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Sample records for ca sc ti

  1. Enhanced Energy-Storage Density and High Efficiency of Lead-Free CaTiO3-BiScO3 Linear Dielectric Ceramics.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Luo, Bingcheng; Wang, Xiaohui; Tian, Enke; Song, Hongzhou; Wang, Hongxian; Li, Longtu

    2017-06-14

    A novel lead-free (1 - x)CaTiO 3 -xBiScO 3 linear dielectric ceramic with enhanced energy-storage density was fabricated. With the composition of BiScO 3 increasing, the dielectric constant of (1 - x)CaTiO 3 -xBiScO 3 ceramics first increased and then decreased after the composition x > 0.1, while the dielectric loss decreased first and increased. For the composition x = 0.1, the polarization was increased into 12.36 μC/cm 2 , 4.6 times higher than that of the pure CaTiO 3 . The energy density of 0.9CaTiO 3 -0.1BiScO 3 ceramic was 1.55 J/cm 3 with the energy-storage efficiency of 90.4% at the breakdown strength of 270 kV/cm, and the power density was 1.79 MW/cm 3 . Comparison with other lead-free dielectric ceramics confirmed the superior potential of CaTiO 3 -BiScO 3 ceramics for the design of ceramics capacitors for energy-storage applications. First-principles calculations revealed that Sc subsitution of Ti-site induced the atomic displacement of Ti ions in the whole crystal lattice, and lattice expansion was caused by variation of the bond angles and lenghths. Strong hybridization between O 2p and Ti 3d was observed in both valence band and conduction band; the hybridization between O 2p and Sc 3d at high conduction band was found to enlarge the band gap, and the static dielectric tensors were increased, which was the essential for the enhancement of polarization and dielectric properties.

  2. Topotactic oxidation pathway of ScTiO3 and high-temperature structure evolution of ScTiO3.5 and Sc4Ti3O12-type phases.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shafi, Shahid P; Hernden, Bradley C; Cranswick, Lachlan M D; Hansen, Thomas C; Bieringer, Mario

    2012-02-06

    The novel oxide defect fluorite phase ScTiO(3.5) is formed during the topotactic oxidation of ScTiO(3) bixbyite. We report the oxidation pathway of ScTiO(3) and structure evolution of ScTiO(3.5), Sc(4)Ti(3)O(12), and related scandium-deficient phases as well as high-temperature phase transitions between room temperature and 1300 °Cusing in-situ X-ray diffraction. We provide the first detailed powder neutron diffraction study for ScTiO(3). ScTiO(3) crystallizes in the cubic bixbyite structure in space group Ia3 (206) with a = 9.7099(4) Å. The topotactic oxidation product ScTiO(3.5) crystallizes in an oxide defect fluorite structure in space group Fm3m (225) with a = 4.89199(5) Å. Thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis experiments combined with in-situ X-ray powder diffraction studies illustrate a complex sequence of a topotactic oxidation pathway, phase segregation, and ion ordering at high temperatures. The optimized bulk synthesis for phase pure ScTiO(3.5) is presented. In contrast to the vanadium-based defect fluorite phases AVO(3.5+x) (A = Sc, In) the novel titanium analogue ScTiO(3.5) is stable over a wide temperature range. Above 950 °C ScTiO(3.5) undergoes decomposition with the final products being Sc(4)Ti(3)O(12) and TiO(2). Simultaneous Rietveld refinements against powder X-ray and neutron diffraction data showed that Sc(4)Ti(3)O(12) also exists in the defect fluorite structure in space group Fm3m (225) with a = 4.90077(4) Å. Sc(4)Ti(3)O(12) undergoes partial reduction in CO/Ar atmosphere to form Sc(4)Ti(3)O(11.69(2)).

  3. β decay and isomeric properties of neutron-rich Ca and Sc isotopes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Crawford, H. L.; Mantica, P. F.; Berryman, J. S.; Stoker, J. B.; Janssens, R. V. F.; Carpenter, M. P.; Kay, B. P.; Lauritsen, T.; Zhu, S.; Broda, R.; Cieplicka, N.; Fornal, B.; Grinyer, G. F.; Minamisono, K.; Hoteling, N.; Stefanescu, I.; Walters, W. B.

    2010-01-01

    The isomeric and β-decay properties of neutron-rich 53-57 Sc and 53,54 Ca nuclei near neutron number N=32 are reported, and the low-energy level schemes of 53,54,56 Sc and 53-57 Ti are presented. The low-energy level structures of the 21 Sc isotopes are discussed in terms of the coupling of the valence 1f 7/2 proton to states in the corresponding 20 Ca cores. Implications with respect to the robustness of the N=32 subshell closure are discussed, as well as the repercussions for a possible N=34 subshell closure.

  4. Synthesis and Isolation of the Titanium-Scandium Endohedral Fullerenes-Sc2 TiC@Ih -C80 , Sc2 TiC@D5h -C80 and Sc2 TiC2 @Ih -C80 : Metal Size Tuning of the Ti(IV) /Ti(III) Redox Potentials.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Junghans, Katrin; Ghiassi, Kamran B; Samoylova, Nataliya A; Deng, Qingming; Rosenkranz, Marco; Olmstead, Marilyn M; Balch, Alan L; Popov, Alexey A

    2016-09-05

    The formation of endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs) in an electric arc is reported for the mixed-metal Sc-Ti system utilizing methane as a reactive gas. Comparison of these results with those from the Sc/CH4 and Ti/CH4 systems as well as syntheses without methane revealed a strong mutual influence of all key components on the product distribution. Whereas a methane atmosphere alone suppresses the formation of empty cage fullerenes, the Ti/CH4 system forms mainly empty cage fullerenes. In contrast, the main fullerene products in the Sc/CH4 system are Sc4 C2 @C80 (the most abundant EMF from this synthesis), Sc3 C2 @C80 , isomers of Sc2 C2 @C82 , and the family Sc2 C2 n (2 n=74, 76, 82, 86, 90, etc.), as well as Sc3 CH@C80 . The Sc-Ti/CH4 system produces the mixed-metal Sc2 TiC@C2 n (2 n=68, 78, 80) and Sc2 TiC2 @C2 n (2 n=80) clusterfullerene families. The molecular structures of the new, transition-metal-containing endohedral fullerenes, Sc2 TiC@Ih -C80 , Sc2 TiC@D5h -C80 , and Sc2 TiC2 @Ih -C80 , were characterized by NMR spectroscopy. The structure of Sc2 TiC@Ih -C80 was also determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, which demonstrated the presence of a short Ti=C double bond. Both Sc2 TiC- and Sc2 TiC2 -containing clusterfullerenes have Ti-localized LUMOs. Encapsulation of the redox-active Ti ion inside the fullerene cage enables analysis of the cluster-cage strain in the endohedral fullerenes through electrochemical measurements. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

  5. Enrichment of Sc{sub 2}O{sub 3} and TiO{sub 2} from bauxite ore residues

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Deng, Bona; Li, Guanghui, E-mail: liguangh@csu.edu.cn; Luo, Jun; Ye, Qing; Liu, Mingxia; Peng, Zhiwei; Jiang, Tao

    2017-06-05

    Highlights: • Sc{sub 2}O{sub 3} and TiO{sub 2} from bauxite ore residue were successfully enriched. • H{sub 3}PO{sub 4} and NaOH were efficient for enriching Sc{sub 2}O{sub 3} and TiO{sub 2} by removing SiO{sub 2}, Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}, and partial Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3} and CaO. • Enriching mechanism of Sc{sub 2}O{sub 3} and TiO{sub 2} was explicitly explained. - Abstract: As a major byproduct generated in the alumina industry, bauxite ore residue is an important reserve of scandium and titanium. In this study, the feasibility and mechanism of enriching Sc{sub 2}O{sub 3} and TiO{sub 2} from a non-magnetic material, which was obtained from carbothermal reductive roasting and magnetic separation of bauxite ore residue, were investigated based on a two-step (acidic and alkali) leaching process. It was revealed that approximately 78% SiO{sub 2} and 30–40% of CaO, FeO and Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} were removed from a non-magnetic material with 0.0134 wt.% Sc{sub 2}O{sub 3} and 7.64 wt.% TiO{sub 2} by phosphoric acidic leaching, while about 95% Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} and P{sub 2}O{sub 5} were further leached by subsequent sodium hydroxide leaching of the upper-stream leach residue. A Sc{sub 2}O{sub 3}-, TiO{sub 2}- rich material containing 0.044 wt.% Sc{sub 2}O{sub 3} and 25.5 wt.% TiO{sub 2} was obtained, the recovery and the enrichment factor of Sc{sub 2}O{sub 3} and TiO{sub 2} were about 85% and 5, respectively. The enrichment of Sc{sub 2}O{sub 3} was attributed to higher pH (>3.3) of phosphoric acid solution than its dissolution pH{sup 0}, and the enrichment of TiO{sub 2} was mainly associated with the insoluble perovskite (CaTiO{sub 3}) in the acidic solution at ambient temperature. As Sc{sub 2}O{sub 3} and TiO{sub 2} cannot be dissolved in the alkali solution, they were further enriched in the leach residue.

  6. The cross section measurement for the reactions of 48,46Ti(n,p) 48,46Sc, 50Ti(n, α)47Ca and 58Ni (n, 2n)57Ni, 58Ni(n,p)58m+gCo

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yuan Junqian; Wang Yongchang; Kong Xiangzhong; Yang Jingkang

    1992-01-01

    The cross sections for the 50 Ti(n, α) 47 Ca, 46 Ti(n, p) 46 Sc, 48 Ti(n, p) 48 Sc and 58 Ni(n, 2n) 57 Ni, 58 Ni(n, p) 58m+g Co reactions have been measured by using the activation method relative to the cross sections of the 27 Al(n, α) 24 Na reaction in the neutron energy range of 13.50-14.81 MeV. The neutron energies were determined by the cross section ratios of the 90 Zr(n, 2n) 89m+g Zr and 93 Nb(n, 2n) 92m Nb reactions. The results obtained are compared with the published and to be published data of several authors

  7. Photoionization study of Ne-like K9+, Ca10+, Sc11+, Ti12+, V13+, Cr14+, Mn15+, and Fe16+ ions using the screening constant by unit nuclear charge method

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Goyal, Arun; Khatri, Indu; Sow, Malick; Sakho, Ibrahima; Aggarwal, Sunny; Singh, A.K.; Mohan, Man

    2016-01-01

    Photoionization of the 2s 2 2p 6 ( 1 S 0 ) ground state of the Ne-like (Z=19–29) ions is presented in this paper. Resonance energies and total natural width of the 2s2p 6 np 1 P series of the Ne-like K 9+ , Ca 10+ , Sc 11+ , Ti 12+ , V 13+ , Cr 14+ , Mn 15+ , and Fe 16+ are reported. All the calculations are made using the Screening constant by unit nuclear charge (SCUNC) formalism. New data for Ne-like K 9+ , Sc 11+ , Ti 12+ , V 13+ , Cr 14+ , and Mn 15+ ions are tabulated. Good agreements are found with available literature data. - Highlights: • Photoionization of ground state of the Ne-like (Z=19–29) presented. • good agreements with scarce literature data. • New data for Ne-like K 9+ , Sc 11+ , Ti 12+ , V 13+ , Cr 14+ , and Mn 15+ ions. • Useful guidelines for application in laboratory, astrophysics, and plasma physics.

  8. Level densities and γ strength functions in light Sc and Ti isotopes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Burger, A.; Larsen, A.C.; Syed, N.U.H.; Guttormsen, M.; Nyhus, H.; Siem, S.; Harissopulos, S.; Konstantinopoulos, T.; Lagoyannis, A.; Perdidakis, G.; Spyrou, A.; Kmiecik, M.; Mazurek, K.; Krticka, M.; Loennroth, T.; Norby, M.; Voinov, A.

    2010-01-01

    We present preliminary results from a measurement of nuclear level densities and the γ-ray strength of light Sc (Sc 43 , Sc 45 ) and Ti (Ti 44 , Ti 45 and Ti 46 ) isotopes using the Oslo Method. The article begins with a presentation of the experimental setup. (authors)

  9. Enhanced hardness in epitaxial TiAlScN alloy thin films and rocksalt TiN/(Al,Sc)N superlattices

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Saha, Bivas [School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 (United States); Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 (United States); Lawrence, Samantha K.; Bahr, David F. [School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 (United States); Schroeder, Jeremy L.; Birch, Jens [Thin Film Physics Division, Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping (Sweden); Sands, Timothy D. [School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 (United States); Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 (United States); School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 (United States)

    2014-10-13

    High hardness TiAlN alloys for wear-resistant coatings exhibit limited lifetimes at elevated temperatures due to a cubic-AlN to hexagonal-AlN phase transformation that leads to decreasing hardness. We enhance the hardness (up to 46 GPa) and maximum operating temperature (up to 1050 °C) of TiAlN-based coatings by alloying with scandium nitride to form both an epitaxial TiAlScN alloy film and epitaxial rocksalt TiN/(Al,Sc)N superlattices on MgO substrates. The superlattice hardness increases with decreasing period thickness, which is understood by the Orowan bowing mechanism of the confined layer slip model. These results make them worthy of additional research for industrial coating applications.

  10. Quasi-elastic transfer and charge-exchange reactions in collisions of 48Ti on 42Ca and 26Mg

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Brendel, C.

    1985-01-01

    At the GSI magnetic spectrometer quasi-elastic transfer and charge-exchange reactions of the system 48 Ti + 42 Ca at incident energies E lab = 240, 300, and 385 MeV and additionally at the higher projectile energy the system 48 Ti + 26 Mg were studied each in the excitation energy range up to E x ≅ 80 MeV. The transition strength was for each particle-hole configuration of the final system calculated by means of the DWBA and subsequently folded with a Breit-Wigner distribution. The localization of the strength of the cross section and the specific structure of the energy spectra were at incident energies between 6 and 8 MeV/amu for all angles well reproduced. By an extension of the core-excitation model to many-stage reactions the charge-exchange reaction 48 Ti + 42 Ca → 48 Sc + 42 Sc could be described as sequential two-stage process. In the two-neutron stripping reaction 48 Ti + 42 Ca → 46 Ti + 44 Ca a surprisingly narrow line with a width of the experimental resolution and an excitation energy of E x = 17.8 MeV was measured at angles smaller than the grazing angle. In the 48 Ti + 26 Mg system the corresponding 46 Ti spectra show also under forward angles structures at excitation energies between 8 and 16 MeV. These lines can be explained as two-neutron states with high spin. (orig./HSI) [de

  11. Investigating the local structure of B-site cations in (1-x)BaTiO3-xBiScO3 and (1-x)PbTiO3-xBiScO3 using X-ray absorption spectroscopy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Blanchard, Peter E. R.; Grosvenor, Andrew P.

    2018-05-01

    The structural properties of (1-x)BaTiO3-xBiScO3 and (1-x)PbTiO3-xBiScO3 were investigated using powder X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Diffraction measurements confirmed that substituting small amounts of BiScO3 into BaTiO3 initially stabilizes a cubic phase at x = 0.2 before impurity phases begin to form at x = 0.5. BiScO3 substitution also resulted in noticeable changes in the local coordination environment of Ti4+. X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) analysis showed that replacing Ti4+ with Sc3+ results in an increase in the off-centre displacement of Ti4+ cations. Surprisingly, BiScO3 substitution has no effect on the displacement of the Ti4+ cation in the (1-x)PbTiO3-xBiScO3 solid solution.

  12. Magnetic properties of Sc{sub x}Ti{sub 1-x}Fe{sub 2}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kessler, M. [Lab. de Cristallographie, CNRS, 38 - Grenoble (France); Deportes, J. [Lab. Louis Neel, CNRS, 38 - Grenoble (France); Ouladdiaf, B. [Institut Laue-Langevin, 38 - Grenoble (France); Sayetat, F. [Lab. de Cristallographie, CNRS, 38 - Grenoble (France)

    1995-02-09

    The magnetic properties and their thermal dependences of Sc{sub 0.1}Ti{sub 0.9}Fe{sub 1.96}, Sc{sub 0.1}Ti{sub 0.9}Fe{sub 2} and Sc{sub 0.1}Ti{sub 0.9}Fe{sub 2.04} are compared with those of TiFe{sub 2}. The substitution changes the iron-iron distances. Consequently, the Fe atoms on the 6h site show in addition to the antiferromagnetic component a small ferromagnetic one, and a weak magnetic moment appears on the 2a site. ((orig.)).

  13. Characteristics of laser clad α-Ti/TiC+(Ti,W)C1-x/Ti2SC+TiS composite coatings on TA2 titanium alloy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhai, Yong-Jie; Liu, Xiu-Bo; Qiao, Shi-Jie; Wang, Ming-Di; Lu, Xiao-Long; Wang, Yong-Guang; Chen, Yao; Ying, Li-Xia

    2017-03-01

    TiC reinforced Ti matrix composite coating with Ti2SC/TiS lubricant phases in-situ synthesized were prepared on TA2 titanium alloy by laser cladding with different powder mixtures: 40%Ti-19.5%TiC-40.5%WS2, 40%Ti-25.2%TiC-34.8%WS2, 40%Ti-29.4%TiC-30.6%WS2 (wt%). The phase compositions, microstructure, microhardness and tribological behaviors and wear mechanisms of coatings were investigated systematically. Results indicate that the main phase compositions of three coatings are all continuous matrix α-Ti, reinforced phases of (Ti,W)C1-x and TiC, lubricant phases of Ti2SC and TiS. The microhardness of the three different coatings are 927.1 HV0.5, 1007.5 HV0.5 and 1052.3 HV0.5, respectively. Compared with the TA2 titanium alloy (approximately 180 HV0.5), the microhardness of coatings have been improved dramatically. The coefficients of friction and the wear rates of those coatings are 0.41 and 30.98×10-5 mm3 N-1 m-1, 0.30 and 18.92×10-5 mm3 N-1 m-1, 0.34 and 15.98×10-5 mm3 N-1 m-1, respectively. Comparatively speaking, the coating fabricated with the powder mixtures of 40%Ti-25.2%TiC-34.8%WS2 presents superior friction reduction and anti-wear properties and the main wear mechanisms of that are slight plastic deformation and adhesive wear.

  14. Study of positive parity levels in 41Ca and 41Sc: electromagnetic deexcitation of the 3/2 isospin states

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fortier, Simone.

    1976-01-01

    The γ-decay of T=3/2 states in 41 Ca has been investigated by means of the 42 Ca( 3 He,αγ) 41 Ca reaction. Angular correlation measurements have been performed for γ-rays in coincidence with α particles emitted near 0 deg, and branching ratios extracted. The lowest T=3/2 level in 41 Sc (E=5,94MeV) has been excited as a resonance in the 40 Ca(p,γ) 41 Sc reaction, and radiative widths of γ-transitions were measured. The γ decay of the first T=3/2 level in 41 Sc is found to be quite similar to the one measured for the analog level in 41 Ca (E=5,92MeV), as it could be expected from corresponding ΔT=1 transitions in mirror nuclei. The M1 strengths are also compared with the ft values of β + transitions from the 41 Ti ground state. The orbital momentum part of the M1 operator is found to be important for three couples of γ-transition in 41 Ca and 41 Sc. These results suggest that the antianalog configuration could be in the ) 72.01-2.10MeV{ levels whereas the core-excited configurations (2 particles in the f7/2 shell coupled to J=1 and T=0 in the 74.09-4.25MeV{ levels and 74.73-4.77MeV{ levels. Experimental results are finally compared with the predictions of a shell model calculation performed for positive parity levels in A=41 nuclei, with 2 or 4 particles in the 1f7/2 shell and 1 or 3 holes in the 1d3/2 and 2s1/2 shells. )] [fr

  15. Isospin excitation of nucleus in 42,44,48Ca (p,n)42,44,48Sc

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Suzuki, Keiji

    2002-01-01

    To obtain information of (p,n) reaction of heavy nucleus in 100 MeV or less, 42,44,48 Ca(p,n) 42,44,48 Sc was observed on the Cyclotron Radio Isotope Center in Tohoku University. The experimental results showed that 7, 8 and 10 spin parities were determined for 42 Sc, 44 Sc and 48 SC, respectively. It was the first determination of one and two negative parity transition of 42 Sc and 48 Sc,respectively, by (p,n) reaction. The full space wave function made by 0f1p shell effective interaction by Richter,et al is good accuracy and reliability. On the (p,n) reaction at E p =35 MeV, the transition matrix elements of 42 Ca, 44 Ca and 48 Ca were derived. On the experiment of 42 Ca(p,n) 42 Sc at E p 2 on energy was agreed with the calculation results by Franey and Love. The nuclear structure of 42 Ca was thought to show more stronger U(4) symmetry, because strong GT transition at T=1 was not observed, which was expected by j-j bonding shell model calculation. (S.Y.)

  16. Structure determinations for Ca3Ti2O7, Ca4Ti3O10, Ca3.6Sr0.4Ti3O10 and a refinement of Sr3Ti2O7

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Elcombe, M.M.; Kisi, E.H.; Hawkins, K.D.; White, T.J.; Goodman, P.; Matheson, S.

    1991-01-01

    The structures of the orthorhombic Ruddlesden-Popper (A n+1 B n X 3n+1 ) phases Ca 3 Ti 2 O 7 (n=2) refined from neutron powder diffraction data at λ=1.893 A. They consist of coherent intergrowths of perovskite (CaTiO 3 ) blocks, n TiO 6 octahedra thick, with single layers of CaO having a distorted NaCl configuration. TiO 6 octahedra are tilted and distorted in a very similar fashion to those in CaTiO 3 (n=∞). This fact was used to determine the space groups of the layered structures. Convergent-beam electron diffraction patterns are best matched by calculations in the above space groups which are thus confirmed. Octahedral tilt angles increase slightly in the sequence n=2, 3, ∞. Strontium addition reduces the octahedral tilt angles because of preferential substitution of Sr on the Ca sites within the perovskite blocks of Ca 4 Ti 3 O 10 . The algorithm used to produce starting models for structure refinements is thought to be generally applicable to Ruddlesden-Popper and possibly other layered perovskite structures. It furnishes the predictions: (a) all n-even compounds in the Ca n+1 Ti n O 3n+1 series will have space group Ccm2 1 , (b) all n-odd compounds in this series will have space group Pcab, (c) all A n+1 B n X 3n+1 series for which the n=∞ end member (ABX 3 ) is isostructural with CaTiO 3 will be isostructural with the compounds reported above (e.g. Ca n+1 Zr n O 3n+1 ). (orig./WL)

  17. Valence electron structure analysis of refining mecha-nism of Sc and Ti additions on aluminum

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    LI PieJie; YE YiCong; HE LiangJu

    2009-01-01

    The mechanism of the difference of refining effect between Sc and Ti adding to aluminum can not be explained substantially with traditional theory. Valence electron structures of AI-Ti and Al-Sc alloys have been studied by using the empirical electron theory of solids and molecules (EET). The covalent bond electron numbers and interfacial electron density differences are calculated. The conclusion is that, in the two alloys, different covalent bond electron numbers of nucleation particles, and different electron densities on the interface between the second phase particles and the matrix, fundamentally lead to the difference of refining effect between Sc and Ti adding to aluminum.

  18. Cyclotron production of {sup 44}Sc for clinical application

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Krajewski, S.; Bilewicz, A. [Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw (Poland); Cydzik, I. [Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw (Poland); European Commission Joint Research Center, Ispra (Italy). Inst. for Health and Consumer Protection; Warsaw Univ. (Poland). Heavy Ion Lab.; Abbas, K. [European Commission Joint Research Center, Ispra (Italy). Institute for Transuranium Elements; Bulgheroni, A.; Simonelli, F.; Holzwarth, U. [European Commission Joint Research Center, Ispra (Italy). Inst. for Health and Consumer Protection

    2013-08-01

    {sup 44} is a promising {beta}{sup +}-emitter for molecular imaging with intermediate half-life of 4 h. Due to the chemical similarity of Sc{sup 3+} to the Lu{sup 3+} and Y{sup 3+} cations, {sup 44}Sc-DOTA bioconjugates are expected to demonstrate similar properties in vivo as the {sup 177}Lu- and {sup 90}Y-bioconjugates, what is important in planning the radionuclide therapy. {sup 44}Sc can be obtained from the {sup 44}Ti/{sup 44}Sc generator. An alternative method for {sup 44}Sc production can be the irradiation of {sup 44}Ca target at small cyclotrons. The aim of our work was to optimize the parameters of {sup 44}CaCO{sub 3} irradiation and to develop a simple procedure for {sup 44}Sc separation from the calcium target. For optimization study, {sup 44}CaCO{sub 3} targets were irradiated by protons in the energy range of 5.6-17.5 MeV with 9 MeV being found to be the best energy for {sup 44}Ca irradiations. A simple and fast separation procedure of {sup 44}Sc from calcium target was developed using chelating resin Chelex 100. DOTATATE conjugate was successfully radiolabelled with high yield at elevated temperature using the produced {sup 44}Sc. While {sup 44}CaCO{sub 3} is relatively expensive, the cost of {sup 44}Sc-DOTATATE production can be reduced by target recovery. Due to low proton energy required to produce GBq activity level of {sup 44}Sc, the availability of {sup 44}Sc radioisotope could be enhanced to open new opportunities for applications in medical imaging. (orig.)

  19. Isothermal cross-sections of Hf-Sc-Ga(800 deg C) and Hf-Ti-Ga (750 deg C) phase diagrams

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Markiv, V.Ya.; Belyavina, N.N.

    1981-01-01

    Isothermal cross sections of Hf-Sc-Ga (800 deg C) and Hf-Ti-Ga (750 deg C) state diagrams are plotted. The existence of two ternary Hfsub(0.1-0.8)Scsub(0.9)-sub(0.2)Ga and Hfsub(0.8)Scsub(0.2)Gasub(3) phases is stated in the Hf-Sc-Ga system. The crystal structure of these compounds investigated by the powder method belongs to the structural α-MoB and ZrAl 3 types respectively. Continuous rows of (Hf, Sc 5 Ga 5 , (Hf, Ti)Ga 3 and (Hf, Ti)Ga 2 solid solutions are formed in the investigated systems. Essential quantity of the third component dissolve binary Sc 5 Ga 4 , Sc 2 Ga 3 (15 and 30 at % Hf respectively), Hf 5 Ga 4 , HfGa 2 (20, 10 at. % Sc), Hf 5 Ga 4 , HfGa, Hf 5 Ga 3 , Hf 2 Ga 3 (48, 30, 46, 20 at. % Ti) gallides [ru

  20. Thermoluminescence response and glow curve structure of Sc2TiO5 ß-irradiated

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Muñoz, I.C.; Brown, F.; Durán-Muñoz, H.; Cruz-Zaragoza, E.; Durán-Torres, B.; Alvarez-Montaño, V.E.

    2014-01-01

    Discandium titanate (Sc 2 TiO 5 ) powder was synthesized in order to analyze its thermoluminescence (TL) response. The TL glow curve structure shows two peaks: at 453–433 K and at 590–553 K. The TL beta dose–response has a linear behavior over the dose range 50–500 Gy. The T stop preheat method shows five glow peaks that were taken into account to calculate the kinetic parameters using the CGCD procedure. TL results support the possible use of Sc 2 TiO 5 as a new phosphor in high ß-dose dosimetry. - Highlights: • Discandium titanate was synthesized, and its TL properties were analyzed. • The beta dose–response has a linear behavior on the dose range 50–500 Gy. • The kinetic parameters were obtained by the CGCD procedure. • Results support the possible use of Sc 2 TiO 5 as a new phosphor for ß-dose dosimetry

  1. Interface interaction and wetting of Sc2O3 exposed to Cu-Al and Cu-Ti melts

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Barzilai, S.; Nagar, H.; Froumin, N.; Frage, N.; Aizenshtein, M.

    2009-01-01

    Scandia is a thermodynamically stable oxide and could be used as a structural material for a crucible in order to avoid a melt contamination. In the present study wetting experiments of Cu-Al and Cu-Ti melts on Scandia substrate were preformed at 1423 K by a sessile drop method. It was established that Al and Ti additions lead to the improved wetting and that the final contact angle decreases with increasing the additives concentration. For Al containing melts, the contact angle changes gradually with time, and a relatively thick interaction layer, which consists of Al 2 O 3 , Sc 2 O 3 , and metallic channels, was formed at the Sc 2 O 3 /Cu-Al interface. For Ti containing melts, the final contact angle is achieved already during heating, and an extremely thin layer based on a Ti-Sc-O compound was detected by AES at the Sc 2 O 3 /Cu-Ti interface. The results of a thermodynamic analysis, which takes into account the formation free energy of the oxides, involved in the systems, and the thermodynamic properties of the liquid solutions are in a good agreement with the experimental observations. (orig.)

  2. Effect of Ti/Sc atom ratio on heterogeneous nuclei, microstructure and mechanical properties of A357-0.033Sr alloys

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Shen, Xiaocen [School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composites and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072 (China); Zhao, Naiqin, E-mail: nqzhao@tju.edu.cn [School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composites and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072 (China); Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072 (China); Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 (China); Li, Jiajun [School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composites and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072 (China); He, Chunnian, E-mail: cnhe08@tju.edu.cn [School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composites and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072 (China); Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072 (China); Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 (China); Shi, Chunsheng [School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composites and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072 (China); Liu, Enzuo [School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composites and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072 (China); Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072 (China); He, Fang; Ma, Liying; Li, Qunying [School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composites and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072 (China)

    2016-08-01

    A systematic study on heterogeneous nucleation, microstructure and mechanical properties of A357-0.033Sr alloys with different Ti/Sc atom ratio was carried out. According to the obtained results, a Ti/Sc atom ratio up to 1:1 did not show much change in the heterogeneous nuclei but at a higher atom ratio level, heterogeneous nuclei have a great change in chemical composition and morphology (from strip Ti-rich phase to the particle-like Ti-rich phase). In addition, compared to the other four alloys studied, the A357-0.033Sr-0.30Sc-0.35Ti alloy with 1:1 atom ratio has the smallest grain size (88 µm), optimum microstructure (morphology, size and distribution of eutectic Si), densest core-shell Al{sub 3}(Sc, Ti), all of which result in the best mechanical properties. Its tensile strength and elongation reach 287 MPa and 3.62% respectively, showing about 11% and 84% increases compared with A357-0.033Sr alloy.

  3. Naked (C5Me5)(2)M cations (M = Sc, Ti, and V) and their fluoroarene complexes

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Bouwkamp, MW; Budzelaar, PHM; Gercama, J; Morales, ID; de Wolf, J; Meetsma, A; Troyanov, SI; Teuben, JH; Hessen, B; Budzelaar, Peter H.M.; Hierro Morales, Isabel Del; Troyanov, Sergei I.

    2005-01-01

    The ionic metallocene complexes [Cp*M-2][BPh4] (CP* = C5Me5) of the trivalent 3d metals Sc, Ti, and V were synthesized and structurally characterized. For M Sc, the anion interacts weakly with the metal center through one of the phenyl groups, but for M = Ti and V, the cations are naked. They each

  4. Wetting induced by near-surface Ti-enrichment in the CaF2/In-Ti and CaF2/Cu-Ti systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Froumin, N.; Barzilai, S.; Aizenshtein, M.; Lomberg, M.; Frage, N.

    2008-01-01

    This paper is concerned with the wetting of CaF 2 by liquid Cu and In and with the effect of Ti additions to the melt. According to thermodynamic analysis and to the experimental observations, the significantly decreased contact angle following the addition of Ti to the molten metals is not due to the formation of interfacial fluoride phases, in contrast to previously reported results. Ab initio density functional calculations indicate that preferential Ti adsorption takes place at the near CaF 2 surface. It is suggested that the presence of a Ti-enriched liquid, adjacent to the substrate, gives rise, by means of heterogeneous nucleation, to the formation of a thin intermetallic compound layer that stands behind the experimentally observed enhanced wetting. The suggested wetting mechanism is supported by the notable correlation that has been observed between the temperature dependence of the contact angle and the temperature domains, associated with the presence of intermetallic compounds in both Me-Ti (Me = Cu, In) binary systems

  5. Synthesis and photoluminescence of Ca-(Sn,Ti)-Si-O compounds

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Abe, Shunsuke; Yamane, Hisanori; Yoshida, Hisashi

    2010-01-01

    The phase relation of the compounds prepared in the CaO-SnO 2 -SiO 2 system at 1673 K and in the CaO-TiO 2 -SiO 2 system at 1573 K was investigated in order to explore new Ti 4+ -activated stannate phosphors. Solid solutions of Ca(Sn 1-x Ti x )SiO 5 and Ca 3 (Sn 1-y Ti y )Si 2 O 9 were synthesized at x = 0-1.0 and y = 0-0.10, respectively, and their crystal structures were analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction. Photoluminescence of these solid solutions was observed in a broad range of a visible light wavelength region under ultraviolet (UV) light excitation. The peaks of the emission band of Ca(Sn 0.97 Ti 0.03 )SiO 5 and Ca 3 (Sn 0.925 Ti 0.075 )Si 2 O 9 were at 510 nm under excitation of 252 nm and at 534 nm under excitation of 258 nm, respectively. The absorption edges estimated by the diffuse reflectance spectra were at 300 nm (4.1 eV) for CaSnSiO 5 and at 270 nm (4.6 eV) for Ca 3 SnSi 2 O 9 , suggesting that the excitation levels in Ca(Sn 1-x Ti x )SiO 5 were above the band gap of the host, although the levels in Ca 3 (Sn 1-y Ti y )Si 2 O 9 were within the band gap and near the conduction band edge.

  6. Crystal structure and magnetic properties of the solid-solution phase Ca3Co2-v Sc v O6

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hervoches, Charles H.; Fredenborg, Vivian Miksch; Kjekshus, Arne; Fjellvag, Helmer; Hauback, Bjorn C.

    2007-01-01

    The two crystallographically non-equivalent Co atoms of the quasi-one-dimensional crystal structure of Ca 3 Co 2 O 6 form chains with alternating, face-sharing polyhedra of Co2O 6 trigonal prisms and Co1O 6 octahedra. This compound forms a substitutional solid-solution phase with Sc, in which the Sc atoms enter the Co2 sublattice exclusively. The homogeneity range of Ca 3 Co 2- v Sc v O 6 (more specifically Ca 3 Co1Co2 1- v Sc v O 6 ) extends up to v∼0.55. The crystal structure belongs to space group R3-barc with lattice parameters (in hexagonal setting): 9.0846(3)≤a≤9.1300(2) A and 10.3885(4)≤c≤10.4677(4) A. The magnetic moment decreases rapidly with increasing amount of the non-magnetic Sc solute in the lattice. - Graphical abstract: The quasi-one-dimensional Ca 3 Co 2 O 6 phase forms a substitutional solid-solution system with Sc, in which the Sc atoms enter the Co2 sublattice exclusively. The homogeneity range of Ca 3 Co 2- v Sc v O 6 extends up to v∼0.55. The magnetic moment decreases rapidly with increasing amount of the non-magnetic Sc solute in the lattice

  7. Precise determination of 40Ti mass by measuring the 40Sc isospin analogue state

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Liu Weiping; Hellstroem, M.; Collatz, R.; Benlliure, J.; Cortina, G.D.; Farget, F.; Grawe, H.; Hu, Z.; Iwasa, N.; Pfuetzner, M.; Roeckl, E.; Chulkov, L.; Piechaczek, A.; Raabe, R.; Reusen, I.; Vancraeynest, G.; Woehr, A.

    2001-01-01

    The mass of 40 Ti has been determined by using the isobaric multiplet mass equation method. The experimental data of the 40 Ti β-decay were used to determine the level of the isospin analogue state of 40 Sc. The ground-state mass excess and the Q EC value for 40 Ti were determined to be -9060 +- 12 keV and 11466 +- 13 keV, respectively

  8. Rates for some reactions involving 42Ca and 44Ca

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cheng, C.W.; King, J.D.

    1980-01-01

    Ground-state reaction rates have been deduced from recent cross section measurements for the 42 CA(α, n) 45 Ti, 42 Ca(p, γ) 43 Sc, and 44 Ca(p, n) 44 Sc reactions. Comparison of these rates with those calculated from a statistical model of nuclear reactions. (Woosley et al) shows good agreement for the first two, but the 44 Ca(p, n) rate is more than a factor of 2 less than the theoretical prediction. Stellar reaction rates have been derived from the ground-state rates by multiplying the ground-state rates by the ratio of stellar to ground-state rates given by the statistical model. Both ground-state and stellar rates have been represented by analytic functions of the temperature. The role of these reactions in the approach to quasi-equilibrium during explosive silicon burning is discussed

  9. Application of shell model with the modified surface delta interaction to 42Ca and 42Sc nuclei

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jasielska, A.; Wiktor, S.

    1975-01-01

    The shell model with MSDI residual interaction is used to investigate properties of levels in the 42 Ca and 42 Sc nuclei. The 40 Ca core with two active outer nucleons is assumed. The energy matrices are diagonalized and the calculated level schemes for both 42 Ca and 42 Sc nuclei are presented. In both nuclei the density of the calculated levels is significantly less than of the observed levels. This fact leads to the conclusion, that some core excitation modes play an important role in the formation of low-lying states in the 42 Ca and 42 Sc nuclei. The calculated eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the states below 5 MeV are given. (author)

  10. Combined embedding of N-doping and CaCO{sub 3} surface modification in the TiO{sub 2} photoelectrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Park, Su Kyung; Yun, Tae Kwan [Department of Chemistry, Keimyung University, Daegu 704-701 (Korea, Republic of); Bae, Jae Young, E-mail: jybae@kmu.ac.kr [Department of Chemistry, Keimyung University, Daegu 704-701 (Korea, Republic of); Won, Yong Sun, E-mail: yswon@pknu.ac.kr [Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-739 (Korea, Republic of)

    2013-11-15

    A successive embedding of N-doping and CaCO{sub 3} surface modification was carried out in the TiO{sub 2} photoelectrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The combined effect was revealed with the great increase of the open-circuit voltage (V{sub oc}), short-circuit current (J{sub sc}), and photoelectric conversion efficiency (η) of the prepared cells; the efficiency (η) was improved from 5.42% of a commercial TiO{sub 2} photoelectrode to 7.47% of an unmodified N-doped electrode, and to 9.03% of a N-doped and CaCO{sub 3} surface modified electrode. An enhanced photoresponse in N-doped TiO{sub 2} nanoparticles generate more photo-excited electrons in adsorbed dye, as supported by measured UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra and incident photon to current conversion efficiency (IPCE). A successive CaCO{sub 3} surface modification then form a barrier on the surface of N-doped TiO{sub 2} particles, suppressing charge recombination of photo-generated electrons from N-doped TiO{sub 2} to dye or electrolyte, and thus extending their life time in the electrode, as supported by electron impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Furthermore, the higher basicity of the CaCO{sub 3} modified TiO{sub 2} facilitates the dye adsorption, as supported by the direct measurement of the amount of adsorbed dye.

  11. An electroamalgamation approach to separate 47Sc from neutron activated CaO target for use in cancer theranostics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chakravarty, Rubel; Chakraborty, Sudipta; Dash, Ashutosh

    2016-01-01

    Over the last few years, 47 Sc has attracted significant attention for potential use in cancer theranostics due to its favorable nuclear decay characteristics (t 1/2 = 3.35 d; average β energy, 162 keV; Eγ, 159 keV). No-carrier-added (NCA) 47 Sc can be produced via the 46 Ca(n,γ)→ 47 Sc reaction in a nuclear reactor. For this purpose, 1 mg of CaO (98 % enrichment of 46 Ca) target was irradiated for 7 d at a flux of 1 × 10 14 n.cm -2 .s -1 at the Dhruva reactor of our research centre. The irradiated target was dissolved in 5 ml of 1 M HCl inside a lead shielded facility. The resultant solution was evaporated to near dryness, reconstituted in 20 ml of 0.15 M lithium citrate solution and transferred to the electrochemical cell. The electrochemical separation involved selective amalgamation of Ca from Ca/Sc mixture into mercury-pool cathode. The influence of different experimental parameters (such as applied potential, pH of the electrolyte, time of electrolysis and amount of Ca 2+ ions in the electrolyte) on the separation process was investigated and optimized for the quantitative electroamalgamation of Ca

  12. Photocatalytic activity of Fe-doped CaTiO₃ under UV-visible light.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yang, He; Han, Chong; Xue, Xiangxin

    2014-07-01

    The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) over Fe-doped CaTiO₃ under UV-visible light was investigated. The as-prepared samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) system, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The results show that the doping with Fe significantly promoted the light absorption ability of CaTiO₃ in the visible light region. The Fe-doped CaTiO₃ exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than CaTiO₃ for the degradation of MB. However, the photocatalytic activity of the Fe-doped CaTiO₃ was greatly influenced by the calcination temperature during the preparation process. The Fe-doped CaTiO₃ prepared at 500°C exhibited the best photocatalytic activity, with degradation of almost 100% MB (10ppm) under UV-visible light for 180 min. Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier B.V.

  13. XAFS Analysis of Local Structure around Ce in Ca3Sc2Si3O12:Ce Phosphor for White LEDs

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Akai, Toshio; Shigeiwa, Motoyuki; Okamoto, Kaoru; Shimomura, Yasuo; Kijima, Naoto; Honma, Tetsuo

    2007-01-01

    We have studied the local structure around Ce atom in Ca3Sc2Si3O12 host crystal, which has been developed as a new green phosphor for white light emitting diodes (LEDs). As the local structure and chemical environment of the dopant atom are very important to improve the performance of the phosphor, we have used XAFS to get chemical and structural information around the Ce dopant. The XANES spectrum of the Ce LIII-edge reveals that the Ce atom is trivalent in Ca3Sc2Si3O12. There are two kinds of possible Ce substitution sites, Ca site and Sc site, in garnet type Ca3Sc2Si3O12 crystal structure. The Ce atom is found to be at the Ca site in the host crystal by the comparison of the Fourier transform of Ce K-edge EXAFS spectrum with those of Ca and Sc K-edge EXAFS spectra. The theoretical analysis with FEFF also clarified the Ce substitution at the Ca site. Furthermore, the result of the analysis indicates the structural disorder around Ca and Si atoms at 3.75 A. It is possible that there are some defects around the Ca and Si atoms at 3.75 A to compensate the excess positive charge by introduced Ce3+ at the Ca2+ site

  14. Synthesis of anatase nanoparticles with extremely wide solid solution range and ScTiNbO6 with α-PbO2 structure

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hirano, Masanori; Ito, Takaharu

    2009-01-01

    Anatase-type nanoparticles Sc X Ti 1-2X Nb X O 2 with wide solid solution range (X=0-0.35) were hydrothermally formed at 180 deg. C for 5 h. The lattice parameters a 0 and c 0 , and the optical band gap of anatase gradually and linearly increased with the increase of the content of niobium and scandium from X=0 to 0.35. Their photocatalytic activity and adsorptivity by the measurement of the concentration of methylene blue (MB) that remained in the solution in the dark or under UV-light irradiation were evaluated. The anatase phase existed stably up to 900 deg. C for the samples with X=0.25-0.30 and 750 deg. C for that with X=0.35 during heat treatment in air. The phase with α-PbO 2 structure and the rutile phases coexisted in the samples with X=0.25-0.30 after heated at temperatures above 900-950 deg. C. The α-PbO 2 structure having composition ScTiNbO 6 with possibly some cation order similar to that seen in wolframite existed as almost completely single phase after heat treatment at temperatures 900-1500 deg. C through phase transformation from anatase-type ScTiNbO 6 . - Graphical abstract: Anatase-type Sc X Ti 1-2X Nb X O 2 solid solutions with wide solid solution range (X=0-0.35) were hydrothermally formed as nanoparticles from the precursor solutions of Sc(NO 3 ) 3 , TiOSO 4 , NbCl 5 at 180 deg. C for 5 h using the hydrolysis of urea. Anatase-type ScTiNbO 6 was synthesized under hydrothermal condition. ScTiNbO 6 having α-PbO 2 structure with possibly some cation order similar to that seen in wolframite was formed through phase transformation above 900 deg. C.

  15. Combustion synthesis of CaSc2O4:Ce3+ nano-phosphors in a closed system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Peng Wenfang; Zou Shaoyu; Liu Guanxi; Xiao Quanlan; Zhang Rui; Xie Lijuan; Cao Liwei; Meng Jianxin; Liu Yingliang

    2011-01-01

    Highlights: → CaSc 2 O 4 :Ce 3+ nano-phosphors can be prepared by a single-step combustion method. → The ignition temperature is the lowest in the combustion synthesis of Ce 3+ /Eu 2+ doped phosphors. → The as-prepared nano-phosphors give a uniform particle size in the range of 15-20 nm and have highly dispersity and fluorescence intensity. → It is a convenient method for preparation of monodispersed oxide nano-phosphors, especially those being sensitive to air at high temperature. - Abstract: The CaSc 2 O 4 :Ce 3+ nano-phosphors were successfully prepared by a single-step combustion method at an ignition temperature as low as 200 deg. C in a closed autoclave using glycine as a fuel and PEG4000 as a dispersant. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results revealed that CaSc 2 O 4 :Ce 3+ nano-phosphors can be conveniently prepared at an ignition temperature as low as 200 deg. C, which was much lower than that in the ordinary combustion methods. The optimized ignition temperature was 220 deg. C. The CaSc 2 O 4 :Ce 3+ nano-phosphors give a uniform particle size in the range of 15-20 nm. The low ignition temperature and the addition of PEG4000 dispersant play important roles in the formation of small sized nanoparticles. The as-prepared nano-phosphors were incompact aggregates, but highly dispersed nano-phosphors can be obtained after further ultrasonic treatment. The CaSc 2 O 4 :Ce 3+ nano-phosphors give satisfactory luminescence characteristic benefiting from the closed circumstance, in which cerium atoms can be isolated from the oxidizing atmosphere and non-fluorescent Ce 4+ ions can be ruled out. The present highly dispersed CaSc 2 O 4 :Ce 3+ nano-phosphors with efficient fluorescence are promising in the field of biological labeling, and the present low temperature combustion method is facile and convenient and can

  16. CORRELATION OF 48Ca, 50Ti, AND 138La HETEROGENEITY IN THE ALLENDE REFRACTORY INCLUSIONS

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chen, Hsin-Wei; Lee, Typhoon; Lee, Der-Chuen; Chen, Jiang-Chang

    2015-01-01

    Precise determinations of 48 Ca anomalies in Allende calcium–aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) are reported in this work. There are endemic positive 48 Ca/ 44 Ca anomalies in all analyzed CAIs after normalization to 42 Ca/ 44 Ca, and it is clearly shown that there is no simple correlation between 48 Ca/ 44 Ca and 50 Ti/ 48 Ti anomalies, in agreement with Jungck et al. Compared to the 48 Ca/ 44 Ca versus 50 Ti/ 48 Ti correlation line defined by differentiated meteorites, reported by Chen et al., the CAIs plot to elevated 50 Ti/ 48 Ti. Assuming the 48 Ca/ 44 Ca anomalies of both CAIs and differentiated meteorites came from the same source, excess 50 Ti anomalies in CAIs can be calculated by subtracting the part associated with 48 Ca/ 44 Ca. These excesses show a linear correlation with 138 La anomalies, a neutrino-process nuclide. According to current stellar nucleosynthetic models, we therefore suggest that the solar system 48 Ca, 50 Ti, and 138 La isotopic variations are made of mixtures between grains condensed from ejecta of neutron-rich accretion-induced SNe Ia and the O/Ne–O/C zone of core-collapse SNe II

  17. Ab initio study of domain structures in half-metallic CoTi{sub 1−x}Mn{sub x}Sb and thermoelectric CoTi{sub 1−x}Sc{sub x}Sb half-Heusler alloys

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Miranda Mena, Joaquin, E-mail: joaquin.miranda@uni-bayreuth.de; Schoberth, Heiko G.; Gruhn, Thomas; Emmerich, Heike

    2015-11-25

    We present first-principles calculations of the electronic density of state, the structures in CoTi{sub 1−x}Sc{sub x}Sb and CoTi{sub 1−x}Mn{sub x}Sb. In addition for the latter we calculate magnetic moments. Systems with different stoichiometries are compared and low energy configurations are determined using a cluster expansion procedure. For all studied manganese concentrations, x > 0, CoTi{sub 1−x}Mn{sub x}Sb is half-metallic and magnetic, which make it interesting for spintronic applications. In contrast, with increasing scandium concentration, the band gap of CoTi{sub x}Sc{sub 1-x}Sb closes continuously, while the material changes from a semiconductor to a non-magnetic metal. For low Sc doping this material is well suited for thermoelectric applications. The electronic states close to the Fermi energy are strongly influenced by the distribution of Ti and Mn (or Ti and Sc). This has important consequences for the usage of materials in application fields like spintronics and thermoelectrics. In general, a phase separation of the alloys into a Ti rich and a Ti poor phase is energetically favored. Using mean field theory we create a phase diagram that shows the coexistence and the spinodal region. A spontaneous demixing can be used for the creation of nanodomains within the material. In the case of CoTi{sub 1−x}Sc{sub x}Sb, the resulting reduced lattice thermal conductivity is beneficial for thermoelectric applications, while in CoTi{sub 1−x}Mn{sub x}Sb the nanodomains are detrimental for polarization.

  18. Nuclear spectroscopy of Ca and Sc isotopes from inelastic scattering and one-nucleon transfer reactions on a radioactive 41Ca target

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Vold, P.

    1978-04-01

    The structure of energy levels in 40 , 42 Ca and 42 Sc has been studied using inelastic proton scattering and one-nucleon stripping and pick-up transfer reactions on a 41 Ca target. Data has given the following information on the properties of the 41 Ca ground state wave function; i) the 41 Ca (g.s.) looks very much like an f (sub7/2) neutron coupled to the 40 Ca (g.s.) core. ii) The core-excited component of the 41 Ca (g.s.) is determined to be 10 or less. It was inferred that the main constituents of the spectroscopic strength leading to the (f(sub7/2)) 2 , (f(sub7/2)p(sub3/2))(subt=1) and (f(sub7/2)p(sub1/2))(subT=1) configurations have been identified. This was used to deduce the effective two-particle matrix elements for these configurations. The 42 Sc and 42 Ca data result in excellent agreement for the T=1 members of the (f(sub7/2)) 2 multiplet while the (f(sub7/2)p(sub3/2))(subT=1) matrix elements derived from the 42 Sc data are about 0.2 MeV more repulsive than those obtained from the 42 Ca data. The (f(sub7/2)d(sub3/2) -1 ) matrix elements derived from the present ( 3 He,α) data were compared to the corresponding values obtained from one-nucleon stripping to mass 34 nuclei. The two sets of matrix elements are in very good agreement. The 40 Ca values are also well reproduced by calculations using the modified surface delta interaction. The experimental spectroscopic factors to both the T=0 and T=1 states of the (f(sub7/2)) 2 multiplet are in remarkably good agreement with the predicted values of the coexistence model considering the simplicity of this model. (JIW)

  19. Electrosynthesis of Ti5Si3, Ti5Si3/TiC, and Ti5Si3/Ti3SiC2 from Ti-Bearing Blast Furnace Slag in Molten CaCl2

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Shangshu; Zou, Xingli; Zheng, Kai; Lu, Xionggang; Chen, Chaoyi; Li, Xin; Xu, Qian; Zhou, Zhongfu

    2018-04-01

    Ti5Si3, Ti5Si3/TiC, and Ti5Si3/Ti3SiC2 have been electrochemically synthesized from the Ti-bearing blast furnace slag/TiO2 and/or C mixture precursors at a cell voltage of 3.8 V and 1223 K to 1273 K (950 °C to 1000 °C) in molten CaCl2. The pressed porous mixture pellets were used as the cathode, and a solid oxide oxygen-ion-conducting membrane (SOM)-based anode was used as the anode. The phase composition and morphologies of the cathodic products were systematically characterized. The final products possess a porous nodular microstructure due to the interconnection of particles. The variations of impurity elements, i.e., Ca, Mg, and Al, have been analyzed, and the result shows that Ca and Mg can be almost completely removed; however, Al cannot be easily removed from the pellet due to the formation of Ti-Al alloys during the electroreduction process. The electroreduction process has also been investigated by the layer-depended phase composition analysis of the dipped/partially reduced pellets to understand the detailed reaction process. The results indicate that the electroreduction process of the Ti-bearing blast furnace slag/TiO2 and/or C mixture precursors can be typically divided into four periods, i.e., (i) the decomposition of initial Ca(Mg,Al)(Si,Al)2O6, (ii) the reduction of Ti/Si-containing intermediate phases, (iii) the removal of impurity elements, and (iv) the formation of Ti5Si3, TiC, and Ti3SiC2. It is suggested that the SOM-based anode process has great potential to be used for the direct and facile preparation of Ti alloys and composites from cheap Ti-containing ores.

  20. Perovskite-related Ca(Nb,Ti)O3.33

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Guevarra, J.; Smaalen, S. van; Daniels, P.; Rotiroti, N.; Lichtenberg, F.

    2005-01-01

    Crystals of nominal composition Ca(Nb 0.8 Ti 0.2 )O 3.4 , an n = 5 member of the homologous series A n B n O 3n+2 , have been synthesized by floating-zone melting. The material was found to be multiphase consisting also of the n = 6 type. A good single crystal of this n = 6 type was found and the crystal structure at room temperature was determined by X-ray diffraction using synchrotron radiation. Structure refinements indicate a composition of Ca(Nb 0.76 Ti 0.24 )O 3.33 . The crystal structure is monoclinic P2 1 and consists of slabs of corner-sharing (Nb,Ti)O 6 octahedra interrupted by layers of oxygen atoms. Ca atoms within the slabs are 12-fold coordinated whereas those at the borders show irregular coordination geometries. The octahedral distortion is greatest near the borders of the slabs and least near the middle of the slabs. Ti 4+ preferentially occupy octahedral sites in the middle of slabs. The non-stoichiometry in the refined composition and the insulating character of the material may be explained in terms of extra oxygen, vacancies on the cation sites, or by localization of the electrons in the 4d orbitals of Nb at the borders of slabs. (orig.)

  1. Uncertainty determination of analysis of Ti, V, Cl, Ce, Cr, Cs, Sc, Co, Fe and Ca in solid samples by INAA method using standard addition according to ISO - guide 17025

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sumining; Agus Taftazani

    2003-01-01

    Uncertainty of analysis of Ti, V, Cl, Ce, Cr, Cs, Sc, Co, Fe and Ca in solid samples by INAA (/instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis) method using comparative technique and standard addition have been carried out at INAA laboratory of P3TM BATAN. The calculation of Ti have been presented as the example. Uncertainty sources of INAA are sampling, sample and standard preparation, irradiation and counting. Sample were come from IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) which had ready for analyzed therefore only for sample and standard preparation, irradiation and counting factors were determined. Analysis were done by relative technique, that sample and standard were irradiated together in same capsule therefore irradiation time, neutron flux, irradiation geometry and isotopic properties. will be eliminated. Uncertainty of counting factors were covering radioactivity decay during the counting, pulse losses caused by random counting, counting geometry, and counting rate. Relative technique makes the uncertainty come from counting time for sample and standard that was settled by same counting equipment can be neglected. Uncertainty of counting geometry and thickness of uranium was not detected so there is no contribution come from The fission product. Variation of fuel target nuclides number didn't occurred because the combustion was not occurred during irradiation, and analytical results were not influenced by the chemical status. (author)

  2. Theoretical study of isoelectronic SinM clusters (M=Sc-,Ti,V+; n=14-18)

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Torres, M. B.; Fernandez Sanchez, Eva; Balbás, L. C.

    2007-01-01

    We study, from first-principles quantum mechanical calculations, the structural and electronic properties of several low-lying energy equilibrium structures of isoelectronic SinM clusters (M=Sc-,Ti,V+) for n=14-18. The main result is that those clusters with n=16 are more stable than its neighbors...... of the spherical potential model). The structures of the two lowest energy isomers of Si16M are nearly degenerate, and consist of the Frank-Kasper polyhedron and a distortion of that polyhedron. The first structure is the ground state for M=V+, and the second is the ground state for Ti and Sc-. For the lowest...... energy isomers of clusters SinM with n=14-18, we analyze the changes with size n, and impurity M of several quantities: binding energy, second difference of total energy, HOMO-LUMO gap, adiabatic electron affinity, addition energy of a Si atom, and addition energy of an M impurity to a pure Si-n cluster...

  3. Evaluated (n,p) cross sections of 46Ti, 47Ti and 48Ti

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Philis, C.; Bersillon, O.; Smith, D.; Smith, A.

    1977-01-01

    Microscopic evaluated neutron cross sections for the reactions 46 Ti(n;p) 46 Sc, 47 Ti(n;p) 47 Sc and 48 Ti(n;p) 48 Sc are obtained from threshold (or zero energy) to 20 MeV. The results are presented in graphical and numerical (ENDF format) form. The microscopic evaluated cross sections are compared with measured fission-spectrum-averaged values

  4. Wear Behavior of Cold Pressed and Sintered Al2O3/TiC/CaF2Al2O3/TiC Laminated Ceramic Composite

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    Xuefeng YANG; Jian CHENG; Peilong SONG; Shouren WANG; Liying YANG; Yanjun WANG; Ken MAO

    2013-01-01

    A novel laminated Al2O3/TiC/CaF2-Al2O3/TiC sandwich ceramic composite was fabricated through cold pressing and sintering to achieve better anti-wear performance,such as low friction coefficient and low wear rate.Al2O3/TiC/CaF2 and Al2O3/TiC composites were alternatively built layer-by-layer to obtain a sandwich structure.Solid lubricant CaF2 was added evenly into the Al2O3/TiC/CaF2 layer to reduce the friction and wear.Al2O3/TiC ceramic was also cold pressed and sintered for comparison.Friction analysis of the two ceramics was then conducted via a wear-and-tear machine.Worn surface and surface compositions were examined by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersion spectrum,respectively.Results showed that the laminated Al2O3/TiC/CaF2-Al2O3/TiC sandwich ceramic composite has lower friction coefficient and lower wear rate than those of Al2O3/TiC ceramic alone because of the addition of CaF2 into the laminated Al2O3/TiC/CaF2-Al2O3/TiC sandwich ceramic composite.Under the friction load,the tiny CaF2 particles were scraped from the Al2O3/TiC/CaF2 layer and spread on friction pairs before falling off into micropits.This process formed a smooth,self-lubricating film,which led to better anti-wear properties.Adhesive wear is the main wear mechanism of Al2O3/TiC/CaF2 layer and abrasive wear is the main wear mechanism of Al2O3/TiC layer.

  5. Landau-Devonshire Parameters for the Tunable Paraelectric Material BaTi.9(Sc,Ta).05O3

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Miller, Virginia; Crowne, Frank

    2008-01-01

    ...).05O3 are used to deduce the thermodynamic Landau-Devonshire parameters of the material, which are found to differ strongly from those of the parent material BaTiO3, despite the small amount of added Sc and Ta...

  6. Sol–gel synthesis and photoluminescence of CaTi1–x Zrx O3: Pr 3 ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    The strongest red excitation obtained from CaTi1–ZrO3 : Pr3+ ( = 4/300) and CaTi1–ZrO3 : Pr3+ ( = 5/300) possesses the strongest emission at 610 nm, similar to the intensities of Ca(Ti1–Zr)O3 : Pr3+ ( = 3/300, 4/300, 6/300), which may be corresponded to the cell parameters of CaTi1–ZrO3 : Pr3+.

  7. First-principles study of (Ba ,Ca ) TiO3 and Ba (Ti ,Zr ) O3 solid solutions

    Science.gov (United States)

    Amoroso, Danila; Cano, Andrés; Ghosez, Philippe

    2018-05-01

    (Ba ,Ca ) TiO3 and Ba (Ti ,Zr ) O3 solid solutions are the building blocks of lead-free piezoelectric materials that attract a renewed interest. We investigate the properties of these systems by means of first-principles calculations, with a focus on the lattice dynamics and the competition between different ferroelectric phases. We first analyze the four parent compounds in order to compare their properties and their different tendency towards ferroelectricity. The core of our study is systematic characterization of the binary systems (Ba ,Ca ) TiO3 and Ba (Ti ,Zr ) O3 within both the virtual crystal approximation and direct supercell calculations. In the case of Ca doping, we find a gradual transformation from B -site to A -site ferroelectricity due to steric effects that largely determines the behavior of the system. In the case of Zr doping, in contrast, the behavior is eventually dominated by cooperative Zr-Ti motions and the local electrostatics. In addition, our comparative study reveals that the specific microscopic physics of these solids sets severe limits to the applicability of the virtual crystal approximation for these systems.

  8. One-hole states in nuclei of 41K, 41Ca and 41Sc

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kim, Moon Won

    1985-01-01

    The one-hole states in nuclei of 41 K, 41 Ca and 41 Sc have been calculated with a model space based on the (1f 7/2 ,2P 3/2 ) 2 (1d 3/2 , 2S 1/2 ) -1 configuration using the nuclear shell model. The two body effective interaction is assumed to be a surface-delta potential. 40 Ca is also assumed to be an inert core. Energy spectra and spectroscopic factors are obtained and compared with the experimental data. The calculate results in fair agreement with the observed values. (Author)

  9. Green tide deactivation with layered-structure cuboids of Ag/CaTiO3 under UV light

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lee, Soo-Wohn; Lozano-Sánchez, L.M.; Rodríguez-González, V.

    2013-01-01

    Graphical abstract: Synergic reasons such as mass transfer, morphology, biocide properties, UV-A photoresponse, and electron trapping that reduce recombination on Ag/CaTiO 3 nanocomposites, have the potential for the generation of reactive radicals that promote the fatal irreversible deactivation of Tetraselmis suecica algae in 12 min under UV-A irradiation. -- Highlights: • An alternative to deactivate harmful green tide is proposed by employing Ag/CaTiO 3 . • Particles of perovskite-like have rectangular prisms morphology with AgNPs ∼13 nm. • The cuboids achieve complete inactivation of Tetraselmis suecica algae in 12 min. • AgNPs functionalization induce fatal irreversible damages on the algae surface. -- Abstract: In this work, an alternative to deactivate noxious green tide Tetraselmis suecica in the short-term is proposed by employing Perovskite-like cube-shaped, crystalline CaTiO 3 semiconductors functionalized with atomic silver nanoparticles. CaTiO 3 was prepared by a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method and then Ag 0 NPs (1 wt% of CaTiO 3 ), were added by the photoreduction method. The XRD results show that crystalline CaTiO 3 has an orthorhombic unit cell with a Perovskite-like structure. Images obtained by FESEM and HRTEM microscopies show well-faceted CaTiO 3 rectangular prismatic morphology functionalizated with silver nanoparticles ∼13.5 nm. XPS and EDS-FESEM has confirmed the composition of CaTiO 3 and silver occurring mainly as reduced metal. The UV inactivation of noxious T. suecica with Ag/CaTiO 3 nanocomposites formed on bare materials results in complete deactivation of the algae in 12 min. The direct contact between harmful algae and Ag/CaTiO 3 nanocomposite is necessary to deactivate the algae and inhibits algae viability

  10. Electrical and microstructural properties of CaTiO3-doped K1/2Na1 ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    KNN) and CaTiO3- modified K1/2Na1/2NbO3 (CTO-KNN) systems, were investigated. Discs doped with 0 to 0.55% mol of CaTiO3 (CTO) were sintered at 1125°C for 2 h. Although minority phases were found in doped samples, CaTiO3 was not ...

  11. Mechanosynthesis of nanocrystalline CaTi1-xMnxO3-δ

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Figueiredo, F. M.

    2008-08-01

    Full Text Available The mechanosynthesis of nanocrystalline CaTi1-xMnxO3-δ is reported for the first time. Powdered CaO, TiO2 anatase and Mn2O3 (Aldrich were weighed in the appropriate stoichiometric quantities in order to obtain CaTi1-xMnxO3-δ (x=0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.30, 0.50 and 0.80 and dry milled in a planetary high-energy ball mill, using zirconia containers and balls, with a 10:1 ball/mass ratio. The planetary rotation was kept constant at 650 rpm and the container at 1300 rpm, in the opposite direction. Powder XRD patterns revealed a perovskite forming from the early milling stages and a completed reaction after 180 min, with no apparent crystalline or amorphous intermediates, indicating significant Mn solubility in CaTiO3. Patterns show a decrease in lattice volume upon Mn substitution, as expected from the lower Mn3+ or Mn4+ ionic radii when compared to Ti4+. The average crystallite size is in the range 5-30 nm, as determined from Williamson-Hall plots and confirmed by high resolution transmission electron microscopy.La mecanosíntesis de CaTi1-xMnxO3-δ nanocristalino es presentada por primera vez. Polvos reactivos de CaO, TiO2 anatasa y Mn2O3 (Aldrich fueron pesados en las cantidades estequiométricas adecuadas para obtener CaTi1-xMnxO3-δ (x=0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.30, 0.50 y 0.80 por molienda en seco en un molino planetario de alta energía utilizando contenedores y bolas de circona, en una relación masa de bolas : masa de polvo de 10:1. La rotación del planetario se mantuvo constante a 650 revoluciones por minuto (rpm y la del contenedor a 1300 rpm, en el sentido inverso. La formación de una fase con estructura de perovskita fue identificada a través del análisis de los polvos por difracción de rayos X, siendo esta fase claramente mayoritaria en los polvo molidos durante 180 min y sin observarse la formación de compuestos intermediarios. Los patrones de difracción de rayos X también indicaron una disminución de los parámetro de red

  12. CORRELATION OF {sup 48}Ca, {sup 50}Ti, AND {sup 138}La HETEROGENEITY IN THE ALLENDE REFRACTORY INCLUSIONS

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Chen, Hsin-Wei; Lee, Typhoon; Lee, Der-Chuen; Chen, Jiang-Chang, E-mail: hart.chen@bristol.ac.uk [Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC (China)

    2015-06-10

    Precise determinations of {sup 48}Ca anomalies in Allende calcium–aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) are reported in this work. There are endemic positive {sup 48}Ca/{sup 44}Ca anomalies in all analyzed CAIs after normalization to {sup 42}Ca/{sup 44}Ca, and it is clearly shown that there is no simple correlation between {sup 48}Ca/{sup 44}Ca and {sup 50}Ti/{sup 48}Ti anomalies, in agreement with Jungck et al. Compared to the {sup 48}Ca/{sup 44}Ca versus {sup 50}Ti/{sup 48}Ti correlation line defined by differentiated meteorites, reported by Chen et al., the CAIs plot to elevated {sup 50}Ti/{sup 48}Ti. Assuming the {sup 48}Ca/{sup 44}Ca anomalies of both CAIs and differentiated meteorites came from the same source, excess {sup 50}Ti anomalies in CAIs can be calculated by subtracting the part associated with {sup 48}Ca/{sup 44}Ca. These excesses show a linear correlation with {sup 138}La anomalies, a neutrino-process nuclide. According to current stellar nucleosynthetic models, we therefore suggest that the solar system {sup 48}Ca, {sup 50}Ti, and {sup 138}La isotopic variations are made of mixtures between grains condensed from ejecta of neutron-rich accretion-induced SNe Ia and the O/Ne–O/C zone of core-collapse SNe II.

  13. Thermomechanical processing of aluminum micro-alloyed with Sc, Zr, Ti, B, and C

    Science.gov (United States)

    McNamara, Cameron T.

    Critical exploration of the minimalistic high strength low alloy aluminum (HSLA-Al) paradigm is necessary for the continued development of advanced aluminum alloys. In this study, scandium (Sc) and zirconium (Zr) are examined as the main precipitation strengthening additions, while magnesium (Mg) is added to probe the synergistic effects of solution and precipitation hardening, as well as the grain refinement during solidification afforded by a moderate growth restriction factor. Further, pathways of recrystallization are explored in several potential HSLA-Al syste =ms sans Sc. Aluminum-titanium-boron (Al-Ti-B) and aluminum-titanium-carbon (Al-Ti-C) grain refining master alloys are added to a series of Al-Zr alloys to examine both the reported Zr poisoning effect on grain size reduction and the impact on recrystallization resistance through the use of electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) imaging. Results include an analysis of active strengthening mechanisms and advisement for both constitution and thermomechanical processing of HSLA-Al alloys for wrought or near-net shape cast components. The mechanisms of recrystallization are discussed for alloys which contain a bimodal distribution of particles, some of which act as nucleation sites for grain formation during annealing and others which restrict the growth of the newly formed grains.

  14. Synthesis of CaTiO 3 from calcium titanyl oxalate hexahydrate (CTO)

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Calcium titanate, CaTiO3, an important microwave dielectric material and one of major phases in synroc (synthetic rock), a titanate ceramic with potential application for fixation of high level nuclear waste was synthesized from calcium titanyl oxalate [CaTiO (C2O4)2.6H2O] (CTO) by employing microwave heating technique.

  15. Combustion synthesis of CaSc{sub 2}O{sub 4}:Ce{sup 3+} nano-phosphors in a closed system

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Peng Wenfang; Zou Shaoyu; Liu Guanxi; Xiao Quanlan; Zhang Rui; Xie Lijuan; Cao Liwei [Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632 (China); Meng Jianxin, E-mail: tmjx@jnu.edu.cn [Institute of Nano-Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632 (China); Liu Yingliang [Institute of Nano-Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632 (China)

    2011-06-09

    Highlights: > CaSc{sub 2}O{sub 4}:Ce{sup 3+} nano-phosphors can be prepared by a single-step combustion method. > The ignition temperature is the lowest in the combustion synthesis of Ce{sup 3+}/Eu{sup 2+} doped phosphors. > The as-prepared nano-phosphors give a uniform particle size in the range of 15-20 nm and have highly dispersity and fluorescence intensity. > It is a convenient method for preparation of monodispersed oxide nano-phosphors, especially those being sensitive to air at high temperature. - Abstract: The CaSc{sub 2}O{sub 4}:Ce{sup 3+} nano-phosphors were successfully prepared by a single-step combustion method at an ignition temperature as low as 200 deg. C in a closed autoclave using glycine as a fuel and PEG4000 as a dispersant. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results revealed that CaSc{sub 2}O{sub 4}:Ce{sup 3+} nano-phosphors can be conveniently prepared at an ignition temperature as low as 200 deg. C, which was much lower than that in the ordinary combustion methods. The optimized ignition temperature was 220 deg. C. The CaSc{sub 2}O{sub 4}:Ce{sup 3+} nano-phosphors give a uniform particle size in the range of 15-20 nm. The low ignition temperature and the addition of PEG4000 dispersant play important roles in the formation of small sized nanoparticles. The as-prepared nano-phosphors were incompact aggregates, but highly dispersed nano-phosphors can be obtained after further ultrasonic treatment. The CaSc{sub 2}O{sub 4}:Ce{sup 3+} nano-phosphors give satisfactory luminescence characteristic benefiting from the closed circumstance, in which cerium atoms can be isolated from the oxidizing atmosphere and non-fluorescent Ce{sup 4+} ions can be ruled out. The present highly dispersed CaSc{sub 2}O{sub 4}:Ce{sup 3+} nano-phosphors with efficient fluorescence are promising in the field of biological labeling

  16. Volatility of V15Cr5Ti fusion reactor alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Neilson, R.M. Jr.

    1986-01-01

    One potential hazard from the presence of activation products in fusion facilities is accidental oxidation-driven volatility of those activation products. Scoping experiments were conducted to investigate the oxidation and elemental volatility of candidate fusion reactor alloy V15Cr5Ti as a function of time, temperature, and test atmosphere. Experiments in air and in argon carrier gases containing 10 4 to 10 1 Pa (10 -1 to 10 -4 atm) oxygen were conducted to investigate the lower oxygen partial pressure limit for the formation of a low melting point (approximately 650 0 C), high volatility, oxide layer and its formation rate. Experiments to determine the elemental volatility of alloy constituents in air at temperatures of 700 0 C to greater than 1600 0 C. Some of these volatility experiments used V15Cr5Ti that was arc-remelted to incorporate small quantities (<0.1 wt. %) of Sc and Ca. Incorporation of Sc and Ca in test specimens permitted volatility measurement of radioactive constituents present only after activation of V15Cr5Ti

  17. Surface structures and osteoblast response of hydrothermally produced CaTiO{sub 3} thin film on Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Park, Jin-Woo, E-mail: jinwoo@knu.ac.kr [Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 188-1, Samduk 2Ga, Jung-Gu, Daegu 700-412 (Korea, Republic of); Tustusmi, Yusuke [Department of Metals, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental Univeristy, Tokyo 101-0062 (Japan); Lee, Chong Soo; Park, Chan Hee [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784 (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Youn-Jeong; Jang, Je-Hee [Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 188-1, Samduk 2Ga, Jung-Gu, Daegu 700-412 (Korea, Republic of); Khang, Dongwoo; Im, Yeon-Min [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 600-701 (Korea, Republic of); Doi, Hisashi; Nomura, Naoyuki; Hanawa, Takao [Department of Metals, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental Univeristy, Tokyo 101-0062 (Japan)

    2011-06-15

    This study investigated the surface characteristics and in vitro biocompatibility of a titanium (Ti) oxide layer incorporating calcium ions (Ca) obtained by hydrothermal treatment with or without post heat-treatment in the Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloy. The surface characteristics were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, thin-film X-ray diffractometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and contact angle measurements. In vitro biocompatibility of the Ca-containing surfaces was assessed in comparison with untreated surfaces using a pre-osteoblast cell line. Hydrothermal treatment produced a crystalline CaTiO{sub 3} layer. Post heat-treatment at 400 deg. C for 2 h in air significantly decreased water contact angles in the CaTiO{sub 3} layer (p < 0.001). The Ca-incorporated alloy surfaces displayed markedly increased cell viability and ALP activity compared with untreated surfaces (p < 0.001), and also an upregulated expression of various integrin genes ({alpha}1, {alpha}2, {alpha}5, {alpha}v, {beta}1 and {beta}3) at an early incubation time-point. Post heat-treatment further increased attachment and ALP activity in cells grown on Ca-incorporated Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloy surfaces. The results indicate that the Ca-incorporated oxide layer produced by hydrothermal treatment and a simple post heat-treatment may be effective in improving bone healing in Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloy implants by enhancing the viability and differentiation of osteoblastic cells.

  18. New Ce{sup 3+} doped Ca{sub 2}YMgScSi{sub 3}O{sub 12} garnet ceramic phosphor for white LED converters

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Khaidukov, N. [Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow (Russian Federation); Zorenko, Yu.; Zorenko, T.; Iskaliyeva, A.; Paprocki, K. [Institute of Physics, Kazimierz Wielki University Bydgoszcz (Poland); Zhydachevskii, Y.; Suchocki, A. [Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw (Poland); Deun, R. van [L3 - Luminescent Lanthanide Lab, Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University (Belgium); Batentschuk, M. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering VI, Institute of Materials for Energy and Electronic Technology (i-IMEET), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen (Germany)

    2017-05-15

    The results on crystallization and investigation of the luminescent properties of a new prospective ceramic phosphor based on the Ce{sup 3+} doped Ca{sub 2}YMgScSi{sub 3}O{sub 12} silicate garnet are presented for the first time in this work. The luminescent properties of Ca{sub 2}YMgScSi{sub 3}O{sub 12}:Ce were compared with the properties of the reference Ca{sub 3}Sc{sub 2}Si{sub 3}O{sub 12}:Ce ceramic sample. Without any doubt, the results of this research can be suitable for the development of a new generation of white converters based on the Ca{sup 2+}-Si{sup 4+} garnet compounds. (copyright 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

  19. Ag- and Cu-doped multifunctional bioactive nanostructured TiCaPCON films

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Shtansky, D.V., E-mail: shtansky@shs.misis.ru [National University of Science and Technology “MISIS”, Leninsky prospekt 4, Moscow 119049 (Russian Federation); Batenina, I.V.; Kiryukhantsev-Korneev, Ph.V.; Sheveyko, A.N.; Kuptsov, K.A. [National University of Science and Technology “MISIS”, Leninsky prospekt 4, Moscow 119049 (Russian Federation); Zhitnyak, I.Y.; Anisimova, N.Yu.; Gloushankova, N.A. [N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center of RAMS, Kashirskoe shosse 24, Moscow 115478 (Russian Federation)

    2013-11-15

    A key property of multicomponent bioactive nanostructured Ti(C,N)-based films doped with Ca, P, and O (TiCaPCON) that can be improved further is their antibacterial effect that should be achieved without compromising the implant bioactivity and biocompatibility. The present work is focused on the study of structure, chemical, mechanical, tribological, and biological properties of Ag- and Cu-doped TiCaPCON films. The films with Ag (0.4–4 at.%) and Cu (13 at.%) contents were obtained by simultaneous sputtering of a TiC{sub 0.5}–Ca{sub 3}(PO{sub 4}){sub 2} target and either an Ag or a Cu target. The film structure was studied using X-ray diffraction, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy, and Raman-shift and IR spectroscopy. The films were characterized in terms of their hardness, elastic modulus, dynamic impact resistance, friction coefficient and wear rate (both in air and normal saline), surface wettability, electrochemical behavior and Ag or Cu ion release in normal saline. Particular attention was paid to the influence of inorganic bactericides (Ag and Cu ions) on the bactericidal activity against unicellular yeast fungus Saccharomyces cerevisiae and gram-positive bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus, as well as on the attachment, spreading, actin cytoskeleton organization, focal adhesions, and early stages of osteoblastic cell differentiation. The obtained results show that the Ag-doped films are more suitable for the protection of metallic surfaces against bacterial infection compared with their Cu-doped counterpart. In particular, an excellent combination of mechanical, tribological, and biological properties makes Ag-doped TiCaPCON film with 1.2 at.% of Ag very attractive material for bioengineering and modification of load-bearing metal implant surfaces.

  20. Microstructure and electric characteristics of AETiO3 (AE=Mg, Ca, Sr doped CaCu3Ti4O12 thin films prepared by the sol–gel method

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dong Xu

    2015-10-01

    Full Text Available This paper focuses on the effects of alkline-earth metal titante AETiO3 (AE=Mg, Ca, Sr doping on the microstructure and electric characteristics of CaCu3Ti4O12 thin films prepared by the sol–gel method. The results showed that the grain size of CCTO thin films could be increased by MgTiO3 doping. The movement of the grain boundaries was impeded by the second phases of CaTiO3 and SrTiO3 concentrating at grain boundaries in CaTiO3 and SrTiO3 doped CCTO thin films. Rapid ascent of dielectric constant could be observed in 0.1Mg TiO3 doped CCTO thin films, which was almost as three times high as pure CCTO thin film and the descent of the dielectric loss at low frequency could also be observed. In addition, the nonlinear coefficient (α, threshold voltage (VT and leakage current (IL of AETiO3 doped CCTO thin films (AE=Mg, Ca, Sr showed different variation with the increasing content of the MgTiO3, CaTiO3 and SrTiO3.

  1. Consequences of Ca multisite occupation for the conducting properties of BaTiO{sub 3}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Zulueta, Y.A., E-mail: yohandysalexis.zuluetaleyva@student.kuleuven.be [Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad de Oriente, CP-90500 Santiago de Cuba (Cuba); Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven (Belgium); Dawson, J.A. [Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ (United Kingdom); Leyet, Y. [Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Av. General Rodrigo Otávio, 6200 – Coroado I, 69077-000 Manaus (Brazil); Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Av. General Rodrigo Otávio, 6200 – Coroado I, 69077-000 Manaus, Amazonas (Brazil); Anglada-Rivera, J. [Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Amazonas, Av. 7de Setembro, 1975, 69020-120 Manaus (Brazil); Guerrero, F. [Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Av. General Rodrigo Otávio, 6200 – Coroado I, 69077-000 Manaus, Amazonas (Brazil); Silva, R.S. [Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 49100-000 São Cristóvão, SE (Brazil); Nguyen, Minh Tho [Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven (Belgium)

    2016-11-15

    In combination with the dielectric modulus formalism and theoretical calculations, a newly developed defect incorporation mode, which is a combination of the standard A- and B-site doping mechanisms, is used to explain the conducting properties in 5 mol% Ca-doped BaTiO{sub 3}. Simulation results for Ca solution energies in the BaTiO{sub 3} lattice show that the new oxygen vacancy inducing mixed mode exhibits low defect energies. A reduction in dc conductivity compared with undoped BaTiO{sub 3} is witnessed for the incorporation of Ca. The conducting properties of 5 mol% Ca-doped BaTiO{sub 3} are analyzed using molecular dynamics and impedance spectroscopy. The ionic conductivity activation energies for each incorporation mode are calculated and good agreement with experimental data for oxygen migration is observed. The likely existence of the proposed defect configuration is also analyzed on the basis of these methods. - Graphical abstract: Oxygen vacancy formation as a result of self-compensation in Ca-doped BaTiO{sub 3}.

  2. Chemical solution deposition of CaCu3Ti4O12 thin film

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Administrator

    CaCu3Ti4O12; thin film; chemical solution deposition; dielectric properties. 1. Introduction. The CaCu3Ti4O12. (CCTO) compound has recently attracted considerable ... and Kelvin probe force microscopy (Chung et al 2004). Intrinsic .... SEM images of CCTO thin films as a function of sintering temperature. silicon based ...

