Principales géneros bacterianos aislados de leche de cabra en dos granjas del municipio de Tequisquiapan, Querétaro, México

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Rocío Angélica Ruiz Romero

2013-01-01

Full Text Available El término "mastitis" se utiliza para referirse a la inflamación de la glándula mamaria. A pesar de las pérdidas económicas que produce en cabras lecheras, existe escasa información relativa al estado epidemiológico de la misma en nuestro país. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar bacterias presentes en leche cruda de cabras clínicamente sanas, obtenida en sistemas de producción intensivo y semi-intensivo por métodos microbiológicos tradicionales. Se trabajaron con 28 animales en sistema de producción intensiva y 33 animales en sistema de producción semiintensiva, provenientes del Centro de Enseñanza, Investigación y Extensión en Producción Animal en Altiplano (CEIEPAA perteneciente a la FMVZ-UNAM y la granja del Carmen, ambas ubicadas en Tequisquiapan, Querétaro, México. De cada una de las cabras se obtuvieron muestras de ambas glándulas, se realizaron muestreos cada 45 días junto con la prueba de California de las cabras seleccionadas hasta los 240 días de lactación. Se recibieron un total de 484 muestras para análisis bacteriológico tradicional, 90 muestras (18.6 % presentaron crecimiento bacteriano, de las cuales se recuperaron 97 aislados. Los géneros bacterianos aislados con mayor frecuenciafueron Staphylococcus coagulasa Negativo (SCN 62/97 (63.9 %, Streptococus uberis 10/97 (10.3 % y Staphylococcus aureus 5/97 (5.1 %. De acuerdo al análisis estadístico, no existen diferencias entre los dos principales géneros bacterianos aislados en ambos sistemas de producción.

Utilización de la leucaena leucocephala como suplemento en cabras en crecimiento

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Clavero, Tyrone; Razz, Rosa

2009-01-01

Con el objeto de evaluar el crecimiento de cabras mestizas (Nubian x Criollo) suplementadas con Leucaena leucocephala, se realizó un ensayo en el Occidente de Venezuela en una zona caracterizada como Bosque muy Seco Tropical. Se evaluaron tres raciones: T1 (pastoreo en gramínea-Cenchrus cillaris), T2 (pastoreo en gramínea + 2 h/día en Leucaena), T3 (pastoreo en gramínea + alimento concentrado comercial, 300 g/animal/día). El diseño experimental fue de bloques completamente al azar. El peso de...

La depresión postparto : un estudio exploratorio con una muestra de mujeres valencianas

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Martínez Besteiro, Elvira; Toledo Aliaga, Mercedes; Pineda, María; Monleón Alegre, J.; Ferrero Berlanga, Javier; Barreto Martín, Pilar

2001-01-01

El objetivo del presente estudio era analizar la existencia de depresión postparto (depresión y ansiedad) en una muestra de mujeres de la Comunidad Valenciana así como su evolución dos meses después del parto. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 101 muje

de diferentes proporciones de leche de vaca y cabra

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Wendy Natalia Rojas-Castro

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Características del yogurt batido de fresa derivadas de diferentes proporciones de leche de vaca y cabra. Durante 2004, en San José, se evaluó el efecto de diferentes proporciones de leche de cabra (c y leche de vaca (v (0%c/100%v, 30%c/70%v, 50%c/50%v, 70%c/30%v y 100%c/0%v, sobre el pH, la viscosidad y la sinéresis de un yogurt batido de fresa, durante los días 1, 7, 14 y 21 de almacenamiento en refrigeración a 4-5°C. El pH disminuyó en almacenamiento acentuadamente en los primeros siete días eindistintamente para todas formulaciones (p≤0,05 des de ámbitos iniciales de 4,35-4,40 hasta 4,25-4,30. Durante los primeros siete días aumentó la viscosidad de todas las muestras, para posteriormente descender hasta el día 21. Las muestras con 100% leche de cabra presentaron menorviscosidad (p≤0,05 (me dia = 11277 cp que las elabo radas con 100% leche de vaca (me dia = 19979 cp. La sinéresis para todas las muestras descendió con el tiempo. La muestra de mayor sinéresis durante todo el periodo fue la de 100% leche de vaca (me dia = 9,4%, mientras la de menor fue la de 100% cabra (me dia = 2,1%. Para la sinéresis se encontró una interacción significativa (p≤0,05 entre el día de almacenamiento y el tipo de leche, con cluyéndose que la sinéresis disminuyó con el tiempo y conforme aumentó el contenido de leche de vaca. Se evaluó con 105 jueces el efecto de diferentes formulaciones (30%c/70%v, 50%c/50%v, 70%c/30%v y 100%c/0%v, sobre el agrado general así como la aceptación del color y textura. La formulación de mayor agrado global (p≤0,05 fue la de 30% leche de cabra, que en promedio alcanzó un valor de 8,1 en una escala hedónica híbrida 10 cm.

Anticoncepción en el postparto

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Pío Iván Gómez Sánchez

1998-01-01

Full Text Available Los programas de anticoncepción quirúrgica voluntaria, han generado  un gran vacío en las mujeres que desean planificación  no definitiva, ya que usualmente la mayoría de hormonales  se contraindican en la lactancia y no  hay una amplia disponibilidad de progestágenos solos, que de todas formas se pueden utilizar desde las seis semanas del posparto. Por otra lo que usualmente se recomienda a las mujeres que deciden utilizar dispositivo intrauterino (DIU es que regresen luego de 4 a 8 semanas; muchas mujeres no regresan o cuando lo hacen están nuevamente gestando. Con la paciente  que presenta un aborto sucede algo similar y rara vez abandona el Hospital can un método de anticoncepción. Revisaremos las opciones anticonceptivas para !a mujer lactante en el postparto.

DEPRESION POSTPARTO REALIDAD EN EL SISTEMA PUBLICO DE ATENCION DE SALUD

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Evans M.,Gregorio; Vicuña M.,Mcjohn; Marín,Rodrigo

2003-01-01

La depresión postparto es un problema de salud pública con prevalencia que oscilan entre un 10 y 15% en la literatura mundial. Durante el puerperio existen cambios bioquímicos y estrés que pueden desencadenar estos trastornos. No existen trabajos a nivel nacional que enfoquen este problema. Realizamos un estudio prospectivo a nivel de atención primaria para evidenciar la real incidencia, y algunos factores de riesgo para esta condición

Reactivación ovárica postparto en bovinos. Revisión.

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Henao Restrepo Guillermo

2001-09-01

Full Text Available Durante las últimas semanas de la gestación, la placenta bovina aumenta la síntesis de estradiol a un nivel que supera centenas de veces la cantidad que produce durante el estro. Ese alto nivel de estradiol produce una retroalimentación negativa prolongada sobre el hipotálamo, que inhibe la síntesis y liberación de hormona liberadora de gonadotropinas (GnRH y por lo tanto en la sangre no circulan las hormonas hipofisiarias que estimulan el crecimiento folicular. Bajo esta condición hormonal, los folículos ováricos se pueden desarrollar hasta formar antro, pero debido a la ausencia de estímulo gonadotrópico, su crecimiento es limitado y no alcanza a formar ondas foliculares. Con la expulsión de la placenta durante el parto, se termina la producción de estradiol y el hipotálamo inicia la recuperación de la capacidad de sintetizar GnRH y de restablecer paulatinamente la sensibilidad a los estrógenos ováricos para restaurar el mecanismo de retroalimentación positivo que controla la liberación de las hormonas folículoestimulante (FSH y luteinizante (LH para estimular el crecimiento y la maduración final del folículo, la síntesis de estradiol, la expresión del estro y la ovulación. Después del parto las altas demandas de nutrientes requeridos para la síntesis de grandes volúmenes de leche, la limitada capacidad de consumo de alimentos y las inadecuadas concentraciones de nutrientes en los alimentos consumidos, producen un balance energético negativo (BEN. Esta situación induce una respuesta compensatoria (homeorresis que compromete el tejido adiposo, el hígado, los músculos y los huesos. El desbalance energético retarda la reanudación de los ciclos estrales postparto y dependiendo de su intensidad, puede limitar el crecimiento de los folículos ováricos. Paulatinamente, en tiempo variable con la genética, la producción de leche, la adaptación al ambiente, la salud y la disponibilidad de nutrientes, se

Una metodología para evaluar el comportamiento de interacción genotipo-intrambiente con fines de selección en cabras lecheras

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B. López

2004-01-01

Full Text Available Conocida la universalidad del componente de interacción genotipo ambiente en el modelo fenotípico, el cual incluye otros dos componentes: el genotipo con sus efectos aditivos, dominantes y epistáticos, y el componente ambiental con sus efectos permanentes y temporales; se hace evidente que la selección de individuos en un ambiente dado no garantiza que manifiesten el mismo comportamiento cuando el ambiente es diferente. Con los resultados de investigaciones preliminares efectuadas por los autores, se propone una metodología basada en el modelo de regresión lineal, capaz de medir los efectos de interacción genotipo-intrambiente (ambientes fisiológicos de la curva de lactación para su evaluación con fines de selección del comportamiento diferencial que manifiestan los genotipos ante diversas condiciones ambientales. Se utilizan los registros mensuales de la producción láctea anual de 14 cabras «Saanen» en su primera lactación y se compara el comportamiento de interacción genotipo ambiente entre ellas. Los valores α y β de cada recta (cabra, fueron estimados considerando la producción mensual de cada cabra (fenotipo como la variable dependiente y los efectos ecológicos estandarizados como la variable independiente. Se graficaron y proyectaron las rectas de regresión de cada cabra a ± dos desviaciones estándar de los efectos ecológicos en el eje de las abscisas, se comparan los coeficientes β mediante pruebas de hipótesis «t»; poniéndose de manifiesto los efectos de interacción genotipo ambiente entre cabras al demostrarse que las pendientes de las rectas son diferentes. En esta metodología los valores de β cercanos a cero indican que los genotipos son estables

Estructura de la sintomatología depresiva en una muestra de mujeres con menos de un año postparto.

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Vega-Dienstmaier, Johann M.

2015-01-01

Objetivos: Explorar la estructura de la sintomatología depresiva en mujeres postparto. Material y Métodos: En 321 mujeres que acudieron a un hospital general con menos de 1 año postparto, se exploró, mediante correlaciones tetracóricas y regresiones logísticas, la vinculación entre diversos síntomas depresivos, y entre éstos y el diagnóstico de depresión mayor. Resultados: Los síntomas que tuvieron mayor vinculación entre sí y también con el diagnósticode depresión mayor fueron: fatiga, trist...

Virulencia de cepas de Listeria monocytogenes procedentes de cabras y sus derivados

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Guicela Ramírez Bernal; Alma Virginia Lara Sagahón; Carlos Gerardo García Tovar; Efrén Díaz Aparicio; Víctor Rubén Tenorio Gutiérrez

2014-01-01

Se evaluó la virulencia de cepas de Listeria monocytogenes todas de serotipo 4b procedentes de cabras y sus derivados. Se observaron niveles de virulencia variables cuando se comparó la virulencia relativa (porcentaje de letalidad) en ratones BALB/c inoculados vía intravenosa o intragástrica y su capacidad para infectar macrófagos J774A.1, y células epiteliales Caco-2. Dos cepas obtenidas de alimento de cabras produjeron 100 % de letalidad por ambas vías de inoculación y no mostraron diferenc...

Tratamiento anaerobio de desechos lácticos y estiércol de cabra

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J. Luís Magaña-Ramírez

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Se realizó una digestión anaerobia para la obtención de biogás a partir de residuos lácteos de crema, queso y suero de leche en combinación con estiércol de cabra, mediante el desarrollo de tres formulaciones, manteniendo constante la cantidad de los desechos de crema y queso y variando la cantidad de excreta de cabra y suero de leche. Se utilizó un inóculo de bacterias metanogénicas obtenido partir de una predigestión de estiércol de cabra. La temperatura de operación fue de 35 ºC, con un pH de 7,0, determinándose el porcentaje de metano en el biogás por medio de cromatografía de gases. Los resultados mostraron que la mayor concentración de metano fue de 82%, obtenida con la formulación número tres.

Proceso de elaboración de yogur deslactosado de leche de cabra Processo para elaboração de iogurte deslactosado de leite de cabra

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Virginia Antonieta Rodriguez

2008-12-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo fue desarrollar un proceso para la elaboración de yogur deslactosado de leche de cabra, realizando en forma simultánea la hidrólisis de la lactosa y la fermentación. Se utilizaron tres dosis de una β-galactosidasa ácida de origen fúngico (Aspergillus oryzae: 1253, 2506 y 3759 unidades/L, usando como referente una muestra sin enzima. Luego de una incubación de 5 horas a 38 °C y posterior conservación durante 24 horas a 4 °C, se determinaron las concentraciones de glucosa, galactosa, lactosa, pH y acidez titulable. Teniendo en cuenta una concentración de lactosa en leche de 4,42 g.100 mL-1, el mayor porcentaje de hidrólisis obtenido en el yogur (82,6%, p O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um processo para a elaboração de iogurte deslactosado de leite de cabra, realizando de forma simultânea a hidrólise da lactose e a fermentação. Utilizaram-se três doses de uma β-galactosidase ácida de origem fúngica (Aspergillus oryzae: 1253, 2506 e 3759 unidades/L, usando como referente uma amostra sem enzima. Após uma incubação de 5 horas a 38 °C e posterior conservação durante 24 horas a 4 °C, determinaram-se as concentrações de glicose, galactose, lactose, pH e acidez titulável. Considerando uma concentração de lactose em leite de 4,42 g.100 mL-1, a maior porcentagem de hidrólise obtida no iogurte (82,6%, p < 0,0001 foi conseguida com 2506 unidades/L de enzima, enquanto que sem o agregado de enzima a porcentagem foi de 48,5%. Conclui-se que o processo utilizado permitiria, somente numa etapa, a elaboração de um iogurte que além de ter as propriedades hipoalergênicas e nutricionais próprias do leite de cabra, por seu baixo conteúdo de lactose, se converteria num alimento de características funcionais de grande utilidade para aquelas pessoas que padecem intolerância ao açúcar do leite.

Cuidado de enfermería en el hogar a una madre con vih/sida y su recien nacido durante el postparto: un estudio de caso

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Arévalo Venegas, Claudia Elena

2014-01-01

Este trabajo buscó describir el cuidado de enfermería en el hogar, a una madre con VIH/SIDA y su recién nacido durante el postparto, basado en las cinco categorías de la Teoría de Kristen Swanson, en Bogotá durante el II semestre de 2014. Por medio de un estudio de caso, utilizando la estrategia de seguimiento domiciliario en donde se realizaron 5 visitas al hogar, durante las cuales se desarrolló un plan de cuidado basado en las taxonomías NANDA, NIC, NOC. Previamente se realizó revisión de ...

Hipertensión postparto: una revisión de la literatura y los protocolos de manejo

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Anuar Alonso Cedeño Burbano

2015-04-01

Conclusión. A pesar de que existen muchos fármacos considerados compatibles con la lactancia, existe poca evidencia sobre su seguridad para el lactante. No se recomienda el manejo farmacológico de la hipertensión postparto leve a moderada. El manejo con fármacos antihipertensivos es mandatorio en hipertensión severa.

EFECTO DE DOS NIVELES DE FORRAJE ARBÓREO TEPOZÁN (Buddleia cordata EN EL COMPORTAMIENTO PRODUCTIVO Y MICROBIOLÓGICO RUMINAL EN CABRAS

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Marcos Perez-Sato

2010-10-01

Full Text Available Se evaluó el efecto de la inclusión (0, 15 y 30 % de forraje arbóreo de Buddleida cordata (Tepozán en el comportamiento productivo y los microorganismos del rumen en cabras. Se distribuyeron al azar 30 cabras criollas con un peso vivo promedio de 14 kg en tres tratamientos y fueron alojadas en corrales individuales durante 45 días. Se midió ganancia diaria de peso (GDP, consumo de materia seca (CMS, pH ruminal, concentración de bacterias totales, celulolíticas y protozoarios a los, 30 y 45 días del periodo experimental. El diseño experimental fue completamente al azar con mediciones repetidas a través del tiempo, analizando los datos de GDP, CMS y pH ruminal con PROC MIXED. El número de bacterias fue estadísticamente analizado por intervalos de confianza. No hubo diferencias entre tratamientos (p>0.05 por la inclusión de B. cordata en la dieta sobre la GDP, CMS, pH ruminal, concentración de bacterias totales, celulolíticas y protozoarios. No se presentaron diferencia entre periodos (p>0.05 en ninguna variable. Se concluye  que el henificado de B. cordata muestra potencial para ser incluido en la dieta de cabras hasta un máximo de 30%, sin afectar negativamente las variables productivas ni a los microorganismos del rumen. Â

Hemorragia del postparto. Principales etiologías, su prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento

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DR. A. Aldo Solari

2014-11-01

Full Text Available La hemorragia del postparto es una de las principales emergencias obstétricas. La tasa de mortalidad materna por hemorragias oscila entre 30 y 50%. Los factores de riesgo más importantes son: edad materna avanzada y enfermedades crónicas. La etiología más frecuente es la Inercia Uterina, definida como la incapacidad del útero de retraerse luego del alumbramiento. Su prevención se basa en el manejo activo del trabajo de parto y el tratamiento va desde el uso de terapias farmacológicas con uterotónicos hasta la histerectomía de urgencia. El Acretismo es una inserción anormal de la placenta. Su diagnóstico se basa en el uso de Ecografía y Resonancia Nuclear Magnética y su tratamiento es el parto por cesárea con histerectomía. La radiología intervencionista ha contribuido a disminuir de forma importante la severidad de la hemorragia postparto. Es imprescindible contar con guías de acción protocolizadas para así evitar o disminuir su incidencia y magnitud.

Producción de Biogás a Nivel Laboratorio Utilizando Estiércol de Cabras Producción de Biogás a Nivel Laboratorio Utilizando Estiércol de Cabras

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Rosalía Hernández Cantero

2012-02-01

Full Text Available Se aplicó el proceso de digestión anaerobia para la obtención de biogás a partir de estiércol de cabras. Para ello se implementaron dos tipos de experimentos: El primero se efectuó mediante dos lotes utilizando matraces kitazato de cristal con una capacidad de 1 litro como depósito de la mezcla agua-excremento. Los matraces kitazato se introdujeron dentro de una tina con agua calentada por una resistencia eléctrica para mantener la temperatura adecuada para el crecimiento de las bacterias metanogénicas. El objetivo de esta experimentación fue determinar la producción diaria de biogás al utilizar estiércol de cabras. El segundo se efectuó mediante un biodigestor a escala de laboratorio. Para ello se procedió primero a pesar las bolitas de estiércol de cabras. En seguida se pasaron a un recipiente en donde se les agregó agua. Luego se procedió a deshacer las bolitas hasta alcanzar una mezcla homogénea y en estas condiciones cargar el biodigestor. Elobjetivo de esta experimentación fue determinar la cantidad de metano del biogás mediante análisis cromatográfico.The anaerobic digestion process was applied in order to get biogas from goat’s manure. Two experiments were implemented. The first one was carried out by means of two lots, using matraces kitazatos of crystal with a capacity of 1 liter, as deposit of the mixture water - excrement. The kitazatos were put inside a tub with water warmed by an electrical resistance in order to supply the adapted temperature for the growth of the methanogenic bacteriums. The aim of this experimentation was to determine the daily production of biogas when goats’ manure is used. The second one was carried out by means of a biodigestor at laboratory scale. The small balls of goats’ manure were weighted and immediately were passed to a container where water was added. Then, these were dissolved in order to obtain a homogeneous mixture that could be loaded into the biodigestor. The aim of

Sensorial evaluation of ice-cream elaborated with goat milk/ Avaliação sensorial de sorvetes elaborados com leite de cabra

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Honório Domingos Benedet

2006-06-01

Full Text Available The objective of this work was to evaluate sensory and economically formulations obtained from of goat powder milk, vegetable fat and strawberry aroma. At least of twenty seven formulations listed in an experimental design, were choiced three best formulations, that they also were elaborated in triplicate to the powder goat milk and pasteurized goat milk. Finally it was choiced the best formulation. The final and the best ice-cream had the following formulation: 80 g of vegetable fat, 0.80 L of goat milk (powder – reconstituted or pasteurized milk and 0.12 g of strawberry aroma. These formulations shown Acceptability Index (AI of 87.1 % to ice-cream elaborated with powder milk and 84.3 % to pasteurized milk. Considering just the last and the best AI formulation, it were realized the cost analysis of ice-creams. The price icecream with powder goat milk was equally to R$ 3.15 per liter, while with pasteurized milk was price per liter was equally to 2.68 per liter.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar sensorial e economicamente formulações de sorvetes obtidos a partir do uso de leite de cabra em pó ou pasteurizado, gordura vegetal hidrogenada e aroma de morango. De vinte e sete formulações inicialmente previstas em um delineamento experimental, utilizando leite de cabra em pó, foram escolhidas as três melhores formulações. Estas três formulações foram avaliadas sensorialmente em três repetições utilizando leite de cabra em pó e três repetições utilizando o leite de cabra pasteurizado. Tanto para o leite em pó quanto para o pasteurizado as formulações escolhidas pelos julgadores foram as elaboradas com as seguintes variáveis: 80 g de gordura vegetal hidrogenada, 0,80 litros de leite de cabra (pó – reconstituído ou pasteurizado e 0,12 g de aroma de morango. Estas formulações apresentaram Índice de aceitabilidade de 87,1 % para o sorvete elaborado com leite de cabra em pó e 84,3 % para o leite de cabra pasteurizado

Caracterización fenotípica, productiva y reproductiva de la cabra blanca Criolla del “Filo Mayor” de la Sierra Madre del Sur en el estado de Guerrero

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Rubén Darío Martínez Rojero

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Con el objetivo de hacer una caracterización fenotípica y de determinar parámetros productivos y reproductivos de la cabra blanca Criolla del “Filo Mayor” en la Sierra Madre del Sur, estado de Guerrero, se llevó a cabo el presente estudio en el municipio de Leonardo Bravo a 17o 39 ́N y 99o 50 ́O y en el Colegio Superior Agropecuario del Estado de Guerrero (CSAEGRO ubicado a 14.5 km de Iguala, Gro., a 18o 15 ́ N y 99o 39 ́ O. Los colores de pelo predominantes en las cabras fueron el blanco y el bayo o crema (94.8%; la presencia de cuernos fue común en machos y hembras y sólo un 7.4% de éstas no los presentó. Las cabras presentaron ubres esféricas (52.8% y alargadas (47.2%, mientras que los machos cabríos presentaron testículos lobulares (46.2% y bipartidos (53.8%. Predominaron cabras con perfil recto y orejas erectas (90.4%. El peso de los machos cabríos adultos fue de 68.0 ± 2.1 kg, con una altura a la cruz de 78.8 ± 3.7 cm y un perímetro torácico de 88.5 ± 1.5 cm. Las cabras adultas presentaron un peso de 43.0 ± 3.2 kg, una altura a la cruz de 68.8 ± 2.7 cm y un perímetro torácico de 80.7 ± 3.4 cm. La tasa de fertilidad e índice de prolificidad fueron de 61.4% y 1.6 ± 0.12 crías por parto, respectivamente, con un 8.7% de abortos. El peso al nacimiento de los cabritos (sin considerar sexo ni tipo de parto fue de 2.9 ± 0.13 kg; en tanto que el peso a los 100 d de edad fue de 14.3 ± 1.2 kg, con ganancias diarias de peso del nacimiento al destete de 159.0 ± 0.15 g. La producción de leche por día fue de 785.0 ± 35.9 g y la curva de lactancia registró un pico en las semanas 3 y 4 (800 g para después descender en forma constante hasta la semana 14 (400 g. La duración de la gestación fue de 168.6 ± 2.21 d, con un periodo parto-primer estro de 136.3 ± 30 d. La ocurrencia de ciclos estrales menores a 17 días fue nula, con una alta proporción de ciclos de entre 17 a 25 d (55.2% y mayores de 25 d (44

Achados bioquímicos, eletrolíticos e hormonais de cabras acometidas com toxemia da prenhez

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Rodolfo J.C. Souto

2013-10-01

Full Text Available A abrangência dos estudos sobre a toxemia da prenhez (TP tem sido constante e inovadora em alguns conceitos, porém o estudo dos casos clínicos naturais em cabras é inexistente no Brasil. Diante disso, realizou-se análise das alterações clínicas, do perfil bioquímico, eletrolítico e hormonal com o objetivo de compreender a fisiopatogenia da enfermidade. Foram avaliadas 22 cabras atendidas na Clínica de Bovinos, Campus Garanhuns/UFRPE, diagnosticadas com TP, no período de 2007 a 2012. Realizou-se exame clínico e coleta de sangue e urina, para análise do perfil bioquímico e hormonal. Acentuadas alterações clínicas foram observadas, como decúbito, apatia, dispneia, aumento da temperatura corpórea, mucosas congestas, vasos episclerais injetados, desidratação, anorexia, hipomotilidade ou atonia ruminal, edema nos membros. Os resultados laboratoriais revelaram valores elevados para ureia, creatinina, ácidos graxos não esterificados (AGNE, β-hidroxibutirato, amilase e cortisol, enquanto as variáveis: proteína total, albumina, cálcio total, cálcio ionizado, fósforo, a relação cálcio e fósforo, sódio e insulina encontraram-se diminuídos. Outros parâmetros bioquímicos e eletrolíticos, como frutosamina, globulina, cloro, potássio e magnésio mantiveram-se dentro da faixa de normalidade. Quanto a glicemia, foram constatados três condições nas cabras com TP, normoglicêmicas (50%, hiperglicêmicas (27,28% e hipoglicêmicas (22,72%. Dos 17 (77,27% animais que obtiveram alta 10 (58,82% eram normoglicêmicos. Vieram a óbito 22,8 % (5/22, no qual 60% (3/5 delas estavam hiperglicêmicas. A média de nascimento por cabra foi superior a duas crias. Verificou-se existir associação fortemente positiva dos AGNE's com a albumina (r=0,60, fraca com o β-hidroxibutirato (r=0,10 e glicose (r=0,03. Porém, existiu relação fortemente negativa dos AGNE's com a insulina (r= -0,70, moderada com o cortisol (r= -0,52 e amilase (r

Posicionamento do consumidor frente ao consumo de leite de cabra e seus derivados na cidade de Natal-RN

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Roberta Targino Pinto Correia

2009-04-01

Full Text Available A Região Nordeste têm concentrado ao longo da história grande parte do rebanho caprino brasileiro. É uma atividade econômica de grande importância para o sertanejo, já que serve como fonte de renda, subsistência e fator de fixação do homem no interior. Apesar de todo o potencial funcional e nutritivo já reconhecido desse tipo de leite, a caprinocultura leiteira ainda se caracteriza por ser uma atividade desenvolvida de forma empírica e extensiva e com baixos níveis de tecnologia, além de dificuldades no setor produtivo que incluem entraves na comercialização e pequeno número de produtos derivados disponíveis no mercado. A presente pesquisa tem o objetivo de avaliar o posicionamento do consumidor em Natal-RN quanto ao possível consumo do leite de cabra e derivados, tendo em vista a quase inexistência de trabalhos abordando esse aspecto. O trabalho tem caráter exploratório e descritivo, tomando como base as respostas obtidas de 400 indivíduos abordados na capital potiguar através de questionário estruturado composto por 15 questões sobre conhecimento do mercado, conhecimento nutricional, atitude e comportamento. Os resultados apontam para o desconhecimento sobre a qualidade nutricional do leite de cabra por parte dos entrevistados incluídos na pesquisa. Indicam também que os aspectos sensoriais odor e sabor, além da confiabilidade no produto, estão entre os elementos considerados na decisão de não comprar o leite caprino, ao passo que o potencial benefício á saúde é apontado como um dos parâmetros importantes para a aquisição do leite caprino.

Hormiga argentina Linepithema humile Mayr, 1868 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) y su rol como posible vector de contaminación microbiana en una lechería de cabras Capra hircus Linnaeus, 1758 (Artiodactyla: Bovidae)

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J Ipinza-Regla; D González; G Figueroa

2015-01-01

Se trata de establecer la acción de la hormiga argentina Linepithema humile, como potencial vector mecánico de microorganismos patógenos. Desde un plantel lechero de cabras ubicado en la comuna de Lampa, Región Metropolitana, Chile, se obtuvieron 63 muestras: 21 muestras Control A aspiradas directamente sobre el papel filtro esterilizado previo al paso de las hormigas, 21 muestras de hormigas aspiradas desde papel filtro y 21 muestras posterior al paso de las hormigas (Control B). La metodolo...

Piroxicam y cambios ováricos de cabras adultas

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Rafaela Segundo Pérez

2016-01-01

Full Text Available La función de los ovarios puede alterarse por inhibidores de la enzima ciclooxigenasa (COX. La aplicación de piroxicam, antiinflamatorio no esteroideo e inhibidor de COX es de amplio uso veterinario (AINE y puede alterar la función de los ovarios. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar los cambios extra e intraováricos en cabras adultas en respuesta a piroxicam. En seis cabras adultas de entre 35 y 40 kg de peso vivo, se sincronizaron estros y ovulación, mediante la colocación de CIDR (dispositivo intravaginal de liberación controlada de P4 durante 11 días, al retirar el CIDR se aplicaron prostaglandinas F2α y 400 UI de eCG (inducción de la ovulación. Antes (24 h, de la inducción de ovulación al grupo testigo y tratado (n=3 se les hicieron cuatro aplicaciones intramusculares de un ml de solución salina o piroxicam (1.5 mg-1 kg de peso vivo con intervalo de 24 h. Posterior a la primera aplicación de piroxicam (144 h se extrajeron los ovarios. Se colectaron muestras sanguíneas cada 24 h; desde 48 h antes de la inducción de la ovulación y, hasta la ovariectomía. En ovario derecho e izquierdo se cuantificó el número y tamaño de folículos y cuerpos lúteos superficiales. En 16 cortes histológicos de cada ovario, se evaluaron las mismas estructuras con localización intraovárica. En suero sanguíneo se determinó la concentración sérica de progesterona (P4 y estradiol (E2. En los datos de folículos y CL se realizó la prueba de suma de rangos de Wilcoxon. Mientras que, P4 y E2 se analizaron utilizando modelos para datos con medidas repetidas (modelos mixtos lineales, los cuales fueron ajustados usando el programa estadísto R. La significancia en los resultados se consideró con α< 0.05. La aplicación de piroxicam disminuyó el número de folículos intraováricos (P< 0.0001 y el de CL intraováricos en desarrollo (P=0.04. Los niveles de P4 y E2 no se modificaron por aplicación de piroxicam (P=0.2, aunque, P4

Determinación de la curva de lactancia de cabras Saanen del noroeste argentino

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Gabriela MARTINEZ

2018-03-01

Full Text Available La curva de lactancia puede ser definida como la expresión del comportamiento productivo del rebaño caprino. Conocerla resulta una herramienta de selección. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue el de estudiar el comportamiento productivo de cabras Saanen en condiciones semi intensivas mediante diferentes modelos matemáticos para describir así su curva de lactancia, caracterizar la evolución de la producción de leche y analizar su variación asociadas con el número de lactancia y el número de cabritos al parto. Se utilizaron registros de datos de lactancias correspondientes a 182 animales. De cada animal fue relevado el número de partos, el tipo de parto y la producción individual diaria a partir del tercer día pos parto hasta el final de lactancia (270 días. El modelo de Cappio-Borlino fue el que mejor ajuste presentó. Al analizar los resultados obtenidos en cuanto al momento en el que se alcanza el pico de producción se observa que, además de ser numéricamente menor, las cabras de primer parto son las que lo manifiestan más tardíamente respecto a las multíparas. A su vez, los animales con partos dobles si bien presentaron una mayor producción láctea al principio de la lactancia, la persistencia fue menor respecto a los de partos triple. SUMMARY. Determination of lactation curve for Saanen goat milked in the north of Argentina. The lactation curve can be defined as the expression of the productive behavior of the goat herd. Knowing it is a selection tool. The objective of this work was to study the productive behavior of Saanen goats under semi-intensive conditions using different mathematical models to describe their lactation curve, characterize the evolution of milk production and analyze the variation associated with lactation number and the kids size. Data records of 182 animals were used. From each animal, we recorded: calving number, litter size and the individual daily production from the third day after parity

Evaluación de diferentes tratamientos hormonales para la sincronización del estro en cabras criollas serranas durante el verano

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Ruiz, Rodrigo; Fernández, Jorge L; de la Vega, Adolfo C; Rabasa, Alicia E

2002-01-01

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la eficiencia de dos tratamientos hormonales en la sincronización de celos en cabras Criollas Serranas durante el verano. El mismo se realizó con 79 hembras, con un diseño completamente aleatorizado, con los siguientes tratamientos: T1, Prostaglandina F2µ (n = 27): dos aplicaciones de 325 mg/cabra (sc) de cloprostenol, espaciadas 12 días una de otra; T2, Progestágeno (n =26): esponja intravaginal con 60 mg de acetato de medroxiprogesterona, durante 12 d...

PRODUCCIÓN Y CALIDAD FISICOQUÍMICA DE LECHE DE CABRAS SUPLEMENTADAS CON FORRAJE VERDE HIDROPÓNICO DE MAÍZ

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Mario Garc\\u00EDa-Carrillo

2013-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la producción y calidad fisicoquímica de leche de cabras al ser suplementadas con dietas que contenían forraje verde hidropónico de maíz. Este estudio se desarrolló en la Comarca Lagunera de Coahuila, México durante los meses de marzo a agosto de 2011. Para la dieta 1 se empleó una relación 85:15 (base seca de alfalfa henificada y forraje verde hidropónico (AH: FVH. La dieta 2 se formuló con una relación 70:30 de AH y FVH, mientras que la dieta testigo tuvo una relación 87.5:12.5 de alfalfa henificada y vaina de mezquite. Se utilizó un diseño en triple cuadro latino. La producción y calidad de leche fueron mayores al suministrar la dieta compuesta con alfalfa henificada y forraje verde hidropónico de maíz al 30%.

ANÁLISIS COMPARATIVO DE PERFILES DE TEXTURA DE QUESOS FRESCOS DE LECHE DE CABRA Y VACA

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LUIS ENRIQUE GUZMAN C

Full Text Available Pese a la existencia de varios estudios sobre diversos aspectos de los quesos de vaca y cabra, hay una escasa información sobre sus propiedades texturales. El estudio de las propiedades reológicas en los quesos es importante porque determina el cuerpo y textura característicos. La presente investigación se realizó con el fin de comparar el perfil de textura de los quesos frescos pasteurizados elaborados a partir de leche de cabra y de vaca y con contenidos de grasa de 30, 50 y 70%; los cuales fueron almacenados en refrigeración a 4°C y analizados los días 1, 6, 12, y 18 respectivamente. Los parámetros texturales de dureza, adhesividad, cohesividad, elasticidad, gomosidad y masticabilidad, se determinaron utilizando un texturómetro EZ-TEST SERIES S. Se concluye que los valores de dureza y adhesividad aumentaron durante el tiempo de almacenamiento, contrario a la elasticidad y cohesividad. Además, el aumento del contenido graso influye en el incremento de estos parámetros a excepción de la dureza. Así mismo, la gomosidad y masticabilidad varían con respecto a la dureza, cohesividad y elasticidad. Los quesos frescos de cabra presentaron mayor adhesividad, cohesividad y elasticidad, con respecto a los quesos frescos de vaca, en los cuales los valores de dureza fueron mayores.

RESPUESTA PRODUCTIVA Y PERFIL LIPÍDICO DE LA LECHE DE CABRAS ALIMENTADAS EN CONFINAMIENTO ADICIONANDO ACEITE DE SOYA EN LA DIETA

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MEJÍA URIBE, LUIS ALBERTO

2016-01-01

La leche de cabra y sus productos (queso, yogurt) son una importante fuente de nutrientes tales como lípidos, proteínas, vitaminas y minerales, que pueden ser considerados como parte de la dieta de los humanos, sobre todo para personas intolerantes a ciertos componentes (lactosa) de la leche de vaca. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar el efecto de la adición de aceite de soya (6% BS) sobre la producción, composición y perfil de ácidos grasos (AG) de la leche de cabras Saanen...

Concentraciones de LH en periodos de transición reproductiva en cabras criollas x Nubia con diferente condición nutricional

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Eliab Estrada-Cortés

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Se determinó el efecto de las reservas corporales de energía (IMC y el consumo diario de alimento (CA, sobre la LH sérica durante las transiciones hacia época anovulatoria (TA y reproductiva (TR. Doce cabras Criollas/ Nubia, ovariectomizadas con implantes s.c. d e 17- ββ ββ β estradiol, se dividieron en dos grupos (n=6, uno de IMC alto (IMCA y otro b ajo (IMCB. Dentro de grupo de IMC se establecieron dos subgrupos (n=3; con restricción de alimento (CRCA y sin restricción temporal (SRCA. Se determinó la frecuencia de pulsos (FPLH, concentración media (CMLH y basal de LH (CBLH. Durante TA se observó disminución gradual de FPLH, CMLH y CBLH (2.08, 1.41, 0.41 pulsos/6 h; 2.1, 1.21, 0.51 ng/ml; 1.3, 0.8, 0.4 ng/ml; P <0.01. En TR aumentaron CMLH y CBLH (1.01, 1.58, 1.87 ng/ ml; 0.57, 0.98, 1.04 ng/ml; P <0.01. Cabras con IMCA presentaron mayor FPLH que las de IMCB durante TA (2.05 vs 0.55 pulsos/6 h; P <0.05 y TR (3.2 vs 0.9 pulsos/6 h; P<0.01 y mayor CMLH durante TR (2.1 vs 0.87 ng/ml; P <0.01. Durante TA, la restricción en CA provocó disminución más temprana de CMLH y CBLH en cabras con IMCA ( P <0.05, haciéndolas similares a cabras con IMCB. Independientemente del IMC, durante TR la restricción en CA disminuyó FPLH y CBLH ( P <0.05. En c abras criollas cruzadas, la secreción de LH es modulada por el IMC y el CA durante los periodos de transición reproductiva . A su vez durante TA, la restricción temporal en CA puede disminuir la secreción de LH aún en cabras con IMC alto.

Fronteiras entre meios e formas em Cabra marcado para morrer

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Hamburger,Esther Império

2017-01-01

Resumo O documentário Cabra marcado para morrer (1964-1984) apresenta uma combinação original de elementos oriundos da prática do Centro Popular de Cultura da União Nacional dos Estudantes (CPC da UNE) que produziu o filme, da experiência televisiva do diretor na equipe do Globo Repórter e da prática dos cinemas diretos. Identificar nos fragmentos de materiais filmados pelo CPC entre 1962 e 1964 em diversos locais do Nordeste e compilados com materiais filmados no início dos anos 1980 de mane...

PERCEPÇÃO DAS PUÉRPERAS QUANTO AOS CUIDADOS PRESTADOS PELA EQUIPE DE SAÚDE NO PUERPÉRIO

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Juliana Fechine Braz de Oliveira

2012-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo fue abordar la experiencia vivida por puérperas en la transición de la función maternal a partir de la atención recibida en el puerperio e identificar los conocimientos adquiridos por las puérperas mientras el postparto. Estudio exploratorio y descriptivo, con enfoque cualitativo, con puérperas que recibieron atención prenatal en las unidades de la Estrategia de Salud Familiar, de junio- agosto/2007. Se utilizó la entrevista en las visitas domiciliares. Las categorias analizadas fueron: sentimientos de las mujeres en el postparto; conocimientos de las mujeres acerca de la atención en el postparto; extensión de la atención en el postparto en el sitio; y satisfacción de las puérperas con la atención recebida. Los cuidados citados por las mujeres fueron: lactancia materna, nutrición, planificación familiar y atención al recién nacido. El postparto era asistido de forma regular, cuya atención, en su mayoría, se direccionaba al recién nacido, con poca atención a la puérpera.

Uso de la acupuntura en el tratamiento de la depresión postparto. Revisión sistemática de la literatura

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Vera Bernal, Leonor Milena

2011-01-01

Antecedentes La depresión postparto es una entidad clínica que se presenta con frecuencia y que tiene múltiples consecuencias sobre la mujer, su hijo y su núcleo familiar. El manejo convencional incluye terapia conductual, psicoterapia y medicamentos antidepresivos que tienen reacciones adversas y son mal vistos por algunos pacientes. La acupuntura es una alternativa terapéutica útil en estos casos, sin embargo este problema no ha sido abordado de manera sistemática. Obje...

Efecto de una subalimentación prolongada sobre el peso, la condición y la composición corporal de cabras adultas

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Manuel Gómez Pastén

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Para determinar la respuesta de cabras adultas a una restricción alimenticia prolongada y el efecto en su peso, condición y composición corporal, se llevó a cabo un experimento usando 21 cabras hembras encastadas de Nubia, adultas, vacías y secas. Se registró durante nueve semanas el peso, condición corporal y consumo diario. Después se dividieron completamente al azar en tres grupos, para recibir durante 36 semanas los siguientes niveles de alimentación (NA, 100, 80 y 60, como porcentaje del consumo observado previamente. Se analizó químicamente el tejido disectable, corazón, riñón e intestinos. El peso y la condición corporal disminuyeron con la restricción alimenticia y se aumentó la proporción de hueso, se redujo la de tejido disectable (media canal derecha, grasa disectable (TA, grasa peri-renal e hígado, contenido total de materia seca de corazón, riñón y líquido ruminal, proteína del riñón y extracto etéreo del corazón y tejido disectable de la canal, concentración de ADN del corazón, hígado y TA visceral y relación ARN,DN y proteína,ADN del hígado. En cuanto a la composición del TA visceral, el único ácido graso afectado fue C16,1, teniendo los animales con nivel de NA60 mayor proporción, pero en el TA subcutáneo, la restricción aumentó la proporción del C16,1, C18,1 y de ácidos grasos insaturados y redujo la proporción de los ácidos grasos saturados. Los resultados muestran la capacidad de adaptación de las cabras adultas a una malnutrición a largo plazo, mediante la utilización de combustibles metabólicos provenientes de tejido adiposo, músculo esquelético, hígado, corazón y riñón.

Eficiencia de la respuesta superovulatoria del ganado Brahman al protocolo P-24

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Roger Salgado O.; Andrés Mejía A.; Pablo Suárez S.

2011-01-01

Objetivo. Evaluar la eficiencia de la respuesta superovulatoria del ganado Brahman al protocolo P-24. Materiales y métodos. Se utilizaron doce vacas Brahman donadoras con más de 60 días postparto, a las cuales se les realizó un total de 21 tratamientos superovulatorios con base en el protocolo P-24. Se realizó la colecta de los embriones a través del método convencional y los embriones fueron clasificados (IETS). Resultados. Se obtuvo un promedio de 9.1 estructuras, 4.4 embriones transferible...

Cabra marcado para morrer: mosaico de fragmentos no documentário de Eduardo Coutinho

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Harris, Hugo de Almeida

2008-01-01

O objeto deste estudo é o documentário brasileiro "Cabra Marcado para Morrer", de Eduardo Coutinho, do qual serão analisados os elementos constitutivos, que se apresentam em forma de fragmentos recuperação da memória dos personagens, cenas remanescentes do primeiro projeto que fora interrompido pela Ditadura Militar, depoimentos, imagens de arquivo, matérias de jornais e como eles se articulam na construção de um filme que visa retratar um período histórico de forma alterna...

Iogurte probiótico produzido com leite de cabra suplementado com Bifidobacterium spp

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V Mazochi

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Avaliaram-se iogurtes de leite de cabra contendo ou não Bifidobacterium longum, B. breve, B. pseudolongum ou B. bifidum, adicionados ou não de aroma de morango. Os dados obtidos nas análises higiênico-sanitárias e físico-químicas foram dentro dos valores exigidos pela legislação brasileira; apenas o valor encontrado para lactose esteve abaixo do recomendado. Quanto às bactérias do iogurte, não houve diferença na contagem de Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus durante a estocagem, e não foi detectado Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus nas diluições utilizadas. A enumeração de Bifidobacterium spp. manteve-se entre 10(6 e 10(8UFC/mL e não diferiu entre as espécies ao longo do tempo. Considerando-se a adição ou não de aroma, a análise das variáveis tempo e aroma não mostrou diferença estatística. A contagem entre os Bifidobacterium spp. demonstrou que nenhum microrganismo apresentou um comportamento superior a outro. Na análise sensorial, as amostras de iogurtes adicionados ou não de Bifidobacterium spp. e adicionados de aroma de morango não apresentaram diferenças entre si. O estudo mostrou ser possível a elaboração de iogurte de leite de cabra adicionado de Bifidobacterium spp. e de aroma de morango com qualidade assegurada, potencial para uso probiótico e boa aceitação pelo consumidor.

Elementos para una filogeografía de la cabra montés ibérica (Capra pyrenaica schinz, 1838

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García-González, Ricardo

2011-12-01

hallazgos relativos a su paleontología y biometría. C. pyrenaica ha experimentado varios cuellos de botella poblacionales a lo largo de su historia que han producido pérdida de diversidad genética. Al mismo tiempo, numerosas traslocaciones y reforzamientos poblacionales pueden complicar la clarificación de su diferenciación genética a nivel intraespecífico. Se revisan algunas teorías actuales sobre la evolución de la especie, que contemplan su evolución reciente (últimos 18.000 años a partir de ancestros afines a C. caucasica. Se examinan con cierto detalle los caracteres morfológicos en los que se basa dicha teoría (dientes y cuernos principalmente y se evidencia la alta variabilidad de los mismos. Por otra parte, los estudios genéticos muestran una clara relación entre C. pyrenaica y el íbice de los Alpes (C. i. ibex. También muestran una diferenciación genética norte-sur entre las cabras ibéricas, ocupando el bucardo pirenaico (C. p. pyrenaica una posición intermedia. Recientes hallazgos paleontológicos ponen de manifiesto una presencia muy antigua de Capra en la península Ibérica (Pleistoceno Inferior. Se propone la hipótesis de que los descendientes de estas cabras antiguas, podrían haber entrado en contacto con cabras afines a C. ibex en los Pirineos y sur de Francia, una o varias veces a lo largo del Pleistoceno Superior. Las características intermedias, tanto genéticas como biométricas, de las extintas cabras del Pirineo, coincidirían con esta hipótesis. Se requieren más estudios paleontológicos y genéticos (incluyendo materiales fósiles y actuales, para poder dilucidar, tanto la filogenia de C. pyrenaica como su diversificación y relaciones intraespecíficas.

Suplementação materna com retinil palmitato no pós-parto imediato: consumo potencial por lactentes Suplementación materna con retinil palmitato en el post-parto inmediato: consumo potencial por lactantes Maternal supplementation with retinyl palmitate during immediate postpartum period: potential consumption by infants

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Danielle Soares Bezerra

2009-08-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito da suplementação materna com dose única de retinil palmitato no pós-parto para o fornecimento de vitamina A ao lactente. MÉTODOS: Ensaio clínico realizado em Natal (RN, entre março e dezembro de 2007, com 85 mulheres aleatoriamente distribuídas em dois grupos. As suplementações de retinil palmitato no pós-parto corresponderam à dose única de 200.000 (grupo experimento UI e 0 UI (grupo controle. A quantificação do nível de retinol no leite foi obtida pelo método de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. Com base nas concentrações de retinol obtidas no leite materno e por meio de simulações, foi calculado o consumo de vitamina A dos lactentes nos momentos 24h e 30 dias pós-parto. RESULTADOS: No momento 24h pós-parto, o fornecimento diário de retinol ao recém-nascido via colostro foi de 1,63 µmol para o grupo controle e 2,9 µmol para o grupo experimento, considerando ingestão adequada de 1,40 µmol/dia e volume de leite consumido de 500 mL/dia. Trinta dias pós-parto, esses valores corresponderam a 0,64 µmol/dia (controle e 0,89 µmol/dia (experimento, um aumento de 39% na concentração de retinol no grupo experimento em relação ao grupo controle ou 64% da recomendação para lactentes de zero a seis meses de idade. CONCLUSÕES: A suplementação materna com 200.000 UI de retinil palmitato no pós-parto imediato e a promoção de práticas de aleitamento materno são eficientes para melhorar o estado nutricional em vitamina A do binômio mãe-filho.OBJETIVO: Evaluar el efecto de la suplementación materna con dosis única de retinil palmitato en el post-parto para proveer de vitamina A al lactante. MÉTODOS: Ensayo clínico realizado en Natal (Noreste de Brasil, entre marzo y diciembre de 2007, con 85 mujeres aleatoriamente distribuidas en dos grupos. Las suplementaciones de retinil palmitato en el post-parto correspondieron a la dosis única de 200.000 (grupo experimento UI y 0 UI

Evaluación de la eficacia del calzado Masai Barefoot Technology (MBT) para la disminución del dolor y la inestabilidad lumbopélvica en el postparto

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Díaz-Meco Conde, Raquel

2017-01-01

Tesis inédita presentada en la Universidad Europea de Madrid. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Programa de Doctorado en Fisioterapia Avanzada El dolor relacionado con la falta de estabilidad lumbopélvica supone la complicación más frecuente durante el postparto. En la marcha podemos favorecer esta estabilización con el entrenamiento de determinados grupos musculares, sometiéndolos a situaciones de inestabilidad, utilizando un calzado que crea este tipo de desequilibrio. En el desarroll...

La productividad de cabras ramoneando Leucaena leucocephala en las áreas semi áridas del noroeste de Venezuela

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Clavero, Tyrone; Razz, Rosa

2009-01-01

Un experimento de campo fue realizado en las áreas semiáridas del noroeste de Venezuela para evaluar tres tipos de dietas en cabras (pastoreo de gramíneas (pasto buffel); pastoreo de gramíneas + 0.3 kg/día de alimento comercial); pastoreo de gramíneas + ramoneo restrictivo de dos horas diarias en Leucaena leucocephala) sobre la producción y composición de la leche y la tasa de crecimiento. Los datos muestran diferencias significativas (P

MODELACIÓN DE CURVAS DE PRODUCCIÓN Y COMPOSICIÓN DE LA LECHE EN UN HATO DE CABRAS F1 ALPINA x NUBIA EN SAN LUIS POTOSÍ, MÉXICO

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Vielka Jeanethe Castañeda-Bustos

2009-11-01

Full Text Available La producción de leche de cabra constituye una fuente muy importante de ingresos para los productores en las regiones áridas y semiáridas de México. Sin embargo, hay información limitada en México sobre caracterización de las curvas de producción de la leche y sus componentes. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar las curvas de lactancia y sus componentes (sólidos totales, grasa, proteína en cabras F1 Alpina x Nubia del altiplano Potosino, utilizando tres modelos matemáticos. Se evaluaron los modelos monofásico, difásico y gamma incompleta, considerando como criterios de ajuste el cuadrado medio del error, pseudo R2, criterio de información de Akaike, criterio de información Bayesiano y -2 veces el logaritmo de la verosimilitud. Para la caracterización de la curva de producción de leche el modelo difásico fue el más consistente en todos los criterios de ajuste, por lo que resultó más útil que los modelos monofásico y gamma incompleta. Para las curvas de los componentes de la leche, el mejor ajuste correspondió al modelo gamma incompleto.

