Bioacumulación de cadmio en ostras de la bahía de Cartagena: Bio-accumulation cadmium in oysters of Cartagena bay

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Ganiveth Manjarrez Paba

2008-07-01

Full Text Available La Bahía de Cartagena es una de los cuerpos de agua más contaminados de la ciudad, probablemente debido a las industrias que yacen a su alrededor, algunas de las cuales vierten sus desechos en ella, con poco o ningún tipo de tratamiento. Actualmente, los metales pesados como el cadmio, las operaciones de dragado y relleno, los efluentes térmicos y la sedimentación están causando la degradación de los ecosistemas de la bahía a una tasa alarmante. Esta investigación determinó las concentraciones de cadmio en ostras capturadas en seis puntos estratégicos de la bahía: Álcalis, Bocachica, Caño de Loro, Caño Zapatero, Ciénaga Honda y Zona Franca. Los resultados revelaron que no existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los valores medios de concentración de Cd en ostras en cada uno de los muestreos realizado, y que Ciénaga Honda y Bocachica fueron las estaciones donde se detectó mayor concentración del metal en ostras (25,79 mg Cd/kg y 15,11 mg Cd/kg, respectivamente. Este estudio evidencia el peligro al que están expuestos los consumidores de ostras capturadas en la Bahía de Cartagena, y permite alertar a las autoridades competentes sobre la vigilancia del control en los puntos críticos.Cartagena Bay is one of the most contaminated bodies of water in the city, probably due to the industries around it; some of them dispose of their waste in it, with little or no treatment. Currently, heavy metals such as cadmium, dredging and filling, thermal effluents and sedimentation are causing the degradation of the ecosystem of the bay at an alarming rate. This investigation found concentrations of cadmium in oysters which are caught in six strategic points of the Bay: Álcalis, Bocachica, Caño Loro, Caño Zapatero, Cienaga Honda, and the Free Zone. The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the mean values of Cd concentrations in oysters in each one of the samples taken, and that

NIVELES DE PRESIÓN SONORA EN EL SEGUNDO TRAMO DE TRANSCARIBE CARTAGENA 2007 NOISE PRESSURE LEVELS IN THE SECOND SECTION OF TRANSCARIBE CARTAGENA, 2007

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Ildefonso Castro Angulo

2007-07-01

Full Text Available El proyecto de investigación para determinar los niveles de ruido en el segundo tramo de TransCaribe fue desarrollado entre los meses de mayo y junio de 2007, por el Grupo de Investigaciones Ambientales (GIA de la Fundación Universitaria Tecnológico Comfenalco. El desarrollo del sistema TransCaribe es una propuesta para mejorar la movilidad urbana en Cartagena mediante un sistema de transporte de gran envergadura que utilizará autobuses de alta ocupación con el fin último de mejorar la calidad de vida de los ciudadanos y la productividad de la ciudad. Este proyecto de transporte masivo espera reducir los niveles de emisión acústica. Esta investigación realizó un análisis acústico semanal que refleja el fenómeno de la contaminación sonora en Cartagena de Indias, específicamente en la zona adyacente a la avenida Pedro de Heredia, principal vía arteria de la ciudad. El estudio permite concluir que la zona donde será construido el segundo tramo de TransCaribe en ciertas horas del día no cumple normas de contaminación por ruido, pues sus niveles sobrepasan los límites definidos en la legislación (80 dB.This research project which intends to determine the levels of noise in the second section of Transcaribe was developed in May and June, 2007, by Tecnológico Comfenalco University Foundation Environmental Research Group (GIA. The development of Transcaribe system is a proposal to improve urban mobility in Cartagena by means of a high speed transportation system using high occupation buses with the aim of improving citizens' life quality and city productivity as well. This mass transportation system project hopes to reduce acoustic levels. Through this research a weekly acoustic analysis which reflects the phenomenon of noise pollution in Cartagena de Indias, especially in the zone closed to Pedro de Heredia Avenue, an important avenue in the city was carried out. The study allows concluding that the zone where the second section

Factores relacionados con la empatía en estudiantes de medicina de la Universidad de Cartagena

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Vidal Madera Anaya, Meisser; Tirado Amador, Lesbia Rosa; González Martínez, Farith

2015-01-01

Objetivo: Determinar los niveles de empatía y su relación con factores sociodemográficos, familiares y académicos en estudiantes de Medicina. Diseño: Estudio de corte transversal. Emplazamiento: Universidad de Cartagena (Colombia). Participantes: 256 estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad de Cartagena, seleccionados aleatoriamente. Mediciones Principales: Se aplicó un cuestionario que indagaba sobre características sociodemográficas, familiares, académicas y la Escala de Empatía Médica de ...

La fábrica de cristal y vidrio de Santa Lucía (Cartagena y el sector del vidrio español (1834-1908

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Martínez Carrión, J. M.

2002-06-01

Full Text Available This article is a contribution to the Spanish glass industry from the knowledge of Fabrica de Cristal y Vidrio de Santa Lucia (Cartagena during the XIXth century. The evolution of this company is accomplished within the context of the Spanish sector underlining some phases: Its impulse during 1840´s and 1850´s, market problems and competition in the last decades of the XIXth century, and its restructuring at the beginning of the XXth century, which ended with an intense process of concentration and internationalization that affected plane glass and hollow glass. Likewise, industrial location factors, regional distribution of the production, and changes occurred in its various branches between 1856 and 1905 are reported. Data reveal the leading role of this factory from Cartagena in the glass industry and, particularly, its specialization in crystal, glassware of best quality, and white cut glass during the Restoration period.

El trabajo contribuye al conocimiento de la industria del vidrio español durante el siglo XIX a partir de la Fábrica de Cristal y Vidrio de Santa Lucia (Cartagena. La evolución de la empresa es analizada en el contexto del sector español, destacándose varias fases: el impulso que vivió el sector en las décadas de 1840 y 1850, los problemas de mercado y competitividad en las décadas finales del siglo XIX y la reestructuración de comienzos del siglo XX. Esta última acabó con la formación de estructuras de oligopolio que afectaron a las ramas del vidrio plano y del vidrio hueco. Se destacan, asimismo, los factores de localización industrial, la distribución regional de la producción y los cambios acaecidos en sus diferentes ramas entre 1856 y 1905. Los datos aportados revelan el protagonismo de la empresa de Cartagena en el sector vidriero, y en particular su especialización en cristal y vidrio blanco tallado durante el periodo de la Restauración.

Pinturas murales del I estilo pompeyano en Cartagena

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Fernández Díaz, Alicia

1999-12-01

Full Text Available This study is the result of the discovery of some fragments of mural Roman paintings found in some excavation sites in the town of Cartagena, which can be classified in the first Pompeian style (end of the 2nd century BC. Their ornamental scheme consists of an imitation in stucco of «spun of padded (dressed marble» or more commonly denominated as isodomic apparel, whose purpose is not only functional or destined to cover the several materials employed in the construction, but also ornamental and associated to concepts like gravitas and mos maiorum.Este estudio, presentado a modo de noticia, es el resultado del hallazgo de unos fragmentos de pintura mural romana en unas excavaciones de la ciudad de Cartagena que pueden encuadrarse en el I estilo pompeyano (finales del siglo II a.C.. Su esquema decorativo consiste en una imitación en estuco de hiladas de aparejo de mármol almohadillado o más comúnmente denominado como aparejo isódomo, cuya finalidad no es únicamente funcional o destinada a tapar los diferentes materiales empleados en la construcción, sino también ornamental y asociada a conceptos como gravitas y mos maiorum.

La oferta de turismo médico en la ciudad de Cartagena

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Francisco José Arias Aragonés

2015-05-01

Full Text Available En esta investigación se analiza la oferta de turismo médico en la ciudad de Cartagena, con el fin de realizar su caracterización y proponer estrategias que permitan superar las barreras que lo obstaculizan. Se aplicó un instrumento de captura de la información dividido en seis capítulos. La información captada fue tabulada y procesada utilizando el software estadístico spss versión 19. Se encontró que a pesar de las ventajas que presenta esta actividad en Cartagena, los problemas asociados con la escasez de infraestructura hospitalaria y de profesionales de la salud, sumado a las necesidades de salud locales y bajos niveles de manejo de idioma extranjero, son las principales barreras para su desarrollo; por eso las recomendaciones apuntan a dar soluciones a ello.

The Southern HII Region Discovery Survey: The Bright Catalog

Science.gov (United States)

Wenger, Trey V.; Dickey, John M.; Jordan, Christopher H.; Balser, Dana; Armentrout, William Paul; Anderson, Loren; Bania, Thomas; Dawson, Joanne; McClure-Griffiths, Naomi M.; Shea, Jeanine

2018-01-01

HII regions, the zones of ionized gas surrounding recently formed high-mass stars, are the archetypical tracers of Galactic structure. The census of Galactic HII regions in the Southern sky is vastly incomplete due to a lack of sensitive radio recombination line (RRL) surveys. The Southern HII Region Discovery Survey (SHRDS) is a 900-hour Australia Telescope Compact Array cm-wavelength RRL and continuum emission survey of hundreds of third and fourth quadrant Galactic HII region candidates. These candidates are identified in the Widefield Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) Catalog of Galactic HII Regions based on coincident 10 micron (WISE) and 20 cm (Southern Galactic Plane Survey) emission. The SHRDS is an extension of HII Region Discovery Surveys in the Northern sky with the Green Bank Telescope and Arecibo Telescope which discovered ~800 new HII regions. In the first 500 hours of the SHRDS, we targeted the 249 brightest HII region candidates and 33 previously known HII regions. We discuss the data reduction, analysis, and preliminary results from this first stage of the survey.

Assessing environmental quality status by integrating chemical and biological effect data: The Cartagena coastal zone as a case.

Science.gov (United States)

Martínez-Gómez, Concepción; Fernández, Beatriz; Robinson, Craig D; Campillo, J Antonio; León, Víctor M; Benedicto, José; Hylland, Ketil; Vethaak, A Dick

2017-03-01

Cartagena coastal zone (W Mediterranean) was chosen for a practical case study to investigate the suitability of an integrated indicator framework for marine monitoring and assessment of chemicals and their effects, which was developed by ICES and OSPAR. Red mullet (Mullus barbatus) and the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) were selected as target species. Concentrations of contaminants in sediment and biota, and contaminant-related biomarkers were analysed. To assess environmental quality in the Cartagena coastal zone with respect to chemical pollution, data were assessed using available assessment criteria, and then integrated for different environmental matrices. A qualitative scoring method was used to rank the overall assessments into selected categories and to evaluate the confidence level of the final integrated assessment. The ICES/OSPAR integrated assessment framework, originally designed for the North Atlantic, was found to be applicable for Mediterranean species and environmental matrices. Further development of assessment criteria of chemical and biological parameters in sediments and target species from the Mediterranean will, however, be required before this framework can be fully applied for determining Good Environmental Status (GES) of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive in these regions. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Transboundary Movements of Genetically Modified Organisms and the Cartagena Protocol: Key Issues and Concerns

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Odile J Lim Tung

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Biotechnology or the engineering of the genetic material of species can give way to avenues of possibilities for the benefit of people, fauna and flora but also has the potential of posing untold and undiscovered threats to human beings and other living organisms. One of the first attempts to legislate on international rules on biotechnology can be traced back to article 19 of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD in 1992. The CBD is indeed the first international legal instrument apart from the then European Community’s relevant directives to suggest that biotechnology is a matter of concern for the international community while providing a basis upon which more detailed procedures would be elaborated in the field of biosafety. While the CBD includes international rules on access to genetic resources, access to and the transfer of technology, the handling of biotechnology and the distribution of its benefits, it does not include a detailed regulation on genetically modified organisms (GMOs and their possible adverse effects on the environment, human and animal health. It was only with the coming into existence of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (Cartagena Protocol to the CBD in 2000 that the safe transfer, handling and use of living modified organisms (LMOs such as genetically engineered plants, animals, and microbes were at last being catered for, albeit leaving aside the broader categories of GMOs. Due to the need for the negotiators of this protocol to make compromises, there were still key issues on the international biosafety framework pertaining mainly to the scope of the GMOs to be covered by this protocol and by the Advanced Informed Agreement procedure; identification and traceability issues; and liability and redress issues. Nine years after the entry into force of the Cartagena Protocol the transboundary movements of GMOs have clearly increased with new categories of GMOs and genetically modified products to regulate. The

Structural actions toward HIV/AIDS prevention in Cartagena, Colombia: a qualitative study.

Science.gov (United States)

Quevedo-Gómez, María Cristina; Krumeich, Anja; Abadía-Barrero, César Ernesto; Pastrana-Salcedo, Eduardo Manuel; van den Borne, Hubertus

2011-07-01

To obtain a thorough understanding of the complexity and dynamics of the social determination of HIV infection among inhabitants of Cartagena, Colombia, as well as their views on necessary actions and priorities. In a five-year ethnography of HIV/AIDS in collaboration with 96 citizens of Cartagena, different methods and data collection techniques were used. Through 40 in-depth interviews and 30 life histories of inhabitants, the scenario of HIV vulnerability was summarized in a diagram. This diagram was evaluated and complemented through group discussions with key representatives of local governmental and nongovernmental organizations and with people who were interested in the epidemic or affected by it. The diagram illustrates the dynamic and complex interrelationships among structural factors (i.e., social determinants) of HIV infection, such as machismo; lack of work, money, and social services; local dynamics of the performance of the state; and international dynamics of the sexual tourism industry. On the basis of the diagram, groups of key representatives proposed prioritizing structural actions such as reducing socioeconomic inequalities and providing access to health care and education. The social determinants displayed in the diagram relate to historic power forces that have shaped vulnerable scenarios in Cartagena. Collaboration between participants and researchers generates conceptual frameworks that make it possible to understand and manage the complexity of HIV's social determination. This way of understanding effectively connects local inequalities with international flows of power such as sexual tourism and makes evident the strengths and limitations of current approaches to HIV prevention.

LA VIOLENCIA INTRAFAMILIAR EN CARTAGENA: UN ASUNTO DE MENTALIDADES

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Hortensia Naizara Rodríguez

2005-08-01

Full Text Available Partiendo del supuesto que las subjetividades no son estructuras fijas temporales, sino, por el contrario, agentes movedizos que se reestructuran, redefinen, reactualizan y reacondicionan en las dinámicas del tiempo y el espacio como ha quedado demostrado desde mayo de 1968, tras la revolución cultural que colocó de presente el carácter cultural en el cual se construye y se sustentan las sociedades, nuestra propuesta de investigación “Análisis Sociocultural de la Violencia Intrafamiliar en Cartagena desde el relato del o la Hablante. Un Estudio de Género”, se permitió deconstruir las relaciones conflictivas de la familia cartagenera (hombre, mujer, niñas, niños, definidas por patrones, modelos, conductas y códigos culturales que justifican los distintos roles de las subjetividades masculinas y femeninas en lo que se observa contradicción e inflexibilidad a partir de la socialización de géneros. La investigación realizada cuestiona los paradigmas familiares existentes en Cartagena, que ponen en evidencia una constante lucha entre el poder y el contrapoder, el orden y el desorden expresados en el golpe, el maltrato y el insulto, que en algunos casos termina con la eliminación del otro u otra.

Comparisons of invasive plants in southern Africa originating from southern temperate, northern temperate and tropical regions

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L. Henderson

2006-08-01

Full Text Available A subset of invasive alien plant species in southern Africa was analysed in terms of their history of introduction, rate of spread, countries/region of origin, taxonomy, growth forms, cultivated uses, weed status and current distribution in southern Africa, and comparisons made of those originating from south of the tropic of Capricorn, north of the tropic of Cancer and from the tropics. The subset of 233 species, belonging to 58 families, includes all important declared species and some potentially important species. Almost as many species originate from temperate regions (112 as from the tropics (121. Most southern temperate species came from Australia (28/36, most tropical species from tropical America (92/121 and most northern temperate species from Europe (including the Mediterranean and Asia (58/76. Transformers account for 33% of  all species. More transformers are of tropical origin (36 than of northern temperate (24 and southern temperate origin (18. However. 50% of southern temperate species are transformers, compared to 32% of northern temperate and 29% of tropical species. Southern temperate transformer species are mainly woody trees and shrubs that were established on a grand scale as silvicultural crops, barriers (hedges, windbreaks and screens and cover/binders. Most aquatics, herbs, climbers and succulent shrubs an. trom the tropics. Ornamentals are the single largest category of plants from all three regions, the tropics having contributed twice as many species as temperate regions.

Women against the Incident of the Poverty and Public Insalubrity in Cartagena (Colombia, 1915-1928

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Raul Antonio Cera Ochoa

2016-01-01

Full Text Available This article analyzes which was to pass femininely opposite to the incidents of the poverty and public insalubrity in Cartagena during 1915 and 1928. The author reconstructs economic, political and social aspects of the local area and realizes of the women's participation of low, average and high sectors. In a context where denunciations and complaints take place on problematic, —that were committing an outrage against the order and the physical and moral well-being of the population—, as the uncleanliness, the lack of water, the infant mortality and the prostitution. The primary analyzed sources are texts of the official and commercial press located in the Historical Archives of Cartagena.

Lengua e identidad nacional en el pensamiento político de Alonso de Cartagena

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Luis Fernández Gallardo

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Alonso de Cartagena (1385-1456, uno de los intelectuales más notables en la Castilla del siglo xv, muestra en su obra literaria un profundo interés por las cuestiones lingüísticas. Su concepción del lenguaje basada en la Política de Aristóteles, integra ética y política. La lengua es el vínculo de la comunidad, por ser la sustancia de la ley, y, por tanto, es el fundamento del poder político. Al justificar la iniciativa del rey Juan II para traducir a Séneca, Cartagena considera la lengua como patrimonio real. Ofrece un interesante testimonio de la conciencia de la diversidad idiomática hispana. Distingue en el reino de Castilla tres lenguas que corresponden a tres pueblos: castellano, gallego y vasco. Ofrece un temprano testimonio de la denominación del castellano como lengua española o español.Alfonso de Cartagena, l'un des plus remarquables intellectuels castillans du XVe siècle, montre dans son œuvre un vif intérêt pour le langage. Sa conception du langage, fondée sur la Politique d'Aristote, intègre l'éthique et la politique. La langue est le lien de la communauté et la substance de la loi ; elle est donc le fondement du pouvoir politique. Pour justifier l'initiative du roi Juan II de traduire Sénèque, Cartagena considère la langue comme patrimoine royal. Il offre aussi un intéressant témoignage de la conscience de la diversité linguistique hispanique. Il distingue dans le royaume de Castille trois langues qui correspondent à trois peuples : le castillan, le galicien et le basque. Il offre un témoignage précoce de la dénomination de la langue castillane comme “langue espagnole”.

Southern Appalachian Regional Seismic Network

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chiu, S.C.C.; Johnston, A.C.; Chiu, J.M. [Memphis State Univ., TN (United States). Center for Earthquake Research and Information

1994-08-01

The seismic activity in the southern Appalachian area was monitored by the Southern Appalachian Regional Seismic Network (SARSN) since late 1979 by the Center for Earthquake Research and Information (CERI) at Memphis State University. This network provides good spatial coverage for earthquake locations especially in east Tennessee. The level of activity concentrates more heavily in the Valley and Ridge province of eastern Tennessee, as opposed to the Blue Ridge or Inner Piedmont. The large majority of these events lie between New York - Alabama lineament and the Clingman/Ocoee lineament, magnetic anomalies produced by deep-seated basement structures. Therefore SARSN, even with its wide station spacing, has been able to define the essential first-order seismological characteristics of the Southern Appalachian seismic zone. The focal depths of the southeastern U.S. earthquakes concentrate between 8 and 16 km, occurring principally beneath the Appalachian overthrust. In cross-sectional views, the average seismicity is shallower to the east beneath the Blue Ridge and Piedmont provinces and deeper to the west beneath the Valley and Ridge and the North American craton. Results of recent focal mechanism studies by using the CERI digital earthquake catalog between October, 1986 and December, 1991, indicate that the basement of the Valley and Ridge province is under a horizontal, NE-SW compressive stress. Right-lateral strike-slip faulting on nearly north-south fault planes is preferred because it agrees with the trend of the regional magnetic anomaly pattern.

Southern Appalachian Regional Seismic Network

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chiu, S.C.C.; Johnston, A.C.; Chiu, J.M.

1994-08-01

The seismic activity in the southern Appalachian area was monitored by the Southern Appalachian Regional Seismic Network (SARSN) since late 1979 by the Center for Earthquake Research and Information (CERI) at Memphis State University. This network provides good spatial coverage for earthquake locations especially in east Tennessee. The level of activity concentrates more heavily in the Valley and Ridge province of eastern Tennessee, as opposed to the Blue Ridge or Inner Piedmont. The large majority of these events lie between New York - Alabama lineament and the Clingman/Ocoee lineament, magnetic anomalies produced by deep-seated basement structures. Therefore SARSN, even with its wide station spacing, has been able to define the essential first-order seismological characteristics of the Southern Appalachian seismic zone. The focal depths of the southeastern U.S. earthquakes concentrate between 8 and 16 km, occurring principally beneath the Appalachian overthrust. In cross-sectional views, the average seismicity is shallower to the east beneath the Blue Ridge and Piedmont provinces and deeper to the west beneath the Valley and Ridge and the North American craton. Results of recent focal mechanism studies by using the CERI digital earthquake catalog between October, 1986 and December, 1991, indicate that the basement of the Valley and Ridge province is under a horizontal, NE-SW compressive stress. Right-lateral strike-slip faulting on nearly north-south fault planes is preferred because it agrees with the trend of the regional magnetic anomaly pattern

Levantamiento topográfico zona El Batel (Cartagena)

OpenAIRE

Pérez Lozano, David

2015-01-01

El objetivo del proyecto es el levantamiento topográfico tanto del Auditorio El Batel como de la carretera, rotonda y césped justo debajo de la muralla para así poseer de unos planos más actualizados que complementen los ya hechos en su día y que por tanto han quedado desfasados debido a la metamorfosis que ha experimentado, especialmente, la zona en la que ahora yace El Batel. El proyecto está ubicado en la ciudad de Cartagena cuyo emplazamiento es el Auditorio El Batel, Paseo...

Edificio de 14 viviendas y garajes en Cartagena

OpenAIRE

Navarro Serrano, Antonio

2015-01-01

Se trata de la construcción de un bloque de viviendas con forma de “U” donde en este proyecto se ocupara de realizar uno de los tres bloque del mismo. Este bloque engloba la construcción de 14 viviendas con aparcamiento y trasteros, ubicado en la ciudad de Cartagena. El edificio proyectado corresponde a la tipología de vivienda plurifamiliar en bloque en “U” (manzana abierta). Constará de una planta sótano común para todo el bloque, cuatro plantas de viviendas y una de trastero...

Diiagnóstico económico y financiero de Electrónica Martínez de Cartagena

OpenAIRE

García García, Nuria

2015-01-01

Este Trabajo Fin de Máster está incluido en los estudios del Máster en Contabilidad y Finanzas Corporativas realizados en la Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena en el curso académico 2014-2015. El objetivo principal de este proyecto es realizar un análisis económico y financiero de la empresa Electrónica Martínez de Cartagena, S.L. en el periodo de 2008 a 2013, mediante la utilización de una serie de técnicas estudiadas a lo largo de la carrera y perfeccionadas durante el M...

Governança global e transferência de política: influências do Protocolo de Cartagena na Política Nacional de Biossegurança Gobernanza global y transferencia de la política: influencias del Protocolo de Cartagena en la Política Nacional de Bioseguridad Global governance and transfer policy: influences of the Cartagena Protocol on Brazilian National Policy on Biosafety

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Yuna Fontoura

2013-02-01

Full Text Available No contexto de governança global, analisamos o tema da transferência de política, no qual a formulação de políticas públicas é influenciada por experiências de contextos políticos diferentes. Neste sentido, questionamos de que forma o Protocolo de Cartagena influenciou a formulação da Política Nacional de Biossegurança (PNB. A pesquisa empírica foi realizada por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com respondentes qualificados, que atuaram direta ou indiretamente na formulação da PNB. No tratamento dos dados adotamos uma abordagem qualitativa, por meio da utilização da análise de conteúdo. Os resultados revelam que houve transferência de política no formato de aprendizado (ou lesson drawing do Protocolo de Cartagena à PNB.En el contexto de la gobernancia global, se analiza el tema de la política de transferencia, en que la formulación de la política pública está influenciada por las experiencias de los diferentes contextos políticos. En este sentido, nos preguntamos cómo el Protocolo de Cartagena ha influido en la formulación de la Política Nacional de Bioseguridad (PNB. La investigación empírica se realizó a través de entrevistas semi-estructuradas con informantes calificados, que trabajaban directa o indirectamente en la formulación de la PNB. En el procesamiento de los datos seguimos un enfoque cualitativo, a través del uso de análisis de contenido. Los resultados muestran que ocorre una política de transferencia en la forma de aprendizaje (o lesson drawing del Protocolo de Cartagena sobre PNB.In the context of global governance, we analyze the topic of policy transfer in which the formulation of public policies is influenced by experiences of different political contexts. Thus, we question how the Cartagena Protocol influenced the formulation of the Brazilian National Biosafety Policy (PNB. The empirical research was accomplished through semi-structured interviews with qualified respondents who

Aromatic hydrocarbons from service stations in the sewer system in Cartagena, Columbia; Hidrocarburos aromaticos en la red de alcantarillado procedentes de estaciones de servicio en Cartagena (Colombia)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cachorro Sanchez, P.; Gonzalez Garcia, H.; Luna Jara, J.

2000-07-01

The results of this study are part of a project for characterising domestic and industrial waste flowing through the sewer system of Cartagena de Indias (Columbia). Characterisation was carried out in order to establish the contaminating load in the drinking water supply with a view to establishing a framework for compensatory taxes levied by the corresponding environmental agency. (Author)

Factores asociados al ejercicio de la sexualidad de las y los adolescentes escolarizados de Cartagena – Colombia 2008

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Carmen Elena Díaz Montes

2014-03-01

Full Text Available Title: Associated factors in the sexual practices of school adolescents of Cartagena- Colombia 2008Objetivo: Establecer las prácticas sexuales y los factores asociados al ejercicio de la sexualidad de las y los adolescentes escolarizados en Cartagena. Metodología: Estudio transversal, población 104.088 adolescentes estudiantes de secundaria en colegios oficiales y privados de Cartagena. Muestra 1.035 adolescentes, intervalo de confianza 95%, error 2%. Muestreo; multietapico. Se utilizaron una escala de conocimientos y actitudes y la escala Francis para valorar religiosidad. Resultados: La edad promedio de inicio de relaciones sexuales fue de 14.1 años, el 17% de los adolescentes ha tenido relaciones sexuales. Tener relaciones sexuales se asocia con ser varón, mayor grado de escolaridad, consumir cigarrillo, pertenecer a un grupo social, desigualdad de género, tener pareja y considerarla estable. Tener relaciones sexuales es más frecuente, en adolescentes de colegios públicos que privados. Conclusión: de los veintidós factores estudiados, ocho factores se mantuvieron fuertemente asociados al inicio de relaciones sexuales.AbstractObjective: To establish the sexual practices and the associated factors of the sexual behavior of school adolescents of Cartagena. Methodology: Transversal study, population 104.088 adolescent students of Secondary School of Public and private schools of Cartagena. Sample 1.035 adolescents, confidence level 95 %, and error 2 %. Sampling: multistage. Two scales of knowledge and attitudes were used, and the Francis scale. Results: The average age to start sexual relations was 14.1, 17% of the adolescents have had sexual relationships. To have sexual relations is associated significantly with the fact of being male, being in a higher grade, cigarette consumption, belonging to a social group, gender inequality, having a partner and considering him/her stable. Sexual relations are more common in public

Bolívar ante la política de Cartagena en 1812

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Manuel José Forero

1961-11-01

Full Text Available Veintinueve años contaba Simón Bolívar en los días de su llegada a Cartagena. Imaginación ardiente, ojos vivos, ademanes colmados de actividad eran los dones visibles al instante en el futuro Libertador. Traía en el alma un gran dolor.

Regional Geography Is Dead: Long Live Regional Geography! With an Example from Southern Italy.

Science.gov (United States)

King, Russell

1979-01-01

Recounts criticisms of regional geography and points out three reasons for retaining it: growth of regional science, area studies, and regional planning. Evaluates Southern Italy as an example of the uses of regional analyses. For journal availability, see SO 507 291. (Author/CK)

La violencia familiar (conyugal/pareja en las ciudades de Cartagena y Barranquilla en el Caribe colombiano

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Marta Silva Pertuz

2017-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del presente estudio fue identi car cuáles son los factores que subyacen a la violencia familiar (conyugal/ pa- reja en las ciudades de Cartagena y Barranquilla en el Caribe Colombiano. Los participantes fueron dieciséis parejas en cada una de las dos ciudades, contexto de este trabajo; igualmente profesionales de diferentes disciplinas que vienen trabajando con esta patología familiar, doce en Barranquilla y once en Cartagena. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el Cuestionario para la Detección de la Violencia en las relaciones de pareja (Autor: Soriano, Díaz Andrés (2006. N° GR2760/2006, Universidad De Granada (España, entrevista estructurada con dieciséis preguntas abiertas aplicada a profesionales; formato de registro de un grupo focal con estudiantes de diversas profesiones próximos a egresar y formato sobre registros de la observación participante. En los hallazgos se observa la tendencia hacia el maltrato psicológico-emocional, principalmente por el contexto cultural que normaliza / normatiza el poder o in uencia del hombre sobre la mujer; como lo indican las cifras en relación con la mayor- mente explicitada violencia sexual (entre otras violencias en la pareja, a pesar del aumento de los registros en Medicina Legal y Fiscalía por agresión sexual, estos resultados muestran que aún no se es capaz de denunciar tales abusos o lo toman como parte de las “obligaciones maritales”.Palabras clave: Violencia familiar, violencia de pareja, Cartagena, Barranquilla, Caribe ColombianoAbstract the aim of the present study was identi ed which are the factors that sublie to the familiar violence (conyugal/pair in the cities of Cartagena and Barranquilla in the Colombian Caribbean. e participants were sixteen pairs in each of two cities, context of this work; equally professionals of di erent disciplines who come working with this familiar pathology, twelve in Barranquilla and eleven in Cartagena. e used

The influence of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety: Comparing Mexico, China and South Africa..

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Gupta, A.; Falkner, R.

2006-01-01

This paper analyzes how the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, a global regime governing trade in genetically modified organisms (GMOs), is influencing agricultural biotechnology policy choices in developing countries/emerging economies. Through empirical analysis of Mexico, China and South Africa, we

Caracterización fenotípica y metabólica del síndrome metabólico en Cartagena de Indias Phenotypic and metabolic characterization of the metabolic syndrome in Cartagena de Indias

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Fernando Manzur

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Introducción: el síndrome metabólico agrupa una serie de factores de riesgo que afectan a un mismo individuo y predisponen a enfermedad cardiovascular y diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Su detección y tratamiento precoces permiten mejorar los indicadores de salud de la población. Objetivo: describir la prevalencia del síndrome metabólico y sus componentes, a través de la comparación de los criterios del Tercer Panel de Tratamiento del Adulto (ATP III y los de la Federación Internacional de Diabetes (IDF, en adultos mayores de 30 años, oriundos de Cartagena de Indias. Métodos: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, en el cual se evaluaron 749 personas de las diferentes zonas de Cartagena, por muestreo aleatorio, encuesta estructurada y consentimiento informado. Se les midió la presión arterial, y la circunferencia de la cintura, y en ayunas se determinaron niveles de glucemia, colesterol total, colesterol HDL y triglicéridos. Resultados: la muestra quedó conformada por 545 (73% mujeres y 204 (27% hombres, con edad promedio de 51,7 ± 13 años. Con los criterios del ATP III la prevalencia del síndrome metabólico fue de 25,4% y según los de la IDF 31,5%. Para los criterios comunes fueron: hipertrigliceridemia 21,1%; hipertensión arterial 49,1% y c-HDL bajo 55,1%. Las prevalencias para los componentes no comunes de obesidad central e hiperglucemia en ayunas ATP III versus IDF fueron: 41% vs. 71% y 10% vs. 13%, respectivamente. Cconclusiones: la presencia de síndrome metabólico fue mayor cuando se aplicaron los criterios de la IDF, en especial para el género masculino. Estos resultados muestran que el síndrome metabólico presenta una alta prevalencia en Cartagena de Indias, de allí la importancia de la promoción y prevención para mejorar la calidad de vida de esta población.Introduction: the metabolic syndrome gathers a series of risk factors that affect a subject and predispose to cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus

Cartagena veintiún años después de ser declarada patrimonio mundial

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Alberto Samudio Trallero

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Esta ponencia reconstruye, en primer lugar, un breve recuento de la evolución urbana del centro histórico de Cartagena de Indias, a partir de las primeras décadas del siglo XX, cuando se inicia su recuperación después de un largo período de decadencia ocasionado por el sitio de Pablo Morillo, la guerra de independencia, los conflictos civiles y la incomunicación con el interior del país por el cierre del Canal del Dique. Se producen las primeras manifestaciones de que la ciudad y sus autoridades han tomado conciencia de la importancia de la conservación de su patrimonio monumental. En segundo lugar, en retrospectiva, realiza una mirada a la legislación que respaldó y promovió la labor de conservación del patrimonio urbano y arquitectónico de Cartagena. Posteriormente, en tercer lugar, cuenta cómo comenzó la labor de recuperación de las viejas casonas de los períodos colonial y republicano y su acondicionamiento para nuevos usos. Después, en cuarto lugar, analiza la inclusión de Cartagena en la Lista del Patrimonio Mundial y las consecuencias de esta acción. En último lugar, el autor muestra el panorama de la situación actual, bajo una fuerte presión provocada por la demanda inmobiliaria y las posibles repercusiones de orden socioeconómico, urbanístico y ambiental.

Regional Development and Sustainability: Cultural Tourism in the Southern Region of Jalisco

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José G. Vargas-Hernández

2012-11-01

Full Text Available This study aims to determine the potential of cultural tourism in the municipalities that comprise region 6 of the State of Jalisco, territorially delimited in the South of Jalisco. (Subject is missing Are tested first to identify the demand for cultural tourism to determine the profile of the cultural tourist under the assumptions that tourists especially motivated by culture tend to travel longer distances than most tourists. It discusses the motivations and satisfactions of cultural tourists in order to establish the potential market in accordance with the characteristics of the target market in the southern region of Jalisco. Any operation of cultural tourism companies should make the strategic diagnosis, which explains the use of SWOT analysis as a tool for strategic planning of cultural tourism enterprises. Finally, we propose some development strategies of cultural tourism in this region of Southern Jalisco.

The Southern Ocean and South Pacific Region

OpenAIRE

Kelleher, K.; Warnau, Michel; Failler, Pierre; Pecl, Gretta; Turley, Carol; Boeuf, Gilles; Laffoley, Dan; Parker, Laura; Gurney, Leigh

2012-01-01

The Region comprises three sub-regions (FAO Statistical Areas) with very different characteristics. The South Pacific includes the vast and virtually unpopulated Southern Ocean surrounding the Antarctic. It has the world’s largest fisheries off Peru and Chile and some of the world’s best managed fisheries in Australia and New Zealand. The Region has over 27% of the world’s ocean area and over 98% of the Region’s total area of 91 million km2 is ‘open ocean’. The Region contains less than 5% of...

The southern region renal transplant program at armed forces hospital, khamis mushayt.

Science.gov (United States)

Mohammed, A S; Al-Hashemy, A; Addous, A J; Ismail, G

1996-01-01

The Southern Region renal transplant program was established in February 1989. The appointment of a transplant co-ordinator and creation of a waiting list for the Southern Region as well as tissue typing of all patients in the region were important early steps. Between February 1989 and December 1995, 155 transplants were performed on 152 patients at the Armed Forces Hospital, Southern Region (AFHSR). Of them, 52 were cadaveric donor transplants and the remaining were from living related donors. The overall five-year actuarial patient and graft survival was 93% and 78% respectively. Of the 152 patients who were transplanted, 79 patients were from other hospitals in the region and 73 were from AFHSR. Maintenance immunosuppression consisted of cyclosporin, azathioprine and prednisolone. Use of the spouse as a donor was an early feature of this program. Our results compare favorably with results published from other centers. To cope with the increasing demand of transplantation in the Southern Region, we have to look into ways of increasing our transplant numbers to match the needs.

Plan de negocio de un hostal en Cartagena

OpenAIRE

Puma, Davide

2017-01-01

[ESP] En situación de lenta recuperación como la que se está viviendo, la demanda turística se caracteriza por pedir un servicio que sea lo más accesible posible en términos de precios pero al mismo tiempo también satisfactorio en términos de calidad. No cabe ninguna duda sobre el rol que está jugando el turismo sobre la recuperación económica del País y no aprovechar los enormes flujos turísticos de Cartagena. Utilizará las herramientas a disposición para los emprendedores y el objetivo es d...

Manumisión, ritualidad y fiesta liberal en la provincia de Cartagena durante el siglo XIX.

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Dolcey Romero Jaramillo.

2005-01-01

Full Text Available Manumission, rituality, and liberal festivities in the province of Cartagena de Indias in the 19th CenturyThis article describes the rituals that accompanied acts of manumission in the province of Cartagena during the nineteenth century and the way in which liberals took advantage of these events to create propaganda for their own utopian liberalism. They thus tried to present themselves both as modernists and lovers of liberty. The acts of manumission, which were almost anonymous until 1821, contrast with the majesty and splendor that characterized such acts after the triumph of liberalism in 1849. Notwithstanding the fact that many elements of liberal symbolism were propagated through said acts, they were extremely precarious with respect to the question of granting freedom to the descendents of African slaves.

Fluvial fluxes from the Magdalena River into Cartagena Bay, Caribbean Colombia: Trends, future scenarios, and connections with upstream human impacts

Science.gov (United States)

Restrepo, Juan D.; Escobar, Rogger; Tosic, Marko

2018-02-01

Fluxes of continental runoff and sediments as well as downstream deposition of eroded soils have severely altered the structure and function of fluvial and deltaic-estuarine ecosystems. The Magdalena River, the main contributor of continental fluxes into the Caribbean Sea, delivers important amounts of water and sediments into Cartagena Bay, a major estuarine system in northern Colombia. Until now, trends in fluvial fluxes into the bay, as well as the relationship between these tendencies in fluvial inputs and associated upstream changes in the Magdalena catchment, have not been studied. Here we explore the interannual trends of water discharge and sediment load flowing from the Magdalena River-Canal del Dique system into Cartagena Bay during the last three decades, forecast future scenarios of fluxes into the bay, and discuss possible connections between observed trends in fluvial inputs and trends in human intervention in the Magdalena River basin. Significant upward trends in annual runoff and sediment load during the mid-1980s, 1990s, and post-2000 are observed in the Magdalena and in the Canal del Dique flowing into Cartagena Bay. During the last decade, Magdalena streamflow and sediment load experienced increases of 24% and 33%, respectively, compared to the pre-2000 year period. Meanwhile, the Canal del Dique witnessed increases in water discharge and sediment load of 28% and 48%, respectively. During 26 y of monitoring, the Canal del Dique has discharged 177 Mt of sediment to the coastal zone, of which 52 Mt was discharged into Cartagena Bay. Currently, the Canal drains 6.5% and transports 5.1% of the Magdalena water discharge and sediment load. By 2020, water discharge and sediment flux from the Canal del Dique flowing to the coastal zone will witness increments of 164% and 260%, respectively. Consequently, sediment fluxes into Cartagena Bay will witness increments as high as 8.2 Mt y- 1 or 317%. Further analyses of upstream sediment load series for 21

Care of patients with Alzheimer and their skills in caring, in the city of Cartagena Los cuidadores de pacientes con Alzheimer y su habilidad de cuidado, en la ciudad de Cartagena

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MONTALVO PRIETO AMPARO ASTRID

2007-12-01

Full Text Available The study established the characteristics and the skills in caring for an Alzheimer's patient, by the main family care provider in Cartagena. We carried out a descriptive quantitative study of 84 care providers for Alzheimer patients, in Cartagena and neighboring towns, of different gender and social level, who came to the hospital institution, i.e. the "Fundación Instituto de Rehabilitación del Epiléptico (FIRE". The instruments used was care ability index or, "Inventario de la habilidad de cuidado (CAI" by Ngozi Nkongho, whose reliability was validated in its Spanish version, which enable us to measure the degree of knowledge, the value and patience in skilled care of family care providers, and the characterizing them as per the survey characteristics of care providers, i.e. "Caracterización de los cuidadores". The finding confirmed the thesis of the literature regarding the similarities present among care providers in as far as gender, age, family ties and low skill level of those family providers in terms of knowledge, the worth and the patience when caring for patients with Alzheimer diseases. The results suggest the need to strengthen family care providers in terms of skilled care in three dimensions, thru the conformation of support groups.El estudio estableció las características y la habilidad de cuidado del cuidador familiar principal del paciente con Alzheimer en la ciudad de Cartagena. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de abordaje cuantitativo a 84 cuidadores de pacientes con Alzheimer, en la ciudad de Cartagena y pueblos aledaños, de diferente género y estrato social, que acuden como usuarios a la institución hospitalaria Fundación Instituto de Rehabilitación del Epiléptico (FIRE. Los instrumentos utilizados, "Inventario de la habilidad de cuidado (CAI" de Ngozi Nkongho, cuya confiabilidad se validó en su versión al español, permitió hacer la medición de la dimensiones conocimiento, valor y paciencia de la

Structural actions toward HIV/AIDS prevention in Cartagena, Colombia: a qualitative study Medidas estructurales para la prevención de la infección por el VIH/sida en Cartagena, Colombia: estudio cualitativo

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María Cristina Quevedo-Gómez

2011-07-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To obtain a thorough understanding of the complexity and dynamics of the social determination of HIV infection among inhabitants of Cartagena, Colombia, as well as their views on necessary actions and priorities. METHODS: In a five-year ethnography of HIV/AIDS in collaboration with 96 citizens of Cartagena, different methods and data collection techniques were used. Through 40 in-depth interviews and 30 life histories of inhabitants, the scenario of HIV vulnerability was summarized in a diagram. This diagram was evaluated and complemented through group discussions with key representatives of local governmental and nongovernmental organizations and with people who were interested in the epidemic or affected by it. RESULTS: The diagram illustrates the dynamic and complex interrelationships among structural factors (i.e., social determinants of HIV infection, such as machismo; lack of work, money, and social services; local dynamics of the performance of the state; and international dynamics of the sexual tourism industry. On the basis of the diagram, groups of key representatives proposed prioritizing structural actions such as reducing socioeconomic inequalities and providing access to health care and education. CONCLUSIONS: The social determinants displayed in the diagram relate to historic power forces that have shaped vulnerable scenarios in Cartagena. Collaboration between participants and researchers generates conceptual frameworks that make it possible to understand and manage the complexity of HIV's social determination. This way of understanding effectively connects local inequalities with international flows of power such as sexual tourism and makes evident the strengths and limitations of current approaches to HIV prevention.OBJETIVO: Explorar la comprensión de los habitantes sobre la determinación social de la infección por el VIH en Cartagena, Colombia, y sus criterios sobre las medidas necesarias y las prioridades. M�

Las culturas laborales de las 100 mejores empresas de Cartagena. Sector industria

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Juan Antonio Morales

2004-01-01

Full Text Available La presente investigación se propone caracterizar, a partir de las culturas laborales, el perfil empresarial de las 100 mejores empresas del sector industria de Cartagena. El perfil empresarial es el punto de partida para determinar dónde se encuentran y hacia dónde deben dirigirse las compañías, y, a su vez, permite visualizar alternativas de estrategias salariales y/o compensacionales.

Usos populares de la flora tipica del oeste de Cartagena

OpenAIRE

Martínez Madrid, María José; Martínez Madrid, Isabel María

2011-01-01

Se recopilan los usos que popularmente se llevan o llevaban a cabo con la flora local del Oeste de Cartagena, para as´ı estudiar los conocimientos que a ´un conserva la poblaci´on y realizar un peque ˜ no sondeo de las plantas m´as utilizadas, atendiendo a su ubicaci´on y uso. Esta recopilaci´on de datos la he realizado mediante una serie de entrevistas abiertas a diversas personas de distintas edades en las que les preguntaba por plantas medicinales, enfermedades q...

Cuidadores de Cartagena y su contexto de cuidado: estudio comparativo

OpenAIRE

Montalvo-Prieto, Amparo; Flórez-Torres, Inna Elida

2009-01-01

Objetivo: comparar las características sociodemográficas y de relación de cuidado de cuidadores de niños y adultos con enfermedades crónicas discapacitantes de Cartagena, Colombia. Método: estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo, de corte transversal. Se realizó un muestreo no probabilístico, por conveniencia, entre el 2006 y el 2007. Participaron 300 cuidadores: 98 de niños y 202 de adultos con enfermedades crónicas. Se utilizó la encuesta de caracterización de los cuidadores. Para describir las a...

The Southern HII Region Discovery Survey

Science.gov (United States)

Wenger, Trey; Miller Dickey, John; Jordan, Christopher; Bania, Thomas M.; Balser, Dana S.; Dawson, Joanne; Anderson, Loren D.; Armentrout, William P.; McClure-Griffiths, Naomi

2016-01-01

HII regions are zones of ionized gas surrounding recently formed high-mass (OB-type) stars. They are among the brightest objects in the sky at radio wavelengths. HII regions provide a useful tool in constraining the Galactic morphological structure, chemical structure, and star formation rate. We describe the Southern HII Region Discovery Survey (SHRDS), an Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) survey that discovered ~80 new HII regions (so far) in the Galactic longitude range 230 degrees to 360 degrees. This project is an extension of the Green Bank Telescope HII Region Discovery Survey (GBT HRDS), Arecibo HRDS, and GBT Widefield Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) HRDS, which together discovered ~800 new HII regions in the Galactic longitude range -20 degrees to 270 degrees. Similar to those surveys, candidate HII regions were chosen from 20 micron emission (from WISE) coincident with 10 micron (WISE) and 20 cm (SGPS) emission. By using the ATCA to detect radio continuum and radio recombination line emission from a subset of these candidates, we have added to the population of known Galactic HII regions.

How can design be a platform for the development of a regional cluster in the Region of Southern Denmark

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jensen, Susanne; Christensen, Poul Rind

2013-01-01

Analyses of key factors for the emergence of a cluster and the formation of a design cluster in the region of Southern Denmark......Analyses of key factors for the emergence of a cluster and the formation of a design cluster in the region of Southern Denmark...

77 FR 74454 - Media Outlets for Publication of Legal and Action Notices in the Southern Region

Science.gov (United States)

2012-12-14

... Outlets for Publication of Legal and Action Notices in the Southern Region AGENCY: Forest Service, USDA. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: Deciding Officers in the Southern Region will publish notice of decisions... newspapers listed in the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section of this notice. The Southern Region consists of...

VALORACIÓN DE LOS SERVICIOS PÚBLICOS DOMICILIARIOS DE CARTAGENA DE INDIAS (COLOMBIA

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JUAN CARLOS VERGARA SCHMALBACH

2017-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este artículo es valorar la calidad de los servicios públicos domiciliarios en la ciudad de Cartagena de Indias (Colombia, y sus efectos en el nivel de satisfacción de sus habitantes. Para ello se aplicó la técnica de Mínimos Cuadrados Parciales (PLS a los datos sobre la percepción de la calidad de los servicios públicos domiciliarios (energía, acueducto y alcantarillado, telefonía, internet y gas natural, obtenidos a partir de una encuesta aplicada a una muestra representativa de 250 familias de las 15 comunas de Cartagena de Indias (específicamente adultos responsables del pago de los servicios públicos domiciliarios, utilizando un Muestreo Aleatorio Estratificado. Los resultados arrojaron fuertes correlaciones entre las percepciones de calidad de los cartageneros y su satisfacción frente a los servicios domiciliarios, así como entre las percepciones de calidad y la satisfacción general; esta última relacionada con la valoración de todos los servicios públicos recibidos por los cartagener os, sin importar su género, edad, nivel de formación o estrato socioeconómico.

ENTRE EL VENDAVAL CLIMÁTICO Y LA TORMENTA POLÍTICA: ELECCIONES PRESIDENCIALES Y FACCIONALISMO POLÍTICO EN CARTAGENA EN 1836

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Edwin Monsalvo

2013-07-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo se propone describir el proceso electoral de 1836 en Cartagena de Indias (Colombia que significó la transición de la Presidencia de la República de Francisco de Paula Santander a José Ignacio de Márquez, para mostrar el papel que jugaron el poder provincial en la definición de las mismas. Nuestra hipótesis es que en la provincia de Cartagena, el entramado de los poderes locales tuvo el control de las elecciones parroquiales y ello ayudó a definir el resultado electoral en favor de la facción de los liberales moderados.

PROSPECTS OF REGIONAL NETWORK STRUCTURES IN THE SOUTHERN FEDERAL DISTRICT

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I. V. Morozov

2014-01-01

Full Text Available The article reveals the possibility of the Southern Federal District to form regional network structures. The prospects for the formation of networks in the region in relation to the Olympic Winter Games Sochi 2014.

MONITOREO DE RESIDUOS DE PESTICIDAS ORGANOCLORADOS EN CAMARÓN (Penaeus vannamei DEL ÁREA COSTERA DE LA BAHÍA CARTAGENA (COLOMBIA MONITORAMENTO RESÍDUOS DE PESTICIDAS ORGANOCLORADOS EM CAMARÃO (Penaeus vannamei A ÁREA DA BAÍA COSTEIRA DE CARTAGENA (COLÔMBIA MONITORING OF ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES RESIDUES IN SHRIMP (Penaeus vannamei FROM THE COASTAL AREA OF CARTAGENA BAY COLOMBIA

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BEATRIZ E JARAMILLO

2010-12-01

Full Text Available El uso de pesticidas organoclorados para el control químico de plagas ha traído como consecuencia la contaminación de los organismos biológicos que hacen parte del medio ambiente. Muestras de camarón (Penaeus vannamei fueron analizadas como bioindicador de la calidad del agua en las costas de la bahía de Cartagena. Veintisiete muestras fueron recolectadas en tres estaciones de muestreo durante los meses de enero, junio y noviembre del 2008. Los tiempos de retención de los extractos obtenidos de los camarones se compararon con los de una mezcla patrón de 20 pesticidas organoclorados. La técnica utilizada fue cromatografía de gases con microdetector de captura de electrones. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la contaminación residual por pesticidas organoclorados en músculo del camarón (Penaeus vannamei obtenidos en las playas de la ciudad de Cartagena. El límite de detección de todos los pesticidas organoclorados estuvo entre un rango de 0.1-13 ngg-1. La concentración de los residuos de pesticidas organoclorados en camarón fue más baja que la del límite máximo permitido en animales acuáticos recomendado por la FAO.O uso de pesticidas organoclorados por controle químico de pragas, resultou na contaminação de organismos biológicos que fazem parte do ambiente. As amostras de camarão (Penaeus vannamei foram analisados como bioindicador da qualidade da água nas margens da baía de Cartagena. Vinte e sete amostras foram coletadas em três estações de amostragem durante os meses de Janeiro, junho e novembro de 2008. Os tempos de retenção dos extratos dos camarões foram comparados com os de uma mistura padrão de 20 pesticidas organoclorados. A técnica utilizada foia cromatografía gasosa com microdetector captura de elétrons. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a contaminação residual de pesticidas organoclorados no músculo do camarão (Penaeus vannamei obtidos nas praias da cidade de Cartagena. O

Textos costeños, dos versiones de Macondo: Cartagena y Ciénaga

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Luis H. Aristizabal

2007-10-01

Full Text Available García Márquez en Cartagena. Sus inicios literarios Jorge García Usta. Seix Barral,  colección Los tres mundos, Bogotá, 2007, 322 págs. El misterio de los Buendía. El verdadero trasfondo histórico de Cien años de soledad Guillermo Henríquez Torres Editorial Nueva América, Bogotá, 2006, 396 págs.

Condiciones de trabajo y salud de mototaxistas Cartagena - Colombia

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Irma Yolanda Castillo Avila

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Determinar las condiciones de trabajo y salud de los moto-taxistas de la ciudad de Cartagena. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, con una muestra de 423 moto-taxistas de la ciudad, elegidos por muestreo aleatorio por conglomerados. Para la recolección de información fue utilizada una encuesta socio-demográfica y una adaptación de la VI En- cuesta Nacional de Condiciones de Trabajo del Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo de España. Se aplicó estadística descriptiva a los datos utilizando el programa estadístico SPSSS versión 17. Resultados: Participaron en el estudio 423 moto-taxistas, 97.9% (414 son hombres. El 46.3 % (196 son bachilleres y el 2.1% (9 han finalizado estudios universitarios. En cuanto a las condiciones de trabajo y salud, el 54.8% (232 manifestaron ser trabajadores independientes propietarios de las motos. El 18.2% (77 aseguro estar expuesto a ruido elevado, 40.7% (173 debe trabajar con lluvia, 91% (385 respira polvos y humos durante la realización de su trabajo. La mediana de horas diarias laboradas es 10. El 53.7% (227 aseguraron no tener ningún tipo de afiliación a seguridad social; El 74.7% (316 consideran que su trabajo afecta su salud, siendo las afecciones más frecuentes: dolor de espalda 65.2% (276, dolor de cuello 34% (144 y enfermedades de la piel 25.5% (108. Conclusión: El moto-taxismo, es el tipo de trabajo informal más común en la ciudad de Cartagena. Los trabajadores no cuentan con afiliación al sistema general de seguridad social en salud, y trabajan en condiciones que ponen en riesgo su salud.

Primary health care in the Southern Mediterranean region.

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Weide, M.G.; Fakiri, F. el; Kulu Glasgow, I.; Grielen, S.J.; Zee, J. van der

1998-01-01

This book gives an overview of primary health care in the Southern Mediterranean region. For twelve countries detailed information is provided on the structure and financing of health care, the organisation of primary care (including mother and child health care and immunisation programmes), health

[Validity and internal consistency of the Maslach Burnout Inventory in Dental Students from Cartagena, Colombia].

Science.gov (United States)

Simancas-Pallares, Miguel Angel; Fortich Mesa, Natalia; González Martínez, Farith Damián

To determine the internal consistency and content validity of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS) in dental students from Cartagena, Colombia. Scale validation study in 886 dental students from Cartagena, Colombia. Factor structure was determined through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Internal consistency was measured using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Analyses were performed using the Stata v.13.2 for Windows (Statacorp., USA) and Mplus v.7.31 for Windows (Muthén & Muthén, USA) software. Internal consistency was α=.806. The factor structure showed three that accounted for the 56.6% of the variance. CFA revealed: χ 2 =926.036; df=85; RMSEA=.106 (90%CI, .100-.112); CFI=.947; TLI=.934. The MBI showed an adequate internal consistency and a factor structure being consistent with the original proposed structure with a poor fit, which does not reflect adequate content validity in this sample. Copyright © 2016 Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría. Publicado por Elsevier España. All rights reserved.

Contextos Socioculturales de Riesgo para Contraer VIH en Cartagena.

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Juan Fernando Vesga.

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Aunque no ha habido mayor número de programas de prevención en la ciudad de Cartagena, la incidencia del VIH ha aumentado dramáticamente. Dentro de este contexto social, el propósito de este estudio se centra en la comprensión de cómo el contexto sociocultural infuences el concepto de riesgo de contagio del VIH. Además, teniendo en cuenta la promoción del condón como la medida más eficaz para prevenir la infección, se discute la pertinencia sociocultural de Offcial políticas de salud pública tales como sexo seguro, los factores de riesgo y el cambio de comportamiento.

The Southern HII Region Discovery Survey: Preliminary Results

Science.gov (United States)

Shea, Jeanine; Wenger, Trey; Balser, Dana S.; Anderson, Loren D.; Armentrout, William P.; Bania, Thomas M.; Dawson, Joanne; Miller Dickey, John; Jordan, Christopher; McClure-Griffiths, Naomi M.

2017-01-01

HII regions are some of the brightest sources at radio frequencies in the Milky Way and are the sites of massive O and B-type star formation. They have relatively short (Bank Telescope. Candidate HII regions were selected from mid-infrared emission coincident with radio continuum emission, and confirmed as HII regions by the detection of radio recombination lines. Here we discuss the Southern HII Region Discovery Survey (SHRDS), a continuation of the HRDS using the Australia Telescope Compact Array over the Galactic longitude range 230 to 360 degrees. We have reduced and analyzed a small sub-set of the SHRDS sources and discuss preliminary results, including kinematic distances and metallicities.

EL DESARROLLO DE LA ACTIVIDAD TURÍSTICA EN CARTAGENA DE INDIAS: IMPLICACIONES SOCIALES Y URBANAS: 1943 – 1978

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Harold Carrillo Romero

2013-08-01

Full Text Available Cartagena de Indias es la plaza turística más significativa del país. Sin embargo, es uno de los espacios con mayores índices de pobreza, exclusión y marginalidad social. El presente artículo es un acercamiento, desde una perspectiva socio-económica, a los procesos de instrumentalización de políticas sobre turismo en la ciudad. Enmarcado dentro del período de tiempo 1943-1978. Dicho esbozo, analiza el proceso y construcción histórica de Cartagena como ciudad turística, a partir de las legislaciones que se adelantaron para este fin y como en muchas medidas, este proceso catalizó signos de segregación y exclusión de los sectores populares de la ciudad, hacia zonas deprimidas y olvidadas.

Características de los cuidadores de personas en situación de cronicidad. Cartagena (Colombia. Un estudio comparativo

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Amparo Montalvo Prieto

2008-01-01

Conclusiones: Se encontró heterogeneidad entre las características de los cuidadores de personas que conviven con el virus del VIH y los tres grupos de cuidadores restantes en la ciudad de Cartagena.

Clientelismo y guerra civil en cartagena. Sobre las estrategias políticas de la élite Cartagenera, (1885-1895

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Alfonso Fernández Villa

2005-01-01

Full Text Available El siguiente artículo explora los nexos entre la participación política y la actividad empresarial de los notables de Cartagena durante el decenio siguiente a la Guerra Civil de 1885. Desde esta perspectiva se indaga por las estrategias clientelares a las que recurrieron las familias de la élite que apoyaron al movimiento regenerador de Rafael Núñez. El trabajo pretende abordar una faceta poco conocida de los empresarios decimonónicos de Cartagena. Asimismo, se ilustran aspectos del mundillo de la política como podían ser la violencia partidista, los empréstitos forzosos, las elecciones, los contratos de suministros y obras públicas, los remates de rentas del Estado, permeados por los intereses de las redes familiares

Incidence of respiratory tract sarcoidosis in southern and northern regions of Ukraine

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Gumenyuk G.L.

2014-06-01

Full Text Available We conducted a comparative survey of incidence and prevalence of pulmonary sarcoidosis in Southern (Crimean AR and Northern (Zhytomyr region regions of Ukraine by means of analysis of self-referred cases and cases, revealed at prophylactic radiological examination in 2011. The incidence of sarcoidosis in Crimea was 1.08 per 100 000 adult inhabitants; the prevalence was 4,59 per 100 000. In Zhytomyr region the incidence value (2,62 per 100 000 exceeded an equivalent value in Crimea by 2,4 times. The prevalence (7,86 per 100 000 was also higher than in Crimea by 1,7 times. Taking into account a significant impact of climate factor on sarcoidosis epidemiology, the incidence and prevalence of disease in Northern and Southern regions should be considered polar as for the regions of Ukraine. This makes it possoble to conclude that mean incidence of sarcoidosis in Ukraine ranges from 1,1 to 2,6 per 100 000 adult population, whereas the prevalence – from 4,6 to 7,9 per 100 000, which is equivalent to the level of Southern European countries.

LA DISCRIMINACIÓN RACIAL A LAS COMUNIDADES NEGRAS: ANÁLISIS DESDE EL DIARIO EL UNIVERSAL DE CARTAGENA, COLOMBIA

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Jesús Natividad Pérez Palomino

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo abordó las noticias relacionadas con las comunidades negras, principalmente referidas a la discriminación racial y racismo en la sección “Cartagena”, cronológicamente dos años (2012 y 2013. La sección “Cartagena”, la segunda en importancia en el diario El Universal, donde se recogen las principales problemáticas de la ciudad. Este análisis del discurso de los textos escritos, se ha basado en la realidad de las comunidades negras y cómo asumen el abordaje de estas noticias, principalmente la discriminación racial. Además de la concepción que tienen los periodistas, igualmente los líderes y lideresas de la comunidad. Entre los resultados se identificó que los periodistas del diario El Universal, tienen conocimientos generales sobre lo que es el racismo y la discriminación racial establecida en tres categorías tales como: desprecio, rechazo y exclusión. En el período de la investigación, el Diario Universal en la sección Cartagena desarrolló 67 noticias relacionadas con la comunidad negra de las cuales solamente 9 abordaron sobre la discriminación racial. Summary This article addressed the news related to black communities, mainly regarding racial discrimination and racism in the "Cartagena" section, based chronologically on two years: 2012 and 2013. The "Cartagena" section is the second largest in the newspaper El Universal, where the main problems of the city are collected. This discourse analysis of written texts, has been based on the realities of black communities and how they assume these news, particularly racial discrimination. As well as the conception that the journalists and leaders from the community have. Among the results we identified that the journalists of the newspaper El Universal, have general knowledge about what is racism and racial discrimination, and it’s established in three categories such as: hatred, rejection and exclusion. In the period of investigation, the Universal

Wind energy resource atlas. Volume 8. The southern Rocky Mountain region

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Andersen, S.R.; Freeman, D.L.; Hadley, D.L.; Elliott, D.L.; Barchet, W.R.; George, R.L.

1981-03-01

The Southern Rocky Mountain atlas assimilates five collections of wind resource data: one for the region and one for each of the four states that compose the Southern Rocky Mountain region (Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah). At the state level, features of the climate, topography and wind resource are discussed in greater detail than is provided in the regional discussion, and the data locations on which the assessment is based are mapped. Variations, over several time scales, in the wind resource at selected stations in each state are shown on graphs of monthly average and interannual wind speed and power, and hourly average wind speed for each season. Other graphs present speed, direction, and duration frequencies of the wind at these locations.

Dental Services Satisfaction and Perceived Quality in a School-Based Clinic in Cartagena, Colombia

OpenAIRE

Lora-Salgado, Irene Margarita; Tirado-Amador, Lesbia Rosa; Montoya-Mendoza, Jorge Luis; Simancas-Pallares, Miguel Angel

2016-01-01

Objective: to describe the level of quality and perception of satisfaction in attended users from a school-based dental clinic in Cartagena, Colombia. Methods: we performed a cross-sectional study in 277 patients. For data collection we applied a structured and self-administered survey asking for demographic, clinic attention topics and specific questions regarding quality and services satisfaction. Data analysis was performed through descriptive statistics with frequencies, proportions and 9...

Higiene y ciencia sanitaria en Cartagena a comienzos del siglo XX

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Álvaro León Casas Orrego

2008-09-01

Full Text Available En pleno comienzo de la modernización de las estructuras urbanas de las principales ciudades de Colombia y en un momento en el que Cartagena enfrentaba retos como el del aumento de población y el crecimiento de su perímetro urbano, la ciudad tenía la enorme desventaja de no contar con agua suficiente para ofrecer mínimas condiciones de salubridad para sus habitantes y visitantes y las aguas usadas contaminaban calles y espacios públicos, estancándose junto con las basuras en pestilentes muladares...

Assessing environmental quality status by integrating chemical and biological effect data : The Cartagena coastal zone as a case

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Martínez-Gómez, Concepción; Fernández, Beatriz; Robinson, Craig D.; Campillo, J. Antonio; León, Víctor M.; Benedicto, José; Hylland, Ketil; Vethaak, A. Dick

Cartagena coastal zone (W Mediterranean) was chosen for a practical case study to investigate the suitability of an integrated indicator framework for marine monitoring and assessment of chemicals and their effects, which was developed by ICES and OSPAR. Red mullet (Mullus barbatus) and the

ACADEMIC STRESS IN STUDENTS FROM HEALTH DEPARTMENTS IN A PUBLIC UNIVERSITY OF CARTAGENA-COLOMBIA

OpenAIRE

Montalvo-Prieto Amparo; Blanco-Blanco Katerin; Cantillo-Martínez Neyi; Castro-González Yuldor; Downs-Bryan Agatha; Romero-Villadiego Eliana

2015-01-01

Introduction: stress is a factor that influences in the quality of life and performance of the individual. It appears when a person identifies dangerous situations that exceeds its own resources and endanger its own being-well. Objective: to describe the stress level in university students from health departments in Cartagena-Colombia. Methods: a descriptive study was carried out in 266 female students chosen by random probabilistic sampling from departments of Nursing, Dent...

Representaciones sociales sobre la higiene oral de los niños menores de cinco años que asisten a la clínica Cartagena de Indias Universidad del Sinú y Universidad de Cartagena

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Farith González M.