  3. Preparation of CaTiO3 Asymmetric Membranes Using Polyetherimide as Binder Polymer

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Endang Purwanti Setyaningsih

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available Asymmetric dense and thin membranes have been prepared from powders of perovskite oxide-type CaTiO3 without cracking by phase inversion method. Polyetherimide was used as a polymeric binder in the method. The resulting green membranes, composed of CaTiO3 powder and polyetherimide binder, were sintered at 890, 1100 or 1200 °C. The crystal phase of CaTiO3 was analyzed using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD. The XRD pattern of the synthesized CaTiO3 powder was matched with the reference indicating the formation of CaTiO3 structure. Sintering at 890 °C fails to form a strong membrane. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM images of the membranes showed that the membrane had the asymmetric structure with dense layer on one side and porous layer on the other side. The pores in the porous layer were both finger-like and sponge-like structure. The mechanical strength of the membranes, which were determined by Vickers micro hardness method, varied from 3.5 to 25.8 Hv. The strongest membrane without any crack was resulted from sintering at 1200°C with hardness values between 19.4 and 25.8 Hv. Thermal expansion coefficients of the asymmetric membranes sintered at 1100 and 1200 °C, measured with Thermomechanical Analyzer (TMA, were 10.82 × 10-6 and 12.78 × 10-6.C-1 respectively.

  4. Ionic conductivity of the lithium titanium phosphate (Li/sub 1+x/M/sub x/Ti/sub 2-x/(PO/sub 4/)/sub 3/, M=Al, Sc, Y, and La) systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Aono, H.; Sugimoto, E.; Sadaaka, Y.; Imanaka, N.; Adachi, G.Y.

    1989-01-01

    High lithium ionic conductivity was obtained in Li/sub 1+X/M/sub X/Ti/sub 2-X/(PO/sub 4/)/sub 3/ (M=Al, Sc, Y, and La) systems. Lithium titanium phosphate, LiTi/sub 2/(PO/sub 4/)/sub 3/, is composed of both TiO/sub 6/ octahedra and PO/sub 4/ tetrahedra, which are linked by corners to form a three dimensional network, with a space group R3-barC. Some workers have already described that the conductivity increased considerably if Ti/sup 4+/ in LiTi/sub 2/(PO/sub 4/)/sub 3/ was substituted by slightly larger cations such as Ga/sup 3+/(1),Sc/sup 3+/(2), and In/sup 3+/(3,4). These results are similar to each other because of their close ionic radii. In this communication, substitution effects of Ti/sup 4+/ in LiTi/sub 2/(PO/sub 4/)/sub 3/ by various ions (Al/sup 3+/, Sc/sup 3+/, Y/sup 3+/, and La/sup 3+/) on their conductivities are reported

  5. Apparent vanishing of ferroelectricity in nanostructured BiScO3PbTiO3

    OpenAIRE

    Amorín , H; Jiménez , R; Ricote , J; Hungría , T; Castro , A; Algueró , M

    2010-01-01

    Abstract Nanostructured ceramics of high-temperature piezoelectric 0.375BiScO 3 -0.625PbTiO 3 were prepared by spark plasma sintering of nanocrystalline powders obtained by mechanosynthesis. The macroscopic electrical properties were characterized on dense ceramics with decreasing average grain size down to 28 nm. Results indicate that the electric field is screened by the electrically insulating grain boundaries at the nanoscale, which needs to be considered when discussing size effects i...

  6. Synthesis and characterization of CTO (CaTiO3)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Silva, M.A.S.; Fernandes, T.S. M.; Santiago, A.A.X.; Sombra, A.S.B.; Sales, J.C.

    2011-01-01

    The objective of this work is to study the ceramic material CTO (CaTiO 3 ) by X-Ray Diffraction. The composites of CTO are widely used in dielectric resonators in communication systems. The CTO was prepared by solid state method in a planetary high energy ball milling (Fritsch Pulverisette 5). Stoichiometric quantities of CaCO 3 (Aldrich 99%) and TiO 2 (Merck 99%) were dry milled during 4h with a rotational speed of 370 rpm and then calcined at 1000 deg C for 3h. After, the CTO was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The refinement showed that the CTO was formed with 100% mass, the graph of Williamson-Hall showed a homogeneous sample, with a contraction in the crystal lattice and a reasonably small particle size. (author)

  7. Radiolabeling of DOTATOC with the long-lived positron emitter {sup 44}Sc

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Pruszynski, Marek; Majkowska-Pilip, Agnieszka [Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warszawa (Poland); Loktionova, Natalia S.; Eppard, Elisabeth [Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, D-55128 Mainz (Germany); Roesch, Frank, E-mail: frank.roesch@uni-mainz.de [Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, D-55128 Mainz (Germany)

    2012-06-15

    The positron-emitting radionuclide {sup 44}Sc with a half-life of 3.97 h and a {beta}{sup +} branching of 94.3% is of potential interest for clinical PET. As so far it is available from a {sup 44}Ti/{sup 44}Sc generator in Mainz, where long-lived {sup 44}Ti decays to no-carrier-added (nca) {sup 44}Sc. The {sup 44}Sc is a trivalent metal cation and should be suitable for complexation with many well established bifunctional chelators conjugated to peptides or other molecular targeting vectors. Thus, the aim of this work was to investigate the potential of {sup 44}Sc for labeling of DOTA-conjugated peptides. DOTA-D-Phe{sup 1}-Tyr{sup 3}-octreotide (DOTATOC) was used as a model molecule to study and optimize labeling procedure. Reaction parameters such as buffer conditions, concentration of peptide, pH range, reaction temperature and time were optimized. Addition of 21 nmol of DOTATOC to {sup 44}Sc in ammonium acetate buffer pH 4.0 provided labeling yields >98% within 25 min of heating in an oil-bath at 95 Degree-Sign C. This time can be reduced to 3 min only by applying microwave supported heating. {sup 44}Sc-DOTATOC was found to be stable in 0.9% NaCl, PBS pH 7.4, fetal calf and human serums, and also in the presence of competing metal cations (Fe{sup 3+}, Ca{sup 2+}, Cu{sup 2+}, Mg{sup 2+}), as well as other ligand competitors, like EDTA and DTPA, even after almost 25 h incubation at 37 Degree-Sign C. Present study shows that nca {sup 44}Sc forms stable complexes with the macrocyclic ligand DOTA and that {sup 44}Sc-DOTATOC and analog targeting vectors may be synthesized for further preclinical and clinical investigations. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Labeling of somatostatin analouges with positron emitter {sup 44}Sc was tested. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer DOTATOC was labeled with {sup 44}Sc isotope. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Optimal conditions for {sup 44}Sc-DOTATOC synthesis were found. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Stability of {sup 44}Sc

  8. Ionic conductivity of Ca and Mg doped NdGdZr1.95Sc0.05O7

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anithakumari, P.; Mandal, B.P.; Grover, V.; Tyagi, A.K.; Mishra, A.K.

    2014-01-01

    The ionic conductivity of pyrochlore based materials makes them promising candidates for fuel-cell applications where high ionic conductivity and low activation energy are desired. Earlier it has been reported that 5%Sc doped GdNdZr 2 O 7 shows highest ionic conductivity. In this present work, an attempt has been made to further increase the oxygen vacancy concentration by the incorporation of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ions at A site of NdGdZr 1.95 Sc 0.05 O 7 (NGZS)

  9. Microwave dielectric properties of (Ca0.8Sr0.2)(SnxTi1−x)O3 ceramics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hsu, Cheng-Hsing; Chang, Chia-Hao

    2013-01-01

    Highlights: ► New microwave dielectric properties of (Ca 0.8 Sr 0.2 )(Sn x Ti 1−x )O 3 ceramics were investigated. ► A single-phase solid solution containing orthorhombic Pbnm with different Sn contents was formed. ► A significant improvement of Q × f value and τ f were achieved by (Ca 0.8 Sr 0.2 )(Sn x Ti 1−x )O 3 system. ► Second phases were formed and affected the dielectric properties of (Ca 0.8 Sr 0.2 )(Sn x Ti 1−x )O 3 system. ► Low cost and suitable τ f value of (Ca 0.8 Sr 0.2 )(Sn x Ti 1−x )O 3 demonstrate a good potential for use in microwave device. -- Abstract: In this paper, we study the behavior of the B-site behavior with the incorporation of Sn 4+ ion in (Ca 0.8 Sr 0.2 )TiO 3 ceramics. An excess of Sn 4+ resulted in the formation of a secondary phase of CaSnO 3 and SrSnO 3 affecting the microwave dielectric properties of the (Ca 0.8 Sr 0.2 )(Sn x Ti 1−x )O 3 ceramics. The dielectric properties of the (Ca 0.8 Sr 0.2 )(Sn x Ti 1−x )O 3 ceramics were improved because of the solid solution of Sn 4+ substitution in the B-site. The temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τ f ) of the (Ca 0.8 Sr 0.2 )(Sn x Ti 1−x )O 3 ceramics also improved with increasing Sn content

  10. Experimental Investigation of Electrical Conductivity and Permittivity of SC-TiO 2 -EG Nanofluids

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fal, Jacek; Barylyak, Adriana; Besaha, Khrystyna; Bobitski, Yaroslav V.; Cholewa, Marian; Zawlik, Izabela; Szmuc, Kamil; Cebulski, Józef; żyła, Gaweł

    2016-08-01

    The paper presents experimental studies of dielectric properties of nanofluids based on ethylene glycol and SC-TiO2 nanoparticles with average size of 15-40 nm with various mass concentrations. The dielectric permittivity both real part and imaginary part as a function of temperature and frequency were measured. Also, dependence ac conductivity on frequency, temperature, and mass concentration were investigated. Based on the curves of ac conductivity, dc conductivity was calculated, and 400 % enhancement in dc conductivity was exposed.

  11. Adsorption effect in non-reaction wetting: In-Ti on CaF2

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Glickman, E.; Fuks, D.; Frage, N.; Barzilai, S.; Froumin, N.

    2012-01-01

    The experiments show that the alloying liquid In with only (0.1-0.5) at% Ti dramatically reduces the equilibrium contact angle Θ ∞ formed by In on the surface of CaF 2 . The aim of this paper is to clarify whether this practically important and conceptually challenging effect can be explained solely by Ti adsorption at the F-terminated solid-liquid interface without resorting to any other Ti-induced effect. The combination of ab initio calculations and regular solution approximation was proposed for finding the binding energy, ΔE Ti of Ti adatom with the interface ''CaF 2 /liquid solutions In-Ti.'' With thus obtained ΔE Ti =1.16 eV, we calculated from the Shishkovsky isotherm the reduction in the solid-liquid interface energy, Δγ SL induced by Ti adsorption from liquid In with various Ti concentration, C. It was found that Δγ SL (C) dependence demonstrated close inverse correspondence with Θ ∞ (C) and that the theory fitted very well all available experimental data on the concentration and temperature dependence of Δγ SL . It was concluded that the Ti adsorption effect is large enough to account for the observed wetting improvement. The proposed multiscale modeling approach to the role of adsorption in wetting can be applied also to other nonreactive systems ''liquid metal-ceramics'' where the substrate determines the surface density of the adsorption sites for the active element. (orig.)

  12. Inclusion Modification by Al Deoxidation and Ca Treatment in Ti Containing 18%Cr Stainless Steel Melts

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kim, Kyung-Ho; Do, Kyung-Hyo; Choi, Won-Jin; Kim, Dong-Sic; Pak, Jong-Jin; Lee, Sang-Beum

    2013-01-01

    Titanium is added to ferritic stainless steels in the range of 0.2-0.3 wt% to improve corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. However, titanium is very reactive with oxygen in liquid steel, and it can cause an unstable Ti yield. Therefore, titanium is generally added after the aluminum deoxidation process in the ladle. However, the inclusions formed by Al-Ti deoxidation can cause nozzle clogging and various defects in final products. Calcium injection can be carried out to resolve these problems. In this study, two different deoxidation patterns of Al→Ti and Al→Ti→Ca additions were carried out in Fe-18%Cr ferritic stainless steel melt at 1873 K. The melt composition and the inclusion morphology changes during the deoxidation process were investigated. With Al→Ti addition, the Al_2O_3 inclusions changed to dual phase Al_2O_3-TiO_X inclusions with time by the reaction with Ti in the melt. The morphology of the inclusions in the melt finally changed to a polygonal type indicating that the inclusions were solid phase. The size and number of inclusions in the melt did not change with time after Ti addition. With of Al→Ti→Ca addition, Ca reacted with Al_2O_3-TiO_X inclusions to form liquid CaOAl_2O_3 inclusions embedded with solid CaTiO_3 particles. The morphology of the inclusions in the melt were observed to be spherical and polygonal. The size of inclusions in the melt increased and the number of inclusions decreased by the coalescence of liquid inclusions.

  13. Studies of the effects of TiCl3 in LiBH4/CaH2/TiCl3 reversible hydrogen storage system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Liu Dongan; Yang Jun; Ni Jun; Drews, Andy

    2012-01-01

    Highlights: ► We systematically studied the effects of TiCl 3 in LiBH 4 /CaH 2 /TiCl 3 hydrogen storage system. ► It is found that adding 0.25 TiCl 3 produces fully reversible hydrogen absorption and desorption and a lower desorption temperature. ► LiCl experiences four different states, i.e. “formed-solid solution-molten solution-precipitation”, in the whole desorption process of the system. ► The incorporation of LiCl into LiBH 4 forms more viscous molten LiBH 4 ·LiCl, leading to fast kinetics. ► The precipitation and re-incorporation of LiCl into LiBH 4 lead to a fully reversible complex hydrogen storage system. - Abstract: In the present study, the effects of TiCl 3 on desorption kinetics, absorption/desorption reversibility, and related phase transformation processes in LiBH 4 /CaH 2 /TiCl 3 hydrogen storage system was studied systematically by varying its concentration (x = 0, 0.05, 0.15 and 0.25). The results show that LiCl forms during ball milling of 6LiBH 4 /CaH 2 /xTiCl 3 and that as temperature increases, o-LiBH 4 transforms into h-LiBH 4 , into which LiCl incorporates, forming solid solution of LiBH 4 ·LiCl, which melts above 280 °C. Molten LiBH 4 ·LiCl is more viscous than molten LiBH 4 , preventing the clustering of LiBH 4 and the accompanied agglomeration of CaH 2 , and thus preserving the nano-sized phase arrangement formed during ball milling. Above 350 °C, the molten solution LiBH 4 ·LiCl further reacts with CaH 2 , precipitating LiCl. The main hydrogen desorption reaction is between molten LiBH 4 ·LiCl and CaH 2 and not between molten LiBH 4 and CaH 2 . This alters the hydrogen reaction thermodynamics and lowers the hydrogen desorption temperature. In addition, the solid–liquid nano-sized phase arrangement in the nano-composites improves the hydrogen reaction kinetics. The reversible incorporation/precipitation of LiCl at the hydrogen reaction temperature and during temperature cycling makes the 6LiBH 4 /CaH 2 /0.25TiCl 3

  14. Dielectric and piezoelectric properties of sol-gel derived Ca doped PbTiO3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chauhan, Arun Kumar Singh; Gupta, Vinay; Sreenivas, K.

    2006-01-01

    Synthesis of Ca doped PbTiO 3 powder by a chemically derived sol-gel process is described. Crystallization characteristics of different compositions Pb 1-x Ca x TiO 3 (PCT) with varying calcium (Ca) content in the range x = 0-0.45 has been investigated by DTA/TGA, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The crystallization temperature is found to decrease with increasing calcium content. X-ray diffraction reveals a tetragonal structure for PCT compositions with x ≤ 0.35, and a cubic structure for x = 0.45. Dielectric properties on sintered ceramics prepared with fine sol-gel derived powders have been measured. The dielectric constant is found to increase with increasing Ca content, and the dielectric loss decreases continuously. Sol-gel derived Pb 1-x Ca x TiO 3 ceramics with x = 0.45 after poling exhibit infinite electromechanical anisotropy (k t /k p ) with a high d 33 = 80 pC/N, ε' = 298 and low dielectric loss (tan δ = 0.0041)

  15. Subsolidus Phase Relations of the CaO-REOx-CuO Systems (RE = Eu, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Lu and Sc) at 900 °C in Air

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Grivel, Jean-Claude

    2016-01-01

    The subsolidus phase relations of the CaO-REOx-CuO systems (RE = Eu, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Lu and Sc) were investigated in air at 900 °C. The pseudo-ternary sections with RE = Tb, Dy, Ho, Er and Lu have a similar structure. They have in common with the RE = Eu system a solid solution of Ca0.833−xRExCuO2......+y composition but the system with RE = Eu differs by the presence of an Eu2CuO4 phase instead of RE2Cu2O5 for RE = Tb, Dy, Ho, Er and Lu. In contrast, the CaO-ScO1.5-CuO section does not contain a Ca0.833−xScxCuO2+y solid solution and is dominated by the CaSc2O4 phase, which has no equivalent...... in the other systems at 900 °C in air....

  16. Quantitative analysis of UV excitation bands for red emissions in Pr3+-doped CaTiO3, SrTiO3 and BaTiO3 phosphors by peak fitting

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fujiwara, Rei; Sano, Hiroyuki; Shimizu, Mikio; Kuwabara, Makoto

    2009-01-01

    A quantitative spectral analysis of the ultraviolet (UV) broad excitation bands, which are located in the range 300-400 nm, for red emissions at around 610 nm in Pr-doped CaTiO 3 , SrTiO 3 :Al and BaTiO 3 :Mg phosphors has been carried out using a peak fitting technique. The obtained results demonstrate that the UV broad band of CaTiO 3 :Pr consists of four primary excitation bands centered around 330, 335, 365 and 380 nm and those of both SrTiO 3 :Al and BaTiO 3 :Mg consist of three primary bands centered around 310, 345 and 370 nm. Based on the behavior patterns and the values of the respective primary excitation bands' parameters, i.e. center gravity (λ top ), maximum height (I max ) and full-width at half-maximum (FWHM), the UV-to-red relaxation processes in these titanate phosphors can be explained to be essentially the same, except for the existence of an additional relaxation pathway via electron-trap states in CaTiO 3 :Pr, which gives a characteristic shape of its UV excitation spectrum in the wavelength range of >360 nm

  17. Investigation of structural and optical properties of CaTiO3 powders doped with Mg2+ and Eu3+ ions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Oliveira, Larissa H.; Savioli, Julia; Moura, Ana P. de; Nogueira, Içamira C.; Li, Maximo S.; Longo, Elson; Varela, José A.; Rosa, Ieda L.V.

    2015-01-01

    In this work, CaTiO 3 powders doped with Mg 2+ ions and CaTiO 3 powders co-doped with Mg 2+ and Eu 3+ ions were prepared by the polymeric precursor method (PPM). These powders were characterized by different characterization techniques to study the influence of Mg 2+ doping as well as Mg 2+ and Eu 3+ co-doping in structural and optical properties of CaTiO 3 perovskite-type structure. The Rietveld refinement and Micro-Raman analyses suggested the substitution Mg 2+ and Eu 3+ ions in the A-site of CaTiO 3 perovskite. The influence of Mg 2+ doping can be detected by the displacement of calcium and oxygen atomic positions when compared to the non-doped CaTiO 3 powder. When Eu 3+ ions are added to the A-site of this perovskite the excess of positive charge can be compensated by the formation of calcium vacancies. Luminescence data showed that Ca 1-x Mg x TiO 3 and Ca 1x Mg x/2 Eu 2y/3 TiO 3 powders are potential materials for fabrication of lighting devices based on near-UV and blue LED using an excitation wavelength of 397 and/or 450 nm. - Highlights: • CaTiO 3 co-doped with Mg 2+ and Eu 3+ were obtained by the Polymeric Precursor Method. • Incorporation of Mg 2+ and Eu 3+ ions in the CaTiO 3 lattice. • Enhancement of the Eu 3+ photoluminescence

  18. Preparation and characterizations of Ba0.8Ca0.2TiO3 by complex polymerization method (CPM)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Motta, F.V.; Marques, A.P.A.; Escote, M.T.; Melo, D.M.A.; Ferreira, A.G.; Longo, E.; Leite, E.R.; Varela, J.A.

    2008-01-01

    Ba 0.8 Ca 0.2 TiO 3 (BCT) was prepared by the complex polymerization method (CPM) using Ba 0.8 Ca 0.2 CO 3 and [Ti[OCH(CH 3 ) 2 ] 4 as starting materials. The powders were crystallized at several temperatures from 400 to 1200 deg. C using different times (from 1 to 8 h). The phase evolution and the physical properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman and IR spectroscopy. Such results indicate that the precursor Ba 0.8 Ca 0.2 CO 3 used in the synthesis of Ba 0.8 Ca 0.2 TiO 3 promotes an effective complexation of the ions Ca 2+ in the matrix of BaTiO 3 . After heat treatment for 2 h at 600 deg. C the phase BCT was obtained with absence of the CaTiO 3 or BaCO 3 phases. The CPM is an efficient method in the synthesis of the BCT, using small reaction time and low temperature and cost for the preparation of these powders

  19. Evaluation of growth of calcium phosphate ceramics on sintered Ti-Ca-P composites

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Karanjai, Malobika [Centre for Nano Materials, International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials, Balapur P.O, Hyderabad - 500 005, Andhra Pradesh (India)], E-mail: malobika_k@rediffmail.com; Sundaresan, Ranganathan [Centre for Nano Materials, International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials, Balapur P.O, Hyderabad - 500 005, Andhra Pradesh (India); Mohan, Tallapragada Raja Rama; Kashyap, Bhagwati Prasad [Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai - 400 076, Maharashtra (India)

    2008-12-01

    Sintered Ti-Ca-P composites having in situ formed calcium phosphate phases developed by powder metallurgy processing were soaked for 28 days in simulated body fluid (SBF) with a pH of 7.4 at 37 deg. C and evaluated for the growth of calcium phosphate ceramics onto its surface. The composites were taken out once every 7 days and characterised using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for evaluating the Ca-P growth. Based on the change in chemistry of the SBF and phase contents, a model has been proposed for mechanism of growth of calcium phosphate compounds on sintered Ti-Ca-P composites immersed in SBF.

  20. Dielectric and piezoelectric properties of sol-gel derived Ca doped PbTiO{sub 3}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Chauhan, Arun Kumar Singh [Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007 (India); Gupta, Vinay [Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007 (India)]. E-mail: drvin_gupta@rediffmail.com; Sreenivas, K. [Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007 (India)

    2006-06-15

    Synthesis of Ca doped PbTiO{sub 3} powder by a chemically derived sol-gel process is described. Crystallization characteristics of different compositions Pb{sub 1-x}Ca {sub x}TiO{sub 3} (PCT) with varying calcium (Ca) content in the range x = 0-0.45 has been investigated by DTA/TGA, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The crystallization temperature is found to decrease with increasing calcium content. X-ray diffraction reveals a tetragonal structure for PCT compositions with x {<=} 0.35, and a cubic structure for x = 0.45. Dielectric properties on sintered ceramics prepared with fine sol-gel derived powders have been measured. The dielectric constant is found to increase with increasing Ca content, and the dielectric loss decreases continuously. Sol-gel derived Pb{sub 1-x}Ca {sub x}TiO{sub 3} ceramics with x = 0.45 after poling exhibit infinite electromechanical anisotropy (k {sub t}/k {sub p}) with a high d {sub 33} = 80 pC/N, {epsilon}' = 298 and low dielectric loss (tan {delta} = 0.0041)

  1. Persistent deNOx Ability of CaAl2O4:(Eu, Nd/TiO2-xNy Luminescent Photocatalyst

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Li Huihui

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Abstract CaAl2O4:(Eu, Nd/TiO2-xNy composite luminescent photocatalyst was successfully synthesized by a simple planetary ball milling process. Improvement of photocatalytic deNOx ability of TiO2-xNy, together with the persistent photocatalytic activity for the decomposition of NO after turning off the light were realized, by coupling TiO2-xNy with long afterglow phosphor, CaAl2O4:(Eu, Nd. The novel persistent photocatalytic behavior was related to the overlap between the absorption wavelength of TiO2-xNy and the emission wavelength of the CaAl2O4:(Eu, Nd. It was found that CaAl2O4:(Eu, Nd/TiO2-xNy composites provided the luminescence to persist photocatalytic reaction for more than 3 h after turning off the light. Graphical Abstract CaAl2O4:(Eu, Nd/TiO2-xNy composite luminescent photocatalyst with persistent deNOx activity after turning off the light was successfully synthesized by a simple planetary ball milling process. The novel persistent photocatalytic behavior was related to the overlap between the absorption wavelength of TiO2-xNy and the emission wavelength of the CaAl2O4:(Eu, Nd. Additional file 1 Click here for file

  2. Multiphase nanodomains in a strained BaTiO3 film on a GdScO3 substrate

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kobayashi, Shunsuke; Inoue, Kazutoshi; Kato, Takeharu; Ikuhara, Yuichi; Yamamoto, Takahisa

    2018-02-01

    Controlling the crystal structure of ferroelectric materials via epitaxial strain, which is a well-known technique in strain engineering, can lead to the formation of unique domain structures generating non-intrinsic phenomena such as electronic conductivity, photovoltages, and enhanced piezoelectric characteristics. Strained BaTiO3 films are promising ferroelectric materials as theoretical modeling predicts that different domain morphologies can introduce additional properties not observed in conventional BaTiO3 ceramics. To rationally design materials for practical application, a thorough understanding of the formation mechanisms and stabilities of different domain structures in strained BaTiO3 films is required. However, there have been very few experimental reports on this topic, and details about the domain structures in strained BaTiO3 films are currently lacking. In this paper, we report multiphase nanodomains in a strained BaTiO3 film deposited on an orthorhombic GdScO3 substrate. The phase-transition behavior of the strained BaTiO3 film reveals that it contains multiple phases at room temperature; the film first undergoes a phase-transition upon heating at around 550 K, and then a paraelectric phase forms at temperatures above 690 K. A picometer-scale analysis of the Ti ion displacements, using an advanced scanning transmission electron microscopy technique, is used to characterize the complex multiphase nanodomains, providing useful insights into the control of domain structures in BaTiO3 films by applying epitaxial strain.

  3. Light up conversion effects in Erbium doped CaBi4Ti4O15 ceramics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bokolia, Renuka; Sreenivas, K.

    2013-01-01

    In recent years the rare earth doped bismuth layered structured ferroelectric (BLSF) compositions such as CaBi 4 Ti 4 O 15 , SrBi 4 Ti 4 O 15 and BaBi 4 Ti 4 O 15 ceramics have shown interesting light up-conversion emission effects. The observation of such novel effects has generated a lot of scientific interest, and there is a need to further improve their dielectric, piezoelectric and light up-conversion properties. In the present study, Erbium doped CaBi 4 Ti 4 O 15 (CBT), and SrBi 4 Ti 4 O 15 (SBT) ferroelectric ceramic have been prepared by the conventional solid state reaction method. Formation of single phase material is confirmed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and changes occurring in the lattice parameters with Erbium dopant are analysed. Room temperature dielectric studies and ferroelectric studies will be discussed. (author)

  4. Reactive spark plasma synthesis of CaZrTi2O7 zirconolite ceramics for plutonium disposition

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sun, Shi-Kuan; Stennett, Martin C.; Corkhill, Claire L.; Hyatt, Neil C.

    2018-03-01

    Near single phase zirconolite ceramics, prototypically CaZrTi2O7, were fabricated by reactive spark plasma sintering (RSPS), from commercially available CaTiO3, ZrO2 and TiO2 reagents, after processing at 1200 °C for only 1 h. Ceramics were of theoretical density and formed with a controlled mean grain size of 1.9 ± 0.6 μm. The reducing conditions of RSPS afforded the presence of paramagnetic Ti3+, as demonstrated by EPR spectroscopy. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential for RSPS to be a disruptive technology for disposition of surplus separated plutonium stockpiles in ceramic wasteforms, given its inherent advantage of near net shape products and rapid throughput.

  5. New nuclear data evaluations for Ca and Sc isotopes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Koning, Arjan; Duijvestijn, Marieke

    2007-01-01

    New ENDF-6 formatted nuclear data libraries are presented for 40,42,43,44,46,48 Ca and 45 Sc, for incident neutrons and protons. Apart from the resonance range, which we have adopted from the best available source in existing libraries, the nuclear data evaluations are completely revised in the 0-20MeV energy range, and, moreover, extend up to 200 MeV. This collection of isotopic evaluations is created by using the nuclear model code TALYS with a consistent set of input parameters for all isotopes. The most important nuclear reaction models needed for our data files are described. We have intended to make these evaluations complete in their description of reaction channels and use a consistent method to store the data in ENDF-6 format, which include cross sections, angular distributions, double-differential spectra, discrete and continuum photon production cross sections, and residual production (activation) cross sections including isomers. It is shown that the data present in our libraries give an improved agreement with the existing basic experimental data. (author)

  6. Preparation, characterization and activity evaluation of CaZrTi2O7 photocatalyst

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chen Shifu; Ji Mingsong; Yuang Yunguang; Liu Wei

    2012-01-01

    CaZrTi 2 O 7 photocatalyst sample was prepared by a polymerizable complex method. The photocatalyst was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, photoluminescence emission spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, N 2 adsorption measurements, and terephthalic acid probed fluorescence technique. The photocatalytic activity of the sample was evaluated by photocatalytic oxidation of methyl orange and photocatalytic reduction of Cr 2 O 7 2− and nitrobenzene. The results showed that when the reaction solution was illuminated by UV light for 50 min, the photooxidation efficiency of methyl orange and the photoreduction efficiency of Cr 2 O 7 2− were 83.1% and 87.9%, respectively. When methanol was used as the holes scavengers and the illumination time was 10 h in the photocatalytic reduction experiment of nitrobenzene, the production efficiency of aniline was 70.3%. The effect of the heat treatment conditions on the photocatalytic activity was also investigated. The optimum preparation condition for CaZrTi 2 O 7 sample is 800 °C for 12 h. The mechanisms of influence on the photocatalytic activity of the sample were also discussed with the valance band theory. - Highlights: ► CaZrTi 2 O 7 photocatalyst was prepared by a polymerizable complex method. ► The heat treatment has a significant influence on the photocatalytic activity. ► The optimal heat treatment condition is approximately 800 °C for 12 h. ► The CaZrTi 2 O 7 has the band bap of about 2.89 eV with particle size of about 80 nm.

  7. Study of the structural and electrical behavior of Bi(Mg,TiO3 modified (Ba,CaTiO3 ceramics

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Md. Kashif Shamim

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available The ability of BaTiO3 to form solid solutions with different dopants (both iso- and aliovalent makes it versatile for various applications. In the present study, (Ba,CaTiO3 (BCT is modified with Bi(MgTiO3 (BMT in search for new lead-free ferroelectric material and improve their properties. For this purpose, BCT acts as a main base material and BMT acts as a modifier to fabricate a multifunctional material. In this study, we report the structural and electrical properties of lead free piezo-ceramics (1−x(Ba0.8Ca0.2TiO3–xBi(Mg0.5Ti0.5O3 with x=0.2, 0.4, 0.5 prepared by solid-state sintering technique. Single perovskite phase with tetragonal structure is obtained for all the compositions, which is reconfirmed by the Raman Spectroscopic study. Dielectric study confirm the temperature stable behavior of the dielectric permittivity values above 300∘C. The dielectric constant value decreases with increase in BMT doping content. Impedance Spectroscopic study confirms non-Debye type dielectric relaxation in the specimen. The Nyquist plot and conductivity studies show the negative temperature coefficient of resistance behavior (NTCR of the samples.

  8. The 15th Internatonal Conference Quality in Resarch (Qir) 2017 Preparation and Ionic Conductivity of Li3.9Ca0.1Ti5O12 Using Waste Chicken Eggshells as ca Source for Anode Material of Lithium-Ion Batteries

    Science.gov (United States)

    Subhan, Achmad; Setiawan, Dedy; Ahmiatri Saptari, Sitti

    2018-03-01

    Li3.9Ca0.1Ti5O12 has been synthesized as anode material for lithium-ion batteries parallel with Li4Ti5O12 anode material using solid state reaction method in an air atmosphere. LiOH.H2O, TiO2, and waste chicken eggshells in the form of CaCO3 were chosen as sources of Li, Ti, and Ca respectively and prepared using stoichiometric. The phase structure, morphology, and electrochemical impedance of as-prepared samples were characterized using XRD, SEM, and EIS. The XRD characterization revealed that in Li3.9Ca0.1Ti5O12 sample, all amount of dopant had entered the lattice structure of Li4Ti5O12. The EDX image also detect the existence of Ca in the structure of Li3.9Ca0.1Ti5O12. The EIS characterization revealed that the Li3.9Ca0.1Ti5O12 sample had lower electrochemical impedance compared to the Li4Ti5O12 sample. The diffusion coefficient were obtained by Faraday’s method, and exhibited that the Li3.9Ca0.1Ti5O12 sample (1.46986 × 10-12 cm2/s) had higher ionic conductivity than the Li4Ti5O12 sample (4.40995 × 10-16 cm2/s). According to the cycle performance test, the Li3.9Ca0.1Ti5O12 sample also had higher charge-discharge capacity and stability compared to the Li4Ti5O12 sample.

  9. New separation method of no-carrier-added {sup 47}Sc from titanium targets

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bartos, B.; Majkowska, A.; Kasperek, A.; Krajewski, S.; Bilewicz, A. [Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warszawa (Poland). Nuclear Chemistry and Radiochemistry Center

    2012-07-01

    Radionuclides with medium energy beta emission and a several day half-life are attractive candidates for radioimmunotherapy. Among the most promising in this category is {sup 47}Sc produced by fast neutron irradiation (E{sub n} > 1 MeV) of titanium target with high energy neutrons in {sup 47}Ti(n,p){sup 47}Sc nuclear reaction. In the previously reported production scheme the dissolution of the TiO{sub 2} target in hot concentrated H{sub 2}SO{sub 4} and evaporation of the resulting solution were the most time-consuming steps. The present paper describes new, simple and efficient production method of {sup 47}Sc, where the slow dissolution of the target is avoided. After irradiation in fast neutron flux {sup 47}TiO{sub 2} and Li{sub 2}{sup 47}TiF{sub 6} targets were dissolved in HF solutions. Next {sup 47}Sc was separated from the target using anion exchange resin Dowex 1 with 0.4 M HF + 0.06 M HNO{sub 3} solution as eluent. The eluted {sup 47}Sc was adsorbed on cation exchange resin and eluted with 0.5 M of ammonium acetate. The 47Sc separation yield in the proposed procedure is about 90% with the separation time less than 2 h. The obtained no-carrier-added {sup 47}Sc was used to label DOTATATE conjugate with 96% labeling yield. (orig.)

  10. Vacancy induced metallicity at the CaHfO3/SrTiO3 interface

    KAUST Repository

    Nazir, Safdar

    2011-03-31

    Density functional theory is used to study the electronic properties of the oxide heterointerfaceCaHfO3/SrTiO3. Structural relaxation is carried out with and without O vacancies. As compared to related interfaces, strongly reduced octahedral distortions are found. Stoichiometric interfaces between the wide band gap insulatorsCaHfO3 and SrTiO3 turn out to exhibit an insulating state. However, interface metallicity is introduced by O vacancies, in agreement with experiment. The reduced octahedral distortions and necessity of O deficiency indicate a less complicated mechanism for the creation of the interfacial electron gas.

  11. Vacancy induced metallicity at the CaHfO3/SrTiO3 interface

    KAUST Repository

    Nazir, Safdar; Pulikkotil, J. J.; Schwingenschlö gl, Udo; Singh, Nirpendra

    2011-01-01

    Density functional theory is used to study the electronic properties of the oxide heterointerfaceCaHfO3/SrTiO3. Structural relaxation is carried out with and without O vacancies. As compared to related interfaces, strongly reduced octahedral distortions are found. Stoichiometric interfaces between the wide band gap insulatorsCaHfO3 and SrTiO3 turn out to exhibit an insulating state. However, interface metallicity is introduced by O vacancies, in agreement with experiment. The reduced octahedral distortions and necessity of O deficiency indicate a less complicated mechanism for the creation of the interfacial electron gas.

  12. Improvement in antibacterial properties of Ti by electrodeposition of biomimetic Ca-P apatite coat on anodized titania

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gad El-Rab, Sanaa M.F. [Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif (Saudi Arabia); Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Asuit University, Asuit (Egypt); Fadl-allah, Sahar A., E-mail: Sahar.fadlallah@yahoo.com [Materials and Corrosion Lab (MCL), Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif (Saudi Arabia); Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo (Egypt); Montser, A.A. [Materials and Corrosion Lab (MCL), Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif (Saudi Arabia); Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, South-Valley University (Egypt)

    2012-11-15

    Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Ca-P coating on titania titanium surface was directly fabricated successfully by electrochemical deposition. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Treatment the titanium surface by TiO{sub 2} could improve the adhesion strength between the Ca-P coating and the surface. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Anodization treatment in phosphoric acid is benefit to inhibit the oral bacteria. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer According to the electrochemical corrosion test, corrosion resistance of Ti was improved by both anodization and electrodeposition of the Ca-P/titania coating. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Ca-P/titania sample is believed to be a functional biomaterial which combines antibacterial activity and good corrosion resistance in bioenvironment. - Abstract: Titanium metal (Ti) with antibacterial function was successfully developed in the present study by electrodeposition of biomimetic Ca-P coat in simple supersaturated calcium and phosphate solution (SCPS). The electrochemical behavior and corrosion resistance of Ca-P deposited on anodized titanium (AT) have been investigated in SCPS by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The plate-counting method was used to evaluate the antibacterial performance against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC6538). In vitro antibacterial activity study indicated a significantly reduced number of bacteria S. aureus on Ca-P/AT plate surface when compared with that on Ti or AT surfaces and the corresponding antibacterial mechanism is discussed. The morphology and chemical structure of different titanium samples were systematically investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The study confirmed that the antibacterial properties of the samples were related to chemical composition of sample surface.

  13. Investigation of laser cladding high temperature anti-wear composite coatings on Ti6Al4V alloy with the addition of self-lubricant CaF2

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Xiang, Zhan-Feng; Liu, Xiu-Bo; Ren, Jia; Luo, Jian; Shi, Shi-Hong; Chen, Yao; Shi, Gao-Lian; Wu, Shao-Hua

    2014-01-01

    Highlights: • A novel high temperature self-lubricating wear-resistant coating was fabricated. • TiC carbides and self-lubricant CaF 2 were “in situ” synthesized in the coating. • The coating with the addition of CaF 2 possessed superior properties than without. - Abstract: To improve the high-temperature tribological properties of Ti–6Al–4V alloy, γ-NiCrAlTi/TiC and γ-NiCrAlTi/TiC/CaF 2 coatings were fabricated on Ti–6Al–4V alloy by laser cladding. The phase compositions and microstructure of the coatings were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The tribological behaviors were evaluated using a ball-on-disk tribometer from ambient temperature to 600 °C under dry sliding wear conditions and the corresponding wear mechanisms were discussed. The results indicated that the γ-NiCrAlTi/TiC/CaF 2 coating consisted of α-Ti, the “in situ” synthesized TiC block particles and dendrite, γ-NiCrAlTi solid solution and spherical CaF 2 particles. The wear rates of γ-NiCrAlTi/TiC/CaF 2 coating were decreased greatly owing to the combined effects of the reinforced carbides and continuous lubricating films. Furthermore, the friction coefficients of γ-NiCrAlTi/TiC/CaF 2 coating presented minimum value of 0.21 at 600 °C, which was reduced by 43% and 50% compared to the substrate and γ-NiCrAlTi/TiC coating respectively. It was considered that the γ-NiCrAlTi/TiC/CaF 2 coating exhibited excellent friction-reducing and anti-wear properties at high temperature

  14. Influence of Ti{sup 4+} on the magnetic state of CaRu{sub 1-x}Ti{sub x}O{sub 3}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Zorkovska, A. [Centre of Low Temperature Physics of the Faculty of Science UPJS and Institute of Experimental Physics SAS, 04154 Kosice (Slovakia)]. E-mail: anna.zorkovska@upjs.sk; Baran, A. [Centre of Low Temperature Physics of the Faculty of Science UPJS and Institute of Experimental Physics SAS, 04154 Kosice (Slovakia); Bradaric, I. [' Vinca' Institute of Nuclear Sciences, 11001 Belgrade (Serbia and Montenegro); Savic, I. [Faculty of Physics, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade (Serbia and Montenegro); Sebek, J. [Institute of Physics AS CR, 18221 Prague (Czech Republic); Santava, E. [Institute of Physics AS CR, 18221 Prague (Czech Republic); Svoboda, P. [Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, DES, 12116 Prague (Czech Republic); Marincev, D. [Department of Physics, Military Academy, 11000 Belgrade (Serbia and Montenegro); Kohout, S. [Physik Inst. der Universitaet Zuerich, CH 80-57 Zurich (Switzerland); Keller, H. [Physik Inst. der Universitaet Zuerich, CH 80-57 Zurich (Switzerland); Feher, A. [Centre of Low Temperature Physics of the Faculty of Science UPJS and Institute of Experimental Physics SAS, 04154 Kosice (Slovakia)

    2007-09-15

    In order to shed more light on the character of magnetic correlations at low temperatures in CaRuO{sub 3}, the delicate effect of substituting nonmagnetic Ti{sup 4+} for Ru{sup 4+} in low concentrations (0.5-15%) has been investigated by magnetization, AC-susceptibility and specific heat measurements. Despite the clear features in magnetic measurement data at 34K no specific heat anomaly has been observed, nevertheless, two temperature regions with different magnetic characters have been identified. In pure CaRuO{sub 3} significant low-temperature upturn of C/T is visible below 15K. This feature is suppressed by Ti substitution.

  15. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy investigation of CaTiO3:Eu for luminescence property: effect of Eu3+ ion

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wang, Kaichen; Zhao, Baijun; Gao, Lu

    2016-01-01

    Graphical abstract: The influence on the photoluminescent performance due to the electronic structure change in Eu-doped CaTiO 3 of the specific core-level and valence band spectrum via X-ray photoemission spectroscopy were characterized. - Highlights: • Single phase CaTiO 3 and CaTiO 3 : Eu crystals were prepared under mild hydrothermal method. • Crystal structure, doping level and the relations to their luminescent property were discussed. • Charge compensation mechanism was discussed via valance band spectrum by XPS. - Abstract: Charge compensation of on-site Eu 4f–5d transition that determines the luminescent performance was confirmed with valance band spectrum. Influence of photoelectrons from CaTiO 3 : Eu to the corresponding luminescent performance was discussed based on the crystal structure, doping level and the relations to their luminescent property. This paper is important to further optimize the luminescent performance for improving the efficiency and reducing the cost in light emitting diode industry.

  16. Investigation into the use of CaZrO3 as a facecoat material in the investment casting of TiAl alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yuan, C.; Cheng, X.; Withey, P.A.

    2015-01-01

    Research was carried out to determine the interactions between the filler and stucco materials in CaZrO 3 based facecoats during shell firing as well as between the facecoat and a TiAl alloy during the casting process. A ‘flash re-melting’ technique, which gives a similar heating profile to the actual investment casting process, was used to study the phase transformations in the shell moulds. The chemical inertness of the facecoat was then investigated using a sessile drop test using a Ti–45Al–2Nb–2Mn–0.2TiB alloy. In this study, the facecoat compositions and the interaction products between metal and shells were characterized using x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A severe interaction was found between CaZrO 3 filler and Al 2 O 3 stucco, which rapidly damaged the shell surface. As well as oxygen, zirconium and silicon ions from the shell moulds were also observed to penetrate into the TiAl metal to form (Ti, Zr) 5 (Al, Si) 3 phases in the metal/shell interfacial areas. - Highlights: • To determine the interactions between CaZrO 3 filler and stucco materials during shell firing. • To study the reaction between the CaZrO 3 facecoat and TiAl alloy during casting. • The Al 2 O 3 stucco can react with CaZrO 3 filler to form (Zr, Ca)O 2 and CaAl x O y at 1650 °C. • O, Zr and Si ions from the ceramic moulds were observed to penetrate into the TiAl metal. • The reaction products include (Ti, Zr) 5 (Al, Si) 3 and ZrAl 2 phase with high Ti ions solid solution

  17. Studies of the effects of TiCl{sub 3} in LiBH{sub 4}/CaH{sub 2}/TiCl{sub 3} reversible hydrogen storage system

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Liu Dongan [Ford Motor Company, Research and Advanced Engineering, MD 1170/RIC, Dearborn, MI 48121 (United States); Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1023 H. H. Dow Building 2350 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125 (United States); Yang Jun, E-mail: jyang27@ford.com [Ford Motor Company, Research and Advanced Engineering, MD 1170/RIC, Dearborn, MI 48121 (United States); Ni Jun [Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1023 H. H. Dow Building 2350 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125 (United States); Drews, Andy [Ford Motor Company, Research and Advanced Engineering, MD 1170/RIC, Dearborn, MI 48121 (United States)

    2012-02-15

    Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer We systematically studied the effects of TiCl{sub 3} in LiBH{sub 4}/CaH{sub 2}/TiCl{sub 3} hydrogen storage system. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer It is found that adding 0.25 TiCl{sub 3} produces fully reversible hydrogen absorption and desorption and a lower desorption temperature. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer LiCl experiences four different states, i.e. 'formed-solid solution-molten solution-precipitation', in the whole desorption process of the system. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The incorporation of LiCl into LiBH{sub 4} forms more viscous molten LiBH{sub 4}{center_dot}LiCl, leading to fast kinetics. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The precipitation and re-incorporation of LiCl into LiBH{sub 4} lead to a fully reversible complex hydrogen storage system. - Abstract: In the present study, the effects of TiCl{sub 3} on desorption kinetics, absorption/desorption reversibility, and related phase transformation processes in LiBH{sub 4}/CaH{sub 2}/TiCl{sub 3} hydrogen storage system was studied systematically by varying its concentration (x = 0, 0.05, 0.15 and 0.25). The results show that LiCl forms during ball milling of 6LiBH{sub 4}/CaH{sub 2}/xTiCl{sub 3} and that as temperature increases, o-LiBH{sub 4} transforms into h-LiBH{sub 4}, into which LiCl incorporates, forming solid solution of LiBH{sub 4}{center_dot}LiCl, which melts above 280 Degree-Sign C. Molten LiBH{sub 4}{center_dot}LiCl is more viscous than molten LiBH{sub 4}, preventing the clustering of LiBH{sub 4} and the accompanied agglomeration of CaH{sub 2}, and thus preserving the nano-sized phase arrangement formed during ball milling. Above 350 Degree-Sign C, the molten solution LiBH{sub 4}{center_dot}LiCl further reacts with CaH{sub 2}, precipitating LiCl. The main hydrogen desorption reaction is between molten LiBH{sub 4}{center_dot}LiCl and CaH{sub 2} and not between molten LiBH{sub 4} and CaH{sub 2}. This alters the hydrogen reaction thermodynamics and

  18. Cyclotron production of {sup 43}Sc for PET imaging

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Walczak, Rafał [Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw (Poland); Krajewski, Seweryn [Synektik S.A., Research and Development Center, Warsaw (Poland); Szkliniarz, Katarzyna [Department of Nuclear Physics, University of Silesia, Katowice (Poland); Sitarz, Mateusz [Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, Warsaw (Poland); Abbas, Kamel [Nuclear Security Unit, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Transuranium Elements, European Commission, Ispra (Italy); Choiński, Jarosław; Jakubowski, Andrzej; Jastrzębski, Jerzy [Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, Warsaw (Poland); Majkowska, Agnieszka [Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw (Poland); Simonelli, Federica [Nuclear Decommissioning Unit, Joint Research Centre, Ispra Site Management Directorate, European Commission, Ispra (Italy); Stolarz, Anna; Trzcińska, Agnieszka [Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, Warsaw (Poland); Zipper, Wiktor [Department of Nuclear Physics, University of Silesia, Katowice (Poland); Bilewicz, Aleksander [Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw (Poland)

    2015-12-04

    Recently, significant interest in {sup 44}Sc as a tracer for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging has been observed. Unfortunately, the co-emission by {sup 44}Sc of high-energy γ rays (E{sub γ} = 1157, 1499 keV) causes a dangerous increase of the radiation dose to the patients and clinical staff. However, it is possible to produce another radionuclide of scandium—{sup 43}Sc—having properties similar to {sup 44}Sc but is characterized by much lower energy of the concurrent gamma emissions. This work presents the production route of {sup 43}Sc by α irradiation of natural calcium, its separation and purification processes, and the labeling of [DOTA,Tyr3] octreotate (DOTATATE) bioconjugate. Natural CaCO{sub 3} and enriched [{sup 40}Ca]CaCO{sub 3} were irradiated with alpha particles for 1 h in an energy range of 14.8–30 MeV at a beam current of 0.5 or 0.25 μA. In order to find the optimum method for the separation of {sup 43}Sc from irradiated calcium targets, three processes previously developed for {sup 44}Sc were tested. Radiolabeling experiments were performed with DOTATATE radiobioconjugate, and the stability of the obtained {sup 43}Sc-DOTATATE was tested in human serum. Studies of {sup nat}CaCO{sub 3} target irradiation by alpha particles show that the optimum alpha particle energies are in the range of 24–27 MeV, giving 102 MBq/μA/h of {sup 43}Sc radioactivity which creates the opportunity to produce several GBq of {sup 43}Sc. The separation experiments performed indicate that, as with {sup 44}Sc, due to the simplicity of the operations and because of the chemical purity of the {sup 43}Sc obtained, the best separation process is when UTEVA resin is used. The DOTATATE conjugate was labeled by the obtained {sup 43}Sc with a yield >98 % at elevated temperature. Tens of GBq activities of {sup 43}Sc of high radionuclidic purity can be obtainable for clinical applications by irradiation of natural calcium with an alpha beam.

  19. Synthesis and luminescence enhancement of CaTiO{sub 3}:Bi{sup 3+} yellow phosphor by codoping Al{sup 3+}/B{sup 3+} ions

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Cao, Renping, E-mail: jxcrp@163.com; Fu, Ting; Xu, Haidong; Luo, Wenjie; Peng, Dedong; Chen, Zhiquan; Fu, Jingwei

    2016-07-25

    CaTiO{sub 3}:Bi{sup 3+} and CaTiO{sub 3}:Bi{sup 3+}, Al{sup 3+}/B{sup 3+} phosphors are synthesized by solid-state reaction method in air. With excitation 272 and 320 nm, broad PL band peaking at 555 nm with full width at half maximum ∼200 nm is observed in the range of 400–800 nm due to the {sup 3}P{sub 1,0} → {sup 1}S{sub 0} transitions of Bi{sup 3+} ion. PLE spectrum monitored at 555 nm contains two PLE band peaking at ∼272 and 320 nm within the range 230–420 nm owing to metal-to-metal charge-transfer and {sup 1}S{sub 0} → {sup 3}P{sub 1} transition of Bi{sup 3+} ion, respectively. The optimal Bi{sup 3+} doping concentration in CaTiO{sub 3}:Bi{sup 3+} phosphor is about 0.5 mol%. Luminescence properties of CaTiO{sub 3}:Bi{sup 3+} phosphor may be improved obviously by co-doping Al{sup 3+}/B{sup 3+} ions, and its emission intensity can be enhanced 13–15 times after Al{sup 3+} ion is co-doped. Luminous mechanism of CaTiO{sub 3}:Bi{sup 3+} phosphor is analyzed by energy level diagram of Bi{sup 3+} ion. Decay curve and time-resolved spectra confirm that only a single type of Bi{sup 3+} luminescence center exists in CaTiO{sub 3}:Bi{sup 3+} phosphor. - Graphical abstract: PL spectra of CaTiO{sub 3}:Bi{sup 3+} and CaTiO{sub 3}:Bi{sup 3+}, Al{sup 3+}/B{sup 3+} phosphors and the corresponding pictures under 365 nm UV lamp. - Highlights: • CaTiO{sub 3}:Bi{sup 3+} and CaTiO{sub 3}:Bi{sup 3+}, Al{sup 3+}/B{sup 3+} phosphors are synthesized by solid-state reaction in air. • Broadband emission with FWHM ∼200 nm is observed within the range 400–800 nm. • Luminescence properties of CaTiO{sub 3}:Bi{sup 3+} phosphor can be improved by codoping Al{sup 3+}/B{sup 3+} ions. • PL intensity of CaTiO{sub 3}:Bi{sup 3+} phosphor can be enhanced 13–15 times after Al{sup 3+} ion is codoped.

  20. Natural CaO-TiO2-SiO2 based ceramics

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jelena Pantić

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available Lešnica river deposits consist of a large number of minerals of different grain sizes including sphene. Since it is very difficult to obtain pure monophase titanite by different synthetic routes (sol-gel, coprecipitation, combustion, spray pyrolysis and hydrothermal method, the aim of this work was to study the structure of the sphene from the Lešnica river deposits and possibility of using it as a natural precursor for CaO-TiO2-SiO2 based ceramics. The sphene from Lešnica was analyzed by different methods: tristimulus colorimetry, infrared spectroscopy, electron microprobe and X-ray single crystal diffraction. It was confirmed that Al, Fe, Mn and P are present in the sphene structure and proposed that corresponding structural formula could be: (Ca2+1.008 Mn2+0.0021.010(Ti4+0.901 Fe3+0.033 Al3+0.060 P5+0.0010.995 Si4+1.024 O2-5.

  1. Investigation of laser cladding high temperature anti-wear composite coatings on Ti6Al4V alloy with the addition of self-lubricant CaF{sub 2}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Xiang, Zhan-Feng [School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Soochow University, 178 East Ganjiang Road, Suzhou 215006 (China); Liu, Xiu-Bo, E-mail: liuxiubo@suda.edu.cn [School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Soochow University, 178 East Ganjiang Road, Suzhou 215006 (China); Ren, Jia; Luo, Jian; Shi, Shi-Hong; Chen, Yao [School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Soochow University, 178 East Ganjiang Road, Suzhou 215006 (China); Shi, Gao-Lian; Wu, Shao-Hua [Suzhou Institute of Industrial Technology, Suzhou 215104 (China)

    2014-09-15

    Highlights: • A novel high temperature self-lubricating wear-resistant coating was fabricated. • TiC carbides and self-lubricant CaF{sub 2} were “in situ” synthesized in the coating. • The coating with the addition of CaF{sub 2} possessed superior properties than without. - Abstract: To improve the high-temperature tribological properties of Ti–6Al–4V alloy, γ-NiCrAlTi/TiC and γ-NiCrAlTi/TiC/CaF{sub 2} coatings were fabricated on Ti–6Al–4V alloy by laser cladding. The phase compositions and microstructure of the coatings were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The tribological behaviors were evaluated using a ball-on-disk tribometer from ambient temperature to 600 °C under dry sliding wear conditions and the corresponding wear mechanisms were discussed. The results indicated that the γ-NiCrAlTi/TiC/CaF{sub 2} coating consisted of α-Ti, the “in situ” synthesized TiC block particles and dendrite, γ-NiCrAlTi solid solution and spherical CaF{sub 2} particles. The wear rates of γ-NiCrAlTi/TiC/CaF{sub 2} coating were decreased greatly owing to the combined effects of the reinforced carbides and continuous lubricating films. Furthermore, the friction coefficients of γ-NiCrAlTi/TiC/CaF{sub 2} coating presented minimum value of 0.21 at 600 °C, which was reduced by 43% and 50% compared to the substrate and γ-NiCrAlTi/TiC coating respectively. It was considered that the γ-NiCrAlTi/TiC/CaF{sub 2} coating exhibited excellent friction-reducing and anti-wear properties at high temperature.

  2. Plasma-sprayed CaTiSiO5 ceramic coating on Ti-6Al-4V with excellent bonding strength, stability and cellular bioactivity

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wu, Chengtie; Ramaswamy, Yogambha; Liu, Xuanyong; Wang, Guocheng; Zreiqat, Hala

    2008-01-01

    Novel Ca-Si-Ti-based sphene (CaTiSiO5) ceramics possess excellent chemical stability and cytocompatibility. The aim of this study was to prepare sphene coating on titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) for orthopaedic applications using the plasma spray method. The phase composition, surface and interface microstructure, coating thickness, surface roughness and bonding strength of the plasma-sprayed sphene coating were analysed using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and the standard mechanical testing of the American Society for Testing and Materials, respectively. The results indicated that sphene coating was obtained with a uniform and dense microstructure at the interface of the Ti-6Al-4V surface and the thickness and surface roughness of the coating were approximately 150 and 10 μm, respectively. Plasma-sprayed sphene coating on Ti-6Al-4V possessed a significantly improved bonding strength and chemical stability compared with plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite (HAp) coating. Plasma-sprayed sphene coating supported human osteoblast-like cell (HOB) attachment and significantly enhanced HOB proliferation and differentiation compared with plasma-sprayed HAp coating and uncoated Ti-6Al-4V. Taken together, plasma-sprayed sphene coating on Ti-6Al-4V possessed excellent bonding strength, chemical stability and cellular bioactivity, indicating its potential application for orthopaedic implants. PMID:18664431

  3. Improved structure stability, optical and magnetic properties of Ca and Ti co-substituted BiFeO{sub 3} nanoparticles

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kumar, Vijay; Singh, Satyendra, E-mail: satyambd@gmail.com

    2016-11-15

    Graphical abstract: (a) UV–vis absorption spectra and (b) Tauc’s plots to determine the band gap of the Bi{sub 1-x}Ca{sub x}Fe{sub 1-x}Ti{sub x}O{sub 3} nanoparticles for x = 0 (S1), 0.05 (S2), 0.10 (S3), 0.15 (S4), 0.20 (S5) and 0.25 (S6), respectively (c) Variation of band gap with x for Bi{sub 1-x}Ca{sub x}Fe{sub 1-x}Ti{sub x}O{sub 3} nanoparticles. Display Omitted - Highlights: • First report on synthesis of Bi{sub 1-x}Ca{sub x}Fe{sub 1-x}Ti{sub x}O{sub 3}, nanoparticles (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.25). • Ca and Ti co-substitutions control the formation of secondary phases and improved the stability of perovskite phase. • Strong absorption of visible light with a small optical band gap (1.77–2.26 eV). • Improved M{sub r} and H{sub c} due to the release of the latent magnetization locked within the toroidal spin structure. • May be useful for data storage, spintronics and optoelectronics. - Abstract: We report the optical and magnetic properties of single-crystalline Ca and Ti co-substituted bismuth ferrite, Bi{sub 1-x}Ca{sub x}Fe{sub 1-x}Ti{sub x}O{sub 3}, nanoparticles, synthesized by a facile sol–gel methodology in the compositional range wherein 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.25. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations show that all samples possess a rhombohedrally distorted perovskite structure with space group R3c. Ca and Ti co-substitution controls the formation of secondary phases and improved the stability of perovskite phase of BiFeO{sub 3}. The average particle size was estimated by Williamson Hall plot, confirmed by TEM, and found to be about 59, 50, 46, 41, 40 and 38 nm of Bi{sub 1-x}Ca{sub x}Fe{sub 1-x}Ti{sub x}O{sub 3} for x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 and 0.25, respectively. The UV–vis absorption study reveal the strong absorption of visible light with a small optical band gap (1.77–2.25 eV) for 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.25 indicates a possibility of utilizing for photocatalytic activities. The magnetic study at room

  4. Enhanced photoluminescence and thermal stability of divalent ions (Zn2+, Mg2+) assisted CaTiO3:Eu3+ perovskite phosphors for lighting applications

    Science.gov (United States)

    Singh, Dhananjay Kumar; Manam, J.

    2018-03-01

    Current study proposes the improved red emission of Zn2+ and Mg2+ ions incorporated CaTiO3:Eu3+ phosphors synthesized via the well-known solid-state reaction method. Under the 397 nm UV excitation, the Zn2+- and Mg2+-incorporated CaTiO3:0.15Eu3+ phosphor having orthorhombic structure with space group Pbnm exhibited an intense red emission at 619 nm. This can be credited to the hypersensitive 5D0 → 7F2 transition of Eu3+ ions, which is also indicative of the fact that the Eu3+ ions populated the non-inversion symmetry sites in the CaTiO3 lattices. The optimized composition CaTiO3:0.15Eu3+, 0.20Zn2+ and CaTiO3:0.15Eu3+, 0.10Mg2+ phosphors, pronounces in a magnificent enhancement of PL intensity by 5.5 and 2.5 times, respectively, as compared to CaTiO3:0.15 Eu3+ phosphor. From the temperature-dependent emission spectra, ΔEa were enunciated to be 0.101 and 0.086 eV for CaTiO3:0.15Eu3+, 0.20Zn2+ and CaTiO3:0.15Eu3+, 0.10Mg2+ phosphors, respectively, for thermal quenching. In addition, it can be better understood as related to the adequate thermal stability of 60% even at 450 and 420 K, respectively. Furthermore, the Judd-Ofelt theory was used to study the radiative intensity parameters of Eu3+ ions in the CaTiO3 lattices. The experimental results incited the bright prospects of synthesized ceramics as a promising candidate for lighting applications.

  5. A -Site Ordered Double Perovskite CaMnTi 2 O 6 as a Multifunctional Piezoelectric and Ferroelectric–Photovoltaic Material

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gou, Gaoyang [Frontier Institute; Charles, Nenian [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States; Shi, Jing [MOE Key Laboratory; Rondinelli, James M. [Department; Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States

    2017-09-11

    The double perovskite CaMnTi2O6, is a rare A site ordered perovskite oxide that exhibits a sizable ferroelectric polarization and relatively high Curie temperature. Using first-principles calculations combined with detailed symmetry analyses, we identify the origin of the ferroelectricity in CaMnTi2O6. We further explore the material properties of CaMnTi2O6, including its ferroelectric polarization, dielectric and piezoelectric responses, magnetic order, electronic structure, and optical absorption coefficient. It is found that CaMnTi2O6 exhibits room-temperature-stable ferroelectricity and moderate piezoelectric responses. Moreover, CaMnTi2O6 is predicted to have a semiconducting energy band gap similar to that of BiFeO3, and its band gap can further be tuned-via distortions of the planar Mn-O bond lengths. CaMnTi2O6 exemplifies a new class of single-phase semiconducting ferroelectric perovskites for potential applications in ferroelectric photovoltaic solar cells.

  6. Synthesis and Piezoelectric Properties of Li, Ca and Mn-codoped BaTiO3 by a Solvothermal Approach

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kimura, T; Dong, Q; Yin, S; Sato, T; Hashimoto, T; Sasaki, A; Aisawa, S

    2013-01-01

    3 at.% Li-doped (Ba 1-x Ca x )(Ti 1-y Mn y )O 3 particles with the Ca 2+ mole fraction, x, of 0–0.09 and Mn mole fraction, y, of 0 and 0.0005 were synthesized by a solvothermal approach at 200°C. The products consisted of nanoparticles of 50–100 nm in diameter, and did not change very much depending on the amount of Li, Ca and Mn-codoping. The change in relative dielectric constant, Δε r , in around room temperature decreased by doping Ca 2+ , and the lowest Δε r (4.51%) could be realized at x value of 0.03. The mechanical quality factor, Q m , of 3 at.% Li-doped (Ba 0.97 Ca 0.03 )(Ti 0.9995 Mn 0.0005 )O 3 increased to 521, and Δε r decreased to 1.72%, while the piezoelectric constant, d 33 (234pC/N), and electromechanical coupling factor, k p (40.0%), did not change very much compared with 3 at.% Li-doped BaTiO 3

  7. The structure and piezoelectric properties of (Ca1-xSrx)Bi4Ti4O15 ceramics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zheng Liaoying; Li Guorong; Zhang Wangzhong; Chen, Daren; Yin Qinrui

    2003-01-01

    In this paper, the structure and piezoelectric properties of (Ca 1-x Sr x )Bi 4 Ti 4 O 15 ceramics (x=0-1.0) are investigated. The formation of single orthorhombic phase is verified by XRD. The dependence of dielectric and piezoelectric properties on x is also determined. The results show that the excellent properties could be found in the composition of x=0.4. In that composition, d 33 =14.9, T C =677 deg. C and the DC resistivity is decuplely higher than that of BST (SrBi 4 Ti 4 O 15 ) and CBT (CaBi 4 Ti 4 O 15 )

  8. Investigation into the use of CaZrO{sub 3} as a facecoat material in the investment casting of TiAl alloys

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Yuan, C., E-mail: c.yuan@bham.ac.uk [School of Metallurgy and Materials, The University of Birmingham, B152TT (United Kingdom); Cheng, X. [School of Metallurgy and Materials, The University of Birmingham, B152TT (United Kingdom); School of Material Science and Engineering, Beihang University, No, 37 Xueyuan Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191 (China); Withey, P.A. [School of Metallurgy and Materials, The University of Birmingham, B152TT (United Kingdom); Rolls-Royce plc. (United Kingdom)

    2015-04-01

    Research was carried out to determine the interactions between the filler and stucco materials in CaZrO{sub 3} based facecoats during shell firing as well as between the facecoat and a TiAl alloy during the casting process. A ‘flash re-melting’ technique, which gives a similar heating profile to the actual investment casting process, was used to study the phase transformations in the shell moulds. The chemical inertness of the facecoat was then investigated using a sessile drop test using a Ti–45Al–2Nb–2Mn–0.2TiB alloy. In this study, the facecoat compositions and the interaction products between metal and shells were characterized using x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A severe interaction was found between CaZrO{sub 3} filler and Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} stucco, which rapidly damaged the shell surface. As well as oxygen, zirconium and silicon ions from the shell moulds were also observed to penetrate into the TiAl metal to form (Ti, Zr){sub 5}(Al, Si){sub 3} phases in the metal/shell interfacial areas. - Highlights: • To determine the interactions between CaZrO{sub 3} filler and stucco materials during shell firing. • To study the reaction between the CaZrO{sub 3} facecoat and TiAl alloy during casting. • The Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} stucco can react with CaZrO{sub 3} filler to form (Zr, Ca)O{sub 2} and CaAl{sub x}O{sub y} at 1650 °C. • O, Zr and Si ions from the ceramic moulds were observed to penetrate into the TiAl metal. • The reaction products include (Ti, Zr){sub 5}(Al, Si){sub 3} and ZrAl{sub 2} phase with high Ti ions solid solution.

  9. Room temperature magnetic and dielectric properties of cobalt doped CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mu, Chunhong; Song, Yuanqiang; Wang, Haibin; Wang, Xiaoning

    2015-05-01

    CaCu3Ti4-xCoxO12 (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4) ceramics were prepared by a conventional solid state reaction, and the effects of cobalt doping on the room temperature magnetic and dielectric properties were investigated. Both X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed the presence of Cu and Co rich phase at grain boundaries of Co-doped ceramics. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs of Co-doped samples showed a striking change from regular polyhedral particle type in pure CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) to sheet-like grains with certain growth orientation. Undoped CaCu3Ti4O12 is well known for its colossal dielectric constant in a broad temperature and frequency range. The dielectric constant value was slightly changed by 5 at. % and 10 at. % Co doping, whereas the second relaxation process was clearly separated in low frequency region at room temperature. A multirelaxation mechanism was proposed to be the origin of the colossal dielectric constant. In addition, the permeability spectra measurements indicated Co-doped CCTO with good magnetic properties, showing the initial permeability (μ') as high as 5.5 and low magnetic loss (μ″ < 0.2) below 3 MHz. And the interesting ferromagnetic superexchange coupling in Co-doped CaCu3Ti4O12 was discussed.

  10. Low-temperature elastic anomalies in CaTiO3: dynamical characterization

    Science.gov (United States)

    Placeres-Jiménez, R.; Gonçalves, L. G. V.; Rino, J. P.; Fraygola, B.; Nascimento, W. J.; Eiras, J. A.

    2012-11-01

    Pulse-echo ultrasonic measurements of elastic coefficients of CaTiO3 show anomalous behavior around 200 K, with a notable rise in the attenuation coefficient. Molecular dynamics simulation is used to simulate the elastic response of a mono-domain (MDm) and a poly-domain (PDm) configuration of CaTiO3 using the Vashishta-Raman interatomic potential. The PDm is obtained by cooling the melt from 3600 to 300 K at a rate of 0.5 K ps-1, so that it recrystallizes to the PDm orthorhombic configuration. The elastic behavior is simulated in the temperature range from 300 to 20 K. In the MDm, it is observed that the bulk modulus varies linearly with temperature, while in the PDm an anomalous hardening is seen around 210 K. The bulk modulus of the PDm fluctuates strongly and is lower than that of the MDm. Neither the pair correlation function nor the Ti-Ti-O bonding angle indicate a true structural phase transition in this range of temperatures. Given the absence of any apparent change in the structure, a possible explanation for this phenomenon is the emergence of a certain class of dynamical instability associated with domain wall motion. Curiously, the pressure fluctuations in both the MDm and PDm configurations follow a power law distribution f ˜ P-α, with the exponent independent of applied strain and temperature. Time series for pressure are used to analyze the dynamics by time-delay reconstruction techniques. The calculus of embedding and correlation dimension indicates that in the polycrystalline configuration, low-dimension dynamics (<26) appears, which tend to disappear at higher temperatures.

  11. Photocatalytic characteristics for the nanocrystalline TiO{sub 2} on the Ag-doped CaAl{sub 2}O{sub 4}:(Eu,Nd) phosphor

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kim, Jung-Sik, E-mail: jskim@uos.ac.kr; Sung, Hyun-Je; Kim, Bum-Joon

    2015-04-15

    Highlights: • The photocatalytic reactivity of the TiO{sub 2}-coated on the Ag-doped long-lasting phosphor (CaAl{sub 2}O{sub 4}:Eu{sup 2+},Nd{sup 3+}). • The photodecomposition of benzene gas under visible light irradiation. • The TiO{sub 2}-coated on the Ag-doped long-lasting phosphor showed much higher photocatalytic reactivity. • The light emitted from the long-lasting phosphors contributed to the photo generation of TiO{sub 2}. - Abstract: This study investigated the photocatalytic behavior of nanocrystalline TiO{sub 2} deposited on Ag-doped long-lasting phosphor (CaAl{sub 2}O{sub 4}:Eu{sup 2+},Nd{sup 3+}). The CaAl{sub 2}O{sub 4}:Eu{sup 2+},Nd{sup 3+} phosphor powders were prepared via conventional sintering using CaCO{sub 3}, Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}, Eu{sub 2}O{sub 3}, and Nd{sub 2}O{sub 3} as raw materials according to the appropriate molar ratios. Silver nanoparticles were loaded on the phosphor by mixing with an aqueous Ag-dispersion solution. Nanocrystalline TiO{sub 2} was deposited on Ag-doped CaAl{sub 2}O{sub 4}:Eu{sup 2+},Nd{sup 3+} powders via low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD). The TiO{sub 2} coated on the phosphor was actively photo-reactive under irradiation with visible light and showed much faster benzene degradation than pure TiO{sub 2}, which is almost non-reactive. The coupling of TiO{sub 2} with phosphor may result in an energy band bending in the junction region, which then induces the TiO{sub 2} crystal at the interface to be photo-reactive under irradiation with visible light. In addition, the intermetallic compound of CaTiO{sub 3} that formed at the interface between TiO{sub 2} and the CaAl{sub 2}O{sub 4}:(Eu{sup 2+},Nd{sup 3+}) phosphor results in the formation of oxygen vacancies and additional electrons that promote the photodecomposition of benzene gas. The addition of Ag nanoparticles enhanced the photocatalytic reactivity of the TiO{sub 2}/CaAl{sub 2}O{sub 4}:Eu{sup 2+},Nd{sup 3+} phosphor. TiO{sub 2} on the Ag

  12. Optical spectroscopy and band gap analysis of hybrid improper ferroelectric Ca{sub 3}Ti{sub 2}O{sub 7}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Cherian, Judy G.; Harms, Nathan C. [Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996 (United States); Birol, Turan; Vanderbilt, David [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 (United States); Gao, Bin; Cheong, Sang-Wook [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 (United States); Rutgers Center for Emergent Materials, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 (United States); Musfeldt, Janice L., E-mail: musfeldt@utk.edu [Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996 (United States); Department of Physics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996 (United States)

    2016-06-27

    We bring together optical absorption spectroscopy, photoconductivity, and first principles calculations to reveal the electronic structure of the room temperature ferroelectric Ca{sub 3}Ti{sub 2}O{sub 7}. The 3.94 eV direct gap in Ca{sub 3}Ti{sub 2}O{sub 7} is charge transfer in nature and noticeably higher than that in CaTiO{sub 3} (3.4 eV), a finding that we attribute to dimensional confinement in the n = 2 member of the Ruddlesden-Popper series. While Sr substitution introduces disorder and broadens the gap edge slightly, oxygen deficiency reduces the gap to 3.7 eV and gives rise to a broad tail that persists to much lower energies.

  13. Phase transitions of titanite CaTiSiO5 from density functional perturbation theory

    Science.gov (United States)

    Malcherek, Thomas; Fischer, Michael

    2018-02-01

    Phonon dispersion of titanite CaTiSiO5 has been calculated using the variational density functional perturbation theory. The experimentally known out-of-center distortion of the Ti atom is confirmed. The distortion is associated with a Bu mode that is unstable for wave vectors normal to the octahedral chain direction of the C 2 /c aristotype structure. The layer of wave vectors with imaginary mode frequencies also comprises the Brillouin zone boundary point Y (0 ,1 ,0 ) , which is critical for the transition to the P 21/c ground-state structure. The phonon branch equivalent to the imaginary branch of the titanite aristotype is found to be stable in malayaite CaSnSiO5. The unstable phonon mode in titanite leads to the formation of transoriented short and long Ti-O1 bonds. The Ti as well as the connecting O1 atom exhibit strongly anomalous Born effective charges along the octahedral chain direction [001], indicative of the strong covalency in this direction. Accordingly and in contrast to malayaite, LO-TO splitting is very large in titanite. In the C 2 /c phase of titanite, the Ti-O1-Ti distortion chain is disordered with respect to neighboring distortion chains, as all chain configurations are equally unstable along the phonon branch. This result is in agreement with diffuse x-ray scattering in layers normal to the chain direction that is observed at temperatures close to the P 21/c to C 2 /c transition temperature and above. The resulting dynamic chains of correlated Ti displacements are expected to order in two dimensions to yield the P 21/c ground-state structure of titanite.

  14. Nature of potential barrier in (Ca 1/4,Cu 3/4)TiO 3 polycrystalline perovskite

    Science.gov (United States)

    Marques, V. P. B.; Bueno, P. R.; Simões, A. Z.; Cilense, M.; Varela, J. A.; Longo, E.; Leite, E. R.

    2006-04-01

    The nonohmic electrical features of (Ca 1/4,Cu 3/4)TiO 3 perovskite ceramics, which have very strong gigantic dielectric is believed originate from potential barriers at the grain boundaries. In the present study, we used the admittance and impedance spectroscopy technique to investigate (Ca 1/4,Cu 3/4)TiO 3 perovskite ceramics with low nonohmic electrical properties. The study was conducted under two different conditions: on as-sintered ceramics and on ceramics thermally treated in an oxygen-rich atmosphere. The results confirm that thermal treatment in oxygen-rich atmospheres influence the nonohmic properties. Annealing at oxygen-rich atmospheres improve the nonohmic behavior and annealing at oxygen-poor atmospheres decrease the nonohmic properties, a behavior already reported for common metal oxide nonohmic devices and here firstly evidenced for the (Ca 1/4,Cu 3/4)TiO 3 perovskite related materials. The results show that oxygen also influences the capacitance values at low frequencies, a behavior that is indicative of the Schottky-type nature of the potential barrier.

  15. Dielectric properties of CaTiO3 coatings prepared by plasma spraying

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Sedláček, J.; Ctibor, Pavel; Kotlan, J.; Pala, Zdeněk

    2013-01-01

    Roč. 29, č. 5 (2013), s. 384-389 ISSN 0267-0844 Institutional support: RVO:61389021 Keywords : Plasma * Ceramics * CaTiO3 * Permittivity * Resistivity Subject RIV: JG - Metallurgy Impact factor: 1.510, year: 2013 http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/maney/se/2013/00000029/00000005/art00012

  16. Solid-state reaction mechanism and microwave dielectric properties of CaTiO3–LaAlO3 ceramics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jiang, Juan; Fang, Danhua; Lu, Chao; Dou, Zhanming; Wang, Gan; Zhang, Fan; Zhang, Tianjin

    2015-01-01

    Highlights: • CaTiO 3 –LaAlO 3 perovskite ceramics were prepared by four sintering reaction routes. • The solid-state reaction mechanism was investigated by XRD and TG/DSC techniques. • Sintering routes had more influence on the parameters of Q × f and τ f than on ε r . - Abstract: 0.675CaTiO 3 –0.325LaAlO 3 perovskite ceramics were prepared by a conventional sintering process through four reaction routes. The solid-state reaction mechanisms were investigated by X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric/differential scanning calorimetric analysis techniques. The results show that interactions occurred between mixtures of CaCO 3 and TiO 2 as well as La 2 O 3 and Al 2 O 3 , and they can influence the sintering behavior of the mixtures. Prior to the formation of solid solutions, the perovskite phases CaTiO 3 and LaAlO 3 were formed regardless of the combination of oxide powders used as reagents. From the powder mixtures which were calcined at 1200 °C, a Ca-rich Ca 9 Al 6 O 18 phase was present at 1400 °C if free La 2 O 3 and Al 2 O 3 used in the reaction mixtures. Ca-rich phases were also formed at higher temperature (1450 °C) if LaAlO 3 was present. The densities of the ceramics obtained by the four routes were different at specific sintering temperatures, and the highest density was obtained for the reaction route two. Results indicated that the preparation pathways had more influence on Q × f and temperature coefficient of the resonant frequency (τ f ) than on the dielectric constants (ε r ), and Q × f decreased and τ f increased rapidly when the secondary phase presented. Route four is considered as an optimal pathway for the preparation of 0.675CaTiO 3 –0.325LaAlO 3 ceramics.

  17. Synthesis and characterization of CCTO (CaCu3Ti4O12)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fernandes, T.S.M.; Silva, M.A.S. da; Simao, S.H.C.; Silva, C.C.; Sombra, A.S.B.; Sales, J.C.

    2011-01-01

    The objective of this work is to study the ceramic material CCTO (CaCu 3 Ti 4 O 12 ) by X-Ray Diffraction. The CCTO is a material with a giant dielectric constant at room temperature and good temperature stability over a wide temperature and frequency ranges. The preparation method has a great influence on the structure and dielectric properties of this material. The CCTO was prepared by solid state method in a planetary high energy ball milling (Fritsch Pulverisette 5). Stoichiometric quantities of CaCO 3 (Aldrich 99%), TiO 2 (Merck 99%) and CuO (Analar 98%) were dry milled during 30h with a rotational speed of 370 rpm and then calcined at 1050 deg C for 12h. After, the CCTO was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The refinement showed that the CCTO was formed with 100% mass, the graph of Williamson-Hall showed a homogeneous sample, with a contraction in the crystal lattice and a reasonably small particle size. (author)

  18. Influence of Ti4+ on the magnetic state of CaRu1-xTixO3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zorkovska, A.; Baran, A.; Bradaric, I.; Savic, I.; Sebek, J.; Santava, E.; Svoboda, P.; Marincev, D.; Kohout, S.; Keller, H.; Feher, A.

    2007-01-01

    In order to shed more light on the character of magnetic correlations at low temperatures in CaRuO 3 , the delicate effect of substituting nonmagnetic Ti 4+ for Ru 4+ in low concentrations (0.5-15%) has been investigated by magnetization, AC-susceptibility and specific heat measurements. Despite the clear features in magnetic measurement data at 34K no specific heat anomaly has been observed, nevertheless, two temperature regions with different magnetic characters have been identified. In pure CaRuO 3 significant low-temperature upturn of C/T is visible below 15K. This feature is suppressed by Ti substitution

  19. In situ scanning tunneling microscopy study of Ca-modified rutile TiO2(110 in bulk water

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Giulia Serrano

    2015-02-01

    Full Text Available Despite the rising technological interest in the use of calcium-modified TiO2 surfaces in biomedical implants, the Ca/TiO2 interface has not been studied in an aqueous environment. This investigation is the first report on the use of in situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM to study calcium-modified rutile TiO2(110 surfaces immersed in high purity water. The TiO2 surface was prepared under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV with repeated sputtering/annealing cycles. Low energy electron diffraction (LEED analysis shows a pattern typical for the surface segregation of calcium, which is present as an impurity on the TiO2 bulk. In situ STM images of the surface in bulk water exhibit one-dimensional rows of segregated calcium regularly aligned with the [001] crystal direction. The in situ-characterized morphology and structure of this Ca-modified TiO2 surface are discussed and compared with UHV-STM results from the literature. Prolonged immersion (two days in the liquid leads to degradation of the overlayer, resulting in a disordered surface. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, performed after immersion in water, confirms the presence of calcium.

  20. Investigating the solubility and cytocompatibility of CaO-Na2 O-SiO2 /TiO2 bioactive glasses.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wren, Anthony W; Coughlan, Aisling; Smith, Courtney M; Hudson, Sarah P; Laffir, Fathima R; Towler, Mark R

    2015-02-01

    This study aims to investigate the solubility of a series of titanium (TiO2 )-containing bioactive glasses and their subsequent effect on cell viability. Five glasses were synthesized in the composition range SiO2 -Na2 O-CaO with 5 mol % of increments TiO2 substituted for SiO2 . Glass solubility was investigated with respect to (1) exposed surface area, (2) particle size, (3) incubation time, and (4) compositional effects. Ion release profiles showed that sodium (Na(+) ) presented high release rates after 1 day and were unchanged between 7 and 14 days. Calcium (Ca(2+) ) release presented a significant change at each time period and was also composition dependent, where a reduction in Ca(2+) release is observed with an increase in TiO2 concentration. Silica (Si(4+) ) release did not present any clear trends while no titanium (Ti(4+) ) was released. Cell numbers were found to increase up to 44%, compared to the growing control population, with a reduction in particle size and with the inclusion of TiO2 in the glass composition. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  1. Charge transfer-type fluorescence of Ti-doped Ca{sub 14}Al{sub 10}Zn{sub 6}O{sub 35}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Satoh, Yuta; Takemoto, Minoru, E-mail: takemoto@chem.kanagawa-it.ac.jp

    2017-05-15

    The calcium aluminum zincates Ca{sub 14}(Al{sub 1-2x}Ti{sub x}Zn{sub x}){sub 10}Zn{sub 6}O{sub 35}, in which Al{sup 3+} sites in the host material Ca{sub 14}Al{sub 10}Zn{sub 6}O{sub 35} are simultaneously substituted by Ti{sup 4+} and Zn{sup 2+}, were synthesized by a polymerized complex method. Al{sup 3+} ions could be replaced up to an x value of 0.1. The host material does not exhibit fluorescence, while the cation-substituted samples show an emission band centered at 383 nm under excitation by UV light at 243 nm. The emission intensity increases with x up to 0.1 and then gradually decreases as x is further increased. The emission wavelength also becomes longer with increasing temperature. Based on the properties of other Ti{sup 4+}-containing fluorescent materials, the emission of Ca{sub 14}(Al{sub 1-2x}Ti{sub x}Zn{sub x}){sub 10}Zn{sub 6}O{sub 35} is attributed to charge transfer-type fluorescence resulting from [TiO{sub 6}] octahedra.

