12 CFR 563b.115 - How will OTS review my business plan?

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false How will OTS review my business plan? 563b.115... business plan? (a) OTS will review your business plan to determine that it demonstrates a safe and sound... will be determinative. OTS will review every case on its merits. (b) You must file your business plan...

Component Based System Framework for Dynamic B2B Interaction

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Hu jinmin, Jinmin; Grefen, P.W.P.J.

Business-to-Business (B2B) collaboration is becoming a pivotal way to bring today's enterprises to success in the dynamically changing e-business environment. Though many business-to-business protocols are developed to support B2B interaction, none are generally accepted. A B2B system should support

Customers' Beliefs Behind Business-to-Consumer Electronic Commerce

OpenAIRE

Nena Lim

2001-01-01

With the rising importance of electronic commerce, it is important for researchers and company executives to understand customers' beliefs behind online shopping behaviour. This proposed study extends the technology acceptance model (TAM) to test the influence of experience, self-efficacy, perceived risk, and social influence on customers' acceptance of the business-to consumer (b2c) e-commerce.

12 CFR 563b.110 - Who must review my business plan?

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Who must review my business plan? 563b.110... business plan? (a) Your chief executive officer and members of the board of directors must review, and at least two-thirds of your board of directors must approve, the business plan. (b) Your chief executive...

A Business-to-Business Interoperability Testbed: An Overview

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kulvatunyou, Boonserm [ORNL; Ivezic, Nenad [ORNL; Monica, Martin [Sun Microsystems, Inc.; Jones, Albert [National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

2003-10-01

In this paper, we describe a business-to-business (B2B) testbed co-sponsored by the Open Applications Group, Inc. (OAGI) and the National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST) to advance enterprise e-commerce standards. We describe the business and technical objectives and initial activities within the B2B Testbed. We summarize our initial lessons learned to form the requirements that drive the next generation testbed development. We also give an overview of a promising testing framework architecture in which to drive the testbed developments. We outline the future plans for the testbed development.

Customers' Beliefs Behind Business-to-Consumer Electronic Commerce

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nena Lim

2001-11-01

Full Text Available With the rising importance of electronic commerce, it is important for researchers and company executives to understand customers' beliefs behind online shopping behaviour. This proposed study extends the technology acceptance model (TAM to test the influence of experience, self-efficacy, perceived risk, and social influence on customers' acceptance of the business-to consumer (b2c e-commerce.

Hotelzon's B2B content marketing plan

OpenAIRE

Nguyen, Trang

2015-01-01

This thesis follows a research-based structure. The objective of this research was to help the case company Hotelzon develop a practical business-to-business (B2B) content marketing plan to engage new customers. The research topic came up when the case company named Hotelzon started expanding its business to many other countries. Therefore, attracting new prospects has become a critical issue to B2B corporates in this online world and constantly changing business environment. The first pa...

Contextualized B2B Registries

OpenAIRE

Radetzki, U; Boniface, M.J.; Surridge, M.

2007-01-01

Abstract. Service discovery is a fundamental concept underpinning the move towards dynamic service-oriented business partnerships. The business process for integrating service discovery and underlying registry technologies into busi-ness relationships, procurement and project management functions has not been examined and hence existing Web Service registries lack capabilities required by business today. In this paper we present a novel contextualized B2B registry that supports dynamic regist...

The impact of e-marketing orientation on performance in Asian SMEs: a B2B perspective

Science.gov (United States)

Chong, Woon Kian; Man, Ka Lok; Kim, Mucheol

2018-01-01

Business-to-business (B2B) organisations are increasingly utilising electronic devices in their business operations in order to succeed in increasingly competitive markets. This trend is prevalent in the growing Asian markets, especially in the small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) sector. While prior research has focused on this issue in the context of large business-to-customer (B2C) organisations in Asia, there have hardly been any studies that have shed light on the B2B sector in the SME setting. This study aims to critically explore B2B e-marketing critical success factors (B2B-eM-CSFs) for SMEs operating in the Asian B2B marketplace. A key finding is the development of a theoretical framework for SMEs, emerging from the analysis of 406 companies from various industrial sectors. The study shows that interaction with the B2B-eM-CSFs is an important dimension and has a positive and significant impact on e-business efficiency and marketing improvements for Asian SMEs.

To be or not B2B?

CERN Document Server

Symons, L J

2001-01-01

La question du commerce électronique interentreprises par le web (Business to Business, B2B) est posée actuellement par les grands groupes industriels impliqués dans le commerce mondial. Les prévisions sont imposantes, le B2B atteindra le C.A. de 3000 milliards de dollars en 2003. Les conditions d'accès, la façon de procéder des deux organisateurs (ARIBA et COMMERCE ONE) des plus grandes places de marchés actuelles, sont décrites. La base de l'énorme pyramide est le catalogue électronique multilingue UNSPSC (United Nations Standard Products and Services Classification) et l'organisation ECCMA (Electronic Commerce Code Management Association) qui gère le développement des UNSPSC codes en 8 langues. Dans ce contexte, l'auteur (re)-déclare qu'un des efforts principaux à fournir par le CERN est la création de son propre catalogue électronique. Dans la Division ST, une aide partielle à ce vaste programme pourrait être apportée par la normalisation des codes et désignations des pièces de maint...

Back to basics with e-business

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Thomas, V.

2001-01-01

This article gives examples of the opportunities for traditional power companies offered by e-business in the areas of procurement, collaboration, supply chain management, cataloguing, and auctions. BP's interest in e-business-to-customer (B2C) and e-business-to-business (B2B), the anticipated increase in buying and selling over the web, and increased efficiency for businesses using e-business are discussed. The dramatic increase predicted for the US in online energy trading in a report published by Forrester Research of Cambridge Massachusetts, the development of a collaborative arrangement between 13 leading energy trading firms, and the struggle to gain on-line momentum are considered, along with the PA Consulting Group's criticism of the energy sector for not exploiting fully the potential of e-business and for concentrating on B2C where the gains lie in B2B and business-to-workforce areas

Back to basics with e-business

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Thomas, V.

2001-07-01

This article gives examples of the opportunities for traditional power companies offered by e-business in the areas of procurement, collaboration, supply chain management, cataloguing, and auctions. BP's interest in e-business-to-customer (B2C) and e-business-to-business (B2B), the anticipated increase in buying and selling over the web, and increased efficiency for businesses using e-business are discussed. The dramatic increase predicted for the US in online energy trading in a report published by Forrester Research of Cambridge Massachusetts, the development of a collaborative arrangement between 13 leading energy trading firms, and the struggle to gain on-line momentum are considered, along with the PA Consulting Group's criticism of the energy sector for not exploiting fully the potential of e-business and for concentrating on B2C where the gains lie in B2B and business-to-workforce areas.

Integrating RFID Technology and EPC Network into a B2B Retail Supply Chain: A Step Toward Intelligent Business Processes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Samuel Fosso Wamba

2007-06-01

Full Text Available This article introduces RFID technology and the EPC Network and investigates their potential for B-to-B eCommerce supply chain management. Based on empirical data gathered from four tightly interrelated firms from three layers of a supply chain, several scenarios integrating RFID and the EPC Network have been tested and evaluated. In the context of warehousing activities in one specific retail supply chain, the results indicate that i the business process approach seems quite appropriate to capture the real potential of RFID and the EPC Network; ii RFID technology and the EPC Network can improve the “shipping” and the “receiving” processes; iii they can automatically trigger some business processes; iv they foster a higher level of information sharing between supply chain members; and v they promote the emergence of new business processes such as “process-to-process,” “process-to-machine,” and “machine-to-machine.” The paper helps to improve our understanding of the real potential of RFID and the EPC Network for business processes.

Intelligent Information Integration in B2B Electronic Commerce

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Fensel, Dieter; Omelayenko, Borys; Ding, Ying; Klein, Michel; Flett, Alan; Schulten, Ellen; Botquin, Guy; Brown, Mike; Dabiri, Gloria

2002-01-01

Internet and web technology penetrates many aspects of our daily life. Its importance as a medium for business transactions will grow exponentially during the next few years. In terms of the involved market volume, the B2B area will hereby be the most interesting area. Also, it will be the place,

Using the Internet for B2B Activities: A Review and Future Directions for Research.

Science.gov (United States)

Gattiker, Urs E.; Perlusz, Stefano; Bohmann, Kristoffer

2000-01-01

Illustrates some of the challenges that electronic commerce practitioners and researchers face, focusing on business to business (B2B) transactions. Highlights include a conceptual framework of Web user behavior; purchasing context; socio-demographic characteristics; cultural factors; economic factors; attitudes toward information technology;…

Assessment of a Business-to-Consumer (B2C) model for Telemonitoring patients with Chronic Heart Failure (CHF).

Science.gov (United States)

Grustam, Andrija S; Vrijhoef, Hubertus J M; Koymans, Ron; Hukal, Philipp; Severens, Johan L

2017-10-11

The purpose of this study is to assess the Business-to-Consumer (B2C) model for telemonitoring patients with Chronic Heart Failure (CHF) by analysing the value it creates, both for organizations or ventures that provide telemonitoring services based on it, and for society. The business model assessment was based on the following categories: caveats, venture type, six-factor alignment, strategic market assessment, financial viability, valuation analysis, sustainability, societal impact, and technology assessment. The venture valuation was performed for three jurisdictions (countries) - Singapore, the Netherlands and the United States - in order to show the opportunities in a small, medium-sized, and large country (i.e. population). The business model assessment revealed that B2C telemonitoring is viable and profitable in the Innovating in Healthcare Framework. Analysis of the ecosystem revealed an average-to-excellent fit with the six factors. The structure and financing fit was average, public policy and technology alignment was good, while consumer alignment and accountability fit was deemed excellent. The financial prognosis revealed that the venture is viable and profitable in Singapore and the Netherlands but not in the United States due to relatively high salary inputs. The B2C model in telemonitoring CHF potentially creates value for patients, shareholders of the service provider, and society. However, the validity of the results could be improved, for instance by using a peer-reviewed framework, a systematic literature search, case-based cost/efficiency inputs, and varied scenario inputs.

B2B Integration in Global Supply Chains

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Schubert, Petra; Legner, Christine

2011-01-01

The competitiveness of businesses is increasingly dependent on their electronic networks with customers, suppliers, and partners. While the strategic and operational impact of external integration and IOS adoption has been extensively studied, much less attention has been paid to the organizational...... and technical design of electronic relationships. The objective of our longitudinal research project is the development of a framework for understanding and explaining B2B integration. Drawing on existing literature and empirical cases we present a reference model (a classification scheme for B2B Integration...

A Case Study on a Security Maturity Assessment of a Business-to-Business Electronic Commerce Organization

OpenAIRE

Shirley A. Becker; Anthony Berkemeyer

2004-01-01

GlobalUBid.com is a B2B (business-to-business) e-commerce company offering excess and obsolete inventory to online customers. GlobalUBid is rapidly expanding into the global online marketplace; but recently, its Web site crashed due to a denial-of-service (DOS) attack. A lack of security awareness at an organizational level has left GlobalUBid’s online system vulnerable to internal and external attacks. Though informal security policies are in place, many employees are not aware of them nor...

B2B SME Management of Antecedents to the Application of Social Media

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Brink, Tove

2017-01-01

This paper elucidates how business-to-business (B2B) small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) can manage antecedents to the application of social media for potential contributions to their business. This in-depth qualitative research study was conducted at four plastic-producing SMEs from Octobe...

ORM-based semantics of B2B transactions.

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Balsters, H.; van Blommestein, F.; Meersman, R; Herrero, P; Dillon, T

2009-01-01

After widespread implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning and Personal Information Management, the next wave in the application of ICT is headed towards business to business (B2B) communication. B2B has a number of specific aspects, one of them being negotiation. This aspect has been largely

On the critical success factors for B2B e-marketplace

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sareh Ahmad Khan Beige

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Advancement of network technology, quick growth of Internet and Internet based solutions lead many firms to apply online processes as well as electronic businesses. Internet based B2B E-C requires applying Internet and affiliated technologies for exchanging products, services and information. Implementation of business to business (B2B requires long-term commitment of organizations. Carrying out research in this field is regarded as very important issue for recognizing effective factors on successful implementation and execution of B2B and determining current status of organization. This research deals with studying effective critical factors on successful implementation and execution of B2B. Factors are recognized through studying literature review and IT experts. Then, through case study (studying a vehicle manufacturing firm and by using analytical network process (ANP, the importance of factor and their rank are determined. The factors that are regarded at this research are including: culture, commitment and support of senior management, government support, purposes, organizational strategies, trust, partial advantage and technical infrastructure. Results of research show that support and commitment of senior management are the highest priority factors.

Senior Executives' Perceptions of Business-to-Consumer (B2C) Online Marketing Strategies: The Case of Singapore.

Science.gov (United States)

Teo, Thompson S. H.; Tan, Jek Swan

2002-01-01

Describes a study on Internet marketing strategies of business-to-consumer (B2C) firms in Singapore. Results of a survey and hierarchical regression analyses indicate that strategies to attract customers and to relate to customers have significant positive relationships to online brand equity, which is positively related to financial growth.…

Strategie di branding nei mercati business-to-business: il caso Schneider Electric

OpenAIRE

Cassia Fabio; Mangiò Dario

2014-01-01

The importance of business-to-business (B2B) branding has significantly increased in many industrial markets. Nonetheless knowledge about B2B branding strategies is still limited. The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to present an overview of current scientific knowledge on this issue; second, to analyze the case study of Schneider Electric. This case study offers interesting insights about several branding decisions and strategies in B2B markets, such as: brand positioning decisions,...