Som de cabra macho: sonoridade, nordestinidade e masculinidades no forró

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Felipe Trotta

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Neste artigo serão discutidas as complexidades da construção da identidade nordestina articulada a partir de determinadas sonoridades assumidas coletivamente como “características”. Parte-se da ideia de que a noção de nordestinidade está estreitamente relacionada com a ideia de masculinidade. O tipo nordestino, cabra macho e sertanejo forte, é descrito em sons, imagens e narrativas que estabelecem um modelo de masculinidade efetivo, compartilhado em canções e timbres. Como um gênero musical estreitamente identificado com o Nordeste, o forró negocia em seu repertório modos de pensar e acionar essa masculinidade nordestina, ligada às ideias de força e virilidade. Suas sonoridades instrumentais mais características – a sanfona e, atualmente, o naipe de metais – acionam tais modelos e, deste modo, processam e atualizam tanto o pertencimento regional quanto certos modelos de masculinidade.

Avaliação Comparativa de Queijos Portugueses de Cabra e Ovelha

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Raquel Guiné

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Seis queijos portugueses produzidos unicamente com leite de ovelha ou de cabra, adquiridos numa grande superfície, foram avaliados ao nível físico (textura e cor, químico (humidade, aw, cinzas proteína e gordura e sensorial (perfil de preferência. Ao nível químico, os resultados obtidos revelam alguma variabilidade entre amostras por tipo de queijo, sendo a amostra de queijo de ovelha V a que apresentou valores de proteína e gordura mais elevados, 29,7% e 63,5%, respetivamente. Também foi essa amostra que, ao nível dos parâmetros físicos avaliados, se destacou das restantes, sendo a mais corada, com maior dureza, mastigabilidade, gomosidade, maior firmeza da casca e da pasta. Contudo, ao nível sensorial foi a amostra com menor preferência dos provadores.

VARIACIONES EN EL PESO Y LA CONDICIÓN CORPORAL POSTPARTO Y SU RELACIÓN CON ALGUNOS PARÁMETROS DE EFICIENCIA REPRODUCTIVA EN VACAS CEBÚ VARIATION IN POSPARTUM WEIGHT AND BODY CONDITION AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH SOME REPRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY PARAMETERS IN ZEBU CATTLE

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Camilo Andrés Mejía Osorio

2004-12-01

Full Text Available La presente investigación se realizó en una zona de vida de bh-T a una altura promedio de 82 msnm con temperatura de 28ºC. Se emplearon 40 vacas Cebú multíparas, en pastoreo, a las cuales se les monitorearon las variaciones de peso y de condición corporal 15 días antes del parto, al momento del parto y a partir de este cada 15 días hasta los 135 días postparto. Se recolectaron muestras sanguíneas a 25 de estas vacas para determinar la presencia de cuerpos cetónicos y realizar la dosificación de AGNE en suero. El número de parto, el peso y la condición corporal preparto y al momento del parto presentaron efecto significativo sobre el peso hasta los 120 días postparto y sobre la condición corporal hasta los 135 días postparto, cuando fueron analizados como valor absoluto (r² desde 0,32 hasta 0,95; P The present study was conducted in the bh-T life zone at an elevation of 82 masl and a mean temperature of 28°C. Forty multiparous Zebu cows in pasture were monitored for weight and body condition changes fifteen days before calving, at calving and every fifteen days for 135 days after calving. Blood samples of 25 of these cows were taken to determine the presence of ketonic bodies and conduct NEFA dosages in serum. Calving order, weight and body condition both prepartum and at calving had significant effects on weight up to 120 days postpartum and on body condition up to 135 days postpartum, when analyzed as absolute values (r² from 0,32 to 0,95; P < 0,003 and r² from 0,35 to 0,62; P < 0,001, respectively. When the same variables were analyzed as percentages of the prepartum value, calving order significantly affected weight between 15 and 60 days pospartum (r² from 0,15 to 0,21; P < 0,05. Ketone bodies were not detected via the semi-quantitative test proposed. A positive correlation was documented between weight values and body condition (r from 0,45 to 0,82; P < 0,003 and negative correlations were documented between NEFA and

LOS DÍAS LARGOS ARTIFICIALES CONSTANTES INCREMENTAN LA PRODUCCIÓN LÁCTEA EN LAS CABRAS ALPINAS DEL NORTE DE MÉXICO

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Evaristo Carrillo

2010-11-01

Full Text Available Para determinar si la aplicación de días largos artificiales durante el invierno y primavera aumenta la producción láctea de las cabras Alpinas del norte de México, un grupo testigo (GT; n=14, fue expuesto a las variaciones naturales del fotoperiodo de la región durante todo el estudio (10 h y 19 m en el solsticio de invierno y 13 h con 41 m durante el solsticio de verano, mientras otro grupo experimental (GE; n=15, se sujetó a un tratamiento de días largos constantes (16 h de luz/8 h de oscuridad del 1 de diciembre al 19 de abril. La producción de leche al inicio del estudio (día 0 = 45 ± 0.6 días posparto fue similar en los dos grupos (P>0.05, mientras que del día 14 hasta el día 112 del estudio, fue diferente entre los dos grupos (3.2 ± 0.07 vs. 2.7 ± 0.06 lts/día/animal GE vs. GT; P

Risk factors associated with the occurrence of gastrointestinal helminths in dairy goats kept in grazing systemFatores de riscos associados à ocorrência de helmintos gastrintestinais em cabras leiteiras mantidas em sistema de pastejo

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Adivaldo Henrique Fonseca

2012-05-01

Full Text Available Infection due to the gastrointestinal nematodes can negatively interact with the productive performance of dairy goats, and in some cases can induce mortality in the flocks. The objective was to study the influence of season, parturition order, postpartum, lactation and breed standard on the population of helminths in dairy goats. 31 goats were used, with 15 Saanen and 16 F1 (½ Boer + ½ Saanen. Of these, 13 were from the 1st lactation and 18 from the 2nd or more lactations. The highest fecal egg counts occurred during the summer and spring, with FEC in Saanen higher (p Infecção por nematóides gastrointestinais pode interagir negativamente com a performace produtiva de cabras de leite, e em alguns casos induzir a mortalidade em rebanhos. Objetivou-se conhecer a influência da estação do ano, ordem de parto, periparto, lactação e padrão racial sobre a população de helmintos em cabras leiteiras. Foram utilizadas 31 cabras, sendo 15 Saanen e 16 F1 (½ Saanen + ½ Bôer. Destas, 13 eram de 1º lactação e 18 de 2º ou mais lactações. As maiores contagens de OPG ocorreram no verão e primavera, sendo o OPG dos animais Saanen superior (p < 0,01 ao dos F1 (½ Saanen + ½ Bôer. Os animais de 1º lactação apresentaram OPG superior (p < 0,004 ao dos animais de 2º ou mais lactação. Durante o periparto as maiores contagem de OPG para os dois padrões raciais foram na semana do parto (p < 0,05, seguida pelo pós-parto e pré-parto. No periparto as cabras Saanen apresentaram OPG superior (p < 0,02 aos F1 e as primíparas (p < 0,008 em relação as pluríparas. Animais F1 são resistentes a helmintos quando comparado a animais Saanen, demonstrando que o cruzamento de raças resistentes com raças de alta produção é uma alternativa viável para aumentar a produtividade sem comprometer a estabilidade parasitaria do rebanho. O periparto constitui fator de risco associado á ocorrência de helmintos gastrintestinais, especialmente em cabras

Authorship in the interstices of history, biography, reality and memory: Histoire(s du Cinema and Cabra Marcado para Morrer

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Cecília Sayad

2006-12-01

Full Text Available Este artigo contrasta Histoire(s du cinéma de Jean-Luc Godard e Cabra Marcado Para Morrer de Eduardo Coutinho, estão engajadas com a questão da autoria no cinema. Enquanto a imagem de Godard enfatiza a capacidade que tem um filme de transmitir a visão de mundo pessoal de um artista, a presença de Coutinho na tela funciona menos como um meio de subjetivar a obra do que como um catalizador instigando cetas reações nos "atores" filmados.

Alterações nos parâmetros hematológico durante a gestação e no pós-parto de cabras da raça Saanen criadas no sul do Espírito Santo

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Aline Pacheco

Full Text Available Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o perfil hematológico de cabras da raça Saanen em diferentes fases da gestação e no pós-parto. Para sua realização foram utilizadas 24 cabras gestantes e 10 não gestantes da raça Saanen, criadas em condições intensivas no município de Alegre, Espírito Santo. As amostras foram coletadas dos 60 aos 135 dias de gestação, com intervalos de 15 dias entre as coletas. Após a parição foram realizadas mais duas coletas, também com intervalos de 15 dias. As amostras de sangue coletadas foram refrigeradas até a chegada ao laboratório, onde foi realizado o eritrograma e a leucometria global em analisador automático e as contagens diferenciais em esfregaço sanguíneo. Após análise dos resultados pode-se observar que, nas cabras avaliadas, houve influência do período de gestação, do pós-parto e da ordem de parto sobre os valores do eritrograma. Todos parâmetros avaliados, exceto VGM, diminuiram com o avançar da gestação até os quinze dias pós-parto, sendo que as maiores alterações ocorreram no final da gestação. A leucometria global (LG e específica também apresentaram diferenças significativas de acordo com o estado fisiológicos das fêmeas. Os valores médios de LG foram de 10.579 a 15.836 leucócitos/mm3. Fêmeas não gestantes apresentaram maiores valores de LG, diminuindo com a gestação até os 15 dias do pós-parto. Trinta dias pós-parto o valor de LG aumentou, assemelhando-se aos valores das cabras não gestantes. Os valores absolutos de neutrófilos segmentados seguiram a mesma tendência da LG. A quantidade de linfócitos apresentou diminuição a partir dos 120 dias de gestação, aumentando a partir dos trinta dias pós-parto. A quantidade de eosinófilos não sofreu alteração de acordo com o estado fisiológico e a quantidade de basófilos foi maior em fêmeas não gestantes. Para monócitos os resultados foram em geral superiores nas cabras não gestantes

Desarrollo de yogurt con capacidad antioxidante elaborado con leche de cabra (Capra hircus y tomate de árbol (Cyphomandra betacea Sendtn.

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Carlos Enrique Alvarado Carrasco

2011-12-01

Full Text Available El desarrollo de productos es el proceso secuencial de encontrar ideas para nuevos bienes y servicios, para convertirlas en productos comercialmente exitosos, seguros, beneficiosos para el consumidor y manufacturados de manera rentable. En el presente trabajo se siguieron todos los pasos de un Desarrollo Exploratorio en la elaboración de un yogurt a partir leche de cabra (Capra hircus, saborizado con una mermelada de tomate de árbol (Cyphomandra betacea Sendtn. para incrementar su capacidad antioxidante gracias a su contenido de polifenoles y otros componentes bioactivos. Se partió de un concepto de producto evaluado favorablemente por un grupo de consumidores y de criterios de formulación basados en la norma venezolana para yogurt COVENIN 2393:2001. La fórmula final seleccionada fue sometida a análisis físicos, químicos, microbiológicos y sensoriales para su caracterización. Los resultados corroboraron el cumplimiento de lo establecido en la norma. Se cuantificó su actividad antioxidante, mediante la prueba ‘oxigen radical absorbance capacity’, antes y después de la adición de la mermelada de tomate de árbol, encontrándose que la capacidad antioxidante del yogurt saborizado fue 71 % mayor que la del yogurt natural. Por tanto, la incorporación de la mermelada de tomate de árbol permite incrementar la capacidad antioxidante del yogurt de leche de cabra.

Desarrollo de yogurt con capacidad antioxidante elaborado con leche de cabra (Capra hircus y tomate de árbol (Cyphomandra betacea Sendtn.

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Carlos Enrique Alvarado Carrasco

2011-01-01

Full Text Available El desarrollo de productos es el proceso secuencial de encontrar ideas para nuevos bienes y servicios, para convertirlas en productos comercialmente exitosos, seguros, beneficiosos para el consumidor y manufacturados de manera rentable. En el presente trabajo se siguieron todos los pasos de un Desarrollo Exploratorio en la elaboración de un yogurt a partir leche de cabra (Capra hircus, saborizado con una mermelada de tomate de árbol (Cyphomandra betacea Sendtn. para incrementar su capacidad antioxidante gracias a su contenido de polifenoles y otros componentes bioactivos. Se partió de un concepto de producto evaluado favorablemente por un grupo de consumidores y de criterios de formulación basados en la norma venezolana para yogurt COVENIN 2393:2001. La fórmula final seleccionada fue sometida a análisis físicos, químicos, microbiológicos y sensoriales para su caracterización. Los resultados corroboraron el cumplimiento de lo establecido en la norma. Se cuantificó su actividad antioxidante, mediante la prueba ‘oxigen radical absorbance capacity’, antes y después de la adición de la mermelada de tomate de árbol, encontrándose que la capacidad antioxidante del yogurt saborizado fue 71 % mayor que la del yogurt natural. Por tanto, la incorporación de la mermelada de tomate de árbol permite incrementar la capacidad antioxidante del yogurt de leche de cabra.

Dairy goat health management and milk production on organic and conventional system in BrazilEstudo comparativo da produção e manejo sanitário entre cabras leiteiras orgânica e convencional no Brasil

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Jenevaldo Barbosa da Silva

2013-06-01

Full Text Available The aimed of this article is to measure risk factors on health and milk production on organic and conventional dairy goats in Brazil. Two experimental groups (organic and conventional were evaluated simultaneously. The study design was completely randomized. The organic herd consisted of 25 goats and 15 kids. In the conventional production system, a dairy herd comprising 40 goats and 20 kids participated in the study. Data on milk production and health management were available from January 2007 to December 2009. The abortion rate in the conventional system was 5% (2/40 whereas in organic system no abortion was diagnosed (0/25. The mortality rate at weaning in the conventional system was 5% (2/40 and in the organic system was 8% (2/25. Milk production was lower (2.20 kg/day in organic than conventional system (2.66 kg/day. Goats and kids in organic farm had a higher FEC (386±104 and 900±204, respectively (p O objetivo do artigo foi mensurar os fatores de risco referentes ao manejo sanitário e a produção entre cabras leiteiras sob sistema orgânico e convencional. Dois grupos experimentais (orgânico e convencional foram conduzidos simultaneamente. O desenho do estudo foi o inteiramente casualizado. O rebanho orgânico consistiu de 25 cabras e 15 cabritos e o sistema convencional por 40 cabras e 20 cabritos. Os parâmetros produtivos e sanitários foram monitorados entre janeiro de 2007 a dezembro de 2009. No sistema convencional, houve uma taxa de aborto de 5% (2/40, enquanto que no sistema orgânico nenhum aborto foi diagnosticado (0/25. A taxa de mortalidade ao desmame no sistema convencional foi de 5% (2/40 e no sistema orgânico foi de 8% (2/25. A produção de leite média diária por cabra no rebanho leiteiro orgânico (2,20 kg/dia foi mais baixa do que a do rebanho convencional (2,66 kg/dia. Os resultados indicaram que as cabras e cabritos mantidos em fazenda orgânica (386±104 e 900±204, respectivamente apresentaram maiores

Utilización del medio Mrs-s en el aislamiento de bacterias lácticas mesofilas en leche de cabra Utilización del medio Mrs-s en el aislamiento de bacterias lacticas mesofilas en leche de cabra

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Fortes F. Celia L. de Luces

1990-12-01

Full Text Available Con el fin de evaluar el MRS-S (Sorbato al 0.10% en el aislamiento de bacterias lácticas se cultivaron muestras de leche de cabra cruda en MRS-S y PCA en profundidad y se incubaron en aerobiósis a 320C durante 48 horas. Los cocos gram positivos, catalasa negativos que crecieron en MRS-S se aislaron y sometieron a caracterización preliminar a través del crecimiento en agar MRS-S, MRS-T (tetraciclina 0.20 µg/ml, N-L (bacterias aromáticas, reducción de la leche tornasolada a 40 y 21oC y crecimiento a 45 y 10oC.Las cepas seleccionadas se sometieron a caracterización fisiológica y Bioquímica. El medio MRS-S mostró ser efectivo con un porcentaje de inhibición de la flora indeseable del 86.56%, y adecuado por el aislamiento de Lactococcus. De acuerdo con los perfiles taxonómicos se consiguió aislar de un total de 156 colonias dos Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis y un Lactococcus lactis biovar diacetilactis.With the objective of evaluating the MRS-S (0.10% of sorbate in the isolation of lactic bacteria samples of raw goat milk were cultivated in MRS-S and PCA in deep and incubated in aerobic conditions for 48 hours al 32oC. Gram positive coccus, negative catalase which grew in MRS-S were isolated and preliminarly characterized through the growing process in agar MRS-S, MRS-T (O.20ltg/ml tetracycline, N-L (aromatic bacteria, litmus milk reduction at 40 and 210C and growing at 45 and 10oC. Selected strains were subject to the physiological and biochemical characterization. MRS-S media showed to be effective with an 86.56% of inhibition for indesirable bacteria and adequated for Lactococcus isolation. Related to taxonomic profiles from 156 colonies were isolated two lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis and one Lactococcus luctis biovar diacetilactis.

Esofagitis eosinofílica por sensibilización a proteínas de leche de cabra y oveja Eosinophilic esophagitis due to allergy to sheep and goat milk proteins

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M. Armisén

2008-01-01

Full Text Available La esofagitis eosinofílica, entidad caracterizada por la infiltración de la mucosa esofágica por más de 20 eosinófilos por campo de gran aumento, se suele presentar en forma de disfagia intermitente de larga evolución, pudiendo estar asociada a sensibilización alérgica a aeroalérgenos y/o alimentos. Presentamos el caso de un varón con clínica de disfagia intermitente coincidiendo con la toma de quesos curados de oveja y cabra que precisó asistencia urgente tras la impactación de un comprimido de ibuprofeno a 30 cm de la arcada dentaria. El estudio practicado demostró la existencia de estenosis en el esófago a ese nivel con infiltración eosinofílica difusa y sensibilización a proteínas de la leche de cabra, oveja y vaca, con especial relevancia para la IgG bovina, lactoferrina y albúmina sérica. Tras tratamiento con fluticasona deglutida y medidas de evitación se consiguió la resolución del cuadro clínico y la desaparición de los eosinófilos en la mucosa.Eosinophilic esophagitis is an inflammatory disease of the esophagus characterized by the presence of high numbers of eosinophils in the esophageal mucosal layer (> 20 high-power field. It is uncommon in adults but in such cases intermittent dysphagia and food impaction are the most common presenting symptoms. We report the case of a male with long-standing intermittent dysphagia after eating selected goat and sheep cheese types, who required medical help following the impaction of an ibuprofen pill in the esophagus. A biopsy demonstrated the presence of eosinophilic inflammation, and allergy testing showed specific IgE against proteins in the milk of goats and sheep. Topical steroid therapy with oral fluticasone, and the elimination of these dairy products from the diet induced complete symptom resolution, and biopsy specimens taken 4 months later showed no eosinophils.

Hipertensión pulmonar postparto

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Juan Pablo Escalante

2015-02-01

Full Text Available La presencia de hipertensión pulmonar (HP en el embarazo es poco frecuente y conlleva un alto riesgo para madres e hijos. Existe escasa bibliografía relacionada al diagnóstico de la misma luego del parto. Se describen tres pacientes a quienes se diagnostica HP luego de cursar sus embarazos y partos libres de eventos. A pesar de desconocerse las causas, son varios los mecanismos propuestos, como la hipercoagulabilidad, la hipoxia placentaria o la embolia de líquido amniótico. Resulta difícil definir si la HP diagnosticada en el puerperio, corresponde a una HP en período asintomático que fue desenmascarada por el estrés fisiológico del parto o es una condición de reciente comienzo. A pesar de la falta de datos que avalen la ausencia de HP previa al embarazo en nuestras tres casos, el curso libre de eventos en sus embarazos, sin síntomas y con partos normales, indican que no padecían esta enfermedad hasta el momento del parto, y que la desarrollaron posteriormente. De haberla padecido antes se hubieran presentado síntomas previos al parto o en el puerperio inmediato, ya que las demandas hemodinámicas deterioran gravemente a un ventrículo con poca reserva.

Características das papilas o dorso da língua de cabras (Capra hircus: estudo por de microscopia eletrônica de varredura e luz

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Erika Toledo da Fonseca

2011-12-01

Full Text Available A morfologia das papilas linguais da cabra doméstica (Capra hircus foi estudada por Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV e Microscopia de luz. Papilasfiiliformes, cônicas e lentiformes possuem função mecânica, enquanto que as papilas fungiformes e as valadas possuem função gustativa. As papilasfiiliformes estavam distribuídas por toda a extensão da língua, nas superfícies dorsal e lateral. Possuem um formato cônico com a extremidade pontiaguda direcionada caudalmente. Possuem vários processos secundários, de tamanhos diferentes, com a mesma orientação. A histologia revelou abundante tecido queratinizado. As papilas fungiformes foram observadas nas superfícies dorsal e lateral do ápice e do corpo da língua. Possuem formato semelhante a cogumelos, com epitélio corni[1]icado espesso e botões gustativos distribuídos na superfície. As papilas lentiformes se distribuíam na linha mediana da parte mais dorsal do toro, com projeções elevadas além da superfície da língua. Algumas apresentavam o formato de pirâmide e outras um formato mais achatado. As papilas valadas foram encontradas na superfície lateral da parte mais caudal do toro. Possuem formato arredondado, envolvido por um sulco pouco profundo. Possuem botões gustativos na parede lateral que se abrem no sulco. As papilas cônicas foram observadas no toro da língua e possuem formato alongado, com base larga e ponta romba. Embora as principais características morfológicas e estruturais do epitélio lingual sejam específicas da espécie, o tipo de alimentação e os hábitos alimentares podem influenciar na sua estrutura. Assim, o presente trabalho fornece uma descrição histológica e ultraestrutural da língua de cabras domésticas submetidas à alimentação baseada em gramíneas e ração.

Efecto de la alimentación con grasa sobrepasante sobre la produccióny composición de leche de cabra en condiciones tropicales

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Salvador, Alejandro; Alvarado, Carlos; Contreras Solis, Ignacio; Betancourt, Ricardo; Gallo, Jorge; Caigua, Allan

2009-01-01

Para evaluar el efecto del consumo de un suplemento de grasa sobrepasante y del número de partos se evaluaron 31 cabras de alto mestizaje (5/8 a 3/4) ubicadas en Maracay, Venezuela. Se evaluó la producción de leche durante una lactancia, días en lactancia, características y componentes de la leche, los cambios de peso, condición corporal, triglicéridos y colesterol sanguíneos. Se utilizaron modelos estadísticos lineales aditivos con medidas repetidas en el tiempo mediante Proc GLM y una prueb...

ABORTO NO INFECCIOSO EN CAPRINOS

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Francisco J. Pastor

2006-10-01

Full Text Available Las pérdidas por abortos constituyen la principal falla reproductiva de los caprinos en sistemas extensivos donde se presenta una restricción alimenticia durante la gestación. Los abortos en estas condiciones suelen presentarse en más de la mitad de las cabras gestantes. El alto número de abortos en cabras en condiciones de escasez de forraje obedece a la particular estrategia reproductiva de la cabra, la cual “responde” al estímulo del macho cabrío, aun con bajas reservas corporales de energía, y una vez gestante, la cabra continúa o suspende la preñez, según la disponibilidad de nutrientes. Bajo condiciones intensivas y en diversas áreas geográficas, se presenta una mayor ocurrencia de abortos en cabras lecheras de origen Europeo, en comparación com cabras no lecheras (nativas. En climas templados poco extremosos, las cabras lecheras son menos propensas a abortar durante las épocas más calurosas del año, en comparacióncon las épocas más frías. La ausencia de cuernos, una pobre condición corporal, la gestación de más de un feto y la deficiencia de magnesio, cobre y selenio son factores importantes de riesgo de abortos en caprinos. La deficiencia de fósforo provoca también el aborto en caprinos, aunque esto sólo se ha demostrado forzando artificialmente esta deficiencia. Se han documentado además abortos en cabras tratadas com antihelmínticos y en animales que han consumido algunas plantas de zonas áridas con fitotoxinas. PALABRAS-CHAVE: Condición corporal, desnutrición, edad, peso corporal, plantas tóxicas.

Calidad nutricional y consumo de morera (Morus alba, ramio (Bohemeria nivea (L Gaud y sorgo negro forrajero (Sorghum almum en cabras

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Jorge Elizondo Salazar

2004-01-01

Full Text Available Calidad y consumo de morera (Morus alba, ramio (Bohemeria nivea (L Gaud y sorgo negro forrajero (Sorghum almum en cabras. El experimento se llevó a cabo en la Estación Experimental Alfredo Volio Mata de la Universidad de Costa Rica. Se evaluó y comparó el consumo de morera, ramio y sorgo negro forrajero en nueve cabras raza La Mancha, con un peso promedio de 38 (±1 kg, distribuidas en un diseño de cuadrado latino 3 x 3 repetido. Los tratamientos experimentales fueron: a dieta única de morera, b dieta única de ramio y c dieta única de sorgo negro. La morera con una edad de rebrote de 90 días, el ramio con 56 días y el sorgo negro con 70 días. El forraje se suministró en forma fresca picada (tallos y hojas. Se recolectaron muestras del material ofrecido y rechazado para el análisis de materia seca, proteína cruda y fibra neutro detergente. Se observaron diferencias altamente significativas (P≤0,01 para el consumo de forraje fresco, materia seca, proteína cruda y fibra neutro detergente. La ingesta de materia seca para los diferentes tratamientos se encontró dentro del rango reportado en la literatura, siendo de 1,94, 0,97 y 0,90 del peso vivo respectivamente. Con los consumos de proteína cruda obtenidos con la dieta de morera y ramio, los animales cubrieron sus necesidades de mantenimiento y suplieron el nutrimento de forma extra para alcanzar ganancias de peso diarias superiores a los 50 gramos. La dieta que presentó los mayores niveles de consumo de forraje verde, forraje seco, proteína cruda y fibra neutro detergente fue la correspondiente a morera, seguida de la dieta de ramio.

Haptoglobin and serum amyloid a in subacute ruminal acidosis in goats

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F.H.D. González

2010-01-01

Full Text Available La acidosis ruminal es un trastorno frecuente en cabras como consecuencia de errores en el manejo alimentario en animales no adaptados a dietas que contienen carbohidratos fácilmente fermentables. La forma subaguda de la enfermedad es de difícil diagnóstico toda vez que no muestra evidencia de signos clínicos claros y los parámetros ácido-básicos pueden permanecer en el rango normal. El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo probar la hipótesis de que la haptoglobina y la proteína amilóide sérica A, las dos proteínas de fase aguda más importantes en rumiantes, pueden ser útiles como marcadores de acidosis subaguda en cabras. Se indujo acidosis ruminal a seis cabras de la raza Murciano-Granadina, no adaptadas al consumo de concentrado, mediante el suministro de una dieta con 60% de concentrado y 40% de heno de alfalfa durante 5 días. Dos cabras fueron sometidas a fistulación ruminal para comprobar el efecto del tratamiento sobre el pH del rumen. A todos los animales se les tomaron muestras de sangre y orina el día anterior a la inducción, durante el período de inducción y hasta 18 días después de la inducción (período de recuperación. El pH ruminal cayó a menos de 5,5 durante el período de inducción de acidosis en las cabras fistuladas, mientras que la mitad de las cabras tuvieron diarrea al tercer día de la inducción de acidosis. Los parámetros gasométricos indicaron que los mecanismos compensatorios fueron eficientes para mantener el equilibrio ácido-básico. La haptoglobina sérica presentó un aumento moderado durante el período de inducción de acidosis, mientras que la amilóide sérica A no presentó cambios. Los resultados sugieren que la haptoglobina puede utilizarse como un potencial indicador de acidosis ruminal en cabras.

Heterogeneidad del color en formulaciones de merkén elaboradas a partir de ecotipos de ají (Capsicum annuum L.) cv. "Cacho de cabra"

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Leonelli Cantergiani, Gina N; Díaz Becerra, Christian M; Tighe Neira, Ricardo M; Castillo Rubio, Claudia G; Pardo Díaz, Fernando L.; Birlouez-Aragon, Inès

2011-01-01

En el presente trabajo se evaluó la heterogeneidad del color en cinco muestras de merkén formuladas a partir de ecotipos de ají, Capsicum annuum L., cv. "Cacho de cabra" cultivados en la Región de La Araucanía y Región del Maule, Chile. La evaluación se realizó mediante la extracción y cuantificación del contenido de carotenoides. Las variables evaluadas en la cuantificación de carotenoides fueron carotenoides rojos (R) y carotenoides amarillo-naranja (A). Además, se utilizó el sistema de col...

LA CABRA Y LOS SISTEMAS DE PRODUCCIÓN CAPRINA DE LOS PEQUEÑOS PRODUCTORES DE LA COMARCA LAGUNERA, EN EL NORTE DE MÉXICO

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Luis Manuel Escareño Sánchez

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Se llevó a cabo un estudio base en la Comarca Lagunera en el norte de México con el fin de evaluar el potencial para la implementación de un programa de mejoramiento. Se aplicó una encuesta a 64 productores, con el fin de documentar el sistema de producción. Se realizó una caracterización fenotípica de la población caprina; se registraron medidas corporales de 509 animales. El sistema se diferenció en insatisfacción de la producción, distancia a las áreas urbanas y tipo de trabajadores. La alimentación de los animales se basa en el pastoreo con una suplementación mínima. Las medidas corporales incluyen: altura a la cruz (77.0 ± 0.3 cm, circunferencia del pecho (87.0 ± 0.3 cm y longitud del cuerpo (78.0 ± 0.3 cm, obtenidas hasta los 4 años de edad. Edad al primer estro = 6.9 meses, edad al primer servicio = 8.3 meses, intervalo entre partos = 1 año, longitud de lactación =7.4 meses y crías promedio por parto =6.3. La mayoría de los productores (40 % evalúa a sus hembras en base a la producción y a los fenotipos (no se cuenta con un registro. El principal recurso para los machos se obtiene fuera del rebaño, sin considerar las características de adaptación y productividad. Todos los productores comentan que las cabras de raza europea con alto porcentaje de mejoramiento genético muestran problemas de adaptación. Se considera importante, un sistema basado en la comunidad, que permita un acceso a animales mejorados y que considere los objetivos de los productores.

The dominance of cyanobacteria in Mediterranean hypereutrophic lagoons: a case study of Cabras Lagoon (Sardinia, Italy

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Silvia Pulina

2011-02-01

Full Text Available An intense proliferation of cyanobacteria in Cabras Lagoon was investigated over a period of two years (July 2007 to June 2009. The influence of environmental and meteorological parameters in the lagoon on temporal variations in cyanobacteria orders was assessed. For 17 months, Chroococcales was the only cyanobacterial order observed in the lagoon. Cyanobium-type cells (Reynolds functional group Z were the most abundant phytoplankton taxon during this period. In the following months, drastic changes in the cyanobacteria assemblages occurred simultaneously with constant, intense rainfall that led to a sudden drop in the lagoon’s salinity. The succession of autumn–winter Oscillatoriales (Planktothrix sp. and Pseudanabaena catenata; Reynolds functional group S1 and late spring growth of Nostocales (Aphanizomenon gracile, Aphanizomenon aphanizomenoides, and Anabaenopsis circularis; Reynolds functional group H1 was monitored. Canonical Correspondence Analysis was carried out to quantify the influence of environmental variables, and indicated strong relationships between Chroococcales and salinity, Oscillatoriales and higher values of SRP and the DIN/SRP ratio, and Nostocales and lower nutrient concentrations, the DIN/SRP ratio and salinity.

PEARL MILLET AS SUBSTITUTE OF CORN IN FEEDING TO DAIRY GOATS UTILIZAÇÃO DO MILHETO COMO SUBSTITUTO DO MILHO EM RAÇÕES PARA CABRAS LEITEIRAS

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Aldi Fernandes de Souza França

2007-09-01

objetivo de avaliar a utilização do milheto, sob a forma de grãos com panícula, como substituto do milho em rações para cabras leiteiras. Dezesseis cabras foram distribuídas em um delineamento em quadrado latino e submetidas a quatro tratamentos que constavam da substituição do milho desintegrado com palha e sabugo (MDPS pelo milheto em rações, onde foi medida a produção de leite em duas ordenhas diárias. Os níveis de substituição utilizados foram: 0%, 25%, 50% e 75% de MDPS por milheto (tratamentos 1, 2, 3 e 4, respectivamente. Os resultados obtidos em termos de médias de produção de litros de leite por cabra /por dia foram: T1 = 4,47; T2 = 4,62; T3 = 4,91 e T4 = 4,77. Não se observou diferença significativa pelo teste de Tukey ao nível de 5% de probabilidade.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Milheto; cabras leiteiras; ração.

Beliefs and taboos related to the care after delivery: their meaning for a women group Creencias y tabúes relacionados al cuidado en el postparto: el significado para un grupo de mujeres Crenças e tabus relacionados ao cuidado no pós-parto: o significado para um grupo de mulheres

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Juliana Stefanello

2008-01-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To identify the meaning of care in the puerperal phase, within the family context. METHODS: It is a qualitative research, developed with 12 puerperal women and their relatives, who helped them with care after delivery. Data collection was performed by means of semi-structured interviews. The data were analyzed based on the technique of thematic content analysis. RESULTS: In the postnatal period, care needs to be doubled, as it affects mother and child, besides the body vulnerability, which is open to diseases. In articulation with these ideas, the recommendations and restrictions as components of postpartum care are justified. CONCLUSION: Care in the puerperal phase is a feminine practice filled with beliefs and taboos that grants women with power of agents in this process, since she bears the knowledge of many generations at the same time that they act as subjects and reinvent the previously established systems, constructing themselves as mothers.OBJETIVO: Identificar los significados del cuidado en la fase puerperal en el contexto familiar. MÉTODOS: Se trata de una investigación cualitativa, desarrollada con 12 puérperas y respectivos familiares (11 que las auxiliaban en el cuidado del postparto. Se utilizó entrevistas semi-estructuradas. Los datos fueron analizados con base en la técnica de análisis de contenido, modalidad temática. RESULTADOS: En el puerperio es preciso tener un cuidado extremo, por tener efectos en la madre y el hijo además de la vulnerabilidad del cuerpo, susceptible a enfermedades. Articuladas a estas ideas es que se justifican las recomendaciones y restricciones como componentes del cuidado en el postparto. CONCLUSIÓN: El cuidado en la fase puerperal es una práctica femenina permeada de creencias y tabúes, que otorga a las mujeres un poder de agentes en ese proceso, ya que traen consigo conocimientos de muchas generaciones a la vez que actúan como sujetos y reinventan sistemas establecidos

ANÁLISE SENSORIAL E MICROBIOLÓGICA DE KEFIR ARTESANAL PRODUZIDO A PARTIR DE LEITE DE CABRA E DE LEITE DE VACA

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Felipe Alves de Almeida

2011-02-01

Full Text Available O kefir vem sendo considerado como um alimento funcional, produzido através da fermentação lática e alcoólica do leite por bactérias e leveduras, possuindo consistência semelhante à de um iogurte, mas de valor nutricional e terapêutico muito maior. É originário das montanhas dos Cáucaso e da Ásia Central tendo sido consumido por milhares de anos pela população das montanhas que relacionam seu uso diário com a longevidade e saúde. O objetivo deste trabalho foi elaborar um kefir a base de leite de vaca e outro a base de leite de cabra e avaliar suas características microbiológicas e a aceitabilidade de cada um dos produtos.

Diet digestibility and production performance in dairy goats consuming plant oils

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Martínez Marín, Andrés L.; Pérez Hernández, Manuel; Pérez Alba, L.M.; Carrión-Pardo, D.; Gómez-Castro, A.G.

2012-01-01

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue investigar el efecto de la adición de aceite vegetal y su grado de insaturación sobre la digestibilidad aparente y los parámetros productivos de cabras en lactación. Doce cabras de raza Malagueña fueron asignadas al azar a uno de cuatro tratamientos: sin aceite (CONTROL) y 48 g/d de aceite de girasol alto oleico (GAO), aceite de girasol normal (GN) o aceite de lino (LIN). La dieta base estuvo compuesta por heno de alfalfa y un concentrado en el que se incl...

Influência do consumo alimentar na gestação sobre a retenção de peso pós-parto Influencia del consumo alimentario en la gestación sobre la retención de peso post-parto Influence of dietary intake during gestation on postpartum weight retention

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Ana Paula Bortoletto Martins

2011-10-01

gestantes adultas y saludables que iniciaron el pre-natal en servicio público de salud en el Municipio de Sao Paulo, Sureste de Brasil, entre abril y junio de 2005. Las medidas de peso y estatura fueron comparadas en la primera entrevista (hasta 16 semanas de gestación y la medida de peso fue repetida en visita domiciliar 15 días posterior al parto. El Recordatorio de 24 horas fue usado para evaluar el consumo alimentario y fue aplicado en los tres trimestres de la gestación. Fue calculado el consumo promedio de grasa saturada, fibras, azúcar adicionado, gaseosas, alimentos procesados, frutas, verduras y legumbres y la densidad energética de la dieta. La retención de peso fue obtenida por la diferencia entre la medida de peso post-parto y la primera medida realizada. La influencia de la alimentación sobre la retención de peso post-parto fue evaluada por medio de análisis de regresión linear múltiple y fue realizada la prueba para tendencia linear. Las variables utilizadas para ajuste del modelo fueron: índice de masa corporal en el inicio de la gestación, estatura, renta familiar per capita, tabaquismo, edad y escolaridad maternos. RESULTADOS: El índice de masa corporal inicial promedio fue de 24 kg/m2 y la retención promedio de peso fue de 1,9 kg. El aumento del consumo de grasa saturada (p=0,005 y alimentos procesados (p=0,014 aumentaron de forma significativa la retención de peso post-parto, posterior al ajuste por las variables de control. Las demás variables de consumo alimentario no presentaron relación significativa con la retención de peso post-parto. CONCLUSIONES: El mayor consumo de alimentos no saludables, como alimentos procesados, y de grasa saturada influencia el aumento de la retención de peso post-parto.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of dietary intake during gestation on postpartum weight retention. METHODS: A total of 82 healthy pregnant women who began prenatal care at public healthcare services in the Municipality of São Paulo

Tendencias genéticas y fenotípicas para características de producción y composición de la leche en cabras Saanen de México

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José Antonio Torres-Vázquez; Mauricio Valencia-Posadas; Héctor Castillo-Juárez; Hugo H. Montaldo

2010-01-01

Con el objetivo de estimar las tendencias genéticas y fenotípicas, se analizaron registros de primera lactancia estandarizados a 305 días para producción de leche (MILK, n=1041), producción de grasa (FAT, n=487), producción de proteína (PROT, n=477), producción de lactosa (LACT, n=401), contenido de grasa (%FAT, n=487), contenido de proteína (%PROT, n=477) y contenido de lactosa (%LACT, n=401), obtenidos entre 2000 y 2006 en 10 rebaños de cabras Saanen de Guanajuato, México. Los valores genét...

Enfermedad periodontal y embarazo. Revisión de la literatura

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B. María De Los Ángeles Herane, DRA.

2014-11-01

Full Text Available La gingivitis del embarazo es una enfermedad inflamatoria producida por bacterias con una alta prevalencia, que va del 35 al 100%, según estudios. La severidad de la gingivitis aumentó gradualmente y alcanzó su peak en el tercer trimestre, seguido por una súbita disminución de la severidad en postparto, el cual se correlacionó con un aumento gradual en el nivel plasmático de progesterona y niveles de estrógenos que alcanzan su peak en el tercer trimestre y que sufren una repentina caída después del postparto. La asociación entre gingivitis y aumento de los esteroides sexuales sistémicos ha sido extensamente reportada y los mecanismos biológicos detrás de este florido estado inflamatorio han sido estudiados por décadas. Este artículo muestra el rol de las hormonas sexuales femeninas en la gravedad de la gingivitis aunque la higiene bucal sea buena constantemente.

Evaluación de la calidad higiénico sanitaria y de composición de leche de cabra en un rebaño de la raza Saanen

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Lucía Dora Grille Peés

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Uruguay es un país lechero y sus reglamentaciones son referidas principalmente a leche bovina. La leche de cabra es un alimento completo, recomendado para niños y adultos mayores, pero su estudio ha sido escaso en el país. Se estudió la calidad higiénico-sanitaria y de composición de leche caprina en un rebaño de raza Saanen durante un ciclo de lactancia. Se utilizaron 25 animales y se obtuvieron muestras de tanque quincenalmente. Se analizaron recuento de mesófilos aerobios totales (RMAT, coliformes totales (CT y Staphylococcus coagulasa positiva (SCP, recuento de células somáticas (RCS, composición, ácidos grasos, acidez Dörnic, pH y densidad. Los resultados fueron: RMAT de 3,85±0,69 ufc/ml Log10, RCS 6,91±.0,55 cel/ml Log10, CT2,47±0,84 ufc/ml Log10, SCP 1,13±0,29 ufc/ml Log10. Se obtuvieron valores de grasa: 3,58±0,69%, proteína: 2,71±0,07%, lactosa:3,84±0,10%, acidez: 14,19±0,39 ºD, pH: 6,66±0,06 y densidad: 1,026±0,26 g/ml, concordantes con trabajos realizados en animales sanos para la misma raza. Los ácidos grasos de cadena corta (caproico, caprílico, cáprico representan un 12% de los ácidos grasos totales, valores superiores a la leche de vaca (≈ 5%. Los resultados obtenidos son útiles para una futura reglamentación en leche de cabra. Por sus diferencias con la de vaca es importante generar estándares específicos.

Effect of selenium-vitamin E injection in selenium-deficient dairy goats and kids on the Mexican plateau Efeito do selênio e da vitamina E sobre a produtividade de cabras e cabritos no México

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J.E. Ramírez-Bribiesca

2005-02-01

Full Text Available Three experiments were carried out to determine the optimum selenium-vitamin E injection level to maintain acceptable blood selenium (Se status of does and kids, as well as to determine the relation of that status to mortality rates in kids. In experiment 1, 238 goats were assigned to one of three groups during the mating period: A1-control, A2- 0.06mgSe+0.8IU vitE/kgBW and A3-0.125mgSe+1.7IU vitE/kgBW. No differences (P>.05 for fertility and prolificacy were observed among the groups. Blood Se concentration did not differ among Se-vit E groups and control group before injection, and both groups showed Se deficient condition. There was a trend (PForam conduzidos três experimentos para determinar a quantidade ótima da injeção de selênio-vitamina E (Se-vit E para manter o nível aceitável do status de selênio no sangue de cabras e cabritos e determinar essa relação com o status sobre a taxa de mortalidade de cabritos. No primeiro experimento, 238 cabras foram usados em um dos três grupos durante o período do acasalamento: A1- controle, A2- 0,06mgSe+0,8UI vit E/kg de peso-vivo e A3- 0,125mgSe+1,7UI vitE/kg de peso-vivo. Não houve diferenças (P>0,05 entre os grupos para fertilidade e prolificidade. A concentração de Se no sangue não foi diferente entre os grupos que receberam Se-vit E e o controle antes da injeção e ambos os grupos mostravam deficiência de Se. Sessenta dias pós-tratamento houve tendência (P<0,05; 32% de aumentar o nível de Se no sangue e não houve diferença entre os grupos A2 e controle. Houve diferença significativa (P<0,05; 103% entre os grupos A1 e A2 e o grupo A3. No segundo experimento, 48 cabras foram divididas em quatro grupos: B1- controle, B2- 0,125mgSe+1,7UI vitE/kg de peso-vivo, B3- 0,25mgSe+3,4UI vitE/kg de peso-vivo e B4- 0,31mgSe+4,2UI vitE/kg de peso-vivo. O grupo B4 alcançou a concentração mais alta no terceiro mês depois da injeção (0,11ppm e diminuiu depois de 100 dias, quando o valor

Ze Cabra-Macho does it safely: building an AIDS awareness campaign among Brazil's construction workers.

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Hughes, H

1988-09-01

Rio de Janeiro's 350,000 construction workers are considered to be at high risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection because of their isolation and poverty. Most of these men are immigrants from agricultural areas and are separated from their wives for months at a time. Both encounters with prostitutes or homosexual relationships with other workers in the on-site dormitories are widespread practices. The Brazilian Interdisciplinary AIDS Association (ABIA) is presently working with 20 construction companies in Rio to plan AIDS educational programs and materials. Employer and employee representatives meet weekly with ABIA to consider various strategies for reaching the largely illiterate labor force. A logo of the campaign is a small, clay figure of a construction worker called Ze Cabra-Macho (brave heroic man). Audiovisuals about occupational safety are already in use on construction sites, so this medium is being selected for an educational presentation on how AIDS is and is not transmitted. Since the construction workers live together, and some are already infected with HIV, it is important to dispel panic and discrimination. an effective theme of the campaign has been that construction workers must protect themselves during sex with a condom just as they do on the work-site with safety helmets. This illustrates the importance of socially and culturally appropriate AIDS prevention messages, which are most likely achieved through the direct participation of members of the target audience.

EVALUATION OF MILLET GRAIN (Pennisetun americanum IN SUBSTITUTION TO CORN IN DAIRY GOAT RATIONS AVALIAÇÃO DO GRÃO DE MILHETO (Pennisetum americanum EM SUBSTITUIÇÃO AO MILHO (Zea mays EM RAÇÕES PARA CABRAS EM LACTAÇÃO

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Aldi Fernandes de souza França

2007-09-01

Full Text Available

The adoption of a system in de cerrado region, specially in the states of Goiás, Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul, increased the millet grain and forage production in this region, because of its high biomass production potential, which is used as a soil covering in this system. Besides increasing the grain production, considered as a wastage, the millet has been tested as an ingredient in feed formulation to production animals. This research was carried out in the goat production section of the Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Goiás, and the aim was to evaluate the substitution of corn by millet grain in the rations formulated to dairy goats. Sixteen alpine dairy goats were distributed in Latin square design and alloted in four treatments with increasing levels of substitution: T1 - 0%; T2 - 33%; T3 - 66%; T4 - 99%. The data collected were analysed in ANOVA system that indicated no significant effects (P> 0.05 on milk production , milk fat (M.G, ash (MM, total dry extract (EST, unfatty dry extract (ESD, acidity (AC and crioscopy (CRIO, except for the milk protein that was linearly affected (P>0.05.

KEY-WORDS: Millet; rations; goats; lactation.