2013-10-01

Full Text Available ResumenObjetivo: Describir las representaciones sociales sobre la higiene oral de los niños menores de cinco años que asisten a la clínica del escolar de la Universidad del Sinú Cartagena. Metodología: enfoque cualitativo tipo etnográfico. Se seleccionaron 12 familias de los niños menores de 5 años que asisten a la clínica odontológica Cartagena de indias. Para la recolección de la información se utilizó la observación, la entrevista individual y la entrevista de grupos focales en las personas responsables del cuidado de los niños. Resultados: la población se encuentra muy limitada por el aspecto económico, reflejándose en la obtención de pocos elementos de higiene oral. Además, el conocimiento que han adquirido sobre las técnicas del cepillado es memorizado, notándose la influencia de los medios de comunicación y las actividades de promoción y prevención tradicionales. Por otra parte se resalta la escasa supervisión de los padres en las prácticas de higiene oral de sus niños. Conclusiones: la información sobre higiene oral que reciben estas familias no les ha servido para cambiar su conducta hacia hábitos de higiene oral saludables. Por esto es fundamental estudiar a los padres ya que son ellos los responsables de impulsar las acciones para la salud oral de sus hijos. (Duazary 2009 I: 38-47AbstractObjectives: To describe the social representations on the oral hygiene of children under five who attend the school clinic at the University of Cartagena Sinú. Methodology: Qualitative ethnographic approach. We selected 12 families of children under age 5 who attend dental practice Cartagena de Indias. For data collection was used observation, interviews and meetings with focus groups in the persons responsible for childcare. Results: The population is severely limited by the economic aspect, reflected in obtaining a few elements of oral hygiene. In addition, the knowledge they have acquired on the techniques of brushing

Volunteer Administration Leadership Proficiency and Leadership Styles: Perceptions of Southern Region 4-H County Faculty

Science.gov (United States)

Stedman, Nicole L. P.; Rudd, Rick D.

2005-01-01

Volunteers play an integral role in supporting the mission of 4-H programs in the southern region. For this reason their proficiency in volunteer administration competence and perceived leadership style is important. The researchers sought to examine both the perceived proficiency of 4-H faculty in the southern region in seven competencies…

Los circuitos del agua y la higiene urbana en la ciudad de Cartagena a comienzos del siglo XX Water pipelines conduits and urban sanitation in Cartagena in the beginning of the twentieth century

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Álvaro León Casas Orrego

2000-10-01

Full Text Available Cartagena de Indias, puerto en el Caribe colombiano, convivió durante su historia con la desventaja de no poder ofrecer condiciones de salubridad a sus habitantes y visitantes. La falta de un acueducto y de un sistema de alcantarillado fueron obstáculos para el progreso de la ciudad. Estos problemas provocaron, casi por cuarenta años (1890-1930, un sinnúmero de discursos de medicalización formulados por científicos, técnicos y políticos. El aporte de Cartagena a la solución del problema de la higiene de las ciudades consistió en aprovechar el saber del ingeniero. La construcción del equipamiento urbano, a comienzos del siglo XX, requirió la presencia de un conocimiento más técnico que planteara una solución integral para el problema del agua, garantizando abastecimiento suficiente y eficiente evacuación. Así, en el último cambio de siglo, el médico deja de ser la única autoridad en los asuntos de regulación de la vida urbana. Las obras que demandan al ingeniero y lo involucran en la salubridad pública producen una distinción entre "higiene" y "ciencia sanitaria".Throughout its history, Cartagena de Indias, a seaport in the Colombian Caribbean, has been handicapped for not offering salubrious conditions to its people and visitors. The lack of an aqueduct and a sewerage system was an impairment to progress. For nearly forty years (1890-1930 these problems have caused a myriad of medical discourses formulated by scientists, technicians and politicians. Cartagena’s contribution to solve the sanitation problem in cities has consisted in making use of engineers’ knowledge. The construction of urban facilities in the beginning of the twentieth century required a more technical knowledge, one which would advance a comprehensive solution to the water problem, ensure sufficient supply and efficient drainage. Thus, in the last turn of the century, the medical doctor is no longer the only authoritative voice when it comes to the

Pobreza, racismo y competitividad. El ordenamiento urbano neoliberal en Cartagena de Indias

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Dairo Sánchez Mojica

2015-01-01

Full Text Available El art culo propone un an lisis del discurso neoliberal sobre la plani caci n del ordenamiento urbano de Cartagena de Indias. Pa ra ello, se vale de la categor a de intertextualidad para ex- plorar las articulaciones que relacionan la prensa escrita nacional con algunos instrumentos de plani caci n urbana. Esto le permite indagar por sus efectos pol ticos de verdad sobre la gesti n gubernamental de la pobreza. Concluye que las implicaciones pol ticas de nombrar la pobreza a partir del orden discursivo neoliberal tienen que ver con el gobierno de las fuerzas creativas del cuerpo social.

EL PORQUE DE UNA EDUCACIÓN INTEGRAL EN LA UNIVERSIDAD DE CARTAGENA

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Marcela Currea Galvis

2001-08-01

Full Text Available La educación universitaria, como continuo de un desarrollo intelectual, de adquisición de una disciplina, un saber especifico, y una integralidad del ser, le compete a la Universidad de Cartagena como institución de educación superior; por lo cual debe plantearse con claridad, si el cumplimiento de la misión señalada por ella, responde a las necesidades reales, DE FORMACION INTEGRAL, del estudiante; atiende a los propósitos sociales de la nación y a los retos del momento histórico en el cual se encuentra inmersa.

Prácticas alternativas de cuidado para asma, por padres de niños atendidos en un hospital de Cartagena

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Irma Yolanda Castillo Ávila

2013-10-01

Full Text Available Title: Practical alternative care for asthma, for parents of children treated at a hospital in Cartagena.ResumenObjetivos: Caracterizar las prácticas alternativas de cuidado que realizan los padres de niños asmáticos lactantes y preescolares atendidos en una institución hospitalaria de Cartagena. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo. La población fue de 354 padres de niños asmáticos lactantes y preescolares residentes en Cartagena, que asistieron a consulta o acompañaban durante la hospitalización. Se estimó un tamaño de muestra de 214 cuidadores; se realizó un muestreo aleatorio simple. Para la recolección de información se aplicó la ficha técnica de investigación de campo test AIEPI No 2, previo consentimiento informado. Se utilizó el programa Microsoft Excel para el análisis descriptivo de datos. Resultados: Participaron 205 padres de niños asmáticos. Para la tos y los silbidos la práctica alternativa biológica más utilizada (23.0% fue la combinación de cebolla, ajo, sábila, y edulcorantes; para la disnea, la combinación de eucalipto, panela y edulcorantes (20.0%. El principal motivo para utilizar prácticas alternativas fue la recomendación de abuelas (33.5 %. Conclusión: La mayoría de los padres de este estudio realizan prácticas alternativas biológicas, complementarias a los tratamientos médicos convencionales. Las sustancias más usadas son cebolla, ajo, sábila, eucalipto y panela. (DUAZARY 2012 No. 1, 15 - 24AbstractTo evaluate alternative practices of care by parents of infants and preschool children with asthma treated at a hospital in Cartagena. Descriptive study. 354 parents of infant and child preschool with asthma living in Cartagena, attending or accompanying consultation during hospitalization was population. A sample size of 214 caregivers was considered. For data collection sheet field research test IMCI No 2, prior informed consent was applied. We used Microsoft Excel for

Determinantes de la demanda por turismo hacia Cartagena, 1987-1998

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Luis Armando Galvis,

1999-07-01

Full Text Available El presente documento se propone estudiar los factores que determinan la demanda de turismo nacional e internacional hacia la ciudad de Cartagena. Se evalúa el papel de la tasa de cambio real, utilizada como proxy de los precios relativos, y la capacidad de gasto nacional y extranjera, medida por el producto interno bruto (PIB, como determinante de la demanda turística. A partir de un modelo de cointegración estacional se concluye que la demanda de turismo es elástica al ingreso. También se encuentra que la demanda extranjera presenta una alta elasticidad precio, con lo cual la revaluación y los aumentos en los precios domésticos motivan una reducción en el gasto.

Africa burning: A thematic analysis of the Southern African Regional Science Initiative (SAFARI 2000)

Science.gov (United States)

Swap, Robert J.; Annegarn, Harold J.; Suttles, J. Timothy; King, Michael D.; Platnick, Steven; Privette, Jeffrey L.; Scholes, Robert J.

2003-07-01

The Southern African Regional Science Initiative (SAFARI 2000) was a major surface, airborne, and spaceborne field campaign carried out in southern Africa in 2000 and 2001 that addressed a broad range of phenomena related to land-atmosphere interactions and the biogeochemical functioning of the southern African system. This paper presents a thematic analysis and integration of the Journal of Geophysical Research SAFARI 2000 Special Issue, presenting key findings of an intensive field campaign over southern Africa in August and September of 2000. The integrating themes deal with surface emissions characterization; airborne characterizations of aerosols and trace gases; regional haze and trace gas characterization; and radiant measurements by surface, aircraft, and remote sensing platforms. Enhanced regional fuel loads associated with the moist La Niña phase of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle produced above average biomass burning emissions, which consequently dominated all other aerosol and trace gas emissions during the dry season. Southward transport of a broad plume of smoke originating in equatorial Africa and exiting off the east coast toward the Indian Ocean (the river of smoke) is attributed to unusual synoptic airflows associated the ENSO phase. New and revised biogenic and pyrogenic emission factors are reported, including a number of previously unreported oxygenated organic compounds and inorganic compounds from biomass combustion. Emission factors are scaled up to regional emission surfaces for biogenic species utilizing species specific and light-dependent emission factors. Fire scar estimates reveal contradictory information on the timing of the peak and extent of the biomass-burning season. Integrated tall stack coordinated measurements (between ground, airborne and remotely sensing platforms) of upwelling and downwelling radiation in massive thick aerosol layers covering much of southern Africa yield consistent estimates of large

Contextos cerámicos de los siglos V-VII en Cartagena

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Ramallo Asensio, Sebastián F.

1996-12-01

Full Text Available The excavations realized in the Roman theatre of Cartagena have documented a wide stratigraphie sequence with covers levels from IInd century B.C. to today. The material contexts of Vth to VIIth B.C. are specially interesting because they were associated with considerable removals of the town planning. The construction of a comercial site in the second half of the Vth century, markets and stores, built on a big exedra with portico and 15 divisions in line, represents the total use of the theatre, the structures of which became fossilized, in part, in a new shape. A village of Byzantin age was built over both constructions, characterized with quadrangular rooms which alternates with opened public spaces and irregular streets adjusted to the artificial and inclined topography dependent on the precedent constructions.Las excavaciones realizadas en el teatro romano de Cartagena han documentado una amplia secuencia estratigráfica que abarca desde niveles del siglo II a. de C. hasta nuestros días. Especialmente interesantes son los contextos materiales de los siglos V al VII, asociados a profundas remociones de carácter urbanístico. La construcción en la segunda mitad del siglo V de un complejo comercial, mercado/almacén, estructurado sobre una gran exedra porticada y una serie de 15 compartimentos alineados, representa la amortización total del edificio del teatro cuyas estructuras en parte fosiliza el nuevo conjunto. Encima de ambas construcciones se construyó un barrio de época bizantina caracterizado por habitaciones de forma cuadrangular que alternan con espacios comunes abiertos y calles de trazado irregular adaptadas a la topografía artificial y en pendiente impuesta por las construcciones precedentes.

Southern African Regional Science Initiative (SAFARI 2000): wet season campaigns

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Otter, LB

2002-03-01

Full Text Available The Southern African Regional Science Initiative (SAFARI 2000) involved two wet season and one dry season field campaigns. This paper reports on the wet season campaigns. The first was conducted at five sites along the Kalahari Transect in Zambia...

Oceans around Southern Africa and regional effects of global change

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Lutjeharms, JRE

2001-03-01

Full Text Available In the last few decades, a great deal of work has been carried out on the nature of the oceanic circulation around southern Africa. Attempts have been made to determine regional ocean-atmosphere interactions and the effect of changing sea...

Algunos aspectos hereditarios y ambientales en casos de fibrosis quística en la ciudad de Cartagena (Colombia

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Dacia Malambo

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivos: Describir las características de la transmisión hereditaria de la enfermedad en familias de la ciudad de Cartagena (Colombia y analizar algunos factores medioambientales del núcleo familiar de los pacientes que pudieran influir en la evolución y/o severidad de la patología. Materiales y métodos: Se estudiaron 22 pacientes, distribuidos en 16 familias, del “Programa de atención integral a pacientes con fibrosis quística” de la Universidad de Cartagena. Se recopiló información acerca de las condiciones de vivienda del grupo familiar y se evaluaron aspectos fenotípicos hereditarios, y se construyeron genealogías para esta enfermedad. Resultados: El análisis de pedigríes reveló lo siguiente: en ocho familias (67%, los individuos afectados presentan rasgos caucásicos; en cinco familias (42% se reconoce existencia de ancestros europeos; en dos familias (17% existe consaguinidad. En relación con el aspecto ambiental, se encontró que 33% de las familias estudiadas habitan viviendas en malas condiciones. Conclusiones: Entre las familias de los pacientes con fibrosis quística de la ciudad de Cartagena detectados en este estudio se verifica la transmisión hereditaria autosómica recesiva, se confirma el mestizaje de nuestras poblaciones. La reincidencia de enfermos y la consanguinidad en varias familias denota la falta de asesoramiento genético y el desconocimiento de la evolución de la enfermedad por su grupo familiar. Estos resultados pueden ser el punto de partida de estudios más amplios que sirvan de fundamento para la implementación de políticas tendientes a reducir la frecuencia y severidad de la enfermedad a nivel local y nacional.

Evaluating the Competitiveness of the Northern and Southern Macro-Regions of Italy

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Lucia Aquilino

2016-07-01

Full Text Available This study uses the Crouch and Ritchie (1999 model of competitiveness to investigate/measure the competitiveness of northern and southern Italian macro-regions. Researching competitive advantages along with identifying strengths/weaknesses represent the objectives of this study. 156 responses were analysed, and findings show that northern regions tend to be more competitive than southern regions. While naturally endowed and created resources represent strengths in both regions, the competitiveness of all the determinant factors included in the tourism development, planning and policy of both tourist destinations are found to be quite inadequate. Moreover, the findings revealed that these mature destinations are experiencing the effects unleashed by a number of trends such as the development of new forms of tourism, the increasing number of tourist arrivals, the growth of the global economy and the sophistication of tourists’ tastes, representing both opportunities and threats that Italian destinations need to consider when planning/developing new strategies.

Machismo, public health and sexuality-related stigma in Cartagena.

Science.gov (United States)

Quevedo-Gómez, María Cristina; Krumeich, Anja; Abadía-Barrero, César Ernesto; Pastrana-Salcedo, Eduardo; van den Borne, Hubertus

2012-01-01

This paper reports on an ethnographic study in Cartagena, Colombia. Over a seven-month fieldwork period, 35 men and 35 women between 15 and 60 years of age discussed the social context of HIV/AIDS through in-depth interviews, life histories and drawing. Participants considered the transgression of traditional gender roles as prescribed by machismo a major risk factor for HIV infection. In addition, they integrated public-health concepts of risk groups with these long-standing constructions of gender roles and sexuality-related stigma to create the notion of 'AIDS carriers'. The bricolage between machismo, public health and sexuality-related stigma that participants created and consequent preventive measures (based on an avoidance of sex with people identified as 'AIDS carriers') was a dynamic process in which participants were aware that changes in this particular interpretation of risk were necessary to confront the local epidemic.

CHARACTERIZATION OF PATIENTS WITH ENDOVASCULAR TREATMENT OF DISSECTING ANEURYSMS OF POSTERIOR CEREBRAL CIRCULATION IN CARTAGENA DE INDIAS

OpenAIRE

Rueda-Tamayo Leidy; Almeida-Pérez Rafael; De la Rosa-Manjarrez Ginna; Orozco-Gómez Fernando; Carrasquilla-Meléndez Rubén

2015-01-01

Introduction: the intracraneal aneurysms are local and permanent dilations in the artery. Objective: to describe the clinical, imagenologic and effectiveness of endovascular treatment in terms of its independence and mortality in patients with dissecting aneurysms of posterior cerebral circulation in Cartagena. Methods: a descriptive study was carried out with patients 18 years or older with a diagnosis of dissecting aneurysms of posterior cerebral circulation who received ...

Caracterización clínica del dengue en un hospital infantil de Cartagena (Colombia

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Diana Gómez Marrugo

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Caracterizar las manifestaciones clínicas del dengue en pacientes pediátricos en una institución de salud de tercer nivel de Cartagena (Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo por revisión de historias clínicas de pacientes hospitalizados por dengue en el Hospital Infantil Napoleón Franco Pareja de la ciudad de Cartagena. Se evaluaron 136 niños con cuadros febriles agudos de etiología inaparente. Se utilizaron pruebas serológicas para confirmar la infección por el virus del dengue. Resultados: Se analizaron 98 casos de niños hospitalizados con diagnóstico de dengue. La edad osciló entre menores de 6 meses a 16 años, siendo el rango de edades con mayor frecuencia de la enfermedad de 10 a 16 años (33,7 %. Los signos y síntomas más frecuentes fueron: exantema (49,0 %, mialgia (35,7 %, cefalea (33,7 %, artralgia (33,7 %, anorexia (24,5 %, torniquete (19,4%, prurito (11,2 %, escalofrío (8,2 %, eritema facial (7,1 % y dolor retroocular (6,1 %. Conclusiones: La edad continúa siendo el factor predominante en la gravedad intrahospitalaria del dengue. Por lo tanto, se necesitan con urgencia medidas preventivas en la población pediátrica.

Emergentes concepciones de ciudad patrimonio a partir del Mercado de Bazurto de Cartagena de Indias: de la ciudad perfecta a la ciudad diversa

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Luis Ricardo Navarro Díaz

2012-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del siguiente artículo expone algunas reflexiones conceptuales, que sobre ciudad y patrimonio es posible plantear desde el Mercado Público de Bazurto ubicado en la ciudad de Cartagena de Indias-Colombia. Se trata de analizar los cambios existentes entre la concepción de la ciudad privada que se vende, de la ciudad arquitectónicamente concebida desde lo español a la ciudad de las múltiples voces, a la ciudad que es capaz de definirse a sí misma, a la ciudad del caos y la imperfección. El documento presenta como propuesta la postulación de una ciudad educadora pertinente para asumir la posibilidad del cambio y apropiación patrimonial de espacios como el Mercado de Bazurto de Cartagena.

Challenges of transfrontier conservation areas: Natural resources nationalism, security and regionalism in the southern African development community region

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Oswell Rusinga

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Transfrontier Conservation Areas (TFCAs initiatives in the Southern African Development Community (SADC region offer hope for providing a mechanism for resolving political tensions and conflicts which are not only related to environmental issues but to security concerns as well. The geopolitical implications of TFCAs in the SADC region cannot be overemphasised with regard to international relations and regional integration. The SADS region is characterised by histories of contested military balance of power and geopolitical rivalries which have a potential to degenerate into military confrontation. Although there is a strong belief in multilateral co-operation among SADC member countries, most of them often engage the international community at the bilateral level. Moreover, there is disharmony in constitutional applications of the rule of law, respect of human rights and good governance. However, TFCAs initiatives in Southern Africa have been seen as offering an opportunity to heal the wounds of pre- and post-independence wars of destabilisation through the encouragement of inter-state collaboration and co-operation by giving governments an opportunity for mutual action on issues of common interest.

Analysis of methods for evaluating environmental costs: a view from environmental accounting research. case: construction of highway, vía al mar Cartagena-Barranquilla section 1

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José Julio Vergara Arrieta

2016-11-01

Full Text Available This document is the first breakthrough in the research project entitled “Measurement and assessment of social and environmental costs of Dual Carriageway Vía al Mar Cartagena- Barranquilla section 1 Barrio Crespo – Entrance Villages Tierra Baja and Puerto Rey” funded by the University of San Buenaventura Cartagena. In it the conclusions of the search and theoretical-critical analysis of the different methods, methodologies or techniques that address the issue of valuation of environmental quality in order to develop the first approaches to valuation exercise environmental costs are collected. The position for the present analysis is adopted from an investigative standpoint of accounting field, based on performing and / or environmental reality heterodox approaches.

Factores asociados a la prevalencia de tuberculosis en el distrito de Cartagena

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Irma Yolanda Castillo Ávila

2013-08-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: determinar los factores asociados a la prevalencia de tuberculosis en el Distrito de Cartagena. Metodología: se realizó un estudio analítico de casos y controles. La población objeto de estudio estuvo constituida por 240 personas diagnosticadas con tuberculosis en Cartagena. Se definió como caso toda persona ingresada al programa de control de tuberculosis del Distrito. Se realizó control comunitario a vecinos cercanos en la misma localidad, del mismo sexo, con más o menos cinco años de edad que el caso, quienes nunca habían padecido la enfermedad y sin síntomas respiratorios. Se almacenó los datos en el programa estadístico SPSSS versión 20.0, se calcularon razones de disparidad para estimar la relación entre variables. Resultados: participaron del estudio 303 personas (101 casos y 202 controles. Con un promedio de edad de 35.7 años (DE=17.9, para casos y 40.3 años (DE=20.3 para controles. Se encontraron como factores asociados a la presencia de tuberculosis el estado de vacunación con BCG (OR=0.11 IC 95% 0.05 - 0.22, tener pareja estable (OR= 0.54 IC 95% 0.30 - 0.96 y el antecedente familiar de Tuberculosis. (OR=20.97 IC 95%: 6.26 - 70.24. Conclusiones: el fortalecimiento de los programas de promoción y prevención de tuberculosis a nivel comunitario y familiar, puede mejorar el estado de salud de los individuos. La aplicación de prácticas como la vacunación de niños y niñas y las medidas preventivas en el hogar son necesarias para prevenir la aparición de la enfermedad.

The wind forecasting improvement project. Description and results from the Southern study region

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Freedman, Jeffrey [AWS Truepower LLC, Albany, NY (United States); Benjamin, Stan; Wilczak, James [National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Washington, DC and Boulder, CO (United States)] [and others

2012-07-01

The Wind Forecasting Improvement Project (WFIP) is a multi-year U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)/National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) sponsored study whose main purpose is to demonstrate the scientific and economic benefits of additional atmospheric observations and model enhancements on wind energy production forecasts. WFIP covers two geographical regions of the U.S.: (1) the upper Great Plains, or Northern Study Area, and (2) most of Texas-the Southern Study Area. The Southern campaign is being led by AWS Truepower LLC, and includes a team of private, government, and academic partners with collective experience and expertise in all facets required to ensure a successful completion of the project. In addition presenting a summary of the state-of-the-art forecasting techniques used and phenomena-based analysis mentioned above, a brief synopsis of how ''lessons learned'' from the WFIP Southern Study Area can be articulated and applied to other wind resource regions will be described. (orig.)

Scientific collaboration in the Danish-German border region of Southern Jutland-Schleswig

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Makkonen, Teemu

2015-01-01

This paper investigates the geographical and organizational patterns of scientific collaboration, in terms of co-authored scientific articles, in the Danish-German border region of Southern Jutland-Schleswig. The motivation behind the approach lies in the fact that scientific collaboration...... of co-authored publications and, thus, the knowledge infrastructure of the border region can be considered as weakly integrated....

Litterfall production under pine plantations in the southern Andes region of Ecuador

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Pablo Quichimbo

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Litterfall research is an interesting aspect in environmental studies due to its significance in nutrient cycling specially in regions like the Andes where the interactions between biomass production and its decomposition is poorly understood. This study is focusing in the litterfall biomass production under pine plantations in southern Ecuador. The litterfall production was studied for five months at two-week intervals in three pine forest sites located in the southern Andes region of Ecuador. Monthly litterfall production ranged between 1067-1907 kg ha-1, in comparison with other coniferous stands around the world, this study revealed a higher litterfall production for tropical areas and particularly the highest production under pine plantations in the Andes region. This high litterfall production highlights the upmost importance of this forest component as a potential nutrient reservoir involved in the global nutrient cycling under landscapes dominated by this exotic forest specie in the tropical Andes.

The Southern H ii Region Discovery Survey (SHRDS): Pilot Survey

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brown, C.; Dickey, John M. [School of Physical Sciences, Private Bag 37, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7001 (Australia); Jordan, C. [International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6845 (Australia); Anderson, L. D.; Armentrout, W. P. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University, P.O. Box 6315, Morgantown, WV 26506 (United States); Balser, Dana S.; Wenger, Trey V. [National Radio Astronomy Observatory, 520 Edgemont Road, Charlottesville, VA 22904 (United States); Bania, T. M. [Institute for Astrophysical Research, Department of Astronomy, Boston University, 725 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215 (United States); Dawson, J. R. [Department of Physics and Astronomy and MQ Research Centre in Astronomy, Astrophysics and Astrophotonics, Macquarie University, NSW, 2109 (Australia); Mc Clure-Griffiths, N. M. [Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2611 (Australia)

2017-07-01

The Southern H ii Region Discovery Survey is a survey of the third and fourth quadrants of the Galactic plane that will detect radio recombination line (RRL) and continuum emission at cm-wavelengths from several hundred H ii region candidates using the Australia Telescope Compact Array. The targets for this survey come from the WISE Catalog of Galactic H ii Regions and were identified based on mid-infrared and radio continuum emission. In this pilot project, two different configurations of the Compact Array Broad Band receiver and spectrometer system were used for short test observations. The pilot surveys detected RRL emission from 36 of 53 H ii region candidates, as well as seven known H ii regions that were included for calibration. These 36 recombination line detections confirm that the candidates are true H ii regions and allow us to estimate their distances.

The Southern H ii Region Discovery Survey (SHRDS): Pilot Survey

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brown, C.; Dickey, John M.; Jordan, C.; Anderson, L. D.; Armentrout, W. P.; Balser, Dana S.; Wenger, Trey V.; Bania, T. M.; Dawson, J. R.; Mc Clure-Griffiths, N. M.

2017-01-01

The Southern H ii Region Discovery Survey is a survey of the third and fourth quadrants of the Galactic plane that will detect radio recombination line (RRL) and continuum emission at cm-wavelengths from several hundred H ii region candidates using the Australia Telescope Compact Array. The targets for this survey come from the WISE Catalog of Galactic H ii Regions and were identified based on mid-infrared and radio continuum emission. In this pilot project, two different configurations of the Compact Array Broad Band receiver and spectrometer system were used for short test observations. The pilot surveys detected RRL emission from 36 of 53 H ii region candidates, as well as seven known H ii regions that were included for calibration. These 36 recombination line detections confirm that the candidates are true H ii regions and allow us to estimate their distances.

Los cuidadores de pacientes con Alzheimer y su habilidad de cuidado, en la ciudad de Cartagena

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AMPARO ASTRID MONTALVO PRIETO

2007-12-01

Full Text Available El estudio estableció las características y la habilidad de cuidado del cuidador familiar principal del paciente con Alzheimer en la ciudad de Cartagena. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de abordaje cuantitativo a 84 cuidadores de pacientes con Alzheimer, en la ciudad de Cartagena y pueblos aledaños, de diferente género y estrato social, que acuden como usuarios a la institución hospitalaria Fundación Instituto de Rehabilitación del Epiléptico (FIRE. Los instrumentos utilizados, "Inventario de la habilidad de cuidado (CAI" de Ngozi Nkongho, cuya confiabilidad se validó en su versión al español, permitió hacer la medición de la dimensiones conocimiento, valor y paciencia de la habilidad de cuidado de los cuidadores familiares, y caracterizarlos con la encuesta "Caracterización de los cuidadores". Los hallazgos confirman lo expuesto en la literatura acerca de las similitudes que presentan los cuidadores en cuanto a género, edad, relación familiar y la baja habilidad de los cuidadores familiares relacionadas con el conocimiento, el valor y la paciencia en el cuidado de los pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer. Los resultados sugieren la necesidad de fortalecer en los cuidado-res familiares la habilidad de cuidado en las tres dimensiones, mediante la organización de grupos de apoyo

TRANSFERÊNCIA DE POLÍTICA: DO PROTOCOLO DE CARTAGENA À POLÍTICA NACIONAL DE BIOSSEGURANÇA

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Ana Lucia Malheiros Guedes

2012-12-01

Full Text Available O processo de globalização das últimas décadas evidenciou que as atividades estatais no âmbito internacional são desagregadas em favor de uma estrutura de relações entre diferentes atores que operam em um contexto global. Destacamos dentro deste contexto de globalização, aspectos relevantes de governança global, mais especificamente, a transferência de política, na qual a formulação de políticas públicas é influenciada por experiências de contextos políticos distintos. Dada a carência de estudos no Brasil voltados para este tema, este ensaio está focado em um dos instrumentos de governança - a transferência de política. A análise de um modelo de transferência por meio de pesquisa documental demonstra como o Protocolo de Cartagena influenciou a formulação e a implementação da Política Nacional de Biossegurança (PNB brasileira (com base na Lei nº 11.105 no que se refere aos alimentos transgênicos no período de 2000-2009. Os resultados analíticos revelam que houve um processo de transferência de política do Protocolo de Cartagena à PNB, no formato de aprendizado (ou lesson drawing.

[Family characteristics associated with the nutritional status of schools children in the city of Cartagena].

Science.gov (United States)

González-Pastrana, Yina; Díaz-Montes, Carmen

2015-12-01

Objective To determine the family characteristics associated with the nutritional status of school children in the city of Cartagena. Method A cross-sectional study involving a population of 104 384 children aged 6 to 10 in the city of Cartagena. Confidence levels were 95 % and prevalence levels were 5.8 % with 2 % error. The sample was 544 students. The schools were selected by proportional affixation in each of the three locations in the city, for a total of 21 schools. Later, the number of classrooms and the list of the students were requested. Children from these classrooms were randomly selected to complete the sample in each school. The tab and the family APGAR were the instruments used to assess the family characteristics as well as their family functionality. For nutritional status, anthropometric measurements were taken and evaluated in the WHO Anthro Plus program. The information was processed in the statistical package Epi info 7. Results 53.9 % of students had adequate nutritional status and 46.1 % malnutrition. The family characteristics associated with the child malnutrition by excess are: the number of family members OR 0.65 (CI: 0.4 -0.9) and family income OR 0.53 (CI: 0.3 -0.7). Meanwhile, the malnutrition by deficit was associated only with family income OR 2.08 (CI: 1.1 -3.9). Conclusion The variables that showed association with nutritional status were: income equal to or less than the minimum wage and number of family members.

Educando al buen ciudadano. Las guardias nacionales en la Provincia de Cartagena, Colombia, 1832-1857

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Flórez Bolívar, Roicer

2010-12-01

Full Text Available This article analyzes the role played by the National Guard in the Province of Cartagena in training and education of citizens between 1832 and 1857. Also, determine the social sectors that made up this institution. It supports the idea that members of this Guard, military service became a form of more direct political intervention, because during that century citizenship is closely associated with participation in the militias and because active citizen status implies the right and duty to belong to it. Similarly, the National Guard became an instrument of sociability and political pedagogy.

Este artículo analiza el papel desempeñado por la Guardia Nacional en la Provincia de Cartagena en la formación y educación de los ciudadanos entre 1832 y 1857. Asimismo, se determinan los sectores sociales que integraban esta institución. Se sostiene la idea de que para sus miembros, el servicio de las armas se convirtió en una forma de intervención política más directa, ya que durante ese siglo la ciudadanía se asociaba estrechamente con la participación en las milicias y debido a que la condición de ciudadano activo implicaba el derecho y el deber de pertenecer a ella. De igual forma, la Guardia Nacional se convirtió en un instrumento de sociabilidad y pedagogía política.

Caracterización del paciente pediatrico quemado en un hospital infantil de Cartagena (Colombia), 2015: estudio descriptivo.

OpenAIRE

herazo beltran, Yaneth; dominguez anaya, Regina; hernandez escolar, Jacqueline; Puello, ana

2015-01-01

Objective: to describe the epidemiological characteristic, clinic and the intervention giving to burn patients treated in a Cartagena Children hospital (Colombia) during theyears 2005 to 2009. Materials and Methods: this was a retrospective descriptive study; we reviewed clinical report of 423 burn patients. Analyzed the causal agent, degree of burn, location, area of total burned surface, treatment performed in the children’s Hospital and the complications, among others. Result: the 65,7% of...

Secondary forest succession and tree planting at the Laguna Cartagena and Cabo Rojo wildlife refuges in southwestern Puerto Rico

Science.gov (United States)

P.L. Weaver; J.J. Schwagerl

2008-01-01

Secondary forest succession and tree planting are contributing to the recovery of the Cabo Rojo refuge (Headquarters and Salinas tracts) and Laguna Cartagena refuge (Lagoon and Tinaja tracts) of the Fish and Wildlife Service in southwestern Puerto Rico. About 80 species, mainly natives, have been planted on 44 ha during the past 25 y in an effort to reduce the threat...

MADUREZ GONADAL DE LA ICTIOFAUNA PRESENTE EN LA BAHÍA DE CARTAGENA, CARIBE COLOMBIANO

OpenAIRE

Ospina-Arango, José F.; Pardo-Rodríguez, Fabricio I.; Álvarez-León, Ricardo

2008-01-01

Se describe el estado de madurez gonadal de algunas especies ícticas presentes en la Bahía de Cartagena. Se recolectaron 1431 individuos pertenecientes a 79 especies, durante el período de 10 meses, registrando 11 nuevas especies para el área de estudio. Se encontró una proporción hembra-macho de 1,4:1, 270 juveniles y 68 indiferenciados. De acuerdo a la distribución porcentual, se hizo una relación con respecto a la proporción hembra-macho de las 18 especies más significativas y representada...

The Southern African Regional Science Initiative (SAFARI 2000). Dry-Season Campaign: An Overview

Science.gov (United States)

Swap, R. J.; Annegarn, H. J.; Suttles, J. T.; Haywood, J.; Hely, C.; Hobbs, P. V.; Holben, B. N.; Ji, J.; King, M. D.; Bhartia, P. K. (Technical Monitor)

2002-01-01

The Southern African Regional Science Initiative (SAFARI 2000) is an international science project investigating the southern African earth-atmosphere-human system. The experiment was conducted over a two-year period March 1999 - March 2001. The dry season field campaign (August-Steptember 2000) was the most intensive activity and involving over 200 scientists from 18 different nations. The main objectives of this campaign were to characterize and quantify the biogenic, pyrogenic and anthropogenic aerosol and trace gas emissions and their transport and transformations in the atmosphere and to validate the NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) satellite Terra within a scientific context. Five aircraft, namely two South African Weather Service aircraft, University of Washington CV-580, the UK Meteorological Office C-130 and the NASA ER-2, with different altitude capabilities, participated in the campaign. Additional airborne sampling of southern African air masses that had moved downwind of the subcontinent was conducted by the CSIRO over Australia. Multiple observations were taken in various sectors for a variety of synoptic conditions. Flight missions were designed to maximize synchronous over-flights of the NASA TERRA satellite platform, above regional ground validation and science targets. Numerous smaller-scale ground validation activities took place throughout the region during the campaign period.

Plan de mejoramiento integral del Centro Educativo Víctor Cartagena de la ciudad de Cayambe.

OpenAIRE

Aguilar Pozo, Patricia Jeanneth

2009-01-01

El Plan de Mejoramiento Integral incluye cuatro capítulos correspondientes a una investigación cualitativa y cuantitativa que sea realizó dentro y fuera del Centro Educativo Víctor Cartagena. En el primer capítulo se hace un análisis de la importancia de la educación inicial y primaria; la incidencia de la calidad educativa y una breve descripción de la perspectiva de la escuela como empresa. En el segundo capitulo se expone un diagnóstico del Centro Educativo Víctor Cart...

Creencias y prácticas de la sexualidad en adolescentes embarazadas en Cartagena, Colombia - 2014

OpenAIRE

Celia Castillo Torres; Shirley González Castellar

2015-01-01

Este estudio analiza cómo las adolescentes de niveles socioeconómi - cos bajos en la ciudad de Cartagena, Colombia, han construido sus creencias y prácticas sobre la sexualidad. El diseño de la investigación es de tipo cualitativo, específicamente con un enfoque etnográfico centrado en lo que las participantes expresaron en cuanto a sus experiencias, actitudes, valores, roles, tradiciones y creencias. Igual - mente, se analizó la apropiación de conductas que generan estilos de vida y for...

Impactos do Protocolo de Cartagena sobre o Comércio de Commodities Agrícolas

OpenAIRE

Borges, Izaías de Carvalho; Silveira, Jose Maria Ferreira Jardim da; Vieira Filho, José Eustáquio; Pereira, Andrea M.

2015-01-01

O Protocolo de Cartagena sobre Biossegurança é um acordo ambiental que agrega 132 países. O Protocolo tem impactos sobre o comércio de commodities agrícolas, porque estabelece regras para o transporte entre fronteiras de organismos vivos modificados (OVMs). O Artigo 18.2(a) do Protocolo refere-se às formas de identificação dos OVMs nos carregamentos de commodities agrícolas. O fato de que os principais países exportadores de grãos também sejam produtores de cultivares geneticamente modificado...

CO J=2-1 observations toward southern HII regions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Martin, R.N.; Ruf, K.; Wilson, T.L.; Zimmermann, P.; Emerson, D.T.

1983-01-01

A spectral line receiver system developed at the Max-Planck-Institut fuer Radioastronomie in Bonn was installed on the ESO 3.6-m and 1-m telescopes in July 1981. The cooled mixer front end gave DSB receiver temperatures of 260-600 K at 230 GHz. The spectrometer was a 256 x 1 MHz filterbank. The authors have observed the CO 2-1 transition towards 42 positions corresponding to the brightest southern HII regions. (Auth.)

An Account of Translation of Relics: the Writings of Alonso de Cartagena

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Luis Fernández Gallardo

2018-01-01

Full Text Available The narratives of translation of relics is a genre of devotional literature that didn´t develop extensively in Medieval Castile. But Alonso de Cartagena contributed to it remarkably. In 1453, during a pastoral visit, he decided to move the relics of St. Juliana to a more honorable place. He wrote an account of these facts that adjusts strictly to the features of the genre. This vernacular text contains an exposition about the cult of saints and their relics, which has an intense Thomist inspiration: it sets theological questions with precision and clarity. The provisions on the decoration of the chapel of the relics offer an interesting testimony of the debate on religious image which is then developed in Castile.

Stature and Its Estimation Utilizing Arm Span Measurements of both gender Adolescents from Southern Region in Kosovo

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Fitim Arifi

2018-06-01

Full Text Available This study is based on measurements of Southern region Kosovan adolescents. The aim of this study was to examine the stature of adolescents from Southern region as well relationship between arm span and stature in both Kosovar genders. A total measured subject participated in this research was 225 out of which (105 girls and 120 boys, females average of age is 18.36±0.50 years old (range 18-20 years and for male 18.40±0.55 years old (range 18-20 years.The anthropometric measurements were done by trained people and were taken according to the ISAK manual. Relationship between stature and arm span has been analyzed by the simple correlation coeffi cient at a 95% confi dence interval. The linear regression analysis was carried out to examine extent to which arm span can reliably predict of stature. Statistical importance was placed at level p<0.05. As a result anthropometric measurements for both sexes showed that the average of stature for boys adolescents from Southern region are 178.60±5.73 centimeters and have the arm span average of 180.92±6.92 centimeters, while girls from Southern 165.33±4.45 centimeters tall, and have the arm span average of 165.60±6.03 centimeters. The results have shown that the arm span was estimated as a reliable indicator of stature assessment to the both genders adolescents from Southern region of Kosovo population. This study also confi rms the necessity for developing separate height models for each region in Kosovo.

Body Height and its Estimation Utilizing Arm Span Measurements in Male Adolescents from Southern Region in Montenegro

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Rajko Milašinović

2016-06-01

Full Text Available The purpose of this study was to examine the body height in Montenegrin male adolescents from southern region as well as the relationship between arm span as an alternative to estimating the body height, which would vary from region to region in Montenegro. Our investigation analyses 87 male adolescents from the southern region in Montenegro. The anthropometric measurements were taken according to the protocol of the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK. Means and standard deviations regarding the anthropometric measurements were obtained. The relationships between body height and arm span were determined using simple correlation coefficients and their 95% confidence interval. Then a linear regression analysis was performed to examine the extent to which the arm span can reliably predict body height. The results displayed that male Southern-Montenegrins are 182.53±7.53 cm tall and have an arm span of 184.55±9.03 cm. Compared to other studies, the results of this study have shown that this gender made Southern- Montenegrins the tall population, taller than most of nation around the Europe. On the other hand, expectably, the arm span reliably predicts body height in this gender. However, the estimation equations which have been obtained in Southern-Montenegrins are, different alike in general population, since arm span was closer to body heights (2.03±1.50 cm, more than in general population. Hence, this study also confirms the necessity for developing separate height models for each region in Montenegro.

El cuidador familiar del paciente renal y su calidad de vida, Cartagena (Colombia

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Elizabeth Romero Massa

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Determinar la calidad de vida percibida por el cuidador familiar del paciente con insuficiencia renal crónica en Cartagena. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo; se estudió a cuidadores de pacientes renales que asistían a instituciones prestadoras de servicios de hemodiálisis y diálisis peritoneal en Cartagena. Se estimó una muestra de 225 cuidadores, escogidos en forma aleatoria. La medición de calidad de vida se realizó mediante el instrumento propuesto por Ferrel. Se utilizó el programa estadístico informático de las ciencias sociales para Windows (SPSS 15,0 y los resultados fueron expresados en medidas de tendencia central, media y desviación estándar. Resultados: Participaron 225 cuidadores, 75,1 % en rangos entre 36 a 59 años de edad, 76,9 % femenino. En los cuidadores, el bienestar físico tuvo una media der 9.0, por debajo del promedio, una desviación estándar de 2,4. El bienestar psicológico y social presentaron un rango alto de afectación, con una media de 28.5, desviación estándar de 6,5, una media de 15,8 con una desviación estándar de 3,8, respectivamente. El bienestar espiritual tuvo una media de 16,3, con una desviación estándar de 3,1. Conclusiones: Ser cuidador altera la calidad de vida en las dimensiones Física, Psicologica y Social, debido a las obligaciones que implica tener a cargo los cuidados de otra persona. Como parte de un sistema que brinda cuidados informales, estos necesitan del apoyo del personal de la salud, específicamente de la disciplina de enfermería, que es el personal encargado de brindar cuidados de manera holística.

Habilidad de cuidado de cuidadores familiares principales de pacientes con ACV. Cartagena (Colombia

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Amparo Montalvo Prieto

2010-01-01

Full Text Available El accidente cerebrovascular (ACV es la enfermedad neurológica que más incapacidad e institucionalización origina. Su alta supervivencia no es pareja a una recuperación total, pues hasta el noventa por ciento sufre secuelas, lo cual genera una demanda de cuidados y la presencia de un cuidador para realizar las actividades básicas. Estos cuidadores están expuestos a padecer cambios en su vida que afectan sus diferentes roles, lo cual los convierte en una población vulnerable que requiere atención de los servicios de salud. Objetivo: Identificar las habilidades de cuidado de los cuidadores principales de los pacientes con secuelas de ACV en Cartagena. Método: Estudio descriptivo, realizado a 152 cuidadores de pacientes con secuelas de ACV en la ciudad de Cartagena. Se utilizaron dos instrumentos: Caracterización de los Cuidadores e Inventario de Habilidad de Cuidado, instrumento que mide la habilidad de cuidado en las dimensiones conocimiento, valor y paciencia. Resultados: Los cuidadores en su mayoría son mujeres en edad adulta, menores que el sujeto de cuidado, dedicadas al hogar, llevan más de 37 meses dedicados al cuidado, no son las únicas cuidadoras; primer grado de consanguinidad (51,3%, presentan habilidad de cuidado media. Las dimensiones de habilidad de cuidado, el conocimiento (75,7% y la paciencia (87,5% estuvieron en categoría alta y el valor en categoría alta (2,6%. Conclusiones: Los cuidadores de personas con ACV no cuentan con la habilidad necesaria para establecer la relación de cuidado, es necesario realizar intervenciones orientadas a disminuir los riegos del rol de cuidador.

RECEPCIÓN RADIAL SENSACIONALISTA EN JÓVENES DE CARTAGENA DE INDIAS

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Luis Carlos Zúñiga Liñán

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo contiene los resultados de una investigación que indaga sobre la influencia de la experiencia social de los jóvenes entre 20 y 24 años, a partir de la significación de los mensajes difundidos por los noticieros radiales de corte sensacionalista en Cartagena de Indias (Colombia. Para ello, se articularon las categorías de la teoría del Interaccionismo Simbólico desde la visión de George Mead y Herbert Blumer, mediante un abordaje de corte cualitativo que intenta identificar las asociaciones discursivas. Los resultados fueron cruzados con la intención del emisor de los mensajes, lo que permitió encontrar que el lenguaje característico de estos formatos no siempre genera un proceso de influencia mutua.

Measuring Job Satisfaction Patterns in Saudi ArabiaÕs Southern Regions Hospitals: Implications for Hospital Staff Retention

OpenAIRE

Alshahrani Bander Sayaf

2015-01-01

Saudi Arabia Southern Region hospitals have shortage of health professionals especially doctors. Retention of quality doctors and minimizing staff turnover has, therefore, become a major priority for hospitals. Job satisfaction is recognized as key factor influencing retention of doctors. In our paper special emphasis is put on doctors working is Southern Region hospitals of Saudi Arabia. By conducting correlation analysis we determine the most important factors conducive to job satisfaction....

Adolescents in southern regions of Italy adhere to the Mediterranean diet more than those in the northern regions.

Science.gov (United States)

Noale, Marianna; Nardi, Mariateresa; Limongi, Federica; Siviero, Paola; Caregaro, Lorenza; Crepaldi, Gaetano; Maggi, Stefania

2014-09-01

There is a large amount of literature regarding the benefits of the Mediterranean diet in the adult population; however, there is growing curiosity about the individuals who naturally adhere to those principles early in life. The "Evaluation of Dietary Habits in Adolescents," carried out by the National Research Council of Italy in 2009, is a survey that aimed to assess the dietary habits and lifestyles of Italian adolescents and their adherence to the Mediterranean diet. We hypothesized that there would be differences across regions, with a higher adherence in Southern Italy compared with Northern Italy based on geography. The survey was conducted in 3 different geographic locations in Italy and included a convenience sample of adolescents who attended either a middle or high school. The participants were asked to fill out a questionnaire concerning demographic data, lifestyle factors, and eating patterns, and scores were assigned according to adherence to the Mediterranean diet, as calculated using Trichopoulou's Mediterranean diet scale. The final sample included 565 adolescents, between 12 and 19 years old, who attended school in the northeastern, northwestern, or southern regions of Italy in 2009. According to the findings, 38.6% of the respondents had scores indicating a low adherence to the Mediterranean diet, whereas only 14% had scores showing a high adherence. Teenagers from the Southern region showed the highest adherence. Those with a high adherence to the Mediterranean diet consumed higher quantities of fiber, iron, vitamin B6, vitamin C, folic acid, vitamin A, vitamin D, and monounsaturated fats. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Pliocene Warm Period Upwelling in the Southern Benguela Region

Science.gov (United States)

Petrick, B. F.; McClymont, E.; Felder, S.; Leng, M. J.; Rosell Mele, A.; Rueda, G.

2014-12-01

The mid-Pliocene has been proposed as a possible analogue for understanding future climate change and testing climate models. Previous work has shown that during the Pliocene the major upwelling systems were relatively warm, and thus either inactive, contracted, or upwelling warmer waters than present. Here we examine evidence from a core site located on the margins of the modern Benguela upwelling system, to test whether the upwelling cells had migrated or contracted relative to present during the Pliocene. We applied several organic geochemistry proxies and foraminiferal analyses to reconstruct the Pliocene history of ODP site 1087 (31º28'S, 15º19'E, 1374m water depth), including the UK37' index and TEX86 index (for reconstructing sea surface temperatures), chlorins (for estimating primary productivity) and planktonic foraminifera assemblages (for inferring water mass changes). These proxies show that between 3.5 and 3.0 Ma the southern Benguela region was significantly cooler than the northern Benguela region, the latter where the main upwelling cells are found today. Coupled with higher primary production, a shift in planktonic foraminifera assemblage, and an offset between the UK37' index and TEX86 index, we infer that more extensive upwelling was present in the southern Benguela region during the Pliocene. We infer that the main Benguela upwelling cells had shifted southward relative to today, as a result of changes in the local wind field. We find evidence for pronounced cooling and a shift in the planktonic foraminifera assemblage during the M2 and KM2 glacial stages, showing a sensitivity of Benguela upwelling to these short-lived climate events.

Las prácticas de la contabilidad ambiental en las empresas de la ciudad de Cartagena

OpenAIRE

Rossi González, Paola

2015-01-01

Artículo de Reflexión para optar el título de (Contador Público).-- Universidad de San Buenaventura, Facultad de Ciencias Administrativas y Contables, Programa de Contaduría Pública, 2015 El presente artículo de reflexión tiene por objetivo principal tratar la temática sobre las prácticas de la Contabilidad Ambiental en la ciudad de Cartagena de Indias y para ello se empieza dando fundamentos básicos de la contabilidad general. En aras de lograr un mejor entendimiento en la temática, se ha...

Adherencia a procesos de neurorehabilitación funcional y su relación con la discapacidad y la calidad de vida en adultos con lesión medular en la ciudad de cartagena, 2014

OpenAIRE

Yepes Charris, Yoly Luz; Wees verhelst, Yolima del R.

2016-01-01

Objetivo: Establecer el nivel de adherencia a procesos de neurorehabilitación funcional a largo plazo y su relación con la discapacidad y la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en adultos con lesión medular crónica de Cartagena, Colombia (año 2014). Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y correlacional bivariado, en personas con lesión medular de la ciudad de Cartagena. Se caracterizó y se relacionó el grado de adherencia a procesos de neurorehabilitación funcional a...

El procedimiento de no cumplimiento del Protocolo de Cartagena sobre seguridad en la biotecnología: ¿Un mecanismo eficaz?

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Antonio Cardesa Salzmann

2010-01-01

Full Text Available The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, adopted the 29th Jaunary 2000, foresees the establishment of ‘procedures and institutional mechanisms to promote compliance with the provisions of this Protocol and to address cases of non-compliance’ (article 34. On this basis, taking the ‘Noncompliance Procedure’ of the 1987 Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer as a model, the first Meeting of the Parties to the Cartagena Protocol adopted such a procedure in 2004 (decision BS-I/7, as an autonomous mechanism to promote compliance with the Parties’ commitments. The basically assisting functions that are inherent to this mechanism have been entrusted to a subsidiary body to the Meeting of the Parties, the Compliance Committee, which exerts its powers according to a simple and cooperative procedure. Nevertheless, to the date no Party has resorted to this mechanism in order to solve any issues of non-compliance. Based on the formal assessment of the mechanism, this article tries to elucidate the causes for this situation, paying particular attention to structural deficiencies within the mechanism, and to the vis atractiva exerted by exogenous enforcement mechanism

Regional health governance: A suggested agenda for Southern African health diplomacy.

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Penfold, Erica Dale; Fourie, Pieter

2015-12-01

Regional organisations can effectively promote regional health diplomacy and governance through engagement with regional social policy. Regional bodies make decisions about health challenges in the region, for example, the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) and the World Health Organisation South East Asia Regional Office (WHO-SEARO). The Southern African Development Community (SADC) has a limited health presence as a regional organisation and diplomatic partner in health governance. This article identifies how SADC facilitates and coordinates health policy, arguing that SADC has the potential to promote regional health diplomacy and governance through engagement with regional social policy. The article identifies the role of global health diplomacy and niche diplomacy in health governance. The role of SADC as a regional organisation and the way it functions is then explained, focusing on how SADC engages with health issues in the region. Recommendations are made as to how SADC can play a more decisive role as a regional organisation to implement South-South management of the regional social policy, health governance and health diplomacy agenda.

Regional efforts to promote forestry best management practices: a southern success story

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Herb Nicholson; John Colberg; Hughes Simpson; Tom Gerow; Wib Owen

2016-01-01

The Southern Group of State Foresters has a long history of water resource protection efforts, providing leadership in BMP development, improvement, and implementation, enhancing state BMP programs, establishing effective partnerships, and standardizing an approach to consistently monitor implementation across the region.

Chemical safety of cassava products in regions adopting cassava production and processing - experience from Southern Africa

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nyirenda, D.B.; Chiwona-Karltun, L.; Chitundu, M.

2011-01-01

and perceptions concerning cassava and chemical food safety. Chips, mixed biscuits and flour, procured from households and markets in three regions of Zambia (Luapula-North, Western and Southern) as well as products from the Northern, Central and Southern regions of Malawi, were analyzed for total cyanogenic...... of products commercially available on the market. Risk assessments disclose that effects harmful to the developing central nervous system (CNS) may be observed at a lower exposure than previously anticipated. We interviewed farmers in Zambia and Malawi about their cultivars, processing procedures......The cassava belt area in Southern Africa is experiencing an unforeseen surge in cassava production, processing and consumption. Little documentation exists on the effects of this surge on processing procedures, the prevailing levels of cyanogenic glucosides of products consumed and the levels...

El Consulado en el proceso de independencia de Cartagena de Indias

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Álvarez Romero, Ángel

1996-12-01

Full Text Available Not available.

Este artículo nos presenta cual fue la postura dominante adoptada por el Consulado de Comercio de Cartagena de Indias en el proceso histórico que culminó el 11 de noviembre de 1811 con la independencia absoluta de la ciudad. En él se recogen las veleidades pseudorrevolucionarias que se dieron en los primeros momentos, para adoptar posteriormente una postura defensora a ultranza de la causa realista. Igualmente se especifica la intensa y fecunda labor propagandística llevada a cabo por el Consulado, utilizando la imprenta que había adquirido en 1800, en todo el virreinato. Por último, se hace hincapié en su intervención en los sucesos contrarrevolucionarios del 4 de febrero de 1811 y en la definitiva extinción del instituto consular por decisión de los patriotas o revolucionarios.

Governança global e transferência de política: influências do Protocolo de Cartagena na Política Nacional de Biossegurança

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Yuna Fontoura

2013-02-01

Full Text Available No contexto de governança global, analisamos o tema da transferência de política, no qual a formulação de políticas públicas é influenciada por experiências de contextos políticos diferentes. Neste sentido, questionamos de que forma o Protocolo de Cartagena influenciou a formulação da Política Nacional de Biossegurança (PNB. A pesquisa empírica foi realizada por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com respondentes qualificados, que atuaram direta ou indiretamente na formulação da PNB. No tratamento dos dados adotamos uma abordagem qualitativa, por meio da utilização da análise de conteúdo. Os resultados revelam que houve transferência de política no formato de aprendizado (ou lesson drawing do Protocolo de Cartagena à PNB.

EDUCACIÓN PARA CIUDADANOS DEL MUNDOCON IDENTIDAD AFRODESCENDIENTE: CASOINSTITUCIÓN EDUCATIVA ANTONIA SANTOS,CARTAGENA DE INDIAS, COLOMBIA

OpenAIRE

Lago de Zota, Alejandrina; Lago de Fernández, Carmen; Lago de Vergara, Diana

2012-01-01

Colombia, nación pluriétnica y multicultural, adopta la Etnoeducación como desafío y apuesta a la autonomía, equidad y pertinencia. La educación nintercultural constituye un enfoque fundamental para la construcción de paz y convivencia ciudadana. Desde esta reflexión, el grupo de investigación RUECA de la Universidad de Cartagena - Colombia, comprometido con propuestas curriculares que hagan viable una educación intercultural, con identidad afrodescendiente para ciudadanos del mundo, realiza ...

LA POBLACIÓN DESPLAZADA EN CARTAGENA DE INDIAS: ALCANCES Y LIMITACIONES DE LA POLÍTICA PÚBLICA

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Amaranto Daniels Puello

2010-08-01

Full Text Available Este artículo analiza los alcances y limitaciones que ha tenido la política pública sobre la población desplazada en la ciudad de Cartagena, así mismo evalúa las condiciones de vulnerabilidad que enfrenta la población desplazada frente a las precariedades que tiene el gobierno distrital para hacer frente a la grave situación de exclusión rechazo e inserción social en que se ve envuelta esta población.

The Development of Tourist Relations during the Economic Crisis through the Example of the Southern Great Plain Region and Serbia

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PÉTER GULYÁS

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Since the beginning of the economic crisis, nearby feeder markets have become increasingly important for Hungary’s tourism sector with cross-border cooperation schemes playing an ever increasing role. This also holds true for Hungary’s Southern Great Plain Region when viewed in its relationship with neighbouring Serbia. This paper examines tourism flow changes in the Southern Hungarian Great Plain Region during the period of the economic crisis especially as far as tourism flows from Serbia are concerned. The analysis is based on official statistical data available in respect of commercial accommodation facilities, analyses on tourism trends carried out at the European level, and regional development documents drawn up for the Hungarian–Serbian cross border region. The economic crisis caused a significant downturn in tourism flows in the Southern Great Plain Region. However, the number of tourists arriving from Serbia to the Southern Great Plain and the number of nights they spent there increased even during the crisis partly because of the favourable geographical location of the region, partly because of the intensive cooperation schemes implemented in the tourism sector, and partly because of organised marketing campaigns.

Survival of fishers in the southern Sierra Nevada region of California

Science.gov (United States)

Richard A. Sweitzer; Craig M. Thompson; Rebecca E. Green; Reginald H. Barrett; Kathryn L. Purcell

2015-01-01

Fishers in the western United States were recently proposed for listing under the U.S. Endangered Species Act because of concerns for loss of suitable habitat and evidence of a diversity of mortality risks that reduce survival. One of 2 remnant populations of fishers in California is in the southern Sierra Nevada region, where we studied them at 2 research sites in the...

Common mental disorders and related factors in undergraduate and graduate students from three dental schools in Cartagena, Colombia.

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Miguel Simancas

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Considering the growing incidence of mental disorders in young population worldwide, the aim of this research is to estimate the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD and related factors in dental students from Cartagena, Colombia. Methodology: A cross sectional study will be performed on all undergraduate and graduate students of Dentistry in Cartagena, Colombia. A population of 1.072 students will be completed by taking a census. The measurement of CMD will be made through Goldberg’s 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12 using a self-administered survey about the presence of sociodemographic, personal and academic factors. It will be requested a full list of the participating dental students from each center and codes will be assigned to maintain data confiden-tiality. Once the information is collected, it will be tabulated and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics through X2, student’s t-test and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Additionally, CMD found in the final sample will be described: anxiety and depression, social dysfunction and loss of confidence and self-esteem. The statistical analysis will be done using STATA™ for Windows. Expected outcomes: it aims to study presence and distribution of CMD among dental students and their relationship with other variables of interest. Then, taking that information into account, to suggest possible intervention strategies targeted according to risk type.

[Validity and Reliability of the Attitudes Toward Sexuality in the Elderly Questionnaire in Cartagena, Colombia].

Science.gov (United States)

Melguizo-Herrera, Estela; Álvarez-Romero, Yuleysi; Cabarcas-Mendoza, Mayerlin Vanessa; Calvo-Rodríguez, Rossy Stefanie; Flórez-Almanza, Jeomaidis; Moadie-Contreras, Olga Patricia; Campo-Arias, Adalberto

2015-01-01

There are many stereotypes and prejudices about the sexual lives of the elderly. However, there are no validated and reliable tools for measuring these in the Latin-American context. To determine the internal consistency, dimensionality, differential item functioning (DIF) by gender and stability of the Attitudes towards Sexuality in the Elderly Questionnaire (ASEQ) in adults over 60 years-old in Cartagena, Colombia. A validation study was designed that included a sample of 130 participants without cognitive impairment attending a Life Center. The ages ranged between 60 and 90 years (mean, 73.7±8.0), and there were 61.5% females. Internal consistency was calculated using Cronbach alpha and McDonald omega, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) (dimensionality), DIF by gender (item response theory) with Kendall correlation, and stability (reproducibility) with Pearson correlation and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The ASEQ showed high internal consistency on the first application (α=.83 and ω=.87) and in the second one (α=.85 and ω=.89). AFE showed two salient factors (prejudices and limitations) that explained 42.6% of the total variance. The IDF presented appropriate coefficients, with the exception of item 14 that showed a high value (τ=.37). ASEQ showed high stability (r=.82 and ICC=.89; 95% confidence interval, 0.83- 0.92; P<.001). ASEQ is a two-dimensional and reliable scale in older adults attending a Life Center in Cartagena, Colombia. New studies are required to evaluate the performance in a representative sample. Copyright © 2014 Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría. Publicado por Elsevier España. All rights reserved.

Bahía de Cartagena (Colombia: distribución de sedimentos superficiales y ambientes sedimentarios

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Juan C Restrepo

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Se analizó la distribución espacial y las principales características texturales de 234 muestras de sedimentos superficiales de la bahía de Cartagena. Para caracterizar los ambientes de depósito en el fondo de la bahía se aplicaron tres funciones discriminantes para diferenciar entre: (i depósitos de playa y marino somero agitado, (ii depósitos fluviales y marino someros, y (iii depósitos fluviales influenciados por corrientes de turbidez. Los sedimentos predominantes fueron lodos medios (5,35 ± 1,2 φ, pobremente clasificados (σ = 1,63 ± 0,8, con notable asimetría (Sk = -0,052 ± 0.2 y curtosis (k de 0,84 ± 0,4. Se encontró dos tipos principales de depósitos recientes en la bahía de Cartagena: marino somero agitado, de dominio fluvial, y depósitos de corrientes de turbidez, de dominio fluvial. Los contenidos más bajos de arena (<5% se encontraron a lo largo de un eje latitudinal que va desde el prodelta del Canal del Dique hasta el extremo occidental de isla de Tierrabomba. Los contenidos de CaCO3 de los depósitos sedimentarios fueron menores al 10%. Los sedimentos calcáreos autógenos han sido cubiertos por sedimentos finos de origen terrígeno transportados por el Canal del Dique, el cual tiene un papel más activo y predominante en la sedimentación de la bahía de lo que se ha señalado previamente.

Análisis del sistema integral de recuperación del servicio en el sector hotelero de la ciudad de Cartagena

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Mary Luz Estrada Estrada

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Objective: Research focused on analyzing the comprehensive recovery system of the service from the perspective of the internal client. Methodology: a sample was taken for convenience of 56 Hotels in the city of Cartagena, which applied interviews experts from the sector and staff directly related to the service, for the calculation and data analysis, the SPSS software was used. Results: Found that hotels in the sector apply comprehensive service recovery system, but there are a few opportunities for improvement given that surround the averages between 3.9 and 4,0, the most critical results can be seen in the participation of employees in the available data collection mechanisms, participation of employees in the analysis of information and little or no training for service failures. Conclusions: The hotel sector of Cartagena needs procedures for collecting information from employees regarding deficiencies in the service, as well as the involvement of all levels of the Organization in the identification and analysis of the information. Also, consensus on the actions to take is decisive to deliver value to our guests and a rapid response helps to generate the perception on the client that is treated fairly by the organization.

Being a Child in an Industrial Contemporaneous Environment. Examples from the Mining Mountains of Cartagena-La Unión (Murcia

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Óscar González Vergara

2013-05-01

Full Text Available This paper will discuss various aspects of childhood in an industrial environment, focusing particularly the phenomenon of child labor. We will draw examples from one of the most important industrial mining complex of contemporary Spain, the mining area in Cartagena-La Union, where child labor was widespread. We will complete this vision of childhood with the examples available in the mining songs, which reflect many aspects of childhood.

History of cotton fiber bioscience research at USDA-ARS Southern Regional Research Center

Science.gov (United States)

Improving fiber quality has been an important breeding goal for cotton breeders. Better understanding of fiber development helps cotton scientists to devise a strategy for crop improvement either through marker-assisted selection or via manipulation of fiber genes. USDA-ARS Southern Regional Researc...

Canine and Human Dirofilariosis in the Rostov Region (Southern Russia

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Vladimir Kartashev

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Epidemiological data on canine and human dirofilariosis in the Rostov Region (Southern Russia are presented. Prevalence of Dirofilaria spp. infections in 795 autochthonous dogs, assessed by the Knott test, was 20.25%. The highest prevalence was found in Novocherkassk (38.3% and Rostov-on-Don (18.5%, while prevalences were lower in other points of the region. Prevalence of D. repens was 44.7%, prevalence of D. immitis was 30.3%, and coinfections were observed in 25.0% of the dog population. A case finding study carried out during 9 years (2000–2009 revealed 131 cases of human dirofilariosis in the Rostov Region, 129 of subcutaneous dirofilariosis and 2 of pulmonary dirofilariosis. Seroprevalence among 317 healthy blood donors from the Rostov Region was 10.4%, while seroprevalence in policemen living in Rostov city and working in training dogs was 19%. These data show high infection rates of Dirofilaria spp. in both human and dog populations of Rostov, probably because of the existence of favorable conditions for the transmission in this region.

Program of recovery of remains of melon and pepper in vegetable production in the area of Cartagena, Murcia (Spain); Programa de valorizacion de restos de pimiento y melon en produccion horticola en el campo de Cartagena, Murcia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Moreno-Cornejo, J.; Faz Cano, A.; Perez-Paterna, A.

2009-07-01

In the last decades, the irrigated agricultural areas have increased in Murcia, S. E. Spain, especially in the agrarian District Comarca del Campo de Cartagena. A consequence of this increase is the high use of fertilizers resulting to an excess of nutrients such as nitrogen. Another problem associated with the agricultural is the disposal of the increasing amount of organic agricultural residues from post-harvest practices. In this research we will study the effects of recycling crop residues as an organic fertilizer in vegetable production as a disposal management technique to reduce the amount of post-harvest residues. (Author) 9 refs.