De cruciale rol van inkoopgedraag : CRM in business to business

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Santema, S.C.; Rijt, van de J.

2002-01-01

Oak b-to-b bedrijven gaan steeds meer relationeel in plaats van transactioneel denken. Complicerende factor voor CRM in business to business is alleen, dat bedrijven niet alleen met een verkoper maar ook met een koper te maken hebben. Hoe kan CRM in business to business het beste worden ingezet?

Assessment of a Business-to-Consumer (B2C) model for Telemonitoring patients with Chronic Heart Failure (CHF)

NARCIS (Netherlands)

A.S. Grustam (Andrija); Vrijhoef, H.J.M. (Hubertus J. M.); R. Koymans (Ron); Hukal, P. (Philipp); J.L. Severens (Hans)

2017-01-01

textabstractBackground: The purpose of this study is to assess the Business-to-Consumer (B2C) model for telemonitoring patients with Chronic Heart Failure (CHF) by analysing the value it creates, both for organizations or ventures that provide telemonitoring services based on it, and for society.

Debesų kompiuterijos paslaugų teikimo optimizavimas B2B modelyje

OpenAIRE

Ciechanavičiūtė, Kamilė

2017-01-01

The optimization of cloud computing provision in a Business to Business (B2B) model is highly desirable in today’s dynamic global business environment. The business workflows between business partners, suppliers and consumers need to be highly adaptable to changing business needs. As businesses move from a static to a dynamic environment, cloud computing provides a highly scalable, elastic and cost effective compute platform to run both, traditional platform 2 applications as well as the plat...

Do self-service technologies affect interfirm relationships? A B2B perspective

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Raechel Johns

2014-11-01

Full Text Available While considerable literature examines business-to business (B2B relationships, the impact of technology on these relationships has lacked attention. IT has impacted the way businesses operate in a B2B context as well as influencing services by altering the way services are delivered. To understand the way in which Internet technology has impacted these B2B services, it is essential to examine its impact not only on business processes but on business relationships too. One technology, enabled by modern Internet technologies, which is changing the nature of business relationships is the increased use of self-service technologies (SSTs or technology-enabled services, however, there is a shortage of research in the area in a B2B context. The discussion in this paper provides an overview of the impact of IT on business relationships, using Relationship Marketing theory to provide a theoretical framework. A qualitative study in the Australian banking industry provides findings relating to the theory. The findings of this study provide evidence that while traditional Relationship Marketing theory is still applicable for some business customers, new theory is required for business customers who do not seek relationships. With both practical and theoretical implications, the research detailed in this paper makes a useful contribution to the literature and indicates the necessity for further research to be developed which explores business customers who prefer to remain transaction-oriented, rather than develop interpersonal relationships.

e-Business challenges and directions: important themes from the first ICE-B workshop

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Marca, David; Bulander, Rebecca; Kruslin, Cornelia; Shishkov, Boris; van Sinderen, Marten J.; Obaidat, Mohammad S.; Tsihrintzis, George A.; Filipe, Joaquim

2012-01-01

A three-day asynchronous, interactive workshop was held at ICE-B’10 in Piraeus, Greece in July of 2010. This event captured conference themes for e-Business challenges and directions across four subject areas: a) e-Business applications and models, b) enterprise engineering, c) mobility, d) business

A Model of B2B Exchanges

OpenAIRE

Gabor Fath; Miklos Sarvary

2001-01-01

B2B exchanges are revolutionizing the way businesses will buy and sell a variety of intermediary products and services. It is estimated that most of the roughly $7 trillion worth of business transactions are likely to go through these new institutions within the next decade. This paper tries to understand the economics governing the transactions within B2B exchanges and analyze their likely evolution over time. In doing so, we start by providing the rigorous definitions to a number of critica...

AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF FACTORS AFFECTING ADOPTION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF B2B E-COMMERCE IN AUSTRALIAN HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATIONS

OpenAIRE

Chad Lin; Yu-An Huang; Geoffrey Jalleh; Ying-Chieh Liu; Mei-Lien Tung

2010-01-01

For the health care industry, the adoption and implementation of business-to-business (B2B) electronic commerce (e-commerce) systems can lead to many benefits, such as an increased accessibility to providers, reduction in supply chain and inventory costs, and reduced medical errors. However, despite high expectations for realizing the benefits of B2B e-commerce in health care, its adoption remains poorly understood and is a relatively under-researched area. Although B2B e-commerce provides th...

Small and medium sized wine producers dealing with business to business e-commerce: Towards a relational model for enhancing value (co- creation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Saba Andrea

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The internet has produced a forward-looking shift in the way we communicate, think and run economic activities around the globe. The revolution in Information and Communication Technology (ICT has generated an innovating process in the agri-food sector that is far from being unwind. The wine industry is a case in point. Indeed, the industry has attempted to address the multifaceted challenges posed by electronic commerce since always. Business to business electronic commerce has been slower to develop than its counterpart, i.e. business to consumer E-commerce. However business to business e-commerce is starting to attract an increased interest, by showing a significant business value in terms of potential. Against this background, the slow development of B2B e-commerce has been linked to regulatory and economic reasons. In order to deal with such stumbling blocks, the paper suggests a shift towards an open platform that is aimed at facilitating transactions and interactions among businesses through a continuous problem-solving process in which trust and value is co-created by producers and customers through relational contracting.

Foundations of B2B electronic contracting

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Angelov, S.

2006-01-01

Nowadays, flexible electronic cooperation paradigms are required for core business processes to meet the speed and flexibility requirements dictated by fast-changing markets. These paradigms should include the functionality to establish the formal business relationship required by the importance of

12 CFR 563b.105 - What information must I include in my business plan?

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... information must I include in my business plan? (a) Prior to filing an application for conversion, you must adopt a business plan reflecting your intended plans for deployment of the proposed conversion proceeds. Your business plan is required, under § 563b.150, to be included in your conversion application. At a...

Life, death and rebirth of the B2B business model

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hollensen, Svend; Bogers, Marcel; Boyd, Britta

through cycles of expansion and decline is the Danish family-owned Cimber airline. In this paper, we aim to understand how and why Cimber’s business model changed over time. Since its original establishment in 1950 the family-owned airline Cimber experienced many changes. To study the development......Many airline companies are struggling to survive after the industry has been hit hard by several crises. The reaction of companies is however heterogeneous, with family businesses reacting in a particular way given their inherent characteristics and particular risks. One airline that has went...... of their business model, we adopt a qualitative case study approach. The empirical base of the case study is formed by a set of interviews, with previous and current managers and employees, including both family and non-family, conducted in the period 2011-2014, complemented with secondary data, such as annual...

Il B2B e il paradigma dei costi di transazione (B2B and the Transaction Costs Paradigm

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pierluigi Sabbatini

2001-06-01

Full Text Available Business to Business (B2B Internet commerce causes a significant contraction of transaction costs. According to the Coase paradigm, we would thus expect a deverticalization of the industry and broader scope for anonymous market mechanisms. In reality, such expectations are not fully borne out by the facts. When the industrial structure is concentrated the B2Bgenerally loses its independence, and is owned by the firms which most contribute to its development, e.g. the ones able to bring the liquidity to it. The B2B governance mechanism established by these firms gives hierarchical mechanisms a role which they do not usually play in extensive, anonymous markets.

A model and language for business-aware transactions

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Kratz, B.

2012-01-01

Business-to-Business (B2B) e-business is undeniably becoming increasingly important for organizations. Organizations successfully engaging in B2B e-business benefit from reduced lead times, lower inventory levels and improved customer loyalty. However, to be successful in B2B e-business,

Evolution, development, and communication of branding in B2B markets

OpenAIRE

Seyedghorban, Zahra

2017-01-01

While, branding was traditionally viewed as having limited significance in business-to-business (B2B) markets, existing research not only acknowledges its existence, but emphasises its strategic importance in enhancing organisations’ competitive positions and financial performance. Given the fragmented research on B2B branding, there is a need to first provide a comprehensive review of B2B branding literature as a field of study by conducting a bibliometric investigation (Essay 1). The result...

Throw Away that Telework Manual!’ - the Limitations of Existing Telework Literature in the B2C e-Business Context

Science.gov (United States)

2004-06-01

of Case B identified the importance of a Customer Relationship Management ( CRM ) strategy in their e-business for effective telework to occur as...telework that acknowledge and take account of the heterogeneity of teleworkers. Keywords. Telework, e-Business, Customer relationship management ...to build rapport on-line with the customers makes it easier to work from outside the office. Fourthly, the employees (T3 and T4) and manager (M2

Management and control applications in Agriculture domain via a Future Internet Business-to-Business platform

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sokratis Barmpounakis

2015-05-01

Full Text Available The Agriculture business domain, as a vital part of the overall supply chain, is expected to highly evolve in the upcoming years via the developments, which are taking place on the side of the Future Internet. This paper presents a novel Business-to-Business collaboration platform from the agri-food sector perspective, which aims to facilitate the collaboration of numerous stakeholders belonging to associated business domains, in an effective and flexible manner. The contemporary B2B collaboration schemes already place the requirements for swift deployment of cloud applications, capable of both integrating diverse legacy systems, as well as developing in a rapid way new services and systems, which will be able to instantly communicate and provide complete, “farm-to-fork” solutions for farmers, agri-food and logistics service providers, ICT companies, end-product producers, etc. To this end, this conceptual paper describes how these requirements are addressed via the FIspace B2B platform, focusing on the Greenhouse Management & Control scenarios.

The Role of Demographics as Predictors of Successful Performance of Sales Professionals in Business-to-Business Sales Organizations

Science.gov (United States)

Frino, Michael G.; Desiderio, Katie P.

2013-01-01

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact demographic variables of gender and sales experience have on the performance of business-to-business (B2B) sales professionals. If a deeper understanding can be established of how gender and sales experience variables relate to B2B sales performance, human resource development (HRD) and human…

Effective forms of market orientation across the business cycle:a longitudinal analysis of business-to-business firms

OpenAIRE

Frösén, Johanna; Jaakkola, Matti; Churakova, Iya; Tikkanen, Henrikki

2016-01-01

Macroeconomic developments, such as the business cycle, have a remarkable influence on firms and their perfor- mance. In business-to-business (B-to-B) markets characterized by a strong emphasis on long-term customer relationships, market orientation (MO) provides a particularly important safeguard for firms against fluctuating market forces. Using panel data from an economic upturn and downturn, we examine the effectiveness of differ- ent forms of MO (i.e., customer orientation, competitor or...

ORM-Based Semantics of B2B Transactions

Science.gov (United States)

Balsters, H.; van Blommestein, F.

After widespread implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning and Personal Information Management, the next wave in the application of ICT is headed towards business to business (B2B) communication. B2B has a number of specific aspects, one of them being negotiation. This aspect has been largely neglected by present implementations of standard EDI- or XML-messaging and by B2B webservice implementations. In this paper a precise model is given of the negotiation process. The requirements of a potential Buyer and the offer of a potential Seller are matched and, if the negotiation is successful, a contract is concluded. The negotiation process model is represented in ORM, extended with dynamic constraints. Our model may be implemented in the databases of the trading partners and in message- or service definitions.

Il B2B e il paradigma dei costi di transazione (B2B and the Transaction Costs Paradigm

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pierluigi Sabbatini

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Business to Business (B2B Internet commerce causes a significant contraction of transaction costs. According to the Coase paradigm, we would thus expect a deverticalization of the industry and broader scope for anonymous market mechanisms. In reality, such expectations are not fully borne out by the facts. When the industrial structure is concentrated the B2Bgenerally loses its independence, and is owned by the firms which most contribute to its development, e.g. the ones able to bring the liquidity to it. The B2B governance mechanism established by these firms gives hierarchical mechanisms a role which they do not usually play in extensive, anonymous markets.         JEL Codes: D23, L86Keywords: Cost, Transaction Costs, Transactions

The Importance of Brand on B2B Markets: Expert Interviews with Hilti AG Managers

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Martin Konečný

2013-12-01

Full Text Available This paper investigates the importance of brand building in the business-to-business world. Not only B2C companies must take branding into account and put it among their top priorities in order to survive and succeed on the market. The first part of the article deals with the theoretical background of brand importance and market specifics of B2B markets and results in the setting of two hypotheses. The following research has to find out how the managers of a pure business-to-business company perceive the importance of a brand; moreover, it has to evaluate the importance of eight specific brand building factors. Fourteen expert interviews document the growing of brands in the B2B market and their main aspects. At the end of the article, we will focus on future implications for B2B management.

THE IMPORTANCE OF CORPORATE BRANDS FOR DECISION MAKING IN THE BUSINESS-TO-BUSINESS CONTEXT

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nikolina Koporčić

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The purpose of this paper is to provide a deeper understanding of the importance of the corporate brand for the business-to-business (B2B context, specifically concerning the buyer and supplier decision-making processes. The paper provides a literature review on tangible and intangible brand attributes, as well as their influence on perceived risks and emotions in decision making. The findings imply that business decision making is not solely rational, and that emotions matter a great deal. The conceptual framework thus presents the process of business decision making in which brand attributes play a focal role for both the buyer and supplier. Research implications include three aspects: the importance of corporate brands and their attributes for reducing a buyer´s perceived risks when choosing a new supplier, the role of corporate brands for strategies that suppliers are using when attracting potential buyers, and the effect of emotions on the mentioned processes. The paper offers a new comprehensive framework for studying decision-making in the B2B context and contributes to corporate branding and decision-making theory development.