A adoção do sistema de plantio direto na região Centro-Oeste, notadamente nos Estados de Goiás, Mato Grosso e Mato Grosso do Sul, fez com que a cultura do milheto se expandisse na região, tendo em vista o seu alto potencial de produção de biomassa, a qual é utilizada para cobertura morta do solo no referido sistema. Entretanto, além da biomassa, a cultura considerada como um excedente ou subproduto, vem sendo testada na formulação de ração para animais domésticos. O presente trabalho foi conduzido no Setor de Caprinocultura da Escola de Veterinária / UFG, tendo como objetivo avaliar a substitui

Resposta ovariana de cabras submetidas a implantes de progesterona seguidos de aplicações de gonadotrofina coriônica equina Ovarian response of goats submitted to implants of progesterone followed by administration of equine corionic gonadotrophin

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Luis Fernando Uribe-Velásquez

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se comparar os efeitos de diferentes doses de gonadotrofina coriônica equina (eCG na dinâmica folicular e nas concentrações hormonais em cabras alpinas. Durante a estação reprodutiva, as cabras foram submetidas à sincronização do estro e da ovulação com um dispositivo de progesterona por 14 dias. As cabras (n=24 foram divididas aleatoriamente, em quatro grupos de seis e, no dia da remoção do dispositivo, receberam 0 (controle, 200, 300 e 400 UI de eCG. O desenvolvimento folicular foi observado via ultrassonografia um dia antes da administração da eCG até a ovulação seguinte. Determinaram-se diariamente as concentrações plasmáticas de estradiol e progesterona por radioimunoensaio. Todos os animais tratados manifestaram estro. Observaram-se ciclos estrais com três e quatro ondas de crescimento folicular. O tamanho do maior folículo nos animais controle na terceira onda (5,5 ± 0,50 mm foi menor que naqueles tratados com 300 UI de eCG (7,17 ± 0,35 mm. A aplicação de gonadotrofina aumentou o número de folículos pequenos e médios em relação ao grupo controle, uma vez que o número médio de corpos lúteos foi maior nas fêmeas tratadas com 400 UI (4,27 ± 0,23 em comparação àquelas tratadas com 200 UI (1,95 ± 0,19. A concentração plasmática de progesterona e estradiol diferiu entre os grupos experimentais. A combinação de progestágenos e eCG é uma alternativa adequada para a sincronização do estro e suporta o desenvolvimento de novos protocolos de técnicas reprodutivas, como a superovulação e a transferência de embriões em cabras.The objective of the present study was to compare the effect of different dosages of equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG on the follicular dynamics and hormonal concentrations in Alpine goats. During the breeding season, the goats were submitted to estrous and ovulation synchronization with a device containing progesterone for 14 days. Female goats (n=24 were divided

Desempenho reprodutivo de cabras alpinas tratadas com hCG cinco dias após o acasalamento Reproductive performance of alpine goats treated with hCG five days after breeding

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Jeferson Ferreira da Fonseca

2005-04-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar o efeito da administração de hCG sobre o desempenho reprodutivo de cabras Alpinas durante a estação de acasalamento natural. Trinta e duas fêmeas nulíparas e 124 lactantes, após a identificação de estro e acasalamento, foram aleatoriamente divididas, de acordo com a categoria, em dois tratamentos. Em T1 (n=75 e T2 (n=81, os animais receberam 1 mL de solução salina ou 250 UI de hCG, respectivamente, por via intramuscular cinco dias após o acasalamento. A gestação foi verificada por ultra-sonografia transabdominal (probe de 3,5 MHz nos dias 35 e 70 após o acasalamento, para detecção e confirmação da gestação, respectivamente. As taxas de gestação não diferiram entre T1 (86,7% e T2 (70,6% para nulíparas e T1 (78,3 % e T2 (84,4 % para lactantes. Não houve diferença entre a taxa de parição (75,0 e 75,7%, o período de gestação (150,47 e 150,80 dias e a prolificidade (1,75 e 1,80 fetos entre os animais do T1 e T2, respectivamente. A prolificidade foi superior em cabras lactantes (1,90 que em nulíparas (1,41. A administração de hCG cinco dias após o acasalamento não elevou o desempenho reprodutivo em cabras da raça Alpina.The effect of hCG administration on reproductive performance of Alpine goats during the natural breeding season was evaluated. Thirty-two nulliparous and 124 lactating goats, after estrus identification and breeding, were randomly assigned according to the categories to two treatments. In T1 (n=75 and T2 (n=81 the animals received 1 mL of saline solution or 250 IU of hCG intramuscularly, respectively, five days after breeding. Pregnancy was detected and confirmed on days 35 and 70 after breeding by transabdominal ultrasonography (3.5 MHz probe, respectively. Pregnancy rate did not differ between T1 (86.7 % and T2 (70.6% for nulliparous and T1 (78.3% and T2 (84.4% for lactating does. There were no differences for kidding rate (75.0 and 75.7%, gestation period

Efeito da temperatura ambiental na densidade e ponto de congelamento do leite de cabra Effects of ambiental temperature on density and freezing point of goat's milk

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L.H.A. BRASIL

1999-12-01

Full Text Available Seis cabras Pardas Alpinas com produção média de leite de 2,5kg/dia, foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em dois grupos de três cada, submetidas a termoneutralidade ou estresse térmico. Usou-se um delineamento estatístico "crossover". Um período de adaptação de 28 dias foi seguido por quatro intervalos de 14 dias cada, durante os quais os animais sob estresse foram expostos à temperatura média do ar de 33,84ºC das 8 às 17 horas, incluindo radiação solar simulada das 10 às 15 horas. Na segunda semana de cada intervalo experimental amostras de leite individuais foram coletadas diariamente pela manhã e à tarde, adicionando-se conservador. No final da semana as amostras de cada ordenha foram misturadas formando-se amostras compostas nas quais foram efetuadas determinações de pH, acidez titulável, densidade e ponto crioscópico. Os resultados indicaram que os valores obtidos para densidade e ponto crioscópico são compatíveis aos encontrados por diversos autores em diferentes países. Constatou-se valor maior para densidade no leite ordenhado pela manhã, em relação ao da tarde, sendo que o intervalo desigual entre as ordenhas deve ter influído neste resultado. Não se verificou diferença estatística significativa para esta propriedade no leite das cabras em condições de termoneutralidade e de estresse térmico. Para o ponto crioscópico não se observou diferença estatística entre o leite ordenhado pela manhã e à tarde. Houve diferença estatística significativa para esta propriedade física entre o leite das cabras em condições de termoneutralidade e estresse térmico, sendo o valor médio maior, para as condições de termoneutralidade.Six alpine goats with milk average yield of 2,5 kg/day, were randomly settled in two groups of three and submitted to thermoneutrality (TN or heat stress (ST conditions. A crossover statistical delineation was used. An adjustment period of 28 days was followed by four intervals of

Dietas a base de forraje tradicional y nopal (Opuntia spp. enriquecido con proteínas para alimentar cabras

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Arnoldo Flores-Hernández

2017-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo fue determinar la composición química de las dietas y su efecto en la ganancia de peso vivo, consumo y rechazo de alimento. El estudio se realizó mediante un diseño completamente azar con tres repeticiones y como factor principal tres dietas cuyos componentes fueron : dieta 1 40% heno de alfalfa + 60% heno de sorgo, dieta 2 40% nopal seco natural + 60 % heno de sorgo y dieta 3 40% nopal seco enriquecido co n proteínas + 60% heno de sorgo . Los resultados mostraron que la dieta de nopal enriquecido con proteínas y la dieta de nopal seco natural poseen una calidad nutritiva mayor, pero las condiciones de secado y/o almacenamiento tuvieron efecto en la calidad de l os componentes de las dietas evaluadas. La ganancia de peso vivo fue mayor en cabras alimentadas con la dieta de nopal - E , pero el porcentaje de alimento rechazado (menor palatabili dad fue mayor para esta dieta. La ganancia de peso vivo fue menor en alfalfa y nopal seco natural , respectivamente . La ganancia de peso y el tiempo de alimentación mostraron correlación positiva y significativa ; sin embargo, se debe determinar el tiempo óptimo de alimentación y evaluar el costo - beneficio de las dietas utilizadas.

Características microbiológicas e físico-químicas do leite de cabra submetido à pasteurização lenta pós-envase e ao congelamento Microbiological and physical-chemical characteristics of goat milk after low temperature time pasteurization and freezing

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Patricia Vilhena Dias de Andrade

2008-08-01

Full Text Available O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da pasteurização lenta (65°C 30min-1 em banho-maria e do congelamento (-18°C, seguido de estocagem por uma semana (-18°C, sobre as características microbiológicas e físico-químicas do leite de cabra pré-embalado. Quinze amostras individuais de leite de cabra foram analisadas antes e após o processamento, realizado no próprio capril. A pasteurização lenta mostrou-se eficaz na redução da contaminação por mesófilos, psicrotróficos e fungos, mas a baixa contagem de coliformes fecais e totais do leite cru não proporcionou a mesma eficácia neste grupo de bactérias. O armazenamento do leite congelado durante uma semana não alterou a sua qualidade microbiológica. Não se observou influência significativa do processamento térmico sobre as concentrações dos principais constituintes do leite ou sobre as propriedades físico-químicas analisadas. Os resultados obtidos nesse experimento mostraram também que um equipamento de leitura infra-vermelha calibrado com leite bovino pode ser usado para a determinação dos teores de gordura e proteína do leite de cabra.The aim of this trial was to evaluate the effect of water bath low temperature long time pasteurization (65°C 30 min-1 and freezing (-18°C followed by one-week storage (-18°C on the physical-chemical characteristics of goat milk. Fifteen individual milk samples were analyzed before and after being processed by the producer himself. Thermal processing applied was efficient for reducing mesophilic, psychrotrophic, molds and yeasts contamination, even though the low total and fecal coliform counts in raw milk did not allow the same statement considering that bacteria group. Thermal processing had no significant influence on the main constituents' concentrations or on the analyzed physical-chemical properties. The results obtained in this study also showed that infrared equipment calibrated with cow milk could be

Seroconversion and seroreactivity patterns of dairy goats naturally exposed to caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus in Brazil Soroconversão e sororeatividade de cabras leiteiras naturalmente expostas ao virus da artrite-encefalite caprina no Brasil

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Roberto Soares Castro

2002-08-01

Full Text Available A labelled avidin-biotin ELISA (lab-ELISA using repeated serum samples of goats showed a progressive seroconversion with higher seroconversion rate at the period going from the beginning of the breeding up to the last half of lactation (35.0%, compared to that recorded at the beginning of breeding (17.8%(pForam realizados exames sorológicos em cabras leiteiras, utilizando-se ELISA marcado com avidina-biotina (LAB-ELISA. Esses exames mostraram soroconversão progressiva, com uma taxa maior entre os animais a partir do início da reprodução até a última metade da lactação (35% comparada à observada nos animais até o início da reprodução (17,8%(p<0,05. Além disso, o padrão de sororeatividade das amostras colhidas a cada 30-40 dias, durante 12 meses, avaliado pelo LAB-ELISA, foi caracterizado por alta variabilidade individual. Não foi observada sororeversão, e títulos mais altos foram obtidos mais no grupo constituído por animais que entraram em lactação (n=6, média de títulos=913,4 do que no grupo constituído por animais que cruzaram, mas não conceberam (n=4, média de títulos=261,2(p<0,01.

Microbialitas lacustres de secuencias triásicas de Argentina

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Benavente, Cecilia Andrea

2014-01-01

Las sucesiones triásicas Cerro de las Cabras y Cerro Puntudo corresponden al relleno sedimentario de la Cuenca Cuyana de rift. La cuenca presenta dos hemigrábenes asimétricos, uno ubicado al norte y otro al sur de polaridad opuesta y desvinculados por un alto topográfico. Los depocentros estudiados son Cerro Puntudo que forma parte del hemigraben norte en donde aflora la Formación Cerro Puntudo; y el depocentro Potrerillos que forma parte del hemigraben sur en el que aflora la Formación Cerro...

Propiedades fisicoquímicas y aceptabilidad sensorial de yogur de leche descremada de cabra frutado con mango y plátano en pruebas aceleradas

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Víctor Vásquez-Villalobos

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Dos tipos de yogur de leche descremada de cabra (3% de grasa frutado con mango (YM y plátano (YP fueron almacenados a temperaturas de 5 °C, 15 °C y 25 °C durante 72 horas. Cada 24 horas se analizó el pH, acidez titulable, sólidos totales, grasa y proteína. Asimismo se evaluó la aceptabilidad sensorial con 75 consumidores habituales de yogur, que respondieron con “sí” o “no” a la pregunta ¿consumiría este producto?. Al inicio, el pH, acidez, sólidos totales, grasa y proteína fue 4,35 y 4,36; 0,76% y 0,75%; 12,71% y 13,23%; 3,2% y 3,3%; 4,4% y 4,5%, respectivamente para el YM y el YP, cumpliendo con normas conocidas para yogur de leche de vaca: rango de acidez 0,5%-1,6%, grasa valor máximo 15% y proteína valor mínimo 2,7%. La aceptabilidad sensorial del YM y el YP fue alta, con 88,9% y 94,7%, respectivamente. Durante el almacenamiento en condiciones aceleradas, el pH disminuyó hasta 3,88 y 3,92; la acidez titulable aumentó hasta 1,1% y 0,93%; los sólidos totales, grasa y proteína disminuyeron hasta 9,37% y 9,7%; 2,4% y 2,0%; 2,5% y 2,6%, respectivamente para el YM y el YP, permaneciendo dentro de los límites de las normas consultadas. La aceptabilidad sensorial disminuyó hasta 4% y 5,33% para el YM y el YP respectivamente. Estimando así la vida útil de la aceptabilidad sensorial (V.U.A.S. a 4ºC en 69 y 49 h (para un porcentaje de rechazo de 25%, 193 y 111 h (para un porcentaje de rechazo de 50% para el YM y el YP respectivamente.

Substituição do feno de coastcross por casca de soja na alimentação de cabras em lactação Replacement of coastcross hay by soybean hulls in diets for lactating goats

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Renato Shinkai Gentil

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se com este trabalho verificar a resposta de cabras em lactação alimentadas com dietas contendo casca de soja em substituição ao feno de coastcross. Trinta e seis cabras (38±5 dias em lactação; 2,1±0,4 kg/dia foram distribuídas em delineamento experimental de blocos completos casualizados e confinadas por oito semanas. As dietas foram compostas de 50% de volumoso e 50% de concentrado e com o mesmo teor de fibra em detergente neutro. A casca de soja substituiu o feno de coastcross em 0, 33, 67 ou 100% da matéria seca (MS. O consumo de matéria seca e a eficiência alimentar apresentaram resposta quadrática aos teores de casca de soja na dieta. A produção de leite e a variação do peso corporal não foram alteradas, porém a concentração de gordura e lactose do leite aumentou e os tempos gastos com ruminação e mastigação decresceram com a inclusão da casca de soja na dieta. A casca de soja pode substituir totalmente o feno de coastcross em dietas para cabras em lactação, pois essa substituição não prejudica a produção de leite e aumenta o teor de gordura e lactose do leite. Em comparação ao feno picado de coastcross, a casca de soja apresenta menor efetividade em estimular a ruminação e a mastigação.The objective of this experiment was to verify the response of lactating goats fed diets with different levels (content of soybean hulls replacing coastcross hay (Cynodon sp. on performance. Thirty-six lactating Saanen goats (38±5 days of lactation; 2.1±0.4 kg/day were assigned to a randomized complete blocks design and housed for 8 weeks. Goats were fed diets of 50% roughage and 50% concentrate, but with the same amount of neutral detergent fiber. Soybean hulls replaced hay by 0, 33, 67 or 100% of the dry matter (DM. Dry matter and NDF intake and feed efficiency showed a quadratic response to the levels of soybean hulls in the diet. Milk yield and body weight variations did not change; however, milk fat

Comportamiento predestete de cabritos cruzados en Guanajuato, México

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Sonia Castillo-Rodríguez

2013-10-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Los pesos al nacimiento y al destete fueron registrados para evaluar el comportamiento pre-destete de cabritos cruzado en ocho pequeñas fincas de producción de leche de cabra en Guanajuato, México. Materiales y métodos. Se usaron 234 registros de cabritos, las cabras fueron mantenidas en condiciones de pastoreo con suplementación de un concentrado comercial. Los cabritos eran cruzados, de las razas Sannen, Alpina y Toggenburg, los datos fueron analizados con un modelo estadístico que considero los efectos de rebaño (RE, grupo contemporáneo (GC, número de parto (NP, tipo parto (TP y sexo del cabrito (SC. Resultados. Las medias de peso al nacer, peso a los 60 días de edad y la ganancia diaria de peso fueron 3.4±0.5 (rango 2.0 a 5.5, 13.7±1.8 (rango 8.0 a 17.5 y 0.17±0.02 (0.08 a 0.23 kg. El peso al nacimiento fue afectado (p<0.01 por RE, GC, NP, TP y SC. Sin embargo, el peso a 60 días y ganancia diaria de peso fueron afectadas (p<0.05 por RE y SC. Conclusiones. El rebaño afectó el comportamiento de los cabritos.

Consumo, digestibilidade e produção de cabras leiteiras alimentadas com dietas contendo diferentes fontes de lipídios = Intake, digestibility and milk production of dairy goats fed with different fat sources

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Guilherme de Lira Sobral Silva

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Foram utilizados 12 animais da raça Saanen, com peso vivo de 35 kg e produção leiteira de 1,2 kg, para avaliação da suplementação lipídica sobre o consumo, digestibilidade, produção e composição do leite e quatro animais fistulados no rúmen para observação do pH. Os tratamentos consistiram de uma dieta-controle e três dietas suplementadas com semente de faveleira, torta de faveleira e caroço de algodão. Os dados foram analisados em quadrados latinos 4 x 4, com três repetições e as análises estatísticas feitas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. A suplementação lipídica diminuiu o consumo de matéria seca e da maioria dos nutrientes, com reflexo sobre a produção e composição do leite de cabras Saanen. A suplementação com torta de faveleira e com caroço de algodão pode ser considerada uma boa alternativa alimentar para cabras Saanen.This study used 12 Saanen goats with BW of 35 kg and daily milkproduction of 1.2 kg, in order to evaluate the effect of fat supplementation on the intake, digestibility and milk yield. Four animals were fistulated in the rumen for pH observation. The treatments consisted of a control diet and three diets supplemented with faveleira seed, faveleira cake and cotton seed. The data were analyzed in 4 x 4 chi squares, with three repetitions and the statistical analyses by Tukey's test at 5% probability. Fat supplementation decreases the intake of dry matter and of most nutrients, affecting milk yield and the composition of Saanen goat milk. Supplementation with faveleira cake and cotton seeds can be considered as an alternative feed for those animals.

Enfermedad periodontal y embarazo. Revisión de la literatura

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B. María De Los Ángeles Herane, DRA.; DR. C. Carlos Godoy; DR. C. Patricio Herane

2014-01-01

La gingivitis del embarazo es una enfermedad inflamatoria producida por bacterias con una alta prevalencia, que va del 35 al 100%, según estudios. La severidad de la gingivitis aumentó gradualmente y alcanzó su peak en el tercer trimestre, seguido por una súbita disminución de la severidad en postparto, el cual se correlacionó con un aumento gradual en el nivel plasmático de progesterona y niveles de estrógenos que alcanzan su peak en el tercer trimestre y que sufren una repentina caída despu...

COLPOCITOLOGY AND SERUM CONCENTRATIONS OF PROGESTERONE IN NULIPAROUS GOATS SUBMMITED TO ARTIFICIAL PHOTOPERIODS COLPOCITOLOGIA E CONCENTRAÇÕES SÉRICAS DE PROGESTERONA EM CABRAS NULÍPARAS SUBMETIDAS AO FOTOPERÍODO ARTIFICIAL

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Caroline Rocha de Oliveira Lima

2008-10-01

Full Text Available The aim of present work was to evaluate the changes of cervico-vaginal epithelial cells and progesterone levels of nuliparous goats submitted to artificial photoperiod, in Middle-West of Brazil. Seventh Alpine and six crossbreed nuliparous goats were used, distributed in two groups: control (GC, maintained at isolated stall and submitted to natural light for the time of the year, and treated (GT, submitted to an alternate regime among natural and artificial light, for 24 hours and 35 uninterrupted days. Cérvico-vaginal content was collected, prepared on glass slides and differential cellular counts were carried out on Papanicolau smears. The progesterone concentration in blood serum was measurement by ELISA. Parabasal were the most frequent cell type present, followed by intermediate cells, mainly in the end of metaestrus and diestrus. Superficial cornified cells were present during proestrus and estrus. The cellular profile and progesterone concentrations oscillated in agreement with estrus cycle phase in control animals, but confuse on the begin of experimental period for treated animals. Cytological evaluation of cervico-vaginal content could be of value for a hormonal bioassay of estrus cycle of goats submitted to artificial photoperiod just after the adaptation period.

KEY WORDS: Artificial photoperiod, caprine, hormone, vaginal cytology.

JORGE RAMÍREZ ESPINO, PRODUCTOR DE FLORES ARTIFICIALES [Material gráfico

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Suárez García, Carlos Félix

1980-01-01

JORGE RAMÍREZ ESPINO, ARTESANO TRADICIONAL DE LAS PALMAS DE GRAN CANARIA DEDICADO A LA PRODUCCIÓN DE FLORES ARTIFICIALES CON TIRAS DE PLATANERA, HOJAS DE DRAGO, CAMISA DE MILLO Y LA PIÑA DE LA FLOR DE LA PLATANERA NACIÓ EN LAS PALMAS DE GRAN CANARIA EN EL AÑO 1942. COMIENZA SU ANDADURA DE MANERA AUTODIDACTA, CONFECCIONANDO FLORES, EN EL AÑO 1992, AL TIEMPO QUE REALIZA COLLARES PARA CABRAS CON ANTONIO PERERA HASTA EL AÑO 1995, EN QUE COMIENZA A VENDER SUS PRIMEROS PRODUCTOS DEL CARA AL PÚBL...

Efeito do genótipo sobre a produção e a composição do leite de cabras mestiças Effect of genotype on milk yield and composition of crossbred goats

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Nelson Nogueira Barros

2005-08-01

Full Text Available O potencial de produção de trinta e cinco cabras mestiças - 12 ½Pardo-alpina + ½Moxotó (½PA-M, 11¾ Pardo-alpina + ¼Moxotó (¾PA-M e 12 Tricross (½Anglo-nubiana + ¼Pardo-alpina + ¼Moxotó - foi avaliado em um experimento foi conduzido na Embrapa Caprinos. Os cabritos foram separados das respectivas mães ao nascimento. As cabras foram ordenhadas duas vezes ao dia e o controle leiteiro procedido semanalmente. Os animais foram confinados em baias coletivas e receberam dieta para produção de 2,5 kg de leite/dia, composta de silagem de sorgo ad libitum e concentrado. Os animais foram pesados em intervalos de 14 dias. A produção de leite, como coletada, não foi influenciada pelo genótipo. No entanto, quando foi corrigida para 4% de gordura, o genótipo ½ PA-M foi superior aos ¾ PA-M e Tricross. Não houve diferença significativa entre genótipos para gordura, proteína e extrato seco total do leite.The objective of this trial was to study the production of thirty-five crossbred goats: ½Brown Alpine x 12 ½Moxoto (½BA-M, 11 ¾Brown Alpine x ¼Moxoto (¾BA-M, and 12 Tricross (½Anglo Nubian x ¼Moxoto x ¼Brown Alpine. After birth, the kids were separated from their mothers. Goats were milked twice a day and milk composition determined weekly. Animals were housed in collective pens and received a diet composed of sorghum silage (ad libitum plus concentrate that were formulated to allow 2.5 kg/d of milk yield. Animals were weighted every 14 days. Milk production did not differ among genotypes. However, 4% fat corrected milk was greater for ½BA-M than the remaining groups. No significant differences were observed for milk composition (fat, protein, and total solids across genotypes in the current trial.

Subprodutos industriais na ensilagem de capim-elefante para cabras leiteiras: consumo, digestibilidade de nutrientes e produção de leite Industrial by-products in elephant grass silage for dairy goats: intake, nutrient digestibility and milk yield

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Jobel Beserra de Oliveira

2010-02-01

Full Text Available O experimento foi conduzido para avaliar o consumo, a digestibilidade aparente e a produção do leite em cabras alimentadas com silagens de capim-elefante contendo subprodutos industriais. Utilizaram-se oito cabras da raça Saanen, distribuídas em dois quadrados latinos 4 × 4, com 4 períodos de 14 dias (10 dias de adaptação e 4 dias para coleta de dados. Os tratamentos foram: silagem de capim-elefante + concentrado; silagem de capim-elefante com 15% de farelo de mandioca + concentrado; silagem de capim-elefante com 15% de casca de café + concentrado; silagem de capim-elefante com 15% farelo de cacau + concentrado. Os maiores consumos de matéria seca (MS, matéria orgânica (MO, carboidratos totais (CT, carboidratos não-fibrosos (CNF e nutrientes digestíveis totais foram observados entre os animais alimentados com a silagem contendo farelo de mandioca. As silagens com farelo de mandioca ou casca de café promoveram maior consumo de extrato etéreo. Os maiores valores de digestibilidade da MS, MO, EE e CT foram obtidos na dieta contendo silagem de capim-elefante com farelo de mandioca. O valor de digestibilidade dos CNF foi semelhante entre as dietas contendo silagem de capim-elefante com farelo de mandioca, casca de café e farelo de cacau. A digestibilidade de fibra em detergente neutro e de fibra em detergente ácido foi maior para a silagem sem aditivo, com farelo de mandioca ou farelo de cacau. Entre os subprodutos avaliados, o farelo de mandioca é o que promove maiores consumos, digestibilidades dos nutrientes e produção de leite em cabras alimentadas com silagem de capim-elefante.The experiment was carried out to evaluate the intake, apparent digestibility and the milk yield of goats fed elephant grass silages containing industrial by-products. Eight Saanen breed goats were used, distributed in two 4 × 4 Latin squares, with four 14-day periods (ten days of adaptation and four days for data collection. The treatments were

Farelo da vagem de algaroba em dietas para cabras lactantes: parâmetros ruminais e síntese de proteína microbiana Mesquite pod meal in diets of lactating goats: ruminal parameters and microbial efficiency synthesis

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Lizziane da Silva Argôlo

2010-03-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da adição de farelo da vagem de algaroba (0; 33,3; 66,7 e 100% em substituição ao fubá de milho sobre a excreção de derivados de purina, estimada com coleta total de urina, e sobre os parâmetros ruminais (pH, amônia e ácidos graxos voláteis de cabras em lactação. Utilizaram-se oito cabras adultas lactantes distribuídas em dois quadrados latinos 4 × 4 e alimentadas com dietas isoproteicas, compostas de 40% de silagem de capim-elefante e 60% de concentrado. Não houve efeito significativo da adição de farelo da vagem de algaroba sobre os parâmetros ruminais. O pH manteve-se em faixa adequada, entre 6,85 e 7,03, e a concentração média de nitrogênio amoniacal ruminal foi de 6,97 mg de N/100 mL de fluido ruminal. As concentrações de acetato e propionato variaram de 9,47 a 10,54 e de 4,79 a 6,58 mM, respectivamente. As excreções (mmol/dia de alantoína, ácido úrico, xantinahipoxantina, a quantidade (mmol/dia de purinas absorvidas, o fluxo intestinal (g/dia de nitrogênio microbiano e a eficiência de síntese microbiana (PM/kg NDT apresentaram resposta linear negativa à substituição do fubá de milho pelo farelo da vagem de algaroba. A estimativa da síntese de proteína microbiana em cabras deve ser calculada pela excreção de derivados de purinas a partir de equações obtidas com caprinos.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding mesquite pod meal (0, 33.3, 66.7 and 100% to substitute corn meal on purin derivative the excretion, estimated by total urine collection, and on the ruminal parameters (pH, ammonia and volatile fatty acids. Eight lactating goats were used and distributed in a 4 × 4 Latin square and fed iso-protein diets consisting of 40% elephant grass silage and 60% concentrate. There was no significant effect from adding mesquite pod meal on the ruminal parameters. The pH ranged from 6.85 to 7.03 and the ruminal ammonia concentration averaged 6.97 mg

Efectividad de la gimnasia abdominal hipopresiva frente al entrenamiento perineal clásico en el fortalecimiento del suelo pélvico de la mujer: revisión sistemática

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Díaz Águila, María Estrella

2012-01-01

Antecedentes: La Gimnasia Abdominal Hipopresiva es un método creado en la década de los 80 por el Dr. Marcel Caufriez en el ámbito de la reeducación postparto. En Fisioterapia Uroginecológica se emplea como terapia para el tratamiento de las disfunciones del suelo pélvico y desde el año 2007 se utiliza también como forma de entrenamiento abdominal. Objetivo: El objetivo de este trabajo es revisar la evidencia publicada sobre la efectividad de la Gimnasia Abdominal Hipopresiva en el fortale...

Políticas da estética no Brasil e Argentina: corpo, gênero e memória em Cabra Marcado para Morrer e La historia oficial

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Mauricio Acuña

2017-08-01

Full Text Available Este artigo propõe uma análise comparada de dois filmes – a obra ficcional argentina dirigida por Luis Puenzo, La história oficial (1985, e o documentário brasileiro conduzido por Eduardo Coutinho, Cabra Marcado para Morrer (1984. A aproximação entre os filmes será mediada pelo problema da relação entre corpo feminino, memória, luto e imaginação nacional. Para sustentar a argumentação em torno do objeto empírico como base de uma reflexão político-estético-social – mobiliza-se uma teoria da imagem embasada no campo da antropologia visual na qual o cinema reapresenta realidades, ficcionaliza e elabora aspectos da história e da memória como forma de conhecimento e da experiência em si. O cinema, portanto, constitui história, conhecimento, experiência estética e social, conforme reivindica Jacques Rancière, filosofia de aporte fundamental ao longo o texto. Palavras-chave> cinema; corpo; memória; gênero; nação.

Influência do alimento na produção e qualidade do leite de cabra Influence of feed on the production on quality of goat milk

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Roberto Germano Costa

2009-07-01

Full Text Available O leite de cabra é considerado um dos alimentos mais completos por apresentar vários elementos importantes para a nutrição humana, constituído de proteínas de alto valor biológico e ácidos graxos essenciais, além de seu conteúdo mineral e vitamínico. Esta revisão tem como objetivo avaliar as variações referentes à composição química e propriedades físicoquímicas do leite, que ocorrem em função de alguns fatores, tais como: climáticos, raça, indivíduo, estágio de lactação e alimentação. O manejo alimentar tem sido considerado um fator preponderante na manipulação dos componentes do leite. Há um entendimento dominante que a gordura é o componente do leite que mais sofre influência dos alimentos. O uso de técnicas biológicas moleculares poderá contribuir para o entendimento do mecanismo de utilização do alimento no rúmen, estabelecendo um novo cenário para a microbiologia ruminal, que pode ser diferente do que tem sido estudado até o momento.Goat milk is considered one of the most complete foods, since it holds several elements which are important for human nutrition, and necessary for the constitution of tissues and blood. This revision aims to assess the variations of the chemical composition and physical-chemical properties of the milk which occur due to some factors, such as: climate, breed, the individual, lactation stage and food. Feed management has been considered a key factor in the manipulation of milk components. There is a general understanding that among the components of the milk fat is the most influenced by food. The use of molecular biological techniques might contribute to the understanding of the mechanism of utilization of food in rumen, establishing a new possibility for ruminal microbiology, which can be different from what has been studied so far.

Resumption Of Postpartum Fecundability In Rural Guatemala: A Multistate Approach

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Pinto Aguirre, Guido

2008-01-01

El propósito de este documento es investigar y re-estimar los efectos de los patrones de lactancia, salud y estado nutricional de la mujer y consumo de energía sobre la duración del retorno de la fertilidad de postparto (es decir, retorno de la menstruación de postparto) utilizando toda la información relevante en el estudio longitudinal del Instituto de Nutrición de Centroamérica y Panamá y un procedimiento de estimación más adecuado (modelos de riesgo). Los datos utilizados prov...

Efeito da inclusão de fontes lipídicas na dieta de cabras em lactação sobre os parâmetros sanguíneos Effect of fat source inclusion in the diet of lactating goats on blood parameters

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Guilherme de Lira Sobral Silva

2010-02-01

Full Text Available Conduziu-se o estudo do perfil metabólico, com o objetivo de avaliar o estado nutricional ou possíveis distúrbios metabólicos que podem comprometer a saúde e, consequentemente, o desempenho do rebanho. No presente trabalho foi avaliado o perfil metabólico de cabras em lactação, submetidas a dietas com diferentes fontes de lipídios. Foram utilizadas 16 cabras da raça Saanen com peso vivo médio de 35 Kg e produção média diária de 1,2 kg de leite, distribuídas em quadrado latino com três repetições. Os tratamentos experimentais consistiram nas seguintes dietas: sem suplementação lipidica (TC; semente de faveleira (SF; torta de faveleira (TF e caroço de algodão (CA. O experimento foi desenvolvido em quatro períodos experimentais de 14 dias, sendo 10 dias de adaptação à dieta e quatro dias de coleta de dados. No último dia de cada período foram coletadas amostras de sangue. A inclusão de semente de oleaginosa na dieta de cabras em lactação diminuiu o consumo de matéria seca por unidade metabólica (CMSU e consumo de proteína bruta por unidade metabólica (CPBU. Dentre os quatro tratamentos não se observou diferença significativa no que se refere à concentração sérica de uréia, creatinina, GGT (gama glutamiltransferase, cálcio, fósforo, magnésio e glicose. Os níveis séricos de albumina dos animais que receberam TF foram maiores (PThe study of the metabolic profile has as objective to evaluate the nutritional status or possible metabolic disturbances that can damage the health and consequently the herd performance. In this work, the metabolic profile of lactating goats was evaluated, submitted to diets with different fat sources. 12 Saanen goats with BW of 35 kg and daily milk production of 1,2 kg were used, distributed into a Latin square with three repetitions. The diet comprised, without fat supplementation, TC (control and with fat supplementation: SF (favelone seed; TF (favelone cake and CA (cotton

Epidemiología de los nematodes gastrointestinales en caprinos lecheros en los valles templados del NOA, Argentina

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SUAREZ, V.H.

2013-08-01

Full Text Available Con el fin de estudiar la epidemiología y los efectos de los nematodes gastrointestinales (NGI sobre cabras en ordeño en predios bajo riego en el Valle de Lerma (Salta, se monitoreó la infestación parasitaria en 41 cabras naturalmente infestadas por NGI, desde el 4 de octubre de 2010 hasta el 26 de mayo de 2011. Se evaluaron dos grupos de cabras en ordeño: PJ (n=17 paridas en junio y PS (n=24 paridas en septiembre. Sólo se desparasitaron de urgencia aquellos animales que superaran los 3000 de hpg o y que presentaran signos de parasitosis.

Evaluation of Petrifilm™ method for enumerating aerobic bacteria in Crottin goat's cheese Evaluación de PetrifilmTM para la enumeración de bacterias aerobias en queso de cabra Crottin

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G.B. de Sousa

2005-12-01

Full Text Available The PetrifilmTM Aerobic Count Plate (ACP developed by 3M laboratories, is a ready-to-use culture medium system, useful for the enumeration of aerobic bacteria in food. PetrifilmTMwas compared with a standard method in several different food products with satisfactory results. However, many studies showed that bacterial counts in PetrifilmTM were significantly lower than those obtained with conventional methods in fermented food. The purpose of this study was to compare the PetrifilmTM method for enumerating aerobic bacteria with a conventional method (PCA in Crottin goat's cheese. Thirty samples were used for the colony count. The mean count and standard deviation were 7.18 ± 1.17 log CFU g-1 on PCA and 7.11 ± 1.05 log CFU g-1 on PetrifilmTM. Analysis of variance revealed no significant differences between both methods (t = 1.33, P = 0.193. The Pearson correlation coefficient (0.971, P=0.0001 indicated a strong linear relationship between the PetrifilmTM and the standard method. The results showed that PetrifilmTM is suitable and a convenient alternative to this standard method for the enumeration of aerobic flora in goat soft cheese.PetrifilmTM Aerobic Count Plate (ACP desarrollado por 3M es un sistema listo para usar, empleado para el recuento de bacterias aerobias en alimentos. PetrifilmTMfue comparado con los métodos estándar en diferentes productos alimenticios con resultados satisfactorios. Sin embargo, en alimentos fermentados, algunos estudios mostraron que el recuento de bacterias aerobias en PetrifilmTM fue significativamente menor que aquellos obtenidos con los métodos convencionales (PCA. El propósito de este estudio fue comparar el método PetrifilmTM para el recuento de bacterias aerobias con un método convencional en queso de cabra Crottin. Se usaron 30 muestras para el recuento de colonias. Las medias y desviaciones estándar fueron 7,18 ± 1,17 log UFC g-1 en PCA y 7,11 ± 1,05 log UFC g-1 en PetrifilmTM. El análisis de

Distribution and ecological relevance of fine sediments in organic-enriched lagoons: The case study of the Cabras lagoon (Sardinia, Italy)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Magni, P. [CNR-IAMC, National Research Council - Institute for Coastal Marine Environment Localita Sa Mardini, Torregrande, 09072 Oristano (Italy); International Marine Centre, Localita Sa Mardini, Torregrande, 09072 Oristano (Italy)], E-mail: paolo.magni@iamc.cnr.it; De Falco, G. [CNR-IAMC, National Research Council - Institute for Coastal Marine Environment Localita Sa Mardini, Torregrande, 09072 Oristano (Italy); International Marine Centre, Localita Sa Mardini, Torregrande, 09072 Oristano (Italy); Como, S. [International Marine Centre, Localita Sa Mardini, Torregrande, 09072 Oristano (Italy); Casu, D. [Dip. di Botanica ed Ecologia vegetale, Universita di Sassari, 07100 Sassari (Italy); Floris, A. [Dip. di Zoologia e Genetica evoluzionistica, Universita di Sassari, 07100 Sassari (Italy); Petrov, A.N. [Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas NASU, 99011 Sevastopol (Ukraine); Castelli, A. [Dip. di Biologia, Universita di Pisa, 56126 Pisa (Italy); Perilli, A. [CNR-IAMC, National Research Council - Institute for Coastal Marine Environment Localita Sa Mardini, Torregrande, 09072 Oristano (Italy); International Marine Centre, Localita Sa Mardini, Torregrande, 09072 Oristano (Italy)

2008-03-15

In organic-enriched sedimentary systems, like many Mediterranean coastal lagoons, a detailed analysis of sediment grain size composition and partitioning within the muds is crucial to investigate sedimentological trends related to both hydrodynamic energy and basin morphology. In these systems, sediment dynamics are particularly important because the partitioning and transport of fine sediments can strongly influence the redistribution and accumulation of large amounts of organic matter, and consequently the distribution of benthic assemblages and the trophic status and functioning of a lagoon. Nevertheless, studies on benthic-sediment relationships have been based mainly on a rather coarse analysis of sediment grain size features. In muddy systems, however, this approach may impede a proper evaluation of the relationships and effects of the distribution of fine sediment and organic matter on the biotic benthic components. Here we show that the distribution of sedimentary organic matter (OM) and total organic carbon (TOC) in the Cabras lagoon (Sardinia, Italy) can be explained (i.e., predicted) as a function of a nonlinear increase in the amount of the cohesive fraction of sediments ({<=}8 {mu}m grain size particles) and that this fraction strongly influences the structure, composition and distribution of macrobenthic assemblages. Even in such a homogeneously muddy system, characterized by 'naturally' occurring impoverished communities, impaired benthic assemblages were found at {<=}8 {mu}m, OM, TOC contents of about 77%, 11% and 3.5%, respectively. A review of studies conducted in Mediterranean coastal lagoons highlighted a lack of direct integrated analysis of sediment features and the biotic components. We suggest that, especially in organic-enriched coastal lagoons, monitoring programs should primarily investigate and consider the cohesive fraction of sediments in order to allow a better assessment of benthic-sediment relationships and ecological

INOVAÇÃO NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE BEBIDA LÁCTEA FERMENTADA COM LEITE DE VACA E SORO DE QUEIJO DE CABRA

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Antonia Elaine Frutuoso

2012-06-01

Full Text Available A bebida láctea fermentada é uma importante forma de aproveitamento do soro lácteo devido à sua alta aceitação. O maracujá e o mel de abelhas são produtos regionais com características a serem exploradas no desenvolvimento da bebida, como acidez e potencial funcional, respectivamente. A pesquisa teve como objetivo estudar as distintas relações da mistura leite e soro na elaboração de uma bebida láctea sabor maracujá adoçado com mel de abelhas africanizadas assim como caracterizá-la quantos aos aspectos físico-químicos, microbiológicos, sensoriais, e avaliar sua estabilidade e intenção de compra. Não houve diferença nos aspectos sensoriais, com adultos, entre os teores de polpa e soro de leite cabra testados. Em relação ao teste de aceitação da bebida com crianças, 88% dos participantes afirmaram ter gostado da bebida. Durante a estabilidade do produto, houve um decréscimo do pH de 4,6 a 3,8 durante os sete primeiros dias e manteve-se estável no decorrer do armazenamento. Nos cinco tempos avaliados, não houve diferença significativa entre os aspectos sensoriais, com exceção do sabor, que decresceu até o 14º dia de armazenamento e, posteriormente, ocorreu um leve crescimento, voltando ao nível de aceitação encontrado no sétimo dia de estocagem. A bebida láctea fermentada sabor maracujá apresentou valores consideráveis para a intenção de compra, demonstrando seu potencial de mercado.

Avaliação de medidas da persistência da lactação de cabras da raça Saanen sob modelo de regressão aleatória Evaluation of persistency lactation measures of Saanen goats under random regression model

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Gilberto Romeiro de Oliveira Menezes

2010-08-01

Full Text Available Utilizaram-se 10.238 registros semanais de produção de leite no dia do controle, provenientes de 388 primeiras lactações de cabras da raça Saanen, na avaliação de seis medidas da persistência da lactação, a fim de verificar qual a mais adequada para o uso em avaliações genéticas para a característica. As seis medidas avaliadas são adaptações de medidas utilizadas em bovinos de leite, obtidas por substituir, nas fórmulas, os valores de referência de bovinos pelos de caprinos. Os valores usados nos cálculos foram obtidos de modelos de regressão aleatória. As estimativas de herdabilidade para as medidas de persistência variaram entre 0,03 e 0,09. As correlações genéticas entre medidas de persistência e produção de leite até 268 dias variaram entre -0,64 e 0,67. Por apresentar a menor correlação genética com produção aos 268 dias (0,14, a medida de persistência PS4, obtida pelo somatório dos valores do 41º ao 240º dia de lactação como desvios da produção aos 40 dias de lactação, é a mais indicada em avaliações genéticas para persistência da lactação em cabras da raça Saanen. Assim, a seleção de cabras de melhor persistência da lactação não altera a produção aos 268 dias. Em razão da baixa herdabilidade dessa medida (0,03, pequenas respostas à seleção são esperadas neste rebanho.It was used 10,238 weekly milk production records on the control day from the first 388 lactations of Saanen goats on the evalution of six lactation persistency measures in order to find out which was the best fitted for using in genetic evaluations on this trait. These six evaluated measures are adaptations from those used on dairy cattle, obtained by replacing, in the formula, bovine reference values by the goat ones. The values used in the calculations were obtained from random regression models. Heritability estimates for persistency measures ranged from 0.03 to 0.09. Genetic correlations between

Condição corporal e desempenho produtivo de cabras Alpinas no início de lactação Body condition and productive performance of Alpine goat in early lactation

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Larissa Pires Barbosa

2009-11-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se avaliar a influência da condição corporal ao parto sobre os parâmetros produtivos de cabras Alpinas no início da lactação. Sessenta e oito cabras foram distribuídas em três grupos, de acordo com o escore de condição corporal (baixo, entre 1,00 e 2,75; intermediário, entre 2,75 e 3,50; e alto, entre 3,50 e 5,00 e avaliadas do parto até a oitava semana de lactação. Realizaram-se o controle diário do consumo alimentar e da produção leiteira e avaliações semanais de peso corporal, escore da condição corporal e composição do leite. Os animais com escore corporal alto apresentaram menor consumo de matéria seca, fibra em detergente neutro e proteína bruta em comparação àqueles com escores corporais baixo e intermediário. O período médio de recuperação do consumo de matéria seca dos animais das três condições corporais foi de 16 dias (2,3 semanas do pós-parto, com estabilização até o final do experimento. Na sexta semana de lactação, o peso corporal dos animais com escore corporal baixo se igualou ao daqueles com escore corporal intermediário. Não houve efeito da condição corporal ao parto nas variações de ECC e da produção leiteira ao longo do período. O teor de gordura do leite dos animais com escore corporal alto foi menor nas duas primeiras semanas pós-parto em comparação ao dos animais com escores corporais baixo e intermediário. Elevada condição corporal ao parto influencia negativamente o consumo voluntário de cabras leiteiras no início da lactação, mas quando se utiliza dieta de alta qualidade e com altos níveis de energia, a influência da condição corporal ao parto inexiste para variações de peso, de escore da condição corporal e produção leiteira dos animais.The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of body condition at birth on Alpine goat productive parameters in early lactation. Sixty-eight females were assigned to three groups according to

Estudio del efecto de diferentes compuestos antifúngicos para la aplicación en superficie de quesos maduros

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Míguez Pérez, Javier

2015-01-01

El queso, como producto industrial, debe conservar su inocuidad durante largos periodos de tiempo ya que, debido a sus características fisicoquímicas, es un alimento susceptible al deterioro por mohos, provocando pérdidas económicas a nivel industrial. Durante este proyecto se han llevado a cabo diversos estudios enfocados a la inhibición del crecimiento y proliferación de moho en la superficie de quesos de cabra, utilizando distintos recubrimientos a los que se les han añadido diferentes com...

CONDIÇÕES HIGIÊNICO-SANITÁRIAS DO QUEIJO DE LEITE DE CABRA "TIPO COALHO", ARTESANAL ELABORADO NO CURIMATAÚ PARAIBANO

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S.M.F. EUTHIER

1998-05-01

Full Text Available Foram analisadas 20 amostras de queijo de leite de cabra" tipo coalho", elaborados de forma artesanal e armazenados durante 28 dias sob refrigeração a 10 ± 2 ºC, em intervalos de 0, 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias, tendo sido avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: contagem de bactérias aeróbias mesófilas (UFC/g número mais provável de coliformes totais e fecais (NMP/g, contagem de bolores e leveduras (UFC/g e contagem de Staphylococcus aureus (UFC/g. As contagens de bactérias aeróbias mesófilas variaram de 2,35 x 103 a 1,5 x 109 UFC/g; enquanto que o número de coliformes totais oscilaram entre 2,4 x 103 a 2,4 x 106 e 2,4 x 109 NMP/g. Por outro lado, a contagem de coliformes fecais a apresentou variações de 2,4 x 103 a 2,4 x 106 NMP/g e bolores e leveduras Twenty samples of hand made curdling goat cheese, stored for 28 days under 10 ± 2 ºC for intervals of 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days were analysed. The following analysis were carried out mesofilic aerobics bacterias counting (UFC/g, most probable number of total and fecal coliforms (NMP/g, mold counting (UFC/g and Staphylococcus aureus counting (UFC/g. Aerobic mesofilic bacterias counting ranged from 2,35 x 103 a 1,5 x 109 UFC/g, while total coliforms ranged from 2,4 x 106 to 2,4 x 109 NMP/g, on the other hand fecal coliforms showed variations from 2,40 x 103 to 2,40 x 106 NMP/g and molds < 30 to 5,5 x 108 UFC/g. During storage it was not registred the presence of Staphylococcus aureus. As demonstrated by the results, it was verified the necessity of evaluation of sanitary-hygienic technics used during processing and handling of elaborated cheese.

Sistemas de producción caprina y ovina en la subregión Costa Oriental del Lago de Maracaibo

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Cesar Timaure-Jiménez

2015-03-01

Full Text Available Para caracterizar los sistemas de producción caprina y ovina de la Costa Oriental del Lago de Maracaibo, se aplicó una metodología de investigación de acción participativa en las comunidades agrícolas del Municipio Simón Bolívar. Se consultaron líderes de la zona, al Equipo Zuliano de Criadores de Cabras y Ovejas, se aplicó un instrumento a 60 productores. La subregión COLM es zona petrolera, sin embargo, persiste la actividad agropecuaria arraigada en forma tradicional. En el Municipio Miranda existe una población de 16.137 caprinos y 7.526 ovejas, en Quisiro se analizaron 30 productores con 2.250 hectáreas, además de 1.300 caprinos y 675 ovinos. En Los Cilantrillos y La Esperanza se estudiaron 30 productores con 320 hectáreas, 375 caprinos y 430 ovejas, ocupando el 1 % del total regional, lo cual es importante por la persistencia e interés de los productores a pesar de las dificultades derivadas de la explotación petrolera. El grupo familiar se muestra participativo en el manejo de rebaños, el 88,3 % de los productores utiliza el pastoreo extensivo, hay tradición familiar, conocimiento de manejo de rebaños que pasa por cada generación, el 56,7 % están inscritos en la Misión Agro-Venezuela, las razas de cabra son principalmente nubian, alpina, criolla, en cuanto a ovejas, persa, mestiza o criolla, los productores trabajan más de 10 horas diarias los 7 días de la semana, el 56,7 % producen queso de cabra a puerta de finca para los mercados locales. Se recomienda continuar con los estudios y análisis participativos para el mejoramiento integral de este sistema productivo.

Consumo de volumosos, produção e composição físico-química do leite de cabras F1 Boer × Saanen Roughage intake, milk yield and physicochemical composition from F1 Boer × Saanen goats

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Elisa Köhler Osmari

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Avaliaram-se os efeitos do fornecimento de volumosos suplementares sobre o consumo, a produção e a composição físico-química do leite de cabras F1 (Boer ×Saanen. Utilizaram-se 18 cabras distribuídas em três baias, recebendo como suplemento, à vontade, silagem de sorgo, silagem de milho ou feno de amoreira com controle diário do consumo de matéria seca. A média diária para produção semanal foi calculada reunindo-se dados leiteiros em três períodos pós-parto: 1 (34 a 40 dias/7 dias; 2 [(64 a 70 dias/7 dias + (91 a 97 dias/7 dias]/2; e 3 (125 a 131 dias/7 dias e a média pontual diária do período pelas datas de referência dos períodos da média diária para produção semanal, que foi correlacionada à composição de gordura, proteína, lactose e extrato seco total e à contagem de células somáticas. Os dados semanais de acidez e densidade foram agrupados em 37, 81±13, 128 e 151±10 dias pós-parto. Com modelos mistos, o animal foi computado como aleatório e os efeitos fixos foram três suplementos e três períodos (composição, médias diárias as produções semanal e do período ou quatro (acidez e densidade. O consumo de feno de amoreira (0,657 kg superou o de silagem de milho (0,604 kg, que foi superior ao de silagem de sorgo (0,305 kg. No período 2, a composição em extrato etéreo foi menor, em razão do decréscimo de gordura e lactose. No período 3, a composição em proteína e a acidez aumentaram e a densidade foi maior nos períodos 1 (1,0270 e 3 (1,0277. A mamite aumentou a CCS no período 2. Para proteína, o tipo de suplemento não foi significativo, mas houve efeito da interação período pós-parto ×suplemento. As demais variáveis não foram influenciadas pelo tipo de suplemento, apenas pelo período pós-parto. O feno de amoreira aumenta o consumo suplementar pelas cabras em relação às silagens de milho e sorgo, mas não melhora as médias de produção e composição do leite. Cabras Boer �

Estado actual del embarazo gemelar: Revisión de la literatura

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Dora Lucía Vallejo Ardila

2012-12-01

Full Text Available En la actualidad el diagnóstico de embarazo gemelar le confiere al binomio madre e hijo características específicas que los convierte en una población de alto riesgo para patologías que comprometen el estado de bienestar fetal como: prematurez, ruptura prematura de membranas, restricción de crecimiento intrauterino, malformaciones congénitas, problemas de entrecruzamiento del cordón, abruptio placentae, distocias de presentación y síndrome de trasfusión feto-fetal. Además de los determinantes de morbilidad materna, los cuales han incrementado su prevalencia según la etiología asociada, ya sean los trastornos de hipertensión asociados al embarazo, sepsis secundario a ruptura prematura de membranas y hemorragia postparto. En tanto así, recobra vital importancia realizar una revisión acuciosa dirigida por ejes temáticos sobre las patologías de mayor prevalencia asociadas al embarazo gemelar. Salud UIS 2012; 44 (3: 41-48

Influencia del contacto precoz, nacionalidad, tipo de parto y prematuridad en la lactancia materna

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Ana Belén Laviña Castan

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Conocer si en el HUMS existe asociación entre lactancia materna y nacionalidad, prematuridad, tipo de parto, contacto precoz piel con piel. Estudio de cohortes, en una muestra de 541 puérperas del HUMS en octubre-noviembre 2011. Las variables: nacionalidad, tipo de parto, contacto precoz, parto prematuro e inicio lactancia materna se recogieron antes del alta hospitalaria mediante cuestionario. A los dos meses postparto se contactó telefónicamente con las madres para conocer el tipo de lactancia en ese momento. El 70,32 % iniciaron la lactancia materna en las dos primeras horas postparto y el 55,58% daban Lactancia materna exclusiva (LME a los dos meses. Influyen en la lactancia materna el tipo de parto, contacto precoz y parto prematuro. La probabilidad de lactancia materna es 3,65 veces más alta si se ha realizado contacto precoz (RR 3,65; IC 95% 2,72-4,88; p=0,001. El inicio de lactancia materna en las 2 primeras horas y la nacionalidad española influye positivamente en la LME a los 2 meses. Las prácticas hospitalarias en el postparto deben promover el contacto precoz madre-recién nacido y el inicio de lactancia materna en las dos primeras horas, principalmente en las cesáreas.