  2. A comparative study of the Aurivillius phase ferroelectrics CaBi 4Ti 4O 15 and BaBi 4Ti 4O 15

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tellier, J.; Boullay, Ph.; Manier, M.; Mercurio, D.

    2004-06-01

    The room temperature structures of the four-layer Aurivillius phase ferroelectrics CaBi 4Ti 4O 15 and BaBi 4Ti 4O 15 are determined by means of single crystal X-ray diffraction. Regarding the CaBi 4Ti 4O 15 phase, in agreement with the tolerance factor, a significant deformation of the perovskite blocks is observed. The rotation system of the octahedra is typical from even layer Aurivillius phases and leads to the use of the space group A2 1am. For the BaBi 4Ti 4O 15 phase, only a weak variation with respect to the F2 mm space group can be suggested from single crystal X-ray diffraction. A significant presence of Ba atoms in the [ M2O 2] slabs is confirmed in agreement with the previous works but specific Ba 2+ and Bi 3+ sites have to be considered due to the large difference in bounding requirement of these cations. Possible origins for the ferroelectric relaxor behavior of the Ba-based compound are discussed in view of the presented structural analyses.

  3. Spectroscopic studies on (Ba,Ca)(Ti,Zr)O3 ferroelectric ceramics with high piezoelectric coefficients

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Archana Kumar; Sreenivas, K.

    2013-01-01

    In recent year non lead-based multi component ceramics consisting Ba(Ti 0.8 Zr 0.2 )O 3- (Ba 0.7 Ca 0.3 )TiO 3 have been found to exhibit high piezoelectric coefficients comparable to those of PZT, and there is a lot interest to understand nature of phase transition in these novel compositions. In the present study 0.5Ba(Ti 0.8 Zr 0.2 )O 3- 0.5(Ba 0.7 Ca 0.3 )TiO 3 ceramic composition calcinated and sintered at different temperatures has been investigated. The ceramics are prepared from the raw powders and reacted by a solid state reaction method. Spectroscopic methods including DTA/TGA, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy been used to understand the changes occurring in the chemical and structural properties during processing. The nature of polymorphic phase transition has been studied through the temperature dependent Raman spectroscopy. The de-poling characteristics with temperature have been studied to assess their usefulness for high temperature transducer applications, and their ferroelectric properties have been studied. This new composition exhibits high piezoelectric (d 33 ), and the transition temperature is low around 120℃. (author)

  4. Investigation of the stability of glass-ceramic composites containing CeTi2O6 and CaZrTi2O7 after ion implantation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Paknahad, Elham; Grosvenor, Andrew P.

    2017-12-01

    Glass-ceramic composite materials have been investigated for nuclear waste sequestration applications due to their ability to incorporate large amounts of radioactive waste elements. A key property that needs to be understood when developing nuclear waste sequestration materials is how the structure of the material responds to radioactive decay of nuclear waste elements, which can be simulated by high energy ion implantation. Borosilicate glass-ceramic composites containing brannerite-type (CeTi2O6) or zirconolite-type (CaZrTi2O7) oxides were synthesized at different annealing temperatures and investigated after being implanted with high-energy Au ions to mimic radiation induced structural damage. Backscattered electron (BSE) images were collected to investigate the interaction of the brannerite crystallites with the glass matrix before and after implantation and showed that the morphology of the crystallites in the composite materials were not affected by radiation damage. Surface sensitive Ti K-edge glancing angle XANES spectra collected from the implanted composite materials showed that the structures of the CeTi2O6 and CaZrTi2O7 ceramics were damaged as a result of implantation; however, analysis of Si L2,3-edge XANES spectra indicated that the glass matrix was not affected by ion implantation.

  5. Investigation of the stability of glass-ceramic composites containing CeTi 2 O 6 and CaZrTi 2 O 7 after ion implantation

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Paknahad, Elham; Grosvenor, Andrew P.

    2017-12-01

    Glass-ceramic composite materials have been investigated for nuclear waste sequestration applications due to their ability to incorporate large amounts of radioactive waste elements. A key property that needs to be understood when developing nuclear waste sequestration materials is how the structure of the material responds to radioactive decay of nuclear waste elements, which can be simulated by high energy ion implantation. Borosilicate glass-ceramic composites containing brannerite-type (CeTi2O6) or zirconolite-type (CaZrTi2O7) oxides were synthesized at different annealing temperatures and investigated after being implanted with high-energy Au ions to mimic radiation induced structural damage. Backscattered electron (BSE) images were collected to investigate the interaction of the brannerite crystallites with the glass matrix before and after implantation and showed that the morphology of the crystallites in the composite materials were not affected by radiation damage. Surface sensitive Ti K-edge glancing angle XANES spectra collected from the implanted composite materials showed that the structures of the CeTi2O6 and CaZrTi2O7 ceramics were damaged as a result of implantation; however, analysis of Si L2,3-edge XANES spectra indicated that the glass matrix was not affected by ion implantation.

  6. Uncertainty estimation of analysis of Fe, Ca, Zr, Ba, La, Ti and Ce in sediment sample using XRF method

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sukirno; Agus Taftazani

    2010-01-01

    An uncertainty of analysis of Fe, Ca, Zr, Ba, La, Ti and Ce in river sediment of Panfuran Wariness sample by X RF method has been done. The result value of testing is meaningless if it isn't completed without uncertainty value. The calculation of Ba metal have been presented for example. The aim of the research is to get accreditation certificate of X-Ray Fluorescence method on laboratory of analytical PTAPB – BATAN as well as ISO guide 17025-2005. The result of calculation uncertainty of Fe, Zr, Ba, La, Ce, Ti and Ca analysis showed that the uncertainty components come from: preparation of sample and standard/comparator, purity of material, counting statistic (sample and standard ) and repeatability. The results showed that metals in river sediment of Pancuran Wonosari were Fe = 7.290%, Zr = 54.5 mg/kg, Ba = 1661.6 mg/kg, La = 22.9 mg/kg, Ce = 161.0 mg/kg, Ti = 3193.2 and Ca = 7.816%, and the result of uncertainty estimate of Fe, Zr, Ba, La, Ce, Ti and Ca were ± 0.60%, ± 4.5 mg/kg, ± 55 mg/kg, ± 1.4 mg/kg, 12.0 mg/kg, ± 208 mg/kg and ± 0.61%. (author)

  7. Orientación de láminas delgadas de (Pb, CaTiO3

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mendiola, J.

    1999-06-01

    Full Text Available Calcium modified PbTiO3 thin films have been prepared on platinized Si, MgO and SrTiO3 substrates. The films were deposited from a sol-gel solution with a concentration of 0.3 M and with a 10% excess of PbO. Two deposits of this solution on the substrates were made by spin-coating, crystallizing each of them by a Rapid Thermal Processing. The resulting films present a single (Pb,CaTiO3 perovskite phase. All the films are textured, but the films deposited on MgO and SrTiO3 show a preferred orientation in the polar direction of the perovskite. As a result of this orientation, pyroelectric coefficients were measured, without any poling, for the films on MgO and SrTiO3. Pyroelectric measurements indicate the application of these films in infrarred sensors.Se han preparado láminas delgadas de PbTiO3 modificado con calcio sobre substratos de Si, MgO y SrTiO3 electrodados con Pt. Las películas se depositaron a partir de una solución sintetizada por sol-gel, con concentración 0.3 M y con un 10 % en exceso de PbO. En cada lámina se hicieron dos depósitos de la solución sobre el substrato mediante la técnica de “spin-coating”, cristalizando cada uno de ellos con un tratamiento térmico rápido. Todas las láminas resultantes presentaban como única fase cristalina la perovskita de (Pb,CaTiO3. Las láminas presentaron una cierta textura, observándose una orientación preferente en la dirección polar en el caso de las películas depositas sobre MgO y SrTiO3. Como resultado de esta orientación, se midieron coeficientes piroeléctricos, sin polarización previa, en las láminas sobre MgO y SrTiO3. Las medidas piroeléctricas de estos materiales evidencian su utilidad en dispositivos para sensores de infrarrojo.

  8. Effects of Fuel to Synthesis of CaTiO3 by Solution Combustion Synthesis for High-Level Nuclear Waste Ceramics.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jung, Choong-Hwan; Kim, Yeon-Ku; Han, Young-Min; Lee, Sang-Jin

    2016-02-01

    A solution combustion process for the synthesis of perovskite (CaTiO3) powders is described. Perovskite is one of the crystalline host matrics for the disposal of high-level radioactive wastes (HLW) because it immobilizes Sr and Lns elements by forming solid solutions. Solution combustion synthesis, which is a self-sustaining oxi-reduction reaction between nitrate and organic fuel, the exothermic reaction, and the heat evolved convert the precursors into their corresponding oxide products above 1100 degrees C in air. To investigate the effects of amino acid on the combustion reaction, various types of fuels were used; a glycine, amine and carboxylic ligand mixture. Sr, La and Gd-nitrate with equivalent amounts of up to 20% of CaTiO3 were mixed with Ca and Ti nitrate and amino acid. X-ray diffraction analysis, SEM and TEM were conducted to confirm the formed phases and morphologies. While powders with an uncontrolled shape are obtained through a general oxide-route process, Ca(Sr, Lns)TiO3 powders with micro-sized soft agglomerates consisting of nano-sized primary particles can be prepared using this method.

  9. The CaO-TiO2-ZrO2 system at 1,200 degree C and the solubilities of Hf and Gd in zirconolite

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Swenson, D.; Nieh, T.G.; Fournelle, J.H.

    1995-12-01

    In recent years, significant technological advancements have been made in the Synroc scheme for the immobilization high-level nuclear waste. However, many basic scientific issues related to Synroc fabrication have yet to be addressed. The CaO-TiO 2 -ZrO 2 system is an integral part of the Synroc formulation. Phase equilibria are established in the CaO-TiO 2 -ZrO 2 system at 1,200 C, using X-ray diffraction and electron probe microanalysis. The existence of two previously reported ternary phases, zirconolite (CaZrTi 2 O 7 ) and calzirtite (Ca 2 Zr 5 Ti 2 O 16 ), is confirmed. Each of these phases exhibits a significant range of homogeneity between TiO 2 and ZrO 2 while maintaining a nearly constant concentration of CaO. The ternary solubilities of the constituent binary phases are found to be negligible, with the exceptions of the perovskites, which display mutual solubility of at least 22 mol.% and may in fact form a series of continuous solid solutions. The solubilities of Hf and Gd in zirconolite are also investigated. While Hf-bearing samples did not reach thermodynamic equilibrium under the experimental conditions employed, the existence of a Hf analog to zirconolite, CaHfTi 2 O 7 , is conclusively demonstrated. The phase is stable at the stoichiometric composition, and its lattice parameters are very close to those reported in the literature for stoichiometric zirconolite. A Gd-bearing sample of the composition Ca 0.88 Zr 0.88 Gd 9.24 Ti 2 O 7 is found to be essentially single phase zirconolite, in agreement with previous investigations at higher temperatures

  10. Hybrid improper ferroelectricity in Ruddlesden-Popper Ca{sub 3}(Ti,Mn){sub 2}O{sub 7} ceramics

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Liu, X. Q., E-mail: xqliu@zju.edu.cn, E-mail: xmchen59@zju.edu.cn; Wu, J. W.; Shi, X. X.; Zhao, H. J.; Zhou, H. Y.; Chen, X. M., E-mail: xqliu@zju.edu.cn, E-mail: xmchen59@zju.edu.cn [Laboratory of Dielectric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027 (China); Qiu, R. H.; Zhang, W. Q. [Department of Physics, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444 (China)

    2015-05-18

    The hybrid improper ferroelectricity (HIF) has been proposed as a promising way to create multiferroic materials with strong magnetoelectric coupling by the first-principle calculation, and the experimental evidences of HIF in Ruddlesden-Poper Ca{sub 3}(Ti{sub 1−x}Mn{sub x}){sub 2}O{sub 7} (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.15) ceramics have been shown in the present work. The room temperature ferroelectric hysteresis loops are observed in these ceramics, and a polar orthorhombic structure with two oxygen tilting modes has been confirmed by the X-ray powder diffraction. A first-order phase transition around 1100 K in Ca{sub 3}Ti{sub 2}O{sub 7} was evidenced, and the temperatures of phase transitions decrease linearly with increasing of the contents of Mn{sup 4+} ions. Based on the result of first-principle calculations, the polarization should be reversed by switching through the mediated Amam phase in Ca{sub 3}Ti{sub 2}O{sub 7} ceramics.

  11. Study of the supernova nucleosynthesis 40Ca(α,γ)44Ti reaction: progress report

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nassar, H.; Paul, M.; Ghelberg, S.; Ofan, A.; Trubnikov, N.; Ben-Dov, Y.; Hass, M.; Nara Singh, B.S.

    2005-01-01

    We report on a study of the α-capture reaction on 40 Ca in the energy range relevant to supernova nucleosynthesis (T 9 ∼ 0.8-3). The experiment measures the overall yield of 44 Ti nuclei produced in an activation of a thick 4 He target by a 40 Ca beam. Preliminary results show a significantly stronger yield than observed in previous measurements in the range T 9 ∼ 1.5-3

  12. Nanoparticles of the giant dielectric material, CaCu3Ti4O12 from a precursor route

    OpenAIRE

    Thomas, P.; Dwarakanath, K.; Varma, K. B. R.; Kutty, T. R. N.

    2013-01-01

    A method of preparing the nanoparticles of CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) with the crystallite size varying from 30 to 200 nm is optimized at a temperature as low as 680 1C from the exothermic thermal decomposition of an oxalate precursor, CaCu3(TiO)4(C2O4)8 ? 9H2O. The phase singularity of the complex oxalate precursor is confirmed by the wet chemical analyses, X-ray diffraction, FT-IR and TGA,DTA analyses. The UV Vis reflectance and ESR spectra of CCTO powders indicate that the Cu(II) coordination chan...

  13. Enhanced electrical and magnetic properties in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 thin films deposited on CaTiO3-buffered silicon substrates

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    C. Adamo

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available We investigate the suitability of an epitaxial CaTiO3 buffer layer deposited onto (100 Si by reactive molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE for the epitaxial integration of the colossal magnetoresistive material La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 with silicon. The magnetic and electrical properties of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 films deposited by MBE on CaTiO3-buffered silicon (CaTiO3/Si are compared with those deposited on SrTiO3-buffered silicon (SrTiO3/Si. In addition to possessing a higher Curie temperature and a higher metal-to-insulator transition temperature, the electrical resistivity and 1/f noise level at 300 K are reduced by a factor of two in the heterostructure with the CaTiO3 buffer layer. These results are relevant to device applications of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 thin films on silicon substrates.

  14. Microstructure and wear behavior of γ/Al4C3/TiC/CaF2 composite coating on γ-TiAl intermetallic alloy prepared by Nd:YAG laser cladding

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Liu Xiubo; Shi Shihong; Guo Jian; Fu Geyan; Wang Mingdi

    2009-01-01

    As a further step in obtaining high performance elevated temperature self-lubrication anti-wear composite coatings on TiAl alloy, a novel Ni-P electroless plating method was adopted to encapsulate the as-received CaF 2 in the preparation of precursor NiCr-Cr 3 C 2 -CaF 2 mixed powders with an aim to decrease its mass loss and increase its compatibility with the metal matrix during a Nd:YAG laser cladding. The microstructure of the coating was examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and the friction and wear behavior of the composite coatings sliding against the hardened 0.45% C steel ring was evaluated using a block-on-ring wear tester at room temperature. It was found that the coating had a unique microstructure consisting of primary dendrites TiC and block Al 4 C 3 carbides reinforcement as well as fine isolated spherical CaF 2 solid lubrication particles uniformly dispersed in the NiCrAlTi (γ) matrix. The good friction-reducing and anti-wear abilities of the laser clad composite coating was suggested to the Ni-P electroless plating and the attendant reduction of mass loss of CaF 2 and the increasing of it's wettability with the NiCrAlTi (γ) matrix during the laser cladding process

  15. Ion-microprobe measurements of Mg, Ca, Ti and Fe isotopic ratios and trace element abundance in hibonite-bearing inclusions in primitive meteorites

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fahey, A.J.

    1988-01-01

    This thesis reports the isotopic abundances of Mg, Ca, and Ti and rare earth element (REE) abundances in 19 hibonite-bearing inclusions from primative meteorites. The isotopic ratios of Fe were measured in one of the samples, Lance HH-1. These measurements were made by means of secondary ion mass spectrometry (CAMECA IMS-3f). The novel hardware and software developments that made this work possible are described in detail. The samples were studied in thin section in order to investigate the relationship between the inclusions and their mineralogical environments. Inclusions from a number of different meteorites, specifically, Mighei, Murray, Murchison, Lance, Efremovka, Vigarano, Qingzhen, Dhajala, and Semarkona, were studied. The isotopes of Ca and Ti show large and correlated abundance anomalies in their most neutron-rich isotopes, 48 Ca and 50 Ti. The largest anomalies among the samples studied here are in the Murray inclusion MY-F6, with a 4.6% deficit in 48 Ca and a 5.2% deficit in 50 Ti, and Lance HH-1, with 3.3% and 6.0% deficits in 48 Ca and 50 Ti respectively. Correlated excesses of 48 Ca and 50 Ti, up to 2.4% and 1.4% respectively, are found in some other samples studied here. The fact that there is a correlation of isotopic anomalies in two different elements is clear evidence for a nucleosynthetic origin of these effects. Various possibilities for the origin of these isotopic anomalies are discussed and it is shown that a Cosmic Chemical Memory-like model of the incomplete mixing of dust grains from one or several supernovae is sufficient to explain the data. Magnesium isotopes show excesses of 26 Mg, attributable to the in-situ decay of 26 Al, in 7 of these inclusions

  16. The cross section measurements for the 51V(n, α)48Sc and 51V(n,p)51Ti reactions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hu Shangbin; Kong Xiangzhong; Yang Jingkang

    1999-01-01

    The cross sections for 51 V(n, α) 48 Sc and 51 V(n,p) 51 Ti have been measured by using the activation method relative to the cross sections of 27 Al(n, α) 24 Na in the neutron energy range 13.4 --14.8 MeV. The results are compared with the published data. The neutron energies were determined by the method of cross section ratios for the reactions 90 Zr(n.2n) 89 Zr by 93 Nb(n,2n) 92m Nb

  17. Chemical solution deposition of CaCu 3 Ti 4 O 12 thin film

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) thin film was successfully deposited on boron doped silica substrate by chemical solution deposition and rapid thermal processing. The phase and microstructure of the deposited films were studied as a function of sintering temperature, employing X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron ...

  18. The effects of boron in TiAl/Ti3Al

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Feng, C.R.; Michel, D.J.; Crowe, C.R.

    1989-01-01

    The authors discuss the TiAl/Ti 3 Al interfacial misfit dislocations structures investigated by TEM in Ti-45Al alloy and Ti-45Al/TiB 2 composite. For TiAl with c/a = 1.02, only a single set of misfit dislocation arrays are crystallographically possible; these were observed in Ti-45Al alloy. However, the observation of three sets of misfit dislocation arrays in the Ti-45Al/TiB 2 composite suggests that the occupation of octahedral sites in the TiAl structure by excess boron was responsible for a decrease in the c/a ratio leading to an increased fcc character of the TiAl at the TiAl/Ti 3 Al interface

  19. Alpha clustering in Ti isotopes: 40,44,48Ca + α resonant scattering

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bailey Sam

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Measurements were made of the 4He(40,44,48Ca,α resonant scattering reactions at 180° and up to Ec.m. ~ 11.5MeV, using the Thick Target Inverse Kinematics technique. These measurements are discussed, with a focus on assessing their usefulness for investigating α-clustering in medium mass 44,48,52Ti nuclei.

  20. Study of new sheep bone and Zn/Ca ratio around TiAlV screw: PIXE RBS analysis

    Science.gov (United States)

    Guibert, G.; Munnik, F.; Langhoff, J. D.; Von Rechenberg, B.; Buffat, Ph. A.; Laub, D.; Faber, L.; Ducret, F.; Gerber, I.; Mikhailov, S.

    2008-03-01

    This study reports on in vivo particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) measurements combined with Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) analyses of new remodeled sheep bone formed around TiAlV screws. The implants (screws) were anodized by a modified TiMax™ process. The interface between the implant and the bone was carefully investigated. [Zn]/[Ca] in-depth composition profiles as well as Ca, Fe elemental maps were recorded. The thickness of new bone formed around the screw reached 300-400 μm. Osteon and Osteoid phases were identified in the new bone. A higher [Zn]/[Ca] ratio was observed in the new bone as compared to the mature bone. Blood vessels were observed in the bone in close contact with the screw. This study shows the potential of ion beam analysis for biological and biomedical characterization.

  1. Study of new sheep bone and Zn/Ca ratio around TiAlV screw: PIXE-RBS analysis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Guibert, G.; Munnik, F.; Langhoff, J.D.; Von Rechenberg, B.; Buffat, Ph.A.; Laub, D.; Faber, L.; Ducret, F.; Gerber, I.; Mikhailov, S.

    2008-01-01

    This study reports on in vivo particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) measurements combined with Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) analyses of new remodeled sheep bone formed around TiAlV screws. The implants (screws) were anodized by a modified TiMax TM process. The interface between the implant and the bone was carefully investigated. [Zn]/[Ca] in-depth composition profiles as well as Ca, Fe elemental maps were recorded. The thickness of new bone formed around the screw reached 300-400 μm. Osteon and Osteoid phases were identified in the new bone. A higher [Zn]/[Ca] ratio was observed in the new bone as compared to the mature bone. Blood vessels were observed in the bone in close contact with the screw. This study shows the potential of ion beam analysis for biological and biomedical characterization

  2. Application and bioactive properties of CaTI, a trypsin inhibitor from Capsicum annuum seeds: membrane permeabilization, oxidative stress and intracellular target in phytopathogenic fungi cells.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Silva, Marciele S; Ribeiro, Suzanna Ff; Taveira, Gabriel B; Rodrigues, Rosana; Fernandes, Katia Vs; Carvalho, André O; Vasconcelos, Ilka Maria; Mello, Erica Oliveira; Gomes, Valdirene M

    2017-08-01

    During the last few years, a growing number of antimicrobial peptides have been isolated from plants and particularly from seeds. Recent results from our laboratory have shown the purification of a new trypsin inhibitor, named CaTI, from chilli pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seeds. This study aims to evaluate the antifungal activity and mechanism of action of CaTI on phytopathogenic fungi and detect the presence of protease inhibitors in other species of this genus. Our results show that CaTI can inhibit the growth of the phytopathogenic fungi Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and C. lindemuthianum. CaTI can also permeabilize the membrane of all tested fungi. When testing the inhibitor on its ability to induce reactive oxygen species, an induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) particularly in Fusarium species was observed. Using CaTI coupled to fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), it was possible to determine the presence of the inhibitor inside the hyphae of the Fusarium oxysporum fungus. The search for protease inhibitors in other Capsicum species revealed their presence in all tested species. This paper shows the antifungal activity of protease inhibitors such as CaTI against phytopathogenic fungi. Antimicrobial peptides, among which the trypsin protease inhibitor family stands out, are present in different species of the genus Capsicum and are part of the chemical arsenal that plants use to defend themselves against pathogens. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

  3. Fluorescence properties of novel near-infrared phosphor CaSc{sub 2}O{sub 4}:Ce{sup 3+}, Nd{sup 3+}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Meng, J.X., E-mail: tmjx@jnu.edu.c [Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632 (China); Institute of Nanochemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632 (China); Zhang, F.J.; Peng, W.F.; Wan, W.J.; Xiao, Q.L.; Chen, Q.Q.; Cao, L.W. [Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632 (China); Wang, Z.L. [School of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yunnan Nationalities University, Kunming 650031 (China)

    2010-10-15

    Research highlights: Novel near-infrared (NIR) phosphor, CaSc{sub 2}O{sub 4}:Ce{sup 3+}, Nd{sup 3+}, was synthesized. The phosphor gives strong Nd{sup 3+} characteristic NIR emissions in the range of 880-930 nm. The NIR emission intensity gets a 200 times enhancement benefited from the efficient energy transfer from a co-doped Ce{sup 3+}. The energy transfer mechanism was also briefly based on detailed investigation on spectrum and fluorescence lifetime. - Abstract: Novel near-infrared (NIR) phosphor, CaSc{sub 2}O{sub 4}:Ce{sup 3+}, Nd{sup 3+}, was synthesized by co-precipitation method followed by firing at 1300 {sup o}C in reduced atmosphere. When irradiated with blue light, the phosphor gives strong Nd{sup 3+} characteristic NIR emissions in the range of 880-930 nm. The NIR emission intensity gets a 200 times enhancement by co-doping of Ce{sup 3+}. Detailed investigation on spectrum and fluorescence lifetimes indicated the NIR luminescence enhancement is obtained from an energy transfer process. The process initiates with efficient absorption of blue light by Ce{sup 3+} ions via an allowed 4f-5d transition, follow by efficient energy transfer from Ce{sup 3+} to Nd{sup 3+}, and emitting strong Nd{sup 3+} characteristic fluorescence.

  4. Impact of symmetry on the ferroelectric properties of CaTiO{sub 3} thin films

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Biegalski, Michael D.; Qiao, Liang [Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831 (United States); Gu, Yijia; Chen, Long-Qing [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16801 (United States); Mehta, Apurva [Stanford Synchrotron Lightsource SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025 (United States); He, Qian; Borisevich, Albina [Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831 (United States); Takamura, Yayoi, E-mail: ytakamura@ucdavis.edu [Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616 (United States)

    2015-04-20

    Epitaxial strain is a powerful tool to induce functional properties such as ferroelectricity in thin films of materials that do not possess ferroelectricity in bulk form. In this work, a ferroelectric state was stabilized in thin films of the incipient ferroelectric, CaTiO{sub 3}, through the careful control of the biaxial strain state and TiO{sub 6} octahedral rotations. Detailed structural characterization was carried out by synchrotron x-ray diffraction and scanning transmission electron microscopy. CaTiO{sub 3} films grown on La{sub 0.18}Sr{sub 0.82}Al{sub 0.59}Ta{sub 0.41}O{sub 3} (LSAT) and NdGaO{sub 3} (NGO) substrates experienced a 1.1% biaxial strain state but differed in their octahedral tilt structures. A suppression of the out-of-plane rotations of the TiO{sub 6} octahedral in films grown on LSAT substrates resulted in a robust ferroelectric I4 mm phase with remnant polarization ∼5 μC/cm{sup 2} at 10 K and T{sub c} near 140 K. In contrast, films grown on NGO substrates with significant octahedral tilting showed reduced polarization and T{sub c}. These results highlight the key role played by symmetry in controlling the ferroelectric properties of perovskite oxide thin films.

  5. Crystal structure and ferroelectric properties of Ca(Cu3−xMx)Ti4O12 (M = Fe and Ni) ceramics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Moriyama, Tohru; Kan, Akinori; Ogawa, Hirotaka

    2013-01-01

    Highlights: ► M-substituted Ca(Cu 3−x M x )Ti 4 O 12 (CCMTO) ceramics, where M = Fe and Ni, were synthesized. ► The influence of M substitution for Cu on crystal structure and ferroelectric properties of CCMTO ceramics were investigated. ► Analysis of CCMTO ceramics revealed the single phase of CCMTO ceramics belongs to I23 non-centrosymmetric space group of I23. ► As a result, the P r and E c values of CCFTO ceramics at x = 0.05 were 1.8 μC/cm 2 and 40 kV/cm, respectively. -- Abstract: M-substituted Ca(Cu 3−x M x )Ti 4 O 12 (CCMTO) ceramics, where M = Fe and Ni, were synthesized and the influence of M substitutions for Cu on the crystal structure and ferroelectric properties of CCMTO ceramics were investigated in this study. From the variations in the lattice parameters of CCMTO ceramics, the solubility limit of Ni substitution for Cu in CaCu 3−x Ni x Ti 4 O 12 (CCNTO) ceramics was x = 0.2, whereas that of CaCu 3−x Fe x Ti 4 O 12 (CCFTO) ceramics was x = 0.05. The crystal structural analysis of CCMTO ceramics revealed that the single phase of CCMTO ceramics belongs to the I23 non-centrosymmetric space group of I23; as a result, the P r and E c values of CCFTO ceramics at x = 0.05 were 1.8 μC/cm 2 and 40 kV/cm, respectively. The ferroelectric behavior of CCMTO ceramics by the M substitutions for Cu may be related to the displacement of a Ti 4+ cation in the TiO 6 octahedra and tilting of the Ti–O–Ti angle because of the non-centrosymmetric space group

  6. Enhanced dielectric and ferroelectric characteristics in Ca-modified BaTiO3 ceramics

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Xiao Na Zhu

    2013-08-01

    Full Text Available Synergic modification of BaTiO3 ceramics was investigated by Ca-substitution, and the superior dielectric and ferroelectric properties were determined together with the structure evolution. X-ray diffraction (XRD analysis demonstrated a large solubility limit above x = 0.25 in Ba1−xCaxTiO3 solid solution where the fine grain structure was observed with increasing x. Room temperature dielectric constant as high as 1655 was achieved in the present ceramics together with the significantly reduced dielectric loss of 0.013 (x = 0.20 at 100 kHz, where the Curie temperature kept almost a constant while other two transition temperatures decreased continuously with increasing x. More importantly, the remanent polarization Pr and dielectric strength Eb were significantly enhanced by Ca-substitution, and the best Pr (11.34 μC/cm2 and the highest dielectric strength Eb (75 kV/cm were acquired at x = 0.25. The present ceramics should be very desirable for the applications such as high density energy storage devices.

  7. Polarization fatigue resistance of Ca-doped Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 thin films prepared by the sol-gel method

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wei, T.; Wang, Y.; Zhu, C.; Dong, X.W.; Xia, Y.D.; Zhu, J.S.; Liu, J.-M.

    2008-01-01

    The ferroelectric and polarization fatigue characteristics of Pb 1-x Ca x (Zr 0.52 Ti 0.48 )O 3 (PCZT) thin films prepared using the sol-gel method were studied. The Ca-doping slightly suppresses the ferroelectricity of Pb(Zr 0.52 Ti 0.48 )O 3 (PZT) because of the quantum paraelectric behavior of CaTiO 3 . Compared with PZT thin films, the PCZT (x=0.2) thin films show enhanced fatigue resistance at room temperature, further emphasized by the almost fatigue-free behavior at 100 K. The temperature-dependent dc-conductivity suggests a decrease of the oxygen vacancy density by almost 20 times and a slightly declined activation energy U for oxygen vacancies, upon increasing of the Ca-doping content from 0.0 to 0.2. It is argued that the improved fatigue endurance is ascribed to the decreasing density of oxygen vacancies due to the Ca-doping, although the lowered activation energy of oxygen vacancies is unfavorable. (orig.)

  8. Propiedades dieléctricas de láminas delgadas de (Pb,CaTiO3 con alto contenido de Ca

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Calzada, M. L.

    2004-04-01

    Full Text Available Lead titanate thin films modified with calcium, Pb1-xCaxTiO3, with x>35%, have been deposited onto Pt/TiO2/SiO2/(100Si y Pt/(100MgO substrates, by the sol-gel method and a rapid thermal processing (RTP. Properties similar to the counterpart bulk ceramics are planned, such as the decrease of the phase transition temperature and the increase of permittivity at room temperature. Films with Ca content close to 40 % and 50% exhibit at room temperature, high enough permittivity with reduced temperature dependence and a C-V behaviour that make them of interest for DRAM and high frequency devices.Se han preparado láminas delgadas de titanato de plomo modificado con calcio, Pb1-xCaxTiO3, (PTCa con x>35%, depositadas sobre substratos de Pt/TiO2/SiO2/(100Si y Pt/(100MgO, empleando la técnica de sol-gel y un horno rápido de procesado (RTP. Se intenta obtener propiedades cercanas al material cerámico masivo, como son la bajada de la temperatura de la transición ferro-paraeléctrica y el aumento de la permitividad, ε´ a temperatura ambiente. Así, se consiguen láminas de contenido de Ca próximas al 40% y 50% con valores altos de permitividad, poco dependientes de la temperatura, que presentan un alto carácter difuso en la transición para temperaturas próxima a ambiente y un comportamiento de la capacidad con el voltaje, C-V,que las hacen de interés en la fabricación de DRAM y dispositivos para alta frecuencia.

  9. Hydration reactions in pastes C3S+C3A+CaSO4.2aq+H20 at 25°C.I

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Corstanje, W.A.; Stein, H.N.; Stevels, J.M.

    1973-01-01

    A characteristic retardation of the hydration of C3A is found in pastes C3S+C3A+CaSO4.2aq+H2O of weight ratios 1:3:z:4 at certain values of z, when sulphate concentration becomes insufficient for monosulphate formation. This retardation is ascribed to precipitation of amorphous Al(OH)3, when C3A

  10. Study of the synthesis of TiO2 layers on macroporous ceramic supports in supercritical (SC) CO2 for processing radioactive aqueous effluents in dynamic mode

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Duchateau, Maxime

    2014-01-01

    Public and military nuclear industry generates a significant amount of radioactive liquid waste which must be treated before being released into the environment. Decontamination methods alternative to the industrial techniques (evaporation, chemical treatment) are being developed, such as column treatments or coupled filtration/sorption processes. Current researches mainly focus on the development and shaping of specific sorbents. In this context, the objectives of this thesis were first to study the synthesis of TiO 2 layers on macroporous ceramic supports in supercritical (SC) CO 2 and then to evaluate their potential for radionuclide extraction in these alternative processes. A robust synthesis method has been developed, based on the thermal decomposition of titanium isopropoxide in SC CO 2 in the temperature range between 150 C and 350 C. Nano-structured TiO 2 films were formed on the macroporous supports (ceramic foams, tubular α-alumina supports) with good adhesion, already at 150 C. The effect of the synthesis temperature on sorbents physico-chemical characteristics and sorption properties has been studied with TiO 2 powders prepared under the same conditions as the supported films. The best sorption performance were observed for the powder prepared at 150 C, owing to its higher density of surface sites in comparison with powders prepared at either 250 C or 350 C. Consequently, this synthesis temperature (150 C) was selected for a detailed study of the composite sorbents (TiO 2 /support), in order to assess their sorption performance in continuous treatment processes. The sorption experiments have shown that a column of alumina macroporous foam (Φpore = 400μm) coated with TiO 2 was suitable for processing effluents in dynamic mode with high throughputs. Both macro-pore sizes and column height were revealed as important parameters to be controlled. For the coupled filtration/sorption treatment, TiO 2 membranes exhibit good mechanical strength and are able

  11. Solid-state reaction mechanism and microwave dielectric properties of CaTiO{sub 3}–LaAlO{sub 3} ceramics

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Jiang, Juan [Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Faculty of Materials Science & Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062 (China); Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062 (China); Fang, Danhua; Lu, Chao; Dou, Zhanming; Wang, Gan; Zhang, Fan [Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Faculty of Materials Science & Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062 (China); Zhang, Tianjin, E-mail: zhangtj@hubu.edu.cn [Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Faculty of Materials Science & Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062 (China); Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062 (China)

    2015-07-25

    Highlights: • CaTiO{sub 3}–LaAlO{sub 3} perovskite ceramics were prepared by four sintering reaction routes. • The solid-state reaction mechanism was investigated by XRD and TG/DSC techniques. • Sintering routes had more influence on the parameters of Q × f and τ{sub f} than on ε{sub r}. - Abstract: 0.675CaTiO{sub 3}–0.325LaAlO{sub 3} perovskite ceramics were prepared by a conventional sintering process through four reaction routes. The solid-state reaction mechanisms were investigated by X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric/differential scanning calorimetric analysis techniques. The results show that interactions occurred between mixtures of CaCO{sub 3} and TiO{sub 2} as well as La{sub 2}O{sub 3} and Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}, and they can influence the sintering behavior of the mixtures. Prior to the formation of solid solutions, the perovskite phases CaTiO{sub 3} and LaAlO{sub 3} were formed regardless of the combination of oxide powders used as reagents. From the powder mixtures which were calcined at 1200 °C, a Ca-rich Ca{sub 9}Al{sub 6}O{sub 18} phase was present at 1400 °C if free La{sub 2}O{sub 3} and Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} used in the reaction mixtures. Ca-rich phases were also formed at higher temperature (1450 °C) if LaAlO{sub 3} was present. The densities of the ceramics obtained by the four routes were different at specific sintering temperatures, and the highest density was obtained for the reaction route two. Results indicated that the preparation pathways had more influence on Q × f and temperature coefficient of the resonant frequency (τ{sub f}) than on the dielectric constants (ε{sub r}), and Q × f decreased and τ{sub f} increased rapidly when the secondary phase presented. Route four is considered as an optimal pathway for the preparation of 0.675CaTiO{sub 3}–0.325LaAlO{sub 3} ceramics.

  12. Influence of titanium precursor on photoluminescent emission of micro-cube-shaped CaTiO{sub 3}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mazzo, Tatiana Martelli, E-mail: tatimazzo@gmail.com [Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Avenida Almameda Saldanha da Gama, 89, Ponta da Praia, CEP 11030-400 Santos, SP (Brazil); Santilli do Nascimento Libanori, Gabriela [Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Avenida Almameda Saldanha da Gama, 89, Ponta da Praia, CEP 11030-400 Santos, SP (Brazil); Moreira, Mario Lucio [Instituto de Física e Matemática, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, P.O. Box 354, Campus do Capão do Leão, 96001-970 Pelotas, RS (Brazil); Avansi Jr, Waldir [Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Jardim Guanabara, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP (Brazil); Mastelaro, Valmor Roberto [Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, Arnold Schimidt, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP (Brazil); Varela, José Arana; Longo, Elson [INCTMN/LIEC, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista, P.O. Box 355, R. Francisco Degni, 55, Bairro Quitandinha, 14801-907 Araraquara, SP (Brazil)

    2015-09-15

    For this research, we studied the influence of titanium tetrachloride (TC) and titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTP) precursors on CaTiO{sub 3} (CTO) synthesis by employing a microwave-assisted hydrothermal (MAH) method regarding their respective short-, medium- and long-range features to determine if the use of different titanium precursors enhances the structural evolution of the material. The growth mechanism for the formation of the micro-cube-shaped CTO is proposed to obtain nanoparticle aggregation of self-assembly nanoplates. The disorder coupled to the oxygen vacancies of [TiO{sub 5}]–[TiO{sub 6}] in complex clusters in the CTO 1 powder and twists in bonding between the [TiO{sub 6}]–[TiO{sub 6}] complex clusters in the CTO 2 powder were mainly responsible for photoluminescent (PL) emission. - Highlights: • Different titanium precursors enhance the structural evolution of the material. • [TiO{sub 5}]–[TiO{sub 6}] and twists in bonding [TiO{sub 6}]–[TiO{sub 6}] were responsible for PL emission. • Micro-cube shaped was formed by nanoparticle aggregation of self-assembly nanoplates.

  13. Fe-moment instability in Ti{sub 1-x}Sc{sub x}Fe{sub 2} Laves-phase compounds

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ouladdiaf, B. [Institut Laue-Langevin, BP 156, 38042 GRENOBLE Cedex 09 (France); Deportes, J. [Lab. Louis Neel, CNRS, BP 166, 38042 GRENOBLE Cedex 09 (France); Saoudi, M. [Centre Universitaire de Guelma, GUELMA 24 000 (Algeria)

    2002-07-01

    The magnetic properties of the pseudo-binary Laves-phase compounds Ti{sub 1-x}Sc{sub x}Fe{sub 2} were investigated by means of magnetisation and high-resolution powder neutron diffraction techniques. For x<0.2 a transition from an antiferromagnetic state to a canted one with a ferromagnetic component in the basal plane is observed, while for 0.2

  14. Luminescent characteristics of UV excited Sr_0_._5Ca_0_._5TiO_3: Pr"3"+ reddish-orange phosphor

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Vidyadharan, Viji; Mohan P, Remya; Joseph, Cyriac; Unnikrishnan, N.V.; Biju, P.R.

    2016-01-01

    Pr"3"+ doped Sr_0_._5Ca_0_._5TiO_3 phosphors were synthesised by solid state reaction process. The structure, surface morphology and photoluminescence of the prepared phosphors were analysed using XRD, SEM and photoluminescence spectroscopy respectively. The XRD pattern confirmed orthorhombic perovskite structure of the Sr_0_._5Ca_0_._5TiO_3: x Pr"3"+ phosphor. Agglomeration of particles with irregular shapes is observed from the SEM images. The emission spectra of Sr_0_._5Ca_0_._5TiO_3: x Pr"3"+ phosphor shows the samples can be effectively excited with UV light at 336 nm and exhibit a strong reddish-orange emission at 611 nm. Concentration dependence of emission intensity shows concentration quenching effect on increasing Pr"3"+ concentration after x = 0.1 because of dipole–dipole interaction. Using Blasse's formula, critical distance for energy transfer was calculated. The CIE co-ordinates, CCT, colour purity and luminescence decay of the prepared phosphors were also calculated. These results offer the prepared phosphor as a suitable candidate for various photonic applications. - Highlights: • Sr_0_._5Ca_0_._5TiO_3: x Pr"3"+ perovskite structured phosphors were synthesized. • Under UV excitation, the PL spectra show strong reddish-orange emission. • The emission from "3P_J levels of Pr"3"+ were absent due to the presence of IVCT band. • Concentration quenching due to dipole–dipole interaction was observed. • For x = 0.1, sample shows a maximum emission intensity with 91.7% colour purity.

  15. Magnetic ground state of Ti{sub 1-x}Sc{sub x}Fe{sub 2} system

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Saoudi, M.; Deportes, J.; Ouladdiaf, B. E-mail: ouladdiaf@ill.fr

    2001-06-01

    The magnetic ground states of the Laves phases Ti{sub 1-x}Sc{sub x}Fe{sub 2} system have been investigated by means of powder neutron diffraction and magnetisation techniques. For x=0.23, a transition is observed from a collinear ferromagnet along the c-axis to a canted one at T{sub f}=200 K. For x=0.27, 0.3, 0.33, an additional first-order transition is observed at T{sub t1}{approx}120 K accompanied by a large magnetovolume anomaly associated to a jump of the magnetic moment of the Fe atoms at the 2a site. The magnetic moment instability in a frustrated lattice should be considered to interpret this transition, although most of the other magnetic states can be discussed within Moriya's theory for itinerant electron systems with competing ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations.

  16. The monoclinic superstructure of the M2Pt6Al15 series (M=Ca, Sc, Y, La, Lu)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Radzieowski, Mathis; Stegemann, Frank; Hoffmann, Rolf-Dieter; Janka, Oliver; Oldenburg Univ.

    2017-01-01

    The five ternary intermetallic compounds M 2 Pt 6 Al 15 (M=Ca, Sc, Y, La, Lu) were prepared from the elements by arc-melting. The crystal structure was determined via single crystal X-ray diffraction. The title compounds crystallize in a superstructure of the RE 0.67 Pt 2 Al 5 type structure (P6 3 /mmc) in the monoclinic crystal system with space group P12 1 /m1 (Sc 2 Pt 6 Al 15 : a=734.19(2), b=1628.96(10), c=734.19(2) pm, β=119.999(3) ; wR=0.0356, 3034 F 2 values, 68 variables). The superstructure can be derived by the superspace formalism using (3+2)D or (3+1)D interpretations of the diffraction data. The structural relation to the subcell structure is discussed on the basis of a group-subgroup scheme. In the crystal structure strongly bonded [Pt 2 Al 4 ] δ- slabs are alternatingly stacked with ordered layers containing M atoms and Al 3 triangles.

  17. Microwave synthesis and sintering characteristics of CaCu 3 Ti 4 O 12

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) was synthesized and sintered by microwave processing at 2.45 GHz, 1.1 kW. The optimum calcination temperature using microwave heating was determined to be 950°C for 20 min to obtain cubic CCTO powders. The microwave processed powders were sintered to 94% density at 1000°C/60 min.

  18. Synthesis of Nanoparticles of the Giant Dielectric Material, CaCu3Ti4O12 from a Precursor Route

    OpenAIRE

    Thomas, P.; Dwarakanath, K.; Varma, K. B. R.; Kutty, T. R. N.

    2013-01-01

    A complex oxalate precursor, CaCu3(TiO)4(C2O4)8.9H2O, was synthesized and the precipitate that obtained was confirmed to be monophasic by the wet chemical analyses, X-ray diffraction, FTIR absorption and TG, DTA analyses. The thermal decomposition of this oxalate precursor led to the formation of phase-pure calcium copper titanate, CaCu3Ti4O12, at 680oC. The bright field TEM micrographs revealed that the size of the as synthesized crystallites to be in the 30 to 80 nm range. The powders so ob...

  19. Interrelation between domain structures and polarization switching in hybrid improper ferroelectric Ca3(Mn,Ti)2O7

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gao, Bin; Huang, Fei-Ting; Wang, Yazhong; Kim, Jae-Wook; Wang, Lihai; Lim, Seong-Joon; Cheong, Sang-Wook

    2017-05-01

    Ca3Mn2O7 and Ca3Ti2O7 have been proposed as the prototypical hybrid improper ferroelectrics (HIFs), and a significant magnetoelectric (ME) coupling in magnetic Ca3Mn2O7 is, in fact, reported theoretically and experimentally. Although the switchability of polarization is confirmed in Ca3Ti2O7 and other non-magnetic HIFs, there is no report of switchable polarization in the isostructural Ca3Mn2O7. We constructed the phase diagram of Ca3Mn2-xTixO7 through our systematic study of a series of single crystalline Ca3Mn2-xTixO7 (x = 0, 0.1, 1, 1.5, and 2). Using transmission electron microscopy, we have unveiled the unique domain structure of Ca3Mn2O7: the high-density 90° stacking of a- and b-domains along the c-axis due to the phase transition through an intermediate Acca phase and the in-plane irregular wavy ferroelastic twin domains. The interrelation between domain structures and physical properties is unprecedented: the stacking along the c-axis prevents the switching of polarization and causes the irregular in-plane ferroelastic domain pattern. In addition, we have determined the magnetic phase diagram and found complex magnetism of Ca3Mn2O7 with isotropic canted moments. These results lead to negligible observable ME coupling in Ca3Mn2O7 and guide us to explore multiferroics with large ME coupling.

  20. Enhanced Mechanical Properties of MgZnCa Bulk Metallic Glass Composites with Ti-Particle Dispersion

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pei Chun Wong

    2016-05-01

    Full Text Available Rod samples of Mg60Zn35Ca5 bulk metallic glass composites (BMGCs dispersed with Ti particles have been successfully fabricated via injection casting. The glass forming ability (GFA and the mechanical properties of these Mg-based BMGCs have been systematically investigated as a function of the volume fraction (Vf of Ti particles. The results showed that the compressive ductility increased with Vf. The mechanical performance of these BMGCs, with up to 5.4% compressive failure strain and 1187 MPa fracture strength at room temperature, can be obtained for the Mg-based BMGCs with 50 vol % Ti particles, suggesting that these dispersed Ti particles can absorb the energy of the crack propagations and can induce branches of the primary shear band into multiple secondary shear bands. It follows that further propagation of the shear band is blocked, enhancing the overall plasticity.

  1. Blue-green and red photoluminescence in CaTiO3:Sm

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Figueiredo, Alberthmeiry T. de; Longo, Valeria M.; Lazaro, Sergio de; Mastelaro, Valmor R.; De Vicente, Fabio S.; Hernandes, Antonio C.; Siu Li, Maximo; Varela, Jose A.; Longo, Elson

    2007-01-01

    Blue-green and red photoluminescence (PL) emission in structurally disordered CaTiO 3 :Sm (CT:Sm) powders was observed at room temperature with laser excitation at 350.7 nm. The perovskite-like titanate CT:Sm powders prepared by a soft chemical processing at different temperatures of annealing were structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES). The results indicate that the generation of the broad PL band is related to order-disorder degree in the perovskite-like structure

  2. Synthesis and characterization of CaTiO3 powder by combustion synthesis process

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jung, C. W.; Shin, H. C.; Park, J. Y.; Lee, H. G.; Kim, H. Y.; Hong, K. W.

    2000-01-01

    Synroc is considered as a one of the most promising candidate for HLW solidification. CaTiO 3 , perovskite, which is a component of Synroc, can immobilize lanthanide and actinides by forming solid solutions. Generally most of the radioactive wastes elements were treated as a nitrate form. Therefore, the combustion process using metal nitrates as reactant materials can be easily applied to immobilize the radioactive waste elements. In this study, the feasibility of preparing fine, single-phase powders of multi-component oxide by a combustion process was investigated. Generally, the powder synthesized by combustion process showed different characteristics depending on the type and amount of fuel. And the spherical CaTiO 3 particles were directly prepared from the aqueous solution by an ultrasonic mist combustion process using an ultrasonic nebulizers as mist generators. The particles prepared with simple spray pyrolysis method using nitrate solution without fuel as precursor solution showed porous and hollow morphology, while the particles prepared with precursor solutions containing fuel showed dense solid morphology. Among various kinds of fuel tested, glycine showed the best result in reaction kinetics and crystalline phase purity

  3. Critical thickness of high structural quality SrTiO3 films grown on orthorhombic (101) DyScO3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Biegalski, M. D.; Trolier-McKinstry, S.; Schlom, D. G.; Fong, D. D.; Eastman, J. A.; Fuoss, P. H.; Streiffer, S. K.; Heeg, T.; Schubert, J.; Tian, W.; Nelson, C. T.; Pan, X. Q.; Hawley, M. E.; Bernhagen, M.; Reiche, P.; Uecker, R.

    2008-01-01

    Strained epitaxial SrTiO 3 films were grown on orthorhombic (101) DyScO 3 substrates by reactive molecular-beam epitaxy. The epitaxy of this substrate/film combination is cube on cube with a pseudocubic out-of-plane (001) orientation. The strain state and structural perfection of films with thicknesses ranging from 50 to 1000 A were examined using x-ray scattering. The critical thickness at which misfit dislocations was introduced was between 350 and 500 A. These films have the narrowest rocking curves (full width at half maximum) ever reported for any heteroepitaxial oxide film (0.0018 deg.). Only a modest amount of relaxation is seen in films exceeding the critical thicknesses even after postdeposition annealing at 700 deg. C in 1 atm of oxygen. The dependence of strain relaxation on crystallographic direction is attributed to the anisotropy of the substrate. These SrTiO 3 films show structural quality more typical of semiconductors such as GaAs and silicon than perovskite materials; their structural relaxation behavior also shows similarity to that of compound semiconductor films

  4. Phase evaluation of YSZ upon doping with Ta"5"+, Ti"4"+ and Ca"2"+ with combined Raman and XRD analysis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bhattacharya, A.; Shklover, V.; Wermelinger, T.

    2012-01-01

    To improve the phase stability of 7YSZ (7 wt%-Y_2O_3-doped ZrO_2), it has been doped with larger (Ca"2"+) and smaller (Ti"4"+ or Ta"5"+) ions. Complementary Raman and XRD studies of these stabilized systems have been performed. The tetragonal symmetry of the Ta"5"+-ion-doped YSZ sample and the Ti"4"+-doped YSZ sample, and the cubic symmetry of Ca"2"+-doped YSZ have been confirmed both by means of XRD and Raman analyses. Raman scattering measurements show shifts of characteristic peaks when the YSZ is doped with Ta"5"+, Ti"4"+ and Ca"2"+ cations. The peak shift increased with increasing dopant concentration in the ZrO_2 lattice. The Ta-doped YSZ sample heat-treated below 1500 C contained some YTaO_4 phase, which was confirmed by means of XRD as well as by Raman spectroscopy. The effect of Ca"2"+ ion doping on the Raman peak shift was much higher than that of Y"3"+ ion doping. In this work it has been highlighted that Raman spectroscopy is a useful tool complementing XRD, for qualitative comparison of the doping effect on the lattice parameters of ZrO_2.

  5. High-pressure crystal structure of elastically isotropic CaTiO3 perovskite under hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic conditions.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhao, Jing; Ross, Nancy L; Wang, Di; Angel, Ross J

    2011-11-16

    The structural evolution of orthorhombic CaTiO3 perovskite has been studied using high-pressure single-crystal x-ray diffraction under hydrostatic conditions up to 8.1 GPa and under a non-hydrostatic stress field formed in a diamond anvil cell (DAC) up to 4.7 GPa. Under hydrostatic conditions, the TiO6 octahedra become more tilted and distorted with increasing pressure, similar to other 2:4 perovskites. Under non-hydrostatic conditions, the experiments do not show any apparent difference in the internal structural variation from hydrostatic conditions and no additional tilts and distortions in the TiO6 octahedra are observed, even though the lattice itself becomes distorted due to the non-hydrostatic stress. The similarity between the hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic cases can be ascribed to the fact that CaTiO3 perovskite is nearly elastically isotropic and, as a consequence, its deviatoric unit-cell volume strain produced by the non-hydrostatic stress is very small; in other words, the additional octahedral tilts relevant to the extra unit-cell volume associated with the deviatoric unit-cell volume strain may be totally neglected. This study further addresses the role that three factors--the elastic properties, the crystal orientation and the pressure medium--have on the structural evolution of an orthorhombic perovskite loaded in a DAC under non-hydrostatic conditions. The influence of these factors can be clearly visualized by plotting the three-dimensional distribution of the deviatoric unit-cell volume strain in relation to the cylindrical axis of the DAC and indicates that, if the elasticity of a perovskite is nearly isotropic as it is for CaTiO3, the other two factors become relatively insignificant.

  6. High-pressure crystal structure of elastically isotropic CaTiO3 perovskite under hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic conditions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhao Jing; Ross, Nancy L; Wang, Di; Angel, Ross J

    2011-01-01

    The structural evolution of orthorhombic CaTiO 3 perovskite has been studied using high-pressure single-crystal x-ray diffraction under hydrostatic conditions up to 8.1 GPa and under a non-hydrostatic stress field formed in a diamond anvil cell (DAC) up to 4.7 GPa. Under hydrostatic conditions, the TiO 6 octahedra become more tilted and distorted with increasing pressure, similar to other 2:4 perovskites. Under non-hydrostatic conditions, the experiments do not show any apparent difference in the internal structural variation from hydrostatic conditions and no additional tilts and distortions in the TiO 6 octahedra are observed, even though the lattice itself becomes distorted due to the non-hydrostatic stress. The similarity between the hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic cases can be ascribed to the fact that CaTiO 3 perovskite is nearly elastically isotropic and, as a consequence, its deviatoric unit-cell volume strain produced by the non-hydrostatic stress is very small; in other words, the additional octahedral tilts relevant to the extra unit-cell volume associated with the deviatoric unit-cell volume strain may be totally neglected. This study further addresses the role that three factors-the elastic properties, the crystal orientation and the pressure medium-have on the structural evolution of an orthorhombic perovskite loaded in a DAC under non-hydrostatic conditions. The influence of these factors can be clearly visualized by plotting the three-dimensional distribution of the deviatoric unit-cell volume strain in relation to the cylindrical axis of the DAC and indicates that, if the elasticity of a perovskite is nearly isotropic as it is for CaTiO 3 , the other two factors become relatively insignificant. (paper)

  7. Crystal growth and piezoelectric properties of Ca3Ta(Ga0.9Sc0.1)3Si2O14 bulk single crystal

    Science.gov (United States)

    Igarashi, Yu; Yokota, Yuui; Ohashi, Yuji; Inoue, Kenji; Yamaji, Akihiro; Shoji, Yasuhiro; Kamada, Kei; Kurosawa, Shunsuke; Yoshikawa, Akira

    2018-03-01

    Ca3Ta(Ga0.9Sc0.1)3Si2O14 langasite-type single crystal with a diameter of 1 in. was grown by Czochralski (Cz) method. Obtained crystal had good crystallinity and its lattice constants exceeded those of Ca3TaGa3Si2O14 (CTGS) according to the X-ray analysis. A crack-free specimen cut from the grown crystal was used for the measurements of dielectric constant ε11T/ε0, electromechanical coupling factor k12, and piezoelectric constant d11. The accuracies of these measurements were better than those for the crystal grown by micro-pulling-down (μ-PD) method. Substitution of Ga with Sc resulted modification of these constants in the directions opposite to those observed after partial substitution of Ga (of CTGS) with Al. This suggests that increase of |d14| was most probably associated with enlargement of average size of the Ga sites. The crystal reported here had greater dimensions as compared to analogous crystals grown by the μ-PD method. As a result, accuracy of determination of acoustic constants of this material may be improved.

  8. Investigating the large degeneracy Kondo lattice metamagnet CeTiGe: Crystal growth and doping studies

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gruner, T.; Caroca-Canales, N.; Deppe, M.; Geibel, C. [MPI fuer Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, 01187, Dresden (Germany); Sereni, J. [Centro Atomico Bariloche, 8400, S. C. de Bariloche (Argentina)

    2011-07-01

    CeTiGe is a paramagnetic Kondo lattice system with a large orbital degeneracy involved in the formation of the heavy Fermion ground state. Recently we discovered that this compound presents a huge metamagnetic transition at B{sub MMT} {approx} 13 T, with much larger anomalies in magnetization, magnetoresistance and magnetostriction than in the archetypical Kondo lattice metamagnet CeRu{sub 2}Si{sub 2}. Since CeTiGe forms in a pronounced peritectic reaction the growth of single crystals is difficult. We therefore studied the Ce-Ti-Ge ternary metallographic phase diagram to get a sound basis for future crystal growth attempts. Preliminary results of growth experiments based on these studies are promising and shall be discussed. Furthermore, Ti-rich CeTiGe was recently reported to present a high temperature phase crystallizing in the closely related CeScSi structure type. In order to study this structural instability and the effect on the physical properties, we studied the effect of substituting Sc for Ti, since pure CeScGe crystallizes in the CeScSi structure type. In well annealed samples we observed a two phase region in the range 10% - 25%-Sc-substitution. Preliminary investigations of the CeSc{sub x}Ti{sub 1-x}Ge alloy suggest it is a promising candidate for the observation of a ferromagnetic quantum critical point in a large degeneracy Kondo lattice system.

  9. Electron paramagnetic resonance investigation of polycrystalline CaCu3Ti4O12

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mozzati, Maria Cristina; Azzoni, Carlo Bruno; Capsoni, Doretta; Bini, Marcella; Massarotti, Vincenzo

    2003-01-01

    Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements on pure polycrystalline CaCu 3 Ti 4 O 12 have been performed and are discussed within a crystal-field approach. A symmetric signal centred at g = 2.15 is observed for T>25 K, with no evidence of hyperfine structure. At this temperature an antiferromagnetic transition is observed as confirmed by static magnetization data. Cu defective and 2% doped (V, Cr, Mn, La) samples were also prepared and considered, mainly to understand the nature of the observed paramagnetic centre. Substitutions in the octahedral sites, causing variations of the configuration in CuO 4 -TiO 6 -CuO 4 complexes, change the magnetic and EPR features. To justify the EPR response a strong copper-hole delocalization is suggested

  10. Theoretical study of phase stability and elastic properties of T0.75Y0.75B14 (T  =  Sc, Ti, V, Y, Zr, Nb, Si)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hunold, Oliver; Music, Denis; Schneider, Jochen M

    2016-01-01

    In this study the phase stability, elastic properties, and plastic behaviour of icosahedral transition metal borides T 0.75 Y 0.75 B 14 (T  =  Sc, Ti, V, Y, Zr, Nb, Si) have been investigated using density functional theory. Phase stability critically depends on the charge transferred by T and Y to the B icosahedra. For the metal sublattice occupancy investigated here, the minimum energy of formation is identified at an effective B icosahedra charge of  −1.8  ±  0.1. This charge corridor encompasses the highest phase stability among all the reported icosahedral transition metal boride systems so far. This data provides guidance for future experimental efforts: from a wear-resistance point of view, Sc 0.75 Y 0.75 B 14 , Ti 0.75 Y 0.75 B 14 , and Zr 0.75 Y 0.75 B 14 exhibit a rather unique and attractive combination of large Young’s modulus values ranging from 488 to 514 GPa with the highest phase stability for icosahedral transition metals borides reported so far. (paper)

  11. Microstructure and wear behavior of {gamma}/Al{sub 4}C{sub 3}/TiC/CaF{sub 2} composite coating on {gamma}-TiAl intermetallic alloy prepared by Nd:YAG laser cladding

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Liu Xiubo [School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, 178 Ganjiang East Road, Soochow University, Suzhou 215021 (China)], E-mail: liubobo0828@yahoo.com.cn; Shi Shihong [School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, 178 Ganjiang East Road, Soochow University, Suzhou 215021 (China); Guo Jian [School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan Institute of Technology, 41 Zhongyuan West Road, Zhengzhou 450007 (China); Fu Geyan; Wang Mingdi [School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, 178 Ganjiang East Road, Soochow University, Suzhou 215021 (China)

    2009-03-15

    As a further step in obtaining high performance elevated temperature self-lubrication anti-wear composite coatings on TiAl alloy, a novel Ni-P electroless plating method was adopted to encapsulate the as-received CaF{sub 2} in the preparation of precursor NiCr-Cr{sub 3}C{sub 2}-CaF{sub 2} mixed powders with an aim to decrease its mass loss and increase its compatibility with the metal matrix during a Nd:YAG laser cladding. The microstructure of the coating was examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and the friction and wear behavior of the composite coatings sliding against the hardened 0.45% C steel ring was evaluated using a block-on-ring wear tester at room temperature. It was found that the coating had a unique microstructure consisting of primary dendrites TiC and block Al{sub 4}C{sub 3} carbides reinforcement as well as fine isolated spherical CaF{sub 2} solid lubrication particles uniformly dispersed in the NiCrAlTi ({gamma}) matrix. The good friction-reducing and anti-wear abilities of the laser clad composite coating was suggested to the Ni-P electroless plating and the attendant reduction of mass loss of CaF{sub 2} and the increasing of it's wettability with the NiCrAlTi ({gamma}) matrix during the laser cladding process.

  12. Investigations of collective and single-particle aspects of excitation in 1fsub(7/2) shell nuclei

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Styczen, J.

    1976-01-01

    Experimental data are presented which were obtained in spectroscopic studies on 1fsub(7/2) shell nuclei in the following reactions: 30 Si( 16 0,pn) 44 Sc, 44 Ca(p,n) 44 Sc, 42 Ca(α,p) 45 Sc, 42 Ca(α,n) 45 Sc, 45 Sc(α,pn) 47 Ti, 46 Ti(α,p) 49 V, 47 Ti(α,pn) 49 V, and 49 Ti(p,n) 49 V. Experimental reduced transition probabilities B(M1) and B(E2) have been systematically compared for inband transitions of Ksup(π)=3/2 + bands in sup(43,45,47)Sc, 45 Ti and sup(47,49)V nuclei. In the framework of the pure rotational model, intrinsic quadrupole moments |Qsub(o)| and |gsub(K)-gsub(R)| ratios have been derived. Band mixing calculations in a strong coupling model treating more correctly the j 2 term in the hamiltonian and hole excitations, have been indertaken on properties of negativeparity states in the cross-conjugate nuclei 47 Ti- 49 V and V 47 - 49 Dr. There is an overall good agreement between the experimental data and the theoretical predictions. The strong coupling model has been also used to study possible regions of stable deformation for the positive parity states of the odd nuclei in the 1fsub(7/2) shell. Band mixing calculations performed for these states have shown that the experimental data are well reproduced in the calculations with a deformation parameter corresponding to a minimum of the static potential energy. (author)

  13. Effect of structure on nonlinear optical properties in CaCu{sub 3}Ti{sub 4}O{sub 12} films

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ning, Tingyin [School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014 (China); Zhou, Yueliang, E-mail: ylzhou@iphy.ac.cn [Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (China)

    2015-12-21

    We report the third-order nonlinear optical properties of CaCu{sub 3}Ti{sub 4}O{sub 12} films with different preferred growth orientations on MgO and fused silica substrates. The films have (310)- and (220)-orientation on MgO and fused silica, respectively, due to the lattice-mismatch. Raman spectra further indicate different atom-bonding states in the films. The nonlinear optical measurements show the films possess the same self-defocusing behavior but with different values of nonlinear refraction, and changed signs of nonlinear absorption. The difference of optical nonlinearity in CaCu{sub 3}Ti{sub 4}O{sub 12} films is ascribed to different lattice parameters and intermediate levels induced by structure.

  14. Application of the Functional Theory in studying the adsorption of carbon monoxide on the TiO2 rutile surface of 110, defected surface and the surface modified by some metallic ions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Le Kim Long; Phung Manh Quan; Tran Thi Thanh Van

    2012-01-01

    Density functional theory (DFT) is used to investigate properties of TiO 2 (110) surface with defects and metal-doped TiO 2 . The results of our calculations of structure of TiO 2 surface have been shown in good agreement with those of experiments and other ab-initio calculations. The differences of band structure between TiO 2 (110) and TiO 2 surface defected show that visible light can excite surface with defects easily. We also investigate density of states (DOS) of metal-doped surface (Li, Ca, Sc, V, Mo, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) and find that the Mo-doped surface has very small band gap (∼ 0 eV). This surface may have higher photo-chemical activity in visible light. (author)

  15. Growth of Araucaria angustifolia in the Embrapa/Epagri forest reserve, Caçador, SC, Brazil Crescimento de Araucaria angustifolia na Reserva Florestal Embrapa/ Epagri, Caçador, SC

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patricia Póvoa de Mattos

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available Araucaria Forest is one of most threatened phyto-physiognomies in the Atlantic Forest domain,
    presenting great ecological-economical importance. Nevertheless, there are still lacks of knowledge concerning growth and dynamic of important species, as Araucaria angustifolia. The objective of this work was to recover  the past growth of Araucaria angustifolia, native from Caçador, SC, Brazil, by measuring growth rings and to estimate the average periodic diametric increment. The growth rings were counted and measured, using a stereoscope microscope, in increment cores of 0.5 cm collected from 32 adult trees. The measurements were done with LINTAB measuring table, with 0.01 mm of precision. The samples sizes were irregular, varying from 4.2 to 20.2 cm long. The trees presented average diameter breast height (DBH of 76.3 cm, varying from 10.7 to 141.3 cm. The periodic diameter increment from the last 10 years was 0.4 cm, varying from 0.11 to 1.15 cm. It was observed differences among trees, but there was a tendency of reduction of growth rhythm in larger trees, being more
    evident in trees with more than 110 cm of DBH.A Floresta Ombrófila Mista (FOM é uma das fitofisionomias mais ameaçadas da área de domínio da
    Mata Atlântica, apresentando grande importância ecológico-econômica. Apesar disso, ainda existem lacunas de conhecimento sobre a produtividade primária, o crescimento e a dinâmica de espécies importantes, como a Araucaria angustifolia. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo estudar o crescimento anual de Araucaria angustifolia, nativa do Município de Caçador, SC, pela medição dos anéis de crescimento. A contagem e medição dos anéis de crescimento foram feitas com o auxílio de um microscópio estereoscópico, em baguetas de 0,5 cm de diâmetro, coletadas de 32 árvores adultas. As medições foram feitas com o medidor de anéis de crescimento LINTAB, com precisão de 0,01 mm. O comprimento das amostras

  16. Measurement of Gamow-Teller and spin dipole strength in the 45Sc(n,p)45Ca reaction at 198 MeV

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Alford, W.P.; Celler, A.; Brown, B.A.; Long, S.; Raywood, K.

    1990-11-01

    The reaction 45 Sc(n,p) 45 Ca has been studied at an energy of 198 MeV with energy resolution of about 1 MeV. Measurements were carried out at nominal angles 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 degrees and spectra obtained up to ∼40 MeV excitation energy in 45 Ca. Significant Gamow-Teller strength is observed at an excitation energy of about 7 MeV, somewhat higher than predicted by shell model calculations. The strength observed is in agreement with calculations using g A /g V ≅ 1. The spin dipole giant resonance is seen with centroid at about 15 MeV excitation and total cross section of 25 mb/sr at an angle of 6 degrees. (Author) (22 refs., 9 figs.)

  17. Magnetic dipole moment of the doubly closed-shell plus one proton nucleus $^{49}$Sc

    CERN Multimedia

    Gaulard, C V; Walters, W; Nishimura, K; Muto, S; Bingham, C R

    It is proposed to measure the magnetic moment of $^{49}$Sc by the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance on Oriented Nuclei (NMR-ON) method using the NICOLE on-line nuclear orientation facility. $^{49}$Sc is the neutron rich, doubly closed-shell, nucleus $^{48}$Ca plus one proton. Results will be used to deduce the effective g-factors in the $^{48}$Ca region with reference to nuclear structure and meson exchange current effects.

  18. Development of bonding techniques for cryogenic components (2). HIP bonding between Cu Alloys and Ti, cryogenic stainless steels

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Saito, Shigeru; Ouchi, Nobuo [Japan Atomic Energy Research Inst., Tokai, Ibaraki (Japan). Tokai Research Establishment; Fukaya, Kiyoshi [Nihon Advanced Technology Ltd., Tokai, Ibaraki (Japan); Ishiyama, Shintaro [Japan Atomic Energy Research Inst., Oarai, Ibaraki (Japan). Oarai Research Establishment; Tsuchiya, Yoshinori; Nakajima, Hideo [Japan Atomic Energy Research Inst., Naka, Ibaraki (Japan). Naka Fusion Research Establishment

    2003-03-01

    Several joints between dissimilar materials are required in the superconducting (SC) magnet system of SC linear accelerator or fusion reactor, Pure titanium (Ti) is one of candidate materials for a jacket of SC coil of fusion reactor because Ti is non-magnetic material and has a feature that its thermal expansion is similar to SC material in addition to good corrosion resistance and workability. Also, Ti does not require strict control of environment during reaction heat treatment of SC material. Copper (Cu) or Cu-alloy is used in electrical joints and cryogenic stainless steel (SS) is used in cryogenic pipes. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new bonding techniques for joints between Ti, Cu, and SS because jacket, electrical joint and cryogenic pipe have to be bonded each other to cool SC coils. Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI) has started to develop dissimilar material joints bonded by hot isostatic pressing (HIP), which can bring a high strength joint with good tolerance and can applied to a large or complex geometry device. HIP conditions for Cu-Ti, Cu alloy-Ti, Cu alloy-SS were investigated in this study and most stable HIP condition were evaluated by microscopic observation, tensile and bending tests at room temperature. (author)

  19. Tunable magnetocaloric effect in Sr{sub 1-x}Ca{sub x}Mn{sub 0.5}Ti{sub 0.5}O{sub 3} perovskites

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Shanmugapriya, K.; Palanivel, Balan [Pondicherry Engineering College, Department of Physics, Puducherry (India); Radheep, D.M.; Murugan, Ramaswamy [Pondicherry University, Department of Physics, Puducherry (India)

    2017-07-15

    Sr{sub 1-x}Ca{sub x}Mn{sub 0.5}Ti{sub 0.5}O{sub 3} (x = 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75) polycrystalline samples were synthesized by conventional solid-state reaction. Magnetic characterizations of Sr{sub 1-x}Ca{sub x}Mn{sub 0.5}Ti{sub 0.5}O{sub 3} revealed signature of antiferromagnetic ordering at temperatures (T{sub N}) ∝ 19, 25 and 29.5 K for x = 0.25, x = 0.5 and for x = 0.75, respectively. Sr{sub 1-x}Ca{sub x}Mn{sub 0.5}Ti{sub 0.5}O{sub 3} (x = 0.75) exhibits field-induced antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic transition at ∝ 30 K with applied magnetic field of 4 and 5 T. Magnetocaloric change (ΔS{sub M}) increases from 3.5 to 19 J/kg K by increasing calcium concentration in the A-site. Those ΔS{sub M} values are relatively very high in these classes of antiferromagnetic perovskite systems and equal to the magnetisation values of the ferromagnetic perovskite manganites. This is the first report for the Sr{sub 1-x}Ca{sub x}Mn{sub 0.5}Ti{sub 0.5}O{sub 3} (x = 0.75) having large magnetic entropy changes induced by the low magnetic field. (orig.)

  20. Fabrication and Film Qualification of Sr Modified Pb(Ca) TiO3 Thin Films

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Naw Hla Myat San; Khin Aye Thwe; Than Than Win; Yin Maung Maung; Ko Ko Kyaw Soe

    2011-12-01

    Strontium and calcium - modified lead titanate (Pb0.7 Ca0.15 Sr0.15 ) TiO3 (PCST)thin films were prepared by using spin coating technique. Phase transition of PCST was interpreted by means of Er-T characteristics. Process temperature dependence on micro-structure of PCST film was studied. Charge conduction mechanism of PCST thin film was also investigated for film qualification.

  1. PENGUKURAN NILAI DIELEKTRIK MATERIAL CALCIUM COPPER TITANAT ( CaCu3Ti4O12 MENGGUNAKAN SPEKTROSKOPI IMPEDANSI TERKOMPUTERISASI

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Widodo Budi Kurniawan

    2017-05-01

    ABSTRACT   The measurement of the complex dielectric constant and the magnitude of the capacitor impedances of the ceramic materials Calcium Copper Titanate CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO with purity of 99% has been done by using the method of computerized impedance spectroscopy in the frequency range 5 kHz - 120 kHz. The highest dielectric constant of the material was found to be 745 at 5 kHz in the sample sintered 7000C and the highest impedance of capacitor occured in CCTO sample non sintered that is 150434Ω. The results showed that complex dielectric constant and impedance of the capacitor of the material under study was frequency dependent.   Keywords : impedance spectroscopy, CaCu3Ti4O12,complex dielectric constant and impedance of capacitor

  2. Crystallization and sintering characteristics of CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 glasses in the presence of TiO2, CaF2 and ZrO2

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Banijamali, S.; Eftekhari Yekta, B.; Rezaie, H.R.; Marghussian, V.K.

    2009-01-01

    In this study, the effects of different amounts of TiO 2 , ZrO 2 and CaF 2 nucleating agents on sinterability, crystallization, mechanical properties and chemical resistance of glass-ceramics belonging to the CaO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 system were investigated, using differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical and chemical resistance measurements. It was found that in CaF 2 containing samples, the sinterability, crystallization and mechanical properties were improved by increasing of CaF 2 amount. However, addition of ZrO 2 and TiO 2 increases the firing temperature required for complete densification of specimens. Our experiments showed that fluctuations of chemical composition of the residual glass phases during sintering were responsible for these dissimilar trends and greatly influenced mechanical and chemical properties. According to the obtained results, appropriate sinterability, acceptable mechanical and chemical properties, as well as desirable whiteness of the most promising specimens make them suitable choices for floor tile applications. The main crystallization phases in all fully sintered glass-ceramics were wollastonite, anorthite and calcium aluminum silicate.

  3. Construction of monoenergetic neutron calibration fields using 45Sc(p, n)45Ti reaction at JAEA.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tanimura, Y; Saegusa, J; Shikaze, Y; Tsutsumi, M; Shimizu, S; Yoshizawa, M

    2007-01-01

    The 8 and 27 keV monoenergetic neutron calibration fields have been developed by using (45)Sc(p, n)(45)Ti reaction. Protons from a 4-MV Pelletron accelerator are used to bombard a thin scandium target evaporated onto a platinum disc. The proton energies are finely adjusted to the resonance to generate the 8 and 27 keV neutrons by applying a high voltage to the target assemblies. The neutron energies were measured using the time-of-flight method with a lithium glass scintillation detector. The neutron fluences at a calibration point located at 50 cm from the target were evaluated using Bonner spheres. A long counter was placed at 2.2 m from the target and at 60 degrees to the direction of the proton beam in order to monitor the fluence at the calibration point. Fluence and dose equivalent rates at the calibration point are sufficient to calibrate many types of the neutron survey metres.

  4. Production of a {sup 44} Ti target and its cross section of thermal neutron capture; Producao de um alvo de {sup 44} Ti e sua secao de choque para captura de neutrons termicos

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ejnisman, R

    1994-12-31

    A study of the production of a {sup 44} Ti target was carried out aiming the determination of its thermal neutron capture cross-section. With this purpose, the cross-section of the reaction {sup 45} Sc(p,2 n) {sup 44} Ti was determined in the energies 16-, 18-, 20-22- and 45 MeV. The cross-section of the reactions (p,n) {sup 45} Ti, (p,pn) {sup 44m} Sc, (p,pn) {sup 44g} Sc and (p,p2n){sup 43} Sc were also measured. The results in the low energy region are in good agreement with a previous work by McGee et al. On the other hand, the cross-section at 45 MeV is different from McGee`s result and indicates the existence of an abnormal behavior of the excitation function at higher energies. Furthermore, a radiochemical separation method was developed in order to eliminate Sc from the {sup 44} Ti target which was irradiated with neutrons. It was possible to determine an upper limit for the cross-section of the reaction {sup 44} Ti (n, {gamma}) of 4 x 10{sup 3} b. At last, it is presented a discussion of the results obtained and their possible astrophysical implications. (author) 94 refs.

  5. Electrolytic Production of Ti5Si3/TiC Composites by Solid Oxide Membrane Technology

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zheng, Kai; Zou, Xingli; Xie, Xueliang; Lu, Changyuan; Chen, Chaoyi; Xu, Qian; Lu, Xionggang

    2018-02-01

    This paper investigated the electrolytic production of Ti5Si3/TiC composites from TiO2/SiO2/C in molten CaCl2. The solid-oxide oxygen-ion-conducting membrane tube filled with carbon-saturated liquid tin was served as the anode, and the pressed spherical TiO2/SiO2/C pellet was used as the cathode. The electrochemical reduction process was carried out at 1273 K and 3.8 V. The characteristics of the obtained cathode products and the reaction mechanism of the electroreduction process were studied by a series of time-dependent electroreduction experiments. It was found that the electroreduction process generally proceeds through the following steps: TiO2/SiO2/C → Ti2O3, CaTiO3, Ca2SiO4, SiC → Ti5Si3, TiC. The morphology observation and the elemental distribution analysis indicate that the reaction routes for Ti5Si3 and TiC products are independent during the electroreduction process.

  6. Lifetime and g-factor measurements in 44Sc

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chevallier, A.; Chavallier, J.; Gross, J.L.; Haas, B.; Schulz, N.; Styczen, J.; Toulemonde, M.

    1975-01-01

    The lifetimes of the 235 keV, 2 - state and 350 keV, 4 + state in 44 Sc have been measured via the 44 Ca(p, n) 44 Sc reaction with a pulsed proton beam. The time integral perturbed angular distribution technique with an external field was used to measure the precession angles of the 2 - and 4 + states populated by the 30 Si( 16 O, pnγ) 44 Sc reaction. The following values for the mean-lives and g-factors were obtained: π(2 - ) = 8.83(33) ns, g(2 - ) = 0.30(13) and π(4 + ) = 4.52(27)ns, g(4 + ) = 0.90(12). The results for the 2 - state support a rotational description of the negative parity states in 44 Sc. The magnetic moment of the 4 + state is compared to shell model predictions. (orig.) [de

  7. Structural studies of five layer Aurivillius oxides: A2Bi4Ti5O18 (A=Ca, Sr, Ba and Pb)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ismunandar; Kamiyama, T.; Hoshikawa, A.; Zhou, Q.; Kennedy, B.J.; Kubota, Y.; Kato, K.

    2004-01-01

    The room temperature structures of the five layer Aurivillius phases A 2 Bi 4 Ti 5 O 18 , (A=Ca, Sr, Ba and Pb) have been refined from powder neutron diffraction data using the Rietveld method. The structures consist of [Bi 2 O 2 ] 2+ layers interleaved with perovskite-like [A 2 Bi 2 Ti 5 O 16 ] 2- blocks. The structures were refined in the orthorhombic space group B2eb (SG. No. 41), Z=4, and the unit cell parameters of the oxides are a=5.4251(2), b=5.4034(1), c=48.486(1); a=5.4650(2), b=5.4625(3), c=48.852(1); a=5.4988(3), b=5.4980(4), c=50.352(1); a=5.4701(2), b=5.4577(2), c=49.643(1) for A=Ca, Sr, Ba and Pb, respectively. The structural features of the compounds were found similar to n=2-4 layers bismuth oxides. The strain caused by mismatch of cell parameter requirements for the [Bi 2 O 2 ] 2+ layers and perovskite-like [A 2 Bi 2 Ti 5 O 16 ] 2- blocks were relieved by tilting of the TiO 6 octahedra. Variable temperature synchrotron X-ray studies for Ca and Pb compounds showed that the orthorhombic structure persisted up to 675 and 475K, respectively. Raman spectra of the compounds are also presented

  8. Study on the isospin equilibration phenomenon in nuclear reactions 40Ca + 40Ca , 40Ca + 46Ti , 40Ca + 48Ca , 48Ca + 48Ca at 25 MeV/nucleon by using the CHIMERA multidetector

    Science.gov (United States)

    Martorana, N. S.; Auditore, L.; Berceanu, I.; Cardella, G.; Chatterjee, M. B.; De Luca, S.; De Filippo, E.; Dell'Aquila, D.; Gnoffo, B.; Lanzalone, G.; Lombardo, I.; Maiolino, C.; Norella, S.; Pagano, A.; Pagano, E. V.; Papa, M.; Pirrone, S.; Politi, G.; Porto, F.; Quattrocchi, L.; Rizzo, F.; Russotto, P.; Trifirò, A.; Trimarchi, M.; Verde, G.; Vigilante, M.