Strategic B2B customer experience management: the importance of outcomes-based measures

OpenAIRE

Zolkiewski, Judy; Story, Victoria; Burton, Jamie; Chan, Paul; Gomes, Andre; Hunter-Jones, Philippa; O’Malley, Lisa; Peters, Linda D.; Raddats, Chris; Robinson, William

2017-01-01

Purpose\\ud \\ud The purpose of this paper is to critique the adequacy of efforts to capture the complexities of customer experience in a business-to-business (B2B) context using input–output measures. The paper introduces a strategic customer experience management framework to capture the complexity of B2B service interactions and discusses the value of outcomes-based measurement.\\ud Design/methodology/approach\\ud \\ud This is a theoretical paper that reviews extant literature related to B2B cu...

A Cross-Industry Review of B2B Critical Success Factors.

Science.gov (United States)

Eid, Riyad; Trueman, Myfanwy; Ahmed, Abdel Moneim

2002-01-01

Presents a comprehensive review of B2B (business-to- business) international Internet marketing and identifies 21 critical success factors in five categories: marketing strategy, including management support, strategic goals, and collaboration; Web site factors, including Web site design; global factors, including multilanguage sites and cultural…

Business Students Flock to Courses on Electronic Commerce.

Science.gov (United States)

Mangan, Katherine S.

1999-01-01

Business schools across the country are specializing in electronic commerce, in which teams of students create online businesses available on the Internet only to participating institutions. The courses offer students an opportunity to see how an online retailing business is conducted, including creating and maintaining Web sites, advertising…

B2B or B2C? Dutch approaches towards marketing and the consumer, 1945-1968, with particular attention to Heineken’s Brewery

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Keetie Sluyterman

2017-09-01

Full Text Available In this article I analyse how Dutch companies approached the consumers and marketing during the years 1945-1968, a period during which the Netherlands became a ‘consumer society’. In the first part I examine articles in the Dutch journal Tijdschrift voor Efficiëntie en Documentatie (ted, or Journal for Efficiency and Documentation, a leading management periodical. This examination shows how new ideas from abroad were taken up and disseminated in the Netherlands by both management consultants and large producers of consumer goods such as Unilever and Philips. In the second part of this article I take a closer look at Heineken’s brewery, drawing on the company’s archives. Heineken closely followed the ideas afloat at the time and put them intopractice. However, the Heineken case also shows the different approaches necessary for business-to-consumer (b2c and business-to-business (b2b relationships. The second type of relationships deserves more attention from historians.

How to Develop Social Media Marketing Guidelines for a Small B2B Enterprise

OpenAIRE

Varis, Ville

2013-01-01

The aim of this thesis is to research business-to-business social media marketing and help formulate guidelines for starting Real Clean Finland’s social media marketing efforts. This research seeks to find the easiest and most resource-effective methods and social media channels suitable for B2B marketing. At the time of the thesis process, the company had no established social media presence. Ideas for these guidelines were established through a combination of theoretical study and quali...

Membangun Kembali Kepercayaan Masyarakat Pasca Pelanggaran Dalam Business to Consumer (B2C) E-Commerce: Studi Empiris Di YOGYAKARTA

OpenAIRE

Kusuma, Hadri; Sari, Marina Silvia

2012-01-01

This paper focuses on the process of rebuilding reputation and the intention level of the community to continue trust after trustees fix their e-commerce systems. This research integrates two previous research models to assess rebuilding post trust violation through system improvement that may influence the intention to continue trust. The objectives of the research are to examine the efforts of rebuilding post trust violation on the Business to Consumer (B2C) E-commerce and test the effect s...

Business Relations in Electronic Commerce

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hjarup, Søren; Henten, Anders

The analysis addresses the issues of how businesses interact in the light of continuous maturation of business-to-business e-commerce. Development of cheaper and more standardised information and communication technologies enhances the depth and width of electronic networks, which may lead...

Take back program for ICN products - a B2B solution for WEEE implementation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Renner, H. [Siemens ICN, Munich (Germany); Chryssos, G. [eds-r GmbH, Thierhaupten (Germany)

2004-07-01

In 2005 the WEEE (waste electrical and electronic equipment) directive has to be implemented in each country of the European Union. The implementation of this directive affects a significant part of end of life equipment which has to be taken back directly from B2B (business to business) users. In contrast to end of life equipment from private households, there is a high residual value and therefore high reuse potential of B2B equipment. Within this scope a take back program for telecommunications equipment has been implemented by Siemens ICN together with the recycling company and re-use expert eds-r GmbH in order to optimise recovery and take back logistics processes. Essential elements of this take back program are area-wide take back logistics with web based track and trace system, professional dismantling and selection of reusable components with subsequent redelivery to service and sales network of Siemens ICN as well as professional recovery. (orig.)

BOF4WSS : a business-oriented framework for enhancing web services security for e-business

OpenAIRE

Nurse, Jason R. C.; Sinclair, Jane

2009-01-01

When considering Web services' (WS) use for online business-to-business (B2B) collaboration between companies, security is a complicated and very topical issue. This is especially true with regard to reaching a level of security beyond the technological layer, that is supported and trusted by all businesses involved. With appreciation of this fact, our research draws from established development methodologies to develop a new, business-oriented framework (BOF4WSS) to guide e-businesses in def...

CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT IN BUSINESS-TO-BUSINESS MARKETING: EXAMPLE OF TOURISM SECTOR

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Demet TUZUNKAN

2018-04-01

Full Text Available The aim of this study is to demonstrate how customer relationship management systems are implemented in tourism companies that do business-tobusiness marketing. The study firstly tries to explain the concepts of business-tobusiness marketing and customer relations management. The existence and implementation of customer relationship management systems, particularly in business-oriented organizations, is crucial in order to make a difference in the globalizing world where competition conditions are gradually increasing. In order to achieve this, it has been evaluated how the customer relationship management systems are formed, how they are implemented, and what advantages they provide by conducting interviews with the employees in the companies that are business-tobusiness marketing in tourism sector and business areas. In methodology, semistructured interview technique has been used which enables qualitative data collection as a method in order to reach the goal of the study. As a result of the interviews and research, it has been established that customer relations management in B2B tourism companies is quite vital to be more productive, work efficiently, support marketing activities considerably and therefore increase the sales volume.

E-Business Models In The Travel Industry

OpenAIRE

Alford, Philip

2000-01-01

Drawing on recently published data, this report examines some of the trends in travel e-commerce. Using a case study approach, the author examines in detail some of the e-business models impacting on the travel industry both in the Business-to-Business (B2B) and Business-to-Consumer (B2C) markets. Although B2C leisure transactions currently account for just 1% of the value of global travel, there is real potential for future growth. However to be successful both new entrants and existing play...

International Business Education at Best B-Schools

Science.gov (United States)

Eisner, Susan; Harvey, Mary Ellen O'Grady

2008-01-01

This paper investigates the preparation undergraduate students readying for participation in the global economy and interested in international business careers can receive at U.S. business schools. Existing literature point to the importance of internationalizing business education, but have been relatively silent in recent years regarding its…

Developing a reference architecture for inter-organizational business collaboration setup systems

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Norta, A.H.; Grefen, P.W.P.J.

2006-01-01

The question of how a service consumer and a service provider should collaborate with each other in a business-to-business (B2B) setting is an ongoing research issue. The concept of electronic Sourcing (eSourcing) has been proposed as an integral concept with the EU research project CrossWork. The

Matchmaking Framework for B2B E-Marketplaces

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fekete ZOLTAN ALPAR

2010-01-01

Full Text Available In the recent years trading on the Internet become more popular. Online businesses gradually replace more and more from the conventional business. Much commercial information is exchanged on the internet, especially using the e-marketplaces. The demand and supply matching process becomes complex and difficult on last twenty years since the e-marketplaces play an important role in business management. Companies can achieve significant cost reduction by using e-marketplaces in their trade activities and by using matchmaking systems on finding the corresponding supply for their demand and vice versa. In the literature were proposed many approaches for matchmaking. In this paper we present a conceptual framework of matchmaking in B2B e-marketplaces environment.

Using service design methods for B2b service brand concept development: Case company

OpenAIRE

Molina Escalante, Hugo

2014-01-01

A short time before this study was initiated, a small B2b service company had just began op-erating its business without a brand of it’s own. The company owners were looking to design an innovative brand for their business. The purpose of this thesis was to develop the brand for this service Company in the B2b context, using practical service design and Strategic design research methods. This thesis report represents a framework for developing a B2b service brand using research methods c...

Business-to-business electronic commerce systems and services. Smart EC solution; Kigyoka nrenkei system solution system. Smart EC solution

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Setoguchi, T.; Manchu, Y.; Katsumata, M. [Toshiba Corp., Tokyo (Japan)

2000-04-01

Toshiba provides a range of information technology (IT) solutions called SmartEC Solution, which includes business-to-business electronic commerce systems and services based on international standards and industrial know-how, especially our electronic data interchange (EDI) know-how as a manufacturer. These IT solutions are supplied as services covering strategy planning, system integration, and application service provider based on five types of business-to-business electronic commerce. (author)

E-Business Developmental Issues in the Australian Food Industry

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mohini Singh

2004-11-01

Full Text Available This paper discusses e-business developmental issues in the Australian Food industry that were identified from a research project funded by the Australian Research Council. Data was gathered from interviews with 11 food organisations in the year 2000, most of which can be classified as ‘bricks and clicks’. These 11 companies were traditional businesses that had adopted e-business as a new way of doing business. The findings of the paper highlight the fact that the B2B is the predominant e-business model in the Australian Food Industry, EDI is an important foundation technology platform for developing B2B e-business, e-procurement was an important reason for adopting B2B e-business and improved supply chain management was the most important achievement from E-Business for these organizations. It also highlighted the fact e-business developed in-house with an IT department managed e-business sites better than those that outsourced the development.

Matchmaking for business processes

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Wombacher, Andreas; Fankhauser, Peter; Mahleko, Bendick; Neuhold, Erich

2003-01-01

Web services have a potential to enhance B2B ecommerce over the Internet by allowing companies and organizations to publish their business processes on service directories where potential trading partners can find them. This can give rise to new business paradigms based on ad-hoc trading relations

48 CFR 52.204-5 - Women-Owned Business (Other Than Small Business).

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Women-Owned Business (Other Than Small Business). 52.204-5 Section 52.204-5 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL... Provisions and Clauses 52.204-5 Women-Owned Business (Other Than Small Business). As prescribed in 4.607(b...

Sociala Medier som kommunikationskanal för B2B-företag

OpenAIRE

Kaddura, Layla; Olsson, Karin

2010-01-01

The purpose of this thesis is to show what advantages and opportunities social media offer for B2B-companies (business-to-business), and how they can be used for marketing communications. We have studied how companies can use social media, for example evolving the organization, developing products/services, staying up-to-date, building relations, creating customer loyalty and engagement, building the company’s identity and image, and affecting the buying decisions. We have also studied how B2...

Customer Satisfaction in Business to Consumer (B2C) E-commerce: A Comparative Study of Turkey and Pakistan

OpenAIRE

Sahal M. SHEIKH; Mehmet BASTI

2015-01-01

The World Wide Web and the medium of internet have invaded the world from all directions and it has transformed the business and economies into series of electronic financial transactions. E-Commerce is a relatively new born phenomenon and this study explores into the realm of Business-to-Customer e-commerce customer satisfaction in Pakistan and Turkey. The methodology used to extract primary data is the contingency valuation approach; questionnaire. In total 205 Questionnai...

Managing Innovation Through Social Media in B2B SME-Context

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lutz, Salla; Madsen, Svend Ole; Brink, Tove

2015-01-01

This paper shed light on how social media application can enhance innovation management in SME B2B context. Our study employs a qualitative case study approach with four B2B SMEs for in-depth research in the period from October 2013 to October 2014. The B2B SME managers aim for open business mode...

Separating Business Logic from Medical Knowledge in Digital Clinical Workflows Using Business Process Model and Notation and Arden Syntax.

Science.gov (United States)

de Bruin, Jeroen S; Adlassnig, Klaus-Peter; Leitich, Harald; Rappelsberger, Andrea

2018-01-01

Evidence-based clinical guidelines have a major positive effect on the physician's decision-making process. Computer-executable clinical guidelines allow for automated guideline marshalling during a clinical diagnostic process, thus improving the decision-making process. Implementation of a digital clinical guideline for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B as a computerized workflow, thereby separating business logic from medical knowledge and decision-making. We used the Business Process Model and Notation language system Activiti for business logic and workflow modeling. Medical decision-making was performed by an Arden-Syntax-based medical rule engine, which is part of the ARDENSUITE software. We succeeded in creating an electronic clinical workflow for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B, where institution-specific medical decision-making processes could be adapted without modifying the workflow business logic. Separation of business logic and medical decision-making results in more easily reusable electronic clinical workflows.

Business Mododelling of Electronic Brokerage

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Skouby, Knud Erik; Øst, Alexander Gorm

1998-01-01

The central task of Business Modelling is to develop a theoretical techno-economic reference model for analyses of the value chain in the production of brokerage services in electronic networks......The central task of Business Modelling is to develop a theoretical techno-economic reference model for analyses of the value chain in the production of brokerage services in electronic networks...