El sector salud en las ciudades colombianas de Barranquilla y Cartagena

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Antonio Orozco

2014-01-01

Full Text Available El propósito del presente estudio es realizar un análisis del sector salud en las ciudades colombianas de Barranquilla y Cartagena desde principios del siglo XXI. Se examinó, desde un enfoque descriptivo y mediante el empleo de cifras oficiales, el estado de cobertura de la población en seguridad social en salud, el estado de la infraestructura de servicios y las condiciones sanitarias de estas ciudades. Los resultados indican que la cobertura universal no ha sido alcanzada; además, la ampliación de los asegurados en el régimen subsidiado se realizó mediante mecanismos poco convenientes. La infraestructura de servicios, a pesar de que mejoró, aún dista del estándar internacional. Por último, los indicadores de mortalidad infantil y materna son altos, y para este último, ambas ciudades se encuentran desfasadas con los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio.

Effects of forest fires in southern and central of Zabaykal region

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L. V. Buryak

2016-12-01

Full Text Available The fire frequency situation in Zabaykal region from 1964 to 2015 is evaluated and discussed in the paper. The main reasons of decadal increase of fire numbers and the area burned are revealed. The main reasons of high fire frequency and the increase of fire activity in the last decades are shown. The characteristics of the weather conditions in the years of high fire frequency are presented. Fire activity was found to increase not only because of the droughts in the last decades but also due to forest disturbances in Zabaykalsky Krai by illegal logging. Based on the data from 170 sample sites laid out with the use of satellite images, forest inventory data and results of ground sample transects, the impact of the wildfires of different type, form and severity on tree mortality in the light-coniferous forests was estimated, as well as the amount of tree regeneration in the forest areas disturbed by fires, logged sites (both burned and unburned, and sites burned repeatedly was evaluated. Wildfires in the Zabaykal region were found to be strong ecological factor influencing on the probability of existence of many forest ecosystems. In case of further climate warming and repeated fires, the part of the forests may transform to the non forest areas. The steppification of the burned sites in the southern forest-steppe regions and in the low parts of the southern slopes at the border with steppe landscapes as well as desertification in the central parts of the region and swamping of burned sites located in the wet soils are observed. Wind and water soil erosion happens at the large burned sites.

Reconsidering the origins of the Southern African regionalism thirty years later: towards a constructivist approach to the origins of SADC

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José Abel Moma

2012-01-01

Full Text Available The creation of SADCC has generated a debate over the real origins of the southern African model of regionalism. This paper develops the idea that the origins of SADC are both internal and external. Thus, southern African regionalism is understood as a constructivist articulation of internal and external inputs, which determined the creation of SADCC and its transformation into SADC.

El perfil epidemiológico del sobrepeso y la obesidad y sus principales comorbilidades en la ciudad de Cartagena de Indias Epidemiological profile of overweight and obesity and its main comorbidities in the city of Cartagena de Indias

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Fernando Manzur

2009-10-01

Full Text Available Introducción: la obesidad es una condición compleja multifactorial, que tiene componentes genéticos y ambientales, y dispara diversas anormalidades, según la predisposición de los individuos y de las poblaciones. Las repercusiones más frecuentes del sobrepeso y la obesidad se asocian con la aparición de diferentes enfermedades crónicas, entre las que se encuentran la enfermedad cardiovascular, la diabetes y las enfermedades del aparato locomotor. Se ha comprobado que el riesgo de que aparezcan estas enfermedades crónicas en la población, aumenta de manera progresiva a partir de un índice de masa corporal de 21. Según cálculos recientes de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, en los últimos años se ha producido un aumento de la incidencia mundial de sobrepeso que llega a 1.600 millones y de obesidad que alcanzó 400 millones en 2005. Además, se prevé que estas cifras se eleven más y lleguen hasta 2.300 millones y 700 millones, respectivamente en 2015. Objetivo: conocer el perfil epidemiológico del sobrepeso y la obesidad, y evaluar la relación con sus principales comorbilidades como la hipertensión arterial, la diabetes mellitus y algunas dislipidemias en la población adulta de Cartagena de Indias. Métodos: estudio transversal analítico, en el que se evaluaron 749 personas por muestreo aleatorio estratificado de las diferentes zonas de Cartagena, aplicando un formato de encuesta estructurada, con el fin de obtener las variables sociodemográficas y antropométricas. Para las variables bioquímicas se determinó glucemia en ayunas, colesterol total, colesterol HDL y triglicéridos. Resultados: se evidencia una prevalencia alta de sobrepeso y obesidad, que sumados constituyen 62% de la población (41% de sobrepeso y 21% de obesidad. Se determinó la prevalencia de obesidad abdominal según los criterios del ATP III, encontrándose que 41,8% de la población presentó obesidad abdominal, de éstos 39,3% mostraba hipertensi

Variability of the extent of the Hadley circulation in the southern hemisphere: a regional perspective

Science.gov (United States)

Nguyen, H.; Hendon, H. H.; Lim, E.-P.; Boschat, G.; Maloney, E.; Timbal, B.

2018-01-01

In order to understand the regional impacts of variations in the extent of the Hadley circulation in the Southern Hemisphere, regional Hadley circulations are defined in three sectors centered on the main tropical heat sources over Africa, Asia-Pacific (Maritime Continent) and the Americas. These regional circulations are defined by computing a streamfunction from the divergent component of the meridional wind. A major finding from this study is that year-to-year variability in the extent of the hemispheric Hadley circulation in the Southern Hemisphere is primarily governed by variations of the extent of the Hadley circulation in the Asia-Pacific sector, especially during austral spring and summer when there is little co-variability with the African sector, and the American sector exhibits an out of phase behavior. An expanded Hadley circulation in the Southern Hemisphere (both hemispherically and in the Asia-Pacific sector) is associated with La Niña conditions and a poleward expansion of the tropical wet zone in the Asia-Pacific sector. While La Niña also promotes expansion in the American and African sectors during austral winter, these tropical conditions tend to promote contraction in the two sectors during austral summer as a result of compensating convergence over the Americas and Africa sectors: a process driven by variations in the Walker circulation and Rossby wave trains emanating from the tropical Indian Ocean.

Los Soldados y Las Mujeres de las Castas. Vida Cotidiana y Matrimonios de la Soldadesca del Ejercito Colonial en Cartagena en el siglo XVIII

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Nancy Rocío Correa Mosquera

2012-01-01

Full Text Available In Cartagena in the eighteenth century military marriages were conditioned by the social relation types and household order affecting soldiers of the Spanish Army in America, categorized as encouraging unions contrevening socioracial order established by the Spanish authorities, directly impacting aspects of colonial life as social mobility, miscegenation and the military exercise it.

Confirmación molecular de tres especies de bivalvos xilótrofos (Familia Teredinidae en las bahías de Cartagena y Barbacoas, mar Caribe, Colombia

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Michael Ahrens

2013-12-01

Full Text Available A pesar de la existencia de un extenso hábitat de manglares en Colombia, solo unos pocos estudios han descrito la diversidad de bivalvos teredinidos xilótrofos (conocidos como “broma” en el país. El presente estudio investigó la presencia de bivalvos teredinidos en las bahías de Cartagena y Barbacoas. En un estudio de campo llevado a cabo en marzo de 2013, diez individuos de dos géneros de Teredinidae, correspondientes morfológicamente a Neoteredo reynei y Bankia spp., fueron encontrados en las raíces sumergidas de mangle rojo (Rhizophora mangle. Identificaciones morfológicas iniciales se complementaron con identificación molecular. Para esto, dos fragmentos de genes fueron secuenciados: 588 pares de bases (pb del gen mitocondrial citocromo oxidasa subunidad 1 (CO1 y 305 pb del gen nuclear de la subunidad ribosómica pequeña (18S. Búsquedas de alineación básica (BLAST y árboles filogenéticos utilizando secuencias de CO1 y 18S de otras especies de Teredinidae públicamente disponibles y no publicadas confirmaron la identidad de Neoteredo reynei en la bahía de Barbacoas. En contraste, las secuencias obtenidas para Bankia, indicaron la presencia de dos especies distintas en la bahía de Cartagena. La confirmación de al menos tres especies de Teredinidae en las bahías de Cartagena y Barbacoas sugiere la presencia de especies adicionales y justifica un mayor esfuerzo de muestreo para este grupo de descomponedores de madera tan importante ecológica y económicamente.

Challenges to successful implementation of HIV and AIDS-related health policies in Cartagena, Colombia.

Science.gov (United States)

Djellouli, Nehla; Quevedo-Gómez, María Cristina

2015-05-01

The Caribbean region presents the highest prevalence of HIV/AIDS worldwide after sub-Saharan Africa; leading to serious social, economic and health consequences at the local scale but also at the regional and global levels. In Colombia, a national plan to tackle the epidemic was formulated with little evidence that its implementation in the local context is effective. This study focused on Cartagena - one of Colombia's largest cities and an international touristic hub - that presents one of the highest HIV prevalences in the country, to investigate whether the national plan accounts for local specificities and what are the barriers to local implementation. Based on the Contextual Interaction Theory (CIT), this qualitative research relied upon 27 interviews and 13 life stories of local inhabitants and stakeholders, collected in a first fieldwork in 2006-2007. A follow-up data collection took place in 2013 with 10 participants: key policymakers and implementers, NGO representatives and local inhabitants. Barriers identified by the participants included: local population's understandings and beliefs on condom use; stigma and discrimination; lack of collaboration from the Church, the education sector and local politicians; corruption; high staff turnover; frequent changes in leadership; lack of economic and human resources; and barriers to health care access. The findings suggest that global influences also have an impact on the CIT framework (e.g. international organisations as a major financier in HIV prevention). The participants put forward several feasible solutions to implementation barriers. We discuss how several of the proposed solutions have been applied in other Latin American and Caribbean countries and yielded positive results. However, further research is needed to find possible ways of overcoming certain barriers identified by this study such as corruption, the lack of collaboration of the Church and barriers to health care access. Copyright © 2015

Recepción radial sensacionalista En jóvenes de cartagena de indias

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Luis Carlos Zúñiga Liñán

2014-05-01

Full Text Available Este artículo contiene los resultados de una investigación que indaga sobre la influencia de la experiencia social de los jóvenes entre 20 y 24 años, a partir de la significación de los mensajes difundidos por los noticieros radiales de corte sensacionalista en Cartagena de Indias (Colombia. Para ello, se articularon las categorías de la teoría del Interaccionismo Simbólico desde la visión de George Mead y Herbert Blumer, mediante un abordaje de corte cualitativo que intenta identificar las asociaciones discursivas. Los resultados fueron cruzados con la intención del emisor de los mensajes, lo que permitió encontrar que el lenguaje característico de estos formatos no siempre genera un proceso de influencia mutua.

Imaging of 3-D seismic velocity structure of Southern Sumatra region using double difference tomographic method

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lestari, Titik, E-mail: t2klestari@gmail.com [Meteorological Climatological and Geophysical Agency (MCGA), Jalan Angkasa I No.2 Kemayoran, Jakarta Pusat, 10720 (Indonesia); Faculty of Earth Science and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jalan Ganesa No.10, Bandung 40132 (Indonesia); Nugraha, Andri Dian, E-mail: nugraha@gf.itb.ac.id [Global Geophysical Research Group, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jalan Ganesa 10 Bandung 40132 (Indonesia)

2015-04-24

Southern Sumatra region has a high level of seismicity due to the influence of the subduction system, Sumatra fault, Mentawai fault and stretching zone activities. The seismic activities of Southern Sumatra region are recorded by Meteorological Climatological and Geophysical Agency (MCGA’s) Seismograph network. In this study, we used earthquake data catalog compiled by MCGA for 3013 events from 10 seismic stations around Southern Sumatra region for time periods of April 2009 – April 2014 in order to invert for the 3-D seismic velocities structure (Vp, Vs, and Vp/Vs ratio). We applied double-difference seismic tomography method (tomoDD) to determine Vp, Vs and Vp/Vs ratio with hypocenter adjustment. For the inversion procedure, we started from the initial 1-D seismic velocity model of AK135 and constant Vp/Vs of 1.73. The synthetic travel time from source to receiver was calculated using ray pseudo-bending technique, while the main tomographic inversion was applied using LSQR method. The resolution model was evaluated using checkerboard test and Derivative Weigh Sum (DWS). Our preliminary results show low Vp and Vs anomalies region along Bukit Barisan which is may be associated with weak zone of Sumatran fault and migration of partial melted material. Low velocity anomalies at 30-50 km depth in the fore arc region may indicated the hydrous material circulation because the slab dehydration. We detected low seismic seismicity in the fore arc region that may be indicated as seismic gap. It is coincides contact zone of high and low velocity anomalies. And two large earthquakes (Jambi and Mentawai) also occurred at the contact of contrast velocity.

Cane pruning on Chardonnay grapevine in the high-altitude regions of Southern Brazil

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Filho José Luiz Marcon

2016-01-01

Full Text Available High-altitude regions of southern Brazil, located above 900 m above sea level, the cordon training with spur pruning is widely used because of easier application. In these regions, Chardonnay wine grape shows potential to produce quality wines, however, in commercial vineyards, the training system used has not provided productivities that makes economically viable the cultivation of this variety. Given this, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of different cane-pruning systems on the vegetative, productive and enological potential of Chardonnay grapevines grown in the high-altitude region of Southern Brazil. The experiment was conducted in a commercial Chardonnay vineyard, located in São Joaquim – Santa Catarina State (28o17 ′39”S and 49∘ 55′56” W, to 1230 m a.s.l during 2015 and 2016 vintages. Chardonnay vines (grafted on 1103 Paulsen were planted in 2010, with a 3.0 m (row × 1.0 m (vine spacing. The treatments consisted of different cane-pruning systems: Cordon spur-pruning (control; Sylvoz; Cazenave; Capovolto; single Guyot and double Guyot. Pruning was performed in August of each year when the buds were in the green tip developmental stage. Data was analyzed by Scott Knott test (p < 0.05 following a randomized block design with four replicates, each consisting of 12 vines per plot. We observed higher yield in the Cazenave and double Guyot training system with three and two more tons of grapes than spur-pruning respectively. The bud fertility was higher in plants trained in double Guyot. Vines spur-pruned showed higher relation of leaf area: production, with values above 100 cm2 g−1 grape at 2016 vintage. Commercial maturity of grapes (soluble solids, acidity and polyphenols did not differ among training systems studied. The results suggest that cane-pruning systems could be an alternative to increase production efficiency of Chardonnay in high-altitude region of southern Brazil.

LA VIOLENCIA INTRAFAMILIAR EN CARTAGENA, DEVELANDO EL IMAGINARIO DE LA MASCULINIDAD Y LA FEMINIDAD

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Hortensia Naizara Rodríguez

2002-08-01

Full Text Available Parece imposible creer que hemos llegado a un estado de deterioro de las relaciones humanas, en la que los conflictos se resuelven por las vías de hecho, en la sociedad y en la familia, ¿cómo ha sucedido esto en la familia cartagenera? Y ¿qué poderes legitiman la violencia en la familia? Las repuestas las buscamos afanosamente a partir del proyecto Análisis Sociocultural de la Violencia Intrafamiliar en Cartagena desde la Perspectiva del y la hablante. Un estudio de género, que se desarrolla en Cartagena a partir de los relatos hallados desde 1998 hasta el año 2002, en los Juzgados de Familia, Comisarías de Familia, Casa de Justicia, ICBF y Centros de Conciliación; a través de una metodología cualitativa y un enfoque Herrneneútico. El artículo pretende la lectura de las imágenes de la violencia Intrafamiliar, de los marcadores lingüísticos que son proposiciones lingüísticas repetitivas que dan cuenta de los valores del imaginario de la femenidad y la masculinidad. Las historias y relatos de hombres y mujeres en las denuncias estudiadas cuentan la versión más dolorosa de sus vidas, atribuidas a una simbología patriarcal que presume a la mujer como indefensa y al hombre como victimario. El proyecto aspira a contravertir la tesis de que la víctima es solo la mujer y pretende explorar a través del análisis del discurso el imaginario cultural que sustenta unas apropiaciones o construcciones del mundo en el cual los papeles asignados por la cultura a hombres y mujeres los ponen de frente como enemigos. Y cuestionar la intervención institucionalizada y la normatividad que dista mucho de la realidad da problema.

Sobre la validez de Pachychila freyi Koch, 1944, P. denticollis Grimm, 1987 y las sinonimias del género introducidas por Viñolas & Cartagena (2005 en su Fauna de Tenebriónidos (Argania Editio (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae, Pimeliinae

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Ferrer, J.

2007-06-01

Full Text Available Pachychila freyi Koch, 1944, misidentified as Pachychila incrassata Rosenhauer, 1856 by Viñolas & Cartagena (2005, and P. denticollis Grimm, 1987 are two valid species from Almería, Spain, arbitrarily treated as junior synonyms respectively of Pachychila glabella (Herbst, 1799 and of P. germari Solier, 1835. They differ clearly from Pachychila glabella and P. germari and from all other described species of this genus, by several morphological external and internal characters, ignored by the authors, who failed to study types. Moreover, the insect treated as “Pachychila germari Solier” by Viñolas & Cartagena (2005, exhibits significant genitalia differences compared to Pachychila germari from North Africa, and in reality belongs to Pachychila bifida Rosenhauer, 1856, another valid species of the Iberian fauna.Pachychila freyi Koch, 1944 –confundida con Pachychila incrassata Rosenhauer, 1856–, y P. denticollis Grimm, 1987, son dos especies válidas de Almería, España, arbitrariamente puestas en sinonimia de Pachychila glabella (Herbst, 1799 y de P. germari Solier, 1835, respectivamente, por Viñolas & Cartagena (2005. Ambas son claramente diferentes de estas especies, y de todas las Pachychilas conocidas y descritas, por un gran número de caracteres morfológicos, ignorados por estos autores, que no han examinado los tipos. Además, “Pachychila germari Solier” (Viñolas & Cartagena, 2005, presenta considerables diferencias en su genitalia con Pachychila germari del norte de África, y en realidad se trata de Pachychila bifida Rosenhauer, 1856, otra especie válida de la fauna ibérica.

Iron stress in the Pacific region of the Southern Ocean : evidence from enrichment bioassays

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Timmermans, Klaas; van Leeuwe, M.A.; de Jong, J.T.M.; Nolting, R.F.; Witte, H.J; van Ooyen, J; Swagerman, M.J W; Kloosterhuis, H; de Baar, H.J.W.

1998-01-01

The effect of iron on phytoplankton physiology in a scarcely investigated part of the Pacific region of the Southern Ocean was studied during an expedition aboard RV 'Polarstern'. Physiological effects of iron enrichments were studied during short-term bottle experiments (72 h) in high-nutrient,

Lifetime prevalence of drugs use in adolescents from Cartagena, Colombia Prevalencia de vida de consumo de sustancias sicoactivas en adolescentes de Cartagena, Colombia Prevalência de vida de consumo de substâncias em adolescentes de Cartagena, Colômbia

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Zuleima Cogollo Milanés

2012-07-01

Full Text Available Objective. To estimate the prevalence of lifetime use of psychoactive drugs in adolescents from Cartagena, Colombia. Methodology. Cross-sectional study carried out with a representative sample of 244 adolescents between 13 and 17 years of age from the general population. The study inquired on use of psychoactive drugs at any time of their lives (cocaine, ecstasy, inhalants, marihuana, or any drug that can be injected. The explanatory variables were adjusted through logistic regression. Results. Participants were from low and middle socio-economic levels. The lifetime prevalence of use of any drug was 20%. A total of 19% of the participants reported daily cigarette use and 18% had risky alcohol use. The following risk factors were related to drug use some time in their lives: daily cigarette use (OR=30.2; CI95%=11.8-77.6, not being religious (OR=5.8; CI95%=1.8- 18.8, male gender (OR=3.7; CI95%=1.1-13.1, and risky alcohol use (OR=3.5; CI95%=1.2-9.8. Conclusion. Use of any illegal drug some time in their lives by adolescents is high, constituting a healthcare problem, which should be addressed by government organizations. This use was related to male gender, not being religious, cigarette smoking, and having risky alcohol use.Objetivo. Estimar la prevalencia de vida de consumo de sustancias sicoactivas en adolescentes de Cartagena, Colombia. Metodología. Estudio de corte transversal realizado en una muestra representativa de 244 adolescentes entre 13 y 17 años. Se indagó sobre el consumo alguna vez en la vida de sustancias sicoactivas (cocaína, éxtasis, inhalantes, marihuana o alguna inyectable. Mediante regresión logística se ajustaron las variables explicatorias. Resultados. Los participantes pertenecían a los estratos socioeconómicos bajo y medio. La prevalencia de vida de consumo de alguna sustancia fue de 20%. El 19% informó consumo diario de cigarrillo y 18% tenía consumo problemático de alcohol. Se relacionaron con el consumo de

Niveles de actividad física asociados a factores sociodemograficos, antropométricos y conductuales en universitarios de Cartagena (Colombia)

OpenAIRE

Shyrley Díaz Cárdenas; Farith González Martínez; Katherine Arrieta Vergara

2014-01-01

Objetivo: Describir el nivel de actividad física y su asociación con factores sociodemográficos, antropométricos y conductuales en universitarios de Cartagena (Colombia). Materiales y métodos: Estudio de corte transversal en 670 universitarios seleccionados por muestreo probabilístico. Se diseñó y aplicó una encuesta estructurada para evaluar el nivel de actividad física (International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) y los factores asociados (aspectos sociodemográficos, antropométricos...

Declaración de Cartagena para el Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad (TDAH: rompiendo el estigma

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Eduardo Barragán Pérez

2010-04-01

Full Text Available In 2007, the Declaration of Mexico for Attention Deficit Hyperactivivity Disorder (ADHD was developed by a group of specialists in mental health and neuroscience. This statement summarizes the most recent scientific information about the disorder. In 2009, during the III Latin-American Consensus on ADHD, the Cartagena’s Declaration for ADHD was issued, which updates scientific information and promotes a campaign against ADHD stigma in society and schools. A draft document was developed before the meeting and reviewed by participants at the Consensus. This paper was checked by twenty-six experts from ten different countries from the region. Twenty-seven points of the statement about clinical, epidemiological and therapeutic topics were listed, based on newest scientific evidence for ADHD.The Cartagena Declaration for ADHD is the second call that Latino-America League for the Study of ADHD (LILAPETDAH members performed as an organized and multinational group, to increase knowledge onclinical manifestations and treatment of ADHD and to promote jointefforts and social strategies aimed to reduce stigma of this disorder.

Variables asociadas al inicio del consumo de cigarrillo en adolescentes estudiantes de básica secundaria de los colegios ofi ciales de la ciudad de Cartagena, Colombia

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Zuleima Cogollo-Milanés

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia y las variables asociadas al inicio del consumo de cigarrillo en adolescentes de media vocacional de Cartagena, Colombia. Materiales y método: estudio analítico observacional transversal con 1.100 estudiantes de básica secundaria de las instituciones educativas oficiales de la ciudad de Cartagena, matriculados durante el año 2012; la información se recolectó a través de la ficha demográfica, el inventario de consumo de cigarrillo y actitudes frente al mismo de la Encuesta Mundial Sobre Tabaquismo en jóvenes (Emta_Joven, la escala Apgar familiar, Rosenberg para autoestima y la escala de Zung de ansiedad. Se realizó análisis esta- dístico univariado, bivariado y multivariado. Resultados: participaron 1.090 estudiantes (de los 1.100 fueron descartados 10 por estar mal diligenciados con edades entre 10 y 18 años, media = 12,3; 565 (51,8 % estudiantes fueron de sexo masculino y 525 (48,2 % de sexo femenino. El consumo de cigarrillo alguna vez en la vida se asoció a edades entre 13 y 18 años (OR = 2,86; IC95 % : 1,96-4,18, ser de sexo masculino (OR = 2,40; IC95 % : 1,63-3,56 y a alta intención de consumo de sustancias (cigarrillo, alcohol y marihuana (OR = 3,18; IC95 % : 2,18-4,64. Conclusión: el consumo de cigarrillo alguna vez en la vida en estudiantes de media vocacional de Cartagena, Colombia, se asoció a tener alta intención de consumo de sustancias, ser adolescente y ser de sexo masculino.

Maniobrability analysis with FSRU / LNG prototype ships in a virtual stage of “El Cayao” maritime terminal and surroundings of Cartagena Bay

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Gonzalo Rojas Reyes

2018-05-01

Full Text Available The research project was developed in association with the HÖEGH LNG company, to obtain a solution that would allow the standardization of its procedures, providing safe operations on the entrance and departure of FSRU / LNG ships to the maritime terminal “El Cayao”, within the Bay of Cartagena; the terminal was in the construction stage, so the maneuvers to be executed with this type of craft would be made for the first time in the country. The development of this research allowed the modeling of the virtual scenario, which incorporated relevant information from the area to be studied, the analysis of the behavior of ship prototypes integrated to the full mission bridge simulator and the training directed to national and international master pilots in the simulation of maneuvers, contributing significantly to the integral maritime security, for the entrance of the type FSRU / LNG (Floating Storage and Regasification Unit for Liquefied Natural Gas ship, HÖEGH Grace, which made its entrance to the Bay of Cartagena on November 1, 2016, reaching the required standards to offer a safe, reliable and successful maneuver. This is how ENAP, through CIDIAM, contributes to the strengthening of maritime power in Colombia.

Isotopic composition of groundwater in semi-arid regions of Southern Africa

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vogel, J.C.; Urk, H. van

1975-01-01

Although the isotope content of precipitation in the semi-arid regions of southern Africa is extremely variable, groundwater samples from the same district are found to have a remarkably constant isotopic composition. The oxygen-18 content of the underground water, in general, varies by about 0.5% in a given area. The differences that occur between different regions are sufficiently large to allow the groundwater of an area to be characterized by means of its oxygen-18 content. In order to localize the infiltration area of an aquifer, radiocarbon dating of the water is used. It appears that the groundwater contains, in general, less of the heavy isotopes than does the precipitation in the recharge area. This indicates that infiltration only takes place during periods of heavy rainfall. Examples are given where the isotope content of the groundwater is used to distinguish between different aquifers in the same region

Regional assessment of the status, distribution and conservation needs of cheetahs in southern Africa

OpenAIRE

Purchase, Gianetta; Marker, Laurie; Marnewick, Kelly; Klein, Rebecca; Williams, Samual

2007-01-01

A country by country assessment of the status, distribution and conservation needs for cheetah Acinonyx jubatus in the southern African region indicates that this area holds a significant proportion of the global population of cheetahs, at least 4 500 adults. The largest proportion of this regional population occurs in four range states, Namibia, Botswana, South Africa and Zimbabwe where it is under threat as a result of conflict with livestock and wildlife ranchers, removal of animals (both ...

Improving epidemic malaria planning, preparedness and response in Southern Africa. Report on the 1st Southern African Regional Epidemic Outlook Forum, Harare, Zimbabwe, 26-29 September, 2004.

Science.gov (United States)

DaSilva, Joaquim; Garanganga, Brad; Teveredzi, Vonai; Marx, Sabine M; Mason, Simon J; Connor, Stephen J

2004-10-22

Malaria is a major public health problem for countries in the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC). While the endemicity of malaria varies enormously across this region, many of the countries have districts that are prone to periodic epidemics, which can be regional in their extent, and to resurgent outbreaks that are much more localized. These epidemics are frequently triggered by climate anomalies and often follow periods of drought. Many parts of Southern Africa have suffered rainfall deficit over the past three years and countries expect to see increased levels of malaria when the rains return to more 'normal' levels. Problems with drug and insecticide resistance are documented widely and the region contains countries with the highest rates of HIV prevalence to be found anywhere in the world. Consequently, many communities are vulnerable to severe disease outcomes should epidemics occur. The SADC countries have adopted the Abuja targets for Roll Back Malaria in Africa, which include improved epidemic detection and response, i.e., that 60% of epidemics will be detected within two weeks of onset, and 60% of epidemics will be responded to within two weeks of detection. The SADC countries recognize that to achieve these targets they need improved information on where and when to look for epidemics. The WHO integrated framework for improved early warning and early detection of malaria epidemics has been recognized as a potentially useful tool for epidemic preparedness and response planning. Following evidence of successful adoption and implementation of this approach in Botswana, the SADC countries, the WHO Southern Africa Inter-Country Programme on Malaria Control, and the SADC Drought Monitoring Centre decided to organize a regional meeting where countries could gather to assess their current control status and community vulnerability, consider changes in epidemic risk, and develop a detailed plan of action for the forthcoming 2004-2005 season. The

Description of a New Temnocephala Species (Platyhelminthes) from the Southern Neotropical Region.

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de León, Rodrigo Ponce; Vera, Bárbara Berón; Volonterio, Odile

2015-08-01

The genus Temnocephala is endemic to the Neotropical region. Temnocephala mexicana and Temnocephala chilensis are the only 2 temnocephalans whose known distribution ranges extend to the south beyond Parallel 40°S. No Temnocephala species has ever been recorded from the extensive area between Parallel 43°S and the southern end of the South American continent, which makes the study of the southern limit of the distribution of the genus a topic of great interest. The southernmost report corresponds to T. chilensis from the Telsen River, Chubut Province, Argentina. In March 2000, several temnocephalans were found on the freshwater anomuran crustacean Aegla neuquensis from the same locality; the specimens were identified as belonging to a new species, which is described here. This species is characterized by possessing an unusually thin-walled, narrow zone that has the appearance of a deep groove connecting the introvert to the shaft of the penial stylet; an introvert with 36 longitudinal rows of spines, each bearing 6-8 spines that are progressively smaller towards the distal end; a distal end of the introvert with a very thin, sclerotized wall without spines; a seminal vesicle that opens sub-polarly into the contractile vesicle; a pair of paranephrocytes at the level of the pharynx and a second pair at the level of the anterior portion of the anterior testes, and eggs with very long stalks. On the basis of their overall morphology, host preference, and geographical distribution, T. chilensis and the new species are closely related, so a diagnostic key for the southern species of Temnocephala is also included. The type locality of the new species is in the southern limit of the known distribution area of T. chilensis, so after this work there are 2 known species marking the southern limit of the distribution of the genus.

ENSAYO: ESPACIOS DE DIÁLOGO ALREDEDOR DE LA FORMACIÓN DEL PROFESORADO EN LA UNIVERSIDAD DE CARTAGENA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dora Piñeres De la Ossa

2006-08-01

Full Text Available Este Ensayo da cuenta de la experiencia de la Universidad de Cartagena en los procesosde formación del profesorado y como hoy, la pertenencia a proyectos en red como elSUE Caribe, ha consolidado una comunidadad académica investigativa de lasUniversidades Estatales del Caribe Colombiano que posibilita la generación de procesosde integración y sinergias investigativas y de conocimientos evidenciando desde ya,transformaciones de las practicas en el campo de la cultura, la ciencia y la tecnologíay en las practicas de los docentes y su gestión por la calidad de las instituciones.

The Southern Kalahari: a potential new dust source in the Southern Hemisphere?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bhattachan, Abinash; D’Odorico, Paolo; Baddock, Matthew C; Zobeck, Ted M; Okin, Gregory S; Cassar, Nicolas

2012-01-01

Most sources of atmospheric dust on Earth are located in the Northern Hemisphere. The lower dust emissions in the Southern Hemisphere in part limit the supply of micronutrients (primarily soluble iron) to the Southern Ocean, thereby constraining its productivity. Climate and land use change can alter the current distribution of dust source regions on Earth. Can new dust sources be activated in the Southern Hemisphere? Here we show that vegetation loss and dune remobilization in the Southern Kalahari can promote dust emissions comparable to those observed from major contemporary dust sources in the Southern African region. Dust generation experiments support the hypothesis that, in the Southern Kalahari, aeolian deposits that are currently mostly stabilized by savanna vegetation are capable of emitting substantial amounts of dust from interdune areas. We show that dust from these areas is relatively rich in soluble iron, an important micronutrient for ocean productivity. Trajectory analyses show that dust from the Kalahari commonly reaches the Southern Ocean and could therefore enhance its productivity. (letter)

Water demand studies. [central and southern California regions

Science.gov (United States)

Bowden, L. W.; Estes, J. E.; Churchman, C. W.; Johnson, C. W.; Huning, J. R.; Rozelle, K.; Hamilton, J.; Washburn, G.; Tinney, L. R.; Thaman, R. R.

1973-01-01

The areas of focus of the Santa Barbara and Riverside groups in conducting water demand studies are the central and southern California regional test sites, respectively. Within each test site, sub-areas have been selected for use in the making of detailed investigations. Within each of these sub-areas an in-depth evaluation is being made as to the capability of remote sensing systems to provide pertinent data relative to water demand phenomena. These more limited sub-areas are: (1) Kern County and the San Joaquin Basin; (2) Chino-Riverside Basin; and (3) the Imperial Valley. Rational for the selection of these subareas included the following: Much of the previous remote sensing research had been conducted in these areas and therefore a great deal of remote sensing imagery and pertinent ground truth for the areas was already available.

Os limites do poder das empresas multinacionais: o caso do Protocolo de Cartagena The limits of power of multinational companies: the Cartagena protocol on biosafety

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gilberto Sarfati

2008-06-01

Full Text Available O objetivo primário deste trabalho é identificar os limites da influência das empresas multinacionais (EMNs em processos multilaterais de negociação. A efetividade da defesa de seus interesses depende, basicamente, da confluência dos interesses entre os Estados e as empresas e depende da vulnerabilidade dos Estados em relação às atividades das empresas, bem como da capacidade relativa das coalizões que as empresas buscam influenciar. Em seguida, é reconhecida a limitação do poder de influência das EMNs através de uma extensão do modelo Frieden-Rogowsky, onde se propõe que os setores prejudicados pelo processo de internacionalização tendem, tanto em nível nacional quanto em nível transnacional, a se opor a ações políticas das EMNs. Finalmente, apresenta-se um estudo de caso sobre o Protocolo de Cartagena de Biosegurança, instrumento complementar à Convenção de Biodiversidade (CBD, que regulamenta os organismos geneticamente modificados (OGMs. Uma importante conclusão do trabalho é explicar as circunstâncias em que as EMNs operam como negociadoras, através de sua influência e da utilização de poder estrutural e brando, buscando formar coalizões transnacionais e incentivar a formação de coalizões entre Estados que defendam os seus interesses em contextos intergovernamentais.The main objective of this work is to identify the limits of the influence of multinational companies (MNCs in multilateral negotiation processes. The defence efficiency of their corporate interests depends basically on the confluence between their interests and their national governments' and on the governments' vulnerabilities in relation to the companies' activities as well as on the limited capacity of the coalitions which the companies try to influence. I recognize the limitations of the MNCs' influential power through an extension of the Frieden-Rogowsky model, where I propose that the sectors damaged by the process of

The Southern African Regional Science Initiative (SAFARI 2000): Overview of the Dry Season Field Campaign

Science.gov (United States)

Swap, R. J.; Annegarn, H. J.; Suttles, J. T.; Haywood, J.; Helmlinger, M. C.; Hely, C.; Hobbs, P. V.; Holben, B. N.; Ji, J.; King, M. D.

2002-01-01

The Southern African Regional Science Initiative (SAFARI 2000) is an international project investigating the earth atmosphere -human system in southern Africa. The programme was conducted over a two year period from March 1999 to March 2001. The dry season field campaign (August-September 2000) was the most intensive activity involved over 200 scientist from eighteen countries. The main objectives were to characterize and quantify biogenic, pyrogenic and anthropogenic aerosol and trace gas emissions and their transport and transformations in the atmosphere and to validate NASA's Earth Observing System's Satellite Terra within a scientific context. Five aircraft-- two South African Weather Service Aeorcommanders, the University of Washington's CV-880, the U.K. Meteorological Office's C-130, and NASA's ER-2 --with different altitude capabilities, participated in the campaign. Additional airborne sampling of southern African air masses, that had moved downwind of the subcontinent, was conducted by the CSIRO over Australia. Multiple Observations were made in various geographical sections under different synoptic conditions. Airborne missions were designed to optimize the value of synchronous over-flights of the Terra Satellite platform, above regional ground validation and science targets. Numerous smaller scale ground validation activities took place throughout the subcontinent during the campaign period.

The atmospheric boundary layer over land and sea: Focus on the off-shore Southern Baltic and Southern North Sea region

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Larsen, Søren Ejling

Lecture notes for a short course on the ideal atmospheric boundary layer and its characteristics for different types of real boundary layers, aiming at a discussion of the coastal conditions at the Southern Baltic and North Sea region. The notes are aimed at young scientists (e.g. PhD students......) that study the physics of the atmospheric boundary layer with the purpose of applying this knowledge for remote sensing techniques within offshore wind energy....

Characteristics of regional aerosols: Southern Arizona and eastern Pacific Ocean

Science.gov (United States)

Prabhakar, Gouri

Atmospheric aerosols impact the quality of our life in many direct and indirect ways. Inhalation of aerosols can have harmful effects on human health. Aerosols also have climatic impacts by absorbing or scattering solar radiation, or more indirectly through their interactions with clouds. Despite a better understanding of several relevant aerosol properties and processes in the past years, they remain the largest uncertainty in the estimate of global radiative forcing. The uncertainties arise because although aerosols are ubiquitous in the Earth's atmosphere they are highly variable in space, time and their physicochemical properties. This makes in-situ measurements of aerosols vital in our effort towards reducing uncertainties in the estimate of global radiative forcing due to aerosols. This study is an effort to characterize atmospheric aerosols at a regional scale, in southern Arizona and eastern Pacific Ocean, based on ground and airborne observations of aerosols. Metals and metalloids in particles with aerodynamic diameter (Dp) smaller than 2.5 μm are found to be ubiquitous in southern Arizona. The major sources of the elements considered in the study are identified to be crustal dust, smelting/mining activities and fuel combustion. The spatial and temporal variability in the mass concentrations of these elements depend both on the source strength and meteorological conditions. Aircraft measurements of aerosol and cloud properties collected during various field campaigns over the eastern Pacific Ocean are used to study the sources of nitrate in stratocumulus cloud water and the relevant processes. The major sources of nitrate in cloud water in the region are emissions from ships and wildfires. Different pathways for nitrate to enter cloud water and the role of meteorology in these processes are examined. Observations of microphysical properties of ambient aerosols in ship plumes are examined. The study shows that there is an enhancement in the number

Paleolakes in the Gobi region of southern Mongolia

Science.gov (United States)

Lehmkuhl, Frank; Grunert, Jörg; Hülle, Daniela; Batkhishig, Ochirbat; Stauch, Georg

2018-01-01

Numerous lakes and remnants of paleolakes exist in western and southern Mongolia. For six basins in the area, detailed geomorphological maps were compiled, based on extensive field studies and remote sensing datasets. Several phases of high and low lake levels were reconstructed and dated by radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence. During the marine isotope stage (MIS) 6 lakes in southern and western Mongolia mostly disappeared. In contrast, large paleolakes existed during the last interglacial (MIS 5e) and lasted probably until the beginning of the last glacial. These huge lakes were caused by a strong East Asian summer monsoon, which reached southern and even western Mongolia. During the MIS 3 the monsoon was considerably weaker and most of the lakes were relatively small or even disappeared. Higher lake levels of this period were only recorded at the Orog Nuur. However, at this time the lake was fed by glacial melt water from the Khangai Mountains. The MIS 2 was again a very dry period. The previously supposed phase of synchronous high lake levels and glaciations in southern and western Mongolia is not supported by the data presented here. During the Holocene, lakes in the western and southern part of the study area evolved differently. Early Holocene high lake levels were reconstructed for the western lakes, while most of the southern lakes had highest lake levels in the mid-Holocene. These differences can be attributed to different moisture bearing atmospheric systems. In the late Holocene lake levels were generally low and in the last 50 years most lakes completely disappeared due to a strong human usage of the water resources.

Automedicación y creencias en torno a su práctica en Cartagena, Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Moraima Del Toro Rubio

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Introducción: El uso racional de los medicamentos tiene implicaciones sanitarias de gran importancia, una vez que si se practica la automedicación se generan importantes efectos negativos sobre la salud. Objetivo: Describir las creencias en torno a la práctica de la automedicación entre los habitantes con edades de 20 a 59 años de la localidad 2 de la ciudad de Cartagena, Colombia. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte trasversal. La población de estudio fue de 428 personas, a quienes se les aplicó un instrumento, cuya información se analizó mediante estadística descriptiva. Resultados y Discusión: Los encuestados fueron de sexo femenino (58,6%, de 20-29 años de edad (35%, con formación secundaria completa (29,7%, de procedencia urbana (78%, jefes de hogar (50,2%, en unión libre (44,2%. La prevalencia de la automedicación estuvo en 89,7%. La falta de tiempo (28,3% y la demora en la atención médica (22,7% fueron las principales razones para hacerlo. La principal influencia proviene de la familia (49,3%. Los encuestados creen que algunos medicamentos son milagrosos y de efecto rápido; es común el uso de hierbas y plantas medicinales. Los medicamentos de mayor consumo fueron los destinados al tratamiento del dolor (95,1%, junto con los antipiréticos (72,4% y las vitaminas/minerales (53,7%. Conclusiones: La automedicación fue una práctica muy usada y difundida en la población estudiada. Cómo citar este artículo: Del Toro M, Díaz A, Barrios Z, Castillo IY. Automedicación y creencias en torno a su práctica en Cartagena, Colombia. Rev Cuid. 2017; 8(1: 1509-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v8i1.367

A Regional View of the Margin: Salmonid Abundance and Distribution in the Southern Appalachian Mountains of North Carolina and Virginia

Science.gov (United States)

Patricia A. Flebbe

1994-01-01

In the southern Appalachian Mountains, native brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis and introduced rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and brown trout Salmo trutta are at the southern extremes of their distributions, an often overlooked kind of marginal habitat. At a regional scale composed of the states of Virginia...

Kukimbia: the impact of environmental refugees in Southern Africa. A regional perspective on climate-induced migration

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Jacobs-Mata, Inga M

2017-06-01

Full Text Available , managing authorised movements, and controlling irregular flows. 6Geography of research 7Project purpose and aims • This project focuses on the regional, national and sub-national policy landscape and the preparedness of Southern African countries... in the case study areas identified. 3. To develop local adaptive management strategies for environmental refugees in the case study areas identified. 8Project scales Descriptors Global / regional National Sub-national / Local Unit of analysis SADC region...

Hydrological conceptual model characterisation of an abandoned mine site in semiarid climate. The Sierra de Cartagena-La Unión (SE Spain)

OpenAIRE

ROBLES ARENAS, V.M.; CANDELA, L.

2010-01-01

A comprehensive study at Sierra de Cartagena-La Unión (SE Spain) abandoned mine site was carried out to characterise the regime and water quality of the groundwater system after the mine closure. The system consists of five geologic fractured blocks belonging to the Alpujarride and Nevado-Filabride complexes. The aquifer units are composed of limestone and dolostone materials. Recharge is mainly controlled by the N-130 fault system, man-made induced fractures, open-pits and underground workin...

Cuidadores de Cartagena y su contexto de cuidado: estudio comparativo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Amparo Montalvo-Prieto

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: comparar las características sociodemográficas y de relación de cuidado de cuidadores de niños y adultos con enfermedades crónicas discapacitantes de Cartagena, Colombia. Método: estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo, de corte transversal. Se realizó un muestreo no probabilístico, por conveniencia, entre el 2006 y el 2007. Participaron 300 cuidadores: 98 de niños y 202 de adultos con enfermedades crónicas. Se utilizó la encuesta de caracterización de los cuidadores. Para describir las asociaciones entre las variables seleccionadas se empleó el análisis factorial de correspondencias múltiples. Resultados: ser cuidador de niños se asoció con ser padre o madre, ejercer el rol durante 37 meses o más, dedicarse a actividades del hogar y estar en unión libre. Ser cuidador de adultos se asoció con pacientes mayores, llevar 36 meses o menos como cuidador, ser hijo del paciente y estar casado. Conclusiones: las variables que mejor diferenciaron los dos grupos de cuidadores fueron nivel socioeconómico, estado civil y tiempo de dedicación al cuidado. El grupo de cuidadores de adultos presentó mayor variabilidad en las distintas categorías estudiadas.

[Empathy-related factors in Nursing students of the Cartagena University].

Science.gov (United States)

Madera-Anaya, Meisser; Tirado-Amador, Lesbia; González-Martínez, Farith

2016-01-01

To determine empathy levels and its relationship with sociodemographic, academic and family factors in nursing students. Cross-sectional study, 196 nursing students were randomly selected at the University of Cartagena, Colombia. A questionnaire that asked about sociodemographic, family and academic factors and the Scale of Physician Empathy Jefferson-version S were applied. Shapiro-Wilk test was used to assess the normality assumption. t Student, ANOVA, Pearson test and simple linear regression were used to establish the relationship (pempathy score was 108.6±14.6; statistically significant associations between global empathy with the training year (p=0.004) and grade point average (R(2)=0.058; p=0.001; r=0.240) were found. Moreover, the "perspective taking" dimension with provenance (rural/urban) (p=0.010) and family functioning (p=0.003); the "compassionate care" dimension with the training year (p=0.002) and the "putting themselves in the place of the patient" dimension with academic performance (p=0.034). The empathy levels in nursing students may vary depending on various personal and academic factors,these characteristics should be taken into account for implementing teaching strategies to promote higher empathy levels since the early training years. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

Southern Federal University as a Center for the Development of Inclusive Education in the Region

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Goryunova L.V.,

2017-08-01

Full Text Available The article provides an overview of best practices for inclusive education in higher educational institutions of the country, in terms of assessing its role in the development of inclusion in the regions. Cluster approach is proposed as the main approach to the development of regional inclusive education. The article describes the experience of organizing inclusive education in the Southern Federal University as a basic educational institution of higher education and as a cluster- forming educational organization that provides learning environment for persons with disabilities at all levels of education. The article also reveals the purpose and objectives of the university in the organization and implementation of quality inclusive education as a key development strategy. We analyze the actual state of inclusive education system at the university, which allows us to identify and describe the main activities of the Southern Federal University that ensure the establishment and development of inclusive education system both within the university and in the Rostov region in general. This also provides the opportunity to describe the current experience that may be incorporated in other institutions of higher education thus ensuring the effectiveness of formation of inclusive education system.

Estudio transversal de los determinantes del trabajo infantil en Cartagena, año 2007

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Karina Acevedo

2011-01-01

Full Text Available El trabajo infantil constituye una problemática compleja que tiene importantes repercusiones en las reservas de capital humano, en la salud de los niños y niñas, y en la persistencia de la pobreza. Nuestro principal objetivo en este artículo es dilucidar sus determinantes en la ciudad de Cartagena a través de la estimación de un modelo probit bivariado, con el cual analizamos conjuntamente las decisiones de trabajo y de asistencia escolar. Los resultados muestran que el trabajo infantil y la asistencia escolar son actividades excluyentes, siendo los determinantes más robustos de estas decisiones la educación del jefe de hogar, y la pobreza. Entre otros determinantes se encuentran las restricciones crediticias, la proximidad física a las escuelas y la tasa de ocupación de las personas adultas.

Problems encountered by teenage mothers in the Southern Hho-Hho region of Swaziland

OpenAIRE

Lovegirl S Dlamini; Martie M van der Merwe; Valerie J Ehlers

2003-01-01

A qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual research approach was followed to study the problems experiencedby teenage mothers in the southern Hho-Hho region of Swaziland. Opsomming ’n Kwalitatiewe, eksploratiewe, beskrywende en kontekstuele navorsingsbenadering is gevolg tydens die studie van probleme wat deur tienermoeders in die suidelike Hho-Hho gebied van Swaziland ondervind is. *Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full t...

Environmental mining plan of the construction materials industry in Cartagena, Phase 1 Diagnostic. Vol.1 and Vol.2(Annex); Plan de manejo minero ambiental de la industria extractiva de materiales de construccion en Cartagena Fase 1 Diagnostico. Vol.1 y Vol.2(Anexo)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Castiblanco, Carmen Rosa; Franco Serna, Jose Vicente; Nino, Jaime

1996-07-01

INGEOMINAS carried out this project in the cities of Cartagena, Bucaramanga, Cali and Bogota, in two phases: Phase 1 (Diagnostic) and Phase II (Formulation of Handling Plan). The phase 1 that here is described, it upgrades the knowledge of the extractive industry of the construction materials for the city of Cartagena, through bibliographical revision and field work, carried out in 50 quarries that supply from these materials to the city. This study, besides the economic and legal handling, identifies technical aspects related with the geology, the mining and the environmental situation. In accordance with their likeness, geologic, morphological and of exploitation (extraction methods and mining development), the quarries met in five groups: Exploitations on calcareous deposits of the La Popa Formation, exploitations on clay deposits of the La Popa Formation, exploitations on detritus deposits of half grain to thick (La Popa-Arenosa Formation; Pendales Conglomerate and Rotinet Formation) and exploitation of calcareous of the Arroyo de Piedra Formation. The extraction of these materials is characterized by its low degree of development technician, lack of planning mining, lack of appropriate infrastructure that allows a better development of the sector, is also evident the control lack on the part of the entities in charge of the handling of this industry. These factors added to a demand every time in increase of these materials, they have taken to a progressive deterioration in the landscape, increase of the noise and particles in the air and in the waters. The low control in this activity has generated the proliferation of informal exploitations that they find in this activity a way of subsistence.

Southern Identity in "Southern Living" Magazine

Science.gov (United States)

Lauder, Tracy

2012-01-01

A fantasy-theme analysis of the editors' letters in "Southern Living" magazine shows an editorial vision of valuing the past and showcasing unique regional qualities. In addition, a content analysis of the visual representation of race in the magazine's formative years and recent past validates that inhabitants of the region were portrayed…

Reemergence of rabies in the southern Han river region, Korea.

Science.gov (United States)

Oem, Jae-Ku; Kim, Seong-Hee; Kim, Yeon-Hee; Lee, Myoung-Heon; Lee, Kyoung-Ki

2014-07-01

Recently, 11 cases of animal rabies were reported in the southern region (Suwon and Hwaseong cities) of Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. The cases were temporally separated into two cases in dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) in spring 2012 and nine cases in domestic animals and wildlife in winter 2012-13. All carcasses were submitted for histopathologic examination and viral antigen identification. Sequences of the glycoprotein, nucleoprotein, and glycoprotein-large polymerase protein intergenic noncoding loci of the 11 strains were determined and compared with published reference sequences. All rabies strains were closely related to the Gangwon strains isolated in 2008-09, suggesting that the rabies virus strains isolated in Gyeonggi were introduced from Gangwon Province.

Violencia contra las mujeres en tres ciudades de Colombia: Pasto, Cartagena y Cali. 2005-2009

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Beatriz Londoño Toro

2014-05-01

Full Text Available Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación que evidencia la gravedad de la situación de violencia contra la mujer con un examen específico de este fenómeno en las relaciones de pareja. El aporte de las investigadoras radica en la documentación de los principales problemas referidos a la dinámica de las vulneraciones, tipologías de agresores, formas de violencia e incluso períodos en que se incrementan estos fenómenos a partir de las cifras de los Observatorios Regionales de Cali, Pasto y Cartagena (Colombia. Finaliza con unas propuestas relacionadas con el fortalecimiento de las políticas públicas, respuesta estatal e institucional y diseño de mecanismos de acceso a la justicia para las mujeres.

Evaluation of the 10th Grade Computerized Mathematics Curriculum from the Perspective of the Teachers and Educational Supervisors in the Southern Region in Jordan

Science.gov (United States)

Al-Tarawneh, Sabri Hassan; Al-Qadi, Haitham Mamdouh

2016-01-01

This study aimed at evaluating the 10th grade computerized mathematics curriculum from the perspective of the teachers and supervisors in the southern region in Jordan. The study population consisted of all the teachers who teach the 10th grade in the southern region, with the total of (309) teachers and (20) supervisors. The sample consisted of…

Problems encountered by teenage mothers in the Southern Hho-Hho region of Swaziland

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lovegirl S Dlamini

2003-11-01

Full Text Available A qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual research approach was followed to study the problems experiencedby teenage mothers in the southern Hho-Hho region of Swaziland. Opsomming ’n Kwalitatiewe, eksploratiewe, beskrywende en kontekstuele navorsingsbenadering is gevolg tydens die studie van probleme wat deur tienermoeders in die suidelike Hho-Hho gebied van Swaziland ondervind is. *Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.

Environmental mining plan of the construction materials industry in Cartagena, Phase 1 Diagnostic. Vol.1 and Vol.2(Annex)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Castiblanco, Carmen Rosa; Franco Serna, Jose Vicente; Nino, Jaime

1996-01-01

INGEOMINAS carried out this project in the cities of Cartagena, Bucaramanga, Cali and Bogota, in two phases: Phase 1 (Diagnostic) and Phase II (Formulation of Handling Plan). The phase 1 that here is described, it upgrades the knowledge of the extractive industry of the construction materials for the city of Cartagena, through bibliographical revision and field work, carried out in 50 quarries that supply from these materials to the city. This study, besides the economic and legal handling, identifies technical aspects related with the geology, the mining and the environmental situation. In accordance with their likeness, geologic, morphological and of exploitation (extraction methods and mining development), the quarries met in five groups: Exploitations on calcareous deposits of the La Popa Formation, exploitations on clay deposits of the La Popa Formation, exploitations on detritus deposits of half grain to thick (La Popa-Arenosa Formation; Pendales Conglomerate and Rotinet Formation) and exploitation of calcareous of the Arroyo de Piedra Formation. The extraction of these materials is characterized by its low degree of development technician, lack of planning mining, lack of appropriate infrastructure that allows a better development of the sector, is also evident the control lack on the part of the entities in charge of the handling of this industry. These factors added to a demand every time in increase of these materials, they have taken to a progressive deterioration in the landscape, increase of the noise and particles in the air and in the waters. The low control in this activity has generated the proliferation of informal exploitations that they find in this activity a way of subsistence

Idea de la Historia y proyecto iconográfico en la Anacephaleosis de Alonso de Cartagena

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fernández Gallardo, Luis

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Alonso of Cartagena (1385-1456 wrote “motu proprio” the Genealogía de los reyes de España. However, the writing process itself was discontinous. First, it was meant for King John II (1454- . But after his dead, it ended as dedicated to the chapter of Burgos (1456, because it was disregarded by King Henry IV. In the Preface he develops humanistic topics and justifies the double nature of his work by means of the medieval mnemotecnic theory. Don Alonso produced a rigorous iconic system. It combines clothing, attributes and gestures, to provide a picture of castilian royalty, that praises the “fortitudo”. This fundamental virtue is aimed at enhancing the war against the Moors, which is thought as the proper commitment of the Hispanic Monarchy.

Alonso de Cartagena (1385-1456 escribió “motu proprio” la Genealogía de los reyes de España. Su composición fue discontinua. Fue dedicada primeramente a Juan II, pero al morir éste, acabó dedicada al cabildo burgalés, pues no interesó al sucesor Enrique IV. En el prólogo se introducen tópicos humanísticos y se justifica la doble naturaleza, verbal e icónica, de la obra en el marco de la teoría mnemotécnica del Medievo. Don Alonso construye un riguroso sistema icónico, que combina vestimenta, atributos y gestos, para ofrecer una imagen de la realeza castellana que exalta la “fortitudo”, la virtud axial orientada hacia la lucha contra los moros, que para él constituye la misión propia de la monarquía hispana.

Southern Regional Center for Lightweight Innovative Design

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wang, Paul T. [Mississippi State Univ., Mississippi State, MS (United States)

2012-12-01

The Southern Regional Center for Lightweight Innovative Design (SRCLID) has developed an experimentally validated cradle-to-grave modeling and simulation effort to optimize automotive components in order to decrease weight and cost, yet increase performance and safety in crash scenarios. In summary, the three major objectives of this project are accomplished: To develop experimentally validated cradle-to-grave modeling and simulation tools to optimize automotive and truck components for lightweighting materials (aluminum, steel, and Mg alloys and polymer-based composites) with consideration of uncertainty to decrease weight and cost, yet increase the performance and safety in impact scenarios; To develop multiscale computational models that quantify microstructure-property relations by evaluating various length scales, from the atomic through component levels, for each step of the manufacturing process for vehicles; and To develop an integrated K-12 educational program to educate students on lightweighting designs and impact scenarios. In this final report, we divided the content into two parts: the first part contains the development of building blocks for the project, including materials and process models, process-structure-property (PSP) relationship, and experimental validation capabilities; the second part presents the demonstration task for Mg front-end work associated with USAMP projects.

Interactive Lab to Learn Radio Astronomy, Microwave & Antenna Engineering at the Technical University of Cartagena (Spain

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Fernando Daniel Quesada-Pereira

2011-02-01

Full Text Available An initiative carried out at the Technical University of Cartagena (UPCT, Spain to encourage students and promote the interest for Scientific and Engineering Culture between society is presented in this contribution. For this purpose, a long-term project based on the set-up of an interactive laboratory surrounding a small Radio Telescope (SRT system has been carried out. The main novelty is that this project is entirely being developed by students of last courses of our Telecommunication Engineering Faculty, under the supervision of four lecturers. This lab offers the possibility to remotely control the SRT, and it provides a set of multimedia web-based applications to produce a novel, practical, multidisciplinary virtual laboratory to improve the learning and teaching processes in related sciences and technologies.

El homosexual en tiempos del sida: imaginarios, subjetividades y políticas públicas en Cartagena de Indias 1981-1989

OpenAIRE

Jiménez Ortega, Muriel

2012-01-01

En este trabajo se hace un análisis de los primeros años del VIH/Sida en Cartagena (Colombia) y la manera en que esta se constituyó en una nueva forma de control sobre el cuerpo y la sexualidad, en especial sobre la homosexualidad masculina. A través de la revisión de la prensa de la década de 1980 evidenciamos las fuertes representaciones e imaginarios que vincularon al Sida con la homosexualidad, y la manera en que esto generó nuevas formas de discriminación y exclusión para ...

Representaciones sociales sobre Universidad pública de estudiantes del centro tutorial San Juan Nepomuceno de la Universidad de Cartagena

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Zoahamy Ardila Ramos

2017-08-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo pretende dar cuenta de los avances del estudio referido a las representaciones sociales sobre universidad pública de estudiantes del centro tutorial San Juan Nepomuceno; de la Universidad de Cartagena (Colombia, las cuales fueron identificadas a través del análisis discursivo, expresado en entrevistas semiestructuradas dirigidas a estos en la etapa de recolección de información primaria; los principales hallazgos dan cuenta de una construcción lingüística acrítica de la categoría: Universidad Pública, evidenciándose representaciones sociales descontextualizadas del enfoque de derecho.

The competitive environment for entrepreneurship in the Colombian Caribbean region: case of Barranquilla, Cartagena, Santa Marta and Sincelejo

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Jairo Alonso Orozco Triana

2013-08-01

Full Text Available Rev.esc.adm.neg Este artículo tiene como propósito hacer un análisis de algunos de los trabajos hechos por la Comisión de Memoria Histórica de Colombia a la luz de categorías sobre la memoria que permitan establecer juicios de valoración sobre este ejercicio, y mirar alternativas en los caminos que quedan por recorrer en el país, sobre todo, de cara a los procesos educativos de una Colombia que necesita aprender a construir en el postconflicto.Sustentados en la Teoría Institucional de Douglas North y en los aportes de William Baumol, en este artículo se analiza el entorno competitivo para el emprendimiento en las cuatro ciudades principales del Caribe Colombiano: Barranquilla, Sincelejo, Cartagena y Santa Marta. El análisis parte de la opinión de unos expertos consultados para el estudio Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Caribe 2010. Los expertos seleccionados son personajes influyentes y conocedores desde diversos ámbitos del emprendimiento, por tanto el análisis de su perspectiva se constituye como una fuente importante para contextualizar el emprendimiento y poder generar las estrategias más adecuadas que permitan mejorar la competitividad global del territorio Caribe. Los resultados se dividen en dos, por un lado la opinión de los expertos en diversas categorías de las instituciones formales tales como políticas y programas, públicos, educación, legislación de propiedad intelectual; y por otro lado, sobre las instituciones informales como condicionantes sociales para el emprendimiento, tales como motivaciones, percepción de oportunidades, cultura a la innovación, entre otros. El profundo análisis de los resultados da cuenta de una institucionalidad formal resquebrajada con unas políticas públicas débiles, pocas fuentes de financiamiento y pocos incentivos, pero con unas instituciones informales, es decir, con los condicionamientos sociales en franca mejora. Este entorno constituye un ambiente de alguna forma hostil

THE EUROPEAN UNION AS A DRIVER OF REGIONAL COOPERATION IN ITS SOUTHERN NEIGHBOURHOOD

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Gabriela Irina ION

2015-09-01

Full Text Available The European Union's policy towards its southern periphery in North Africa and the Middle East has sought to promote regional cooperation both between itself and the Arab partner states and, most importantly, among the Arab states. The Euro-Mediterranean Partnership, and later on, the Union for the Mediterranean introduced, after decades of superficial institutionalization of Euro-Mediterranean relations, an element of novelty in the form of the regionalism it promoted and the multilateral setting it was creating. However outstanding at its debut, this experiment of „building” a Mediterranean region, where security and peaceful change would be brought about by the states' willingness to cooperate through multilateral mechanisms has failed. The EU's efforts to create a Mediterranean region have been stymied not only by what can amount to an unrealistic perception regarding intra-Arab dynamics, but also by changes in the substance of the Euro-Mediterranean institutional setting. Namely, the region-building multilateralism of the EMP has been side-lined by the pragmatic bilateralism of the UfM.

Southern Africa’s Water–Energy Nexus: Towards Regional Integration and Development

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Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi

2016-06-01

Full Text Available The Southern African Development Community’s (SADC water and energy sectors are under increasing pressure due to population growth and agricultural and industrial development. Climate change is also negatively impacting on the region’s water and energy resources. As the majority of SADC’s population lives in poverty, regional development and integration are underpinned by water and energy security as the watercourses in the region are transboundary in nature. This paper reviews the region’s water and energy resources and recommends policies based on the water–energy nexus approach. This is achieved by reviewing literature on water and energy resources as well as policy issues. Water resources governance provides a strong case to create a water–energy nexus platform to support regional planning and integration as SADC countries share similar climatic and hydrological conditions. However, there has been a gap between water and energy sector planning in terms of policy alignment and technical convergence. These challenges hinder national policies on delivering economic and social development goals, as well as constraining the regional goal of greater integration. Regional objectives on sustainable energy and access to clean water for all can only be achieved through the recognition of the water–energy nexus, championed in an integrated and sustainable manner. A coordinated regional water–energy nexus approach stimulates economic growth, alleviates poverty and reduces high unemployment rates. The shared nature of water and energy resources requires far more transboundary water–energy nexus studies to be done in the context of regional integration and policy formulation.

Indian Ocean Dipole and El Niño/Southern Oscillation impacts on regional chlorophyll anomalies in the Indian Ocean

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J. C. Currie

2013-10-01

Full Text Available The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD and the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO are independent climate modes, which frequently co-occur, driving significant interannual changes within the Indian Ocean. We use a four-decade hindcast from a coupled biophysical ocean general circulation model, to disentangle patterns of chlorophyll anomalies driven by these two climate modes. Comparisons with remotely sensed records show that the simulation competently reproduces the chlorophyll seasonal cycle, as well as open-ocean anomalies during the 1997/1998 ENSO and IOD event. Results suggest that anomalous surface and euphotic-layer chlorophyll blooms in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean in fall, and southern Bay of Bengal in winter, are primarily related to IOD forcing. A negative influence of IOD on chlorophyll concentrations is shown in a region around the southern tip of India in fall. IOD also depresses depth-integrated chlorophyll in the 5–10° S thermocline ridge region, yet the signal is negligible in surface chlorophyll. The only investigated region where ENSO has a greater influence on chlorophyll than does IOD, is in the Somalia upwelling region, where it causes a decrease in fall and winter chlorophyll by reducing local upwelling winds. Yet unlike most other regions examined, the combined explanatory power of IOD and ENSO in predicting depth-integrated chlorophyll anomalies is relatively low in this region, suggestive that other drivers are important there. We show that the chlorophyll impact of climate indices is frequently asymmetric, with a general tendency for larger positive than negative chlorophyll anomalies. Our results suggest that ENSO and IOD cause significant and predictable regional re-organisation of chlorophyll via their influence on near-surface oceanography. Resolving the details of these effects should improve our understanding, and eventually gain predictability, of interannual changes in Indian Ocean productivity, fisheries

La influencia de la descarga del Canal del Dique en los niveles del mar de la Bahía de Cartagena-Colombia

OpenAIRE

Molares Babra, Ricardo; Mestres Ridge, Marc

2012-01-01

El incremento en los eventos de inundaciones no relacionados con marejadas es frecuente en Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, durante los meses de octubre y noviembre. Esta situación pone en riesgo las inversiones realizadas por la Administración Municipal y por la empresa privada, en torno a la infraestructura turística alrededor de la bahía, pues parte de su economía giran alrededor de actividades turísticas y marítimas. Los eventos de inundación podrían relacionarse con la descarga de agua ...