    2017-11-01

    We report on the results obtained by studying nuclear reactions between isotopes of Ca and Ti at 25 MeV/nucleon. We used the multidetector CHIMERA to detect charged reaction products. In particular, we studied two main effects: the isospin diffusion and the isospin drift. In order to study these processes we performed a moving-source analysis on kinetic energy spectra of the isobar nuclei ^{3H} and ^{3He} . This method allows to isolate the emission from the typical sources produced in reactions at Fermi energy: projectile like fragment (PLF), target like fragment (TLF), and mid-velocity (MV) emission. The obtained results are compared to previous experimental investigations and to simulations obtained with CoMD-II model.

  9. Sorption properties and reversibility of Ti(IV) and Nb(V)-fluoride doped-Ca(BH4)2-MgH2 system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bonatto Minella, Christian; Garroni, Sebastiano; Pistidda, Claudio; Baró, Maria Dolors; Gutfleisch, Oliver; Klassen, Thomas; Dornheim, Martin

    2015-01-01

    Highlights: • Faster desorption reaction for doped materials vs. the pure composite system. • Kinetic improvement concerning re-hydrogenation reaction showed by the addition of NbF 5 . • Full characterization of the de-hydrogenation reaction pathway by means of both SR-PXD and 11 B{ 1 H} MAS-NMR. • Study of the evolution of the chemical state of the additives upon both milling and sorption reactions. - Abstract: In the last decade, alkaline and alkaline earth metal tetrahydroborates have been the focuses of the research due to their high gravimetric and volumetric hydrogen densities. Among them, Ca(BH 4 ) 2 and the Ca(BH 4 ) 2 + MgH 2 reactive hydride composites (RHC), were calculated to have the ideal thermodynamic properties which fall within the optimal range for mobile applications. In this study, the addition of NbF 5 or TiF 4 to the Ca(BH 4 ) 2 + MgH 2 reactive hydride composite system was attempted aiming to obtain a full reversible system with the simultaneous suppression of CaB 12 H 12 . Structural characterization of the specimens was performed by means of in-situ Synchrotron Radiation Powder X-ray diffraction (SR-PXD) and 11 B{ 1 H} Solid State Magic Angle Spinning-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (MAS-NMR). The evolution of the chemical state of the Nb- and Ti-based additives was monitored by X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES). The addition of NbF 5 or TiF 4 to the Ca(BH 4 ) 2 + MgH 2 system have not suppressed completely the formation of CaB 12 H 12 and only a slight improvement concerning the reversible reaction was displayed just in the case of Nb-doped composite material

  10. Correlative characterization of primary Al{sub 3}(Sc,Zr) phase in an Al–Zn–Mg based alloy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Li, J.H., E-mail: jie-hua.li@hotmail.com [Institute of Casting Research, Montanuniversität Leoben, A-8700 Leoben (Austria); Wiessner, M. [Materials Center Leoben Forschung GmbH, A-8700 Leoben (Austria); Albu, M. [Institute for Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis, Graz University of Technology, Center for Electron Microscopy (Austria); Wurster, S. [Department of Materials Physics, Montanuniversität Leoben, Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-8700 Leoben (Austria); Sartory, B. [Materials Center Leoben Forschung GmbH, A-8700 Leoben (Austria); Hofer, F. [Institute for Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis, Graz University of Technology, Center for Electron Microscopy (Austria); Schumacher, P. [Institute of Casting Research, Montanuniversität Leoben, A-8700 Leoben (Austria); Austrian Foundry Research Institute, A-8700 Leoben (Austria)

    2015-04-15

    Three-dimensional electron backscatter diffraction, focused ion beam, transmission electron microscopy and energy filtered transmission electron microscopy were employed to investigate the structural information of primary Al{sub 3}(Sc,Zr) phase, i.e. size, shape, element distribution and orientation relationship with the α-Al matrix. It was found that (i) most primary Al{sub 3}(Sc,Zr) phases have a cubic three-dimensional morphology, with a size of about 6–10 μm, (ii) most primary Al{sub 3}(Sc,Zr) phases are located within the α-Al matrix, and exhibit a cube to cube orientation relationship with the α-Al matrix, and (iii) a layer by layer growth was observed within primary Al{sub 3}(Sc,Zr) phases. Al, Cu, Si and Fe are enriched in the α-Al matrix between the layers of cellular eutectic Al{sub 3}(Sc,Zr) phase, while Sc, Ti and Zr are enriched in small Al{sub 3}(Sc,Zr) phases. A peritectic reaction and subsequent eutectic reaction between Al{sub 3}Sc and Al was proposed to interpret the observed layer by layer growth. This paper demonstrates that the presence of impurities (Fe, Si, Cu, Ti) in the diffusion field surrounding the growing Al{sub 3}(Sc,Zr) particle enhances the heterogeneous nucleation of Al{sub 3}(Sc,Zr) phases. - Highlights: • Most fine cubic primary Al{sub 3}(Sc,Zr) phases were observed within the α-Al matrix. • A layer by layer growth within primary Al{sub 3}(Sc,Zr) phase was observed. • A peritectic and subsequent eutectic reaction between Al{sub 3}Sc and Al was proposed. • Impurities in diffusion fields enhance heterogeneous nucleation of Al{sub 3}(Sc,Zr)

  11. Dielectric properties of Zr doped CaCu{sub 3}Ti{sub 4}O{sub 12} synthesized by sol-gel route

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Jesurani, S. [Department of Physics, Jeyaraj Annapackium College for Women, Periyakulam 625 601, Tamil Nadu (India); Center for Material Science and Nano Devices, Department of Physics, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu (India); Kanagesan, S., E-mail: kanagu1980@gmail.com [Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory (MSCL), Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor (Malaysia); Hashim, M. [Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory (MSCL), Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor (Malaysia); Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor (Malaysia); Ismail, I. [Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory (MSCL), Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor (Malaysia)

    2013-02-25

    Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Zr doped CaCu{sub 3}Ti{sub 4}O{sub 12} samples have been synthesized using sol-gel process. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The particle size of the powder ranges from 47 to 85 nm. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Less sintering at 1040 Degree-Sign C results in high density and high dielectric constant. - Abstract: Zr substituted CaCu{sub 3}Ti{sub 4-x}Zr{sub x}O{sub 12} (CCTZO) with x = 0.00, 0.02, 0.10, 0.20 and 0.50 mol% were prepared by sol-gel route from the metal nitrate solutions, Titanium isoproxide, and zirconium oxy chloride. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of a single phase material in the samples calcinated at 800 Degree-Sign C for 3 h. The crystal structure did not change on doping with zirconium and it remained cubic in all the four studied compositions. The permittivity and dielectric loss of 0.1 mol% Zr doped CaCu{sub 3}Ti{sub 4}O{sub 12} were improved for K Almost-Equal-To 6020 and tan {delta} Almost-Equal-To 0.52 at 1 kHz after the sample had been sintered at 1040 Degree-Sign C for 4 h. AFM studies showed that the particle size of the CCTZO powder ranged from 47 to 85 nm. FE-SEM micrographs of the CaCu{sub 3}Ti{sub 4-x}Zr{sub x}O{sub 12} samples showed that the grain size was in the range of 250 nm to 5 {mu}m for these samples. EDX studies showed the presence of calcium, copper, titanium, oxygen and zirconium. Remarkably, the dielectric constant increased and dielectric loss had lower values compared to the undoped CCTO.

  12. Transforming n=1 members of the Ruddlesden-Popper phases to a n=3 member through metathesis: synthesis of a new layered perovskite, Ca2La2CuTi2O10

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sivakumar, T.; Lofland, S.E.; Ramanujachary, K.V.; Ramesha, K.; Subbanna, G.N.; Gopalakrishnan, J.

    2004-01-01

    We report the formation of a new n=3 Ruddlesden-Popper (R-P) layered perovskite oxide, Ca 2 La 2 CuTi 2 O 10 (I), in the metathesis reaction between NaLaTiO 4 and Ca 2 CuO 2 Cl 2 (n=1 R-P phases) at 700 deg. C in air. Rietveld refinement of powder XRD data shows that I is isostructural with Sr 4 Ti 3 O 10 (space group I4/mmm; a=3.8837(5), c=27.727(6) A), consisting of triple perovskite CuTi 2 O 10 sheets wherein Cu and Ti are ordered at the central and terminal octahedral sites, respectively. Magnetization data provide support for the presence of strong antiferromagnetically coupled CuO 2 sheets in the structure. I is metastable decomposing at higher temperatures (∼950 deg. C) to a mixture of perovskite-like CaLa 2 CuTi 2 O 9 and CaO. Interestingly, the reaction between NaLaTiO 4 and Sr 2 CuO 2 Cl 2 follows a different metathesis route, 2NaLaTiO 4 +Sr 2 CuO 2 Cl 2 →La 2 CuO 4 +2SrTiO 3 +2NaCl, revealing multiplicity of reaction pathways for solid-state metathesis reactions

  13. Enhanced luminescence in Mg{sup 2+} codoped CaTiO{sub 3}:Eu{sup 3+} phosphor prepared by solid state reaction

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Vandana, C. Sai; Rudramadevi, B. Hemalatha [Department of Physics, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati-517 502 (India)

    2016-05-23

    CaTiO{sub 3} phosphors doped with Eu{sup 3+} and codoped with Mg{sup 2+} were prepared by Solid State Reaction method. The powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction, SEM with EDS, Raman scattering, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The Crystalline phase and vibrational modes of the phosphors were studied using XRD pattern and Raman Spectrum respectively. The morphological studies of the phosphor samples were carried out using SEM analysis. From PL spectra we have observed two prominent red emission peaks around at 595 nm ({sup 5}D{sub 0}→{sup 7}F{sub 1}), 619 nm ({sup 5}D{sub 0}→{sup 7}F{sub 2}) with the excitation of 399 nm for Eu{sup 3+} doped CaTiO{sub 3} powders. The PL intensity of CaTiO{sub 3}:Eu{sup 3+} phosphor is enhanced significantly on codoping with Mg{sup 2+}. The observed enhanced emissions are due to energy transfer from Mg{sup 2+} to Eu{sup 3+}, which is due to radiative recombination. Eu{sup 3+} doped phosphors are well known to be promising materials for electroluminescent devices, optical amplifiers, and lasers.

  14. Luminescent properties of CaTiO3:Pr thin-film phosphor deposited on ZnO/ITO/glass substrate

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chung, Sung Mook; Han, Sang Hyuk; Song, Kuk Hyun; Kim, Eung Soo; Kim, Young Jin

    2005-01-01

    Red-emitting CaTiO 3 :Pr phosphor thin films were deposited on glass, ZnO/ITO/glass, and ITO/glass substrates by RF magnetron sputtering. The effects of various substrates and heat treatment on the structural and luminous properties were investigated. The films deposited on ZnO/ITO/glass exhibited superior crystallinity and more enhanced PL and CL properties compared with those on ITO/glass. The intermediate ZnO layer between phosphor film and ITO contributed to the growing behaviors and the roughening of CaTiO 3 :Pr phosphor thin films, and consequently, to the excellent luminescence. The luminescent properties of the films were improved by following heat-treatment due to a combination of factors, namely the transformation from amorphous to poly crystalline phases, the activation of the activators, and the elimination of microdefects

  15. Management of the pig iron Si and slag CaO/SiO2 technological indicators in order to produce pig iron with a titanium content below 0,02 %Ti

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    C. Kolmasiak

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available The article present the developed method for production of pig iron with a very low titanium content of Ti 2 basicity, to obtain pig iron with a [Ti] content below 0,02 %. Based on the data from the preliminary test, proper tests were carried out with a pig iron Si content in the range from 1,0 % to 1,6 % and a slag CaO/SiO2 basicity in the range from 0,96 to 1,10. Data obtained from those tests enabled a statistical model to be established in the form of regression planes of two independent variables, [Si] and (CaO/SiO2. The regression equation of the first degree, [Ti] = f[(Si, (CaO/SiO2], defined the plane that gave the process engineer the answer to the question of how to manage the [Si] and (CaO/SiO2 indicators so as to obtain pig iron with the desired [Ti] content below 0,02 %.

  16. Effect of defect on the nonlinear and dielectric property of Ca(1–x)SrxCu3Ti4O12 ceramics synthesized by sol–gel process

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Li, Tao; Liu, Dewei; Dai, Haiyang; Xiang, Huiwen; Chen, Zhenping; He, Huifang; Chen, Zhiquan

    2014-01-01

    Highlights: • Ca (1−x) Sr x Cu 3 Ti 4 O 12 ceramics are synthesized by sol–gel process. • Positron annihilation lifetime spectra is used to investigate the defects of samples. • Nonlinear and dielectric properties are controlled by density and defects of samples. - Abstract: Ca (1−x) Sr x Cu 3 Ti 4 O 12 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4) ceramics are synthesized by sol–gel process. The XRD patterns show that weak peaks of Sr 4 Ti 3 O 10 , TiO 2 and Ca 1.7 Sr 0.3 CuO 3 begin to appear at x ⩾ 0.2. Sr-doping is conductive to increase the density and reduce the defect concentration Ca (1−x) Sr x Cu 3 Ti 4 O 12 ceramics as x ⩽ 0.15. With increasing x (0.2 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.4), Sr-doping reduces the density and enhances the concentration of defects for the ceramics. The nonlinear coefficient value increases and reaches a maximum 13.5 at x = 0.15, and then decreases gradually with increasing x. The dielectric properties demonstrate that, as x ⩽ 0.15, Sr-doping not only increases the dielectric permittivity value and decreases the dielectric loss but also reduces the dependence on frequency at low frequencies. With increasing x (0.2 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.4), Sr-doping begins to lead to an inverse result in dielectric behaviors. The nonlinear and dielectric properties of Ca (1−x) Sr x Cu 3 Ti 4 O 12 ceramics are directly controlled by the density and defects

  17. Critical thickness of high structural quality SrTiO{sub 3} films grown on orthorhombic (101) DyScO{sub 3}.

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Biegalski, M. D.; Trolier-McKinstry, S.; Nelson, C. T.; Schlom, D. G.; Fong, D. D.; Eastman, J. A.; Fuoss, P. H.; Streiffer, S. K.; Heeg, T.; Schubert, J.; Tian, W.; Pan, X. Q.; Hawley, M. E.; Bernhagen, M.; Reiche, P.; Uecker, R.; Pennsylvania State Univ.; Forschungszentrum Julich; Univ. Michigan; LANL; Max-Born-Strabe

    2008-12-01

    Strained epitaxial SrTiO{sub 3} films were grown on orthorhombic (101) DyScO{sub 3} substrates by reactive molecular-beam epitaxy. The epitaxy of this substrate/film combination is cube on cube with a pseudocubic out-of-plane (001) orientation. The strain state and structural perfection of films with thicknesses ranging from 50 to 1000 {angstrom} were examined using x-ray scattering. The critical thickness at which misfit dislocations was introduced was between 350 and 500 {angstrom}. These films have the narrowest rocking curves (full width at half maximum) ever reported for any heteroepitaxial oxide film (0.0018{sup o}). Only a modest amount of relaxation is seen in films exceeding the critical thicknesses even after postdeposition annealing at 700 C in 1 atm of oxygen. The dependence of strain relaxation on crystallographic direction is attributed to the anisotropy of the substrate. These SrTiO{sub 3} films show structural quality more typical of semiconductors such as GaAs and silicon than perovskite materials; their structural relaxation behavior also shows similarity to that of compound semiconductor films.

  18. REACTION RATE SENSITIVITY OF 44Ti PRODUCTION IN MASSIVE STARS AND IMPLICATIONS OF A THICK TARGET YIELD MEASUREMENT OF 40Ca(α, γ)44Ti

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hoffman, R. D.; Sheets, S. A.; Burke, J. T.; Scielzo, N. D.; Norman, E. B.; Tumey, S.; Brown, T. A.; Grant, P. G.; Hurst, A. M.; Stoyer, M. A.; Wooddy, T.; Fisker, J. L.; Bleuel, D.; Rauscher, T.; Phair, L.

    2010-01-01

    We evaluate two dominant nuclear reaction rates and their uncertainties that affect 44 Ti production in explosive nucleosynthesis. Experimentally we develop thick target yields for the 40 Ca(α, γ) 44 Ti reaction at E α = 4.13, 4.54, and 5.36 MeV using γ-ray spectroscopy. At the highest beam energy, we also performed an activation measurement which agrees with the thick target result. From the measured yields a stellar reaction rate was developed that is smaller than current statistical-model calculations and recent experimental results, which would suggest lower 44 Ti production in scenarios for the α-rich freezeout. Special attention has been paid to assessing realistic uncertainties of stellar reaction rates produced from a combination of experimental and theoretical cross sections. With such methods, we also develop a re-evaluation of the 44 Ti(α, p) 47 V reaction rate. Using these two rates we carry out a sensitivity survey of 44 Ti synthesis in eight expansions representing peak temperature and density conditions drawn from a suite of recent supernova explosion models. Our results suggest that the current uncertainty in these two reaction rates could lead to as large an uncertainty in 44 Ti synthesis as that produced by different treatments of stellar physics.

  19. Reaction of silanes in supercritical CO2 with TiO2 and Al2O3.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gu, Wei; Tripp, Carl P

    2006-06-20

    Infrared spectroscopy was used to investigate the reaction of silanes with TiO2 and Al2O3 using supercritical CO2 (Sc-CO2) as a solvent. It was found that contact of Sc-CO2 with TiO2 leads to partial removal of the water layer and to the formation of carbonate, bicarbonate, and carboxylate species on the surface. Although these carbonate species are weakly bound to the TiO2 surface and can be removed by a N2 purge, they poison the surface, resulting in a lower level of reaction of silanes with TiO2. Specifically, the amount of hexamethyldisilazane adsorbed on TiO2 is about 10% of the value obtained when the reaction is performed from the gas phase. This is not unique to TiO2, as the formation of carbonate species also occurs upon contact of Al2O3 with Sc-CO2 and this leads to a lower level of reaction with hexamethyldisilazane. This is in contrast to reactions of silanes on SiO2 where Sc-CO2 has several advantages over conventional gaseous or nonaqueous methods. As a result, caution needs to be applied when using Sc-CO2 as a solvent for silanization reactions on oxides other than SiO2.

  20. On the possibility to measure 0νββ-decay nuclear matrix element for 48Ca

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rodin, Vadim

    2011-01-01

    As shown in Ref. [2], the Fermi part M F 0ν of the total 0νββ-decay nuclear matrix element M 0ν can be related to the single Fermi transition matrix element between the isobaric analog state (IAS) of the ground state of the initial nucleus and the ground state of the final nucleus. The latter matrix element could be measured in charge-exchange reactions. Here we discuss a possibility of such a measurement for 48 Ca and estimate the cross-section of the reaction 48 Ti(n,p) 48 Sc(IAS).

  1. 45Ti extraction using hydroxamate resin

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Gagnon, K.; Severin, Gregory; Barnhart, T. E.

    2012-01-01

    As an attractive radionuclide for positron emission tomography, this study explores the extraction and reactivity of 45Ti produced via the 45Sc(p,n)45Ti reaction on a GE PETtrace. Using a small hydroxamate column, we have demonstrated an overall recovery of >50% of 45Ti in ~1 mL of 1M oxalic acid...

  2. Thermoplastic starch composites with TiO2 particles: Preparation, morphology, rheology and mechanical properties.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ostafińska, A; Mikešová, J; Krejčíková, S; Nevoralová, M; Šturcová, A; Zhigunov, A; Michálková, D; Šlouf, M

    2017-08-01

    Composites of thermoplastic starch (TPS) with titanium dioxide particles (mTiO 2 ; average size 0.1μm) with very homogeneous matrix and well-dispersed filler were prepared by a two-step method, including solution casting (SC) followed by melt mixing (MM). Light and scanning electron microscopy confirmed that only the two-step procedure (SC+MM) resulted in ideally homogeneous TPS/mTiO 2 systems. The composites prepared by single-step MM contained non-plasticized starch granules and the composites prepared by single-step SC suffered from mTiO 2 agglomeration. Dynamic mechanical measurements showed an increase modulus with increasing filler concentration. In TPS containing 3wt.% of mTiO 2 the stiffness was enhanced by >40%. Further experiments revealed that the recommended addition of chitosan or the exchange of mTiO 2 for anisometric titanate nanotubes with high aspect ratio did not improve the properties of the composites. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  3. Temperature compensation effects of TiO2 on Ca[(Li1/3Nb2/3)0.8Sn0.2]O3-δ microwave dielectric ceramic

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hu, Mingzhe; Wei, Huanghe; Xiao, Lihua; Zhang, Kesheng; Hao, Yongde

    2017-10-01

    The crystal structure and dielectric properties of TiO2-modified Ca[(Li1/3Nb2/3)0.8Sn0.2]O3-δ microwave ceramics are investigated in the present paper. The crystal structure is probed by XRD patterns and their Rietveld refinement, results show that a single perovskite phase is formed in TiO2-modified Ca[(Li1/3Nb2/3)0.8Sn0.2]O3-δ ceramics with the crystal structure belonging to the orthorhombic Pbnm 62 space group. Raman spectra results indicate that the B-site order-disorder structure transition is a key point to the dielectric loss of TiO2-modified Ca[(Li1/3Nb2/3)0.8Sn0.2]O3-δ ceramics at microwave frequencies. After properly modified by TiO2, the large negative temperature coefficient of Ca[(Li1/3Nb2/3)0.8Sn0.2]O3-δ ceramic can be compensated and the optimal microwave dielectric properties can reach 𝜀r = 25.66, Qf = 18,894 GHz and TCF = -6.3 ppm/∘C when sintered at 1170∘C for 2.5 h, which manifests itself for potential use in microwave dielectric devices for modern wireless communication.

  4. Uniformly Porous Nanocrystalline CaMgFe1.33Ti3O12 Ceramic Derived Electro-Ceramic Nanocomposite for Impedance Type Humidity Sensor

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tripathy, Ashis; Pramanik, Sumit; Manna, Ayan; Shasmin, Hanie Nadia; Radzi, Zamri; Abu Osman, Noor Azuan

    2016-01-01

    Since humidity sensors have been widely used in many sectors, a suitable humidity sensing material with improved sensitivity, faster response and recovery times, better stability and low hysteresis is necessary to be developed. Here, we fabricate a uniformly porous humidity sensor using Ca, Ti substituted Mg ferrites with chemical formula of CaMgFe1.33Ti3O12 as humidity sensing materials by solid-sate step-sintering technique. This synthesis technique is useful to control the grain size with increased porosity to enhance the hydrophilic characteristics of the CaMgFe1.33Ti3O12 nanoceramic based sintered electro-ceramic nanocomposites. The highest porosity, lowest density and excellent surface-hydrophilicity properties were obtained at 1050 °C sintered ceramic. The performance of this impedance type humidity sensor was evaluated by electrical characterizations using alternating current (AC) in the 33%–95% relative humidity (RH) range at 25 °C. Compared with existing conventional resistive humidity sensors, the present sintered electro-ceramic nanocomposite based humidity sensor showed faster response time (20 s) and recovery time (40 s). This newly developed sensor showed extremely high sensitivity (%S) and small hysteresis of humidity sensors. PMID:27916913

  5. Comportamiento eléctrico del compuesto Bi5FeTi3O15 y de sus soluciones sólidas con CaBi4Ti4O15

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Durán, P.

    1999-12-01

    Full Text Available Bi5FeTi3O15 (BiFT compound has been prepared by solid state reaction between the corresponding oxides. Its crystalline structure has been established by X ray Diffraction, (XRD. Ceramic samples with apparent density > 95% Dth have been sintered. On these samples, electrical conductivity and Curie temperature have been measured. Solid solutions of Bi5FeTi3O15 (BiFT and CaBi4Ti4O15 (CBiT have been prepared. On poled samples of these solid solutions, piezoelectric parameters have been established. The BiFT compound shows electrical conductivity values very similar to those of the Bi4Ti3O12 (BiT compound. The electrical conductivity of solid solutions is a function of CBiT amount. A possible electrical conductivity mechanism which is different of that accepted for the BiT compound is discussed.Se ha preparado Bi5FeTi3O15 (BiFT por reacción en estado sólido de los óxidos correspondientes. Se ha determinado su estructura cristalina por Difracción de Rayos X (DRX. Se han preparado compactos sinterizados con densidades superiores al 95%. Se ha determinado su temperatura de Curie, y la conductividad eléctrica entre 150 y 850ºC. Se han preparado soluciones sólidas de Bi5FeTi3O15 con CaBi4Ti4O15, (CBiT y se han determinado los mismos parámetros de temperatura de Curie y de conductividad para ellas. En las soluciones sólidas se han determinado los parámetros Piezoeléctricos de muestras polarizadas Debe destacarse que el compuesto Bi5FeTi3O15 presenta unos valores de conducción eléctrica más próximos a los correspondientes al Bi4Ti3O12 (BiT que a los de los compuestos MeBi4Ti4O15. La conductividad eléctrica de las soluciones sólidas varía con el contenido de CBiT. Se discute la posible existencia de un modelo de conducción eléctrica que difiere del aceptado hasta el momento para el BiT, basado en los defectos localizados en las capas Bi2O2 2-.

  6. W-doped TiO2 photoanode for high performance perovskite solar cell

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Liu, Jinwang; Zhang, Jing; Yue, Guoqiang; Lu, Xingwei; Hu, Ziyang; Zhu, Yuejin

    2016-01-01

    Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) with dispersed W-doping shows its capability for efficient electron collection from perovskite to TiO 2 in perovskite solar cell. The conduction band (CB) of TiO 2 moves downward (positive shift) with increasing the tungsten (W) content, which enlarges the energy gap between the CB of TiO 2 and the perovskite. Thus, the efficiency of electron injection from perovskite to TiO 2 is increased. Due to the increased electron injection, W-doped TiO 2 (≤0.2% W content) enhances the short-circuit photocurrent (J sc ) of perovskite solar cell and improves the performance of perovskite solar cell. Perovskite solar cell with 0.1% W-doped photoanode obtains the highest power conversion efficiency (η = 10.6%), which shows enhancement by 13% in J sc and by 17% in η, as compared with the undoped TiO 2 perovskite solar cell.

  7. Electrolytes comprising metal amide and metal chlorides for multivalent battery

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liao, Chen; Zhang, Zhengcheng; Burrell, Anthony; Vaughey, John T.

    2017-03-21

    An electrolyte includes compounds of formula M.sup.1X.sub.n and M.sup.2Z.sub.m; and a solvent wherein M.sup.1 is Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sc, Ti, Al, or Zn; M.sup.2 is Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sc, Ti, Al, or Zn; X is a group forming a covalent bond with M.sup.1; Z is a halogen or pseudo-halogen; n is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; and m is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.

  8. Enhancing Properties and Performance of Cellulose Acetate/Polyethylene Glycol (CA/PEG Membrane with the addition of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2 by Using Surface Coating Method

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nurkhamidah Siti

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available In this study, cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol (CA/PEG membrane with composition 80/20 was prepared by phase inversion method. Titanium dioxide with different number has been added by using surface coating. Hydrophilicity, morphology, flux permeate and salt rejection of membranes has been studied. The hydrophilicity is determined by Fourier-Transformed Infra-Red (FTIR spectra and contact angle analysis. Surface and fractured morphology are identified by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM. The experiment results show that hydrophilicity of CA/PEG membrane increases with the addition and the increasing of TiO2 contents. However, with further increasing of TiO2, hydrophilicity of CPT membrane decreases. The optimum membrane is CA/PEG/TiO2 80/20/1,25 g/L solvent (CPT 3 with flux permeate of 111,82 L.m-2h-1 and salt rejection of 48,30%.

  9. Occurrence of low-Ca clinopyroxene and the role of deformation in the formation of pyroxene-Fe-Ti oxide symplectites

    Science.gov (United States)

    Barton, Michael; Sheets, Julia Meyer; Lee, William E.; van Gaans, Chris

    1991-07-01

    Pyroxene-Fe-Ti oxide symplectites in a norite from the leuconoritic phase of the Bjerkreim-Sokndal lopolith, SW Norway, have been studied using EMPA (electron microprobe analysis) and TEM (transmission electron microscopy) techniques. Textural and mineralchemical data indicate that the symplectites formed under subsolidus conditions at T=720 736°C and fo 2=10-17 bars. Solidus temperatures are estimated as 981 1060° C. Two models of formation are proposed: non-isochemical replacement of olivine, and growth at boundaries between exsolving grains of orthomagmatic high-Ca pyroxene and Fe-Ti oxide. TEM reveals the presence of low-Ca clinopyroxene and this formed in response to strain and/or shear stress. Comparison with published experimental data indicates that strain rates of up to 10-12 s-1 are necessary to explain the occurrence of low-Ca clinopyroxene. The transition from orthopyroxene to low-Ca clinopyroxene may be related to deformation which accompanied intrusion of the leuconoritic phase of the Bjerkreim-Sokndal lopolith or to local post-intrusive faulting and/or shearing. Selected-area diffraction shows that the Fe-Ti oxide lamellae are oriented with respect to the pyroxene such that (111)oxide/(100)pyroxene. the planes of closest oxygen packing in the constituent phases are thus adjacent to one another which leads to minimal misfit between the structures and to low interfacial strain energy. The same topotactic relationship exists in both lamellar and vermicular parts of symplectites (but is not continuous along the total length of the interface), indicating that the form of the intergrowths is a primary growth feature that to some extent can be explained in terms of growth models for duplex cells. Deformation during growth is probably necessary to account for the lattice distortion observed in the symplectites. Supercooling is necessary for nucleation and growth of the symplectites. A period of cooling under static, fluid-absent conditions allows

  10. Nano-rod Ca-decorated sludge derived carbon for removal of phosphorus.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kong, Lingjun; Han, Meina; Shih, Kaimin; Su, Minhua; Diao, Zenghui; Long, Jianyou; Chen, Diyun; Hou, Li'an; Peng, Yan

    2018-02-01

    Recovering phosphorus (P) from waste streams takes the unique advantage in simultaneously addressing the crisis of eutrophication and the shortage of P resource. A novel calcium decorated sludge carbon (Ca-SC) was developed from dyeing industry wastewater treatment sludge by decorating calcium (Ca) to effectively adsorb phosphorus from solution. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) techniques were used to characterize the Ca-SCs, followed by isotherm and kinetic sorption experiments. A preferred design with CaCO 3 to sludge mass ratio of 1:2 was found to have a sorption capacity of 116.82 mg/g for phosphorus. This work reveals the crucial role of well-dispersed nano-rod calcium on the Ca-SC surface for the sorption of phosphorus. Moreover, the decoration of nano-rod calcium was found to further promote the uptake of phosphorus through the formation of hydroxylapatite (Ca 5 (PO 4 ) 3 (OH)). Thus, the development of decorated Ca-SC for sorption of phosphorus is very important in solving the P pollution and resource loss. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  11. Effect of scandium on structure and hardening of Al–Ca eutectic alloys

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Belov, N.A., E-mail: nikolay-belov@yandex.ru [National Research and Technological University “MISIS”, 4, Leninsky pr., Moscow 119049 (Russian Federation); Naumova, E.A. [Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 5, 2 ul. Baumanskaya, Moscow, 105005 (Russian Federation); Alabin, A.N. [National Research and Technological University “MISIS”, 4, Leninsky pr., Moscow 119049 (Russian Federation); UC RUSAL, 13/1, Nikoloyamskaya st., Moscow, 109240 (Russian Federation); Matveeva, I.A. [UC RUSAL, 13/1, Nikoloyamskaya st., Moscow, 109240 (Russian Federation)

    2015-10-15

    The phase composition, structure and hardening of alloys in the aluminium corner of the Al–Ca–Sc system were studied in the range up to 10% Ca and up to 1% S≿. The experimental study (optical, scanning and transmission electron microscopy with electron-microprobe analysis, differential thermal analysis and hardness measurements) was combined with Thermo-Calc software simulation for the optimization of the alloy composition. It was shown that only phases of the binary systems (Al{sub 4}Ca and Al{sub 3}Sc) might be in equilibrium with the aluminium solid solution. It was shown that the (Al) + Al{sub 4}Ca eutectic had a much finer structure as compared with the Al–Si eutectic, which suggests a possibility of reaching higher mechanical properties as compared to commercial alloys of the A356 type. The influence of the annealing temperature within the range up to 600 °C on the structure and hardness of the Al–Ca–Sc experimental alloys was studied. It was determined that the maximum hardening corresponded to the annealing at 300 °C, which was due to the precipitation of Al{sub 3}Sc nanoparticles with their further coarsening. With an example of an Al-7.6% Ca-0.3% Sc model experimental alloy, a principal possibility of manufacturing aluminium casting alloys based on the (Al) + Al{sub 4}Ca eutectic was demonstrated. Unlike commercial alloys of the A356 type, the model alloy does not require quenching, as hardening particles are formed in the course of annealing of casting. - Highlights: • Al–Ca–Sc phase diagram in aluminum corner. • Formation of Al{sub 3}Sc nanoparticles in eutectic (Al) + Al{sub 4}Ca during heating at 300–450 °C. • Hardening and thermal stability of proposed (Al–Ca–Sc) and commercial (Al–Si–Mg, 356 type) eutectic alloys.

  12. fp shell spectroscopy: numerical calculations and theoretical aspects

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pasquini, E.A.

    1976-01-01

    The fp shell spectroscopy is reviewed and the fsup(n) model is introduced. It is shown that the two-body Hamiltonian monopolar terms play a very important part in the behavior of these spectra, and that realistic interactions do not reproduce them. The detailed study of the following nuclei was undertaken: 47 Ca, 48 Ca, 49 Ca, 56 Ni, 48 Sc, 50 Sc, 50 Ti, 46 Ti, 50 Cr, 47 V and 49 Cr. It is shown that very precise values of the few parameters defining the monopolar contributions could be extracted from the comparison between calculations and experimental data. The study of the binding energies of all the nuclei from 40 Ca to 56 Ni shows that it is necessary to introduce three-body forces. The results also reveal the effect of nondiagonal multipoles which are well reproduced by realistic interactions. A better understanding of the electromagnetic behavior of the fsup(n) nuclei of their conjugaison properties and of the relation between 42 Sc and 48 Sc was obtained. Several calculations of two-body transfer amplitudes were proposed [fr

  13. Martensitic Transformation in a β-Type Mg-Sc Alloy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ogawa, Yukiko; Ando, Daisuke; Sutou, Yuji; Somekawa, Hidetoshi; Koike, Junichi

    2018-03-01

    Recently, we found that a Mg-Sc alloy with a bcc (β) phase exhibits superelasticity and a shape memory effect at low temperature. In this work, we examined the stress-induced and thermally induced martensitic transformation of the β-type Mg-Sc alloy and investigated the crystal structure of the thermally induced martensite phase based on in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. The lattice constants of the martensite phase were calculated to be a = 0.3285 nm, b = 0.5544 nm, and c = 0.5223 nm when we assumed that the martensite phase has an orthorhombic structure (Cmcm). Based on the lattice correspondence between a bcc and an orthorhombic structures such as that in the case of β-Ti shape memory alloys, we estimated the transformation strain of the β Mg-Sc alloy. As a result, the transformation strains along the 001, 011, and 111 directions in the β phase were calculated to be + 5.7, + 8.8, and + 3.3%, respectively.

  14. Martensitic Transformation in a β-Type Mg-Sc Alloy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ogawa, Yukiko; Ando, Daisuke; Sutou, Yuji; Somekawa, Hidetoshi; Koike, Junichi

    2017-12-01

    Recently, we found that a Mg-Sc alloy with a bcc (β) phase exhibits superelasticity and a shape memory effect at low temperature. In this work, we examined the stress-induced and thermally induced martensitic transformation of the β-type Mg-Sc alloy and investigated the crystal structure of the thermally induced martensite phase based on in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. The lattice constants of the martensite phase were calculated to be a = 0.3285 nm, b = 0.5544 nm, and c = 0.5223 nm when we assumed that the martensite phase has an orthorhombic structure (Cmcm). Based on the lattice correspondence between a bcc and an orthorhombic structures such as that in the case of β-Ti shape memory alloys, we estimated the transformation strain of the β Mg-Sc alloy. As a result, the transformation strains along the 001, 011, and 111 directions in the β phase were calculated to be + 5.7, + 8.8, and + 3.3%, respectively.

  15. Raman scattering, microstructural and dielectric studies on Ba{sub 1-x}Ca{sub x}Bi{sub 4}Ti{sub 4}O{sub 15} ceramics

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kumar, Sunil; Kundu, Swarup [Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012 (India); Ochoa, D.A.; Garcia, J.E. [Department of Applied Physics, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, 08034 Barcelona (Spain); Varma, K.B.R., E-mail: kbrvarma@mrc.iisc.ernet.in [Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012 (India)

    2012-10-15

    Polycrystalline powders of Ba{sub 1-x}Ca{sub x}Bi{sub 4}Ti{sub 4}O{sub 15} (where x = 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1) were prepared via the conventional solid-state reaction route. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman scattering techniques have been employed to probe into the structural changes on changing x. XRD analyses confirmed the formation of monophasic bismuth layered structure of all the above compositions with an increase in orthorhombic distortion with increase in x. Raman spectra revealed a redshift in A{sub 1g} peak and an increase in the B{sub 2g}/B{sub 3g} splitting with increasing Ca content. The average grain size was found to increase with increasing x. The temperature of the maximum dielectric constant (T{sub m}) increased linearly with increasing Ca-content whereas the diffuseness of the phase transition was found to decrease with the end member CaBi{sub 4}Ti{sub 4}O{sub 15} showing a frequency independent sharp phase transition around 1048 K. Ca doping resulted in a decrease in the remnant polarization and an increase in the coercive field. Ba{sub 0.75}Ca{sub 0.25}Bi{sub 4}Ti{sub 4}O{sub 15} ceramics showed an enhanced piezoelectric coefficient d{sub 33} of 15 pC N{sup -1} at room temperature. Low values of dielectric losses and tunability of temperature coefficient of dielectric constant ({tau}{sub {epsilon}}) in the present solid-solution suggest that these compounds can be of potential use in microwave dielectrics at high temperatures. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Ba{sub 1-x}Ca{sub x}Bi{sub 4}Ti{sub 4}O{sub 15} (0 {<=} x {<=} 1) ceramics with four-layer Aurivillius structure were fabricated. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering techniques have been employed to probe into the structural changes on changing x. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Curie temperature (T{sub C}) was found to increase with increase in Ca-doping whereas the diffuseness of phase transition decreased. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Temperature

  16. Radiochemical study of 45Sc(n,p)45Ca and 89Y(n,p)89Sr reactions in the neutron energy range of 13.9 to 14.7 MeV

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Molla, N.I.; Basunia, S.; Miah, M.R.; Hossain, S.M.; Rahman, M.M.; Spellerberg, S.; Qaim, S.M.

    1998-01-01

    Cross sections for 45 Sc(n,p) 45 Ca and 89 Y(n,p) 89 Sr reactions were measured using the activation technique. Monoenergetic neutrons in the energy range of 13.9 to 14.7 MeV were produced using a D-T neutron generator. The purely β - emitting products 45 Ca and 89 Sr were separated radiochemically; their radioactivity was assayed via low-level β - counting. The measured data complement the available published experimental information, and agree with the results of statistical model calculations. (orig.)

  17. The monoclinic superstructure of the M{sub 2}Pt{sub 6}Al{sub 15} series (M=Ca, Sc, Y, La, Lu)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Radzieowski, Mathis; Stegemann, Frank; Hoffmann, Rolf-Dieter [Muenster Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Janka, Oliver [Muenster Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Oldenburg Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Chemie

    2017-07-01

    The five ternary intermetallic compounds M{sub 2}Pt{sub 6}Al{sub 15} (M=Ca, Sc, Y, La, Lu) were prepared from the elements by arc-melting. The crystal structure was determined via single crystal X-ray diffraction. The title compounds crystallize in a superstructure of the RE{sub 0.67}Pt{sub 2}Al{sub 5} type structure (P6{sub 3}/mmc) in the monoclinic crystal system with space group P12{sub 1}/m1 (Sc{sub 2}Pt{sub 6}Al{sub 15}: a=734.19(2), b=1628.96(10), c=734.19(2) pm, β=119.999(3) ; wR=0.0356, 3034 F{sup 2} values, 68 variables). The superstructure can be derived by the superspace formalism using (3+2)D or (3+1)D interpretations of the diffraction data. The structural relation to the subcell structure is discussed on the basis of a group-subgroup scheme. In the crystal structure strongly bonded [Pt{sub 2}Al{sub 4}]{sup δ-} slabs are alternatingly stacked with ordered layers containing M atoms and Al{sub 3} triangles.

  18. Direct formation of new, phase-stable, and photoactive anatase-type Ti1-2XNbXScXO2 solid solution nanoparticles by hydrothermal method

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hirano, Masanori; Ito, Takaharu

    2008-01-01

    A new anatase phase of photoactive Ti 1-2X Nb X Sc X O 2 (X = 0-0.2) solid solutions was directly formed as nanoparticles from precursor solutions of TiOSO 4 , NbCl 5 , and Sc(NO 3 ) 3 under mild hydrothermal conditions at 180 deg. C for 5 h using the hydrolysis of urea. With the increase of the content of niobium and scandium from X = 0 to 0.2, the lattice parameters a 0 and c 0 , the crystallite size, and the optical band gap of anatase gradually increased. Their photocatalytic activity and adsorptivity were evaluated separately by the measurement of the concentration of methylene blue (MB) remained in the solution in the dark or under UV-light irradiation. The anatase-type Ti 1-2X Nb X Sc X O 2 (X = 0.05) showed approximately two times and three times as high photocatalytic activity as those of the hydrothermal anatase-type pure TiO 2 and commercially available reference pure TiO 2 (ST-01), respectively. The anatase phase of Ti 1-2X Nb X Sc X O 2 (X = 0-0.2) existed stably up to 900 deg. C during heat treatment in air. New rutile-type Ti 1-2X Nb X Sc X O 2 solid solutions are formed through the phase transformation. The starting temperature of anatase-to-rutile phase transformation for Ti 1-2X Nb X Sc X O 2 (X = 0-0.2) solid solutions was delayed but its completing temperature was accelerated

  19. Effects of Nb doping level on the electronic transport, photoelectric effect and magnetoresistance across La0.5Ca0.5MnO3/Nb:SrTiO3 junctions

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, J. F.; Jiang, Y. C.; Chen, M. G.; Gao, J.

    2013-12-01

    Heterojunctions composed of La0.5Ca0.5MnO3 and Nb doped SrTiO3 were fabricated, and the effects of the Nb doping level on their electronic transport, photoelectric effect, and magnetoresistance were investigated. A lower doping concentration of Nb led to better rectifying properties and higher open circuit voltages. The I-V curves for La0.5Ca0.5MnO3/0.7 wt. % Nb-SrTiO3 showed a negligible response to magnetic fields for all temperatures, whereas La0.5Ca0.5MnO3/0.05 wt. % Nb-SrTiO3 exhibited distinct magnetoresistance, which depended on both the bias voltage and temperature. These results are discussed with the assistance of conventional semiconductor theories.

  20. Sorption properties and reversibility of Ti(IV) and Nb(V)-fluoride doped-Ca(BH{sub 4}){sub 2}-MgH{sub 2} system

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bonatto Minella, Christian, E-mail: christian.minella@kit.edu [Institute for Metallic Materials, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 20, D-01069 Dresden (Germany); Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden (Germany); Garroni, Sebastiano [Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Universitá di Sassari and INSTM, Via Vienna 2, I-07100 Sassari (Italy); Pistidda, Claudio [Institute of Materials Research, Materials Technology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Zentrum für Material- und Küstenforschung GmbH, Max Planck Str. 1, D-21502 Geesthacht (Germany); Baró, Maria Dolors [Departament de Física, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra (Spain); Gutfleisch, Oliver [Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 16, 64287 Darmstadt (Germany); Klassen, Thomas; Dornheim, Martin [Institute of Materials Research, Materials Technology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Zentrum für Material- und Küstenforschung GmbH, Max Planck Str. 1, D-21502 Geesthacht (Germany)

    2015-02-15

    Highlights: • Faster desorption reaction for doped materials vs. the pure composite system. • Kinetic improvement concerning re-hydrogenation reaction showed by the addition of NbF{sub 5}. • Full characterization of the de-hydrogenation reaction pathway by means of both SR-PXD and {sup 11}B{"1H} MAS-NMR. • Study of the evolution of the chemical state of the additives upon both milling and sorption reactions. - Abstract: In the last decade, alkaline and alkaline earth metal tetrahydroborates have been the focuses of the research due to their high gravimetric and volumetric hydrogen densities. Among them, Ca(BH{sub 4}){sub 2} and the Ca(BH{sub 4}){sub 2} + MgH{sub 2} reactive hydride composites (RHC), were calculated to have the ideal thermodynamic properties which fall within the optimal range for mobile applications. In this study, the addition of NbF{sub 5} or TiF{sub 4} to the Ca(BH{sub 4}){sub 2} + MgH{sub 2} reactive hydride composite system was attempted aiming to obtain a full reversible system with the simultaneous suppression of CaB{sub 12}H{sub 12}. Structural characterization of the specimens was performed by means of in-situ Synchrotron Radiation Powder X-ray diffraction (SR-PXD) and {sup 11}B{"1H} Solid State Magic Angle Spinning-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (MAS-NMR). The evolution of the chemical state of the Nb- and Ti-based additives was monitored by X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES). The addition of NbF{sub 5} or TiF{sub 4} to the Ca(BH{sub 4}){sub 2} + MgH{sub 2} system have not suppressed completely the formation of CaB{sub 12}H{sub 12} and only a slight improvement concerning the reversible reaction was displayed just in the case of Nb-doped composite material.

  1. Thermal expansion analysis and structural characteristics of the (Pb, Ca)TiO{sub 3} solid solutions from 150 to 570 K; Analise da expansao termica volumetrica e das caracteristicas estruturais de solucoes solidas de (Pb, Ca)TiO{sub 3} entre 150 e 570 K

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Estrada, F.R.; Eiras, J.A.; Garcia, D., E-mail: frestrada@df.ufscar.br, E-mail: eiras@df.ufscar.br, E-mail: ducinei@df.ufscar.br [Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos (UFSCar), SP (Brazil). Departamento de Fisica. Grupo de Materiais Ferroicos

    2017-01-15

    Ceramic samples of lead modified calcium titanate (Pb{sub 1-x}Ca{sub x} TiO{sub 3}) with calcium concentration between 0.24≤x≤0.55 were prepared and analyzed in order to determine the structural origin of the negative thermal expansion observed in this ferroelectric system. The Rietveld structural refinement method was used to assess the thermal evolution of the structural parameters using powder X-ray diffraction data collected between 150 and 570 K. Since the Pb{sub 1-x}Ca{sub x} TiO{sub 3} phase diagram and space groups are still unknown for the temperature range investigated, the structural analyses were based on adjustments of the refinement protocol. The results revealed the existence of a correlation between symmetry transitions and anomalies in the thermal expansion of the unit cell, being such transitions not necessarily of the ferroelectric-paraelectric nature. (author)

  2. Fabrication of lead-free piezoelectric Li2CO3-added (Ba,Ca)(Ti,Sn)O3 ceramics under controlled low oxygen partial pressure and their properties

    Science.gov (United States)

    Noritake, Kouta; Sakamoto, Wataru; Yuitoo, Isamu; Takeuchi, Teruaki; Hayashi, Koichiro; Yogo, Toshinobu

    2018-02-01

    Reduction-resistant lead-free (Ba,Ca)(Ti,Sn)O3 piezoceramics with high piezoelectric constants were fabricated by optimizing the amount of Li2CO3 added. Oxygen partial pressure was controlled during the sintering of (Ba,Ca)(Ti,Sn)O3 ceramics in a reducing atmosphere using H2-CO2 gas. Enhanced grain growth and a high-polarization state after poling treatment were achieved by adding Li2CO3. Optimizing the amount of Li2CO3 added to (Ba0.95Ca0.05)(Ti0.95Sn0.05)O3 ceramics sintered under a low oxygen partial pressure resulted in improved piezoelectric properties while maintaining the high sintered density. The prepared Li2CO3-added ceramic samples had homogeneous microstructures with a uniform dispersion of each major constituent element. However, the residual Li content in the 3 mol % Li2CO3-added (Ba0.95Ca0.05)(Ti0.95Sn0.05)O3 ceramics after sintering was less than 0.3 mol %. Sintered bodies of this ceramic prepared in a CO2 (1.5%)-H2 (0.3%)/Ar reducing atmosphere (PO2 = 10-8 atm at 1350 °C), exhibited sufficient electrical resistivity and a piezoelectric constant (d 33) exceeding 500 pC/N. The piezoelectric properties of this nonreducible ceramic were comparable or superior to those of the same ceramic sintered in air.

  3. Luminescent characteristics of UV excited Sr{sub 0.5}Ca{sub 0.5}TiO{sub 3}: Pr{sup 3+} reddish-orange phosphor

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Vidyadharan, Viji; Mohan P, Remya; Joseph, Cyriac; Unnikrishnan, N.V.; Biju, P.R., E-mail: prb.mgu@gmail.com

    2016-02-15

    Pr{sup 3+} doped Sr{sub 0.5}Ca{sub 0.5}TiO{sub 3} phosphors were synthesised by solid state reaction process. The structure, surface morphology and photoluminescence of the prepared phosphors were analysed using XRD, SEM and photoluminescence spectroscopy respectively. The XRD pattern confirmed orthorhombic perovskite structure of the Sr{sub 0.5}Ca{sub 0.5}TiO{sub 3}: x Pr{sup 3+} phosphor. Agglomeration of particles with irregular shapes is observed from the SEM images. The emission spectra of Sr{sub 0.5}Ca{sub 0.5}TiO{sub 3}: x Pr{sup 3+} phosphor shows the samples can be effectively excited with UV light at 336 nm and exhibit a strong reddish-orange emission at 611 nm. Concentration dependence of emission intensity shows concentration quenching effect on increasing Pr{sup 3+} concentration after x = 0.1 because of dipole–dipole interaction. Using Blasse's formula, critical distance for energy transfer was calculated. The CIE co-ordinates, CCT, colour purity and luminescence decay of the prepared phosphors were also calculated. These results offer the prepared phosphor as a suitable candidate for various photonic applications. - Highlights: • Sr{sub 0.5}Ca{sub 0.5}TiO{sub 3}: x Pr{sup 3+} perovskite structured phosphors were synthesized. • Under UV excitation, the PL spectra show strong reddish-orange emission. • The emission from {sup 3}P{sub J} levels of Pr{sup 3+} were absent due to the presence of IVCT band. • Concentration quenching due to dipole–dipole interaction was observed. • For x = 0.1, sample shows a maximum emission intensity with 91.7% colour purity.

  4. Creating Two-Dimensional Electron Gas in Nonpolar/Nonpolar Oxide Interface via Polarization Discontinuity: First-Principles Analysis of CaZrO3/SrTiO3 Heterostructure.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nazir, Safdar; Cheng, Jianli; Yang, Kesong

    2016-01-13

    We studied strain-induced polarization and resulting conductivity in the nonpolar/nonpolar CaZrO3/SrTiO3 (CZO/STO) heterostructure (HS) system by means of first-principles electronic structure calculations. By modeling four types of CZO/STO HS-based slab systems, i.e., TiO2/CaO and SrO/ZrO2 interface models with CaO and ZrO2 surface terminations in each model separately, we found that the lattice-mismatch-induced compressive strain leads to a strong polarization in the CZO film and that as the CZO film thickness increases there exists an insulator-to-metal transition. The polarization direction and critical thickness of the CZO film for forming interfacial metallic states depend on the surface termination of CZO film in both types of interface models. In the TiO2/CaO and SrO/ZrO2 interface models with CaO surface termination, the strong polarization drives the charge transfer from the CZO film to the first few TiO2 layers in the STO substrate, leading to the formation of two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) at the interface. In the HS models with ZrO2 surface termination, two polarization domains with opposite directions are in the CZO film, which results in the charge transfer from the middle CZO layer to the interface and surface, respectively, leading to the coexistence of the 2DEG on the interface and the two-dimensional hole gas (2DHG) at the middle CZO layer. These findings open a new avenue to achieve 2DEG (2DHG) in perovskite-based HS systems via polarization discontinuity.

  5. Energy dependence of thermoluminescent response of CaSO{sub 4}:Dy, LiF:Mg and micro LiF:Mg,Ti in clinical beams of electrons by using different simulator objects; Dependencia energetica da resposta TL de dosimetros de CaSO{sub 4}:Dy, LiF:Mg e microLiF:Mg,Ti em feixes clinicos de eletrons utilizando diferentes objetos simuladores

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bravim, Amanda; Campos, Leticia Lucente, E-mail: abravin@ipen.b, E-mail: rsakuraba@einstein.b, E-mail: lcrodri@ipen.b [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil); Sakuraba, Roberto K.; Cruz, Jose Carlos da, E-mail: rsakuraba@einstein.b, E-mail: josecarlosc@einstein.b [Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

    2011-10-26

    Yet not so widely applied in radiotherapy, the calcium sulfate doped with dysprosium (CaSO{sub 4}:Dy) is used in radioprotection and studies has been demonstrated its great potential for the dosimetry in radiotherapy. This work evaluates the energy dependence of the thermoluminescent answer of the CaSO{sub 4}:D, LiF:Mg,Ti (TLD-100) and micro LiF:Mg,Ti in clinical beams of electrons by using water simulators, PMMA and solid water

  6. Synthesis of Cr-doped CaTiSiO5 ceramic pigments by spray drying

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lyubenova, T. Stoyanova; Matteucci, F.; Costa, A.L.; Dondi, M.; Ocana, M.; Carda, J.

    2009-01-01

    Cr-doped CaTiSiO 5 was synthesized by spray drying and conventional ceramic method in order to assess its potential as ceramic pigment. The evolution of the phase composition with thermal treatment was investigated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and thermal analyses (DTA-TGA-EGA). Powder morphology and particle size distribution were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser diffraction, respectively. The color efficiency of pigments was evaluated by optical spectroscopy (UV-vis-NIR) and colorimetric analysis (CIE Lab). Results proved that spray drying is an efficient procedure to prepare highly reactive pigment precursors. The spray-dried powders consist of hollow spherical particles with aggregate size in the 1-10 μm range, developing a brown coloration. Optical spectra reveal the occurrence of Cr(III) and Cr(IV), both responsible for the brown color of this pigment. The former occupies the octahedral site of titanite, in substitution of Ti(IV), while the latter is located at the tetrahedral site, where replaces Si(IV)

  7. Dielectric properties, impedance analysis and modulus behavior of CaTiO{sub 3} ceramic prepared by solid state reaction

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wong, Y.J., E-mail: yjeng_86@hotmail.com [Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor (Malaysia); Hassan, J., E-mail: jumiah@science.upm.edu.my [Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor (Malaysia); Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor (Malaysia); Hashim, M., E-mail: mansor@science.upm.edu.my [Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor (Malaysia); Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor (Malaysia)

    2013-09-15

    Highlights: •A single phase orthorhombic CaTiO{sub 3} structure with sub-micron grains is produced. •The frequency exponent ‘s’ is temperature dependent and explained by CBH model. •The dielectric constant and loss tangent are frequency and temperature dependent. •The modulus plot reveals the presence of thermally activated dielectric relaxation. •Cole-cole plot reveals two primary relaxation processes exist in the sample. -- Abstract: Calcium titanate (CaTiO{sub 3}) with the general formula for perovskites, ABO{sub 3}, is of technological importance, particularly with regard to dielectric properties. In this work, CaTiO{sub 3} ceramic material was prepared by the conventional solid state reaction method. The dielectric properties, impedance characteristics and modulus behavior of the CaTiO{sub 3} ceramic material sintered at 1240 °C were investigated in the frequency range of 10{sup −2}–10{sup 6} Hz and temperature range of 100–250 °C. The XRD analysis of the sintered CaTiO{sub 3} shows that it is an orthorhombic structure with lattice parameters a = 5.4398 Å, b = 7.6417 Å, and c = 5.3830 Å. The FESEM micrograph shows a significant difference in grain size distribution ranging from 0.26 to 2.32 μm. The AC conductivity, σ{sub AC}, is found to increase with increasing temperature within the frequency range of 10{sup −2}–10{sup 6} Hz confirming the hopping of electrons to be the conduction mechanism. Due to the decreasing values of the frequency exponent s with increasing temperature, the results of the σ{sub AC} are discussed using the correlated barrier height (CBH) model. For dielectric studies, the dielectric constant, ε′ is found to decrease with increasing frequency. In the whole temperature range of 100–250 °C, high and low frequency plateau are observed. Each converges at high frequency (>10{sup 5} Hz) for all the temperatures. The frequency dependence of loss tangent, tan δ, decreases with rise in temperature, with the

  8. Role of A-site Ca and B-site Zr substitution in BaTiO3 lead-free compounds: Combined experimental and first principles density functional theoretical studies

    Science.gov (United States)

    Keswani, Bhavna C.; Saraf, Deepashri; Patil, S. I.; Kshirsagar, Anjali; James, A. R.; Kolekar, Y. D.; Ramana, C. V.

    2018-05-01

    We report on the combined experimental and theoretical simulation results of lead-free ferroelectrics, Ba(1-x)CaxTiO3 (x = 0.0-0.3) and BaTi(1-y)ZryO3 (y = 0.0-0.2), synthesized by standard solid state reaction method. First principles density functional calculations are used to investigate the electronic structure, dynamical charges, and spontaneous polarization of these compounds. In addition, the structural, ferroelectric, piezoelectric, and dielectric properties are studied using extensive experiments. The X-ray diffraction and temperature dependent Raman spectroscopy studies indicate that the calcium (Ca) substituted compositions exhibit a single phase crystal structure, while zirconium (Zr) substituted compositions are biphasic. The scanning electron micrographs reveal the uniform and highly dense microstructure. The presence of polarization-electric field and strain-electric field hysteresis loops confirms the ferroelectric and piezoelectric nature of all the compositions. Our results demonstrate higher values for polarization, percentage strain, piezoelectric coefficients, and electrostrictive coefficient compared to those existing in the literature. For smaller substitutions of Ca and Zr in BaTiO3, a direct piezoelectric coefficient (d33) is enhanced, while the highest d33 value (˜300 pC/N) is observed for BaTi0.96Zr0.04O3 due to the biphasic ferroelectric behavior. Calculation of Born effective charges indicates that doping with Ca or Zr increases the dynamical charges on Ti as well as on O and decreases the dynamical charge on Ba. An increase in the dynamical charges on Ti and O is ascribed to the increase in covalency of Ti-O bond that reduces the polarizability of the crystal. A broader range of temperatures is demonstrated to realize the stable phase in the Ca substituted compounds. The results indicate enhancement in the temperature range of applicability of these compounds for device applications. The combined theoretical and experimental study is

  9. DFT investigation of NH_3, PH_3, and AsH_3 adsorptions on Sc-, Ti-, V-, and Cr-doped single-walled carbon nanotubes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Buasaeng, Prayut; Rakrai, Wandee; Wanno, Banchob; Tabtimsai, Chanukorn

    2017-01-01

    Highlights: • Transition metal-doped single wall carbon nanotubes and their adsorption with NH_3, PH_3 and AsH_3 molecules were investigated using a DFT method. • Adsorptions of NH_3, PH_3 and AsH_3 molecules on pristine single wall carbon nanotubeswere improved by transition metal doping. • Structural and electronic properties of single wall carbon nanotubes were significantly changed by transition metal doping and gas adsorptions. - Abstract: The adsorption properties of ammonia (NH_3), phosphine (PH_3), and arsine (AsH_3) on pristine and transition metal- (TM = Sc, Ti, V, and Cr) doped (5,5) armchair single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were theoretically investigated. The geometric and electronic properties and adsorption abilities for the most stable configuration of NH_3, PH_3, and AsH_3 adsorptions on pristine and TM-doped SWCNTs were calculated. It was found that the binding abilities of TMs to the SWCNT were in the order: Cr > V > Sc > Ti. However, the adsorption energy showed that the pristine SWCNT weakly adsorbed gas molecules and its electronic properties were also insensitive to gas molecules. By replacing a C atom with TM atoms, all doping can significantly enhance the adsorption energy of gas/SWCNT complexes and their adsorption ability was in the same order: NH_3 > PH_3 > AsH_3. A remarkable increase in adsorption energy and charge transfer of these systems was expected to induce significant changes in the electrical conductivity of the TM-doped SWCNTs. This work revealed that the sensitivity of SWCNT-based chemical gas adsorptions and sensors can be greatly improved by introducing an appropriate TM dopant. Accordingly, TM-doped SWCNTs are more suitable for gas molecule adsorptions and detections than the pristine SWCNT.

  10. Effect of Rare Earth Element on Microstructure and Properties of in situ Synthesized TiB2/Al Composites

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    QU Min

    2018-03-01

    Full Text Available The effect of rare earth element Ce, Sc and Er on TiB2 particles and matrix alloy micros-tructure of TiB2/Al composites was studied with in situ synthesis method. It shows that the addition of rare earth element improves the microstructure and properties of TiB2/Al composites notably. The particles of TiB2 are relatively homogenously distributed as adding 0.3% (mass fraction rare earth element Sc and Er, moreover, it is Er that refines the microstructure of matrix alloy most significantly, then is Sc. Similarly, it is demonstrated that the addition of Sc and Er results in better tensile strength, which is enhanced by 32% and 31%, respectively; the addition of Er also leads to the best ductility by 85% with optimal tensile property. Meanwhile, fracture morphology analysis reveals that the fracture of the composites is microporous gathered ductile fracture when adding Sc and Er. Finally, it is verified that the mechanism of rare earth element on composites lies in two aspects:one is that the addition of rare earth element improves the wettability of the composites and suppresses the agglomeration of TiB2 particles; the other is that the addition of rare earth element refines the microstructure of matrix alloy and then improves the tensile strength of the composites.

  11. Bone bonding bioactivity of Ti metal and Ti-Zr-Nb-Ta alloys with Ca ions incorporated on their surfaces by simple chemical and heat treatments.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fukuda, A; Takemoto, M; Saito, T; Fujibayashi, S; Neo, M; Yamaguchi, S; Kizuki, T; Matsushita, T; Niinomi, M; Kokubo, T; Nakamura, T

    2011-03-01

    Ti15Zr4Nb4Ta and Ti29Nb13Ta4.6Zr, which do not contain the potentially cytotoxic elements V and Al, represent a new generation of alloys with improved corrosion resistance, mechanical properties, and cytocompatibility. Recently it has become possible for the apatite forming ability of these alloys to be ascertained by treatment with alkali, CaCl2, heat, and water (ACaHW). In order to confirm the actual in vivo bioactivity of commercially pure titanium (cp-Ti) and these alloys after subjecting them to ACaHW treatment at different temperatures, the bone bonding strength of implants made from these materials was evaluated. The failure load between implant and bone was measured for treated and untreated plates at 4, 8, 16, and 26 weeks after implantation in rabbit tibia. The untreated implants showed almost no bonding, whereas all treated implants showed successful bonding by 4 weeks, and the failure load subsequently increased with time. This suggests that a simple and economical ACaHW treatment could successfully be used to impart bone bonding bioactivity to Ti metal and Ti-Zr-Nb-Ta alloys in vivo. In particular, implants heat treated at 700 °C exhibited significantly greater bone bonding strength, as well as augmented in vitro apatite formation, in comparison with those treated at 600 °C. Thus, with this improved bioactive treatment process these advantageous Ti-Zr-Nb-Ta alloys can serve as useful candidates for orthopedic devices. Copyright © 2010 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  12. Theranostic pretargeted radioimmunotherapy of colorectal cancer xenografts in mice using picomolar affinity Y-86- or Lu-177-DOTA-Bn binding scFv C825/GPA33 IgG bispecific immunoconjugates

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cheal, Sarah M.; Xu, Hong; Guo, Hong-fen; Lee, Sang-gyu; Punzalan, Blesida; Chalasani, Sandhya; Fung, Edward K.; Jungbluth, Achim; Zanzonico, Pat B.; Carrasquillo, Jorge A.; O’Donoghue, Joseph; Smith-Jones, Peter M.; Wittrup, K. Dane; Cheung, Nai-Kong V.; Larson, Steven M.

    2015-01-01

    Purpose GPA33 is a colorectal cancer (CRC) antigen with unique retention properties after huA33-mediated tumor targeting. We tested a pre-targeted radioimmunotherapy (PRIT) approach for CRC using a tetravalent bispecific antibody with dual specificity for GPA33 tumor antigen and DOTA-Bn (radiolanthanide metal) complex. Methods PRIT was optimized in vivo by titrating sequential intravenous doses of huA33-C825, the dextran-based clearing agent (CA), and the C825-haptens 177Lu-or 86Y-DOTA-Bn in mice bearing the SW1222 subcutaneous (s.c.) CRC xenograft model. Results Using optimized PRIT, therapeutic indices (TIs) for tumor radiation absorbed dose of 73 (tumor/blood) and 12 (tumor/kidney) were achieved. Estimated absorbed doses (cGy/MBq) to tumor, blood, liver, spleen, and kidney for single-cycle PRIT were 65.8, 0.9 (TI: 73), 6.3 (TI: 10), 6.6 (TI: 10), and 5.3 (TI: 12), respectively. Two cycles of PRIT treatment (66.6 or 111 MBq 177Lu-DOTA-Bn) were safe and effective, with 9/9 complete responses of established s.c. tumors (100–700 mm3) and 2/9 alive without recurrence >140 d. Tumor log kill in this model was estimated to be 2.1–3.0 based time to 500-mm3 tumor recurrence. In addition, PRIT dosimetry/diagnosis was performed by PET imaging of the positron-emitting DOTA-hapten 86Y-DOTA-Bn. Conclusions We have developed anti-GPA33 PRIT, as a triple-step theranostic strategy for pre-clinical detection, dosimetry and safe targeted radiotherapy of established human colorectal mouse xenografts. PMID:26596724

  13. Electron paramagnetic resonance investigation of polycrystalline CaCu{sub 3}Ti{sub 4}O{sub 12}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mozzati, Maria Cristina [INFM-Dipartimento di Fisica ' Alessandro Volta' , Universita di Pavia, via Bassi 6, I-27100 Pavia (Italy); Azzoni, Carlo Bruno [INFM-Dipartimento di Fisica ' Alessandro Volta' , Universita di Pavia, via Bassi 6, I-27100 Pavia (Italy); Capsoni, Doretta [Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica ' Mario Rolla' , Universita di Pavia and IENI-CNR, Sezione di Pavia, viale Taramelli 16, I-27100 Pavia (Italy); Bini, Marcella [Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica ' Mario Rolla' , Universita di Pavia and IENI-CNR, Sezione di Pavia, viale Taramelli 16, I-27100 Pavia (Italy); Massarotti, Vincenzo [Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica ' Mario Rolla' , Universita di Pavia and IENI-CNR, Sezione di Pavia, viale Taramelli 16, I-27100 Pavia (Italy)

    2003-11-05

    Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements on pure polycrystalline CaCu{sub 3}Ti{sub 4}O{sub 12} have been performed and are discussed within a crystal-field approach. A symmetric signal centred at g = 2.15 is observed for T>25 K, with no evidence of hyperfine structure. At this temperature an antiferromagnetic transition is observed as confirmed by static magnetization data. Cu defective and 2% doped (V, Cr, Mn, La) samples were also prepared and considered, mainly to understand the nature of the observed paramagnetic centre. Substitutions in the octahedral sites, causing variations of the configuration in CuO{sub 4}-TiO{sub 6}-CuO{sub 4} complexes, change the magnetic and EPR features. To justify the EPR response a strong copper-hole delocalization is suggested.

  14. Fabrication and characterization of polyvinyl alcohol/metal (Ca, Mg, Ti) doped zirconium phosphate nanocomposite films for scaffold-guided tissue engineering application

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kalita, Himani; Pal, Pallabi; Dhara, Santanu; Pathak, Amita

    2017-01-01

    Nanocomposite films of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and zirconium phosphate (ZrP)/doped ZrP (doped with Ca, Mg, Ti) nanoparticles have been developed by solvent casting method to assess their potential as matrix material in scaffold-guided tissue engineering application. The prepared ZrP and doped ZrP nanoparticles as well as the nanocomposite films were characterized by various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. Nanoindentation studies revealed improved nanomechanical properties in the PVA/doped ZrP nanocomposite films (highest for PVA/Ti doped ZrP: hardness = 262.4 MPa; elastic modulus = 5800 MPa) as compared to the PVA/ZrP and neat PVA films. In-vitro cell culture experiments carried out to access the cellular viability, attachment, proliferation, and migration on the substrates, using mouse fibroblast (3T3) cell lines, inferred enhanced bioactivity in the PVA/doped ZrP nanocomposite films (highest for PVA/Ca doped ZrP) in contrast to PVA/ZrP and neat PVA films. Controlled biodegradability as well as swelling behavior, superior bioactivity and improved mechanical properties of the PVA/doped ZrP nanocomposite films make them promising matrix materials for scaffold-guided tissue engineering application. - Highlights: • PVA/ZrP (undoped/doped with Ca, Mg and Ti) nanocomposite scaffolds were developed. • The nanocomposites were prepared via solvent casting method. • PVA/doped ZrP films exhibited enhanced mechanical properties than PVA/undoped ZrP. • Excellent bioactivity was observed in the PVA/doped ZrP films than PVA/undoped ZrP.

  15. Fabrication and characterization of polyvinyl alcohol/metal (Ca, Mg, Ti) doped zirconium phosphate nanocomposite films for scaffold-guided tissue engineering application

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kalita, Himani [Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302 (India); Pal, Pallabi; Dhara, Santanu [School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302 (India); Pathak, Amita, E-mail: ami@chem.iitkgp.ernet.in [Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302 (India)

    2017-02-01

    Nanocomposite films of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and zirconium phosphate (ZrP)/doped ZrP (doped with Ca, Mg, Ti) nanoparticles have been developed by solvent casting method to assess their potential as matrix material in scaffold-guided tissue engineering application. The prepared ZrP and doped ZrP nanoparticles as well as the nanocomposite films were characterized by various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. Nanoindentation studies revealed improved nanomechanical properties in the PVA/doped ZrP nanocomposite films (highest for PVA/Ti doped ZrP: hardness = 262.4 MPa; elastic modulus = 5800 MPa) as compared to the PVA/ZrP and neat PVA films. In-vitro cell culture experiments carried out to access the cellular viability, attachment, proliferation, and migration on the substrates, using mouse fibroblast (3T3) cell lines, inferred enhanced bioactivity in the PVA/doped ZrP nanocomposite films (highest for PVA/Ca doped ZrP) in contrast to PVA/ZrP and neat PVA films. Controlled biodegradability as well as swelling behavior, superior bioactivity and improved mechanical properties of the PVA/doped ZrP nanocomposite films make them promising matrix materials for scaffold-guided tissue engineering application. - Highlights: • PVA/ZrP (undoped/doped with Ca, Mg and Ti) nanocomposite scaffolds were developed. • The nanocomposites were prepared via solvent casting method. • PVA/doped ZrP films exhibited enhanced mechanical properties than PVA/undoped ZrP. • Excellent bioactivity was observed in the PVA/doped ZrP films than PVA/undoped ZrP.

  16. Input-Timing-Dependent Plasticity in the Hippocampal CA2 Region and Its Potential Role in Social Memory.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Leroy, Felix; Brann, David H; Meira, Torcato; Siegelbaum, Steven A

    2017-08-30

    Input-timing-dependent plasticity (ITDP) is a circuit-based synaptic learning rule by which paired activation of entorhinal cortical (EC) and Schaffer collateral (SC) inputs to hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons (PNs) produces a long-term enhancement of SC excitation. We now find that paired stimulation of EC and SC inputs also induces ITDP of SC excitation of CA2 PNs. However, whereas CA1 ITDP results from long-term depression of feedforward inhibition (iLTD) as a result of activation of CB1 endocannabinoid receptors on cholecystokinin-expressing interneurons, CA2 ITDP results from iLTD through activation of δ-opioid receptors on parvalbumin-expressing interneurons. Furthermore, whereas CA1 ITDP has been previously linked to enhanced specificity of contextual memory, we find that CA2 ITDP is associated with enhanced social memory. Thus, ITDP may provide a general synaptic learning rule for distinct forms of hippocampal-dependent memory mediated by distinct hippocampal regions. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  17. Location of the major 2Psub(1/2) strength in 49Sc by forward angle heavy-ion j dependence

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kemper, K.W.; Zeller, A.F.; Ophel, T.R.

    1977-12-01

    Foward angle 48 Ca( 7 Li, 6 He) data show the 4.49 MeV state in 49 Sc to be 2Psub(1/2) and not 2Psub(3/2) as reported in an earlier 48 Ca( 15 N, 14 C) work. The ( 3 He,d) spectroscopic factor of 0.55 indicates that this state has the major components of the 2psub(1/2) strength in 49 Sc. (Author)

  18. Phase Identification and Dielectric Properties of Pb0.94 Ca0.06 TiO3 Ceramics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Khin Thida; Tin Tin Aye; Aye Aye Phyu; Moe Moe Myint; Ko Ko Kyaw Soe

    2008-03-01

    The ferroelectric materials of Ca (6 mol %) doped PbTiO3 (abbreviated to PCT6) ceamics were prepared by using conventional solid solution method. Phase assignment is identified by XRD technique. The change in capacitance, the variation of dielectric constant and dielectric loss as a function of applied frequency modes (1 kHz-10 kHz)at zero bias voltage of PCT6 ceramics by using Cu and Ag electrodes were investigated.

  19. Structural and luminescence properties of CaTiO{sub 3}:Eu{sup 3+} phosphor synthesized by chemical co-precipitation method for the application of solid state lighting devices

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Singh, Dhananjay Kumar, E-mail: dksism89@gmail.com; Manam, J., E-mail: jairam.manam@gmail.com [Department of Applied Physics, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad-826004 (India)

    2016-05-06

    The present work report a series of trivalent Europium (Eu{sup 3+}) doped well crystallized perovskite CaTiO{sub 3} phosphors successfully synthesized by chemical co-precipitation method. The crystal structure was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) which is in good agreement with pure orthorhombic phase with space group Pbnm, and it also indicated that the incorporation of the dopant did not affect the crystal structure. The impact of doping on the photoluminescence performances of the sample has been investigated by emission, excitation, and diffuse reflectance spectra at the room temperature. Photoluminescence spectra of Eu{sup 3+} doped CaTiO{sub 3} nanophosphor revealed the characteristic emission peak around wavelength 618 nm in the visible region upon the excitation of near-UV light at wavelength 397 nm due to {sup 5}D{sub 0} → {sup 7}F{sub 2} transition in Eu{sup 3+}. It was further proved that the dipole– dipole interactions results in the concentration quenching of Eu{sup 3+} in CaTiO{sub 3}:Eu{sup 3+} nanophosphors. The elemental composition of sample carried out by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). EDS analysis reveals that the Eu{sup 3+} doped successfully into host CaTiO{sub 3}. The experimental result reveals that prepared nanophosphor can be used in the application of solid state lighting devices.

  20. Absolute isotopic abundances of Ti in meteorites

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Niederer, F.R.; Papanastassiou, D.A.; Wasserburg, G.J.

    1985-01-01

    The absolute isotope abundance of Ti has been determined in Ca-Al-rich inclusions from the Allende and Leoville meteorites and in samples of whole meteorites. The absolute Ti isotope abundances differ by a significant mass dependent isotope fractionation transformation from the previously reported abundances, which were normalized for fractionation using 46 Ti/ 48 Ti. Therefore, the absolute compositions define distinct nucleosynthetic components from those previously identified or reflect the existence of significant mass dependent isotope fractionation in nature. We provide a general formalism for determining the possible isotope compositions of the exotic Ti from the measured composition, for different values of isotope fractionation in nature and for different mixing ratios of the exotic and normal components. The absolute Ti and Ca isotopic compositions still support the correlation of 50 Ti and 48 Ca effects in the FUN inclusions and imply contributions from neutron-rich equilibrium or quasi-equilibrium nucleosynthesis. The present identification of endemic effects at 46 Ti, for the absolute composition, implies a shortfall of an explosive-oxygen component or reflects significant isotope fractionation. Additional nucleosynthetic components are required by 47 Ti and 49 Ti effects. Components are also defined in which 48 Ti is enhanced. Results are given and discussed. (author)

  1. A comparative study for Hydrogen storage in metal decorated graphyne nanotubes and graphyne monolayers

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lu, Jinlian; Guo, Yanhua; Zhang, Yun; Tang, Yingru; Cao, Juexian

    2015-01-01

    A comparative study for hydrogen storage in metal decorated graphyne nanotubes and graphyne monolayers has been investigated within the framework of first-principle calculations. Our results show that the binding energies of Li, Ca, Sc, Ti on graphyne nanotubes are stronger than that on graphyne monolayers. Such strong binding would prevent the formation of metal clusters on graphyne nanotubes. From the charge transfer and partial density of states, it is found that the curvature effect of nanotubes plays an important role for the strong binding strength of metal on graphyne nanotubes. And the hydrogen storage capacity is 4.82 wt%, 5.08 wt%, 4.88 wt%, 4.76 wt% for Li, Ca, Sc, Ti decorated graphyne nanotubes that promise a potential material for storing hydrogen. - Graphical abstract: Metal atoms (Li, Ca, Sc and Ti) can strongly bind to graphyne nanotubes to avoid the formation of metal clusters, and a capacity of Ca@graphyne nanotube is 5.08 wt% which is close to the requirement of DOE in 2015. Twenty-four hydrogen molecules absorb to Ti-decorated graphyne nanotube. - Highlights: • The binding strength for metal on graphyne nanotubes is much stronger than that on γ-graphyne monolayer. • Metal atoms can strongly bind to the curving triangle acetylenes rings to avoid the formation of metal clusters. • A capacity of Ca@graphyne nanotube is 5.08 wt% which is close to the requirement of DOE in 2015.

  2. Soft spin-dipole resonances in 40Ca

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Stuhl, L; Krasznahorkay, A; Csatlós, M; Gulyás, J; Marketin, T; Litvinova, E; Adachi, T; Fujita, H; Hatanaka, K; Hirota, K; Ong, H J; Ishikawa, D; Matsubara, H; Algora, A; Estevez, E; Molina, F; Daeven, J; Guess, C; Meharchand, R; Fujita, Y

    2012-01-01

    High resolution experimental data has been obtained for the 40,42,44,48 Ca( 3 He,t)Sc charge exchange reaction at 420 MeV beam energy, which favors the spin-isospin excitations. The measured angular distributions were analyzed for each state separately, and the relative spin dipole strength has been extracted for the first time. The low-lying spin-dipole strength distribution in 40 Sc shows some interesting periodic gross feature. It resembles to a soft, damped multi-phonon vibrational band with hω= 1.8 MeV, which might be associated to pairing vibrations around 40 Ca.

  3. Epitaxial phase diagrams of SrTiO3, CaTiO3, and SrHfO3: Computational investigation including the role of antiferrodistortive and A -site displacement modes

    Science.gov (United States)

    Angsten, Thomas; Asta, Mark

    2018-04-01

    Ground-state epitaxial phase diagrams are calculated by density functional theory (DFT) for SrTiO3, CaTiO3, and SrHfO3 perovskite-based compounds, accounting for the effects of antiferrodistortive and A -site displacement modes. Biaxial strain states corresponding to epitaxial growth of (001)-oriented films are considered, with misfit strains ranging between -4 % and 4%. Ground-state structures are determined using a computational procedure in which input structures for DFT optimizations are identified as local minima in expansions of the total energy with respect to strain and soft-mode degrees of freedom. Comparison to results of previous DFT studies demonstrates the effectiveness of the computational approach in predicting ground-state phases. The calculated results show that antiferrodistortive octahedral rotations and associated A -site displacement modes act to suppress polarization and reduce the epitaxial strain energy. A projection of calculated atomic displacements in the ground-state epitaxial structures onto soft-mode eigenvectors shows that three ferroelectric and six antiferrodistortive displacement modes are dominant at all misfit strains considered, with the relative contributions from each varying systematically with the strain. Additional A -site displacement modes contribute to the atomic displacements in CaTiO3 and SrHfO3, which serve to optimize the coordination of the undersized A -site cation.

  4. Properties of the low-lying negative parity states in 45Sc

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chevallier, J.; Haas, B.; Schulz, N.; Toulemonde, M.