Information management: The adoption of order processing for B2B e-commerce

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

F. W. Voges

2007-11-01

Full Text Available The management of information flow in the order processing activities of small enterprises is not always understood. An inefficient supply chain is often the result of the lack of timely and accessible inter-firm information and data exchange. Small suppliers often do not have the technology infrastructure and capable resources available for proper integration with supply chains. This research investigated suppliers and fast moving consumer goods (FMCG retailers, adopting business-to-business (B2B e-commerce. Small businesses are the focus of this research, as they contribute to a large portion of the South African economy and play an important role in the supply chains of retailers. Case study research using evidence obtained from nine small, medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs and suppliers located in the Western Cape, South Africa, was used. It was found that small suppliers have different processes for conducting business with various retailers. Literature revealed little evidence of using the Internet as an enabling technology in on-line order processing. From the analysis, nine improvement areas were identified to enhance the conduct of efficient B2B order processing and associated information flow. These improvement areas were merged with four factors that were identified in a framework when adopting e-supply chains. This resulted in the proposition of guidelines for small suppliers when adopting B2B e-commerce for order processing.

A Study on Partnering Mechanism in B to B EC Server for Global Supply Chain Management

Science.gov (United States)

Kaihara, Toshiya

B to B Electronic Commerce (EC) technology is now in progress and regarded as an information infrastructure for global business. As the number and diversity of EC participants grows at the agile environment, the complexity of purchasing from a vast and dynamic array of goods and services needs to be hidden from the end user. Putting the complexity into the EC system instead means providing flexible auction server for enabling commerce within different business units. Market mechanism could solve the product distribution problem in the auction server by allocating the scheduled resources according to market prices. In this paper, we propose a partnering mechanism for B to B EC with market-oriented programming that mediates amongst unspecified various companies in the trade, and demonstrate the applicability of the economic analysis to this framework after constructing a primitive EC server. The proposed mechanism facilitates sophisticated B to B EC, which conducts a Pareto optimal solution for all the participating business units in the coming agile era.

Exploring a business to business recurring revenue framework for the delivery of software as a service through a cloud computing channel

OpenAIRE

Dempsey, David

2015-01-01

Cloud Computing (CC) is creating a new paradigm for the distribution of computer software applications. Within this context CC enabled Software as a Service (SaaS) fundamentally changes the revenue expectations and business model for the application software industry. This study considers the revenue expectation of the CC industry and its dependency on renewal subscriptions, while the study focuses on SaaS in the Business-to-Business (B2B) domain, delivered through the CC chann...

PACE. A Program for Acquiring Competence in Entrepreneurship. Part II: Becoming an Entrepreneur. Unit B: Where to Locate the Business. Research and Development Series No. 194 B-2.

Science.gov (United States)

Ohio State Univ., Columbus. National Center for Research in Vocational Education.

This three-part curriculum for entrepreneurship education is primarily for postsecondary level, including four-year colleges and adult education, but it can be adapted for special groups or vocational teacher education. The emphasis of the seven instructional units in Part II is on establishing a business. Unit B focuses on choosing a business…

USING UML SCENARIOS IN B2B SYSTEMS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. Jakimi

2010-05-01

Full Text Available Scenarios has become a popular technique for requirements elicitation and specification building. Since scenarios capture only partial descriptions of the system behavior, an approach for scenario composition and/or integration is needed to produce more complete specifications. The Unified Modeling Language (UML, which has become a standard notation for object-oriented modeling, provides a suitable framework for scenario acquisition using Use Case diagrams and Sequence or Collaboration diagrams. In this paper, we suggest an algorithmic and tool support for composing and integrating scenarios that are represented in form of sequence diagrams. We suggest four operators (;: sequential operator, ||: concurrent operator, ?: conditional operator and  * :iteration operator to compose a set of scenarios that describe a use case of a given system. In this paper, we suggest also to apply the scenario approach to B2B systems (Business to Business. We propose to develop B2B systems as a three activities process deriving formal specifications and code skeletons from UML scenarios. Activities of this proposed process are generally automatic and are supported by a set of developed algorithms and tools.

Scope of Internal Marketing in B2B Companies

OpenAIRE

Nigam, Niharika

2007-01-01

Abstract Previous studies have focused on "internal marketing" from services marketing perspective. There is, therefore, a great dearth of in-depth research on its application to other business types. This research attempts to find the scope of internal marketing in B2B companies. The purpose of this research is to closely examine the elements, their linkage, tools and applications of Internal marketing when applied to B2B settings. Internal marketing, the application of marketing managem...

Specification and verification of harmonized business-process collaborations

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Norta, A.H.; Eshuis, H.

2010-01-01

In the area of business-to-business (B2B) collaboration, original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) are confronted with the problem of spending a considerable time and effort on coordinating suppliers across multiple tiers of their supply chains. By supporting inter-organizational business-process

Electronic Commerce and Electronic Business

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

R. Narasimhan (Krishtel eMaging) 1461 1996 Oct 15 13:05:22

This special issue is motivated by the recent upsurge of research activity in the areas of electronic commerce and electronic business both in India and all over the world. The current ... Monte Carlo methods for pricing financial options are then.

Fashion supply chain optimization: Realisation of make-to-orders purchasing using interlinked B2B e-commerce

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Tambo, Torben; Mikkelsen, Ole Egebjerg

2015-01-01

describes a multi-method approach using both traditional B2B and B2C methods of sales initiatives as an e-business system connecting inbound and outbound supply chains. Initiatives can be reverse auctions, time limited discounts, co-selling, bundling, short campaigns supported with letters, e...

An investigation on effects of perceived value on brand popularity and brand loyalty: A B2B case study

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zakaria Karimi Rad

2014-03-01

Full Text Available This research evaluates the effect of perceived value on brand popularity and brand loyalty for some organizations in business-to-business (B2B domain under the effect of risk and e-service quality. The practical relationships among six different kinds of risks including performance, social, financial, time, psychological and safety with consideration of quality in e-commerce business on customer’s perceived value are evaluated and the effects of this perception of value on consequences of perceived value are measured. In this study, using the partial least square method as well as gathering the information of some Iranian firms that use electronic services, the study finds that there was a significant relationship between various types of risks and perceived value. There is also considerable influence of perceived value on satisfaction, brand popularity, and brand loyalty.

Mining inter-organizational business process models from EDI messages : a case study from the automotive sector

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Engel, R.; Aalst, van der W.M.P.; Zapletal, M.; Pichler, C.; Werthner, H.; Ralyté, J.; Franch, X.; Brinkkemper, S.; Wrycza, S.

2012-01-01

Traditional standards for Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), such as EDIFACT and ANSI X12, have been employed in Business-to-Business (B2B) e-commerce for decades. Due to their wide industry coverage and long-standing establishment, they will presumably continue to play an important role for some

The Impact of Business Size and Business Type on Small Business Investment in Electronic Commerce: a study of Swedish small businesses

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Robert MacGregor

2002-05-01

Full Text Available In the past, organisations relied on traditional quantitative metrics, such as Return on Investment (ROI to make decisions when investing in technology. With the advent of electronic commerce (EC, organisations have had to rethink their investment and acquisition decisions due to the strategic nature of electronic commerce. Where ROI measures have failed, they have been replaced with a plethora of organisational driving forces. This paper focuses on the driving forces behind EC adoption by small and medium enterprises (SME's and aims to determine the impact of organisational factors such as size and type of business on EC acquisition criteria. The results of a research study carried out in Sweden are presented and suggest that there exist high levels of significance between the size of the business and customer demand, reduced costs, developing new markets and improvement to marketing as driving forces, and the type of business and customer demand, pressure from competition, increased sales and improvement of relationship with business partners as driving forces for EC adoption.

7 CFR Exhibit B-2 to Subpart B of... - Letter for Notifying Applicants, Lenders and Holders and Borrowers of Unfavorable Decision...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... and Borrowers of Unfavorable Decision Reached at the Meeting B Exhibit B-2 to Subpart B of Part 1900 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS... REGULATIONS GENERAL Adverse Decisions and Administrative Appeals Pt. 1900, Subpt. B, Exh. B-2 Exhibit B-2 to...

Evaluation of Open Innovation in B2B from a Company Culture Perspective

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nikolaos Katsikis

2016-10-01

Full Text Available This article is written for innovation managers, business developers or employees in similar positions in a company selling in a B2B environment. Decision criteria are presented which will help to find the right open innovation tool for the desired goals and also for the given company culture. Aiming to increase business successfully by involving externals cannot be seen independently of the attitude and openness of an organization as a whole to this approach.

A Proposal of B to B Collaboration Process Model based on a Concept of Service and its Application to Energy Saving Service Business

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Qi; Kosaka, Michitaka; Shirahada, Kunio; Yabutani, Takashi

This paper proposes a new framework for B to B collaboration process based on a concept of service. Service value, which gives users satisfaction for provided services, depends on the situation, user characteristics, and user objectives in seeking the service. Vargo proposed Service Dominant Logic (SDL), which determines service value according to “value in use”. This concept illustrates the importance of the relationship between the service itself and its situation. This relationship is analogous to electro-magnetic field theory in physics. We developed the concept of service fields to create service value based on an analogy of the electro-magnetic field. By applying this concept to B to B collaboration, a model of service value co-creation in the collaboration can be formulated. Then, the collaboration can be described by 4 steps of KIKI model (Knowledge sharing related to service system, Identification of service field, Knowledge creation for new service idea, Implementation of service idea). As its application to B to B collaboration, the energy saving service business is reported to demonstrate the validity of the proposed collaboration model. This concept can be applied to make a collaboration process effective.

A process-stakeholder analysis of B2B industry standardisation

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Rodon, J.; Ramis-Pujol, J.; Christiaanse, E.

2007-01-01

Purpose - Interoperability standards are a crucial aspect in the development of B2B e-business. The aim of this paper is to understand how standardisation evolves by analysing the interplay between activities and stakeholders within the process. Unlike most of the IS research that focuses on the

DEVELOPING APPLICATIONS FOR ELECTRONIC BUSINESS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Georgeta Șoavă

2012-12-01

Full Text Available We are in the early 3rd millennium as companies face the need to exploit technology changing computer environments, in order to improve customer satisfaction and reduce costs. Thus, the development of e-business, the efficient use of new information technologies in business, by developing an alternative sales channel with relatively low costs, it manages to establish relationships with incomparably greater number of customers, to traditional approaches. Starting from these general considerations, we conducted this work we divided it into four parts. In the first part we present general context in which companies can achieve needs using new technologies, then we reviewed the basic elements in developing e-business type applications presenting their main benefits. Next, I approached refining models for e-business software development and use of distributed architectures for electronic commerce, concluding with a set of conclusions.

Presentation of various types of electronic business available on the Internet, Advantages, Disadvantages, Key Requirements and Security, Implementation Model of an Electronic Business

OpenAIRE

Andreea A.S. Ionescu; Raul Serban

2012-01-01

This paper speaks about the advantages, disadvantages, key requirements necessary of an electronic business, the infrastructure of the Internet, the existing main networks on the Internet, standards used to develop electronic business and the security of an e-business environment. As we know in an organization the information is an asset that has value and should be protected and diversified. We also propose an implementation model of an electronic business that interconnects two concepts: ER...

Cycle e-business: the e-business of Gaz De France; Cycle e-business: l'e-business de Gaz de France

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-07-01

This paper deals with the Gaz De France Group position in the e-business context. In terms of e-business, all is done to put Internet at the marketing service. Three examples of Internet sites realization and the future policy are presented. (A.L.B.)

B2B E-marketplaces in the Airline Industry: Process Drivers and Performance indicators

OpenAIRE

Wagner, Claudia-Maria; Huber, Bernd; Sweeney, Edward; Smyth, Austin

2005-01-01

Competitive pressures are increasing within and between different strategically oriented groups of airlines. This paper focuses on the level of efficiency improvements gained by using e-Marketplaces in the procurement process. Findings from a survey among 88 international airlines reveal that the use of Business-to-Business (B2B) e-Marketplaces does play different roles across the various airline groupings. Airlines that are involved in strategic alliances show higher joint procurement activi...

Customer Satisfaction in Business to Consumer (B2C E-commerce: A Comparative Study of Turkey and Pakistan

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sahal M. SHEIKH

2015-11-01

Full Text Available The World Wide Web and the medium of internet have invaded the world from all directions and it has transformed the business and economies into series of electronic financial transactions. E-Commerce is a relatively new born phenomenon and this study explores into the realm of Business-to-Customer e-commerce customer satisfaction in Pakistan and Turkey. The methodology used to extract primary data is the contingency valuation approach; questionnaire. In total 205 Questionnaire were filled and collected online which constituted 110 surveys from Pakistan and 95 surveys from Turkey. The study uses descriptive analysis and also two sample t-test to test the hypothesis of the study which is that there is no difference in the levels of Business-to-Customer e-commerce customer satisfaction in Pakistan and Turkey. The findings of the study reveal that there is no significant difference between the levels of Pakistan and Turkey as the individual factors affecting e-commerce customer satisfaction do not differ in intensity. There are few differences but mainly the countries are on converging paths in this context.

Developing a reference architecture for inter-organizational business collaboration setup systems

OpenAIRE

Norta, A.H.; Grefen, P.W.P.J.

2006-01-01

The question of how a service consumer and a service provider should collaborate with each other in a business-to-business (B2B) setting is an ongoing research issue. The concept of electronic Sourcing (eSourcing) has been proposed as an integral concept with the EU research project CrossWork. The properties of eSourcing are explored, however, the question arises how a service consumer and a provider need to interact with each other during setup time for establishing an eSourcing configuratio...

Discovering patterns for inter-organizational business collaboration

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Norta, A.H.; Grefen, P.W.P.J.