Southern Pine Beetle Information System (SPBIS)

Science.gov (United States)

Valli Peacher

2011-01-01

The southern pine beetle (SPB) is the most destructive forest insect in the South. The SPB attacks all species of southern pine, but loblolly and shortleaf are most susceptible. The Southern Pine Beetle Information System (SPBIS) is the computerized database used by the national forests in the Southern Region for tracking individual southern pine beetle infestations....

Geographic/conceptual delimitation of the «Southern Mediterranean». A Regional Security Complex?

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Alberto Priego Moreno

2016-07-01

Full Text Available This article seeks to analyse how the Mediterranean Area has evolved after the changes occurred with the so-called Arab Springs. The main idea is to focus on the Southern Mediterranean as a dynamic space that expands itself as a result of its internal transformations and subsequent external changes caused by the Arab Spring. We will use the IR theory of the Regional Security Complex as it is considered as the most adaptable to this changing reality.

Causes of death among full term stillbirths and early neonatal deaths in the Region of Southern Denmark

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Basu, Millie; Johnsen, Iben Birgit Gade; Wehberg, Sonja

2018-01-01

OBJECTIVE: We examined the causes of death amongst full term stillbirths and early neonatal deaths. METHODS: Our cohort includes women in the Region of Southern Denmark, who gave birth at full term to a stillborn infant or a neonate who died within the first 7 days from 2010 through 2014. Demogra......OBJECTIVE: We examined the causes of death amongst full term stillbirths and early neonatal deaths. METHODS: Our cohort includes women in the Region of Southern Denmark, who gave birth at full term to a stillborn infant or a neonate who died within the first 7 days from 2010 through 2014....... Demographic, biometric and clinical variables were analyzed to assess the causes of death using two classification systems: causes of death and associated conditions (CODAC) and a Danish system based on initial causes of fetal death (INCODE). RESULTS: A total of 95 maternal-infant cases were included. Using...

Genetic Structure and Demographic History Reveal Migration of the Diamondback Moth Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) from the Southern to Northern Regions of China

Science.gov (United States)

Wei, Shu-Jun; Shi, Bao-Cai; Gong, Ya-Jun; Jin, Gui-Hua; Chen, Xue-Xin; Meng, Xiang-Feng

2013-01-01

The diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) is one of the most destructive insect pests of cruciferous plants worldwide. Biological, ecological and genetic studies have indicated that this moth is migratory in many regions around the world. Although outbreaks of this pest occur annually in China and cause heavy damage, little is known concerning its migration. To better understand its migration pattern, we investigated the population genetic structure and demographic history of the diamondback moth by analyzing 27 geographical populations across China using four mitochondrial genes and nine microsatellite loci. The results showed that high haplotype diversity and low nucleotide diversity occurred in the diamondback moth populations, a finding that is typical for migratory species. No genetic differentiation among all populations and no correlation between genetic and geographical distance were found. However, pairwise analysis of the mitochondrial genes has indicated that populations from the southern region were more differentiated than those from the northern region. Gene flow analysis revealed that the effective number of migrants per generation into populations of the northern region is very high, whereas that into populations of the southern region is quite low. Neutrality testing, mismatch distribution and Bayesian Skyline Plot analyses based on mitochondrial genes all revealed that deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and sudden expansion of the effective population size were present in populations from the northern region but not in those from the southern region. In conclusion, all our analyses strongly demonstrated that the diamondback moth migrates within China from the southern to northern regions with rare effective migration in the reverse direction. Our research provides a successful example of using population genetic approaches to resolve the seasonal migration of insects. PMID:23565158

Cambios paisajísticos y efectos medioambientales debidos a la agricultura intensiva en la Comarca de Campo de Cartagena-Mar Menor (Murcia

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Caballero Pedraza, Agustín

2015-12-01

Full Text Available The culture by greenhouses has been one of the greatest agricultural transformations in the world, but especially in the southeastern Spanish. The main objective of this study was to analyze the transformation of the landscape and some of its environmental effects that, in the region of Cartagena-Mar Menor, have taken place in the recent decades as a result of the massive installation of greenhouses. We evaluated the areas occupied by greenhouses in some reference years, by digitizing orthophotos and statistical analysis. The results show a steady increase of the area occupied by greenhouses since 1980, related with the arrival of the waters from river Tajo to Segura. This type of intensive agriculture has very positive economic aspects, but show other negative from an environmental viewpoint: waste (solid and liquid, increasing the runoff and therefore flooding, or the possible contamination of the Mar Menor.El cultivo mediante invernaderos ha supuesto una de las mayores transformaciones agrícolas en el mundo, pero en especial en el sureste español. El objetivo general de este estudio ha sido analizar la transformación del paisaje y algunos de sus efectos medioambientales que, en la comarca de Cartagena-Mar Menor, ha tenido lugar en las últimas décadas, como consecuencia de la instalación masiva de invernaderos. Para ello se han evaluado las superficies ocupadas por invernaderos en varios años de referencia, mediante digitalización de ortofotos y análisis estadístico. Los resultados muestran un aumento creciente de la superficie de invernaderos, desde 1980, relacionado con el trasvase Tajo-Segura. Este tipo de agricultura intensiva tiene aspectos socioeconómicos muy positivos, pero se ponen de manifiesto otros aspectos negativos desde un punto de vista medioambiental: residuos generados (sólidos y líquidos, aumento de las escorrentías y por tanto de las inundaciones, o la posible contaminación del Mar Menor. [fr] La culture en

Desequilibrios territoriales en Cartagena de Indias, análisis desde la distribución de los equipamentos.

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Israel Cabeza Morales

2015-03-01

Full Text Available El análisis de los equipamientos puede aportar al tratamiento de las problemáticas del desarrollo más allá de una perspectiva de sostenibilidad, por lo cual se toma el concepto de cohesión territorial como sinónimo de equilibrio, y se constituye en referente para pensar en el desarrollo de los territorios en función de sus gentes. Este tipo de ejercicios muestra, a partir de la relación entre la distribución de los equipamientos y la funcionalidad económica de algunas zonas en Cartagena de Indias, los desequilibrios territoriales que pueden ser reducidos al insertar la cohesión como herramienta para los procesos de ordenamiento territorial.

“TERRITORIOS PROHIBIDOS” LAS MUJERES EN ELCAMINO HACIA LA VIDA POLÍTICA, CARTAGENA DURANTE LA PRIMERA MITAD DELSIGLO XX

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Raul Cera Ochoa

2012-08-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se presenta un conjunto de hechos, que durante las primeras décadas del siglo XX en Cartagena promueven la inclusión y participación de las mujeres a la vida política de esta ciudad. Se trata de analizar, el camino que ellas tuvieron que transitar para lograr el reconocimiento pleno de los derechos políticos y trascender la condición que la sociedad les había atribuido: las labores domésticas; las costumbres puritanas, la moral cristiana y los estereotipos de género patriarcales, lo que impedía de hecho y formalmente su participación en asuntos públicos.

LOS (AS ADOLESCENTES HABLAN DE PATERNIDAD Y MATERNIDAD EN CARTAGENA DE INDIAS: CASOS SANTA LUCÍA Y CEBALLOS

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Carmen Alvear Romero

2006-08-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo hace una reflexión en torno a las demandas de cambio en el ejercicio de la Maternidad y Paternidad a partir de las representaciones sociales que sobre estas funciones parentales realizan hijos e hijas adolescentes en la ciudad de Cartagena, casos Santa Lucia y Ceballos. Develar las voces y significaciones de los(as jóvenes frente a categorías como autoridad, afectividad y división sexual de roles en el hogar, es una oportunidad para potenciar a esta población como protagonistas de nuevas formas de relación e interacción familiar y social, que complementa los tradicionales esquemas de entender e intervenir el sistema familiar

Local extirpations and regional declines of endemic upper beach invertebrates in southern California

Science.gov (United States)

Hubbard, D. M.; Dugan, J. E.; Schooler, N. K.; Viola, S. M.

2014-10-01

Along the world's highly valued and populous coastlines, the upper intertidal zones of sandy beach ecosystems and the biodiversity that these zones support are increasingly threatened by impacts of human activities, coastal development, erosion, and climate change. The upper zones of beaches typically support invertebrates with restricted distributions and dispersal, making them particularly vulnerable to habitat loss and fragmentation. We hypothesized that disproportionate loss or degradation of these zones in the last century has resulted in declines of upper shore macroinvertebrates in southern California. We identified a suite of potentially vulnerable endemic upper beach invertebrates with direct development, low dispersal and late reproduction. Based on the availability of printed sources and museum specimens, we investigated historical changes in distribution and abundance of two intertidal isopod species (Tylos punctatus, Alloniscus perconvexus) in southern California. Populations of these isopods have been extirpated at numerous historically occupied sites: T. punctatus from 16 sites (57% decrease), and A. perconvexus from 14 sites (64% decrease). During the same period, we found evidence of only five colonization events. In addition, the northern range limit of the southern species, T. punctatus, moved south by 31 km (8% of range on California mainland) since 1971. Abundances of T. punctatus have declined on the mainland coast; only three recently sampled populations had abundances >7000 individuals m-1. For A. perconvexus populations, abundances >100 individuals m-1 now appear to be limited to the northern part of the study area. Our results show that numerous local extirpations of isopod populations have resulted in regional declines and in greatly reduced population connectivity in several major littoral cells of southern California. Two of the six major littoral cells (Santa Barbara and Zuma) in the area currently support 74% of the remaining isopod

The 2014 assessment of stream quality in the Piedmont and southern Appalachian Mountain region of southeastern United States

Science.gov (United States)

Celeste Journey; Paul M. Bradley; Peter Van Metre

2016-01-01

During the spring and summer of 2014, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water- Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA) assessed stream quality across the Piedmont and southern Appalachian Mountain region in the southeastern United States.

Creencias y prácticas de la sexualidad en adolescentes embarazadas en Cartagena, Colombia - 2014

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Celia Castillo Torres

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Este estudio analiza cómo las adolescentes de niveles socioeconómicos bajos en la ciudad de Cartagena, Colombia, han construido sus creencias y prácticas sobre la sexualidad. El diseño de la investigación es de tipo cualitativo, específicamente con un enfoque etnográfico centrado en lo que las participantes expresaron en cuanto a sus experiencias, actitudes, valores, roles, tradiciones y creencias. Igualmente, se analizó la apropiación de conductas que generan estilos de vida y formas de relacionamiento que inciden sobre la presencia del embarazo a temprana edad. Se observó que las creencias y prácticas de sexualidad de estas jóvenes adolescentes se han construido de lo que culturalmente se ha transmitido de generación en generación, ejerciendo una gran influencia la dinámica social, los mecanismos de ocio y esparcimiento.

Las TIC y el apoyo social: una respuesta desde enfermería en Cartagena (Colombia

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Elizabeth Romero Massa

2010-01-01

Full Text Available La experiencia de cuidar personas con enfermedad crónica desarrolla potencialidades y riesgos que ameritan ser reconocidos. El impacto de la enfermedad crónica en la familia, el desarrollo humano, los problemas del rol, las interacciones interpersonales y el cuidado del propio cuidador determinan la presencia de los grupos de autoayuda de tipo formal e informal. Se presenta una revisión de los aspectos conceptuales de la cronicidad desde el referente epidemiológico, el impacto de ésta en el cuidador y la propuesta del apoyo social a través de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TICs, del grupo de cuidado de la Facultad de Enfermería de la Universidad de Cartagena, utilizando la radio y la web, y orientada al fortalecimiento de los cuidadores, a la constitución de redes de apoyo y a visibilizar su condición.

Range-edge genetic diversity: locally poor extant southern patches maintain a regionally diverse hotspot in the seagrass Zostera marina.

Science.gov (United States)

Diekmann, Onno E; Serrão, Ester A

2012-04-01

Refugial populations at the rear edge are predicted to contain higher genetic diversity than those resulting from expansion, such as in post-glacial recolonizations. However, peripheral populations are also predicted to have decreased diversity compared to the centre of a species' distribution. We aim to test these predictions by comparing genetic diversity in populations at the limits of distribution of the seagrass Zostera marina, with populations in the species' previously described central diversity 'hotspot'. Zostera marina populations show decreased allelic richness, heterozygosity and genotypic richness in both the 'rear' edge and the 'leading' edge compared to the diversity 'hotspot' in the North Sea/Baltic region. However, when populations are pooled, genetic diversity at the southern range is as high as in the North Sea/Baltic region while the 'leading edge' remains low in genetic diversity. The decreased genetic diversity in these southern Iberian populations compared to more central populations is possibly the effect of drift because of small effective population size, as a result of reduced habitat, low sexual reproduction and low gene flow. However, when considering the whole southern edge of distribution rather than per population, diversity is as high as in the central 'hotspot' in the North Sea/Baltic region. We conclude that diversity patterns assessed per population can mask the real regional richness that is typical of rear edge populations, which have played a key role in the species biogeographical history and as marginal diversity hotspots have very high conservation value. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Las facciones del Liberalismo en Cartagena: rivalidades y conflictos por el poder, 1930-1945

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Muriel Vanegas Beltrán

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo tiene como propósito central analizar, a través de las causas, acciones e intereses de las facciones del liberalismo en Cartagena, las circunstancias nacionales y locales que incidieron en las profundas divisiones que presentó el partido liberal en esta ciudad, entre 1930 y 1945. Se demuestra que los enfrentamientos políticos, las confrontaciones y rivalidades que las facciones presentaron, son el producto de los diversos intereses de los líderes liberales locales, así como de sus disputas internas por el acceso y control del poder. Pese al despertar de tendencias sociales reformadoras y revolucionarias características de la República Liberal, la polarización del liberalismo alrededor de los líderes políticos locales impidió la construcción de un proyecto político común. En consecuencia, el resultado es la muestra del panorama de conflictividad y rivalidad imperante, justamente en el contexto histórico que buscaba erigir a Colombia sobre un Estado moderno.

Low crustal velocities and mantle lithospheric variations in southern Tibet from regional Pnl waveforms

Science.gov (United States)

Rodgers, Arthur J.; Schwartz, Susan Y.

We report low average crustal P-wave velocities (5.9-6.1 km/s, Poisson's ratio 0.23-0.27, thickness 68-76 km) in southern Tibet from modelling regional Pnl waveforms recorded by the 1991-1992 Tibetan Plateau Experiment. We also find that the mantle lithosphere beneath the Indus-Tsangpo Suture and the Lhasa Terrane is shield-like (Pn velocity 8.20-8.25 km/s, lid thickness 80-140 km, positive velocity gradient 0.0015-0.0025 s-1). Analysis of relative Pn travel time residuals requires a decrease in the mantle velocities beneath the northern Lhasa Terrane, the Banggong-Nujiang Suture and the southern Qiangtang Terrane. Tectonic and petrologic considerations suggest that low bulk crustal velocities could result from a thick (50-60 km) felsic upper crust with vertically limited and laterally pervasive partial melt. These results are consistent with underthrusting of Indian Shield lithosphere beneath the Tibetan Plateau to at least the central Lhasa Terrane.

Cognitive Stimulation of Elderly Residents in Social Protection Centers in Cartagena, 2014.

Science.gov (United States)

Melguizo Herrera, Estela; Bertel De La Hoz, Anyel; Paternina Osorio, Diego; Felfle Fuentes, Yurani; Porto Osorio, Leidy

To determine the effectiveness of a program of cognitive stimulation of the elderly residents in Social Protection Centers in Cartagena, 2014. Quasi-experimental study with pre and post tests in control and experimental groups. A sample of 37 elderly residents in Social Protection Centers participated: 23 in the experimental group and 14 in the control group. A survey and a mental evaluation test (Pfeiffer) were applied. The experimental group participated in 10 sessions of cognitive stimulation. The paired t-test showed statistically significant differences in the Pfeiffer test, pre and post intervention, compared to the experimental group (P=.0005). The unpaired t-test showed statistically significant differences in Pfeiffer test results to the experimental and control groups (P=.0450). The analysis of the main components showed that more interrelated variables were: age, diseases, number of errors and test results; which were grouped around the disease variable, with a negative association. The intervention demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in cognitive functionality of the elderly. Nursing can lead this type of intervention. It should be studied further to strengthen and clarify these results. Copyright © 2016 Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría. Publicado por Elsevier España. All rights reserved.

Mercury in canned tuna marketed in Cartagena, Colombia, and estimation of human exposure.

Science.gov (United States)

Alcala-Orozco, Maria; Morillo-Garcia, Yenifer; Caballero-Gallardo, Karina; Olivero-Verbel, Jesus

2017-12-01

The presence of mercury in tuna is ubiquitous, so national authorities should guarantee food safety of canned tuna available on the market, according to legal regulations. The objective of this survey was to assess total mercury (T-Hg) levels in brands of canned tuna marketed in Cartagena, Colombia, and determine fish consumption-based risks after ingestion. For that purpose, 252 cans of tuna were collected, representing 6 brands (A-F), in 2 mediums (water and oil). Mean T-Hg levels were 0.66 ± 0.05 and 0.61 ± 0.05 µg g -1 wet weight, for water and oil, respectively. High T-Hg concentrations were measured in brands B and D. Only brands E and F guaranteed low risk for Hg-related health problems. According to Colombia's legislation, 15.5% of the samples exceeded the maximum level of 1.0 µg g -1 for mercury and 18.3% was higher than limits as recommended by Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organisation (0.5 µg g -1 ). It was concluded that consumption of canned tuna could represent a high risk for the Colombian population, particularly to vulnerable groups.

[Informal sellers' health status and working conditions in the Bazurto market in Cartagena].

Science.gov (United States)

Gómez-Palencia, Isabel P; Castillo-Ávila, Irma Y; Banquez-Salas, Annia P; Castro-Ortega, Audrey J; Lara-Escalante, Hilda R

2012-06-01

Determining informal sellers' health status and working conditions in the Bazurto market in Cartagena. The target population consisted of informal sellers working in the Bazurto market; sample size consisted of 584 sellers. A check-list was used to describe their working conditions. A "health disorders" test and neurotoxic symptoms scale (Q16) were used to determine health status and the body mass index (BMI) for determining nutritional status. 583 sellers participated in the study, having an average age of 39 years (38-40 95 %CI). 87.8 % (512) of the participants were exposed to constant noise, 84.9 % (495) worked in places having high temperatures, 74.1 % (432) were exposed to dust, and 69.8 % (407) did not use personal protective equipment. They were working 10 hours a day on average. 71 % (414) suffered from physical exhaustion, 72.4 % (422) had headaches, 63.7 % (371) had back pain and 62.7 % (365) suffered from pains in their legs. The target population's physical environment was inadequate, they worked for too many hours and some workplaces were dangerous. The informal sellers' symptoms included back pain, headaches, leg pain, eye strain and physical fatigue.

Soil organic matter composition and quality across fire severity gradients in coniferous and deciduous forests of the southern boreal region

Science.gov (United States)

Jessica R. Miesel; William C. Hockaday; Randy Kolka; Philip A. Townsend

2015-01-01

Recent patterns of prolonged regional drought in southern boreal forests of the Great Lakes region, USA, suggest that the ecological effects of disturbance by wildfire may become increasingly severe. Losses of forest soil organic matter (SOM) during fire can limit soil nutrient availability and forest regeneration. These processes are also influenced by the composition...

Soporte social con Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación a cuidadores: Una experiencia en Cartagena, Colombia Suporte social com tecnologias da informação e a comunicação a cuidadores: uma experiência em Cartagena, Colômbia Social support with information technologies and communication to caregivers: An experience in Cartagena, Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Inna Elida Flórez Torres

2012-03-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Determinar la efectividad del soporte social mediante la radio y la web, en cuidadores de Cartagena, Colombia. Metodología. Investigación cuasi-experimental, realizada en 2010 con la participación de 86 cuidadores a quienes se les aplicó el instrumento Inventario de soporte social en enfermedad crónica de Hilbert, antes y después de una intervención de soporte social con la ayuda de la radio y la web. Se empleó la prueba ANOVA para evaluar las diferencias en los cambios de puntaje de las dimensiones de la escala utilizada. Resultados. Los puntajes promedios de las dimensiones antes y después de la intervención fueron respectivamente por dimensión, así: Guía: 59.6 y 81.9; Interacción personal: 43.3 y 51.6; Retroalimentación: 20.7 y 27.3; Interacción social: 20.6 y 25.7. Para todas las dimensiones se encontraron diferencias significativas en los promedios. Conclusión. Existe evidencia a favor de que el soporte social con Tecnología de Información y Comunicación fue efectivo en los cuidadores intervenidos.Objetivo. Determinar a efetividade do suporte social através da rádio e a web, em cuidadores de Cartagena, Colômbia. Metodologia. Investigação quase-experimental, realizada em 2010 com a participação de 86 cuidadores a quem se lhes aplicou o instrumento Inventario de suporte social em doença crônica de Hilbert, antes e depois de uma intervenção de suporte social através da rádio e a web. Empregou-se a prova ANOVA para avaliar as diferenças nas mudanças de pontuação das dimensões da escala utilizada. Resultados. As pontuações médias das dimensões antes e depois da intervenção foram respectivamente por dimensão, assim: Guia: 59.6 e 81.9; Interação pessoal: 43.3 e 51.6; Retroalimentação: 20.7 e 27.3; Interação social: 20.6 e 25.7. Para todas as dimensões se encontraram diferenças significativas nas médias. Conclusão. Existe evidência a favor que o suporte social com Tecnologia de

Atmospheric deposition of trace elements recorded in snow from the Mt. Nyainqêntanglha region, southern Tibetan Plateau.

Science.gov (United States)

Huang, Jie; Kang, Shichang; Zhang, Qianggong; Guo, Junming; Chen, Pengfei; Zhang, Guoshuai; Tripathee, Lekhendra

2013-08-01

In May 2009, snowpit samples were collected from a high-elevation glacier in the Mt. Nyainqêntanglha region on the southern Tibetan Plateau. A set of elements (Al, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg and Pb) was analyzed to investigate the concentrations, deposition fluxes of trace elements, and the relative contributions from anthropogenic and natural sources deposited on the southern Tibetan Plateau. Concentrations of most of the trace elements in snowpit samples from the Zhadang glacier are significantly lower than those examined from central Asia (e.g., eastern Tien Shan), with higher concentrations during the non-monsoon season than during the monsoon season. The elements of Al, V, Cr, Mn, Co, and Ni display low crustal enrichment factors (EFs), while Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg, and Pb show high EF values in the snow samples, suggesting anthropogenic inputs are potentially important for these elements in the remote, high-elevation atmosphere on the southern Tibetan Plateau. Together with the fact that the concentration levels of such elements in the Mt. Nyainqêntanglha region are significantly higher than those observed on the south edge of the Tibetan Plateau, our results suggest that the high-elevation atmosphere on the southern Tibetan Plateau may be more sensitive to variations in the anthropogenic emissions of atmospheric trace elements than that in the central Himalayas. Moreover, the major difference between deposition fluxes estimated in our snow samples and those recently measured at Nam Co Station for elements such as Cr and Cu may suggest that atmospheric deposition of some of trace elements reconstructed from snowpits and ice cores could be grossly underestimated on the Tibetan Plateau. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Intensificadores entre el grupo de trabajadores de almacenes de repuestos de la ciudad de Cartagena con el fin de expresar cortesía verbal

OpenAIRE

Flórez Taborda, Blanca Edilma

2014-01-01

En este trabajo para una maestría en profundización se logró la caracterización pragmática de los intensificadores de cortesía usados por los trabajadores de un almacén de repuestos en la ciudad de Cartagena, objetivo abordado desde un enfoque cualitativo con técnica de entrevista sociolingüista. Además se aplicó la entrevista con cuestionario abierto para recolectar información social de los trabajadores. Para lograr este objetivo se presentan tres grandes momentos, el primero consiste en...

Analysis of the stormwater drainage of the historic walls of Cartagena de Indias between the bastions of San Lucas, Santa Catalina and Santa Clara

Science.gov (United States)

Utria, A.; Saba, M.; Quiñones-Bolaños, E.

2017-12-01

The city walls of Cartagena between the Baluarte of San Lucas and Santa Clara reflects the consequences of poor stormwater drainage. In the present investigation the current drainage state of this area have been evaluated, assessing its sizing and conditions to be then modelled through SWMM 5 software for return periods of 5, 10, 15 and 20 years respectively. Finally, it has been determined that the physical deterioration of the drainage elements justifies the malfunction of the whole system, therefore cleaning and periodic maintenance of the drainage elements is strongly suggested.

The Southern Ocean biogeochemical divide.

Science.gov (United States)

Marinov, I; Gnanadesikan, A; Toggweiler, J R; Sarmiento, J L

2006-06-22

Modelling studies have demonstrated that the nutrient and carbon cycles in the Southern Ocean play a central role in setting the air-sea balance of CO(2) and global biological production. Box model studies first pointed out that an increase in nutrient utilization in the high latitudes results in a strong decrease in the atmospheric carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO2). This early research led to two important ideas: high latitude regions are more important in determining atmospheric pCO2 than low latitudes, despite their much smaller area, and nutrient utilization and atmospheric pCO2 are tightly linked. Subsequent general circulation model simulations show that the Southern Ocean is the most important high latitude region in controlling pre-industrial atmospheric CO(2) because it serves as a lid to a larger volume of the deep ocean. Other studies point out the crucial role of the Southern Ocean in the uptake and storage of anthropogenic carbon dioxide and in controlling global biological production. Here we probe the system to determine whether certain regions of the Southern Ocean are more critical than others for air-sea CO(2) balance and the biological export production, by increasing surface nutrient drawdown in an ocean general circulation model. We demonstrate that atmospheric CO(2) and global biological export production are controlled by different regions of the Southern Ocean. The air-sea balance of carbon dioxide is controlled mainly by the biological pump and circulation in the Antarctic deep-water formation region, whereas global export production is controlled mainly by the biological pump and circulation in the Subantarctic intermediate and mode water formation region. The existence of this biogeochemical divide separating the Antarctic from the Subantarctic suggests that it may be possible for climate change or human intervention to modify one of these without greatly altering the other.

Renewable Resources: a national catalog of model projects. Volume 3. Southern Solar Energy Center Region

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

None

1980-07-01

This compilation of diverse conservation and renewable energy projects across the United States was prepared through the enthusiastic participation of solar and alternate energy groups from every state and region. Compiled and edited by the Center for Renewable Resources, these projects reflect many levels of innovation and technical expertise. In many cases, a critique analysis is presented of how projects performed and of the institutional conditions associated with their success or failure. Some 2000 projects are included in this compilation; most have worked, some have not. Information about all is presented to aid learning from these experiences. The four volumes in this set are arranged in state sections by geographic region, coinciding with the four Regional Solar Energy Centers. The table of contents is organized by project category so that maximum cross-referencing may be obtained. This volume includes information on the Southern Solar Energy Center Region. (WHK)

The Impact of Increasing Fire Frequency on Forest Transformations in the Zabaikal Region, Southern Siberia

Science.gov (United States)

Conard, S. G.; Kukavskaya, E. A.; Buryak, L. V.; Shvetsov, E.; Kalenskaya, O. P.; Zhila, S.

2017-12-01

The Zabaikal region of southern Siberia is characterized by some of the highest fire activity in Russia. There has been a significant increase of fire frequency and burned area in the region over the last two decades due to a combination of high anthropogenic pressure, decreased funding to the forestry sector, and increased fire danger, which was associated with higher frequency and intensity of extreme weather events. Central and southern parts of the Zabaikal region where population density is higher and road network is relatively more developed are the most disturbed by fires. Larch stands cover the largest proportion of fire-disturbed lands in the region, while the less common pine and birch stands are characterized by higher fire frequency. About 13% (3.9 M ha) of the total forest area in the Zabaikal region was burned more than once in the 20 years from 1996 to 2015, with many sites burned multiple times. Repeat disturbances led to inadequate tree regeneration on all but the moistest sites. Pine stands on dry soils, which are common in the forest-steppe zone, were the most vulnerable. After repeat burns and over large burned sites we observed transformation of the forests to steppe ecosystems. The most likely causes of insufficient forest regeneration are soil overheating, dominance of tall grasses, and lack of nearby seed sources. Extensive tree plantations have potential to mitigate negative fire impacts; however, due to high fire hazard in the recent decade about half of the plantation area has been burned. Changes in the SWVI index were used to assess postfire reforestation based on a combination of satellite and field data. In the southwestern part of the Zabaikal region, we estimated that reforestation had been hampered over 11% of the forest land area. Regional climate models project increasing temperatures and decreasing precipitation across Siberia by the end of the 21st century, with changes in the Zabaikal region projected to be more than twice the

Dynamism of household carbon emissions (HCEs) from rural and urban regions of northern and southern China.

Science.gov (United States)

Maraseni, Tek Narayan; Qu, Jiansheng; Yue, Bian; Zeng, Jingjing; Maroulis, Jerry

2016-10-01

China contributes 23 % of global carbon emissions, of which 26 % originate from the household sector. Due to vast variations in both climatic conditions and the affordability and accessibility of fuels, household carbon emissions (HCEs) differ significantly across China. This study compares HCEs (per person) from urban and rural regions in northern China with their counterparts in southern China. Annual macroeconomic data for the study period 2005 to 2012 were obtained from Chinese government sources, whereas the direct HCEs for different types of fossil fuels were obtained using the IPCC reference approach, and indirect HCEs were calculated by input-output analysis. Results suggest that HCEs from urban areas are higher than those from rural areas. Regardless of the regions, there is a similarity in per person HCEs in urban areas, but the rural areas of northern China had significantly higher HCEs than those from southern China. The reasons for the similarity between urban areas and differences between rural areas and the percentage share of direct and indirect HCEs from different sources are discussed. Similarly, the reasons and solutions to why decarbonising policies are working in urban areas but not in rural areas are discussed.

Energy Trade in Southern Africa

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Holland, W F.

1996-01-01

This document deals with possible energy growth in Southern African countries. This region possesses substantial energy resources (including fossil fuels), but because of political instability, government intervention, financial paralysis and lack of adequate transportation infrastructure, this region faces problems in satisfying energy needs. Two key international actions, namely the South African Development Community (SADC) Energy Protocol and the Southern African Power Pool (SAPP) are expected to enhance energy trade and promote economic development. (TEC)

Anthropometric parameters’ cut-off points and predictive value for metabolic syndrome in women from Cartagena, Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gustavo José Mora-García

2014-03-01

Full Text Available Objective. To estimate anthropometric parameters’ (APs cut-off points and association for metabolic syndrome (MetS. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out with a total of 434 adult women from Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, in 2012. APs measured were waist circumference (WC, body mass index (BMI, body adiposity index (BAI, waist-hip ratio (WHR and waist-height ratio (WHtR. Cut-off points were estimated by a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC. Logistic regression was applied to estimate possible associations. Results. Cut-off points for WC, BMI, BAI, WHR and WHtR were 85 cm, 28 kg/m2, 39%, 0.80 and 56, respectively. Only WHtR was associated to MetS (OR=1.11, CI95% [1.07-1.15]. Conclusion. WC cut-off point was higher than those proposed for Latin-American women by the Joint Interim Statement (JIS. WHtR had a low predictive value for MetS.

Diversity and distribution of aquatic insects in Southern Brazil wetlands: implications for biodiversity conservation in a Neotropical region

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Leonardo Maltchik

2012-03-01

Full Text Available The selection of priority areas is an enormous challenge for biodiversity conservation. Some biogeographic methods have been used to identify the priority areas to conservation, and panbiogeography is one of them. This study aimed at the utilization of panbiogeographic tools, to identify the distribution patterns of aquatic insect genera, in wetland systems of an extensive area in the Neotropical region (~280 000km², and to compare the distribution of the biogeographic units identified by the aquatic insects, with the conservation units of Southern Brazil. We analyzed the distribution pattern of 82 genera distributed in four orders of aquatic insects (Diptera, Odonata, Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera in Southern Brazil wetlands. Therefore, 32 biogeographic nodes corresponded to the priority areas for conservation of the aquatic insect diversity. Among this total, 13 were located in the Atlantic Rainforest, 16 in the Pampa and three amongst both biomes. The distribution of nodes showed that only 15% of the dispersion centers of insects were inserted in conservation units. The four priority areas pointed by node cluster criterion must be considered in further inclusions of areas for biodiversity conservation in Southern Brazil wetlands, since such areas present species from differrent ancestral biota. The inclusion of such areas into the conservation units would be a strong way to conserve the aquatic biodiversity in this region.

Diversity and distribution of aquatic insects in Southern Brazil wetlands: implications for biodiversity conservation in a Neotropical region.

Science.gov (United States)

Maltchik, Leonardo; Dalzochio, Marina Schmidt; Stenert, Cristina; Rolon, Ana Silvia

2012-03-01

The selection of priority areas is an enormous challenge for biodiversity conservation. Some biogeographic methods have been used to identify the priority areas to conservation, and panbiogeography is one of them. This study aimed at the utilization of panbiogeographic tools, to identify the distribution patterns of aquatic insect genera, in wetland systems of an extensive area in the Neotropical region (approximately 280 000km2), and to compare the distribution of the biogeographic units identified by the aquatic insects, with the conservation units of Southern Brazil. We analyzed the distribution pattern of 82 genera distributed in four orders of aquatic insects (Diptera, Odonata, Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera) in Southern Brazil wetlands. Therefore, 32 biogeographic nodes corresponded to the priority areas for conservation of the aquatic insect diversity. Among this total, 13 were located in the Atlantic Rainforest, 16 in the Pampa and three amongst both biomes. The distribution of nodes showed that only 15% of the dispersion centers of insects were inserted in conservation units. The four priority areas pointed by node cluster criterion must be considered in further inclusions of areas for biodiversity conservation in Southern Brazil wetlands, since such areas present species from different ancestral biota. The inclusion of such areas into the conservation units would be a strong way to conserve the aquatic biodiversity in this region.

A regional benthic fauna assessment method for the Southern North Sea using Margalef diversity and reference value modelling

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Loon, van Willem M.G.M.; Walvoort, Dennis J.J.; Hoey, van Gert; Vina-Herbon, Christina; Blandon, Abigayil; Pesch, Roland; Schmitt, Petra; Scholle, Jörg; Heyer, Karin; Lavaleye, Marc; Phillips, Graham; Duineveld, Gerard C.A.; Blomqvist, Mats

2018-01-01

The aims of this study are to develop an optimized method for regional benthic fauna assessment of the Southern North Sea which (a) is sensitive and precise (quantified as the slope and the R2 value of the pressure-impact relationships, respectively) for the anthropogenic pressures bottom fishing

Curie Depth Analysis of the Salton Sea Region, Southern California

Science.gov (United States)

Mickus, Kevin; Hussein, Musa

2016-02-01

Aeromagnetic data were analyzed to determine the bottom of magnetic bodies that might be related to the Curie point depth (CPD) by 2D spectral and 3D inversion methods within the Salton Trough and the surrounding region in southern California. The bottom of the magnetic bodies for 55 × 55 km windows varied in depth between 11 and 23 km in depth using 2D spectral methods. Since the 55 × 55 km square window may include both shallow and deep source, a 3D inversion method was used to provide better resolution of the bottom of the magnetic bodies. The 3D models indicate the depth to the bottom of the magnetic bodies varied between 5 and 23 km. Even though both methods produced similar results, the 3D inversion method produced higher resolution of the CPD depths. The shallowest depths (5-8 km) occur along and west of the Brawley Seismic Zone and the southwestern portion of the Imperial Valley. The source of these shallow CPD values may be related to geothermal systems including hydrothermal circulation and/or partially molten material. Additionally, shallow CPD depths (7-12 km) were found in a northwest-trending zone in the center of the Salton Trough. These depths coincide with previous seismic analyses that indicated a lower crustal low velocity region which is believed to be caused by partially molten material. Lower velocity zones in several regions may be related to fracturing and/or hydrothermal fluids. If the majority of these shallow depths are related to temperature, they are likely associated with the CPD, and the partially molten material extends over a wider zone than previously known. Greater depths within the Salton Trough coincide with the base of basaltic material and/or regions of intense metamorphism intruded by mafic material in the middle/lower crust.

Evaluating terrestrial water storage variations from regionally constrained GRACE mascon data and hydrological models over Southern Africa – Preliminary results

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Krogh, Pernille Engelbredt; Andersen, Ole Baltazar; Michailovsky, Claire Irene B.

2010-01-01

). In this paper we explore an experimental set of regionally constrained mascon blocks over Southern Africa where a system of 1.25° × 1.5° and 1.5° × 1.5° blocks has been designed. The blocks are divided into hydrological regions based on drainage patterns of the largest river basins, and are constrained...... Malawi with water level from altimetry. Results show that weak constraints across regions in addition to intra-regional constraints are necessary, to reach reasonable mass variations....

Analysis of the Quality of Service and Student Satisfaction at the School of Economics, University of Cartagena, Using a Structural Equation Model

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan Carlos Vergara Schmalbach

2011-05-01

Full Text Available Structural equation models have been widely used to analyze the quality of service in various organizations, demonstrating their adaptability and efficacy in determining the variables that affect customer satisfaction. This article proposes the use of a structural equation model to determine the quality of service offered by the different academic units of the School of Economics, University of Cartagena, combining Oh (1999 model with the original instrument of Parasuraman, Valarie, and Berry Zeithalm, presented in 1985. The result is a general diagnosis of the variables that exert the most influence on students’ satisfaction, and that motivate them to recommend their institution to others.

[Characteristics of soil phosphorous loss under different ecological planting patterns in hilly red soil regions of southern Hunan Province, China].

Science.gov (United States)

Yuan, Min; Wen, Shi-Lin; Xu, Ming-Gang; Dong, Chun-Hua; Qin, Lin; Zhang, Lu

2013-11-01

Taking a large standard runoff plot on a red soil slope in Qiyang County, southern Hunan Province as a case, this paper studied the surface soil phosphorus loss characteristics in the hilly red soil regions of southern Hunan under eight ecological planting patterns. The phosphorus loss from wasteland (T1) was most serious, followed by that from natural sloped cropping patterns (T2 and T3), while the phosphorus loss amount from terrace cropping patterns (T4-T8) was the least, only occupying 9.9%, 37%, 0.7%, 2.3%, and 1.9% of T1, respectively. The ecological planting patterns directly affected the forms of surface-lost soil phosphorus, with the particulate phosphorus (PP) as the main lost form. Under the condition of rainstorm (daily rainfall > 50 mm), rainfall had lesser effects on the phosphorus loss among different planting patterns. However, the phosphorus loss increased with increasing rain intensity. The surface soil phosphorus loss mainly occurred from June to September. Both the rainfall and the rain intensity were the factors directly affected the time distribution of surface soil phosphorus loss in hilly red soil regions of southern Hunan.

The water masses and volumetry of the southern Agulhas Current region

Science.gov (United States)

Valentine, H. R.; Lutjeharms, J. R. E.; Brundrit, G. B.

1993-06-01

It has been suggested that the southern termination of the Agulhas Current plays a crucial role in the global circulation of thermocline water and thus in global climate. Due to a lack of modern hydrographic observations in this region, no detailed description of water masses or a fine-scale volumetric census for this geographic area had been carried out. Such an analysis of a collection of recent high-quality hydrographic measurements shows that the warm, saline, surface water of Agulhas Current origin contributes very little to the overall volume of the upper 1500 m of the water column in the area. Occasional equatorward leakages from south of the Subtropical Convergence are represented by a range of low-salinity outliers, but they represent <1% of the total volume. The distribution of water volume in temperature/salinity space for the Agulhas Retroflection is less diverse that that of the world ocean as a whole, 25% of the total volume of the region being contained in only 21 fine-scale temperature/salinity classes. North Atlantic Deep Water is the dominant water mass, accounting for 40% of the total volume. Deep Water in general accounts for 60% of the total volume.

Protists in the polar regions: comparing occurrence in the Arctic and Southern oceans using pyrosequencing

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Christian Wolf

2015-05-01

Full Text Available In the ongoing discussion of the distribution of protists, whether they are globally distributed or endemic to one or both of the polar regions is the subject of heated debate. In this study, we compared next-generation sequencing data from the Arctic and the Southern oceans to reveal the extent of similarities and dissimilarities between the protist communities in the polar regions. We found a total overlap of operational taxonomic units (OTUs between the two regions of 11.2%. On closer inspection of different taxonomic groups, the overlap ranged between 5.5% (haptophytes and 14.5% (alveolates. Within the different groups, the proportion of OTUs occurring in both regions greatly differed between the polar regions. On the one hand, the overlap between these two regions is remarkable, given the geographical distance between them. On the other hand, one could expect a greater overlap of OTUs between these regions on account of the similar environmental conditions. The overlap suggests a connection between the polar regions for at least certain species or that the evolutionary divergence has been slow, relative to the timescales of isolation. The different proportions of common OTUs among the groups or regions may be a result of different life cycle strategies or environmental adaptations.

Setting the agenda in emergency medicine in the southern African region: Conference assumptions and recommendations, Emergency Medicine Conference 2014: Gaborone, Botswana

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lloyd D. Christopher

2014-09-01

Full Text Available The first international emergency medicine (EM conference in Botswana was held on 15th and 16th May 2014 at the Gaborone International Convention Centre. The support from key stakeholders positioned the conference, from its conception, to deliver expert guidance on emergency medicine relevance, education and systems implementation. The conference theme was aptly: “Setting the Agenda in Emergency Medicine in the Southern African Region.” Over 300 local, regional and international delegates convened to participate in this landmark event. Country representation included Botswana, South Africa, Zambia, Namibia, Zimbabwe, Swaziland, Lesotho, Nigeria and the United States of America. Conference assumptions intersected emergency care, African burden of injury and illness and the role of the state; the public protection ethic of emergency care, and the developmental, economic and health interest in promoting EM. The recommendations addressed emergency care relevance; health systems research as an imperative for emergency systems development in southern Africa; community agency as a requisite for emergency care resilience; emergency care workers as pivotal to the emergency medical system, and support of EM system implementation. The conference recommendations – by way of setting an agenda, augur well for emergency care development and implementation in the southern African region and are likely to prove useful to the southern African countries seeking to address health service quality, EM advocacy support and implementation guidance. Emergency medicine is the only discipline with ‘universality’ and ‘responsivity’ at the point of need. This implies the widespread potential for facilitation of access to health care: a public health goal nuanced by the African development agenda.

Presence of Toxoplasma gondii in Drinking Water from an Endemic Region in Southern Mexico.

Science.gov (United States)

Hernandez-Cortazar, Ivonne B; Acosta-Viana, Karla Y; Guzman-Marin, Eugenia; Ortega-Pacheco, Antonio; Segura-Correa, Jose C; Jimenez-Coello, Matilde

2017-05-01

Toxoplasmosis can be acquired through the ingestion of contaminated drinking water with oocysts of Toxoplasma gondii, highly resistant to the routinely disinfection processes; based on chlorination commonly used in the water supply industry. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of T. gondii DNA in samples of public drinking water from an endemic region of southern Mexico. In total 74 samples of water (5 L each) were collected from the three well fields (I, II, and III) and 71 independent wells, distributing public drinking water to the city of Merida Yucatan, after passing through the chlorination process. Water samples were filtered and concentrated by a sucrose solution, then DNA was extracted and evaluated through a nested-PCR (nPCR) specific for T. gondii. Positive samples were detected in 5.4% (4/74) of the water samples. This is the first report of the presence of T. gondii DNA in public drinking water from a large city in southern Mexico, where their consumption without any postpurification treatment could pose a risk for acquiring the infection in the urban population.

Análisis de la calidad en el servicio y satisfacción de los usuarios en dos hoteles cinco estrellas de la ciudad de Cartagena (Colombia mediante un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales Analysis of quality of service and customer satisfaction in two five-star hotels in the city of Cartagena (Colombia by structural equation model

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan C Vergara

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Los modelos de ecuaciones estructurales se han utilizado ampliamente para el análisis de la calidad del servicio en diversas entidades, demostrando su adaptabilidad y eficacia a la hora de determinar las variables que afectan la satisfacción del cliente. Este artículo propone el uso de un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales para determinar la calidad en el servicio ofrecido por dos hoteles de la ciudad de Cartagena de Indias clasificados en la categoría de cinco estrellas, combinando el modelo de Haemoon Oh (1999 con el instrumento original de Parasuraman, Zeithalm y Berry planteado en 1985. El resultado es un diagnóstico general de las variables que mayor influencia ejercen sobre la satisfacción de los clientes y la motivación a recomendar los servicios a otras personas.Structural equation models have been widely used to analyze the quality of service in various organizations, demonstrating its adaptability and effectiveness in determining the variables that affect customer satisfaction. This article proposes the use of structural equation modeling to determine the quality of service offered by two hotels in the city of Cartagena de Indias classified as five stars, combining Haemoon Oh model (1999, with the original instrument of Parasuraman, Zeithalm and Berry raised in 1985. The result is a general analysis of the variables that most influence on customer satisfaction and motivation to recommend services to others.

Evaluation and use dynamics of hydric resource in Baru (Cartagena, Bolivar, Colombia)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Berdugo Moreno, Monica; Betancourt Morales, Andres; Maldonado Chaparro, Adriana; Garzon, Javier

2004-01-01

The insular town of Baru (Cartagena, Bolivar, Colombia) lacks aqueduct and sewer system services; however, Baru's habitants manipulate the water to satisfy their basic necessities. In this way, we evaluated water quality and characterized the dynamic of its use in Baru during the dry season (March of 2003). We answer two basic questions: is the available water in Baru suitable for human consumption? And, which are the events, flow and processes involved in its handling? The evaluation of the quality of the water was made by comparison of some physicochemical and microbiological variables versus the standards of the Colombian law. It was found that the water in Baru is not safe, due to coliforms. The dynamics of water use in this town was studied by interviewing some of the inhabitants and recognition trips of the available infrastructure. Information about consumption practices, habits and methods of treatment of sweet water, disposition of served waters and volume consumed by person (91,4 L/day) was obtained. With this information, we constructed a model of the water flow using the software STELLA 7.0.3, It was found that the system has low sustainability due to the marked seasonality of rain, the great dependence to external factors and to the human work required for the maintenance of the system

Digital Elevation Model (DEM) file of topographic elevations for the Death Valley region of southern Nevada and southeastern California processed from US Geological Survey 1-degree Digital Elevation Model data files

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Turner, A.K.; D'Agnese, F.A.; Faunt, C.C.

1996-01-01

Elevation data have been compiled into a digital data base for an ∼100,000-km 2 area of the southern Great Basin, the Death Valley region of southern Nevada, and SE Calif., located between lat 35 degree N, long 115 degree W, and lat 38 degree N, long 118 degree W. This region includes the Nevada Test Site, Yucca Mountain, and adjacent parts of southern Nevada and eastern California and encompasses the Death Valley regional ground-water system. Because digital maps are often useful for applications other than that for which they were originally intended, and because the area corresponds to a region under continuing investigation by several groups, these digital files are being released by USGS

A methodology for assessing annual risk of southern pine beetle outbreaks across the southern region using pheromone traps

Science.gov (United States)

Ronald F Billings; William W. Upton

2010-01-01

An operational system to forecast infestation trends (increasing, static, declining) and relative population levels (high, moderate, low) of the southern pine beetle (SPB), Dendroctonus frontalis, has been implemented in the Southern and Eastern United States. Numbers of dispersing SPB and those of a major predator (the clerid beetle, ...

Mixed precipitation occurrences over southern Québec, Canada, under warmer climate conditions using a regional climate model

Science.gov (United States)

Matte, Dominic; Thériault, Julie M.; Laprise, René

2018-05-01

Winter weather events with temperatures near 0°C are often associated with freezing rain. They can have major impacts on the society by causing power outages and disruptions to the transportation networks. Despite the catastrophic consequences of freezing rain, very few studies have investigated how their occurrences could evolve under climate change. This study aims to investigate the change of freezing rain and ice pellets over southern Québec using regional climate modeling at high resolution. The fifth-generation Canadian Regional Climate Model with climate scenario RCP 8.5 at 0.11° grid mesh was used. The precipitation types such as freezing rain, ice pellets or their combination are diagnosed using five methods (Cantin and Bachand, Bourgouin, Ramer, Czys and, Baldwin). The occurrences of the diagnosed precipitation types for the recent past (1980-2009) are found to be comparable to observations. The projections for the future scenario (2070-2099) suggested a general decrease in the occurrences of mixed precipitation over southern Québec from October to April. This is mainly due to a decrease in long-duration events (≥6 h ). Overall, this study contributes to better understand how the distribution of freezing rain and ice pellets might change in the future using high-resolution regional climate model.

Erythromycin residue in honey from the Southern Marmara region of Turkey.

Science.gov (United States)

Gunes, Nazmiye; Cibik, Recep; Gunes, Mesut Ertan; Aydin, Levent

2008-11-01

Honey samples, collected from the Southern Marmara region of Turkey, were analysed for erythromycin residues by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry using electrospray ionization in the positive ion mode (LC-ESI-MS). Fifty samples, comprising chestnut, pine, linden and multi-flower honeys, were collected directly from hives and analyzed. The limit of detection and quantification were 6 and 20 ng g(-1), respectively, and recovery ranged from 85 to 89%. Four of the honey samples (8%) were found to be contaminated with erythromycin residues at concentrations ranging from 50 to 1776 ng g(-1). An erythromycin-fortified cake feeding assay was also performed in a defined hive to test the transfer of erythromycin residue to the honey matrix. In this test hive, the residue level in the honey, 3 months after dosing, was approximately 28 ng g(-1).

Early metal pollution in southwestern Europe: the former littoral lagoon of El Almarjal (Cartagena mining district, S.E. Spain).A sedimentary archive more than 8000 years old.

Science.gov (United States)

Manteca, José-Ignacio; Ros-Sala, Milagros; Ramallo-Asensio, Sebastián; Navarro-Hervás, Francisca; Rodríguez-Estrella, Tomás; Cerezo-Andreo, Felipe; Ortiz-Menéndez, José-Eugenio; de-Torres, Trinidad; Martínez-Andreu, Miguel

2017-04-01

A borehole drilling campaign has allowed the study of a former littoral lagoon located next to the harbour city of Cartagena in South-East Spain (close to the Sierra de Cartagena polymetallic ore deposits). This lagoon, which developed during the Holocene, was first a shallow sedimentary marine environment and later evolved into a swampy semi-endorheic basin named "Almarjal" (after the Arab term from the fourteenth century). The lagoon eventually dried out and at present forms part of the substratum of the modern sector of the city urban area. The basin representative sediments are sapropelic black silty facies forming a continuous sedimentary archive, accounting for more than 8000 years of depositional phenomena. The geochemical study of these sediments, together with their absolute calibrated dating by 14 C, allows definition of successive stages of mining and metallurgical activities in the area. In turn, this information provides a more comprehensive perspective regarding metal pollution, particularly lead contamination during different periods of the Recent Prehistory and the Classical Age. The results indicate that the beginning of contamination by lead and other heavy metals occurred as early as 4500 years ago, when the Final Chalcolithic period was taking place in the South-East of the Iberian Peninsula. This finding provides further insights regarding the debate on the origins of lead mining and metallurgy in SE Spain.

Conocimientos sobre tuberculosis infantil en madres comunitarias de Cartagena, Colombia

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Jacqueline Hernandez Escolar

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Evaluar los conocimientos sobre Tuberculosis (TB Infantil, que tienen las madres comunitarias de Cartagena. Método: Estudio descriptivo realizado con 49 madres comunitarias a las cuales se aplicó una encuesta para evaluar variables sociodemográficas y un cuestionario con 50 preguntas, para medir conocimientos sobre tuberculosis en los niños. Se evaluaron cinco grandes aspectos, (diez preguntas para cada uno así: características de la enfermedad, factores de riesgo, prácticas de prevención, manifestaciones clínicas e identificación de casos, y ruta de atención para los casos sospechosos. Los datos se almacenaron y analizaron en una base de datos del programa SPSSS versión 21, fueron calculadas medidas de frecuencias para las variables categóricas, medidas de tendencia central y desviaciones estándar para variables cuantitativas. Resultado: Del total de participantes, 91,6% (40 desconoce que un individuo con tuberculosis latente puede transmitir la enfermedad; 38,8% (19 no conoce el riesgo que tienen los menores de un año a contagiarse; 22,4% (11 no identifica como factor de riesgo para los niños el contacto estrecho con una persona enferma. Solo el 2% (1 reconoce como signo sugestivo de la enfermedad tuberculosa en los niños la presencia de tos por más de 21 días. Conclusión: Las madres comunitarias de éste estudio tienen poco conocimiento acerca de la TB infantil. Se considera necesario realizar intervenciones educativas a estos actores sociales para que tengan conocimientos amplios sobre este tema.

El desabastecimiento de géneros agrícolas en la Provincia de Cartagena de Indias a fines del período colonial

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Alexander O'Byrne H.

2013-08-01

Full Text Available This article analyzes the problem of food shortages in Cartagena de Indias in the second half of the eighteenth century and first decade of the nineteenth century. It examines the soil conditions in the province, its water resources, and diverse types of production, all of this to be able to assert that at the time in the territory the natural conditions for agricultural and meat production were given. However, both economic and political interests of the local business sector endeavored to prove the absence of suitable conditions for agricultural production in order to push the import of foreign products, among which flours.

Personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y su capacidad de agencia de autocuidado, Cartagena Pessoas com diabete mellitus tipo 2 e sua capacidade de agência de autocuidado, Cartagena Patients with Type 2 Mellitus Diabetes and their Self-Care Agency Capacity, Cartagena

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Arleth Herrera Lían

2012-07-01

Full Text Available Contexto: La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 se constituye en un problema de salud pública por las repercusiones bio-psicosociales, la presencia de complicaciones neurovasculares y metabólicas en la persona que la padece. Enfermería cumple un papel importante a través de la educación y la capacitación. Objetivo: Identificar la capacidad de agencia de autocuidado de las personas con diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo 2, inscritos en los programas de control de diabetes en 19 UPAS de Cartagena. Metodología: diseño descriptivo con abordaje cuantitativo, en una muestra de 225 adultos de ambos sexos, seleccionados en forma aleatoria. La capacidad de agencia de autocuidado se identificó con la escala de Valoración de las capacidades de autocuidado, desarrollada por Isenberg y Everest, traducida al español por Gallegos y adaptada por la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Para presentar los datos se utilizó la estadística descriptiva, los resultados se presentan en tablas y gráficas. Resultados: Predominó el sexo femenino (68,4 %; la unión libre (59,1 %; escolaridad (50,6 % con básica primaria; bajos ingresos económicos (menos de un salario mínimo mensual vigente, 34.7 %. Al valorar la capacidad de agencia de autocuidado, el 73.8 % de los pacientes obtuvo una calificación de muy buena (76-100 %, según escala. Al valorar los aspectos comprendidos en la escala se encontró que más del 50 % de las personas siempre sacan tiempo para ellos, piden explicación sobre su salud, examinan su cuerpo para ver si hay cambios y conservan un ambiente limpio. Conclusiones: El apoyo social recibido por los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y las prácticas de higiene personal y del entorno, el conocimiento y la adherencia a la dieta, permiten a los pacientes una buena capacidad de agencia de autocuidado.Contexto: A diabete mellitus tipo 2 se configura como um problema de saúde pública por conta das repercussões biopsicossociais e da presen

Deserción estudiantil en un programa de odontología de una universidad pública en la ciudad de Cartagena años 2000-2006

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Katherine Arrieta Vergara

2014-06-01

Full Text Available ResumenObjetivo: Describir las características del fenómeno de deserción estudiantil del Programa de Odontología de la Universidad de Cartagena en el periodo comprendido en el primer periodo de 2000 hasta el segundo periodo de 2006. Metodo: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo con enfoque cuantitativo. La población estudiada fue los 72 estudiantes que desertaron del Programa de Odontología en los años 2000 a 2006, que se matricularon a partir del año 2000. Se analizaron las listas de matriculados, de estos 36 estudiantes fueron ubicados. Las variables evaluadas fueron: magnitud de la deserción, factores asociados a la deserción, características sociodemográficas de los desertores, características familiares y trayectoria educativa. Resultados: La magnitud de deserción fue 2.38%, donde los principales factores asociados a la deserción fueron el embarazo, la falta de vocación y bajo rendimiento académico, la edad más frecuente al momento de desertar fue los 19 años y el semestre en el que se presentaron más episodios de deserción fue IV semestre. Se encontraron posibles asociaciones entre las causas de deserción y género (P=<0.05; y entre las causas y el cambio de plantel en la secundaria (P=< 0.001 y la relación entre el genero y el semestre (P=<0.05. Conclusiones: Los resultados de este estudio indican que la magnitud de la deserción en el programa de Odontología de la Universidad de Cartagena es baja y parece estar relacionada con los embarazos, el semestre de deserción y múltiples cambios de plantel durante la secundaria. (Duazary 2009-II; 89-94ABSTRACTObjective: To describe the characteristics of the phenomenon of students dropping out of the Program of Dentistry, University of Cartagena in the period in the first period of 2000 through the second period of 2006.  Methods: Retrospective descriptive study with quantitative approach. The study population was 72 students who dropped out of dentistry in the years 2000 to

Potencialidad de asociatividad de restaurantes del centro histórico de la ciudad de Cartagena de Indias- Colombia

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JUAN CARLOS VERGARA SCHMALBACH

2010-01-01

Full Text Available La asociatividad empresarial es una estrategia para enfrentar los mercados globalizados y la creciente competencia proveniente de otras empresas tanto del país como del exterior. El presente artículo tiene como principal finalidad medir el potencial de asociatividad para un grupo de 15 restaurantes ubicados en el centro histórico de la ciudad de Cartagena de Indias (Colombia, mediante la aplicación del método MACTOR y con el apoyo de una encuesta structurada aplicada a potenciales asociados, siendo posible develar los objetivos comunes que se constituirán en la base de una asociación empresarial. Gracias a este método se pudo determinar un nivel de potencialidad de asociatividad del 87%, recomendando a las empresas enfocar sus esfuerzos hacia el desarrollo conjunto de estrategias operacionales, financieras, de servicios y el fortalecimiento del talento humano.

Predictors of Academic Success for the National Board Dental Hygiene Examination and the Southern Regional Testing Agency Clinical Exam

Science.gov (United States)

Efurd, Melissa G.

2012-01-01

The purpose for conducting this study was to investigate and describe the relationship between applicant criteria for a dental hygiene program and subsequent outcomes on credentialing exams: the National Board Dental Hygiene Exam and the Southern Regional Testing Agency clinical exam. Because admission criteria play a crucial role in applicant…

Assessment of undiscovered resources in calcrete uranium deposits, Southern High Plains region of Texas, New Mexico, and Oklahoma, 2017

Science.gov (United States)

Hall, Susan M.; Mihalasky, Mark J.; Van Gosen, Bradley S.

2017-11-14

The U.S. Geological Survey estimates a mean of 40 million pounds of in-place uranium oxide (U3O8) remaining as potential undiscovered resources in the Southern High Plains region of Texas, New Mexico, and Oklahoma. This estimate used a geology-based assessment method specific to calcrete uranium deposits.

Mujeres y escritura en Lumbre, revista de cultura femenina y divulgación turística en Cartagena 1949-1954

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Gloria Bonilla Vélez

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo reflexiona sobre los aportes realizados por escritoras en Lumbre, revista de cultura femenina y divulgación turística que tuvo vigencia entre los años de 1949 hasta 1954 en Cartagena. La publicación localizada en la hemeroteca de la Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia ilustra una variedad de temas a través de géneros como el cuento, el ensayo, el teatro y la poesía. Desde un enfoque que se centra en hacer visibles a las mujeres, se analizan varias de sus colaboraciones que describen la realidad social y política en que ellas vivieron, además del contexto en que aparece esta producción literaria, reconociendo su aporte al mundo de las letras.

Future climate change over Southern Africa

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Davis, Claire L

2017-10-01

Full Text Available This chapter presents key messages drawn from recent subsets of future climate projections for the southern Africa region. Material in this chapter is drawn from Chapter 3 of Climate Risk and Vulnerability: A Handbook for Southern Africa (Davis 2011...

Principal facts for gravity data collected in the southern Albuquerque Basin area and a regional compilation, central New Mexico

Science.gov (United States)

Gillespie, Cindy L.; Grauch, V.J.S.; Oshetski, Kim; Keller, Gordon R.

2000-01-01

Principal facts for 156 new gravity stations in the southern Albuquerque basin are presented. These data fill a gap in existing data coverage. The compilation of the new data and two existing data sets into a regional data set of 5562 stations that cover the Albuquerque basin and vicinity is also described. Bouguer anomaly and isostatic residual gravity data for this regional compilation are available in digital form from ftp://greenwood.cr.usgs.gov/pub/openfile- reports/ofr-00-490.

DISPOSICIÓN A PAGAR POR EL SERVICIO DE UN TREN RÁPIDO ENTRE BARRANQUILLA Y CARTAGENA

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Luis Gabriel Márquez Díaz

Full Text Available El presente trabajo estudia los factores que influyen en la disposición a pagar (DAP por un nuevo servicio de tren rápido de pasajeros entre Barranquilla y Cartagena. Como instrumento de toma de datos se utilizó la técnica de valoración contingente y mediante una estrategia de experimentación secuencial fueron identificados los factores con efecto significativo sobre la DAP, cuyo valor medio fue de $29.000. Se calibró un modelo de regresión de primer orden que explica la DAP en función de las variables intervalo del servicio, tiempo de viaje y acceso a red Wi-Fi y tomas eléctricas. El proceso de optimización para la variable de respuesta permitió aumentar su valor hasta $39.000, que se considera muy bajo si se compara con los referentes internacionales para este tipo de servicios, llegando a la conclusión que queda en entredicho la viabilidad del sistema propuesto.

Intestinal spirochaetes (genus Brachyspira) colonise wild birds in the southern Atlantic region and Antarctica.

Science.gov (United States)

Jansson, Désirée S; Mushtaq, Memoona; Johansson, Karl-Erik; Bonnedahl, Jonas; Waldenström, Jonas; Andersson, Dan I; Broman, Tina; Berg, Charlotte; Olsen, Björn

2015-01-01

The genus Brachyspira contains well-known enteric pathogens of veterinary significance, suggested agents of colonic disease in humans, and one potentially zoonotic agent. There are recent studies showing that Brachyspira are more widespread in the wildlife community than previously thought. There are no records of this genus in wildlife from the southern Atlantic region and Antarctica. Our aim was therefore, to determine whether intestinal spirochaetes of genus Brachyspira colonise marine and coastal birds in this region. Faecal samples were collected from marine and coastal birds in the southern Atlantic region, including sub-Antarctic islands and Antarctica, in 2002, 2009, and 2012, with the aim to isolate and characterise zoonotic agents. In total, 205 samples from 11 bird species were selectively cultured for intestinal spirochaetes of genus Brachyspira. To identify isolates to species level, they were subjected to phenotyping, species-specific polymerase chain reactions, sequencing of partial 16S rRNA, NADH oxidase (nox), and tlyA genes, and phylogenetic analysis. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed. Fourteen unique strains were obtained from 10 birds of three species: four snowy sheathbills (Chionis albus), three kelp geese (Chloephaga hybrida subsp. malvinarum), and three brown skua (Stercorarius antarcticus subsp. lonnbergi) sampled on the Falkland Islands, Tierra del Fuego in Argentina, South Georgia, South Shetland Islands, and the Antarctic Peninsula. Five Brachyspira strains were closely related to potentially enteropathogenic Brachyspira sp. of chickens: B. intermedia (n=2, from snowy sheathbills), and B. alvinipulli (n=3, from a kelp goose and two snowy sheathbills). Three strains from kelp geese were most similar to the presumed non-pathogenic species 'B. pulli' and B. murdochii, whereas the remaining six strains could not be attributed to currently known species. No isolates related to human strains were found. None of the tested

Intestinal spirochaetes (genus Brachyspira colonise wild birds in the southern Atlantic region and Antarctica

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Désirée S. Jansson

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Introduction: The genus Brachyspira contains well-known enteric pathogens of veterinary significance, suggested agents of colonic disease in humans, and one potentially zoonotic agent. There are recent studies showing that Brachyspira are more widespread in the wildlife community than previously thought. There are no records of this genus in wildlife from the southern Atlantic region and Antarctica. Our aim was therefore, to determine whether intestinal spirochaetes of genus Brachyspira colonise marine and coastal birds in this region. Method: Faecal samples were collected from marine and coastal birds in the southern Atlantic region, including sub-Antarctic islands and Antarctica, in 2002, 2009, and 2012, with the aim to isolate and characterise zoonotic agents. In total, 205 samples from 11 bird species were selectively cultured for intestinal spirochaetes of genus Brachyspira. To identify isolates to species level, they were subjected to phenotyping, species-specific polymerase chain reactions, sequencing of partial 16S rRNA, NADH oxidase (nox, and tlyA genes, and phylogenetic analysis. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed. Results: Fourteen unique strains were obtained from 10 birds of three species: four snowy sheathbills (Chionis albus, three kelp geese (Chloephaga hybrida subsp. malvinarum, and three brown skua (Stercorarius antarcticus subsp. lonnbergi sampled on the Falkland Islands, Tierra del Fuego in Argentina, South Georgia, South Shetland Islands, and the Antarctic Peninsula. Five Brachyspira strains were closely related to potentially enteropathogenic Brachyspira sp. of chickens: B. intermedia (n=2, from snowy sheathbills, and B. alvinipulli (n=3, from a kelp goose and two snowy sheathbills. Three strains from kelp geese were most similar to the presumed non-pathogenic species ‘B. pulli’ and B. murdochii, whereas the remaining six strains could not be attributed to currently known species. No isolates related to

Coal and energy: a southern perspective. Regional characterization report for the National Coal Utilization Assessment

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Boercker, F. D.; Davis, R. M.; Goff, F. G.; Olson, J. S.; Parzyck, D. C.