    1975-01-01

    The electromagnetic decay of negative parity states in 45 Sc up to an excitation energy of 2107keV have been investigated via the 42 Ca(α,pγ) 45 Sc reaction at a bombarding energy of 10.5MeV. Spin and lifetime of the levels as well as branching and mixing ratios of their decay γ-rays have been obtained from proton-gamma angular correlation measurements. Calculations based on the strong coupling model have been performed. The results are compared with experiment [fr

  5. Low modulus and bioactive Ti/α-TCP/Ti-mesh composite prepared by spark plasma sintering.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Guo, Yu; Tan, Yanni; Liu, Yong; Liu, Shifeng; Zhou, Rui; Tang, Hanchun

    2017-11-01

    A titanium mesh scaffold composite filled with Ti/α-TCP particles was prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS). The microstructures and interfacial reactions of the composites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The compressive strength and elastic modulus were also measured. In vitro bioactivity and biocompatibility was evaluated by using simulated body fluid and cells culture, respectively. After high temperature sintering, Ti oxides, Ti x P y and CaTiO 3 were formed. The formation of Ti oxides and Ti x P y were resulted from the diffusion of O and P elements from α-TCP to Ti. CaTiO 3 was the reaction product of Ti and α-TCP. The composite of 70Ti/α-TCP incorporated with Ti mesh showed a high compressive strength of 589MPa and a low compressive modulus of 30GPa. The bioactivity test showed the formation of a thick apatite layer on the composite and well-spread cells attachment. A good combination of mechanical properties and bioactivity indicated a high potential application of Ti/α-TCP/Ti-mesh composite for orthopedic implants. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V.

  6. Improve photovoltaic performance of titanium dioxide nanorods based dye-sensitized solar cells by Ca-doping

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Li, Weixin; Yang, Junyou; Zhang, Jiaqi; Gao, Sheng; Luo, Yubo; Liu, Ming

    2014-01-01

    Highlights: • TiO 2 nanorods doped with Ca ions were synthesized by one-step hydrothermal method. • The flat band edge of rutile TiO 2 shifted positively via Ca-doping. • The photoelectric conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on TiO 2 electrode was much enhanced by Ca-doping. • A relatively high open circuit voltage was obtained by adopting Ca-doped TiO 2 nanorods electrode. - Abstract: Ca-doped TiO 2 nanorod arrays were prepared via the one-step hydrothermal method successfully, and the effect of Ca ions content on the photovoltaic conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells has been fully discussed in the paper. Although no obvious change on the microstructure and morphology was observed by field emission scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope for the Ca-doped samples, the results of X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed that Ti 4+ was substituted with Ca 2+ successfully. UV–vis spectroscopy results revealed that the flat band edge shifted positively by Ca ions doping. The photovoltaic conversion efficiency of the dye-sensitized solar cells based on the 2 mol% Ca-doped TiO 2 electrode was 43% higher than that of the undoped one due to the less recombination possibility

  7. Thermal conductivity in Pr{sub 1-x}Ca{sub x}MnO{sub 3} and SrTiO{sub 3} thin film systems

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wiedigen, Stefanie; Kramer, Thilo; Mangipudi, Kodanda R.; Hoffmann, Joerg; Volkert, Cynthia A.; Jooss, Christian [Institute for Materials Physics, University of Goettingen (Germany); Feuchter, Manuel; Kamlah, Marc [Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (Germany)

    2012-07-01

    Epitaxial multilayers and superlattices are one recent approach for the design of efficient thermoelectrics. To study the effect of phonon blocking and scattering on thermal conductivity of oxide multilayers, a combination of two perovskites with promising thermoelectric properties is selected: the orthorhombic Pr{sub 1-x}Ca{sub x}MnO{sub 3} and the cubic SrTiO{sub 3}. In order to investigate the effect of microstructure, interfaces and acoustic impedance mismatch on thermal conductivity {kappa} high preparation quality is needed. Our thin films were prepared by ion-beam and magnetron sputtering. Structural analysis is done by XRD and TEM and is presented in combination with thermal conductivity measurements using the 3{omega} method. Single layers of Pr{sub 1-x}Ca{sub x}MnO{sub 3} show low {kappa} values and no significant increase of thermal conductivity with increasing doping. In homoepitaxial single layers of SrTiO{sub 3} preparation conditions have a high impact on {kappa}, most probably due to different concentrations of point defects. Pr{sub 1-x}Ca{sub x}MnO{sub 3}/SrTiO{sub 3} multilayers show a {kappa} decreases systematically with increasing number of double layers. The results are discussed in the light of the theoretically calculated phonon dispersion and the experimentally observed microstructure.

  8. Microscopic origins of the large piezoelectricity of leadfree (Ba,Ca)(Zr,Ti)O3.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nahas, Yousra; Akbarzadeh, Alireza; Prokhorenko, Sergei; Prosandeev, Sergey; Walter, Raymond; Kornev, Igor; Íñiguez, Jorge; Bellaiche, L

    2017-06-20

    In light of directives around the world to eliminate toxic materials in various technologies, finding lead-free materials with high piezoelectric responses constitutes an important current scientific goal. As such, the recent discovery of a large electromechanical conversion near room temperature in (1-x)Ba(Zr 0.2 Ti 0.8 )O 3 -x(Ba 0.7 Ca 0.3 )TiO 3 compounds has directed attention to understanding its origin. Here, we report the development of a large-scale atomistic scheme providing a microscopic insight into this technologically promising material. We find that its high piezoelectricity originates from the existence of large fluctuations of polarization in the orthorhombic state arising from the combination of a flat free-energy landscape, a fragmented local structure, and the narrow temperature window around room temperature at which this orthorhombic phase is the equilibrium state. In addition to deepening the current knowledge on piezoelectricity, these findings have the potential to guide the design of other lead-free materials with large electromechanical responses.

  9. Comportamiento dieléctrico de cerámicos de CaCu3Ti4O12

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Castro, M. S.

    2011-08-01

    Full Text Available In this work, CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO ceramics were prepared by solid state reaction at 900°C for 12 h and sintered at 1100°C during 3 h. The main phase detected through X-ray diffraction (XRD was CCTO. Also, by means of Raman spectroscopy, it was observed a secondary phase rich in CuO. A dielectric constant higher than 13.000ε0 was obtained by Impedance spectroscopy measurements in the range between 25 to 106Hz. The value could be explained by the effect of dipolar and space charge polarization processes.En este trabajo se prepararon cerámicos basados en CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO por reacción en estado sólido a 900°C y posterior sinterizado a 1100°C. Mediante difracción de rayos X (DRX se comprobó la presencia de CCTO. A través de espectroscopía Raman se observó la presencia de una fase secundaria rica en CuO. Las mediciones de espectroscopía de impedancia demostraron que este material presenta una constante dieléctrica mayor a 13.000ε0 en el intervalo comprendido entre 25 y 106 Hz. Este valor es atribuido a la presencia de mecanismos de polarización de carga espacial y dipolar.

  10. SSC type NbTi superconductor research program at Teledyne SC

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kallsen, J.F.; McDonald, W.K.; Geno, J.D.; O'Larey, P.M.; Siddall, M.B.

    1991-01-01

    In an on-going research effort at Teledyne SC, several multifilament niobium titanium composite billets have been fabricated and processed to make SSC type wire. Critical current densities of 3000 A/mm 2 ± 5% and 2950 A/mm 2 ± 5% (5 T, 4.2 K, 10 -14 ohm-m) have been achieved in wires containing 6.5 and 4.8 micron diameter filaments respectively. This paper addresses piece length and cable-able characteristics

  11. AC Electroluminescent Processes in Pr3+-Activated (Ba0.4Ca0.6TiO3 Diphase Polycrystals

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nan Gao

    2017-05-01

    Full Text Available We investigated the properties of alternating current (AC-driven electroluminescence from (Ba0.4Ca0.6TiO3:Pr3+ diphase polycrystal-based device. The results of crystal phases and micrographs, and the symmetrical dual emissions in one AC cycle, indicate the spontaneous formation of a dielectric/phosphor/dielectric sandwich microstructure in (Ba0.4Ca0.6TiO3:Pr3+. The electroluminescent device emits a red light of 617 nm, which is attributed to the 1D2-3H4 transition of Pr3+ in the phosphor phase. At a fixed AC frequency, the intensity of electroluminescence exhibits a steep enhancement when applying an increased driving electric field that is beyond a threshold. In a fixed driving electric field, the intensity of electroluminescence shows a rapid rise at low frequencies, but reaches saturation at high frequencies. Based on a double-injection model, we discussed systematically the electroluminescent processes in a whole cycle of AC electric field, which matched well with the experimental data. Our investigation is expected to expand our understanding of such a diphase electroluminescent device, thereby promoting their applications in lighting and displays.

  12. Effect of Ca2+ Ions on Electrical Properties of Ba1-x Ca x Ti0.90Sn0.10O3-0.05Y2O3 Ceramics

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Zhi-hui; Li, Zhi-wei; Ding, Jian-ning; Zhao, Tian-xiang; Qiu, Jian-hua; Zhu, Ke-qian; Xu, Jiu-jun; Zhang, Bing

    2018-03-01

    Ba1-x Ca x Ti0.90Sn0.10O3-0.05Y2O3 (BCTSY) lead-free piezoceramics with x = 0.02 to 0.10 have been fabricated by solid-state sintering method at 1420°C. The effects of Ca2+ ions on the microstructure and electrical properties of the samples were studied. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that all samples possessed pure perovskite structure with Ca2+ ions diffused into the matrix lattice. The rhombohedral phase and tetragonal phase coexisted in the composition range of 0.02 ceramic became more homogeneous with addition of Ca2+ ions, and the average grain size of the samples decreased from 97 μm (x = 0.02) to 18 μm (x = 0.10). Addition of Ca2+ remarkably improved the piezoelectric properties, enhanced the dielectric frequency dispersion, and increased the Curie temperature of the ceramics. The piezoelectric properties of the ceramics were optimized at x = 0.04 with d 33 and K p values of 579 pC/N and 52.7%, respectively.

  13. Effect of Ca{sup 2+} substitution on impedance and electrical conduction mechanism of Ba{sub 1−x}Ca{sub x}Zr{sub 0.1}Ti{sub 0.9}O{sub 3} (0.00≤x≤0.20) ceramics

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mondal, Tanusree [Functional Ceramics Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad 826004 (India); Das, Sayantani [Department of Physics, University of Calcutta, 92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata 700009 (India); Badapanda, T. [Department of Physics, C.V. Raman College of Engineering, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 7520544 (India); Sinha, T.P. [Department of Physics, Bose Institute, 93/1, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata 700009 (India); Sarun, P.M., E-mail: sarun.res@gmail.com [Functional Ceramics Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad 826004 (India)

    2017-03-01

    The Ca modified Ba{sub 1−x}Ca{sub x}Zr{sub 0.1}Ti{sub 0.9}O{sub 3} (BCZT) system for x=0.00–0.20 is synthesized by the high-temperature conventional solid state reaction method. The morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) between the tetragonal and cubic structure is obtained at room temperature for the composition x=0.15. The doping of Ca facilitates the enhancement of the homogeneity of microstructure and growth of the grain size. The phase transition is also confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. In order to explore the effect of Ca concentration variation on the conduction mechanism of BaZr{sub 0.1}Ti{sub 0.9}O{sub 3} (BZT) ceramic, the frequency dependent ac impedance spectroscopy technique is used at various temperatures. The effect of Ca doping on the electrical properties of BZT is clearly noticeable. The resistance of the grain (bulk) and the grain boundary is increased as a consequence of the increase in the activation energy of Ca substituted BZT samples. The enhanced resistivity of the Ca substituted BZT ceramics is explained in terms of the decrease in the mobility of the charge carriers associated with the lattice distortion. The electric modulus analysis reveals the enhanced capacitance of BCZT ceramics which is in good agreement with the results obtained from complex impedance analysis.

  14. Study and Fabrication of Super Low-Cost Solar Cell (SLC-SC) Based on Counter Electrode from Animal’s Bone

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fadlilah, D. R.; Fajar, M. N.; Aini, A. N.; Haqqiqi, R. I.; Wirawan, P. R.; Endarko

    2018-04-01

    The synthesized carbon from bones of chicken, cow, and fish with the calcination temperature at 450 and 600°C have been successfully fabricated for counter electrode in the Super Low-Cost Solar Cell (SLC-LC) based the structure of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC). The main proposed study was to fabricate SLC-SC and investigate the influence of the synthesized carbon from animal’s bone for counter electrode towards to photovoltaic performance of SLC-SC. X-Ray Diffraction and UV-Vis was used to characterize the phase and the optical properties of TiO2 as photoanode in SLC-SC. Meanwhile, the morphology and particle size distribution of the synthesized carbon in counter electrodes were investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). The results showed that the TiO2 has anatase phase with the absorption wavelength of 300 to 550 nm. The calcination temperature for synthesizing of carbon could affect morphology and particle size distribution. The increasing temperature gave the effect more dense in morphology and increased the particle size of carbon in the counter electrode. Changes in morphology and particle size of carbon give effect to the performance of the SLC-SC where the increased morphology’s compact and particle size make decreased in the performance of the SLC-SC.

  15. The Microwave-Assisted Green Synthesis of TiC Powders.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Hui; Zhu, Wencheng; Liu, Yanchun; Zeng, Lingke; Sun, Luyi

    2016-11-08

    Titanium carbide (TiC) is an important engineering material and has found widespread applications. Currently, TiC is typically synthesized through carbothermal reduction, requiring a high temperature (ca. 1700-2300 °C) and long reaction time (ca. 10-20 h), which is not eco-friendly. During a conventional reaction path, anatase TiO₂ (A-TiO₂) was first converted to rutile TiO₂ (R-TiO₂), which was subsequently reduced to TiC. Herein, we explored the synthesis of TiC powders with the assistance of microwave heating. In particular, we achieved the conversion of A-TiO₂, which was more reactive than R-TiO₂ for the carbothermal reduction, to TiC, which was directly due to quick microwave heating. As such, the carbothermal reduction started at a much lower temperature of ca. 1200 °C and finished within 30 min when reacting at 1400 °C, leading to significant energy saving. This study shows that microwave-assisted synthesis can be an effective and green process for preparing TiC powders, which is promising for future large-scale production. The influence of the reaction temperature, the reaction duration, and the carbon content on the synthesis of TiC powders was investigated.

  16. Ca-Embedded C2N: an efficient adsorbent for CO2 capture.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liu, Yuzhen; Meng, Zhaoshun; Guo, Xiaojian; Xu, Genjian; Rao, Dewei; Wang, Yuhui; Deng, Kaiming; Lu, Ruifeng

    2017-10-25

    Carbon dioxide as a greenhouse gas causes severe impacts on the environment, whereas it is also a necessary chemical feedstock that can be converted into carbon-based fuels via electrochemical reduction. To efficiently and reversibly capture CO 2 , it is important to find novel materials for a good balance between adsorption and desorption. In this study, we performed first-principles calculations and grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations, to systematically study metal-embedded carbon nitride (C 2 N) nanosheets for CO 2 capture. Our first-principles results indicated that Ca atoms can be uniformly trapped in the cavity center of C 2 N structure, while the transition metals (Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co) are favorably embedded in the sites off the center of the cavity. The determined maximum number of CO 2 molecules with strong physisorption showed that Ca-embedded C 2 N monolayer is the most promising CO 2 adsorbent among all considered metal-embedded materials. Moreover, GCMC simulations revealed that at room temperature the gravimetric density for CO 2 adsorbed on Ca-embedded C 2 N reached 50 wt% at 30 bar and 23 wt% at 1 bar, higher than other layered materials, thus providing a satisfactory system for the CO 2 capture and utilization.

  17. Assessment of CaSO4:Dy and LiF:Mg,Ti thermoluminescent dosimeters performance in the dosimetry of clinical electron beams

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nunes, Maira Goes

    2008-01-01

    The assessment of the performance of CaS0 4 :Dy thermoluminescent detectors produced by IPEN in the dosimetry of clinical electron beams aims to propose an alternative to the LiF:Mg,Ti commercial dosimeters (TLD-100) largely applied in radiation therapy. The two types of thermoluminescent dosimeters were characterised with the use of PMMA, RMI-457 type solid water and water phantoms in radiation fields of 4, 6, 9, 12 and 16 MeV electrons of nominal energies in which the dose-response curves were obtained and the surface and depth doses were determined. The thermoluminescent response dependency with the electron nominal energies and the applied phantom were studied. The CaS0 4 :Dy presented the same behaviour than the LiF:Mg,Ti in such a way that its application as an alternative to the TLD-100 pellets in the radiation therapy dosimetry of electron beams is viable and presents the significantly higher sensitivity to the electron radiation as its main advantage. (author)

  18. Evaluation of reactor induced (n,p) reactions for activation analysis of titanium in geological materials

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Espinosa Garcia, R; Cohen, I M [Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica, Buenos Aires (Argentina)

    1984-05-01

    The possibilities of reactor induced (n,p) reactions as a tool for neutron activation analysis of titanium in geological samples are discussed. The interference of calcium and scandium is experimentally evaluated. Results for Ti, Ca and Sc in GSP-1 and PCC-1 standard rocks are presented. Based on the experimental values, it is concluded that the /sup 47/Ti(n,p)/sup 47/Sc reaction is the most favourable for titanium determination. 11 refs.

  19. SC*994C>T causes the Sc(null) phenotype in Pacific Islanders and successful transfusion of Sc3+ blood to a patient with anti-Sc3.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Reid, Marion E; Hue-Roye, Kim; Velliquette, Randall W; Larimore, Kathleen; Moscarelli, Sue; Ohswaldt, Nicolas; Lomas-Francis, Christine

    2013-01-01

    Antigens in the SC blood group system are expressed by the human erythrocyte membrane-associated protein (ERMAP).Two molecular bases have been reported for the Sc,un phenotype:SC*307del2 and SC*994C>T. We report our investigation of the molecular background of five Sc,n1 individuals from the Pacific Islands and describe the successful transfusion of Sc3+ blood to a patient with anti-Sc3 in her plasma. SC (ERMAP) exons 2,3, and 12 and their flanking intronic regions were analyzed. TheSC*994C>T change introduces a restriction enzyme cleavage site for Tsp45I, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products from exon 12 were subjected to this PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay. The five samples had the variant SC*994T/T. One sample, from a first cousin of one Marshallese proband, was heterozygous for SC*1514C/T (in the 3' untranslated region); the other four samples were SC*1514C/C(consensus sequence). Samples from white donors (n = 100) and African American donors (n = 99) were tested using the Tsp45IPCR-RFLP assay; all gave a banding pattern that was consistent with the SC*994C/C consensus sequence. In all five samples,our analyses showed homozygosity for the nonsense nucleotide change SC*994C>Tin an allele carrying the nucleotide associated with SLd. Further investigation determined that one of the probands reported previously with the SC*994C>T change was from the Marshall Islands (which form part of the Micronesian Pacific Islands) and the other was from an unspecified location within the large collection of Pacific Islands. Taken together, the five known probands with the SC*994C>T silencing nucleotide change were from the Pacific Islands.

  20. Determination of trace elements of some Egyptian crops by instrumental neutron activation, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometric and flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometric analysis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Awadallah, R.M.; Sherif, M.K.; Amrallah, A.H.; Grass, F.

    1986-01-01

    INAA was used for the determination of Al, Br, Ca, Ce, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Eu, Fe, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Ti, Th, V and Zn, ICP-AES for the determination of Al, Ag, Ba, Be, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Sc, Sr, Ti, V and Zn, and flameless AAS for the determination of Cd, Hg and Pb in egg plant, potatoes, green pepper (Leguminosae), vegetable marrow (Cucurbitaceae), pears, apple (Rosaceae), castor oil plant (Euphorbiaceae), lettuce (compositae), dill, parsley, coriander (Umbelliferae), and in some soil samples collected from Aswan province. (author)

  1. Stability, elastic properties and fracture toughness of Al0.75X0.75B14 (X=Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo) investigated using ab initio calculations

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Emmerlich, Jens; Thieme, Niklas; To Baben, Moritz; Music, Denis; Schneider, Jochen M

    2013-01-01

    The effect of the transition metal valence electron concentration on the energy of formation, effective charge of B icosahedra, elastic properties, surface energy and fracture toughness was calculated using density functional theory for icosahedral transition metal borides of AlXB 14 (X=Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo). Consistent with previous work on AlYB 14 (Kölpin et al 2009 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 21 355006) it is shown that phase stability is generally dependent on the effective charge of the icosahedral transition metal borides. Also, ionization potential and electronegativity are identified as parameters affecting the effective charge of B icosahedra suitable for use in predicting the phase stability. Al 0.75 Y 0.75 B 14 , Al 0.75 Sc 0.75 B 14 and Al 0.75 Zr 0.75 B 14 have been identified as promising phases for application as protective coatings as they exhibit high phase stability and stiffness combined with a comparatively high fracture toughness. (paper)

  2. Effect of defect on the nonlinear and dielectric property of Ca{sub (1–x)}Sr{sub x}Cu{sub 3}Ti{sub 4}O{sub 12} ceramics synthesized by sol–gel process

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Li, Tao; Liu, Dewei; Dai, Haiyang; Xiang, Huiwen [Department of Technology and Physics, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002 (China); Chen, Zhenping, E-mail: chaodaotai@126.com [Department of Technology and Physics, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002 (China); He, Huifang; Chen, Zhiquan [Department of Physics, Hubei Nuclear Solid Physics Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072 (China)

    2014-06-25

    Highlights: • Ca{sub (1−x)}Sr{sub x}Cu{sub 3}Ti{sub 4}O{sub 12} ceramics are synthesized by sol–gel process. • Positron annihilation lifetime spectra is used to investigate the defects of samples. • Nonlinear and dielectric properties are controlled by density and defects of samples. - Abstract: Ca{sub (1−x)}Sr{sub x}Cu{sub 3}Ti{sub 4}O{sub 12} (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4) ceramics are synthesized by sol–gel process. The XRD patterns show that weak peaks of Sr{sub 4}Ti{sub 3}O{sub 10}, TiO{sub 2} and Ca{sub 1.7}Sr{sub 0.3}CuO{sub 3} begin to appear at x ⩾ 0.2. Sr-doping is conductive to increase the density and reduce the defect concentration Ca{sub (1−x)}Sr{sub x}Cu{sub 3}Ti{sub 4}O{sub 12} ceramics as x ⩽ 0.15. With increasing x (0.2 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.4), Sr-doping reduces the density and enhances the concentration of defects for the ceramics. The nonlinear coefficient value increases and reaches a maximum 13.5 at x = 0.15, and then decreases gradually with increasing x. The dielectric properties demonstrate that, as x ⩽ 0.15, Sr-doping not only increases the dielectric permittivity value and decreases the dielectric loss but also reduces the dependence on frequency at low frequencies. With increasing x (0.2 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.4), Sr-doping begins to lead to an inverse result in dielectric behaviors. The nonlinear and dielectric properties of Ca{sub (1−x)}Sr{sub x}Cu{sub 3}Ti{sub 4}O{sub 12} ceramics are directly controlled by the density and defects.

  3. Photoluminescence characteristics of Li-doped CaTiO{sub 3}:Pr{sup 3+} thin films grown on Si (100) substrate by PLD

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Yang, Hyun Kyoung; Chung, Jong Won; Moon, Byung Kee; Choi, Byung Chun [Department of Physics, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737 (Korea, Republic of); Jeong, Jung Hyun, E-mail: jhjeong@pknu.ac.k [Department of Physics, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737 (Korea, Republic of); Jang, Ki-wan; Lee, Ho Sueb [Department of Physics, Changwon National University, Changwon 641-773 (Korea, Republic of); Yi, Soung Soo [Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Silla University, Busan, 617-736 (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Kwang Ho [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735 (Korea, Republic of)

    2010-09-01

    The effects of Li-doped CaTiO{sub 3}:Pr{sup 3+} thin films have been investigated by varying the lithium ion concentrations from 0 to 5 wt.%. The films have been deposited on Si (100) substrate using a pulsed laser deposition technique. Structural properties of these films have been studied by the measurement of their XRD, SEM, and AFM. The variation of Li{sup +} concentration influences the crystallinity and surface morphology of the CaTiO{sub 3}:Pr{sup 3+} thin films. As Li{sup +} content increases from 0 to 1 wt.%, the crystallinity and intensity of emission increases. The dominant emission is from {sup 1}D{sub 2} {yields} {sup 3}H{sub 4} transition at 613 nm. The {sup 1}D{sub 2} emission quenching has also been observed in highly doped sample and is related to the cross-relaxation process between Pr{sup 3+} ions.

  4. Sc-W-Si and Sc-W-Ge ternary systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kotur, B.Ya.; Voznyak, O.M.; Bodak, O.I.

    1989-01-01

    Phase equilibria in Sc-W-Si and Sc-W-Ge ternary systems are investigated at 1070 K. Sc 2+x W 3-x Si 4 ternary compound (0≤x≤1) is determined, its crystal structure (Ce 2 Sc 3 Si 4 structural type), as well as, change of elementary cell parameters and microhardness within homogeneity range are determined. Regularities of component interaction within Sc-M-Si(Ge) (M-Cr, Mo, W) ternary system are determined. Ternary systems with Mo and W are more closer to each other according to the phase equilibria character, than to ternary systems with Cr

  5. Low Cost CaTiO3 Perovskite Synthesized from Scallop (Anadara granosa) Shell as Antibacterial Ceramic Material

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fatimah, Is; Nur Ilahi, Rico; Pratami, Rismayanti

    2018-01-01

    Research on perovskite CaTiO3 synthesis from scallop (Anadara granosa) shell and its test as material for antibacterial ceramic application have been conducted. The synthesis was performed by calcium extraction from the scallop shell followed by solid-solid reaction of obtained calcium with TiO2. Physicochemical character of the perovskite wasstudied by measurement of crystallinity using x-ray diffraction (XRD), diffuse-reflectance UV Visible spectrophotometry, scanning electrone microscope-energy dispersive x-ray (SEM-EDX) and Fourier-Transform InfraRed. Considering the future application of the perovskite as antibacterial agent, laboratory test of the peroskite as material in antibacterial ceramic preparation was also conducted. Result of research indicated that perovskite formation was obtained and the material demonstrated photocatalytic activity as identified by band gap energy (Eg) value. The significant activity was also reflected by the antibacterial action of formed ceramic.

  6. High homogeneity powder of Ti-Ba-Ca-Cu-O (2223) prepared by Freeze-Drying method

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Al-Shakarchi, Emad Kh.; Toma, Ziad A.

    1999-01-01

    Full text.Homogeneous high temerature superconductor ceramic powder of TI-Ba-Ca-Cu-O with transition temperature [Tc=123K] have been successfully prepared from the mixture of nitrate salts [TlNO 3 , Ba(NO 3 ) 2 , Ca(NO 3 ) 2 .4H 2 O and Cu(NO 3 ) 2 .3H 2 O] by using freeze-drying method. Freeze-dryer that was used in this work designed locally in our laboratory. This technique consider a better to get a fine powder of ceramic materials by depending on the procedure of frozen droplets with present of liquid nitrogen. SEM pictures showed the size of grains of about [0.8 μm]. We conclude that the high sintering temperature, for the prepared powders in this technique, for long time [120 hrs] will increase the inter diffusion between the grains ahich caused the decreasing in the density of the sample which may be given a better results than the obtained in a previous works

  7. Synthesis and characterization of Zn-Ti layered double hydroxide intercalated with cinnamic acid for cosmetic application

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Yong; Tang, Liping; Ma, Xinxu; Wang, Xinrui; Zhou, Wei; Bai, Dongsheng

    2017-08-01

    The use of sunscreen is recently growing and their efficacy and safety must be taken into account since they are applied on the skin frequently. In this work, an organic ultraviolet (UV) ray absorbent, cinnamic acid (CA) was intercalated into Zn-Ti layered double hydroxide (LDH) by anion-exchange reaction. ZnTi-CA-LDH, a new type of host-guest UV-blocking material has been synthesized. Detailed structural and surface morphology of ZnTi-CA-LDH were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, SEM and TEM. ZnTi-CA-LDH exhibits a superior UV blocking ability compared to pure CA and ZnTi-CO3-LDH. The thermal stability of the intercalated ZnTi-CA-LDH was investigated by TG-DTA, which showed that the thermostability of CA was markedly enhanced after intercalation into ZnTi-CO3-LDH. The EPR data showed greatly decreased photocatalytic activity compared to common inorganic UV blocking agents TiO2 and ZnO. Furthermore, the sample was formulated in a sunscreen cream to study the matrix protective effect towards UV rays.

  8. TiO2-BASED Composite Films for the Photodegradation of Oxytetracycline

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Hui; Guan, Ling-Xiao; Feng, Ji-Jun; Li, Fang; Yao, Ming-Ming

    2015-02-01

    The spread of the antibiotic oxytetracycline (OTC) has been thought as a threat to the safety of drinking water. In this paper, the photocatalytic activity of the nanocrystalline Fe/Ca co-doped TiO2-SiO2 composite film for the degradation of OTC was studied. The films were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms, photoluminescence (PL) spectra, and UV-Vis diffraction reflectance absorption spectra (DRS). The FE-SEM results indicated that the Fe/Ca co-doped TiO2-SiO2 film was composed of smaller nanoparticles compared to pure TiO2 or TiO2-SiO2 film. The BET surface area results showed that the specific surface area of the pure TiO2, TiO2-SiO2 and Ca2+/Fe3+ co-doped TiO2-SiO2 is 118.3 m2g-1, 294.3 m2g-1 and 393.7 m2g-1, respectively. The DRS and PL spectra revealed that the Fe/Ca co-doped TiO2-SiO2 film had strong visible light adsorption and diminished electrons/holes recombination. Experimental results showed that the Fe/Ca co-doped TiO2-SiO2 film is effective in the degradation of OTC under both UV and visible light irradiation.

  9. Assessment of CaSO{sub 4}:Dy and LiF:Mg,Ti thermoluminescent dosimeters performance in the dosimetry of clinical electron beams; Avaliacao do desempenho dos detectores termoluminesncetes de CaSO{sub 4}:Dy e LiF:Mg,Ti na dosimetria de feixes clinicos de eletrons

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Nunes, Maira Goes

    2008-07-01

    The assessment of the performance of CaS0{sub 4}:Dy thermoluminescent detectors produced by IPEN in the dosimetry of clinical electron beams aims to propose an alternative to the LiF:Mg,Ti commercial dosimeters (TLD-100) largely applied in radiation therapy. The two types of thermoluminescent dosimeters were characterised with the use of PMMA, RMI-457 type solid water and water phantoms in radiation fields of 4, 6, 9, 12 and 16 MeV electrons of nominal energies in which the dose-response curves were obtained and the surface and depth doses were determined. The thermoluminescent response dependency with the electron nominal energies and the applied phantom were studied. The CaS0{sub 4}:Dy presented the same behaviour than the LiF:Mg,Ti in such a way that its application as an alternative to the TLD-100 pellets in the radiation therapy dosimetry of electron beams is viable and presents the significantly higher sensitivity to the electron radiation as its main advantage. (author)

  10. Fermilab's SC Accelerator Magnet Program for Future U.S. HEP Facilities

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lamm, Michael; Zlobin, Alexander

    2010-01-01

    The invention of SC accelerator magnets in the 1970s opened wide the possibilities for advancing the energy frontier of particle accelerators, while limiting the machine circumference and reducing their energy consumption. The successful development of SC accelerator magnets based on NbTi superconductor have made possible a proton-antiproton collider (Tevatron) at Fermilab, an electron-proton collider (HERA) at DESY, a relativistic heavy ion collider (RHIC) at BNL and recently a proton-proton collider (LHC) at CERN. Further technological innovations and inventions are required as the US HEP looks forward towards the post-LHC energy or/and intensity frontiers. A strong, goal oriented national SC accelerator magnet program must take on this challenge to provide a strong base for the future of HEP in the U.S. The results and experience obtained by Fermilab during the past 30 years will allow us to play a leadership role in the SC accelerator magnet development in the U.S., in particular, focusing on magnets for a Muon Collider/Neutrino Factory (1)-(2). In this paper, we summarize the required Muon Collider magnet needs and challenges, summarize the technology advances in the Fermilab accelerator magnet development over the past few years, and present and discuss our vision and long-term plans for these Fermilab-supported accelerator initiatives.

  11. DFT investigation of NH{sub 3}, PH{sub 3}, and AsH{sub 3} adsorptions on Sc-, Ti-, V-, and Cr-doped single-walled carbon nanotubes

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Buasaeng, Prayut; Rakrai, Wandee [Computational Chemistry Center for Nanotechnology and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44000 (Thailand); Wanno, Banchob [Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry and Supramolecular Chemistry Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44150 (Thailand); Tabtimsai, Chanukorn, E-mail: tabtimsai.c@gmail.com [Computational Chemistry Center for Nanotechnology and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44000 (Thailand)

    2017-04-01

    Highlights: • Transition metal-doped single wall carbon nanotubes and their adsorption with NH{sub 3}, PH{sub 3} and AsH{sub 3} molecules were investigated using a DFT method. • Adsorptions of NH{sub 3}, PH{sub 3} and AsH{sub 3} molecules on pristine single wall carbon nanotubeswere improved by transition metal doping. • Structural and electronic properties of single wall carbon nanotubes were significantly changed by transition metal doping and gas adsorptions. - Abstract: The adsorption properties of ammonia (NH{sub 3}), phosphine (PH{sub 3}), and arsine (AsH{sub 3}) on pristine and transition metal- (TM = Sc, Ti, V, and Cr) doped (5,5) armchair single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were theoretically investigated. The geometric and electronic properties and adsorption abilities for the most stable configuration of NH{sub 3}, PH{sub 3}, and AsH{sub 3} adsorptions on pristine and TM-doped SWCNTs were calculated. It was found that the binding abilities of TMs to the SWCNT were in the order: Cr > V > Sc > Ti. However, the adsorption energy showed that the pristine SWCNT weakly adsorbed gas molecules and its electronic properties were also insensitive to gas molecules. By replacing a C atom with TM atoms, all doping can significantly enhance the adsorption energy of gas/SWCNT complexes and their adsorption ability was in the same order: NH{sub 3} > PH{sub 3} > AsH{sub 3}. A remarkable increase in adsorption energy and charge transfer of these systems was expected to induce significant changes in the electrical conductivity of the TM-doped SWCNTs. This work revealed that the sensitivity of SWCNT-based chemical gas adsorptions and sensors can be greatly improved by introducing an appropriate TM dopant. Accordingly, TM-doped SWCNTs are more suitable for gas molecule adsorptions and detections than the pristine SWCNT.

  12. Mn-Doped CaBi4Ti4O15/Pb(Zr,TiO3 Ultrasonic Transducers for Continuous Monitoring at Elevated Temperatures

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Makiko Kobayashi

    2017-11-01

    Full Text Available Continuous ultrasonic in-situ monitoring for industrial applications is difficult owing to the high operating temperatures in industrial fields. It is expected that ultrasonic transducers consisting of a CaBi4Ti4O15(CBT/Pb(Zr,TiO3(PZT sol-gel composite could be one solution for ultrasonic nondestructive testing (NDT above 500 °C because no couplant is required and CBT has a high Curie temperature. To verify the high temperature durability, CBT/PZT sol-gel composite films were fabricated on titanium substrates by spray coating, and the CBT/PZT samples were tested in a furnace at various temperatures. Reflected echoes with a high signal-to-noise ratio were observed up to 600 °C. A thermal cycle test was conducted from room temperature to 600 °C, and no significant deterioration was found after the second thermal cycle. To investigate the long-term high-temperature durability, a CBT/PZT ultrasonic transducer was tested in the furnace at 600 °C for 36 h. Ultrasonic responses were recorded every 3 h, and the sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio were stable throughout the experiment.

  13. First measurement of the nonlinear coefficient for Gd1-xLux Ca4O(BO3)3 and Gd1-xScxCa4O(BO3)3 crystals

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Andersen, Martin Thalbitzer; Mortensen, Jesper Liltorp; Germershausen, Sven

    2007-01-01

    The effective nonlinear coefficient and temperature acceptance bandwidth of three Lu and Sc co-doped GdCa4O(B03)3 type nonlinear crystals were measured. NCPM for SHG in to the blue-UV spectral region can be obtained by controlling the co-dopant concentration. Measurements were based on intra-cavi...

  14. Blue photoluminescence in Ti-doped alkaline-earth stannates

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yamashita, Takahiro; Ueda, Kazushige

    2007-01-01

    Blue photoluminescence properties of Ti-doped alkaline-earth stannates, A 2 (Sn 1- x Ti x )O 4 (A=Ca, Sr, Ba) (x=0.005-0.15), were examined at room temperature. These stannates showed intense broad emission bands peaking at 445 nm for Ca 2 SnO 4 , at 410 nm for Sr 2 SnO 4 , and at 425 nm for Ba 2 SnO 4 under UV excitation. Emission intensities were relatively insensitive to Ti concentration and no sharp concentration quenching was observed. Mixing alkaline-earth ions in the crystal structures did not increase the emission intensities in the A 2 (Sn 1- x Ti x )O 4 system. The excitation spectra of these stannates exhibited broad bands just below the fundamental absorption edges, implying that luminescence centers do not consist of the component elements in the host materials. It was suggested that the isolated TiO 6 complexes are possible luminescence centers in these materials, as previously proposed in other Ti-doped stannates such as Mg 2 SnO 4 and Y 2 Sn 2 O 7 . - Graphical abstract: Blue photoluminescence properties of Ti-doped alkaline-earth stannates, A 2 (Sn 1- x Ti x )O 4 (A=Ca, Sr, Ba) (x=0.005-0.15), were examined at room temperature. These stannates showed intense broad emission bands peaking at 445 nm for Ca 2 SnO 4 , at 410 nm for Sr 2 SnO 4 , and at 425 nm for Ba 2 SnO 4 under UV excitation

  15. The temporoammonic input to the hippocampal CA1 region displays distinctly different synaptic plasticity compared to the Schaffer collateral input in vivo: significance for synaptic information processing

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ayla eAksoy Aksel

    2013-08-01

    Full Text Available In terms of its sub-regional differentiation, the hippocampal CA1 region receives cortical information directly via the perforant (temporoammonic path (pp-CA1 synapse and indirectly via the tri-synaptic pathway where the last relay station is the Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapse (Sc-CA1 synapse. Research to date on pp-CA1 synapses has been conducted predominantly in vitro and never in awake animals, but these studies hint that information processing at this synapse might be distinct to processing at the Sc-CA1 synapse. Here, we characterized synaptic properties and synaptic plasticity at the pp-CA1 synapse of freely behaving adult rats. We established that field excitatory postsynaptic potentials at the pp-CA1 have longer onset latencies and a shorter time-to-peak compared to the Sc-CA1 synapse. LTP (> 24h was successfully evoked by tetanic afferent stimulation of pp-CA1 synapses. Low frequency stimulation evoked synaptic depression at Sc-CA1 synapses, but did not elicit LTD at pp-CA1 synapses unless the Schaffer collateral afferents to the CA1 region had been severed. Paired-pulse responses also showed significant differences. Our data suggest that synaptic plasticity at the pp-CA1 synapse is distinct from the Sc-CA1 synapse and that this may reflect its specific role in hippocampal information processing.

  16. Structural and thermal characterization of La5Ca9Cu24O41 thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition on (1 1 0) SrTiO3 substrates

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Svoukis, E.; Athanasopoulos, G.I.; Altantzis, Th.; Lioutas, Ch.; Martin, R.S.; Revcolevschi, A.; Giapintzakis, J.

    2012-01-01

    In the present study stoichiometric, b-axis oriented La 5 Ca 9 Cu 24 O 41 thin films were grown by pulsed laser deposition on (1 1 0) SrTiO 3 substrates in the temperature range 600–750 °C. High resolution transmission electron microscopy was employed to investigate the growth mechanism and the epitaxial relationship between the SrTiO 3 substrates and the La 5 Ca 9 Cu 24 O 41 films grown at 700 °C. The 3-ω method was used to measure the cross-plane thermal conductivity of La 5 Ca 9 Cu 24 O 41 films in the temperature range 50–350 K. The observed glass-like behavior is attributed to atomic-scale defects, grain boundaries and an interfacial layer formed between film and substrate.

  17. Atom probe tomographic studies of precipitation in Al-0.1Zr-0.1Ti (at.%) alloys.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Knipling, Keith E; Dunand, David C; Seidman, David N

    2007-12-01

    Atom probe tomography was utilized to measure directly the chemical compositions of Al(3)(Zr(1)-(x)Ti(x)) precipitates with a metastable L1(2) structure formed in Al-0.1Zr-0.1Ti (at.%) alloys upon aging at 375 degrees C or 425 degrees C. The alloys exhibit an inhomogeneous distribution of Al(3)(Zr(1)-(x)Ti(x)) precipitates, as a result of a nonuniform dendritic distribution of solute atoms after casting. At these aging temperatures, the Zr:Ti atomic ratio in the precipitates is about 10 and 5, respectively, indicating that Ti remains mainly in solid solution rather than partitioning to the Al(3)(Zr(1)-(x)Ti(x)) precipitates. This is interpreted as being due to the very small diffusivity of Ti in alpha-Al, consistent with prior studies on Al-Sc-Ti and Al-Sc-Zr alloys, where the slower diffusing Zr and Ti atoms make up a small fraction of the Al(3)(Zr(1)-(x)Ti(x)) precipitates. Unlike those alloys, however, the present Al-Zr-Ti alloys exhibit no interfacial segregation of Ti at the matrix/precipitate heterophase interface, a result that may be affected by a significant disparity in the evaporation fields of the alpha-Al matrix and Al(3)(Zr(1)-(x)Ti(x)) precipitates and/or a lack of local thermodynamic equilibrium at the interface.

  18. Synthesis of CaTiO3:Pr persistent phosphors by a modified solid-state reaction

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yin Shengyu; Chen Donghua; Tang Wanjun; Peng Yuhua

    2007-01-01

    Using tetra-n-butyl titanate and calcium nitrate as raw materials, the praseodymium-doped calcium titanates have been synthesized via a modified solid-state reaction. The decomposition process of the precursor, crystallization, and particle sizes of CaTiO 3 :Pr have been investigated by using thermal analysis, powder X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TG-DTG curves and X-ray diffraction analysis indicate that crystalline calcium titanate has been synthesized at calcining temperature of 600 deg. C for 2 h. Photoluminescence and decay curves show that the sample obtained at the sintering temperature of 900 deg. C exhibited the optimal luminous property

  19. sup 4 sup 4 Ti atom counting for nuclear astrophysics

    CERN Document Server

    Hui, S K; Berkovits, D; Boaretto, E; Ghelberg, S; Hass, M; Hershkowitz, A; Navon, E

    2000-01-01

    The nuclide sup 4 sup 4 Ti (T sub 1 sub / sub 2 =59.2 yr) has recently become an important asset to nuclear astrophysics through the measurement of its cosmic radioactivity, yielding significant information on fresh sup 4 sup 4 Ti nucleosynthesis in supernovae. We propose to use AMS to determine the production rate of sup 4 sup 4 Ti by the main channel believed to be responsible for sup 4 sup 4 Ti astrophysical production, namely sup 4 sup 0 Ca(alpha,gamma). A preliminary experiment conducted at the Koffler 14UD Pelletron accelerator demonstrates a sensitivity of 1x10 sup - sup 1 sup 4 for the sup 4 sup 4 Ti/Ti ratio. The AMS detection was performed using sup 4 sup 4 Ti sup - ions sputtered from a TiO sub 2 sample, reducing considerably the sup 4 sup 4 Ca isobaric interference. The present limit corresponds effectively to sup 4 sup 4 Ti production with resonance strength in the range 10-100 meV for a one-day sup 4 sup 0 Ca(alpha,gamma) activation. Several such resonances are known to be responsible for sup 4 ...

  20. Effect of TiO2 on thermal, structural and third-order nonlinear optical properties of Ca-La-B-O glass system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Biswas, Kaushik; Sontakke, Atul D.; Annapurna, K.

    2010-01-01

    A series of calcium lanthanum metaborate glasses in the composition (wt%) of 23.88CaO-28.33La 2 O 3 -47.79B 2 O 3 modified with TiO 2 up to 20 wt% are prepared by a melt quenching technique to study the influence of TiO 2 on their thermal, structural, linear and nonlinear optical properties. The differential thermal analysis (DTA) studies have demonstrated significant effects due to the presence of TiO 2 on the glass forming ability and crystallization situations. The glass with 15 wt% TiO 2 has achieved a eutectic composition and also exhibited a better glass forming ability among the glasses studied. The FT-IR spectra of these glasses show mainly vibration modes corresponding to stretching of BO 3 trigonal, BO 4 tetrahedral units and of B-O-B bending bonds. At higher concentrations of TiO 2 , development of vibration band around 400 cm -1 has indicated the formation of TiO 6 structural units in the glass network. The red shift of optical absorption edge (UV cutoff) shows a monotonous decrease in direct and indirect optical band gap energies (E opt ) with an increase of TiO 2 content in the glasses based on their absorption spectra. The optical transparency of these glasses is found to be varied from 64 to 87% within the wavelength range 450-1100 nm depending on the TiO 2 content. Besides these studies, linear refractive indices, the nonlinear optical properties of these glasses have also been evaluated.

  1. Growth of Ca, Zr co-doped BaTiO3 lead-free ferroelectric single crystal and its room-temperature piezoelectricity

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Donglin Liu

    2017-09-01

    Full Text Available Lead-free Ca, Zr co-doped BaTiO3 (BCZT single crystal with a dimension up to 2mm×2mm×2mm was grown by a spontaneous nucleation technique using KF as the flux. The composition of the studied single crystal was defined to be Ba0.798Ca0.202Zr0.006Ti0.994O3, corresponding to a tetragonal phase at room temperature. The oriented single crystal exhibited a quasi-static piezoelectric constant of approximately 232 pC/N. The effective piezoelectric coefficient d33* of the single domain crystal obtained under a unipolar electric field of 35 kV/cm was 179 pm/V. Rayleigh analysis was used to identify the intrinsic and extrinsic contributions to the room-temperature piezoelectricity of BCZT single crystal. The extrinsic contribution was estimated up to 40% due to the irreversible domain wall movement. Furthermore a sixth-order polynomial of Landau expansion was employed to analyze the intrinsic contribution to piezoelectricity of BCZT single crystal. The large energy barriers inhibited polarization rotations, leading to the relatively low piezoelectricity.

  2. TiO2 micro-flowers composed of nanotubes and their application to dye-sensitized solar cells

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kim, Woong-Rae; Park, Hun; Choi, Won-Youl

    2014-02-01

    TiO2 micro-flowers were made to bloom on Ti foil by the anodic oxidation of Ti-protruding dots with a cylindrical shape. Arrays of the Ti-protruding dots were prepared by photolithography, which consisted of coating the photoresists, attaching a patterned mask, illuminating with UV light, etching the Ti surface by reactive ion etching (RIE), and stripping the photoresist on the Ti foil. The procedure for the blooming of the TiO2 micro-flowers was analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) as the anodizing time was increased. Photoelectrodes of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) were fabricated using TiO2 micro-flowers. Bare TiO2 nanotube arrays were used for reference samples. The short-circuit current ( J sc) and the power conversion efficiency of the DSCs based on the TiO2 micro-flowers were 4.340 mA/cm2 and 1.517%, respectively. These values of DSCs based on TiO2 micro-flowers were higher than those of bare samples. The TiO2 micro-flowers had a larger surface area for dye adsorption compared to bare TiO2 nanotube arrays, resulting in improved J sc characteristics. The structure of the TiO2 micro-flowers allowed it to adsorb dyes very effectively, also demonstrating the potential to achieve higher power conversion efficiency levels for DSCs compared to a bare TiO2 nanotube array structure and the conventional TiO2 nanoparticle structure.

  3. Formation Mechanism and Dispersion of Pseudo-Tetragonal BaTiO3-PVP Nanoparticles from Different Titanium Precursors: TiCl4 and TiO2

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jinhui Li

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available Nano-sized tetragonal BaTiO3 (BT particles that are well dispersed in solution are essential for the dielectric layer in multilayer ceramic capacitor technology. A hydrothermal process using TiCl4 and BaCl2, as source of Ti and Ba, respectively, or the precursor TiO2 as seed for the formation of BT, and poly(vinylpyrrolidone (PVP as a surfactant, was employed in this study to enhance both the dispersibility and tetragonality (c/a simultaneously in a single reaction process. The process parameters, i.e., the ratio of TiO2 substitution of TiCl4, the reaction time, and PVP content were systematically studied, and the growth mechanism and relation between the tetragonality and the particle size are discussed. Dynamic light scattering (DLS analysis was used to show that truncated pseudo-tetragonal BT-PVP particles with an average size of 100 nm, having a narrow size distribution and a coefficient of variation (CV as low as 20% and being mono-dispersed in water, were produced. The narrow particle size distribution is attributed to the ability of PVP to inhibit the growth of BT particles, and the high c/a of BT-PVP to heterogeneous particle growth using TiO2 seeds.

  4. Trapping of oxygen vacancies on twin walls of CaTiO3: a computer simulation study

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Calleja, Mark; Dove, Martin T; Salje, Ekhard K H

    2003-01-01

    We have studied the atomic structure of [001] 90 deg. rotation twin walls in orthorhombic CaTiO 3 (symmetry Pbnm) at low temperature (10 K) and their effects on oxygen vacancies. The wall thickness was found to be 2.3 nm at T || T c and it was found that it is energetically favourable for such vacancies to reside in the wall, particularly when bridging titania ions in the (001) plane. The binding energy of an oxygen vacancy in the wall with respect to the bulk is calculated to be ≤ 1.2 eV

  5. N = 3 - 3 Transitions of Ne-like Ions in the Iron Group, Especially Ca(10+) and Ti(12+)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ishikawa, Y; Encarnacion, J L; Trabert, E

    2008-10-09

    The Ti XIII 2s{sup 2}2p{sup 5}3l-3l{prime} and 2s2p{sup 6}3l-3l{prime} transitions that have been discussed previously on the basis of beam-foil spectra and laser-produced plasmas in comparison to semi-empirically scaled computations have now been treated by accurate ab initio Multi-reference Moller-Plesset calculations. While most 2s{sup 2}2p{sup 5}3l-3l{prime} line identifications are supported by the new calculations, the 2s2p{sup 6}3l-3l{prime} transition arrays are revised. Theoretical level positions are given for all elements from Ca through Fe. The quality of the calculation is demonstrated on the beam-foil spectra of Ca.

  6. Influence of CaCO3, Al2O3, and TiO2 microfillers on physico-mechanical properties of Luffa cylindrica/polyester composites

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vinay Kumar Patel

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available The development of natural fibre reinforced polymer composites has gained popularity in many applications due to their environment friendly characteristics over the synthetic fibre based polymer composites. This paper describes the fabrication and physical, mechanical, three-body abrasive wear and water absorption behaviour of Luffa fibre reinforced polyester composites with and without addition of micro-fillers of Al2O3, CaCO3 and TiO2. The ranking of the composite materials has been made by using Technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS method with output parameters of their physical, mechanical and abrasive wear and water absorption attributes. The addition of microfillers has enhanced greatly the physical and mechanical properties of Luffa-fibre based composites. The addition of microfillers has influenced the physico-mechanical properties of Luffa-fibre based polyester composites in descending order of CaCO3, Al2O3, and TiO2.

  7. Enhanced ferro-and piezoelectric properties of Bi4Ti3O12-CaBi4Ti4O15 thin film on Pt(111)/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yan, J.; Hu, G. D.

    2018-05-01

    Bi4Ti3O12-CaBi4Ti4O15 (BT-CBTi) film was fabricated on Pt(111)/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate by the sol-gel method. The intergrowth structure was demonstrated to be obtained both in the film and corresponding powder sample according to x-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. The good fatigue resistance as well as a strong charge-retaining ability can be obtained in the intergrowth BT-CBTi film. The remanent polarization (P r ) and coercive field (E c ) for BT-CBTi film was about 28 μC cm‑2 and 150 kV cm‑1 under an electric field of 540 kV cm‑1, respectively. The P r value of purely (100)-oriented BT-CBTi film can be roughly estimated to be higher than 50 μC cm‑2 based on both the volume fraction of (100)-oriented grains and the piezoelectric properties. The P r value of BT-CBTi film is about 50 μC cm‑2 under an electric field of 1100 kV cm‑1 in predominently (100)-oriented BT-CBTi film. It means that it is reasonable to predict the performance of (100)-oriented BT-CBTi films based on the ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of the polycrystalline BT-CBTi film. The spontaneous polarization is larger than 80 μC cm‑2 under an electric field of 1100 kV cm‑1.

  8. Magnetic behavior of La2/3Ca1/3MnO3 / BaTiO3 bilayers

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ordonez, John E.; Gomez, Maria E.; Lopera, Wilson; Marin, Lorena; Pardo, Jose A.; Morellon, Luis; Algarabel, Pedro; Prieto, Pedro

    2013-03-01

    We have grown ferroelectric BaTiO3(BTO) and ferromagnetic La2/3Ca1/3MnO3 (LCMO) onto (001) SrTiO3 and Nb:SrTiO3 by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) at pure oxygen atmosphere, and a substrate temperature of 820° C, seeking for a multiferroic behavior in this structure. From x-ray diffraction (XRD) we found lattice parameter aBTO=4.068 Å, and aLCMO=3.804 Å, for each individual layer. In the BTO/LCMO bilayer, (002)-Bragg peak for BTO maintain its position whereas (002) LCMO peak shift to lower Bragg angle indicating a strained LCMO film. Magnetization measurements reveal an increase in the Curie temperature from 170 K to 220 K for the bilayer when LCMO (t = 47 nm) is deposited on BTO (t=52 nm) film, while depositing the BTO (50 nm) above LCMO (48 nm) the Curie temperature remains at values close to that obtained for a LCMO single layer (~175 K), deposited under identical growth parameters This work has been supported by Instituto de Nanociencias de Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain, ``El Patrimonio Autónomo Fondo Nacional de Financiamiento para CT&I FJC'' COLCIENCIAS-CENM Contract RC 275-2011 and Research Project COLCIENCIAS-UNIVALLE.

  9. Low sintering temperature and high piezoelectric properties of Li-doped (Ba,Ca)(Ti,Zr)O3 lead-free ceramics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chen, Xiaoming; Ruan, Xuezheng; Zhao, Kunyun; He, Xueqing; Zeng, Jiangtao; Li, Yongsheng; Zheng, Liaoying; Park, Chul Hong; Li, Guorong

    2015-01-01

    Highlights: • Li-doped Ba 0.85 Ca 0.15 Ti 0.9 Zr 0.1 O 3 (BCZT) lead-free piezoceramics were prepared by the two-step synthesis and solid-state reaction method. • Their sintering temperature decreases from about 1540 °C down to about 1400 °C. • With the proper addition of Li, the densities and grain sizes of ceramics increase. • The ceramics not only have the characteristics of hard piezoceramics but also possesses the features of soft piezoceramics at low sintering temperature. - Abstract: Li-doped Ba 0.85 Ca 0.15 Ti 0.9 Zr 0.1 O 3 (BCZT) lead-free piezoelectric ceramics were prepared by the two-step synthesis and the solid-state reaction method. The density and grain size of ceramics sufficiently increases by Li-doped sintering aid, and their sintering temperature decreases from about 1540 °C down to about 1400 °C. X-ray diffraction reveals that the phase structure of Li-doped BCTZ ceramics is changed with the sintering temperature, which is consistent with their phase transition observed by the temperature-dependent dielectric curves. The well-poled Li-doped BCZT ceramics show a high piezoelectric constant d 33 (512 pC/N) and a planar electromechanical coupling factor k p (0.49), which have the characteristics of soft Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 (PZT) piezoceramic, on the other hand, the mechanical quality factor Q m is about 190, which possesses the features of hard PZT piezoceramics. The enhanced properties of the Li-doped BCZT are explained by the combination of Li-doped effect and sintering effect on the microstructure and the phase transition around room temperature

  10. Density functional study of the stability and magnetic behaviour of Au{sub n}TM{sup +} clusters (TM=Au,Sc,Ti,V,Cr,Mn,Fe; 1{<=}n{<=}9)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Torres, M.B. [Dpto. de Matematicas y Computacion, Univ. de Burgos, Avda. de Cantabria s/n, 09006-Burgos (Spain); Fernandez, E.M.; Balbas, L.C. [Dpto. de Fisica Teorica, Univ. de Valladolid, Prado de la Magdalena s/n, 47011-Valladolid (Spain)

    2005-03-01

    We study the element- and size-dependent electron stability of Au{sub n}TM{sup +} clusters (TM=Sc,Ti,V,Cr,Mn,Fe,Au; 1{<=}n{<=}9) by means of first-principles density functional calculations. The interplay between the cluster atomic arrangements and their electronic and magnetic structure is investigated for the few lower energy isomeric-states in dependence of the TM-atom and its environment in the cluster. We explain the experimental magic-numbers, observed recently, as well as the trend of the impurity local magnetic moment in dependence with the size of the cluster and the position of the impurity in the host. (copyright 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim) (orig.)

  11. Dielectric and magnetic properties of xCoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}–(1 − x)[0.5Ba(Zr{sub 0.2}Ti{sub 0.8})O{sub 3}–0.5(Ba{sub 0.7}Ca{sub 0.3})TiO{sub 3}] composites

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Rani, Jyoti [Smart Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667 (India); Yadav, K.L., E-mail: klyadav35@yahoo.com [Smart Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667 (India); Prakash, Satya [Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667 (India)

    2014-12-15

    Highlights: • Spinel–perovskite xCoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}–(1 − x)(0.5Ba(Zr{sub 0.2}Ti{sub 0.8})O{sub 3}–0.5(Ba{sub 0.7}Ca{sub 0.3})TiO{sub 3}) composites have been synthesized by solid state reaction method. • Two anomalies in dielectric constant have been identified, and the composites show relaxor behaviour. • The magnetic properties of the composites improve with increasing concentration of CoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}. • Enhanced magnetodielectric effect is found, and magnetoelectric coupling has been confirmed by Δϵ ∼ γM{sup 2} relation. • Optical band gap energy of these composites has been reported for the first time. - Abstract: xCoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}–(1 − x)(0.5Ba(Zr{sub 0.2}Ti{sub 0.8})O{sub 3}–0.5(Ba{sub 0.7}Ca{sub 0.3})TiO{sub 3}) composites with x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 have been synthesized by solid state reaction method. X-ray diffraction analysis and field emission secondary electron microscopy have been used for structural and morphological analysis, respectively. The spinel CoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} and perovskite 0.5Ba(Zr{sub 0.2}Ti{sub 0.8})O{sub 3}–0.5(Ba{sub 0.7}Ca{sub 0.3})TiO{sub 3} phase could be identified in the composites. Two anomalies in dielectric constant have been identified: first one is close to ferroelectric to paraelectric phase transition of 0.5Ba(Zr{sub 0.2}Ti{sub 0.8})O{sub 3}–0.5(Ba{sub 0.7}Ca{sub 0.3})TiO{sub 3} ceramic and the other lies near the magnetic transition temperature of CoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}. There is an increase in magnetocapacitance and saturation magnetization of the composites at room temperature with increase in CoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} content. The magnetoelectric coupling coefficient (γ) was approximated by Δϵ ∼ γM{sup 2} relation. The optical band gap energy of the composites decreases with increase in CoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} content.

  12. An orange emitting phosphor Lu2−xCaMg2Si2.9Ti0.1O12:xCe with pure garnet phase for warm white LEDs

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chu, Yaoqing; Zhang, Qinghong; Xu, Jiayue; Li, Yaogang; Wang, Hongzhi

    2015-01-01

    A new silicate garnet phosphor, Lu 2−x CaMg 2 Si 2.9 Ti 0.1 O 12 :xCe was synthesized by a high temperature solid-state reaction under reductive atmosphere. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the powder was pure garnet phase. The emission and excitation spectrum indicated that the Lu 2−x CaMg 2 Si 2.9 Ti 0.1 O 12 :xCe phosphors could absorb blue light in the spectral range of 400–550 nm efficiently and exhibit bright yellow–orange emission in the range of 520–750 nm. With the increase of Ce 3+ concentration, the emission band of Ce 3+ showed a red shift. Interestingly, the concentration quenching occurred when the Ce 3+ concentration exceeded 4 mol%. The temperature-dependent luminescent properties of the phosphors were discussed and the Lu 1.96 CaMg 2 Si 2.9 Ti 0.1 O 12 :0.04Ce phosphors showed good performances in color temperature (2430 K) and potential applications for warm white LEDs. - Graphical Abstract: This image shows that the phosphor of Lu 1.96 CaMg 2 Si 2.9 Ti 0.1 O 12 :0.04Ce can generate a uniform yellow tint under natural light illumination and emit orange–red light when excited by blue light. With a fixed 467 nm emission light, warm white light can be produced by this phosphor, which indicates that the phosphor is potentially applicable in warm white light emitting diodes based on GaN chips. - Highlights: • A new silicate garnet phosphor was synthesized by solid-state method. • Secondary phases can be avoided when a small amount of Si 4+ were replaced by Ti 4+ . • A broad emission band of Ce 3+ in the phosphors was described. • The phosphors are potentially applicable in warm white light emitting diodes

  13. Ca-doped LTO using waste eggshells as Ca source to improve the discharge capacity of anode material for lithium-ion battery

    Science.gov (United States)

    Setiawan, D.; Subhan, A.; Saptari, S. A.

    2017-07-01

    The necessity of high charge-discharge capacity lithium-ion battery becomes very urgent due to its applications demand. Several researches have been done to meet the demand including Ca doping on Li4Ti5O12 for anode material of lithium-ion batteries. Ca-doped Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) in the form of Li4-xCaxTi5O12 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.075, and 0.1) have been synthesized using simple solid state reaction. The materials preparation involved waste eggshells in the form of CaCO3 as Ca source. The structure and capacity of as-prepared samples were characterized using X-Ray Diffractometer and Cyclic Voltametry. X-Ray Diffractometer characterization revealed that all amount of dopant had entered the lattice structure of LTO successfully. The crystalline sizes were obtained by using Scherrer equation. No significant differences are detected in lattice parameters (˜8.35 Å) and crystalline sizes (˜27 nm) between all samples. Cyclic Voltametry characterization shows that Li4-xCaxTi5O12 (x = 0.05) has highest charge-discharge capacity of 177.14 mAh/g and 181.92 mAh/g, respectively. Redox-potentials of samples show no significant differences with the average of 1.589 V.

  14. Analysis of Fe, Ca, Ti, Ba, Ce, Zr and La element in the Sea sediment at Muria peninsula by X RF method

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sukirno and Sri Murniasih

    2009-01-01

    he analysis of metals (Fe, Ca, Ti, Ba, Ce, Zr and La) in the sea sediment environmental samples at Muria peninsula has been carried out with X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) method. The aim of this analysis is to know the distribution metals which accommodate the recent environmental data in supporting the license of site and Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for the Nuclear Power Plants (NPP). Samples taken preparation and analysis based on the procedures of environmental analysis. The result analysis that contents of mayor elements in 7 sea sediment location of sampling were Ca, Ti and Fe with concentration are (6.74 – 11.69 ) %; (0.74 – 6.89 ) % and (0.45 -1.94 ) % successively; while minor elements were Ba, Ce, Zr and La with concentration are 451.4 – 1331.6 ) mg/kg; (201.8 – 427.3) mg/kg; (192.3 – 338.5) mg/kg dan (171.7 – 298.4) mg/kg. The statistic test result shows that sampling location there is a significant difference all of element with the level significant of 95 %. (author)

  15. Structure and bonding of ScCN and ScNC: Ground and low-lying states

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kalemos, Apostolos; Metropoulos, Aristophanes; Mavridis, Aristides

    2012-01-01

    Graphical abstract: The experimentally unknown systems ScCN and ScNC have been studied through single reference CISD and CCSD(T) methods. A total of 20 = 10 (ScCN) + 10 (ScNC) states were examined. All states are quite ionic whereas ScNC(X ∼3 Δ) is stabler than ScCN(X ∼3 Δ) by ∼5 kcal/mol. Display Omitted Highlights: ► We have studied through ab initio methods the polytopic system Sc[CN]. ► A series of low lying states for both isomeric forms have been examined. ► Around equilibrium the system displays a pronounced Sc + [CN] − ionic character. - Abstract: We have studied the experimentally unknown Sc[CN] molecular system in both its isomeric forms, scandium cyanide (ScCN) and isocyanide (ScNC), through ab initio computations. We report energetics, geometries, harmonic frequencies, and dipole moments for the first 20 Sc[CN] states correlating diabatically to Sc + ( 3 D, 1 D, 3 F) + CN − (X 1 Σ + ). Both isomers have a pronounced ionic character around equilibrium due to the high electron affinity of the CN group and the low ionization energy of the Sc atom. According to our calculations the ScNC isomer (X ∼3 Δ) is stabler than the ScCN(X ∼3 Δ) by ∼5 kcal/mol.

  16. Fabrication and characterization of polyvinyl alcohol/metal (Ca, Mg, Ti) doped zirconium phosphate nanocomposite films for scaffold-guided tissue engineering application.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kalita, Himani; Pal, Pallabi; Dhara, Santanu; Pathak, Amita

    2017-02-01

    Nanocomposite films of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and zirconium phosphate (ZrP)/doped ZrP (doped with Ca, Mg, Ti) nanoparticles have been developed by solvent casting method to assess their potential as matrix material in scaffold-guided tissue engineering application. The prepared ZrP and doped ZrP nanoparticles as well as the nanocomposite films were characterized by various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. Nanoindentation studies revealed improved nanomechanical properties in the PVA/doped ZrP nanocomposite films (highest for PVA/Ti doped ZrP: hardness=262.4MPa; elastic modulus=5800MPa) as compared to the PVA/ZrP and neat PVA films. In-vitro cell culture experiments carried out to access the cellular viability, attachment, proliferation, and migration on the substrates, using mouse fibroblast (3T3) cell lines, inferred enhanced bioactivity in the PVA/doped ZrP nanocomposite films (highest for PVA/Ca doped ZrP) in contrast to PVA/ZrP and neat PVA films. Controlled biodegradability as well as swelling behavior, superior bioactivity and improved mechanical properties of the PVA/doped ZrP nanocomposite films make them promising matrix materials for scaffold-guided tissue engineering application. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  17. Sc-45 nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of precipitation in dilute Al-Sc alloys

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Celotto, S; Bastow, TJ

    Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) with Sc-45 is used to determine the solid solubility of scandium in aluminium and to follow the precipitation of Al3Sc during the ageing of an Al-0.06 at.% Sc alloy via the two fully resolved peaks, corresponding to Sc in the solid solution Al matrix and to Sc in the

  18. Physical conditions in CaFe interstellar clouds

    OpenAIRE

    Gnacinski, P.; Krogulec, M.

    2007-01-01

    Interstellar clouds that exhibit strong Ca I and Fe I lines were called CaFe clouds. The ionisation equilibrium equations were used to model the column densities of Ca II, Ca I, K I, Na I, Fe I and Ti II in CaFe clouds. The chemical composition of CaFe clouds is that of the Solar System and no depletion of elements onto dust grains is seen. The CaFe clouds have high electron densities n=1 cm^-3 that leads to high column densities of neutral Ca and Fe.

  19. Ti-dopant-enhanced photocatalytic activity of a CaFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}/MgFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} bulk heterojunction under visible-light irradiation

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Borse, Pramod H. [International Advanced Research Center for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials, Hyderabad (India); Kim, Jae Y.; Lee, Jae S. [Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang (Korea, Republic of); Lim, Kwon T. [Pukyong National University, Busan (Korea, Republic of); Jeong, Euh D.; Bae, Jong S.; Yoon, Jang H.; Yu, Seong M.; Kim, Hyun G. [Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan (Korea, Republic of)

    2012-07-15

    The effect substitution of Ti{sup 4+} at the Fe{sup 3+} site in a CaFe{sub 2}O{sub 4{sup -}}MgFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} bulk hetero-junction (BH) lattice photocatalyst was explored and the Ti ion concentration was optimized to fabricate an efficient photocatalyst. A BH consisting of an optimum dopant concentration (Ti{sup +4}) level of x = 0.03 exhibited an increased band gap and generated a 1.5 times higher photocurrent. The newly fabricated Ti ion doped photocatalyst showed an enhanced quantum yield (up to ∼13.3%) for photodecomposition of a H{sub 2}O-CH{sub 3}OH mixture, as compared to its undoped BH counterpart under visible light (λ ≥ 420 nm). In contrast, the material doped with a very high Ti-dopant concentration displayed deteriorated photochemical properties. An efficient charge-separation induced by Ti-ion doping seems to be responsible for the higher photocatalytic activity in a doped bulk BH.

  20. Raman spectra of the solid-solution between Rb sub 2 La sub 2 Ti sub 3 O sub 1 sub 0 and RbCa sub 2 Nb sub 3 O sub 1 sub 0

    CERN Document Server

    Kim, H J; Yun, H S

    2001-01-01

    A site preference of niobium atom in Rb sub 2 sub - sub x La sub 2 Ti sub 3 sub - sub x Nb sub x O sub 1 sub 0 (0.0<=x<=1.0) and RbLa sub 2 sub - sub x Ca sub x Ti sub 2 sub - sub x Nb sub 1 sub + sub x O sub 1 sub 0 (0.0<=x<= 2.0), which are the solid-solutions between Rb sub 2 La sub 2 Ti sub 3 O sub 1 sub 0 are RbCa sub 2 Nb sub 3 O sub 1 sub 0 , has been investigated by Raman spectroscopy. The Raman spectra of Rb sub 2 sub - sub x La sub 2 Ti sub 3 sub - sub x Nb sub x O sub 1 sub 0 (0.0<=x<=1.0) gave an evidence that niobium atoms substituted for titanium atoms preferably occupy the highly distorted outer octahedral sites rather than the central ones in triple-octahedral perovskite layers. In contrast, the Raman spectra of RbLa sub 2 sub - sub x Ca sub x Ti sub 2 sub - sub x Nb sub 1 sub + sub x O sub 1 sub 0 (0.0<=x<= 2.0) showed no clear information for the cationic arrangement in perovskite slabs. This difference indicated that a site preference of niobium atoms is observed onl...

  1. Canted ferrimagnetism in Ca2+Sc3+ substituted yttrium-iron-garnet

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pardavi-Horváth, M.; Thavendrarajah, A.; Wigen, P. E.; DeGasperis, P.

    1988-11-01

    The temperature dependence of the magnetization of Y3-y-zCayLuzFe5-xScxO12 (0.6≤x≤1.2, 0≤y≤0.3, 0≤z≤0.9) epitaxial garnet films was measured from 4.2 K up to the Curie temperature. For x=0.7 and T≥50 K, 4πMs is enhanced by about 10% compared to the magnetization of Sc0.7 YIG. At TJdd/Jad)/da =28 nm.-1 For x=1.2 and T<10 K the magnetization can be influenced by cooling through the Curie point in a magnetic field.

  2. CaCu3Ti4O12: A Bifunctional Perovskite Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Evolution and Reduction Reaction in Alkaline Medium

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kushwaha, H.S.; Halder, Aditi; Thomas, P.; Vaish, Rahul

    2017-01-01

    Highlights: •A cost effective double perovskite CaCu 3 Ti 4 O 12 have been synthesized using oxalate precursor method. •CCTO electrocatalyst exhibit enhanced bifunctional electrocatalytic activities. •CCTO electrocatalyst have lower overpotential and higher mass activity as compared to noble metal oxide and well-known perovskite catalysts. •Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy investigations of oxygen reactions on perovskite surfaces. -- Abstract: Perovskite oxides are prominent materials as the bifunctional electrocatalysts for both oxygen reduction/evolution reactions (ORR/OER) for the electrochemical energy conversion and storage using regenerative fuel cells and rechargeable metal-air batteries. In this work, a quadruple perovskite CaCu 3 Ti 4 O 12 has been synthesized oxalate precursor route. X-ray diffraction pattern shows phase purity of the synthesized electrocatalyst. The synthesized CCTO electrocatalyst have crystallite size of 26 nm. Electrochemical investigations reveal that CCTO exhibit efficient catalytic activity. More interestingly, an extremely high OER activity is observed for CCTO electrocatalysts which is found superior than similar class of perovskites. Additionally, CCTO shows efficient ORR activity with an onset potential of 0.83 V which is better than that of Pt/C catalyst (≈0.94 V). These results demonstrate the significant potential of CCTO perovskite as a bifunctional electrode material for alkaline fuel cells and metal-air batteries.

  3. Electronic structure and physical properties of ScN in pressure: density-functional theory calculations

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Guan Pengfei; Wang Chongyu; Yu Tao

    2008-01-01

    Local density functional is investigated by using the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method for ScN in the hexagonal structure and the rocksalt structure and for hexagonal structures linking a layered hexagonal phase with wurtzite structure along a homogeneous strain transition path. It is found that the wurtzite ScN is unstable and the layered hexagonal phase, labelled as h o , in which atoms are approximately fivefold coordinated, is metastable, and the rocksalt ScN is stable. The electronic structure, the physical properties of the intermediate structures and the energy band structure along the transition are presented. It is found that the band gaps change from 4.0 to 1.0 eV continuously when c/a value varies from 1.68 to 1.26. It is noticeable that the study of ScN provides an opportunity to apply this kind of material (in wurtzite[h]-derived phase). (condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties)

  4. Crystal structure and phase stability of AlSc in the near-equiatomic Al–Sc alloy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Li, Juan; Huang, Li; Liang, Yongfeng [State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083 (China); Ye, Feng, E-mail: yefeng@skl.ustb.edu.cn [State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083 (China); Lin, Junpin [State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083 (China); Shang, Shunli; Liu, Zikui [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 (United States)

    2015-01-05

    Highlights: • Two lattice structures of equiatomic Al–Sc compounds are confirmed. • Al–Sc phase at Sc 50 at.% has a space group of Pbam. • Al–Sc phase at Sc 55 at.% has a space group of B2. • B2 AlSc is a metastable phase with Sc 50 at.%. • Lattice transition between two compounds is proposed under local thermal stress. - Abstract: Intermetallic compound AlSc is found in the equiatomic Al–Sc binary alloy. The present work indicates that the orthorhombic AlSc with the Au{sub 2}CuZn-type structure can be formed at 50 at.% Sc, while the CsCl-type (B2) AlSc will be formed at 55 at.% Sc. After annealing at 1100 °C, some orthorhombic AlSc grains transit to the B2 structure, and the annealing at lower temperatures leads to the disappearance of B2 phase, indicating that the B2 AlSc is also a metastable phase in the alloy at lower Sc content (<50 at.%). First-principle calculations at 0 K reveal that the orthorhombic AlSc is more stable than the B2 AlSc with the energy difference between them being 5.4 meV/atom. The fast transition between these two phases, which cannot be interpreted by the mechanism of atomic diffusion, was tentatively analyzed by the volume change based on the calculated atomic positions of these two phases.

  5. Pressure-driven phase transitions in TiOCl and the family (Ca, Sr, Ba)Fe2As2

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhang YuZhong; Opahle, Ingo; Jeschke, Harald O; ValentI, Roser

    2010-01-01

    Motivated by recent experimental measurements on pressure-driven phase transitions in Mott insulators as well as the new iron pnictide superconductors, we show that first principles Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics calculations are a powerful method to describe the microscopic origin of such transitions. We present results for (i) the pressure-induced insulator to metal phase transition in the prototypical Mott insulator TiOCl as well as (ii) the pressure-induced structural and magnetic phase transitions in the family of correlated metals AFe 2 As 2 (A = Ca, Sr, Ba). Comparison of our predictions with existing experimental results yields very good agreement.

  6. Effect of the internal pressure and the anti-site disorder on the structure and magnetic properties of ALaFeTiO6 (A=Ca, Sr, Ba) double perovskite oxides

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Elbadawi, A.A.; Yassin, O.A.; Gismelseed, Abbasher A.

    2013-01-01

    Successful preparation of double perovskite oxides of chemical formula ALaFeTiO 6 (A=Ba, Sr and Ca) has been achieved by following the precursor method. The samples were studied by means of X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The Rietveld analysis of the X-ray diffraction data showed that all the samples have anti-site disorder. The presence of anti-site disorder has altered the electronic environment around the Fe ion sites which creates electric field gradient between two different sites. Observation of quadruple splitting in the ideal cubic perovskite BaLaFeTiO 6 (its tolerance factor equals 1) is the evidence of this anti-site generated electric field gradient. The valence state of the Fe atom determined from the measurements of the Mössbauer effect of 57 Fe at room temperature and 80 K showed that the iron ion has the Fe 3+ high spin state as extracted from the values of the isomer shift for all the samples. It is evidenced that the anti-site disorder has no appreciable effect on the spin state of the Fe ion, but alters the charge densities at the Fe sites and influences the hyperfine parameters of the present samples. Weak ferromagnetism is observed in CaLaFeTiO 6 and SrLaFeTiO 6 and is related to both the internal pressure and the anti-site effect which facilitate the occurrence of the Fe 3+ ↑−O−Fe 3+ ↓ antiferromagnetic interaction with canted spin. - Highlights: ► Anti-site disorder was revealed in (Ca,Sr,Ba)LaFeTiO 6 double perovskites. ► Mössbauer spectroscopy revealed a dependence of the quadruple splitting and the cation size mismatch. ► Weak ferromagnetism is evidenced due to internal pressure and anti-site disorder.

  7. Platinum determination by instrumental neutron activation analysis with special reference to the spectral interference of Sc-47 on the platinum indicator nuclide Au-199

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Alfassi, Z.B.; Probst, T.U.; Rietz, B.

    1998-01-01

    A method of instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) is developed for the determination of platinum by the Au-199 daughter of Pt-199 in the presence of the spectral interference from the Sc-47 daughter of Ca-47. The contributions of the Pt and Ca signals to the integral 157-161 keV peak we...... separated by calculating the number of disintegrations due to the Sc-47 from the signal of her parent Ca-47 at 1297.1 keV gamma-ray. The method was used to calculate the trace concentrations of Pt in air samples, collected on filters, (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V....

  8. Dependence of annealing time on structural and morphological properties of Ca(Zr0.05Ti0.95)O3 thin films

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cavalcante, L.S.; Simoes, A.Z.; Orlandi, M.O.; Santos, M.R.M.C.; Varela, J.A.; Longo, E.

    2008-01-01

    Ca(Zr 0.05 Ti 0.95 )O 3 (CZT) thin films were prepared by the polymeric precursor method by spin-coating process. The films were deposited on Pt(1 1 1)/Ti/SiO 2 /Si(1 0 0) substrates and annealed at 650 deg. C for 2, 4, and 6 h in oxygen atmosphere. Structure and morphology of the CZT thin films were characterized by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM). XRD revealed that the film is free of secondary phases and crystallizes in the orthorhombic structure. The annealing time influences the grain size, lattices parameter and in the film thickness

  9. Shape Memory Characteristics of Ti(sub 49.5)Ni(sub 25)Pd(sub 25)Sc(sub 0.5) High-Temperature Shape Memory Alloy After Severe Plastic Deformation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Atli, K. C.; Karaman, I.; Noebe, R. D.; Garg, A.; Chumlyakov, Y. I.; Kireeva, I. V.

    2011-01-01

    A Ti(49.5)Ni25Pd25Sc(0.5) high-temperature shape memory alloy is thermomechanically processed to obtain enhanced shape-memory characteristics: in particular, dimensional stability upon repeated thermal cycles under constant loads. This is accomplished using severe plastic deformation via equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) and post-processing annealing heat treatments. The results of the thermomechanical experiments reveal that the processed materials display enhanced shape memory response, exhibiting higher recoverable transformation and reduced irrecoverable strain levels upon thermal cycling compared with the unprocessed material. This improvement is attributed to the increased strength and resistance of the material against defect generation upon phase transformation as a result of the microstructural refinement due to the ECAE process, as supported by the electron microscopy observations.

  10. 46 CFR 7.70 - Folly Island, SC to Hilton Head Island, SC.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Folly Island, SC to Hilton Head Island, SC. 7.70 Section... BOUNDARY LINES Atlantic Coast § 7.70 Folly Island, SC to Hilton Head Island, SC. (a) A line drawn from the...′ W. (Port Royal Sound Lighted Whistle Buoy “2PR”); thence to the easternmost extremity of Hilton Head...

  11. Moessbauer Study of the Ni/Ca0.8Sr0.2Ti1-xFexO3-α Catalyst System for Partial Oxidation of Methane to Synthesis Gas

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Homonnay, Z.; Nomura, K.; Hamakawa, S.; Hayakawa, T.; Juhasz, G.; Kuzmann, E.; Vertes, A.

    2002-01-01

    The Ni/Ca 0.8 Sr 0.2 TiO 3 catalyst system prepared by the citrate method shows high activity in partial oxidation of methane to synthesis gas. It is assumed that the interaction of Ni with the perovskite lattice may be responsible for the increased catalytic activity. 1% 57 Fe dopant substituted for Ti was used in order to see if the presence of Ni has any perturbation effect on the structure of the perovskite. One may expect systematic changes in the Moessbauer parameters of the substitutional Fe impurity as a function of the NiO content if the bulk properties of the perovskite are affected. Samples with different Ni/Ca 0.8 Sr 0.2 Ti 0.99 57 Fe 0.01 O 3-α ratios from 0:1 to 1:1, and others having Fe substitutions for Ti up to 30%, all prepared by the citrate method, have been investigated. The Moessbauer spectra contained doublets of paramagnetic Fe 3+ and Fe 4+ species as well as paramagnetically relaxed Fe 3+ . These species were assigned to the bulk perovskite, the perovskite surface and the NiO/perovskite interface. The perturbation of the perovskite structure by Ni could not be verified.