2007-01-01

In the area of business-to-business (B2B) collaboration for manufacturing, original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) are confronted with the problem of spending considerable time and effort on coordinating suppliers across multiple tiers of their supply chain. In tightly integrated supply chains, the

Critical success factors in the lithuanian electronic business market

OpenAIRE

Žvirblytė, Justina

2007-01-01

By seeking to be active participant in the global market without information technologies would be impossible to implement the innovative business decisions. Market conditions in growing economy and competition, business globalization as well as innovations in the field of information and communication technologies the companies stimulate to invest in development of the electronic business increasingly. Electronic business – is a use of modern means of information and communication technologi...

Business Intelligence: Magnum B.I.

Science.gov (United States)

Briggs, Linda L.

2007-01-01

Business intelligence (BI) tools offer schools the ability to look beyond a routine statistic, such as what percentage of students have passed a given test. Through data analysis, schools can view specific scores for a select group of students, for example, and compare that data to other groups, classes, or teachers. That is the kind of…

The Development of B2C E-Commerce in Greece: Current Situation and Future Potential.

Science.gov (United States)

Kardaras, Dimitris; Papathanassiou, Eleutherios

2000-01-01

Reports on the results of a survey of 120 companies in Greece that evaluated the potential of business to customer (B2C) Internet applications and investigated how the Internet and e-commerce can offer new opportunities for businesses to improve their customers' satisfaction. Discusses electronic commerce problems and future technology. (Contains…

Defense Business Transformation

Science.gov (United States)

2009-12-01

Defense Business Transformation by Jacques S. Gansler and William Lucyshyn The Center for Technology and National...REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED 00-00-2009 to 00-00-2009 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Defense Business Transformation 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER...vii Part One: DoD Business Transformation

A Study of Influential Factors in the Adoption and Diffusion of B2C E-Commerce

OpenAIRE

Rayed Al Ghamdi; Ann Nguyen; Vicki Jones

2013-01-01

This paper looks at the present standing of ecommerce in Saudi Arabia, as well as the challenges and strengths of Business to Customers (B2C) electronic commerce. Many studies have been conducted around the world in order to gain a better understanding of the demands, needs and effectiveness of online commerce. A study was undertaken to review the literature identifying the factors influencing the adoption and diffusion of B2C e-commerce. It found four distinct categories: businesses, custome...

A DSS framework for maintaining relevant features of the Small Business B2C Websites

OpenAIRE

Khatun, Madhury; Miah, Shah Jahan

2016-01-01

Managers are heavily engaged in strategic decision-making for businesses, particularly in a changing environment. One of the most important decisions for online small businesses, as part of their strategic planning, is selecting relevant features on their websites, both to attract and interact with consumers. However, only a few Australian small businesses use strategic tools for selecting their website features. As a result, businesses lose potential domestic sales in the business-to-consume...

Matchmaking for business processes based on choreographies

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Wombacher, Andreas; Fankhauser, Peter; Mahleko, Bendick; Neuhold, Erich

Web services have a potential to enhance B2B ecommerce over the Internet by allowing companies and organizations to publish their business processes on service directories where potential trading partners can find them. This can give rise to new business paradigms based on ad-hoc trading relations

Drivers of relationships affecting B2B firms in an e-commerce environment

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Irene Samanta

2014-09-01

Full Text Available The advent of the internet has created numerous opportunities for B2B marketing professionals to enhance current marketing practices, including electronic relationships. However, the investigation of e-relationships and the factors that influence e-relationships in an internet environment is scant. Further, there appears to be no investigation of this phenomenon within the context of Greek B2B Medium-sized firms (MSF. Τhe research problem investigated in this research is: “Which drivers in B2B e-commerce use affect inter-firm relationships in medium-sized B2B firms?”. A framework for B2B e-commerce relationships in a changing and globalized environment was synthesised and integrated with the literature about relationship marketing to arrive at the following research issues: “How do relationship marketing drivers affect the management of B2B e-relationships?”. An explanatory quantitative research approach was used and quantitative data was collected from B2B firms in Greece, which represents a case of e-commerce progress during the last six years. Regarding social exchange, some important differences emerge where cooperation between B2B e-commerce firms is concerned. Suppliers engaged in electronic commerce are more committed and oriented to a long-term relationship than buyers, based on both previous and current experience with them. Confidence in the relationships, consistency and honesty with their obligations and the exchange of reliable, trustworthy information and advisory services between firms are important factors in the development and establishment of their e-relationships. The main contribution of this research is the development of a theoretical framework for e-relationships in medium-sized Β2Β firms. That framework is the first rigorously researched step towards understanding the importance of these powerful streams of relationship drivers in total, and the business activity of e-marketing and electronic relationships.

Potentials of electronic business development in Serbia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Milovanović Slavoljub

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Intensive application of information and communication technology (ICT, particularly Internet in selling and buying business processes have caused development of electronic business (e-business concept. Numerous organizations in the world and in Serbia as well have implemented the concept. The basic aim of the paper is to analyze level of internet technology and e-business implementation in Serbia. The paper has theoretical background explaining concept of e-business and ICT which supports the implementation of this concept. However, empirical or practical contribution of the paper is articulated through analysis of data considering application of ICT and e-business concept in Serbia. The data considering application of ICT and e-business concept in Serbia is collected by Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia and encompasses households/individuals and enterprises in Serbia. Results of the research presented in the paper can help executives in Serbian organizations in planning e-business concept implementation as well as researchers in deeper study of this theme.

The diffusion of electronic business in the United States

OpenAIRE

Emin M. Dinlersoz; Rubén Hernández-Murillo

2005-01-01

The authors provide a recent account of the diffusion of electronic business in the U.S. economy using new data from the U.S. Bureau of the Census. They document the extent of the diffusion in three main sectors of the economy: retail, services, and manufacturing. For manufacturing, they also analyze plants' patterns of adoption of several Internet-based processes and conclude with a look at the future of the Internet's diffusion and a prospect for further data collection by the U.S. Census B...

E Business

OpenAIRE

Temjanovski, Riste

2012-01-01

In contemporary economic science study of е-business becomes necessary and imperative in contemporary work. The purpose of the program is available in a clear and acceptable way to meet the needs, models, application and protection of electronic business. Here are the basic models of electronic commerce, electronic banking, e-business infrastructure and so on. Electronic business or short e-business aims to expand the powers of an organizational unit in the development of innovative inform...

Franchisors' contribution towards franchisees' business failures / B.L. Yozi.

OpenAIRE

Yozi, Bongiwe Linda

2009-01-01

Franchising is emerging as a highly effective strategy for business growth, local employment and regional economic development. It is the most realistic and promising formula to emerge yet for the development of business skills and a thriving entrepreneurial culture in South Africa. Many prospective franchisees believe that when they pay their franchise fee, they are buying a business. Very frequently, the franchisor has not made the franchise relationship clear to the franchisee, which resul...

Social media as a support tool for B2B communication

OpenAIRE

Thapa Magar, Chandani

2016-01-01

This research was commissioned by Oulu University of Applied Sciences and a Finnish tech company Uros Ltd. As social media adoption is growing steadily in the contemporary consumer marketing, not many cases can be found where Social Media has been successfully adopted and used in a B2B scenario. Thus, it has remained as a reserved matter for many B2B companies, which still follow the tried-and-true business principles polished through traditional marketing. This research paper aims to enhanc...

Comparative analysis of the terms "electronic commerce" and "electronic business"

OpenAIRE

Kavaliauskienė, Virginija; Šarapovas, Tadas

2002-01-01

Establishing the terms that clearly and consistently describe growing and dynamic networked economy is a critical first step toward further analysis and evaluation of electronic commerce and electronic business processes. Electronic commerce is making an impact on the ways that purchasing activities are being conducted. Much of the early literature on this subject was very speculative. However, the growth of e-commerce has enabled more observations to be made of the use of electronic business...

Emerging themes in international business research

OpenAIRE

David A Griffith; Salih Tamer Cavusgil; Shichun Xu

2008-01-01

This study is motivated by two research questions: (1) Which recent contributions have been driving the research agenda in international business? (2) Which emerging themes in the literature are likely to set the stage for future work? To examine these questions, the study examined scholarly work in international business over the time period 1996–2006 in six leading international business journals (Journal of International Business Studies, Management International Review, Journal of World B...

Developing a business plan for a startup e-business

OpenAIRE

Vu, Khanh

2013-01-01

The purpose of this thesis is to develop an initial business plan for a startup fashion company that operates on the Internet in the Vietnamese market. To reach the target objective, the thesis first examines e-business from a theoretical perspective and considers its advantages and disadvantages. Secondly, the macro environment of the proposed business is analyzed, namely the country of Vietnam and its e-commerce environment. Finally, the outcome of the thesis is presented in the form of a b...

Capital Improvements Business Line

Science.gov (United States)

2012-08-08

NAVFAC Southwest Dan Waid Program & Business Mgmt NAVFAC SW Capital Improvements Business Line NAVFAC SW 8 August 2012 1 Report...REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED 00-00-2012 to 00-00-2012 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Capital Improvements Business Line 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT...AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Approved for public release; distribution unlimited 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES Presented at the 2012 Navy Gold Coast Small Business

Organizational Learning Supported by Machine Learning Models Coupled with General Explanation Methods: A Case of B2B Sales Forecasting

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bohanec Marko

2017-08-01

Full Text Available Background and Purpose: The process of business to business (B2B sales forecasting is a complex decision-making process. There are many approaches to support this process, but mainly it is still based on the subjective judgment of a decision-maker. The problem of B2B sales forecasting can be modeled as a classification problem. However, top performing machine learning (ML models are black boxes and do not support transparent reasoning. The purpose of this research is to develop an organizational model using ML model coupled with general explanation methods. The goal is to support the decision-maker in the process of B2B sales forecasting.

Farmers and Bankers Are Interested in F.B.P.A. (Farm Business Planning and Analysis)

Science.gov (United States)

Borton, John L.

1974-01-01

A successful Farm Business Planning and Analysis program is being taught by the Upper Sandusky, Ohio, Vocational Agriculture Department fo farm operators, farm couples, bankers, and vocational agriculture teachers and students. The F.B.P.A. program consists of developing a record system, summarizing and analyzing the system, and planning future…

Developing a framework for relationship intention, satisfaction, loyalty and retention of SMEs in the business-to-business financing environment / Margaretha Henriëtha Mentz

OpenAIRE

Mentz, Margaretha Henriëtha

2014-01-01

In the business-to-business (B2B) financing industry, financiers offering financing to SMEs are finding it increasingly difficult to attract new customers and to retain existing customers. One way of attracting and retaining customers is by creating superior customer satisfaction, as it is believed that customer satisfaction leads to loyalty which ultimately results in customer retention. Customer satisfaction could also be an important indicator as to whether customers would want to build lo...

26 CFR 1.403(b)-2 - Definitions.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

...) INCOME TAXES Pension, Profit-Sharing, Stock Bonus Plans, Etc. § 1.403(b)-2 Definitions. (a) Application... 1450(b) of the Small Business Job Protection Act of 1996 (110 Stat. 1755, 1814) for special rules...

Electronic Business Helps Middle & Small Enterprises Develop International Trade

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

黎裕华

2012-01-01

Under the influence of the financial crisis, our international trade faces very serious challenge. During such a difficult period, electronic business brings us some new hope. Electronic business optimizes traditional process, saves large number of manpower and assets, decreases cost, breaks through the limit of time and space, makes deals more convenient and shortcut and strongly boosts efficiency. Our middle and small enterprises should make full use of such a tool of electronic business to hit out the international market actively, search more trading opportunities and living spaces and smoothly bridge such a difficult period due to the financial crisis.

Lessons Learned from Migrating to an Online Electronic Business Management Course

Science.gov (United States)

Walstrom, Kent A.

2014-01-01

This article describes the lessons learned while migrating an Electronic Business Management course from traditional face-to-face delivery to online delivery across a six and a half year time frame. The course under review teaches students how to develop and construct a working information-based online business using free versions of online…

Sales-marketing interfaces within business-firms : Transitions and evolution

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Biemans, W.G.; Makovec Brencic, M.; Malshe, A.

2012-01-01

In these turbulent economic times sales-marketing interfaces in business firms are in the state of flux. Sales-marketing interface researchers have till date characterized marketing within business firms in terms of a marketing department rather than a marketing function thereby ignoring B2B firms

BUSINESS-TO-BUSINESS CORRUPTION

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Natasha Georgieva Hadzi Krsteski

2016-04-01

Full Text Available The business corruption is established and active in the circle of the businesses partners that express a gratitude, return a service or bribes (apart from ordinary price for a business transfer to be provided. Those prohibited transfers differs from the usual business transfers, such as activities related to marketing and public relations where they have a specific goal to use illegal means in order to infringe the recipients` identity of prohibited value in an interchange for a inducement. That is a procedure of enticement, which prevents the useful instruments in the permitted bazaar and not solitary that it is harmful for the businesses whose representatives accept bribe, however it is also harmful for the civilisation as an entire. The occurrence of business corruption is intended as a amount of companies that presented cash, a gratitude or a service in return, in adding to every usual deal of any person who is working for a business entity from the private sector in any capacity, including the one through a mediator, happening to at minimum single juncture in the past 12 months previous to this research. The usual commonness of the business-to-corruption in the Republic of Macedonia is 3% compared to 4% at a regional level. While it is fewer than the regular pervasiveness of salaried briberies by enterprises to civic bureaucrats, this discovery designates that bribery in the secluded segment is a difficult in the Republic of Macedonia.

A Perfect Fit: Connecting Family Therapy Skills to Family Business Needs

Science.gov (United States)

Cole, Patricia M.; Johnson, Kit

2012-01-01

The purpose of this article is to encourage family therapists to become more interested in family business practice. It does so in three ways: (a) highlighting the number of therapists already involved in family business issues; (b) showing the parallels between family business and family therapy by applying family business research findings to…

Dynamic Business Collaboration in Supply Chains with Future Internet technologies

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Sundmaeker, H.; Verdouw, C.N.