Exigências de minerais para cabras durante a gestação: Na, K, Mg, S, Fe e Zn Minerals requirements of goats during the pregnancy: Na, K, Mg, S, F and Zn

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Roberto Germano Costa

2003-04-01

Full Text Available O trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de estimar a retenção e a exigência líquida dos minerais Na, K, Mg, S, Fe e Zn durante a gestação de cabras com um ou dois fetos. A estimativa de retenção foi baseada na diferença entre o total de cada mineral depositado no feto, útero, membranas, fluídos fetais e glândula mamária dos animais nas diferentes etapas da gestação e o total de cada mineral armazenado nas cabras vazias, utilizando-se o modelo de predição ln=A+Bx+Cx2, em que x=tempo de gestação. Os conteúdos de Na, K, Mg, S, Fe e Zn, durante as gestações de um e dois fetos foram de: 13,2 e 21,4 mg; 13,3 e 21,3 g; 2,1 e 3,7 mg; 5,5 e 9,3 mg; 575,5 e 981,0 mg; 112,6 e 164,7 mg nas gestações, resultando em exigências líquidas diárias de 0,13 e 0,11 g; 0,21 e 0,31 g; 0,06 e 0,11g; 0,17 e 0,21 g; 22,94 e 40,51 mg; 2,63 e 2,78 mg, respectivamente.This work was carried out with the purpose of evaluating the retention and the requirement of Ca e P minerals during the pregnancy of goats with one or two foetus. The estimate of retention was based in the difference between the total of each mineral stored in the foetus, uterus, membranes, fetals fluids and mammary gland of animals in the differents phases of pregnancy and the total of each mineral stored in the empty goats, using the model of prediction ln=A+Bx+Cx2, where x=time of pregnancy. The comparison of the estimative with the real values obtained show that the suggested model explained with coherence and precision the biological behavior of minerals retention during all pregnancy. The contend of Na, K, Mg, S, Fe e Zn was: 13.2 and 21.4 mg; 13.3 and 21.3 g; 2.1 and 3.7 mg; 5.5 and 9.3 mg; 575.5 and 981.0 mg; 112.6 and 164.7 mg in the pregnancy of one and two foetus, respectively, that resulted in a diary liquid requirement of 0.13 and 0.11 g; 0.21 and 0.31 g 0.06 and 0.11g; 0.17 and 0.21 g; 22.94 and 40.51 mg; 2.63 and 2.78 mg, respectively.

Associação entre a autoefi cácia no ciclo gravídico puerperal e o tipo de aleitamento materno

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Janaiana Lemos Uchoa

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivos: analizar la asociación de los promedios de los puntajes de Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy-scale (Short-form de mujeres en el prenatal y el postparto con la clase de lactancia materna. Materiales y método: estudio longitudinal y cuantitativo, realizado en unidades básicas de salud de Pacatuba (Ceará, Brasil, con 50 mujeres con más de 30 semanas gestacionales, en el periodo de julio a noviembre del 2011. Fueron cuatro recolecciones: la primera realizada en la unidad de salud durante el embarazo y las otras tres en visita domiciliaria en el puerperio. Se utilizaron la escala en las dos primeras recolecciones y el formulario de salud infantil en las tres últimas. Resultados: se observó significancia estadística entre los promedios de los puntajes de la escala (p=0,009, en el dominio técnico (ρ=0,001, entre uso de leche artificial al nacer y la clase de lactancia posterior a la salida de la maternidad (ρ=0,001. En la maternidad, las madres de niños que amamantaban exclusivamente presentaron promedios de los dos puntajes de autoeficacia más elevados tanto en el prenatal como en el postparto (p<0,005. Conclusiones: urge la actuación de los profesionales de salud en estrategias de promoción de la lactancia materna pautadas en la autoeficacia, debiendo implementárselas en el ciclo gestacional-puerperal, pues es evidente que altos puntajes de autoeficacia están directamente relacionados con el mayor tiempo de lactancia materna.

Consumo, digestibilidade e produção de cabras leiteiras alimentadas com dietas contendo diferentes fontes de lipídios - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v32i1.5207 Intake, digestibility and milk production of dairy goats fed with different fat sources - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v32i1.5207

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José Morais Pereira Filho

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Foram utilizados 12 animais da raça Saanen, com peso vivo de 35 kg e produção leiteira de 1,2 kg, para avaliação da suplementação lipídica sobre o consumo, digestibilidade, produção e composição do leite e quatro animais fistulados no rúmen para observação do pH. Os tratamentos consistiram de uma dieta-controle e três dietas suplementadas com semente de faveleira, torta de faveleira e caroço de algodão. Os dados foram analisados em quadrados latinos 4 x 4, com três repetições e as análises estatísticas feitas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. A suplementação lipídica diminuiu o consumo de matéria seca e da maioria dos nutrientes, com reflexo sobre a produção e composição do leite de cabras Saanen. A suplementação com torta de faveleira e com caroço de algodão pode ser considerada uma boa alternativa alimentar para cabras Saanen.This study used 12 Saanen goats with BW of 35 kg and daily milk production of 1.2 kg, in order to evaluate the effect of fat supplementation on the intake, digestibility and milk yield. Four animals were fistulated in the rumen for pH observation. The treatments consisted of a control diet and three diets supplemented with faveleira seed, faveleira cake and cotton seed. The data were analyzed in 4 x 4 chi squares, with three repetitions and the statistical analyses by Tukey's test at 5% probability. Fat supplementation decreases the intake of dry matter and of most nutrients, affecting milk yield and the composition of Saanen goat milk. Supplementation with faveleira cake and cotton seeds can be considered as an alternative feed for those animals.

Perfil microbiológico, celular e fatores de risco associados à mastite subclínica em cabras no semiárido da Paraíba Cellular and microbiological profiles and risk factors for subclinical mastitis in goats in the semi-arid region of Paraíba

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Patrícia B. Neves

2010-05-01

Full Text Available Foi realizado um estudo da mastite subclínica em nove rebanhos de cabras leiteiras no semiárido paraibano com o objetivo de determinar a ocorrência da infecção, avaliar o perfil microbiológico e celular do leite, testar a sensibilidade dos microorganismos isolados frente a antimicrobianos além de identificar os fatores de risco. Foram utilizadas 131 cabras leiteiras das quais foram colhidas 261 amostras de leite para exame microbiológico e 131 para contagem de células somáticas (CCS. Na ocasião das colheitas foi realizado o California Mastitis Test (CMT e aplicado um questionário epidemiológico por propriedade. Houve crescimento bacteriano em 30 amostras (11,49% com 25 (83,33% dos isolados identificados como Staphylococcus coagulase negativa e cinco (16,66% Staphylococcus aureus. A média de CCS foi de 1,39x10(6 células/ml. O CMT apresentou baixa sensibilidade (46,7% e baixa especificidade (60,6% quando comparado ao exame microbiológico. A gentamicina e a associação da neomicina, bacitracina e tetraciclina foram os antimicrobianos contra os quais os microrganismos isolados apresentaram 100% de sensibilidade. Penicilina e ampicilina foram os de maiores índices de resistência (66,67% e 63,89%, respectivamente. A caprinocultura não ser a atividade principal da propriedade e o não isolamento de animais doentes, foram identificados como fatores de risco para a mastite subclínica caprina nas propriedades estudadas. Programas de controle e profilaxia da mastite devem ser implementados enfocando as medidas de higiene na ordenha e correção dos fatores de risco identificados nesse estudo.A subclinical mastitis study was conducted in nine dairy goat herds in the semi-arid region of Paraíba state, Northeastern Brazil, to determine the occurrence of infection, to evaluate microbiological and cellular profiles of the milk, to test the sensitivity of isolated microorganisms to antimicrobials, and to identify risk factors. One hundred

Efeito dos genótipos para alphaS1-caseína sobre as frações proteicas e lipídicas do leite de cabra Effect of genotypes for αs1-casein on proteic and lipidic fractions in goat milk

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M.M.C. Silva

2009-06-01

Full Text Available O alto polimorfismo encontrado no lócus do gene da αS1-caseína em caprinos, classificado em quatro níveis de expressão - alto, médio, baixo e nulo -, está associado à produção de 3,6; 1,6; 0,6 e 0g/L/alelo, respectivamente. O estudo foi realizado para investigar possíveis variações na produção de leite e seus constituintes, no perfil de caseínas e na lipólise da gordura. Quarenta e quatro cabras foram distribuídas em cinco genótipos: dois homozigotos, um para alta (AA e outro para produção intermediária (EE, e três heterozigotos chamados AE, AF e EF, para αs1-caseína. Para a lipólise, o leite foi subamostrado em quatro alíquotas que sofreram tratamento térmico no momento da ordenha e após 24h de resfriamento. Diferenças entre genótipos foram observadas para a produção de caseína e de suas frações. As demais variáveis não diferiram entre genótipos. O genótipo AA apresentou os maiores conteúdos de caseína (28,6g/L e de αS1-cn (22,3%. Os demais genótipos apresentaram média de 20,4g/L. Os grupos AE e AF apresentaram média de 12,1, EE-10,1 e EF-9,1% de αS1-cn. O resfriamento do leite por 24 horas aumentou a taxa de lipólise no leite. A genotipagem das cabras para αS1-cn pode ser usada como ferramenta de seleção com objetivo de obter produtos lácteos com distintos perfis de proteínas.A high polymorphism is found in the locus of goat αS1-casein gene and it is classified in four levels of expression, named high, medium, and low, associated with production of 3.6, 1.6, 0.6, and 0 g/L/allele, respectively. The study was conducted to investigate possible variations on milk yield and components, profile of casein, and lipolysis of fat. Forty-four goats were assigned to five distinct genotypes as two homozygous, one for high (AA and the other for intermediate yield (EE; and three heterozygous named AE, AF, and EF for the αs1-casein. For lipolysis, milk was sampled in four aliquots which were treated soon

Trastornos del estado de ánimo en el puerperio : depresión postparto

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Gutiérrez Martín, Ana

2015-01-01

Se ahonda en los trastornos del estado de ánimo asociados al periparto. Según las estadísticas de los últimos años, las mujeres sufren de depresión el doble que los hombres. Se centra la atención en el cuadro de depresión posparto (DPP), a causa de su prevalencia en la población femenina y de la importancia que tiene sobre la mujer y sobre su entorno socioafectivo más cercano. Esta psicopatología surge por desajustes tanto sociales como fisiológicos y, en gran parte, por los cambios hormonale...

La depresión post-parto desde la pulsión de muerte

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Zelaya P., Carmen Rosa

2003-01-01

La DPP constituye un tema de interés reciente para el psicoanálisis, al que ha arribado como parte de su evolución teórica y clínica. Si bien existen estudios que dan cuenta de los efectos del estado depresivo en el desarrollo psíquico de su hijo, aún resulta escasa las investigaciones sobre la dinámica que se produce en la madre cuando se va afectada por este tipo de depresión. Este trabajo discute la utilidad del concepto de pulsión de muerte para profundizar en la comprensión de los psicod...

Achados ultrassonográficos da glândula mamária de cabras naturalmente infectadas com o vírus da artrite encefalite caprina

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R.S. Vianna

Full Text Available RESUMO A artrite encefalite caprina é uma virose que está distribuída mundialmente nos rebanhos. Na forma mamária, é predominante a mastite crônica, que pode causar assimetria e endurecimento do úbere, mais conhecida como mastite endurativa crônica, levando à redução na produção leiteira. A ultrassonografia é um bom método de avaliação da glândula mamária, pois consiste em uma técnica não invasiva, rápida e de fácil aplicação. Este estudo objetivou avaliar as características ultrassonográficas (escala de cinza, ecogenicidade e homogeneidade do parênquima mamário de 20 cabras sororreagentes e 20 não sororreagentes para o vírus da artrite encefalite caprina. Observou-se que o diâmetro médio dos linfonodos retromamários de animais sororreagentes (0,72cm para o vírus da artrite encefalite caprina foi menor (P=0,02 que o dos animais não sororreagentes (0,93cm. Na análise entre as porções do úbere, os valores da escala de cinza do terço distal da porção caudal do parênquima mamário foram maiores nos animais sororreagentes (P0,05, exibindo em sua maioria padrões hipoecoicos e heterogêneos. Diante dos resultados, o presente estudo aponta indícios de que a artrite encefalite caprina pode causar alterações na escala de cinza mensuráveis pela ultrassonografia, a qual pode ser utilizada como método auxiliar eficiente e não invasivo no monitoramento e diagnóstico precoce da mastite endurativa.

Procesos de formación de identidades colectivas en la música popular contemporánea en catalán: los casos de Sopa de Cabra y Els Pets

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Alfons Gregori i Gomis

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Con este trabajo se tiene la intención de presentar algunas reflexiones acerca de los procesos de creación de identitad(es y la música de Sopa de Cabra y Els Pets en el periodo que abarca desde sus primeros pasos a mediados de los ochenta hasta 1992, año de los Juegos Olímpicos de Barcelona 92,2 en relación con la música producida y consumida anteriormente en tierras catalanas. La elección de los grupos musicales mencionados tiene una conexión directa con su centralidad mediática. Efectivamente, a partir de aquel boom del rock en catalán, que se produjo en el paso de la década de los ochenta a la de los noventa, las formaciones citadas se convirtieron en ejes de interés mayoritario del público: funcionaban como catalizadores de energías y de flujos procedentes de todas partes, dinámica que analizaremos interdisciplinariamente. La actuación del 14 de junio de 1991 en el Palau Sant Jordi de Barcelona, junto con Sau y Sangtraït (coalición de bandas que se ha denominado a menudo “Los Cuatro Grandes” o “El Cuarteto Patria”, representa el punto culminante en el proceso de formalización de un nuevo paradigma en el mundo de la música catalana.

Ação do soro de cabra anti-soro de coelho imunizado ou não com células linfóides do doador sobre o alotransplante cardíaco em ratos: immunosupression of goat antiserum against rabbit serum immunized or not with donor lymphoid cells Cardiac allograft in rats

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Haylton Jorge Suaid

2002-01-01

Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: A rejeição imunológica é uma das principais causas da perda de órgãos transplantados. A tentativa do controle da reação imunológica é clinicamente feita através da imunossupressão inespecífica e experimentalmente também por bloqueio específico. O alotransplante cardíaco em ratos pela técnica de ONO,K é um bom método para avaliação clínica da rejeição e de estudos voltados para o controle da rejeição. Objetivo : estudar o efeito de um anti-antisoro linfocitário, anti-linfócitos do doador sobre a rejeição do alotransplante cardíaco de ratos Wistar para ratos Holtzman. MÉTODOS: o soro anti-linfocitário (SAL foi obtido através da imunização de coelhos com linfócitos obtidos de gânglios linfáticos da cadeia mesentérica de ratos Wistar, em solução de Tyrode, contendo 3x10(9 células/ ml. A inoculação de 3 coelhos foi feita com 1 ml da suspensão celular e 1 ml de adjuvante completo de Freund. Duas semanas após a primeira inoculação fez-se 4 doses semanais de reforço. Os coelhos foram sangrados na 5ª semana, quando então foram separados os soros. A titulação dos soros foi realizada pelo teste de citotoxicidade, sendo verificado que ambos apresentaram título de 1:1024. A dosagem de proteínas mostrou albumina com 3,1 e 2,7 g% e globulinas com 3,5 e 2,9 g%, sendo o normal 3,7 e 2,2 g% respectivamente. Os dois SAL foram misturados. Duas cabras foram inoculados, com 3 ml da mistura desses SAL, associados a 2 ml de adjuvante de Freund. As doses de reforço com 5 ml do SAL foram iniciadas 2 semanas após. A cabra A recebeu 8 doses (1,4 g de globulinas. A cabra B recebeu 4 doses de reforço (0,7 g de globulinas. Uma semana após a última inoculação retirou-se 125 ml de sangue de cada cabra, fazendo a separação dos anti-soro anti-SAL (ASAL. Uma terceira cabra C foi imunizada com soro normal de coelho. A determinação de precipitinas foi feita pelo método de OUCHTERLONY. O ASAL A teve t

Substituição do Milho pela Farinha de Mandioca de Varredura em Dietas de Cabras em Lactação: Fermentação Ruminal e Concentrações de Uréia Plasmática e no Leite Replacement of Corn by Cassava By-Product Meal in the Lactating Goat Diets: Effects on Diet Degradability, Ruminal Fermentation and Plasma and Milk Urea Concentrations

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Gisele Fernanda Mouro

2002-07-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da substituição do milho pela farinha de mandioca de varredura, em dietas de cabras Saanen em lactação, sobre a degradabilidade potencial, efetiva e efetiva corrigida das rações, bem como sobre o pH ruminal e as concentrações de amônia ruminal, uréia plasmática e uréia no leite em cabras em lactação. Foram utilizadas quatro cabras há 100 dias em lactação. O delineamento utilizado foi o quadrado latino 4 x4, em que os tratamentos consistiram em níveis de 0, 33, 67 e 100% de substituição do milho pela farinha de mandiocade varredura. A degradabilidade das rações experimentais foi determinada em bovinos pela técnica in situ. Apesar de a degradabilidade potencial das dietas experimentais ter tido pequena variação para MS, PB e amido, a degradabilidade efetiva e a degradabilidade efetiva corrigida da MS, da PB e do amido aumentaram com a substituição do milho pela farinha de varredura de mandioca. Os tratamentos não influenciaram o pH ruminal, bem como as concentrações de NH3-ruminal, uréia plasmática e uréia do leite. Houve correlação positiva (PThe objectives of this work were to evaluate effects of replacing corn by cassava by-product meal, in diets of Saanen lactating goats, on potencial, effective and corrected effective degradability of diets with steers, and on ruminal pH and ruminal ammonia, plasma urea nitrogen (PUN and milk urea nitrogen (MUN concentrations in lactating goats. Two steers and four multiparous goats fitted with ruminal cannula and 100 days in milking were used. The design was a 4 x 4 Latin square and treatments as following: 0, 33, 67 and 100% replacement of corn by cassava by-product meal. Rations degradability was determined using in situ technique. Potential degradability of experimental diets showed small variation for dry matter (DM, crude protein (CP and starch (S but effective and corrected effective degradability increased as corn was

Bone and mineral metabolism in primiparous women and its relationship with breastfeeding: a longitudinal study Metabolismo óseo y mineral en mujeres primíparas y su relación con la lactancia: un estudio longitudinal

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Mariela Glerean

2010-06-01

Full Text Available The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in bone metabolism in breastfeeding women (BF. We selected 30 primiparous women and compared them to 31 nulliparous women. We assessed bone mineral density (BMD in the lumbar spine (LS, femoral neck (FN and trochanter (TROC, biochemical parameters of bone turnover and hormone and cytokine levels at the puerperium, 6 months and 12 months after delivery. A trend to lower BMD of LS was seen at initial evaluation in BF. BMD in LS, FN, and TROC were increased 12 months after delivery. Baseline body mass index was higher in puerperal women (p = 0.02 and correlated with an increased FN and TROC BMD one year post delivery (p = 0.001 and p = 0.003. An increase in bone remodeling markers, and lower urinary calcium was observed; after 12 months these values normalized. Prolactin, parathormone related peptide (PTHrP and IL-6 were enhanced during the first six months of breastfeeding. We conclude that calcium for breastfeeding was obtained by transient mobilization of calcium deposits from the trabecular bone, and urinary calcium sparing induced by calciotrophic hormones and cytokines. Body weigth is an important factor in proximal femur BMD.El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los cambios que suceden en el metabolismo óseo de mujeres que amamantan. Se seleccionaron 30 mujeres primíparas y se compararon con 30 mujeres nulíparas como grupo control. Se evaluó la densidad mineral ósea (DMO del raquis lumbar (RL, cuello femoral (CF y trocánter (TROC, parámetros del remodelado óseo, hormonas y citoquinas. Estos parámetros se midieron en el puerperio inmediato, y a los 6 y 12 meses post-parto. La DMO del RL de la mujeres primíparas evidenciaron una tendencia a menores valores al comienzo de la lactancia comparadas con las mujeres controles, y se observó un incremento significativo de la DMO a los 12 meses, alcanzando valores similares al grupo control. La DMO en CF y del TROC aument

Parâmetros digestivos, produção e qualidade do leite de cabras Saanen recebendo rações com casca do grão de soja em substituição ao milho = Digestive parameters, production and quality of milk from Saanen goats fed rations with soybean hulls as a replacement for ground corn

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Maximiliane Alavarse Zambom

2007-07-01

Full Text Available O experimento objetivou avaliar os parâmetros digestivos, produção e qualidade do leite de cabras Saanen, recebendo rações com casca do grão de soja (CGS, em três níveis de substituição ao milho moído (0% CGS, 50% CGS e 100% CGS. Foram utilizadas três cabras Saanen (52,35 kg ± 7,46, primíparas, confinadas, distribuídas em quadrado latino 3 x 3. As rações apresentaram em média 14,70% de PB e 2,23 Mcal de EM kg-1 de MS ingerida. Foi realizado o controle diário da ingestão e produção de leite. As fezes foram coletadas para determinação da digestibilidade da matéria seca e dos nutrientes, e o líquido ruminal para determinação dos parâmetros ruminais. O leite foi coletado para análises físico-químicas e perfil de ácidos graxos. A maior (p 0,05 na digestibilidade da matéria seca e dos nutrientes, nem na produção e qualidade físico-química do leite. O tratamento 100% CGS proporcionou maior concentração de acetato ruminal, maior razão acetato:propionato e menores concentrações de propionato e butirato ruminal. Os tratamentos não alteraram (p > 0,05 o N-amoniacal e pH ruminal. O perfil de ácidos graxos do leite oscilou em função dos tratamentos. A casca do grão de soja pode substituir o milho moído em rações para cabras Saanen em lactação, sem alterações no processo digestivo, na produção e na qualidade do leite.The objective of this study was to evaluate digestive parameters, production and quality of milk from Saanen goats fed rations with soybean hulls (SBH as a replacement for ground corn. Three Saanen does (52.35 kg ± 7.46, confined and first-kidding, were allocated in a 3 x 3 Latin square. Treatments consisted of replacement levels of ground corn for SBH (0% SBH, 50% SBH and 100% SBH, with 14.70% of CP and 2.23 Mcal of ME kg-1 DMI as mean values. Intake and milk production were recorded daily. Feces were sampled for the determination of dry matter and nutrient digestibility, and ruminal

Óleo de soja e própolis na alimentação de cabras leiteiras Soybean oil and propolis in the diets of dairy goats

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Rogério de Paula Lana

2005-04-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se, neste experimento, verificar os efeitos da adição de óleo de soja e/ou de extrato etanólico de própolis na alimentação de cabras leiteiras sobre o consumo, a digestibilidade de nutrientes, a produção e composição do leite e alguns parâmetros de fermentação ruminal. Foram utilizadas dezesseis cabras Alpinas (quatro fistuladas no rúmen. Os animais foram alocados em quatro quadrados latinos 4x4, em arranjo fatorial 2x2 dos tratamentos. Foram adicionados ao concentrado 0 ou 120 g de óleo de soja e 0 ou 10 mL de extrato etanólico de própolis/animal/dia (30% p/v de própolis bruta moída em solução alcoólica a 70% em água. As dietas foram isoprotéicas, com 11,5% de PB, e compostas de 67% de silagem de milho e 33% de concentrado à base de fubá de milho e farelo de soja. O óleo de soja reduziu os consumos de matéria seca (%PV e g/kg PV0,75, de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN e de carboidratos não-fibrosos; diminuiu a digestibilidade da FDN; aumentou a digestibilidade da PB e do EE e o teor de nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT; reduziu a produção e aumentou os percentuais de gordura, proteína e sólidos totais no leite; aumentou o pH; e reduziu a relação acetato:propionato no líquido ruminal. Houve interação entre óleo de soja e extrato etanólico de própolis, de modo que o óleo de soja reduziu os consumos de MS, MO e FDN (em kg/animal/dia somente na presença de própolis e aumentou o consumo de PB na ausência de própolis. O óleo de soja mostrou-se mais efetivo em alterar as variáveis analisadas que o extrato etanólico de própolis.The objective of this experiment was to verify the effects of soybean oil and/or ethanolic extract of propolis, in the diets of dairy goats, on intake, on digestibility of nutrients, on milk production and composition and some ruminal parameters. Sixteen Alpine female goats were used, in which four animals fistulated in the rumen. The animals were allocated in four 4

FERTILIZACION DE OVOCITOS CAPRINOS MADURADOS EN DOS MEDIOS DE CULTIVO

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Alejandra Soberano Martinez

2010-10-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto de dos medios de cultivo en la tasa de maduración y fertilización de ovocitos de cabra. Los complejos cumulus ovocito (CCO´s fueron obtenidos de ovarios de cabras post-mortem. En el experimento I (EXP I, 361 CCO´s fueron divididos al azar para su maduración en TCM-199 (n=171 y HECM-9 (n=190. Ambos medios fueron suplementados con LH y FSH (10µg/ml y 50µg/ml de gentamicina. Los CCO´s fueron cultivados a 38.5 °C, 5% CO2 y a las 27 h post-maduración, fueron lavados en PBS y teñidos con Hoescht 33342 para evaluar la tasa de maduración. En el experimento II (EXP II 667 CCO´s fueron distribuidos en TCM-199 (n=323 y HECM-9 (n=344, y 30 ovocitos de cada tratamiento fueron evaluados como en el EXP I, el resto fueron co-incubados con 2x104 espermatozoides caprinos en medio TBM + 0.03% de BSA para evaluar la tasa de fertilización a las 36 h después. En el EXP I, la tasa de maduración nuclear fue superior (p

Efeitos do estresse térmico sobre a produção, composição química do leite e respostas termorreguladoras de cabras da raça alpina Thermal stress effects on milk yield and chemical composition and thermoregulatory responses of lactating alpines goats

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Lúcia Helena de Albuquerque Brasil

2000-12-01

Full Text Available Seis cabras da raça Alpina, com produção média de leite de 2,5 kg/dia, foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em dois grupos de três e submetidas à termoneutralidade ou estresse térmico por 56 dias em câmara climática. Usou-se um delineamento estatístico "crossover". A temperatura média do ar diurna, incluindo radiação solar simulada, foi de 33,84ºC. Os animais estressados aumentaram a freqüência respiratória, o volume-minuto respiratório, a termólise-evaporativa respiratória, temperatura retal e a taxa de sudorese, enquanto o volume corrente respiratório e o volume globular diminuíram. Houve também perda de peso, redução da ingestão de alimentos e duplicação do consumo de água. A produção de leite e a porcentagem de gordura, proteína, lactose e sólidos totais diminuíram. Os teores de cloretos, cálcio e fósforo não sofreram alteração. Concluiu-se que, para manter a homeotermia, as cabras mobilizaram o sistema respiratório e sudoríparo para perder calor. A alta temperatura ambiente efetiva reduziu a produção e os teores de alguns componentes do leite.Six Alpine goats with an average milk yield of 2.5 kg/day were randomly assigned to two groups of three and allotted to thermoneutral or heat stress conditions, for 56 days in climate chamber room. A crossover experimental design was used. The goats under heat stress were exposed to a diurnal average air temperature plus simulated solar radiation of 33. 84ºC. The heat-stressed goats showed elevated respiratory frequency, respiratory minute volume, respiratory evaporation, rectal temperature and sweating rate, while the tidal volume and packed cell volume decreased. Further weight loss, decreased feed intake, and their water consumption doubled. The milk yield, the percentage of fat, protein, lactose and total solid contents decreased. The contents of chloride, calcium and phosphorus did not change. The goats mobilized the respiratory and sweating systems to

Fatores que influenciam os parâmetros das curvas de lactação em cabras no Distrito Federal Factors which influence parameters of goat lactation curves in the Federal District

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Concepta McManus

2003-12-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de fatores ambientais sobre a forma de curvas de lactação (Quadrática, Gama, Linear Hiperbólica e Jenkins e Ferrel de cabras das raças Saanen, Parda Alpina, Toggenburg e seus mestiços. Foram usados registros de 299 lactações de 215 cabras criadas em dois criatórios localizados no Distrito Federal no período de 1995 a 1997. Os parâmetros das curvas de lactação (produção no início da lactação - a, taxa média de ascenção - b e taxa média de declínio após o pico - c foram estimados pelo programa "Table Curve" da companhia de Jandel Scientific. Estes parâmetros foram analisados usando o programa SAS com os procedimentos Corr e GLM. O modelo estatístico incluiu como fatores fixos o capril, a raça, o mês e o ano de parto, tipo de parto, sexo do cabrito, e o peso de cobertura foi utilizado como covariável. Os parâmetros a e c foram influenciados pela raça, pelo mês do parto e pelo tipo do parto. As curvas Quadrática e Linear Hiperbólica tiveram os maiores R². As correlações entre os parâmetros das curvas e os índices zootécnicos, no geral, foram altas e positivas. Este estudo mostra que qualquer uma das funções estudadas poderia representar a curva de lactação individual do rebanho, no entanto, a que melhor expressou os parâmetros na formação da curva foi a função Quadrática, enquanto aquelas que melhor descreveram a produtividade foram o Linear Hiperbólica e Jenkins e Ferrel.The objetive of this work was to evaluate the effect of environmental factors on the shape of lactation curves (Quadratic, Gama, Linear Hiperbolic and Jenkins & Ferrel of Saanen, Alpine and Toggenburg as well as mixed breed goats. Data from 299 lactations of 215 goats raised on two farms in the Federal District from 1995 to 1997 was used. The parameters of the lactation curves (yield at start of lactation- a, rate of increase of milk production - b e rate of decline of milk

Efeito da suplementação de lipídios sobre a digestibilidade e os parâmetros da fermentação ruminal em cabras leiteiras Effect of lipid supplementation on digestibility and ruminal metabolism in dairy goats

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Márcia Maria Cândido da Silva

2007-02-01

Full Text Available Avaliou-se o efeito da inclusão de óleo de soja (OS, sais de cálcio de ácidos graxos de cadeia longa (SC e grão de soja (GS na dieta sobre o consumo, as digestibilidades total e ruminal dos nutrientes, os parâmetros ruminais e a produção e eficiência de produção de proteína microbiana em cabras. Foram utilizadas oito cabras não-gestantes e não-lactantes, fistuladas no rúmen, distribuídas em delineamento experimental em quadrado latino 4 x 4, com duas repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de quatro dietas, sendo uma controle (C, isenta de lipídio suplementar, e as demais, adicionadas de um dos suplementos testados, contribuindo com 4,5% de EE suplementar (6,5% na dieta total. A suplementação lipídica não alterou o consumo de MS. Os coeficientes das digestibilidades total e ruminal do EE nas dietas com suplementos lipídicos foram superiores aos da dieta controle. Maior tempo de retenção de partículas sólidas foi obtido com o uso de grão de soja como suplemento. Os tratamentos não influenciaram o pH, a síntese e a eficiência de proteína microbiana, mas reduziram a concentração de amônia no rúmen. A suplementação com lipídios no nível de 4,5% pode ser utilizada de modo eficiente em dietas para caprinos.Eight non-pregnant, non-lactating dairy goats fitted with ruminal cannulas were assigned to two replicated 4 x 4 Latin squares to evaluate the effects of lipid supplementation on intake, total tract and ruminal digestibility of nutrients, ruminal metabolism, and microbial protein synthesis. Animals were fed a control diet (no fat supplementation; 2.0% ether extract or a diet supplemented (4.5% of added ether extract with soybean oil (SO, calcium salts of long-chain fatty acids (CS or whole soybean grain (WS. No significant differences were observed for dry matter intake among diets. Apparent total tract and ruminal digestibilities of ether extract were greater on diets containing fat supplements than on the

Farelo de cacau (Theobroma cacao L. e torta de dendê (Elaeis guineensis, Jacq na alimentação de cabras em lactação: consumo e produção de leite Effects of feeding cocoa meal (Theobroma cacao L. and palm kernel cake (Elaeis guineensis, Jacq on milk intake and yield for lactating goats

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Herymá Giovane de Oliveira Silva

2005-10-01

Full Text Available Foram avaliados o consumo e a produção de leite de cabras recebendo dietas contendo farelo de cacau (FC ou torta de dendê (TD em substituição ao milho e ao farelo de soja da ração concentrada. Foram utilizadas cinco cabras da raça Saanen, com produção média diária de 2,0 kg de leite e aos 60 dias de lactação, distribuídas em um quadrado latino 5 x 5. Os períodos experimentais tiveram duração de 14 dias, em que os dez primeiros foram destinados à adaptação e os quatro últimos, à coleta de amostras. As rações foram isoprotéicas, com 13,2% de proteína bruta. As dietas constituíram-se de 36% de volumoso (silagem de milho e 64% de concentrado na matéria seca. Os tratamentos consistiram de concentrado à base de milho e soja com 0, 15 e 30% de FC ou TD. Os consumos de matéria seca, matéria orgânica, proteína bruta, nutrientes digestíveis totais, carboidratos totais e carboidratos não-fibrosos reduziram com a inclusão de 30% de FC. Os consumos de fibra em detergente neutro e extrato etéreo (EE não foram alterados pelas dietas. O consumo de fibra em detergente ácido diferiu apenas entre os tratamentos com 30% de TD e 30% de FC, sendo 0,94 e 0,59% do peso vivo animal, respectivamente. O tratamento com 30% de FC proporcionou menor produção de leite (1,208 kg/dia, se assemelhando apenas ao tratamento com inclusão de 30% de TD quando a produção foi corrigida para 3,5% de gordura. O FC e a TD apresentam viabilidade de uso como alternativa na dieta de cabras em lactação em até 9,13 e 18,81% da matéria seca, respectivamente.The effects of replacing corn and soybean meal with cocoa meal (CF or palm kernel cake (PKC in the concentrate on milk intake and yield of goats were evaluated. Five Saanen goats, averaging 2 kg daily milk yield at 60 days of lactation, were assigned to a 5 x 5 Latin square experimental design. The experiment lasted 14 days, with 10 days for adaptation period and four days for sample

Substituição do Milho pela Farinha de Mandioca de Varredura em Dietas de Cabras em Lactação: Produção e Composição do Leite e Digestibilidade dos Nutrientes Corn Replacement by Cassava by-Product Meal in the Lactating Goat Diets: Effects on Milk Production and Composition and Nutrients Digestibility

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Gisele Fernanda Mouro

2002-01-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da substituição do milho pela farinha de mandioca de varredura, em dietas de cabras Saanen em lactação, sobre o desempenho, a composição do leite (sólidos totais e proteína bruta, a digestibilidade da matéria seca (MS, matéria orgânica (MO, proteína bruta (PB, extrato etéreo (EE, fibra insolúvel em detergente neutro (FDN, e amido e a concentração dos nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT das dietas. Foram utilizadas quatro cabras há 100 dias em lactação. O delineamento utilizado foi o quadrado latino 4 x 4, em que os tratamentos consistiram em níveis de 0, 33, 67 e 100% de substituição do milho pela farinha de varredura. Os tratamentos não influenciaram a ingestão, excreção fecal, digestão total e a digestibilidade total da MS, MO, PB, FDN e carboidratos não-fibrosos (CNF. Houve diminuição linear na excreção fecal e aumento na digestibilidade do amido, com a inclusão da farinha de mandioca de varredura. O NDT não diferiu entre as dietas estudadas, com média de 71,59%. Houve correlação positiva entre a digestibilidade da matéria orgânica (DIGMO e o NDT (r = 0,9472, permitindo estimativas do NDT a partir da equação NDT (% = 0,8897DIGMO (% + 10,9940 (R²=0,8972. A substituição da farinha da mandioca de varredura não alterou a produção, bem como a composição do leite. Recomenda-se a utilização da farinha de mandioca de varredura em dietas de cabras em lactação, em total substituição ao milho, sem prejuízos na digestibilidade dos nutrientes e na produção.The objectives of this work were to evaluate effects of replacing corn by cassava by-product meal, in diets of Saanen lactating goats, on milk production and composition (total solids and crude protein, nutrient apparent digestibility and total digestible nutrients (TDN of diets. Four multiparous goats fitted with ruminal cannula, with 100 days of lactation, were used. The design was a 4 x 4 Latin

Faune magdalénienne de la Grande Grotte de Labastide. (Hautes - Pyrénées, France.

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André Clot

1988-01-01

Full Text Available La cueva de Labastide (Altos Pirineos, francia ha proporcionado una fauna del Magdaleniense medio (datada en 14.260 ± 440 BP, con especies de gran tamaño, el caballo (Equus caballus cf. gallicus, el bisonte y el uro, el reno. Algunos restos señalan la presencia de la cabra de los Pirineos y del sarrio, sin embargo el ciervo está ausente. Entre los carnívoros, se deben anotar numerosos huesos de zorro   común, y algunos de restos de zorro polar, de línce nórdico y de gato montés. Unos treinta restos pertenecen al glotón, pocas veces citado en los Pirineos.

Experimental intoxication of pregnant goats with Tetrapterys multiglandulosa A. Juss. (Malpighiaceae Intoxicação experimental por Tetrapterys multiglandulosa A. Juss. (Malpighiaceae em cabras gestantes

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M.M. Melo

2001-02-01

Full Text Available Green leaves of Tetrapterys multiglandulosa A. Juss were fed to pregnant goats from day 35 of pregnancy. Five goats received 10g/kgBW (group I, five received 20g/kgBW (group II and five were used as control (group III, and received only hay, fresh grass and commercial ration. All animals were clinically examined daily and submitted to ultrasonography every three days. Fetal death and vulvar catarrhal discharge with subsequent abortion were observed at the end of the second month of pregnancy in group II and at the third month of pregnancy in group I. Animals from groups I and II were slaughtered after abortion and necropsied. Goats from the control group were necropsied at the same time. The main lesions in the aborted goats were focal placentitis with early involution (apoptosis and placentary coagulation necrosis, acute focal endometritis and vulvo-vaginal petechiae. All aborted fetuses were underdeveloped when compared to control fetuses, probably due to fetal malnutrition, since no congenital malformations could be noted. The majority of aborted fetuses showed some degree of autolysis, as fetal death occurred five and three days before abortion, in groups I and II, respectively. The most remarkable fetal lesions were focal or diffuse hemorrhages in the skin, meninges and visceral serosae.Com o objetivo de investigar a toxicidade da Tetrapterys multiglandulosa A. Juss. foram utilizadas 15 cabras gestantes, divididas aleatoriamente em três grupos (GI, GII e GIII com cinco animais cada. Após estabelecer o diagnóstico de gestação no tempo médio de 35 dias, eram oferecidas diariamente doses de 10 e 20g/kg PV das folhas (jovens e maduras de Tetrapterys multiglandulosa para os grupos I e II, respectivamente, junto ao capim picado, feno e concentrado. Para o grupo III, usado como controle, foram fornecidos somente capim picado, feno e concentrado. Todos os animais foram submetidos a exames clínicos diários e a ultra-sonografia a cada tr

La supresión del ferrocarril, la Carretera de la Fruta, y su impacto en la movilidad del sector aledaño. / The removal of rail, road fruits, and its impact on the mobility of the surrounding area.

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Sahady V., Antonio

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Además de la línea férrea que recorre Chile, existieron en alguna época, las líneas férreas transversales que conectaron las zonas rurales más distantes, especialmente en las derivaciones hacia la costa. Una de ellas fue conocida como el ramal Pelequén - Las Cabras (localidades extremas del ramal. Durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX dicho ramal constituía casi el único medio de transporte de una población –relativamente alejada- para trasladarse a la capital o a cualquier ciudad del norte o del sur, y también de la carga de productos agrícolas desde el campo hasta la ciudad. Al desaparecer el ferrocarril el cambio de la movilidad fue evidente./There is a rail road that goes from north to south in Chile. But there also were railroads that went from the east to the west thus connecting even the most rural and remote areas, specially those near the coastline. One of these east to west rail roads was the branch line Pelequén – Las Cabras (the end and beginning of the branch line. During the second half of the 19th century this branch line was the only way this remote community had to travel and transport agricultural products to the capital and anywhere in the country. When the railroad ceased to function the change in mobility was most evident.

Tendencias genéticas y fenotípicas para características de producción y composición de la leche en cabras Saanen de México

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José Antonio Torres-Vázquez

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Con el objetivo de estimar las tendencias genéticas y fenotípicas, se analizaron registros de primera lactancia estandarizados a 305 días para producción de leche (MILK, n=1041, producción de grasa (FAT, n=487, producción de proteína (PROT, n=477, producción de lactosa (LACT, n=401, contenido de grasa (%FAT, n=487, contenido de proteína (%PROT, n=477 y contenido de lactosa (%LACT, n=401, obtenidos entre 2000 y 2006 en 10 rebaños de cabras Saanen de Guanajuato, México. Los valores genéticos aditivos predichos (VGP se obtuvieron mediante modelos animales univariados que incluyeron grupos genéticos de progenitores fantasmas. Las tendencias genéticas se estimaron a partir de la regresión de los VGP en el año de nacimiento. Las tendencias fenotípicas se estimaron a partir de la regresión de los registros en el año de nacimiento. Las tendencias genéticas anuales para MILK, FAT, PROT y LACT fueron de 2.99±1.06 kg, -0.21±0.09 kg, -0.10±0.04 kg y -0.19±0.09 kg, respectivamente (P0.05. La tendencia genéticaanual para MILK fue de 0.32 % de la media fenotípica. Estos resultados indican que es preciso usar criterios más adecuados de selección, incrementando el énfasis en todas las características productivas,incluyendo los contenidos de grasa y proteína, para maximizar el progreso económico en esta población, cuya principal finalidad es la producción de leche para la fabricación de queso.

Approach

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Guido Pinto Aguirre

2008-01-01

Full Text Available El propósito de este documento es investigar y re-estimar los efectos de los patrones de lactancia, salud y estado nutricional de la mujer y consumo de energía sobre la duración del retorno de la fertilidad de postparto (es decir, retorno de la menstruación de postparto utilizando toda la información relevante en el estudio longitudinal del Instituto de Nutrición de Centroamérica y Panamá y un procedimiento de estimación más adecuado (modelos de riesgo. Los datos utilizados provienen del Estudio Longitudinal llevado a cabo en Guatemala entre 1967 y 1979. En este artículo se utiliza un modelo de riesgo con varios estados que reconoce diferentes caminos y estados en el proceso del retorno de la fertilidad de postparto. El modelo descansa en la existencia de cinco estados (lactancia total, lactancia parcial, destete, mortalidad infantil y menstruación. También incluye de manera explícita nutrición maternal y consumo de energía de la mujer como elementos estratégicos del modelo. El estudio encontró que los efectos de los patrones de lactancia, nutrición de la madre y patrones de trabajo de la mujer (consumo de energía sobre la fertilidad en las áreas rurales de Guatemala son fuertes y significativos. La contribución de este artículo es mostrar que la aplicación de los modelos de riesgo con múltiples estados proporciona estimados que son consistentes con hipótesis que relacionan patrones de lactancia, estado nutricional maternal y estresores maternales externos a procesos que aceleran (desaceleran el retorno de ciclos menstruales normales.

Activity rhythms and the influence of some environmental variables on summer ungulate behaviour in Ordesa-Monte Perdido National Park

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Aldezabal, A.

1999-12-01

Full Text Available We have studied daily activity rhythms and time-budgets of four large herbivores (cattle, sheep, goats and chamois which form a multi-species grazing system in a summer pastoral unit of the Central Pyrenees. Also, the influence of some environmental variables (altitude, slope and plant cover on the main activities has been appraised. Grazing is the activity to which most time is dedicated in all the species: cattle 48%, sheep 53%, goats 55% and chamois 68%. Cattle is the species with the highest resting rate (41% and sheep is the species spends most time walking (35%. Results suggest the existence of an inverse relationship between body size and grazing time. Cattle show two clear grazing peaks during the day at early morning and late evening. Contrary to this, sheep and chamois show a multimodal pattern, with some peaks for this activity throughout the day. Environmental factors clearly influence cattle and chamois activities. Sheep and goats show a less definite pattern in respect to environmental factors, probably because of their herded condition.

[es] Se estudian los ritmos de actividad diarios y la distribución del tiempo entre diferentes actividades, de cuatro grandes herbívoros (vacas, ovejas, cabras y rebecos que utilizan durante el verano la misma unidad pastoral (Puerto de Góriz, Parque Nacional de Ordesa en el Pirineo Central. Asimismo, se determina la influencia de diversas variables ambientales (altitud, pendiente y cobertura vegetal sobre la conducta de dichos rumiantes. El pastoreo es la actividad a la que más tiempo dedican todas las especies: vacas 48%, ovejas 53%, cabras 55% y rebecos 68%. El ganado vacuno es la especie que más tiempo dedica al descanso (41% y el ovino el que más tiempo emplea en desplazarse (35%. Los resultados sugieren la existencia de una relación inversa entre tamaño corporal y tiempo dedicado al pastoreo, ya apuntada por otros autores. Vacas y cabras presentan dos períodos máximos de

IDENTIFICAÇÃO DOS FATORES DE RISCO PARA DEPRESSÃO PÓS-PARTO: IMPORTÂNCIA DO DIAGNÓSTICO PRECOCE

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Lorena Andrade Gomes

2010-01-01

Full Text Available La investigación tuvo como objetivo identificar los factores de riesgo que pueden contribuir para la Depresión Post-parto (DPP y también identificar los síntomas que pueden caracterizarla en el período del puerperio inmediato. Se trata de una investigación descriptiva con enfoque cuantitativo, realizada entre abril y mayo del 2008, con puérperas (n = 95 de una maternidad considerada de referencia de la ciudad de Fortaleza. Como instrumentos se utilizaron: un formulario con informaciones socioeconómicas y demográficas y la Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS, para evaluar la DPP. La prevalencia de depresión post-parto encontrada fue de 24,2% (EPDS = 13. Los hallazgos sugieren que las bajas condiciones socioeconómicas pueden contribuir para el desarrollo de la DPP y, a pesar de ser una enfermedad subdiagnosticada, las cifras encontradas muestran alto porcentaje de puérperas susceptibles a desarrollar síntomas de depresión después del parto.

Efeitos do estresse térmico nas concentrações plasmáticas de progesterona (P4 e estradiol 17-b (E2 e temperatura retal em cabras da raça Pardo Alpina Effects of heat stress on progesterone (P4 and estradiol-17b plasma concentrations and rectal temperature of Alpine Brown goats

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Luis Fernando Uribe-Velásquez

2001-04-01

Full Text Available Seis cabras lactantes foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em um delineamento experimental em "crossover", em dois grupos: sob condições termoneutras e estresse térmico. Um período de adaptação de 28 dias foi seguido por quatro períodos de 14 dias cada, quando os animais sob estresse térmico foram expostos à temperatura média de 33,84ºC; THI de 86,20; BGT de 36,18 e BT de 32,11ºC das 8 às 17 horas, incluindo radiação solar simulada das 10 às 15 horas. Não houve diferença entre as concentrações plasmáticas de progesterona, mas as fêmeas submetidas ao estresse térmico apresentaram diminuição nas concentrações plasmáticas de estradiol, quando comparados ao grupo termoneutro. A temperatura retal dos animais sob estresse térmico foi mais elevada quando foi comparada à do grupo de animais em condições de termoneutralidade. As cabras mantiveram as concentrações plasmáticas da progesterona, com diminuição na secreção de estradiol, quando expostas a um estresse repetido e intermitente, a despeito de ocorrer hipertermia durante o estresse pelo calor.Six lactating goats were randomly assigned to a crossover experimental design in two groups, under thermoneutral and heat stress conditions. An adaptation period of 28 days were followed by 4-periods of 14 days each, when the animals under heat stress were exposed to an average temperature of 33.34ºC; THI of 86.20; BGT of 36.18 and BT of 32.11ºC from 8 to 17 hours, including simulated solar radiation from 10 to 15 hours. There was no difference for progesterone plasma concentrations but the animals under heat stress showed a reduction of estradiol plasma concentrations as compared to the thermoneutral group. The rectal temperature of the animals under heat stress was higher when compared to the animals under thermoneutral conditions. The goats maintained progesterone plasma concentrations with reduction of estradiol secretion when exposed to repeat stress and intermittent

Influência do tipo de leite nos parâmetros de textura e estabilidade de sorvete

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Angélica Cáritas da Silva

2013-08-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as características do leite de cabra de duas raças para a produção de sorvete e comparar com o sorvete produzido a partir de leite de vaca. Amostras de leite de vaca e de cabra foram analisadas em relação à composição e às propriedades físico-químicas (densidade, crioscopia e capacidade espumante. O volume molar parcial do monoestearato de sorbitana (MS nas amostras de leite foi determinado. Foram preparadas formulações idênticas de sorvete de chocolate, variando apenas o tipo de leite. Foram analisados o teor de gordura e o perfil de derretimento dos sorvetes. Realizaram-se também o Perfil de Textura (TPA e a análise sensorial de aceitação dos sorvetes. Não houve diferença (p>0,05 entre os constituintes e as propriedades dos tipos de leite, exceto para crioscopia e capacidadeespumante. O volume molar parcial de MS foi positivo para todos os leites. Não houve diferença (p>0,05 nos teores de gordura dos sorvetes. Em relação à TPA, a dureza e a gomosidade foram diferentes para o leite de vaca. Não houve diferença (p>0,05 no tempo inicial de derretimento e na velocidade de derretimento do leite de cabra comparado ao de vaca. Os sorvetes produzidos apresentaram boa aceitação sensorial, não havendo diferença (p>0,05 entre eles. Os resultados apontam o potencial do leite de cabra como alternativa ao leite de vaca na produção de sorvete.

Presença de Staphylococcus spp. produtores de enterotoxinas e da toxina da síndrome do choque tóxico em manipuladores de queijo de cabra Presence of Staphylococcus strains producer of enterotoxins and toxic shock toxin syndrome isolated from goat's cheese handlers

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L.S. Rapini

2005-12-01

Full Text Available Agruparam-se 167 cepas de Staphylococcus, isoladas de diferentes sítios (fossas nasais, orofaringe, palma das mãos e leitos subungueais, de dois manipuladores de queijos de leite de cabra, em pools (45, de acordo com a similaridade da espécie e o local de origem, e testou-se o seu potencial de produção de enterotoxinas (SE A, B, C e D, e da toxina da síndrome do choque tóxico (TSST-1. Constatou-se que 62,2% dos pools foram capazes de produzir, de forma individual ou associada, SEA (33,3%; SEB (46,7%; SEC (8,9%; SED (4,4% e TSST-1 (4,4%. Dos pools enterotoxigênicos, 96,4% corresponderam a espécies coagulase negativa (Staphylococcus epidermidis e Staphylococcus cohnii. A capacidade de produção de SE e de TSST-1 pelas cepas de Staphylococcus spp. isoladas dos manipuladores, além de reafirmar sua importância na transmissão de intoxicações de origem alimentar, enfatiza a necessidade imprescindível da adoção de condutas higiênicas e sanitárias durante a manipulação do alimento.A total of 167 strains of Staphylococcus isolated from nasal cavities, oropharynx, palm of hands and subunguial of two goat's cheese handlers were collected. The strains were pooled (45 according to the species similarity and place of origin and tested for the production of enterotoxins (SE A, B, C, D and toxic shock toxin syndrome (TSST-1. It was observed that 62.2% of the pools presented the capacity to produce, individually or in association, SEA (33.3%; SEB (46.7%; SEC (8.9%; SED (4.4% and TSST-1 (4.4%. From the enterotoxigenic pools, 96.4% corresponded to species negative coagulase (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus cohnii. The capacity to produce SE and TSST-1 by Staphylococcus spp. strains isolated from food handlers reaffirms its hole on the transmission of food poisoning, beyond emphasizing the indispensable necessity of the adoption of satisfactory hygienic and sanitary procedures during the food manufacture.