  12. 44gSc production using a water target on a 13 MeV cyclotron

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hoehr, Cornelia; Oehlke, Elisabeth; Benard, Francois; Lee, Chris Jaeil; Hou, Xinchi; Badesso, Brian; Ferguson, Simon; Miao, Qing; Yang, Hua; Buckley, Ken; Hanemaayer, Victoire; Zeisler, Stefan; Ruth, Thomas; Celler, Anna; Schaffer, Paul

    2014-01-01

    Introduction: Access to promising radiometals as isotopes for novel molecular imaging agents requires that they are routinely available and inexpensive to obtain. Proximity to a cyclotron center outfitted with solid target hardware, or to an isotope generator for the metal of interest is necessary, both of which can introduce significant hurdles in development of less common isotopes. Herein, we describe the production of 44 Sc (t 1/2 = 3.97 h, E avg,β + = 1.47 MeV, branching ratio = 94.27%) in a solution target and an automated loading system which allows a quick turn-around between different radiometallic isotopes and therefore greatly improves their availability for tracer development. Experimental yields are compared to theoretical calculations. Methods: Solutions containing a high concentration (1.44–1.55 g/mL) of natural-abundance calcium nitrate tetrahydrate (Ca(NO 3 ) 2 · 4 H 2 O) were irradiated on a 13 MeV proton-beam cyclotron using a standard liquid target. 44g Sc was produced via the 44 Ca(p,n) 44g Sc reaction. Results: 44g Sc was produced for the first time in a solution target with yields sufficient for early radiochemical studies. Saturation yields of up to 4.6 ± 0.3 MBq/μA were achieved using 7.6 ± 0.3 μA proton beams for 60.0 ± 0.2 minutes (number of runs n = 3). Experimental data and calculation results are in fair agreement. Scandium was isolated from the target mixture via solid-phase extraction with 88 ± 6% (n = 5) efficiency and successfully used for radiolabelling experiments. The demonstration of the production of 44 Sc in a liquid target greatly improves its availability for tracer development

  13. Proton-oxygen conductivity in substituted perovskites ATi0.95Mo0.05O3-α (A = Ca, Sr, Ba; M = Sc, Mg) in the reducing hydrogen-containing atmospheres

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gorelov, V.P.; Balakireva, V.B.; Sharova, N.V.

    1999-01-01

    Electric conductivity depending on temperature, oxygen partial pressure, as well as the number of t i ion transfer and transfer hydrogen numbers in the perovskites ATi 0.95 Mo 0.05 O 3-α (A = Ca, Sr, Ba; M = Sc, Mg) in reducing hydrogen-containing atmospheres in the temperature range of 450-850 deg C have been measured. With the temperature decrease t i increases reaching 1.0 at a temperature of 550 deg C for all compositions. Proton conductivity under conditions of assumed concomitant transfer of either O 2- or OH - has been ascertained [ru

  14. Review of Liquidus Surface and Phase Equilibria in the TiO2-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-CaO Slag System at PO2 Applicable in Fluxed Titaniferous Magnetite Smelting

    Science.gov (United States)

    Goso, Xolisa; Nell, Johannes; Petersen, Jochen

    The current liquidus surface and phase equilibria established in air for fluxed titaniferous magnetite (titanomagnetite) slags conforming to a composition of 37.19% TiO2, 19.69% SiO2, 13.12% Al2O3, and 30.00% of various ratios of CaO+MgO were reviewed at applicable PO2 using FactSage simulation and phase composition of a real plant titanomagnetite slag. The testwork included the incorporation into FactSage of a private MgTi2O5-Al2TiO5 pseudobrookite solution model. The results of the investigation showed that the liquidus surface and Ti3+/ Ti4+ mass fraction ratio increased with decreasing the PO2, At low PO2, perovskite crystallizes as a primary phase at high CaO content. The spinel solution, i.e. (Mg)(Al,Ti)O4, generally crystallizes as the primary phase at high MgO contents, though it is replaced by MgTi2O5-Al2TiO5 solution at PO2 of 10-10 atm to 10-15 atm. An intermediate equilibrium phase diagram established at PO2 of 10-16 atm is proposed. This phase diagram does not show the observed primary phase crystallization competition, however, the phase composition of a real titanomagnetite slag produced by Evraz Highveld Steel and Vanadium Corporation in South Africa does show primary phase crystallization competition between (Mg)(Al,Ti)2O4 and MgTi2O5-Al2TiO5. Smelting involving such slags is likely conducted around the transition PO2, i.e. PO2 of about 10-16 atm. Complex modelling with MgTi2O5, Al2TiO5 and Ti3O5 end members and experiments are underway to verify and update the intermediate phase diagram.

  15. Doping of alkali, alkaline-earth, and transition metals in covalent-organic frameworks for enhancing CO2 capture by first-principles calculations and molecular simulations.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lan, Jianhui; Cao, Dapeng; Wang, Wenchuan; Smit, Berend

    2010-07-27

    We use the multiscale simulation approach, which combines the first-principles calculations and grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations, to comprehensively study the doping of a series of alkali (Li, Na, and K), alkaline-earth (Be, Mg, and Ca), and transition (Sc and Ti) metals in nanoporous covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and the effects of the doped metals on CO2 capture. The results indicate that, among all the metals studied, Li, Sc, and Ti can bind with COFs stably, while Be, Mg, and Ca cannot, because the binding of Be, Mg, and Ca with COFs is very weak. Furthermore, Li, Sc, and Ti can improve the uptakes of CO2 in COFs significantly. However, the binding energy of a CO2 molecule with Sc and Ti exceeds the lower limit of chemisorptions and, thus, suffers from the difficulty of desorption. By the comparative studies above, it is found that Li is the best surface modifier of COFs for CO2 capture among all the metals studied. Therefore, we further investigate the uptakes of CO2 in the Li-doped COFs. Our simulation results show that at 298 K and 1 bar, the excess CO2 uptakes of the Li-doped COF-102 and COF-105 reach 409 and 344 mg/g, which are about eight and four times those in the nondoped ones, respectively. As the pressure increases to 40 bar, the CO2 uptakes of the Li-doped COF-102 and COF-105 reach 1349 and 2266 mg/g at 298 K, respectively, which are among the reported highest scores to date. In summary, doping of metals in porous COFs provides an efficient approach for enhancing CO2 capture.

  16. Ternary scandium-rich indides Sc{sub 50}T{sub 13}In{sub 3} and Sc{sub 50}Rh{sub 13}In{sub 3}O{sub y} (T = Rh, Ir; y {approx} 8) - synthesis and crystal structure

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Zaremba, R.; Poettgen, R. [Inst. fuer Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Univ. Muenster (Germany)

    2007-12-15

    New intermetallic compounds Sc{sub 50}Rh{sub 13.3}In{sub 2.7} and Sc{sub 50}Ir{sub 13.6}In{sub 2.4} and the suboxides Sc{sub 49.2}Rh{sub 13}In{sub 3.8}O{sub 8.8} and Sc{sub 49.2}Rh{sub 13.7}In{sub 2.8}O{sub 8.0} were synthesized from the elements or with Sc{sub 2}O{sub 3} as an oxygen source, respectively, in sealed tantalum tubes in a water-cooled sample chamber of an induction furnace. They crystallize with a new cubic structure type, space group F m anti 3, a = 1772.5(6) pm, wR2 = 0.032, 1111 F{sup 2} values, 34 variables for Sc{sub 50}Rh{sub 13.3}In{sub 2.7}, a = 1766.5(6) pm, wR2 = 0.041, 745 F{sup 2} values, 34 variables for Sc{sub 50}Ir{sub 13.6}In{sub 2.4}, a = 1764.4(2) pm, wR2 = 0.044, 640 F{sup 2} values, 41 variables for Sc{sub 49.2}Rh{sub 13}In{sub 3.8}O{sub 8.8}, and a = 1761.5(6) pm, wR2 = 0.054, 740 F{sup 2} values, 42 variables for Sc{sub 49.2}Rh{sub 13.7}In{sub 2.8}O{sub 8.0}. The main structural motifs are rhodium-centered indium cubes in an fcc like arrangement in which the octahedral and tetrahedral voids are filled by In2Sc{sub 12} and In1Sc{sub 12} icosahedra, respectively, resembling a Li{sub 3}Bi-like structure. The Rh1 (Ir1) and Sc4 atoms lie between these polyhedral units. The oxygen atoms partially fill Sc{sub 6} octahedra in Sc{sub 49.2}Rh{sub 13}In{sub 3.8}O{sub 8.8} and Sc{sub 49.2}Rh{sub 13.7}In{sub 2.8}O{sub 8.0} with Sc-O distances of 214 - 230 pm. These octahedra are condensed via common edges and faces, encapsulating the In2Sc{sub 12} icosahedra. Due to the high scandium content one observes strong Sc-Sc bonding with Sc-Sc distances ranging from 303 to 362 pm in Sc{sub 49.2}Rh{sub 13}In{sub 3.8}O{sub 8.8}. The shortest distances occur for Sc-Rh (267 - 295 pm). The crystal chemical relationship with the Li{sub 3}Bi-related suboxide Ti{sub 12}Sn{sub 3}O{sub 10} is discussed. (orig.)

  17. High-resolution clean-sc

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Sijtsma, P.; Snellen, M.

    2016-01-01

    In this paper a high-resolution extension of CLEAN-SC is proposed: HR-CLEAN-SC. Where CLEAN-SC uses peak sources in “dirty maps” to define so-called source components, HR-CLEAN-SC takes advantage of the fact that source components can likewise be derived from points at some distance from the peak,

  18. Microwave dielectric properties of CaCu{sub 3}Ti{sub 4}O{sub 12}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} composite

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Rahman, Mohd Fariz Ab; Abu, Mohamad Johari; Zaman, Rosyaini Afindi; Ahmad, Zainal Arifin [School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang (Malaysia); Karim, Saniah Ab; Mohamed, Julie Juliewatty, E-mail: juliewatty.m@umk.edu.my [Advance Materials Research Cluster, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan (Malaysia); Ain, Mohd Fadzil [School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang (Malaysia)

    2016-07-19

    (1-x)CaCu{sub 3}Ti{sub 4}O{sub 12} + (x)Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} composite (0 ≤ x ≤0.25) was prepared via conventional solid-state reaction method. The fabrication of sample was started with synthesizing stoichiometric CCTO from CaCO{sub 3}, CuO and TiO{sub 2} powders, then wet-mixed in deionized water for 24 h. The process was continued with calcined CCTO powder at 900 °C for 12 h before sintered at 1040 °C for 10 h. Next, the calcined CCTO powder with different amount of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} were mixed for 24 h, then palletized and sintered at 1040 °C for 10. X-ray diffraction analysis on the sintered samples showed that CCTO powder was in a single phase, meanwhile the trace of secondary peaks which belong to CaAl{sub 2}O{sub 4} and Corundum (Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}) could be observed in the other samples Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that the grain size of the sample is firstly increased with addition of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} (x = 0.01), then become smaller with the x > 0.01. Microwave dielectric properties showed that the addition of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} (x = 0.01) was remarkably reduced the dielectric loss while slightly increased the dielectric permittivity. However, further addition of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} was reduced both dielectric loss and permittivity at least for an order of magnitude.

  19. Design and construction of hierarchical TiO2 nanorod arrays by combining layer-by-layer and hydrothermal crystallization techniques for electrochromic application

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Yongbo; Li, Xiaomin; Bi, Zhijie; He, Xiaoli; Li, Guanjie; Xu, Xiaoke; Gao, Xiangdong

    2018-05-01

    The hierarchical TiO2 (H-TiO2) nanorod arrays (NRAs) composed of single-crystalline nanorods and nanocrystals were finely designed and successfully constructed for electrochromic (EC) application. By combining layer-by-layer (LBL) method and hydrothermal crystallization technique, the superfine nanocrystals (5-7 nm), which can provide abundant active sites and facilitate ion insertion/extraction during EC reactions, were uniformly and conformally assembled on the surface of single-crystalline TiO2 (SC-TiO2) NRAs. The as-formed H-TiO2 NRAs integrate the advantages of one-dimensional NRAs with fast kinetics and superfine nanocrystals with high ion capacity, showing highly enhanced EC performance. Large optical contrast (40.3%), shorter coloring/bleaching time (22/4 s), high coloration efficiency (11.2 cm2 C-1), and excellent cycling stability can be achieved in H-TiO2 NRAs, superior to the pristine SC-TiO2 NRAs and nanocrystalline TiO2 films. This work provides a feasible and well-designed strategy to explore high-performance materials for EC application.

  20. Dielectric and infrared response of Ba.sub.0.77./sub.Ca.sub.0.23./sub.TiO.sub.3./sub..

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Savinov, Maxim; Trepakov, Vladimír; Kamba, Stanislav; Kapphan, S. E.; Petzelt, Jan; Pankrath, R.; Kislova, I. L.; Kutshenko, A. B.; Jastrabík, Lubomír

    2003-01-01

    Roč. 295, - (2003), s. 31-38 ISSN 0015-0193 R&D Projects: GA MŠk LN00A015; GA AV ČR IAA1010213; GA ČR GA202/01/0612 Grant - others:NATO(XX) PST.CLG.977348; NATO(XX) LGPST.CLG.977561 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z1010914 Keywords : dielectric permittivity * infrared spectroscopy * Ba 1-x Ca x TiO 3 Subject RIV: BM - Solid Matter Physics ; Magnetism Impact factor: 0.406, year: 2003

  1. Preparation and characterization of RF magnetron sputtered CuO/CaTi{sub 4}O{sub 9} thin films with enhanced third-order nonlinear optical properties

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Yin, Congfei; Liang, Xiaojuan, E-mail: lxj6126@126.com; Hu, Guangcai; Hu, Xie; Chen, Xipeng; Li, Pengzhi; Xiang, Weidong, E-mail: xiangweidong001@126.com

    2017-04-15

    The titanate, is a material of interest for various energy applications, including photovoltaics, catalysts, and high-rate energy storage devices. Herein, its related materials, CuO/CaTi{sub 4}O{sub 9} [CCTO] thin films, were successfully fabricated on SrTiO{sub 3} (100) substrates by RF magnetron sputtering assisted with subsequent oxygen annealing. This obtained CCTO thin films were then systemically studied by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scan electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). It was found that CuO and CaTi{sub 4}O{sub 9} (001) particles were closely accumulated together on the surface of the substrate in the annealing process after comparing with that of the as-prepared thin film, which was verified by SEM and AFM results. Furthermore, we investigated the third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of the as-prepared and annealed CCTO thin film by means of the Z-scan technique using 650 nm femtosecond laser pulse. Post-deposition oxygen annealing was found to modify the morphological characteristics of the films, resulting in enhancing their NLO properties. The observation of NLO performance of annealed CCTO thin film indicates that RF magnetron sputtering is a feasible method for the fabrication of optical thin films, which can be expanded to fabricate other NLO materials from the corresponding dispersions. Naturally, we concluded that the CCTO thin film occupy a better NLO property, and thus enlarge its application in nonlinear optics. - Highlights: • The CCTO thin film was prepared using the RF magnetron sputtering and oxygen annealing. • The film was prepared on the SrTiO{sub 3}(100) substrates with a Ca{sub 2}CuO{sub 3} target. • The oxygen annealing was found can effectively enhance the film quality and NLO property. • The film was characterized using XPS, SEM, AFM, TEM, XRD and Z-scan techniques.

  2. Synthesis of cauliflower-like ZnO-TiO2 composite porous film and photoelectrical properties

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jiang Yinhua; Yan Yun; Zhang Wenli; Ni Liang; Sun Yueming; Yin Hengbo

    2011-01-01

    A series of cauliflower-like TiO 2 -ZnO composite porous films with various molar ratios of Zn/Ti were prepared by the screen printing technique on the fluorine-doped SnO 2 (FTO) conducting glasses. The composite films were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and UV-vis transmittance spectrum. The results showed composite film electrode had a novel cauliflower-like morphology, which could effectively increase the dye absorption. The corresponding dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) were made by the composite film, and effects of ZnO incorporation on the photovoltaic performances of the DSCs were studied. With the Zn/Ti molar ratio not more than 3% in ZnO-TiO 2 composite film of about 5 μm-thickness, the photocurrent density (J sc ) and the solar-to-electricity conversion efficiency (η) were greatly improved compared with those of the DSC based on bare TiO 2 film of same thickness. This increases in efficiency and J sc were attributed to high electron conductivity of ZnO, the improved dye adsorption and large light transmittance of composite film.

  3. PATRIMÔNIO CULTURAL E TURISMO: um estudo de caso do Filò Talian realizado em Caçador (SC

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kênia Zanella

    2017-09-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo tem como objetivo compreender como o Filò, costume dos imigrantes italianos, poderá ser preservado através da atividade turística no município de Caçador (SC. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa e exploratória, tendo como método o estudo de caso. Como resultados, verificou-se que o evento ainda se desenvolve de forma familiar e mantém muitas das características originais dos imigrantes, preservando a cultura dos antepassados e despertando o interesse da população local e de outros municípios. Constatou-se, também, que para se tornar um produto turístico, faz-se necessária a ampliação do evento e adaptações em relação à infraestrutura e mão de obra para o atendimento a um público maior ou então manter suas características originais e dedicá-lo ao turismo de experiência, onde o turista poderá vivenciar a realidade local e trocar saberes com a comunidade visitada.

  4. Investigation of the structural, optical and dielectric properties of highly (1 0 0)-oriented (Pb{sub 0.60}Ca{sub 0.20}Sr{sub 0.20})TiO{sub 3} thin films on LaNiO{sub 3} bottom electrode

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Pontes, D.S.L. [Laboratorio Interdisciplinar de Eletroquimica e Cerâmica, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Via Washington Luiz, Km 235, P.O. Box 676, 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo (Brazil); Pontes, F.M., E-mail: fenelon@fc.unesp.br [Department of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista, P.O. Box 473, 17033-360 Bauru, São Paulo (Brazil); Chiquito, A.J. [NanO LaB, Transporte Eletrônico em Nanoestruturas, Department of Physics, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Via Washington Luiz, Km 235, P.O. Box 676, 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo (Brazil); Longo, E. [Laboratorio Interdisciplinar de Eletroquimica e Cerâmica, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Via Washington Luiz, Km 235, P.O. Box 676, 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo (Brazil); Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo (Brazil)

    2014-07-01

    Highlights: • Highly (h 0 0) oriented LNO and PCST thin films were grown on LAO(1 0 0) substrate. • PCST/LNO/LAO structure shown classic ferroelectric–paraelectric phase transition. • PCST/LNO/LAO structure shows superior dielectric properties. • PCST/LAO films showed a direct allowed optical transition. - Abstract: Highly (1 0 0)-oriented Pb{sub 0.60}Ca{sub 0.20}Sr{sub 0.20}TiO{sub 3}/LNO/LAO structure was fabricated using a chemical deposition process via spin-coating technique. XRD revealed that both LNO and Pb{sub 0.60}Ca{sub 0.20}Sr{sub 0.20}TiO{sub 3} films grown on LAO(1 0 0) substrate and LNO/LAO(1 0 0) structure were crystallized to be highly (h 0 0)-oriented, respectively. AFM images revealed smooth surfaces, spherical-shaped grains and a crack-free surface with a roughness of about 3–7 nm. The tetragonal perovskite phase was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy for Pb{sub 0.60}Ca{sub 0.20}Sr{sub 0.20}TiO{sub 3}/LNO/LAO and Pb{sub 0.60}Ca{sub 0.20}Sr{sub 0.20}TiO{sub 3}/LAO structures. The optical transmittance of 340 nm thick Pb{sub 0.60}Ca{sub 0.20}Sr{sub 0.20}TiO{sub 3} films on a LAO(1 0 0) substrate exhibited an average transmittance above 80% in the wavelength range of 500–1000 nm and an optical band gap E{sub g} of 3.56 and 2.87 eV for the direct and indirect transition processes, respectively. The Au/Pb{sub 0.60}Ca{sub 0.20}Sr{sub 0.20}TiO{sub 3}/LNO/LAO structure has a hysteresis loop with remnant polarization, P{sub r}, of 12 μC/cm{sup 2}, and a coercive field, E{sub c}, of 46 kV/cm for an electric field at 370 kV/cm along with a dielectric constant over 1200.

  5. Low sintering temperature and high piezoelectric properties of Li-doped (Ba,Ca)(Ti,Zr)O{sub 3} lead-free ceramics

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Chen, Xiaoming [Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials and Devices, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050 (China); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039 (China); School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237 (China); Ruan, Xuezheng; Zhao, Kunyun [Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials and Devices, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050 (China); He, Xueqing [School of Materials and Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004 (China); Zeng, Jiangtao, E-mail: zjt@mail.sic.ac.cn [Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials and Devices, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050 (China); Li, Yongsheng [School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237 (China); Zheng, Liaoying [Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials and Devices, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050 (China); Park, Chul Hong [Department of Physics Education, Pusan National University, Pusan 609735 (Korea, Republic of); Li, Guorong [Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials and Devices, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050 (China)

    2015-05-25

    Highlights: • Li-doped Ba{sub 0.85}Ca{sub 0.15}Ti{sub 0.9}Zr{sub 0.1}O{sub 3} (BCZT) lead-free piezoceramics were prepared by the two-step synthesis and solid-state reaction method. • Their sintering temperature decreases from about 1540 °C down to about 1400 °C. • With the proper addition of Li, the densities and grain sizes of ceramics increase. • The ceramics not only have the characteristics of hard piezoceramics but also possesses the features of soft piezoceramics at low sintering temperature. - Abstract: Li-doped Ba{sub 0.85}Ca{sub 0.15}Ti{sub 0.9}Zr{sub 0.1}O{sub 3} (BCZT) lead-free piezoelectric ceramics were prepared by the two-step synthesis and the solid-state reaction method. The density and grain size of ceramics sufficiently increases by Li-doped sintering aid, and their sintering temperature decreases from about 1540 °C down to about 1400 °C. X-ray diffraction reveals that the phase structure of Li-doped BCTZ ceramics is changed with the sintering temperature, which is consistent with their phase transition observed by the temperature-dependent dielectric curves. The well-poled Li-doped BCZT ceramics show a high piezoelectric constant d{sub 33} (512 pC/N) and a planar electromechanical coupling factor k{sub p} (0.49), which have the characteristics of soft Pb(Zr,Ti)O{sub 3} (PZT) piezoceramic, on the other hand, the mechanical quality factor Q{sub m} is about 190, which possesses the features of hard PZT piezoceramics. The enhanced properties of the Li-doped BCZT are explained by the combination of Li-doped effect and sintering effect on the microstructure and the phase transition around room temperature.

  6. EIS, Mott Schottky and EFM analysis of the electrochemical stability and dielectric properties of Ca-P-Ag and Ca-P-Si-Ag coatings obtained by plasma electrolytic oxidation in Ti6Al4V

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sara María Leal-Marin

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available El Ti6Al4V ELI (ASTM F136 es una de las aleaciones más empleadas en dispositivos de osteosíntesis y reemplazo articular. Sin embargo, las propiedades de esta aleación pueden ser mejoradas respecto a su biocompatibilidad y osteointegración con el tejido óseo a través de recubrimientos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el comportamiento electroquímico de un recubrimiento obtenido por oxidación por plasma electrolítico sobre Ti6Al4V ELI empleando soluciones electrolíticas enriquecidas con iones de PO4 2-, Ca+2, Si+4 y varias concentraciones de Ag+1. Los recubrimientos se caracterizaron mediante espectroscopia de impedancia electroquímica (EIS y Mott-Schottky (M-S en una celda de tres electrodos con una solución fisiológica simulada. El comportamiento electroquímico se contrastó con microscopía de fuerza electrostática (EFM, donde se analizó el potencial eléctrico del recubrimiento. Los resultados de EIS mostraron mejores propiedades de estabilidad frente a la corrosión en los sustratos recubiertos con Ca- P-Ag, comparados con los recubiertos con Ca-P-Si-Ag. Los espectros de Nyquist y Bode mostraron relajaciones relacionadas con la transferencia de carga hacia la doble capa electroquímica como reflejo de los cambios microestructurales y de conductividad de los recubrimientos, dada por la presencia particular en cada caso, de los elementos contenidos en estos. De acuerdo con los resultados de M-S, todas las muestras ensayadas presentaron un comportamiento con dopado tipo n, cuya conductividad incrementó con la inclusión de plata. Mediante EFM se observaron mayores contrastes en el potencial, fase y la amplitud de los recubrimientos con mayor cantidad de plata respecto al Ti6Al4V sin recubrir.

  7. Some problems of parametric neutron activation analysis based on the use of radioactive daughters of longer-lived mothers with low mother/daughter half-life ratios

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cohen, I.M.

    2012-01-01

    The theoretical and practical aspects of the use of radioactive daughters originated from the decay of longer-lived radioactive mothers in parametric activation analysis, when the ratio: mother half-life to daughter half-life is less than 10, are discussed. The mother-daughter relationships: 47 Ca/ 47 Sc; 95 Zr/ 95 Nb; 140 Ba/ 140 La; 99 Mo/ 99m Tc and 115 Cd/ 115m In are selected as models for the study. The cases when the radionuclide of interest is formed through both direct and indirect routes are also analyzed. As illustrative example, the direct reaction and the reaction chain: 47 Ti(n,p) 47 Sc/ 46 Ca(n,γ) 47 Ca(β - ) 47 Sc are evaluated with respect to the determination of the elements involved and their reciprocal interferences. (author)

  8. Effect of Sintering Time and Diameter on Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Superconducting Wire Formation with TiO2 Dopant by Silver (Ag Tube

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cindy Al Kindi

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available Pengaruh waktu sintering dan diameter terhadap pembentukan kawat superkonduktor Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O dengan dopan TiO2 menggunakan tabung perak (Ag menjadi penting untuk dibahas karena hal ini berpengaruh terhadap adanya suhu kritis yang merupakan syarat penting superkonduktor. Pada penelitian ini ada beberapa tahap yang dilakukan yaitu preparasi bahan, proses permesinan, penarikan kawat dan proses perlakuan panas. Serbuk BPSCCO dengan dopan TiO2 dimasukkan ke dalam tabung perak (Ag dan dikalsinasi pada temperatur 820oC selama 20 jam, lalu proses penarikan (Rolling sampai diameter 6 mm dan 2,6 mm serta sintering dilakukan pada temperatur 850oC selama 9 jam dan 30 jam untuk masing-masing ukuran diameter dengan dua kali proses sintering. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kawat superkonduktor memiliki suhu kritis yaitu Tc onset = 99 K dan Tc zero = 70 K. Waktu yang sangat berpengaruh pada pembentukan fasa superkonduktor yaitu sintering selama 9 jam sedangkan untuk ukuran diameter kawat yang memiliki suhu kritis yaitu 6 mm, sedangkan waktu sintering selama 30 jam dapat merubah fasa BPSCCO sehingga tidak terbentuk superkonduktor melainkan konduktor dan semikonduktor. Pada diameter 2,6 mm belum menjadi ukuran yang tepat pada pembentukan kawat superkonduktor.   The influence of sintering time and diameter on the formation of Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconducting wire with doped TiO2 by silver (Ag tube becomes important to be discussed because of the presence of critical temperature which is an essential condition in superconductors. In this research there are several steps must be done that is: material preparation, machine process, wire drawing and heat process. BPSCCO powder with dopant TiO2 filled into silver (Ag tube with calcination temperature at 820oC for 20 h, then rolling process to diameter 6 mm and 2,6 mm with sintering temperature at 850oC for 9 h and 30 h for each size of diameter by twice sintering process. The results showed that

  9. The application of spectrographic analysis to the radioisotope production control. II. Analysis of calcium-45, scandium-46, nickel-63, and copper-64 solutions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Capdevila, C.; Roca, M.

    1972-01-01

    Semi-quantitative and quantitative determinations of both the radioactive and the target element in each radioisotope are described. The copper-spark technique was used except for Cu determinations, that need silver or.graphite electro des. Inter-element effects and their compensation through the use of Bi, 6a, In, Ho, Pd, TI and Y as reference elements was examined. For the determination of Ca in Ca-45 samples, Ba, La, Li and Sr were also tested. Good results are achieved with Li for Ca, Y for Sc,Ti and Ni, and either In or Y for Cu and Zn. (Author) 7 refs

  10. The application of spectrographic analysis to the radioisotope production control. II. Analysis of calcium-45, scandium-46, nickel-63, and copper-64 solutions; Aplicacion del analisis espectrografico al control de produccion de radioisotopos. II. Analisis de soluciones de calcio-45, escandio-46, niquel-63 y cobre-64

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Capdevila, C.; Roca, M.

    1972-07-01

    Semi-quantitative and quantitative determinations of both the radioactive and the target element in each radioisotope are described. The copper-spark technique was used except for Cu determinations, that need silver or.graphite electro des. Inter-element effects and their compensation through the use of Bi, 6a, In, Ho, Pd, TI and Y as reference elements was examined. For the determination of Ca in Ca-45 samples, Ba, La, Li and Sr were also tested. Good results are achieved with Li for Ca, Y for Sc,Ti and Ni, and either In or Y for Cu and Zn. (Author) 7 refs.

  11. First-principles study of L10 Ti-Al and V-Al alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chubb, S.R.; Papaconstantopoulos, D.A.; Klein, B.M.

    1988-01-01

    As a first step towards understanding the reduced embrittlement of L1 0 Ti-Al alloys which accompanies the introduction of small concentrations of V, we have determined from first principles, using full-potential linearized--augmented-plane-wave calculations, the equilibrium values of the structural parameters and the associated electronic structure for the stoichiometric (L1 0 ) Ti-Al (tetragonal) compound. Our calculated values of c/a and a are in good agreement with experiment. Using the same method of calculation, we have also studied the electronic structure associated with the (hypothetical) L1 0 V-Al alloy that would form when V is substituted for Ti. We find that (1) the electronic structures of these V-Al alloys are relatively insensitive to variations of c/a and a; (2) near the Ti-Al equilibrium geometry, the electronic structures of the V-Al and Ti-Al alloys are very similar; and (3) that a rigid-band model involving substitution of V for Ti can be used to gain a qualitative understanding of the reduction in c/a which accompanies the introduction of small concentrations of V. We relate the reduction in c/a to important changes in the bonding that accompany the occupation of bands immediately above the Fermi level of the stoichiometric Ti-Al compound

  12. 2,5-hexanedione (HD) treatment alters calmodulin, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, and protein kinase C in rats' nerve tissues

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wang Qingshan; Hou Liyan; Zhang Cuili; Zhao Xiulan; Yu Sufang; Xie, Ke-Qin

    2008-01-01

    Calcium-dependent mechanisms, particularly those mediated by Ca 2+ /calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), have been implicated in neurotoxicant-induced neuropathy. However, it is unknown whether similar mechanisms exist in 2,5-hexanedione (HD)-induced neuropathy. For that, we investigated the changes of CaM, CaMKII, protein kinase C (PKC) and polymerization ratios (PRs) of NF-L, NF-M and NF-H in cerebral cortex (CC, including total cortex and some gray), spinal cord (SC) and sciatic nerve (SN) of rats treated with HD at a dosage of 1.75 or 3.50 mmol/kg for 8 weeks (five times per week). The results showed that CaM contents in CC, SC and SN were significantly increased, which indicated elevation of Ca 2+ concentrations in nerve tissues. CaMKII contents and activities were also increased in CC and were positively correlated with gait abnormality, but it could not be found in SC and SN. The increases of PKC contents and activities were also observed in SN and were positively correlated with gait abnormality. Except for that of NF-M in CC, the PRs of NF-L, NF-M and NF-H were also elevated in nerve tissues, which was consistent with the activation of protein kinases. The results suggested that CaMKII might be partly (in CC but not in SC and SN) involved in HD-induced neuropathy. CaMKII and PKC might mediate the HD neurotoxicity by altering the NF phosphorylation status and PRs

  13. Removal of chromium (VI) ions from aqueous solutions using amine-impregnated TiO2 nanoparticles modified cellulose acetate membranes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gebru, Kibrom Alebel; Das, Chandan

    2018-01-01

    In this work, TiO 2 nanoparticles (NPs) were modified using tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA), ethylenediamine (EDA), and hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) amines using impregnation process. The prepared amine modified TiO 2 samples were explored as an additive to fabricate ultrafiltration membranes with enhanced capacity towards the removal of chromium ions from aqueous solution. Modified membranes were prepared from cellulose acetate (CA) polymer blended with polyethylene glycol (PEG) additive, and amine modified TiO 2 by using phase inversion technique. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), zeta potential (ζ), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), water contact angle (WCA), and atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) studies were done to characterize the membranes in terms of chemical structure, electric charge, thermal stability, morphology, hydrophilicity, and removal performance. The pure water permeability and Cr (VI) ion removal efficiency of the unmodified (i.e. CA/U-Ti) and the amine modified (CA/Ti-HMTA, CA/Ti-EDA, and CA/Ti-TEPA) membranes were dependent on pH and metal ion concentration. Incorporation of amine modified TiO 2 composite to the CA polymer was found to improve the fouling and removal characteristics of the membranes during the chromium ultrafiltration process. The maximum removal efficiency result of Cr (VI) ions at pH of 3.5 using CA/Ti-TEPA membrane was 99.8%. The washing/regeneration cycle results in this study described as an essential part for prospect industrial applications of the prepared membranes. The maximum Cr (VI) removal results by using CA/Ti-TEPA membrane for four washing/regeneration cycles are 99.6%, 99.5%, 98.6% and, 96.6%, respectively. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  14. Isospin diffusion in binary collisions of 32S+Ca,4840 and 32S+48Ti at 17.7 MeV/nucleon

    Science.gov (United States)

    Piantelli, S.; Valdré, S.; Barlini, S.; Casini, G.; Colonna, M.; Baiocco, G.; Bini, M.; Bruno, M.; Camaiani, A.; Carboni, S.; Cicerchia, M.; Cinausero, M.; D'Agostino, M.; Degerlier, M.; Fabris, D.; Gelli, N.; Gramegna, F.; Gruyer, D.; Kravchuk, V. L.; Mabiala, J.; Marchi, T.; Morelli, L.; Olmi, A.; Ottanelli, P.; Pasquali, G.; Pastore, G.

    2017-09-01

    The systems 32S+Ca,4840 and 32S+48Ti at 17.7 MeV/nucleon were investigated with the setup general array for fragment identification and for emitted light particles in dissipative collisions (GARFIELD) plus ring counter (RCo) at Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro (LNL) of Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN). Fusion evaporation (FE), fusion fission (FF), and deep inelastic (DIC) events were identified, also through the comparison with the prediction of a transport model (stochastic mean field, SMF), coupled to GEMINI++ as an afterburner. This work mainly deals with the study of isospin transport phenomena in DIC events. In particular, the isospin diffusion is highlighted by comparing the average isotopic content of the quasiprojectile (QP) remnants observed when the target is the N =Z nucleus 40Ca and when it is the neutron-rich 48Ca. Also, the d /p and t /p ratios for particles forward emitted with respect to the QP were found to increase with increasing N /Z of the target.

  15. Giant dielectric response in (Sr, Sb) codoped CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics: A novel approach

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pradhan, M. K.; Rao, T. Lakshmana; Karna, Lipsarani; Dash, S.

    2018-04-01

    The CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) remains as the best material for practical applications due to its high dielectric constant. To improve further the dielectric properties of CCTO to several orders in magnitude, a novel approach is adopted by codoping of Sr, Sb ions. The ceramic samples were fabricated by the conventional solid state route. The structure, morphology and detail dielectric properties were investigated systematically. All the samples crystalizes in a cubic symmetry with Im-3 space group. Sr substituted in Ca site can effectively suppress the grain growth, achieving a fine grained ceramic structure; however the grain size decreased slightly as Sb concentration increased further; whereas the dielectric permittivity of the ceramics increased drastically. The giant dielectric response was considered to be closely related with a reduction in the potential barrier height at grain boundaries (GBs) supported by the reduction in the activation energy for the conduction process.

  16. Ferroelectricity-induced resistive switching in Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3/Pr0.7Ca0.3MnO3/Nb-doped SrTiO3 epitaxial heterostructure

    Science.gov (United States)

    Md. Sadaf, Sharif; Mostafa Bourim, El; Liu, Xinjun; Hasan Choudhury, Sakeb; Kim, Dong-Wook; Hwang, Hyunsang

    2012-03-01

    We investigated the effect of a ferroelectric Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (PZT) thin film on the generation of resistive switching in a stacked Pr0.7Ca0.3MnO3 (PCMO)/Nb-doped SrTiO3 (Nb:STO) heterostructure forming a p-n junction. To promote the ferroelectric effect, the thin PZT active layer was deposited on an epitaxially grown p-type PCMO film on a lattice-matched n-type Nb:STO single crystal. It was concluded that the observed resistive switching behavior in the all-perovskite Pt/PZT/PCMO/Nb:STO heterostructure was related to the modulation of PCMO/Nb:STO p-n junction's depletion width, which was caused either by the PZT ferroelectric polarization field effect, the electrochemical drift of oxygen ions under an electric field, or both simultaneously.

  17. A percepção dos gestores operacionais sobre os impactos gerados nos processos de trabalho após a implementação das melhores práticas de governança de TI no TRE/SC

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rosangela Klumb

    2014-08-01

    Full Text Available Este estudo objetivou compreender a percepção dos gestores operacionais da Secretaria de Tecnologia da Informação (STI do TRE/SC acerca dos impactos gerados nos processos de trabalho internos do órgão após a implementação das melhores práticas de governança de TI. Em termos metodológicos, trata-se de um estudo de caso descritivo-avaliativo, de abordagem qualitativa no que concerne às características e ao modo de investigação. Como resultados, verificou-se que até março de 2013 foram implementados oito dos 24 processos de governança de TI baseados no modelo Cobit, versão 4.1, definidos como meta do Planejamento Estratégico de TI para 2013. Concluiu-se que a percepção dos gestores é positiva em relação à governança de TI, embora existam algumas falhas, como na comunicação intra e interáreas e na centralização de informações por alguns setores.

  18. Investigation of CaTiO3:Pr3+ thin films deposited by radiofrequency reactive magnetron sputtering for electroluminescence application

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sarakha, L; Bousquet, A; Tomasella, E; Boutinaud, P; Mahiou, R

    2010-01-01

    In this report we successfully deposited thin films of CaTiO 3 :Pr 3+ by radiofrequency magnetron sputtering. The films were studied and we tried to understand the evolution of their optical and electrical properties. We noticed that the annealing temperature and the deposition pressures have an important influence on these properties. Thin films with good optical and electrical properties have been obtained. These films are transparent and are characterized by an intense red photoluminescence and a low fixed charge density. They are well dedicated for electroluminescence purposes.

  19. Effect of yttrium doping on the dielectric properties of CaCu{sub 3}Ti{sub 4}O{sub 12} thin film produced by chemical solution deposition

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Saji, Viswanathan S., E-mail: vssaji@chosun.ac.k [Chosun University, College of Dentistry and 2nd Stage of Brain Korea 21 for College of Dentistry, Gwangju-501-759 (Korea, Republic of); Choe, Han Cheol [Chosun University, College of Dentistry and 2nd Stage of Brain Korea 21 for College of Dentistry, Gwangju-501-759 (Korea, Republic of)

    2009-05-29

    Pure and yttrium substituted CaCu{sub 3}Ti{sub 4-x}Y{sub x}O{sub 12-x/} {sub 2} (x = 0, 0.02, 0.1) thin films were prepared on boron doped silica substrate employing chemical solution deposition, spin coating and rapid thermal annealing. The phase and microstructure of the sintered films were examined using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Dielectric properties of the films were measured at room temperature using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Highly ordered polycrystalline CCTO thin film with bimodal grain size distribution was achieved at a sintering temperature of 800 {sup o}C. Yttrium doping was found to have beneficial effects on the dielectric properties of CCTO thin film. Dielectric parameters obtained for a CaCu{sub 3}Ti{sub 4-x}Y{sub x}O{sub 12-x} {sub /2} (x = 0.02) film at 1 KHz were k {approx} 2700 and tan {delta} {approx} 0.07.

  20. Synthesis of cauliflower-like ZnO-TiO{sub 2} composite porous film and photoelectrical properties

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Jiang Yinhua, E-mail: jyinhua@126.com [School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013 (China) and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189 (China); Yan Yun; Zhang Wenli; Ni Liang [School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013 (China); Sun Yueming [School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189 (China); Yin Hengbo [School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013 (China)

    2011-05-15

    A series of cauliflower-like TiO{sub 2}-ZnO composite porous films with various molar ratios of Zn/Ti were prepared by the screen printing technique on the fluorine-doped SnO{sub 2} (FTO) conducting glasses. The composite films were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and UV-vis transmittance spectrum. The results showed composite film electrode had a novel cauliflower-like morphology, which could effectively increase the dye absorption. The corresponding dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) were made by the composite film, and effects of ZnO incorporation on the photovoltaic performances of the DSCs were studied. With the Zn/Ti molar ratio not more than 3% in ZnO-TiO{sub 2} composite film of about 5 {mu}m-thickness, the photocurrent density (J{sub sc}) and the solar-to-electricity conversion efficiency ({eta}) were greatly improved compared with those of the DSC based on bare TiO{sub 2} film of same thickness. This increases in efficiency and J{sub sc} were attributed to high electron conductivity of ZnO, the improved dye adsorption and large light transmittance of composite film.

  1. A mixture of anatase and rutile TiO2 nanoparticles induces histamine secretion in mast cells

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Chen Eric Y

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background Histamine released from mast cells, through complex interactions involving the binding of IgE to FcεRI receptors and the subsequent intracellular Ca2+ signaling, can mediate many allergic/inflammatory responses. The possibility of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs, a nanomaterial pervasively used in nanotechnology and pharmaceutical industries, to directly induce histamine secretion without prior allergen sensitization has remained uncertain. Results TiO2 NP exposure increased both histamine secretion and cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]C in a dose dependent manner in rat RBL-2H3 mast cells. The increase in intracellular Ca2+ levels resulted primarily from an extracellular Ca2+ influx via membrane L-type Ca2+ channels. Unspecific Ca2+ entry via TiO2 NP-instigated membrane disruption was demonstrated with the intracellular leakage of a fluorescent calcein dye. Oxidative stress induced by TiO2 NPs also contributed to cytosolic Ca2+ signaling. The PLC-IP3-IP3 receptor pathways and endoplasmic reticulum (ER were responsible for the sustained elevation of [Ca2+]C and histamine secretion. Conclusion Our data suggests that systemic circulation of NPs may prompt histamine release at different locales causing abnormal inflammatory diseases. This study provides a novel mechanistic link between environmental TiO2 NP exposure and allergen-independent histamine release that can exacerbate manifestations of multiple allergic responses.

  2. Influence of interface point defect on the dielectric properties of Y doped CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jianming Deng

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available CaCu3Ti4−xYxO12 (0≤x≤0.12 ceramics were fabricated with conventional solid-state reaction method. Phase structure and microstructure of prepared ceramics were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD and scanning electron microscopy (SEM, respectively. The impedance and modulus tests both suggested the existence of two different relaxation behavior, which were attributed to bulk and grain boundary response. In addition, the conductivity and dielectric permittivity showed a step-like behavior under 405K. Meanwhile, frequency independence of dc conduction became dominant when above 405K. In CCTO ceramic, rare earth element Y3+ ions as an acceptor were used to substitute Ti sites, decreasing the concentration of oxygen vacancy around grain-electrode and grain boundary. The reason to the reduction of dielectric behavior in low frequencies range was associated with the Y doping in CCTO ceramic.

  3. Role of doping and CuO segregation in improving the giant permittivity of CaCu3Ti4O12

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Capsoni, D.; Bini, M.; Massarotti, V.; Chiodelli, G.; Mozzatic, M.C.; Azzoni, C.B.

    2004-01-01

    The dopant role on the electric and dielectric properties of the perovskite-type CaCu 3 Ti 4 O 12 (CCTO) compound is evidenced. Impedance spectroscopy measurements show that the relevant permittivity value attributed to sintered CCTO is due to grain boundary (g.b.) effects. The g.b. permittivity value of the pure CCTO can be increased of 1-2 orders of magnitude by cation substitution on Ti site and/or segregation of CuO phase, while the bulk permittivity keeps values 90εr180. Bulk and g.b. conductivity contributions are discussed: electrons are responsible for the charge transport and a mean bulk activation energy of 0.07eV is obtained at room temperature for all the examined samples. The g.b. activation energy ranges between 0.54 and 0.76eV. Defect models related to the transport properties are proposed, supported by electron paramagnetic resonance measurements

  4. Determination of Sc and Th in ScI3-NaI-ThI4 sample

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yuan Hui; Yang Zhihong

    1999-01-01

    Determination of Sc and Th in ScI 3 -NaI-ThI 4 sample is studied by X-ray fluorescence and complexometry. The effect of working condition of Sc on X-ray fluorescence spectrometer and different sample-making method on the determination of Sc and Th are studied experimentally. The X-ray fluorescence analysis of determination of Sc and Th is developed by polyester film sample-making technique, the measuring precision of Sc and Th is better than 4%. The effect of acidity and temperature on the determining end point of titration is obvious. The results of different complexometric methods are compared. The precision of Sc and Th is less than 2% by comlexometry, it is fit for the routine analysis of ScI 3 -NaI-ThI 4 sample

  5. Texture of high temperature superconductor thick films TI-1223 and TI-2223/LaAlO3 deposited by spray pyrolysis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nguyen Xuan, H.; Beauquis, S.; Galez, Ph.; Jorda, J.L.; Phok, S.; De-Barros, D.

    2004-01-01

    Superconducting TI-1223 and TI-2223 films have been prepared in a two steps process: deposition of Ba:Ca:Cu = 2:2:3 precursor by spray pyrolysis and ex-situ thallination. Pure textured TI-1223 films with good superconducting properties (T c =113 K and J c =0.7 MA/cm 2 at 77 K, 0T) have been obtained. Almost pure TI-2223 films have been obtained when precursor films have been thallinated with fluorinated sources. (orig.)

  6. Structure, tribocorrosion and biocide characterization of Ca, P and I containing TiO{sub 2} coatings developed by plasma electrolytic oxidation

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sáenz de Viteri, V., E-mail: virginia.saenzdeviteri@tekniker.es [IK4-Tekniker, Polo Tecnológico de Eibar, Calle Iñaki Goenaga, 5, Eibar 20600 (Spain); Bayón, R.; Igartua, A. [IK4-Tekniker, Polo Tecnológico de Eibar, Calle Iñaki Goenaga, 5, Eibar 20600 (Spain); Barandika, G. [Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, Bilbao E-48080 (Spain); Moreno, J. Esteban; Peremarch, C. Pérez-Jorge; Pérez, M. Martínez [Department of Clinical Microbiology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, Madrid 28040 (Spain)

    2016-03-30

    Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • Ca, P and I doped TiO{sub 2} coatings were developed by means of plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) technique. • Microstructure and chemical composition of the developed coating were in depth analyzed. • The effect of wear-corrosion synergy was studied through tribocorrosion tests. • Antibacterial efficiency of iodine as biocide agent was analyzed by means of bacterial adhesion study. • A TiO{sub 2} coating with improved wear-corrosion resistance, suitable surface for cell adhesion and biocide properties was achieved. - Abstract: In hip joint implants, in particular in the stems, wear-corrosion effects can accelerate the degradation of the biomaterial. The lack of osseointegration and the risk of contracting implant-associated infections may be other reasons for a premature failure of the implant. In this work, TiO{sub 2} coatings have been developed by means of plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) technique in order to achieve wear-resistant hard coatings with osseointegration ability and biocide characteristics. During the PEO process, elements that favor cell growth, like Ca and P, were introduced into the coating. With the purpose of providing the coating with antibacterial properties iodine was added like biocide agent. The microstructure and chemical composition of the developed coatings were analyzed in order to see if the surface of the films was suitable for the cell attachment. The effect of wear-corrosion synergy was studied by means of tribocorrosion tests. Finally, the biocide capacity of iodine against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis was analyzed through bacterial adhesion tests. High wear and corrosion resistance was shown in one of the developed coatings. The achieved surface microstructures seem to be appropriate to improve the osseointegration with proper pore size and porosity index. The antibacterial capacity of iodine was confirmed for S. epidermidis.

  7. Magnetic engineering in InSe/black-phosphorus heterostructure by transition-metal-atom Sc-Zn doping in the van der Waals gap

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ding, Yi-min; Shi, Jun-jie; Zhang, Min; Zhu, Yao-hui; Wu, Meng; Wang, Hui; Cen, Yu-lang; Guo, Wen-hui; Pan, Shu-hang

    2018-07-01

    Within the framework of the spin-polarized density-functional theory, we have studied the electronic and magnetic properties of InSe/black-phosphorus (BP) heterostructure doped with 3d transition-metal (TM) atoms from Sc to Zn. The calculated binding energies show that TM-atom doping in the van der Waals (vdW) gap of InSe/BP heterostructure is energetically favorable. Our results indicate that magnetic moments are induced in the Sc-, Ti-, V-, Cr-, Mn- and Co-doped InSe/BP heterostructures due to the existence of non-bonding 3d electrons. The Ni-, Cu- and Zn-doped InSe/BP heterostructures still show nonmagnetic semiconductor characteristics. Furthermore, in the Fe-doped InSe/BP heterostructure, the half-metal property is found and a high spin polarization of 100% at the Fermi level is achieved. The Cr-doped InSe/BP has the largest magnetic moment of 4.9 μB. The Sc-, Ti-, V-, Cr- and Mn-doped InSe/BP heterostructures exhibit antiferromagnetic ground state. Moreover, the Fe- and Co-doped systems display a weak ferromagnetic and paramagnetic coupling, respectively. Our studies demonstrate that the TM doping in the vdW gap of InSe/BP heterostructure is an effective way to modify its electronic and magnetic properties.

  8. ORF Alignment: Ca19AnnotatedDec2004aaSeq [GENIUS II[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available n CaO19.6989 [Candida albicans SC5314] ... Length = 94 ... Query: 11 ... VKNLPYNTSNSSLYEFFGKYGYINQIRINSSQPG...TCFIIYHNIKNAQRAAQDLNGVNFNG 70 ... VKNLPYNTSNSSLYEFFGKYGYINQIRINSSQPGTCFIIY...HNIKNAQRAAQDLNGVNFNG Sbjct: 1 ... VKNLPYNTSNSSLYEFFGKYGYINQIRINSSQPGTCFIIYHNIKNAQRAAQDLNGVNFNG 60 ...

  9. Characterization of Ti6Al7Nb alloy foams surface treated in aqueous NaOH and CaCl2 solutions.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bütev, Ezgi; Esen, Ziya; Bor, Şakir

    2016-07-01

    Ti6Al7Nb alloy foams having 53-73% porosity were manufactured via evaporation of magnesium space holders. A bioactive 1µm thick sodium hydrogel titanate layer, NaxH2-xTiyO2y+1, formed after 5M NaOH treatment, was converted to crystalline sodium titanate, Na2TiyO2y+1, as a result of post-heat treatment. On the other hand, subsequent CaCl2 treatment of NaOH treated specimens induced calcium titanate formation. However, heat treatment of NaOH-CaCl2 treated specimens led to the loss of calcium and disappearance of the titanate phase. All of the aforementioned surface treatments reduced yield strengths due to the oxidation of the cell walls of the foams, while elastic moduli remained mostly unchanged. Accordingly, equiaxed dimples seen on the fracture surfaces of as-manufactured foams turned into relatively flat and featureless fracture surfaces after surface treatments. On the other hand, Ca- and Na-rich coating preserved their mechanical stabilities and did not spall during fracture. The relation between mechanical properties of foams and macro-porosity fraction were found to obey a power law. The foams with 63 and 73% porosity met the desired biocompatibility requirements with fully open pore structures and elastic moduli similar to that of bone. In vitro tests conducted in simulated body fluid (SBF) showed that NaOH-heat treated surfaces exhibit the highest bioactivity and allow the formation of Ca-P rich phases having Ca/P ratio of 1.3 to form within 5 days. Although Ca-P rich phases formed only after 15 days on NaOH-CaCl2 treated specimens, the Ca/P ratio was closer to that of apatite found in bone. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  10. Structural, electronic and elastic properties of the cubic CaTiO3 under pressure: A DFT study

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Saad Tariq

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available Using highly accurate FP-LAPW method with GGA approximation structural, electronic and elastic properties of cubic CaTiO3 have been calculated from 0-120 GPa range of pressure. It is observed that lattice constant, bond length and anisotropy factor decrease with increase in pressure. Also the brittle nature and indirect band-gap of the compound become ductile and direct band-gap respectively at 120 GPa. Moduli of elasticity, density of the material, Debye temperature and wave elastic wave velocities increase with increase in pressure. Spin dependent DOS’s plots show invariant anti-ferromagnetic nature of the compound under pressure. Our calculated results are in good agreement with available theoretical and experimental results.

  11. Optimization of reaction conditions for the radiolabeling of DOTA and DOTA-peptide with (44m/44)Sc and experimental evidence of the feasibility of an in vivo PET generator.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Huclier-Markai, S; Kerdjoudj, R; Alliot, C; Bonraisin, A C; Michel, N; Haddad, F; Barbet, J

    2014-05-01

    Among the number of generator systems providing radionuclides with decay parameters promising for imaging and treatment applications, there is the (44)Ti (T1/2=60 years)/(44)Sc (T1/2=3.97 h) generator. This generator provides a longer-lived daughter for extended PET/CT measurements compared to the chemically similar system (68)Ge/(68)Ga. Scandium also exists as (47)Sc, a potential therapeutic radionuclide. It is possible to produce (44)Sc in a cyclotron using, for example, the (44)Ca (d, n) (44)Sc nuclear reaction. In that case, the isomeric state (44 m)Sc (T1/2=58.6h) is co-produced and may be used as an in vivo(44 m)Sc/(44)Sc generator. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of this in vivo(44 m)Sc/(44)Sc generator and to demonstrate that the daughter radionuclide stays inside the chelator after decay of the parent radionuclide. Indeed, the physico-chemical process occurring after the primary radioactive decay (EC, IT, Auger electron …) has prevented in many cases the use of in-vivo generator, because of the post-effect as described in the literature. The DOTA macrocyclic ligand forms stable complexes with many cations and has been shown to be the most suitable chelating moiety for scandium. Initially, the radiolabeling of DOTA and a DOTA-peptide (DOTATATE) with Sc was performed and optimized as a function of time, pH, metal-to-ligand ratio and temperature. Next, the physico-chemical processes that could occur after the decay (post-effect) were studied. (44 m)Sc(III)-labeled DOTA-peptide was quantitatively adsorbed on a solid phase matrix through a hydrophobic interaction. Elutions were then performed at regular time intervals using a DTPA solution at various concentrations. Finally, the radiolabelled complex stability was studied in serum. Radiolabeling yields ranged from 90% to 99% for metal-to-ligand ratio ranging from 1:10 to 1:500 for DOTA or DOTATATE respectively. The optimum physico-chemical parameters were pH=4-6, t=20 min, T=70°C. Then

  12. Dielectric and electrical characteristics of Sr modified Ca1Cu3Ti4O12

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sahu, M.; Choudhary, R. N. P.; Roul, B. K.

    2018-05-01

    This paper mainly reports on the effect of Sr substitution on dielectric and electrical properties of CaCu3Ti4O12 at different temperature and frequency. Preliminary analysis of X-ray diffraction data of sintered samples confirms the reported cubic structure. Study of surface morphology shows that the surface of the samples contains well-defined and uniformly distributed grains. Some electrical parameters (permittivity, tangent loss and impedance) of the materials were measured and analyzed over a wide range of temperature (25 to 315 °C) and frequency (50 to 2x106 Hz). The ultra high dielectric constant and low energy dissipation have been observed in the said experimental conditions of phase-pure prepared compounds. It is expected that the addition of nano-size compounds or oxide will help to enhance the above properties useful for fabrication of super-capacitor.

  13. 47,49Ti NMR: hyperfine interactions in oxides and metals.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bastow, T J; Gibson, M A; Forwood, C T

    1998-10-01

    A 47,49Ti NMR characterisation is given of various polymorphs of TiO2 (anatase, rutile and brookite), Ti2O3, perovskites CaTiO3 and BaTiO3, FeTiO3, TiB2, titanium metal, the titanium aluminides Ti3Al, TiAl, TiAl2, TiAl3, and TiAg. Values of chemical or Knight shift, nuclear quadrupole coupling constant and asymmetry parameter were derived from the (1/2, -1/2) powder lineshapes. For TiB2, titanium metal, TiAl, and TiAl3, where +/- (1/2, 3/2), and higher satellite transitions were observed, a value for the axial component of the Knight shift was obtained.

  14. Hydrothermal treatment for TiN as abrasion resistant dental implant coating and its fibroblast response

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shi, Xingling; Xu, Lingli; Munar, Melvin L.; Ishikawa, Kunio

    2015-01-01

    Dental implant made of pure titanium (Ti) is prone to scratch and abrasion during routine oral hygiene procedures. This results an increase in surface roughness and therefore, facilitates the adhesion of bacteria. In severe cases, this could lead to peri-implantitis. To overcome this problem, surface modification of Ti is necessary to improve its abrasion resistance. Besides, a strong implant–gingiva interface should also be guaranteed to prevent the adhesion of bacteria. In this study, titanium nitride (TiN) coating was first prepared with gas nitriding to increase surface hardness of pure the substrate. Then, the TiN was hydrothermally treated in CaCl 2 solution in order to improve its soft tissue biocompatibility. The effect of hydrothermal treatment temperature on surface properties of TiN was investigated and its biocompatibility was assessed in vitro using NIH3T3 fibroblast cell. It was determined that 120 °C was the critical temperature for the hydrothermal treatment condition. Treatment below 120 °C could incorporate Ca into TiN surface, oxidize TiN surface partially and then improve the wettability while preserving its morphology and hardness. Fibroblast cell attachment and proliferation were improved and cell spreading was enhanced on hydrothermally treated specimens compared with untreated ones. Improved wettability, Ca incorporation and negative surface due to interstitial N were believed to be the main reasons. Hydrothermal treatment is expected to make TiN a promising dental implant coating with excellent abrasion resistance and good soft tissue affinity. - Highlights: • Ca was incorporated into TiN surface while not sacrificing its hardness. • Interstitial N due to oxidation promoted Ca adsorption and cell adhesion. • Hydrothermal treatment makes TiN a promising coating for dental implant

  15. Hydrothermal treatment for TiN as abrasion resistant dental implant coating and its fibroblast response

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Shi, Xingling, E-mail: shixingling1985@hotmail.com [School of Material Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003 (China); Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582 (Japan); Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Interventional Medical Devices, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003 (China); Xu, Lingli [School of Material Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003 (China); Munar, Melvin L.; Ishikawa, Kunio [Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582 (Japan)

    2015-04-01

    Dental implant made of pure titanium (Ti) is prone to scratch and abrasion during routine oral hygiene procedures. This results an increase in surface roughness and therefore, facilitates the adhesion of bacteria. In severe cases, this could lead to peri-implantitis. To overcome this problem, surface modification of Ti is necessary to improve its abrasion resistance. Besides, a strong implant–gingiva interface should also be guaranteed to prevent the adhesion of bacteria. In this study, titanium nitride (TiN) coating was first prepared with gas nitriding to increase surface hardness of pure the substrate. Then, the TiN was hydrothermally treated in CaCl{sub 2} solution in order to improve its soft tissue biocompatibility. The effect of hydrothermal treatment temperature on surface properties of TiN was investigated and its biocompatibility was assessed in vitro using NIH3T3 fibroblast cell. It was determined that 120 °C was the critical temperature for the hydrothermal treatment condition. Treatment below 120 °C could incorporate Ca into TiN surface, oxidize TiN surface partially and then improve the wettability while preserving its morphology and hardness. Fibroblast cell attachment and proliferation were improved and cell spreading was enhanced on hydrothermally treated specimens compared with untreated ones. Improved wettability, Ca incorporation and negative surface due to interstitial N were believed to be the main reasons. Hydrothermal treatment is expected to make TiN a promising dental implant coating with excellent abrasion resistance and good soft tissue affinity. - Highlights: • Ca was incorporated into TiN surface while not sacrificing its hardness. • Interstitial N due to oxidation promoted Ca adsorption and cell adhesion. • Hydrothermal treatment makes TiN a promising coating for dental implant.

  16. 33 CFR 80.712 - Morris Island, SC to Hilton Head Island, SC.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Morris Island, SC to Hilton Head..., SC to Hilton Head Island, SC. (a) A line drawn from the easternmost tip of Folley Island to the... easternmost extremity of Hilton Head at latitude 32°13.0′ N. longitude 80°40.1′ W. [CGD 77-118a, 42 FR 35784...

  17. Room-temperature picosecond high-order stimulated Raman scattering in laser garnet crystal hosts Gd3Ga5O12, Gd3Sc2Ga3O12, and Ca3(Nb,Ga)2Ga3O12

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kaminskii, Alexandr A; Eichler, H J; Findeisen, J; Ueda, Ken-ichi; Fernandez, J; Balda, R

    1998-01-01

    High-order Stokes and anti-Stokes generation in the visible and near-infrared in cubic laser crystal hosts Gd 3 Ga 5 O 12 , Gd 3 Sc 2 Ga 3 O 12 , and Ca 3 (Nb,Ga) 2 Ga 3 O 12 was observed for the first time. All scattering-laser components were identified and attributed to the SRS-active vibration modes of these garnet crystals. (letters to the editor)

  18. Optical and vibrational spectroscopy of Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3 modified lithium borate glass ceramics

    Science.gov (United States)

    Viswanath, Pamarti; Prashanth, Sadhu Sai Pavan; Molli, Muralikrishna; Wicram, Jaschin Prem; Sai Muthukumar, V.

    2018-04-01

    Glass ceramics are excellent replacement for single crystalline materials which are expensive and difficult to fabricate. In this context, we have attempted to fabricate glass nanocomposites comprising of Lithium Borate glass matrix embedded with lead free ferroelectric Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3 (BCZT). Both of these functional materials are known to exhibit excellent ferroelectric behavior and are currently explored for various device applications. We have prepared these novel glass nanocomposite using melt-quenching techniquein various chemical composition involving different molar ratio. x(Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3)-(1-x)(Li2O.2B2O3) where (x=0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4). The as-quenched samples exhibited amorphous nature as revealed by X-ray Diffraction studies. With the increase in BCZT content we have observed significant alteration in optical bandgap and Urbach energy. The tailoring of optical properties by tuning the structure was probed by Raman vibrational spectroscopy which confirmed the dominant role played by BCZT as a network modifier in these borate glasses. Concomitantly, these glass nanocomposites were found to be excellent UV absorbers.

  19. Structure and Dielectric Properties of (Sr0.2Ca0.488Nd0.208) TiO3-Li3NbO4 Ceramic Composites

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xia, C. C.; Chen, G. H.

    2017-12-01

    The new ceramic composites of (1-x) Li3NbO4-x (Sr0.2Ca0.488Nd0.208)TiO3 were prepared by the conventional solid state reaction method. The sintering behavior, phase composition, microstructure and microwave dielectric properties of the ceramics were investigated specially. The SEM and XRD results show that (1-x) Li3NbO4-x (Sr0.2Ca0.488Nd0.208) TiO3 (0.35≤x≤0.5) composites were composed of two phase, i.e. perovskite and Li3NbO4. With the increase of x, the ɛr increases from 27.1 to 38.7, Q×f decreases from 55000 GHz to 16770 GHz, and the τ f increases from -49 ppm/°C to 226.7 ppm/°C. The optimized dielectric properties with ɛr∼31.4, Q×f~16770GHz and τf~-8.1ppm/°C could be obtained as x=0.4 sintered at 1100°C for 4h. The as-prepared ceramic is expected to be used in resonators, filters, and other microwave devices.

  20. Synthesis and electrical characterization of Ca2Nd4Ti6O20 ceramics

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Muhammad Raz

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available Ca2Nd4Ti6O20, a layered perov skite structured material was synthesized via a chemical (citrate sol-gel route for the first time using nitrates and alkoxide precursors. Phase analysis of a sample sintered at 1625 °C revealed the formation of an orthorhombic (Pbn21 symmetry. The microstructure of the sample after sintering comprised rod-shaped grains of a size of 1.5 to 6.5µm. The room temperature dielectric constant of the sintered sample was 38 at 100 kHz. The remnant polarization (Pr and the coercive field (Ec were about 400 μC/cm2 and 8.4 kV/cm, respectively. Impedance spectroscopy revealed that the capacitance (13.7 pF and activation energy (1.39 eV of the grain boundary was greater than the capacitance (5.7 pF and activation energy (1.13 eV of the grain.

  1. Toxicity, tissue distribution and excretion of 46ScCl3 and 46Sc-EDTA in mice

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lachine, E.E.; Noujaim, A.A.; Ediss, C.; Wiebe, L.I.

    1976-01-01

    The acute toxicity, differential distribution in tissue, and elimination of ScCl 3 , 46 ScCl 3 , Sc-EDTA and 46 Sc-EDTA, in mice, has been investigated. The LD 50 sup(24hr) doses for ScCl 3 were 440 and 24 mg kg -1 respectively after intraperitioneal and intravenous injection, and 720 and 108 mg kg -1 respectively for Sc-EDTA. 46 ScCl 3 was extensively deposited in the liver and the spleen. 46 Sc-EDTA was rapidly taken up by the kidney with subsequent elimation via the urine. While-body desaturation kinetics for 46 Sc-EDTA were found to fit a three compartmental model. The fast elimination phase (T1/2 = 12.75 min; K = 0.05540 min -1 ) accounted for 74.6% of the dose; the intermediate phase (T1/2 = 40.2 min; K = 0.01722 min -1 ) for 21.8%, and the slow (T1/2 = 5351 min; K = 0.00013 min -1 ) for 3.6% of the dose. (author)

  2. Search for the weak non-analog Fermi branch in the 42Sc ground state beta decay

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    DelVecchio, R.M.; Daehnick, W.W.

    1978-01-01

    We have searched for the β-decay branch from the 4 2Sc ground state to the 1.837 MeV level in 4 2Ca. Since both states are J/sup π/ = 0 + , T = 1, this decay is an example of a non-analog Fermi decay which could occur by reason of some mixing of the analog ground states into the lowest excited 0 + state in both 4 2Sc and 4 2Ca. As a signal for this branch, we looked for a subsequent cascade γ ray with a Ge(Li) detector-rabbit arrangement. We found a branching ratio of (2.2 +- 1.7) x 10 - 5 relative to the superallowed ground state to ground state decay. Interpreted as an upper limit, this corresponds to a branching ratio - 5 at the 68% confidence level. This result is at the lower bound of what present theory can predict with a Coulomb force mixing calculation

  3. H-TiO2/C/MnO2 nanocomposite materials for high-performance supercapacitors

    Science.gov (United States)

    Di, Jing; Fu, Xincui; Zheng, Huajun; Jia, Yi

    2015-06-01

    Functionalized TiO2 nanotube arrays with decoration of MnO2 nanoparticles (denoted as H-TiO2/C/MnO2) have been synthesized in the application of electrochemical capacitors. To improve both areal and gravimetric capacitance, hydrogen treatment and carbon coating process were conducted on TiO2 nanotube arrays. By scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, it is confirmed that the nanostructure is formed by the uniform incorporation of MnO2 nanoparticles growing round the surface of the TiO2 nanotube arrays. Impedance analysis proves that the enhanced capacitive is due to the decrease of charge transfer resistance and diffusion resistance. Electrochemical measurements performed on this H-TiO2/C/MnO2 nanocomposite when used as an electrode material for an electrochemical pseudocapacitor presents quasi-rectangular shaped cyclic voltammetry curves up to 100 mV/s, with a large specific capacitance (SC) of 299.8 F g-1 at the current density of 0.5 A g-1 in 1 M Na2SO4 electrolyte. More importantly, the electrode also exhibits long-term cycling stability, only 13 % of SC loss after 2000 continuous charge-discharge cycles. Based on the concept of integrating active materials on highly ordered nanostructure framework, this method can be widely applied to the synthesis of high-performance electrode materials for energy storage.

  4. Magnetic moment of {sup 48}Sc

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ohtsubo, T., E-mail: tohtsubo@np.gs.niigata-u.ac.jp; Kawamura, Y.; Ohya, S. [Niigata University, Department of Physics (Japan); Izumikawa, T. [Niigata University, Radioisotope Center (Japan); Nishimura, K. [Toyama University, Faculty of Engineering (Japan); Muto, S. [Neutron Science Laboratory, KEK (Japan); Shinozuka, T. [Tohoku University, Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center (Japan)

    2007-11-15

    Nuclear magnetic resonances were measured for {sup 48}Sc and {sup 44m}Sc oriented at 8 mK in an Fe host metal. The magnetic hyperfine splitting frequencies at an external magnetic field of 0.2 T were determined to be 63.22(11) MHz and 64.81(1) MHz for {sup 48}Sc and {sup 44m}Sc, respectively. With the known magnetic moment of {mu}({sup 44m}Sc)=+3.88 (1) {mu}{sub N}, the magnetic moment of {sup 48}Sc is deduced as {mu}({sup 44}Sc)=+3.785(12) {mu}{sub N}. The measured magnetic moment of {sup 48}Sc is discussed in terms of the shell model using the effective interactions.

  5. Dielectric properties of Ca(Zr0.05Ti0.95)O3 thin films prepared by chemical solution deposition

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cavalcante, L.S.; Simoes, A.Z.; Santos, L.P.S.; Santos, M.R.M.C.; Longo, E.; Varela, J.A.

    2006-01-01

    Ca(Zr 0.05 Ti 0.95 )O 3 (CZT) thin films were grown on Pt(111)/Ti/SiO 2 /Si(100) substrates by the soft chemical method. The films were deposited from spin-coating technique and annealed at 928K for 4h under oxygen atmosphere. CZT films present orthorhombic structure with a crack free and granular microstructure. Atomic force microscopy and field-emission scanning electron microscopy showed that CZT present grains with about 47nm and thickness about 450nm. Dielectric constant and dielectric loss of the films was approximately 210 at 100kHz and 0.032 at 1MHz. The Au/CZT/Pt capacitor shows a hysteresis loop with remnant polarization of 2.5μC/cm 2 , and coercive field of 18kV/cm, at an applied voltage of 6V. The leakage current density was about 4.6x10 -8 A/cm 2 at 3V. Dielectric constant-voltage curve is located at zero bias field suggesting the absence of internal electric fields

  6. Effect of nanoporous TiO2 coating and anodized Ca2+ modification of titanium surfaces on early microbial biofilm formation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wennerberg Ann

    2011-03-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background The soft tissue around dental implants forms a barrier between the oral environment and the peri-implant bone and a crucial factor for long-term success of therapy is development of a good abutment/soft-tissue seal. Sol-gel derived nanoporous TiO2 coatings have been shown to enhance soft-tissue attachment but their effect on adhesion and biofilm formation by oral bacteria is unknown. Methods We have investigated how the properties of surfaces that may be used on abutments: turned titanium, sol-gel nanoporous TiO2 coated surfaces and anodized Ca2+ modified surfaces, affect biofilm formation by two early colonizers of the oral cavity: Streptococcus sanguinis and Actinomyces naeslundii. The bacteria were detected using 16S rRNA fluorescence in situ hybridization together with confocal laser scanning microscopy. Results Interferometry and atomic force microscopy revealed all the surfaces to be smooth (Sa ≤ 0.22 μm. Incubation with a consortium of S. sanguinis and A. naeslundii showed no differences in adhesion between the surfaces over 2 hours. After 14 hours, the level of biofilm growth was low and again, no differences between the surfaces were seen. The presence of saliva increased the biofilm biovolume of S. sanguinis and A. naeslundii ten-fold compared to when saliva was absent and this was due to increased adhesion rather than biofilm growth. Conclusions Nano-topographical modification of smooth titanium surfaces had no effect on adhesion or early biofilm formation by S. sanguinis and A. naeslundii as compared to turned surfaces or those treated with anodic oxidation in the presence of Ca2+. The presence of saliva led to a significantly greater biofilm biovolume but no significant differences were seen between the test surfaces. These data thus suggest that modification with sol-gel derived nanoporous TiO2, which has been shown to improve osseointegration and soft-tissue healing in vivo, does not cause greater biofilm

  7. Study of LiF:Mg,Ti and CaSO4:Dy dosimeters TL response to electron beams of 6 MeV applied to radiotherapy using PMMA and solid water phantoms

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bravim, A.; Sakuraba, R.K.; Cruz, J.C.; Campos, L.L.

    2011-01-01

    The performance of CaSO 4 :Dy and LiF:Mg,Ti dosimeters to electron beams applied to radiotherapy was investigated. The TL response of these dosimeters was studied for 6 MeV electron beams using PMMA and Solid Water (SW) phantoms. The dosimeters were previously separated in groups according to their TL individual sensitivities to 60 Co gamma-radiation in air under electronic equilibrium conditions. After that, they were irradiated with 6 MeV electron doses of 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5 and 10 Gy using a linear accelerator Clinac 2100C Varian of Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein – HIAE. The electron beam irradiations were performed using a 10 × 10 cm 2 field size, 100 cm source-phantom surface distance and the dosimeters were positioned at the depth of maximum dose (1.2 cm). The TL readings were carried out between 24 and 32 h after irradiation using a Harshaw 3500 TL reader. The TL dose–response of both type of dosimeters and phantoms presented linear behavior on the electron dose range from 0.1 to 5 Gy CaSO 4 :Dy dosimeter is 21 times more sensitive than LiF:Mg,Ti, dosimeter commonly used in clinical dosimetry. The obtained results indicate that the performance of CaSO 4 :Dy dosimeters is similar to LiF:Mg,Ti dosimeters and this material can be an alternative dosimetric material to be used to clinical electron beams dosimetry.

  8. Evolution of Spin fluctuations in CaFe2As2 with Co-doping.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sapkota, A.; Das, P.; Böhmer, A. E.; Abernathy, D. L.; Canfield, P. C.; Kreyssig, A.; McQueeney, R. J.; Goldman, A. I.

    Spin fluctuations are an essential ingredient for superconductivity in Fe-based supercondcutors. In Co-doped BaFe2As2, the system goes from the antiferromagnetic (AFM) state to the superconducting (SC) state with Co doping, and the spin fluctuations also evolve from well-defined spin waves with spin gap in the AFM regime to gapless overdamped or diffused fluctuations in the SC regime. CaFe2As2 has a stronger magneto-elastic coupling than BaFe2As2 and no co-existence of SC and AFM region as observed in BaFe2As2 with Co doping. Here, we will discuss the evolution of spin fluctuations in CaFe2As2 with Co doping. Work at the Ames Laboratory was supported by US DOE, Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Material Sciences and Engineering, under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. This research used resources of SNS, a DOE office of science user facility operated by ORNL.

  9. Concurrent ionic migration and electronic effects at the memristive TiO x /La1/3Ca2/3MnO3-x interface

    Science.gov (United States)

    Román Acevedo, W.; Ferreyra, C.; Sánchez, M. J.; Acha, C.; Gay, R.; Rubi, D.

    2018-03-01

    The development of reliable redox-based resistive random-access memory devices requires understanding and disentangling concurrent effects present at memristive interfaces. We report on the fabrication and electrical characterization of TiO x /La1/3Ca2/3MnO3-x microstructured interfaces and on the modeling of their memristive behavior. We show that a careful tuning of the applied external electrical stimuli allows controlling the redox process between both layers, obtaining multilevel non-volatile resistance states. We simulate the oxygen vacancies dynamics at the interface between both oxides, and successfully reproduce the experimental electrical behavior after the inclusion of an electronic effect, related to the presence of an n-p diode at the interface. The formation of the diode is due to the n- and p-character of TiO x and La1/3Ca2/3MnO3-x , respectively. Our analysis indicates that oxygen vacancies migration between both layers is triggered after the diode is polarized either in forward mode or in reverse mode above breakdown. Electrical measurements at different temperatures suggest that the diode can be characterized as Zener-type. The advantages of our junctions for their implementation in RRAM devices are finally discussed.

  10. Molecular properties of metal difluorides and their interactions with CO2 and H2O molecules: a DFT investigation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Arokiyanathan, Agnes Lincy; Lakshmipathi, Senthilkumar

    2017-11-18

    A computational study of metal difluorides (MF 2 ; M = Ca to Zn) and their interactions with carbon dioxide and water molecules was performed. The structural parameter values obtained and the results of AIM analysis and energy decomposition analysis indicated that the Ca-F bond is weaker and less ionic than the bonds in the transition metal difluorides. A deformation density plot revealed the stablizing influence of the Jahn-Teller effect in nonlinear MF 2 molecules (e.g., where M= Sc, Ti, Cr). An anaysis of the metal K-edge peaks of the difluorides showed that shifts in the edge energy were due to the combined effects of the ionicity, effective nuclear charge, and the spin state of the metal. The interactions of CO 2 with ScF 2 (Scc3 geometry) and TiF 2 (Tic2 geometry) caused CO 2 to shift from its usual linear geometry to a bent geometry (η 2 (C=O) binding mode), while it retained its linear geometry (η 1 (O) binding mode) when it interacted with the other metal difluorides. Energy decomposition analysis showed that, among the various geometries considered, the Scc3 and Tic2 geometries possessed the highest interaction energies and orbital interaction energies. Heavier transition metal difluorides showed stronger affinities for H 2 O, whereas the lighter transition metal (Sc and Ti) difluorides preferred CO 2 . Overall, the results of this study suggest that fluorides of lighter transition metals with partially filled d orbitals (e.g., Sc and Ti) could be used for CO 2 capture under moist conditions. Graphical abstract Interaction of metal difluorides with carbon dioxide and water.

  11. CERN: SC-33

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Anon.

    1991-06-15

    On 22 April a forward-looking CERN also looked back for a day, when the 'SC-33' event reviewed the achievements of CERN's first machine, the 600 MeV SynchroCyclotron (SC), which closed down on 17 December after 33 years of valiant service.

  12. Elastic properties of amorphous T0.75Y0.75B14 (T   =  Sc, Ti, V, Y, Zr, Nb) and the effect of O incorporation on bonding, density and elasticity (T ′  =  Ti, Zr)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hunold, Oliver; Keuter, Philipp; Bliem, Pascal; Music, Denis; Wittmers, Friederike; Ravensburg, Anna L; Schneider, Jochen M; Primetzhofer, Daniel

    2017-01-01

    We have systematically studied the effect of transition metal valence electron concentration (VEC) of amorphous T 0.75 Y 0.75 B 14 (a- T 0.75 Y 0.75 B 14 , T   =  Sc, Ti, V, Y, Zr, Nb) on the elastic properties, bonding, density and electronic structure using ab initio molecular dynamics. As the transition metal VEC is increased in both periods, the bulk modulus increases linearly with molar- and mass density. This trend can be understood by a concomitant decrease in cohesive energy. T ′  =  Ti and Zr were selected to validate the predicted data experimentally. A-Ti 0.74 Y 0.80 B 14 and a-Zr 0.75 Y 0.75 B 14 thin films were synthesized by high power pulsed magnetron sputtering. Chemical composition analysis revealed the presence of up to 5 at.% impurities, with O being the largest fraction. The measured Young’s modulus values for a-Ti 0.74 Y 0.80 B 14 (301  ±  8 GPa) and a-Zr 0.75 Y 0.75 B 14 (306  ±  9 GPa) are more than 20% smaller than the predicted ones. The influence of O incorporation on the elastic properties for these selected systems was theoretically studied, exemplarily in a-Ti 0.75 Y 0.75 B 12.75 O 1.25 . Based on ab initio data, we suggest that a-Ti 0.75 Y 0.75 B 14 exhibits a very dense B network, which is partly severed in a-Ti 0.75 Y 0.75 B 12.75 O 1.25 . Upon O incorporation, the average coordination number of B and the molar density decrease by 9% and 8%, respectively. Based on these data the more than 20% reduced Young’s modulus obtained experimentally for films containing impurities compared to the calculated Young’s modulus for a-Ti 0.75 Y 0.75 B 14 (without incorporated oxygen) can be rationalized. The presence of oxygen impurities disrupts the strong B network causing a concomitant decrease in molar density and Young’s modulus. Very good agreement between the measured and calculated Young’s modulus values is obtained if the presence of impurities is considered in the calculations. The

  13. High temperature crystallographic and thermodynamic investigations on synthetic calzirtite (Ca2Zr5Ti2O16)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jafar, M.; Phapale, S.; Achary, S.N.; Mishra, R.; Tyagi, A.K.

    2016-01-01

    Immobilization of actinides in the high level waste (HLW) produced from nuclear reactors in durable host matrix is one of the important concerns in nuclear power technology. Rock analogue (SYNROC) ceramic composites of titanates and zirconates namely zirconolite, calzirtite etc. have been proposed as alternate host matrix for disposal of long lived fission products. These minerals have ability to incorporate or immobilize a wider variety of ions simultaneously without further segregation to any other phases and are stable in geothermal conditions. Knowledge of thermodynamic stability of these minerals is important for their deployment as host matrix for actinide waste disposal. In this work crystal structure and thermodynamic parameters of a mineral analogous titanate termed as calzirtite (Ca 2 Zr 5 Ti 2 O 16 ) has been determined

  14. A-site substitution effect of strontium on bismuth layered CaBi4Ti4O15 ceramics on electrical and piezoelectric properties

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tanwar, Amit; Verma, Maya; Gupta, Vinay; Sreenivas, K.

    2011-01-01

    Strontium substituted CaBi 4 Ti 4 O 15 ceramics with the chemical formula Ca 1-x Sr x Bi 4 Ti 4 O 15 (CSBT) (x = 0.0-1.0) have been prepared through conventional solid state route. The formation of single phase material with orthorhombic structure was verified from X-ray diffraction with incorporation of Sr substitution. Decrease in a-axis displacement of Bi ion in the perovskite structure in the CSBT ceramics were observed from the relative changes in soft mode (20 cm -1 ) in the Raman spectra, and increase in Sr incorporation shows the shift in ferroelectric to paraelectric phase transition temperature. The dielectric properties for all the CSBT ceramic compositions are studied as a function of temperature over the frequency range of 100 Hz-1 MHz. Curie's temperature was found to be function of Sr substitution and with increase in the Sr concentration the phase transition becomes sharper and phase transition temperature gets shifted towards lower temperature (790-545 deg. C). The behavior of ac conductivity as a function of frequency (100 Hz-1 MHz) at low temperature ( 33 ) whereas piezoelectric charge coefficient values were found comparable to that of PZT at room temperature. Relative changes in soft modes due to Sr incorporation results in high piezoelectricity in the CSBT ceramics.