2014-01-01

The European Future Internet Initiative, called FIWARE, targets in its final and third phase at acceleration of Small and Medium sized Enterprises (SME). The ‘FInish’ accelerator provides grants for realisation of intelligent systems and specifically business to business (B2B) oriented apps for

The Power of B2B Brands : A case study of how B2B companies in the forest industry can communicate sustainability through their Brand

OpenAIRE

Bålfors, Joakim; Ståhlspets, Johan

2016-01-01

Today’s B2B companies operate in a global business world that is characterised by product homogenisation and intense competition. Finding sources for differentiation and consequently competitive advantage is a concern that no company with a long-term horizon can ignore. The development of the brand, recognized as a strategic asset, has created new ways of conducting beneficial marketing management, which can lead to differentiation from competitors and create conditions for company success. T...

Mass Customized Technical Textiles in the B2B Sector

Science.gov (United States)

Gebhardt, R.; Barteld, M.; Grafmüller, L.; Mosig, T.; Weiß, M.

2017-10-01

Mass Customization is a great opportunity for textile companies for both staying competitive in high-wage countries and offering inexpensive, customized products. Within the area of Technical Textiles, this study focuses on the B2B sector and shows the status quo, potentials and strengths. Both management and technological issues are addressed. For the former, business models and the value co-creation process are dealt with, for the latter, the focus is on modelling.

Sosiaalinen media business to business markkinoinnissa

OpenAIRE

Tsinovski, Kosti

2010-01-01

Opinnäytetyö käsittelee sosiaalisen median käyttöä business to business -markkinoinnissa. Sosiaalista mediaa tarkastellaan kirjallisuuden, verkkolähteiden ja kirjoittajan omien kokemuksien ja näkemyksien pohjalta. Sosiaalisen median soveltuvuutta business to business -markkinointiin käsitellään edellä mainittujen lähteiden lisäksi yrityshaastattelujen pohjalta. Tavoitteena on pohtia sosiaalinen median soveltuvuutta business to business -markkinointiin. Lisäksi tavoitteena on perustella sosiaa...

6 CFR 5.8 - Business information.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 6 Domestic Security 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Business information. 5.8 Section 5.8 Domestic... Freedom of Information Act § 5.8 Business information. (a) In general. Business information obtained by... this section. (b) Definitions. For purposes of this section: (1) Business information means commercial...

Marketing B2B: mapeamento dos trabalhos acadêmicos no Brasil de 1998 a 2007 B2B MARKETING: MAPPING ACADEMIC PAPERS IN BRAZIL FROM 1998 TO 2007

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Beatriz Quaresma Mendonça

2010-08-01

Full Text Available O Marketing, ao mesmo tempo em que é rico por receber contribuições de áreas diversas, como Economia, Sociologia e Psicologia, dentre outras, ainda busca consolidar uma teoria própria. Nesse sentido, a classificação de trabalhos acadêmicos apresenta-se como importante para o mapeamento dos rumos em que o Marketing vem sendo trabalhado ao longo dos últimos anos no Brasil, assim como para o levantamento de tendências da área. Entender as características da compra organizacional é essencial para a criação de programas eficazes de marketing que atinjam os compradores deste mercado. Isso porque tais compradores não se comportam como os de mercado de consumo, apesar do objetivo na realização da compra ser o mesmo em ambos os casos – satisfazer uma necessidade. Os objetivos e as políticas singulares de uma organização estabelecem restrições especiais na tomada de decisão do comprador organizacional (KERIN et al., 2007. Este estudo buscou identificar os artigos da área de Marketing Business-to-Business (B2B publicados nos EnANPADs, RAE, RAC, READ e RAUSP no período de 1998 a 2007, verificando, apesar da pequena quantidade de trabalhos realizados, o número tem aumentado e, seguindo a tendência da literatura, as pesquisas estão se concentrando na área de marketing de relacionamento entre empresas.The Marketing discipline is influenced by several areas like Economics, Sociology and Psychology. However, it's still looking for an own theory. The scientific classification of papers becomes an important tool to find the way Marketing has been studied on last years in Brazil, as well as to find trends in this area. Understanding the organizational buying characteristics is mandatory in order to create efficient marketing programs that meet industry's buyers. This occurs because those buyers don't have the same behavior as individual consumers, despite the goal of a buying operation be the same - satisfaction of a need. The goals

Matchmaking for Business Processes based on Conjunctive Finite State Automata

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Wombacher, Andreas; Fankhauser, Peter; Mahleko, Bendick; Neuhold, Erich

2005-01-01

Web services have a potential to enhance B2B e-commerce over the internet by allowing companies and organisations to publish their business processes on service directories where potential trading partners can find them. This can give rise to new business paradigms based on ad-hoc trading relations

Electronic business and marketing new trends on its process and applications

CERN Document Server

Colomo-Palacios, Ricardo

2013-01-01

Electronic business today is not only business transactions supported in information and communication technologies; it is a new way of communicating and integrating with customers, suppliers, employees and other stakeholders. In this scenario, electronic business is now part of a wider economic context that is causing radical transformations in business and organizations including the entire value chain from customer service to supply chain management. One of the areas affected is marketing. Given that the new technologies have enabled firms to reach out to global customers and has provided them with the opportunity to customize their strategies and offerings in an unprecedented way, the dynamics of marketing must be surveyed in order to study the impact of new trends like mobile customer relationship management or mass customization on marketing function. This book provides an overview of the e-Business and Marketing areas by uniting various papers from these fields. “Electronic Business and Marketing” ...

Implement Fuzzy Logic to Optimize Electronic Business Success

OpenAIRE

Fahim Akhter

2016-01-01

Customers are realizing the importance and benefits of shopping online such as convenience, comparison, product research, larger selection, and lower prices. The dynamic nature of e-commerce evokes online businesses to make alterations in their business processes and decisions making to satisfy customers’ needs. Online businesses are adopting Business Intelligence (BI) tools and systems with the collaboration of fuzzy logic system to forecast the future of the e-commerce. With the aid of BI, ...

A Conceptual Framework for B2B Electronic Contracting

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Angelov, S.A.; Grefen, P.W.P.J.; Luis, M.; Camarinha, M.

Business-to-business e-contracting has gained attention in recent years as a way to improve traditional paper contracting. However, a complete framework specifying the aspects of improvement of traditional paper contracting and the new opportunities introduced by e-contracting still does not exist.

26 CFR 1.141-3 - Definition of private business use.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Definition of private business use. 1.141-3...-3 Definition of private business use. (a) General rule—(1) In general. The private business use test relates to the use of the proceeds of an issue. The 10 percent private business use test of section 141(b...

Differential Gender Performance on the Major Field Test-Business

Science.gov (United States)

Bielinska-Kwapisz, Agnieszka; Brown, F. William

2013-01-01

The Major Field Test in Business (MFT-B), a standardized assessment test of business knowledge among undergraduate business seniors, is widely used to measure student achievement. Many previous studies analyzing scores on the MFT-B report gender differences on the exam even after controlling for student's aptitude, general intellectual ability,…

Relating business modelling and enterprise architecture

OpenAIRE

Meertens, Lucas Onno

2013-01-01

This thesis proposes a methodology for creating business models, evaluating them, and relating them to enterprise architecture. The methodology consists of several steps, leading from an organization’s current situation to a target situation, via business models and enterprise architecture. Currently, increasing amounts of businesses rely on IT systems to do their business. However, success rates of IT implementations projects are low. Difficulties exist in aligning existing IT systems with b...

Structural, mechanical, and electronic properties of TaB2, TaB, IrB2, and IrB: First-principle calculations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhao Wenjie; Wang Yuanxu

2009-01-01

First-principle calculations were performed to investigate the structural, elastic, and electronic properties of TaB 2 , TaB, IrB 2 , and IrB. The calculated equilibrium structural parameters, shear modulus, and Young's modulus of TaB 2 are well consistent with the available experimental data, and TaB 2 with P6/mmm space group has stronger directional bonding between ions than WB 2 , OsB 2 , IrN 2 , and PtN 2 . For TaB 2 , the hexagonal P6/mmm structure is more stable than the orthorhombic Pmmn one, while for IrB 2 the orthorhombic Pmmn structure is the most stable one. The high shear modulus of P6/mmm phase TaB 2 is mainly due to the strong covalent π-bonding of B-hexagon in the (0001) plane. Such a B-hexagon network can strongly resist against an applied [112-bar0] (0001) shear deformation. Correlation between the hardness and the elastic constants of TaB 2 was discussed. The band structure shows that P6/mmm phase TaB 2 and Pmmn phase IrB 2 are both metallic. The calculations show that both TaB and IrB are elastically stable with the hexagonal P6 3 /mmc structure. - Elastic constant c 44 of TaB 2 is calculated to be 235 GPa. This value is exceptionally high, exceeding those of WB 2 , OsB 2 , WB 4 , OsN 2 , IrN 2 , and PtN 2 .

Cultural Dimensions of International Business

Science.gov (United States)

1991-09-01

Negotiations .. ...... ... 68 Section B: Management Practices .... 81 Section C: Communication . ....... .. 86 Findings: Business and Social Etiquette...all else, even family and friends Only observe tradition-. wben they don’t interfere with business ; if another method Traditios does a better job...culture, addresses the effects of culture on negotiations, management practices, and communication. The second area, business and social etiquette

PEER Business and Industry Partnership (BIP)

Science.gov (United States)

products laboratories publications nisee b.i.p. members education FAQs links bip members PEER Business and Industry Partnership (BIP) Current BIP members Joining the BIP Program Site Map Search PEER Business and PEER. For an annual donation, the PEER Business and Industry Partnership (BIP) involves members in PEER

Small Business Procurement Event

Science.gov (United States)

2014-08-13

Small Business Procurement Event 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK...NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) Department of the Navy,Office of Small Business Programs,720 Kennon...distribution unlimited 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES NDIA 27th Navy Gold Coast Small Business Procurement Event, 12-13 Aug 2014, San Diego, CA. 14. ABSTRACT

China's B2C e-commerce development and its future prospects

OpenAIRE

Jin, Guming

2012-01-01

China’s E-commerce environment is improving all the time. Consumers are getting more and more habituated to this form of consumption mode. The recent trend shows that China’s e- commerce market is booming mainly because of major enterprises’ fierce competition within Business To Customer E-commerce market. People are optimistic about B2C E-commerce which strengthens the China’s B2C E-commerce market. Even though E-commerce business in China is soaring, there still persists a problem, too. ...

Business-to-Business -markkinointistrategia sosiaalisessa mediassa

OpenAIRE

Kähärä, Karri

2011-01-01

Tämä opinnäytetyö keskittyy markkinointistrategian kehittämiseen business-to-business -yritykselle sosiaalisissa medioissa tapahtuvaa markkinointia varten. Opinnäytetyössä tarkastellaan sosiaalisia medioita ja markkinointistrategian luomista eri kirjallisuus- ja verkkolähteiden avulla. Opinnäytetyön tavoitteena on selvittää sosiaalisten medioiden mahdollisuuksia business-to-business -markkinointia harjoittavalle yritykselle ja kehittää konkreettinen markkinointi-suunnitelma sosiaalisissa medi...

Management of Business Transformation to Sustainable Business

OpenAIRE

Grunda, Rokas

2011-01-01

Having examined the concepts of sustainable business and advantages and disadvantages of business sustainability management models, the objective of the dissertation is to formulate a management model of business transformation to sustainable business and to verify it in present business conditions in Lithuania. In the dissertation, the essence of the concepts of sustainable development and sustainability is characterized, the criteria of sustainable society are distinguished and the concept ...

48 CFR 52.219-9 - Small business subcontracting plan.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... Clauses 52.219-9 Small business subcontracting plan. As prescribed in 19.708(b), insert the following clause: Small Business Subcontracting Plan (OCT 2010) (a) This clause does not apply to small business... business, and women-owned small business concerns. If the offeror is submitting an individual contract plan...

What is the Outcome of Selling in Business Relationships?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ritter, Thomas; Geersbro, Jens

2013-01-01

In a B2B context, interactions between buyers and sellers typically involve more than the transaction as firms develop business relationships of different kinds before, during and beyond the transactions. Beyond loosely coupled firms and weak ties, firms often take a relational approach to their ......In a B2B context, interactions between buyers and sellers typically involve more than the transaction as firms develop business relationships of different kinds before, during and beyond the transactions. Beyond loosely coupled firms and weak ties, firms often take a relational approach....... In this conceptual paper, we isolate “selling” from “relating” and discuss theoretical and managerial implications of these two different but highly connected processes....

Doing Business Economy Profile 2017 : Uruguay

OpenAIRE

World Bank Group

2016-01-01

This economy profile presents the Doing Business indicators for Uruguay. To allow useful comparison, it also provides data for other selected economies (comparator economies) for each indicator. Doing Business 2017 is the 14th in a series of annual reports investigating the regulations that enhance business activity and those that constrain it. Economies are ranked on their ease of doing b...

13 CFR 120.871 - Leasing part of Project Property to another business.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Leasing part of Project Property....871 Leasing part of Project Property to another business. (a) The costs of interior finishing of space to be leased out to another business are not eligible Project costs. (b) Third-party loan proceeds...

A perfect fit: connecting family therapy skills to family business needs.