Al-Qurû’ fi Al-Qur’an ‘Inda Al-Anbary fi Al-Adhdâd

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Raushani Azza

2018-03-01

Full Text Available This study examines about the term al-Qurû in the Qur’an. Al-Qurû is one of the most popular discussions among muslim scholars and mufasir, both in terms of language and fiqh. However, there is a bate among muslim scholar and mufasir about the meaning of al-Qurû. It’s because al-Qurû is one of the sentence of al-Adhdâd wich has two meaning, especially in the Qur’an, namely haid (menstruation and thahr. One of the most popular muslim scholar who concern in Qur’an and Arabic is al-Anbari with his book al-Adhdâd. Al-Anbari explains that Qurû has two meanings, First, al-Qurû in etymology is the form of Jama’ from aqra and qurû. Second, al-Qurû has a meaning of menstruation, thahr, or the period of iddah as a sign of being allowed to remarry after certain period of time.

Efeitos hemogasométricos da xilazina e da romifidina em cabras tratadas por ioimbina Haemogasometric effects of xylazine and romifidine in goats treated with yohimbine

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J.A.B. Bastos

2005-09-01

Full Text Available Estudaram-se as alterações produzidas por doses equipotentes de xilazina e romifidina e os efeitos da administração subseqüente de ioimbina em oito cabras mestiças. Respeitou-se um intervalo de sete dias entre os seguintes tratamentos: A- 250µg/kg/IM de xilazina e 0,1ml/kg/IV de solução fisiológica, B- 250µg/kg/IM de xilazina e 250µg/kg/IV de ioimbina, C- 25µg/kg/IM de romifidina e 0,1ml/kg/IV de solução fisiológica, D- 25µg/kg/IM de romifidina e 250µg/kg/IV de ioimbina. Foram mensurados a freqüência respiratória, o pH, as pressões parciais de oxigênio e dióxido de carbono, a concentração de íon bicarbonato, o excesso de bases e a saturação de oxigênio no sangue arterial. Utilizou-se um delineamento experimental crossover, e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste Duncan (PdWith the purpose to assess some of the clinical and laboratorial features induced by xylazine and romifidine, at equipotent sedative doses, followed by the use of yohimbine, eight crossbred female goats were assigned randomly to four treatments at the following dose rates: A- 250µg/kg/IM xylazine plus 0.1ml/kg/IV saline solution, B- 250µg/kg/IM xylazine plus 250µg/kg/IV de yohimbine, C- 25µg/kg/IM romifidine plus 0.1ml/kg/IV saline, D- 25µg/kg/IM romifidine plus 250µg/kg/IV yohimbine. Breath rate, pH, oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions, concentration of hydrogen carbonate, base excess and fraction of oxyhemoglobin of arterial blood were measured. A crossover experimental design was used and the comparisons of treatment means were performed by Duncan test (Pd<0.05. Xylazine and romifidine induced a decrease in partial pressure of oxygen and an increase in partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood. Yohimbine reversed the effects of xylazine and romifidine on arterial oxygen carbon partial pressures.

Al-Âyah al-Mutasyâbihât al-Lafzhiyyah fi Sûrah al-An’âm ‘Inda al-Kirmâny

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Hikmatiar Pasya

2017-07-01

Full Text Available This paper discusses about the verses of mutasyâbihât in the Quran. The debate of this verses caused various opinions. The meaning of the mutasyâbihât in this paper is the similarity and difference of the words in the Qur'an. Mufasir have different opinion about the meaning of the verse of mutasyâbihât al-lafdzi. In addition, many Hufadz of the Quran who are confused from one verse to another, or one chapter to another. It’s because similarity of verses in the Qur'an with other verses. So the writer wants to explain the verses mutasyâbihât al-lafdzi in the perspective of Hamzh al-Karmani in Surah al-An'âm. In this discussion the author discovers some passages in mutasyâbihât al-lafdzi, namely Asrâru al-balaghah fi mutasyabih al-lafdzi, Asrar al-balaghah fi mutasyabih al-hurf, and murâ'ah al-ikhtilâfmurâd bi al-lafdzi al-mukarrar.

Estimação de parâmetros genéticos para produção de leite de cabras da raça Alpina Genetic parameters estimation for test day milk yield of Alpina goats

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Fernanda Cristina Breda

2006-04-01

Full Text Available Foram utilizados 9.374 registros semanais de produção de leite de 302 primeiras lactações de cabras da raça Alpina. A produção de leite no dia do controle foi analisada por meio de um modelo animal, unicarater, de regressão aleatória, em que as funções de covariâncias para os componentes genéticos aditivos e de ambiente permanente foram modeladas por meio das funções de Wilmink, Ali e Schaeffer e por polinômios ortogonais, em uma escala de Legendre de ordens cúbica e quíntica. Assumiu-se, ainda, variância residual homogênea durante toda a lactação e heterogênea com três e quatro classes de variância residual. Os modelos foram comparados pelo critério de informação de Akaike (AIC, pelo critério de informação Bayesiano de Schwar (BIC, pela função de verossimilhança (Ln L, pela visualização das estimativas de variâncias genéticas, de ambiente permanente, fenotípicas e residuais e pelas herdabilidades. O polinômio de Legendre de ordem quíntica, com quatro e três classes de variâncias residuais, e a função de Ali e Schaeffer, com quatro classes de variâncias residuais, foram indicados como os mais adequados pelo AIC, BIC e Ln L. Estes modelos diferiram na partição da variância fenotípica para as variâncias de ambiente permanente, genética e residual apenas no início e no final da lactação. Contudo, a função de Ali e Schaeffer resultou em estimativas negativas de correlação genética entre os controles mais distantes. O polinômio de Legendre de ordem quíntica, assumindo variância residual heterogênea, mostrou-se mais adequado para ajustar a produção de leite no dia do controle de cabras da raça Alpina.Data consisting of 9,374 test day milk yield records from 302 first lactations of Alpina goats were analyzed by random regression models using the Wilmink and Ali and Schaeffer functions and Legendre orthogonal polynomials of third and fifth orders. Models including animal additive genetic

Housing conditions as a social determinant of low birthweight and preterm low birthweight Condiciones de vivienda como determinante social de bajo peso al nacer y de prematuro de bajo peso al nacer Condições de moradia como determinante social de baixo peso ao nascer e prematuro de baixo peso

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Mario Vianna Vettore

2010-12-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between housing conditions and low birthweight and preterm low birthweight among low-income women. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted with post-partum women living in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Southeast Brazil, in 2003-2005. Two groups of cases, low birthweight (n=96 and preterm low birthweight infants (n=68, were compared against normal weight term controls (n=393. Housing conditions were categorized into three levels: adequate, inadequate, and highly inadequate. Covariates included sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics, risk behaviors, violence, anxiety, satisfaction during pregnancy, obstetric history and prenatal care. RESULTS: Poor housing conditions was independently associated with low birthweight (inadequate - OR 2.3 [1.1;4.6]; highly inadequate - OR 7.6 [2.1;27.6] and preterm low birthweight (inadequate - OR 2.2 [1.1;4.3]; highly inadequate - OR 7.6 [2.4;23.9] and factors associated with outcomes were inadequate prenatal care and previous preterm birth. Low income and low maternal body mass index remained associated with low birthweight. CONCLUSIONS: Poor housing conditions were associated with low birthweight and preterm low birthweight.OBJETIVO: Evaluar la relación entre condiciones de vivienda y bajo peso al nacer y prematuridad asociada al bajo peso al nacer en los hijos de mujeres de baja renta. MÉTODOS: Se realizó estudio caso-control con mujeres en el postparto residentes en el municipio de Rio de Janeiro, Sureste de Brasil, en 2003-2005. Dos grupos de casos fueron comparados con controles a término y con peso normal (n=393: bajo peso al nacer (n=96 y prematuridad asociada al bajo peso al nacer (n=68. Las condiciones de vivienda fueron consideradas en los niveles: adecuadas, inadecuadas y muy inadecuadas. Las covariables investigadas fueron características sociodemográficas, antropométricas, hábitos de riesgo, violencia, ansiedad, satisfacción con el embarazo

Diffusion-induced quadrupole relaxation of 27Al nuclei in dilute Al-Ti, Al-Cr, Al-Mn, and Al-Cu alloys at high temperatures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bottyan, L.; Beke, D.L.; Tompa, K.

1983-01-01

The temperature dependence of the laboratory frame spin-lattice relaxation time of 27 Al nuclei is measured in 5N Al and in dilute Al-Ti, Al-Cr, Al-Mn, and Al-Cu alloys at 5.7 and 9.7 MHz resonance frequencies. The relaxation in pure aluminium is found to be purely due to the conduction electrons. An excess T 1 -relaxation contribution is detected in all Al-3d alloys investigated above 670 K. The excess relaxation rate is proportional to the impurity content and the temperature dependence of the excess contribution is of Arrhenius-type with an activation energy of (1.3 +- 0.3) eV for all of the investigated alloys. The relaxation contribution is found to be quadrupolar in origin and is caused by the relative diffusional jumps of solute atoms and Al atoms relatively far from the impurity. (author)

Interfacial phenomena in the reactions of Al-B, Al-Ti-B, and Al-Zr-B alloys with KF-AlF3 and NaF-AlF3 melts

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, M.S.; Terry, B.S.; Grieveson, P.

1993-01-01

The interfacial phenomena occurring during the contacting of liquid Al-B, Al-Ti-B, and Al-Zr-B melts with KF-AlF 3 liquid fluxes have been investigated by optical examination of quenched metal drops previously immersed in the liquid fluxes. Reactions in the Al-B/KF-AlF 3 system involve the formation of metastable AlB 12 at the metal/flux interface. At high KBF 4 levels in the flux, the AlB 12 is dispersed in the flux and also at low KBF 4 levels in the metal. Reactions in the Al-Ti-B/KF-AlF 3 system involve the formation of TiB 2 , which may be dispersed in either the metal or the flux depending upon the composition of the flux. The results obtained for the Al-Ti-B/NaF-AlF 3 and Al-Zr-B/KF-AlF 3 systems were similar to those observed for the Al-Ti-B/KF-AlF 3 system

Produção e composição química do leite de cabras mestiças Moxotó sob suplementação com óleo de licuri ou de mamona Production and chemical composition of the milk from crossbred Moxotó goats supplemented with licuri or castor oil

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Rita de Cássia Ramos do Egypto Queiroga

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Avaliou-se o efeito da inclusão de óleos de licuri ou de mamona na dieta sobre a produção, a composição química do leite de cabras leiteiras e a viabilidade econômica dessas dietas. No delineamento experimental foram utilizadas cabras Mestiças Moxotó distribuídas em quadrado latino 5 × 5 com duas repetições, composto de cinco dietas: uma controle, sem lipídio suplementar, e as demais com 3% ou 5% de óleo de licuri ou de mamona. A suplementação com 5% de óleo de licuri reduziu a produção de leite, mas não influenciou a produção de leite corrigida para 4% de gordura. A adição de 3% de óleo de mamona reduziu o teor de gordura e de sólidos totais em comparação ao óleo de licuri, aumentando o teor de lactose. O teor de proteína do leite, no entanto, não foi alterado pela adição de óleo na dieta. Os indicadores econômicos apontaram a dieta controle como a mais rentável, no entanto, a suplementação com 3% de óleo de licuri, em comparação ao de mamona, pode ser interessante quando o leite se destina ao processamento, em virtude do maior teor de gordura.The effect was assessed of including licuri and castor oils in the diet on the production and chemical composition of milk from goats and the economic viability of the diets. Crossbred Moxotó goats in a 5 × 5 Latin square design were used with two replications consisting of five diets: a control treatment without supplementary oil (control, and the others with 3% or 5% licuri or castor oil. Milk production decreased with the inclusion of 5% licuri oil, but it did not influence the production of milk corrected to 4% fat. The addition of 3% castor oil reduced the fat content and total solids production compared to licuri oil, but it increased the lactose content. There was no significant difference in the protein content among treatments. The simple financial analyses showed that the control diet was more profitable, but supplementation with 3% licuri oil when

EFECTO DE LA EPOCA DEL PARTO Y DEL SISTEMA DE AMAMANTAMIENTO SOBRE LA EFICIENCIA REPRODUCTIVA DE VACAS DEL SISTEMA DOBLE PROPÓSITO

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*Roger Salgado

2003-12-01

Full Text Available Se evaluó el efecto de la época del parto y el sistema de amamantamiento en la eficiencia reproductiva postparto devacas manejadas bajo el sistema de doble propósito en una finca ubicada en el municipio de Chinú Departamento decórdoba. Se utilizaron 60 vacas multíparas homogéneas en el número de partos, producción de leche, manejo, sanidad,ambiente y alimentación. Se distribuyeron en cuatro tratamientos utilizando un diseño completamente al azar, con unarreglo factorial 2x2 con dos épocas (sequía y lluvia y dos sistemas de amamantamiento (tradicional y restringido con 15repeticiones por grupo experimental: T1 – Sequía x tradicional – T2 – sequía x restringido - T3 – Lluvia x tradicional – T4– Lluvia x restringido. La época no tuvo efecto (P>0.05 sobre la tasa de gestación (50% para la época seca vs 40% parala época de lluvia ni los días abiertos (132.13 + 65.35 vs 138.71 + 60.21 para la época de sequía y lluvia respectivamente.Se encontró un efecto del amamantamiento sobre la tasa de gestación y los días abiertos (P<0.05, siendo mayorpara el amamantamiento restringido (70% y 109.00 + 52.93 días comparado con el tradicional (20% y 161.87 + 60.14días. Por otra parte, se determinó un efecto en la frecuencia acumulada de días abiertos, hallándose los mejoresresultados en los tratamientos T2 y T4 (P<0.016. El estudio permitió concluir que el amamantamiento reduce elanestro postparto y mejora la eficiencia reproductiva en bovinos manejados bajo el sistema de doble propósito.

Synthesizing (ZrAl3 + AlN)/Mg-Al composites by a 'matrix exchange' method

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Gao, Tong; Li, Zengqiang; Hu, Kaiqi; Han, Mengxia; Liu, Xiangfa

2018-06-01

A method named 'matrix exchange' to synthesize ZrAl3 and AlN reinforced Mg-Al composite was developed in this paper. By inserting Al-10ZrN master alloy into Mg matrix and reheating the cooled ingot to 550 °C, Al and Mg atoms diffuse to the opposite side. As a result, liquid melt occurs once the interface areas reach to proper compositions. Then dissolved Al atoms react with ZrN, leading to the in-situ formation of ZrAl3 and AlN particles, while the Al matrix is finally replaced by Mg. This study provides a new insight for preparing Mg composites.

Coupled growth of Al-Al2Cu eutectics in Al-Cu-Ag alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hecht, U; Witusiewicz, V; Drevermann, A

2012-01-01

Coupled eutectic growth of Al and Al 2 Cu was investigated in univariant Al-Cu-Ag alloys during solidification with planar and cellular morphology. Experiments reveal the dynamic selection of small spacings, below the minimum undercooling spacing and show that distinct morphological features pertain to nearly isotropic or anisotropic Al-Al 2 Cu interfaces.

AL ITTIJAHAT AL MUNHARIFAH FI AT TAFSIR LI BADLI ASHAB AL MADZAHIB AL NAHWIYYAH WA BADL MAN YAJHALUNA QAWAID AL LUGHAH AL ARABIYYAH FI NADHAR MUHAMMAD HUSAIN AL DZAHABIY

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Misbakhudin Misbakhudin

2017-06-01

Full Text Available One of the most precious achievement in qur’anic studies was the book of Al-Ittijâhât al-Munharifah fî al-Tafsîr: Dawâfi’uha wa Daf’uha written by A great Islamic scholar, Muhammad Husein al-Dzahabî. He was succeeded in discussing several issues of corruptions of the exegesis of the holy Qur’an. This article is aimed to explain and to describe his analysis toward several corrupted linguist interpretations in their originations and such corrupted linguistic interpretations of the holy Qur’an which are ignoring Arabic structures and grammers

A mulher no pós-parto domiciliar: uma investigação sobre essa vivência La mujer en el posparto domiciliario: una investigación sobre esa vivencia The woman in the home postpartum: a research about this existence

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Lucia Helena Garcia Penna

2006-12-01

Full Text Available Investigamos a vivência do pós-parto domiciliar pela mulher a partir de sua percepção acerca dos sentimentos, mudanças e situações desse período. Numa abordagem qualitativa, entrevistamos oito puérperas, entre o 15º e o 30º dias de pós-parto, atendidas nas consulta de enfermagem de revisão puerperal numa Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS/SMS/RJ. A técnica utilizada na análise foi a de Análise de Conteúdo, na qual emergiu as seguintes categorias: Atendimento das expectativas, Situação das Relações Interpessoais, Situação da Relação Intrapessoal (sentimentos e sensações; relação com o corpo. Constatamos que as depoentes vivenciaram o pós-parto com satisfação, porém identificamos também uma desvalorização do ser mulher e do autocuidado em prol da atenção ao recém-nascido. Percebemos a importância da participação familiar no processo maternal e a realização de um acompanhamento pós-parto que aborde os reais sentimentos desse período, o resgate da autonomia sobre si mesmas e outros aspectos da subjetividade das puérperas.Investigamos la viviencia del post-parto domiciliario por la mujer desde su percepición sobre los sentimientos, cambios y situaciones de esto período. En un abordaje cualitativo, entrevistamos ocho puérperas, entre el 15° y el 30° día de post-parto, ayudadas en las consultas de enfermería de revisión puerperal en una Unidad Basica de Salud (UBS/SMS/RJ. La tecnica usada en el analisis fué la de Analisis de Contenido, en el cual emergió las seguientes categorías: Atendimiento de las Expectativas, Situaciones de las Relaciones Interpersonais, Situaciones de Relación Intrapersonal (sentimientos y sensaciones; relación con el cuerpo. Fué constatado que las deponentes vivieron el post-parto con satisfación, pero fué indentificado también una desvaloración del ser mujer y del autocuidado en prol de la atención al recién nacido. Percebimos la importáncia de la participación de

Using the same CIDR up to three times for estrus synchronization and artificial insemination in dairy goats = Uso do mesmo CIDR por até três vezes para sincronização do estro e inseminação artificial de cabras leiteiras

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Daniel Maia Nogueira

2011-07-01

Full Text Available The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of reusing a controlled internal drug release (CIDR device for up to three times in the reproductive performance of dairy goats raised in the semi-arid zone of northeastern Brazil. Forty-five goats were allocated into three hormone treatments, as follows: CIDR1x, treated with new CIDR during nine days. Two days prior to device removal, injections of 75 ƒÝg d-cloprostenol and 300 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG were administrated. For the other treatments, thesame hormone protocol was used, differing only by the use of the same CIDR for a second time in CIDR2x and for a third time in CIDR3x. The interval from device removal to the onset of estrus (13.3 „b 1.1h vs. 13.8 „b 2.6h vs. 13.3 „b 1.4h, as well as estrus duration (33.6 „b 7.3h vs. 29.6 „b 3.2h vs. 32.8 „b 4.5h, did not differ (p > 0.05 among groups CIDR1x, CIDR2x and CIDR3x, respectively. All synchronized females were found to be in estrus. The overall fertility and prolificacy after artificial insemination were 82.2% and 1.9 kids, respectively, without significant difference (p > 0.05 among treatments. The use of the same CIDR for up to three times waseffective using 9-day estrus synchronization protocols in dairy goats.Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da utilizacao do mesmo dispositivo de liberacao controlada de drogas (CIDR por ate tres vezes sobre odesempenho reprodutivo de cabras leiterias exploradas no semiarido do Nordeste Brasileiro. Foram utilizadas 45 cabras divididas em tres tratamentos de sincronizacao do estro, sendo: CIDR1x, tratadas com CIDR novo durante nove dias. Dois dias antes da retirada do dispositivo, foram aplicados 75 ƒÝg de d-cloprostenol e 300 UI de gonadotrofina corionica equina (eCG. Para os demais tratamentos, foi utilizado o mesmo protocolo hormonal, diferindo apenas pelo uso do mesmo CIDR pela segunda vez no grupo CIDR2x e uso pela terceira vez no grupo CIDR3x. O intervalo entre

Análise das metodologias diretas e indiretas para a contagem de células somáticas no leite de cabras hígidas Analysis of direct and indirect methods for somatic cell counts in the milk of healthy goats

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Karina Medici Madureira

2010-04-01

Full Text Available A particularidade da secreção láctea caprina, do tipo apócrina, diferente da secreção merócrina da vaca, leva a erros de interpretação durante a realização de técnicas de avaliação da celularidade do leite de fêmeas desta espécie. Portanto, o presente trabalho teve o objetivo de determinar a contagem de células somáticas pelo método indireto California Mastitis Test (CMT, e por métodos diretos, incluindo a contagem por citometria de fluxo e a contagem microscópica direta, através da coloração de verde de metil e pironina-Y, além de comparar os métodos de contagem celular. Foram analisadas 102 amostras de 51 fêmeas caprinas, das raças Saanen, Parda Alpina e Toggenburg, criadas no Estado de São Paulo. Os animais foram categorizados segundo a fase da lactação, exame físico da glândula mamária e exame do leite. As amostras foram colhidas, após a realização do exame Califórnia Mastitis Test, em duas alíquotas, uma destinada à contagem celular automática e a outra, a contagem microscópica direta, utilizando-se o corante verde de metil e pironina- Y. De acordo com os diferentes escores do CMT, observou- se 74,5% de amostras negativas, 8,8% de amostras com escore traços, 8,8% de amostras ligeiramente positivas (+, 6,8% de amostras fracamente positivas (++ e 0,9% de amostras fortemente positivas (+++. Os valores medianos das contagens de células somáticas presentes no leite de cabras, avaliadas através de contador automático e microscopia direta, e analisadas de acordo com os diferentes escores do CMT, foram, respectivamente, 181.000, 578.000, 628.000, 1.421.500 e 5.542.000 células/mL de leite e 74.991, 271.396, 71.420, 640.995 e 5.049.394 células/ mL de leite, nos escores negativo, traços, +, ++ e +++. Os valores medianos obtidos através da contagem de células somáticas pelo método automático e microscópico direto, de acordo com as fases de lactação foram de 159.500, 508.000 e 277.500 c

A comparative study of the fatty acid profiles in commercial sheep cheeses

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Aguilar, C.

2014-12-01

Full Text Available The present study was carried out to characterize the FA profile of sheep cheese marketed in Chile. Fifty-eight cheeses were collected from supermarkets of 5 different Chilean cities including 34 sheep cheeses, 7 from goat’s milk, 11 from cow’s milk, 4 from a mixture of sheep, goat and cow’s milk and 2 from a mixture of sheep and cow’s milk. Compared to the cow and goat cheese (3.4 and 2.5 g·100g−1, the sheep cheese (3.8 g·100g−1 contained higher contents of C18:1t. The saturated and polyunsatured FA contents were greater in goat cheese than in sheep and cow cheese. The n6/n3 ratio was greater in goat (6.1 cheese than in sheep and cow cheese (3.8 and 5.2. The atherogenicity index was unaffected by cheese type, however, the thrombogenic index was lower in sheep cheese (2.8 than in goat and cow cheese (3.1 and 2.9. The n6/n3 ratio and thrombogenic index were lower in Chilean sheep cheese than in those imported from Europe. The fatty acid profile of cheese can be used to differentiate animal species from which the cheese is made and to some extent the geographical origin that may give some insight as to animal feed and production management.Este estudio fue llevado a cabo para caracterizar el perfil de AG de quesos de oveja que se comercializan en Chile. Cincuenta y ocho quesos fueron recogidos de supermercados de 5 ciudades de Chile de los cuales 34 fueron de oveja, 7 de cabra, 11 de vaca, 4 de mezcla de leche de oveja, cabra y vaca y 2 de mezcla de leche de oveja y vaca. Comparado con quesos de vaca y cabra (3.4 y 2.5 g·100g−1, los quesos de oveja (3.8 g·100g−1 presentaron mayor contenido de C18:1t. Los AG saturados y poliinsaturados tuvieron concentraciones más altas en los quesos de cabra que en los quesos de oveja y vaca. La relación n6/n3 fue más alta en quesos de cabra (6.1 que en quesos de oveja y vaca (3.8 y 5.2. El índice aterogénico no fue afectado por el tipo de queso, sin embargo, el índice trombogénico fue

Familial ALS

Science.gov (United States)

Boylan, Kevin

2015-01-01

Synopsis Genes linked to ALS susceptibility are being identified at an increasing rate owing to advances in molecular genetic technology. Genetic mechanisms in ALS pathogenesis appear to exert major effects in ~10% of patients, but genetic factors at some level may be important components of disease risk in most ALS patients. Identification of gene variants associated with ALS has informed concepts of the pathogenesis of ALS, aided the identification of therapeutic targets, facilitated research to develop new ALS biomarkers, and supported the establishment of clinical diagnostic tests for ALS-linked genes. Translation of this knowledge to ALS therapy development is ongoing. PMID:26515623

Malamih al-Ashwat al-'Arabiyyah wa Makharijaha

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Amrah Muhammad Kasim

2015-12-01

Full Text Available This writing discusses on al-ashwat al-‘arabiyyah that is known with “phonetic” term. It talks and interprets makharij al-huruf or place for producing sounds and also processing production of sounds by parts of mouth in Arabic language. The problems of sounds and its systems in Arabic language have been conducted by the scholars of al-ashwat al-‘arabiyyah attractively, neatly, and detail and gotten ahead the phonetic western scholars. Part of their analysis results formulate the study about al-ashwat al-sakinah (al-Shamit is known with vocal and consonant sounds in research questions shawait – shawamit. Ibnu Jinni has formulated “harakat”(wowel in Arabic language and dimension of letter  mad and liyn on alif  letter - waw - ya’ (ا و ي, from these letters create  harakat fathah, dammah, and kasrah. Moreover, in this writing also exist the description of hija’i letters and its makhraj that are correct from parts of mouth and the unity of coordinative sounds that produce sounds in morphemes arrangement, in one word that produces meaning. The result of phonological study has divided al-ashwat to be kinds of sound like the pronounced sounds, produced sounds from mouth, and heard sound.

EVALUACIÓN PARTICIPATIVA DE TECNOLOGÍAS EN CAPRINOS EN EL SEMIÁRIDO DEL NORTE CENTRO DE MÉXICO

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Homero Salinas González

2011-01-01

Full Text Available La cabra se localiza en agroecosistemas frágiles. Con el propósito de evaluar el efecto de tecnologías aplicadas de manera participativa, en un marco de conservación de los recursos naturales sobre la productividad de pequeños rumiantes, se probaron seis tecnologías: 1 El pastoreo diferido rotacional (SPDR logró 60 % de cubierta vegetal y 35 % pastoreo continuo (PAC; 996.5 vs. 280.8 kg·ha-1 de materia seca (P<0.01 y composición botánica de 59 especies vs. 27 en SPRD y PAC, respectivamente; 2 De 200 presas filtrantes construidas, hubo retenciones hasta de 212 t de suelo sedimentado en presas de 25.5 m de ancho; 3 Resiembras con nopal Amarilla Olorosa tuvieron una supervivencia de 90.7 %; 4 La siembra de cebada logró rendimientos (MS similares al maíz con mayor proteína cruda; 5 La suplementación de cabras y cabritos (0-5 meses con bloques nutricionales, incrementó el PV (P<0.001 en cabritos de parto doble (71.9 g·día-1, respecto a cabritos dobles (46.5 g·día-1 y cabritos sencillos (40.7 g·día-1 no suplementados; 6 Quesos de leche caprina y bovina no difirieron (P<0.05 en atributos valorados, logrando la participación de mujeres. El enfoque de sistemas participativos permitió diseñar actividades apropiadas, incrementando la productividad y promoviendo la conservación de recursos naturales.

Perfil hematológico de cabras clinicamente sadias criadas no Cariri paraibano Profile hematological of goat clinical healthy servants in Cariri paraibano

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Leilson Rocha Bezerra

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se com este trabalho estudar o perfil hematológico de cabras sem raça definida, criadas na região do Cariri paraibano em regime semi-intensivo e mantidas sob as mesmas condições ambientais e de manejo, como também a busca de valores de referência que se adeqüem à nossa região. Foram coletadas amostras sanguíneas de 143 animais clinicamente sadios, com idades entre 1 e 12 anos. A partir de uma única amostra de sangue de cada animal foram realizados o eritrograma (contagem de hemácias, volume globular, hemoglobina, volume corpuscular médio, hemoglobina corpuscular média e concentração de hemoglobina corpuscular média e o leucograma (contagem total e diferencial de leucócitos. Os dados obtidos foram avaliados estatisticamente por meio do Teste de Tukey em nível de significância de 5%, comparando os resultados com valores encontrados por outros autores. Os resultados demonstraram que não foram evidenciadas diferenças significativas de resultados encontrados por outros autores para as variáveis avaliadas, porém houve diferenças para alguns parâmetros descritos na literatura para animais de mesma raça e faixas etárias, refletindo a influência de fatores como altitude,clima, nutrição e manejo entre outros. Desta forma, evidencia-se a necessidade de pesquisas para o estabelecimento de valores regionais.On aimed to study the profile hematological of female goats of the sem race defined, raised in the area of Cariri Paraibano at a semi-intensive regime and under the same environmental and management conditions and handling as well as the search for reference values that adequate to our region. Sanguine samples of 143 clinically healthy animals were collected with ages between 1 and 12 years. Starting from just a single sample of blood of each animal the eritrograma was accomplished (Red blood cell count, packed cell volume, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular values, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular

Efeitos da administração de vitamina E na infecção mamária e na contagem de células somáticas de cabras primíparas desafiadas experimentalmente com Staphylococcus aureus Effects of administration of vitamin E on mammary health and milk cell counts of first parturition goats experimentally challenged with Staphylococcus aureus

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P.R.O. Paes

2003-02-01

Full Text Available O trabalho teve por objetivo estudar os efeitos da administração de vitamina E sobre a contagem de células somáticas e a infecção da glândula mamária de cabras primíparas desafiadas com a inoculação intramamária de Staphylococcus aureus ao 10º dia pós-parto. Vinte e oito animais foram divididos em quatro grupos, cada um composto por sete cabras primíparas da raça Saanen, como segue: grupo-controle, grupo de animais suplementados com vitamina E, grupo de animais desafiados com S.aureus inoculados na glândula mamária e grupo de animais suplementados com vitamina E e desafiados com S.aureus na glândula mamária. Na segunda e terceira semanas de lactação, a inoculação de S.aureus na glândula mamária permitiu a recuperação do microrganismo no leite e elevou a contagem de células somáticas (CCS. A liberação de S.aureus no leite ocorreu de maneira intermitente. Em animais suplementados com vitamina E, o desafio com S.aureus resultou em CCS mais baixa e menor número de microrganismos no leite. Sugere-se que a CCS possa ser utilizada para a detecção da mastite caprina, devendo-se utilizar contagens superiores a 1,0x10(6células/ml de leite como critério para a realização de exames microbiológicos.The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of administration of vitamin E on mammary health and milk cell counts of first parturition Saanen goats, experimentally challenged with intramammary inoculation of Staphylococcus aureus on the 10th day postpartum. Twenty-eight animals were distributed into four groups: control group, a group supplemented with vitamin E, a group inoculated with S.aureus and a group supplemented with vitamin E and inoculated with S.aureus. The results demonstrated that, after inoculation of S.aureus into the mammary gland, the microorganism was recovered from the milk, and the somatic cell count was increased. The recovery of S.aureus from milk was intermittent. The increase in

Transient oxidation of Al-deposited Fe-Cr-Al alloy foil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Andoh, A.

1997-01-01

The oxide phases formed on an Al-deposited Fe-Cr-Al alloy foil and an Fe-Cr-Al alloy foil of the same levels of Al and (La+Ce) contents, and their oxidation kinetics have been studied in air at 1173 and 1373 K using TGA, XRD and SEM. Al deposition promotes the growth of metastable aluminas (θ-Al 2 O 3 , γ-Al 2 O 3 ). Scales consisting of θ-Al 2 O 3 and a small amount of α-Al 2 O 3 develop on the Al-deposited foil at 1173 K and exhibit the whisker-type morphology. In the early stage of oxidation at 1373 K, thick scales consisting of θ-Al 2 O 3 and α-Al 2 O 3 grow rapidly on the Al-deposited foil. The transformation from θ-Al 2 O 3 to α-Al 2 O 3 is very fast, and the scales result in only α-Al 2 O 3 . In contrast, α-Al 2 O 3 scales containing a minor amount of FeAl 2 O 4 develop on the alloy foil. The growth rate of α-Al 2 O 3 scales on the Al-deposited foil is smaller than that on the alloy foil and very close to that on NiAl at 1373 K. (orig.)

Consumo e digestibilidade dos nutrientes em cabras Moxotó recebendo dietas com diferentes níveis de feno de maniçoba Intake and digestibility of nutrients in Moxotó dairy goats fed diets with different Maniçoba hay levels

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Marcos Jácome de Araújo

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a utilização do feno de maniçoba (Manihot glaziovii Muell. Arg. em diferentes níveis (30, 40, 50 e 60% sobre os consumos e as digestibilidades de matéria seca (MS, matéria orgânica (MO, proteína bruta (PB, energia bruta (EB, extrato etéreo (EE, carboidratos totais (CT, carboidratos não-fibrosos (CNF, fibra em detergente neutro (FDN e fibra em detergente ácido (FDA e os consumos de água e nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT. Utilizaram-se oito cabras da raça Moxotó, multíparas, com aproximadamente 60 dias de lactação, pesando 44,26 ± 4,23 kg, em delineamento quadrado latino duplo 4 × 4, com quatro tratamentos, quatro períodos e quatro animais. Cada período teve duração de 15 dias (10 de adaptação dos animais às dietas e 5 para coleta de dados. Utilizou-se a fibra em detergente ácido indigestível (FDAi como indicador interno para estimativa da produção de matéria seca fecal. A utilização do feno de maniçoba nos níveis de 30, 40, 50 e 60% nas dietas para cabras em lactação não alterou os consumos de MS, MO, PB, EE, MM e CT. Os consumos de CNF, NDT e água diminuíram linearmente com o aumento no nível de feno de maniçoba nas dietas, enquanto os de FDN e FDA (kg/dia, %PC e g/kg0,75 aumentaram linearmente. A digestibilidade aparente de MS, MO, PB, EE, CT, CNF, EB e FDA reduziu linearmente, enquanto a da FDN não se alterou com o aumento dos níveis de feno na dieta.This research was conducted with the objective of evaluating the use of different Maniçoba hay (Manihot glaziovii Muell. Arg levels (30, 40, 50 and 60% on intake and apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM, organic matter (OM, crude protein (CP, gross energy (GE, ether extract (EE, total carbohydrates (TCHT, non fiber carbohydrates (NFC, neutral detergent fiber (NDF, acid detergent fiber (ADF, water intake (WI, besides total digestible nutrients intake (TDNI. Eight multiparous Moxotó dairy goats with initial

Proton irradiation studies on Al and Al5083 alloy

Science.gov (United States)

Bhattacharyya, P.; Gayathri, N.; Bhattacharya, M.; Gupta, A. Dutta; Sarkar, Apu; Dhar, S.; Mitra, M. K.; Mukherjee, P.

2017-10-01

The change in the microstructural parameters and microhardness values in 6.5 MeV proton irradiated pure Al and Al5083 alloy samples have been evaluated using different model based techniques of X-ray diffraction Line Profile Analysis (XRD) and microindendation techniques. The detailed line profile analysis of the XRD data showed that the domain size increases and saturates with irradiation dose both in the case of Al and Al5083 alloy. The corresponding microstrain values did not show any change with irradiation dose in the case of the pure Al but showed an increase at higher irradiation doses in the case of Al5083 alloy. The microindendation results showed that unirradiated Al5083 alloy has higher hardness value compared to that of unirradiated pure Al. The hardness increased marginally with irradiation dose in the case of Al5083, whereas for pure Al, there was no significant change with dose.

PEMBARUAN MASLAḤAH DALAM MAQĀṢID AL- SHARĪ‘AH: TELAAH HUMANISTIS TENTANG AL-KULLIYYĀT AL-KHAMSAH

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Zaenuddin Mansyur

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract:   In order to answer a variety of issues faced by human being in the current era, such as human rights abuses, social disintegration, and terrorism, the renewal of Islamic law in the level of theoretical and practical aspects is very urgent. This paper aims to examine one of the Islamic legal reform efforts, namely to build a more technical understanding of the concept of maṣlaḥah contained in the maqāṣīd sharī‘ah, called the al-kulliyat al-khamsah. Therefore, the concept of maṣlaḥah in ḥifẓ al-dīn is technically defined as al-ḥurriyah al-i‘tiqād (freedom of religion and schools; in ḥifẓ al-nafs as al-karamat al-insān (human being breeding; in ḥifẓ al-nasl as ḥifẓ al-usrah (wholeness and harmony of the family; in ḥifẓ al-māl as al-taḍammun al-insān (social solidarity , and in ḥifẓ al-‘aql as al-ḥuqūq as al-tarbiyāt (increasing human resources quality.Abstrak: Demi menjawab aneka persoalan zaman yang dihadapi manusia era sekarang, seperti penyelewengan terhadap HAM, disintegrasi sosial, dan terorisme, maka pembaharuan hukum Islam dalam tataran teoretis dan praktis urgen dilakukan. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji salah satu upaya pembaruan hukum Islam, yaitu membangun pemahaman yang lebih teknis terhadap konsep maṣlaḥah yang terkandung dalam maqāṣīd sharī‘ah, yang disebut dengan al-kulliyāt al-khamsah. Oleh karena itu, konsep maṣlaḥah dalam ḥifẓu al-dīn secara teknis dimaknai sebagai ḥurriyah al-i‘tiqād (kebebasan untuk beragama dan beraliran; dalam ḥifẓu al-nafs sebagai al-karāmāt al-insān (pemuliaan kemanusiaan; dalam ḥifẓu al-nasl sebagai ḥifẓu al-usrah (keutuhan dan keharmonisan keluarga; dalam ḥifẓu al-māl sebagai al-taḍammun al-insān (solidaritas sosial; dan dalam ḥifẓu al-‘aql sebagai al-ḥuqūq al-tarbiyāt (peningkatan sumber daya manusia.

Combustion synthesis of AlB2-Al2O3 composite powders with AlB2 nanowire structures

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Pan; Xiao, Guoqing; Ding, Donghai; Ren, Yun; Yang, Shoulei; Lv, Lihua; Hou, Xing

2018-05-01

Using of Al and B2O3 powders as starting materials, and Mg-Al alloy as additives, AlB2-Al2O3 composite powders with AlB2 nanowire structures were successfully fabricated via combustion synthesis method in Ar atmosphere at a pressure of 1.5 MPa. The effect of different amount of Mg-Al alloy on the phase compositions and morphology of the combustion products was investigated. The results revealed that AlB2 and Al2O3 increased, whereas Al decreased with the content of Mg-Al alloy increasing. The impurities MgAl2O4 and AlB12 would exist in the sample with adding of 18 wt% Mg-Al alloy. Interestingly, FESEM/TEM/EDS results showed that AlB2 nanowires were observed in the products when the content of Mg-Al alloy is 6 wt% and 12 wt%. The more AlB2 nanowires can be found as the content of Mg-Al alloy increased. And the yield of AlB2 nanowires with the diameter of about 200 nanometers (nm) and the length up to several tens of micrometers (μm) in the combustion product is highest when the content of Mg-Al alloy is 12 wt%. The vapor, such as Mg-Al (g), B2O2 (g), AlO (g) and Al2O (g), produced during the process of combustion synthesis, reacted with each other to yield AlB2 nanowires by vapor-solid (VS) mechanism and the corresponding model was also proposed.

The effects of boron in TiAl/Ti3Al

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Feng, C.R.; Michel, D.J.; Crowe, C.R.

1989-01-01

The authors discuss the TiAl/Ti 3 Al interfacial misfit dislocations structures investigated by TEM in Ti-45Al alloy and Ti-45Al/TiB 2 composite. For TiAl with c/a = 1.02, only a single set of misfit dislocation arrays are crystallographically possible; these were observed in Ti-45Al alloy. However, the observation of three sets of misfit dislocation arrays in the Ti-45Al/TiB 2 composite suggests that the occupation of octahedral sites in the TiAl structure by excess boron was responsible for a decrease in the c/a ratio leading to an increased fcc character of the TiAl at the TiAl/Ti 3 Al interface

In Situ Fabrication of AlN Coating by Reactive Plasma Spraying of Al/AlN Powder

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Mohammed Shahien

2011-10-01

Full Text Available Reactive plasma spraying is a promising technology for the in situ formation of aluminum nitride (AlN coatings. Recently, it became possible to fabricate cubic-AlN-(c-AlN based coatings through reactive plasma spraying of Al powder in an ambient atmosphere. However, it was difficult to fabricate a coating with high AlN content and suitable thickness due to the coalescence of the Al particles. In this study, the influence of using AlN additive (h-AlN to increase the AlN content of the coating and improve the reaction process was investigated. The simple mixing of Al and AlN powders was not suitable for fabricating AlN coatings through reactive plasma spraying. However, it was possible to prepare a homogenously mixed, agglomerated and dispersed Al/AlN mixture (which enabled in-flight interaction between the powder and the surrounding plasma by wet-mixing in a planetary mill. Increasing the AlN content in the mixture prevented coalescence and increased the nitride content gradually. Using 30 to 40 wt% AlN was sufficient to fabricate a thick (more than 200 µm AlN coating with high hardness (approximately 1000 Hv. The AlN additive prevented the coalescence of Al metal and enhanced post-deposition nitriding through N₂ plasma irradiation by allowing the nitriding species in the plasma to impinge on a larger Al surface area. Using AlN as a feedstock additive was found to be a suitable method for fabricating AlN coatings by reactive plasma spraying. Moreover, the fabricated coatings consist of hexagonal (h-AlN, c-AlN (rock-salt and zinc-blend phases and certain oxides: aluminum oxynitride (Al₅O₆N, cubic sphalerite Al₂₃O₂₇N₅ (ALON and Al₂O₃. The zinc-blend c-AlN and ALON phases were attributed to the transformation of the h-AlN feedstock during the reactive plasma spraying. Thus, the zinc-blend c-Al

Addition of water-soluble soy extract and probiotic culture, viscosity, water retention capacity and syneresis characteristics of goat milk yogurt Adição de extrato hidrossolúvel de soja e cultura probiótica e características de viscosidade, capacidade de retenção de água e de sinerese de iogurte produzido com leite de cabra

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Danielle Cristina Guimarães da Silva

2012-03-01

Full Text Available Yogurts from goat milk were elaborated and water-soluble soybean extract (WSSE and Bifidobacterium lactis probiotic culture added during processing. The characteristics of apparent viscosity, water retention capacity and syneresis were analyzed during 29 days of storage and it was verified the influence of WSSE and the probiotic on these rheological properties. The suplementation of WSSE provoked an increase in the viscosity and water retention capacity of the yogurts while reducing the syneresis. The inoculation of the probiotic culture during elaboration of the yogurts did not significantly alter the rheological characteristics of the products. Therefore, the water-soluble soybean extract and the probiotic culture can contribute to the rheological characteristics of yogurts, besides the nutritional and functional improvement advantages already known with the use of these products.Iogurtes a base de leite de cabra foram elaborados e a eles adicionados extrato hidrossolúvel de soja (EHS e de cultura probiótica Bifidobacterium lactis durante o processamento. As características de viscosidade aparente, capacidade de retenção de água e sinerese foram analisadas durante 29 dias de armazenamento e verificadas a influência do EHS e do probiótico nestas propriedades reológicas. A suplementação de EHS provocou aumento na viscosidade e capacidade de retenção de água dos iogurtes e, ao mesmo tempo, a sinerese foi reduzida. A inoculação da cultura probiótica durante elaboração dos iogurtes não alterou de forma significativa as características reológicas dos produtos. Portanto, a adição de extrato hidrossolúvel de soja e a cultura probiótica, pode contribuir para melhora nas características reológicas de iogurtes, além das vantagens na melhoria nutricional e funcional já conhecidas com a utilização destes produtos.

Instability of TiC and TiAl3 compounds in Al-10Mg and Al-5Cu alloys by addition of Al-Ti-C master alloy

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

无

2006-01-01

The performance of Al-Ti-C master alloy in refining Al-10Mg and A1-5Cu alloys was studied by using electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) analysis.The results indicate that there are obvious fading phenomena in both Al-10Mg and Al-5Cu alloys with the addition of Al-5Ti-0.4C refiner which contains TiC and TiAl3 compounds.Mg element has no influence on the stability of TiC and TiAl3, while TiC particles in Al-10Mg alloy react with Al to form Al4C3 particles, resulting in the refinement fading.However, TiC particles are relatively stable in Al-5Cu alloy, while TiAl3 phase reacts with Al2Cu to produce a new phase Ti(Al, Cu)2, which is responsible for the refinement fading in Al-5Cu alloy.These indicate that the refinement fading will not occur only when both the TiC particles and TiAl3 compound of Al-Ti-C refiner are stable in Al alloys.

PEMAHAMAN HADITS TARBAWI BURHAN AL ISLAM AL ZARNUJI DALAM KITAB TA’LIM AL MUTA’ALLIM

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Benny Afwadzi

2017-01-01

Full Text Available This paper explores the understanding of tarbawi (education hadith from one of the major influential clerics in the Islamic educational system, especially in pesantren. He is Burhan al Islam al Zarnuji with his landmark book Ta’lim al Muta’allim. The conclusion that can be drawn is that al Zarnuji has shades of sufistical view in understanding tarbawi hadith. This can be seen in his understanding of hadith on obligation to seek knowledge (thalab al ilmi faridhatun ‘ala kulli muslimin wa muslimatin, which is interpreted as ilm al hal, the science concerning the condition of the human religious or simplistically said as the religious sciences; and the hadith of intention of studying (innama al a’malu bi al niyyat with the intention for the sake of the hereafter and religion, not mundane. Such an understanding is not something taken for granted, but it can be reinterpreted and perfected in accordance with the spirit of the times of context.

Calculation of Gibbs energy of Zr-Al-Ni, Zr-Al-Cu, Al-Ni-Cu and Zr-Al-Ni-Cu liquid alloys based on quasiregular solution model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li, H.Q.; Yang, Y.S.; Tong, W.H.; Wang, Z.Y.

2007-01-01

With the effects of electronic structure and atomic size being introduced, the mixing enthalpy as well as the Gibbs energy of the ternary Zr-Al-Cu, Ni-Al-Cu, Zr-Ni-Al and quaternary Zr-Al-Ni-Cu systems are calculated based on quasiregular solution model. The computed results agree well with the experimental data. The sequence of Gibbs energies of different systems is: G Zr-Al-Ni-Cu Zr-Al-Ni Zr-Al-Cu Cu-Al-Ni . To Zr-Al-Cu, Ni-Al-Cu and Zr-Ni-Al, the lowest Gibbs energy locates in the composition range of X Zr 0.39-0.61, X Al = 0.38-0.61; X Ni = 0.39-0.61, X Al = 0.38-0.60 and X Zr = 0.32-0.67, X Al = 0.32-0.66, respectively. And to the Zr-Ni-Al-Cu system with 66.67% Zr, the lowest Gibbs energy is obtained in the region of X Al = 0.63-0.80, X Ni = 0.14-0.24

Bipolar characteristics of AlGaN/AlN/GaN/AlGaN double heterojunction structure with AlGaN as buffer layer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Peng, Enchao; Wang, Xiaoliang; Xiao, Hongling; Wang, Cuimei; Yin, Haibo; Chen, Hong; Feng, Chun; Jiang, Lijuan; Hou, Xun; Wang, Zhanguo

2013-01-01

Highlights: •2DEG and 2DHG coexist in the AlGaN/AlN/GaN/AlGaN DH-structure. •The sheet densities of 2DEG and 2DHG vary with buffer Al content and GaN thickness. •The conditions for the disappearance of 2DHG are discussed. •Increasing buffer Al content provides better electron confinement. •Dislocation scattering is reduced in the DH-structure. -- Abstract: This is a theoretical study of AlGaN/AlN/GaN/AlGaN double heterojunction (DH) structure with AlGaN as buffer layer. Our calculation shows that as the buffer Al content increases, though two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) sheet density decreases, the channel back-barrier caused by polarization-induced electric field in GaN provides better electron confinement. And under certain conditions the DH-structure shows bipolar characteristics, with an additional two-dimensional hole gas (2DHG) formed at GaN/AlGaN interface. The influence of the buffer Al content and GaN channel thickness on the 2DEG and 2DHG sheet densities are investigated, and the conditions for the disappearance of 2DHG are discussed. Also, the mobility inhibited by dislocation scattering is enhanced in DH-structure due to the enhancement of screening effect of the 2DEG

Desempenho e digestibilidade dos nutrientes de rações com casca do grão de soja em substituição ao milho para cabras Saanen em lactação e no pré-parto Performance and nutrients digestibility of rations with soybean hulls as a corn ground replacement for Saanen goats, in prepartum and lactation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maximiliane Alavarse Zambom

2008-07-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se com este experimento avaliar o desempenho produtivo, a digestibilidade da matéria seca e dos nutrientes e a composição do leite de cabras Saanen alimentadas com rações contendo casca do grão de soja (CGS em substituição ao milho (0, 50 ou 100%CGS no período da lactação até o pré-parto (30 dias. Foram utilizadas 18 cabras (75,70 ± 10,59 kg em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. As dietas apresentaram em média 14,82% PB e 2,28 Mcal de EM/kg MS ingerida. Os animais foram mantidos confinados em baias individuais com controle diário da ração ingerida e da produção de leite. No 150º dia de lactação, e também no 20º dia anterior à data prevista para o parto, iniciou-se a coleta de fezes para determinação da digestibilidade da ração e dos nutrientes. Mensalmente, foram coletadas amostras de leite para análise dos principais constituintes. Os níveis de CGS não influenciaram o peso corporal (PC, as ingestões de matéria seca (IMS e matéria orgânica (IMO, a digestibilidade de matéria seca (DMS, matéria orgânica (DMO e proteína bruta (DPB para produção de leite, a eficiência de produção de leite e a composição do leite no período de lactação. Também não afetaram o PC e as digestibilidades de MS e MO no período pré-parto. Os níveis de CGC influenciaram as ingestões de proteína bruta e fibra em detergente neutro e a digestibilidade da fibra em detergente neutro nos dois períodos avaliados. No período pré-parto, os maiores resultados para ingestão de MS e MO, digestibilidade da PB e nitrogênio uréico no plasma foram obtidos no nível de 100%CGS. A utilização de casca do grão de soja em substituição ao milho moído na alimentação de cabras Saanen em lactação não altera o desempenho produtivo e a composição do leite.This experiment was carried out to evaluate productive performance, dry matter and nutrient digestibility, and milk composition of Saanen goats fed rations

The code of light: al-ghazali and al-suhrawardi

OpenAIRE

Gediminaitė, Barbora

2017-01-01

The Code of Light: Al-Ghazali and Al-Suhrawardi The Bachelor’s thesis The Code of Light in Islam: al-Ghazali and al-Suhrawardi presents a comparative study of light. The study analyses the philosophical systems of al-Ghazali and al-Suhrawardi through the reconstruction of the image of light and its operation principles. The main subject of the thesis are the attributes of light. The main problem of the research is the semantics and contextuality of light in Islamic theology and philosophy. Th...