1977-08-01

This publication is the first of several reports to be produced for the National Coal Utilization Assessment, a program sponsored by the Assistant Administrator for Environment and Safety through the Division of Technology Overview of ERDA. The purpose of the report is to present the state and regional perspective on energy-related issues, especially those concerning coal production and utilization for 12 southern states. This report compiles information on the present status of: (1) state government infrastructure that deals with energy problems; (2) the balance between energy consumption and energy production; (3) the distribution of proved reserves of various mineral energy resources; (4) the major characteristics of the population; (5) the important features of the environment; and (6) the major constraints to increased coal production and utilization as perceived by the states and regional agencies. Many energy-related characteristics described vary significantly from state to state within the region. Regional and national generalizations obscure these important local variations. The report provides the state and regional perspective on energy issues so that these issues may be considered objectively and incorporated into the National Coal Utilization Assessment. This Assessment is designed to provide useful outputs for national, regional, and local energy planners.

Quaternary paleoecology of aquatic Diptera in tropical and Southern Hemisphere regions, with special reference to the Chironomidae

Science.gov (United States)

Verschuren, Dirk; Eggermont, Hilde

2006-08-01

Chironomid paleoecology in north-temperate regions has made tremendous progress over the past decade, but studies in tropical and Southern Hemisphere regions remain relatively scarce. Reasons for this imbalance are (1) incomplete taxonomic knowledge of chironomid faunas outside Europe and North America, (2) a scarcity of ecological data on local species and genera that might confer bio-indicator value to them, and (3) logistic difficulties hampering the lake surveying necessary to develop paleoenvironmental calibration data sets. Thus far, most chironomid paleoecology in tropical and Southern Hemisphere regions has relied on an indicator-species approach, combining autecological information on local species of which larval morphology is known with the traditional ecological typology of chironomid genera transferred from the Holarctic region. This paper reviews work accomplished to date in tropical and temperate South America, Australia, Africa, and New Zealand, including studies on various families of non-chironomid Diptera with diagnostic fossils. Research has focused mostly on late-Glacial and Holocene climate reconstruction, less on tracing past human disturbance of aquatic ecosystems and their drainage basins. Quantitative chironomid-based paleoenvironmental reconstruction has so far been done only in Australia and Africa. These studies compensated for the lack of traditional surface-sediment calibration data sets, nowadays often the main source of quantitative information on species ecological optima and tolerances, by maximally exploiting archival species-distribution data based on live collections of adult and/or larval midges. This stimulated efforts to achieve trustworthy species-level identification of fossil chironomid remains, and, as a result, the taxonomic resolution of paleoecological studies in Australia and Africa is higher on average than that achieved in European and North American studies.

Cross-scale analysis of the region effect on vascular plant species diversity in southern and northern European mountain ranges.

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Jonathan Lenoir

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: The divergent glacial histories of southern and northern Europe affect present-day species diversity at coarse-grained scales in these two regions, but do these effects also penetrate to the more fine-grained scales of local communities? METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We carried out a cross-scale analysis to address this question for vascular plants in two mountain regions, the Alps in southern Europe and the Scandes in northern Europe, using environmentally paired vegetation plots in the two regions (n = 403 in each region to quantify four diversity components: (i total number of species occurring in a region (total γ-diversity, (ii number of species that could occur in a target plot after environmental filtering (habitat-specific γ-diversity, (iii pair-wise species compositional turnover between plots (plot-to-plot β-diversity and (iv number of species present per plot (plot α-diversity. We found strong region effects on total γ-diversity, habitat-specific γ-diversity and plot-to-plot β-diversity, with a greater diversity in the Alps even towards distances smaller than 50 m between plots. In contrast, there was a slightly greater plot α-diversity in the Scandes, but with a tendency towards contrasting region effects on high and low soil-acidity plots. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: We conclude that there are strong regional differences between coarse-grained (landscape- to regional-scale diversity components of the flora in the Alps and the Scandes mountain ranges, but that these differences do not necessarily penetrate to the finest-grained (plot-scale diversity component, at least not on acidic soils. Our findings are consistent with the contrasting regional Quaternary histories, but we also consider alternative explanatory models. Notably, ecological sorting and habitat connectivity may play a role in the unexpected limited or reversed region effect on plot α-diversity, and may also affect the larger-scale diversity

Mesopause region temperature variability and its trend in southern Brazil

Science.gov (United States)

Venturini, Mateus S.; Bageston, José V.; Caetano, Nattan R.; Peres, Lucas V.; Bencherif, Hassan; Schuch, Nelson J.

2018-03-01

Nowadays, the study of the upper atmosphere is increasing, mostly because of the need to understand the patterns of Earth's atmosphere. Since studies on global warming have become very important for the development of new technologies, understanding all regions of the atmosphere becomes an unavoidable task. In this paper, we aim to analyze the temperature variability and its trend in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region during a period of 12 years (from 2003 to 2014). For this purpose, three different heights, i.e., 85, 90 and 95 km, were focused on in order to investigate the upper atmosphere, and a geographic region different to other studies was chosen, in the southern region of Brazil, centered in the city of Santa Maria, RS (29°41'02'' S; 53°48'25'' W). In order to reach the objectives of this work, temperature data from the SABER instrument (Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry), aboard NASA's Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics Dynamics (TIMED) satellite, were used. Finally, two cases were studied related to distinct grids of latitude/longitude used to obtain the mean temperature profiles. The first case considered a grid of 20° × 20° lat/long, centered in Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. In the second case, the region was reduced to a size of 15° × 15° in order to compare the results and discuss the two cases in terms of differences or similarities in temperature trends. Observations show that the size of the geographical area used for the average temperature profiles can influence the results of variability and trend of the temperature. In addition, reducing the time duration of analyses from 24 to 12 h a day also influences the trend significantly. For the smaller geographical region (15° × 15°) and the 12 h daily time window (09:00-21:00 UT) it was found that the main contributions for the temperature variability at the three heights were the annual and semi-annual cycles and the solar flux influence

Sensitivity to Regional Earthquake Triggering and Magnitude-Frequency Characteristics of Microseismicity Detected via Matched-Filter Analysis, Central Southern Alps, New Zealand

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Boese, C. M.; Townend, J.; Chamberlain, C. J.; Warren-Smith, E.

2016-12-01

Microseismicity recorded since 2008 by the Southern Alps Microseismicity Borehole Array (SAMBA) and other predominantly short-period seismic networks deployed in the central Southern Alps, New Zealand, reveals distinctive patterns of triggering in response to regional seismicity (magnitudes larger than 5, epicentral distances of 100-500 km). Using matched-filter detection methods implemented in the EQcorrscan package (Chamberlain et al., in prep.), we analyze microseismicity occurring in several geographically distinct swarms in order to examine the responses of specific microearthquake sources to earthquakes of different sizes occurring at different distances and azimuths. The swarms exhibit complex responses to regional seismicity which reveal that microearthquake triggering in these cases involves a combination of extrinsic factors (related to the dynamic stresses produced by the regional earthquake) and intrinsic factors (controlled by the local state of stress and possibly by hydrogeological processes). We find also that the microearthquakes detected by individual templates have Gutenberg-Richter magnitude-frequency characteristics. Since the detected events, by design, have very similar hypocentres and focal mechanisms, the observed scaling pertains to a restricted set of fault planes.

Contemporary Russia Policy for the Southern Caucasus

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Karen P. Marabyan

2014-01-01

Full Text Available The bilateral relations between Russia on the one hand, and the countries of the Southern Caucasus region on the other hand are examined in the article. The main directions of Russian policy in the Southern Caucasus region are examined there. The article focusses attention to the value of the Southern Caucasus region for Russia and also to the key role of Russia in the Southern Caucasus region. The overview of Russian-Azerbaijani, Russian-Armenian and Russian- Georgian relations is given in the article. Russian relations with unrecognized Nagorno-Karabakh Republic and with partially recognized Abkhazia and South Ossetia are examined in the context of above-mentioned bilateral relations. The Caucasian direction of Russian foreign policy is of great importance in questions of ensuring Russian national security. The Caucasian crisis of2008 showed potential conflictness of the region and safety hazard of Russia. Now other processes proceed already in the region. Armenian intention to join the Customs union, the change of Georgian leadership and signing of the agreement on association with EU by Georgia start new mechanisms of interaction between the region countries on the one hand and Russia on the other hand. The relation format between region republics can be changed. The main purpose of the article is to show Russian role in questions of the South Caucasus regional security. The region has the conflict territories, from which the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, the Abkhazian Republic and the South Ossetia Republic are distinguished especially. And Russia won't be able to keep aloof in case of escalation of the conflicts around above-mentioned subjects. The vital questions for the region are peace and stability. And Russia plays a key role in these questions.

Peculiarities of the hydrological regime of the fishery water reservoirs at the basin of the Southern Bug of Vinnytsia region

OpenAIRE

V. Baban; I. Gamaliy.

2014-01-01

This paper deals with analysis of hydrological regime of the fishery water reservoirs at the basin of the Southern Bug of Vinnytsia region. Systematization of the investigated water bodies was performed by the authors on the basis of previously developed classification and typing of water reservoirs.

Impact of increasing antarctic glacial freshwater release on regional sea-ice cover in the Southern Ocean

Science.gov (United States)

Merino, Nacho; Jourdain, Nicolas C.; Le Sommer, Julien; Goosse, Hugues; Mathiot, Pierre; Durand, Gael

2018-01-01

The sensitivity of Antarctic sea-ice to increasing glacial freshwater release into the Southern Ocean is studied in a series of 31-year ocean/sea-ice/iceberg model simulations. Glaciological estimates of ice-shelf melting and iceberg calving are used to better constrain the spatial distribution and magnitude of freshwater forcing around Antarctica. Two scenarios of glacial freshwater forcing have been designed to account for a decadal perturbation in glacial freshwater release to the Southern Ocean. For the first time, this perturbation explicitly takes into consideration the spatial distribution of changes in the volume of Antarctic ice shelves, which is found to be a key component of changes in freshwater release. In addition, glacial freshwater-induced changes in sea ice are compared to typical changes induced by the decadal evolution of atmospheric states. Our results show that, in general, the increase in glacial freshwater release increases Antarctic sea ice extent. But the response is opposite in some regions like the coastal Amundsen Sea, implying that distinct physical mechanisms are involved in the response. We also show that changes in freshwater forcing may induce large changes in sea-ice thickness, explaining about one half of the total change due to the combination of atmospheric and freshwater changes. The regional contrasts in our results suggest a need for improving the representation of freshwater sources and their evolution in climate models.

Infección genital por Chlamydia trachomatis y otros microorganismos en dos grupos de mujeres en Cartagena Frequency of genital infection with chlamydia trachomatis and other microorganisms in two groups of women in Cartagena, Colombia

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Alfonso Pulido

1992-02-01

Full Text Available Las enfermedades asociadas a la infección por Chlamydia trachomatis y la vaginosis bacteriana son de importancia en la población sexual mente activa, por lo que amerita estudiarlas. Con la finalidad de conocer su frecuencia en Cartagena se estudiaron, entre 1988 y 1990, 431 mujeres que acudieron a la consulta ginecológica del Hospital Universitario de Cartagena o al Centro Venereológico de la misma ciudad (167 pacientes en el primero y 264 en el segundo; su edad promedio era 28 años. Utilizando el inmunoensayo enzimático en fase sólida (ELISA se buscó la C. trachomatis y se hallaron frecuencias de infección de 5.4 y 17.4% en el primero y el segundo grupos, respectivamente; tal diferencia fue significativa (p < 0.005. Mediante exámenes directos y cultivos se demostraron las siguientes frecuencias de infección en las pacientes de consulta ginecológica y en las del Centro Venereológico, en su orden: Gardenerella vaginalis en 33.5% y 39%, Neisseria gonorrhoeae en 0.6 y 2.3%, Trichomonas vaginalis en 5.4 y 4.5%, Candida spp. en 13.2 y 10.2%. No hubo entre estas tasas diferencias significativas. Se observó relación entre la positividad para C. trachomatis y las entidades usualmente asociadas con ella: en las pacientes del Centro Venereológico la frecuencia de cervicitis fue 39% en las infectadas por C. trachomatis y 11.5% en las no Infectadas (p < 0.01; en las de la consulta ginecológica hubo Enfermedad Pélvica inflamatoria en 4 de las 9 Infectadas (44.4% y en sólo 11 de las 158 no infectadas (7% (Prueba de Fisher p = 0.004. El uso de anticonceptivos orales tuvo asociación significativa (p < 0.01 con la infección por Chlamydia en las pacientes del Centro Venereológico pero no en las de la consulta ginecológica; en efecto: 28.8% de las mujeres del Centro que utilizaban estos anticonceptivos y ninguna de las que no recurran a ellos resultaron positivas para esta bacteria. Gardnerella vaginalis fue la bacteria más frecuentemente

Deciphering interaction of regional aquifers in Southern Tunisia using hydrochemistry and isotopic tools

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Abid, Kamel; Dulinski, Marek; Ammar, Friha Hadj; Rozanski, Kazimierz; Zouari, Kamel

2012-01-01

Groundwater is the most important source of water supply in southern Tunisia. Previous hydrogeologic and isotopic studies carried out in this region revealed the existence of two major aquifer systems: the “Complex Terminal” (CT) and the “Continental Intercalaire” (CI). Turonian carbonates constitute one of the major aquifer levels of the CT multilayered aquifer. It extends over most of southern Tunisia, and its hydrodynamic regime is largely influenced by tectonics, lithology and recharge conditions. Forty-eight groundwater samples from the CI and Turonian aquifers were collected between January and April 2004 for chemical and isotopic analyses. Hydrochemistry and isotopic tools were combined to get an insight into the processes controlling chemical composition of groundwater and wide-scale interaction of these two aquifer systems. Analysis of the dissolved constituents revealed that several processes control the observed chemical composition: (i) incongruent dissolution of carbonate minerals, (ii) dissolution of evaporitic minerals, and (iii) cation exchange. Dissolution alone cannot account for the observed high supersaturation states of groundwater with respect to calcite and dolomite. The observed supersaturation is most probably linked to geogenic CO 2 entering water-bearing horizons of the CT and CI aquifers via deep tectonic faults and discontinuities and subsequent degassing in the exploitation wells. Presence of geogenic CO 2 in the investigated region was confirmed by C isotope data of the DIC reservoir. The radiocarbon content of the Turonian samples varied between 9.5 and 43 pmc. For CI samples generally lower values were recorded, between 3.8 and 22.5 pmc. Stable isotope composition of Turonian groundwater samples varied from −8.3 to −5.3‰ for δ 18 O and from −60 to −25‰ for δ 2 H. The corresponding ranges of δ values for the Continental Intercalaire samples were from −8.9‰ to −6.9‰ for δ 18 O and from −68.2‰ to �

Los procesos de aprendizaje y su incidencia en la deserción estudiantil en el Programa de Química Farmacéutica de la Universidad de Cartagena

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María del Socorro Acosta

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Se presentan los resultados de un estudio sobre los procesos de aprendizaje y su incidencia en la deserción estudiantil en los estudiantes de Química y Farmacia de la Universidad de Cartagena en el período del 2003 al 2007. Con el objetivo de describir las características asociadas al aprendizaje que conlleva a la deserción estudiantil, se seleccionó una muestra equivalente a la totalidad de la población de estudiantes provenientes delos colegios oficiales de Cartagena en el primer semestre de 2007 (50, y se les aplicó el test SMLQ (PINTRICH, que contiene preguntas de carácter motivacional y relativas a las estrategias de aprendizaje. Se pudo concluir que el 2003 fue el año en que se presentó el índice de deserción más elevado (46%; el promedio general de deserción en el período comprendido entre 2003 y 2007 es de 19%, y se reporta el cambio de carrera o institución como la causa más frecuente de deserción (59%. Así mismo, se pudo observar que dentro de las escalas motivacionales, la categoría referida a expectativas fue la que obtuvo una mayor cantidad de resultados en el nivel alto, con un promedio de 60%. Y entre las estrategias de aprendizaje, las de tipo cognitivo puntuaron 34%.

OECD Reviews of Regional Innovation

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Maguire, Karen; Marsan, Giulia Ajmone; Nauwelaers, Claire

This book examines regional innovation in central and southern Denmark, looking at its role in the economy, its governance and policy context and regional strategies for innovation driven growth.......This book examines regional innovation in central and southern Denmark, looking at its role in the economy, its governance and policy context and regional strategies for innovation driven growth....

Groundwater quality characterization to protect biodiversity in SADC region (Southern African Development Community

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Stefania Vitale

2016-06-01

Full Text Available The following paper describes the first phase of a study held in the context of the SECOSUD Phase II project, called “Conservation and equitable use of biological diversity in the SADC region (Southern African Development Community, which aims at promoting biodiversity conservation and sustainable economic development in the SADC [1]. The Southern African Development Community (SADC is an inter-governmental organization, with 15 member states: Angola, Botswana, Democratic Republic of Congo, Lesotho, Mauritius, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Madagascar, Seychelles, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Its aim is to increase socio-economic cooperation and integration among the community. It is one of the richest area in terms of biodiversity. The main goal of the Project is to contribute to stop biodiversity loss by supporting the development of conservation strategies. Biodiversity or biological diversity is formally defined by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD as: “the variability among living organisms from all sources including, among others, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part; this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems” (UN 1992 Article 2 [2]. Biodiversity is affected by the interaction of multiple drivers and pressures including demographic, economic, socio-political, scientific and technological ones, which are leading to further decline, degradation and loss. The principal pressures on biodiversity include habitat loss and degradation, overexploitation, alien invasive species, climate change and pollution. These pressures are continuing to increase. To use biodiversity and to keep it in a sustainable way, it is necessary to study it, assess its economic value, develop a global strategy and a global network to monitor its status in the biosphere. An important step in developing conservation of biodiversity

Juegos de estrategia y consecuencias inintencionadas : un modelo con resultados perversos de la crisis de la minería de Cartagena-La Unión*

OpenAIRE

Linares Martínez, Francisco

2005-01-01

Este artículo representa una aproximación al conflicto relativo a la continuidad de la actividad minera en la comarca de Cartagena-La Unión, que impulsó, en 1988, a la Sociedad Minera y Metalúrgica de Peñarroya a abandonar el distrito minero después de varias décadas de actividad. En primer lugar, brevemente, se da cuenta de las vicisitudes de la actividad minera a lo largo de la década de 1980, para llegar a estudiar los sucesos críticos del año 1988. En el análisis de estos acontecimientos ...

Biological Correlates of Northern-Southern Italy Differences in IQ

Science.gov (United States)

Templer, Donald I.

2012-01-01

The present study was intended to provide perspective, albeit less than unequivocal, on the research of Lynn (2010) who reported higher IQs in the northern than southern Italian regions. He attributes this to northern Italians having a greater genetic similarity to middle Europeans and southern Italians to Mediterranean people. Higher regional IQ…

Correlation and origin of carnotite occurrences in the southern Nevada region

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Johnson, C.L.

1982-01-01

Carnotite [K 2 (UO 2 ) 2 (VO 4 ) 2 .3H 2 O] is recognized at seven localities in the southern Nevada region. These general areas of occurrence are the Jean-Sloan Calcrete, Hidden Valley Calcrete, Hualapai Limestone, Boulder City ''fossil water table'', Horse Spring Formation type locality, Mormon Mesa Caliche, and exposures of the Willow Tank thrust fault. The carnotite occurrences pre-date the 3.80 MY (million years before present) basalt at Sandy Pint, post-date an 8.66 MY tuff that underlies the Hualapai Limestone, and are approximately coeval with the 5.84 MY Fortification Basalt. Analysis of the Th/U ratios from 2045 dry stream sediment samples collected during the National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) Program indicates uranium depletion in Precambrian terrain of the region and enrichment in areas where carnotite is observed. Anomalous vanadium in dry stream sediment samples is associated with intermediate and mafic Cenozoic volcanic rocks of pre-Colorado River age, and to a lesser extent with uratic Precambrian rocks. Correlation of the Jean-Sloan Calcrete, Hidden Valley Calcrete, Mormon Mesa Caliche, Hualapai Limestone, and Boulder City ''fossil water table'' is proposed based on elevation, relief, and inferred common age and origin. Carnotite studies have provided recognition criteria for facies of a regional geomorphic surface that formed in association with sluggish shallow groundwater flow in axial drainage systems in the Late Miocene. Carnotite and gypsum were deposited in disrupted by normal faulting and climatic conditions become increasingly arid 5-6 MY ago. Major geologic events that approximately coincide with the formation of the carnotite occurrences include the Messinian Crisis, opening of the Gulf of California, and uplift of the Sierra Nevada

Techniques of remote sensing and GIS as tools for visualizing impact of climate change-induced flood in the southern African region.

Science.gov (United States)

This study employs remote sensing and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) data to visualize the impact of climate change caused by flooding in the Southern African region in order to assist decision makers’ plans for future occurrences. In pursuit of this objective, this study uses Digital Elevat...

Seasonal variation and trend of chicken pox in the southern region of Saudi Arabia (2007-2012).

Science.gov (United States)

Saleh, Noha; Al Moghazy, Bassem

2014-12-01

Chicken pox is a contagious disease caused by varicella zoster virus. Children are most susceptible to infection. In 1998, the WHO recommended that routine childhood varicella vaccination be considered in countries where the disease is a relatively important public health concern. There are few data on the trends of chicken pox. We aimed to evaluate the trend of chicken pox in Saudi Arabia (KSA) during the period 2007-2012. Data were collected by retrospective review of the existing anonymous surveillance records and book registries of chicken pox cases at the preventive medicine department of Armed Forces Hospital of the Southern Region of Saudi Arabia from 2007 to 2012. The collected data included the number, age, and sex of registered cases. A seasonal pattern was clearly demonstrated, with peak in March and April. There was also a decreasing trend from 2007 to 2012. Most cases occurred in the age group 4-15 years. The number of infected male patients was a little higher compared with female patients. These results indicate success in controlling the disease in the southern region of Saudi Arabia, which may be attributed to the implementation of public health interventions targeted at reducing infectious diseases (such as the introduction of varicella zoster vaccine in 2008). We recommend that a future study be conducted on the severity of chicken pox infection in adults (hospitalization, complications, and death) and a national survey among adults for the seroprevalence of markers of infection with varicella zoster.

Southern Voice State of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

The Southern Voice on post-MDG International Development Goals (Southern ... conceived by the Southern Voice network that will generate and disseminate ... this project will help expand ownership of the SDGs in case study countries and ... think tanks as effective interlocutors between national capitals, regional hubs, ...

Spatial and temporal changes in desertification in the southern region of the Tengger Desert from 1973 to 2009

Science.gov (United States)

Guan, Qingyu; Guan, Wenqian; Yang, Jing; Zhao, Shilei; Pan, Baotian; Wang, Lei; Song, Na; Lu, Min; Li, Fuchun

2017-07-01

The sandy land in the southern region of the Tengger Desert is adjacent to cities and towns, and land desertification poses a threat to the livelihood and production of local residents. To determine dynamic changes in local desertification, five periods (1973, 1987, 1992, 2001, and 2009) of remote sensing data are studied by remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS). The desert contraction area is primarily centered around three units (Wuwei, Gulang, and Jingtai) and nearby regions of Zhongwei City. The primary desert expansion areas include the west side of Helan Mountain (WSHM), the Central Mountainous Area (CMA), and the eastern and western Zhongwei units far from towns. From 1973 to 2009, the degree of change in the contracting part of the primary desert expansion unit showed an increasing trend; in brief, most of the desert (especially after 2001) has been developing in a direction in which desertification has been gradually controlled. The primary desert expansion areas are less affected by human activity, but they are primarily controlled by natural factors (especially wind and terrain). The desert contraction areas occur around the towns and nearby regions with frequent human activity; desertification is primarily controlled by human factors. With rapid economic development (especially after 2000), the scale of the cultivated area, town, and ecological protection engineering has gradually expanded, and the latter two are primarily built on a previous desert, which is the root cause of the reduction in the desert areas around the towns and the shrinkage toward north of border. Therefore, reasonable and effective human activity in the southern region of the Tengger Desert is playing a crucial role in preventing desertification.

Atmospheric Chemistry Over Southern Africa

Science.gov (United States)

Gatebe, Charles K.; Levy, Robert C.; Thompson, Anne M.

2011-01-01

During the southern African dry season, regional haze from mixed industrial pollution, biomass burning aerosol and gases from domestic and grassland fires, and biogenic sources from plants and soils is worsened by a semi-permanent atmosphere gyre over the subcontinent. These factors were a driver of several major international field campaigns in the 1990s and early 2000s, and attracted many scientists to the region. Some researchers were interested in understanding fundamental processes governing chemistry of the atmosphere and interaction with climate change. Others found favorable conditions for evaluating satellite-derived measurements of atmospheric properties and a changing land surface. With that background in mind a workshop on atmospheric chemistry was held in South Africa. Sponsored by the International Commission for Atmospheric Chemistry and Global Pollution (ICACGP; http://www.icacgp.org/), the workshop received generous support from the South African power utility, Eskom, and the Climatology Research Group of the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. The purpose of the workshop was to review some earlier findings as well as more recent findings on southern African climate vulnerability, chemical changes due to urbanization, land-use modification, and how these factors interact. Originally proposed by John Burrows, president of ICACGP, the workshop was the first ICACGP regional workshop to study the interaction of air pollution with global chemical and climate change. Organized locally by the University of the Witwatersrand, the workshop attracted more than 60 delegates from South Africa, Mozambique, Botswana, Zimbabwe, France, Germany, Canada, and the United States. More than 30 presentations were given, exploring both retrospective and prospective aspects of the science. In several talks, attention was focused on southern African chemistry, atmospheric pollution monitoring, and climate processes as they were studied in the field

Proteolytic and lipolytic microbiota of refrigerated raw milk from northeast and southern regions of Brazil

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Jose Carlos Ribeiro Junior

2015-12-01

Full Text Available The shelf life of milk and milk derivatives is directly related to the microbiological quality of refrigerated raw milk. Spoilage microorganisms with proteolytic and/or lipolytic properties are primarily responsible for the decrease in the quality of milk, which is reflected in the shelf life of pasteurized milk and all derivatives. The aim of this study was to determine the spoilage microbial load of refrigerated raw milk from the northeast and southern regions of Brazil, which have different climatic and technological conditions of production. We evaluated 46 samples of milk from the state of Paraná in the southern region, and 10 samples of milk from the state of Maranhão in the northeast region, totaling 56 samples collected from November 2013 to November 2014. The producers of Paraná were divided into large (20 or small (26 according to the average daily production. All producers of Maranhão were considered small (<500L/day. The proteolytic and lipolytic microorganism counts were conducted in milk agar and tributyrin agar, respectively. Milk from the large producers of Paraná had average counts of 1.4 × 104 CFU/mL for proteolytic microorganisms and 1.2 × 103 CFU/mL for lipolytics microorganisms, significantly (p <0.05 lower than the small producers in the same state, and the producers of Maranhão. Producers of Maranhao had counts of 1.1 × 105 CFU/mL for proteolytic microorganisms and 2 × 105 CFU/mL for lipolytic microorganisms, with the proteolytic count significantly lower than that of small Paraná producers. The amount of proteolytic and lipolytic spoilage microorganisms in milk is influenced by the adaptation of the microorganisms to cold, promoted by the cooling of milk, which is practiced less frequently in the country’s northeastern region. The amount of spoilage microorganisms is also affected by the implementation of milking hygiene practices, which reduce contamination. Such practices are more frequently and efficiently

Granites and granitoids of the southern region - Granite molybdenite system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Issler, R.S.

1987-01-01

Economic concentrations of molybdenum are genetically closely associated with acidic and moderately acid granitoids-granites, granodiorites, monzonites and diorites, and are located in two geotectonic settings: subduction-related and rift-related. The aim of this paper is twofold, first succinctly approach the geology, tectonic setting and chemical parameters of the 'granite molybdenite system' as defined by Mutschler and/or alcali granite porphyry bodies emplaced in the North American continent for occasion of a Mesozoic-Fanerozoic extensile event; second to relate the computer-assisted evaluation of 422 major element chemical analysis of granites and granitoids of southern region of Brazil, using chemical fingerprints (SiO 2 ≥ 74. Owt%, Na 2 O ≤ 3.6wt%, K 2 O ≥ 4.5wt%), and K 2 O/Na 2 O ratio > 1.5 developed and testified from North American and Finnish occurrences, may locate molybdenite-bearing granite bodies with high exploration potential. These techniques suggest that some late Precambrian to early Paleozoic granite-rhyolite assemblages inserted at domains of the SG. 22/23 Curitiba/Iguape, SH. 21/22 Uruguaiana/Porto Alegre and SI.22 Lagoa Mirim Sheets, have exploration potential for molybdenum. (author) [pt

Empowering Women for Development through Community-Driven Sustainable Programmes: A Response to Traditional Patriarchal Power in the Southern African Region

Science.gov (United States)

Braimoh, Dele; Lekoko, Rebecca; Alade, Eunice B.

2004-01-01

In the Southern Africa region, the act of prejudice against women mostly occurs where patriarchal power reigns. This type of power is felt in areas such as inheritance right, division of labour, access to political and economic resources and legal and social matters. Other areas of discrimination against women include access to educational and…

Análisis multivariado de la productividad y rendimientos financieros de empresas industriales en Cartagena, Colombia

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José Morelos Gómez

2013-06-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo de investigación expone los resultados de la evaluación de los indicadores de productividad de las empresas certificadas en ISO: 9001 y su incidencia en la utilidad financiera de las empresas de la Zona Industrial Mamonal en Cartagena. Se hizo la medición de las razones de productividad, con el propósito de analizar la repercusión de estas en las utilidades financieras del sector objeto de análisis. En el proceso metodológico, en primera instancia, se calcularon los indicadores de productividad y financieros de las veinticinco empresas del sector certificadas en calidad. Posteriormente, se utilizó la técnica de análisis multivariante de datos, para explicar la pertenencia y discriminación entre los grupos de indicadores de productividad y desempeño financiero, obteniendo como resultado la correlación existente entre las empresas certificadas y el incremento en los índices de productividad de los años 2006 al 2010, además del efecto de estos en la utilidad financiera,margen bruto (MB y margen operacional (MO.

Holocene tephrostratigraphy of southern Chiloé Continental (Andean southern volcanic zone; ~43°S), Chile

Science.gov (United States)

Lachowycz, S.; Smith, V. C.; Pyle, D. M.; Mather, T. A.

2012-12-01

The eruptive history of the volcanoes in the southern part of the Andean Southern Volcanic Zone (42.5-45°S) is very poorly constrained: only several late Quaternary eruptions have been identified, mostly from study of sparse roadcuts [1]. In this study, we further constrain the Holocene explosive eruption history around 43°S by identifying and analysing tephra layers preserved in a ~3.25m long peat core from Cuesta Moraga [2], ~35km east of Yanteles volcano. Cryptotephra was extracted following the method of [3], in addition to macrotephra; owing to the vicinity of the sampling site to the tephra sources, cryptotephra was found throughout the core stratigraphy, but was sufficiently variable in concentration that discrete layers were identifiable and attributed to specific eruptions. Chemical analysis of the glass by electron microprobe shows that the tephra layers originate from a number of volcanoes in the region. This new tephrostratigraphy improves our knowledge of the important history of explosive volcanism in this area, potentially tying the tephrostratigraphies of surrounding areas (e.g., [4]) and allowing improved evaluation of regional volcanic risk. [1] Naranjo, J.A.., and C. R. Stern, 2004. Holocene tephrochronology of the southernmost part (42°30'-45°S) of the Andean Southern Volcanic Zone. Revista geológica de Chile, 31, pp. 225-240. [2] Heusser, C.J., et al., 1992. Paleoecology of late Quaterary deposits in Chiloé Continental, Chile. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 65, pp. 235-245. [3] Blockley, S.P.E., et al., 2005. A new and less destructive laboratory procedure for the physical separation of distal glass tephra shards from sediments. Quaternary Science Reviews, 24, pp. 1952-1960. [4] Watt, S.F.L., et al., 2011. Holocene tephrochronology of the Hualaihue region (Andean southern volcanic zone, ~42°S), southern Chile. Quaternary International, 246, pp. 324-343.

Narrativa etnográfica y análisis sociocultural de las relaciones entre turismo y sexualidad en Cartagena de Indias

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Carlos Carbonell

2006-11-01

Full Text Available El comercio sexual relacionado con la actividad turística en Cartagena de Indias se halla vinculado a características socioculturales halla vinculado a características socioculturales establecidas por las comunidades residentes en la ciudad, las cuales se integran a otras variables provenientes de ciudades del interior y a referentes internacionales y globales que el turismo y la mundialización de los intercambios han hecho confluir en el escenario urbano del primer destino turístico del país. En este ensayo se intenta, a través de un ejercicio narrativo y visual, hacer una reflexión en torno de la manera como estos elementos socioculturales se conjugan en nuestra realidad presente para recrear la historia de la economía del cuerpo y el erotismo, así como las formas de inserción del turismo en tales dinámicas.

Psychosocial risk factors in medical personnel of a health service in Cartagena de Indias, Colombia

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Irma Y. Castillo Á

2011-11-01

Full Text Available Objective: to determine the variables associated with psychosocial risk factors among the doctors of a stateowned social welfare enterprise providing health services in Cartagena. Methodology: a cross-sectional study on a population of 197 doctors from the enterprise’s outpatient and emergency services. The istas21 questionnaire, a Spanish adaptation of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (copsoq, was used to assess psychosocial factors. Statistical analysis was performed using the program SPSS® version 17, and the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test was applied to estimate the associations between variables. Results: 170 doctors participated in this study; 88.8% of which had favorable exposure to risk factors in the following dimensions: social support and quality of leadership and Double presence. 69.4% showed adverse exposure in the insecurity dimension. In the dimensions Insecurity and Double Presence, general practitioners were in worse conditions than specialists (Mann-Whitney U Prob<0.05. Additionally, doctors from the outpatient service showed more deterioration in the social support and quality of leadership dimensions than those from the emergency service (Mann-Whitney U Prob<0.05. As for the psychological demands dimension, doctors from higher socioeconomic strata showed higher unfavorable scores than those from lower strata (Mann-Whitney U Prob<0.05.

Estudio comparativo de las habilidades y perfiles hacia el emprendimiento de los estudiantes de la Universidad de Cartagena, Fundación Universitaria Tecnológico Comfenalco y Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar

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Nelson Eduardo Cottiz Montoya

2017-02-01

Full Text Available Esta investigación contempló un estudio descriptivo, aplicado, no experimental, en el cual se buscó comparar entre los estudiantes de la Universidad de Cartagena, Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar y Fundación Universitaria Tecnológico Comfenalco pertenecientes a la facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Administrativas y Contables de programas presenciales, quienes desean crear empresa, teniendo en cuenta ciertas características de un emprendedor como lo son: valores, riesgo, locus de control, motivos y autoeficacia emprendedora. Para desarrollar este trabajo se utilizó una herramienta diagnostica dividida en seis partes, la cual se le suministró de manera personal a la muestra objeto de estudio. En los principales hallazgos se evidenció que, el estudiante de la Fundación Universitaria Tecnológico Comfenalco obtuvo el mayor puntaje, en el deseo de crear empresa. Por otro lado, no se encontró diferencia en el factor motivacional, riesgo y valores entre los estudiantes de las tres instituciones de educación superior; sin embargo en el factor locus de control, el estudiante de la Universidad de Cartagena obtuvo el mayor puntaje, al igual que en el factor autoeficacia emprendedora.

Late Permian to Triassic intraplate orogeny of the southern Tianshan and adjacent regions, NW China

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Wei Ju

2014-01-01

Based on previous studies and recent geochronogical data, we suggest that the final collision between the Tarim Craton and the North Asian continent occurred during the late Carboniferous. Therefore, the Permian was a period of intracontinental environment in the southern Tianshan and adjacent regions. We propose that an earlier, small-scale intraplate orogenic stage occurred in late Permian to Triassic time, which was the first intraplate process in the South Tianshan Orogen and adjacent regions. The later large-scale and well-known Neogene to Quaternary intraplate orogeny was induced by the collision between the India subcontinent and the Eurasian plate. The paper presents a new evolutionary model for the South Tianshan Orogen and adjacent regions, which includes seven stages: (I late Ordovician–early Silurian opening of the South Tianshan Ocean; (II middle Silurian–middle Devonian subduction of the South Tianshan Ocean beneath an active margin of the North Asian continent; (III late Devonian–late Carboniferous closure of the South Tianshan Ocean and collision between the Kazakhstan-Yili and Tarim continental blocks; (IV early Permian post-collisional magmatism and rifting; (V late Permian–Triassic the first intraplate orogeny; (VI Jurassic–Palaeogene tectonic stagnation and (VII Neocene–Quaternary intraplate orogeny.

Investment Potential in Southern Cross Lane East Java

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Abdul Hamid

2014-09-01

Full Text Available This article aims to identify potential problems, and development challenges Trails South (JLS as well as increased investment strategies in an attempt to improve the welfare of the people in the southern region of East Java. The study was conducted using descriptive method with sample areas in several districts / cities in the area of JLS, namely Pacitan, Terri, Tulungagung, Blitar, Malang, Lumajang, Jember and Banyuwangi. By using the analysis of the competitiveness of the region as well as the analysis of the pricing structure that is known comparative advantage (comparative advantage and competitive advantage (competitive advantage owned by the industry in each region of the sample. Comparative advantage was reflected in the level of production costs, while the competitive advantage is reflected by the role of transaction costs, including transportation cost. Based to the results of the study revealed that: (i development of the industry in the southern region is largely determined by the ability of the industry to conduct cost reduction through production efficiency, (ii development JLS contribute to lower transport costs, thereby increasing competitive advantage, where the region is the biggest benefit Pacitan and Blitar, and (iii development of JLS will result in increased economic activity and employment, especially in Pacitan and Blitar. Recommendations that can be submitted is the preparation of a master plan development of JLS, especially for the area Pacitan, Blitar, and Psychology. Where in the preparation of the master plan is needed studies on southern regional development planning, such as the establishment of centers of development of the southern region is seen by the economic characteristics of the area.

Sequence diversity of the C-terminal region of Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 1 in southern Iran.

Science.gov (United States)

Zamani, Zahra; Razavi, Mohammad Reza; Sadeghi, Sedigheh; Naddaf, Saeed; Pourfallah, Fatemeh; Mirkhani, Fatemeh; Arjmand, Mohammad; Feizhaddad, Hossein; Rad, Mina Ebrahimi; Ebrahimi Rad, Mina; Tameemi, Marzieh; Assmar, Mehdi

2009-01-01

The C-terminal region of the merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP-1) of Plasmodium falciparum is a strong vaccine candidate as it is associated with immunity to the parasite. This corresponds approximately to the conserved 17th block of the gene and is composed of two EGF- like domains. These domains exhibit only four single amino acid substitutions which show several potential variants in this region of the gene. As the variations might be important for a regional vaccine design, a study was carried out to determine the variations present in P. falciparum isolates from southern Iran. Besides the usual E-T-S-R-L and the Q-K-N-G-F types, we found Q-T-S-R-L, E-K-N-G-F, E-T-S-G-L, Z-T-S-G-L and Z-T-S-R-L types, where Z was E or Q signifying the presence of mixed clones in single isolates.

Addressing the Issue of Gender Equity in the Presidency of the University System in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) Region

Science.gov (United States)

Guramatunhu-Mudiwa, Precious

2010-01-01

The Southern African Development Community (SADC) is a regional economic grouping of 15 countries whose common vision is to promote economic, social and political development and growth. Arguably, sustainable growth can be realized if there is equal access to all positions of power and influence in the area, but an investigation of 117…

AIDS Prevention in the Southern African Development Community ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

AIDS Prevention in the Southern African Development Community : Policy Research and Decision Support. The Southern African Development Community (SADC) is at the epicentre of the AIDS pandemic. The regional adult HIV prevalence is approximately 11%, twice the average in other African countries. Scores of ...

DOCUMENTO: DESARROLLO COMUNITARIO: UNA EXPERIENCIA INTERDISCIPLINARIA. ESTUDIOS DE CASO BARRIO SAN FRANCICO DE LA CIUDAD DE CARTAGENA DE INDIAS, COLOMBIA.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paulina Rondón de Dager

2001-08-01

Full Text Available La complejidad de la sociedad actual exige la formación de profesionales con una visión holística de la realidad social en la cual intervienen, lo que hace necesario que la Universidad proporcione espacios que permitan a los estudiantes conocer, indagar, analizar fenómenos particulares que los lleven a diseñar, ejecutar y evaluar proyectos de desarrollo social que respondan a las necesidades de la comunidad. Respondiendo a esta premisa y a la misión de la Universidad se ha iniciado una experiencia pedagógica interdisciplinaria entre los programas de Ingeniería Civil y Trabajo Social de la Universidad de Cartagena y Arquitectura de la Universidad de San Buenaventura en la cual se intenta estructurar proceso que conjugue la investigación, docencia y extensión a partir de la articulación de las prácticas de los estudiantes de las disciplinas mencionadas.

Volcanism, Iron, and Phytoplankton in the Heard and McDonald Islands Region, Southern Indian Ocean

Science.gov (United States)

Coffin, M. F.; Arculus, R. J.; Bowie, A. R.; Chase, Z.; Robertson, R.; Trull, T. W.; Heobi in2016 v01 Shipboard Party, T.

2016-12-01

Phytoplankton supply approximately half of the oxygen in Earth's atmosphere, and iron supply limits the growth of phytoplankton in the anemic Southern Ocean. Situated entirely within the Indian Ocean sector of the Southern Ocean are Australia's only active subaerial volcanoes, Heard and McDonald islands (HIMI) on the central Kerguelen Plateau, a large igneous province. Widespread fields of submarine volcanoes, some of which may be active, extend for distances of up to several hundred kilometers from the islands. The predominantly eastward-flowing Antarctic Circumpolar Current sweeps across the central Kerguelen Plateau, and extensive blooms of phytoplankton are observed on the Plateau down-current of HIMI. The goal of RV Investigator voyage IN2016_V01, conducted in January/February 2016, is to test the hypothesis that hydrothermal fluids, which cool active submarine volcanoes in the HIMI region, ascend from the seafloor and fertilise surface waters with iron, thereby enhancing biological productivity beginning with phytoplankton. Significant initial shipboard results include: Documentation, for the first time, of the role of active HIMI and nearby submarine volcanoes in supplying iron to the Southern Ocean. Nearshore waters had elevated dissolved iron levels. Although biomass was not correspondingly elevated, fluorescence induction data indicated highly productive resident phytoplankton. Discovery of >200 acoustic plumes emanating from the seafloor and ascending up to tens of meters into the water column near HIMI. Deep tow camera footage shows bubbles rising from the seafloor in an acoustic plume field north of Heard Island. Mapping 1,000 km2 of uncharted seafloor around HIMI. Submarine volcanic edifices punctuate the adjacent seafloor, and yielded iron-rich rocks similar to those found on HIMI, respectively. Acoustic plumes emanating from some of these features suggest active seafloor hydrothermal systems.

DIFERENCIAS ENTRE ACTORES SOCIALES EN EL CONOCIMIENTO Y LA PERCEPCIÓN DE LA VEGETACIÓN DE LA CUENCA DE LA CIÉNAGA DE LA VIRGEN (CARTAGENA DE INDIAS, COLOMBIA)

OpenAIRE

Torregroza Fuentes, Edilbert; Universidad de Cartagena (Colombia).; Llamas Chávez, Jorge; Universidad de Cartagena (Colombia).; Borja Barrera, Francisco; Universidad de Huelva (España).

2014-01-01

La percepción y las actitudes de los actores sociales presentes en un determinado territorio son vitales para su adecuada gestión. Tales aspectos fueron evaluados para el caso cuenca de la Ciénaga de la Virgen (Cartagena de Indias, Colombia), en relación a doce especies vegetales presentes en el territorio, considerando la cuenca desde un enfoque socioecosistémico, desde el que se recalca la interacción y adaptación entre los sistemas sociales y ecológicos. El estudio aborda aspectos como el ...

Trends and changes in tropical and summer days at the Adana Sub-Region of the Mediterranean Region, Southern Turkey

Science.gov (United States)

Bayer Altın, Türkan; Barak, Belma

2017-11-01

In this study, the long-term variability and trends of the annual and seasonal numbers of summer and tropical days of the Adana Sub-region were investigated using nonlinear and linear trend detection tests for the period 1960-2014 at 14 meteorological stations. The results suggest that the annual number of summer and tropical days was generally below the long-term average through to the end of the 1980s. In particular, positive anomaly values could be observed at all stations between the years 1993-2014. With respect to the Kruskal-Wallis homogeneity test, the significant breaking date was 1993. The rapid rise of the annual number of summer (tropical) days after this year led to the inversion of the negative trends observed from 1987 to 1992 into positive ones. The increasing trend is statistically significance at 0.01 level in Yumurtalık, Mersin and Antakya for the annual number of summer and tropical days. Dörtyol, İskenderun and Elbistan were significance at 0.01 level for tropical days. The largest positive anomalies of the summer of 2010 are observed in coastal vicinity (Mersin, Yumurtalık and İskenderun). This indicates that these settlements underwent a long-term warm period and thermal conditions due to increasing temperatures in the spring and summer months. The same conditions are found in high inner areas (Göksun and Elbistan) for tropical days. It is noticed that a tendency for greater warming occurred at stations located above 1000 m in the sub-region. The average number of warm days will increase 2-days per 100-years in southern part of the sub-region. The increasing trend in summer temperatures can be considered a potential risk, notably for human health and for economic and crop losses in the Adana Sub-region, including Çukurova, one of the most important agriculture areas of Turkey.

Preliminaries to a feasibility analysis of the Maglev proposal of the Southern California Association of Governments for the region : a seed grant study report

Science.gov (United States)

2009-08-30

This is a seed grant study to perform a preliminary investigation of the system components and : generalized costs of the magnetic levitation type of high speed rail system that is proposed for the : Southern California Region, TGVbased high speed...

The Southern Alberta Information Resources (SAIR Project

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kathy Crewdson

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract Southern Alberta Information Resources (SAIR is a collaborative bibliography of published resources significant to southern Alberta. Objectives and progress with evolving methodology, technology, issues and challenges are explored within the context of the library field. We investigate a collaborative digital library that allows librarians and non-librarians alike to share information on specific topics through MARC records. An outcome of a collaborative digital library is how to create and sustain interest within the library community. Southern Alberta region was selected based on the authors’ familiarity with the region. Some issues and questions remain to be resolved. Digital formats present a number of challenges in terms of selection and presentation. Legal issues relating to technology such as linking and location information have emerged. Basic technical issues remain, such as, how best to update links.

Ethnophytotherapeutical research in the high Molise region (Central-Southern Italy

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Lucchese Fernando

2008-03-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background In the years 2003–2005 research was carried out concerning ethno-medicine in the high Molise (central- southern Italy, a region that has been the object of very little investigation from the ethnobotanical point of view. Upper Molise is a continuation of the mountain profiles of the Abruzzi Appenines: a series of hills, steep slopes and deep fluvial valleys making communications difficult. Primordial traditions (e.g. harvest feasts are typical of the region. Methods Field data were collected through open interviews in the field. These were conducted on both an individual and group level, fresh plants gathered from surrounding areas being displayed. In other cases, individual interviews were conducted by accompanying the person involved to the places where they perform their activities (for example, in the woods with woodcutters, kitchen gardens and fields with housewives, pastures with shepherds, etc.. In total 54 individuals were interviewed. Results Data of 70 taxa belonging to 39 families were gathered. Among the species, 64 are used in human therapy, 5 as insect repellents, 11 in veterinary medicine, 1 to keep eggs and cheeses and 4 for magic purposes. The most important findings in ethno-medicine relate to the lichen Lobaria pulmonaria (L. Hoffm. (wounds and to some vascular plant species: Asplenium trichomanes L. and Ceterach officinarum Willd. (to regularize menstruation, Cyclamen hederifolium (chilblains, Centaurium erythraea Rafn. and Pulmonaria apennina Cristof. & Puppi (bruises, while in the ethno-veterinary field, we have Valeriana officinalis L. (wounds sustained by mules. Also worthy of note, given the isolation of the area, is the number of plants used to protect foodstuffs from parasites, among which Allium sativum L. and Capsicum frutescens L. Conclusion The research revealed a deep-rooted and widespread habit of husbanding the family's resources. Whilst isolation and snowfalls contributed to the widespread

Epidemiology, Regional Characteristics, Knowledge, and Attitude Toward Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting in Southern Iran.

Science.gov (United States)

Dehghankhalili, Maryam; Fallahi, Soghra; Mahmudi, Forugh; Ghaffarpasand, Fariborz; Shahrzad, Mohammad Esmaeil; Taghavi, Mohsen; Fereydooni Asl, Marjan

2015-07-01

Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C), also known as female circumcision, is an ancient traditional procedure that involves partial or total removal of the female external genitalia for nonmedical reasons. Although it is well described in African and some Arabic countries, data from Iran are scarce. To describe the epidemiology, regional characteristics, knowledge, and attitude toward FGM/C in Southern Iran. This cross-sectional study was conducted during a 36-month period from 2010 to 2013 in Hormozgan, a southern province of Iran near the Persian Gulf. We included 780 women in six major rural areas of the province who referred to healthcare centers for vaccination, midwifery, or family planning services. All participants underwent complete pelvic examination to determine the type of FGM. The questionnaire consisted of several sections such as demographic and baseline characteristics, and two self-report sections addressing the knowledge and attitude toward FGM/C and its complications. Baseline sociodemographic characteristics including age, educational level, marital status, religion, and nationality were the independent variables. Among the participants, 535 (68.5%) had undergone FGM/C. FGM/C was associated with higher age (P = 0.002), Afghan nationality (P = 0.003), Sunni Islam as religion (P = 0.019), illiteracy (P Islam religion, Afghan nationality, and positive family history. Lack of knowledge toward FGM/C is the main cause of its high prevalence and continuation in the area. © 2015 International Society for Sexual Medicine.

Dust from southern Africa: rates of emission and biogeochemical properties

Science.gov (United States)

Bhattachan, A.; D'Odorico, P.; Zobeck, T. M.; Okin, G. S.; Dintwe, K.

2012-12-01

The stabilized linear dunefields in the southern Kalahari show signs of reactivation due to reduced vegetation cover owing to drought and/or overgrazing. It has been demonstrated with a laboratory dust generator that the southern Kalahari soils are good emitters of dust and that large-scale dune reactivation can potentially make the region an important dust source in the relatively low-dust Southern Hemisphere. We show that emergence of the southern Kalahari as a new dust source may affect ocean biogeochemistry as the soils are rich in soluble iron and the dust from the southern Kalahari commonly reaches the Southern Ocean. We investigate the biogeochemical properties of the fine fraction of soil from the Kalahari dunes and compare them to those of currently active dust sources such as the Makgadikgadi and the Etosha pans as well as other smaller pans in the region. Using field measurements of sediment fluxes and satellite images, we calculate the rates of dust emission from the southern Kalahari under different land cover scenarios. To assess the reversibility of dune reactivation in the southern Kalahari, we investigate the resilience of dunefield vegetation by looking at changes in soil nutrients, fine soil fractions, and seed bank in areas affected by intense denudation.

Migration and gender wage gap in the southern region of Brazil

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Karla Cristina Tyskowski Teodoro Rodrigues

2016-07-01

Full Text Available This paper analyzes the wage gap according to migration status and gender of the labor force of the southern states of Brazil (Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul. We used data from the National Household Sample Survey – 2013, Mincer equations, Heckman procedure for sample selection bias and the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition analysis. The results show that the state of Paraná has greater relative share of migrants from the South, followed by Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul. The region has a higher salary for migrants, both for men and for women, consistent with the results already seen in the literature. Men have a higher salary, and the largest wage gap by gender occurs in the migrant population. By decomposing wage gap we detected discrimination by sex, which is higher among migrants. We also found the migration effect on wages, i.e. a wage gap caused by migration even after controlling by workers endowments: among women, about 15% of the pay gap comes from the migration status (favorable to migrants, and among men a difference of approximately 38% (favorable migrants.

Volatile organic compounds from vegetation in southern Yunnan Province, China: Emission rates and some potential regional implications

Science.gov (United States)

Geron, Chris; Owen, Sue; Guenther, Alex; Greenberg, Jim; Rasmussen, Rei; Hui Bai, Jian; Li, Qing-Jun; Baker, Brad

Little information is currently available regarding emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) in southern Asia. To address the need for BVOC emission estimates in regional atmospheric chemistry simulations, 95 common plant species were screened for emissions of BVOC in and near the Xishuangbanna Tropical Biological Gardens in southern Yunnan Province, Peoples' Republic of China in February 2003. In situ measurements with leaf cuvettes and branch bag enclosures were used in combination with portable gas chromatography, flame ionization, photoionization, and mass spectral detection to identify and quantify BVOC emissions. Forty-four of the species examined emitted isoprene at rates exceeding 20 μg C g -1 (leaf dry weight) h -1. An emphasis was placed on the genus Ficus, which is important in the region and occupies a wide range of ecological niches. Several species in the footprint of a nearby flux tower were also examined. Several palm species and an abundant fern ( Cyclosorus parasiticus) emitted substantial amounts of isoprene, and probably accounted for observed daytime mean isoprene fluxes from the understory of a Hevea brasiliensis plantation of 1.0 and 0.15 mg C m -2 h -1 during the wet and dry seasons, respectively. These measurements verify that both the forest floor and canopy in this region can be sources of isoprene. Monoterpene emissions exceeded 1.0 μg-C g -1 (leaf dry weight) h -1 from only 4 of 38 species surveyed, including some Ficus species and H. brasiliensis. However most of the trees of the latter species were sparsely foliated due to dry season senescence, and emission factors are approximately an order of magnitude lower than those reported during the wet season. BVOC emission rates and physiology of many species are impacted by reduced moisture availability, especially Mangifera indica. South Asia is a region undergoing rapid landuse change and forest plantation establishment, with large increases in area of high BVOC

Fossil and modern sponge fauna of southern Australia and adjacent regions compared: interpretation, evolutionary and biogeographic significance of the late Eocene ‘soft’ sponges

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Łukowiak, M.

2016-01-01

The late Eocene ‘soft’ sponge fauna of southern Australia is reconstructed based on disassociated spicules and is used to interpret the paleoecology and environmental context of shallow marine communities in this region. The reconstructed sponge association was compared with coeval sponge

Southern Africa Regional Office of Astronomy for Development: A New Hub for Astronomy for Development

Science.gov (United States)

Siseho Mutondo, Moola

2015-08-01

A new Astronomy for Development hub needs innovative tools and programs. SAROAD is developing exciting tools integrating Raspberry Pi® technology to bring cost-effective astronomy content to learning centres. SAROAD would also like to report achievements in realising the IAU's strategic plan. In order to manage, evaluate and coordinate regional IAU capacity building programmes, including the recruitment and mobilisation of volunteers, SAROAD has built an intranet that is accessible to regional members upon request. Using this resource, regional members can see and participate in regional activities. This resource also forms the foundation for closer collaboration between SAROAD member countries. SAROAD has commenced with projects in the three Task Force areas of Universities and Research, Children and Schools and Public Outreach. Under the three Task Force areas, a total of seven projects have commenced in Zambia. A further two projects involve the collaboration of Zambia and other regional member countries in order to foster engagement with important regional astronomy facilities (e.g. SKA). SAROAD has identified the IAU’s International Year of Light and a starting point for offering regional support for IAU-endorsed global activities. SAROAD has set up a hub dedicated to regional events and activities about the International Year of Light. SAROAD has a database of regional authorities to enable contact with the region's decision makers and experts. SAROAD will hold an annual event which brings forum for astronomy for development. The creation of the database and the SAROAD Road show is a first step towards this goal. The SAROAD website has helped to advertise upcoming events for astronomy development and education; it is used to provide advice, guidance and information for astronomers in all countries in the Southern Africa. Fundraising is the primary goal for SAROAD in 2015 towards financial self-sufficiency by 2020. We report on the methods that work best

A biogeographical study on tropical flora of southern China.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhu, Hua

2017-12-01

The tropical climate in China exists in southeastern Xizang (Tibet), southwestern to southeastern Yunnan, southwestern Guangxi, southern Guangdon, southern Taiwan, and Hainan, and these southern Chinese areas contain tropical floras. I checked and synonymized native seed plants from these tropical areas in China and recognized 12,844 species of seed plants included in 2,181 genera and 227 families. In the tropical flora of southern China, the families are mainly distributed in tropical areas and extend into temperate zones and contribute to the majority of the taxa present. The genera with tropical distributions also make up the most of the total flora. In terms of geographical elements, the genera with tropical Asian distribution constitute the highest proportion, which implies tropical Asian or Indo-Malaysia affinity. Floristic composition and geographical elements are conspicuous from region to region due to different geological history and ecological environments, although floristic similarities from these regions are more than 90% and 64% at the family and generic levels, respectively, but lower than 50% at specific level. These differences in the regional floras could be influenced by historical events associated with the uplift of the Himalayas, such as the southeastward extrusion of the Indochina geoblock, clockwise rotation and southeastward movement of Lanping-Simao geoblock, and southeastward movement of Hainan Island. The similarity coefficients between the flora of southern China and those of Indochina countries are more than 96% and 80% at family and generic levels, indicating their close floristic affinity and inclusion in the same biogeographically floristic unit.

Strongly-sheared wind-forced currents in the nearshore regions of the central Southern California Bight

Science.gov (United States)

Noble, Marlene A.; Rosenberger, Kurt; Robertson, George L.

2015-01-01

Contrary to many previous reports, winds do drive currents along the shelf in the central portion of the Southern California Bight (SCB). Winds off Huntington Beach CA are the dominant forcing for currents over the nearshore region of the shelf (water depths less than 20 m). Winds control about 50–70% of the energy in nearshore alongshelf surface currents. The wind-driven current amplitudes are also anomalously high. For a relatively weak 1 dyne/cm2 wind stress, the alongshelf surface current amplitudes in this region can reach 80 cm/s or more. Mid-depth current amplitudes for the same wind stress are around 30–40 cm/s. These wind-driven surface current amplitudes are much larger than previously measured over other nearshore shelf regions, perhaps because this program is one of the few that measured currents within a meter of the surface. The near-bed cross-shelf currents over the nearshore region of the Huntington Beach shelf have an Ekman response to winds in that they upwell (downwell) for down (up) coast winds. This response disappears further offshore. Hence, there is upwelling in the SCB, but it does not occur across the entire shelf. Subthermocline water in the nearshore region that may contain nutrients and plankton move onshore when winds are southeastward, but subthermocline water over the shelf break is not transported to the beach. The currents over the outer shelf are not predominately controlled by winds, consistent with previous reports. Instead, they are mainly driven by cross-shelf pressure gradients that are independent of local wind stress.

A challenge of regional integration: the Southern Argentinian pipeline enlargement; Desafio de integracao regional: ampliacao do gasoduto Sul-Argentino

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sardi, Oscar; Sosa, Damian [Transportadora de Gas del Sur S.A., Buenos Aires (Argentina); Duarte Filho, Arno [PETROBRAS, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

2005-07-01

The enlargement of the pipelines of Southern Argentina comprised the construction of around 500 km of 30' and 36' loops in the first semester of 2005 and presented many peculiarities. It has been the first enlargement of the argentinian pipeline system since the country's default statement, in 2001, and it has been financed and built by a bi national Brazilian-Argentinian consortium. It has also been the first time that a governmental trusteeship has been used in such an enterprise in Argentina to guarantee the necessary funds. The increasing demand of natural gas to industries and power generation plants brought about by Argentina's recent growth has stated the sense of urgency: the construction must be on duty in June 2005, ready to increase de flow of gas to the Provincia de Buenos Aires and Great Buenos Aires regions. This has represented also a technical challenge, due to the small time to built the loops, the geographical distribution of the construction, which extends from Patagonia to the Great Buenos Aires region and the meteorological conditions of the period of the construction. The article describes the negotiations done to assemble the construction's financial and managerial frameworks, the building and the solutions found to face the challenge and to meet the deadline. (author)

Psychopathology of Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal Adolescents Living in the Mountainous Region of Southern Taiwan

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cheng-Fang Yen

2006-11-01

Full Text Available The aim of this study was to examine the hypothesis that Taiwanese aboriginal adolescents feature more severe psychopathology than non-aboriginal adolescents who live in the same mountainous region of southern Taiwan, and to test the hypothesis by controlling other individual and environmental factors. In this study, a total of 251 aboriginal and 79 non-aboriginal Taiwanese adolescents were enrolled. Their psychopathology was measured by the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised Scale; demographic and family characteristics, and their affinity with their peer group and with their school were also assessed. The results of the multiple regression analysis revealed that aboriginal adolescents feature more severe psychopathology than non-aboriginal adolescents, and indicated that females and adolescents perceiving higher levels of family conflict and lower family support were more likely to experience more severe psychopathology than those perceiving the contrary. Those who devise strategies to improve the mental health of adolescents living in impoverished regions must take into consideration their ethnicity, gender, and family context when devising such treatment strategies.

Book review: Southern Forested Wetlands: Ecology and Management

Science.gov (United States)

Carl C. Trettin

2000-01-01

The southern region has the largest proportion of wetlands in the conterminous US. The majority of that wetland resource is forested by diverse vegetation communities reflecting differences in soil, hydrology, geomorphology, climatic conditions and past management. Wetland resources in the southern US are very important to the economy providing both commodity and non-...

Biomagnification and bioaccumulation of mercury in two fish species from different trophic levels in the Bahia de Cartagena and the Cienaga Grande de Santa Marta, Colombian Caribbean

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Alonso, D.; Campos, N.

1999-01-01

During the decade of the 70's a chlor-alkali plant dumped between 11 and 15 tons of mercury indiscriminately into the Bahia de Cartagena (BC), elevating the levels of this metal in the biotic and abiotic components of the ecosystem. Although two decades have passed since the plant was closed, the sediments of the bay seem to be an important source of mercury to the marine environment. The present work measured the contents of mercury in the sediment and determined the processes of bioaccumulation and biomagnification in two species of fishes of commercial importance: the parassi mullet (Mugil incilis) and the striped mojarra (Eugerres plumieri), a detritivore and an omnivore, respectively

A new species of Melanophryniscus (Anura, Bufonidae from the Campos Gerais region of Southern Brazil

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Giovanna C. Steinbach-Padilha

2008-12-01

Full Text Available A new species of Melanophryniscus is described from the Parque Estadual de Vila Velha, municipality of Ponta Grossa, Paraná State,Southern Brazil. The Parque Estadual de Vila Velha is located in the Campos Gerais region, an environment dominated by natural grasslands with patches of Araucaria Forest. The new species is distinguished from all congeners by its small size (12.8-14.0 mm snout-vent length in adult males and unique color pattern of copper brown dorsum covered with small spinulose black warts; ventral surface black finely spotted with white, posterior abdomen and ventral surfaces of the forearm, hand and foot with red stains. The new species is nocturnal and breeds in the water accumulated in the leaf-axils of phytotelmata.

Possible adverse effects of the quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine in the Region of Southern Denmark

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Cramon, Cecilie; Lindegaard Poulsen, Christina; Hartling, Ulla Birgitte

2017-01-01

INTRODUCTION: Since the introduction of the quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine, young girls and women have reported a broad range of symptoms. These have been described as possible adverse effects of the vaccine. In this study, we describe demographic characteristics, symptomatology......, clinical and laboratory test results in patients referred with suspected adverse effects in the Region of Southern Denmark. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective, descriptive study. The patients filled out a questionnaire, were interviewed by a doctor and received a standard physical examination...... still in diagnostic workup when the present study concluded. CONCLUSIONS: The patients reported a wide range of symptoms. We found an overall low prevalence of POTS. It should be further investigated whether these patients might suffer from a functional disorder rather than from adverse effects...

Origin and Distribution of PAHs in Ambient Particulate Samples at High Mountain Region in Southern China

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Peng-hui Li

2015-01-01

Full Text Available To understand the deposition and transport of PAHs in southern China, a measurement campaign was conducted at a high-elevation site (the summit of Mount Heng, 1269 m A.S.L. from April 4 to May 31, 2009, and a total of 39 total suspended particulate samples were collected for measurement of PAH concentrations. The observed particulate-bound PAHs concentrations ranged from 1.63 to 29.83 ng/m3, with a mean concentration of 6.03 ng/m3. BbF, FLA, and PYR were the predominant compounds. Good correlations were found between individual PAHs and meteorological parameters such as atmospheric pressure, relative humidity, and ambient temperature. The backward trajectory analysis suggested that particulate samples measured at the Mount Heng region were predominantly associated with the air masses from southern China, while the air masses transported over northern and northwestern China had relative higher PAHs concentrations. Based on the diagnostic ratios and factor analysis, vehicular emission, coal combustion, industry emission, and unburned fossil fuels were suggested to be the PAHs sources at Mount Heng site. However, the reactivity and degradation of individual PAHs could influence the results of PAH source profiles, which deserves further investigations in the future.