  15. Laachite, (Ca,Mn){sub 2}Zr{sub 2}Nb{sub 2}TiFeO{sub 14}, a new zirconolite-related mineral from the Eifel volcanic region, Germany

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Chukanov, Nikita V. [Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Chernogolovka (Russian Federation); Krivovichev, Sergey V.; Pakhomova, Anna S. [St. Petersburg State Univ. (Russian Federation). Faculty of Crystallography; Pekov, Igor V.; Vigasina, Marina F. [Moscow State Univ. (Russian Federation). Faculty of Geology; Schaefer, Christof [Suedwestdeutsche Salzwerke AG, Heilbronn (Germany); Van, Konstantin V. [Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka (Russian Federation). Inst. of Experimental Mineralogy

    2014-02-15

    The new mineral laachite was discovered in a sanidinite specimen from the Laach Lake (Laacher See) volcano, Eifel region, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany. Associated minerals are sanidine, allanite-(Ce), baddeleyite, hau¨yne, hedenbergite, intermediate members of the jacobsite-magnetite series, phlogopite, rhodonite, spessartine, tephroite, thorite, zircon, and a pyrochlore-group mineral. Laachite is deep brownish-red, has an adamantine lustre, and is translucent; the streak is brownish red. It forms longprismatic crystals up to 0.02 x 0.04 x 0.5 mm, which are present as random intergrowths and twins in cavities within sanidinite. The density calculated from the empirical formula is 5.417 g/cm{sup 3}. The mean refractive index calculated from the Gladstone-Dale relationship is 2.26. The Raman spectrum shows the absence of hydrogen-bearing groups. The chemical composition is (electron microprobe, mean of 5 analyses, wt. %): CaO 4.29, MnO 9.42, FeO 5.73, Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} 2.56, La{sub 2}O{sub 3} 2.00, Ce{sub 2}O{sub 3} 6.37, Nd{sub 2}O{sub 3} 2.22, Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} 0.99, ThO{sub 2} 7.75, TiO{sub 2} 10.98, ZrO{sub 2} 19.39, Nb{sub 2}O{sub 5} 27.82, total 99.52. The empirical formula based on 14 O atoms is: (Ca{sub 0.66}Mn{sub 0.37}Th{sub 0.25}Y{sub 0.20}La{sub 0.11}Ce{sub 0.34}Nd{sub 0.11})(Zr{sub 1.3} {sub 6}Mn{sub 0.64})(Nb{sub 1.81}Ti{sub 1.19})(Fe{sub 0.69}Al{sub 0.17}Mn{sub 0.14})O{sub 14.00}. The simplified formula, taking into account the structural data, is: (Ca,Mn){sub 2}(Zr,Mn){sub 2}Nb{sub 2}TiFeO{sub 14}. Laachite is monoclinic, space group C2/c, a = 7.3119(5), b = 14.1790(10), c = 10.1700(7)Aa, β = 90.072(2), V = 1054.38(1) Aa{sup 3}, Z = 4. The crystal structure was solved using single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. Laachite is a monoclinic analogue of zirconolite-3O, CaZrTi{sub 2}O{sub 7}, with Nb dominant over Ti in the octahedral sites Nb1 and Nb2 and Fe dominant in a site with four-fold coordination. The strongest lines of the powder X-ray diffraction

  16. Electrorheological effect of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag with different TiC contents at 1500°C

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yue, Hong-rui; Jiang, Tao; Zhang, Qiao-yi; Duan, Pei-ning; Xue, Xiang-xin

    2017-07-01

    The electrorheological properties of CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-TiO2-TiC slags were investigated to enhance understanding of the effect of TiC addition on the viscosity, yield stress, and fluid pattern of Ti-bearing slags in a direct-current electric field. The viscosities and shear stresses of 4wt% and 8wt% TiC slags were found to increase substantially with increasing electric field intensity, whereas virtually no rheological changes were observed in the 0wt% TiC slag. The Herschel-Bulkley model was applied to demonstrate that the fluid pattern of the 4wt% TiC slag was converted from that of a Newtonian fluid to that of a Bingham fluid in response to the applied electric field; and the static yield stress increased linearly with the square of the electric field intensity.

  17. Novel 2D or 3D alkaline-earth metal sulfonate-phosphonates based on [O 3S-C 2H 4-PO 3H] 2- ligand

    Science.gov (United States)

    Du, Zi-Yi; Wen, He-Rui; Xie, Yong-Rong

    2008-11-01

    Three novel alkaline-earth metal sulfonate-phosphonates based on [O 3S-C 2H 4-PO 3H] 2- ligand, namely, [Ca(O 3SC 2H 4PO 3H)(H 2O) 2] ( 1), [Sr(O 3SC 2H 4PO 3H)] ( 2) and [Ba 2(O 3SC 2H 4PO 3H) 2] ( 3), have been synthesized by hydrothermal reactions. They represent the first structurally characterized alkaline-earth metal complexes of phosphonic acid attached with a sulfonate group. The structure of compound 1 features a 2D layer based on 1D chains of [Ca 2(PO 3) 2] bridged by -CH 2-CH 2-SO 3- groups. Compounds 2 and 3 show pillar-layer architecture based on two different inorganic layers linked by -CH 2-CH 2- groups. The inorganic layer in compound 2 features a 1D chain of edge-sharing SrO 8 polyhedra whereas that in compound 3 features an edge-sharing Ba 2O 14 di-polyhedral unit which is further corner-shared with four neighboring ones. The [O 3S-C 2H 4-PO 3H] 2- ligand shows diverse coordination modes in the three alkaline-earth metal sulfonate-phosphonates.

  18. Impedance spectroscopy studies on lead free (Ba0.85Ca0.15(Ti0.9Zr0.1O3 ceramics

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ahcène Chaouchi

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available The AC complex impedance spectroscopy technique has been used to obtain the electrical parameters of polycrystalline sample of (Ba0.85Ca0.15(Ti0.9Zr0.1O3 in a wide frequency range at different temperatures. This sample was prepared by a high temperature solid-state reaction technique and single phase formation was confirmed by X-ray diffraction technique. This study was carried out by the means of simultaneous analysis of impedance, modulus, and electrical conductivity. The Cole-Cole (Nyquist plots suggest that the grains and grain boundaries are responsible in the conduction mechanism of the material at high temperature. The ColeCole (Nyquist plot studies revealed the presence of grain and grain boundary effect at 485 °C. On the other hand, it showed only the presence of grain boundary component of the resistivity at 535 °C. Complex impedance analysis indicated the presence of non-Debye type dielectric relaxation. The bulk resistance of the material decreases with rise in temperature similar to a semiconductor, and the Cole-Cole (Nyquist plot showed the negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR character of (Ba0.85Ca0.15(Ti0.9Zr0.1O3. The value of activation energy is found to be 0.7433 eV, which suggests that the conduction may be the result of defect and charge carriers present in the materials.

  19. CERN: SC-33

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    1991-01-01

    On 22 April a forward-looking CERN also looked back for a day, when the 'SC-33' event reviewed the achievements of CERN's first machine, the 600 MeV SynchroCyclotron (SC), which closed down on 17 December after 33 years of valiant service

  20. S-C Mylonites

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Lister, G.S.; Snoke, A.W.

    1984-01-01

    Two types of foliations are commonly developed in mylonites and mylonitic rocks: (a) S-surfaces related to the accumulation of finite strain and (b) C-surfaces related to displacement discontinuities or zones of relatively high shear strain. There are two types of S-C mylonites. Type I S-C

  1. Role of strained nano-regions in the formation of subgrains in CaCu3Ti4O12

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fang, Tsang-Tse; Wang, Yong-Huei; Kuo, Jui-Chao

    2011-07-01

    Single-phase CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) was synthesized by solid-state reaction. Electron backscatter diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy were adopted to characterize the grain orientation, microstructure, and surface morphology of the CCTO samples with or without thermal etching. Bump strained nano-regions induced by the local compositional disorder at a nano-scale have been discovered, being the origin of the formation of subgrains in CCTO. The proposed mechanism for the formation of subgrains involves the formation of etched pits and subboundaries pertaining to the strained nano-regions rather than dislocation displacement. The dielectric response inside the grains of CCTO relevant to the strained nano-regions is also discussed.

  2. Structural, electronic and elastic properties of the cubic CaTiO{sub 3} under pressure: A DFT study

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Tariq, Saad, E-mail: saadigi@hotmail.com; Ahmed, Afaq; Tariq, Samar [Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of Punjab, Lahore, 54000 (Pakistan); Saad, Saher [Centre for High Energy Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore (Pakistan)

    2015-07-15

    Using highly accurate FP-LAPW method with GGA approximation structural, electronic and elastic properties of cubic CaTiO{sub 3} have been calculated from 0-120 GPa range of pressure. It is observed that lattice constant, bond length and anisotropy factor decrease with increase in pressure. Also the brittle nature and indirect band-gap of the compound become ductile and direct band-gap respectively at 120 GPa. Moduli of elasticity, density of the material, Debye temperature and wave elastic wave velocities increase with increase in pressure. Spin dependent DOS’s plots show invariant anti-ferromagnetic nature of the compound under pressure. Our calculated results are in good agreement with available theoretical and experimental results.

  3. Experimental and numerical investigation of a ceramic dielectric resonator (DRA): CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Almeida, A.F.L.; Silva, R.R.; Rocha, H.H.B.; Fechine, P.B.A.; Cavalcanti, F.S.A.; Valente, M.A.; Freire, F.N.A.; Sohn, R.S.T.M.

    2008-01-01

    In this study, the CaCu 3 Ti 4 O 12 (CCTO) ceramic phase was synthesized by microwave heating in a much shorter time compared to the conventional heating methods. The results indicate that microwave processing is a promising method for preparing CCTO ceramics. CCTO was prepared using a domestic microwave oven operated at 2.45 GHz with 800 W. After a few minutes of microwave irradiation the formation of CCTO was confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction. The CCTO ceramic was studied in the medium-frequency (MF) range (100 Hz-1 MHz) and in the microwave range of frequencies. The experimental and theoretical characteristics of the dielectric resonator antenna are investigated

  4. First-in-Human PET/CT Imaging of Metastatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms with Cyclotron-Produced 44Sc-DOTATOC: A Proof-of-Concept Study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Singh, Aviral; van der Meulen, Nicholas P; Müller, Cristina; Klette, Ingo; Kulkarni, Harshad R; Türler, Andreas; Schibli, Roger; Baum, Richard P

    2017-05-01

    44 Sc is a promising positron emission tomography (PET) radionuclide (T 1/2  = 4.04 hours, E β+average  = 632 keV) and can be made available, using a cyclotron production route, in substantial quantities as a highly pure product. Herein, the authors report on a first-in-human PET/CT study using 44 Sc-DOTATOC prepared with cyclotron-produced 44 Sc. The production of 44 Sc was carried out through the 44 Ca(p,n) 44 Sc nuclear reaction at Paul Scherrer Institut, Switzerland. After separation, 44 Sc was shipped to Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Germany, where radiolabeling was performed, yielding radiochemically pure 44 Sc-DOTATOC. Two patients, currently followed up after peptide receptor radionuclide therapy of metastatic neuroendocrine neoplasms, participated in this proof-of-concept study. Blood sampling was performed before and after application of 44 Sc-DOTATOC. PET/CT acquisitions, performed at different time points after injection of 44 Sc-DOTATOC, allowed detection of even very small lesions on delayed scans. No clinical adverse effects were observed and the laboratory hematological, renal, and hepatic profiles remained unchanged. In this study, cyclotron-produced 44 Sc was used in the clinic for the first time. It is attractive for theranostic application with 177 Lu, 90 Y, or 47 Sc as therapeutic counterparts. 44 Sc-based radiopharmaceuticals will be of particular value for PET facilities without radiopharmacy, to which they can be shipped from a centralized production site.

  5. Determination of 46Sc in water

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Huo Bijun; Ji Zhaogang; Wang Juying

    1985-01-01

    Analytical procedures for the determination of 46 Sc in water is presented. 46 Sc in water is concentrated with Fe(OH) 3 ; Then 46 Sc is extracted with TBP and purified by precipitating it with Amygdalic Acid. Finally the precipitate is ignited into Sc 2 O 3 under 800 deg C and β-activity is counted. In this method chemical reeovery for Sc was (90.8 +- 2.8)% and radiochemical recovery for 46 Sc was (89.8 +- 3.8)%. Purification factors for some of the relevant Radionuclides ranged from 10 3 to 10 5

  6. Improvement of the bio-functional properties of TiO{sub 2} nanotubes

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Roguska, A. [Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw (Poland); Pisarek, M., E-mail: mpisarek@ichf.edu.pl [Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw (Poland); Belcarz, A. [Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin (Poland); Marcon, L. [Interdisciplinary Research Institute, USR CNRS 3078 Parc de la Haute Borne, 50 av. de Halley 59658 Villeneuve d’Ascq (France); Holdynski, M. [Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw (Poland); Andrzejczuk, M. [Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw (Poland); Janik-Czachor, M. [Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw (Poland)

    2016-12-01

    Highlights: • The methods of biofunctional properties improvement of TiO{sub 2} nanotubes are proposed. • The increase of TiO{sub 2} nanotubes diameter promotes the U2OS cell proliferation. • Calcium phosphate coating deposited TiO{sub 2} nanotube layer promotes the cell growth. • Deposition of Ag nanoparticles inhibits the survivability of S. epidermidis cells. - Abstract: Titanium oxide nanotubes with diameters from ca. 40–120 nm fabricated by the anodic oxidation of Ti at a constant voltage (10–28 V) were investigated to identify factors improving their bio-functional properties. Prepared substrates were subsequently annealed at 450 °C and 650 °C to obtain nanotubes having a crystalline structure, and were then examined by SEM, XRD, XPS, BET and contact angle measurement techniques. The thermally stabilized surfaces were subjected to bidirectional functionalization: by deposition of a thin layer of Ca-P and by loading with silver nanoparticles. Three factors were found to promote the proliferation of osteoblast (U2OS) cells: a larger nanotube diameter, a higher annealing temperature, and the presence of a thin Ca-P layer. Differentiation of these cells (by ALP test) was stimulated by a higher (650 °C) nanotube annealing temperature, but not by a thin Ca-P layer. The TiO{sub 2} nanotubes-modified samples exhibited noticeable antibacterial properties. Moreover, the additional deposition of Ag nanoparticles almost completely inhibited the survivability of S. epidermidis cells beyond 3 h of contact. In conclusion, TiO{sub 2} nanotubes-modified surfaces exhibit distinct bone forming ability and significant antibacterial properties, and can be easily functionalized by a thin Ca-P layer or nano-Ag deposition for further improvement of the above functionalities.

  7. The effect of Sc additions on the microstructure and age hardening behaviour of as cast Al–Sc alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Costa, S.; Puga, H.; Barbosa, J.; Pinto, A.M.P.

    2012-01-01

    Highlights: ► The Sc effect on the microstructure and ageing behaviour of Al–Sc alloys is studied. ► Cast into copper mould allows the elimination of solution heat treatment. ► Directly aged as cast alloys exhibits higher hardness and precipitation kinetics. ► Sc addition and optimised ageing result in an increase in Al–Sc mechanical properties. -- Abstract: The grain refinement effect and the ageing behaviour of Al–0.5 wt.% Sc, Al–0.7 wt.% Sc, and Al–1 wt.% Sc alloys are studied on the basis of optic microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) observations and hardness measurements. In Al–Sc alloys the higher grain refinement is observed for Sc contents greater than 0.5 wt.% accompanied by a notorious morphology modification, from coarse columnar grains to a fine perfect equiaxed structure. The as cast structures are characterised by a rich supersaturated solid solution in Sc, that promotes a great age hardening response at 250 °C and 300 °C. The age hardening curves also demonstrate a low overageing kinetics for all the alloys. Although the higher Sc content in solid solution for the alloys with 0.7 and 1 wt.% Sc, the age hardening response of all the Al–Sc alloys remains similar. The direct age hardening response of the as cast Al–0.5 wt.% Sc is shown to be greater than the solutionised and age hardened alloy.

  8. Structural studies of CaAl{sub 12}O{sub 19}, SrAl{sub 12}O{sub 19}, La{sub 2/3+δ}Al{sub 12-δ}O{sub 19}, and CaAl{sub 10}NiTiO{sub 19} with the hibonite structure; indications of an unusual type of ferroelectricity

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Li, Jun; Medina, Elena A.; Sleight, Arthur W.; Subramanian, M.A. [Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR (United States). Dept. of Chemistry; Stalick, Judith K. [National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD (United States). Center for Neutron Research

    2016-08-01

    Various oxides with the hibonite structure were synthesized and structurally analyzed using powder neutron diffraction. The structure of CaAl{sub 12}O{sub 19} at 298 and 11 K shows dipoles that are apparently too dilute to order unless subjected to a suitable electric field. Magnetoplumbites, such as BaFe{sub 12}O{sub 19}, are isostructural with hibonite. These compounds possess ferromagnetic properties, which combined with the electric dipoles may influence multiferroic behavior. Our SrAl{sub 12}O{sub 19} sample showed two distinct hexagonal phases, a major phase with the normal hibonite structure and a minor phase having a closely related structure. Our sample of the defect hibonite phase La{sub 2/3+δ}Al{sub 12-δ}O{sub 19} shows a distinctly higher δ value (0.25) vs. that reported (∝ 0.15) for samples made from the melt. Finally, we used to advantage the negative scattering length of Ti to determine the site occupancies of Ni and Ti in CaAl{sub 10}NiTiO{sub 19}.

  9. A Comparison in Mechanical Properties of Cermets of Calcium Silicate with Ti-55Ni and Ti-6Al-4V Alloys for Hard Tissues Replacement

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Azim Ataollahi Oshkour

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available This study investigated the impact of calcium silicate (CS content on composition, compressive mechanical properties, and hardness of CS cermets with Ti-55Ni and Ti-6Al-4V alloys sintered at 1200°C. The powder metallurgy route was exploited to prepare the cermets. New phases of materials of Ni16Ti6Si7, CaTiO3, and Ni31Si12 appeared in cermet of Ti-55Ni with CS and in cermet of Ti-6Al-4V with CS, the new phases Ti5Si3, Ti2O, and CaTiO3, which were emerged during sintering at different CS content (wt%. The minimum shrinkage and density were observed in both groups of cermets for the 50 and 100 wt% CS content, respectively. The cermets with 40 wt% of CS had minimum compressive Young’s modulus. The minimum of compressive strength and strain percentage at maximum load were revealed in cermets with 50 and 40 wt% of CS with Ti-55Ni and Ti-6Al-4V cermets, respectively. The cermets with 80 and 90 wt% of CS showed more plasticity than the pure CS. It concluded that the composition and mechanical properties of sintered cermets of Ti-55Ni and Ti-6Al-4V with CS significantly depend on the CS content in raw cermet materials. Thus, the different mechanical properties of the cermets can be used as potential materials for different hard tissues replacements.

  10. A Comparison in Mechanical Properties of Cermets of Calcium Silicate with Ti-55Ni and Ti-6Al-4V Alloys for Hard Tissues Replacement

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pramanik, Sumit; Shirazi, Seyed Farid Seyed; Mehrali, Mehdi; Yau, Yat-Huang; Abu Osman, Noor Azuan

    2014-01-01

    This study investigated the impact of calcium silicate (CS) content on composition, compressive mechanical properties, and hardness of CS cermets with Ti-55Ni and Ti-6Al-4V alloys sintered at 1200°C. The powder metallurgy route was exploited to prepare the cermets. New phases of materials of Ni16Ti6Si7, CaTiO3, and Ni31Si12 appeared in cermet of Ti-55Ni with CS and in cermet of Ti-6Al-4V with CS, the new phases Ti5Si3, Ti2O, and CaTiO3, which were emerged during sintering at different CS content (wt%). The minimum shrinkage and density were observed in both groups of cermets for the 50 and 100 wt% CS content, respectively. The cermets with 40 wt% of CS had minimum compressive Young's modulus. The minimum of compressive strength and strain percentage at maximum load were revealed in cermets with 50 and 40 wt% of CS with Ti-55Ni and Ti-6Al-4V cermets, respectively. The cermets with 80 and 90 wt% of CS showed more plasticity than the pure CS. It concluded that the composition and mechanical properties of sintered cermets of Ti-55Ni and Ti-6Al-4V with CS significantly depend on the CS content in raw cermet materials. Thus, the different mechanical properties of the cermets can be used as potential materials for different hard tissues replacements. PMID:25538954

  11. Ca isotopes in refractory inclusions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Niederer, F.R.; Papanastassiou, D.A.

    1984-01-01

    We report measurements of the absolute isotope abundance of Ca in Ca-Al-rich inclusions from the Allende and Leoville meteorites. Improved high precision measurements are reported also for 46 Ca. We find that nonlinear isotope effects in Ca are extremely rare in these inclusions. The absence of nonlinear effects in Ca, except for the effects in FUN inclusions, is in sharp contrast to the endemic effects in Ti. One fine-grained inclusion shows an excess of 46 Ca of (7 +- 1) per mille, which is consistent with addition of only 46 Ca or of an exotic (*) component with 46 Ca* approx. 48 Ca*. FUN inclusion EK-1-4-1 shows a small 46 Ca excess of (3.3 +- 1.0) per mille; this confirms that the exotic Ca components in EK-1-4-1 were even more deficient in 46 Ca relative to 48 Ca than is the case for normal Ca. The Ca in the Ca-Al-rich inclusions shows mass dependent isotope fractionation effects which have a range from -3.8 to +6.7 per mille per mass unit difference. This range is a factor of 20 wider than the range previously established for bulk meteorites and for terrestrial and lunar samples. Ca and Mg isotope fractionation effects in the Ca-Al-rich inclusions are common and attributed to kinetic isotope effects. (author)

  12. Synthesis, microstructural characterization and optical properties of undoped, V and Sc doped ZnO thin films

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Amezaga-Madrid, P.; Antunez-Flores, W.; Ledezma-Sillas, J.E.; Murillo-Ramirez, J.G.; Solis-Canto, O.; Vega-Becerra, O.E.; Martinez-Sanchez, R.; Miki-Yoshida, M.

    2011-01-01

    Research highlights: → Undoped, V and Sc doped ZnO thin films by Aerosol Assisted Chemical Vapour Deposition. → Optimum substrate temperatures of 673 K and 623 K for Sc and V doped films. → Around one third of the dopants in solution were deposited into the films. → Crystallite and grain size decreased with the increase of dopant concentration. → Optical band gap increased from 3.29 to 3.32 eV for undoped to 7 Sc/Zn at. %. - Abstract: Many semiconductor oxides (ZnO, TiO 2 , SnO 2 ) when doped with a low percentage of non-magnetic (V, Sc) or magnetic 3d (Co, Mn, Ni, Fe) cation behave ferromagnetically. They have attracted a great deal of interest due to the integration of semiconducting and magnetic properties in a material. ZnO is one of the most promising materials to carry out these tasks in view of the fact that it is optically transparent and has n or p type conductivity. Here, we report the synthesis, microstructural characterization and optical properties of undoped, V and Sc doped zinc oxide thin films. ZnO based thin films with additions of V and Sc were deposited by the Aerosol Assisted Chemical Vapour Deposition method. V and Sc were incorporated separately in the precursor solution. The films were uniform, transparent and non-light scattering. The microstructure of the films was characterized by Grazing Incidence X-ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Scanning Probe Microscopy. Average grain size and surface rms roughness were estimated by the measurement of Atomic Force Microscopy. The microstructure of doped ZnO thin films depended on the type and amount of dopant material incorporated. The optical properties were determined from specular reflectance and transmittance spectra. Results were analyzed to determine the optical constant and band gap of the films. An increase in the optical band gap with the content of Sc dopant was obtained.

  13. Apical P2XR contribute to [Ca2+]i signaling and Isc in mouse renal MCD.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Liuzhe; Lynch, I Jeanette; Zheng, Wencui; Cash, Melanie N; Teng, Xueling; Wingo, Charles S; Verlander, Jill W; Xia, Shen-Ling

    2007-08-03

    We examined P2X receptor expression and distribution in the mouse collecting duct (CD) and their functional role in Ca(2+) signaling. Both P2X(1) and P2X(4) were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated apical P2X(1) and P2X(4) immunoreactivity in principal cells in the outer medullary CD (OMCD) and inner medullary CD (IMCD). Luminal ATP induced an increase in Ca(2+) signaling in native medullary CD (MCD) as measured by fluorescence imaging. ATP also induced an increase in Ca(2+) signaling in MCD cells grown in primary culture but not in the presence of P2XR antagonist PPNDS. Short circuit current (I(sc)) measurement with mouse IMCD cells showed that P2XR agonist BzATP induced a larger I(sc) than did P2YR agonist UTP in the apical membrane. Our data reveal for the first time that P2X(1) and P2X(4) are cell-specific with prominent immunoreactivity in the apical area of MCD cells. The finding that P2XR blockade inhibits ATP-induced Ca(2+) signaling suggests that activation of P2XR is a key step in Ca(2+)-dependent purinergic signaling. The result that activation of P2XR produces large I(sc) indicates the necessity of P2XR in renal CD ion transport.

  14. Optimization of hole generation in Ti/CFRP stacks

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ivanov, Y. N.; Pashkov, A. E.; Chashhin, N. S.

    2018-03-01

    The article aims to describe methods for improving the surface quality and hole accuracy in Ti/CFRP stacks by optimizing cutting methods and drill geometry. The research is based on the fundamentals of machine building, theory of probability, mathematical statistics, and experiment planning and manufacturing process optimization theories. Statistical processing of experiment data was carried out by means of Statistica 6 and Microsoft Excel 2010. Surface geometry in Ti stacks was analyzed using a Taylor Hobson Form Talysurf i200 Series Profilometer, and in CFRP stacks - using a Bruker ContourGT-Kl Optical Microscope. Hole shapes and sizes were analyzed using a Carl Zeiss CONTURA G2 Measuring machine, temperatures in cutting zones were recorded with a FLIR SC7000 Series Infrared Camera. Models of multivariate analysis of variance were developed. They show effects of drilling modes on surface quality and accuracy of holes in Ti/CFRP stacks. The task of multicriteria drilling process optimization was solved. Optimal cutting technologies which improve performance were developed. Methods for assessing thermal tool and material expansion effects on the accuracy of holes in Ti/CFRP/Ti stacks were developed.

  15. Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy Proves the Presence of Penta-coordinated Sc Sites in MIL-100(Sc).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Giovine, Raynald; Volkringer, Christophe; Ashbrook, Sharon E; Trébosc, Julien; McKay, David; Loiseau, Thierry; Amoureux, Jean-Paul; Lafon, Olivier; Pourpoint, Frédérique

    2017-07-18

    Advanced solid-state NMR methods and first-principles calculations demonstrate for the first time the formation of penta-coordinated scandium sites. These coordinatively unsaturated sites were shown during the thermal activation of scandium-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). A 45 Sc NMR experiment allows their specific observation in activated Sc 3 BTB 2 (H 3 BTB=1,3,5-tris(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene) and MIL-100(Sc) MOFs. The assignment of the ScO 5 groups is supported by the DFT calculations of NMR parameters. The presence of ScO 5 Lewis acid sites in MIL-100(Sc) explains furthermore its catalytic activity. The first NMR experiment to probe 13 C- 45 Sc distances is also introduced. This advanced solid-state NMR pulse sequence allows the demonstration of the shrinkage of the MIL-100(Sc) network when the activation temperature is raised. © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  16. CaMn0.875Ti0.125O3 as oxygen carrier for chemical-looping combustion with oxygen uncoupling (CLOU)—Experiments in a continuously operating fluidized-bed reactor system

    KAUST Repository

    Rydé n, Magnus; Lyngfelt, Anders; Mattisson, Tobias

    2011-01-01

    Particles of the perovskite material CaMn0.875Ti0.125O3 has been examined as oxygen carrier for chemical-looping with oxygen uncoupling, and for chemical-looping combustion of natural gas, by 70h of experiments in a circulating fluidized-bed reactor

  17. Construction, expression, and function of 6B11ScFv-mIL-12, a fusion protein that attacks human ovarian carcinoma.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cheng, Hongyan; Ye, Xue; Chang, Xiaohong; Ma, Ruiqiong; Cong, Xu; Niu, Yidong; Zhang, Menglei; Liu, Kai; Cui, Heng; Sang, Jianli

    2015-04-01

    We previously produced an anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody, 6B11, which mimics ovarian cancer antigen CA166-9 and induces cellular and humoral immunity. Here, to enhance the immunogenicity of 6B11, we constructed the 6B11ScFv-mIL-12 fusion protein (FP), by fusing single-chain fragment of 6B11 variable region (6B11ScFv) with mouse interleukin-12 (mIL-12), which was expressed in eukaryotic 293EBNA cells transfected with pSBI vectors. A binding activity assay showed 6B11ScFv-mIL-12 to have activities of both 6B11 and mIL-12-it specifically bound both ovarian monoclonal antibody COC166-9 and rabbit anti-mouse IL-12 antibody. The immune activity assay showed 6B11ScFv-mIL-12 to promote proliferation of lymphocytes stimulated by phytohemagglutinin, increase the absolute numbers and percentages of CD3(-)/CD56(+) natural killer cells and CD3(+)/CD56(+) natural killer T cells among peripheral lymphocytes, and increase interferon-γ. The FP was specifically cytotoxic to the CA166-9(+) ovarian cancer cell lines HOC1A and SKOV3 and inhibited growth of ID8 subcutaneous tumors in C57BL/6J mice. This study provides an experimental basis for clinical use of 6B11ScFv-mIL-12 in ovarian cancer therapy. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a fusion protein from an anti-idiotypic antibody and IL-12.

  18. Thermoelastic properties of ScB2, TiB2, YB4 and HoB4

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Waskowska, A.; Gerward, L.; Staun Olsen, J.

    2011-01-01

    (4)GPa). No pressure-induced phase transformations are observed in any of the above borides up to about 20GPa. A continuous temperature-driven orthorhombic distortion is observed for HoB4 below 285K. Values of the thermal expansion coefficient are reported for ScB2 and HoB4 at 293, 200 and 100K...

  19. Crystallographic and electronic structure of the Ca2TiMnO6 double perovskite

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    López, J.P. Garzón; Cardona, R.; Santos, A. Sarmiento; Téllez, D.A. Landínez; Roa-Rojas, J.

    2014-01-01

    In this work, we report synthesis and crystalline structure study of the Ca 2 TiMnO 6 complex perovskite, by X-ray diffraction experiments and through the application of the Rietveld refinement using the GSAS code. Results revealed the crystallization of the system in a tetragonal perovskite with the characteristic structure given by I4/m (#87) space group and lattice parameters a=5.339(4) Å and c=7.736(6) Å. Ab initio calculations of density of states (DOS) and electronic structure were carried out for this perovskite-like system, by the Density Functional Theory (DFT) and using the Full-potential Linearized Augmented Plane Waves (FP-LAPW) method. The exchange-correlation potential was treated using the Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA). All calculations were carried-out using spin polarization. For the up spin orientation the compound has a semiconducting behavior and for down spin polarization it behaves like a conductor. The calculated effective magnetic moment in cell was 4.02 μ B , which is close to the expected value calculated from Hund's rules

  20. Symmetry determination on Pb-free piezoceramic 0.5Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 using convergent beam electron diffraction method

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gao, Jinghui; Zhong, Lisheng; Zhang, Lixue; Xue, Dezhen; Kimoto, Takayoshi; Song, Minghui; Ren, Xiaobing

    2014-01-01

    (1−x)(Ba(Zr 0.2 Ti 0.8 )O 3 -x(Ba 0.7 Ca 0.3 )TiO 3 (BZT-xBCT) Pb-free piezoceramic has been reported showing ultrahigh piezoelectric performance in its morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) region. However, the crystal structure characteristic for the MPB composition of BZT-xBCT is still under debate—between single orthorhombic phase and tetragonal + rhombohedral two phase mixture. In the present study, we perform the local symmetry determination on the MPB composition x = 0.5 using convergent beam electron diffraction analysis (CBED). Our CBED results from multiple zone axes suggest that there are two coexisting phases with the point group symmetries of 4 mm (tetragonal) and 3 m (rhombohedral) respectively, which agree with two phase mixture model. The strong piezoelectricity can thus be understood by considering the polarization rotation between tetragonal and rhombohedral phases by external field

  1. Electrochemical behavior of hydroxyapatite/TiN multi-layer coatings on Ti alloys

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kim, Eun-Ju [Department of Dental Materials, Research Center of Nano-Interface Activation for Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Chosun University (Korea, Republic of); Jeong, Yong-Hoon [Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (United States); Choe, Han-Cheol, E-mail: hcchoe@chosun.ac.kr [Department of Dental Materials, Research Center of Nano-Interface Activation for Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Chosun University (Korea, Republic of); Brantley, William A. [Division of Restorative Science and Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (United States)

    2014-12-01

    The electrochemical behavior of hydroxyapatite (HA) and titanium nitride (TiN) multi-layer coatings on Ti–Nb–Zr alloys was investigated by a variety of surface analytical methods. The HA/TiN layers were deposited using a magnetron sputtering system. The HA target was made of human tooth-ash sintered at 1300 °C for 1 h and had an average Ca/P ratio of 1.9. From X-ray diffraction patterns, the Ti–29Nb–5Zr alloy was composed entirely of equiaxed β-phase exhibiting the principal (110) reflection, and the coating exhibited the (111) and (200) reflections for TiN and the (112) and (202) reflections for HA. At the coating surface the HA films consisted of granular particles, and the surface roughness was 4.22 nm. The thickness of the coating layers increased in the order of HA/TiN (lowest), TiN, and HA (highest). Potentiodynamic polarization measurements revealed that the corrosion current density was the lowest, and the corrosion potential and polarization resistance the highest, when the Ti–29Nb–5Zr surface was covered by the HA/TiN film, compared to solely HA or TiN films. - Highlights: • HA/TiN films were deposited by magnetron sputtering on a Ti–29Nb–5Zr biomedical alloy. • The corrosion current density for the HA/TiN films was lower than that of the non-coated alloy. • The polarization resistance of the HA/TiN films was higher than that of the non-coated alloy.

  2. Electrochemical behavior of hydroxyapatite/TiN multi-layer coatings on Ti alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kim, Eun-Ju; Jeong, Yong-Hoon; Choe, Han-Cheol; Brantley, William A.

    2014-01-01

    The electrochemical behavior of hydroxyapatite (HA) and titanium nitride (TiN) multi-layer coatings on Ti–Nb–Zr alloys was investigated by a variety of surface analytical methods. The HA/TiN layers were deposited using a magnetron sputtering system. The HA target was made of human tooth-ash sintered at 1300 °C for 1 h and had an average Ca/P ratio of 1.9. From X-ray diffraction patterns, the Ti–29Nb–5Zr alloy was composed entirely of equiaxed β-phase exhibiting the principal (110) reflection, and the coating exhibited the (111) and (200) reflections for TiN and the (112) and (202) reflections for HA. At the coating surface the HA films consisted of granular particles, and the surface roughness was 4.22 nm. The thickness of the coating layers increased in the order of HA/TiN (lowest), TiN, and HA (highest). Potentiodynamic polarization measurements revealed that the corrosion current density was the lowest, and the corrosion potential and polarization resistance the highest, when the Ti–29Nb–5Zr surface was covered by the HA/TiN film, compared to solely HA or TiN films. - Highlights: • HA/TiN films were deposited by magnetron sputtering on a Ti–29Nb–5Zr biomedical alloy. • The corrosion current density for the HA/TiN films was lower than that of the non-coated alloy. • The polarization resistance of the HA/TiN films was higher than that of the non-coated alloy

  3. BaTiO3-based piezoelectrics: Fundamentals, current status, and perspectives

    Science.gov (United States)

    Acosta, M.; Novak, N.; Rojas, V.; Patel, S.; Vaish, R.; Koruza, J.; Rossetti, G. A.; Rödel, J.

    2017-12-01

    We present a critical review that encompasses the fundamentals and state-of-the-art knowledge of barium titanate-based piezoelectrics. First, the essential crystallography, thermodynamic relations, and concepts necessary to understand piezoelectricity and ferroelectricity in barium titanate are discussed. Strategies to optimize piezoelectric properties through microstructure control and chemical modification are also introduced. Thereafter, we systematically review the synthesis, microstructure, and phase diagrams of barium titanate-based piezoelectrics and provide a detailed compilation of their functional and mechanical properties. The most salient materials treated include the (Ba,Ca)(Zr,Ti)O3, (Ba,Ca)(Sn,Ti)O3, and (Ba,Ca)(Hf,Ti)O3 solid solution systems. The technological relevance of barium titanate-based piezoelectrics is also discussed and some potential market indicators are outlined. Finally, perspectives on productive lines of future research and promising areas for the applications of these materials are presented.

  4. Infectivity-associated PrP(Sc) and disease duration-associated PrP(Sc) of mouse BSE prions.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Miyazawa, Kohtaro; Okada, Hiroyuki; Masujin, Kentaro; Iwamaru, Yoshifumi; Yokoyama, Takashi

    2015-01-01

    Disease-related prion protein (PrP(Sc)), which is a structural isoform of the host-encoded cellular prion protein, is thought to be a causative agent of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. However, the specific role of PrP(Sc) in prion pathogenesis and its relationship to infectivity remain controversial. A time-course study of prion-affected mice was conducted, which showed that the prion infectivity was not simply proportional to the amount of PrP(Sc) in the brain. Centrifugation (20,000 ×g) of the brain homogenate showed that most of the PrP(Sc) was precipitated into the pellet, and the supernatant contained only a slight amount of PrP(Sc). Interestingly, mice inoculated with the obtained supernatant showed incubation periods that were approximately 15 d longer than those of mice inoculated with the crude homogenate even though both inocula contained almost the same infectivity. Our results suggest that a small population of fine PrP(Sc) may be responsible for prion infectivity and that large, aggregated PrP(Sc) may contribute to determining prion disease duration.

  5. SC tuning fork

    CERN Document Server

    The tuning fork used to modulate the radiofrequency system of the synchro cyclotron (SC) from 1957 to 1973. This piece is an unused spare part. The SC was the 1st accelerator built at CERN. It operated from August 1957 until it was closed down at the end of 1990. In the SC the magnetic field did not change with time, and the particles were accelerated in successive pulses by a radiofrequency voltage of some 20kV which varied in frequency as they spiraled outwards towards the extraction radius. The frequency varied from 30MHz to about 17Mz in each pulse. The tuning fork vibrated at 55MHz in vacuum in an enclosure which formed a variable capacitor in the tuning circuit of the RF system, allowing the RF to vary over the appropriate range to accelerate protons from the centre of the macine up to 600Mev at extraction radius. In operation the tips of the tuning fork blade had an amplitude of movement of over 1 cm. The SC accelerator underwent extensive improvements from 1973 to 1975, including the installation of a...

  6. Excitation functions of alpha particle induced reactions on {sup nat}Ti up to 40 MeV

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Uddin, M.S., E-mail: md.shuzauddin@yahoo.com [Tandem Accelerator Facilities, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Savar, Dhaka (Bangladesh); Scholten, B. [Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5:Nuklearchemie, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich (Germany)

    2016-08-01

    Excitation functions of the reactions {sup nat}Ti(α,x){sup 48}Cr, {sup nat}Ti(α,x){sup 48}V and {sup nat}Ti(α,x){sup 46,48}Sc were determined by the stacked-foil activation technique up to 40 MeV. The radioactivities produced in the {sup nat}Ti target were measured by γ-ray spectrometry using HPGe detector. The reaction {sup nat}Ti(α,x){sup 51}Cr was used to determine the beam parameters. New experimental values for the above reactions have been obtained. An intercomparison of our data with the available literature values has been done. The cross section results obtained in this work could be useful in defining new monitor reactions, radiation safety and isotope production.

  7. Anion photoelectron spectroscopy of germanium and tin clusters containing a transition- or lanthanide-metal atom; MGe(n)- (n = 8-20) and MSn(n)- (n = 15-17) (M = Sc-V, Y-Nb, and Lu-Ta).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Atobe, Junko; Koyasu, Kiichirou; Furuse, Shunsuke; Nakajima, Atsushi

    2012-07-14

    The electronic properties of germanium and tin clusters containing a transition- or lanthanide-metal atom from group 3, 4, or 5, MGe(n) (M = Sc, Ti, V, Y, Zr, Nb, Lu, Hf, and Ta) and MSn(n) (M = Sc, Ti, Y. Zr, and Hf), were investigated by anion photoelectron spectroscopy at 213 nm. In the case of the group 3 elements Sc, Y, and Lu, the threshold energy of electron detachment of MGe(n)(-) exhibits local maxima at n = 10 and 16, while in the case of the group 4 elements Ti, Zr, and Hf, it exhibits a local minimum only at n = 16, associated with the presence of a small bump in the spectrum. A similar behavior is observed for MSn(n)(-) around n = 16, and these electronic characteristics of MGe(n) and MSn(n) are closely related to those of MSi(n). Compared to MSi(n), however, the larger cavity size of a Ge(n) cage allows metal atom encapsulation at a smaller size n. A cooperative effect between the electronic and geometric structures of clusters with a large cavity of Ge(16) or Sn(16) is discussed together with the results of experiments that probe their geometric stability via their reactivity to H(2)O adsorption.

  8. Measurement for commercial exposives with SC-DSC test. Sangyoyo bakuhayaku no SC-DSC sokutei

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Yabashi, H.; Wada, Y.; Hwang, D.; Akutsu, Y.; Tamura, M.; Yoshida, T. (The University of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan). Faculty of Engineering); Matsuzawa, T. (Nippon Kayaku Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan))

    1991-08-30

    The sealed cell differential scanning calorimetry (SC-DSC) was sintroduced of commercial blasting explosives. As a series of testing the commercial blasting explosives in performance, an SC-DSC test was made to compare the critical detonability line with that resulting therefrom. From the result of SC-DSC measurement, the critical dilution rate was estimated of commercial blasting explosives to become without detonating propagation. As a result, all the explosives with exception of ANFO one were assumed to have a possibility of detonating propagation so that the ANFO explosive was known to be material, unable to exactly evaluate the detonability by the SC-DSC test. The explosion heat, then calculated by the REITP2 in order to assume how the reaction proceeded in the DSC cell, was compared with the reaction heat measured by the SC-DSC test. As a result, the calculated value was known to be almost equal to or slightly larger than the measured one. 15 refs., 4 figs., 2 tabs.

  9. Application of CaCu3Ti4O12 based quadruple perovskites as a promising candidate for optoelectronic devices

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pal, Kamalesh; Jana, Rajkumar; Dey, Arka; Ray, Partha P.; Seikh, Md Motin; Gayen, Arup

    2018-05-01

    We report the synthesis of nanosized (40-50 nm) CaCu3-xMnxTi4-xMnxO12 (x = 0, 0.5 and 1) quadruple perovskite (QP) semiconductor via a modified combustion method for use as Schottky barrier diode (SBD) at the Al/QP junction. The fabricated SBD is analysed on the basis of thermionic emission theory to observe its quality and some important diode parameters. For insight analysis of charge transport mechanism through metal-semiconductor junction, theory of space charge limited currents is applied and discussed in the light of parameters like carrier concentration, mobility-lifetime product and diffusion length. The Mn-doped exhibit better device performance compared to parent material.

  10. Fabrication and assembly of two-dimensional TiO{sub 2}/WO{sub 3}·H{sub 2}O heterostructures with type II band alignment for enhanced photocatalytic performance

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Xu, Tao [College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 (China); Wang, Yun, E-mail: yun.wang@griffith.edu.au [Centre for Clean Environment and Energy and Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222 (Australia); Zhou, Xiaofang; Zheng, Xiaoli [College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 (China); Xu, Qun, E-mail: qunxu@zzu.edu.cn [College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 (China); Chen, Zhimin; Ren, Yumei; Yan, Bo [College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 (China)

    2017-05-01

    Graphical abstract: 2D heterostructures of TiO{sub 2}/WO{sub 3}·H{sub 2}O nanosheets have been successfully fabricated with assistance of supercritical CO{sub 2} (SC CO{sub 2}). The formation of heterostructures is beneficial to effective separation of the electron-hole pairs, thus resulting in enhanced photocatalytic activity toward the high photocurrent under simulated solar light irradiation. - Highlights: • In this study we have successfully exfoliated ultrathin WO{sub 3}·H{sub 2}O nanosheets from tunsten acid(H{sub 2}WO{sub 4}) with supercritical CO{sub 2} (SC CO{sub 2}). • A novel type II 2D ultrathin TiO{sub 2}/WO{sub 3}·H{sub 2}O heterostructures were fabricated with the assistance of SC CO{sub 2}. • The formation of TiO{sub 2}/WO{sub 3}·H{sub 2}O heterostructures is beneficial to effective separation of the electron-hole pairs. • The photocurrent response and MO degradation of TiO{sub 2}/WO{sub 3}·H{sub 2}O heterostructures exhibit significantly improvement. - Abstract: The recombination of photo-induced charges is one of the main issues to limit the large-scale applications in photocatalysis and photoelectrocatalysis. To improve the charge separation, we fabricate a novel type II 2D ultrathin TiO{sub 2}/WO{sub 3}·H{sub 2}O heterostructures with the assistance of supercritical CO{sub 2} (SC CO{sub 2}) in this work. The as-fabricated heterostructures possess high photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methyl orange(MO) and high photocurrent response under simulated solar light (AM 1.5). For the TiO{sub 2}/WO{sub 3}·H{sub 2}O heterostructures, the MO solution could be degraded by 95.5% in 150 min, and the photocurrent density reaches to 6.5 μA cm{sup −2}, exhibiting a significant enhancement compared with pure TiO{sub 2} and WO{sub 3}·H{sub 2}O nanosheets.

  11. An attempt and significance of using scandium (Sc) indication for quantitative estimation of soil ingested by pastured cattle

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Koyama, Takeo; Sudo, Madoka; Miyamoto, Susumu; Kikuchi, Takeaki; Takahashi, Masayoshi; Kuma, Tadashi.

    1985-01-01

    Pastured beef cattle constantly ingest soil together with grass. Dried grass and silage used in winter also contain some soil. Sc occurs in soil in much greater amounts than in grass and is not absorbed by digestive canals, and the Sc content can be determined accuretely by the activation analysis method. In view of this, a technique is devised which uses Sc as an indication in estimating the amount of soil ingested by cattle, and this new method is found to be better than the conventional one with Ti indication. Accordingly, dung is collected from the same cattle at the end of the pastured and housed periods. The dung samples are dried, ground, activated and analysed. On the basis of results of this analysis, the amount of soil ingested at the end of the pastured and housed periods is estimated at 106 +- 120 and 129 +- 171 g/day, respectively, which broadly agree with values previously reported. An evaluation of the amounts of Se and Zn taken by cattle from soil is also carried out. (Nogami, K.)

  12. α-ScVSe2O8, β-ScVSe2O8, and ScVTe2O8: new quaternary mixed metal oxides composed of only second-order Jahn-Teller distortive cations.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kim, Yeong Hun; Lee, Dong Woo; Ok, Kang Min

    2013-10-07

    Three new quaternary scandium vanadium selenium/tellurium oxides, α-ScVSe2O8, β-ScVSe2O8, and ScVTe2O8 have been synthesized through hydrothermal and standard solid-state reactions. Although all three reported materials are stoichiometrically similar, they exhibit different crystal structures: α-ScVSe2O8 has a three-dimensional framework structure consisting of ScO6, VO6, and SeO3 groups. β-ScVSe2O8 reveals another three-dimensional framework composed of ScO7, VO5, and SeO3 polyhedra. ScVTe2O8 shows a layered structure with ScO6, VO4, and TeO4 polyhedra. Interestingly, the constituent cations, that is, Sc(3+), V(5+), Se(4+), and Te(4+) are all in a distorted coordination environment attributable to second-order Jahn-Teller (SOJT) effects. Complete characterizations including infrared spectroscopy, elemental analyses, thermal analyses, dipole moment calculation, and the magnitudes of out-of-center distortions for the compounds are reported. Transformation reactions suggest that α-ScVSe2O8 may change to β-ScVSe2O8, and then to Sc2(SeO3)3·H2O under hydrothermal conditions.

  13. Combined effects of adsorption and photocatalysis by hybrid TiO2/ZnO-calcium alginate beads for the removal of copper

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    Devagi Kanakaraju; Shantini Ravichandar; Ying Chin Lim

    2017-01-01

    The use of nanosized titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) in the suspension form during treatment makes the recovering and recycling of photocatalysts difficult.Hence,supported photocatalysts are preferred for practical water treatment applications.This study was conducted to investigate the efficiency of calcium alginate (CaAlg) beads that were immobilized with hybrid photocatalysts,TiO2/ZnO to form TiO2/ZnO-CaAlg.Theseimmobilized beads,with three different mass ratios of TiO2:ZnO (1∶1,1∶2,and 2∶1) were used to remove Cu(Ⅱ) in aqueous solutions in the presence of ultraviolet light.These beads were subjected to three cycles of photocatalytic treatment with different initial Cu(Ⅱ) concentrations (10-80 ppm).EDX spectra have confirmed the inclusion of Ti and Zn on the surface of the CaAlg beads.Meanwhile,the surface morphology of the beads as determined using SEM,has indicated differences of before and after the photocatalytic treatment of Cu(Ⅱ).Among all three,the equivalent mass ratio TiO2/ZnO-CaAlg beads have shown the best performance in removing Cu(Ⅱ) during all three recycling experiments.Those TiO2/ZnO-CaAlg beads have also shown consistent removal of Cu,ranging from 7.14-62.0 ppm (first cycle) for initial concentrations of 10-80 ppm.In comparison,bare CaAlg was only able to remove 6.9-48 ppm of similar initial Cu concentrations.Thus,the potential use of TiO2/ZnO-CaAlg beads as environmentally friendly composite material can be further extended for heavy metal removal from contaminated water.

  14. Control of retention and fatigue-free characteristics in CaBi4Ti4O15 thin films prepared by chemical method

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Simoes, A.Z.; Ramirez, M.A.; Gonzalez, A.H.M.; Riccardi, C.S.; Ries, A.; Longo, E.; Varela, J.A.

    2006-01-01

    Ferroelectric CaBi 4 Ti 4 O 15 (CBTi144) thin films were deposited on Pt/Ti/SiO 2 /Si substrates by the polymeric precursor method. The films present a single phase of layered-structured perovskite with polar axis orientation after annealing at 700 deg. C for 2 h in static air and oxygen atmosphere. The a/b-axis orientation of the ferroelectric film is considered to be associated with the preferred orientation of the Pt bottom electrode. It is noted that the films annealed in static air showed good polarization fatigue characteristics at least up to 10 10 bipolar pulse cycles and excellent retention properties up to 10 4 s. On the other hand, oxygen atmosphere seems to be crucial in the decrease of both, fatigue and retention characteristics of the capacitors. Independently of the applied electric field, the retained switchable polarization approached a nearly steady-state value after a retention time of 10 s. - Graphical abstract: Fatigue of CBTi144 thin film obtained by polymeric precursor method

  15. Investigation of structural, ferroelectric, piezoelectric and dielectric properties of Ba0.92Ca0.08TiO3-BaTi0.96Zr0.04O3 lead-free electroceramics

    Science.gov (United States)

    Keswani, Bhavna C.; Patil, S. I.; Kolekar, Y. D.

    2018-04-01

    Lead free ferroelectric with composition 0.55Ba0.92Ca0.08TiO3-0.45BaTi0.96Zr0.04O3 (BCT8-BZT4) was synthesized by solid state reaction method and investigated their structural, ferroelectric, piezoelectric and dielectric properties. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that BCT8-BZT4 ceramic possess both tetragonal (space group P4mm) and orthorhombic (space group Amm2) crystal structure which was further confirmed from Raman spectra spectroscopy. The micronized grains were observed from scanning electron micrographs while the presence of polarization-electric field hysteresis loop confirms ferroelectric nature of BCT8-BZT4 ceramic. Higher values of maximum polarization (Pmax = 22.27 μC/cm2), remnant polarization (Pr = 11.61 μC/cm2), coercive electric field (Ec = 4.77 kV/cm) and direct piezoelectric coefficient (d33) approximately 185 pC/N were observed. The real part of dielectric constant with frequency shows the usual dielectric dispersion behaviour at RT. The observed properties show that the lead free BCT8-BZT4 ceramic is suitable for ferroelectric memory device, piezoelectric sensor, capacitor, etc. applications.

  16. Neuronal Regulation of Schwann Cell Mitochondrial Ca(2+) Signaling during Myelination.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ino, Daisuke; Sagara, Hiroshi; Suzuki, Junji; Kanemaru, Kazunori; Okubo, Yohei; Iino, Masamitsu

    2015-09-29

    Schwann cells (SCs) myelinate peripheral neurons to promote the rapid conduction of action potentials, and the process of myelination is known to be regulated by signals from axons to SCs. Given that SC mitochondria are one of the potential regulators of myelination, we investigated whether SC mitochondria are regulated by axonal signaling. Here, we show a purinergic mechanism that sends information from neurons to SC mitochondria during myelination. Our results show that electrical stimulation of rat sciatic nerve increases extracellular ATP levels enough to activate purinergic receptors. Indeed, electrical stimulation of sciatic nerves induces Ca(2+) increases in the cytosol and the mitochondrial matrix of surrounding SCs via purinergic receptor activation. Chronic suppression of this pathway during active myelination suppressed the longitudinal and radial development of myelinating SCs and caused hypomyelination. These results demonstrate a neuron-to-SC mitochondria signaling, which is likely to have an important role in proper myelination. Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  17. Neuronal Regulation of Schwann Cell Mitochondrial Ca2+ Signaling during Myelination

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daisuke Ino

    2015-09-01

    Full Text Available Schwann cells (SCs myelinate peripheral neurons to promote the rapid conduction of action potentials, and the process of myelination is known to be regulated by signals from axons to SCs. Given that SC mitochondria are one of the potential regulators of myelination, we investigated whether SC mitochondria are regulated by axonal signaling. Here, we show a purinergic mechanism that sends information from neurons to SC mitochondria during myelination. Our results show that electrical stimulation of rat sciatic nerve increases extracellular ATP levels enough to activate purinergic receptors. Indeed, electrical stimulation of sciatic nerves induces Ca2+ increases in the cytosol and the mitochondrial matrix of surrounding SCs via purinergic receptor activation. Chronic suppression of this pathway during active myelination suppressed the longitudinal and radial development of myelinating SCs and caused hypomyelination. These results demonstrate a neuron-to-SC mitochondria signaling, which is likely to have an important role in proper myelination.

  18. Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3}–CaO–SiO{sub 2} glass containing nucleation agent P{sub 2}O{sub 5}/TiO{sub 2}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Li, Bin, E-mail: stra-ceo@163.com; Wang, Yongya; Luo, Wenqin; Li, Jingfen [Huzhou University, Department of Material Chemistry (China); Li, Jianyou [Huzhou Central Hospital, Orthopedic Department (China)

    2017-03-15

    Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3}–CaO–SiO{sub 2} glass ceramics containing nucleation agent P{sub 2}O{sub 5}/TiO{sub 2} were prepared by sol-gel method. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The activation energy and kinetic parameters for crystallization of the samples were calculated by the Johnson-Mehi-Avrami (JMA) model and Augis-Bennett method according to the results of DSC. The results showed that the crystallization mechanism of Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3}–CaO–SiO{sub 2} glass, whose non-isothermal kinetic parameter n = 2.3, was consistent with surface crystallization of the JMA model. The kinetics model function of Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3}–CaO–SiO{sub 2} glass, f(α) = 2.3(1–α)[–ln(1–α)]{sup 0.57}, was also obtained. The addition of nucleation agent P{sub 2}O{sub 5}/TiO{sub 2} could reduce the activation energy, which made the crystal growth modes change from onedimensional to three-dimensional.

  19. Microstructural probing of ferritic/martensitic steels using internal transmutation-based positron source

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Krsjak, Vladimir, E-mail: vladimir.krsjak@psi.ch; Dai, Yong

    2015-10-15

    This paper presents the use of an internal {sup 44}Ti/{sup 44}Sc radioisotope source for a direct microstructural characterization of ferritic/martensitic (f/m) steels after irradiation in targets of spallation neutron sources. Gamma spectroscopy measurements show a production of ∼1MBq of {sup 44}Ti per 1 g of f/m steels irradiated at 1 dpa (displaced per atom) in the mixed proton–neutron spectrum at the Swiss spallation neutron source (SINQ). In the decay chain {sup 44}Ti → {sup 44}Sc → {sup 44}Ca, positrons are produced together with prompt gamma rays which enable the application of different positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) analyses, including lifetime and Doppler broadening spectroscopy. Due to the high production yield, long half-life and relatively high energy of positrons of {sup 44}Ti, this methodology opens up new potential for simple, effective and inexpensive characterization of radiation induced defects in f/m steels irradiated in a spallation target.

  20. Microstructural probing of ferritic/martensitic steels using internal transmutation-based positron source

    Science.gov (United States)

    Krsjak, Vladimir; Dai, Yong

    2015-10-01

    This paper presents the use of an internal 44Ti/44Sc radioisotope source for a direct microstructural characterization of ferritic/martensitic (f/m) steels after irradiation in targets of spallation neutron sources. Gamma spectroscopy measurements show a production of ∼1MBq of 44Ti per 1 g of f/m steels irradiated at 1 dpa (displaced per atom) in the mixed proton-neutron spectrum at the Swiss spallation neutron source (SINQ). In the decay chain 44Ti → 44Sc → 44Ca, positrons are produced together with prompt gamma rays which enable the application of different positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) analyses, including lifetime and Doppler broadening spectroscopy. Due to the high production yield, long half-life and relatively high energy of positrons of 44Ti, this methodology opens up new potential for simple, effective and inexpensive characterization of radiation induced defects in f/m steels irradiated in a spallation target.

  1. Synthesis of calcium-phosphorous doped TiO2 nanotubes by anodization and reverse polarization: A promising strategy for an efficient biofunctional implant surface

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Alves, Sofia A.; Patel, Sweetu B.; Sukotjo, Cortino; Mathew, Mathew T.; Filho, Paulo N.; Celis, Jean-Pierre

    2017-01-01

    Highlights: • A new surface modification methodology for bio-functionalization of TiO2 NTs is addressed • Bone-like structured TiO2 nanotubular surfaces containing Ca and P were synthesized. • Ca/P-doped TiO2 NTs enhanced adhesion and proliferation of osteoblastic-like cells. • The bio-functionalization granted improved bio-electrochemical stability to TiO2 NTs. - Abstract: The modification of surface features such as nano-morphology/topography and chemistry have been employed in the attempt to design titanium oxide surfaces able to overcome the current dental implants failures. The main goal of this study is the synthesis of bone-like structured titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanotubes enriched with Calcium (Ca) and Phosphorous (P) able to enhance osteoblastic cell functions and, simultaneously, display an improved corrosion behavior. To achieve the main goal, TiO 2 nanotubes were synthetized and doped with Ca and P by means of a novel methodology which relied, firstly, on the synthesis of TiO 2 nanotubes by anodization of titanium in an organic electrolyte followed by reverse polarization and/or anodization, in an aqueous electrolyte. Results show that hydrophilic bone-like structured TiO 2 nanotubes were successfully synthesized presenting a highly ordered nano-morphology characterized by non-uniform diameters. The chemical analysis of such nanotubes confirmed the presence of CaCO 3 , Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 , CaHPO 4 and CaO compounds. The nanotube surfaces submitted to reverse polarization, presented an improved cell adhesion and proliferation compared to smooth titanium. Furthermore, these surfaces displayed a significantly lower passive current in artificial saliva, and so, potential to minimize their bio-degradation through corrosion processes. This study addresses a very simple and promising multidisciplinary approach bringing new insights for the development of novel methodologies to improve the outcome of osseointegrated implants.

  2. Development of bonding techniques for cryogenic components. 1. HIP bonding tests between Ti and cryogenic stainless steels

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Saito, Shigeru; Ouchi, Nobuo; Ishiyama, Shintaro; Tsuchiya, Yoshinori; Nakajima, Hideo

    2002-05-01

    Around the super conducting (SC) coils of SC linear accelerator or fusion reactor, several kinds of dissimilar material joints will be needed. In case of fusion reactor, pure titanium has been proposed as jacket material of SC coil. Pure titanium has many advantages, for instance, almost same thermal expansion with Nb 3 Sn SC coil, non-magnetivity and good workability. However, it is difficult to bond Ti and cryogenic stainless steels by welding. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new bonding techniques and we started the development of the bonding technology by hot isostatic press (HIP) method to bond titanium with stainless steels. In this experiments, optimization of HIP bonding condition and evaluation of bonding strength were performed by metallurgical observation, mechanical property tests and heat cycle test. (author)

  3. Dielectric behaviour of (Ba0.77Ca0.23(Ti0.98Dy0.02O3 ceramics

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Abdul Moquim

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available In this study, BaTiO3 is modified with Ca2+ and in addition doped with Dy3+ at the B site lattice. The main idea is to search for new lead-free ferroelectric material and improve their properties. For this purpose, the barium calcium titanate (BCT as a host and the rare earth element Dy3+ as an activator were used to fabricate a multifunctional material. The obtained ceramics was found to be homogeneous, dense and a single phase material with no evidence of secondary phases. The dielectric study showed that TC increases with the addition of dopants and the obtained ceramics behaves like a relaxor ferroelectric. Some important structural parameters and dielectric properties of dysprosium modified barium (calcium titanate ceramics are presented.

  4. Effect of orthorhombic distortion on dielectric and piezoelectric properties of CaBi4Ti4O15 ceramics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tanwar, Amit; Sreenivas, K.; Gupta, Vinay

    2009-01-01

    High temperature bismuth layered piezoelectric and ferroelectric ceramics of CaBi 4 Ti 4 O 15 (CBT) have been prepared using the solid state route. The formation of single phase material with orthorhombic structure was verified from x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The orthorhombic distortion present in the CBT ceramic sintered at 1200 deg. C was found to be maximum. A sharp phase transition from ferroelectric to paraelectric was observed in the temperature dependent dielectric studies of all CBT ceramics. The Curie's temperature (T c =790 deg. C) was found to be independent of measured frequency. The behavior of ac conductivity as a function of frequency (100 Hz-1 MHz) at low temperatures ( 33 ). The observed results indicate the important role of orthorhombic distortion in determining the improved property of multicomponent ferroelectric material.

  5. Nuclear Data Sheets for A=40

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Chen, Jun

    2017-02-15

    The experimental nuclear structure data and decay data are evaluated for the known nuclides of mass 40 (Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, Ar, K, Ca, Sc, Ti). Detailed evaluated nuclear structure information is presented with the best values recommended for level energies, half-lives, γ-ray energies and intensities, decay properties (energies, intensities and placement of radiations), and other spectroscopic data. The {sup 40}Ca and {sup 40}K nuclides remain as the most extensively studied from many different reactions and decays; no excited states are known in {sup 40}Mg, {sup 40}Al, {sup 40}P and {sup 40}Ti. This work supersedes the earlier full evaluation of A=40 by J. Cameron and B. Singh (2004Ca38).

  6. The effects of strain relaxation on the dielectric properties of epitaxial ferroelectric Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)TiO3 thin films

    Science.gov (United States)

    Khan, Asif Islam; Yu, Pu; Trassin, Morgan; Lee, Michelle J.; You, Long; Salahuddin, Sayeef

    2014-07-01

    We study the effects of strain relaxation on the dielectric properties of epitaxial 40 nm Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)TiO3 (PZT) films. A significant increase in the defect and dislocation density due to strain relaxation is observed in PZT films with tetragonality c/a fatigue in ferroelectric materials.

  7. Self-organized TiO2 nanotubes grown on Ti substrates with different crystallographic preferential orientations: Local structure of TiO2 nanotubes vs. photo-electrochemical response

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Krbal, M.; Sopha, H.; Pohl, D.; Beneš, L.; Damm, C.; Rellinghaus, B.; Kupčík, Jaroslav; Bezdička, Petr; Šubrt, Jan; Macák, J. M.

    2018-01-01

    Roč. 264, FEB (2018), s. 393-399 ISSN 0013-4686 Institutional support: RVO:61388980 Keywords : Anatase * Anodization * Photo-current * Stoichiometry * TiO nanotubes 2 Subject RIV: CA - Inorganic Chemistry OBOR OECD: Inorganic and nuclear chemistry Impact factor: 4.798, year: 2016

  8. Two anionically derivatized scandium oxoselenates(IV): ScF[SeO3] and Sc2O2[SeO3

    Science.gov (United States)

    Greiner, Stefan; Chou, Sheng-Chun; Schleid, Thomas

    2017-02-01

    Scandium fluoride oxoselenate(IV) ScF[SeO3] and scandium oxide oxoselenate(IV) Sc2O2[SeO3] could be synthesized through solid-state reactions. ScF[SeO3] was obtained phase-pure, by reacting mixtures of Sc2O3, ScF3 and SeO2 (molar ratio: 1:1:3) together with CsBr as fluxing agent in corundum crucibles embedded into evacuated glassy silica ampoules after firing at 700 °C for seven days. Sc2O2[SeO3] first emerged as by-product during the attempts to synthesize ScCl[SeO3] following aforementioned synthesis route and could later be reproduced from appropriate Sc2O3/SeO3 mixtures. ScF[SeO3] crystallizes monoclinically in space group P21/m with a=406.43(2), b =661.09(4), c=632.35(4) pm, β=93.298(3)° and Z=2. Sc2O2[SeO3] also crystallizes in the monoclinic system, but in space group P21/n with a=786.02(6), b=527.98(4), c=1086.11(8) pm, β=108.672(3)° for Z=4. The crystal structures of both compounds are strongly influenced by the stereochemically active lone pairs of the ψ1-tetrahedral [SeO3]2- anions. They also show partial structures, where the derivatizing F- or O2- anions play an important role. For ScF[SeO3] chains of the composition 2+∞ 1[FS c 2 / 2 ] form from connected [FSc2]5+ dumbbells, while [OSc3]7+ pyramids and [OSc4]10+ tetrahedra units are condensed to layers according to 2+ ∞ 2[O2Sc2 ] in Sc2O2[SeO3].

  9. Promotional role of Li4Ti5O12 as polysulfide adsorbent and fast Li+ conductor on electrochemical performances of sulfur cathode

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zeng, Tianbiao; Hu, Xuebu; Ji, Penghui; Shang, Biao; Peng, Qimeng; Zhang, Yaoyao; Song, Ruiqiang

    2017-08-01

    Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries attract much attention due to its high specific capacity and energy density compared to lithium-ion batteries (LiBs). Herein, a novel composite named as (void/nano-Li4Ti5O12 pieces)@C [(v/n-L)@C] was designed and prepared as a sulfur host. Spinel Li4Ti5O12 here as a multifunctional additive played as polysulfide adsorbent agent and fast Li+ conductor, and carbon shell was designed as electronic conductor, as well as volume barrier to limit the volume expansion caused by sulfur. As-prepared (S/nano-Li4Ti5O12 pieces)@C [(S/n-L)@C] are core-shell spheres, which are about 200 nm in size. Nano-Li4Ti5O12 and sulfur were coated by the outer carbon shell with a thickness of about 20 nm. The experimental results show that electrochemical performances of (S/n-L)@C cathode were enhanced effectively compared to S@C cathode. At 0.5C and 1C, the discharge capacity of (S/n-L)@C was 33.5% and 40.1% higher than that of S@C at 500th cycle. Even at 2C, its capacity reached 600.9 mAh g-1 at 1000th cycle. Li+ conductivity of (S/n-L)@C was one order of magnitude higher than that of S@C, which was reach to 2.55 × 10-8 S cm-1. The experiment results indicate Li4Ti5O12 plays a promotional role on electrochemical performances of sulfur cathode, especially for stable cycling performance and high rate performance.

  10. A miniaturized Microwave Bandpass Filter Based on Modified (Mg0.95Ca0.05TiO3 Substrate

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hu Mingzhe

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available A microwave miniaturized bandpass filter using (Mg0.95Ca0.05TiO3 (abbreviated as 95MCT hereafter ceramic substrate is investigated in the present paper. The paper studies the sintering and microwave dielectric properties of Al2O3, La2O3 and SiO2 co-doped 95MCT. The XRD pattern shows that a secondary phase MgTi2O5 is easily segregated in 95MCT ceramic, however, through co-doping it can be effectively suppressed, and the microwave dielectric properties, especially, the Qf value can be significantly improved. Through optimizing the co-doping ratio of Al2O3, La2O3 and SiO2, the sintering temperature of 95MCT ceramic can be lowered by 80°C, and the microwave dielectric properties can reach Qf=61856GHz and εr=19.84, which indicates the modified 95MCT ceramic have a great potential application in microwave communication devices. Based on this, we also designed a miniaturized microwave bandpass filter (BPF on modified 95MCT substrate. Through a full wave electromagnetic structure simulation, the results show that the center frequency of the BPF is 2.45GHz and the relative bandwidth is 4.09% with the insertion loss of less than 0.2dB in the whole bandpass.

  11. Compensation of native donor doping in ScN: Carrier concentration control and p-type ScN

    Science.gov (United States)

    Saha, Bivas; Garbrecht, Magnus; Perez-Taborda, Jaime A.; Fawey, Mohammed H.; Koh, Yee Rui; Shakouri, Ali; Martin-Gonzalez, Marisol; Hultman, Lars; Sands, Timothy D.

    2017-06-01

    Scandium nitride (ScN) is an emerging indirect bandgap rocksalt semiconductor that has attracted significant attention in recent years for its potential applications in thermoelectric energy conversion devices, as a semiconducting component in epitaxial metal/semiconductor superlattices and as a substrate material for high quality GaN growth. Due to the presence of oxygen impurities and native defects such as nitrogen vacancies, sputter-deposited ScN thin-films are highly degenerate n-type semiconductors with carrier concentrations in the (1-6) × 1020 cm-3 range. In this letter, we show that magnesium nitride (MgxNy) acts as an efficient hole dopant in ScN and reduces the n-type carrier concentration, turning ScN into a p-type semiconductor at high doping levels. Employing a combination of high-resolution X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and room temperature optical and temperature dependent electrical measurements, we demonstrate that p-type Sc1-xMgxN thin-film alloys (a) are substitutional solid solutions without MgxNy precipitation, phase segregation, or secondary phase formation within the studied compositional region, (b) exhibit a maximum hole-concentration of 2.2 × 1020 cm-3 and a hole mobility of 21 cm2/Vs, (c) do not show any defect states inside the direct gap of ScN, thus retaining their basic electronic structure, and (d) exhibit alloy scattering dominating hole conduction at high temperatures. These results demonstrate MgxNy doped p-type ScN and compare well with our previous reports on p-type ScN with manganese nitride (MnxNy) doping.

  12. Investigation of Sc(3) state in nonaqueous solutions by the 45Sc NMR method of high permission

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Buslaev, Yu.A.; Kirakosyan, G.A.; Tarasov, V.P.

    1980-01-01

    The ScCl 3 + CH 3 CN and ScCl 3 + KNCS + CH 3 CN solutions have been studied by a high-resolution NMR 45 Sc method. It has been estimated that in acetonitrile solutions, with competing ligands of Cl - and NCS - being available, hexacoordination Sc(3) complexes of various compositions are formed, and solvent molecules also take part in formation of the coordination sphere of scandium. Chemical shifts in NMR 45 Sc signals depend linearly on the number of chlor- or NCS - ions bound to scandium(3). This made it possible to determine the value of chemical shifts in signals of all 28 potential complexes formed in a system with three competing ligands

  13. Region-specific roles of the prelimbic cortex, the dorsal CA1, the ventral DG and ventral CA1 of the hippocampus in the fear return evoked by a sub-conditioning procedure in rats.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fu, Juan; Xing, Xiaoli; Han, Mengfi; Xu, Na; Piao, Chengji; Zhang, Yue; Zheng, Xigeng

    2016-02-01

    The return of learned fear is an important issue in anxiety disorder research since an analogous process may contribute to long-term fear maintenance or clinical relapse. A number of studies demonstrate that mPFC and hippocampus are important in the modulation of post-extinction re-expression of fear memory. However, the region-specific role of these structures in the fear return evoked by a sub-threshold conditioning (SC) is not known. In the present experiments, we first examined specific roles of the prelimbic cortex (PL), the dorsal hippocampus (DH, the dorsal CA1 area in particular), the ventral hippocampus (the ventral dentate gyrus (vDG) and the ventral CA1 area in particular) in this fear return process. Then we examined the role of connections between PL and vCA1 with this behavioral approach. Rats were subjected to five tone-shock pairings (1.0-mA shock) to induce conditioned fear (freezing), followed by three fear extinction sessions (25 tone-alone trials each session). After a post-test for extinction memory, some rats were retrained with the SC procedure to reinstate tone-evoked freezing. Rat groups were injected with low doses of the GABAA agonist muscimol to selectively inactivate PL, DH, vDG, or vCA1 120 min before the fear return test. A disconnection paradigm with ipsilateral or contralateral muscimol injection of the PL and the vCA1 was used to examine the role of this pathway in the fear return. We found that transient inactivation of these areas significantly impaired fear return (freezing): inactivation of the prelimbic cortex blocked SC-evoked fear return in particular but did not influence fear expression in general; inactivation of the DH area impaired fear return, but had no effect on the extinction retrieval process; both ventral DG and ventral CA1 are required for the return of extinguished fear whereas only ventral DG is required for the extinction retrieval. These findings suggest that PL, DH, vDG, and vCA1 all contribute to the fear

  14. Effect of sintering time on the physical characteristics of CaCu_3Ti_4O_1_2

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Carvalho, E. de; Muccillo, E.N.S.

    2011-01-01

    Polycrystalline CaCu_3Ti_4O_1_2 (CCTO) with the perovskite type structure has a high dielectric constant that can do up to 10"5, at room temperature, which make it an interesting material to be applied at several microelectronic devices. In this work, CCTO was prepared by the conventional solid state method, in order to identify the influence of process parameters in its properties. Powders were homogenized in a mechanical mixer, calcined at 900 °C for 18 hours, pressed into 10 mm diameter pellets and sintered at 1050 °C for 12 and 18 hours. Density achieved was 94 and 87%, pellets sintered for 12 and 18 hours, respectively. X-ray diffraction confirms the presence of the cubic phase of perovskite type. The observation of micrographs shows an increase of the grain size with the sintering time. Dielectric properties present a dependence on the sample process. (author)

  15. Application of gradient-corrected density functional theory to the structures and thermochemistries of ScF3, TiF4, VF5, and CrF6

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Russo, T.V.; Martin, R.L.; Jeffrey Hay, P.

    1995-01-01

    Density functional theory (DFT) and Hartree--Fock (HF) calculations are reported for the family of transition metal fluorides ScF 3 , TiF 4 , VF 5 , and CrF 6 . Both HF and the local-density approximation (LDA) yield excellent agreement with experimental bond lengths, while the B-LYP gradient-corrected density functional gives bond lengths 0.04-0.05 A too long. An investigation of various combinations of exchange and correlation functionals shows that, for this series, the origin of this behavior lies in the Becke exchange functional. Much improved bond distances are found using the hybrid HF/DFT functional advocated by Becke. This approximation also leads to much improved thermochemistries. The LDA overestimates average bond energies in this series by 30-40 kcal/mol, whereas the B-LYP functional overbinds by only ∼8-12 kcal/mol, and the hybrid HF/DFT method overbinds by only ∼2 kcal/mol. The hybrid method predicts the octahedral isomer of CrF 6 to be more stable than the trigonal prismatic form by 14 kcal/mol. Comparison of theoretical vibrational frequencies with experiment supports the assignment of an octahedral geometry

  16. Electrical and mechanical properties of 0.5Ba (Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-0.5 (Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 (BZT-BCT) lead free ferroelectric ceramics reinforced with Al2O3 nano-oxide

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Adhikari, Prativa; Mazumder, R.

    2014-01-01

    Piezoelectric ceramics are widely used as actuator, resonator, and spark igniter. Recently, much attention has been paid to prepare 0.5Ba (Zr 0.2 Ti 0.8 )O 3 -0.5 (Ba 0.7 Ca 0.3 )TiO 3 (BZT-BCT) piezoelectric ceramics because of its good dielectric, piezoelectric properties and environment friendly nature. However, piezoelectric ceramics based on BaTiO 3 suffer from low reliability and poor mechanical properties such as strength and toughness. For practical application improvement of the mechanical properties of BaTiO 3 -based ceramics is strongly required. A novel method has been used to improve the mechanical properties of structural ceramics by reinforcement of oxide (Al 2 O 3 , MgO, ZrO 2 and Stabilized-ZrO 2 ) or non-oxide (SiC) particles. It is well known that electrical properties of ferroelectric ceramics generally degrade with non-ferroelectric additives and decrease in sinterability usually encountered with refractory oxide additives. Use of nano-oxide additives may drastically reduce the amount of additive and electrical property may not degrade much. In this report we would show the electrical and mechanical properties of BZT-BCT with Al 2 O 3 nano oxide additive. Modified BZT-BCT nanocomposites were prepared by mixing and sintering of solid state synthesized Zr, Ca modified barium titanate powder and small amount (0.1-2.0 vol %) of nano-oxides, i.e. Al 2 O 3 . Effect of sintering temperature, time, particle size of the nano-oxide additives on electrical (dielectric constant, loss factor, Curie temperature, d 33 ) and mechanical (flexural strength, fracture toughness, hardness) properties were studied. We obtained ∼ 94% dense BZT-BCT reinforced with Al 2 O 3 nano-oxide at 1300℃ without degrading electrical properties (dielectric constant (4850), low dissipation factor (0.0242)) and superior mechanical properties (flexural strength - 60.3 MPa, Vickers hardness-750-800 MPa). (author)

  17. Development of standardized radioactive 46Sc solution

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Du Hongshan; Jia Zhang; Yu Yiguang; Sun Naiyao

    1988-01-01

    A method of preparation of standardized radioactive 46 Sc solution is developed. The separation of 46 Sc, the composition of 46 Sc solution and its stability, and radioactivity measurement of 46 Sc are systematically studied. The results obtained in the study and in the applications in many laboratories have shown that our method is effective and reliable

  18. Resolving surface chemical states in XPS analysis of first row transition metals, oxides and hydroxides: Sc, Ti, V, Cu and Zn

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Biesinger, Mark C.; Lau, Leo W.M.; Gerson, Andrea R.; Smart, Roger St.C.

    2010-01-01

    Chemical state X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis of first row transition metals and their oxides and hydroxides is challenging due to the complexity of the 2p spectra resulting from peak asymmetries, complex multiplet splitting, shake-up and plasmon loss structure, and uncertain, overlapping binding energies. A review of current literature shows that all values necessary for reproducible, quantitative chemical state analysis are usually not provided. This paper reports a more consistent, practical and effective approach to curve-fitting the various chemical states in a variety of Sc, Ti, V, Cu and Zn metals, oxides and hydroxides. The curve-fitting procedures proposed are based on a combination of (1) standard spectra from quality reference samples, (2) a survey of appropriate literature databases and/or a compilation of the literature references, and (3) specific literature references where fitting procedures are available. Binding energies, full-width at half maximum (FWHM) values, spin-orbit splitting values, asymmetric peak-shape fitting parameters, and, for Cu and Zn, Auger parameters values are presented. The quantification procedure for Cu species details the use of the shake-up satellites for Cu(II)-containing compounds and the exact binding energies of the Cu(0) and Cu(I) peaks. The use of the modified Auger parameter for Cu and Zn species allows for corroborating evidence when there is uncertainty in the binding energy assignment. These procedures can remove uncertainties in analysis of surface states in nano-particles, corrosion, catalysis and surface-engineered materials.

  19. Resolving surface chemical states in XPS analysis of first row transition metals, oxides and hydroxides: Sc, Ti, V, Cu and Zn

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Biesinger, Mark C., E-mail: biesingr@uwo.ca [Surface Science Western, University of Western Ontario, University of Western Ontario Research Park, Room LL31, 999 Collip Circle, London, Ontario, N6G 0J3 (Canada); ACeSSS (Applied Centre for Structural and Synchrotron Studies), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095 (Australia); Lau, Leo W.M. [Surface Science Western, University of Western Ontario, University of Western Ontario Research Park, Room LL31, 999 Collip Circle, London, Ontario, N6G 0J3 (Canada); Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7 (Canada); Gerson, Andrea R.; Smart, Roger St.C. [ACeSSS (Applied Centre for Structural and Synchrotron Studies), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095 (Australia)

    2010-11-15

    Chemical state X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis of first row transition metals and their oxides and hydroxides is challenging due to the complexity of the 2p spectra resulting from peak asymmetries, complex multiplet splitting, shake-up and plasmon loss structure, and uncertain, overlapping binding energies. A review of current literature shows that all values necessary for reproducible, quantitative chemical state analysis are usually not provided. This paper reports a more consistent, practical and effective approach to curve-fitting the various chemical states in a variety of Sc, Ti, V, Cu and Zn metals, oxides and hydroxides. The curve-fitting procedures proposed are based on a combination of (1) standard spectra from quality reference samples, (2) a survey of appropriate literature databases and/or a compilation of the literature references, and (3) specific literature references where fitting procedures are available. Binding energies, full-width at half maximum (FWHM) values, spin-orbit splitting values, asymmetric peak-shape fitting parameters, and, for Cu and Zn, Auger parameters values are presented. The quantification procedure for Cu species details the use of the shake-up satellites for Cu(II)-containing compounds and the exact binding energies of the Cu(0) and Cu(I) peaks. The use of the modified Auger parameter for Cu and Zn species allows for corroborating evidence when there is uncertainty in the binding energy assignment. These procedures can remove uncertainties in analysis of surface states in nano-particles, corrosion, catalysis and surface-engineered materials.