Pemikiran Filosofis Sadra Dalam Tafsir Al-Qur’an Al-Karim : Surah Al-’A‘la

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Kerwanto Kerwanto

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Abstrak : Dalam tafsir atas Surah al-’A‘lā, Mulla Sadra, melalui karyanya Tafsīr al Qur’ān al-Karīm, mengajak jiwa kita berpetualang menuju lapisan makna terdalam untuk mengenali realitas ketauhidan (al- mabdā’, kenabian (shirāth atau nubuwwah dan kebangkitan (ma‘ād dan mengulasnya secara filosofis. Penelitian ini merupakan suatu upaya untuk menggali manfaat dari aspek-aspek penting dari sumber-sumber keagamaan yang tergali dari petunjuk al Qur’an yang berpadu dengan prinsip- prinsip rasional filosofis dan pengalaman mistik (intuitif Sadra. Setiap bab pada tafsir ini diberikan judul dengan tasbīḥ (pernyataan pemujian dan pensucian, dengan tetap memaparkan beragam pokok persoalan terkait metafisika al-Qur’an. Prinsip-prinsip filosofis yang digunakan dalam risalah tafsir ini bisa menjadi salah satu bukti ketidakberjarakan antara filsafat dengan teks-teks keagamaan. Sadra menggunakan metode tafsir yang tetap menerima sisi lahiriah al-Qur’an, dan selanjutnya mencari misteri-misteri, rahasia-rahasia, dan dengan bantuan intelek (akal, intuisi dan iluminasi Tuhan untuk memperoleh realitas-realitas dan makna- makna dibalik selaput ekternalnya (aspek literalnyaKata kunci : Ḥikmah Muta’āliyah, irfan, al-mabdā’, kebangkitan setelah mati, nubuwwah, takwīl, gerak substansial (ḥarakah jawhariyyah, denotasi utama (al-maqshūd al-ashlī, penyempurnaan diri (takammul, tasbīḥ.  Abstract : In his commentary on Surah al-’ A‘lā, Mulla Sadra, through his Tafsīr al-Qur’ān al-Karīm invites our souls to ventureinto the deepest layers of meaning to recognize the reality of Divinity (al- mabdā’, prophethood (Ṣirāṭ or nubuwwah and resurrection (ma‘ād and discusses it in a more philosophical manner. This study is an attempt to explore the benefits of these important aspects of religious sources unearthed from Qur’anic injunctions combined with rational principles of philosophical and mystical experiences

A united refinement technology for commercial pure Al by Al-10Ti and Al-Ti-C master alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ma Xiaoguang; Liu Xiangfa; Ding Haimin

2009-01-01

Because flake-like TiAl 3 particles in Al-Ti-C master alloys prepared in a melt reaction method dissolve slowly when they are added into Al melt at 720 deg. C, Ti atoms cannot be released rapidly to play the assistant role of grain refinement, leading to a poor refinement efficiency of Al-Ti-C master alloys. A united refinement technology by Al-10Ti and Al-Ti-C master alloys was put forward in this paper. The rational combination of fine blocky TiAl 3 particles in Al-10Ti and TiC particles in Al-Ti-C can improve the nucleation rate of α-Al. It not only improves the grain refinement efficiency of Al-Ti-C master alloys, but also reduces the consumption

Liquidus projection of the Nb-Cr-Al system near the Al3(Nb,Cr) + Cr(Al,Nb) eutectic region

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Souza, S.A.; Ferrandini, P.L.; Nunes, C.A.; Coelho, A.A.; Caram, R.

2006-01-01

The system Nb-Cr-Al was investigated in the region near the Al 3 (Nb,Cr) + Cr(Al,Nb) eutectic and the liquidus projection of that region was determined based on the microstructural characterization of arc melted alloys. The characterization utilized scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results allowed one to determine three primary solidification liquidus surfaces ((Cr,Al) 2 Nb, Cr(Al,Nb) and Al 3 (Nb,Cr)), that are originated from the binary systems Cr-Nb, Cr-Al and Al-Nb. It is proposed the occurrence of the invariant reaction L + (Cr,Al) 2 Nb ↔ Al 3 (Nb,Cr) + Cr(Al,Nb) and of a point of minimum, which involves a three phase reaction, L ↔ Al 3 (Nb,Cr) + Cr(Al,Nb). All alloys studied showed formation of the Al 3 (Nb,Cr) + Cr(Al,Nb) eutectic as the last solidification step with Al(Nb)Cr 2 precipitating from Cr(Al,Nb)

A united refinement technology for commercial pure Al by Al-10Ti and Al-Ti-C master alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ma Xiaoguang [Key Laboratory of Liquid Structure and Heredity of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061 (China); Liu Xiangfa [Key Laboratory of Liquid Structure and Heredity of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061 (China)], E-mail: xfliu@sdu.edu.cn; Ding Haimin [Key Laboratory of Liquid Structure and Heredity of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061 (China)

2009-03-05

Because flake-like TiAl{sub 3} particles in Al-Ti-C master alloys prepared in a melt reaction method dissolve slowly when they are added into Al melt at 720 deg. C, Ti atoms cannot be released rapidly to play the assistant role of grain refinement, leading to a poor refinement efficiency of Al-Ti-C master alloys. A united refinement technology by Al-10Ti and Al-Ti-C master alloys was put forward in this paper. The rational combination of fine blocky TiAl{sub 3} particles in Al-10Ti and TiC particles in Al-Ti-C can improve the nucleation rate of {alpha}-Al. It not only improves the grain refinement efficiency of Al-Ti-C master alloys, but also reduces the consumption.

United modification of Al-24Si alloy by Al-P and Al-Ti-C master alloys

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

韩延峰; 刘相法; 王海梅; 王振卿; 边秀房; 张均艳

2003-01-01

The modification effect of a new type of Al-P master alloy on Al-24Si alloys was investigated. It is foundthat excellent modification effect can be obtained by the addition of this new type of A1-P master alloy into Al-24Simelt and the average primary Si grain size is decreased below 47 μm from original 225 μm. It is also found that theTiC particles in the melt coming from Al8Ti2C can improve the modification effect of the Al-P master alloy. Whenthe content of TiC particles in the Al-24Si melt is 0.03 %, the improvement reaches the maximum and keeps steadywith increasing content of TiC particles. Modification effect occurs at 50 min after the addition of the Al-P master al-loy and TiC particles, and keeps stable with prolonging holding time.

Nanoporous Al sandwich foils using size effect of Al layer thickness during Cu/Al/Cu laminate rolling

Science.gov (United States)

Yu, Hailiang; Lu, Cheng; Tieu, A. Kiet; Li, Huijun; Godbole, Ajit; Kong, Charlie

2018-06-01

The roll bonding technique is one of the most widely used methods to produce metal laminate sheets. Such sheets offer interesting research opportunities for both scientists and engineers. In this paper, we report on an experimental investigation of the 'thickness effect' during laminate rolling for the first time. Using a four-high multifunction rolling mill, Cu/Al/Cu laminate sheets were fabricated with a range of thicknesses (16, 40, 70 and 130 μm) of the Al layer. The thickness of the Cu sheets was a constant 300 μm. After rolling, TEM images show good bonding quality between the Cu and Al layers. However, there are many nanoscale pores in the Al layer. The fraction of nanoscale pores in the Al layer increases with a reduction in the Al layer thickness. The finite element method was used to simulate the Cu/Al/Cu rolling process. The simulation results reveal the effect of the Al layer thickness on the deformation characteristics of the Cu/Al/Cu laminate. Finally, we propose that the size effect of the Al layer thickness during Cu/Al/Cu laminate rolling may offer a method to fabricate 'nanoporous' Al sandwich laminate foils. Such foils can be used in electromagnetic shielding of electrical devices and noisy shielding of building.

Structural stability and electronic properties of AlCu3, AlCu2Zr in AlZr3: Stabilnost strukture in elektronske lastnosti AlCu3, AlCu2Zr in AlZr3:

OpenAIRE

Cheng, Rong; Wu, Xiao-Yu

2013-01-01

First-principles calculations were performed to study the alloying stability and electronic structure of the Al-based intermetallic compounds AlCusub3, AlCusub{2}Zr and AlZrsub3. The results show that the lattice parameters obtained after the full relaxation of the crystalline cells are consistent with the experimental data, and these intermetallics have a strong alloying ability and structural stability due to their negative formation energies and their cohesive energies. A further analysis ...

Aceitação sensorial e caracterização de frozen yogurt de leite de cabra com adição de cultura probiótica e prebiótico Sensorial acceptance and characterization of goat's milk frozen yogurt with addition of probiotic culture and prebiotic

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Larissa de Lima Alves

2009-12-01

Full Text Available O leite de cabra é recomendado para pessoas intolerantes ao leite de vaca e/ou portadoras de desordens gastrintestinais. frozen yogurt elaborado a partir de iogurte de leite de cabra foi acrescido de 1% de prebiótico (inulina, 0,25% de cultura starter (Streptococcus thermophilus e Lactobacillus bulgaricus e 0,25% de cultura probiótica (Bifidobacterium animalis e Lactobacillus acidophilus para verificar seu potencial probiótico (após sete e 120 dias de armazenamento, sua qualidade físico-química e sua aceitação sensorial. Durante a estocagem, houve redução de células viáveis da flora microbiana, principalmente dos probióticos. Ainda assim, o produto apresenta potencialidade probiótica pela soma de B. animalis e L. acidophilus atingir o mínimo desejável até o fim do armazenamento. Os valores de extrato seco total (26,6±0,2%, proteína (3,0±0,2, gordura (2,6±0,1%, pH (5,5±0,01 e ácido láctico (0,2±0,01% encontram-se semelhantes aos relatados em outros trabalhos para o mesmo produto. A avaliação sensorial foi realizada por 50 provadores não treinados em teste com escala hedônica de sete níveis e intenção de compra. O produto recebeu bons escores para aparência global, cor, aroma e sabor; já textura e sabor residual obtiveram menores índices de aceitação. Na intenção de compra, 61% dos avaliadores declararam que comprariam o produto, contra 39% que não comprariam. Nessas condições, demonstra-se a viabilidade de elaboração de frozen yogurt de leite caprino acrescido de pre- e probióticos.Goat's milk is recommended for people afflicted with cow milk intolerance and gastro-intestinal disorders. frozen yogurt was elaborated with 1% prebiotic (inulin, 0.25% starter culture (Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus and 0.25% probiotic culture (Bifidobacterium animalis and Lactobacillus acidophilus to verify probiotic potential (after 7 and 120 days of storage, physical-chemical quality and

/Cu-Al System

Science.gov (United States)

Kish, Orel; Froumin, Natalya; Aizenshtein, Michael; Frage, Nachum

2014-05-01

Wettability and interfacial interaction of the Ta2O5/Cu-Al system were studied. Pure Cu does not wet the Ta2O5 substrate, and improved spreading is achieved when relatively a high fraction of the active element (~40 at.% Al) was added. The Al2O3 and AlTaO4 phases were observed at the Ta2O5/Cu-Al interface. A thermodynamic evaluation allowed us to suggest that the lack of wetting bellow 40 at.% Al is due to the presence of a native oxide, which covers the drop. The conditions of the native oxide decomposition and the formation of the volatile Al2O suboxide strongly depend on the vacuum level during sessile drop experiments and the composition of the Cu-Al alloy. In our case, Al contents greater than 40% provides thermodynamic conditions for the formation of Al2O (as a result of Al reaction with Al2O3) and the drop spreading. It was suggested that the final contact angle in the Ta2O5/Cu-Al system (50°) is determined by Ta adsorption on the newly formed alumina interlayer.

Metodologi Kitab Ma‘alim al-Tanzil Karya Al-Bagawiy

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M. Rusydi Khalid

2017-12-01

This study aims to describe the metodology of Ma'a> lim al-tanzi>l book by al-Bagawi. The book is one of the books of exegesis written on the basis of hadith, which by the commentary scholars recognized avoided from heresy and weak hadith. The author of this book is Imam Abu Humaid Hussein bin Mas‘u>d al-Farra>’ Al-Bagawi al-Syafi‘i>, died in the year 510 H. This exegesis book combines the interpretation of the companions, tabi‘i>n, and tabi‘i> tabi‘i>n. Interpretation is broken down with easy, simple, and concise diction choices. The stoning of the interpretation of the salaf scholars without mentioning the sanad as already mentioned in the introduction to his book. This book was first printed in one edition with the exegesis book of Ibn Kas}i>r and al-kha>zin. This book interprets the Qur'an analytically from the beginning to the end of the surah by using the method of interpretation based on the hadith, namely by mentioning the arguments of the hadith sahih, the fatwa of the companions and the tabi‘i>n. The characteristic or purpose of this book is fiqh oriented, which tends to the Shafi‘i fiqh.   Abstrak Tulisan ini mendeskripsikan metode penafsiran dalam kitab Ma’a>lim al-tanzi>l karya al-bagawi. Kitab tafsir ini merupakan salah satu di antara kitab-kitab tafsir yang ditulis berdasarkan riwayat, yang oleh para ulama tafsir diakui terhindar dari bid’ah dan hadis dhaif (lemah. Penulis buku ini adalah Imam Abu Muhammad Husain bin Mas‘u>d al-Farra>‘ al-Bagawi al-Syafi‘i>, wafat pada tahun 510 H. Kitab ini adalah kitab pertengahan yang mengutip penafsiran para Sahabat, ta>bi‘i>n, dan tabi‘i ta>bi‘i>n. Penafsiran diuraikan dengan pilihan diksi yang mudah, sederhana, dan ringkas. Penukilan dari interpretasi ulama salaf tanpa menyebutkan sanad karena telah disebutkan dalam pendahuluan bukunya. Buku ini pertama kali dicetak dalam satu edisi dengan tafsir Ibn Kas\\i>r dan tafsir al-Kha>zin. Kitab ini menafsirkan al-Qur’an secara

ALS Association

Science.gov (United States)

... toward a world without ALS! Walk to Defeat ALS® Walk to Defeat ALS® draws people of all ... We need your help. I Will Advocate National ALS Registry The National ALS Registry is a congressionally ...

AlN nanoparticle-reinforced nanocrystalline Al matrix composites: Fabrication and mechanical properties

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu, Y.Q.; Cong, H.T.; Wang, W.; Sun, C.H.; Cheng, H.M.

2009-01-01

To improve the specific strength and stiffness of Al-based composites, AlN/Al nanoparticles were in-situ synthesized by arc plasma evaporation of Al in nitrogen atmosphere and consolidated by hot-pressing to fabricate AlN nanoparticle-reinforced nanocrystalline Al composites (0-39 vol.% AlN). Microstructure characterization shows that AlN nanoparticles homogeneously distribute in the matrix of Al nanocrystalline, which forms atomically bonded interfaces of AlN/Al. The hardness and the elastic modulus of the nanocomposite have been improved dramatically, up to 3.48 GPa and 142 GPa, respectively. Such improvement is believed to result from the grain refinement strengthening and the interface strengthening (load transfer) between the Al matrix and AlN nanoparticles

Comparison of one and two-neutron transfer near the Coulomb barrier for the 27Al(18O, 16O)29Al, 27Al(18O, 17O)28Al and 27Al(13C, 12C)28Al reactions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schiller, S.A.; Eck, J.S.

1975-01-01

Total reaction cross sections for the transfer reactions 27 Al( 18 O, 16 O) 29 Al, 27 Al( 18 O, 17 O) 28 Al and 27 Al( 13 C, 12 C) 28 Al are reported for center-of-mass energies between 13 and 20 MeV for 18 O projectiles and between 11 and 17.5 MeV for 13 C projectiles. The reaction products, 29 Al, and 28 Al, beta decay to 29 Si and 28 Si, respectively, and the subsequent γ decays of 29 Si and 28 Si were measured. Due to the relatively long beta decay half lives, data were taken in a beam-off mode, resulting in very clean spectra. Total cross sections were calculated and compared with a theoretical model for barrier penetration proposed by C.Y. Wong. Differences between 18 O induced one and two-neutron total transfer reaction cross sections are discussed. (orig.) [de

DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS OF UTERINE INFECTIONS IN DAIRY CATTLE CONSIDERACIONES DIAGNÓSTICAS Y TERAPÉUTICAS PARA INFECCIONES UTERINAS EN VACAS LECHERAS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Risco Carlos

2009-05-01

Full Text Available From an animal health-well being, welfare, and performance perspective, the postpartum period is comprised of an early window where acute health and cow survival is an issue with the development of septic metritis. Subsequently, sustained presence of endometritis is likely to be contributing to sub-fertility in lactating dairy cows with an overall herd pregnancy rate of approximately 16%. The challenge is to integrate on commercial dairies preventive medicine programs with reproductive management to improve herd fertility. Cows affected by periparturient disorders such as hypocalcemia, dystocia, and retained fetal membranes are more likely to contract uterine infections than cows that calve normally are. Thus, appropriate management of the transition period is critical in the prevention of uterine infections at the herd level. In addition, a postpartum program to monitor health to provide treatment to cows in the early stages of disease should be implemented.Desde el punto de vista del bienestar animal y de la perspectiva de productividad, el periodo postparto puede estar comprometido por una pequeña ventana durante el postparto temprano, en la cual la salud y supervivencia de las vacas es un problemática, debido a la presentación de metritis séptica. Esta se perpetuán subsecuentemente con la presentación de endometritis, la cual muy posiblemente contribuye con los patrones de sub-fertilidad en vacas lactantes, generando en general bajas tasas de preñez del 16 %. El reto es entonces integrar en las explotaciones comerciales un programa de medicina veterinaria preventiva con el manejo reproductivo, con el fin de mejorar la fertilidad del hato. Se ha descrito que las vacas que sufren problemas durante el periparto tales como hipocalcemia y retención de las membranas fetales son más susceptibles de contraer infecciones uterinas, comparadas con aquellas vacas que tienen un parto normal. Por ello un manejo apropiado del periodo de transici

Al-matrix composite materials reinforced by Al-Cu-Fe particles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bonneville, J; Laplanche, G; Joulain, A; Gauthier-Brunet, V; Dubois, S

2010-01-01

Al-matrix material composites were produced using hot isostatic pressing technique, starting with pure Al and icosahedral (i) Al-Cu-Fe powders. Depending on the processing temperature, the final reinforcement particles are either still of the initial i-phase or transformed into the tetragonal ω-Al0 0.70 Cu 0.20 Fe 0.10 crystalline phase. Compression tests performed in the temperature range 293K - 823K on the two types of composite, i.e. Al/i and Al/ω, indicate that the flow stress of both composites is strongly temperature dependent and exhibit distinct regimes with increasing temperature. Differences exist between the two composites, in particular in yield stress values. In the low temperature regime (T ≤ 570K), the yield stress of the Al/ω composite is nearly 75% higher than that of the Al/i composite, while for T > 570K both composites exhibit similar yield stress values. The results are interpreted in terms of load transfer contribution between the matrix and the reinforcement particles and elementary dislocation mechanisms in the Al matrix.

Piezo-tunnel effect in Al/Al2O3/Al junctions elaborated by atomic layer deposition

Science.gov (United States)

Rafael, R.; Puyoo, E.; Malhaire, C.

2017-11-01

In this work, the electrical transport in Al/Al2O3/Al junctions under mechanical stress is investigated in the perspective to use them as strain sensors. The metal/insulator/metal junctions are elaborated with a low temperature process (≤200 °C) fully compatible with CMOS back-end-of-line. The conduction mechanism in the structure is found to be Fowler-Nordheim tunneling, and efforts are made to extract the relevant physical parameters. Gauge factors up to -32.5 were found in the fabricated devices under tensile stress. Finally, theoretical mechanical considerations give strong evidence that strain sensitivity in Al/Al2O3/Al structures originates not only from geometrical deformations but also from the variation of interface barrier height and/or effective electronic mass in the tunneling oxide layer.

Generation and evolution of nanoscale AlP and Al{sub 13}Fe{sub 4} particles in Al-Fe-P system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Qiao, Huan; Gao, Tong; Zhu, Xiangzhen; Wu, Yuying; Qian, Zhao; Liu, Xiangfa, E-mail: xfliu@sdu.edu.cn

2015-02-15

Highlights: • Diffusion and gradual solid reactions between Al and Fe{sub x}P phases in Al-Fe-P alloy were investigated. • Nanoscale AlP clusters are in-situ generated and evolve during the whole process. • This novel Al-Fe-P alloy has an excellent low-temperature refining performance on hypereutectic Al-Si alloy. - Abstract: In this paper, the gradual solid reactions between Al and Fe{sub x}P phases in Al-Fe-P alloy were investigated. The results show that the whole reaction process undergoes four main stages: the diffusion of Al atom, the generation of (Al, Fe, P) intermediate compound, the precipitation of nano AlP and Al{sub 13}Fe{sub 4} clusters and their growth to submicron particles. The microstructure of Fe-P particles evolves from the “egg-type”, the “sponge-type” to the “sesame-cake” structure. AlP and Al{sub 13}Fe{sub 4} nano phases have in-situ generated and evolved during the whole process. The gradual reaction mechanism has been discussed. Furthermore, a novel Al-Fe-P alloy which contains (Al, Fe, P) intermediate compounds and nano AlP particles has been synthesized and its low-temperature refining performance on A390 alloy has also been investigated.

Padrão Nictemeral do pH Ruminal e Comportamento Alimentar de Cabras Leiteiras Alimentadas com Dietas Contendo Diferentes Relações Volumoso: Concentrado Nictemeral Pattern of Ruminal pH and Feeding Behavior of Dairy Goats Fed Diets with Different Roughage to Concentrate Ratio

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

André Luigi Gonçalves

2001-12-01

Full Text Available Os objetivos do presente estudo foram a caracterização do padrão nictemeral do pH ruminal e a avaliação do comportamento alimentar de cabras leiteiras alimentadas com dietas compostas por diferentes relações volumoso:concentrado. Foram utilizadas cinco cabras, com peso médio de 58 kg, não-lactantes, não-gestantes, fistuladas no rúmen, em cinco períodos experimentais. Cada animal foi observado em cada um dos cinco tratamentos, que consistiram das relações volumoso:concentrado de 100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 40:60 e 20:80, em um delineamento em quadrado latino 5×5. As dietas foram fornecidas a cada 6 horas, buscando amenizar a variação dos níveis de pH ruminal, durante o período de 24 horas, para todos os tratamentos. Após a adaptação dos animais às dietas experimentais, estes foram observados por um período de 48 horas, no qual foi mensurado o pH ruminal a cada hora, bem como em outro período de mesma duração, em que se observou o comportamento a cada 10 minutos. Foi constatado que o nível de concentrado crescente resultou em decréscimo sobre o pH, cujos valores decresceram mais drasticamente em níveis acima de 60%. Observou-se também o efeito de tratamento sobre tempo de alimentação, ruminação e ócio. O tempo de alimentação foi maior para as dietas contendo valores acima de 60% de volumoso. A dieta contendo 100% de volumoso apresentou maior tempo de ruminação e menor ócio, seguida das dietas contendo 80 e 60% de volumoso, enquanto aquelas contendo 40 e 20% apresentaram menor tempo de ruminação e maior ócio.The objectives of the present study were to characterize nictemeral pattern of ruminal pH and feed behavior of dairy goats fed diets presenting different ratios of roughage:concentrate. Five non pregnant non lactating goats, ruminally cannulated, and averaging 58 kg were used during the five experimental periods. A 5x5 Latin square was used to evaluate five treatments consisted of roughage to concentrate

Japanese version of the ALS-FTD-Questionnaire (ALS-FTD-Q-J).

Science.gov (United States)

Watanabe, Yasuhiro; Beeldman, Emma; Raaphorst, Joost; Izumi, Yuishin; Yoshino, Hiide; Masuda, Michihito; Atsuta, Naoki; Ito, Satoru; Adachi, Tadashi; Adachi, Yoshiki; Yokota, Osamu; Oda, Masaya; Hanashima, Ritsuko; Ogino, Mieko; Ichikawa, Hiroo; Hasegawa, Kazuko; Kimura, Hideki; Shimizu, Toshio; Aiba, Ikuko; Yabe, Hayato; Kanba, Makoto; Kusumi, Kimiyoshi; Aoki, Tetsuya; Hiroe, Yu; Watanabe, Hirohisa; Nishiyama, Kazutoshi; Nomoto, Masahiro; Sobue, Gen; Nakashima, Kenji

2016-08-15

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) share common clinical, genetic and neuropathological features. Some ALS patients have behavioral/personality changes, which could result in significant obstacles in the care provided by family members and caregivers. An easy screening tool would contribute greatly to the evaluation of these symptoms. We translated the ALS-FTD-Questionnaire, developed in the Netherlands, into Japanese (ALS-FTD-Q-J) and examined the clinimetric properties (internal consistency, construct and clinical validity). Patients with ALS and/or behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD) were evaluated alongside healthy controls in this multicenter study. All ALS patients, regardless of bvFTD status, were further evaluated by the frontal behavioral inventory (FBI) and for frontal/executive function, cognition, anxiety/depression, and motor functions. Data from 146 subjects were analyzed: ALS (92), ALS-bvFTD (6), bvFTD (16), and healthy controls (32). The internal consistency of the ALS-FTD-Q-J was good (Cronbach α=0.92). The ALS-FTD-Q-J showed construct validity as it exhibited a high correlation with the FBI (r=0.79). However, correlations were moderate with anxiety/depression and low with cognitive scales, in contrast to the original report, i.e. a moderate correlation with cognition and a low correlation with anxiety/depression. The ALS-FTD-Q-J discriminated ALS patients from (ALS-)bvFTD patients and controls. Thus, the ALS-FTD-Q-J is useful for evaluating Japanese ALS/FTD patients. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Radiation detection with Nb/Al-AlOx/Al/Nb superconducting tunnel junctions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Matsumura, Atsuki; Takahashi, Toru; Kurakado, Masahiko

1992-01-01

Superconductor radiation detectors have the possibility of 20-30 times better energy resolution than that of a high resolution Si detector. We fabricated Nb/Al-AlOx/Al/Nb superconducting tunnel junctions with low leakage current. X rays were detected with large area junctions of 178x178 μm 2 . High energy resolution of 160 eV for 5.9 keV was obtained. We also fabricated series connected junctions which covers a rather large area of 4x4 mm 2 . α particles injected into the rear substrate were detected using nonthermal phonons induced by the radiations in the substrate. (author)

Tromboflebitis extensa como causa de fiebre insidiosa puerperal

OpenAIRE

Charco Roca, Luisa María; Bonmatí García, Lorena; Rubio Postigo, Gem

2015-01-01

Los eventos tromboembólicos son factores contribuyentes esenciales de morbilidad y mortalidad materna. La enfermedad tromboembólica complicada en el periodo puerperal a menudo se presenta con fiebre de causa desconocida y un dolor abdominal que puede confundirse con síntomas del postparto (1). El diagnostico de estos procesos deben hacerse por tomografía axial computerizada (TAC) (1,2). La terapia antiinflamatoria, antibiótica y anticoagulante oportuna y eficaz puede mejorar significativament...

ALS-Plus Syndrome: Non-Pyramidal Features in a Large ALS Cohort

Science.gov (United States)

McCluskey, Leo; Vandriel, Shannon; Elman, Lauren; Van Deerlin, Vivianna M.; Powers, John; Boller, Ashley; Wood, Elisabeth McCarty; Woo, John; McMillan, Corey T.; Rascovsky, Katya; Grossman, Murray

2014-01-01

Objective Autopsy studies show widespread pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but clinical surveys of multisystem disease in ALS are rare. We investigated ALS-Plus syndrome, an understudied group of patients with clinical features extending beyond pyramidal and neuromuscular systems with or without cognitive/behavioral deficits. Methods In a large, consecutively-ascertained cohort of 550 patients with ALS, we documented atypical clinical manifestations. Genetic screening for C9orf72 hexanucleotide expansions was performed in 343 patients, and SOD1, TARDBP, and VCP were tested in the subgroup of patients with a family history of ALS. Gray matter and white matter imaging was available in a subgroup of 30 patients. Results Seventy-five (13.6%) patients were identified with ALS-Plus syndrome. We found disorders of ocular motility, cerebellar, extrapyramidal and autonomic functioning. Relative to those without ALS-Plus, cognitive impairment (8.0% vs 2.9%, p=0.029), bulbar-onset (49.3% vs 23.2%, pALS-Plus. Survival was significantly shorter in ALS-Plus (29.66 months vs 42.50 months, p=0.02), regardless of bulbar-onset or mutation status. Imaging revealed significantly greater cerebellar and cerebral disease in ALS-Plus compared to those without ALS-Plus. Conclusions ALS-Plus syndrome is not uncommon, and the presence of these atypical features is consistent with neuropathological observations that ALS is a multisystem disorder. ALS-Plus syndrome is associated with increased risk for poor survival and the presence of a pathogenic mutation. PMID:25086858

Tailoring ultrafine grained and dispersion-strengthened Ti 2 AlC/TiAl ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

In situ Ti 2 AlC/TiAl composite was fabricated by hot-pressing method via the reaction system of Ti 3 AlC 2 and Ti-Al pre-alloyed powders at low temperature of 1150 ∘ C. The composite mainly consisted of TiAl, Ti 3 Al and Ti 2 AlC phases. Fine Ti 2 AlC particles were homogeneously distributed and dispersed in the matrix.

Assessing behavioural changes in ALS: cross-validation of ALS-specific measures.

Science.gov (United States)

Pinto-Grau, Marta; Costello, Emmet; O'Connor, Sarah; Elamin, Marwa; Burke, Tom; Heverin, Mark; Pender, Niall; Hardiman, Orla

2017-07-01

The Beaumont Behavioural Inventory (BBI) is a behavioural proxy report for the assessment of behavioural changes in ALS. This tool has been validated against the FrSBe, a non-ALS-specific behavioural assessment, and further comparison of the BBI against a disease-specific tool was considered. This study cross-validates the BBI against the ALS-FTD-Q. Sixty ALS patients, 8% also meeting criteria for FTD, were recruited. All patients were evaluated using the BBI and the ALS-FTD-Q, completed by a carer. Correlational analysis was performed to assess construct validity. Precision, sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy of the BBI when compared to the ALS-FTD-Q, were obtained. The mean score of the whole sample on the BBI was 11.45 ± 13.06. ALS-FTD patients scored significantly higher than non-demented ALS patients (31.6 ± 14.64, 9.62 ± 11.38; p ALS-FTD-Q was observed (r = 0.807, p ALS-FTD-Q. Good construct validity has been further confirmed when the BBI is compared to an ALS-specific tool. Furthermore, the BBI is a more comprehensive behavioural assessment for ALS, as it measures the whole behavioural spectrum in this condition.

Plastic deformation of Al13Fe4 particles in Al-Al13Fe4 by high-speed compression

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yoneyama, N.; Mizoguchi, K.; Kumai, S.; Sato, A.; Kiritani, M.

2003-01-01

Spray-formed Al-Fe alloys having undergone high-speed deformation were examined under a high-voltage electron microscope. Two types of specimens were examined; one containing fine Al 13 Fe 4 particles, and the other containing large particles. In the former specimen, deformation is found to proceed in three patterns, depending on specimen thickness and strain rate: (1) without deformation of the Al 13 Fe 4 ; (2) breaking of the Al 13 Fe 4 ; or (3) melting of the Al 13 Fe 4 . Local melting is found to alter some of the Al 13 Fe 4 particles, to impart five-fold symmetry in diffraction or an amorphous structure. In the latter specimen, introduction of glide dislocations enabled us to determine a shear system in the mc102 monoclinic c2/m crystal of Al 13 Fe 4 . On the bases of these observations, the mechanism of high-speed deformation is discussed while taking into account the highly stressed and/or heated states of Al 13 Fe 4 embedded in Al matrix

Synthesis and characterization of pillared bentonite with Al, AL/Fe and impregnated with Pd; Sintese e caracterizacao de bentonitas pilarizadas com Al, AL/Fe e impregnadas com Pd

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Silva, Marcus Vinicius Costa; Pizarro, Alejandro Herrero; Molina, Carmen Belen, E-mail: marcus.ufpa@yahoo.com.br [Universidade Federal do Para (UFPA), Belem, PA (Brazil). Instituto de Tecnologia. Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica; Seccion de Ingenieria Quimica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autonoma de Madri (Spain)

2017-10-01

In this work, a north american bentonite was pillared with Al and Al/Fe, creating the Al-PILC and Al-Fe-PILC, respectively. Then the Pd was impregnated in the materials, generating Pd-Al-PILC and Pd-Al-Fe-PILC, respectively. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetric and N{sub 2} adsorption at 77 K to determine the specific surface area by BET method (Brunauer - Emmett - Teller). There was an increase in the basal spacing of bentonite from 12.4Å in the original sample to 17.81Å in the Al-Fe-PILC, 17.20Å in Pd-Al-PILC and 17.05Å in the Pd-Al-Fe-PILC. The specific surface area increased from 19.05m{sup 2}/g in the original sample to 173.49m{sup 2}/g in Al-Fe-PILC, 101.31m{sup 2}/g to Pd-Al-PILC and 92m{sup 2}/g in Pd-Al-Fe-PILC. The pillaring process was successful and the synthesized materials have great potential for use as catalysts. (author)

Electrodeposition of Al from a 1-butylpyrrolidine-AlCl3 ionic liquid

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Giridhar Pulletikurthi

2015-12-01

Full Text Available The addition of 1-butylpyrrolidine to AlCl3 results in the formation of an electrolyte that is suited to Al deposition. The feasibility of electrodepositing Al from the synthesized electrolyte was investigated. Several compositions of AlCl3 and 1-butylpyrrolidine were prepared for this purpose. These mixtures show a different phase behavior at various compositions of AlCl3 and 1-butylpyrrolidine. IR, Raman and NMR spectroscopy were employed to characterize the synthesized liquids. Among the prepared compositions, 1:1.2 mol ratio of 1-butylpyrrolidine:AlCl3 and the upper phase of 1:1.3 mol ratio of 1-butylpyrrolidine:AlCl3 were found to be suitable for Al electrodeposition at room temperature (RT. Uniform and thick (~µm thick layers of Al were obtained on copper at RT. Al deposition occured from the cationic species of AlCl3−xLy+ (where x≤2, y=1–2, and L=1-butylpyrrolidine in this electrolyte. This behavior is contrary to the well investigated classic AlCl3 based ionic liquids, where the deposition of Al occurs mainly from anionic Al2Cl7− ions.

Orientation of Al3Ti platelets in Al-Al3Ti functionally graded material manufactured by centrifugal method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Watanabe, Y.; Fukui, Y.

1997-01-01

Al-Al 3 Ti functionally graded materials (FGMs) were manufactured by the centrifugal method with a commercial ingot of Al-5 mass% Ti master alloy. The alloy was melted at a liquid/solid coexisting temperature, at which Al 3 Ti remains as a solid, and then it was cast into a thick-walled ring. It was found that the Al-Al 3 Ti functionally graded material can be successfully fabricated by the centrifugal method. It was also found that the volume fraction of the Al 3 Ti can be increased by repetition of the centrifugal method. Since the shape of Al 3 Ti particles in a commercial alloy ingot is that of a platelet, the Al 3 Ti particles are arranged with their platelet planes nearly perpendicular to the radial direction. The orientation effects become stronger when the G number becomes larger. Although the final centrifugal casting was conducted under a very large centrifugal force for the specimen cast three times, the orientation effects were weaker than those in the specimen cast one time. From these observations, it is concluded that the origin of orientation of Al 3 Ti platelets can be attributed to the angular velocity gradient of the melt along the radial direction produced by the difference in the viscosity. (orig.)

In situ synthesis of Ti{sub 2}AlC–Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/TiAl composite by vacuum sintering mechanically alloyed TiAl powder coated with CNTs

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wang, Jian [Department of Materials Science and Engineering of Tianjin University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin 300072 (China); Zhao, Naiqin, E-mail: nqzhao@tju.edu.cn [State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin (China); Department of Materials Science and Engineering of Tianjin University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin 300072 (China); Nash, Philip [Thermal Processing Technology Center, Illinois Institute of Technology, IL (United States); Liu, Enzuo; He, Chunnian; Shi, Chunsheng; Li, Jiajun [Department of Materials Science and Engineering of Tianjin University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin 300072 (China)

2013-11-25

Highlights: •Using zwitterionic surfactant to enhance the dispersion of the CNTs on the powder surface. •CNTs as carbon source decreased the formation temperature of Ti{sub 2}AlC. •Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} was generated in situ from the oxygen atoms introduced in the drying procedure. •Nanosized Ti{sub 3}Al was precipitated at 1250 °C and distribute in the TiAl matrix homogeneously. •Ti{sub 2}AlC–Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/TiAl composite was synthesized in situ by sintering pre-alloy Ti–Al coated with CNTs. -- Abstract: Bulk Ti{sub 2}AlC–Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/TiAl composites were in situ synthesized by vacuum sintering mechanically alloyed Ti–50 at.% Al powders coated with carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The pre-alloyed Ti–50 at.% Al powder was obtained by ball milling Ti and Al powders. The multi-walled carbon nanotubes as the carbon resource were covered on the surface of the pre-alloyed powders by immersing them into a water solution containing the CNTs. A zwitterionic surfactant was used to enhance the dispersion of the CNTs on the powder surface. The samples were cold pressed and sintered in vacuum at temperatures from 950 to 1250 °C, respectively. The results show that the reaction of forming Ti{sub 2}AlC can be achieved below 950 °C, which is 150 °C lower than in the Ti–Al–TiC system and 250 °C lower than for the Ti–Al–C system due to the addition of CNTs. Additionally, the reinforcement of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} particles was introduced in situ in Ti{sub 2}AlC/TiAl by the drying process and subsequent sintering of the composite powders. Dense Ti{sub 2}AlC–Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/TiAl composites were obtained by sintering at 1250 °C and exhibited a homogeneous distribution of Ti{sub 2}AlC, Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} and precipitated Ti{sub 3}Al particles and a resulting high hardness.

27Al NMR studies of NpPd5Al2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chudo, H.; Sakai, H.; Tokunaga, Y.; Kambe, S.; Aoki, D.; Homma, Y.; Shiokawa, Y.; Haga, Y.; Ikeda, S.; Matsuda, T.D.; Onuki, Y.; Yasuoka, H.

2009-01-01

We present 27 Al NMR studies for a single crystal of the Np-based superconductor NpPd 5 Al 2 (T c =4.9K). We have observed a five-line 27 Al NMR spectrum with a center line and four satellite lines separated by first-order nuclear quadrupole splittings. The Knight shift clearly drops below T c . The temperature dependence of the 27 Al nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate shows no coherence peak below T c , indicating that NpPd 5 Al 2 is an unconventional superconductor with an anisotropic gap. The analysis of the present NMR data provides evidence for strong-coupling d-wave superconductivity in NpPd 5 Al 2 .

Magnetic tunnel junctions with AlN and AlNxOy barriers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schwickert, M. M.; Childress, J. R.; Fontana, R. E.; Kellock, A. J.; Rice, P. M.; Ho, M. K.; Thompson, T. J.; Gurney, B. A.

2001-01-01

Nonoxide tunnel barriers such as AlN are of interest for magnetic tunnel junctions to avoid the oxidation of the magnetic electrodes. We have investigated the fabrication and properties of thin AlN-based barriers for use in low resistance magnetic tunnel junctions. Electronic, magnetic and structural data of tunnel valves of the form Ta (100 Aa)/PtMn (300 Aa)/CoFe 20 (20 Aa - 25 Aa)/barrier/CoFe 20 (10 - 20 Aa)/NiFe 16 (35 - 40 Aa)/Ta (100 Aa) are presented, where the barrier consists of AlN, AlN x O y or AlN/AlO x with total thicknesses between 8 and 15 Aa. The tunnel junctions were sputter deposited and then lithographically patterned down to 2 x 2μm 2 devices. AlN was deposited by reactive sputtering from an Al target with 20% - 35% N 2 in the Ar sputter gas at room temperature, resulting in stoichiometric growth of AlN x (x=0.50±0.05), as determined by RBS. TEM analysis shows that the as-deposited AlN barrier is crystalline. For AlN barriers and AlN followed by natural O 2 oxidation, we obtain tunnel magnetoresistance >10% with specific junction resistance R j down to 60Ωμm 2 . [copyright] 2001 American Institute of Physics

A study of the Al-rich part of the Al-Re alloy system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Balanetskyy, S.; Grushko, B.

2008-01-01

The Al-rich part of the Al-Re phase diagram was reinvestigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction and differential thermal analysis. The earlier reported Al 12 Re, Al 6 Re, and Al 11 Re 4 phases were confirmed. Close to the Al 4 Re composition a high-temperature h-Al 4 Re and a low-temperature l-Al 4 Re phase were found to be formed at slightly different compositions. Both exhibited compositional ranges. A new phase was revealed close to the Al 3 Re composition. The Al 11 Re 4 phase is formed congruently at 1650 deg. C, Al 3 Re peritectically at 1610 deg. C, h-Al 4 Re peritectically at 1410 deg. C, l-Al 4 Re peritectically at ∼1000 deg. C, Al 6 Re peritectically at 813 deg. C and Al 12 Re peritectically at 746 deg. C. Finally, the Al 12 Re-(Al) eutectic is formed at 658 deg. C. The Al 3 Re and h-Al 4 Re are decomposed by eutectoid reactions at ∼946 and 833 deg., respectively. The structure of the h-Al 4 Re phase has not yet been clarified, but it is distinctly different from the Al 4 W phase suggested earlier. The structure of l-Al 4 Re was confirmed. The Al 3 Re phase was found to have a monoclinic structure with a = 0.5180(4) nm, b = 3.97641(9) nm, c = 0.4955(3) nm and β = 99.55(7) o

Abu al-Layth al-Libi

Science.gov (United States)

2015-02-01

success. As an Arab participant acknowledged very early on, “the situation was really harsh. All the brothers were tired,” as they lacked food and... glorious battles that occurred during the early Islamic period.133 He stressed the importance of the battlefield as the path to achieve honor and dignity...diaspora in Waziristan. In the words of Walid Othmani, a French jihadi trained by al-Qa`ida in Waziristan in 2008, “[Al-Libi] was someone well-known and

SAP-like ultrafine-grained Al composites dispersion strengthened with nanometric AlN

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Balog, M.; Krizik, P.; Yan, M.; Simancik, F.; Schaffer, G.B.; Qian, M.

2013-01-01

This paper reports the development of novel Sinter-Aluminum-Pulver (SAP)-like Al–AlN nanocomposites via replacing the native Al 2 O 3 thin films on fine Al powder with a large volume fraction of in situ formed nanometric AlN dispersoids. Fine gas-atomized Al powder (d 50 =1.3 µm) compacts were first partially nitrided at 590 °C in flowing nitrogen, controlled by a small addition of Sn (0.3–0.4 wt%), and subsequently consolidated by hot direct extrusion. The resulting Al–AlN composites consisted of submicrometric Al grains reinforced with nanometric AlN dispersoids together with some nanometric Al 2 O 3 dispersoids. An Al–13 vol% AlN nanocomposite fabricated this way achieved exceptional ultimate tensile strength of 227 MPa, yield strength of 195 MPa and Young's modulus of 66 GPa at 300 °C, superior to typical SAP materials and coarse grained Al–AlN composites. In addition, the Al–13 vol% AlN nanocomposite exhibited good thermal stability up to 500 °C. The strengthening mechanism is discussed

Analisis Kecenderungan Manhaj Akidah Shaykh Shams al-Din al-Sumatera’i

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MOHD HAIDHAR KAMARZAMAN

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Shaykh Shams al-Din al-Sumatera'i is a very great and respected scholar during 16th and 17th century of Acheh. His knowledge in various fields recognized by local and international scholars. He had been a Qadi Malik al-’Adil, a religious leader, who became a referred by communities and country during the reign of the three Sultans of Aceh. He has authored nearly 40 pieces of books related to the theology and sufism. This study focuses on the methods used by Shaykh Shams al-Din al-Sumatera'i in his theological writings. This study found that Shaykh Shams al-Din al-Sumatera'i had used six methods in the such writings.

Ultrasonic spot welding of Al/Mg/Al tri-layered clad sheets

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Macwan, A.; Patel, V.K.; Jiang, X.Q.; Li, C.; Bhole, S.D.; Chen, D.L.

2014-01-01

Highlights: • The optimal welding condition is achieved at 100 J and 0.1 s. • Failure load first increases and then decreases with increasing welding energy. • The highest failure load after welding is close to that of the clad sheets. • At low energy levels failure occurs in the mode of interfacial failure. • At high energy levels failure takes place at the edge of nugget region. - Abstract: Solid-state ultrasonic spot welding (USW) was used to join Al/Mg/Al tri-layered clad sheets, aiming at exploring weldability and identifying failure mode in relation to the welding energy. It was observed that the application of a low welding energy of 100 J was able to achieve the optimal welding condition during USW at a very short welding time of 0.1 s for the tri-layered clad sheets. The optimal lap shear failure load obtained was equivalent to that of the as-received Al/Mg/Al tri-layered clad sheets. With increasing welding energy, the lap shear failure load initially increased and then decreased after reaching a maximum value. At a welding energy of 25 J, failure occurred in the mode of interfacial failure along the center Al/Al weld interface due to insufficient bonding. At a welding energy of 50 J, 75 J and 100 J, failure was also characterized by the interfacial failure mode, but it occurred along the Al/Mg clad interface rather than the center Al/Al weld interface, suggesting stronger bonding of the Al/Al weld interface than that of the Al/Mg clad interface. The overall weld strength of the Al/Mg/Al tri-layered clad sheets was thus governed by the Al/Mg clad interface strength. At a welding energy of 125 J and 150 J, thinning of weld nugget and extensive deformation at the edge of welding tip caused failure at the edge of nugget region, leading to a lower lap shear failure load

Seroprevalencia de brucelosis en ganado caprino en hatos del Callao, Perú, 2003

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Norma Taboada E

2005-04-01

Full Text Available Entre los años 2000-2002 la provincia de Callao presentó las tasas más elevadas de infección humana por Brucella mellitensis en el Perú, además la crianza de caprinos representa una actividad económica local importante. Con el objetivo de conocer la seroprevalencia de Brucelosis en el ganado caprino analizamos una muestra de 175 animales de nueve hatos de los distritos del Callao y Ventanilla, usando la prueba de Rosa de Bengala (RB para descarte y el 2-mercapto-etanol para confirmación. El 53,7% (94 de las cabras fue mayor de seis meses; el antecedente de vacunación fue de 38,3% y 81,9%, respectivamente. Con RB se obtuvo 10/148 cabras positivas en Callao y 0/27 en Ventanilla; finalmente sólo siete fueron confirmadas. Persiste el riesgo de Brucelosis humana en el Callao ante la presencia de ganado caprino infectado con dicho mal.

KITAB AL-SANĪ AL-MAṬĀLIB: INTERKONEKSI NAHWU DAN TASAWUF

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Zakiyah Zakiyah

2012-12-01

Tulisan ini mereview buku yang berjudul al-Sanī al-Maṭālib yang ditulis oleh Kiai Nur Iman Mlangi Yogyakarta. Buku ini ditulis dalam bahasa Arab yang me­ngandung interkoneksi antara ilmu Nahwu (tata bahasa Arab dengan mis­tisis­me. Buku ini sangat menarik karena kenyataan bahwa kedua pengetahuan tersebut memiliki aturan sendiri-sendiri. Selain itu, sangat sedikit penulis yang menulis dengan gaya seperti itu. Salah satunya adalah Syaikh Abdul Qadir bin Ahmad al-Kuhany dengan karyanya yang berjudul Manniyat al-Fāqir al-Munjarid wa Sayrat al-Murīd al-Mutafarrid. Buku al-Saniy al-Muthalib diduga telah ditulis pada akhir abad ke-18 atau awal abad ke-19, menurut periode kehidupan Kiai Nur Iman yaitu sekitar pertengahan abad ke-18. Aturan Nahwu dalam buku ini dijelaskan secara teosofi yang dimulai dengan penjelasan mengenai tauhid (keesaan Tuhan sebagai kajian dasar bagi orang Islam, yang diikuti dengan makna dari masing-masing aturan bahasa Arab dalam aspek mistiknya.

Rekonstruksi Konsep Ijtihad: Studi Pemikiran Ben’umar tentang al-Ijtihad fi al-Waqi’

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Duski Ibrahim

2015-10-01

Full Text Available This paper is the result of a research that evaluating the reconstruction the concept of ijtihad, by discuss the idea of al-Ijtihad Ben'umar fi al-waqi’. This paper concludes that Al-Ijtihad fi al-waqi’ is actually a form of collective ijtihad (al ijtihad al-jama'i, by gathering the experts of shari'ah law (fuqaha` ash-shar'i and experts Researchers and scientists (khubara` al-'ashr. Because experts know the nash purposes, while researchers and scientists (al-khubara` know the reality (al-waqi’, the effects in the future (ma'alat = future effect and challenges (tahaddiyat. The idea of formulating the concept of al-ijtihad fi al-waqi’ emerged based on a premise that ijtihad is a creation of experts to implement Islamic law in society. Therefore, the concept of ijtihad experienced a significant development, start from using the nash from the language aspects, continue to the using of logic. At the moment when the situation people are increasingly develop, then the creation of ijtihad become a necessary to developed, for example in the form of al-ijtihad fi al-waqi’ . About the source of the formation of the concept of al -ijtihad fi al-waqi’ comes from theory about the functions of nash, al-manath theory in Islamic law, and supported by the theory of al-mashlalah al-mursalah.