High Resolution Vp and Vp/Vs Local Earthquake Tomography of the Val d'Agri Region (Southern Apennines, Italy).

Science.gov (United States)

Improta, L.; Bagh, S.; De Gori, P.; Pastori, M.; Piccinini, D.; Valoroso, L.; Anselmi, M.; Buttinelli, M.; Chiarabba, C.

2015-12-01

The Val d'Agri (VA) Quaternary basin in the southern Apennines extensional belt hosts the largest oilfield in onshore Europe and normal-fault systems with high (up to M7) seismogenic potential. Frequent small-magnitude swarms related to both active crustal extension and anthropogenic activity have occurred in the region. Causal factors for induced seismicity are a water impoundment with severe seasonal oscillations and a high-rate wastewater injection well. We analyzed around 1200 earthquakes (MLENI petroleum company. We used local earthquake tomography to investigate static and transient features of the crustal velocity structure and to accurately locate earthquakes. Vp and Vp/Vs models are parameterized by a 3x3x2 km spacing and well resolved down to about 12 km depth. The complex Vp model illuminates broad antiformal structures corresponding to wide ramp-anticlines involving Mesozoic carbonates of the Apulia hydrocarbon reservoir, and NW-SE trending low Vp regions related to thrust-sheet-top clastic basins. The VA basin corresponds to shallow low-Vp region. Focal mechanisms show normal faulting kinematics with minor strike slip solutions in agreement with the local extensional regime. Earthquake locations and focal solutions depict shallow (< 5 km depth) E-dipping extensional structures beneath the artificial lake located in the southern sector of the basin, and along the western margin of the VA. A few swarms define relatively deep transfer structures accommodating the differential extension between main normal faults. The spatio-temporal distribution of around 220 events correlates with wastewater disposal activity, illuminating a NE-dipping fault between 2-5 km depth in the carbonate reservoir. The fault measures 5 km along dip and corresponds to a pre-existing thrust fault favorably oriented with respect to the local extensional field.

A Political Economy of Water in Southern Africa

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Larry A. Swatuk

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Southern Africa is a region characterised by extensive socio-economic underdevelopment. Given water’s key role in social organisation, water allocation, use and management in Southern Africa is embedded in deep historical and structural processes of regional underdevelopment. Gini coefficients of income inequality in several states of the region are the most extreme in the world. Recent data from South Africa shows that Gini coefficients of water inequality vary directly with income inequality. Recent attempts to improve water resources management in the region through IWRM have failed to consider these facts, focusing instead on a mix of institutional, policy and legal reforms. The results of these reforms have been poor. In this essay, I employ a modified version of Allan’s (2003 'water paradigms' framework to locate and assess the positions and interests of actors involved in water resources management in Southern Africa. The essay shows that Southern Africa’s history of underdevelopment has created a dense web of powerful political, economic and social interests linked by a shared technocentric understanding of and approach to water use: i.e. water for 'high modern-style' development, or as labelled by Allen, 'the hydraulic mission'. What is less readily acknowledged is the wide-spread societal support for this mission. For this reason, ecocentric approaches to water management most commonly associated with influential international actors such as the IUCN and World Wide Fund for Nature have limited local support and are of minor relevance to Southern African decision-makers. However, actors supportive of an ecocentric perspective demonstrate considerable ability to inhibit water infrastructure development across the region. In the face of abiding poverty and inequality, and vulnerability to water insecurity, widespread societal support for a technocentric approach to resource use offers a pathway toward broad-based social benefits

Restricted regions of enhanced growth of Antarctic krill in the circumpolar Southern Ocean.

Science.gov (United States)

Murphy, Eugene J; Thorpe, Sally E; Tarling, Geraint A; Watkins, Jonathan L; Fielding, Sophie; Underwood, Philip

2017-07-31

Food webs in high-latitude oceans are dominated by relatively few species. Future ocean and sea-ice changes affecting the distribution of such species will impact the structure and functioning of whole ecosystems. Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) is a key species in Southern Ocean food webs, but there is little understanding of the factors influencing its success throughout much of the ocean. The capacity of a habitat to maintain growth will be crucial and here we use an empirical relationship of growth rate to assess seasonal spatial variability. Over much of the ocean, potential for growth is limited, with three restricted oceanic regions where seasonal conditions permit high growth rates, and only a few areas around the Scotia Sea and Antarctic Peninsula suitable for growth of the largest krill (>60 mm). Our study demonstrates that projections of impacts of future change need to account for spatial and seasonal variability of key ecological processes within ocean ecosystems.

EVALUACIÓN DE PLAGUICIDAS 0RGAN0CL0RAD0S POR HS-SPME - GC/ECD EN LECHE PASTEURIZADA COMERCIALIZADA EN LA CIUDAD DE CARTAGENA (COLOMBIA A AVALIAQÁO DOS PESTICIDAS ORGANOCLORADOS POR HS-SPME - GC/ECD EM LEITE PASTEURIZADO COMERCIALIZADAS NA CIDADE CARTAGENA (COLOMBIA EVALUATION OF PESTICIDES BY HS-SPME ORGANOCHLORINE - GC / ECD IN PASTEURIZED MILK MARKETED IN THE CITY CARTAGENA (COLOMBIA

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DENILES DEL CARMEN DE ARCO R

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Los plaguicidas han sido utilizados en todo el mundo desde mediados del siglo XX, en campañas de Salud Pública y en prácticas agrícolas. Los Plaguicidas Organoclorados (POCs presentan mayor impacto sobre el ambiente porque no son biodegradables, son lipofílicos, tienen gran movilidad por todo el planeta y gran tendencia a la bioacumulación, através de la cadena trófica. Con el objetivo de identificar y cuantificar plaguicidas organoclorados en leche entera pasteurizada de dos marcas (A y B, que se comercializan en la ciudad de Cartagena de Indias, se realizó la presente investigación, utilizando Microextracción en Fase Sólida en Espacio de Cabeza y Cromatografía de Gases con Detector de Captura de Electrones (HS-SPME-GC/ECD. Fueron analizadas 36 muestras (n=36, 18 de cada marca. El 100% de las muestras (n=36 resultaron positivas para el plaguicida lindano (γ-HCH, superando el Límite Máximo Residual (LMR de 0,01 mg/kg, establecido por la Food and Agriculture Organization y la Organización Mundial de la Salud (FAO/OMS. Las concentraciones promedio de lindano obtenidas para la marca A fueron de 0,042 mg/kg ± 0,003 y 0,062 ± 0,0016 mg/kg (base grasa para la marca B, no superando la Ingesta Diaria Admisible (IDA de 0,001 mg/kg de peso corporal.Os pesticidas têm sido usados em todo o mundo desde meados do século XX, as campanhas de saúde pública e práticas agrícolas. Os inseticidas organoclorados (AP têm maior impacto sobre o meio ambiente porque não são biodegradáveis, são lipofílicas, têm grande mobilidade ao redor do mundo e maior tendencia para a bioacumulação através da cadeia alimentar. A fim de identificar e quantificar pesticidas organoclorados em leite integral, duas marcas (A e B, comercializada na cidade de Cartagena das Índias, a presente investigação foi realizada por cromatografia em Fase Sólida, Microextração Headspace Gás com Detector de Captura de Elétrons(HS-SPME-GC/ECD. 36 amostras foram

Southern Nevada ecosystem stressors [Chapter 2

Science.gov (United States)

Burton K. Pendleton; Jeanne C. Chambers; Mathew L. Brooks; Steven M. Ostoja

2013-01-01

Southern Nevada ecosystems and their associated resources are subject to a number of global and regional/local stressors that are affecting the sustainability of the region. Global stressors include elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations and associated changes in temperature and precipitation patterns and amounts, solar radiation, and nutrient cycles (Smith and...

Inconsistencies of Breast Cancer Risk Factors between the Northern and Southern Regions of Vietnam

Science.gov (United States)

Trieu, Phuong Dung (Yun); Mello-Thoms, Claudia; Peat, Jennifer K; Do, Thuan Doan; Brennan, Patrick C

2017-10-26

Background: In recent decades the amount of new breast cancer cases in the southern region has been reported to increase more rapidly than in the northernVietnam. The aim of this study is to compare breast cancer risk factors between the two regions and establish if westernized influences have an impact on any reported differences. Method: Data was collected from the two largest oncology hospitals in the north and the south of Vietnam in 2015. Breast density, demographic, reproductive and lifestyle data of 127 cases and 269 controls were collected in the north and 141 cases and 250 controls were gathered from the south. Baseline differences in factors between cases and age-matched controls in each region were assessed using chi-square tests and independent t-tests. Odds ratios (OR) for independent risk factors for breast cancer were obtained from conditional logistic regression. Results: In northern Vietnam significantly increased risks in developing breast cancer were observed for women with age at first menstrual period less than 14 years old (OR=2.1; Pcup of coffee per day (OR=1.9; P<0.05) were more likely to be diagnosed with breast cancer. Conclusion: We found that women living in the south had some breast cancer associations, such as increased mammographic density and coffee consumption, which are closer to the risks in westernized populations than women in the north. Creative Commons Attribution License

A zinc, copper and citric acid biocomplex shows promise for control of Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca in olive trees in Apulia region (southern Italy)

Science.gov (United States)

The bacterium Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca is associated with the “olive quick decline syndrome” in the Apulia region of southern Italy. To investigate control of this phytopathogen, a compound containing zinc and copper complexed with citric-acid hydracids (Dentamet®) was evaluated for in vitro ...

La actividad económica de la Junta de Obras del Puerto de Cartagena: análisis de su política de gestión al inicio del siglo XX (1900-1905)

OpenAIRE

Guzmán Raja, Isidoro; Guzmán Raja, Manuela

2015-01-01

[ESP] El presente trabajo examina el contenido de las Memorias Económico-Administrativas de la Junta de Obras del Puerto de Cartagena (en adelante JOP) al comienzo del siglo XX, con el fin de analizar en la esfera de la contabilidad pública sus prácticas administrativas y contables para el reflejo de su actividad económica durante el periodo 1900-1905, espacio temporal que estuvo claramente marcado por la publicación de legislación de índole administrativa y contable (Reales Decreto de 1901 y...

Pedro Claver y la labor de evangelización en Cartagena de Indias (Siglo XVII: Fuentes claves para analizar a los africanos en el Nuevo Mundo

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Paola Vargas Arana

2006-12-01

Full Text Available El artículo analiza el documento de canonización de Pedro Claver referido a su trabajo de evangelización de africanos en Cartagena de Indias durante el siglo XVII. El objetivo es cuestionar la labor y la utilidad del santo en la formación identitaria del puerto. En particular propone que el santo intentó hacer del cristianismo uno de los pilares de esa identidad, al punto de generar alianzas entre los sectores europeos que se hallaban en pugna por el control político y económico del puerto. Sin embargo, fracasó en la empresa de extirpar las herencias africanas recreadas como respuesta a las tentativas de evangelización de Claver.

Separatist Conflicts in the ASEAN Region: Comparing Southern Thailand and Mindanao

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Kathrin Rupprecht

2014-06-01

Full Text Available This paper examines two cases of separatist conflict, namely the conflict in Southern Thailand and the conflict in the southern Philippines. Both conflicts have been long-lasting, extremely violent, and embedded in ethnic and religious sentiments. The comparison shows that there are structural analogies in both conflict cases that indicate similar root causes. State-internal conflicts of this scale are not purely a matter of national politics. States and non-state actors have influenced – and are still influencing – both separatist conflicts in various ways and towards different outcomes. It becomes apparent that non-traditional security issues that are linked to state-internal conflicts demand a more proactive role of ASEAN in the field of conflict management.

CONCORDANCIA ENTRE CINCO DEFINICIONES DE SÍNDROME METABÓLICO. CARTAGENA, COLOMBIA

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Gustavo Mora García

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Fundamentos: Durante la última década el síndrome metabólico fue definido en cinco diferentes guías. Con cada definición se modifica la capacidad predictiva del síndrome sobre la enfermedad cardiovascular. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el grado de concordancia entre estas cinco guías en Cartagena (Colombia. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal en adultos. El tamaño mínimo de muestra se estimó con información del censo DANE 2005. Se realizó un muestreo por conglomerados bietápico que incluyó 670 individuos. Para estimar la prevalencia del síndrome se aplicaron las guías OMS (Organización Mundial de la Salud, AHA/NHBLI (Asociación Americana del Corazón, ATPIII (Panel de Tratamiento de Adultos, IDF (Federación Internacional de Diabetes y JIS (Declaración Provisional Conjunta. La concordancia fue calculada con el índice Kappa de Cohen. Resultados: Según las guías JIS, IDF, ATPIII, AHA/NHBLI y OMS, la prevalencia de síndrome metabólico fue del 36,3%, 35,1%, 30,3%, 24,2% y 4,9% respectivamente. La concordancia entre JIS e IDF fue de 0,893 mientras que el índice entre estas guías y AHA/NHBLI fue de 0,778 y 0,750 respectivamente. El ATP III tuvo una concordancia más baja con JIS e IDF (0,711 y 0,645, respectivamente pero con AHA/NHLBI la concordancia fue de 0,863. La OMS presentó un acuerdo con las demás guías de entre 0,14 y 0,16. Conclusiones: Existe concordancia significativa entre las cuatro guías más recientes. Los puntos de corte para obesidad abdominal podrían justificar las diferencias encontradas.

Development of a decision support system for setting up a wind energy policy across the Walloon Region (southern Belgium)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lejeune, P. [Unit of Forest and Nature Management, Gembloux Agricultural University, 2, Passage des Deportes, B-5030 Gembloux (Belgium); Feltz, C. [Unit of Soil, Ecology and Territory, Gembloux Agricultural University, 2, Passage des Deportes, B-5030 Gembloux (Belgium)

2008-11-15

Wallonia (the region covering southern Belgium) is committed to making a significant increase in its wind-powered electricity production capacity by 2010. Therefore, a decision support system designed to evaluate and map environmental and landscape constraints fundamental to the building of wind farms was developed for the whole Walloon Region (17,000 km{sup 2}). This system is a geodatabase using 40 criteria (landscape or environmental) corresponding to three constraint levels (exclusion, highly sensitive and sensitive). This geodatabase also has analysis functions developed in the ArcGIS 9 software environment that are used to update the overall constraints map, to analyse sensitivity with respect to constraint criteria-defining parameters as well as to perform full diagnostic studies on wind farm projects. (author)

Species of conservation concern and environmental stressors: local regional and global effects: Chapter 6 in The Southern Nevada Agency Partnership science and research synthesis: science to support land management in southern Nevada

Science.gov (United States)

Ostoja, Steven M.; Brooks, Matthew L.; Chambers, Jeanne C.; Pendleton, Burton

2013-01-01

Species conservation has traditionally been based on individual species within the context of their requisite habitat, which is generally defined as the communities and ecosystems deemed necessary for their presence. Conservation decisions are hampered by the fact that environmental stressors that poetically threaten the persistence of species can operate at organizational levels larger than the habitat or home range of a focal species. Resource managers must therefore simultaneously consider local, regional, and/or global scale stressors for effective conservation and management of species of concern. The wide ranging effects associated with global stressors such as climate change may exceed or exacerbate the effects of local or regional stressors, they still need to understand the direct and interactive effects of global stressors and ultimately how they affect the lands they manage. Conservation of species in southern Nevada is further complication by the fact that the region includes one of the largest and fastest growing urban centers in North America. To accomplish the goal of species conservation, resource managers must identify actionable management options that mitigate the effects of local and regional stressor in the context of the effects of global stressors that are beyond their control. Species conservation is typically focused on a subset often referred to as species of conservation concern that have either demonstrated considerable decline or are naturally rare or have limited distributions. Stressors can directly and indirectly impact species in a variety of ways and through a diversity of mechanisms. Some stressors have been more intense in the past (e.g., livestock grazing) whereas other are now only emerging as new stressors (e.g., solar energy development, climate change). The primary stressors affecting southern Nevada ecosystems are listed in table 2.1 and reviewed in detail in Chapter 2. This chapter addresses Dub-goal 1.4 in the SNAP

GPS measurements of crustal deformation across the southern Arava Valley section of the Dead Sea Fault and implications to regional seismic hazard assessment

Science.gov (United States)

Hamiel, Yariv; Masson, Frederic; Piatibratova, Oksana; Mizrahi, Yaakov

2018-01-01

Detailed analysis of crustal deformation along the southern Arava Valley section of the Dead Sea Fault is presented. Using dense GPS measurements we obtain the velocities of new near- and far-field campaign stations across the fault. We find that this section is locked with a locking depth of 19.9 ± 7.7 km and a slip rate of 5.0 ± 0.8 mm/yr. The geodetically determined locking depth is found to be highly consistent with the thickness of the seismogenic zone in this region. Analysis of instrumental seismic record suggests that only 1% of the total seismic moment accumulated since the last large event occurred about 800 years ago, was released by small to moderate earthquakes. Historical and paleo-seismic catalogs of this region together with instrumental seismic data and calculations of Coulomb stress changes induced by the 1995 Mw 7.2 Nuweiba earthquake suggest that the southern Arava Valley section of the Dead Sea Fault is in the late stage of the current interseismic period.

[Tobacco cultivationin Salento (Apulia Region, Southern Italy) from 1929 to 1993: possible health implications].

Science.gov (United States)

Montinari, Maria Rosa; Minelli, Pierluca; Gianicolo, Emilio Antonio Luca

2018-01-01

The Province of Lecce (Apulia Region, Southern Italy) is one of the Italian areas where the prevalence of respiratory disease and cancer of the respitartory tract is very high. Through a descriptive analysis of the historical series of tobacco culture indicators, a historical reconstruction of the development of tobacco cultivation in Salento (the area where the Province of Lecce is located) is here presented, in order to provide an additional element of knowledge on potential risk factors for respiratory diseases and cancers. Data regarding extensions in hectares and crop productions in the province of Lecce, in Apulia, and in Italy are from the Chamber of commerce of Lecce province and from the Italian National Institute of Statistics (Istat). From 1929 to 1993, the province of Lecce provided between 75% and 94% of the tobacco cultivated in Apulia Region and 25% of the national tobacco until 1945. Since the late Sixties, a growing increase in annual average production was observed, reaching 21.5 quintals per hectare in 1991 in Salento. This large tobacco production, associated with intensive use of pesticides, could be an element to be observed in analytical studies as a determining potential for the high prevalence of respiratory diseases and pulmonary cancers in the male population of the province of Lecce.

Construction of a restriction map and gene map of the lettuce chloroplast small single-copy region using Southern cross-hybridization.

Science.gov (United States)

Mitchelson, K R

1996-01-01

The small single-copy region (SSCR) of the chloroplast genome of many higher plants typically contain ndh genes encoding proteins that share homology with subunits of the respiratory-chain reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) dehydrogenase complex of mitochondria. A map of the lettuce chloroplast SSCR has been determined by Southern cross-hybridization, taking advantage of the high degree of homology between a tobacco small single-copy fragment and a corresponding lettuce chloroplast fragment. The gene order of the SSCR of lettuce and tobacco chloroplasts is similar. The cross-hybridization method can rapidly create a primary gene map of unknown chloroplast fragments, thus providing detailed information of the localization and arrangement of genes and conserved open reading frame regions.

LA SIERRA DE CARTAGENA-LA UNIÓN (MURCIA: UN EJEMPLO DE ACTIVIDAD TURÍSTICA A TRAVÉS DEL PATRIMONIO MINERO

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Francisco José Morales Yago

2015-01-01

Full Text Available El cese final en el año 1991 de la actividad minera en la Sierra de Cartagena-La Unión en la Región de Murcia supuso para esta comarca el inicio de un gran declive económico que no ha encontrado respuesta hasta tiempos recientes, en donde la iniciativa para la puesta en valor del importante legado minero-industrial está sirviendo de base en la creación de un proyecto turístico complementario al tradicional de sol y playa ubicado en La Manga del Mar Menor y demás espacios litorales. El análisis DAFO incluido como metodología principal de este trabajo permitirá a través de la participación de distintos colectivos conocer y analizar el presente así como la proyección de futuro de esta nueva actividad que potencialmente supondrá un importante cambio en la actividad socioeconómica de la comarca y por consiguiente de sus habitantes.

REPRESENTACIONES SOCIALES SOBRE LA CIUDAD. APROXIMACIÓN A UN ESTUDIO ETNOGRÁFICO EN CARTAGENA DE INDIAS

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Kenia Victoria Cogollo

2009-08-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de la investigación fue identificar formas poco conocidas de ver, usar, entender y apropiar la ciudad que tienen sus habitantes, indagando acerca de las representaciones sociales sobre la Cartagena contemporánea, que cada uno ha construido en su interacción con ella. Desde esa perspectiva, el proyecto de investigación permitió descubrir qué piensa la gente de la ciudad, qué significa para ella, qué valor le dan como espacio de vida, para, a partir de ello, perfilar propuestas que apoyen la recuperación y fortalecimiento de procesos colectivos que la resignifiquen, en beneficio de propios y extraños. La investigación de tipo cualitativo, desde la perspectiva etnográfica, accedió al estudio de aspectos de la cultura de grupos humanos que conviven en esta ciudad. Además, permitió que concurrieran “sintonías” convenientes para investigadores sociales, planificadores y administradores de la ciudad, convergencia fundamental para la formulación de planes sociales que impulsen el desarrollo sociocultural de la ciudad, que tengan respaldo en expectativas, conocimientos, prácticas sociales e intereses de sus habitantes. Las técnicas usadas en la recolección de información fueron: Entrevista semiestructurada y Observación recurrente.

Characterization by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry of Commercially Available Thinner in the City of Cartagena

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Jesus Olivero

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Thinner is a widely used product in the industry of paints, lubricants and adhesives. Its composition varies according to its use and quality. However, its chronic exposure is a concern, because it can affect major organs such as lungs, liver, kidney and the adrenal glands. This study characterizes the composition of several thinner samples commercially available in the city of Cartagena. Twelve samples were collected in different stores, these were then analyzed through gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS. The results showed that not only the composition but also the relative distribution of the components present in the samples are variable. Thirty two compounds were detected: toluene, o-xylene, p-xylene and ethylbenzene —among others— with occurrence frequencies of 91.7, 66.7, 75, and 66.7 %, respectively. The lack of knowledge regarding the risk of poisoning, produced when handling this type of mixtures, may be the cause of many health problems in people exposed to thinner, both in workplace and domestic activities. A data mining showed the potential association between thinner components and clinical manifestations, which include kidney and liver damage, hair loss, haematological disorders, dermatitis, anxiety and balance problems, among others. In conclusion, thinner has large variability, both in terms of components and of their relative composition. The adverse health effects of direct or indirect exposure to these components have been widely described in the literature.

Renewable energy resource and technology assessment: Southern Tier Central Region, New York, New York. Renewable Energy Resource Inventory; renewable energy technology handbook; technology assessment workbook

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1978-12-01

The Renewable Energy Resource Inventory contains regional maps that record the location of renewable energy resources such as insolation, wind, biomass, and hydropower in the Southern Tier Central Region of New York State. It contains an outline of a process by which communities can prepare local renewable energy resource inventories using maps and overlays. The process starts with the mapping of the resources at a regional scale and telescopes to an analysis of resources at a site-specific scale. The resource inventory presents a site analysis of Sullivan Street Industrial Park, Elmira, New York.

Creating regional consensus for starting school later: a physician-driven approach in southern Maine.

Science.gov (United States)

Collins, Tracey Ann; Indorf, Christopher; Klak, Thomas

2017-12-01

In April 2016, several contiguous school districts and an independent high school academy in southern Maine voted simultaneously to start school later, beginning with the 2016-17 academic year. They became Maine's first school districts to implement the American Academy of Pediatrics' 1 and the American Medical Association's 2 health policy recommendations that middle and high schools should not start before 8:30 AM. Local physicians' presentations to school staff and parents on the medical evidence of the health benefits of a later start solidified early consensus. The action required special permission from the Maine Municipal Association to hold a joint school board vote, impacted approximately 6500 students across the region, resulted in no increase in busing costs, and took 8 months to implement after the first formal school board discussions. Copyright © 2017 National Sleep Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Prediction of Climatic Change for the Next 100 Years in the Apulia Region, Southern Italy

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Mladen Todorovic

2007-12-01

Full Text Available The impact of climate change on water resources and use for agricultural production has become a critical question for sustainability. Our objective was investigate the impact of the expected climate changes for the next 100 years on the water balance variations, climatic classifications, and crop water requirements in the Apulia region (Southern Italy. The results indicated that an increase of temperature, in the range between 1.3 and 2,5 °C, is expected in the next 100 years. The reference evapotranspiration (ETo variations would follow a similar trend; as averaged over the whole region, the ETo increase would be about 15.4%. The precipitation will not change significantly on yearly basis although a slight decrease in summer months and a slight increase during the winter season are foreseen. The climatic water deficit (CWD is largely caused by ETo increase, and it would increase over the whole Apulia region in average for more than 200 mm. According to Thornthwaite and Mather climate classification, the moisture index will decrease in the future, with decreasing of humid areas and increasing of aridity zones. The net irrigation requirements (NIR, calculated for ten major crops in the Apulia region, would increase significantly in the future. By the end of the 21st Century, the foreseen increase of NIR, in respect to actual situation, is the greatest for olive tree (65%, wheat (61%, grapevine (49%, and citrus (48% and it is slightly lower for maize (35%, sorghum (34%, sunflower (33%, tomato (31%, and winter and spring sugar beet (both 27%.

Southern Annular Mode drives multicentury wildfire activity in southern South America.

Science.gov (United States)

Holz, Andrés; Paritsis, Juan; Mundo, Ignacio A; Veblen, Thomas T; Kitzberger, Thomas; Williamson, Grant J; Aráoz, Ezequiel; Bustos-Schindler, Carlos; González, Mauro E; Grau, H Ricardo; Quezada, Juan M

2017-09-05

The Southern Annular Mode (SAM) is the main driver of climate variability at mid to high latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere, affecting wildfire activity, which in turn pollutes the air and contributes to human health problems and mortality, and potentially provides strong feedback to the climate system through emissions and land cover changes. Here we report the largest Southern Hemisphere network of annually resolved tree ring fire histories, consisting of 1,767 fire-scarred trees from 97 sites (from 22 °S to 54 °S) in southern South America (SAS), to quantify the coupling of SAM and regional wildfire variability using recently created multicentury proxy indices of SAM for the years 1531-2010 AD. We show that at interannual time scales, as well as at multidecadal time scales across 37-54 °S, latitudinal gradient elevated wildfire activity is synchronous with positive phases of the SAM over the years 1665-1995. Positive phases of the SAM are associated primarily with warm conditions in these biomass-rich forests, in which widespread fire activity depends on fuel desiccation. Climate modeling studies indicate that greenhouse gases will force SAM into its positive phase even if stratospheric ozone returns to normal levels, so that climate conditions conducive to widespread fire activity in SAS will continue throughout the 21st century.

Geochronology of granitoids and gnaisses from the Rio Maria, Mata Geral farm and Itacaiunas river regions, southern Para, Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Montalvao, R.M.G. de; Tassinari, C.C.G.; Bezerra, P.E.L.; Prado, P.

1984-01-01

Granitoids and gneisses occurring at Rio Maria, Mata Geral farm and Itacaiunas river regions, southern Para, underwent radiometric age determinations by Rb/Sr method using conventional isochrons. Results obtained from the Rio Maria and Mata Geral farm regions allowed te establishment of a reference 2,600 my Rb/Sr isochron with an initial Sr 87 /Sr 86 ratio of 0.7009. This result resembles the one obtained for granitoids and gneisses hosting rocks of the Serra do Inaja greenstone belt, located some what south of this area, which yielded, in Rb/Sr isochron, a radiometric age of 2,696 + - 79 my with an initial Sr 87 /Sr 86 ratio of 0.701. Results obtained from the Itacaiunas river region allowed for the establishment of a Rb/Sr referential isochron of 2,480 + - 40 my wth an initial Sr 87 /.Sr 86 ratio of 0.7072. Due to low initial ratios, it is suggested that the rocks from the Rio Maria, Mata Geral farm and Serra do Inaja regions formed from Mafic crust or superior mantle reworking, while those from the Itacaiunas river region, due to a high initial ratio, result from reworking at high crustal levels. (Author) [pt

Regional characteristics of land use in northeast and southern Blue Ridge province: Associations with acid-rain effects on surface-water chemistry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liegel, L.; Cassell, D.; Stevens, D.; Shaffer, P.; Church, R.

1991-01-01

The Direct/Delayed Response Project (DDRP) is one of several being conducted by the United States Environmental Protection Agency to assess risk to surface waters from acidic deposition in the eastern United States. In one phase of DDRP, land use, wetland, and forest cover data were collected for statistical samples of 145 northeast lakes and 35 southern Blue Ridge Province stream watersheds. Land use and other data were then extrapolated from individual to target watershed populations in both study regions. Project statistical design allows summarization of results for various subsets of the target population. The article discusses results and implications of the land-use and land-cover characterization for both regions

WEB-GIS FOR ASSESSING SCENARIOS OF USING NATURAL RESOURCE POTENTIAL OF SOUTHERN MACROREGION

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O. E. Аrkhipova

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The article is devoted to the use of geoinformation technologies, including “cloud” services, for assessing the natural resource potential of the southern macroregion. The toolkit has been proposed to evaluate various scenarios of social and economic development of the regions and the associated use of the natural resource potential of the southern region. The geoinformation system for the regions of the South of Russia and a web application have been created.The methodology for assessing scenarios for usind the natural resource potential of the southern macroregion have been developed using ArcGis Online cloud technology. This technology allows you to run and maintain software and store data on the server by creating a private or combined cloud. Web-GIS are created on the basis of the interactive designer Story Map Journal℠.The relations in the nature-society system are evaluated on the example of two subjects of the Russian Federation that are part of the Southern and North-Caucasian federal districts – Rostov region and the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. Investigation of the natural resource potential of the southern regions of Russia involves comparing the available reserves of a particular type of resources and the degree of their use. A comparison of the potential resource reserve and the real intensity of its consumption in the municipalities of these regions formed the basis for interpreting the obtained estimates of the efficiency of using of the natural resource potential. Quantitative estimates are obtained at the level of municipal regions using developed software tools that combine GIS, databases and mathematical modeling.

Santa Ana Winds of Southern California: Their Climatology and Variability Spanning 6.5 Decades from Regional Dynamical Modelling

Science.gov (United States)

Guzman-Morales, J.; Gershunov, A.

2015-12-01

Santa Ana Winds (SAWs) are an integral feature of the regional climate of Southern California/Northern Baja California region. In spite of their tremendous episodic impacts on the health, economy and mood of the region, climate-scale behavior of SAW is poorly understood. In the present work, we identify SAWs in mesoscale dynamical downscaling of a global reanalysis product and construct an hourly SAW catalogue spanning 65 years. We describe the long-term SAW climatology at relevant time-space resolutions, i.e, we developed local and regional SAW indices and analyse their variability on hourly, daily, annual, and multi-decadal timescales. Local and regional SAW indices are validated with available anemometer observations. Characteristic behaviors are revealed, e.g. the SAW intensity-duration relationship. At interdecadal time scales, we find that seasonal SAW activity is sensitive to prominent large-scale low-frequency modes of climate variability rooted in the tropical and north Pacific ocean-atmosphere system that are also known to affect the hydroclimate of this region. Lastly, we do not find any long-term trend in SAW frequency and intensity as previously reported. Instead, we identify a significant long-term trend in SAW behavior whereby contribution of extreme SAW events to total seasonal SAW activity has been increasing at the expense of moderate events. These findings motivate further investigation on SAW evolution in future climate and its impact on wildfires.

El Niño-Southern Oscillation and water resources in the headwaters region of the Yellow River: links and potential for forecasting

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. Lü

2011-04-01

Full Text Available This research explores the rainfall-El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO and runoff-ENSO relationships and examines the potential for water resource forecasting using these relationships. The Southern Oscillation Index (SOI, Niño1.2, Niño3, Niño4, and Niño3.4 were selected as ENSO indicators for cross-correlation analyses of precipitation and runoff. There was a significant correlation (95% confidence level between precipitation and ENSO indicators during three periods: January, March, and from September to November. In addition, monthly streamflow and monthly ENSO indictors were significantly correlated during three periods: from January to March, June, and from October to December (OND, with lag periods between one and twelve months. Because ENSO events can be accurately predicted one to two years in advance using physical modeling of the coupled ocean-atmosphere system, the lead time for forecasting runoff using ENSO indicators in the Headwaters Region of the Yellow River could extend from one to 36 months. Therefore, ENSO may have potential as a powerful forecasting tool for water resources in the headwater regions of Yellow River.

Climate Risk in Southern and Eastern Africa's Hydropower Generation

Science.gov (United States)

Dalin, C.; Conway, D.; Landman, W.; Osborn, T.

2016-12-01

Hydropower comprises a major proportion of electricity production in southern and eastern Africa and is undergoing rapid expansion. Hydropower production in both regions is exposed to high levels of climate variability and regional linkages are strong, yet an understanding of aggregate climate risk is lacking. Here we map regions of coherent precipitation variability with current and planned (2030) hydropower sites, river basin configuration and regional energy grids to assess aggregate exposure to hydropower supply disruption. If fully implemented hydropower will be increasingly concentrated in the Nile basin in eastern Africa and the Zambezi basin in southern Africa. Regions of similar rainfall variability show close alignment with the main sites of hydropower. Future concentration of hydropower will greatly increase the concurrent risk of climate related electricity supply disruption. Nascent electricity sharing mechanisms could mitigate risk but face considerable political and infrastructural challenges.

Regional disaster risk management strategies for food security: Probing Southern African Development Community channels for influencing national policy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Happy M. Tirivangasi

2018-05-01

Full Text Available Natural disasters and food insecurity are directly interconnected. Climate change related hazards such as floods, hurricanes, tsunamis, droughts and other risks can weaken food security and severely impact agricultural activities. Consequently, this has an impact on market access, trade, food supply, reduced income, increased food prices, decreased farm income and employment. Natural disasters create poverty, which in turn increases the prevalence of food insecurity and malnutrition. It is clear that disasters put food security at risk. The poorest people in the community are affected by food insecurity and disasters; hence, there is a need to be prepared as well as be in a position to manage disasters. Without serious efforts to address them, the risks of disasters will become an increasingly serious obstacle to sustainable development and the achievement of sustainable development goals, particularly goal number 2 ‘end hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture’. In recent years, countries in southern Africa have experienced an increase in the frequency, magnitude and impact of climate change–related hazards such as droughts, veld fire, depleting water resources and flood events. This research aims to reveal Southern African Development Community disaster risk management strategies for food security to see how they an influence and shape policy at the national level in southern Africa. Sustainable Livelihood approach was adopted as the main theoretical framework for the study. The qualitative Analysis is based largely on data from databases such as national reports, regional reports and empirical findings on the disaster management–sustainable development nexus.

Southern African Development Research Network | IDRC ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

... to craft policies for fruitful integration into the global economy and inclusive growth. ... The grant will support a broad-based research network, the Southern Africa ... researchers based in regional institutions; transforming selected institutions ...

Prevalence of penicillin and erythromycin resistance among invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates reported by laboratories in the southern and eastern Mediterranean region.

Science.gov (United States)

Borg, M A; Tiemersma, E; Scicluna, E; van de Sande-Bruinsma, N; de Kraker, M; Monen, J; Grundmann, H

2009-03-01

Information about the epidemiology of resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae within southern and eastern countries of the Mediterranean region is incomplete, as reports have been sporadic and difficult to compare. Over a 36-month period, from 2003 to 2005, the ARMed project collected 1298 susceptibility test results of invasive isolates of S. pneumoniae from blood and spinal fluid cultures routinely processed within 59 participating laboratories situated in Algeria, Cyprus, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Malta, Morocco, Tunisia and Turkey. Overall, 26% (335) of isolates were reported as non-susceptible to penicillin, with the highest proportions being reported from Algeria (44%) and Lebanon (40%). During the same time period, the highest proportions of pneumococci that were not susceptible to erythromycin were reported from Malta (46%) and Tunisia (39%). Proportions of dual non-susceptibility in excess of 5% were found in laboratories in Algeria, Tunisia, Lebanon, Jordan and Turkey. ARMed data on the antimicrobial resistance epidemiology of S. pneumoniae in the southern and eastern Mediterranean region provided evidence of high rates of resistance, especially to penicillin. This evidence calls for a greater focus on the identification of relevant drivers of resistance and on the implemention of effective practices in order to address the problem of resistence.

REC profile 2: Southern Electric

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1995-01-01

A review is presented of South Electric plc, one of the United Kingdom's Regional Electricity Companies (RECs), at present distributing electric power in central southern England. Known in financial markets as an efficient performer, the staff reductions and changes of employment conditions undertaken to achieve this end are described. The need to maintain success in its core business, while simultaneously seeking diversification, drive the company's keen competitive edge. The relationship between the RECs and the electricity regulator is also explored, as Southern Electric considers a friendly merger with another REC to improve its market competitiveness in price terms. (UK)

Ambient Noise Tomography at Regional and Local Scales in Southern California using Rayleigh Wave Phase Dispersion and Ellipticity

Science.gov (United States)

Berg, E.; Lin, F. C.; Qiu, H.; Wang, Y.; Allam, A. A.; Clayton, R. W.; Ben-Zion, Y.

2017-12-01

Rayleigh waves extracted from cross-correlations of ambient seismic noise have proven useful in imaging the shallow subsurface velocity structure. In contrast to phase velocities, which are sensitive to slightly deeper structure, Rayleigh wave ellipticity (H/V ratios) constrains the uppermost crust. We conduct Rayleigh wave ellipticity and phase dispersion measurements in Southern California between 6 and 18 second periods, computed from multi-component ambient noise cross-correlations using 315 stations across the region in 2015. Because of the complimentary sensitivity of phase velocity and H/V, this method enables simple and accurate resolution of near-surface geological features from the surface to 20km depth. We compare the observed H/V ratios and phase velocities to predictions generated from the current regional models (SCEC UCVM), finding strong correspondence where the near-surface structure is well-resolved by the models. This includes high H/V ratios in the LA Basin, Santa Barbara Basin and Salton Trough; and low ratios in the San Gabriel, San Jacinto and southern Sierra Nevada mountains. Disagreements in regions such as the Western Transverse Ranges, Salton Trough, San Jacinto and Elsinore fault zones motivate further work to improve the community models. A new updated 3D isotropic model of the area is derived via a joint inversion of Rayleigh phase dispersions and H/V ratios. Additionally, we examine azimuthal dependence of the H/V ratio to ascertain anisotropy patterns for each station. Clear 180º periodicity is observed for many stations suggesting strong shallow anisotropy across the region including up to 20% along the San Andreas fault, 15% along the San Jacinto Fault and 25% in the LA Basin. To better resolve basin structures, we apply similar techniques to three dense linear geophone arrays in the San Gabriel and San Bernardino basins. The three arrays are composed by 50-125 three-component 5Hz geophones deployed for one month each with 15-25km

La Actividad Económica de la Junta de Obras del Puerto de Cartagena: Análisis de su Política de Gestión al Inicio del Siglo XX (1900-1905). PARTE 1

OpenAIRE

Manuela Guzmán Raja; Isidoro Guzmán Raja

2015-01-01

El presente trabajo examina el contenido de las Memorias Económico-Administrativas de la Junta de Obras del Puerto de Cartagena (en adelante JOP) al comienzo del siglo XX, con el fin de analizar en la esfera de la contabilidad pública sus prácticas administrativas y contables para el reflejo de su actividad económica durante el periodo 1900-1905, espacio temporal que estuvo claramente marcado por la publicación de legislación de índole administrativa y contable (Reales Decreto de 1901 y 1903)...

La Actividad Económica de la Junta de Obras del Puerto de Cartagena: Análisis de su Política de Gestión al Inicio del Siglo XX (1900-1905). PARTE 2

OpenAIRE

Manuela Guzmán Raja; Isidoro Guzmán Raja

2015-01-01

El presente trabajo examina el contenido de las Memorias Económico-Administrativas de la Junta de Obras del Puerto de Cartagena (en adelante JOP) al comienzo del siglo XX, con el fin de analizar en la esfera de la contabilidad pública sus prácticas administrativas y contables para el reflejo de su actividad económica durante el periodo 1900-1905, espacio temporal que estuvo claramente marcado por la publicación de legislación de índole administrativa y contable (Reales Decreto de 1901 y 1903)...

Forest fires and air quality issues in southern Europe

Science.gov (United States)

Ana Isabel Miranda; Enrico Marchi; Marco Ferretti; Millán M. Millán

2009-01-01

Each summer forest fires in southern Europe emit large quantities of pollutants to the atmosphere. These fires can generate a number of air pollution episodes as measured by air quality monitoring networks. We analyzed the impact of forest fires on air quality of specific regions of southern Europe. Data from several summer seasons were studied with the aim of...

Marketing in Southern Ghana: towards a planning typology

NARCIS (Netherlands)

D.M. Dunham (David)

1974-01-01

textabstractThere are a number of strong historical and practical grounds for a regional planner operating in Southern Ghana to study marketing structures. The recent history of the area confirms an important axiom of regional theory, namely that the organisation of marketing has a considerable

Is the Southern Benguela a significant regional sink of CO2?

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Gregor, L

2013-05-01

Full Text Available This study was undertaken to characterise the seasonal cycle of air–sea fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO(sub2)) in the southern Benguela upwelling system off the South African west coast. Samples were collected from six monthly cross-shelf cruises...

Stand structure and dead wood characterization in cork forest of Calabria region (southern Italy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Barreca L

2010-07-01

Full Text Available The cork forests are one the most interesting forest ecosystems in the Mediterranean area. Their distribution and ecological characteristics have undergone a significant transformation after the significant changes following the development and establishment of agricultural crops. Currently, only a few stands, which survive in hard to reach places, prove the wide spread distribution of this species was also in the recent past. This study describes the stand structure of some cork forests in Calabria region (southern Italy. In order, to characterize the vertical structure Latham index has been applied, while for the description of the horizontal distribution NBSI group indices has been used. Detailed surveys on dead wood were also conducted determining the occurring volume and its decay stage according to the decay classes system proposed by Hunter. The aim of this study is to provide guidelines for sustainable management of cork forests, improving and promoting the structural complexity and functional efficiency of these forest stands.

Marketing of organic products in southern Poland

OpenAIRE

Kuboń Maciej; Olech Elżbieta

2018-01-01

The article presents an outline of the issue concerning formulation of a marketing strategy and the possibility of using the knowledge on consumers' preferences for organic development of farms and their products on the example of southern Poland. The paper analyses the distribution process of organic food in the aspect of developing innovative marketing strategies. The studies were performed in 50 organic farms and on the example of 100 respondents from the region of southern Poland. In the ...

Eikonal Tomography of the Southern California Plate Boundary Region

Science.gov (United States)

Qiu, H.; Ben-Zion, Y.; Zigone, D.; Lin, F. C.

2016-12-01

We use eikonal tomography to derive directionally-dependent phase velocities of surface waves for the plate boundary region in southern CA sensitive to the approximate depth range 1-20 km. Seismic noise data recorded by 346 stations in the area provide a spatial coverage with 5-25 km typical station spacing and period range of 1-20 s. Noise cross-correlations are calculated for vertical component data recorded in year 2014. Rayleigh wave group and phase travel times between 2 and 13 sec period are derived for each station pair using frequency-time analysis. For each common station, all available phase travel time measurements with sufficient signal to noise ratio and envelope peak amplitude are used to construct a travel time map for a virtual source at the common station location. By solving the eikonal equation, both phase velocity and propagation direction are evaluated at each location for each virtual source. Isotropic phase velocities and 2-psi azimuthal anisotropy and their uncertainties are determined statistically using measurements from different virtual sources. Following the method of Barmin et al. (2001), group velocities are also inverted using all the group travel times that pass quality criteria. The obtained group and phase dispersions of Rayleigh waves are then inverted on a 6 x 6 km2 grid for local 1D piecewise shear wave velocity structures using the procedure of Herrmann (2013). The results agree well with previous observations of Zigone et al. (2015) in the overlapping area. Clear velocity contrasts and low velocity zones are seen for the San Andreas, San Jacinto, Elsinore and Garlock faults. We also find 2-psi azimuthal anisotropy with fast directions parallel to geometrically-simple fault sections. Details and updated results will be presented in the meeting.

Southern pulpwood production, 1962

Science.gov (United States)

Joe F. Christopher; Martha E. Nelson

1963-01-01

Pulpwood production in the south rose to an all-time high of 25,586,300 cords in 1962-58 percent of the Nation's total. At the year's end, 80 southern pulpmills were operating; their combined daily pulping capacity was more than 52,000 tons. Nine mills outside the region were using wood grown in the South.

Regional Phenomena of Vertical Deformation in Southern Part of Indonesia

Science.gov (United States)

Sarsito, D. A.; Susilo; Andreas, H.; Pradipta, D.; Gumilar, I.

2018-02-01

Distribution of present-day horizontal and vertical deformation across the Southern Part of Indonesia at Java, Bali and Nusa Tenggara now days can be determined from continuous and campaign types of GNSS GPS data monitoring. For vertical deformation in this case we use the continuous types since they are give better quality of data consistency compare to campaign type. Continuous Global Positioning System (CGPS) are maintaining by Geospatial Information Agency for more than a decade. The vertical displacements or velocity rates are estimated from time series analysis after multi-baseline GPS processing using GAMIT-GLOBK software with respect to the latest International Terrestrial Reference Frame. The result shows some interesting phenomena where the northern part of research area majority have negative value that may indicate land subsidence with or without tectonic subsidence combination. In the middle part, the uplift phenomena are clearly shown and in the southern part show combine pattern between uplift and subsidence. The impacts of those phenomena would be discuss also in this paper since many population and infrastructure are located in the areas that will need more protection planning to reduce the negative impact such as earthquake and flooding.

For ignoring the moral rights of the photographer Marcus Igno Rudolf Loerbrocks the Dirección Nacional de Derecho de Autor condemned the Colegio Montessori Limitada of Cartagena

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tatiana Andrea Triana Uribe

2017-08-01

Full Text Available The Colombian Copyrights Office (dnda decided against the Colegio Montessori of Cartagena for infringing the moral rights of disclosure of Marcus Igno Rudolf Loerbroks. This case is important because it is one of the few decisions in which authors moral rights have been protected in Colombia. This ruling reveals the jurisprudential line that the dnda has gradually established for the protection of copyrights in our country, and especially for the moral rights enjoyed by the author of the art work as their owner. This is because, unlike the economic rights, moral rights are perpetual, inalienable and unassignable; as exposed in the case of the artist Gabriel Antonio Calle against the shopping mall San Diego and the case exposed in this review.

RELACIÓN UNIVERSIDAD Y SOCIEDAD, PRENSA Y POLÍTICA EN LOS MOVIMIENTOS ESTUDIANTILES DE LOS AÑOS CUARENTA EN LA UNIVERSIDAD DE CARTAGENA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dora Piñeres De La Ossa

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Movimientos estudiantiles, prensa y política ha representado en la historia de las universidades, una constante en Colombia. El acceso a la prensa se constituyó en un privilegio como medio de divulgación que les otorgó representación y liderazgo en la lucha por sus ideales. El movimiento de los años cuarenta en la Universidad de Cartagena, dejó una impronta: si bien este medio permitió su reconocimiento, y las demandas académicas fueron sus razones iniciales, estuvieron mayormente interesados en involucrarse en la lucha política bipartidista de esos años sobre todo, del lado del liberalismo hegemónico del período, organizándose incluso en movimientos o comités a nombre del socialismo y comunismo; posiciones de izquierda que empezaban a permear las instituciones universitarias colombianas y la oposición conservadora, que se hizo cada vez más fuerte.

Impacts of climate change on water resources and hydropower systems in central and southern Africa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hamududu, Byman H.

2012-11-15

Climate change is altering hydrological processes with varying degrees in various regions of the world. This research work investigates the possible impacts of climate change on water resource and Hydropower production potential in central and southern Africa. The Congo, Zambezi and Kwanza, Shire, Kafue and Kabompo basins that lie in central and southern Africa are used as case studies. The review of climate change impact studies shows that there are few studies on impacts of climate change on hydropower production. Most of these studies were carried out in Europe and north America and very few in Asia, south America and Africa. The few studies indicate that southern Africa would experience reduction in precipitation and runoff, consequently reductions in hydropower production. There are no standard methods of assessing the resulting impacts. Two approaches were used to assess the impacts of climate change on water resources and hydropower. One approach is lumping changes on country or regional level and use the mean climate changes on mean annual flows as the basis for regional changes in hydropower production. This is done to get an overall picture of the changes on global and regional level. The second approach is a detailed assessment process in which downscaling, hydrological modelling and hydropower simulations are carried out. The possible future climate scenarios for the region of central and southern Africa depicted that some areas where precipitation are likely to have increases while other, precipitation will reduce. The region northern Zambia and southern Congo showed increases while the northern Congo basin showed reductions. Further south in southern African region, there is a tendency of decreases in precipitation. To the west, in Angola, inland showed increases while towards the coast highlighted some decreases in precipitation. On a global scale, hydropower is likely to experience slight changes (0.08%) due to climate change by 2050. Africa is

Response of runoff and soil loss to reforestation and rainfall type in red soil region of southern China.

Science.gov (United States)

Huang, Zhigang; Ouyang, Zhiyun; Li, Fengrui; Zheng, Hua; Wang, Xiaoke

2010-01-01

To evaluate the long-term effects of reforestation types on soil erosion on degraded land, vegetation and soil properties under conventional sloping farmland (CSF) and three different reforestation types including a Pinus massoniana secondary forest (PSF), an Eucommia ulmoides artificial economic forest (EEF) and a natural succession type forest (NST), were investigated at runoff plot scale over a six-year period in a red soil region of southern China. One hundred and thirty erosive rainfall events generating runoff in plots were grouped into four rainfall types by means of K-mean clustering method. Erosive rainfall type I is the dominant rainfall type. The amount of runoff and the soil loss under erosive rainfall type III were the most, followed by rain-fall type II, IV and I. Compared with CSF treatment, reforestation treatments decreased the average annual runoff depth and the soil loss by 25.5%-61.8% and 93.9%-96.2% during the study period respectively. Meanwhile, runoff depth at PSF and EEF treatments was significantly lower than that in NST treatment, but no significant difference existed in soil erosion modulus among the three reforestation treatments. This is mainly due to the improved vegetation properties (i.e., vegetation coverage, biomass of above- and below-ground and litter-fall mass) and soil properties (i.e., bulk density, total porosity, infiltration rate and organic carbon content) in the three reforestation treatments compared to CSF treatment. The PSF and EEF are recommended as the preferred reforestation types to control runoff and soil erosion in the red soil region of southern China, with the NST potentially being used as an important supplement.

Shallow Carbon Export from an Iron fertilised Plankton Bloom in the Southern Ocean

Science.gov (United States)

Sanders, R.; Pollard, R.; Morris, P.; Statham, P.; Moore, C. M. M.; Lucas, M.

2009-04-01

Some regions of the global ocean, notably the Southern Ocean, have high levels of macronutrients yet low levels of chlorophyll (the high nutrient, low chlorophyll or HNLC condition). Numerous artificial iron fertilization experiments conducted in the Southern Ocean have resulted in enhanced phytoplankton biomass and macronutrient drawdown. However the subsequent long-term biogeochemical consequences of such iron fertilization are unclear due in part to the limited size and duration of such experiments. An alternative way to assess the affect of iron over the Southern Ocean biological carbon pump is to observe the evolution of plankton production in regions of the Southern Ocean where shallow topography and Ocean currents interact to promote to release terrestrial iron into HNLC waters. During 2004-5 RRS Discovery conduced a complex programme of observations in such a region around the Crozet Islands in the SW Indian Ocean. The results of this programme, focussing on a quantitative estimate of carbon export per unit iron addition, will be presented.

Analysis of energy poverty intensity from the perspective of the regional administration: Empirical evidence from households in southern Europe

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Scarpellini, Sabina; Rivera-Torres, Pilar; Suárez-Perales, Inés; Aranda-Usón, Alfonso

2015-01-01

The current economic situation has increased the number of households in Europe experiencing restrictions and/or limitations of affordability of energy services, demonstrating the urgent need to intervene in those extreme cases in which households suffer the daily consequences of what is internationally defined as energy poverty. In such a context, this paper presents the results obtained in a case study characterising a sample of 615 households with demonstrated energy poverty in the region of Aragón (Spain). In parallel, the intensity of energy poverty in the studied cases is examined by measuring the percentage of energy expenditures with respect to income in the households that suffer it, and a descriptive analysis of the main determinants of energy poverty in the homes studied is presented as well as the policy implication at regional level. - Highlights: • New approach to energy poverty through the collaboration with social services. • Regular data collection systems on energy poverty are needed at the regional level. • Household's conditions in accredited energy poverty have been measured. • A comprehensive analysis of the energy poverty at Regional level in the Southern Europe.

CHANGING PATTERNS OF ORANGE JUICE CONSUMPTION IN THE SOUTHERN UNITED STATES

OpenAIRE

Love, Leigh Ann; Sterns, James A.; Spreen, Thomas H.; Wysocki, Allen F.

2006-01-01

From 2000 through 2004, per capita orange juice purchases decreased by 12.3 percent while the popularity and media coverage of low-carbohydrate dieting exploded. Content analysis was used to count selected Southern region newspaper articles topically related to low-carbohydrate dieting, the Atkins diet, and the South Beach diet. This data was included in a Southern region orange juice demand model, where purchase data served as the independent variable and proxy for consumer demand of orange ...

Impacts of climate change on water resources and hydropower systems in central and southern Africa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hamududu, Byman H

2012-11-15

Climate change is altering hydrological processes with varying degrees in various regions of the world. This research work investigates the possible impacts of climate change on water resource and Hydropower production potential in central and southern Africa. The Congo, Zambezi and Kwanza, Shire, Kafue and Kabompo basins that lie in central and southern Africa are used as case studies. The review of climate change impact studies shows that there are few studies on impacts of climate change on hydropower production. Most of these studies were carried out in Europe and north America and very few in Asia, south America and Africa. The few studies indicate that southern Africa would experience reduction in precipitation and runoff, consequently reductions in hydropower production. There are no standard methods of assessing the resulting impacts. Two approaches were used to assess the impacts of climate change on water resources and hydropower. One approach is lumping changes on country or regional level and use the mean climate changes on mean annual flows as the basis for regional changes in hydropower production. This is done to get an overall picture of the changes on global and regional level. The second approach is a detailed assessment process in which downscaling, hydrological modelling and hydropower simulations are carried out. The possible future climate scenarios for the region of central and southern Africa depicted that some areas where precipitation are likely to have increases while other, precipitation will reduce. The region northern Zambia and southern Congo showed increases while the northern Congo basin showed reductions. Further south in southern African region, there is a tendency of decreases in precipitation. To the west, in Angola, inland showed increases while towards the coast highlighted some decreases in precipitation. On a global scale, hydropower is likely to experience slight changes (0.08%) due to climate change by 2050. Africa is

Density structure of the cratonic mantle in southern Africa

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Artemieva, Irina; Vinnik, Lev P.

2016-01-01

contributions of the both factors to surface topography in the cratons of southern Africa. Our analysis takes advantage of the SASE seismic experiment which provided high resolution regional models of the crustal thickness.We calculate the model of density structure of the lithospheric mantle in southern Africa...... that mantle residual (dynamic) topography may be associated with the low-density region below the depth of isostatic compensation. A possible candidate is the low velocity layer between the lithospheric base and the mantle transition zone, where a temperature anomaly of 100-200. °C in a ca. 100-150. km thick...... layer may explain the observed reduction in Vs velocity and may produce ca. 0.5-1.0. km to the regional topographic uplift....

From Gibraltar through Levant and from Maghreb through the Southern Latin European Countries or about culture and management in the Mediterranean Sea Region

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Amedeo ISTOCESCU

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Bordering the southern coast of Europe, the eastern part of the Middle East and northern Africa, representing the most appropriate environment for the development of cultural, social and economic of the maritime regions, influencing decisively the culture and the entire life of the inhabitants in a lot of bordering countries, ensuring the achievement of a natural maritime transportation way between eastern Levantine character and western pragmatism of our ancient continent, or between Maghreb, and the Latin world, especially in southern Europe, the Mediterranean Sea has an another treasure, yet poorly known and only partially recovered, with a history of over six thousands of years, with people proud of their history, culture, customs and traditions with unique cities, impressive by the mixture of cultures and races, its islands

Geochemical and isotopic characterization of groundwater resources in El Hicha region, Gabes, southern Tunisia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ben Hamouda, M.F.; Ben Kraiem, H.; Mahjoub, A.; Labidi, B.; Ghoudi, R.; Hamrouni, H.; Nasr, H.; Zouari, K.; Froehlich, K.; Sajjad, M.I.; Garcia-Agudo, E.

2002-01-01

The groundwater study area is located in the southern part of Tunisia at some kilometers from the Mediterranean Sea, about 35 km north of the town Gabes. It extends over 300 km 2 and is bounded by the Gulf of Gabes in the East, El Hamma in the West and Skhira in the North. This region is characterized by a semi-arid climate with an average annual rainfall of about 180 mm and a potential evaporation of 2130 mm per year. The groundwater resources of the region are represented by four hydrogeological units: the Continental Intercalaire, the Sfax Aquifer, the Jeffara Aquifer and the shallow aquifer of El Hicha. The dug wells and boreholes used for groundwater abstraction in this region reach depths between a few meters and about 170m. The upper zone of 50m depths is formed by sandy clay and gypsum, and the lower zone of 50 to 70m depths consists of sandy layers. The salinity measured in groundwater samples from this area is rather high; the values range between 5 and 7g/l. Since the water will be used to grow salt-tolerant plants, it is important to know the origin of the groundwater (to assess its availability) and the source(s) of its salinity. To this end, groundwater samples for isotope and chemical analysis were taken from 6 dug wells, 6 boreholes (one of them is an artesian well), a spring and a drainage canal. Each site was sampled in March, June, July, September and December 1999. During these sampling campaigns, in-situ measurements of temperature and electrolytic conductivity were carried out

Diversity and distribution patterns in high southern latitude sponges.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rachel V Downey

Full Text Available Sponges play a key role in Antarctic marine benthic community structure and dynamics and are often a dominant component of many Southern Ocean benthic communities. Understanding the drivers of sponge distribution in Antarctica enables us to understand many of general benthic biodiversity patterns in the region. The sponges of the Antarctic and neighbouring oceanographic regions were assessed for species richness and biogeographic patterns using over 8,800 distribution records. Species-rich regions include the Antarctic Peninsula, South Shetland Islands, South Georgia, Eastern Weddell Sea, Kerguelen Plateau, Falkland Islands and north New Zealand. Sampling intensity varied greatly within the study area, with sampling hotspots found at the Antarctic Peninsula, South Georgia, north New Zealand and Tierra del Fuego, with limited sampling in the Bellingshausen and Amundsen seas in the Southern Ocean. In contrast to previous studies we found that eurybathy and circumpolar distributions are important but not dominant characteristics in Antarctic sponges. Overall Antarctic sponge species endemism is ∼43%, with a higher level for the class Hexactinellida (68%. Endemism levels are lower than previous estimates, but still indicate the importance of the Polar Front in isolating the Southern Ocean fauna. Nineteen distinct sponge distribution patterns were found, ranging from regional endemics to cosmopolitan species. A single, distinct Antarctic demosponge fauna is found to encompass all areas within the Polar Front, and the sub-Antarctic regions of the Kerguelen Plateau and Macquarie Island. Biogeographical analyses indicate stronger faunal links between Antarctica and South America, with little evidence of links between Antarctica and South Africa, Southern Australia or New Zealand. We conclude that the biogeographic and species distribution patterns observed are largely driven by the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and the timing of past continent

Integrated Vulnerability and Impacts Assessment for Natural and Engineered Water-Energy Systems in the Southwest and Southern Rocky Mountain Region

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tidwell, Vincent C. [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Wolfsberg, Andrew [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States); Macknick, Jordan [National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Middleton, Richard [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

2015-01-01

In the Southwest and Southern Rocky Mountains (SWSRM), energy production, energy resource extraction, and other high volume uses depend on water supply from systems that are highly vulnerable to extreme, coupled hydro-ecosystem-climate events including prolonged drought, flooding, degrading snow cover, forest die off, and wildfire. These vulnerabilities, which increase under climate change, present a challenge for energy and resource planners in the region with the highest population growth rate in the nation. Currently, analytical tools are designed to address individual aspects of these regional energy and water vulnerabilities. Further, these tools are not linked, severely limiting the effectiveness of each individual tool. Linking established tools, which have varying degrees of spatial and temporal resolution as well as modeling objectives, and developing next-generation capabilities where needed would provide a unique and replicable platform for regional analyses of climate-water-ecosystem-energy interactions, while leveraging prior investments and current expertise (both within DOE and across other Federal agencies).

Inputs of heavy metals due to agrochemical use in tobacco fields in Brazil's Southern Region.

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Zoffoli, Hugo José Oliveira; do Amaral-Sobrinho, Nelson Moura Brasil; Zonta, Everaldo; Luisi, Marcus Vinícius; Marcon, Gracioso; Tolón-Becerra, Alfredo

2013-03-01

Only a few studies have assessed the joint incorporation of heavy metals into agricultural systems based on the range of agrochemicals used on a specific agricultural crop. This study was conducted to assess the heavy metals input through application of the main agrochemicals used in Brazilian tobacco fields. A total of 56 samples of different batches of 5 fertilizers, 3 substrates, 8 insecticides, 3 fungicides, 2 herbicides, and 1 growth regulator commonly used in the cultivation of tobacco in Brazil's Southern Region were collected from 3 warehouses located in the States of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, and Paraná. The total As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn content of the samples was then determined and compared with the regulations of different countries and information found in the available literature. The fertilizers were identified as the primary source of heavy metals among the agrochemicals used. Application of pesticides directly to the shoots of tobacco plants contributed very little to the supply of heavy metals. The agrochemicals used in Brazilian tobacco fields provide lower inputs of the main heavy metals that are nonessential for plants than those registered in the international literature for the majority of crop fields in different regions of the world.

Conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sobre maltrato infantil en odontólogos de Cartagena (Colombia

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Katherine Arrieta Vergara

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivos:Describir conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas (CAP sobre maltrato infantil (MIen odontólogos de Cartagena (Colombia.Materiales y métodos:Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en 149 odontólogos, querespondieron un cuestionario estructurado anónimo de autorreporte para evaluar variablessociodemográficas, reporte de sospecha deMIyCAPfrente a este. Los datos fueron analizadosa través de frecuencia y proporciones. Para establecer relaciones entre la sospecha deMIconalgunas variables de interés (sociodemográficas,CAP se utilizó la pruebaχ2con un nivel deconfianza del 95 %.Resultados:La ocurrencia actual de casos de sospecha deMIfue 5,3 % y alguna vez durante supráctica profesional del 34,4 %. Para el nivel deCAPsobreMIse obtuvieron puntajes promediode 16,8/26 8,7/12 y 2,4/8, respectivamente. Al relacionar el nivel de conocimientos y variablessociodemográficas, las actitudes y prácticas, solo se encontró significancia estadística para elestrato socioeconómico (p=0,001, y entre las actitudes, con el lugar de procedencia (p=0,04y edad (p=0,002.Conclusiones:El nivel de conocimiento sobreMIfue deficiente, mientras las actitudes fueronfavorables; sin embargo, al momento de presentarse un caso de sospecha, sus prácticas son inade-cuadas, al no realizar descripción de lesiones, anotaciones en la historia clínica y reporte de casos.

Forecasting sea fog on the coast of southern China

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Huang, H.; Huang, B.; Liu, C.; Tu, J.; Wen, G.; Mao, W.

2016-12-01

Forecast sea fog is still full of challenges. We have performed the numerical forecasting of sea fog on the coast of southern China by using the operational meso-scale regional model GRAPES (Global/Regional assimilation and prediction system). The GRAPES model horizontal resolution was 3km and with 66 vertical levels. A total of 72 hours forecasting of sea fog was conducted with hourly outputs over the sea fog event. The results show that the model system can predict reasonable characteristics of typical sea fog events on the coast of southern China. The scope of sea fog coincides with the observations of meteorological stations, the observations of the Marine Meteorological Science Experiment Base (MMSEB) at Bohe, Maoming and satellite products of sea fog. The goal of this study is to establish an operational numerical forecasting model system of sea fog on the coast of southern China.