  20. Knowledge insufficient: the management of haemoglobin SC disease.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pecker, Lydia H; Schaefer, Beverly A; Luchtman-Jones, Lori

    2017-02-01

    Although haemoglobin SC (HbSC) accounts for 30% of sickle cell disease (SCD) in the United States and United Kingdom, evidence-based guidelines for genotype specific management are lacking. The unique pathology of HbSC disease is complex, characterized by erythrocyte dehydration, intracellular sickling and increased blood viscosity. The evaluation and treatment of patients with HbSC is largely inferred from studies of SCD consisting mostly of haemoglobin SS (HbSS) patients. These studies are underpowered to allow definitive conclusions about HbSC. We review the pathophysiology of HbSC disease, including known and potential differences between HbSS and HbSC, and highlight knowledge gaps in HbSC disease management. Clinical and translational research is needed to develop targeted treatments and to validate management recommendations for efficacy, safety and impact on quality of life for people with HbSC. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  1. Unique bar-like sulfur-doped C3N4/TiO2 nanocomposite: Excellent visible light driven photocatalytic activity and mechanism study

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhao, Yu; Xu, Shiping; Sun, Xiang; Xu, Xing; Gao, Baoyu

    2018-04-01

    In this work, a nanocomposite of TiO2 nanoparticles coupled with sulfur-doped C3N4 (S-C3N4) laminated layer was successfully fabricated using a facile impregnation method and the nanocomposite exhibited superior photocatalytic activity in pollutant removal under visible light irradiation, compared to bare TiO2, g-C3N4 and binary C3N4-TiO2 nanocomposite. The enhanced photocatalytic activity was benefited from the efficient migration and transformation of electron-hole (e--h+) pairs, improved visible light absorption capability, and relatively large specific surface area induce by sulfur doping. Interestingly, the introduction of sulfur changes regulated the morphology of g-C3N4 leading to the formation of ultrathin g-C3N4 layer nanosheet assemblies and unique bar-like g-C3N4/TiO2 nanocomposite, which is beneficial for the outstanding performance of the product. In addition, trapping experiment was carried out to identify the main active species in the photocatalytic reaction over the S-C3N4/TiO2 photocatalyst, and functional mechanism of the composite was proposed. This work may provide new ideas for the fabrication and utilization of highly efficient photocatalyst with excellent visible light response in environmental purification applications.

  2. Morphology controlled ultrafine BaTiO3 based PVDF-HFP ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    21

    ... for real applications. Kew Words: Polygonal, Barium Titanate, Hydrothermal, Dielectric and Sensor. 1. 2 ... structure and can be tuned further by substituting various dopants (Sr, Ca and Zr). .... Modified BaTiO3 induces less displacement of Ti and O ions along c- axis and .... sputter coated on both sides with gold. The films ...

  3. Coexistence of collective and non-collective structures in the odd-A f7/2 nuclei

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bednarczyk, P.; Styczen, J.; Broda, R.

    1996-09-01

    High-spin states in 43 Ca, 45 Sc, and 45 Ti were studied with the GASP multidetector array coupled with the Recoil Mass Spectrometer. The nuclei were excited in the 60 MeV 18 O + 30 Si reaction. Lifetimes were extracted from the analysis of the Doppler-shift attenuation of γ-rays observed in the reversed 35 Cl+ 12 C reaction. The measurements suggest significant deformations of the positive-parity intruder bands in 45 Sc and 45 Ti. These bands are predicted by the mean-field calculations to be the cross-shell particle-hole excitation associated with a strong quadrupole core-polarization. Spherical shell-model calculations reproduce observed excitation energies and transition rates in both spherical and deformed structures. (author)

  4. Elemental content in ground and soluble/instant coffee

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Vega-Carrillo, H.R.; Manzanares-Acuna, E.; Iskander, F.Y.

    2002-01-01

    The concentration of thirty-four elements in twelve coffee brands has been measured using instrumental neutron activation analysis. The samples investigated included four brands of commercially available ground coffee and eight brands of soluble/instant coffee. The elements measured were Al, As, Ba, Ca, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Dy, Eu, Fe, Gd, Hf, K, La, Lu, Mg, Mn, Na, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sm, Sr, Ta, Tb, Th, Ti, Tm, U, V, Yb and Zn. Twenty four elements were found to be below the detection limit in one or more samples. These elements were Ce, Cr, Fe, V, As, Eu, Ba, Dy, Gd, Hf, La, Lu, Sb, Sc, Se, Sm, Sr, Ta, Tb, Th, Ti, Yb, Tm, and U. (author)

  5. N-Doped TiO₂-Coated Ceramic Membrane for Carbamazepine Degradation in Different Water Qualities.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Luster, Enbal; Avisar, Dror; Horovitz, Inna; Lozzi, Luca; Baker, Mark A; Grilli, Rossana; Mamane, Hadas

    2017-07-31

    The photocatalytic degradation of the model pollutant carbamazepine (CBZ) was investigated under simulated solar irradiation with an N-doped TiO₂-coated Al₂O₃ photocatalytic membrane, using different water types. The photocatalytic membrane combines photocatalysis and membrane filtration in a single step. The impact of each individual constituent such as acidity, alkalinity, dissolved organic matter (DOM), divalent cations (Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ ), and Cl - on the degradation of CBZ was examined. CBZ in water was efficiently degraded by an N-doped TiO₂-coated Al₂O₃ membrane. However, elements added to the water, which simulate the constituents of natural water, had an impact on the CBZ degradation. Water alkalinity inhibited CBZ degradation mostly due to increase in pH while radical scavenging by carbonate was more dominant at higher values (>200 mg/L as CaCO₃). A negative effect of Ca 2+ addition on photocatalytic degradation was found only in combination with phosphate buffer, probably caused by deposition of CaHPO₄ or CaHPO₄·2H₂O on the catalyst surface. The presence of Cl - and Mg 2+ ions had no effect on CBZ degradation. DOM significantly inhibited CBZ degradation for all tested background organic compounds. The photocatalytic activity of N-doped TiO₂-coated Al₂O₃ membranes gradually decreased after continuous use; however, it was successfully regenerated by 0.1% HCl chemical cleaning. Nevertheless, dissolution of metals like Al and Ti should be monitored following acid cleaning.

  6. Gd (III) chelates adsorbed on TiO2 nanoparticles - promising MRI contrast agent

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rehor, Ivan; Lukes, Ivan; Peters, Joop A.; Jirak, Daniel

    2009-01-01

    Full text: The project deals with a new contrast agent (CA) for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The CA consists of two main parts - diamagnetic core (TiO 2 nanoparticle) and Gd (III) chelates grafted on its surface. The presence of the nanoparticle core is responsible for significant increase of r1 millimolar relaxivity (which corresponds to the efficiency of the CA) due to the slowing down the rotation of the complex in solution. It also affects the biodistribution characteristics of the CA - the ability to penetrate through cell membranes is well known for nanoparticles, making them useful for cell labeling. The structure of the chelate is derived from DOTA ligand, whose Gd (III) complexes are commercially used as MRI CA in human medicine. The connection of the complex to the surface is realized via penylphosphonate, which is attached to the pendant arm of the ligand. Strong interaction of the phosphonate with the TiO 2 surface results in the full surface coverage. The complexation and MRI properties of Gd chelate were studied and exhibit analogy to the complexes of DOTA, The millimolar relaxivity (r1) of the Gd (III) complex significantly increases upon adsorption on the TiO 2 nanoparticles. PVA was added to the colloidal solutions of CA to stabilize them under biological conditions and such stabilized CA was utilized for MRI visualization of rat pancreatic islets (P1). The labeled islets were detected on MR images as hyperintense area and therefore our CA seems to be promising material for cellular MRI

  7. Semiconductor-metal transition in CaMO3-CaTiO2 (M-Ru,Ir) systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lazarev, V.B.; Shaplygin, I.S.

    1982-01-01

    Properties of CaRusub(x)Tisub(1-x)Osub(3) and CaIsub(2x)Tisub(1-x)Osub(3) solid solutions were studied in the whole range of concentrations by the methods of X-ray diffraction, electric conductivity and magnetic susceptibility. It was ascertained that the transition of semiconductor-metal type proceeded in the both families of solid solutions at x approximately 0.77 and 0.85 respectively and was accompanied by the change of structural type of solid solutions

  8. SC-FDMA for mobile communications

    CERN Document Server

    Abd El-Samie, Fathi E

    2013-01-01

    SC-FDMA for Mobile Communications examines Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA). Explaining this rapidly evolving system for mobile communications, it describes its advantages and limitations and outlines possible solutions for addressing its current limitations. The book explores the emerging trend of cooperative communication with SC-FDMA and how it can improve the physical layer security. It considers the design of distributed coding schemes and protocols for wireless relay networks where users cooperate to send their data to the destination. Supplying you with the re

  9. Multilayer (TiN, TiAlN) ceramic coatings for nuclear fuel cladding

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Alat, Ece, E-mail: exa179@psu.edu [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 (United States); Motta, Arthur T. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 (United States); Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 (United States); Comstock, Robert J.; Partezana, Jonna M. [Westinghouse Electric Co., Beulah Rd, Pittsburgh, PA 1332 (United States); Wolfe, Douglas E. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 (United States); Applied Research Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, 119 Materials Research Building, University Park, PA 16802 (United States)

    2016-09-15

    In an attempt to develop an accident-tolerant fuel (ATF) that can delay the deleterious consequences of loss-of-coolant-accidents (LOCA), multilayer coatings were deposited onto ZIRLO{sup ®} coupon substrates by cathodic arc physical vapor deposition (CA-PVD). Coatings were composed of alternating TiN (top) and Ti{sub 1-x}Al{sub x}N (2-layer, 4-layer, 8-layer and 16-layer) layers. The minimum TiN top coating thickness and coating architecture were optimized for good corrosion and oxidation resistance. Corrosion tests were performed in static pure water at 360 °C and 18.7 MPa for up to 90 days. The optimized coatings showed no spallation/delamination and had a maximum of 6 mg/dm{sup 2} weight gain, which is 6 times smaller than that of a control sample of uncoated ZIRLO{sup ®} which showed a weight gain of 40.2 mg/dm{sup 2}. The optimized architecture features a ∼1 μm TiN top layer to prevent boehmite phase formation during corrosion and a TiN/TiAlN 8-layer architecture which provides the best corrosion performance. - Highlights: • The first study on multilayer TiAlN and TiN ceramic coatings on ZIRLO{sup ®} coupons. • Corrosion tests were performed at 360°C and 18.7 MPa for up to 90 days. • Coatings adhered well to the substrate, and showed no spallation/delamination. • Weight gains were six times lower than those of uncoated ZIRLO{sup ®} samples. • Longer and higher temperature corrosion tests will be discussed in a further paper.

  10. Precipitation in cold-rolled Al-Sc-Zr and Al-Mn-Sc-Zr alloys prepared by powder metallurgy

    KAUST Repository

    Vlach, Martin

    2013-12-01

    The effects of cold-rolling on thermal, mechanical and electrical properties, microstructure and recrystallization behaviour of the AlScZr and AlMnScZr alloys prepared by powder metallurgy were studied. The powder was produced by atomising in argon with 1% oxygen and then consolidated by hot extrusion at 350 C. The electrical resistometry and microhardness together with differential scanning calorimetry measurements were compared with microstructure development observed by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and electron backscatter diffraction. Fine (sub)grain structure developed and fine coherent Al3Sc and/or Al3(Sc,Zr) particles precipitated during extrusion at 350 C in the alloys studied. Additional precipitation of the Al3Sc and/or Al3(Sc,Zr) particles and/or their coarsening was slightly facilitated by the previous cold rolling. The presence of Sc,Zr-containing particles has a significant antirecrystallization effect that prevents recrystallization at temperatures minimally up to 420 C. The precipitation of the Al6Mn- and/or Al 6(Mn,Fe) particles of a size ~ 1.0 μm at subgrain boundaries has also an essential antirecrystallization effect and totally suppresses recrystallization during 32 h long annealing at 550 C. The texture development of the alloys seems to be affected by high solid solution strengthening by Mn. The precipitation of the Mn-containing alloy is highly enhanced by a cold rolling. The apparent activation energy of the Al3Sc particles formation and/or coarsening and that of the Al6Mn and/or Al 6(Mn,Fe) particle precipitation in the powder and in the compacted alloys were determined. The cold deformation has no effect on the apparent activation energy values of the Al3Sc-phase and the Al 6Mn-phase precipitation. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.

  11. Precipitation in cold-rolled Al-Sc-Zr and Al-Mn-Sc-Zr alloys prepared by powder metallurgy

    KAUST Repository

    Vlach, Martin; Stulí ková , Ivana; Smola, Bohumil; Kekule, Tomá š; Kudrnová , Hana; Daniš, Stanislav; Gemma, Ryota; Očená šek, Vladivoj; Má lek, Jaroslav; Tanprayoon, Dhritti; Neubert, Volkmar

    2013-01-01

    The effects of cold-rolling on thermal, mechanical and electrical properties, microstructure and recrystallization behaviour of the AlScZr and AlMnScZr alloys prepared by powder metallurgy were studied. The powder was produced by atomising in argon with 1% oxygen and then consolidated by hot extrusion at 350 C. The electrical resistometry and microhardness together with differential scanning calorimetry measurements were compared with microstructure development observed by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and electron backscatter diffraction. Fine (sub)grain structure developed and fine coherent Al3Sc and/or Al3(Sc,Zr) particles precipitated during extrusion at 350 C in the alloys studied. Additional precipitation of the Al3Sc and/or Al3(Sc,Zr) particles and/or their coarsening was slightly facilitated by the previous cold rolling. The presence of Sc,Zr-containing particles has a significant antirecrystallization effect that prevents recrystallization at temperatures minimally up to 420 C. The precipitation of the Al6Mn- and/or Al 6(Mn,Fe) particles of a size ~ 1.0 μm at subgrain boundaries has also an essential antirecrystallization effect and totally suppresses recrystallization during 32 h long annealing at 550 C. The texture development of the alloys seems to be affected by high solid solution strengthening by Mn. The precipitation of the Mn-containing alloy is highly enhanced by a cold rolling. The apparent activation energy of the Al3Sc particles formation and/or coarsening and that of the Al6Mn and/or Al 6(Mn,Fe) particle precipitation in the powder and in the compacted alloys were determined. The cold deformation has no effect on the apparent activation energy values of the Al3Sc-phase and the Al 6Mn-phase precipitation. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.

  12. H–TiO{sub 2}/C/MnO{sub 2} nanocomposite materials for high-performance supercapacitors

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Di, Jing; Fu, Xincui; Zheng, Huajun, E-mail: zhenghj@zjut.edu.cn [Zhejiang University of Technology, Department of Applied Chemistry (China); Jia, Yi [Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre (Australia)

    2015-06-15

    Functionalized TiO{sub 2} nanotube arrays with decoration of MnO{sub 2} nanoparticles (denoted as H–TiO{sub 2}/C/MnO{sub 2}) have been synthesized in the application of electrochemical capacitors. To improve both areal and gravimetric capacitance, hydrogen treatment and carbon coating process were conducted on TiO{sub 2} nanotube arrays. By scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, it is confirmed that the nanostructure is formed by the uniform incorporation of MnO{sub 2} nanoparticles growing round the surface of the TiO{sub 2} nanotube arrays. Impedance analysis proves that the enhanced capacitive is due to the decrease of charge transfer resistance and diffusion resistance. Electrochemical measurements performed on this H–TiO{sub 2}/C/MnO{sub 2} nanocomposite when used as an electrode material for an electrochemical pseudocapacitor presents quasi-rectangular shaped cyclic voltammetry curves up to 100 mV/s, with a large specific capacitance (SC) of 299.8 F g{sup −1} at the current density of 0.5 A g{sup −1} in 1 M Na{sub 2}SO{sub 4} electrolyte. More importantly, the electrode also exhibits long-term cycling stability, only ∼13 % of SC loss after 2000 continuous charge–discharge cycles. Based on the concept of integrating active materials on highly ordered nanostructure framework, this method can be widely applied to the synthesis of high-performance electrode materials for energy storage.

  13. Feasible synthesis of TiO2 deposited on kaolin for photocatalytic applications

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Henych, Jiří; Štengl, Václav

    2013-01-01

    Roč. 61, 3-4 (2013), s. 165-176 ISSN 0009-8604 R&D Projects: GA MPO FR-TI1/006 Institutional support: RVO:61388980 Keywords : Homogeneous Hydrolysis * Kaolin * Photocatalysis * TiO2 * Urea Subject RIV: CA - Inorganic Chemistry Impact factor: 1.398, year: 2013

  14. Band structure of the quaternary Heusler alloys ScMnFeSn and ScFeCoAl

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shanthi, N.; Teja, Y. N.; Shaji, Shephine M.; Hosamani, Shashikala; Divya, H. S.

    2018-04-01

    In our quest for materials with specific applications, a theoretical study plays an important role in predicting the properties of compounds. Heusler alloys or compounds are the most studied in this context. More recently, a lot of quaternary Heusler compounds are investigated for potential applications in fields like Spintronics. We report here our preliminary study of the alloys ScMnFeSn and ScFeCoAl, using the ab-initio linear muffin-tin orbital method within the atomic sphere approximation (LMTO-ASA). The alloy ScMnFeSn shows perfect half-metallicity, namely, one of the spins shows a metallic behaviour and the other spin shows semi-conducting behaviour. Such materials find application in devices such as the spin-transfer torque random access memory (STT-MRAM). In addition, the alloy ScMnFeSn is found to have an integral magnetic moment of 4 µB, as predicted by the Slater-Pauling rule. The alloy ScFeCoAl does not show half-metallicity.

  15. On new ternary equiatomic scandium transition metal aluminum compounds ScTAl with T = Cr, Ru, Ag, Re, Pt, and Au

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Radzieowski, Mathis; Janka, Oliver [Muenster Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Benndorf, Christopher [Muenster Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Muenster Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Physikalische Chemie; Haverkamp, Sandra [Muenster Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Physikalische Chemie; Eckert, Hellmut [Muenster Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Physikalische Chemie; University of Sao Paulo, Sao Carlos, SP (Brazil). Inst. of Physics

    2016-08-01

    The new equiatomic scandium transition metal aluminides ScTAl for T = Cr, Ru, Ag, Re, Pt, and Au were obtained by arc-melting of the elements followed by subsequent annealing for crystal growth. The samples were studied by powder and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The structures of three compounds were refined from single crystal X-ray diffractometer data: ScCrAl, MgZn{sub 2} type, P6{sub 3}/mmc, a = 525.77(3), c = 858.68(5) pm, R{sub 1} = 0.0188, wR{sub 2} = 0.0485, 204 F{sup 2} values, 13 variables, ScPtAl, TiNiSi type, Pnma, a = 642.83(4), b = 428.96(2), c = 754.54(5) pm, R{sub 1} = 0.0326, wR{sub 2} = 0.0458, 448 F{sup 2} values, 20 variables and ScAuAl, HfRhSn type, P anti 62c, a = 722.88(4), c = 724.15(4) pm, R{sub 1} = 0.0316, wR{sub 2} = 0.0653, 512 F{sup 2} values, 18 variables. Phase pure samples of all compounds were furthermore investigated by magnetic susceptibility measurements, and Pauli-paramagnetism but no superconductivity was observed down to 2.1 K for all of them. The local structural features and disordering phenomena have been characterized by {sup 27}Al and {sup 45}Sc magic angle spinning (MAS) and static NMR spectroscopic investigations.

  16. Synthesis, structure and total conductivity of A-site doped LaTiO3−δ perovskites

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bradha, M.; Hussain, S.; Chakravarty, Sujay; Amarendra, G.; Ashok, Anuradha

    2015-01-01

    Highlights: • A-site divalent alkaline earth metal doped LaTiO 3−δ perovskites were synthesised by sol–gel method. • Structural studies revealed no change in crystal symmetry but change in cell dimensions after doping. • After doping divalent cations in A-site, an enhancement in total conductivity was observed in LaTiO 3−δ . • Temperature dependent electrical property was observed in all synthesised perovskites. - Abstract: Oxygen deficient perovskites LaTiO 3−δ and La 0.8 A 0.2 TiO 3−δ (A = Ba, Sr, Ca) were synthesized by sol–gel method. The effect of divalent dopants on microstructure is investigated in detail using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The oxidation states of La 3+ and Ti 3+ ions have been deduced using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Impedance spectroscopy was used to analyze the total conductivity, an increase in conductivity was observed after doping in the A-site with divalent cations Ba, Ca and Sr. Among the investigated perovskites La 0.8 Ca 0.2 TiO 3−δ exhibited the maximum conductivity of 1.22 × 10 −2 S/cm in air atmosphere at 650 °C

  17. Solution-processed all-oxide bulk heterojunction solar cells based on CuO nanaorod array and TiO2 nanocrystals

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wu, Fan; Qiao, Qiquan; Bahrami, Behzad; Chen, Ke; Pathak, Rajesh; Tong, Yanhua; Li, Xiaoyi; Zhang, Tiansheng; Jian, Ronghua

    2018-05-01

    We present a method to synthesize CuO nanorod array/TiO2 nanocrystals bulk heterojunction (BHJ) on fluorine-tin-oxide (FTO) glass, in which single-crystalline p-type semiconductor of the CuO nanorod array is grown on the FTO glass by hydrothermal reaction and the n-type semiconductor of the TiO2 precursor is filled into the CuO nanorods to form well-organized nano-interpenetrating BHJ after air annealing. The interface charge transfer in CuO nanorod array/TiO2 heterojunction is studied by Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). KPFM results demonstrate that the CuO nanorod array/TiO2 heterojunction can realize the transfer of photo-generated electrons from the CuO nanorod array to TiO2. In this work, a solar cell with the structure FTO/CuO nanoarray/TiO2/Al is successfully fabricated, which exhibits an open-circuit voltage (V oc) of 0.20 V and short-circuit current density (J sc) of 0.026 mA cm‑2 under AM 1.5 illumination. KPFM studies indicate that the very low performance is caused by an undesirable interface charge transfer. The interfacial surface potential (SP) shows that the electron concentration in the CuO nanorod array changes considerably after illumination due to increased photo-generated electrons, but the change in the electron concentration in TiO2 is much less than in CuO, which indicates that the injection efficiency of the photo-generated electrons from CuO to TiO2 is not satisfactory, resulting in an undesirable J sc in the solar cell. The interface photovoltage from the KPFM measurement shows that the low V oc results from the small interfacial SP difference between CuO and TiO2 because the low injected electron concentration cannot raise the Fermi level significantly in TiO2. This conclusion agrees with the measured work function results under illumination. Hence, improvement of the interfacial electron injection is primary for the CuO nanorod array/TiO2 heterojunction solar cells.

  18. Electromagnetic behavior of radar absorbing materials based on Ca hexaferrite modified with Co-Ti ions and doped with La

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Valdirene Aparecida da Silva

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available Radar Absorbing Materials (RAM are compounds that absorb incidental electromagnetic radiation in tuned frequencies and dissipate it as heat. Its preparation involves the adequate processing of polymeric matrices filled with compounds that act as radar absorbing centers in the microwave range. This work shows the electromagnetic evaluation of RAM based on CoTi and La doped Ca hexaferrite. Vibrating Sample Magnetization analyses show that ion substitution promoted low values for the parameters of saturation magnetization (123.65 Am2/kg and coercive field (0.07 T indicating ferrite softening. RAM samples obtained using different hexaferrite concentrations (40-80 per cent, w/w show variations in complex permeability and permittivity parameters and also in the performance of incidental radiation attenuation. Microwave attenuation values between 40 and 98 per cent were obtained.

  19. Enhanced magnetoresistance in La0.7Ca0.3Mn03/Nd0.7Ca0.3Mn03 epitaxial multilayers

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sharma, Himanshu; Khan, Md. S.; Tomy, C.V.; Jain, Sourabh; Tulapurkar, Ashwin

    2014-01-01

    Magnanite multilayers of La 0.7 Ca 0.3 MnO 3 /Nd 0.7 Ca 0.5 MnO 3 have been fabricated on SrTiO 3 (100) substrate using Nd 0.7 Ca 0.5 MnO 3 as the spacer layers. An enhanced magnetoresistance (MR) of more than 80% is observed in the multilayers compared with LCMO thin film (∼50%). Result suggests that the interface strains between LCMO and NCMO layers may have influences on the transport properties and a suitable film structure could be used to increase the large low field magnetoresistance. (author)

  20. Interaction of two counterpropagating waves in a Ca:Ga:Bi12TiO20 crystal upon photoinduced absorption of light

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mart'yanov, A G; Ageev, E Yu; Shandarov, S M; Mandel', A E; Bochanova, N V; Ivanova, N V; Kargin, Yu F; Volkov, V V; Egorysheva, A V; Shepelevich, V V

    2003-01-01

    It is shown that the interaction of counterpropagating coherent light beams at a wavelength of 633 nm in a Bi 12 TiO 20 :Ca:Ga crystal leads to the formation of a holographic reflection grating, which is a combination of phase and amplitude components related to photoinduced perturbations of the refractive index and absorption coefficient of the crystal. The formation of the grating is accompanied by a photoinduced decrease in the absorption coefficient of light Δα by -0.07 cm -1 . Photoinduced bleaching of the crystal occurs when the crystal is exposed to incoherent radiation at 600 nm (Δα= -0.12 cm -1 ), while an increase in absorption is observed upon irradiation at 570 nm. (nonlinear optical phenomena)

  1. Observation of indium ion migration-induced resistive switching in Al/Mg_0_._5Ca_0_._5TiO_3/ITO

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lin, Zong-Han; Wang, Yeong-Her

    2016-01-01

    Understanding switching mechanisms is very important for resistive random access memory (RRAM) applications. This letter reports an investigation of Al/Mg_0_._5Ca_0_._5TiO_3 (MCTO)/ITO RRAM, which exhibits bipolar resistive switching behavior. The filaments that connect Al electrodes with indium tin oxide electrodes across the MCTO layer at a low-resistance state are identified. The filaments composed of In_2O_3 crystals are observed through energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, nanobeam diffraction, and comparisons of Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS) cards. Finally, a switching mechanism resulting from an electrical field induced by In"3"+ ion migration is proposed. In"3"+ ion migration forms/ruptures the conductive filaments and sets/resets the RRAM device.

  2. Characterization, Cytotoxicity, and Genotoxicity of TiO2 and Folate-Coupled Chitosan Nanoparticles Loading Polyprenol-Based Nanoemulsion.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tao, Ran; Wang, Chengzhang; Zhang, Changwei; Li, WenJun; Zhou, Hao; Chen, Hongxia; Ye, Jianzhong

    2018-07-01

    The structure and bioactivity of Ginkgo biloba leaves polyprenol (GBP) are similar to that of dolichol which widely exists in human and mammalian organs. GBP possesses potential pharmacological activities against cancer. This study involved oil-in-water type nanoemulsion (NE) loading GBP was prepared by dissolving polyprenol in nanoemulsion of sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP)/TiO 2 solution, Triton X-100, and 1-octanol by inversed-phase emulsification (EIP) and ultrasonic emulsification (UE) method. Folic acid (FA)-coupled chitosan (CS) nanoparticles (NPs), GBP-FA-CS-NPs and GBP-TiO 2 -FA-CS-NPs, were fabricated by ionic cross-linking of positively charged FA-CS conjugates and negatively charged nanoemulsion with TPP/TiO 2 . And characterizations of them were investigated by TEM, SEM, FTIR, particle size, and zeta potential. The cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of GBP-TiO 2 -FA-CS-NP treatment were higher than GBP-NE, GBP-FA-CS-NPs, TiO 2 -NE, GBP-TiO 2 -NE, TiO 2 -FA-CS-NPs, and GBP-TiO 2 -FA-CS-NP treatment at the same tested concentrations in HepG2 cells. GBP-TiO 2 -FA-CS-NPs at low TiO 2 concentration (from 1 to 2.5 μg/ml) showed good inhibition capacity on HepG2 cells and low cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on HL-7702 cells. The possible mechanism of cytotoxicity on GBP-TiO 2 -FA-CS-NPs against HepG2 cells is by preventing excessive intracellular Ca 2+ into extracellular spaces via inhibiting Ca 2+ -ATPase and Ca 2+ /Mg 2+ -ATPase.

  3. Synthesis of calcium-phosphorous doped TiO{sub 2} nanotubes by anodization and reverse polarization: A promising strategy for an efficient biofunctional implant surface

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Alves, Sofia A., E-mail: sofiafonso@msn.com [CMEMS – Center of MicroElectroMechanical Systems, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães (Portugal); IBTN/US – American Branch of the Institute of Biomaterials, Tribocorrosion and Nanomedicine, UIC College of Dentistry, 60612 Chicago, IL (United States); Patel, Sweetu B. [IBTN/US – American Branch of the Institute of Biomaterials, Tribocorrosion and Nanomedicine, UIC College of Dentistry, 60612 Chicago, IL (United States); Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 49931 Houghton, MI (United States); Sukotjo, Cortino [IBTN/US – American Branch of the Institute of Biomaterials, Tribocorrosion and Nanomedicine, UIC College of Dentistry, 60612 Chicago, IL (United States); Departmenmt of Restorative Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 60612 Chicago, IL (United States); Mathew, Mathew T. [IBTN/US – American Branch of the Institute of Biomaterials, Tribocorrosion and Nanomedicine, UIC College of Dentistry, 60612 Chicago, IL (United States); Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 60612 Chicago, IL (United States); Department of Biomedical Science, UIC School of Medicine at Rockford, 61107 Rockford, IL (United States); Filho, Paulo N. [IBTN/Br – Brazilian Branch of the Institute of Biomaterials, Tribocorrosion and Nanomedicine, UNESP – Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências, 17033-360 Bauru, São Paulo (Brazil); Faculdade de Ciências, Departamento de Física, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, 17033-360 Bauru, São Paulo (Brazil); Celis, Jean-Pierre [Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven (Belgium); and others

    2017-03-31

    Highlights: • A new surface modification methodology for bio-functionalization of TiO2 NTs is addressed • Bone-like structured TiO2 nanotubular surfaces containing Ca and P were synthesized. • Ca/P-doped TiO2 NTs enhanced adhesion and proliferation of osteoblastic-like cells. • The bio-functionalization granted improved bio-electrochemical stability to TiO2 NTs. - Abstract: The modification of surface features such as nano-morphology/topography and chemistry have been employed in the attempt to design titanium oxide surfaces able to overcome the current dental implants failures. The main goal of this study is the synthesis of bone-like structured titanium dioxide (TiO{sub 2}) nanotubes enriched with Calcium (Ca) and Phosphorous (P) able to enhance osteoblastic cell functions and, simultaneously, display an improved corrosion behavior. To achieve the main goal, TiO{sub 2} nanotubes were synthetized and doped with Ca and P by means of a novel methodology which relied, firstly, on the synthesis of TiO{sub 2} nanotubes by anodization of titanium in an organic electrolyte followed by reverse polarization and/or anodization, in an aqueous electrolyte. Results show that hydrophilic bone-like structured TiO{sub 2} nanotubes were successfully synthesized presenting a highly ordered nano-morphology characterized by non-uniform diameters. The chemical analysis of such nanotubes confirmed the presence of CaCO{sub 3}, Ca{sub 3}(PO{sub 4}){sub 2}, CaHPO{sub 4} and CaO compounds. The nanotube surfaces submitted to reverse polarization, presented an improved cell adhesion and proliferation compared to smooth titanium. Furthermore, these surfaces displayed a significantly lower passive current in artificial saliva, and so, potential to minimize their bio-degradation through corrosion processes. This study addresses a very simple and promising multidisciplinary approach bringing new insights for the development of novel methodologies to improve the outcome of osseointegrated

  4. In vitro bioactivity of a biocomposite fabricated from HA and Ti powders by powder metallurgy method.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ning, C Q; Zhou, Y

    2002-07-01

    Traditionally, hydroxyapatite was used as a coating material on titanium substrate by various techniques. In the present work, a biocomposite was successfully fabricated from hydroxyapatite and titanium powders by powder metallurgy method. Bioactivity of the composite in a simulated body fluid (SBF) was investigated. Main crystal phases of the as-fabricated composite are found to be Ti2O, CaTiO3, CaO, alpha-Ti and a TiP-like phase. When the composite is immersed in the simulated body fluid for a certain time, a poor-crystallized, calcium-deficient, carbonate-containing apatite film will form on the surface of the composite. The time required to induce apatite nucleation is within 2 h. In addition, the apatite is also incorporated with a little magnesium and chlorine element. It is found that Ti2O has the ability to induce the formation of bone-like apatite in the SBF. And a dissolve of the CaO phase could also provide favorable conditions for the apatite formation, by forming open pores on the surface of the composite and increasing the degree of supersaturation of the SBF with respect to the apatite.

  5. A novel artificial microRNA expressing AAV vector for phospholamban silencing in cardiomyocytes improves Ca2+ uptake into the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tobias Gröβl

    Full Text Available In failing rat hearts, post-transcriptonal inhibition of phospholamban (PLB expression by AAV9 vector-mediated cardiac delivery of short hairpin RNAs directed against PLB (shPLBr improves both impaired SERCA2a controlled Ca2+ cycling and contractile dysfunction. Cardiac delivery of shPLB, however, was reported to cause cardiac toxicity in canines. Thus we developed a new AAV vector, scAAV6-amiR155-PLBr, expressing a novel engineered artificial microRNA (amiR155-PLBr directed against PLB under control of a heart-specific hybrid promoter. Its PLB silencing efficiency and safety were compared with those of an AAV vector expressing shPLBr (scAAV6-shPLBr from an ubiquitously active U6 promoter. Investigations were carried out in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (CM over a period of 14 days. Compared to shPLBr, amiR155-PLBr was expressed at a significantly lower level, resulting in delayed and less pronounced PLB silencing. Despite decreased knockdown efficiency of scAAV6-amiR155-PLBr, a similar increase of the SERCA2a-catalyzed Ca2+ uptake into sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR vesicles was observed for both the shPLBr and amiR155-PLBr vectors. Proteomic analysis confirmed PLB silencing of both therapeutic vectors and revealed that shPLBr, but not the amiR155-PLBr vector, increased the proinflammatory proteins STAT3, STAT1 and activated STAT1 phosphorylation at the key amino acid residue Tyr701. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis detected alterations in the expression of several cardiac microRNAs after treatment of CM with scAAV6-shPLBr and scAAV6-amiR155-PLBr, as well as after treatment with its related amiR155- and shRNAs-expressing control AAV vectors. The results demonstrate that scAAV6-amiR155-PLBr is capable of enhancing the Ca2+ transport function of the cardiac SR PLB/SERCA2a system as efficiently as scAAV6-shPLBr while offering a superior safety profile.

  6. Inexpensive sol-gel synthesis of multiwalled carbon nanotube-TiO{sub 2} hybrids for high performance antibacterial materials

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Abbas, Nadir; Shao, Godlisten N. [Department of Fusion Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, 1271 Sa 3-dong, Sangnok-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 426-791 (Korea, Republic of); Haider, M. Salman [Department of Civil and Environmental System Engineering, Hanyang University, 1271 Sa 3-dong, Sangnok-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 426-791 (Korea, Republic of); Imran, Syed Muhammad; Park, Sung Soo; Jeon, Sun-Jeong [Department of Fusion Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, 1271 Sa 3-dong, Sangnok-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 426-791 (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Hee Taik, E-mail: khtaik@hanyang.ac.kr [Department of Fusion Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, 1271 Sa 3-dong, Sangnok-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 426-791 (Korea, Republic of)

    2016-11-01

    This study reports an inexpensive sol-gel method to synthesize TiO{sub 2}-CNT hybrid materials. Synthesized TiO{sub 2}-CNT materials show strong antibacterial activity in the absence of light. Cheap TiO{sub 2} source TiOCl{sub 2} is used during synthesis in the absence of high temperatures, high pressures and organic solvents. TiO{sub 2}-CNT materials with 0, 2, 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt% of CNT were synthesized and compared for antibacterial activity, surface area, porosity, crystalline structure, chemical state, and HaCaT cell proliferation. The antibacterial strength of hybrid materials increased significantly with the increase in CNT loading amount, and the TiO{sub 2}-CNT samples with a CNT loading of 10 wt% or more nearly removed all of the E.coli bacteria. HaCaT cell proliferation studies of synthesized hybrid materials illustrated that prepared TiO{sub 2}-CNT systems exhibit minimum cytotoxicity. The characteristics of prepared materials were analyzed by means of XRD, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, XPS, TEM, and nitrogen gas physisorption studies, compared and discussed. - Highlights: • An inexpensive scheme of preparing TiO{sub 2}-CNT hybrids is presented. • Significant increase in the antibacterial properties of TiO{sub 2} in absence of light • Effects of CNT addition on the physicochemical properties of hybrids are studied. • Antibacterial activity increases with increase in CNT content. • Hybrids show no toxicity towards HaCaT skin cell line.

  7. Crystallographic and electronic structure of the Ca{sub 2}TiMnO{sub 6} double perovskite

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    López, J.P. Garzón [Grupo de Física de Nuevos Materiales, Departamento de Física, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, AA 5997 Bogotá DC (Colombia); Grupo de Estudios de Materiales – GEMA, Departamento de Física, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, AA 5997 Bogotá DC (Colombia); Cardona, R. [Grupo de Estudios de Materiales – GEMA, Departamento de Física, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, AA 5997 Bogotá DC (Colombia); Santos, A. Sarmiento [Grupo de Superficies, Electroquímica y Corrosión, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja (Colombia); Téllez, D.A. Landínez [Grupo de Física de Nuevos Materiales, Departamento de Física, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, AA 5997 Bogotá DC (Colombia); Roa-Rojas, J., E-mail: jroar@unal.edu.co [Grupo de Física de Nuevos Materiales, Departamento de Física, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, AA 5997 Bogotá DC (Colombia)

    2014-12-15

    In this work, we report synthesis and crystalline structure study of the Ca{sub 2}TiMnO{sub 6} complex perovskite, by X-ray diffraction experiments and through the application of the Rietveld refinement using the GSAS code. Results revealed the crystallization of the system in a tetragonal perovskite with the characteristic structure given by I4/m (#87) space group and lattice parameters a=5.339(4) Å and c=7.736(6) Å. Ab initio calculations of density of states (DOS) and electronic structure were carried out for this perovskite-like system, by the Density Functional Theory (DFT) and using the Full-potential Linearized Augmented Plane Waves (FP-LAPW) method. The exchange-correlation potential was treated using the Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA). All calculations were carried-out using spin polarization. For the up spin orientation the compound has a semiconducting behavior and for down spin polarization it behaves like a conductor. The calculated effective magnetic moment in cell was 4.02 μ{sub B}, which is close to the expected value calculated from Hund's rules.

  8. The colours of Hubble Sc galaxy nuclei

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Iskudaryan, S.G.

    1975-01-01

    The colorimetric data on the nuclei of the Sc galaxies are given. Comparison of the following parameters: color of a nucleus, integral color of a galaxy, Byurakan class, and spectral type of normal spirals gives the possibility to conclude: (1) The colors of the nuclei of the Sc galaxies have a high dispersion in its values. In all Byurakan classes the galaxies with intensely red and blue nuclei occur; (2) Some Sc galaxies exhibit a discrepancy between the spectral and morphological types. The results of colorimetry of nuclei indicate that almost all such Sc galaxies have intensely red nuclei which, naturally, provide for these late spectral types. It can be assumed that the intensely red color of the nuclei of such Sc galaxies is a result of a new type of activity of these nuclei; and (3) some Sc galaxies show the characteristics of the Markarian objects

  9. Nuclear Data Sheets for A=39

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Jun

    2018-03-01

    Experimental nuclear structure data from various reactions and decays have been evaluated for all known nuclides of mass 39 (Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, Ar, K, Ca, Sc, Ti). Detailed evaluated nuclear structure information is presented for each reaction and decay and the best values combining all available data are recommended for level energies, half-lives, γ-ray energies and intensities, decay properties (energies, intensities and placement of radiations), and other spectroscopic data. The 39K, 39Ca and 39Ar are the most extensively studied nuclides; no excited states are known in 39Mg and 39Ti. This work supersedes the earlier full evaluation of A=39 by B. Singh and J. Cameron (2006Si02).

  10. Electrical conductivity of cobalt–titanium substituted SrCaM hexaferrites

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Eraky, M.R.

    2012-01-01

    A series of polycrystalline M-type hexagonal ferrites with the composition Sr 0.5 Ca 0.5 Co x Ti x Fe 12−2x O 19 (where x=0.0–0.8) were prepared by the conventional ceramic technique. The electrical conductivity has been measured from 300 to 590 K. The dc conductivity, σ dc , exhibited a semiconductor behavior. The negative sign of thermoelectric power coefficient S reveals that all samples are n-type semiconductors. Both σ dc and mobility, μ d , increases with the substitution of Co 2+ and Ti 4+ ions, reach maximum at x=0.4 and start decreasing at x>0.4. Many conduction mechanisms were discussed to explain the electric conduction in the system. It was found that the hopping conduction is the predominant conduction mechanism. For samples with compositional parameter x=0.0 and 0.8, the band conduction mechanism shares in electric conduction beside the hopping process. - Highlights: ► SrCaCoTiM hexaferrites have been prepared by conventional ceramic technique. ► The electrical conductivity exhibited a semiconductor behavior. There is an increase in conductivity up to x=0.4 for Co and Ti substitution. ► The hopping conduction is the predominant conduction mechanism.

  11. Mechanisms Responsible for the Large Piezoelectricity at the Tetragonal-Orthorhombic Phase Boundary of (1-x)BaZr0.2Ti0.8O3-xBa0.7Ca0.3TiO3 System.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yang, Tao; Ke, Xiaoqin; Wang, Yunzhi

    2016-09-16

    Recently it was found that in the lead-free (1-x)BaZr0.2Ti0.8O3-xBa0.7Ca0.3TiO3 (BZT-xBCT) system, the highest piezoelectric d33 coefficient appears at the tetragonal (T) - orthorhombic (O) phase boundary rather than the O - rhombohedral (R) phase boundary, but the physical origin of it is still unclear. In this work we construct the phase diagram of the BZT-xBCT system using a generic sixth-order Landau free energy polynomial and calculate the energy barrier (EB) for direct domain switching between two variants of the stable low-symmetry ferroelectric phase. We find that the EB at the T-O phase boundary is lower than that at the O-R phase boundary and EB may serve as a rigorous quantitative measure of the degree of polarization anisotropy through Landau potential. The calculations may shed some light on the physical origin of the highest piezoelectric coefficients as well as the softest elastic compliance at the T-O phase boundary observed in experiments.

  12. Alpha particle cluster states in (fp)-shell nuclei

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Merchant, A.C.

    1987-07-01

    Alpha particle cluster structure is known experimentally to persist throughout the mass range 16 ≤ A ≤ 20, and has been very successfully described in this region in terms of the Buck-Dover-Vary local potential cluster model. It is argued that an analogous cluster structure should be present in nuclei at the beginning of the (fp) - shell, and the available experimental data are examined to determine likely alpha particle cluster state candidates in the mass range 40 ≤ A ≤ 44. Calculations of the cluster state spectra and mean square cluster-core separation distances (which may be readily used to evaluate E2 electromagnetic transition rates) for sup(40)Ca, sup(42)Ca, sup(42)Sc, sup(43)Sc, sup(43)Ti and sup(44)Ti using the above mentioned model are presented, and compared with experimental measurements where possible. The agreement between theory and experiment is generally good (although inferior to that obtained in the (sd)-shell) and points to the desirability of an extension and improvement of the measurements of the properties of the excited states in these nuclei. (author)

  13. Local-moment formation and metal–nonmetal transition in Ca1 ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Abstract. Electron-doped metallic states of Ca1−x Yx VO3 and Ca1−x Yx TiO3 change into non- metallic states around x ∼ 0.4 and 0.6, respectively. The residual resistivity in the metallic states increases with increasing effective magnetic moment or coefficient of T2 term of resistivity. The effective moment reaches ∼ 0.5 ...

  14. Nanostructured composite TiO{sub 2}/carbon catalysts of high activity for dehydration of n-butanol

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Cyganiuk, Aleksandra [Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun (Poland); Klimkiewicz, Roman [Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research PAN, 50-422 Wroclaw (Poland); Bumajdad, Ali [Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, PO Box 5969 Safat, Kuwait 13060 (Kuwait); Ilnicka, Anna [Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun (Poland); Lukaszewicz, Jerzy P., E-mail: jerzy_lukaszewicz@o2.pl [Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun (Poland)

    2015-08-15

    Highlights: • New biotechnological method for fabrication of composite catalysts. • In situ synthesis of nanosized TiO{sub 2} clusters in the carbon matrix. • High dispersion of TiO{sub 2} in carbon matrix. • High catalytic activity achieved for very low active phase content. • Efficient dehydration of n-butanol to butane-1. - Abstract: A novel method of wood impregnation with titanium ions is presented. Titanium(IV) ions were complexed to peroxo/hydroxo complexes which were obtained by treating a TiCl{sub 4} water solution with H{sub 2}O{sub 2}. The solution of chelated titanium ions was used for the impregnation of living stems of Salix viminalis wood. Saturated stems were carbonized at 600–800 °C, yielding a microporous carbon matrix, in which nanoparticles of TiO{sub 2} were uniformly distributed. A series of composite TiO{sub 2}–carbon catalysts was manufactured and tested in the process of n-butanol conversion to butane-1. The composite catalysts exhibited very high selectivity (ca. 80%) and yield (ca. 30%) despite a low content of titanium (ca. 0.5% atomic). The research proved that the proposed functionalization led to high dispersion of the catalytic phase (TiO{sub 2}), which played a crucial role in the catalyst performance. High dispersion of TiO{sub 2} was achieved due to a natural transport of complexed titanium ions in living plant stems.

  15. Glass-ceramic nuclear waste forms obtained by crystallization of SiO 2-Al 2O 3-CaO-ZrO 2-TiO 2 glasses containing lanthanides (Ce, Nd, Eu, Gd, Yb) and actinides (Th): Study of the crystallization from the surface

    Science.gov (United States)

    Loiseau, P.; Caurant, D.

    2010-07-01

    Glass-ceramic materials containing zirconolite (nominally CaZrTi 2O 7) crystals in their bulk can be envisaged as potential waste forms for minor actinides (Np, Am, Cm) and Pu immobilization. In this study such matrices are synthesized by crystallization of SiO 2-Al 2O 3-CaO-ZrO 2-TiO 2 glasses containing lanthanides (Ce, Nd, Eu, Gd, Yb) and actinides (Th) as surrogates. A thin partially crystallized layer containing titanite and anorthite (nominally CaTiSiO 5 and CaAl 2Si 2O 8, respectively) growing from glass surface is also observed. The effect of the nature and concentration of surrogates on the structure, the microstructure and the composition of the crystals formed in the surface layer is presented in this paper. Titanite is the only crystalline phase able to significantly incorporate trivalent lanthanides whereas ThO 2 precipitates in the layer. The crystal growth thermal treatment duration (2-300 h) at high temperature (1050-1200 °C) is shown to strongly affect glass-ceramics microstructure. For the system studied in this paper, it appears that zirconolite is not thermodynamically stable in comparison with titanite growing form glass surface. Nevertheless, for kinetic reasons, such transformation (i.e. zirconolite disappearance to the benefit of titanite) is not expected to occur during interim storage and disposal of the glass-ceramic waste forms because their temperature will never exceed a few hundred degrees.

  16. CdS-sensitized TiO2 nanocorals: hydrothermal synthesis, characterization, application.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mali, S S; Desai, S K; Dalavi, D S; Betty, C A; Bhosale, P N; Patil, P S

    2011-10-01

    Cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticle-sensitized titanium oxide nanocorals (TNC) were synthesized using a two-step deposition process. The TiO(2) nanocorals were grown on the conducting glass substrates (FTO) using A hydrothermal process and CdS nanoparticles were loaded on TNC using successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method. The TiO(2), CdS and TiO(2)-CdS samples were characterized by optical absorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), FT-Raman, FT-IR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and contact angle. Further, their photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance was tested in NaOH, Na(2)S-NaOH-S and Na(2)S electrolytes, respectively. When CdS nanoparticles are coated on TNCs, the optical absorption is found to be enhanced and band edge is red-shifted towards visible region. The TiO(2)-CdS sample exhibits improved photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance with maximum short circuit current of (J(sc)) 1.04 mA cm(-2). After applying these TiO(2)-CdS electrodes in photovoltaic cells, the photocurrent was found to be enhanced by 2.7 and 32.5 times, as compared with those of bare CdS and TiO(2) nanocorals films electrodes respectively. Also, the power conversion efficiency of TiO(2)-CdS electrodes is 0.72%, which is enhanced by about 16 and 29 times for TiO(2), CdS samples. This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry and Owner Societies 2011

  17. Effects of nano-TiO2 on combustion and desulfurization

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhao, Yi; Wang, Shuqin; Shen, Yanmei; Lu, Xiaojuan

    2013-01-01

    Nanosized titanium oxide powder was prepared via the sol–gel process and characterized by transmission electron microscope. The effects of nano-TiO 2 on combustion characteristics of lignite, desulfurization in combustion and the properties of ashes were investigated. The calorific value of coals and the fusion point of the coal ashes were measured by calorimeter and ash fusion point determination meter; the components of coal ashes and the contents of combustible matters in ash were determined by chemical methods; the pore-size distribution and specific surface area of the coal ash were analyzed by surface area analyzer. A thermogravimetric analyzer was used to investigate the effect of nano-TiO 2 on combustion. The results showed that the calorific value of the coal and the fusion temperature of the coal ash were lowered by adding CaO, while on the other hand adding nano-TiO 2 to coal increased the calorific value and the melting temperature effectively. Meanwhile, the coal combustion efficiency and desulfurization in combustion could be effectively improved by the co-action of TiO 2 . - Highlights: • The burn-off rate of coals was raised and the combustible contents were reduced by adding nano-TiO 2 . • The desulfurization in combustion can be achieved by adding CaO, but the combustion efficiency was inhibited. • Nano-TiO 2 can promote the transfer rate of oxygen from gas phase to the surface of char

  18. Synthesis of TiO{sub 2} sol in a neutral solution using TiCl{sub 4} as a precursor and H{sub 2}O{sub 2} as an oxidizing agent

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sasirekha, Natarajan; Rajesh, Baskaran [Department of Chemical Engineering, National Central University, Chung-Li 320, Taiwan (China); Chen, Yu-Wen, E-mail: ywchen@cc.ncu.edu.t [Department of Chemical Engineering, National Central University, Chung-Li 320, Taiwan (China)

    2009-11-02

    Nanosize TiO{sub 2} thin film on glass substrate was obtained through dip-coating method using TiO{sub 2} sol. Suspended nanosize TiO{sub 2} sols with anatase structure in aqueous solution were synthesized by sol-gel method using TiCl{sub 4} as a precursor. TiCl{sub 4} was reacted with an aqueous solution of NH{sub 4}OH to form Ti(OH){sub 4}, and H{sub 2}O{sub 2} was then added to form peroxo titanic acid. It was further heated in water and converted to TiO{sub 2}. The effects of the preparation parameters, viz., pH value of the Ti(OH){sub 4} gel, concentration of H{sub 2}O{sub 2}, and heating temperature and time, on the properties of the TiO{sub 2} sol were investigated. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the primary TiO{sub 2} particles were rhombus with the major axis ca. 10 nm and minor axis ca. 4 nm, and were in anatase structure. The sol was excellent in dispersibility and was stable in neutral and even slight basic conditions for at least 2 years without causing agglomeration. The best preparation condition was optimized with the pH value of Ti(OH){sub 4} gel at 8, H{sub 2}O{sub 2}/TiO{sub 2} mole ratio of 2, and heating at 97 {sup o}C for 8 h. The transparent adherent TiO{sub 2} film on glass substrates exhibits strong hydrophilicity after illuminating with ultraviolet light and it can be used as an efficient photocatalyst.

  19. Biocorrosion of TiO2 nanoparticle coating of Ti-6Al-4V in DMEM under specific in vitro conditions

    Science.gov (United States)

    Höhn, Sarah; Virtanen, Sannakaisa

    2015-02-01

    A TiO2 nanoparticle coating was prepared on a biomedical Ti-6Al-4V alloy using "spin-coating" technique with a colloidal suspension of TiO2 nanopowders with the aim to optimize the surface morphology (e.g., roughness) for improved biocompatibility. The influence of a TiO2 nanoparticle (NP) coating on the corrosion behavior, metal ion release, and biomimetic apatite formation was studied in DMEM, at 37.5 °C with a continuous supply of 5% CO2. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements indicate a formation of a new layer on the surface of the NP-coated sample upon 28 days immersion in DMEM. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray spectroscopy confirm that the surface of the NP-coated Ti-6Al-4V shows a complete coverage by a Ca-phosphate layer in contrast to the non-coated Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Hence, the TiO2-NP coating strongly enhances biomimetic apatite formation on the alloy surface. In addition, the TiO2-NP coating can efficiently reduce Al-release from the alloy, for which the bare Ti-6Al-4V alloy is significant for at least 28 days of immersion in DMEM.

  20. Trace Element Partitioning Between low-Ca Pyroxene and Ultracalcic Liquids.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pertermann, M.; Schmidt, M. W.; Pettke, T.

    2003-12-01

    Low-Ca pyroxene or pigeonite ( ˜0.25-0.35 Ca per formula unit, pfu) is an important residual phase during high temperature melting of refractory mantle (e.g., ankaramite formation). High-Ca cpx (>0.6-0.7 Ca pfu) may be residual to relatively low temperature melting of fertile mantle (MOR and OI), but the opx-cpx solvus narrows considerably at higher temperatures (>1330-1350° C), leading to coexisting opx and low-Ca cpx. Little is known about the trace element partitioning of such low-Ca cpx at upper mantle conditions. Our new partitioning experiments investigate the role of low-Ca cpx during melting of depleted peridotite. Nominally anhydrous experiments with graphite-lined Pt-capsules were conducted at 1.4 GPa and 1360-1370° C. The synthetic starting material is close in composition to an ultracalcic liquid saturated in opx+pigeonite+olivine+spinel. The experiments yielded assemblages of glass, low-Ca cpx, ol, and minor Cr-spinel; opx is absent. The low-Ca clinopyroxenes have 0.20 and 0.32 Ca pfu at 1370 and 1360° C, respectively, and tetrahedral Al of 0.046 and 0.067 pfu. The liquids have ˜50 wt% SiO2, ˜12.5 wt% CaO and CaO/Al2O3 of 1.44-1.54. Pyroxenes and glasses were analyzed for trace elements (La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Er Yb, Lu, Sc, Y, Sr, Zr, Hf, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Zn) by LA-ICP-MS using a 193 nm ArF excimer laser coupled to an Elan 6100 mass spectrometer. Ablation occurred in He, and ablation spot sizes were 15-30 μ m for minerals and 50 μ m for glasses. Trace element concentrations in pyroxenes were low for most 3+ and 4+ cations. This resulted in small mineral/melt partition coefficients (D-values), approximately an order of magnitude lower than those for high-Ca cpx associated with peridotite melting, thus making the low-Ca cpx partitioning behavior rather similar to the behavior of peridotitic opx. Cpx with 0.32 Ca pfu has slightly elevated D-values for 3+ cations when compared to the 0.20 Ca pfu cpx: DSc = 0.45, DY = 0.11, DSm = 0.054 and DYb

  1. Wear characterization of nano-hydroxyapatite with addition of titanium (HA-Ti)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rosmamuhamadani, R.; Arawi, A. Z. O.; Talari, M. K.; Mahat, M. M.; Bonnia, N. N.; Sabrina; Yahaya, M.; Sulaiman, S.; Ismail, M. I. S.

    2018-04-01

    Hydroxyapatite (Ca10 (PO4)6(OH)2, HA), is an attractive material of an inorganic compound whose chemical composition and crystallographic structures are similar to the composition of the bone. A natural source such as egg shells is composed of 94 wt. % of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), which can be calcined as calcium oxide (CaO) by the calcinations process. The efficient temperature to produce CaO is 900 °C for 2 hours. The synthesis of nano-HA was done by the mixing the diammonium phosphate (DAP) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and subjected into a microwave for 30 minutes at 1100 W irradiation power. Ball milling process was used for 30 minutes to mix the nano-HA with different compositions of titanium. These were pressed to form pallets by hand hydraulic pump (force=2300 psi). The pallets then were sintered at 1200 °C with the heating rate of 3 °C/min for 2 hours. The pallets were tested by several mechanical testing including hardness, compression strength and wear. From the results, HA-25wt. %Ti composite gave the highest hardness, compression and coefficient of friction for wear test values which were 89.6 Hv, 82.5MPa and 0.76μ respectively. It showed that by adding Ti to nano-HA, the mechanical properties of nano-HA could be enhanced. The microstructure analyses by optical micrograph showed that nano-HA-Ti particles displayed shape likes needle morphology. The particles showed the high tendency to form the agglomerations.

  2. Detector de IR de lámina ferroeléctrica de (Pb,CaTiO3

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    González, A.

    2002-02-01

    Full Text Available A sol-gel (Pb0.76Ca0.24TiO3 solution was deposited onto Pt/MgO(100 substrates. Previous thermal treatment of the substrate and the high rate of crystallization heating promote an important preferred orientation along the polar axis, and therefore selfpolarization , very convenient for the use of IR pyroelectric detectors. By depositing circular electrodes, 7.10-3 cm2 of area, an array of small capacitors are developed which are characterized as detectors in standard conditions: radiation from a black-body at 500 K, modulated between 1-20 Hz, a lock-in amplifier and an electronic circuit to sense and treat the electrical response. Three main factors affecting the detector performances are analyzed: a Figures of merit of the pyroelectric material; b assembly of the whole parts of detector (substrate, electrodes, leads, frame, etc and c electronic circuitry to sense and amplify signals. Thermal isolation is concluding as the most important fact to improve responsivity.Se han obtenido depósitos multicapa de titanato de plomo modificado con calcio, (Pb0.76Ca0.24TiO3, mediante un método de sol-gel, sobre substratos de Pt/MgO(100. El tratamiento térmico del substrato y la cristalización de las multicapas mediante tasas de calentamiento rápidas causan el desarrollo de una importante orientación preferente según el eje polar, perpendicular al mismo, lo que supone una autopolarización muy rentable para su empleo en detectores piroeléctricos de radiación infrarroja. Mediante una configuración de electrodos discretos se fabrican minicondensadores de 7.10-3 cm2 de área con los que se caracteriza ópticamente el detector para condiciones estándar: cuerpo negro a 500 K, modulación mecánica de la radiación entre 1-20 Hz, una electrónica de acondicionamiento de la señal de respuesta y un amplificador sintonizado para medir la respuesta en voltaje. Se analiza el efecto de los tres factores que intervienen en la fabricación del detector: a

  3. Electrical and piezoelectric properties of BiFeO3 thin films grown on SrxCa1−xRuO3-buffered SrTiO3 substrates

    KAUST Repository

    Yao, Yingbang

    2012-06-01

    (001)-oriented BiFeO 3 (BFO) thin films were grown on Sr xCa 1-xRuO 3- (SCRO; x = 1, 0.67, 0.33, 0) buffered SrTiO 3 (001) substrates using pulsed laser deposition. The microstructural, electrical, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties of the thin films were considerably affected by the buffer layers. The interface between the BFO films and the SCRO-buffer layer was found to play a dominant role in determining the electrical and piezoelectric behaviors of the films. We found that films grown on SrRuO 3-buffer layers exhibited minimal electrical leakage while films grown on Sr 0.33Ca 0.67RuO 3-buffer layers had the largest piezoelectric response. The origin of this difference is discussed. © 2012 American Institute of Physics.

  4. In situ transmission electron microscopy studies of microstructure evolution in Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-x(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 piezoceramic

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zakhozheva, Marina

    2016-01-01

    The purpose of this work is to understand the microstructural features which contribute to the strong electromechanical properties of the lead-free Ba (Zr 0.2 Ti 0.8 )O 3 -x(Ba 0.7 Ca 0.3 )TiO 3 (BZT-xBCT) piezoelectric ceramic. Detailed conventional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies on a broad variety of BZT - xBCT were performed in order to demonstrate the composition dependent structural changes. Moreover, several in situ TEM techniques, including in situ hot- and cold-stage, in situ electric field and in situ electric field with simultaneous cooling, were successfully applied in order to monitor the domain morphology evolution in real time. By means of in situ temperature dependent TEM experiments it was shown that during rhombohedral → orthorhombic → tetragonal phase transition the domain morphology changed according to the crystal structure present. During in situ electric field investigations the displacement of the domain walls and changes in the domain configuration during electrical poling were observed, which indicates a high extrinsic contribution to the piezoelectric response in all BZT - xBCT compositions studied. From the results of in situ electric field TEM experiments with simultaneous cooling, we obtained experimental evidence that the further the composition deviates from the polymorphic phase boundary, the higher the electric field required to fully pole the material.

  5. Elastic and inelastic {alpha}-scattering cross-sections obtained with the 44 MeV fixed energy Saclay cyclotron on separated targets of {sup 24}Mg, {sup 25}Mg, {sup 26}Mg, {sup 40}Ca, {sup 46}Ti, {sup 48}Ti, {sup 50}Ti, {sup 52}Cr, {sup 54}Fe, {sup 56}Fe, {sup 58}Fe, {sup 58}Ni, {sup 60}Ni, {sup 62}Ni, {sup 64}Ni, {sup 63}Cu, {sup 65}Cu, {sup 64}Zn, {sup 112}Sn, {sup 114}Sn, {sup 116}Sn, {sup 118}Sn, {sup 120}Sn, {sup 122}Sn, {sup 124}Sn and {sup 208}Pb using the Saclay fixed-energy cyclotron; Sections efficaces differentielles elastiques et inelastiques obtenues par diffusion de particules {alpha} de 44 MeV sur des cibles de {sup 24}Mg, {sup 25}Mg, {sup 26}Mg, {sup 40}Ca, {sup 46}Ti, {sup 48}Ti, {sup 50}Ti, {sup 52}Cr, {sup 54}Fe, {sup 56}Fe, {sup 58}Fe, {sup 58}Ni, {sup 60}Ni, {sup 62}Ni, {sup 64}Ni, {sup 63}Cu, {sup 65}Cu, {sup 64}Zn, {sup 112}Sn, {sup 114}Sn, {sup 116}Sn, {sup 118}Sn, {sup 120}Sn, {sup 122}Sn, {sup 124}Sn et {sup 208}Pb au cyclotron a energie fixe de saclay

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bruge, G [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires. Departement de physique nucleaire, service de physique nucleaire a moyenne energie

    1967-01-01

    This report contains elastic and inelastic {alpha}-scattering cross-sections obtained with the 44 MeV fixed energy Saclay cyclotron on Mg, Ca, Ti, Cr, Fe, Ni, Co, Zn, Sn and Pb enriched targets. (author) [French] Ce rapport contient les tableaux des sections efficaces differentielles obtenues par diffusion elastique et inelastique des particules {alpha} de 44 MeV, fournies par le cyclotron a energie fixe de Saclay, sur des cibles d'isotopes separes de Mg, Ca, Ti, Cr, Fe, Ni, Co, Zn, Sn et Pb. (auteur)

  6. Catalytic oxidation of methanol on Pt/X (X = CaTP, NaTP electrodes in sulfuric acid solution

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Said Benmokhtar

    2013-10-01

    Full Text Available In this paper, we report the synthesis and characterization of electrodes based on NASICON type phosphates. The study of the electrochemical oxidation of methanol at ambient temperature on electrodes based on NASICON type Ca0,5Ti2(PO43 (CaTP and Na5Ti(PO43 (NaTP compared to that of the platinum electrode model has been conducted by cyclic voltammetry in acidic medium. The results showed a significant increase of current density on the electro oxidation of methanol on the material developed based NASICON structure CaTP, cons deactivation of the electro oxidation is observed the closed structure type NaTP.

  7. Saccharomyces cerevisiae Differential Functionalization of Presumed ScALT1 and ScALT2 Alanine Transaminases Has Been Driven by Diversification of Pyridoxal Phosphate Interactions

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Erendira Rojas-Ortega

    2018-05-01

    Full Text Available Saccharomyces cerevisiae arose from an interspecies hybridization (allopolyploidiza-tion, followed by Whole Genome Duplication. Diversification analysis of ScAlt1/ScAlt2 indicated that while ScAlt1 is an alanine transaminase, ScAlt2 lost this activity, constituting an example in which one of the members of the gene pair lacks the apparent ancestral physiological role. This paper analyzes structural organization and pyridoxal phosphate (PLP binding properties of ScAlt1 and ScAlt2 indicating functional diversification could have determined loss of ScAlt2 alanine transaminase activity and thus its role in alanine metabolism. It was found that ScAlt1 and ScAlt2 are dimeric enzymes harboring 67% identity and intact conservation of the catalytic residues, with very similar structures. However, tertiary structure analysis indicated that ScAlt2 has a more open conformation than that of ScAlt1 so that under physiological conditions, while PLP interaction with ScAlt1 allows the formation of two tautomeric PLP isomers (enolimine and ketoenamine ScAlt2 preferentially forms the ketoenamine PLP tautomer, indicating a modified polarity of the active sites which affect the interaction of PLP with these proteins, that could result in lack of alanine transaminase activity in ScAlt2. The fact that ScAlt2 forms a catalytically active Schiff base with PLP and its position in an independent clade in “sensu strictu” yeasts suggests this protein has a yet undiscovered physiological function.

  8. Saccharomyces cerevisiae Differential Functionalization of Presumed ScALT1 and ScALT2 Alanine Transaminases Has Been Driven by Diversification of Pyridoxal Phosphate Interactions

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rojas-Ortega, Erendira; Aguirre-López, Beatriz; Reyes-Vivas, Horacio; González-Andrade, Martín; Campero-Basaldúa, Jose C.; Pardo, Juan P.; González, Alicia

    2018-01-01

    Saccharomyces cerevisiae arose from an interspecies hybridization (allopolyploidiza-tion), followed by Whole Genome Duplication. Diversification analysis of ScAlt1/ScAlt2 indicated that while ScAlt1 is an alanine transaminase, ScAlt2 lost this activity, constituting an example in which one of the members of the gene pair lacks the apparent ancestral physiological role. This paper analyzes structural organization and pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) binding properties of ScAlt1 and ScAlt2 indicating functional diversification could have determined loss of ScAlt2 alanine transaminase activity and thus its role in alanine metabolism. It was found that ScAlt1 and ScAlt2 are dimeric enzymes harboring 67% identity and intact conservation of the catalytic residues, with very similar structures. However, tertiary structure analysis indicated that ScAlt2 has a more open conformation than that of ScAlt1 so that under physiological conditions, while PLP interaction with ScAlt1 allows the formation of two tautomeric PLP isomers (enolimine and ketoenamine) ScAlt2 preferentially forms the ketoenamine PLP tautomer, indicating a modified polarity of the active sites which affect the interaction of PLP with these proteins, that could result in lack of alanine transaminase activity in ScAlt2. The fact that ScAlt2 forms a catalytically active Schiff base with PLP and its position in an independent clade in “sensu strictu” yeasts suggests this protein has a yet undiscovered physiological function. PMID:29867852

  9. HRTEM analysis on nanocrystalline BaTiO3 and PbTiO3: size effects on ferroelectric phase transition temperature

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bursill, L.A.; Jiang, B.; Peng, J.L.; Zhong, W.L.; Zhang, P.L.

    1997-01-01

    High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopic studies of nanocrystaline particles of BaTiO 3 and PbTiO 3 are reported. There are characteristic differences observed for BaTiO 3 prepared using sol gel (SG) and steric acid gel (SAG) methods. The former exhibit a critical size below which there is no paraelectric/ferroelectric phase transition, whereas BaTiO 3 prepared via the SAG route remained cubic for all conditions. The SAG preparations always showed chemical intergrowth defects whereas the SG preparations were single phase. Atomic resolution images of both varieties showed interesting surface steps and surface relaxations/reconstructions of some facets. Nanocrystalline PbTiO 3 prepared by the SG route remains tetragonal, albeit with decreasing c/a ratio, down to 25nm diameter. HRTEM observations of nanocrystalline PbTiO 3 are also presented. X-ray diffraction, dielectric and Raman scattering measurements also demonstrate pronounced size effects. The relationship between the observed nanostructures and size effects on the physical properties is discussed. 6 refs., 1 tab., 6 figs

  10. Decay properties of exotic N ≅ 28 S and Cl nuclei and the 48Ca/46Ca abundance ratio

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sorlin, O.; Guillemaud-Mueller, D.; Mueller, A.C.; Borrel, V.; Dogny, S.; Pougheon, F.; Anne, R.; Lewitowicz, M.; Saint-Laurent, M.G.; Borcea, C.; Fifield, L.K.; Bazin, D.; Thielemann, F.K.; Hillebrandt, W.

    1992-01-01

    Beta-decay half-lives and β-delayed neutron-emission probabilities of the very neutron-rich nuclei 44 S and 45-47 Cl have been measured. These isotopes, which lie at or close to the N=28 magic shell were produced in interactions of a 60 MeV/u 48 Ca beam from GANIL (Grand Accelerateur National d'Ions Lourds) with a 64 Ni target and were separated by the doubly achromatic spectrometer LISE (Ligne d'Ions Super Epluches). Their decay was studied by a β-n time correlation measurement. The results are compared to recent model predictions and indicate a rapid weakening of the N=28 shell effect below 48 20 Ca 28 . The nuclear structure effects reflected in the decay properties of the exotic S and Cl isotopes may be the clue for the astrophysical understanding of the unusual 48 Ca/ 46 Ca abundance ratio measured in the solar system as well as the Ca-Ti-Cr anomalies observed in EK-inclusions of the Allende meteorite

  11. The ternary systems Sc-Sm(Dy)-Si at 870 K

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kotur, B.Ya.; Mokra, I.Ya.; Toporinskij, A.Ya.

    1991-01-01

    Isothermal cross sections of the ternary systems Sc-Sm-Si and Sc-Dy-Si at 870 K have been plotted. Investigation of scandium and disprosium in ternary systems have been examined by X-ray diffraction and microstructure analysis. Besides literary data on binary systems Sc-Si, Sm-Si, Dy-Si have been used. Formation of limited (Sc-Sm-Si, Sc-Dy-Si) and continuous (Sc-Dy-Si) solid solutions based on bisilicides of Sc and Sm(Dy) is discovered. Two and five ternary compounds in Sc-Sm-Si and Sc-Dy-Si systems have been determined and their crystal structure has been established. When investigating of Sc-(rare earth element)-Si ternary systems and should take into account the specific interaction of scandium and samarium with REE

  12. N-Doped TiO2-Coated Ceramic Membrane for Carbamazepine Degradation in Different Water Qualities

    Science.gov (United States)

    Luster, Enbal; Avisar, Dror; Horovitz, Inna; Lozzi, Luca; Baker, Mark A.; Grilli, Rossana; Mamane, Hadas

    2017-01-01

    The photocatalytic degradation of the model pollutant carbamazepine (CBZ) was investigated under simulated solar irradiation with an N-doped TiO2-coated Al2O3 photocatalytic membrane, using different water types. The photocatalytic membrane combines photocatalysis and membrane filtration in a single step. The impact of each individual constituent such as acidity, alkalinity, dissolved organic matter (DOM), divalent cations (Mg2+ and Ca2+), and Cl− on the degradation of CBZ was examined. CBZ in water was efficiently degraded by an N-doped TiO2-coated Al2O3 membrane. However, elements added to the water, which simulate the constituents of natural water, had an impact on the CBZ degradation. Water alkalinity inhibited CBZ degradation mostly due to increase in pH while radical scavenging by carbonate was more dominant at higher values (>200 mg/L as CaCO3). A negative effect of Ca2+ addition on photocatalytic degradation was found only in combination with phosphate buffer, probably caused by deposition of CaHPO4 or CaHPO4·2H2O on the catalyst surface. The presence of Cl− and Mg2+ ions had no effect on CBZ degradation. DOM significantly inhibited CBZ degradation for all tested background organic compounds. The photocatalytic activity of N-doped TiO2-coated Al2O3 membranes gradually decreased after continuous use; however, it was successfully regenerated by 0.1% HCl chemical cleaning. Nevertheless, dissolution of metals like Al and Ti should be monitored following acid cleaning. PMID:28758982

  13. Bony integration of titanium implants with a novel bioactive calcium titanate (Ca4Ti3O10) surface treatment in a rabbit model.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Haenle, Maximilian; Lindner, Tobias; Ellenrieder, Martin; Willfahrt, Manfred; Schell, Hanna; Mittelmeier, Wolfram; Bader, Rainer

    2012-10-01

    Nowadays total joint replacement is an indispensable component of modern medicine. The surfaces characteristics of cementless prostheses may be altered to achieve an accelerated and enduring bony integration. Classic surface coatings bear the risk of loosening or flaking from the implant body. This risk is excluded by the chemical conversion of the naturally existing TiO(2) surface layer into calcium titanate. The aim of this experimental animal study was to investigate the bony integration of implants with a new calcium titanate surface (Ca(4)Ti(3)O(10)) compared with a conventional standard Ti6Al4V surface. Cylindrical implants, made of titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) were implanted in both lateral femoral condyles of New Zealand white rabbits. In each animal, an implant with and without surface treatment was inserted in a blinded manner. Animals were sacrificed after 4, 12, and 36 weeks, respectively. The axial pull-off forces were determined for 25 animals using a universal testing machine (Zwick Z010, Ulm, Germany). Furthermore, a histological analysis of the bony integration of the implants was performed in 12 specimens. In general, the pull-off forces for untreated and treated implants increased with longer survival times of the rabbits. No significant difference could be shown after 4 weeks between treated and untreated implants. After 12 weeks, the treated implants revealed a statistical significant higher pull-off force. After 36 weeks, the pull-off forces for treated and untreated implants aligned again. Titanium implants treated with calcium titanate, may offer an interesting and promising implant surface modification for endoprosthetic implants. They might lead to an accelerated osseointegration of total hip and knee replacements. Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  14. Calcium phosphate coatings modified with zinc- or copper- incorporation on Ti-40Nb alloy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Komarova, E. G.; Sedelnikova, M. B.; Sharkeev, Yu P.; Kazakbaeva, A. A.; Glukhov, I. A.; Khimich, M. A.

    2017-05-01

    The influence of the microarc oxidation parameters and electrolyte composition on the structure, properties and composition of CaP coatings modified with Zn- or Cu- incorporation on the Ti-40mas.%Nb (Ti-40Nb) alloy was investigated. The linear growth of thickness, roughness, and size of structural elements with process voltage increasing has been revealed. It was shown that the CaP coatings have the low contact angles with liquids and, consequently, high free surface energy. This indicates a high hydrophilicity of the coatings. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the coatings have X-ray amorphous structure. The increase of the process voltage leads to the formation of such crystalline phases as CaHPO4 and β-Ca2P2O7 in the coatings. The maximum Ca/P atomic ratio was equal to 0.4, and Zn or Cu contents was equal to 0.3 or 0.2 at.%, respectively.

  15. Research Update: Polyimide/CaCu3Ti4O12 nanofiber functional hybrid films with improved dielectric properties

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yang Yang

    2013-11-01

    Full Text Available This work reports the excellent dielectric properties of polyimide (PI embedded with CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO nanofibers. The dielectric behaviors were investigated over a frequency of 100 Hz–1 MHz. It is shown that embedding CCTO nanofibers with high aspect ratio (67 is an effective means to enhance the dielectric permittivity and reduce the percolation threshold. The dielectric permittivity of PI/CCTO nanofiber composites is 85 with 1.5 vol.% loading of filler, also the dielectric loss is only 0.015 at 100 Hz. Monte Carlo simulation was used to investigate the percolation threshold of CCTO nanofibers reinforced polyimide matrix by using excluded volume theory and soft, hard-core models. The results are in good agreement with the percolation theory and the hard-core model can well explain the percolation phenomena in PI/CCTO nanofiber composites. The dielectric properties of the composites will meet the practical requirements for the application in high dielectric constant capacitors and high energy density materials.

  16. Chemical data and statistical interpretations for rocks and ores from the Ranger uranium mine, Northern Territory, Australia

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nash, J. Thomas; Frishman, David

    1983-01-01

    Analytical results for 61 elements in 370 samples from the Ranger Mine area are reported. Most of the rocks come from drill core in the Ranger No. 1 and Ranger No. 3 deposits, but 20 samples are from unmineralized drill core more than 1 km from ore. Statistical tests show that the elements Mg, Fe, F, Be, Co, Li, Ni, Pb, Sc, Th, Ti, V, CI, As, Br, Au, Ce, Dy, La Sc, Eu, Tb, Yb, and Tb have positive association with uranium, and Si, Ca, Na, K, Sr, Ba, Ce, and Cs have negative association. For most lithologic subsets Mg, Fe, Li, Cr, Ni, Pb, V, Y, Sm, Sc, Eu, and Yb are significantly enriched in ore-bearing rocks, whereas Ca, Na, K, Sr, Ba, Mn, Ce, and Cs are significantly depleted. These results are consistent with petrographic observations on altered rocks. Lithogeochemistry can aid exploration, but for these rocks requires methods that are expensive and not amenable to routine use.

  17. Cubic-tetragonal phase transition in Ca sub 0 sub . sub 0 sub 4 Sr sub 0 sub . sub 9 sub 6 TiO sub 3 a combined specific heat and neutron diffraction study

    CERN Document Server

    Gallardo, M C; Romero, F J; Cerro, J D; Seifert, F; Redfern, S A T

    2003-01-01

    The specific heat corresponding to the tetragonal-to-cubic transition in Ca sub 0 sub . sub 0 sub 4 Sr sub 0 sub . sub 9 sub 6 TiO sub 3 perovskite has been measured by conduction calorimetry. The order parameter of the transition has been obtained by means of neutron diffraction at low temperatures. Comparison of calorimetric data with the evolution of the order parameter indicates that this transition seems to follow a mean field Landau potential as in SrTiO sub 3. The linear behaviour of the excess of entropy versus temperature suggests that a 2-4 Landau potential is sufficient to describe the transition.

  18. Hydride vapor phase epitaxy growth of GaN, InGaN, ScN, and ScAIN

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Bohnen, T.

    2010-01-01

    Chemical vapor deposition (CVD); hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE); gallium nitride (GaN); indium gallium nitride (InGaN); scandium nitride (ScN); scandium aluminum nitride (ScAlN); semiconductors; thin films; nanowires; III nitrides; crystal growth - We studied the HVPE growth of different III

  19. Synthesis, structure and total conductivity of A-site doped LaTiO{sub 3−δ} perovskites

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bradha, M. [Nanotech Research Facility, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Coimbatore 641 004, TN (India); Hussain, S.; Chakravarty, Sujay [UGC-DAE CSR, Kalpakkam Node, Kokilamedu 603 104, TN (India); Amarendra, G. [UGC-DAE CSR, Kalpakkam Node, Kokilamedu 603 104, TN (India); Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603 102, TN (India); Ashok, Anuradha, E-mail: anu.machina@gmail.com [Nanotech Research Facility, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Coimbatore 641 004, TN (India)

    2015-03-25

    Highlights: • A-site divalent alkaline earth metal doped LaTiO{sub 3−δ} perovskites were synthesised by sol–gel method. • Structural studies revealed no change in crystal symmetry but change in cell dimensions after doping. • After doping divalent cations in A-site, an enhancement in total conductivity was observed in LaTiO{sub 3−δ}. • Temperature dependent electrical property was observed in all synthesised perovskites. - Abstract: Oxygen deficient perovskites LaTiO{sub 3−δ} and La{sub 0.8}A{sub 0.2}TiO{sub 3−δ} (A = Ba, Sr, Ca) were synthesized by sol–gel method. The effect of divalent dopants on microstructure is investigated in detail using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The oxidation states of La{sup 3+} and Ti{sup 3+} ions have been deduced using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Impedance spectroscopy was used to analyze the total conductivity, an increase in conductivity was observed after doping in the A-site with divalent cations Ba, Ca and Sr. Among the investigated perovskites La{sub 0.8}Ca{sub 0.2}TiO{sub 3−δ} exhibited the maximum conductivity of 1.22 × 10{sup −2} S/cm in air atmosphere at 650 °C.

  20. Nanostructured hydroxyapatite/TiO2 composite coating applied to commercially pure titanium by a co-sputtering technique

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lee, Baek-Hee; Koshizaki, Naoto

    2008-01-01

    We demonstrate an approach for the coating of nanostructured hydroxyapatite(HAP)/TiO 2 composite on commercially pure Ti (CP-Ti) by a co-sputtering process. HAP/TiO 2 composite film was obtained by controlling the processing pressure. It was observed that decomposition of HAP into CaO was easily induced during sputtering at 0.53 Pa, a typical sputtering condition for film deposition. However, HAP/TiO 2 composite film was obtained with the sputtering pressure of 2.67 Pa. The Ca/P ratio was nearly maintained at 1.66 by sputter deposition at 2.67 Pa. We further confirmed by analysis of plasma spectral emission that the variation of the hydroxyl (OH) radical present was due to the Ar pressure during sputtering. It has been shown that HAP coatings are dependent on the processing pressure, which the hydroxyl radical requires in order to create HAP