Influencia del contacto precoz, nacionalidad, tipo de parto y prematuridad en la lactancia materna

OpenAIRE

Ana Belén Laviña Castan

2015-01-01

Conocer si en el HUMS existe asociación entre lactancia materna y nacionalidad, prematuridad, tipo de parto, contacto precoz piel con piel. Estudio de cohortes, en una muestra de 541 puérperas del HUMS en octubre-noviembre 2011. Las variables: nacionalidad, tipo de parto, contacto precoz, parto prematuro e inicio lactancia materna se recogieron antes del alta hospitalaria mediante cuestionario. A los dos meses postparto se contactó telefónicamente con las madres para conocer el tipo de lactan...

Efectos del alta hospitalaria temprana en el periodo posparto en la Clínica del Prado, Medellín, Colombia

OpenAIRE

Cardona-Ospina, Arturo; Ordoñez-Molina, Jaime; Vásquez-Trespalacios, Elsa María; Universidad CES; Mestra-Palomino, Laureano; García-Posada, Raúl Alejandro

2014-01-01

Problema: evaluar el efecto del alta hospitalaria temprana en pacientes sanas. Objetivo: establecerel riesgo de complicaciones en pacientes obstétricas con alta temprana respecto a aquellasque egresan después de 24 horas. Métodos: cohorte prospectiva con seguimiento postparto.Resultados: 750 pacientes, edad promedio de 24,5 años y edad gestacional de 38,5 semanas.El porcentaje de consulta luego del alta fue 2,0 %. El efecto del alta hospitalaria tempranasobre la necesidad de consultar luego d...

Eficacia del entrenamiento muscular en el aumento de la fuerza del suelo pélvico

OpenAIRE

González Morán, Janire

2014-01-01

RESUMEN: Introducción: La gimnasia abdominal hipopresiva (GAH) fue creada en los años 80 por el Doctor Marcel Caufriez. Surge como alternativa para tonificar la faja abdominal de las mujeres en el postparto, logrando una disminución de la presión intraabdominal (1). Los ejercicios de Kegel consisten en el fortalecimiento del suelo pélvico mediante contracciones voluntarias (2,3). Objetivo: Comparar la eficacia de los ejercicios Kegel y la Gimnasia Abdominal Hipopresiva en la me...

Study of the 26Al(n,p)26Mg and 26Al(n,α)23Na reactions using the 27Al(p,p')27Al inelastic scattering reaction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Benamara, S; De Séréville, N; Hammache, F; Stefan, I; Roussel, P; Ancelin, S; Assié, M; Guillot, J; Le Crom, B; Lefebvre, L; Adsley, P; Laird, A M; Barton, C; Diget, C; Fox, S; Coc, A; Deloncle, I; Hamadache, C; Kiener, J; Lefebfre-Schuhl, A

2016-01-01

26 Al was the first cosmic radioactivity ever detected in the galaxy as well as one of the first extinct radioactivity observed in refractory phases of meteorites. Its nucleosynthesis in massive stars is still uncertain mainly due to the lack of nuclear information concerning the 26 Al(n,p) 26 Mg and 26 Al(n,α) 23 Na reactions. We report on a single and coincidence measurement of the 27 Al(p,p') 27 Al(p) 26 Mg and 27 Al(p,p') 27 Al(α) 23 Na reactions performed at the Orsay TANDEM facility aiming at the spectroscopy study of 27 Al above the neutron threshold. Fourteen states are observed for the first time within 350 keV above the 26 Al+n threshold. (paper)

AlN/Al dual protective coatings on NdFeB by DC magnetron sputtering

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Li Jinlong; Mao Shoudong; Sun Kefei [Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201 (China); Li Xiaomin [Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050 (China); Song Zhenlun [Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201 (China)], E-mail: songzhenlun@nimte.ac.cn

2009-11-15

AlN/Al dual protective coatings were prepared on NdFeB by DC magnetron sputtering in a home-made industrial apparatus. Comparing with Al coating, AlN/Al coatings have a denser structure of an outmost AlN amorphous layer following an inner Al columnar crystal layer. The coatings and NdFeB substrate combine well, and moreover, there is occurrence of metallurgy bonding in the interface layer. Both Al and AlN/Al coatings have a good protective ability to NdFeB. Especially, the corrosion resistance of AlN/Al coated NdFeB is improved largely. AlN/Al and Al protective coatings not only do not deteriorate the magnetic properties of NdFeB, but contribute to their slight increase.

AlN/Al dual protective coatings on NdFeB by DC magnetron sputtering

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li Jinlong; Mao Shoudong; Sun Kefei; Li Xiaomin; Song Zhenlun

2009-01-01

AlN/Al dual protective coatings were prepared on NdFeB by DC magnetron sputtering in a home-made industrial apparatus. Comparing with Al coating, AlN/Al coatings have a denser structure of an outmost AlN amorphous layer following an inner Al columnar crystal layer. The coatings and NdFeB substrate combine well, and moreover, there is occurrence of metallurgy bonding in the interface layer. Both Al and AlN/Al coatings have a good protective ability to NdFeB. Especially, the corrosion resistance of AlN/Al coated NdFeB is improved largely. AlN/Al and Al protective coatings not only do not deteriorate the magnetic properties of NdFeB, but contribute to their slight increase.

Al-Si/Al2O3 in situ composite prepared by displacement reaction of CuO/Al system

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Zhang Jing

2010-02-01

Full Text Available Al2O3 particle-reinforced ZL109 composite was prepared by in situ reaction between CuO and Al. The microstructure was observed by means of OM, SEM and TEM. The Al2O3 particles in sub-micron sizes distribute uniformly in the matrix, and the Cu displaced from the in situ reaction forms net-like alloy phases with other alloy elements. The hardness and the tensile strength of the composites at room temperature have a slight increase as compared to that of the matrix. However, the tensile strength at 350 ℃ has reached 90.23 MPa, or 16.92 MPa higher than that of the matrix. The mechanism of the reaction in the CuO/Al system was studied by using of differential scanning calorimetry(DSC and thermodynamic calculation. The reaction between CuO and Al involves two steps. First, CuO reacts with Al to form Cu2O and Al2O3 at the melting temperature of the matrix alloy, and second, Cu2O reacts with Al to form Cu and Al2O3 at a higher temperature. At ZL109 casting temperature of 750–780 ℃, the second step can also take place because of the effect of exothermic reaction of the first step.

AlGaN nanocolumns and AlGaN/GaN/AlGaN nanostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ristic, J.; Sanchez-Garcia, M.A.; Ulloa, J.M.; Calleja, E. [Departamento de Ingenieria Electronica, ETSI Telecomunicacion, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid (Spain); Sanchez-Paramo, J.; Calleja, J.M. [Departamento de Fisica de Materiales, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid (Spain); Jahn, U.; Trampert, A.; Ploog, K.H. [Paul-Drude-Institut fuer Festkoerperelektronik, Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, 10117 Berlin (Germany)

2002-12-01

This work reports on the characterization of hexagonal, single crystal AlGaN nanocolumns with diameters in the range of 30 to 100 nm grown by molecular beam epitaxy on Si(111) substrates. The change of the flux ratio between the Al and the total III-element controls the alloy composition. The Al composition trend versus the Al flux is consistent both with the E{sub 2} phonon energy values measured by inelastic light scattering and the luminescence emission peaks position. High quality low dimensional AlGaN/GaN/AlGaN heterostructures with five GaN quantum discs, 2 and 4 nm thick, embedded into the AlGaN columns, were designed in order to study the quantum confinement effects. (Abstract Copyright [2002], Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

KONSEPSI AL-QURAN DAN AL-HADITS TENTANG OPERASIONAL BANK SYARIAH

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Muhammad Ardy Zaini

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Islam hadir dengan beberapa tujuan, diantaranya adalah terciptanya khoirul ummah dan rahmatan lil’alamin dengan al-Qur’an dan al-Hadits sebagai penuntun umat Islam demi tercapainya tujuan tersebut. Sebagai pedoman hidup, al-Qur’an dan al-Hadits memberikan berbagai petunjuk tentang keteraturan dan permasalahan hidup, termasuk didalamnya mengenai perbankan yang telah memenuhi hampir separuh sisi-sisi kehidupan manusia. Untuk memaksimal ajaran syariah secara kaffah, maka nilai-nilai yang terdapat dalam al-Quran harus mampu diturunkan pada tataran praktis. Salah satu usaha dan langkah dalam rangka menemukan formula perbankan masa depan, al-Quran dan Hadits memiliki konsepsi dalam kegiatan operasional Bank Syariah. Hal ini dilakukan untuk membentuk sikap mental atau watak yang terjabarkan dalam pola berpikir, cara berbicara, dan etika bertingkah laku, sebagai ekspresi jiwa dari manusia yang beriman dan bertakwa kepada Allah Swt. Agar umat Islam mampu menjadi umat yang unggul (khayr ummah.

Fabrication of AlN-TiC/Al composites by gas injection processing

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

YU Huashun; CHEN Hongmei; MA Rendian; MIN Guanghui

2006-01-01

The fabrication of AlN-TiC/Al composites by carbon-and nitrogen-containing gas injection into Al-Mg-Ti melts was studied. It was shown that AlN and TiC particles could be formed by the in situ reaction of mixture gas (N2+C2H2+NH3) with Al-Mg-Ti melts. The condition for the formation of AlN was that the treatment temperature must be higher than 1373 K, and the amounts of AlN and TiC increased with the increase of the treatment temperature and the gas injection time.It was considered that AlN was formed by the direct reaction of Al with nitrogen-containing gas at the interface of the gas bubble and the melt. However, the mechanism of TiC formation is a combination mechanism of solution-precipitation and solid-liquid reaction.

The formation of AlB2 in an Al-B master alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Xiaoming

2005-01-01

The formation of borides in an Al-3 wt.%B master alloy, produced via chemical reactions of KBF 4 and aluminium has been investigated. The chemical reactions produce boron, which dissolves into molten aluminium and subsequently forms aluminium borides. Backscattered electron imaging (BEI) of the Al-3 wt.%B master alloy under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed the presence of two types of phases that contain different levels of boron. Combined with X-ray diffraction (XRD) results, the two types of phases are identified as AlB 2 on AlB 12 . This gives a direct evidence for a peritectic reaction of AlB 12 and aluminium, which produces AlB 2 . The thermodynamic properties of the reactions that may be involved are examined, and the presence of AlB 12 phase in the master alloy explained. The observed microstructure is explained according to the peritectic reaction in an Al-B phase diagram. The stability of AlB 2 and AlB 12 at lower temperature than 975 deg. C is clarified

Construction and evaluation of multi-component Zn-Al based bearing alloys (Zn-Al-Si, Zn-Al-Cu)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shahmiri, M.; Shahin, K.

2001-01-01

Zn-Al based alloys, with excellent mechanical properties, are finding increasing applications in various industries, especially bearing and bushing fields. Observed dimensional instabilities, in their multicomponent systems, (e. g. Zn-Al-Si and, Zn-Al Si-Cu), is believed to be as the result of some kinds of phase transformation, due to the temperature variations, while in service. Profound understanding of the phase transformations due to the temperature variation, requires detailed evaluations of the isothermal sections of the multi-components phase diagrams of Zn-Al-Si and, Zn-Al-Si-Cu alloy systems. In the present article, the isothermal sections of the aforementioned ternary and quaternary systems in the solid state regions have been investigated and observed phase transitions have been critically evaluated

The Existence of a Designer Al=Al Double Bond in the LiAl2 H4- Cluster Formed by Electronic Transmutation.

Science.gov (United States)

Lundell, Katie A; Zhang, Xinxing; Boldyrev, Alexander I; Bowen, Kit H

2017-12-22

The Al=Al double bond is elusive in chemistry. Herein we report the results obtained via combined photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio studies of the LiAl 2 H 4 - cluster that confirm the formation of a conventional Al=Al double bond. Comprehensive searches for the most stable structures of the LiAl 2 H 4 - cluster have shown that the global minimum isomer I possesses a geometric structure which resembles that of Si 2 H 4 , demonstrating a successful example of the transmutation of Al atoms into Si atoms by electron donation. Theoretical simulations of the photoelectron spectrum discovered the coexistence of two isomers in the ion beam, including the one with the Al=Al double bond. © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Characterization of N-polar AlN in GaN/AlN/(Al,Ga)N heterostructures grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Haoran; Mazumder, Baishakhi; Bonef, Bastien; Keller, Stacia; Wienecke, Steven; Speck, James S.; Denbaars, Steven P.; Mishra, Umesh K.

2017-11-01

In GaN/(Al,Ga)N high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMT), AlN interlayer between GaN channel and AlGaN barrier suppresses alloy scattering and significantly improves the electron mobility of the two-dimensional electron gas. While high concentrations of gallium were previously observed in Al-polar AlN interlayers grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition, the N-polar AlN (Al x Ga1-x N) films examined by atom probe tomography in this study exhibited aluminum compositions (x) equal to or higher than 95% over a wide range of growth conditions. The also investigated AlN interlayer in a N-polar GaN/AlN/AlGaN/ S.I. GaN HEMT structure possessed a similarly high x content.

KRITIK ATAS KRITIK EPISTEMOLOGI TAFSIR M. ABIED AL JABIRI: Studi Kritis atas Madkhal ila al Quran al Karim

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Ahmad Fawaid

2015-12-01

Full Text Available This paper critically views the epistemology of Muhammad Abid al Jabiri’s interpretation in his book, Madkhal ila al Quran al Karim. His latest work is projected to make the Quran relevant to mankind today and with certainly critiquing classical Quranic studies that have been constructed by previous scholars. Starting from Arab criticism, which is expected to synergize the gap between Turath and modernity, al Jabiri tried out his theory in the realm of Quranic studies oriented to maintain its originality and interpretation from sectarian influence. Focusing on al Jabiri’s review on the Quran, this paper examines and associates some of the problems with the epistemology of critique in Arab reasoning. Finally, it is inferred that the epistemologic offer of al Jabiri used in Turath is not fully applicable in Quranic studies for several reasons. First, the Quranic studies existed within the chain of sanad in its formation. Secondly, at the application stage, al Jabri often overlooked the sanad and narrations from the companions.

Lubrication performance and mechanisms of Mg/Al-, Zn/Al-, and Zn/Mg/Al-layered double hydroxide nanoparticles as lubricant additives

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li, Shuo; Bhushan, Bharat

2016-01-01

Highlights: • Mg/Al-, Zn/Al- and Zn/Mg/Al-layered double hydroxide were synthesized. • Mg/Al-LDH had superior tribological performance compared to other LDHs. • The best thermal stability of Mg/Al-LDH was responsible for its friction property. - Abstract: Solid lubricant particles are commonly used as oil additives for low friction and wear. Mg/Al-, Zn/Al-, and Zn/Mg/Al-layered double hydroxides (LDH) were synthesized by coprecipitation method. The benefits of LDH nanoparticles are that they can be synthesized using chemical methods where size and shape can be controlled, and can be modified organically to allow dispersal in fluids. The LDH nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, thermogravimetry, and differential scanning calorimetry. A pin-on-disk friction and wear tester was used for evaluating the friction and wear properties of LDH nanoparticles as lubricant additives. LDH nanoparticles have friction-reducing and anti-wear properties compared to oil without LDHs. Mg/Al-LDH has the best lubrication, possibly due to better thermal stability in severe conditions.

Lubrication performance and mechanisms of Mg/Al-, Zn/Al-, and Zn/Mg/Al-layered double hydroxide nanoparticles as lubricant additives

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Li, Shuo [School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian Distract, Beijing 100083 (China); Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio- & Nanotechnology and Biomimetics (NLBB), The Ohio State University, 201 W. 19th Avenue Columbus, OH 43210-1142 (United States); Bhushan, Bharat, E-mail: bhushan.2@osu.edu [Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio- & Nanotechnology and Biomimetics (NLBB), The Ohio State University, 201 W. 19th Avenue Columbus, OH 43210-1142 (United States)

2016-08-15

Highlights: • Mg/Al-, Zn/Al- and Zn/Mg/Al-layered double hydroxide were synthesized. • Mg/Al-LDH had superior tribological performance compared to other LDHs. • The best thermal stability of Mg/Al-LDH was responsible for its friction property. - Abstract: Solid lubricant particles are commonly used as oil additives for low friction and wear. Mg/Al-, Zn/Al-, and Zn/Mg/Al-layered double hydroxides (LDH) were synthesized by coprecipitation method. The benefits of LDH nanoparticles are that they can be synthesized using chemical methods where size and shape can be controlled, and can be modified organically to allow dispersal in fluids. The LDH nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, thermogravimetry, and differential scanning calorimetry. A pin-on-disk friction and wear tester was used for evaluating the friction and wear properties of LDH nanoparticles as lubricant additives. LDH nanoparticles have friction-reducing and anti-wear properties compared to oil without LDHs. Mg/Al-LDH has the best lubrication, possibly due to better thermal stability in severe conditions.

Dakwah Kultural Bayt al-Qur’an al-Akbar Ukiran Kayu Khas Melayu Palembang

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Reza Pahlevi

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Penelitian ini berusaha mengungkap berbagai fenomena yang menggambarkan serangkaian kegiatan dakwah kultural Bayt al-Qur’an al-Akbar Ukiran Khas Melayu Palembang. Sehingga dapat diperoleh sejumlah informasi mengenai berbagai upaya penerapan program yang dimaksud. Penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan, pertama kontribusi Bayt al-Qur’an al-Akbar Ukiran Khas Melayu Palembang terhadap perkembangan metode dakwah kultural adalah dakwah melalui seni. Kedua, Bayt al-Qur’an al-Akbar Ukiran Khas Melayu Palembang sebagai tempat Wisata Religi yang sangat signifikan.   This research tries to reveal the various phenomenon that describe a series of cultural propaganda activities Bayt al-Qur’an al-Akbar Ukiran Khas Melayu Palembang. In order to obtain some informations about the efforts of the implementation of the program in question. It can be concluded, the first contribution of Bayt al-Qur’an al-Akbar Ukiran Khas Melayu Palembang on the development of methods of cultural propaganda is propaganda through art. Second Bayt al-Qur’an al-Akbar Ukiran Khas Melayu Palembang as a very significant Religious Tourism.

Optical phonon scattering on electronic mobility in Al2O3/AlGaN/AlN/GaN heterostructures

Science.gov (United States)

Zhou, X. J.; Qu, Y.; Ban, S. L.; Wang, Z. P.

2017-12-01

Considering the built-in electric fields and the two-mode property of transverse optical phonons in AlGaN material, the electronic eigen-energies and wave functions are obtained by solving Schrödinger equation with the finite difference method. The dispersion relations and potentials of the optical phonons are given by the transfer matrix method. The mobility of the two dimensional electron gas influenced by the optical phonons in Al2O3/AlGaN/AlN/GaN heterostructures is investigated based on the theory of Lei-Ting force balance equation. It is found that the scattering from the half-space phonons is the main factor affecting the electronic mobility, and the influence of the other phonons can be ignored. The results show that the mobility decreases with increasing the thicknesses of Al2O3 and AlN layers, but there is no definite relationship between the mobility and the thickness of AlGaN barrier. The mobility is obviously reduced by increasing Al component in AlGaN crystal to show that the effect of ternary mixed crystals is important. It is also found that the mobility increases first and then decreases as the increment of the fixed charges, but decreases always with increasing temperature. The heterostructures constructed here can be good candidates as metal-oxide-semiconductor high-electron-mobility-transistors since they have higher electronic mobility due to the influence from interface phonons weakened by the AlN interlayer.

Al2O3 adherence on CoCrAl alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kingsley, L.M.

1980-04-01

Adherence of protective oxides on NiCrAl and CoCrAl superalloys has been promoted by a dispersion of a highly oxygen reactive element or its oxide being produced within the protection system. Two aspects of this subject are investigated here: the use of Al 2 O 3 as both the dispersion and protective oxide; and the production of an HfO 2 dispersion while simultaneously aluminizing the alloy. It was found that an Al 2 O 3 dispersion will act to promote the adherence of an external scale of Al 2 O 3 to a degree comparable to previously tested dispersions and an HfO 2 dispersion comparable to that produced by a Rhines pack treatment is produced during aluminization

Tracing Al Shabaab’s Decision to Cooperate with Al Qaeda in Somalia (2008

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Adlini Ilma Ghaisany Sjah

2014-02-01

Full Text Available 'Al Shabaab, a Somali insurgent with predominantly nationalistic causes (alongside transnational [global Jihad] and Islamic goals made the choice to fight on behalf of Al Qaeda in 2008. The decision to do so contrasted with Al Shabaab’s previous behaviour of actively denying cooperation and distancing itself from Al Qaeda. This study aims to uncover factors that contributed to Al Shabaab’s decision through the use of process-tracing. The results show that Al Shabaab’s declaration of cooperation with Al Qaeda in August 2008 was brought about by a series of events that traced back to four factors: public reactions to the implementation of a Salafi ideology, the shift to a radical leadership, Al Shabaab’s inability to maintain stability in areas under its control and its increasing attacks by Al Shabaab on the Somali public. Al Shabaab pursued cooperation with Al Qaeda after realizing that their nationalistic preference was no longer achievable in the near future.' ' '

Levels of metals, arsenic and phosphorus in sediments from two sectors of a Brazilian Marine Protected Area (Tupinambás Ecological Station).

Science.gov (United States)

Hoff, Natasha T; Figueira, Rubens C L; Abessa, Denis M S

2015-02-28

The Tupinambás Ecological Station (TES) is a Marine Protected Area consisting of two sectors: the Archipelago of Alcatrazes and the Cabras and Palmas islets. This investigation aimed to provide a first diagnosis of the concentrations of metals (Al,Cr,Cu,Fe,Hg,Ni,Pb,Zn), As and P in sediments from the TES. 24 sediment samples were collected in both sectors using a Van Veen grab sampler. Sediment textures and levels of Organic Matter (OM) and CaCO3 were determined, as well as the concentrations of the above-mentioned elements after partial acid digestion. Sediments were predominantly sandy. Higher levels of CaCO3 occurred in the Alcatrazes sector, whereas the OM contents were higher in the islets sector. Metals concentrations were low and associated with fines, while P and As presented a different behavior. The observed concentrations to all studies elements in sediments from the TES were considered as background values. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

All About ALS

Science.gov (United States)

... Subscribe August 2015 Print this issue All About ALS Understanding a Devastating Disorder En español Send us ... Sports Concussions Wise Choices How Can I Help ALS Research? If you have ALS, join the National ...

Atomistic simulations of diffusion mechanisms in off-stoichiometric Al-rich Ni3Al

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Duan, Jinsong

2007-01-01

This paper presents dynamics simulation results of diffusion in off-stoichiometric Al-rich Ni 3 Al (Ni 73 Al 27 ) at temperature ranging from 1300 to 1550 K. The interatomic forces are described by the Finnis-Sinclair type N-body potentials. Particular attention is devoted to the effect of the extra 2% of Al atoms sitting on the Ni sublattice as antisite point defects (Al Ni ) on diffusion. Simulation results show that Ni atoms mainly diffuse through the Ni sublattice at the temperatures investigated. Al atoms diffuse via both the intrasublattice and antistructure bridge (ASB) mechanisms. The contribution to Al diffusion from the ASB mechanism decreases at the lower temperature (T Ni ) enhances both Al and Ni diffusion in Ni 73 Al 27 . The Ni-Al coupled diffusion effect is observed and understood at the atomic level for the first time

Methodology and Characteristics of Zad al-masir fi ‘ilm al-tafsirby AllamaIbn al-Jawzī (Urdu

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Dr. Muhammad Riaz al Azhari

2017-01-01

Full Text Available This article describes the methodology and characteristics of Zad al-masir fi ‘ilm al-tafsir. This is one the finest work of AllamaIbn al-Jawzī, a 6th century prominent Interpreter. Several editions of this Tafsir have been published. However, the edition of dar al-kitab al-‘arbi, Beirut published in four volumes is selected for this study. This exegesis is based on conventional narrations, authentic quotations from the Islamic Scholars and lingual & grammatical discussions. As a witness, causes of verses (asbabal-Nuz┴l,Makki and MadaniSurah’s (chapters, the abrogating and abrogated verses (al-nasikhwal-mans┴kh and Islamic jurisprudence have been discussed in it where needed. The quality of this translation which is admirable is that mostly authentic Ahadith from original sources, and references to well known basic books in relevant discussions have been described. `

Phenotypic and genotypic studies of ALS cases in ALS-SMA families.

Science.gov (United States)

Corcia, Philippe; Vourc'h, Patrick; Blasco, Helene; Couratier, Philippe; Dangoumau, Audrey; Bellance, Remi; Desnuelle, Claude; Viader, Fausto; Pautot, Vivien; Millecamps, Stephanie; Bakkouche, Salah; Salachas, FranÇois; Andres, Christian R; Meininger, Vincent; Camu, William

2018-03-01

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) are the most frequent motor neuron disorders in adulthood and infancy, respectively. There is a growing literature supporting common pathophysiological patterns between those disorders. One important clinical issue for that is the co-occurrence of both diseases within a family. To collect families in which ALS and SMA patients co-exist and describe the phenotype and the genotype of ALS patients. Nine families with co-occurrence of SMA and ALS have been gathered over the last 15 years. Epidemiological, phenotype and genetic status were collected. Out of the nine families, six corresponded to the criteria of familial ALS (FALS). Clinical data were available for 11 patients out of the 15 ALS cases. Mean age of onset was 58.5 years, site of onset was lower limbs in nine cases (81.8%), median duration was 22 months. Four ALS patients carried a mutation: three mutations in SOD1 gene (G147N in two cases and one with E121G) and one repeat expansion in the C9ORF72 gene. Three patients had abnormal SMN1 copy numbers. While the high proportion of familial history of ALS cases in these ALS-SMA pedigrees could have suggested that these familial clusters of the two most frequent MND rely on a genetic background, we failed to exclude that this occurred by chance.

Substituição do farelo de soja pela farinha de glúten de milho na alimentação de cabras leiteiras Substitution of soybean meal protein by corn gluten meal protein in dairy goat feeding

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Luiz Gonzaga Pego de Macedo

2003-08-01

Full Text Available Realizou-se um experimento com cabras Saanen, primíparas, pesando em média, 50 kg, alojadas em baias individuais de 3 m², objetivando avaliar a substituição da proteína do farelo de soja (FS pela proteína da farinha de glúten de milho (FGM, na produção e composição do leite, consumo voluntário e níveis de uréia plasmática. O delineamento experimental foi o triplo quadrado latino 4x4, com quatro períodos de 21 dias, sendo 14 dias de adaptação à dieta e sete dias para colheita das amostras. As cabras foram alimentadas e ordenhadas pela manhã e tarde. Os níveis de substituição estudados foram 0, 10, 30 e 50% de FGM (base na proteína bruta. A substituição do farelo de soja pela farinha de glúten de milho não afetou o consumo (kg/dia e %PV de matéria seca, proteína bruta e fibra em detergente ácido, mas houve efeito quadrático, para o consumo de fibra em detergente neutro (kg/dia e % PV. Houve efeito sobre os níveis de uréia plasmática (UP, que foram inferiores para os menores níveis de substituição, sendo os maiores valores de UP observados para o tratamento que possuía somente FS. A produção de leite decresceu linearmente com a inclusão da farinha de glúten de milho. Os níveis de substituição resultaram em decréscimos lineares na produção de gordura (kg/dia, no teor de gordura do leite (% e no teor de sólidos totais. Houve efeito quadrático para produção de lactose (kg/dia, observando-se o menor valor estimado para o nível de substituição de 31,6%. Não foi observado efeito sobre a produção de proteína bruta no leite, cujo valor médio foi de 0,083 kg/dia. Os teores de proteina bruta, lactose e sólidos totais não sofreram efeito dos níveis de substituição, sendo os valores médios percentuais de 2,98; 4,35 e 11,51%, respectivamente.It was carried out an experiment with goats Saanen, on the first lactation, with 50 kg of body weight, housed in individual stalls of 3 m², to evaluate

Eutectic microstructures of Al-ThA13 and Al-UA14 alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vieira, R.R.; Ambrozio Filho, F.

1990-01-01

This paper deals on the microstructures of systems Al-ThAl3 and Al-UAL4, which are composed by a non faceted phase (aluminium) and an intermetallic phase (ThAl3 or UAL4) which is normally faceted phase. (C.M.)

Interface reactions in the Al-Si-SiC and Mg-Al-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} composite systems

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Johnson, P.K. [Commission of the European Communities, Petten (Netherlands). Inst. for Advanced Materials; Fazal-Ur-Rehman [Imperial Coll. of Science, Technology and Medicine, London (United Kingdom). Dept. of Materials; Fox, S. [Imperial Coll. of Science, Technology and Medicine, London (United Kingdom). Dept. of Materials; Flower, H.M. [Imperial Coll. of Science, Technology and Medicine, London (United Kingdom). Dept. of Materials; West, D.R.F.

1995-12-31

Structural and compositional observations are reported on the influence of the interfaces on the mechanisms and kinetics of liquid metal-ceramic reactions in Al-SiC, Al-Si-SiC, Mg-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} and Mg-Al-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} composites. The aluminium based materials contained up to 20 vol% SiC in particulate form, and were produced by a spray casting process; subsequently the interface reactions were studied in samples heated to temperatures up to 1100 C. The reaction product was Al{sub 4}C{sub 3} in both Al-SiC and Al-Si-SiC composites. The influence of the crystallography and topology of the SiC particle surfaces on the nucleation of the Al{sub 4}C{sub 3} has been demonstrated; surface asperities play an important role. Growth of nuclei proceeds to form continuous reaction product layers which control the subsequent kinetics. The magnesium based composites contained 5 vol% Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} fibres (3 {mu}m in diameter), and were produced by a liquid infiltration process. SD Safimax fibres with relatively low and high porosity, and also RF Saffil fibres, with a silica binder, were investigated. Fibre porosity plays a major role in accelerating the penetration of Mg into the fibres with reaction to form MgO. Silica binder on the fibre surface transforms to MgO. The reaction rate was reduced by the presence of aluminium in the matrix. The factors controlling the reactions in the aluminium and magnesium based composites are compared. (orig.)

KONSTRUKSI FIQH BUKHARI DALAM KITAB AL-JAMI’ AL-SHAHIH

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Abdul Sattar

2011-06-01

Popularitas Imam Bukhari sebagai penyusun kitab Hadits memiliki posisi yang tinggi di kalangan masyarakat muslim. Kitab Al-Jami ‘al-Shahih karya Imam  Bukhari dianggap sebagai koleksi hadits terbaik setelah Quran. Namun, tidak ada banyak informasi tentang kemampuannya di bidang Hukum Islam (fiqh. Ada beberapa pertanyaan yang dapat diajukan dalam hal tersebut;  pertama, apakah pemikiran Imam Bukhari dipengaruh salah satu dari empat fuqaha Sunni saat menulis al-Jami ‘al-Shahih?. Kedua, apa yang diupayakan Imam Bukhari untuk mengartikulasikan pemikirannya tentang hukum Islam? Dengan menggunakan pendekatan eksploratif, verifikatif dan hermenetical, artikel ini akan mengungkapkan bahwa Imam Bukhari tidak berada di bawah pengaruh madhab tertentu dalam mengartikulasikan pemikirannya tentang hukum Islam. Dia mengartikulasikan pandangannya dengan cara yang unik dan execelent berdasarkan kapasitasnya sebagai muhaddits.

La "historia de los omeyas de al-Andalus" en los Masalik al-Absar

OpenAIRE

Molina, Luis

2005-01-01

[ES]Los Masalik al-absar de Ibn Fadl Allah al-`Umari incluyen un breve resumen de la Historia de los omeyas de al-Andalus. En este trabajo se analizan las relaciones textuales entre ese pasaje y el Muqtabis de Ibn Hayyan, crónica que resulta ser la fuente casi única utilizada por al-`Umari para redactar ese capítulo. [EN]The Masalik al-absar by Ibn Fadl Allah al-`Umari contains a brief summary of the Umayyad history in al-Andalus. In this article, the textual relationship between this p...

Prevalencia de depresión posparto en puérperas adolescentes y adultas

OpenAIRE

Molero,Katherine L; Urdaneta Machado,José Ramón; V,Charles; Baabel Zambrano,Nasser; Contreras Benítez,Alfi; Azuaje Quiroz,Estefany; Baabel Romero,Nadia

2014-01-01

Objetivo: Comparar la prevalencia de depresión postparto (DPP) entre puérperas adolescentes y adultas atendidas en el Servicio de Obstetricia y Ginecología del Hospital "Dr. Manuel Noriega Trigo", en San Francisco, Estado Zulia, Venezuela. Métodos: Investigación comparativa con diseño no experimental, transeccional, de casos y controles, que incluyó una muestra de 100 mujeres en puerperio tardío, divididas en dos grupos pareados de 50 adolescentes (casos) y 50 adultas (controles); las que fue...

Ejercicio hipopresivo en el tratamiento de la incontinencia urinaria en mujeres multíparas: serie de casos

OpenAIRE

Abimael, Baruc; Rial Rebullido, Tamara; Chulvi Medrano, Iván; Fabre, Pierre

2017-01-01

Objetivo: Un número cada vez mayor de matronas recomiendan los Ejercicios Hipopresivos (EH) como terapia de ejercicio alternativa en la recuperación abdomino-pélvica del post-parto. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir los efectos de un protocolo de rehabilitación basado en ejercicio hipopresivo (EH) sobre la sintomatología de Incontinencia Urinaria (IU) de mujeres multíparas. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo de una serie de casos realizado en la unidad de rehabilitación de Tolcayuca (Mé...

Cryptanalysis of Lin et al.'s Efficient Block-Cipher-Based Hash Function

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Liu, Bozhong; Gong, Zheng; Chen, Xiaohong; Qiu, Weidong; Zheng, Dong

2010-01-01

Hash functions are widely used in authentication. In this paper, the security of Lin et al.'s efficient block-cipher-based hash function is reviewed. By using Joux's multicollisions and Kelsey et al.'s expandable message techniques, we find the scheme is vulnerable to collision, preimage and second

From Kitāb al-ḥadā’iq to Kitāb al-dawā’ir: Reconsidering Ibn al-Sīd al-Batalyawsī’s Philosophical Treatise

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Eliyahu, Ayala

2015-06-01

Full Text Available The philosophical treatise known as Kitāb al-ḥadā’iq is generally ascribed to the 12th century Andalusian author Ibn al-Sīd al-Batalyawsī, although this attribution is sometimes contested. This paper offers a new interpretation of the title, textual history, authorship, sources, and literary genre of this treatise, on the basis of new textual evidence, a reexamination of known evidence, and a comparison between the treatise and Batalyawsī’s works. The conclusions of this study are first, that Kitāb al-ḥadā’iq was not the treatise’s original title, and therefore it should be renamed Kitāb al-dawā’ir; second, that Kitāb al-dawā’ir was originally part of (one of the versions of Batalyawsī’s Kitāb al-masā’il; and third, that the textual and stylistic similarities between this treatise and Batalyawsī’s other works prove the authenticity of the treatise’s attribution to Batalyawsī. In addition, new findings regarding Batalyawsī’s use of formulas from the Rasā’il Ikhwān al-Safā, in Kitāb al-dawā’ir and Kitāb al-masā’il provide further evidence for the deep impact of the Ikhwān on Batalyawsī’s thought, as well as for the close connection between Kitāb al-dawā’ir and Kitāb al-masā’il. This connection is further highlighted according to the attribution of both treatises to the genre of questions and answers in Arabic literature. The evidence gathered in this paper supports the claim that Batalyawsī’s Kitāb al-dawā’ir should be seen as an integral part of his literary oeuvre, as well as of Andalusian philosophical literature in general.Generalmente el tratado filosófico conocido como Kitāb al-ḥadā’iq se asocia al autor andalusí del siglo XII Ibn al-Sid al-Batalyawsī, aunque esta atribución ha sido discutida en ocasiones. Este artículo ofrece una nueva interpretación del título, la historia del texto, la autoría, las fuentes e incluso del género literario al que se

Theory and X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy for Aluminum Coordination Complexes – Al K-Edge Studies of Charge and Bonding in (BDI)Al, (BDI)AlR2, and (BDI)AlX2 Complexes.

Science.gov (United States)

Altman, Alison B; Pemmaraju, C D; Camp, Clément; Arnold, John; Minasian, Stefan G; Prendergast, David; Shuh, David K; Tyliszczak, Tolek

2015-08-19

Polarized aluminum K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy and first-principles calculations were used to probe electronic structure in a series of (BDI)Al, (BDI)AlX2, and (BDI)AlR2 coordination compounds (X = F, Cl, I; R = H, Me; BDI = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl-β-diketiminate). Spectral interpretations were guided by examination of the calculated transition energies and polarization-dependent oscillator strengths, which agreed well with the XANES spectroscopy measurements. Pre-edge features were assigned to transitions associated with the Al 3p orbitals involved in metal-ligand bonding. Qualitative trends in Al 1s core energy and valence orbital occupation were established through a systematic comparison of excited states derived from Al 3p orbitals with similar symmetries in a molecular orbital framework. These trends suggested that the higher transition energies observed for (BDI)AlX2 systems with more electronegative X(1-) ligands could be ascribed to a decrease in electron density around the aluminum atom, which causes an increase in the attractive potential of the Al nucleus and concomitant increase in the binding energy of the Al 1s core orbitals. For (BDI)Al and (BDI)AlH2 the experimental Al K-edge XANES spectra and spectra calculated using the eXcited electron and Core-Hole (XCH) approach had nearly identical energies for transitions to final state orbitals of similar composition and symmetry. These results implied that the charge distributions about the aluminum atoms in (BDI)Al and (BDI)AlH2 are similar relative to the (BDI)AlX2 and (BDI)AlMe2 compounds, despite having different formal oxidation states of +1 and +3, respectively. However, (BDI)Al was unique in that it exhibited a low-energy feature that was attributed to transitions into a low-lying p-orbital of b1 symmetry that is localized on Al and orthogonal to the (BDI)Al plane. The presence of this low-energy unoccupied molecular orbital on electron-rich (BDI)Al distinguishes

Produção, composição do leite e constituintes sangüíneos de cabras alimentadas com diferentes volumosos Production, milk composition and blood parameters in goats fed different forages

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L.R. Ribeiro

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Utilizaram-se nove cabras da raça Saanen, para estudar o efeito de dietas compostas por três diferentes fontes de volumosos, feno de alfafa, silagem de milho e feno de aveia, sobre a ingestão de matéria seca, produção e composição do leite e sobre os constituintes sangüíneos, glicose e uréia plasmáticas, em triplo quadrado latino 3x3. Os consumos de matéria seca e proteína bruta dos animais alimentados com feno de alfafa foram mais altos que os à base de silagem de milho (P0,05 das dietas sobre a produção diária de leite (kg/dia, sobre os teores (% de gordura, proteína, lactose e sólidos totais e sobre a contagem de células somáticas (cels/mlx1000. Os animais que consumiram feno de alfafa produziram maiores quantidades (P0,05. Os resultados indicaram que a fonte de volumoso, em rações isoenergéticas e isoproteicas, afeta o desempenho dos animais pela alteração no consumo de MS e PB e produção dos constituintes do leite (kg/dia.Nine Saanen dairy goats, consuming diets composed of three different sources of roughage (alfalfa hay, corn silage, and oat hay were used to study the effect of those diets on the ingestion of dry matter (DM, on milk production, milk composition, and plasmatic glucose and urea levels. The experimental design was a triple latin square 3x3. The intakes of DM and crude protein by the animals fed on alfalfa hay were higher than those fed ration based on corn silage (P0.05 of the diets on the daily milk production and on the fat, protein, lactose, and total solids contents, and on the somatic cells count (SCC, but those cows that received diets with alfalfa hay produced higher amounts (g/day (P0.05. It can be concluded that the forage sources affect the animal performance from changes in both DM and CP intakes and production of milk components (kg/day.

Thermodynamic properties of Al-Mn, Al-Cu, and Al-Fe-Cu melts and their relations to liquid and quasicrystal structure

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zaitsev, A I; Zaitseva, N E; Shimko, R Yu; Arutyunyan, N A; Dunaev, S F; Kraposhin, V S; Lam, Ha Thanh

2008-01-01

Thermodynamic properties of molten Al-Mn, Al-Cu and Al-Fe-Cu alloys in a wide temperature range of 1123-1878 K and the whole range of concentrations have been studied using the integral effusion method and Knudsen mass spectrometry. Thermodynamic functions of melts were described by the associated solution model. The possibility of icosahedral quasicrystal (i-QC) precipitation from liquid Al-Mn and Al-Cu-Fe alloys was found to be a consequence of the existence in liquid associates (clusters). A geometric model is suggested for the structure of associates in liquid

Sintering Behavior of CNT Reinforced Al6061 and Al2124 Nanocomposites

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Nouari Saheb

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Ball milling and spark plasma sintering were successfully used to produce carbon nanotube reinforced Al6061 and Al2124 nanocomposites which have potential applications in the fields of aerospace, automotive, electronics, and high precision instrumentation. Al2124 and Al6061 nanocomposite powders containing 0.5 to 2 wt.% CNTs prepared through sonication and wet ball milling were spark plasma sintered at 400, 450, and 500°C for 20 minutes under a pressure of 35 MPa. CNTs were better dispersed, and less agglomerated and had good adhesion to the matrix in composites containing 1 wt.% CNTs. The increase of CNT content to 2 wt.% led to the formation of CNT clusters which resulted in less uniform and homogenous composite powders. Almost full densification of Al6061 reinforced with CNTs was achieved at 500°C. Also, CNTs reinforced Al2124 nanocomposites reached very high densities at 500°C. Composites reinforced with 1 wt.% CNTs displayed better densification compared to composites containing 2 wt.% CNTs. The increase of CNTs content from 0.5 to 1 wt.% increased the hardness of the Al6061 and Al2124 alloys to maximum values. Further increase of CNTs content to 2 wt.% decreased the hardness to values lower than that of the monolithic alloys.

Tetragonal phase in Al-rich region of U-Fe-Al system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Meshi, L.; Zenou, V.; Ezersky, V.; Munitz, A.; Talianker, M.

2005-01-01

A new ternary aluminide U 2 FeAl 20 with the approximate composition Al-4.2at% Fe-8.5at% U was observed in the Al-rich corner of the U-Al-Fe system. Transmission electron microscopy and electron microdiffraction technique were used for characterization of the structure of this phase. It has a tetragonal unit cell with the parameters a=12.4A and c=10.3A and can be described by the space group I4-bar 2m

Ilhaq al-Masa'il bi Nazairiha dan Penerapannya dalam Bahth al-Masa'il

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Luthfi Hadi Aminuddin

2013-11-01

Full Text Available Abstract: Ilh}a>q al-Masa>’il bi Naz}a>iriha is one of the methods used by Nahdlatul Ulama in resisting the opinion based on (manhaji analytical concept of Islamic jurisprudence (the solution for complex social problems as the main purpose of Islamic shari’ah. As known that, up to now, ilh}a>q has been understood as a process of answering a new case by the way of equating to the old one which is written in the book called al-mu’tabarah. Such ilh}a>q has got many criticisms both from the definitions, procedures and its epistemogical footing. This paper is about to reveal how the NU clerics of Islam understand the concept of Ilh}a>q}, what its epistemological footing was and how the concept was applied in discussing many cases (bah}th al-masa>’il. Based on the writer’s study to several documents of decision results of NU that Ilh}a>q did not only simplify to equate the new cases with the old ones that have been freely discussed in the books of al-mu’tabarah, but both cases should have similar legal substance, that is, both should be under the decrees of laws of al-qawa> ‘id al-fiqhi>yah. Thus, Ilh}a>q is actually answering the problem by applying al-qawa>‘id al-fiqhi>yah, whereas the formulation al-qawa>‘id al-fiqhi>yah itself was set off from the examination of a number of furu>’ generated by qiya> s. This paper also found three variations of the implementation of Ilh}a>q in bah}th al-masa>’il. First, the application of Ilh}a>q was without mentioning al-qawa> ‘id al-fiqhi>yah which covered new cases (mulh}aq and the old case law that has been known in the books of fiqh (mulh}aq bih/attached to. Second, the application of Ilh}a>q was accompanied by mentioning mulh}aq bih and al-qawa> ‘id al-fiqhi>yah. Third, the application of Ilh}a>q, was only by the mentioning al-qawa> ‘id al-fiqhi>yah.

Nanoindentation studies of ex situ AlN/Al metal matrix nanocomposites

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fale, Sandeep; Likhite, Ajay; Bhatt, Jatin

2014-01-01

Highlights: • Formation of in-situ phases nucleated on AlN particles strengthens the matrix. • Formation of in-situ phases increases with AlN content in nanocomposites. • Stronger in-situ phases results in increased hardness and modulus of elasticity. - Abstract: Nanocrystalline Aluminium nitride (AlN) powder is dispersed in different weight ratio in Aluminum matrix to fabricate metal matrix nanocomposite (MMNC) using ex situ melt metallurgy process. The synthesized Al–AlN nanocomposites are studied for phase analysis using high resolution scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM) and for hardness behavior using microindentation and nanoindentation tests. Quantitative analysis of the oxide phases is calculated from thermodynamic data and mass balance equation using elemental data obtained from energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) results. Role of oxide phases in association with AlN particles is investigated to understand the mechanical behavior of composites using nanoindentation tester. Load–displacement profile obtained from nanoindentation test reveals distribution of oxide phases along with AlN particle and their effect on indent penetration

Isothermal cross-sections of Sr-Al-Ge and Ba-Al-Ge systems at 673 K

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kutsenok, N.L.; Yanson, T.I.

1987-01-01

X-ray and microstructural analyses are used to study phase equilibria in Sr-Al-Ge and Ba-Al-Ge systems. Existence of SrAl 2 Ge 2 , Sr(Al, Ge) 2 Ba(Al, Ge) 2 , Sr 3 Al 2 Ge 2 , Ba 3 Al 2 Ge 2 ternary compounds is confirmed, a new BaGe 4 binary compound and also new ternary compounds of approximate composition Sr 57 Al 30 Ge 13 and Ba 20 Al 40 Ge 40 , which crystal structure is unknown, are detected. Aluminium solubility in SrAl 4 and BaAl 4 binary compounds (0.05 atomic fraction) is determined. Ba(Al, Ge) 2 compound homogeneity region is defined more exactly (aluminium content varies from 0.27 to 0.51 at. fractions)

Production of 26Al by spallation of Fe, Si, Al nuclei

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Paillard, P.

1977-01-01

Cross sections for 7 Be, 10 Be and 26 Al formation in Al, Si and Fe targets bombarded with 0.6 and 24GeV protons have been measured by using highly selective chemical separation and low level background counters. Results for 26 Al at 0.6GeV are in mb: 17.9 + or - 2.7 in Al, 12.5 + or - 2.5 in Si and 0.45 + or - 0.14 in Fe; at 24GeV 2.6 + or - 0.5mb in Fe. Results for 10 Be are not valid on account of experimental difficulties. It is deduced from these values of aluminium in cosmic ray propagation that 26 Al is not yet cosmic ray chronometer [fr

143 - 148_Makeri et al.

African Journals Online (AJOL)

USER

2015-06-01

Jun 1, 2015 ... Yuan et al., 2003), antimicrobial activity (Sundarrao et al., 1993; Betancur-Galvis et al., 1999; Takashi et al., 2006), anti-parasitic, anti-malarial activities (Alali et al., 1998; Jaramillo et al., 2000; Luna et al.,. 2005). This study evaluates the antibacterial activity of extract of stem –bark and leaf extracts of Annona.

Phase relationships in the Al-rich region of the Al-Cu-Er system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang Ligang; Masset, Patrick J.; Cao Fuyong; Meng Fangui; Liu Libin; Jin Zhanpeng

2011-01-01

Research highlights: → One ternary phase τ 1 -Al 8 Cu 4 Er in Al-rich region with a composition of 59.4-60.4 at.% Al, 32.2-33.8 at.% Cu, and 6.4-7.7 at.% Er is observed in both as-cast and annealed alloys. At 673 K, the binary Al 3 Er phase dissolves about 3.51 at.% Cu. → The calculated solidification paths (based on the CALPHAD method) of as-cast alloys are in agreement with the experimental results. → It can be found that the resultant thermodynamic database can be applied to case studies of as-cast alloys, showing that the literature thermodynamic description of the Al-Cu-Er system is reliable as a working basis for computer-assisted alloy design. - Abstract: The Al-rich region of the ternary Al-Cu-Er system is investigated using the method of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Phase equilibria in the Al-rich region of the Al-Cu-Er system at 673 K have been obtained, and the microstructures of as-cast alloys in the Al-rich region are also investigated. One ternary phase τ 1 -Al 8 Cu 4 Er with a composition of 59.4-60.4 at.% Al, 32.2-33.8 at.% Cu, and 6.4-7.7 at.% Er is observed in both as-cast and annealed alloys. At 673 K, the binary Al 3 Er phase dissolves about 3.51 at.% Cu. The calculated solidification paths (based on the CALPHAD method) of as-cast alloys are in agreement with the experimental results.

Mechanical properties and deformation behavior of Al/Al7075, two-phase material

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sherafat, Z.; Paydar, M.H.; Ebrahimi, R.; Sohrabi, S.

2010-01-01

In the present study, mechanical properties and deformation behavior of Al/Al7075, two-phase material were investigated. The two-phase materials were fabricated by mixing commercially pure Al powder with Al7075 chips and consolidating the mixture through hot extrusion process at 500 o C. Mechanical properties and deformation behavior of the fabricated samples were evaluated using tensile and compression tests. A scanning electron microscope was used to study the fracture surface of the samples including different amount of Al powder, after they were fractured in tensile test. The results of the tensile and compression tests showed that with decreasing the amount of Al powder, the strength increases and ductility decreases. Calculation of work hardening exponent (n) indicated that deformation behavior does not follow a regular trend. In a way that the n value was approved to be variable and a strong function of strain and Al powder wt% of the sample. The results of the fractography studies indicate that the type of fracture happened changes from completely ductile to nearly brittle by decreasing the wt% of Al powder from 90% to 40%.