The Southern Tyrrhenian subduction system: recent evolution and neotectonic implications

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A. Argnani

2000-06-01

Full Text Available Geological and geophysical data have been integrated with the aim of presenting a new evolutionary model for the Southern Tyrrhenian and adjacent regions. The Southern Tyrrhenian backarc basin opened within a plate convergence regime because of sinking and rollback of the oceanic Ionian lithosphere. On the basis of seismological observations, I infer that the sinking slab was torn apart on either side in the last 2 Ma and this process controlled the neotectonics of the Southern Apennines - Tyrrhenian region. On the north-eastern side the slab broke off from NW to SE and this process triggered volcanism and NW-SE extension along the Eastern Tyrrhenian margin, and strike-slip tectonics along NW-SE trending faults in Northern Calabria. On the south-western side the slab broke off from W to E along the Aeolian Island alignment, although the tear has currently been reoriented along the NNW-SSE Malta escarpment. During its sinking the subducted slab also detached from the overriding plate, favouring the wedging of the asthenosphere between the two plates and the regional uplift of the Calabrian arc and surroundings. This regional uplift promoted gravitational instability within the orogenic wedge, particularly towards low topography areas; the large-scale sliding of the Calabrian arc towards the Ionian basin can be the cause of CW rotation and graben formation in Calabria. Also the E-dipping extensional faults of the Southern Apennines can be related to accommodation of vertical motions within the fold-and-thrust belt. The pattern of recent seismicity reflects this neotectonics where crustal-scale gravity deformation within the orogenic wedge is responsible for extensional earthquakes in Calabria and the Southern Apennines, whereas Africa plate convergence can account for compressional earthquakes in Sicily.

Neonicotinoid pesticides in drinking water in agricultural regions of southern Ontario, Canada.

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Sultana, Tamanna; Murray, Craig; Kleywegt, Sonya; Metcalfe, Chris D

2018-07-01

Because of the persistence and solubility of neonicotinoid insecticides (NNIs), there is concern that these compounds may contaminate sources of drinking water. The objective of this project was to evaluate the distribution of NNIs in raw and treated drinking water from selected municipalities that draw their water from the lower Great Lakes in areas of southern Ontario, Canada where there is high intensity agriculture. Sites were monitored using Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Samplers (POCIS) and by collecting grab samples at six drinking water treatment plants. Thiamethoxam, clothianidin and imidacloprid were detected in both POCIS and grab samples of raw water. The frequency of detection of NNIs was much lower in treated drinking water, but some compounds were still detected at estimated concentrations in the low ng L -1 range. Thiamethoxam was detected in one grab sample of raw drinking water at a mean concentration of 0.28 μg L -1 , which is above the guidelines for drinking water recommended in some jurisdictions, including the European Union directive on pesticide levels water intended for human consumption. Further work is required to determine whether contamination of sources of drinking water with this class of insecticides is a global problem in agricultural regions. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

[Incidence and mortality of children and teenagers with AIDS: challenges in the southern region of Brazil].

Science.gov (United States)

Melo, Márcio Cristiano de; Ferraz, Rosemeire de Olanda; Nascimento, Juliana Luporini do; Donalisio, Maria Rita

2016-12-01

The objective of this study is to describe the time trend of coefficients of incidence and mortality associated with AIDS in children and adolescents. An ecological time trend study was conducted among individuals under 14 living in the regional context of high incidence of AIDS - Porto Alegre and the State of Rio Grande do Sul - from 1996 to 2012. For this purpose, a segmented regression model was adjusted for age categories and place of residence. AIDS morbidity and mortality indicators in Porto Alegre are still higher than those registered in the State, the southern region and other areas of the country. In Porto Alegre, 59.1% of cases (371/628) occurred in children under four years of age, the incidence showed peaks in the period and the mortality dropped from 9 to 2 per 100,000. A significant decreasing in annual percentage change in mortality was observed especially in children under 1 year of age in Porto Alegre. This drop may be related to prevention and treatment of pregnant women. The challenge is to identify possible fragilities of the STD/AIDS Program and its vulnerable points in order to make specific interventions and investments with a greater impact potential.

Relación entre la planificación urbana y fenómeno de variabilidad climática en la costa caribe colombiana: estudio de caso: fenómeno de la niña en Cartagena 2001-2011

OpenAIRE

Covelli Garrido, Cristina Isabel

2015-01-01

El presente trabajo de grado tiene como fin evidenciar las relaciones entre los instrumentos de planificación y los impactos de fenómenos de variabilidad climática en territorios vulnerables. Se analizan los factores de vulnerabilidad, amenaza y riesgo en la Ciénaga de la Virgen en Cartagena así como algunas de las decisiones de planificación tomadas durante el periodo estudiado (2001-2011) para finalmente identificar aquellos retos que deben ser tenidos en cuenta por futuros ejercicios de pl...

Distance associated with marriage migration in a northern and a southern region of Bangladesh: an empirical study.

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Rahman, Md Mizanur; Akter, Shamima; Rahman, Ataur

2010-09-01

This paper investigates the distribution of distance associated with marriage migration in the northern region of Rajshahi and the southern region of Khulna in Bangladesh. The study was conducted in 2007 on 2250 respondents who had migrated due to marriage. Of the wide variety of curves that fitted the distance-marriage/contact data, three are discussed: Pareto, exponential, and Pareto-exponential. Logistic regression models were used to identify the covariates of marriage distance migration. In general, the three functions work better for marriages, whereas Pareto-exponential functions are a superior fit for migrations and marriage distance. The models disclose that the distribution of distance is significantly associated with marriage migration (pPareto-exponential model was 100% stable and its shrinkage was 0.000000125. The main covariates associated with short-distance marriage migration were respondent's education, father's education and religion, whereas age at the time of marriage did not play a significant role in marriage migration. The risk of short-distance migration was greater in higher- than lower-educated Muslim families.

Representing people, constituting worlds: multiple 'Neolithics' in the Southern Balkans

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Stratos Nanoglou

2009-12-01

Full Text Available This paper considers the diverse iconographic landscapes of the southern Balkans, especiallythose populated by human figurines. The main premise is that material culture is a resource upon which agents draw to situate themselves in the world. In this way, regional traits are deemed particularly important for the constitution of specific subjectivities, in contrast to a generic ‘Neolithic individual’, and at the same time, for the constitution of specific local worlds as opposed to an all-encompassing world that is merely experienced differently. I attempt to provide an example of such regional traits that would have constituted different contexts for agency during the Neolithic and focus on the differences between two regions within the southern Balkans, regions that do not remain the same in the course of time.

An assessment of landscape changes in Mediterranean region. A case study of Algarve, southern Portugal.

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Fernandez, Helena; Martins, Fernando; Valín, Maria Isabel; Moreno, Ângela; Pedras, Celestina

2014-05-01

Currently, the application of remote sensing techniques is a key factor for the planning and land management to ensure a sustainable development of the regions. Algarve, the most southern region of Portugal is characterized by its Mediterranean climate. This climate is described by irregular precipitation throughout the year with drought during summer months. The regional climate has a profound influence on its particular vegetation and wildlife turning it in a unique habitat for many species. Since the 1970s, increases in tourism have greatly affected the coastal region. This has led to great landscape pressure and urban growth, resulting in population increases due to local economic prosperity. Across Algarve, in recent decades, lawns areas have grown dramatically. Landscape water use has increased mainly because homeowners seldom pay the 'true' cost of water. Continued expansion of water supply is not, therefore, a viable management option in the future, particularly given the anticipated increase in the frequency and severity of droughts in Portugal. There's a need to change the perception of landscape relative to water consumption. Algarve needs a sustainable, 'demand-led' approach to water resource management, focusing on conserving water and using it more efficiently. The water resources available in the Algarve are limited, and decisions regarding sustainability must consider the environment. The aim of this study is to apply the remote sensing techniques to analyse the landscape changes in three municipalities of Algarve (Portugal): Albufeira, Loulé and Faro. The three Landsat images, from April 9th 1973 (Landsat1), March 23th 1989 (Landsat5) and April 26th 2013 (Landsat8) were used. The images were classified based on the radiometric information and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). These range of dates of the Landsat images used allowed for the differentiation between classes of the landscape. Land use and water resources are closely

One new species of Amphinemura and description of the female of A. ancistroidea Li & Yang (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of southern China.

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Mo, Raorao; Yang, Ding; Wang, Guoquan; Li, Weihai

2017-06-11

A new nemourid species, Amphinemura yao sp. nov. is described from the Daoyao Mountains of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of southern China. Amphinemura ancistroidea Li & Yang, 2007 is newly recorded from Guangxi and the female is described for the first time including the internal vaginal complex. The new species is compared with related taxa.

Mercury bioaccumulation in Southern Appalachian birds, assessed through feather concentrations

Science.gov (United States)

Rebecca Hylton Keller; Lingtian Xie; David B. Buchwalter; Kathleen E. Franzreb; Theodore R Simons

2014-01-01

Mercury contamination in wildlife has rarely been studied in the Southern Appalachians despite high deposition rates in the region. From 2006 to 2008 we sampled feathers from 458 birds representing 32 species in the Southern Appalachians for total mercury and stable isotope ä 15N. Mercury concentrations (mean ± SE) averaged 0.46...

The Signature of Southern Hemisphere Atmospheric Circulation Patterns in Antarctic Precipitation.

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Marshall, Gareth J; Thompson, David W J; van den Broeke, Michiel R

2017-11-28

We provide the first comprehensive analysis of the relationships between large-scale patterns of Southern Hemisphere climate variability and the detailed structure of Antarctic precipitation. We examine linkages between the high spatial resolution precipitation from a regional atmospheric model and four patterns of large-scale Southern Hemisphere climate variability: the southern baroclinic annular mode, the southern annular mode, and the two Pacific-South American teleconnection patterns. Variations in all four patterns influence the spatial configuration of precipitation over Antarctica, consistent with their signatures in high-latitude meridional moisture fluxes. They impact not only the mean but also the incidence of extreme precipitation events. Current coupled-climate models are able to reproduce all four patterns of atmospheric variability but struggle to correctly replicate their regional impacts on Antarctic climate. Thus, linking these patterns directly to Antarctic precipitation variability may allow a better estimate of future changes in precipitation than using model output alone.

Simulating Coral Reef Connectivity in the Southern Red Sea

KAUST Repository

Wang, Yixin

2018-05-01

Connectivity is an important component of coral reef studies for its role in the enhancement of ecosystem resilience. Previous genetic structure and physical circulation studies in the Red Sea reveal a homogeneity within the coral reef complexes in the central and northern parts of the basin. Yet, genetic isolation and relatively low connectivity has been observed in the southern Red Sea. Raitsos et al. (2017) recently hypothesized that coral reefs in the southern Red Sea are more connected with regions outside the basin, rather than with the central and northern Red Sea. Using a physical circulation approach based on a 3-D backward particle tracking simulation, we further investigate this hypothesis. A long-term (> 10 years), very high resolution (1km) MITgcm simulation is used to provide detailed information on velocity in the complex coastal regions of the Red Sea and the adjacent narrow Bab-El-Mandeb Strait. The particle tracking simulation results support the initial hypothesis that the coastal regions in the southern Red Sea exhibit a consistently higher connectivity with the regions outside the Bab-El-Mandeb Strait, than with the central and northern Red Sea. Substantially high levels of connectivity, facilitated by the circulation and eddies, is observed with the coastal regions in the Gulf of Aden. A strong seasonality in connectivity, related to the monsoon-driven circulation, is also evident with the regions outside of the Red Sea. The winter surface intrusion plays a leading role in transporting the particles from the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean into the Red Sea, while the summer subsurface intrusion also supports the transport of particles into the Red Sea in the intermediate layer. In addition, the connectivity with the central and northern Red Sea is more affected by the intensity of the eddies. Evidence also suggests that potential connectivity exists between the coastal southern Red Sea and the coasts of Oman, Socotra, Somalia, Kenya

Regional trade and the nutrition transition: opportunities to strengthen NCD prevention policy in the Southern African Development Community.

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Thow, Anne Marie; Sanders, David; Drury, Eliza; Puoane, Thandi; Chowdhury, Syeda N; Tsolekile, Lungiswa; Negin, Joel

2015-01-01

Addressing diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs) will require a multisectoral policy approach that includes the food supply and trade, but implementing effective policies has proved challenging. The Southern African Development Community (SADC) has experienced significant trade and economic liberalization over the past decade; at the same time, the nutrition transition has progressed rapidly in the region. This analysis considers the relationship between regional trade liberalization and changes in the food environment associated with poor diets and NCDs, with the aim of identifying feasible and proactive policy responses to support healthy diets. Changes in trade and investment policy for the SADC were documented and compared with time-series graphs of import data for soft drinks and snack foods to assess changes in imports and source country in relation to trade and investment liberalization. Our analysis focuses on regional trade flows. Diets and the burden of disease in the SADC have changed since the 1990s in parallel with trade and investment liberalization. Imports of soft drinks increased by 76% into SADC countries between 1995 and 2010, and processed snack foods by 83%. South Africa acts as a regional trade and investment hub; it is the major source of imports and investment related to these products into other SADC countries. At the same time, imports of processed foods and soft drinks from outside the region - largely from Asia and the Middle East - are increasing at a dramatic rate with soft drink imports growing by almost 1,200% and processed snack foods by 750%. There is significant intra-regional trade in products associated with the nutrition transition; however, growing extra-regional trade means that countries face new pressures in implementing strong policies to prevent the increasing burden of diet-related NCDs. Implementation of a regional nutrition policy framework could complement the SADC's ongoing commitment to regional trade policy.

Southern State Radiological Transportation Emergency Response Training Course Summary

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1990-09-01

The Southern States Energy Board (SSEB) is an interstate compact organization that serves 16 states and the commonwealth of Puerto Rico with information and analysis in energy and environmental matters. Nuclear waste management is a topic that has garnered considerable attention in the SSEB region in the last several years. Since 1985, SSEB has received support from the US Department of Energy for the regional analysis of high-level radioactive waste transportation issues. In the performance of its work in this area, SSEB formed the Advisory Committee on High-Level Radioactive Materials Transportation, which comprises representatives from impacted states and tribes. SSEB meets with the committee semi-annually to provide issue updates to members and to solicit their views on activities impacting their respective states. Among the waste transportation issues considered by SSEB and the committee are shipment routing, the impacts of monitored retrievable storage, state liability in the event of an accident and emergency preparedness and response. This document addresses the latter by describing the radiological emergency response training courses and programs of the southern states, as well as federal courses available outside the southern region

Water resources management in southern Europe: clues for a research and innovation based regional hypercluster.

Science.gov (United States)

Martins, G; Brito, A G; Nogueira, R; Ureña, M; Fernández, D; Luque, F J; Alcácer, C

2013-04-15

European countries are facing increasing pressures on their water resources despite stringent regulations and systematic efforts on environmental protection. In this context, research and innovation play a strategic role reinforcing the efficiency of water policies. The present study provides a multilevel assessment of research and innovation practices in the field of water resource management in southern European countries and regions (more specifically; Cyprus, Albania, Poitou-Charentes in France, Andalusia in Spain and the North of Portugal). The analysis was based on a strategic framework aimed at gaining an insight of the current constraints, as well as of the existing and future technological solutions for a better water resource management. The triple helix model proved to be a useful analytical framework for assessing the efforts of different groups towards a common goal. The analysis proved the existence of a significant evolution in the use of technological tools to assist decision-making processes in integrated river basin management in all regions. Nevertheless, the absence of formal channels for knowledge and data exchange between researchers and water resource managers complicates the formers involvement in the decision-making process regarding water allocation. Both researchers and consultants emphasize the low availability of data, together with the need to advance on water resource economics as relevant constraints in the field. The SWOT analysis showed similar concerns among the participating regions and provided a battery of effective projects that resulted in the preparation of a Joint Action Plan. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

PONER EL GRITO EN EL CIELO: DIVERSIDAD SEXUAL E IDENTIDADES DE GÉNERO EN FAMILIAS CON PRÁCTICAS PATRIARCALES EN CARTAGENA DE INDIAS, 2010-2012

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Alexander Pérez Álvarez

2013-08-01

Full Text Available La intersección familia – sociedad patriarcal- diversidad sexual e identidades de género sitúa a muchas familias cartageneras con prácticas patriarcales y concepción heterosexista y binaria del género en una dinámica y tensión desde donde se vulneran derechos y reproducen naturalizadamente acciones de discriminación y exclusión hacia aquellas personas que rompen o transgreden los roles de género asignados socialmente. Reflexiones de orden teórico y voces de hombres y mujeres en Cartagena que a diario afrontan en sus espacios familiares la reproducción de un orden hegemónico se convierten en un dispositivo que posibilita describir, sentimientos, actitudes y prácticas, en un contexto donde la diversidad aun es considerada amenaza o ruptura al ideal de familia establecido.

Analysis of the projected regional sea-ice changes in the Southern Ocean during the twenty-first century

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lefebvre, W.; Goosse, H. [Universite Catholique de Louvain, Institut d' Astronomie et de Geophysique Georges Lemaitre, Louvain-la-Neuve (Belgium)

2008-01-15

Using the set of simulations performed with atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs) for the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC AR4), the projected regional distribution of sea ice for the twenty-first century has been investigated. Averaged over all those model simulations, the current climate is reasonably well reproduced. However, this averaging procedure hides the errors from individual models. Over the twentieth century, the multimodel average simulates a larger sea-ice concentration decrease around the Antarctic Peninsula compared to other regions, which is in qualitative agreement with observations. This is likely related to the positive trend in the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) index over the twentieth century, in both observations and in the multimodel average. Despite the simulated positive future trend in SAM, such a regional feature around the Antarctic Peninsula is absent in the projected sea-ice change for the end of the twenty-first century. The maximum decrease is indeed located over the central Weddell Sea and the Amundsen-Bellingshausen Seas. In most models, changes in the oceanic currents could play a role in the regional distribution of the sea ice, especially in the Ross Sea, where stronger southward currents could be responsible for a smaller sea-ice decrease during the twenty-first century. Finally, changes in the mixed layer depth can be found in some models, inducing locally strong changes in the sea-ice concentration. (orig.)

ESE BARRIO VALE PLATA ... ¡¡ PERO NO ESTÁ A LA VENTA!! IMAGINARIOS URBANOS EN EL BARRIO GETSEMANÍ EN CARTAGENA DE INDIAS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alexánder Pérez Álvarez

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Esta reflexión es resultado de un acercamiento semiológico a discursos y prácticas de moradores, habitantes y visitantes del barrio Getsemaní en Cartagena de Indias. Un contexto asediado históricamente por contundentes prácticas de exclusión y más recientemente por acelerados procesos de urbanización y corporativización del territorio que vienen alterando la vida cotidiana de sus pobladores. Se busca « captar» realidades a través de voces, imágenes y relatos de los sujetos que habitan o circulan el barrio y desde allí develar imaginarios urbanos; de igual manera, se quiere rescatar una dimensión « erótica» del Barrio, que no es otra cosa que dejarse seducir por las múltiples significaciones que como lectores aprehendemos de esa trama metafórica de los discursos urbanos; donde las potencias lúdicas y simbólicas sobrepasan los intereses del mercado y la funcionalidad estructural de los espacios.

El Caribe colombiano versus centro del país: rivalidades económicas en la construcción de una economía nacional 1830-1848

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Raúl Román Romero

2011-01-01

Full Text Available ResumenEste artículo analiza las tensiones entre el Caribe neogranadino y el centro del país en el proceso de construcción de un mercado nacional y los esfuerzos realizados en la primera mitad del siglo XIX por parte de las elites económicas de Cartagena para superar la crisis que enfrenta el puerto de esta ciudad. En esa dirección seexaminan las iniciativas de los comerciantes para influir en las políticas económicas del gobierno y la oposición que estas encuentran por los comerciantes de Bogotá. El objetivo de los comerciantes cartageneros fue dinamizar el flujo comercial del puerto y convertirlo en el centro articulador de un mercado regional y nacional; entre esas iniciativas están eliminar los impedimentos fiscales sobre la producción agraria para estimular la producción de algunos frutos, eliminar el monopolio de la producción de tabaco y, posteriormente,crear la condición de puerto franco para Cartagena.AbstractThis article examines the tensions between the Caribbean New Granada and center of the country in the process of building a domestic market and the efforts made in the first half of the nineteenth century by the Cartagena economic elites to overcome the crisis facing by the port of this city, in thisdirection are discussed initiatives for merchants to influence the government’s economic policies and opposition to those founded by traders in Bogota. The objective of the Cartagena traders was to boost trade flows of the port and make it the coordinator center of a regional and national market, amongthese initiatives are to eliminate tax impediments on agricultural production to stimulate the production of some fruits, eliminating the monopoly of the production of snuff and then to create a free port status to Cartagena.

Winter precipitation and cyclones in the Mediterranean region: future climate scenarios in a regional simulation

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P. Lionello

2007-11-01

Full Text Available Future climate projections show higher/lower winter (Dec-Jan-Feb precipitation in the northern/southern Mediterranean region than in present climate conditions. This paper analyzes the results of regional model simulations of the A2 and B2 scenarios, which confirm this opposite precipitation change and link it to the change of cyclone activity. The increase of the winter cyclone activity in future climate scenarios over western Europe is responsible for the larger precipitation at the northern coast of the basin, though the bulk of the change is located outside the Mediterranean region. The reduction of cyclone activity inside the Mediterranean region in future scenarios is responsible for the lower precipitation at the southern and eastern Mediterranean coast.

Identificación de los efectos tóxicos producidos por los fármacos antineoplásicos utilizados en el Centro Radioncológico del Caribe en la Ciudad de Cartagena, durante el año 2010

OpenAIRE

Escobar Torres, Carlos Alberto

2011-01-01

El presente trabajo estuvo encaminado a identificar los efectos tóxicos de los fármacos antineoplásicos utilizados en el Centro Radiooncológico del Caribe en la ciudad de Cartagena de Indias, en pacientes con cancer durante el año 2010. Para ello, se utilizaron las historias clínicas de los pacientes atendidos en este centro asistencial en el período de tiempo antes mencionado. Se encontró que todos los paciente, 165 en total, presentaron al menos un efecto tóxico. Estos efe...

Taking the (southern) waters: science, slavery, and nationalism at the Virginia springs.

Science.gov (United States)

LaFauci, Lauren E

2011-04-01

'Taking the (southern) waters' argues that, in the pre-Civil War period, the space of Virginia's mineral water resorts and the philosophy of southern hydropathic medicine enabled--indeed, fostered--white southerners' constructions of a 'nationalist,' pro-slavery ideology. In the first half of the paper, the author explains how white southern health-seekers came to view the springs region as a medicinal resource peculiarly designed for the healing of southern diseases and for the restoration of white southern constitutions; in the second half, she shows how physical and social aspects of the resorts, such as architectural choices and political events, supported and encouraged pro-slavery ideologies. Taken together, these medical-social analyses reveal how elite white southerners in the antebellum period came to associate the health of their peculiarly 'southern' bodies with the future health of an independent southern nation, one that elided black bodily presence at the same time that its social structures and scientific apparatuses relied upon enslaved black labor.

A see-saw of pre-Columbian boom regions in southern Peru, determined by large-scale circulation changes

Science.gov (United States)

Mächtle, B.; Schittek, K.; Forbriger, M.; Schäbitz, F.; Eitel, B.

2012-04-01

Environmental changes and cultural transitions during several periods of Peruvian history show a strong coincidence between humid and dry climatic oscillations and the rise and decline of cultures. It is noteworthy, that alternating periods of geo-ecological fragility and stability occurred in time and space between the coastal Nasca region (14.5° S) and the high Andean northern Titicaca basin, just a few hundred kilometers to the east. Based on a multi-proxy palynological and sedimentological approach to reconstruct palaeoenvironmental changes, we found that the Nasca region received a maximum of precipitation during the archaeological boom times of the Early Horizon and the Early Intermediate Period (800 BC - 650 AD, Paracas and Nasca cultures) as well as during the late intermediate period (1150-1450 AD), whereas, in contrast, the Titicaca region further to the south-east experienced drought and cultural depression during that times. During the Middle Horizon (650 - 1150 AD), the Tiwanaku agronomy and culture boomed in the Titicaca region and expanded to the west, contemporaneous with a raised lake level and more humid conditions. In the Nasca region, runoff for irrigation purposes was reduced and less reliable due to drought. Considering a coincidence between environmental and cultural changes, we state that success and decline of civilizations were controlled by hydrological oscillations, triggering fertility as well as a critical loss of natural resources. In response to spatial changing resources, cultural foci were shifted. Therefore, the success of pre-Columbian civilizations was closely coupled to areas of geo-ecological favorability, which were directly controlled by distinct regional impacts of large-scale circulation mechanisms, including El Niño - Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Changes in the position of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) and the Bolivian anticyclone determined meridional shifts in moisture transport across the Andes, which

Regional Tectonic Control of Tertiary Mineralization and Recent Faulting in the Southern Basin-Range Province, an Application of ERTS-1 Data

Science.gov (United States)

Bechtold, I. C.; Liggett, M. A.; Childs, J. F.

1973-01-01

Research based on ERTS-1 MSS imagery and field work in the southern Basin-Range Province of California, Nevada and Arizona has shown regional tectonic control of volcanism, plutonism, mineralization and faulting. This paper covers an area centered on the Colorado River between 34 15' N and 36 45' N. During the mid-Tertiary, the area was the site of plutonism and genetically related volcanism fed by fissure systems now exposed as dike swarms. Dikes, elongate plutons, and coeval normal faults trend generally northward and are believed to have resulted from east-west crustal extension. In the extensional province, gold silver mineralization is closely related to Tertiary igneous activity. Similarities in ore, structural setting, and rock types define a metallogenic district of high potential for exploration. The ERTS imagery also provides a basis for regional inventory of small faults which cut alluvium. This capability for efficient regional surveys of Recent faulting should be considered in land use planning, geologic hazards study, civil engineering and hydrology.

Effect of Gravity Waves from Small Islands in the Southern Ocean on the Southern Hemisphere Atmospheric Circulation

Science.gov (United States)

Garfinkel, C. I.; Oman, L. D.

2018-01-01

The effect of small islands in the Southern Ocean on the atmospheric circulation in the Southern Hemisphere is considered with a series of simulations using the NASA Goddard Earth Observing System Chemistry-Climate Model in which the gravity wave stress generated by these islands is increased to resemble observed values. The enhanced gravity wave drag leads to a 2 K warming of the springtime polar stratosphere, partially ameliorating biases in this region. Resolved wave drag declines in the stratospheric region in which the added orographic gravity waves deposit their momentum, such that changes in gravity waves are partially compensated by changes in resolved waves, though resolved wave drag increases further poleward. The orographic drag from these islands has impacts for surface climate, as biases in tropospheric jet position are also partially ameliorated. These results suggest that these small islands are likely contributing to the missing drag near 60 degrees S in the upper stratosphere evident in many data assimilation products.

Riesgo psicosocial en el personal de enfermería. Servicio de urgencias en hospital universitario de Cartagena

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Martha Bustillo-Guzmán

2015-04-01

Full Text Available El trabajo como elemento vital para el desarrollo de las personas requiere de adecuadas condiciones de salud, pero, existen factores que pueden afectar al trabajador o a la empresa. En el presente estudio se buscó determinar los factores psicosociales a los cuales está expuesto el personal de enfermería del área de urgencias de un hospital universitario. Estudio descriptivo, realizado a 16 enfermeras y 64 auxiliares de enfermería que trabajan en diferentes jornadas, en el servicio de urgencias de un Hospital Universitario de Cartagena. Se utilizaron dos instrumentos: Perfil Sociodemográfico y el Diagnóstico de los Factores Psicosociales que midió lo relacionado con el contenido de la tarea, las relaciones humanas, organización del tiempo y gestión del personal. Los participantes del estudio fueron mujeres en su mayoría, con edad promedio de 34 años y estratos socioeconómico 2 y 3; en cuanto a los riesgos psicosociales, se encontró mayor afectación en las dimensiones de gestión de personal (98% de los casos y de contenido de la tarea (75%; con menor afectación destacaron las dimensiones de relaciones humanas (53.8%. Los resultados del estudio reportan factores de riesgo en las dimensiones de gestión del personal y organización del tiempo de trabajo.

Focal mechanisms in the southern Aegean from temporary seismic networks - implications for the regional stress field and ongoing deformation processes

Science.gov (United States)

Friederich, W.; Brüstle, A.; Küperkoch, L.; Meier, T.; Lamara, S.; Egelados Working Group

2014-05-01

The lateral variation of the stress field in the southern Aegean plate and the subducting Hellenic slab is determined from recordings of seismicity obtained with the CYCNET and EGELADOS networks in the years from 2002 to 2007. First motions from 7000 well-located microearthquakes were analysed to produce 540 well-constrained focal mechanisms. They were complemented by another 140 derived by waveform matching of records from larger events. Most of these earthquakes fall into 16 distinct spatial clusters distributed over the southern Aegean region. For each cluster, a stress inversion could be carried out yielding consistent estimates of the stress field and its spatial variation. At crustal levels, the stress field is generally dominated by a steeply dipping compressional principal stress direction except in places where coupling of the subducting slab and overlying plate come into play. Tensional principal stresses are generally subhorizontal. Just behind the forearc, the crust is under arc-parallel tension whereas in the volcanic areas around Kos, Columbo and Astypalea tensional and intermediate stresses are nearly degenerate. Further west and north, in the Santorini-Amorgos graben and in the area of the islands of Mykonos, Andros and Tinos, tensional stresses are significant and point around the NW-SE direction. Very similar stress fields are observed in western Turkey with the tensional axis rotated to NNE-SSW. Intermediate-depth earthquakes below 100 km in the Nisyros region indicate that the Hellenic slab experiences slab-parallel tension at these depths. The direction of tension is close to east-west and thus deviates from the local NW-oriented slab dip presumably owing to the segmentation of the slab. Beneath the Cretan sea, at shallower levels, the slab is under NW-SE compression. Tensional principal stresses in the crust exhibit very good alignment with extensional strain rate principal axes derived from GPS velocities except in volcanic areas, where both

Influences of management of Southern forests on water quantity and quality

Science.gov (United States)

Ge Sun; Mark Riedel; Rhett Jackson; Randy Kolka; Devendra Amatya; Jim Shepard

2004-01-01

Water is a key output of southern forests and is critical to other processes, functions, and values of forest ecosystems. This chapter synthesizes published literature about the effects of forest management practices on water quantity and water quality across the Southern United States region. We evaluate the influences of forest management at different temporal and...

Recent and old groundwater in the Niebla-Posadas regional aquifer (southern Spain): Implications for its management

Science.gov (United States)

Scheiber, Laura; Ayora, Carlos; Vázquez-Suñé, Enric; Cendón, Dioni I.; Soler, Albert; Custodio, Emilio; Baquero, Juan Carlos

2015-04-01

The Niebla-Posadas (NP) aquifer in southern Spain is one of the main groundwater sources for the lower Guadalquivir Valley, a semiarid region supporting an important population, agriculture and industry. To contribute to the understanding of this aquifer the assessment of sustainable use of groundwater, the residence time of groundwater in the NP aquifer has been estimated using 3H, 14C and 36Cl. Along the flow paths, recharged groundwater mixes with NaCl-type waters and undergoes calcite dissolution and is further modified by cation exchange (Ca-Na). Consequently, the water loses most of its calcium and the residual δ13CDIC in the groundwater is isotopically enriched. Further modifications take place along the flow path in deeper zones, where depleted δ13CDIC values are overprinted due to SO42- and iron oxide reduction, triggered by the presence of organic matter. Dating with 3H, 14C and 36Cl has allowed the differentiation of several zones: recharge zone (30 ky). An apparent link between the tectonic structure and the groundwater residence time zonation can be established. Regional faults clearly separates deep zone 1 from the distinctly older age (>30 ky) deep zone 2. From the estimated residence times, two groundwater areas of different behavior can be differentiated within the aquifer.

Nest temperature fluctuations in a cavity nester, the southern ground-hornbill.

Science.gov (United States)

Combrink, L; Combrink, H J; Botha, A J; Downs, C T

2017-05-01

Southern ground-hornbills Bucorvus leadbeateri inhabit savanna and bushveld regions of South Africa. They nest in the austral summer, which coincides with the wet season and hottest daytime temperatures in the region. They are secondary cavity nesters and typically nest in large cavities in trees, cliffs and earth banks, but readily use artificial nest boxes. Southern ground-hornbills are listed as Endangered in South Africa, with reintroductions into suitable areas highlighted as a viable conservation intervention for the species. Nest microclimate, and the possible implications this may have for the breeding biology of southern ground-hornbills, have never been investigated. We used temperature dataloggers to record nest cavity temperature and ambient temperature for one artificial and 11 natural southern ground-hornbill tree cavity nests combined, spanning two breeding seasons. Mean hourly nest temperature, as well as mean minimum and mean maximum nest temperature, differed significantly between southern ground-hornbill nests in both breeding seasons. Mean nest temperature also differed significantly from mean ambient temperature for both seasons. Natural nest cavities provided a buffer against the ambient temperature fluctuations. The artificial nest provided little insulation against temperature extremes, being warmer and cooler than the maximum and minimum local ambient temperatures, respectively. Nest cavity temperature was not found to have an influence on the breeding success of the southern ground-hornbill groups investigated in this study. These results have potentially important implications for southern ground-hornbill conservation and artificial nest design, as they suggest that the birds can tolerate greater nest cavity temperature extremes than previously thought. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Pre-Columbian population dynamics in coastal southern Peru: A diachronic investigation of mtDNA patterns in the Palpa region by ancient DNA analysis.

Science.gov (United States)

Fehren-Schmitz, Lars; Reindel, Markus; Cagigao, Elsa Tomasto; Hummel, Susanne; Herrmann, Bernd

2010-02-01

Alternative models have been proposed to explain the formation and decline of the south Peruvian Nasca culture, ranging from migration or invasion to autochthonous development and ecological crisis. To reveal to what extent population dynamic processes accounted for cultural development in the Nasca mainland, or were influenced by them, we analyzed ancient mitochondrial DNA of 218 individuals, originating from chronologically successive archaeological sites in the Palpa region, the Paracas Peninsula, and the Andean highlands in southern Peru. The sampling strategy allowed a diachronic analysis in a time frame from approximately 800 BC to 800 AD. Mitochondrial coding region polymorphisms were successfully analyzed and replicated for 130 individuals and control region sequences (np 16021-16408) for 104 individuals to determine Native American mitochondrial DNA haplogroups and haplotypes. The results were compared with ancient and contemporary Peruvian populations to reveal genetic relations of the archaeological samples. Frequency data and statistics show clear proximity of the Nasca populations to the populations of the preceding Paracas culture from Palpa and the Peninsula, and suggest, along with archaeological data, that the Nasca culture developed autochthonously in the Rio Grande drainage. Furthermore, the influence of changes in socioeconomic complexity in the Palpa area on the genetic diversity of the local population could be observed. In all, a strong genetic affinity between pre-Columbian coastal populations from southern Peru could be determined, together with a significant differentiation from ancient highland and all present-day Peruvian reference populations, best shown in the differential distribution of mitochondrial haplogroups. 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

All projects related to colombia | Page 3 | IDRC - International ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

This project aims to study the impacts of reforms to increase participation ... The coastal area of Cartagena, an important tourist destination in Colombia, ... Exploring the Political Economy of Violence in the Border Regions of Latin America.

A P-wave velocity model of the upper crust of the Sannio region (Southern Apennines, Italy

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M. Cocco

1998-06-01

Full Text Available This paper describes the results of a seismic refraction profile conducted in October 1992 in the Sannio region, Southern Italy, to obtain a detailed P-wave velocity model of the upper crust. The profile, 75 km long, extended parallel to the Apenninic chain in a region frequently damaged in historical time by strong earthquakes. Six shots were fired at five sites and recorded by a number of seismic stations ranging from 41 to 71 with a spacing of 1-2 km along the recording line. We used a two-dimensional raytracing technique to model travel times and amplitudes of first and second arrivals. The obtained P-wave velocity model has a shallow structure with strong lateral variations in the southern portion of the profile. Near surface sediments of the Tertiary age are characterized by seismic velocities in the 3.0-4.1 km/s range. In the northern part of the profile these deposits overlie a layer with a velocity of 4.8 km/s that has been interpreted as a Mesozoic sedimentary succession. A high velocity body, corresponding to the limestones of the Western Carbonate Platform with a velocity of 6 km/s, characterizes the southernmost part of the profile at shallow depths. At a depth of about 4 km the model becomes laterally homogeneous showing a continuous layer with a thickness in the 3-4 km range and a velocity of 6 km/s corresponding to the Meso-Cenozoic limestone succession of the Apulia Carbonate Platform. This platform appears to be layered, as indicated by an increase in seismic velocity from 6 to 6.7 km/s at depths in the 6-8 km range, that has been interpreted as a lithological transition from limestones to Triassic dolomites and anhydrites of the Burano formation. A lower P-wave velocity of about 5.0-5.5 km/s is hypothesized at the bottom of the Apulia Platform at depths ranging from 10 km down to 12.5 km; these low velocities could be related to Permo-Triassic siliciclastic deposits of the Verrucano sequence drilled at the bottom of the Apulia

Southern Africa’s climate: Current state and recent historical changes

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Davis, C

2011-11-01

Full Text Available Southern Africa is a predominantly semi-arid region with high rainfall variability, characterised by frequent droughts and floods. It is also widely recognised as one of the most vulnerable regions to climate change because of low levels of adaptive...

Elemental identification of blue paintings traces present in historic cemeteries in the São Martinho region, southern Brazil

Science.gov (United States)

Costa, Thiago G.; Richter, Fábio Andreas; Castro, Elisiana Trilha; Gonçalves, Samantha; Spudeit, Daniel A.; Micke, Gustavo A.

2018-03-01

Cemeteries are of great significance in many communities, often being considered of invaluable historical, artistic, architectural and cultural significance and thus they need to be preserved. In this regard, understanding the historical aspects and the construction techniques used is essential for their protection. The purpose of this paper is to describe historical aspects of the funerary heritage present in the region of São Martinho in southern Brazil, along with an analysis of the blue paint found in cemeteries of German colonies in the region studied. FTIR analysis suggests that the binder is composed mostly of a protein resin and a small amount of lipid. The morphology of the pigment was investigated by SEM and EDS and the spectra revealed that the major elements present in the blue pigment are Na, Al, Si and S, with an overlap in the elemental mapping, indicative of ultramarine pigments. The GC-MS results are consistent with the type of binder identified by FTIR and indicate a mixture of oils, probably from vegetal sources, and proteins.

Causes of death among full term stillbirths and early neonatal deaths in the Region of Southern Denmark.

Science.gov (United States)

Basu, Millie Nguyen; Johnsen, Iben Birgit Gade; Wehberg, Sonja; Sørensen, Rikke Guldberg; Barington, Torben; Nørgård, Bente Mertz

2018-02-23

We examined the causes of death amongst full term stillbirths and early neonatal deaths. Our cohort includes women in the Region of Southern Denmark, who gave birth at full term to a stillborn infant or a neonate who died within the first 7 days from 2010 through 2014. Demographic, biometric and clinical variables were analyzed to assess the causes of death using two classification systems: causes of death and associated conditions (CODAC) and a Danish system based on initial causes of fetal death (INCODE). A total of 95 maternal-infant cases were included. Using the CODAC and INCODE classification systems, we found that the causes of death were unknown in 59/95 (62.1%). The second most common cause of death in CODAC was congenital anomalies in 10/95 (10.5%), similar to INCODE with fetal, genetic, structural and karyotypic anomalies in 11/95 (11.6%). The majority of the mothers were healthy, primiparous, non-smokers, aged 20-34 years and with a normal body mass index (BMI). Based on an unselected cohort from an entire region in Denmark, the cause of stillbirth and early neonatal deaths among full term infants remained unknown for the vast majority.

Molecular characterization of Orientia tsutsugamushi serotypes causing scrub typhus outbreak in southern region of Andhra Pradesh, India.

Science.gov (United States)

Usha, K; Kumar, E; Kalawat, Usha; Kumar, B Siddhartha; Chaudhury, A; Gopal, D V R Sai

2016-10-01

Scrub typhus is a vector-borne zoonotic infection caused by Orientiatsutsugamushi. Local epidemiology of the circulating serotypes of scrub typhus is not available from most parts of India. We conducted this study for the diagnosis of scrub typhus using IgM ELISA and to detect O. tsutsugamushi serotypes circulating in southern Andhra Pradesh, India. Samples were collected from patients clinically suspected to have scrub typhus and were subjected to IgM ELISA to measure IgM antibodies against O. tsutsugamushi. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed targeting strain-specific regions in ELISA-positive samples. Of a total of 663 samples, 258 (38.91%) were found to be positive by IgM ELISA. Serotypes could be detected in 230 (34.69%) samples only. Only two serotypes, Karp and Kawasaki, were found in the serum samples, with the former being predominant. The dual infection of Karp and Kawasaki serotypes was found in seven patients. Other serotypes such as Gilliam, Kuroki and Kato were not detected in the samples. The nested PCR products proved useful in presumptively identifying the endemic O. tsutsugamushi serotypes. The present study could be significant in understanding scrub typhus epidemiology in this region.

Regional climate service in Southern Germany

Science.gov (United States)

Schipper, Janus; Hackenbruch, Julia

2013-04-01

Climate change challenges science, politics, business and society at the international, national and regional level. The South German Climate Office at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) is a contact for the structuring and dissemination of information on climate and climate change in the South German region. It provides scientifically based and user-oriented climate information. Thereby it builds a bridge between the climate sciences and society and provides scientific information on climate change in an understandable way. The expertise of KIT, in which several institutions operate on fundamental and applied climate research, and of partner institutions is the basis for the work in the climate office. The regional focus is on the south of Germany. Thematic focuses are e.g. regional climate modeling, trends in extreme weather events such as heavy rain and hail event, and issues for energy and water management. The South German Climate Office is one of four Regional Helmholtz Climate Offices, of which each has a regional and thematic focus. The users of the Climate Office can be summarized into three categories. First, there is the general public. This category consists mainly of non-professionals. Here, special attention is on an understandable translation of climate information. Attention is paid to application-related aspects, because each individual is affected in a different way by climate change. Typical examples of this category are school groups, citizens and the media. The second category consists of experts of other disciplines. Unlike the first category they are mainly interested in the exchange of results and data. It is important to the climate office to provide support for the use of climatological results. Typical representatives of this category are ministries, state offices, and companies. In the third and final category are scientists. In addition to the climatologists, this category also holds representatives from other scientific

Malnutrition among children in Southern Ethiopia: Levels and risk ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Using data collected in the Community and Family Survey of the Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples Region, this study estimates the level of child malnutrition and identifies the factors associated with chronic malnutrition among children in the five densely populated zones of the Region. A total of 850 children aged ...

Late Eocene white pines (Pinus subgenus Strobus) from southern China.

Science.gov (United States)

Xu, Qingqing; Zhou, Wenjun; Kodrul, Tatiana M; Naugolnykh, Serge V; Jin, Jianhua

2015-11-09

Fossil records indicate that the genus Pinus L. split into two subgenera by the Late Cretaceous, although subgenus Strobus (D. Don) Lemmon is less well documented than subgenus Pinus L., especially in eastern Asia. In this paper, Pinus maomingensis sp. nov. is established based on a compressed seed cone from the upper Eocene of the Maoming Basin of southern China. This species is attributed to genus Pinus, subgenus Strobus, section Quinquefoliae Duhamel, subsection Strobus Loudon based on the combination of morphological characters obtained from the cone scales, specifically from the terminal umbo, rhombic apophysis, and cuticle structure. Associated fascicles of needle leaves with deciduous sheaths and bulbous bases are recognized as Pinus sp. and also represent Pinus subgenus Strobus. This new discovery from the Maoming Basin constitutes the first megafossil record of subgenus Strobus from southern China and implies that the members of this subgenus arrived in the southern region of China by the late Eocene. The extant species of subgenus Strobus are mainly distributed in northern temperate and tropical to subtropical mountainous regions. We propose that the Maoming Basin was adjacent to a mountainous region during the late Eocene.

Metropolitanization and Forest Recovery in Southern Brazil: a Multiscale Analysis of the Florianópolis City-Region, Santa Catarina State, 1970 to 2005

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Sandra R. Baptista

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Within the contexts of globalization and the Atlantic Forest ecoregion, I present a multiscale analysis of anthropogenic landscape dynamics in the Florianópolis city-region, Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. Drawing on field research conducted between 2000 and 2004 and a review of the literature, I examined Brazilian demographic and agricultural census data for the period of 1970 to 1995-1996. I hypothesized that economic restructuring, new institutional arrangements, and the valuation of environmental amenities and ecosystem services have contributed to forest recovery trends and thus a forest transition in the city-region. My results indicate that along with rapid urbanization, in-migration, socioeconomic polarization, and segregation, the city-region has experienced the contraction of private agricultural land area, expansion of protected areas, recovery of forests, and conversion of coastal plain ecosystems to built environments. Future analyses of forest transition dynamics should consider the spatial configurations of socioeconomic inequality in city-regions.

Clean Air Slots Amid Dense Atmospheric Pollution in Southern Africa

Science.gov (United States)

Hobbs, Peter V.

2003-01-01

During the flights of the University of Washington's Convair-580 in the Southern African Regional Science Initiative (SAFARI 2000) in southern Africa, a phenomenon was observed that has not been reported previously. This was the occurrence of thin layers of remarkably clean air, sandwiched between heavily polluted air, which persisted for many hours during the day. Photographs are shown of these clean air slots (CAS), and particle concentrations and light scattering coefficients in and around such slot are presented. An explanation is proposed for the propensity of CAS to form in southern Africa during the dry season.

Regional trade and the nutrition transition: opportunities to strengthen NCD prevention policy in the Southern African Development Community

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Anne Marie Thow

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Background: Addressing diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs will require a multisectoral policy approach that includes the food supply and trade, but implementing effective policies has proved challenging. The Southern African Development Community (SADC has experienced significant trade and economic liberalization over the past decade; at the same time, the nutrition transition has progressed rapidly in the region. This analysis considers the relationship between regional trade liberalization and changes in the food environment associated with poor diets and NCDs, with the aim of identifying feasible and proactive policy responses to support healthy diets. Design: Changes in trade and investment policy for the SADC were documented and compared with time-series graphs of import data for soft drinks and snack foods to assess changes in imports and source country in relation to trade and investment liberalization. Our analysis focuses on regional trade flows. Results: Diets and the burden of disease in the SADC have changed since the 1990s in parallel with trade and investment liberalization. Imports of soft drinks increased by 76% into SADC countries between 1995 and 2010, and processed snack foods by 83%. South Africa acts as a regional trade and investment hub; it is the major source of imports and investment related to these products into other SADC countries. At the same time, imports of processed foods and soft drinks from outside the region – largely from Asia and the Middle East – are increasing at a dramatic rate with soft drink imports growing by almost 1,200% and processed snack foods by 750%. Conclusions: There is significant intra-regional trade in products associated with the nutrition transition; however, growing extra-regional trade means that countries face new pressures in implementing strong policies to prevent the increasing burden of diet-related NCDs. Implementation of a regional nutrition policy framework could

Regional trade and the nutrition transition: opportunities to strengthen NCD prevention policy in the Southern African Development Community

Science.gov (United States)

Thow, Anne Marie; Sanders, David; Drury, Eliza; Puoane, Thandi; Chowdhury, Syeda N.; Tsolekile, Lungiswa; Negin, Joel

2015-01-01

Background Addressing diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs) will require a multisectoral policy approach that includes the food supply and trade, but implementing effective policies has proved challenging. The Southern African Development Community (SADC) has experienced significant trade and economic liberalization over the past decade; at the same time, the nutrition transition has progressed rapidly in the region. This analysis considers the relationship between regional trade liberalization and changes in the food environment associated with poor diets and NCDs, with the aim of identifying feasible and proactive policy responses to support healthy diets. Design Changes in trade and investment policy for the SADC were documented and compared with time-series graphs of import data for soft drinks and snack foods to assess changes in imports and source country in relation to trade and investment liberalization. Our analysis focuses on regional trade flows. Results Diets and the burden of disease in the SADC have changed since the 1990s in parallel with trade and investment liberalization. Imports of soft drinks increased by 76% into SADC countries between 1995 and 2010, and processed snack foods by 83%. South Africa acts as a regional trade and investment hub; it is the major source of imports and investment related to these products into other SADC countries. At the same time, imports of processed foods and soft drinks from outside the region – largely from Asia and the Middle East – are increasing at a dramatic rate with soft drink imports growing by almost 1,200% and processed snack foods by 750%. Conclusions There is significant intra-regional trade in products associated with the nutrition transition; however, growing extra-regional trade means that countries face new pressures in implementing strong policies to prevent the increasing burden of diet-related NCDs. Implementation of a regional nutrition policy framework could complement the SADC

Climatology of Aerosol Optical Properties in Southern Africa

Science.gov (United States)

Queface, Antonio J.; Piketh, Stuart J.; Eck, Thomas F.; Tsay, Si-Chee

2011-01-01

A thorough regionally dependent understanding of optical properties of aerosols and their spatial and temporal distribution is required before we can accurately evaluate aerosol effects in the climate system. Long term measurements of aerosol optical depth, Angstrom exponent and retrieved single scattering albedo and size distribution, were analyzed and compiled into an aerosol optical properties climatology for southern Africa. Monitoring of aerosol parameters have been made by the AERONET program since the middle of the last decade in southern Africa. This valuable information provided an opportunity for understanding how aerosols of different types influence the regional radiation budget. Two long term sites, Mongu in Zambia and Skukuza in South Africa formed the core sources of data in this study. Results show that seasonal variation of aerosol optical thicknesses at 500 nm in southern Africa are characterized by low seasonal multi-month mean values (0.11 to 0.17) from December to May, medium values (0.20 to 0.27) between June and August, and high to very high values (0.30 to 0.46) during September to November. The spatial distribution of aerosol loadings shows that the north has high magnitudes than the south in the biomass burning season and the opposite in none biomass burning season. From the present aerosol data, no long term discernable trends are observable in aerosol concentrations in this region. This study also reveals that biomass burning aerosols contribute the bulk of the aerosol loading in August-October. Therefore if biomass burning could be controlled, southern Africa will experience a significant reduction in total atmospheric aerosol loading. In addition to that, aerosol volume size distribution is characterized by low concentrations in the non biomass burning period and well balanced particle size contributions of both coarse and fine modes. In contrast high concentrations are characteristic of biomass burning period, combined with

Energy security in South America and Southern Africa: synthesis report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kiratu, Sheila

2011-01-01

In developing countries, the ability to provide adequate and reliable energy supplies is a key to sustainable economic development. The aim of this report is to study the energy supply security in both Southern Africa and South America and how these regions can participate in the international effort to combat climate change. This report showed that South Africa's energy sector mostly relies on carbon intensive coal while Brazil is mainly supplied by hydroelectricity. It was found that in both countries energy needs will increase significantly due to rising demand both internally and at a regional scale. However it was also shown that both Southern Africa and South America have important hydro, solar and wind renewable resources which could enhance their electricity security while minimizing their environmental impacts. This study demonstrated that Southern Africa and South America can enhance their electricity security through the use of renewable energies but that technology and financing is needed to develop the sector.

The Direct Trade of Woods for the Spanish Shipbuilding Industry and other Goods from the Southern Baltic Sea Region, 1700-1783

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Rafal Reichert

2016-04-01

Full Text Available The present work is the first approach to theme of the direct trade between the southern region of the Baltic Sea and Spain, the issue very little known and generalizes by Spanish historiography. Thus, for help of the digital records of the Sound Strait, the checkpoint where ships paid a right of transit it to the Danish Crown, was conducted an analysis of the maritime movement and its volume between both regions in the period of 1700-1783. The results of this research were deepened with the employ of the Polish, Spanish and European historiographies that allowed establishing new perspectives of the commerce life of both regions (Spain and countries of the South Baltic. The primary focus of study focused on the presentation of economic, geopolitical and maritime aspects of this direct trade, where mayor attention was offered to the analysis of wood and timber shipments for the Spanish shipbuilding industry. Finally, the purpose of this work was to demonstrate that actually existed the direct trade between the South Baltic and Spain, which perhaps was small in a global context, however showed its utility against Anglo Dutch monopoly in traffic with different regions of this sea.

Proterozoic structure, cambrian rifting, and younger faulting as revealed by a regional seismic reflection network in the Southern Illinois Basin

Science.gov (United States)

Potter, C.J.; Drahovzal, James A.; Sargent, M.L.; McBride, J.H.

1997-01-01

Four high-quality seismic reflection profiles through the southern Illinois Basin, totaling 245 km in length, provide an excellent regional subsurface stratigraphic and structural framework for evaluation of seismic risk, hydrocarbon occurrence, and other regional geologic studies. These data provide extensive subsurface information on the geometry of the intersection of the Cambrian Reelfoot and Rough Creek rifts, on extensive Proterozoic reflection sequences, and on structures (including the Fluorspar Area Fault Complex and Hicks Dome) that underlie a transitional area between the well-defined New Madrid seismic zone (to the southwest) and a more diffuse area of seismicity in the southern Illinois Basin. Our principal interpretations from these data are listed here in order of geologic age, from oldest to youngest: 1. Prominent Proterozoic layering, possibly equivalent to Proterozoic (???1 Ga) Middle Run Formation clastic strata and underlying (1.3-1.5 Ga) volcanic rocks of the East Continent rift basin, has been strongly deformed, probably as part of the Grenville foreland fold and thrust belt. 2. A well-defined angular unconformity is seen in many places between Proterozoic and Cambrian strata; a post-Grenville Proterozoic sequence is also apparent locally, directly beneath the base of the Cambrian. 3. We infer a major reversal in Cambrian rift polarity (accommodation zone) in the Rough Creek Graben in western Kentucky. 4. Seismic facies analysis suggests the presence of basin-floor fan complexes at and near the base of the Cambrian interval and within parts of a Proterozoic post-Grenville sequence in several parts of the Rough Creek Graben. 5. There is an abrupt pinchout of the Mount Simon Sandstone against crystalline basement beneath the Dale Dome (near the Texaco no. 1 Cuppy well, Hamilton County) in southeastern Illinois, and a more gradual Mount Simon pinchout to the southeast. 6. Where crossed by the seismic reflection line in southeast Illinois, some

Population-Level Transcriptomic Responses of the Southern Ocean Salp Salpa thompsoni to Environment Variability of the Western Antarctic Peninsula Region

Science.gov (United States)

Bucklin, A. C.; Batta Lona, P. G.; Maas, A. E.; O'Neill, R. J.; Wiebe, P. H.

2015-12-01

In response to the changing Antarctic climate, the Southern Ocean salp Salpa thompsoni has shown altered patterns of distribution and abundance that are anticipated to have profound impacts on pelagic food webs and ecosystem dynamics. The physiological and molecular processes that underlay ecological function and biogeographical distribution are key to understanding present-day dynamics and predicting future trajectories. This study examined transcriptome-wide patterns of gene expression in relation to biological and physical oceanographic conditions in coastal, shelf and offshore waters of the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) region during austral spring and summer 2011. Based on field observations and collections, seasonal changes in the distribution and abundance of salps of different life stages were associated with differences in water mass structure of the WAP. Our observations are consistent with previous suggestions that bathymetry and currents in Bransfield Strait could generate a retentive cell for an overwintering population of S. thompsoni, which may generate the characteristic salp blooms found throughout the region later in summer. The statistical analysis of transcriptome-wide patterns of gene expression revealed differences among salps collected in different seasons and from different habitats (i.e., coastal versus offshore) in the WAP. Gene expression patterns also clustered by station in austral spring - but not summer - collections, suggesting stronger heterogeneity of environmental conditions. During the summer, differentially expressed genes covered a wider range of functions, including those associated with stress responses. Future research using novel molecular transcriptomic / genomic characterization of S. thompsoni will allow more complete understanding of individual-, population-, and species-level responses to environmental variability and prediction of future dynamics of Southern Ocean food webs and ecosystems.

Regional planning without means - search for regional leadership

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Groth, Niels Boje; Fertner, Christian

and stakeholders, not least due to its polycentric urban structure with several medium-sized towns. Besides the regional authority and the regions 22 municipalities, sub-regional collaboration is gaining momentum. Furthermore, different fora, councils and associations are engaging in regional issues. However......, collaboration is often focused on specific sectors or sub-regions, while the joint development of the region is left behind. The regional authority has changed its focus from planning to the provision of knowledge, suitable to kick-off joint action with regional stakeholders, while municipalities keep focus...... on their own territories, eventually in the context of one of the new sub-regional collaborations. Based on an empirical analysis of the regional interplay in Southern Denmark and results from the ESPON ReSSI project, we go through these new settings of regional collaboration in the search for new forms...

Towards a spatial development perspective for Southern Africa

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Chakwizira, J

2008-11-01

Full Text Available To ensure equitable development in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region, unravelling and understanding the role that physical space and spatial structures play in economic growth is of cardinal importance. In this regard...

JASSA: Journal of Applied Science in Southern Africa

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The Journal of Applied Science in Southern Africa (JASSA), aims to publish each issue six to ten original research papers. It is multi-disciplinary in approach specializing in publishing results of applied research considered important to the region.

Incidencia de la certificación ISO 9001 en los indicadores de productividad y utilidad financiera de empresas de la zona industrial de Mamonal en Cartagena

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Morelos Gómez

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo de investigación presenta los resultados de evaluación de indicadores de productividad de las empresas certificadas en ISO 9001 y su incidencia en la utilidad financiera de las empresas de la Zona Industrial Mamonal en Cartagena. En la metodología utilizada se calcularon los indicadores de productividad y financieros, a las 25 empresas certificadas en calidad. Seguidamente, se utilizó la técnica de análisis multivariante de datos, para explicar la pertenencia y discriminación de cada grupo de indicadores de productividad y financieros, teniendo como resultado el mejoramiento en la eficiencia productiva de los indicadores razón utilidad bruta/valor agregado (IP1 y razón utilidad neta/capital de trabajo (IP4 entre 2006 y 2010, y por ende la positiva incidencia de estos indicadores en las utilidades financieras, margen bruto (MB y margen operacional (MO.

Rastros, rostros y voces del racismo institucional en Cartagena: Un acercamiento a partir del debate de la “degeneración de las razas”, 1910-1930

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Francisco Javier Florez Bolivar

2013-11-01

Full Text Available Este artículo analiza la apropiación que hicieron una serie de intelectuales colombianos sobre el  racial que distintos autores del mundo europeo y estadounidense, ampliamente inspirados  las ideas del racismo científico, consolidaron en el transito en el siglo XIX al XX. Tomando como base  debate conocido como la degeneración de las razas, intento sustentar la idea de que los discursos que  torno a los sectores negros y mulatos se construyeron en los mismos tuvieron unos  reales  concretos que derivaron en disposiciones  ampliamente utilizadas en contextos  Cartagena, hasta el punto de incidir en las practicas sociales de los individuos al radicalizar las  relaciones socio-raciales que históricamente han caracterizado esta sociedad, y con ello se  una suerte de racismo institucional entre los años de 1910 y 1930.

Incidencia de la certificación ISO 9001 en los indicadores de productividad y utilidad financiera de empresas de la zona industrial de Mamonal en Cartagena

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Morelos Gómez

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo de investigación presenta los resultados de evaluación de indicadores de productividad de las em- presas certificadas en ISO 9001 y su incidencia en la utilidad financiera de las empresas de la Zona Industrial Mamonal en Cartagena. En la metodología utilizada se calcularon los indicadores de productividad y financieros, a las 25 empresas certificadas en calidad. Seguidamente, se utilizó la técnica de análisis multivariante de datos, para explicar la pertenencia y discriminación de cada grupo de indicadores de productividad y financieros, te- niendo como resultado el mejoramiento en la eficiencia productiva de los indicadores razón utilidad bruta/valor agregado (IP1 y razón utilidad neta/capital de trabajo (IP4 entre 2006 y 2010, y por ende la positiva incidencia de estos indicadores en las utilidades financieras, margen bruto (MB y margen operacional (MO.

Monitoring vegetation dynamics with medium resolution MODIS-EVI time series at sub-regional scale in southern Africa

Science.gov (United States)

Dubovyk, Olena; Landmann, Tobias; Erasmus, Barend F. N.; Tewes, Andreas; Schellberg, Jürgen

2015-06-01

Currently there is a lack of knowledge on spatio-temporal patterns of land surface dynamics at medium spatial scale in southern Africa, even though this information is essential for better understanding of ecosystem response to climatic variability and human-induced land transformations. In this study, we analysed vegetation dynamics across a large area in southern Africa using the 14-years (2000-2013) of medium spatial resolution (250 m) MODIS-EVI time-series data. Specifically, we investigated temporal changes in the time series of key phenometrics including overall greenness, peak and timing of annual greenness over the monitoring period and study region. In order to specifically capture spatial and per pixel vegetation changes over time, we calculated trends in these phenometrics using a robust trend analysis method. The results showed that interannual vegetation dynamics followed precipitation patterns with clearly differentiated seasonality. The earliest peak greenness during 2000-2013 occurred at the end of January in the year 2000 and the latest peak greenness was observed at the mid of March in 2012. Specifically spatial patterns of long-term vegetation trends allowed mapping areas of (i) decrease or increase in overall greenness, (ii) decrease or increase of peak greenness, and (iii) shifts in timing of occurrence of peak greenness over the 14-year monitoring period. The observed vegetation decline in the study area was mainly attributed to human-induced factors. The obtained information is useful to guide selection of field sites for detailed vegetation studies and land rehabilitation interventions and serve as an input for a range of land surface models.

Locating regional health policy: Institutions, politics, and practices

Science.gov (United States)

Riggirozzi, Pia; Yeates, Nicola

2015-01-01

Poverty reduction and health became central in the agendas of Southern regional organisations in the last two decades. Yet, little is known about how these organisations address poverty, inclusion and social inequality, and how Southern regional formations are engaging in power constellations, institutions, processes, interests and ideological positions within different spheres of governance. This article reviews academic literatures spanning global social policy, regional studies and diplomacy studies, and the state of knowledge and understanding of the ‘place’ of regional actors in health governance as a global political practice therein. It identifies theoretical and thematic points of connection between disparate literatures and how these can be bridged through research focusing on the social policies of regional organisations and regional integration processes. This framework hence locates the contributions of each of the research articles of this Special Issue of Global Social Policy on the regional dimension of health policy and diplomacy in relation to Southern Africa and South America. It also highlights the ways in which the articles bring new evidence about how social relations of welfare are being (re)made over larger scales and how regional actors may initiate new norms to improve health rights in international arenas engaging in new forms of ‘regional’ diplomacy. PMID:26635495

[Soil infiltration capacity under different vegetations in southern Ningxia Loess hilly region].

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Yong-Hui; Zhao, Shi-Wei; Lei, Ting-Wu; Liu, Han

2008-05-01

A new apparatus for measuring the run off-on-out under simulated rainfall conditions was used to study the soil infiltration capacity under different rainfall intensities and vegetations in loess hilly region of southern Ningxia, with the relationships between soil water-stable aggregate content and soil stable infiltration rate under different vegetations analyzed. The results showed that the regression equations between rainfall duration and soil infiltration rate under different vegetations all followed y = a + be(-cx), with R2 ranged from 0.9678 to 0.9969. With the increase of rainfall intensity, the soil stable infiltration rate on slope cropland decreased, while that on Medicago lupulina land, natural grassland, and Caragana korshinskii land increased. Under the rainfall intensity of 20 mm h(-1), the rainfall infiltration translation rate (RITR) was decreased in the order of M. lupulina land > slope cropland > natural grassland > C. korshinskii land; while under the rainfall intensity of 40 mm h(-1) and 56 mm h(-1), the RITR was in the sequence of M. lupulina land > natural grassland > slope cropland > C. korshinskii land, and decreased with increasing rainfall intensity. After the reversion of cropland to grassland and forest land, and with the increase of re-vegetation, the amount of >0.25 mm soil aggregates increased, and soil infiltration capacity improved. The revegetation in study area effectively improved soil structure and soil infiltration capacity, and enhanced the utilization potential of rainfall on slope.

Field guide to trees of Southern Africa

OpenAIRE

Rishan Singh

2012-01-01

The mainland region of Africa is Southern Africa because it is considered to be robust with an estimate of around 1700 tree species that are native and a couple 100 more that are alien, but have become accustomed to the natural environment; invading, penetrating and replacing vegetation.

Focal mechanisms in the southern Aegean from temporary seismic networks – implications for the regional stress field and ongoing deformation processes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

W. Friederich

2014-05-01

Full Text Available The lateral variation of the stress field in the southern Aegean plate and the subducting Hellenic slab is determined from recordings of seismicity obtained with the CYCNET and EGELADOS networks in the years from 2002 to 2007. First motions from 7000 well-located microearthquakes were analysed to produce 540 well-constrained focal mechanisms. They were complemented by another 140 derived by waveform matching of records from larger events. Most of these earthquakes fall into 16 distinct spatial clusters distributed over the southern Aegean region. For each cluster, a stress inversion could be carried out yielding consistent estimates of the stress field and its spatial variation. At crustal levels, the stress field is generally dominated by a steeply dipping compressional principal stress direction except in places where coupling of the subducting slab and overlying plate come into play. Tensional principal stresses are generally subhorizontal. Just behind the forearc, the crust is under arc-parallel tension whereas in the volcanic areas around Kos, Columbo and Astypalea tensional and intermediate stresses are nearly degenerate. Further west and north, in the Santorini–Amorgos graben and in the area of the islands of Mykonos, Andros and Tinos, tensional stresses are significant and point around the NW–SE direction. Very similar stress fields are observed in western Turkey with the tensional axis rotated to NNE–SSW. Intermediate-depth earthquakes below 100 km in the Nisyros region indicate that the Hellenic slab experiences slab-parallel tension at these depths. The direction of tension is close to east–west and thus deviates from the local NW-oriented slab dip presumably owing to the segmentation of the slab. Beneath the Cretan sea, at shallower levels, the slab is under NW–SE compression. Tensional principal stresses in the crust exhibit very good alignment with extensional strain rate principal axes derived from GPS velocities except

An assessment of agroforestry systems in the southern USA

Science.gov (United States)

F. C. Zinkhan; D. Evan Mercer

1997-01-01

An assessment of the southern USA, based on a survey of land-use professionalsand a review of theliterature, revealed that it is a diverse region with substantial potential for agroforestry to address a combination of problems and opportunities. The survey indicated that silvopastoml systems are the most common form of agroforestry in the region. Increased economic...