Science.gov (United States)

Cole, Patricia M; Johnson, Kit

2012-06-01

The purpose of this article is to encourage family therapists to become more interested in family business practice. It does so in three ways: (a) highlighting the number of therapists already involved in family business issues; (b) showing the parallels between family business and family therapy by applying family business research findings to couples therapy; (c) discussing how family therapists already have the practice wisdom to be effective in working with family business clients. Limitations of this practice are also discussed along with suggestions for overcoming them. © 2012 American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy.

Defense programs business practices re-engineering QFD exercise

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Murray, C.; Halbleib, L.

1996-03-01

The end of the cold war has resulted in many changes for the Nuclear Weapons Complex (NWC). We now work in a smaller complex, with reduced resources, a smaller stockpile, and no new phase 3 weapons development programs. This new environment demands that we re-evaluate the way we design and produce nuclear weapons. The Defense Program (DP) Business Practices Re-engineering activity was initiated to improve the design and production efficiency of the DP Sector. The activity had six goals: (1) to identify DP business practices that are exercised by the Product Realization Process (PRP); (2) to determine the impact (positive, negative, or none) of these practices on defined, prioritized customer criteria; (3) to identify business practices that are candidates for elimination or re-engineering; (4) to select two or three business practices for re-engineering; (5) to re-engineer the selected business practices; and (6) to exercise the re-engineered practices on three pilot development projects. Business practices include technical and well as administrative procedures that are exercised by the PRP. A QFD exercise was performed to address (1)-(4). The customer that identified, defined, and prioritized the criteria to rate the business practices was the Block Change Advisory Group. Five criteria were identified: cycle time, flexibility, cost, product performance/quality, and best practices. Forty-nine business practices were identified and rated per the criteria. From this analysis, the group made preliminary recommendations as to which practices would be addressed in the re-engineering activity. Sixteen practices will be addressed in the re-engineering activity. These practices will then be piloted on three projects: (1) the Electronic Component Assembly (ECA)/Radar Project, (2) the B61 Mod 11, and (3) Warhead Protection Program (WPP)

Electronic and elastic properties of new semiconducting oP12-type RuB2 and OsB2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hao Xianfeng; Xu Yuanhui; Gao Faming

2011-01-01

Using first-principles total energy calculations we investigate the structural, elastic and electronic properties of new hypothetical oP 12 -type phase RuB 2 and OsB 2 . The calculations indicate that the oP 12 -type phase RuB 2 and OsB 2 are thermodynamically and mechanically stable. Remarkably, the new phases RuB 2 and OsB 2 are predicted to be semiconductors, and the appearance of band gaps is ascribed to the enhanced B-B covalent hybridization. Compared to metallic oP 6 -type RuB 2 and OsB 2 phases, the new phases possess similar mechanical properties and hardness. The combination of the probability of tunable electronic properties, strong stiffness and high hardness make RuB 2 and OsB 2 attractive and interesting for advanced applications.

Electronic Commerce: a battle on regulation, standards transportation media and business integration

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kim Andersen

1998-11-01

Full Text Available The drive towards the electronic commerce organisation is both a troublesome and a strifted path for government, enterprises and consumers worldwide. In this article we analyse the evolution of electronic commerce in Denmark during the period 1995-1998 from four perspectives: regulation, standards, transportation media and business integration. The Danish government is stimulating the use of electronic commerce using direct and indirect policy initiatives on central, governmental regulation and establishment of greens enabling self-regulation. Also, the governments own, organisational management is in Denmark seen as a mean to exalt electronic commerce. Onwards, the fist on proprietary standards and the UN/EDIFACT is an ongoing source of delaying, stimulating or reventing electronic commerce depending on the business sector and the size of market actor addressed. In Denmark, the direct access and value added network supporters have so far been the dominating mean to transport the electronic documents in the business transaction. The Internet and XML technology is at the turn of the century challenging the way of doing business within this field. Some view this as the big blue to speed the diffusion of electronic commerce; others are worried that the incentive to investment and pull the partners in the value chain to use EDI might be lost. Finally, our study conclude that the debate on business integration issues is ambiguous and characterised by substantial uncertainty on for example the role of intermediates, direct sale, hyper-shift in business partners and the pull/push of global enterprises at the local markets.

Understanding Business Majors' Learning Styles

Science.gov (United States)

Giordano, James; Rochford, Regina A.

2005-01-01

Recently, business education programs have experienced a decline in enrollment and an increase in attrition. To understand these issues and recommend solutions, the learning styles of 503 first-year business majors at an urban community college were examined. The results demonstrated that: (a) 94% of the participants were analytic learners; (b)…

Electronic and elastic properties of new semiconducting oP(12)-type RuB(2) and OsB(2).

Science.gov (United States)

Hao, Xianfeng; Xu, Yuanhui; Gao, Faming

2011-03-30

Using first-principles total energy calculations we investigate the structural, elastic and electronic properties of new hypothetical oP(12)-type phase RuB(2) and OsB(2). The calculations indicate that the oP(12)-type phase RuB(2) and OsB(2) are thermodynamically and mechanically stable. Remarkably, the new phases RuB(2) and OsB(2) are predicted to be semiconductors, and the appearance of band gaps is ascribed to the enhanced B-B covalent hybridization. Compared to metallic oP(6)-type RuB(2) and OsB(2) phases, the new phases possess similar mechanical properties and hardness. The combination of the probability of tunable electronic properties, strong stiffness and high hardness make RuB(2) and OsB(2) attractive and interesting for advanced applications. © 2011 IOP Publishing Ltd

A qualitative examination of lead scoring in B2B marketing automation, with a recommendation for its practice.

OpenAIRE

Lindahl, Elin

2017-01-01

Digital marketing has become an important part for companies in the process of attracting new customers. The digitalisation has led to substantial changes in the ways consumers and businesses search for information and do their research before making a purchase. A major shift has been observed regarding how digital communication influences the purchasing decision within the B2B sector. The purpose of this research project was to examine lead scoring in the perspective of B2B marketing automat...

Electronic Commerce in Tourism in China: B2B or B2C?

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Hongxiu; Suomi, Reima

E-commerce has significantly changed the distribution channels of travel products in the world including China. Online channels are growing important in travel service distribution. In China tourism industry has been developed rapidly with the economic development, more and more international travel service providers are trying to expand their Chinese market through the Internet. This paper sheds lights on the e-commerce development models in China for international travel service providers. It explores the current e-tourism in China from the three different participants in the value chain in tourism industry - consumer, travel agent and travel service provider. The paper also identifies the barriers in B2C arena in international outbound travel market, and discusses the possible approaches for international travel service providers to develop their e-commerce in the huge Chinese market. The results in this study reveal that international travel service providers should focus on B2B model to expand their electronic market in China. B2C development in tourism largely depends on the change of Chinese customers' behavior and the change of international tourism regulations. The findings of the study are expected to assist international travel service providers to understand current e-tourism in China and to support their planning for future e-commerce development in China.

International Business Research: Coauthorship Patterns and Quality

Science.gov (United States)

Chan, Kam C; Fung, Hung-Gay; Leung, Wai K.

2008-01-01

The authors investigate published international business research in four international business journals over a 10-year period, 1995-2004: (a) patterns of coauthorship across regions, and (b) the relation between coauthorship patterns and the quality of international business (IB) articles. A cross-region coauthorship enhances the quality of an…

The Impact of e-Business Strategy on Home-Based Business

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rosnafisah Sulaiman

2009-06-01

Full Text Available The Internet technology has brought major changes to the way business is conducted today. Many terms have been coined to represent the electronic concepts and applications such as e-Business and e-Commerce terms. These terms are commonly used to represent the new transformation of business processes and transactions. In Malaysia, e-Business adoption has not only captured the interest of large organizations but it has also been acknowledged and adopted by small, medium and micro sized enterprises. Implementing e-Business requires significant changes in the company’s structure, culture, strategy, procedures and responsibilities. However, the challenges never stop people from venturing into this new business concept. The aim of this study is to look into e-Business potential for micro sized businesses that operates from home. In this study both qualitative and quantitative method are used. This paper present a review of the literature pertaining to e-Business, home-based business, the qualitative study and the early findings from the study.

Research in business ethics

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

G.J. Rossouw

2001-08-01

Full Text Available Research in business ethics is vital for the expansion and credibility of this fairly recent academic field. This article argues that there are three factors that are crucially important for research in business ethics. They are (a the ontological assumptions that research in this field is premised upon, (b the choice of research strategies and methodologies and (c the role of theory in research practice. Each of these three factors is explored and pitfalls relating to each of them are identified. The article also suggests guidelines for dealing with each of these factors in business ethics research.

E-Clubbing:  New Trends in Business Process Outsourcing

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Carugati, Andrea; Rossignoli, Cacilia; Mola, Lapo

2008-01-01

as players that leverage new technologies to facilitate B2B internet-mediated relationships. Nowadays these players are enlarging their services, from simple intermediation to include the outsourcing of entire business processes. Using a longitudinal qualitative field study of an e-marketplace providing...... consequence, the e-marketplace assumes the paradoxical role of an agent who heightens the fences of the transactions instead of leveling them. Based on these first results we conclude with implications for the technology mediated Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) practice....

Procedures for Electronic Analysis of Business Reports of 33 Afro-American Transnational Entrepreneurs

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Decker, Arnim

The sample was derived from from the ADM 2015 event (American Diaspora Marketplace). The US Federal Government undertakes a yearly business competition with the aim to enhance entrepreneurship in Africa. We conducted a feasibility study to test electronic text mining in the field...... of entrepreneurship research. Text Mining is useful for extracting high-quality information from text by devising patterns and trends. We created 3 types of representations: A) Dendrogram, B) Word cloud of most used words (here one document only), and C) bar chart of words with highest semantic significance (here one...... document only). Tre results show that electronic textmining is a useful tool, however methods for unsupervised text analysis can be difficult to interpret....

IMPACT OF COMMITMENT TO BUSINESS ETHICS TO NONFINANCIAL BUSINESS PERFORMANCE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Silvija Vig

2016-03-01

Full Text Available The article investigates the relationship between commitment to business ethics and nonfinancial business performance. Data of commitment to business ethics and nonfinancial business performance were collected from 100 participants through a questionnaire survey. The survey was conducted in 2015 in Croatian large and medium sized companies. The questionnaire for assessing commitment to business ethics contained nine different dimensions while the nonfinancial business performance contained three dimensions: client satisfaction, human resource management plus innovativeness and efficiency of business processes. Multiple regression methods were applied in the analysis. The empirical results of three multiple linear regression models show that certain dimension of commitment to business ethics had a positive influence on the nonfinancial performance of the companies. Motivation and rewarding policy for ethical behavior and responding to unethical behavior, as a dimension of commitment to business ethics, has distinctive effects on all three nonfinancial performance dimensions. It was also found that selecting suppliers based on the standards of ethics and compliance has a positive and strong influence on client satisfaction while using ethical criteria in the performance and efficiency evaluation of employees has a positive and significant influence on innovativeness and efficiency of business processes. This research leads to the conclusion that some dimensions of commitment to business ethics can be important predictors of nonfinancial business performance. Therefore, results of the research could be considered as valid motivation for further improvement of commitment to ethics in the business environment.

37 CFR 1.2 - Business to be transacted in writing.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... Correspondence § 1.2 Business to be transacted in writing. All business with the Patent and Trademark Office... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Business to be transacted in writing. 1.2 Section 1.2 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE...

37 CFR 2.191 - Business to be transacted in writing.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... Trademark Cases § 2.191 Business to be transacted in writing. All business with the Office should be... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Business to be transacted in writing. 2.191 Section 2.191 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE...

48 CFR 252.219-7004 - Small business subcontracting plan (test program).

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Small business... AND CONTRACT CLAUSES Text of Provisions And Clauses 252.219-7004 Small business subcontracting plan (test program). As prescribed in 219.708(b)(1)(B), use the following clause: Small Business...

Developing "Green" Business Plans: Using Entrepreneurship to Teach Science to Business Administration Majors and Business to Biology Majors

Science.gov (United States)

Letovsky, Robert; Banschbach, Valerie S.

2011-01-01

Biology majors team with business administration majors to develop proposals for "green" enterprise for a business plan competition. The course begins with a series of student presentations so that science students learn about the fundamentals of business, and business students learn about environmental biology. Then mixed biology-business student…

Views on personal networks and business opportunities

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Windekilde, Iwona Maria; Roswall, Rune

2009-01-01

opportunities. The aim has been to examine new business opportunities PNs. This work consists of three main elements: a) classification and categorisation of different business opportunity areas, b) an overview of relevant Industry trends, c) explanation of stakeholder opportunities and the strategies......The EU project MAGNET-Beyond has examined the business opportunities regarding Personal Networks (PN) for the typical value network stakeholders. In the current communication markets, companies deliver services to customers in cooperation with other market players profiting on different business...

48 CFR 52.219-22 - Small Disadvantaged Business Status.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

.... Status as a small business and status as a small disadvantaged business for general statistical purposes... Business Status. 52.219-22 Section 52.219-22 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION... Clauses 52.219-22 Small Disadvantaged Business Status. As prescribed in 19.308(b), insert the following...

Spirituality in business: Sparks from the Anvil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

B. Mahadevan

2013-06-01

Full Text Available The economic crises in the recent past have led to a renewed interest in exploring the role of spirituality in business management. However there are several challenges in understanding what “spirituality” means in an operational sense of business management. This article first traces the research in the area of spirituality as applied to business and in the second part, reports on the beliefs of Suresh B. Hundre, Chairman and MD of Polyhydron Pvt. Ltd, Belgaum, India, as practised in Polyhydron, a company known for its ethical management, and where the concept of “Business Ashrama” integrates spirituality into business.