A Scholar from Saray: Mawlana Zada al-Sarayi (754/1353–791/1389 in the Biographical Dictionary of Taqi al-Din al-Maqrizi (766/1365–845/1441 “Kitab al-Muqaffa al-Kabir” (The Great Rhymed Book

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

D.R. Zaynuddinov

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Research objective: to introduce into academic circulation previously unknown source on the Golden Horde history. Research materials: biographical dictionary of Taqi al-Din al-Maqrizi (766/1365 – 845/1441 “Kitab al-Muqaffa al-Kabir” (The Great Rhymed Book. Results and novelty of the research: This article contains materials from the works of historians engaged in the narrative biography, which V.G. Tiesenhausen did not include in his “Collection of Materials on the Golden Horde history (extract from Arab writings”, although their writings contain very valuable information about the Golden Horde History. Research novelty consists in the fact that the author of this article presents one paragraph from biographical dictionary of Taqi al-Din al-Maqrizi, whose article number 421 provides information about a scholar from Saray – Mawlana Zada al-Sarayi. The author provides its translation and commentary referring to the more than ten medieval Arab sources. After receiving basic education at home, Mawlana Zada al-Sarayi traveled to many Eastern countries in search of knowledge and after having received high recognition he settled in Cairo as a teacher of Sharia Sciences. Despite the fact that his life was interrupted at an early age (36 years, he left a deep mark in science. His son Muhibbu al-Din (Cairo, 791/1389 – Mecca, Friday, the 3rd of Dhu al-Hijjah 859/13 November 1455 also became a great scholar as well as an imam of Sultan al-Ashraf Barsbay himself and other sultans after him. Nisba al-Sarayi sounded on the lips of the Ulema of the East as a symbol of learnedness and high temper. As a result of research it must be said that the study of life of Mawlana Zada al-Sarayi (754/1353 – 791/1389 and the number of migrants from Desht-i Kipchak in Egypt will help researchers in a deeper and more detailed study of the Golden Horde history.

Improved AlGaN/GaN HEMTs Grown on Si Substrates Using Stacked AlGaN/AlN Interlayer by MOCVD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Yong; Yu Nai-Sen; Li Ming; Lau Kei-May

2011-01-01

AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) are grown on 2-inch Si (111) substrates by MOCVD. The stacked AlGaN/AlN interlayer with different AlGaN thickness and indium surfactant doped is designed and optimized to relieve the tensile stress during GaN epitaxial growth. The top 1.0μm GaN buffer layer grown on the optimized AlGaN/AlN interlayer shows a crack-free and shining surface. The XRD results show that GaN(002) FWHM is 480 arcsec and GaN(102) FWHM is 900 arcsec. The AGaN/GaN HEMTs with optimized and non-optimized AlGaN/AlN interlayer are grown and processed for comparison and the dc and rf characteristics are characterized. For the dc characteristics of the device with optimized AlGaN/AlN interlayer, maximum drain current density I dss of 737mA/mm, peak transconductance G m of 185mS/mm, drain leakage current density I ds of 1.7μA/mm, gate leakage current density I gs of 24.8 μA/mm and off-state breakdown voltage V BR of 67 V are achieved with L g /W g /L gs /L gd = 1/10/1/1 μm. For the small signal rf characteristics of the device with optimized AlGaN/AlN interlayer, current gain cutoff frequency f T of 8.3 GHz and power gain cutoff frequency f max of 19.9 GHz are achieved with L g /W g /L gs /L gd = 1/100/1/1 μm. Furthermore, the best rf performance with f T of 14.5 GHz and f max of 37.3 GHz is achieved with a reduced gate length of 0.7μm. (condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties)

Konsepsi Ibnu Jarir Al-Tabari Tentang Al-Qur’an, Tafsir Dan Ta’wil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A.M Ismatulloh

2012-12-01

Full Text Available The objective of this research is to describe the concept of Ibnu Jarir al-Tabari about al-Qur’an, tafsir and ta’wil. Ibn Jarir al-Tabari is an outstanding expert in the classic Islamic tradition. His knowledge in hadits, fiqh, lughah, history, and tafseer is unquestionable. This study uses an analytical descriptive design. The findings show that: Firstly, in defining al-Qur’an, al-Tabari focused on the al-Qur’an as an Arabic language text, not in other language. Secondly, al-Qur’an is written in sab’ah ahruf. It means that there are 7 different kinds of language with the same meaning. Thirdly, al-Qur’an comes from seven heaven’s door. Fourthly, there is no different word between tafseer and ta’wil. They have same meaning. These concepts are different to other concepts proposed by other ulama.

Phospholipid classes and fatty acid composition of ewe’s and goat’s milk

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zancada, L.

2013-06-01

Full Text Available The content, distribution of individual species, and the fatty acid composition of phospholipids (PL from ewe’s and goat’s milk were analyzed. The binding of enterotoxigenic and uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains to PL and the inhibition of bacterial hemagglutination by PL were addressed using high performance thin-layer chromatography-overlay assays and microtiter plates, respectively. Ovine and caprine milk contained more PL than bovine milk but less than human milk. The profile of individual PL was similar, including sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol in both ovine and caprine milk. Regarding the fatty acid composition, a high content of long-chain fatty acids (more than C16 and unsaturated fatty acids, with C18:1 as the most abundant was found in ovine and caprine milk PL. Ovine milk has longer and less saturated fatty acids while caprine milk has shorter and more saturated ones. Neither the adhesion of any bacterial strains assayed to the individual PL from ovine or caprine milk nor the inhibition of bacterial hemagglutination by PL were observed. These are important constituents of the milk fat globule membrane, but it seems that they do not play a role in the defence of new-borns against bacteria if the results obtained are taken into account.Se ha analizado el contenido, distribución de las especies individuales y la composición en ácidos grasos de los fosfolípidos (FL de la leche de oveja y de cabra. Se ha estudiado también la unión de cepas enterotoxigénicas y uropatogénicas de Escherichia coli a estos compuestos y el efecto de los FL sobre la hemaglutinación provocada por estas bacterias mediante inmunodetección en placa y ensayos en placas multipocillo, respectivamente. La leche de oveja y de cabra contiene más FL que la de vaca, pero menos que la leche humana. El perfil de FL individuales es similar en la leche de oveja y de cabra e incluye

Predicting glass-forming compositions in the Al-La and Al-La-Ni systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gargarella, P.; de Oliveira, M.F.; Kiminami, C.S.; Pauly, S.; Kuehn, U.; Bolfarini, C.; Botta, W.J.; Eckert, J.

2011-01-01

Research highlights: → The glass-forming ability of the Al-La and Al-La-Ni systems was studied using the λ* and the λ.Δe criteria. → Both criteria predicted with just 1% at. of error the best glass-former verified so far in the Al-La system. → Four new glass-former compositions could be predicted in the Al-La-Ni system using the λ.Δe criterion. → The best glass-former reported so far in the Al-La-Ni system was found. - Abstract: In this work, a criterion considering the topological instability (λ) and the differences in the electronegativity of the constituent elements (Δe) was applied to the Al-La and Al-Ni-La systems in order to predict the best glass-forming compositions. The results were compared with literature data and with our own experimental data for the Al-La-Ni system. The alloy described in the literature as the best glass former in the Al-La system is located near the point with local maximum for the λ.Δe criterion. A good agreement was found between the predictions of the λ.Δe criterion and literature data in the Al-La-Ni system, with the region of the best glass-forming ability (GFA) and largest supercooled liquid region (ΔT x ) coinciding with the best compositional region for amorphization indicated by the λ.Δe criterion. Four new glassy compositions were found in the Al-La-Ni system, with the best predicted composition presenting the best glass-forming ability observed so far for this system. Although the λ.Δe criterion needs further refinements for completely describe the glass-forming ability in the Al-La and Al-La-Ni systems, the results demonstrated that this criterion is a good tool to predict new glass-forming compositions.

Electric quadrupole moments of neutron-rich nuclei {sup 32}Al and {sup 31}Al

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kameda, D., E-mail: kameda@ribf.riken.jp; Ueno, H. [RIKEN Nishina Center (Japan); Asahi, K.; Nagae, D.; Takemura, M.; Shimada, K. [Tokyo Institute of Technology, Department of Physics (Japan); Yoshimi, A.; Nagatomo, T.; Sugimoto, T. [RIKEN Nishina Center (Japan); Uchida, M.; Arai, T.; Takase, K.; Suda, S.; Inoue, T. [Tokyo Institute of Technology, Department of Physics (Japan); Murata, J.; Kawamura, H. [Rikkyo University, Department of Physics (Japan); Watanabe, H. [Australian National University, Department of Nuclear Physics (Australia); Kobayashi, Y.; Ishihara, M. [RIKEN Nishina Center (Japan)

2007-11-15

The electric quadrupole moments for the ground states of {sup 32}Al and {sup 31}Al have been measured by the {beta} ray-detected nuclear quadrupole resonance method. Spin-polarized {sup 32}Al and {sup 31}Al nuclei were obtained from the fragmentation of {sup 40}Ar projectiles at E/A = 95 MeV/nucleon, and were implanted in a single crystal {alpha}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} stopper. The measured Q moment of {sup 32}Al, |Q({sup 32}Al)| = 24(2) mb, is in good agreement with a conventional shell-model calculation with a full sd model space and empirical effective charges, while that of {sup 31}Al is considerably smaller than the sd calculations.

The constitution of alloys in the Al-rich corner of the Al-Si-Sm ternary system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Markoli, B.; Spaic, S.; Zupanic, F.

2001-01-01

The constitution of alloys and the liquidus surface in the Al-rich corner of the Al-Si-Sm ternary system were determined by the examination of controlled heated and cooled specimens, as well as heat-treated specimens by means of optical and scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction. The Al-rich corner of the Al-Si-Sm ternary system comprises five regions of primary crystallisation (α Al , β Si , Al 3 Sm, Al 2 Si 2 Sm and AlSiSm) with following characteristic invariant reaction sequences: ternary eutectic reaction L → α Al + β Si + Al 2 Si 2 Sm, and two liquidus transition reactions, i. e., L + Al 3 Sm → α Al + AlSiSm, and L + AlSiSm → α Al + Al 2 Si 2 Sm. Along with the position of ternary eutectic and both interstitial points in the Al-rich corner of the Al-Si-Sm ternary system, the temperatures for each reaction were determined. (orig.)

Disordered crystal structure of 20H-AlON, Al10O3N8

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Banno, Hiroki; Funahashi, Shiro; Asaka, Toru; Hirosaki, Naoto; Fukuda, Koichiro

2015-01-01

The disordered crystal structure of 20H-AlON (Al 10 O 3 N 8 ) was determined by combined use of X-ray powder diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The title compound is hexagonal with space group P6 3 /mmc (Z=2) and the unit-cell dimensions are a=0.307082(5) nm, c=5.29447(8) nm and V=0.432376(12) nm 3 . The structural model showed the positional disordering of three of the six Al sites in the unit cell. The reliability indices calculated from the Rietveld method were R wp =6.97%, S (=R wp /R e )=1.68, R p =5.45%, R B =5.13% and R F =4.56%. We interpreted the disordered structure of 20H-AlON as a statistical average of six different types of ordered structural configurations, which are composed of an octahedral [Al(O, N) 6 ] layer and tetrahedral [Al(O, N) 4 ] layers. We demonstrated the high correlations between the hexagonal unit-cell dimensions and the octahedral layer concentrations for AlON and SiAlON polytypoids. - Graphical abstract: Variations of a and c/(n O +n T ) with n O /(n O +n T ). The a and c are the hexagonal unit-cell dimensions of AlON, SiAlON and AlN. The n O and n T are, respectively, the numbers of octahedral and tetrahedral layers in the unit cells. The unit-cell dimensions in literature are plotted in black plus for AlON and black cross for SiAlON. The unit-cell dimensions of AlN are a=0.3110 nm and c=0.4980 nm. - Highlights: • Crystal structure of Al10O3N8 is determined by laboratory X-ray powder diffraction. • The atom arrangements are represented by the split-atom model. • Six types of ordered atom arrangements are derived from the disordered structure. • Hexagonal unit-cell dimensions changed systematically for AlON and SiAlON compounds

Prinsip Pendidikan Karakter dalam Islam: Studi Komparasi Pemikiran Al-Ghazali dan Burhanuddin Al-Zarnuji

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Agus Setiawan

2014-06-01

Full Text Available The impelemtantion of character education that is done by the Indonesian government recently has been provoked by al-Ghazali and Burhanuddin al-Zarnuji long ago. It was proven by some written thoughts of al-Ghazali and Burhanuddin al-Zarnuji. They were very famous scientists in their era and widely welknown as educational experts who produced some phenomenal thoughts many people use today. Al-Ghazali and Burhanuddin al-Zarnuji lived in the era of Bani Abbasiyah monarchy, but Both of them lived in different era. Al-Ghazali was born first, then Burhanuddin al-Zarnuji. They had different mazhab, al-Ghazali went to the traditional principle of mazhab Syafi’I and Burhanuddin al-Zarnuji went to the modern principle of mazhab Hanafi. The differences, of course, would create a different thought. Still, they might have a similar principle of Islamic character education. The thoughts of character education of al-Ghazali have been poured in the “Ayyuha Walad” focusing to the students’ character building characterized by religiously obedient, skillfull of general and religious knowledge, socially helpful, affectionate, generous, good citizen, and coloring the society. Some applicable thoughts of character education of Ayyuha al-Walad of al-Gazhali to the contemporary education are: the balance of the happiness purposes of the recent life and the life after death, qana’ah and tawakal, affectionate, caring other, patience, honesty, philanthrophy, social works, generousity, democratic, peace makers, and patriotic. Those characters are also directed in the islamic character education nowdays. So that, the thoughts of al-Ghazali positively and responsively are absorbed by the Indonesian government to build the national character widely implementing in the national curriculum based on the local wisdom and the Islamic values. In the end, the students are able to live happily based on the Islamic rules by implementing the good behavior. Similar to the al

FRACTIONAL RECRYSTALLIZATION KINETICS IN DIRECTLY COLD ROLLED Al-Mg, Al-Mg-Sc AND Al-Mg-Sc-Zr ALLOY

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M. S. Kaiser

2014-12-01

Full Text Available The evaluation of texture as a function of recrystallization has been characterized for directly cold rolled Al-6Mg, Al-6Mg-0.4Sc and Al-6Mg-0.4Sc-0.2Zr alloys. Samples were annealed isothermally at 400 °C for 1 to 240 minutes to allow recrystallization. Recrystallization kinetics of the alloys is analyzed from the micro-hardness variation. Isothermally annealed samples of aluminum alloys were also studied using JMAK type analysis to see if there exists any correlation between the methods. Recrystallization fraction behavior between two methods the scandium added alloys show the higher variation due to precipitation hardening and higher recrystallization behavior. The scandium and zirconium as a combined shows the more variation due to formation of Al3(Sc, Zr precipitate. From the microstructure it is also observed that the base Al-Mg alloy attained almost fully re-crystallized state after annealing at 400 °C for 60 minutes

Chemical failure modes of AlQ3-based OLEDs: AlQ3 hydrolysis.

Science.gov (United States)

Knox, John E; Halls, Mathew D; Hratchian, Hrant P; Schlegel, H Bernhard

2006-03-28

Tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum(III), AlQ3, is used in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) as an electron-transport material and emitting layer. The reaction of AlQ3 with trace H2O has been implicated as a major failure pathway for AlQ3-based OLEDs. Hybrid density functional calculations have been carried out to characterize the hydrolysis of AlQ3. The thermochemical and atomistic details for this important reaction are reported for both the neutral and oxidized AlQ3/AlQ3+ systems. In support of experimental conclusions, the neutral hydrolysis reaction pathway is found to be a thermally activated process, having a classical barrier height of 24.2 kcal mol(-1). First-principles infrared and electronic absorption spectra are compared to further characterize AlQ3 and the hydrolysis pathway product, AlQ2OH. The activation energy for the cationic AlQ3 hydrolysis pathway is found to be 8.5 kcal mol(-1) lower than for the neutral reaction, which is significant since it suggests a role for charge imbalance in promoting chemical failure modes in OLED devices.

Study on Mg/Al Weld Seam Based on Zn–Mg–Al Ternary Alloy

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Liming Liu

2014-02-01

Full Text Available Based on the idea of alloying welding seams, a series of Zn–xAl filler metals was calculated and designed for joining Mg/Al dissimilar metals by gas tungsten arc (GTA welding. An infrared thermography system was used to measure the temperature of the welding pool during the welding process to investigate the solidification process. It was found that the mechanical properties of the welded joints were improved with the increasing of the Al content in the Zn–xAl filler metals, and when Zn–30Al was used as the filler metal, the ultimate tensile strength could reach a maximum of 120 MPa. The reason for the average tensile strength of the joint increasing was that the weak zone of the joint using Zn–30Al filler metal was generated primarily by α-Al instead of MgZn2. When Zn–40Al was used as the filler metal, a new transition zone, about 20 μm-wide, appeared in the edge of the fusion zone near the Mg base metal. Due to the transition zones consisting of MgZn2- and Al-based solid solution, the mechanical property of the joints was deteriorated.

Optical, structural, and nuclear scientific studies of AlGaN with high Al composition

Science.gov (United States)

Lin, Tse Yang; Chung, Yee Ling; Li, Lin; Yao, Shude; Lee, Y. C.; Feng, Zhe Chuan; Ferguson, Ian T.; Lu, Weijie

2010-08-01

AlGaN epilayers with higher Al-compositions were grown by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) on (0001) sapphire. Trimethylgallium (TMGa), trimethylaluminium (TMAl) and NH3 were used as the source precursors for Ga, Al, and N, respectively. A 25 nm AlN nucleation layer was first grown at low-temperature of 590 °C at 300 Torr. Followed, AlxGa1-xN layers were grown at 1080 °C on low-temperature AlN nucleation layers. The heterostructures were characterized by a series of techniques, including x-ray diffraction (XRD), Rutherford backscattering (RBS), photoluminescence (PL), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman scattering. Precise Al compositions were determined through XRD, RBS, and SEM combined measurements. Room Temperature Raman Scattering spectra shows three major bands from AlGaN alloys, which are AlN-like, A1 longitudinal optical (LO) phonon modes, and E2 transverse optical (TO) band, respectively, plus several peak comes from the substrate. Raman spectral line shape analysis lead to an optical determination of the electrical property free carrier concentration of AlGaN. The optical properties of AlGaN with high Al composition were presented here.

Ion-beam mixing and thermal annealing of Al--Nb and Al--Ta thin films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rai, A.K.; Bhattacharya, R.S.; Mendiratta, M.G.; Subramanian, P.R.; Dimiduk, D.M.

1988-01-01

Ion-beam mixing and thermal annealing of thin, alternating layers of Al and Nb, as well as Al and Ta, were investigated by selected area diffraction and Rutherford backscattering. The individual layer thicknesses were adjusted to obtain the overall compositions as Al 3 Nb and Al 3 Ta. The films were ion mixed with 1 MeV Au + ions at a dose of 1 x 10 16 ions cm/sup -2/ . Uniform mixing and amorphization were achieved for both Al--Nb and Al--Ta systems. Equilibrium crystalline Al 3 Nb and Al 3 Ta phases were formed after annealing of ion mixed amorphous films at 400 0 C for 6 h. Unmixed films, however, remained unreacted at 400 0 C for 1 h. Partial reaction was observed in the unmixed film of Al--Nb at 400 0 C for 6 h. After annealing at 500 0 C for 1 h, a complete reaction and formation of Al 3 Nb and Al 3 Ta phases in the respective films were observed. The influence of thermodynamics on the phase formation by ion mixing and thermal annealing is discussed

Effect of elevated Al and pH on the growth and root morphology of Al-tolerant and Al-sensitive wheat seedlings in an acid soil

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Md. Toufiq Iqbal

2014-03-01

Full Text Available Aluminium ion (Al3+ toxicity and hydrogen ion (H+ activity are the major constraints for plant growth in acid soil. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of pH and Al on the growth response and changes in root morphology of Al-tolerant (ET8 and Al-sensitive (ES8 wheat seedlings. Different levels of AlCl3 and CaCO3 were added to the soils to manipulate soil pH and extractable Al. The results showed that the bulk soil pH remained constant at pH 4.1 with further applications of AlCl3, and that the seedlings died at the 200 mg AlCl3/kg treatments. The ET8 seedlings responded better than the ES8 seedlings in both low and high Al and pH. The ET8 seedlings had higher root surface areas and root tip numbers than the ES8 seedlings in the Al treatment. In contrast, the ES8 had higher root diameters than the ET8 seedlings due to the elevated Al supply. Apoplast Al increased with the increase of soil available extractable Al, and declined with the decrease of soil extractable Al. The ET8 seedlings accumulated more Al in their apoplast than the ES8 seedlings. This study concluded that accumulation of Al in the apoplast is also involved in Al tolerance mechanism with the addition of organic acid exudation.

Information of “Nukhbat al-dahr fi ‘aja’ib al-barr wa-al-bahr” by ad-Dimashqi about the Turkic Tribes of Dasht-i Kipchak »

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Z.S. Ilyasova

2016-12-01

Full Text Available This article introduced into academic circulation information of such a historical source as “Nukhbat al-dahr fi ‘aja’ib al-barr wa-al-bahr” (Excerpts of Time on the Marvels of the Land and Sea on Kipchak clans and Turkic tribes of Dasht-i Kipchak. The material of the study is drawn from this source. Main scientific result of this work was the source’s translation into Russian accompanied by scientific comments. Sheikh Shams al-Din Abu Abdallah Muhammad Abu Talib al-Ansari al-Sufi al-Dimashqi was the author of this work. Some scholars have mistakenly confuse him with another chronicler named Shihab al-Din Ahmad ibn Yahya Ibn Fadlallah al-Omari al-Dimashqi. There is a widespread misconception that while writing on Kipchak clans and Turkic tribes al-Dimashqi used the data of such an author as Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Yahya al-Ansari al-Qutub al-Warraq al-Vatvat, also known as Ahmad al-Tini. After had studying the manuscripts of al-Tini and al-Dimashqi, we did not notice the connection between these two authors regarding their information about Kipchak clans and Turkic tribes of Dasht-i Kipchak. After had studying the information about Kipchak clans and Turkic tribes of Dasht-i Kipchak, we put forward the theory that 16 ethnonyms previously identified as Kipchak clans, are actually the etnonyms of eight Kipchak clans and eight Turkic tribes. The article also contains the extraction from “Nukhbat al-dahr fi ‘aja’ib al-barr wa-al-bahr” regarding the geography of Dasht-i Kipchak and the countries inhabited by the Turks. The following data are unique in this source: 1. The text describes such rivers as Ceyhun (Amu Darya, Seyhun (Syr Darya, Itil (Volga, as well as Khorezm and Khazar Seas (Aral and Caspian Seas. 2. Additionally, this text lists the following Turkic peoples: al-Kharlukhiya (Karluks, al-Khirgaziya (Kyrgyz, al-Kaymakiya (Kimaks, al-Guzziya (Oguz, al-Bazhanakiya (Pechenegs, al-Tuguzguziya (Uighurs, al-Khulkhiya (?, al

Studies on SiC(p) reinforced Al-Al sub 3 Ni eutectic matrix composites

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Masrom, A.K.; Foo, L.C.; Ismail, A.B.

1996-01-01

An investigation on processing of Al-5.69wt% Ni eutectic with SiC particulate composites is reported. The intermetallic composites are prepared by elemental powder metallurgy route and sintered at two different temperatures, i.e., 600 degree C and 620 degree C. Results show that the metal matrix was Al-Al sub 3 Ni eutectic. The phase analysis by XRD identified the presence of Al sub 3 Ni and Al as dominant phases together with silicon and Al sub 4 C sub 3 phase as minor phases. The Al sub 4 C sub 3 and Si phases are formed during sintering due to SiC-Al interface reaction. SEM micrographs also reveal the formation of microvoid surrounding the SiC particle

The constitution of alloys in the Al-rich corner of the Al-Si-Sm ternary system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Markoli, B.; Spaic, S. [Ljubljana Univ. (Slovenia). Faculty of Natural Science and Engineering; Zupanic, F. [Maribor Univ. (Slovenia). Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

2001-09-01

The constitution of alloys and the liquidus surface in the Al-rich corner of the Al-Si-Sm ternary system were determined by the examination of controlled heated and cooled specimens, as well as heat-treated specimens by means of optical and scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction. The Al-rich corner of the Al-Si-Sm ternary system comprises five regions of primary crystallisation ({alpha}{sub Al}, {beta}{sub Si}, Al{sub 3}Sm, Al{sub 2}Si{sub 2}Sm and AlSiSm) with following characteristic invariant reaction sequences: ternary eutectic reaction L {yields} {alpha}{sub Al} + {beta}{sub Si} + Al{sub 2}Si{sub 2}Sm, and two liquidus transition reactions, i. e., L + Al{sub 3}Sm {yields} {alpha}{sub Al} + AlSiSm, and L + AlSiSm {yields} {alpha}{sub Al} + Al{sub 2}Si{sub 2}Sm. Along with the position of ternary eutectic and both interstitial points in the Al-rich corner of the Al-Si-Sm ternary system, the temperatures for each reaction were determined. (orig.)

Electronic Structures and Bonding Properties of Ti2AlC and Ti3AlC2

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

MIN Xinmin; REN Yi

2007-01-01

The relation among electronic structure, chemical bond and property of Ti2AlC, Ti3AlC2 and doping Si into Ti2AlC was studied by density function and the discrete variation (DFT-DVM) method. After adding Si into Ti2AlC, the interaction between Si and Ti is weaker than that between Al and Ti, and the strengths of ionic and covalent bonds decrease both. The ionic and covalent bonds in Ti3AlC2, especially in Ti-Al, are stronger than those in Ti2AlC. Therefore, in synthesis of Ti2AlC, the addition of Si enhances the Ti3AlC2 content instead of Ti2AlC. The density of state (DOS) shows that there is mixed conductor characteristic in Ti2AlC and Ti3AlC2. The DOS of Ti3AlC2 is much like that of Ti2AlC. Ti2SixAl1-x C has more obvious tendency to form a semiconductor than Ti2AlC, which is seen from the obvious difference of partial DOS between Si and Al3p.

Pornographie als Metapher

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Caroline Schubarth

2010-02-01

Full Text Available In diesem Artikel werden unterschiedliche metaphorische Verwendungen des Pornografiebegriffs und deren Implikationen untersucht. Während die Existenz von Pornografie der feministischen Anti-Porno-Bewegung als Erklärung für die anhaltende Diskriminierung von Frauen in westlichen Gesellschaften dient, nutzen rechtskonservative Kräfte den Pornografievorwurf als Rechtfertigung für die Zensur von als deviant empfundenen Identitäten und sexuellen Praktiken.

Deletion of ALS5, ALS6 or ALS7 increases adhesion of Candida albicans to human vascular endothelial and buccal epithelial cells

OpenAIRE

ZHAO, XIAOMIN; OH, SOON-HWAN; HOYER, LOIS L.

2007-01-01

C. albicans yeast forms deleted for ALS5, ALS6 or ALS7 are more adherent than a relevant control strain to human vascular endothelial cell monolayers and buccal epithelial cells. In the buccal and vaginal reconstituted human epithelium (RHE) disease models, however, mutant and control strains caused a similar degree of tissue destruction. Deletion of ALS5 or ALS6 significantly slowed growth of the mutant strain; this phenotype was not affected by addition of excess uridine to the culture medi...

Alpha and beta stabilizer character of Al in Zr-Nb-Al alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Peruzzi Bardella, A.; Bolcich, J.C.

1987-01-01

The T β/α+β of Zr5Nb and Zr5Nb2Al (weight %) were determined in order to observe the alpha-stabilizer character of Al in ternary Zr-Nb-Al alloys. Techniques employed were change of resistivity with temperature in dynamic experiences, and metallography of samples quenched to room temperature after isothermal annealings. The T β/α+β of the ternary resulted 17 ± 8 deg C higher than that of the binary alloy. In addition, taking into account the results of previous investigations of the transformation of beta on quenching Zr-Nb-Al alloys from the beta field to room temperature, it is concluded that the beta-stabilizer character of Nb is stronger than the alpha-stabilizer character of Al in these Zr alloys, and that the Al can have important influence on the mechanical properties by the appearance of TRIP effect. (Author) [es

Insulator-semiconductor interface fixed charges in AlGaN/GaN metal-insulator-semiconductor devices with Al2O3 or AlTiO gate dielectrics

Science.gov (United States)

Le, Son Phuong; Nguyen, Duong Dai; Suzuki, Toshi-kazu

2018-01-01

We have investigated insulator-semiconductor interface fixed charges in AlGaN/GaN metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) devices with Al2O3 or AlTiO (an alloy of Al2O3 and TiO2) gate dielectrics obtained by atomic layer deposition on AlGaN. Analyzing insulator-thickness dependences of threshold voltages for the MIS devices, we evaluated positive interface fixed charges, whose density at the AlTiO/AlGaN interface is significantly lower than that at the Al2O3/AlGaN interface. This and a higher dielectric constant of AlTiO lead to rather shallower threshold voltages for the AlTiO gate dielectric than for Al2O3. The lower interface fixed charge density also leads to the fact that the two-dimensional electron concentration is a decreasing function of the insulator thickness for AlTiO, whereas being an increasing function for Al2O3. Moreover, we discuss the relationship between the interface fixed charges and interface states. From the conductance method, it is shown that the interface state densities are very similar at the Al2O3/AlGaN and AlTiO/AlGaN interfaces. Therefore, we consider that the lower AlTiO/AlGaN interface fixed charge density is not owing to electrons trapped at deep interface states compensating the positive fixed charges and can be attributed to a lower density of oxygen-related interface donors.

Effects of Al(III and Nano-Al13 Species on Malate Dehydrogenase Activity

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Rong Fu Chen

2011-05-01

Full Text Available The effects of different aluminum species on malate dehydrogenase (MDH activity were investigated by monitoring amperometric i-t curves for the oxidation of NADH at low overpotential using a functionalized multi-wall nanotube (MWNT modified glass carbon electrode (GCE. The results showed that Al(III and Al13 can activate the enzymatic activity of MDH, and the activation reaches maximum levels as the Al(III and Al13 concentration increase. Our study also found that the effects of Al(III and Al13 on the activity of MDH depended on the pH value and aluminum speciation. Electrochemical and circular dichroism spectra methods were applied to study the effects of nano-sized aluminum compounds on biomolecules.

Effects of Al(III) and nano-Al13 species on malate dehydrogenase activity.

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Xiaodi; Cai, Ling; Peng, Yu; Li, Huihui; Chen, Rong Fu; Shen, Ren Fang

2011-01-01

The effects of different aluminum species on malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activity were investigated by monitoring amperometric i-t curves for the oxidation of NADH at low overpotential using a functionalized multi-wall nanotube (MWNT) modified glass carbon electrode (GCE). The results showed that Al(III) and Al(13) can activate the enzymatic activity of MDH, and the activation reaches maximum levels as the Al(III) and Al(13) concentration increase. Our study also found that the effects of Al(III) and Al(13) on the activity of MDH depended on the pH value and aluminum speciation. Electrochemical and circular dichroism spectra methods were applied to study the effects of nano-sized aluminum compounds on biomolecules.

Fracture toughness of Ti-Al3Ti-Al-Al3Ti laminate composites under static and cyclic loading conditions

Science.gov (United States)

Patselov, A. M.; Gladkovskii, S. V.; Lavrikov, R. D.; Kamantsev, I. S.

2015-10-01

The static and cyclic fracture toughnesses of a Ti-Al3Ti-Al-Al3Ti laminate composite material containing at most 15 vol % intermetallic compound are studied. Composite specimens are prepared by terminating reaction sintering of titanium and aluminum foils under pressure. The fracture of the titanium layers is quasi-cleavage during cyclic crack growth and is ductile during subsequent static loading.

Data supporting Al-Abed et al., Environ. Sci.: Nano, 2016,

Data.gov (United States)

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency — Data files representing each of the Figures and Tables published in Al-Abed et al., Environ. Sci.: Nano, 2016, 3, 593. The data file names identify the Figure or...

Ti, Al

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

In the present study, authors report on the effect that substrate bias voltage has on the microstructure and mechanical properties of (Ti, Al)N hard coatings deposited with cathodic arc evaporation (CAE) technique. The coatings were deposited from a Ti0.5Al0.5 powder metallurgical target in a reactive nitrogen atmosphere at ...

Growth of CdTe: Al films; Crecimiento de peliculas de CdTe: Al

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gonzalez A, M.; Zapata T, M. [CICATA-IPN, 89600 Altamira, Tamaulipas (Mexico); Melendez L, M. [CINVESTAV-IPN, A.P. 14-740, 07000 Mexico D.F. (Mexico); Pena, J.L. [CINVESTAV-IPN, A.P. 73 Cordemex, 97310 Merida, Yucatan (Mexico)

2006-07-01

CdTe: AI films were grown by the close space vapor transport technique combined with free evaporation (CSVT-FE). The Aluminum (Al) evaporation was made by two kinds of sources: one made of graphite and the other of tantalum. The films were deposited on glass substrates. The Al source temperature was varied maintaining the CdTe source temperature fixed as well as the substrate temperature. The films were characterized by x-ray energy dispersive analysis (EDAX), x-ray diffraction and optical transmission. The results showed for the films grown with the graphite source for Al evaporation, the Al did not incorporate in the CdTe matrix, at least to the level of EDAX sensitivity; they maintained the same crystal structure and band gap. For the samples grown with the tantalum source, we were able to incorporate the Al. The x-ray diffraction patterns show that the films have a crystal structure that depends on Al concentration. They were cubic up to 2.16 at. % Al concentration; for 19.65 at. % we found a mixed phase; for Al concentration higher than 21 at. % the films were amorphous. For samples with cubic structure it was found that the lattice parameter decreases and the band gap increases with Al concentration. (Author)

First-principles study of L10 Ti-Al and V-Al alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chubb, S.R.; Papaconstantopoulos, D.A.; Klein, B.M.

1988-01-01

As a first step towards understanding the reduced embrittlement of L1 0 Ti-Al alloys which accompanies the introduction of small concentrations of V, we have determined from first principles, using full-potential linearized--augmented-plane-wave calculations, the equilibrium values of the structural parameters and the associated electronic structure for the stoichiometric (L1 0 ) Ti-Al (tetragonal) compound. Our calculated values of c/a and a are in good agreement with experiment. Using the same method of calculation, we have also studied the electronic structure associated with the (hypothetical) L1 0 V-Al alloy that would form when V is substituted for Ti. We find that (1) the electronic structures of these V-Al alloys are relatively insensitive to variations of c/a and a; (2) near the Ti-Al equilibrium geometry, the electronic structures of the V-Al and Ti-Al alloys are very similar; and (3) that a rigid-band model involving substitution of V for Ti can be used to gain a qualitative understanding of the reduction in c/a which accompanies the introduction of small concentrations of V. We relate the reduction in c/a to important changes in the bonding that accompany the occupation of bands immediately above the Fermi level of the stoichiometric Ti-Al compound

Kinetic studies of oxidation of MgAlON and a comparison of the oxidation behaviour of AlON, MgAlON, O'SiAlON-ZrO{sub 2}, and BN-ZCM ceramics

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wang Xidong; Seetharaman, S. [Div. of Metallurgy, Royal Inst. of Tech., Stockholm (Sweden); Li Wenchao [Dept. of Physical Chemistry, Univ. of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing, BJ (China)

2002-06-01

The kinetics and morphology of the oxidation process of magnesium-aluminium oxynitride (MgAlON), aluminium oxynitride (AlON), O'SiAlON-ZrO{sub 2}, and BN-ZCM have been studied in the temperature range 1373-1773 K (ZCM=30 wt% ZrO{sub 2}, 52 wt% Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} and 18 wt% 3 Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}.2 SiO{sub 2}). Oxidation experiments with powder and plate samples of the above materials have been carried out in air. MgAlON shows the best resistance to oxidation at lower temperatures (< 1473 K), whereas at higher temperatures ({proportional_to} 773 K), AlON shows the best resistance. O'SiAlON-ZrO{sub 2} shows very good oxidation resistance up to 1673 K. But its oxidation rate increases strongly above 1673 K, presumably due to the formation of liquid phase. BN-ZCM has the poorest oxidation resistance due to the evaporation of B{sub 2}O{sub 3}. The activation energies for the chemical oxidation reaction of AlON, MgAlON, and O'SiAlON-ZrO{sub 2} are 214, 330 and 260 kJ/mol, respectively. The overall diffusion activation energies for AlON, MgAlON, O'SiAlON-ZrO{sub 2} and BN-ZCM are 227, 573, 367 and 289 kJ/mol, respectively. (orig.)

Grain refining mechanism of Al-containing Mg alloys with the addition of Mn-Al alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Qin, Gaowu W.; Ren Yuping; Huang Wei; Li Song; Pei Wenli

2010-01-01

Graphical abstract: Display Omitted Research highlights: The ε-AlMn phase acts as the heterogeneous nucleus of α-Mg phase during the solidification of the AZ31 Mg alloy, not the γ-Al 8 Mn 5 phase. The grain refinement effect is very clear with the addition of only 0.5 wt% Mn-28Al alloy (pure ε-AlMn). The grain refinement does not deteriorate up to the holding time of 60 min at 740 o C. - Abstract: The effect of manganese on grain refinement of Al-containing AZ31 Mg alloy has been investigated by designing a series of Mn-Al alloys composed of either pure ε-AlMn, γ 2 -Al 8 Mn 5 or both of them using optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction. It is experimentally clarified that the grain refinement of the AZ31 Mg alloy is due to the existence of the ε-AlMn phase in the Mn-Al alloys, not the γ 2 -Al 8 Mn 5 phase. The grain size of AZ31 Mg alloy is about 91 μm without any addition of Mn-Al alloys, but remarkably decreases to ∼55 μm with the addition of either Mn-34 wt% Al or Mn-28 wt% Al. With a minor addition of 0.5 wt% Mn-28Al alloy, the grain size of AZ31 alloy decreases to ∼53 μm, and the Mn-28Al alloy can be active as grain refiner for holding time up to 60 min for the melt AZ31 alloy at 750 o C.

Ibn Qutayba en al-Andalus. La préface à I 'Adab al-Kātib dans le commentaire d'Ibn al-Sīd al-Baṭalyawsī

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Soravia, Bruna

2004-12-01

Full Text Available Ibn Qutayba's preface to his Adab al-kātib has been considered for centuries the most important section of this work and it has been the object of many commentaries, both in the Muslim East and West. This paper deals with Ibn al-Sīd al-Baṭalyawsī´s commentary al-Iqtiḍāb, trying to show the peculiar way in which Ibn al-Sīd develops his own critique of Ibn Qutayba's controversial thesis on the relation between orthodoxy, falsafa and kalām. At the same time, the Andalusi author works out his own conception of adab, deeply influenced by his biographical experience. Finally a full translation of Ibn Qutayba's preface is proposed, half a century after G. Lecomte's partial one.

El prefacio de Ibn Qutayba a su Adab al-Kātib ha sido considerado durante siglos como el fragmento más importante de su obra, y ha sido objeto de muchos comentarios, tanto orientales como occidentales. Este artículo trata del comentario que Ibn al-Sīd al-Baṭalyawsī hizo de ese texto de Ibn Qutayba, e intenta mostrar la forma peculiar en que Ibn al-Sīd desarrolla su propia crítica a la polémica tesis de Ibn Qutayba sobre la relación entre ortodoxia, falsafa y kalām. Al mismo tiempo, el autor andalusí elabora su propia concepción del adab, profundamente influida por su experiencia biográfica. Para concluir, se presenta una traducción completa del prefacio de Ibn Qutayba, medio siglo después de la parcial realizada por G. Lecomte.

Interview als Text vs. Interview als Interaktion

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Arnulf Deppermann

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Das Interview ist nach wie vor das beliebteste sozialwissenschaftliche Verfahren des Datengewinns. Ökonomie der Erhebung, Vergleichbarkeit und die Möglichkeit, Einsicht in Praxisbereiche und historisch-biografische Dimensionen zu erhalten, die der direkten Beobachtung kaum zugänglich sind, machen seine Attraktivität aus. Zugleich mehren sich Kritiken, die seine Leistungsfähigkeit problematisieren, indem sie auf die begrenzte Reichweite der Explikationsfähigkeiten der Befragten, die Reaktivität der Erhebung oder die Differenz zwischen Handeln und dem Bericht über Handeln verweisen. Im Beitrag wird zwischen Ansätzen, die das Interview als Text, und solchen, die es als Interaktion verstehen, unterschieden. Nach dem Text-Verständnis werden Interviews unter inhaltlichen Gesichtspunkten analysiert und als Zugang zu einer vorgängigen sozialen oder psychischen Wirklichkeit angesehen. Das Interaktions-Verständnis versteht Interviews dagegen als situierte Praxis, in welcher im Hier und Jetzt von InterviewerInnen und Befragten gemeinsam soziale Sinnstrukturen hergestellt werden. Anhand ubiquitärer Phänomene der Interviewinteraktion – Fragen, Antworten und die Selbstpositionierung von InterviewerInnen und Befragten – werden Praktiken des interaktiv-performativen Handelns im Interview dargestellt. Ihre Relevanz für die Interviewkonstitution und ihre Erkenntnispotenziale für die Interviewauswertung werden aufgezeigt. Es wird dafür plädiert, die interaktive Konstitutionsweise von Interviews empirisch zu erforschen und methodisch konsequent zu berücksichtigen. URN: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs1303131

Structure and phase composition of Al-Ce-Cu system alloys in range of quasi-binary Al-Al8CeCu4 section

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Belov, N.A.; Khvan, A.V.

2007-01-01

The phase diagram of the Al-Cu-Ce system in the quasibinary section area of Al-Al 8 CeCu 4 has been investigated by metallographic, thermal, micro-X-ray spectral and X-ray structural analyses. The parameters of the eutectic reaction L→(Al)+CeCu 4 Al 8 : T=610 Deg C were found out; the composition was 14% Cu and 7% Ce. This eutectics is of a disperse structure and the ternary compound contained is capable of fragmentation and spheroidizing in the heating process (starting from 540 Deg C). It was demonstrated that the area of optimal (Al)+CeCu 4 Al 8 eutectics-based alloy compositions was within the narrow limits. That is related to the fact that at a comparatively little variation of the Cu:Ce=2 ratio solidus sharply decreases and, as a result, the crystallization interval considerably extends [ru

Structural and electrical characterization of AuPtAlTi ohmic contacts to AlGaN/GaN with varying annealing temperature and Al content

OpenAIRE

Fay, Mike W.; Han, Y.; Brown, Paul D.; Harrison, Ian; Hilton, K.P.; Munday, A.; Wallis, D.; Balmer, R.S.; Uren, M.J.; Martin, T.

2008-01-01

The effect of varying annealing temperature and Al layer thickness on the structural and electrical characteristics of AuPtAlTi/AlGaN/GaN ohmic contact structures has been systematically investigated. The relationship between annealing temperature, Al content, interfacial microstructure, surface planarity and contact resistance is\\ud examined. In particular, the presence of a detrimental low temperature Pt-Al reaction is identified. This is implicated in both the requirement for a higher Al:T...

Grain refining mechanism of Al-containing Mg alloys with the addition of Mn-Al alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Qin, Gaowu W., E-mail: qingw@smm.neu.edu.c [Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), Northeastern University, Wenhu Road 3-11, Heping District, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province (China); Ren Yuping; Huang Wei; Li Song; Pei Wenli [Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), Northeastern University, Wenhu Road 3-11, Heping District, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province (China)

2010-10-08

Graphical abstract: Display Omitted Research highlights: The {epsilon}-AlMn phase acts as the heterogeneous nucleus of {alpha}-Mg phase during the solidification of the AZ31 Mg alloy, not the {gamma}-Al{sub 8}Mn{sub 5} phase. The grain refinement effect is very clear with the addition of only 0.5 wt% Mn-28Al alloy (pure {epsilon}-AlMn). The grain refinement does not deteriorate up to the holding time of 60 min at 740 {sup o}C. - Abstract: The effect of manganese on grain refinement of Al-containing AZ31 Mg alloy has been investigated by designing a series of Mn-Al alloys composed of either pure {epsilon}-AlMn, {gamma}{sub 2}-Al{sub 8}Mn{sub 5} or both of them using optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction. It is experimentally clarified that the grain refinement of the AZ31 Mg alloy is due to the existence of the {epsilon}-AlMn phase in the Mn-Al alloys, not the {gamma}{sub 2}-Al{sub 8}Mn{sub 5} phase. The grain size of AZ31 Mg alloy is about 91 {mu}m without any addition of Mn-Al alloys, but remarkably decreases to {approx}55 {mu}m with the addition of either Mn-34 wt% Al or Mn-28 wt% Al. With a minor addition of 0.5 wt% Mn-28Al alloy, the grain size of AZ31 alloy decreases to {approx}53 {mu}m, and the Mn-28Al alloy can be active as grain refiner for holding time up to 60 min for the melt AZ31 alloy at 750 {sup o}C.

AYAT-AYAT WAH}DAT AL-WUJUd dalam Kitab Tanbi>h al-Ma>shi Karya ‘Abdurrauf al-Sinkili

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Asep Nahrul Musadad

2015-08-01

Full Text Available Abstract: One of the key moments in discussing the history of Indonesian Islam is a polemic related to the negotiation on the doctrine of wahdat al-wujud that occured in Aceh in 17th century between the followers of Hamzah al-Fansuri and Nuruddin al-Raniri. This article focuses on analyzing several Qur’anic verses used by ‘Abdurrauf as the confirmation of his argument. In the polemical context, Abdurrauf al-Sinkili appeared to be an actor of reconciliation between two opposite sides. He tried to respond to the disputed issues through his book called “Tanbi>h al-Mashi”. As an exponent of the so-called moderate sufism (mysticism, he built the argument concerning wah}dat al-wujud based on the Quranic text. After making a thematic classification chronologically, his interpretation on these verses is analyzed by using Hussain al-Dhahaby’s theory of sufistic exegesis. In conclusion, it shows that ‘Abdurrauf’s commentary is “sufi-nazari type”, featured by his exegeses pattern. This, of course, represents his attitude as a reconciler who then needs to seek confirmation to the Qur’anic verses in evaluating wah}dat al-wujud doctrine, through which such a polemical issues occurred at that time. الملخص: إن من المرحلة الأساسية التي مرّ بها تاريخ الإسلام في اندونيسيا الجدل و النزاع حول عقيدة وحدة الوجود فى أتشيه (Aceh حول قرن السابع عشر بين أتباع حمزة الفنسوري و نور الدين الرانيري. ففي ذلك الخطاب النزاعي جاء عبد الرؤوف السنكيلي مصلحا بين الجانبين المعاكسين. وعلى مقتضى الظروف، كتب كتاب " تنبيه الماشي" الذي تطرّق فيه طريق التوسّط، ممثّلا للتصوّف المعتدل. اعتمد عبد الرؤوف على النصوص القرآنية فى تحقيق آراءه حول ت

Reviewing Medical Education in KamelAl-Senaat Al-Tebieh

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Shahla Moradi

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Background and Objective: Among the human sciences, medicine is superior to all other sciences. One of the effective factors in education, especially in medical education is using appropriate textbooks. This study aims to consider a classic book of medical education and find its relevance to modern medicine. Materials and Methods: Reviewing and analyzing parts of Kamel Al-Senaat Al-Tebieh medical textbook. Results: This book has about four hundred thousand words and it was divided into twenty articles, each consisting of several chapters, first ten topics of which are about theoretical medicine, and others are information related to practical medicine. Conclusion: One of the most important obligations of every nation is to protect and preserve written and unwritten cultural and scientific resources Kamel Al-Senaat Al-Tebieh was written in one of the glorious periods of Iranian Medical History by Ali Ibn Abbas. It has a dignified position because of its recording method. This method is one of the best methods that is used after Ahvazi. Even today it is a valuable source of medical education.

Density and atomic volume in liquid Al-Fe and Al-Ni binary alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Plevachuk, Yu. [Ivan Franko National Univ., Lviv (Ukraine). Dept. of Metal Physics; Egry, I.; Brillo, J.; Holland-Moritz, D. [Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt, Koeln (Germany). Inst. fuer Raumsimulation; Kaban, I. [Chemnitz Univ. of Technolgy (Germany). Inst. of Physics

2007-02-15

The density of liquid Al-Fe and Al-Ni binary alloys have been determined over a wide temperature range by a noncontact technique combining electromagnetic levitation and optical dilatometry. The temperature and composition dependences of the density are analysed. A negative excess volume correlates with the negative enthalpy of mixing, compound forming ability and chemical short-range ordering in liquid Al-Fe and Al-Ni alloys. (orig.)

USO DA PGF2? NO PUERPÉRIO PARA REDUZIR O ANESTRO PÓS-PARTO DE CABRAS EM ALEITAMENTO CONTÍNUO E CONTROLADO USE OF PGF2? ON THE PUERPERIO TO REDUCE THE POS-PARTUM ANESTROUS OF CONTINUOS OR CONTROLLED SUCKLING GOATS

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Paulo Fernandes Lima

2008-07-01

Full Text Available

Objetivou-se estudar os efeitos da administração da PGF2α sobre o período de anestro pós-parto de oitenta cabras, em aleitamento contínuo ou controlado, criadas em sistema semi-extensivo com acesso à água e sal mineral ad libitum. As fêmeas, com idade entre dois e seis anos, foram aleatoriamente distribuídas em três grupos experimentais (GI, GII, GIII. As do GI (n = 30 receberam, na musculatura vulvar, 250µg de PGF2α no 6^o e 12^o dias após o parto. As do GII (n = 30 foram tratadas, pela mesma via e com a mesma dose de PGF2α, no 6^o, 7^o, 8^o, 9^o e 10^o dias do pós-parto, e as do GIII (n = 20 serviram como controle. Realizou-se a detecção do estro por rufião com auxílio de pessoal habilitado e efetuaram-se as coberturas com reprodutores de fertilidade comprovada. Analisaram-se os dados através da ANOVA e do cálculo do erro-padrão da diferença entre proporções. Não se verificou diferença (P > 0,05 das porcentagens de estro entre os três grupos experimentais; todavia, a duração média do anestro pós-parto foi significativamente reduzida (P < 0,05 nos animais tratados com PGF2α. Houve redução significativa (P < 0,05 do anestro pós-parto das fêmeas em aleitamento controlado. Não se registrou diferença (P > 0,05 nas porcentagens de prenhez entre os diferentes grupos. Os dados obtidos permitem concluir que a administração da PGF2α no início do puerpério é eficiente para reduzir o período de anestro pós-parto, especialmente nas fêmeas em aleitamento controlado; contudo, não exerce influência sobre a fertilidade de cabras SRD com aptidão para produção de carne.

PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Caprino, estro, prostaglandina, puerpério.