Ecosystem stressors in southern Nevada [Chapter 2] (Executive Summary)

Science.gov (United States)

Burton K. Pendleton; Jeanne C. Chambers; Matthew L. Brooks; Steven M. Ostoja

2013-01-01

Southern Nevada ecosystems are subject to a number of stressors that range in scope from local to regional to global. At the regional scale, human population growth and related activities constitute a major stressor. Nevada has undergone significant change due to unprecedented population growth and ongoing global change processes. Nevada’s growth rate has been the...

Pastoral community organization, livelihoods and biodiversity conservation in Mongolia's Southern Gobi Region

Science.gov (United States)

Sabine M. Schmidt

2006-01-01

In this paper I describe processes and impacts of collective action by mobile pastoralist communities, and of external support strategies to strengthen local institutions and cooperation in Mongolia’s southern Gobi. The need for pastoral mobility triggered the processes leading to community organization, and the emergence, or re-emergence, of local informal...

La política desde los circuitos de comunicación en la Provincia de Cartagena, 1830-1839

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Fanuel Luna Castilla

2011-07-01

Full Text Available El autor estudia cómo estaban constituidos los circuitos o redes de comunicación en la Provincia de Cartagena en la década de los treinta del siglo diecinueve; periodo durante el cual la política aparecía mediada por un conjunto de prácticas y vivencias propias del entorno provincial y vecinal. Más que una opinión pública, en sentido moderno, las redes componían sistemas de comunicación oral, escrita e impresa que terminaban siendo determinantes en la legitimación de las instituciones y el poder local. Unos sitios y entornos específicos (una fiesta, una parranda, una gallera, la tropa, el aula de clases y unos medios (el chisme, la conversación, el libelo, el pasquín, el periódico servían a la recepción y reelaboración de la política en la provincia. La “bulla”, los “ruidos públicos” y el “desorden” son entendidos como formas prácticas de participación en la vida política. La articulación de los diferentes espacios y formas de comunicación fue un hecho fundamental para una sociedad en la que la impresión y la escritura eran determinantes en el acceso a la representación política.

Historia, severidad de caries y necesidades de tratamiento periodontal en estudiantes de odontología de Cartagena

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Katherine Margarita Arrieta Vergara

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Determinar historia, severidad de caries y necesidades de tratamiento periodontal y su relación con variables demográficas en estudiantes de odontología. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal en una muestra probabilística de 221 estudiantes de odontología de una universidad pública de Cartagena. Se hicieron mediciones clínicas a través de los índices COP, ICDAS II, INTCP, higiene oral simplificado de Green y Vermillion. Se realizó análisis univariado y bivariado usando razones de disparidad y prueba estadística χ2 para la significancia estadística. Resultados: El promedio del COP-D fue de 4,2 y la severidad de caries COP ≤ 6 fue de 77,3% y COP >7 de 22,6%. En cuanto al tratamiento periodontal, los participantes necesitan: instrucción de higiene oral y motivación (29,4%, detartraje supragingival, profilaxis, higiene oral, motivación (22,6%, tratamiento complejo, profilaxis, higiene oral y motivación (41,1%. El análisis de razones de disparidad mostró asociación entre la higiene oral y la severidad de caries (OR=3,3 y enfermedad periodontal (OR=2,9. Conclusiones: Dada la carga de morbilidad en salud oral en esta población, se hace necesario implementar políticas que faciliten y fortalezcan una cultura de prevención y promoción en salud desde el ámbito universitario.

Southern Forest Resource Assessment - Summary Report

Science.gov (United States)

David N. Wear; John G. Greis

2002-01-01

The Southern Forest Resource Assessment was initiated in 1999 as a result of concerns raised by natural resource managers, the science community, and the public regarding the status and likely future of forests in the South. These included changes to the region’s forests brought about by rapid urbanization, increasing timber demand, increasing numbers of...

Southern forests: Yesterday, today, and tomorrow

Science.gov (United States)

R. Neil Sampson

2004-01-01

In the 20th century, southern forests changed dramatically. Those changes pale, however, when compared to what happened to the people of the region. In addition to growing over fourfold in numbers, the South's population has urbanized, globalized, and intellectualized in 100 years. Rural and isolated in the 19th century, they are today urban and cosmopolitan. One...

Contamination of soil by heavy metals in the mining Sierra of Cartegena La Union and its environment (Southeast Spain); Contaminacion de suelos por metales pesados en la sierra minera de Cartagena La Union y su entorno (Sureste de Espana)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Belmonte Serrato, F.; Rojo Lopez, S.; Romero Diaz, A.; Moreno Brotons, J.; Alonso Sarria, F.

2009-07-01

This paper analyzes the metal pollution in natural, agricultural and mineral-industrial soils in the Sierra of Cartagena La Union and its adjacent area. The analysis was conducted on 52 soil samples randomly selected and 23 samples form the bed of the channels draining to the Mar Menor and the Mediterranean sea. The results indicate high concentrations of metals that exceed, in many cases, the maximum allowable by the relevant laws of various countries, including Spain. Of note is the excessive contamination by lead (Pb) and Cinz (Zn) that doubles or even triples the maximum of the most permissive laws. (Author) 9 refs.

Extending the temporal context of ethnobotanical databases: the case study of the Campania region (southern Italy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pollio Antonino

2009-02-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Ethnobotanical studies generally describe the traditional knowledge of a territory according to a "hic et nunc" principle. The need of approaching this field also embedding historical data has been frequently acknowledged. With their long history of civilization some regions of the Mediterranean basin seem to be particularly suited for an historical approach to be adopted. Campania, a region of southern Italy, has been selected for a database implementation containing present and past information on plant uses. Methods A relational database has been built on the basis of information gathered from different historical sources, including diaries, travel accounts, and treatises on medicinal plants, written by explorers, botanists, physicians, who travelled in Campania during the last three centuries. Moreover, ethnobotanical uses described in historical herbal collections and in Ancient and Medieval texts from the Mediterranean Region have been included in the database. Results 1672 different uses, ranging from medicinal, to alimentary, ceremonial, veterinary, have been recorded for 474 species listed in the data base. Information is not uniformly spread over the Campanian territory; Sannio being the most studied geographical area and Cilento the least one. About 50 plants have been continuously used in the last three centuries in the cure of the same affections. A comparison with the uses reported for the same species in Ancient treatises shows that the origin of present ethnomedicine from old learned medical doctrines needs a case-by-case confirmation. Conclusion The database is flexible enough to represent a useful tool for researchers who need to store and compare present and previous ethnobotanical uses from Mediterranean Countries.

Southern Appalachian assessment. Summary report, Report 1 of 5

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-07-01

This final report for the Southern Appalachian Man and the Biosphere Program is comprised of two documents: (1) a brief summary of programs and projects, and (2) a more extensive summary report included as an attachment. The purpose of the program is to promote a sustainable balance between the conservation of biological diversity, compatible economic uses, and cultural values across the Southern Appalachians. Program and project areas addressing regional issues include environmental monitoring and assessment, sustainable development/sustainable technologies, conservation biology, ecosystem management, environmental education and training, cultural and historical resources, and public information and education. The attached summary report is one of five that documents the results of the Southern Appalachian Assessment; it includes atmospheric, social/cultural/economic, terrestrial, and aquatic reports.

Climate and southern Africa's water-energy-food nexus

Science.gov (United States)

Conway, Declan; van Garderen, Emma Archer; Deryng, Delphine; Dorling, Steve; Krueger, Tobias; Landman, Willem; Lankford, Bruce; Lebek, Karen; Osborn, Tim; Ringler, Claudia; Thurlow, James; Zhu, Tingju; Dalin, Carole

2015-09-01

In southern Africa, the connections between climate and the water-energy-food nexus are strong. Physical and socioeconomic exposure to climate is high in many areas and in crucial economic sectors. Spatial interdependence is also high, driven, for example, by the regional extent of many climate anomalies and river basins and aquifers that span national boundaries. There is now strong evidence of the effects of individual climate anomalies, but associations between national rainfall and gross domestic product and crop production remain relatively weak. The majority of climate models project decreases in annual precipitation for southern Africa, typically by as much as 20% by the 2080s. Impact models suggest these changes would propagate into reduced water availability and crop yields. Recognition of spatial and sectoral interdependencies should inform policies, institutions and investments for enhancing water, energy and food security. Three key political and economic instruments could be strengthened for this purpose: the Southern African Development Community, the Southern African Power Pool and trade of agricultural products amounting to significant transfers of embedded water.

Climate and Southern Africa's Water-Energy-Food Nexus

Science.gov (United States)

Conway, D.; Osborn, T.; Dorling, S.; Ringler, C.; Lankford, B.; Dalin, C.; Thurlow, J.; Zhu, T.; Deryng, D.; Landman, W.; Archer van Garderen, E.; Krueger, T.; Lebek, K.

2014-12-01

Numerous challenges coalesce to make Southern Africa emblematic of the connections between climate and the water-energy-food nexus. Rainfall and river flows in the region show high levels of variability across a range of spatial and temporal scales. Physical and socioeconomic exposure to climate variability and change is high, for example, the contribution of electricity produced from hydroelectric sources is over 30% in Madagascar and Zimbabwe and almost 100% in the DRC, Lesotho, Malawi, and Zambia. The region's economy is closely linked with that of the rest of the African continent and climate-sensitive food products are an important item of trade. Southern Africa's population is concentrated in regions exposed to high levels of hydro-meteorological variability, and will increase rapidly over the next four decades. The capacity to manage the effects of climate variability tends, however, to be low. Moreover, with climate change annual precipitation levels, soil moisture and runoff are likely to decrease and rising temperatures will increase evaporative demand. Despite high levels of hydro-meteorological variability, the sectoral and cross-sectoral water-energy-food linkages with climate in Southern Africa have not been considered in detail. Lack of data and questionable reliability are compounded by complex dynamic relationships. We review the role of climate in Southern Africa's nexus, complemented by empirical analysis of national level data on climate, water resources, crop and energy production, and economic activity. Our aim is to examine the role of climate variability as a driver of production fluctuations in the nexus, and to improve understanding of the magnitude and temporal dimensions of their interactions. We first consider national level exposure of food, water and energy production to climate in aggregate economic terms and then examine the linkages between interannual and multi-year climate variability and economic activity, focusing on food and

RELACIONES CONFLICTIVAS ENTRE LA IGLESIA Y LA SOCIEDAD EN COLOMBIA: EL MOTÍN POPULAR CONTRA EL ARZOBISPO DE CARTAGENA EN 1910

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jairo Álvarez Jiménez

2013-12-01

Full Text Available En diciembre de 1910, en Cartagena, ciudad-puerto importante del norte colombiano, se llevaron a cabo una serie de motines durante tres días que condujeron finalmente a la expulsión del arzobispo local, por su decisión de vender las propiedades de la iglesia a una compañía norteamericana. En este artículo se estudia la protesta con el fin de entender las relaciones conflictivas que se presentaban entre la sociedad, los entes políticos y la Iglesia Católica como institución en la Costa Caribe colombiana. Para entender este levantamiento popular se plantea que a los sentimientos anti-imperialistas que afloraron en medio de las manifestaciones, debemos agregarle las posturas críticas que existían en la sociedad local frente al poderío económico y político del clero; así como la concepción que se tenía en la región sobre la religión, dadas las características libertarias y de irreverencia que imperaban, en medio de una comunidad signada históricamente por la diversidad cultural y por las frecuentes acciones fuera de la institucionalidad.

Source apportionment and health effect of NO_x over the Pearl River Delta region in southern China

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lu, Xingcheng; Yao, Teng; Li, Ying; Fung, Jimmy C.H.; Lau, Alexis K.H.

2016-01-01

As one of the most notorious atmospheric pollutants, NO_x not only promotes the formation of ozone but also has adverse health effects on humans. It is therefore of great importance to study the sources of NO_x and its effects on human health. The Comprehensive Air Quality Model (CAMx) modeling system and ozone source apportionment technology (OSAT) were used to study the contribution of NO_x from different emission sources over southern China. The results indicate that heavy duty diesel vehicles (HDDVs) and industrial point sources are the two major local NO_x sources, accounting for 30.8% and 18.5% of local NO_x sources, respectively. In Hong Kong, marine emissions contributed around 43.4% of local NO_x in 2011. Regional transport is another important source of this pollutant, especially in February and November, and it can contribute over 30% of ambient NO_x on average. Power plant point emission is an significant regional source in Zhuhai, Zhongshan and Foshan. The total emission sources are estimated to cause 2119 (0–4405) respiratory deaths and 991 (0–2281) lung cancer deaths due to long-term exposure to NO_x in the Pearl River Delta region. Our results suggest that local governments should combine their efforts and vigorously promote further reduction of NO_x emissions, especially for those sources that make a substantial contribution to NO_x emissions and affect human health: HDDV, LDGV, industrial point sources and marine sources. - Highlights: • WRF-CAMx modeling system with OSAT was used to study the source of NO_x over Pearl River Delta region in China. • The results indicated that local emission and regional transportation are important contributors for NO_x in this region. • Heavy duty diesel vehicle, marine emission and industrial point source are three important contribution sectors. • Long-term exposure to NO_x is estimated to cause 2119 respiratory deaths and 991 lung cancer deaths in PRD during 2011. - Result indicated that heavy duty

21st Century African Philosophy of Adult and Human Resource Education in Southern Africa

Science.gov (United States)

Mutamba, Charlene

2012-01-01

This paper will attempt to define a philosophy of adult education for the purpose of workforce development in Southern Africa. The different influences such as Ubuntu and communalism, indigenous education, diversity western philosophy, globalization and technology are explored in the context of the Southern African region.

Return levels of temperature extremes in southern Pakistan

Science.gov (United States)

Zahid, Maida; Blender, Richard; Lucarini, Valerio; Caterina Bramati, Maria

2017-12-01

Southern Pakistan (Sindh) is one of the hottest regions in the world and is highly vulnerable to temperature extremes. In order to improve rural and urban planning, it is useful to gather information about the recurrence of temperature extremes. In this work, return levels of the daily maximum temperature Tmax are estimated, as well as the daily maximum wet-bulb temperature TWmax extremes. We adopt the peaks over threshold (POT) method, which has not yet been used for similar studies in this region. Two main datasets are analyzed: temperatures observed at nine meteorological stations in southern Pakistan from 1980 to 2013, and the ERA-Interim (ECMWF reanalysis) data for the nearest corresponding locations. The analysis provides the 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, and 100-year return levels (RLs) of temperature extremes. The 90 % quantile is found to be a suitable threshold for all stations. We find that the RLs of the observed Tmax are above 50 °C at northern stations and above 45 °C at the southern stations. The RLs of the observed TWmax exceed 35 °C in the region, which is considered as a limit of survivability. The RLs estimated from the ERA-Interim data are lower by 3 to 5 °C than the RLs assessed for the nine meteorological stations. A simple bias correction applied to ERA-Interim data improves the RLs remarkably, yet discrepancies are still present. The results have potential implications for the risk assessment of extreme temperatures in Sindh.

Conservation and Environmental Education in Southern Appalachian Schools. A Report of a Needs Assessment.

Science.gov (United States)

Bousquet, Woodward S.; Jarvis, Ralph W.

An assessment of conservation and environmental education needs in southern Appalachian schools is provided in this survey. Superintendents of school districts and teachers within the southern Appalachian region responded to a questionnaire which was designed to determine: (1) the current status of conservation and environmental education; (2)…

Stress- and Structure-Induced Anisotropy in Southern California From Two Decades of Shear Wave Splitting Measurements

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Zefeng; Peng, Zhigang

2017-10-01

We measure shear wave splitting (SWS) parameters (i.e., fast direction and delay time) using 330,000 local earthquakes recorded by more than 400 stations of the Southern California Seismic Network (1995-2014). The resulting 232,000 SWS measurements (90,000 high-quality ones) provide a uniform and comprehensive database of local SWS measurements in Southern California. The fast directions at many stations are consistent with regional maximum compressional stress σHmax. However, several regions show clear deviations from the σHmax directions. These include linear sections along the San Andreas Fault and the Santa Ynez Fault, geological blocks NW to the Los Angeles Basin, regions around the San Jacinto Fault, the Peninsular Ranges near San Diego, and the Coso volcanic field. These complex patterns show that regional stresses and active faults cannot adequately explain the upper crustal anisotropy in Southern California. Other types of local structures, such as local rock types or tectonic features, also play significant roles.

Climate Change Amplifications of Climate-Fire Teleconnections in the Southern Hemisphere

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Mariani, Michela; Holz, Andrés.; Veblen, Thomas T.; Williamson, Grant; Fletcher, Michael-Shawn; Bowman, David M. J. S.

2018-05-01

Recent changes in trend and variability of the main Southern Hemisphere climate modes are driven by a variety of factors, including increasing atmospheric greenhouse gases, changes in tropical sea surface temperature, and stratospheric ozone depletion and recovery. One of the most important implications for climatic change is its effect via climate teleconnections on natural ecosystems, water security, and fire variability in proximity to populated areas, thus threatening human lives and properties. Only sparse and fragmentary knowledge of relationships between teleconnections, lightning strikes, and fire is available during the observed record within the Southern Hemisphere. This constitutes a major knowledge gap for undertaking suitable management and conservation plans. Our analysis of documentary fire records from Mediterranean and temperate regions across the Southern Hemisphere reveals a critical increased strength of climate-fire teleconnections during the onset of the 21st century including a tight coupling between lightning-ignited fire occurrences, the upward trend in the Southern Annular Mode, and rising temperatures across the Southern Hemisphere.

Costos de neumonia nosocomial en una unidad de cuidados intensivos en Cartagena, Colombia

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Arnaldo Sanmartin-Ávila

Full Text Available Resumen Objetivo: Estimar el exceso de costos directos de atención atribuible a la neumonía asociada a ventilador mecánico en una unidad de cuidados intensivos de adultos en la ciudad de Cartagena durante los años 2009 al 2014. Material y Método: Se plantea un estudio de evaluación económica parcial centrado en el análisis de costos directos de atención contrastando los escenarios de neumonía asociada a ventilador mecánico versus los escenarios sin neumonía asociada a ventilador mecánico. La población de estudio la constituye 23 pacientes con neumonía asociada a ventilador mecánico. Del mismo modo, se tomaron 46 controles. La información correspondiente a los costos directos se obtuvo a través del departamento de costos de la institución hospitalaria. Se estimó la razón de costos que permite establecer el exceso de costo atribuible a la enfermedad nosocomial. Resultados: La estancia promedio en los casos fue de 47 días mientras que en los controles fue de 9 días. El costo promedio de un caso de neumonía asociada a ventilador mecánico fue de US$ 44.354 mientras que el de un control fue de US$ 5.037. Discusión: El exceso de costo promedio total así como el incurrido en antibióticos y en estancia resultan ser mucho más altos que los encontrados en otros estudios realizados. Conclusiones: Un caso de neumonía asociada a ventilador mecánico cuesta 10 veces más con respecto a los medicamentos y 8 veces más con relación a exámenes de laboratorio se insumos. La estancia resulta ser 6,6 veces más costosa que cuando no se presenta esta patología. El costo que se asume en antibióticos es 7,8 veces más alto. Los casos de neumonía asociada a ventilador mecánico cuestan en promedio 8,8 veces más que los controles.

Hemoglobinopathy: molecular epidemiological characteristics and health effects on Hakka people in the Meizhou region, southern China.

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Min Lin

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Hemoglobinopathies are the most common inherited diseases in southern China. However, there have been only a few epidemiological studies of hemoglobinopathies in Guangdong province. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Peripheral blood samples were collected from 15299 "healthy" unrelated subjects of dominantly ethnic Hakka in the Meizhou region, on which hemoglobin electrophoresis and routine blood tests were performed. Suspected cases with hemoglobin variants and hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH were further characterized by PCR, DNA sequencing, reverse dot blot (RDB or multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA. In addition, 1743 samples were randomly selected from the 15299 subjects for thalassemia screening, and suspected thalassemia carriers were identified by PCR and RDB. RESULTS: The gene frequency of hemoglobin variants was 0.477% (73/15299. The five main subgroups of the ten hemoglobin variants were Hb E, Hb G-Chinese, Hb Q-Tahiland, Hb New York and Hb J-Bangkok. 277 cases (15.89%, 277/1743 of suspected thalassemia carriers with microcytosis (MCV<82 fl were found by thalassemia screening, and were tested by a RDB gene chip to reveal a total of 196 mutant chromosomes: including 124 α-thalassemia mutant chromosomes and 72 β-thalassemia mutant chromosomes. These results give a heterozygote frequency of 11.24% for common α and β thalassemia in the Hakka population in the Meizhou region. 3 cases of HPFH/δβ-thalassemia were found, including 2 cases of Vietnamese HPFH (FPFH-7 and a rare Belgian( Gγ((Aγδβ⁰-thalassemia identified in Chinese. CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide a detailed prevalence and molecular characterization of hemoglobinopathies in Hakka people of the Meizhou region. The estimated numbers of pregnancies each year in the Meizhou region, in which the fetus would be at risk for β thalassemia major or intermedia, Bart's hydrops fetalis, and Hb H disease, are 25 (95% CI, 15 to 38, 40 (95% CI

Hemoglobinopathy: Molecular Epidemiological Characteristics and Health Effects on Hakka People in the Meizhou Region, Southern China

Science.gov (United States)

Lin, Min; Wen, Ying-Fang; Wu, Jiao-Ren; Wang, Qian; Zheng, Lei; Liu, Gui-Rong; Huang, Yue; Yang, Hui; Lin, Fen; Zhan, Xiao-Fen; Lin, Chun-Ping; Yang, Hui-Tian; Weng, Qiu-Qing; Huang, Fen-Ting; Wang, Yuan; Yao, Mei-Qiong; Chen, Hui-Zhou; Wu, Di-Hong; Zeng, Jing-Bo; Zeng, Ri-Xin; Yang, Hua; Li, Gui-Cai; Lu, Min; Zhu, Juan-Juan; Xie, Long-Xu; Wang, Jun-Li; Yang, Li-Ye

2013-01-01

Background Hemoglobinopathies are the most common inherited diseases in southern China. However, there have been only a few epidemiological studies of hemoglobinopathies in Guangdong province. Materials and Methods Peripheral blood samples were collected from 15299 “healthy” unrelated subjects of dominantly ethnic Hakka in the Meizhou region, on which hemoglobin electrophoresis and routine blood tests were performed. Suspected cases with hemoglobin variants and hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH) were further characterized by PCR, DNA sequencing, reverse dot blot (RDB) or multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). In addition, 1743 samples were randomly selected from the 15299 subjects for thalassemia screening, and suspected thalassemia carriers were identified by PCR and RDB. Results The gene frequency of hemoglobin variants was 0.477% (73/15299). The five main subgroups of the ten hemoglobin variants were Hb E, Hb G-Chinese, Hb Q-Tahiland, Hb New York and Hb J-Bangkok. 277 cases (15.89%, 277/1743) of suspected thalassemia carriers with microcytosis (MCVthalassemia screening, and were tested by a RDB gene chip to reveal a total of 196 mutant chromosomes: including 124 α-thalassemia mutant chromosomes and 72 β-thalassemia mutant chromosomes. These results give a heterozygote frequency of 11.24% for common α and β thalassemia in the Hakka population in the Meizhou region. 3 cases of HPFH/δβ-thalassemia were found, including 2 cases of Vietnamese HPFH (FPFH-7) and a rare Belgian Gγ(Aγδβ)0–thalassemia identified in Chinese. Conclusions Our results provide a detailed prevalence and molecular characterization of hemoglobinopathies in Hakka people of the Meizhou region. The estimated numbers of pregnancies each year in the Meizhou region, in which the fetus would be at risk for β thalassemia major or intermedia, Bart’s hydrops fetalis, and Hb H disease, are 25 (95% CI, 15 to 38), 40 (95% CI, 26 to 57), and 15 (95% CI, 8 to

Migration and gender wage gap in the southern region of Brazil

OpenAIRE

Karla Cristina Tyskowski Teodoro Rodrigues; Solange Cassia Inforzato de Souza; Flavio Kaue Fiuza-Moura; Katy Maia

2016-01-01

This paper analyzes the wage gap according to migration status and gender of the labor force of the southern states of Brazil (Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul). We used data from the National Household Sample Survey – 2013, Mincer equations, Heckman procedure for sample selection bias and the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition analysis. The results show that the state of Paraná has greater relative share of migrants from the South, followed by Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul. The ...

Characteristics of southern California atmospheric rivers

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Harris, Sarah M.; Carvalho, Leila M. V.

2018-05-01

Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are channels of high water vapor flux that transport moisture from low to higher latitudes on synoptic timescales. In areas of topographical variability, ARs may lead to high-intensity precipitation due to orographic forcing. ARs landfalling along North America's west coast are linked to extreme events including those leading to flooding and landslides. In southern California (SCA), proper AR forecasting is important for regional water resources as well as hazard mitigation and as the area's annual precipitation totals occur from relatively few storms per season, any changes to storm frequency and/or intensity may have dramatic consequences. Yet, as most regional AR studies focus on the Pacific Northwest, there is little information about SCA ARs. We develop an algorithm to identify ARs landfalling on North America's west coast between 1979 and 2013 within total precipitable water reanalysis fields. ARs are then categorized according to landfall region. To determine and differentiate the characteristics and spatial distributions of ARs affecting these areas, we examine lag composites of various atmospheric variables for each landfall region. SCA ARs differ from ARs landfalling farther north in the days prior to landfall with the position and amplitude of a trough offshore from the Asian continent and ridge over Alaska, as well as the displacement and eastward extension of the jet core that potentially guides AR moisture southwards. The relationships between AR landfalls and the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO), and the Pacific/North American Teleconnection Pattern (PNA) are also investigated.

Isotope and hydrogeochemical studies of southern Jiangxi geothermal systems, China

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhou Wenbin; Li Xueli; Shi Weijun; Sun Zhanxue

1999-01-01

Southern Jiangxi is a geothermally active region, especially in Hengjing area. According to the work plan of IAEA Regional Collaboration in the Development of Geothermal Energy Resources and Environment Management through Isotope Techniques in East Asia and the Pacific (RAS-8-075), field investigation was carried out in Hengjing, southern Jiangxi Province, to demonstrate the use of isotope and geochemical techniques in low to medium temperature geothermal system. During the field investigation, 19 samples were taken from cold springs, hot springs and surface water in the area to determine their hydrochemical and gas compositions, hydrogen, oxygen, carbon and helium isotopes. The results of the study have shown that the geothermal waters in the studying region are of the same characteristics with the local meteoric water in oxygen and hydrogen isotope composition, indicating the geothermal waters are mainly derived from the local precipitation, while the gas composition and carbon and helium isotopes reveal that some gases in the geothermal waters have mantle origin. (author)

Cost of Conflicts in the Common Market for Eastern and Southern ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

The Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) aims to promote social and economic development in the region. Conflicts, particularly in the area of the Great Lakes, are adversely affecting the regional integration agenda, although their actual costs have yet to be assessed. This grant will support the ...

Niveles de alergenos de ácaros en el polvo de habitación en Cartagena, Colombia

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Dilia Mercado

1996-12-01

Full Text Available Se investigó la cantidad de alergenos derivados de los ácaros Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides faringe y Blomia tropicalis en el polvo de habitación de 20 casas de pacientes con asma iléigica inducida por ácaros domésticos. Las muestras se recolectaron en Cartagena, mensualmente durante un año, utilizando una aspiradora portátil modificada en el extremo succionador. Los niveles de alergenos Derp 1 y Der f 1 se determinaron mediante un inmunoensayo con anticuerpos monoclonales. La cuantificación de los alergenos totales de B. tropicalis y D. pteronyssinus se realizó mediante un ensayo de inhibición del RAST. En el polvo de colchón, el nivel más alto del alergeno Derp 1 fue 109,49 ng/g de polvo, detectado en agosto. Este nivel fue superior al doble del nivel inferior (50,3 nglg detectado en noviembre. Der f 1 se encontró solamente en tres muestras de polvo de piso. Los niveles promedio más altos de los alergenos totales de D. pteronyssinus, en el polvo de colchón, se ObSe~aron entre mayo y agosto; los niveles más bajos se presentaron entre diciembre y abril. Los niveles promedio más altos de alergenos de B. tropicalis, en el polvo de colchón, se detectaron en junio, julio y agosto, el nivel promedio más bajo se presentó en septiembre. Los niveles de alergenos en el polvo del colchón se correlacionaron con los niveles en el polvo del piso, pero, fueron significativamente más altos que éstos (p

Seismic studies in the southern Puna plateau and the Peruvian Andes

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Calixto Mory, Frank Jimmy

I present three studies in two regions, both within the Central Andes. In both regions it is clear that there are significant variations in the subduction geometry. I have used surface wave tomography to investigate the shear wave velocity structure beneath the southern Puna plateau and found evidence of widespread melting of the crust beneath the high elevations which correlates with a gap in intermediate depth seismicity and the recent eruptions of ignimbrite complexes. All of these observations can be explained by the delamination of the lithospheric mantle beneath it. I measured Rayleigh wave phase velocities as a function of frequency and inverted then to obtain shear wave velocities as a function of depth. The results show a high velocity body sitting above the subducting Nazca plate beneath the northern edge of the Cerro Galan ignimbrite. This high velocity body is interpreted to be the delaminated piece of lithosphere that detached and sank leading to a localized upwelling of asthenosphere that, in turn, caused widespread crustal melting leading to the eruption of the most recent ignimbrite complexes. Furthermore it is possible that this upwelling also thermally eroded the slab in this region. It is apparent that there is a significant slab gap or hole where there are very few intermediate depth earthquakes. In addition, I have used shear wave splitting analysis and shear wave splitting tomography in the southern Puna plateau to investigate the patterns of seismic anisotropy and mantle flow. The results show very complex shear wave splitting and seismic anisotropy patterns throughout the southern Puna plateau. The observations suggest that different mechanisms are driving the mantle flow from region to region. The subslab mantle outside the region where delamination took place is mostly driven by slab roll back and small degree of coupling between the subducting slab and the mantle below it. In the region apparently dominated by delamination, the subslab

SAFARI 2000 Estimated BVOC Emissions for Southern African Land Cover Types

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration — ABSTRACT: Improved vegetation distribution and emission data for Africa south of the equator were developed for the Southern African Regional Science Initiative...

Effects of sucrose concentration and growth regulators on the in vitro tuberization of Diocorea alata L. var Cartagena

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Maylen García Corria

2004-10-01

Full Text Available Among the species of Dioscorea which tubers are used as human food, D. alata L. is one of the most productive and important economically. In this work the effect of sucrose (0, 2, 4, 6, 8,10% and growth regulators concentration (ANA 0, 0.27, 2.7, 27, 54 μM y 6-BAP 0, 0.22, 2.2, 22, 44 μM on in vitro tuberization of yam (Dioscorea alata L. var. Cartagena were evaluated. The nodal segments were established in a MS culture medium supplemented with thiamine 1mg.l-1, myo-inositol 100 mg.l-1, L-cysteine 20 mg.l-1, agar 6 %. The pH was adjusted to 5.7. The cultures were kept under conditions of artificial light (37μM.m-2.s-1. The sucrose concentrations 6 and 8 % favored the production of major number of microtubers and of a lager size compared to the lower concentrations (0, 2 ,4%. The weight of the microtubers increased with the increasing of the concentrations of sucrose and declined with the highest concentration used (10%. The same trend was observed in the total tuber biomass. On the other hand, an evolvement in size and the total tuber biomass on microtuber was observed at highest concentrations of ANA tested (27 y 54 μM. Both, the number and weight of microtubers declined when high concentrations of 6-BAP in the culture medium were used (2.2, 22 y 44. Key words: microtuberization, tissue culture, yam

The Southern and Eastern Africa Consortium for Monitoring Educational Quality. Assessment GEMs No. 8

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Australian Council for Educational Research, 2015

2015-01-01

The Southern and Eastern Africa Consortium for Monitoring Educational Quality (SACMEQ) carries out large-scale cross-national research studies in member countries in the Southern and Eastern Africa region. It aims to assess the conditions of schooling and performance levels of learners and teachers in the areas of literacy and numeracy. SACMEQ has…

Low blood lead levels impair intellectual and hematological function in children from Cartagena, Caribbean coast of Colombia.

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Alvarez-Ortega, Neda; Caballero-Gallardo, Karina; Olivero-Verbel, Jesus

2017-12-01

Lead produces numerous biochemical and physiological changes in humans, including hematological disorders, toxic effects on the central nervous system and in the function of several organs. The aim of this study was to determine blood lead levels (BLL) in children from Cartagena, Colombia, associating those with hematological and liver damage markers, the intelligence quotient (IQ), as well as with gene expression of the aminolevulinate dehydratase (ALAD), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), gamma interferon (INF-γ), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and tumor protein (p53). To achieve this purpose, 118 blood samples were collected from children 5-16 years old, with their respective informed consent from their parents. BLL was measured by atomic absorption; hematological parameters were obtained with automated systems; plasma was utilized to analyze hepatic toxicity markers, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP); the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test (K-BIT) was administered to measure the IQ; and gene expression was quantified from blood RNA. The mean BLL was 1.7±0.3μg/dL. A low proportion of the children (3.4%) had BLL above the CDC recommended limit (5μg/dL). BLL were correlated weakly, but negatively with child age, weight, height, body mass index, platelets wide distribution, mean platelet volume, γ-GT and IQ. There were not significant changes in the expression of evaluated genes. These results support the hypothesis that BLL below 5μg/dL may still be a detrimental factor on children's cognitive abilities, development and hematology, in line with recent concerns that there is no safe level of pediatric lead exposure. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Towards a regional electricity market in Southeast Europe

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ichord, R.F. Jr.

2002-01-01

Historical evolution of the region's electric power policy is overviewed. The regional characteristics of Southern Europe's electric power market are summarized. The reform indicators of the region's electricity markets are discussed. The status of privatization is presented. Factors in developing regional electricity market are considered. (R.P.)

Southern Africa’s Transnational Threats

Science.gov (United States)

2013-04-01

private sectors lends evidence to sophisticated criminal activities.”5 As regional organizations contemplated on how to prevent and/or deter these crimes...distribution of Cannabis (also known as marijuana) is prevalent throughout Southern Africa. In most incidences, Cannabis profits dwarfs local income...had its source in Tanzania and Tanzanians have identified markets for their fake US dollars in South Africa. Cannabis South Africa, Lesotho

Environmental forcing and Southern Ocean marine predator populations: effects of climate change and variability.

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Trathan, P N; Forcada, J; Murphy, E J

2007-12-29

The Southern Ocean is a major component within the global ocean and climate system and potentially the location where the most rapid climate change is most likely to happen, particularly in the high-latitude polar regions. In these regions, even small temperature changes can potentially lead to major environmental perturbations. Climate change is likely to be regional and may be expressed in various ways, including alterations to climate and weather patterns across a variety of time-scales that include changes to the long interdecadal background signals such as the development of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Oscillating climate signals such as ENSO potentially provide a unique opportunity to explore how biological communities respond to change. This approach is based on the premise that biological responses to shorter-term sub-decadal climate variability signals are potentially the best predictor of biological responses over longer time-scales. Around the Southern Ocean, marine predator populations show periodicity in breeding performance and productivity, with relationships with the environment driven by physical forcing from the ENSO region in the Pacific. Wherever examined, these relationships are congruent with mid-trophic-level processes that are also correlated with environmental variability. The short-term changes to ecosystem structure and function observed during ENSO events herald potential long-term changes that may ensue following regional climate change. For example, in the South Atlantic, failure of Antarctic krill recruitment will inevitably foreshadow recruitment failures in a range of higher trophic-level marine predators. Where predator species are not able to accommodate by switching to other prey species, population-level changes will follow. The Southern Ocean, though oceanographically interconnected, is not a single ecosystem and different areas are dominated by different food webs. Where species occupy different positions in

Naphthalene distributions and human exposure in Southern California

Science.gov (United States)

Lu, Rong; Wu, Jun; Turco, Richard P.; Winer, Arthur M.; Atkinson, Roger; Arey, Janet; Paulson, Suzanne E.; Lurmann, Fred W.; Miguel, Antonio H.; Eiguren-Fernandez, Arantzazu

The regional distribution of, and human exposure to, naphthalene are investigated for Southern California. A comprehensive approach is taken in which advanced models are linked for the first time to quantify population exposure to the emissions of naphthalene throughout Southern California. Naphthalene is the simplest and most abundant of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons found in polluted urban environments, and has been detected in both outdoor and indoor air samples. Exposure to high concentrations of naphthalene may have adverse health effects, possibly causing cancer in humans. Among the significant emission sources are volatilization from naphthalene-containing products, petroleum refining, and combustion of fossil fuels and wood. Gasoline and diesel engine exhaust, with related vaporization from fuels, are found to contribute roughly half of the daily total naphthalene burden in Southern California. As part of this study, the emission inventory for naphthalene has been verified against new field measurements of the naphthalene-to-benzene ratio in a busy traffic tunnel in Los Angeles, supporting the modeling work carried out here. The Surface Meteorology and Ozone Generation (SMOG) airshed model is used to compute the spatial and temporal distributions of naphthalene and its photooxidation products in Southern California. The present simulations reveal a high degree of spatial variability in the concentrations of naphthalene-related species, with large diurnal and seasonal variations as well. Peak naphthalene concentrations are estimated to occur in the early morning hours in the winter season. The naphthalene concentration estimates obtained from the SMOG model are employed in the Regional Human Exposure (REHEX) model to calculate population exposure statistics. Results show average hourly naphthalene exposures in Southern California under summer and winter conditions of 270 and 430 ng m -3, respectively. Exposure to significantly higher concentrations

Pteropods in Southern Ocean ecosystems

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Hunt, B. P. V.; Pakhomov, E. A.; Hosie, G. W.; Siegel, V.; Ward, P.; Bernard, K.

2008-09-01

contribute significantly to organic carbon flux through the production of fast sinking faecal pellets and mucous flocs, and rapid sinking of dead animals ballasted by their aragonite shells. Quantification of these contributions requires data on mucous web production rates, egestion rates, assimilation efficiencies, metabolic rates, and faecal pellet morphology for application to sediment trap studies. Based on the available data, pteropods are regionally significant components of the Southern Ocean pelagic ecosystem. However, there is an urgent need for focused research on this group in order to quantify how a decline in pteropod densities may impact on Southern Ocean ecosystems.

Dynamics of Lithospheric Extension and Residual Topography in Southern Tibet

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Chen, B.; Shahnas, M. H.; Pysklywec, R.; Sengul Uluocak, E.

2017-12-01

Although the north-south (N-S) convergence between India and Eurasia is ongoing, a number of north-south trending rifts (e.g., Tangra Yum Co Rift, Yadong-Gulu Rift and Cona Rift) and normal faulting are observed at the surface of southern Tibet, suggesting an east-west (E-W) extension tectonic regime. The earthquake focal mechanisms also show that deformation of southern Tibet is dominated by E-W extension across these N-S trending rifts. Because the structure of the lithosphere and underlying mantle is poorly understood, the origin of the east-west extension of southern Tibet is still under debate. Gravitational collapse, oblique convergence, and mantle upwelling are among possible responsible mechanisms. We employ a 3D-spherical control volume model of the present-day mantle flow to understand the relationship between topographic features (e.g., rifts and the west-east extension), intermediate-depth earthquakes, and tectonic stresses induced by mantle flow beneath the region. The thermal structure of the mantle and crust is obtained from P and S-wave seismic inversions and heat flow data. Power-law creep with viscous-plastic rheology, describing the behavior of the lithosphere and mantle material is employed. We determine the models which can best reconcile the observed features of southern Tibet including surface heat flow, residual topography with uplift and subsidence, reported GPS rates of the vertical movements, and the earthquake events. The 3D geodynamic modeling of the contemporary mantle flow-lithospheric response quantifies the relative importance of the various proposed mechanism responsible for the E-W extension and deep earthquakes in southern Tibet. The results also have further implications for the magmatic activities and crustal rheology of the region.

The networks of prostitution in the Spain of the 19th century. The city of Cartagena in the beginnings of the Restoration

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Pedro María EGEA BRUNO

2011-04-01

Full Text Available The regulation of the «old trade» was assumed during the 19th century by the local and provincial authorities. The surveillance on that group spread with particular emphasis during the period of the Restoration. Medical and police control, had become a way to discipline women and to control dangerous classes. The figure of the prostitute was, then, supported by the established power. Cartagena —military port and working nucleus— emerges as a pioneering model in such an intervention, when the profession was regulated in 1874 and it was established the register of prostitutes. The source gives us a whole series of considerations: the development in the family area, structure of the brothels, urban geography of the activity and the Spanish prostitution network connections. Other variables of interest are: marital status and age, while the previous occupation indicates us the majority presence of the popular classes. Anthometric parameters are also included from height to the eyes colour, appearing scars, which indicate violence of genre. The last point includes personal problems, which allows understanding their decisions and their experiences in life. Selling their bodies was the only possible option for many of them to face up misery. Genre and classes agreed in that exploitation.  

Numerical simulation of surface solar radiation over Southern Africa. Part 1: Evaluation of regional and global climate models

Science.gov (United States)

Tang, Chao; Morel, Béatrice; Wild, Martin; Pohl, Benjamin; Abiodun, Babatunde; Bessafi, Miloud

2018-02-01

This study evaluates the performance of climate models in reproducing surface solar radiation (SSR) over Southern Africa (SA) by validating five Regional Climate Models (RCM, including CCLM4, HIRHAM5, RACMO22T, RCA4 and REMO2009) that participated in the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment program over Africa (CORDEX-Africa) along with their ten driving General Circulation Models (GCMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 over SA. The model simulated SSR was thereby compared to reference data from ground-based measurements, satellite-derived products and reanalyses over the period 1990-2005. Results show that (1) the references obtained from satellite retrievals and reanalyses overall overestimate SSR by up to 10 W/m2 on average when compared to ground-based measurements from the Global Energy Balance Archive, which are located mainly over the eastern part of the southern African continent. (2) Compared to one of the satellite products (Surface Solar Radiation Data Set—Heliosat Edition 2; SARAH-2): GCMs overestimate SSR over SA in terms of their multi-model mean by about 1 W/m2 (compensation of opposite biases over sub-regions) and 7.5 W/m2 in austral summer and winter respectively; RCMs driven by GCMs show in their multimodel mean underestimations of SSR in both seasons with Mean Bias Errors (MBEs) of about - 30 W/m2 in austral summer and about - 14 W/m2 in winter compared to SARAH-2. This multi-model mean low bias is dominated by the simulations of the CCLM4, with negative biases up to - 76 W/m2 in summer and - 32 W/m2 in winter. (3) The discrepancies in the simulated SSR over SA are larger in the RCMs than in the GCMs. (4) In terms of trend during the "brightening" period 1990-2005, both GCMs and RCMs (driven by European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis ERA-Interim, short as ERAINT and GCMs) simulate an SSR trend of less than 1 W/m2 per decade. However, variations of SSR trend exist among different references data

SAFARI 2000 Estimated BVOC Emissions for Southern African Land Cover Types

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — Improved vegetation distribution and emission data for Africa south of the equator were developed for the Southern African Regional Science Initiative (SAFARI 2000)...

Assessment of the potential of state-of-the-art biomass technologies in contributing to a sustainable SADC regional mitigation energy scenario[Southern African Development Community

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yamba, F.D.; Matsika, E. [Centre for Energy, Environment and Engineering Zambia, Lusaka (Zambia)

2003-09-01

Southern Africa's energy supply is based on power sector collaboration - the Southern African Power Pool (SAPP). SAPP was created in 1995 through an inter-utility memorandum of understanding among 12 of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) utilities including Congo DR. The aims of SAPP are: To increase regional security of supply; To smoothen load curves; To engender economies of scale in the supply base; To increase revenue for exporting countries by opening up a ready market; To share power to meet national shortfalls and to off set temporary deficits in the medium term, and in the long term to adopt and implement power sharing as an operational strategy aimed at maximising financial and environmental benefits. Currently, SAPP has an operational installed capacity of 45.000 MW, of which 84% is thermal, predominantly coal based, which represents 79% of the total supply. 16% of the total SAPP interconnected supply is hydro, while the contribution from biomass is currently non-existent. The sugar industry in Southern Africa can significantly alter this picture. Increased competitive pressures serve as economic incentives for the sugar industry to diversify their product portfolio by investing in renewable energy applications. Of the new state-of-the-art biomass based technologies available Condensing Extraction Steam Turbine (CEST) is the most promising. Application of CEST technologies in Southern Africa will modestly contribute towards a sustainable energy supply mitigation scenario. If implemented, the contribution of bioenergy will increase from 0.5% for the baseline situation, to 2.5% in 2030 and 3.0% in 2050. This scenario will also yield global environmental benefits potential through saving of GHG reductions to 14 million tonnes CO{sub 2} in 2030 and 20 million tonnes CO{sub 2} in 2050. Furthermore, this paper produces a monogram which will assist investors in making decisions whether to invest in the Kyoto Protocols Clean Development

Detection and molecular characterization of Babesia, Theileria, and Hepatozoon species in hard ticks collected from Kagoshima, the southern region in Japan.

Science.gov (United States)

Masatani, Tatsunori; Hayashi, Kei; Andoh, Masako; Tateno, Morihiro; Endo, Yasuyuki; Asada, Masahito; Kusakisako, Kodai; Tanaka, Tetsuya; Gokuden, Mutsuyo; Hozumi, Nodoka; Nakadohzono, Fumiko; Matsuo, Tomohide

2017-06-01

To reveal the distribution of tick-borne parasites, we established a novel nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system to detect the most common agents of tick-borne parasitic diseases, namely Babesia, Theileria, and Hepatozoon parasites. We collected host-seeking or animal-feeding ticks in Kagoshima Prefecture, the southernmost region of Kyusyu Island in southwestern Japan. Twenty of the total of 776 tick samples displayed a specific band of the appropriate size (approximately 1.4-1.6kbp) for the 18S rRNA genes in the novel nested PCR (20/776: 2.58%). These PCR products have individual sequences of Babesia spp. (from 8 ticks), Theileria spp. (from 9 ticks: one tick sample including at least two Theileria spp. sequences), and Hepatozoon spp. (from 3 ticks). Phylogenetic analyses revealed that these sequences were close to those of undescribed Babesia spp. detected in feral raccoons in Japan (5 sequences; 3 sequences being identical), Babesia gibsoni-like parasites detected in pigs in China (3 sequences; all sequences being identical), Theileria spp. detected in sika deer in Japan and China (10 sequences; 2 sequences being identical), Hepatozoon canis (one sequence), and Hepatozoon spp. detected in Japanese martens in Japan (two sequences). In summary, we showed that various tick-borne parasites exist in Kagoshima, the southern region in Japan by using the novel nested PCR system. These including undescribed species such as Babesia gibsoni-like parasites previously detected in pigs in China. Importantly, our results revealed new combinations of ticks and protozoan parasites in southern Japan. The results of this study will aid in the recognition of potential parasitic animal diseases caused by tick-borne parasites. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

The Prevalence of Hepatitis B (Australia) Antigen in Southern Mrica

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Bushmen) or rural Blacks indicated that geographical environment might be one of the factors influencing antigenaemia in healthy persons. The prevalence was highest in persons originating from the west coast regions of Southern Africa, ...

Evaluation of PMIP2 and PMIP3 simulations of mid-Holocene climate in the Indo-Pacific, Australasian and Southern Ocean regions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

D. Ackerley

2017-11-01

Full Text Available This study uses the simplified patterns of temperature and effective precipitation approach from the Australian component of the international palaeoclimate synthesis effort (INTegration of Ice core, MArine and TErrestrial records – OZ-INTIMATE to compare atmosphere–ocean general circulation model (AOGCM simulations and proxy reconstructions. The approach is used in order to identify important properties (e.g. circulation and precipitation of past climatic states from the models and proxies, which is a primary objective of the Southern Hemisphere Assessment of PalaeoEnvironment (SHAPE initiative. The AOGCM data are taken from the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP mid-Holocene (ca. 6000 years before present, 6 ka and pre-industrial control (ca. 1750 CE, 0 ka experiments. The synthesis presented here shows that the models and proxies agree on the differences in climate state for 6 ka relative to 0 ka, when they are insolation driven. The largest uncertainty between the models and the proxies occurs over the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool (IPWP. The analysis shows that the lower temperatures in the Pacific at around 6 ka in the models may be the result of an enhancement of an existing systematic error. It is therefore difficult to decipher which one of the proxies and/or the models is correct. This study also shows that a reduction in the Equator-to-pole temperature difference in the Southern Hemisphere causes the mid-latitude westerly wind strength to reduce in the models; however, the simulated rainfall actually increases over the southern temperate zone of Australia as a result of higher convective precipitation. Such a mechanism (increased convection may be useful for resolving disparities between different regional proxy records and model simulations. Finally, after assessing the available datasets (model and proxy, opportunities for better model–proxy integrated research are discussed.

Evaluation of PMIP2 and PMIP3 simulations of mid-Holocene climate in the Indo-Pacific, Australasian and Southern Ocean regions

Science.gov (United States)

Ackerley, Duncan; Reeves, Jessica; Barr, Cameron; Bostock, Helen; Fitzsimmons, Kathryn; Fletcher, Michael-Shawn; Gouramanis, Chris; McGregor, Helen; Mooney, Scott; Phipps, Steven J.; Tibby, John; Tyler, Jonathan

2017-11-01

This study uses the simplified patterns of temperature and effective precipitation approach from the Australian component of the international palaeoclimate synthesis effort (INTegration of Ice core, MArine and TErrestrial records - OZ-INTIMATE) to compare atmosphere-ocean general circulation model (AOGCM) simulations and proxy reconstructions. The approach is used in order to identify important properties (e.g. circulation and precipitation) of past climatic states from the models and proxies, which is a primary objective of the Southern Hemisphere Assessment of PalaeoEnvironment (SHAPE) initiative. The AOGCM data are taken from the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP) mid-Holocene (ca. 6000 years before present, 6 ka) and pre-industrial control (ca. 1750 CE, 0 ka) experiments. The synthesis presented here shows that the models and proxies agree on the differences in climate state for 6 ka relative to 0 ka, when they are insolation driven. The largest uncertainty between the models and the proxies occurs over the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool (IPWP). The analysis shows that the lower temperatures in the Pacific at around 6 ka in the models may be the result of an enhancement of an existing systematic error. It is therefore difficult to decipher which one of the proxies and/or the models is correct. This study also shows that a reduction in the Equator-to-pole temperature difference in the Southern Hemisphere causes the mid-latitude westerly wind strength to reduce in the models; however, the simulated rainfall actually increases over the southern temperate zone of Australia as a result of higher convective precipitation. Such a mechanism (increased convection) may be useful for resolving disparities between different regional proxy records and model simulations. Finally, after assessing the available datasets (model and proxy), opportunities for better model-proxy integrated research are discussed.

Population structure and infectious disease risk in southern Africa.

Science.gov (United States)

Uren, Caitlin; Möller, Marlo; van Helden, Paul D; Henn, Brenna M; Hoal, Eileen G

2017-06-01

The KhoeSan populations are the earliest known indigenous inhabitants of southern Africa. The relatively recent expansion of Bantu-speaking agropastoralists, as well as European colonial settlement along the south-west coast, dramatically changed patterns of genetic diversity in a region which had been largely isolated for thousands of years. Owing to this unique history, population structure in southern Africa reflects both the underlying KhoeSan genetic diversity as well as differential recent admixture. This population structure has a wide range of biomedical and sociocultural implications; such as changes in disease risk profiles. Here, we consolidate information from various population genetic studies that characterize admixture patterns in southern Africa with an aim to better understand differences in adverse disease phenotypes observed among groups. Our review confirms that ancestry has a direct impact on an individual's immune response to infectious diseases. In addition, we emphasize the importance of collaborative research, especially for populations in southern Africa that have a high incidence of potentially fatal infectious diseases such as HIV and tuberculosis.

¿La Apoteosis de Heracles o una escena de Apobates? A propósito de una cratera de campana procedente de La Loma del Escorial de Los Nietos (Cartagena, Murcia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rodríguez Pérez, Diana

2014-12-01

Full Text Available The aim of this article is to assess the traditional iconographic identification of the obverse of a 4th century Greek bell crater from the Iberian site of La Loma del Escorial de Los Nietos (Cartagena, Murcia. The scene has been identified as an apotheosis of Heracles. Nevertheless, a detailed analysis of its iconography and of a feature neglected in the previous study of the vase by its excavators —the remains of a shield— make it possible to argue in favor of an apobates race instead —the only scene of this type attested in the Iberian Peninsula. I present here an analysis of both iconographic motifs —the apotheosis of Heracles and the apobates race— that will reveal interesting findings on the ways in which images and iconographic types acquire meaning. It also sheds light on the kind of images favored by the receptors of these vases in the Peninsula — the Iberians. An up-to-date catalogue of Attic vases depicting each theme is included.En el presente artículo se revisa la identificación iconográ- fica de la cara A de una cratera griega fragmentaria del siglo IV a.C. procedente del yacimiento ibérico de La Loma del Escorial de Los Nietos (Cartagena, Murcia. La escena se ha identificado tradicionalmente como la apoteosis de Heracles, no obstante, tras un análisis detallado de la misma, en particular del resto de un escudo previamente inadvertido que porta el personaje principal, creemos que la iconografía se corresponde con la del apobates victorioso, un unicum en la Península Ibérica. Presentamos un análisis de ambos motivos iconográficos que revelará interesantes conclusiones sobre el funcionamiento de los tipos iconográficos y mecanismos de creación de significado en la pintura de vasos de la época, así como sobre el tipo de imágenes estimadas por los receptores de esas piezas en la Península Ibérica, los íberos. Se incluye también un catálogo actualizado de los vasos áticos que portan ambos temas.

Review of occupational safety and health activities in Southern Africa funded under the DANIDA/ILO framework agreement on technical cooperation

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hasle, Peter; Jørgensen, Claus

2003-01-01

A review of occupational safety and health activities in Southern Africa (SADC region) which have been funded under the DANIDA/ILO framework agreement on technical cooperation.......A review of occupational safety and health activities in Southern Africa (SADC region) which have been funded under the DANIDA/ILO framework agreement on technical cooperation....

Southern Alberta system reinforcement

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rehman, A. [Alberta Electric System Operator, Calgary, AB (Canada)

2008-07-01

System planning for the Alberta Electric System Operator's (AESO) southern system was discussed in view of the growing interest in developing wind energy resources in the province. While Alberta currently has a total of 11,500 MW of installed wind power, southern Alberta has a very small capability for interconnecting additional wind resources. There are 3 main agencies involved in system planning for the southern region: (1) the Alberta Utilities Commission (AUC), (2) the AESO, and (3) the transmission facility owners. Transmission needs are studied by the AESO, who then applies to the AUC for approval. Transmission facility owners also apply to the AUC for approval to construct facilities. The AESO's roles are to operate the wholesale electricity market; plan the transmission system; arrange access for loads and generation; and oversee transmission system operation. The AESO is an independent agency with a public interest mandate. The AESO's queue management process has been designed to facilitate non-discriminatory system access. Development options currently being considered by the AESO include a 240 kV AC transmission line; a 500 kV AC transmission line; a 765 kV AC transmission line; a high voltage direct current (HVDC) system; and a voltage source converter (VSC) HVDC system. Radial and looped configurations are also being considered. The AESO is currently conducting a participant involvement program that involves open houses with the Canadian Wind Energy Association (CanWEA) and other provincial stakeholders. tabs., figs.

Optimising trans-national power generation and transmission investments: a Southern African example

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Graeber, Bernhard; Spalding-Fecher, Randall; Gonah, Brian

2005-01-01

Increased integration and co-operation within the Southern African power sector has opened up significant opportunities for reducing the economic and environmental costs of meeting increasing electricity demand in Southern Africa. This paper applies a linear programming model to investigate the economic and environmental benefits of regional integrated planning for electricity, and the impact of including environmental costs in the decision-making process. We find that, from a financial perspective, optimising generation and transmission investments in the region would result in savings of dollar 2-4 billion over 20 years, or 5% of total system costs. Introducing a tax based on the external damage costs of carbon dioxide as part of the decision-making process would result in moderate increases in financial costs (15-20%), but would reduce regional carbon emissions by up to 55% at a mitigation cost of dollar 11 per tonne of carbon dioxide. This raises the possibility of financing regional power projects with Clean Development Mechanism funding, which we explore with an example

75 FR 28564 - Fisheries of the Northeast Region; Pacific Region

Science.gov (United States)

2010-05-21

... overfishing or an overfished condition. SUMMARY: This action serves as a notice that NMFS, on behalf of the... to overfishing and are in an overfished condition. Also, in the Northeast Region, Southern New England/Mid-Atlantic windowpane is subject to overfishing and Georges Bank winter flounder is in an...

Presencia de candida en pacientes con estomatitis subprotesica que acuden a la facultad de odontología de la universidad de Cartagena en el periodo transcurrido entre agosto 2006 - junio 2007

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Miriam Pulido Rozo

2014-06-01

Full Text Available ResumenLa acción de cubrir la mucosa masticatoria con una prótesis constituye para el tejido una agresión mecánica no fisiológica; los efectos de presión, tracción y empuje que con ella se produce pueden causar acciones irritantes sobre la misma. Cuando estos efectos son de mayor intensidad, suponen un estímulo patógeno que rompe el equilibrio microbiológico existente y conduce a una irritación tisular, acompañada de sus consiguientes reacciones inflamatorias entre las cuales esta la estomatitis subprotésica (E.S.P. Esta lesión por su alta prevalencia en los pacientes rehabilitados por prótesis resulta cada vez más preocupante para nuestros servicios estomatológicos, pues esto implica afección de las funciones normales como la masticación, fonación y estética, debido a que el paciente con esta enfermedad debe retirarse las prótesis y sustituirlas por nuevas ampliando así el período de rehabilitación. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue la determinación de la presencia de Candida en los pacientes con Estomatitis subprotésica que asistieron a las clínicas de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Cartagena en el periodo comprendido entre agosto 2.006- junio 2.007. Estudio descriptivo transversal. La población estudiada fue los pacientes que acudieron a las clínicas de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Cartagena entre agosto 2.006- junio 2.007 que presentaban Estomatitis subprotésica. La muestra estuvo conformada por 44 pacientes. Muestreo no probabilístico por criterio. Variables evaluadas: Presencia de Candida, tipo de Candida, tipo de Estomatitis subprotésica, signos, síntomas, edad, género, localización de la lesión, tipo de prótesis, tiempo de uso, uso de la prótesis al dormir, número de veces que limpia la prótesis al día, sustancias empleadas para limpiarla. Se realizó la toma y procesamiento de las muestras a través de examen en fresco con KOH al 10%, coloración de Gram

Risk assessment and restoration possibilities of some abandoned mining ponds in Murcia Region, SE Spain

Science.gov (United States)

Faz, Angel; Acosta, Jose A.; Martinez-Martinez, Silvia; Carmona, Dora M.; Zornoza, Raul; Kabas, Sebla; Bech, Jaume

2010-05-01

In Murcia Region, SE Spain, there are 85 tailing ponds due to intensive mining activities that occurred during last century, especially in Sierra Minera de Cartagena-La Union. Although mining activity was abandoned several decades ago, those tailing ponds with high amounts of heavy metals still remain in the area. The ponds, due to their composition and location, may create environmental risks of geochemical pollution, negatively affecting soil, water, and plant, animal, and human populations, as well as infrastructures. The main objective of this research is to evaluate the restoration possibilities of two representative mining ponds in order to minimize the risk for human and ecosystems. To achieve this objective, two tailing ponds generated by mining activities were selected, El Lirio and El Gorguel. These ponds are representative of the rest of existent ponds in Sierra Minera de Cartagena-La Unión, with similar problems and characteristics. Several techniques and studies were applied to the tailing ponds for their characterization, including: geophysics, geotechnics, geochemical, geological, hydrological, and vegetation studies. In addition, effects of particulate size in the distribution of heavy metals will be used to assess the risk of dispersion of these metals in finest particles. Once the ponds were characterized, they were divided in several sectors in order to apply different amendments (pig slurry and marble waste) to reduce the risk of metal mobility and improve soil quality for a future phytostabilization. It is known that organic amendments promote soil development processes, microbial diversity, and finally, soil ecosystem restoration to a state of self-sustainability. By comparing the results before and after applications we will be able to evaluate the effect of the different amendments on soil quality and their effectively on risk reduction. Finally, plant metal-tolerant species are used to restore vegetation in the ponds, thereby decreasing

Towards Marine Spatial Planning in Southern Taiwan

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Meng-Tsung Lee

2014-11-01

Full Text Available Due to population growth, rapid economic development and inadequate marine control, the use of ocean and coastal regions in Taiwan has become more frequent and intense in recent years. However, the lack of comprehensive marine and coastal planning in this island nation has led to many conflicts over space and resources and limited its ability to prepare for and respond to environmental hazards, thus threatening national security as well as the safety and property of its citizens. This study proposes a marine zoning scheme for southern Taiwan. The results show that many important habitats in the southern sea areas have not been properly protected due to the extremely small size of the marine protected area. Furthermore, the majority of the conflicts derive from the exclusive fishing right vs. other uses such as marine conservation. Therefore, it is crucial to establish the marine spatial planning (MSP for the Southern Taiwan to deal with the conflicts of use seas and uncertainties associated with complex, heterogeneous, and dynamic marine system.

Atmospheric pollutant outflow from southern Asia: a review

Science.gov (United States)

Lawrence, M. G.; Lelieveld, J.

2010-11-01

Southern Asia, extending from Pakistan and Afghanistan to Indonesia and Papua New Guinea, is one of the most heavily populated regions of the world. Biofuel and biomass burning play a disproportionately large role in the emissions of most key pollutant gases and aerosols there, in contrast to much of the rest of the Northern Hemisphere, where fossil fuel burning and industrial processes tend to dominate. This results in polluted air masses which are enriched in carbon-containing aerosols, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons. The outflow and long-distance transport of these polluted air masses is characterized by three distinct seasonal circulation patterns: the winter monsoon, the summer monsoon, and the monsoon transition periods. During winter, the near-surface flow is mostly northeasterly, and the regional pollution forms a thick haze layer in the lower troposphere which spreads out over millions of square km between southern Asia and the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), located several degrees south of the equator over the Indian Ocean during this period. During summer, the heavy monsoon rains effectively remove soluble gases and aerosols. Less soluble species, on the other hand, are lifted to the upper troposphere in deep convective clouds, and are then transported away from the region by strong upper tropospheric winds, particularly towards northern Africa and the Mediterranean in the tropical easterly jet. Part of the pollution can reach the tropical tropopause layer, the gateway to the stratosphere. During the monsoon transition periods, the flow across the Indian Ocean is primarily zonal, and strong pollution plumes originating from both southeastern Asia and from Africa spread across the central Indian Ocean. This paper provides a review of the current state of knowledge based on the many observational and modeling studies over the last decades that have examined the southern Asian atmospheric pollutant outflow and its large scale effects. An outlook

Frictional strength and heat flow of southern San Andreas Fault

Science.gov (United States)

Zhu, P. P.

2016-01-01

Frictional strength and heat flow of faults are two related subjects in geophysics and seismology. To date, the investigation on regional frictional strength and heat flow still stays at the stage of qualitative estimation. This paper is concentrated on the regional frictional strength and heat flow of the southern San Andreas Fault (SAF). Based on the in situ borehole measured stress data, using the method of 3D dynamic faulting analysis, we quantitatively determine the regional normal stress, shear stress, and friction coefficient at various seismogenic depths. These new data indicate that the southern SAF is a weak fault within the depth of 15 km. As depth increases, all the regional normal and shear stresses and friction coefficient increase. The former two increase faster than the latter. Regional shear stress increment per kilometer equals 5.75 ± 0.05 MPa/km for depth ≤15 km; regional normal stress increment per kilometer is equal to 25.3 ± 0.1 MPa/km for depth ≤15 km. As depth increases, regional friction coefficient increment per kilometer decreases rapidly from 0.08 to 0.01/km at depths less than ~3 km. As depth increases from ~3 to ~5 km, it is 0.01/km and then from ~5 to 15 km, and it is 0.002/km. Previously, frictional strength could be qualitatively determined by heat flow measurements. It is difficult to obtain the quantitative heat flow data for the SAF because the measured heat flow data exhibit large scatter. However, our quantitative results of frictional strength can be employed to investigate the heat flow in the southern SAF. We use a physical quantity P f to describe heat flow. It represents the dissipative friction heat power per unit area generated by the relative motion of two tectonic plates accommodated by off-fault deformation. P f is called "fault friction heat." On the basis of our determined frictional strength data, utilizing the method of 3D dynamic faulting analysis, we quantitatively determine the regional long-term fault