A Study on Teaching Business Communication/English in Indian Classroom

Science.gov (United States)

Devimeenakshi, K.; Tyagi, Sarika

2013-01-01

The aim of this article is to discuss teaching Business Communication in classroom to Business Administration degree programme students. Indeed, teaching Business Communication in classroom was a different experience when compared with Technical English for B.Tech students. The syllabus for Business Communication (English) was also peculiar…

e-Business and e-Commerce

OpenAIRE

Moriset , Bruno

2018-01-01

preprint for: International Encyclopedia of Human Geography, 2 nd éd. Elsevier; This article presents the fundamentals of e-business and e-commerce and their relations with geography. Electronic platforms and marketplaces provide economies of scale and network effects. E-business gives value chains a high degree of organizational (outsourcing) and locational (offshoring) flexibility, and firms can purchase intermediate goods and business services on a global basis. The rise of e-business shap...

Extending TAM and IDT to Predict the Adoption of the Internet for B-to-B Marketing Activities: An Empirical Study of UK Companies

OpenAIRE

Riyad Eid

2009-01-01

There has been considerable Research into the usage of the Internet for Business-to-Business (B-to-B) marketing activities in recent years. The need to understand how and why B-to-B companies utilize the Internet is important for researchers and practitioners alike. This study combines Davis’ model-the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)- and Roger’s Theory- the Innovation diffusion Theory (IDT) to understand the process of Internet adoption for marketing purposes. It makes a comprehensive ...

BUSINESS ENGLISH COURSES ONLINE SUPPORT

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

KUČÍRKOVÁ, Lenka

2011-12-01

Full Text Available The paper deals with the project called Online Study Support for the Subject of Business English within the Fund of Higher Education Development of the Czech Republic. It will be created in the form of a twelve-module course in the Moodle Learning Management System (LMS on the B1 level of the Common European Framework of References for Languages. Moodle is an open source Virtual Learning Environment which is free, developed by a worldwide community and is used for study purposes. It allows the teachers to create online courses and the students to enrol in them. The course is focused on the development of business and economic terminology, on reading comprehension, listening comprehension and the work with up-to-date authentic audio-visual materials. The course comprises the topics such as business and its basic terms, business letters, business organizations, macroeconomics and microeconomics, personnel management, marketing, email, accounting and finance etc. Single units have the following structure: lead in, key words and definitions, specialist material, various activities such as filling in the gaps, multiple choice, matching, word formation, word order etc. These electronic activities are created in the most famous authoring tool in our field called Hot Potatoes, they can be stored on a central server and accessed from anywhere through the Internet. Online support will be intended for students of all faculties and fields of study at the Czech University of Life Sciences (CULS in Prague, including incoming Erasmus students and academic staff as well as the students of other universities.

Taking Business Intelligence to Business Education Curriculum: Graduate Students’ Concerns

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Philip Kissi

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Business intelligence systems are widely employed in industries. However, students concerns about Business Intelligence course are largely missed in the business education curriculum. To take a proper decision on Business intelligence integration in business education, it is important to understand students’ concerns. This study employed a survey questionnaire to investigate 142 graduate students concerns about integrating business intelligence into business education curriculum. The survey questionnaire was adopted from previous studies to measure students’ concerns on a Business Intelligence job opportunity, interest and relevance in the Business intelligence education. The survey items have a reliability scales of Cronbach’s alpha (α = 0.818, factor loading > 0.5, and Average Variance Extracted (AVE ≥ 0.5, and Composite Reliability (CR ≥ 0.6. Descriptive statistics and Independent sample t-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA test were performed on the survey data. Students revealed that Business intelligence knowledge is relevant (mean = 4.29, SD = 0.710, has several job opportunities (mean = 4.16, SD = 0.675, and should be integrated into business education curriculum (mean = 3.95.08, SD = 0.79. In addition, there was no statistically significant difference (t (140 = –0.027, p > 0.05 between the concerns of students with Business Intelligence lecture experience and those without. Further, perceived importance and job opportunity significantly, F = 24.601 and p = .000(< .05 relates to the Business intelligence integration in Business Education. The findings draw implications for university management and business institutions in updating curriculum so as to equip business students with the essential Business Intelligence knowledge and skills for the betterment of the business organizations.

26 CFR 53.4943-10 - Business enterprise; definition.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 17 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Business enterprise; definition. 53.4943-10...) MISCELLANEOUS EXCISE TAXES (CONTINUED) FOUNDATION AND SIMILAR EXCISE TAXES Taxes on Excess Business Holdings § 53.4943-10 Business enterprise; definition. (a) In general. (1) Except as provided in paragraph (b...

Lifting business process diagrams to 2.5 dimensions

Science.gov (United States)

Effinger, Philip; Spielmann, Johannes

2010-01-01

In this work, we describe our visualization approach for business processes using 2.5 dimensional techniques (2.5D). The idea of 2.5D is to add the concept of layering to a two dimensional (2D) visualization. The layers are arranged in a three-dimensional display space. For the modeling of the business processes, we use the Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN). The benefit of connecting BPMN with a 2.5D visualization is not only to obtain a more abstract view on the business process models but also to develop layering criteria that eventually increase readability of the BPMN model compared to 2D. We present a 2.5D Navigator for BPMN models that offers different perspectives for visualization. Therefore we also develop BPMN specific perspectives. The 2.5D Navigator combines the 2.5D approach with perspectives and allows free navigation in the three dimensional display space. We also demonstrate our tool and libraries used for implementation of the visualizations. The underlying general framework for 2.5D visualizations is explored and presented in a fashion that it can easily be used for different applications. Finally, an evaluation of our navigation tool demonstrates that we can achieve satisfying and aesthetic displays of diagrams stating BPMN models in 2.5D-visualizations.

The role of trust in the transition from traditional to electronic B2B relationships in agri-food chains

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Canavari, M.; Fritz, M.; Hofstede, G.J.; Matopoulos, A.; Vlachopoulou, M.

2010-01-01

E-business adoption rates in the agri-food sector are rather low, despite the fact that technical barriers have been mostly overcome during the last years and a large number of sophisticated offers are available. However, concerns about trust seem to impede the development of electronic

Care coordination in a business-to-business and a business-to-consumer model for telemonitoring patients with chronic diseases.

Science.gov (United States)

Grustam, Andrija S; Vrijhoef, Hubertus; Cordella, Antonio; Koymans, Ron; Severens, Johan L

2017-12-01

For telemonitoring to support care coordination, a sound business model is conditional. The aim of this study is to explore the systemic and economic differences in care coordination via business-to-business and business-to-consumer models for telemonitoring patients with chronic diseases. We performed a literature search in order to design the business-to-business and business-to-consumer telemonitoring models, and to assess the design elements and themes by applying the activity system theory, and describe the transaction costs in each model. The design elements are content, structure, and governance, while the design themes are novelty, lock-in, complementarities, and efficiency. In the transaction cost analysis, we looked into all the elements of a transaction in both models. Care coordination in the business-to-business model is designed to be organized between the places of activity, rather than the participants in the activity. The design of the business-to-business model creates a firm lock-in but for a limited time. In the business-to-consumer model, the interdependencies are to be found between the persons in the care process and not between the places of care. The differences between the models were found in both the design elements and the design themes. Care coordination in the business-to-business and business-to-consumer models for telemonitoring chronic diseases differs in principle in terms of design elements and design themes. Based on the theoretical models, the transaction costs could potentially be lower in the business-to-consumer model than in the business-to-business, which could be a promoting economic principle for the implementation of telemonitoring.

How to Locate Business Opportunities at the Office of Naval Research

Science.gov (United States)

2012-08-01

Click to edit Master title style How  to  Locate  Business  Opportuni2es  at   the   Office  of  Naval  Research     Navy...4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE How to Locate Business Opportunities at the Office of Naval Research 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM...Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-18 The Office of Naval Research’s (ONR) mission – defined by law – “…is to plan, foster and encourage scientific research

e-Business Innovation: The Next Decade

Science.gov (United States)

Marca, David A.

Innovation is invention or application of technologies or theories that radically alters business and the economy. For many years, innovation and the economy have been locked in 80-year cycles, which might imply that innovation is an economic driver, and vice versa. Based on this, some forecast that innovation and the economy might decrease sharply due to several forces: a) decreasing economic growth, b) increasing demand for custom services, c) more entrepreneurial work environments, and d) urban and environmental degradation. Should such forecasts hold true, business may need to alter its offerings, operations and organization to survive. Such a scenario may also require applied e-Business innovation by combining existing internet, wireless, broadband, and video technologies. One possible result: flexible front offices integrated with efficient back offices. Such an e-Business could comprise: a) a customer-based and transaction-based organization, b) functions for adaptive offerings that anticipate need, c) highly responsive, real-time, operations having no inventory, and d) value-based front-end, and automated back-end, decision making.

Bond deformation paths and electronic instabilities of ultraincompressible transition metal diborides: Case study of OsB2 and IrB2

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, R. F.; Legut, D.; Wen, X. D.; Veprek, S.; Rajan, K.; Lookman, T.; Mao, H. K.; Zhao, Y. S.

2014-09-01

The energetically most stable orthorhombic structure of OsB2 and IrB2 is dynamically stable for OsB2 but unstable for IrB2. Both diborides have substantially lower shear strength in their easy slip systems than their metal counterparts. This is attributed to an easy sliding facilitated by out-of-plane weakening of metallic Os-Os bonds in OsB2 and by an in-plane bond splitting instability in IrB2. A much higher shear resistance of Os-B and B-B bonds than Os-Os ones is found, suggesting that the strengthened Os-B and B-B bonds are responsible for hardness enhancement in OsB2. In contrast, an in-plane electronic instability in IrB2 limits its strength. The electronic structure of deformed diborides suggests that the electronic instabilities of 5d orbitals are their origin of different bond deformation paths. Neither IrB2 nor OsB2 can be intrinsically superhard.

Impact of Service Extension and Services Interaction on B2b Sales: A Temporal Investigation Into Fuels’ Category

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcos Inacio Severo de Almeida

2014-11-01

Full Text Available The scope of services marketing has a theoretical and empirical gap that refers to the impact of the provision of services on sales. This research opportunity is routinely highlighted in theoretical proposals such as the Augmented Service Offering (ASO, Innovation in Services (IS and Service Dominant Logic (SDL, which require alternative measures of combinations of product and service and the possible effects that these arrangements may cause. This article aims to investigate the impact of the extension and the interaction of services on Business to Business (B2B sales. Three hypotheses were tested with data from the fuel sector. Research was operationalized based on secondary data, ceded by an energy company, which comprise sales of regular and premium gasoline of this company to 19 gas stations along 27 months, totaling 513 observations. The study involved the construction of a generalized linear model with balanced, long and random effects panel structure. The three hypotheses were supported, identifying how the extensive principle of service contributes to the increased performance and conclude the existence of a direct, linear and positive impact of extension and interaction of services on B2B sales.

Global Employer and Business Associations

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ronit, Karsten

2016-01-01

Global employer and business associations at the peak level are neglected in research, but this paper argues that it is possible to develop collective action and represent interests in many policy fields through these encompassing entities, and they add to other forms of global business coordinat......Global employer and business associations at the peak level are neglected in research, but this paper argues that it is possible to develop collective action and represent interests in many policy fields through these encompassing entities, and they add to other forms of global business...... coordination. This study analyses all the global peak associations (International Chamber of Commerce, International Organisation of Employers, World Chambers Federation, Business and Industry Advisory Committee to the OECD, B20 Coalition, World Economic Forum and World Business Council for Sustainable...... leadership functions, while global associations meet a variety of demands from their diverse constituencies and assist members in building capacities. These relations take many different forms, but they are important in all global associations, and the analysis of these patterns of collective action have...

Characteristics and Effectiveness of the U.S. State E-Government-to-Business Services

Science.gov (United States)

Zhao, Jensen J.; Truell, Allen; Alexander, Melody W.

2008-01-01

This study examined the user-interface characteristics and effectiveness of the e-government-to-business (G2B) sites of the 50 U.S. states and Washington, D.C. A group of 306 online users were trained to assess the sites. The findings indicate that the majority of the state G2B sites included the user-interface characteristics that provided online…

Brand Management in Business-to-Business Context : Relational Perspective

OpenAIRE

Siponen, Jere

2012-01-01

It is a common belief among managers that branding is only useful in Business-to-Consumer markets and not in Business-to-Business. These managers think that the Busi-ness-to-Business rational and unemotional buying decision-making process cannot be affected by brand because it is only concerned with features, price, quality and so on. This is incorrect information. The possibility to choose between competitors has grown during time and this has expanded the traditional view of branding. A tru...

26 CFR 54.4980B-9 - Business reorganizations and employer withdrawals from multiemployer plans.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

...-9 Business reorganizations and employer withdrawals from multiemployer plans. The following... multiemployer plans: Q-1: For purposes of this section, what are a business reorganization, a stock sale, and an... 26 Internal Revenue 17 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Business reorganizations and employer...

An Evaluation of Critical Thinking Competencies in Business Settings

Science.gov (United States)

Dwyer, Christopher P.; Boswell, Amy; Elliott, Mark A.

2015-01-01

Although critical thinking (CT) skills are usually considered as domain general (Gabbenesch, 2006; Halpern, 2003), CT ability may benefit from expertise knowledge and skill. The current study examined both general CT ability and CT ability related to business scenarios for individuals (a) expert in business, (b) novice in business, and (c) with no…

Managing Tensions Between New and Existing Business Models

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sund, Kristian J.; Bogers, Marcel; Villarroel Fernandez, Juan Andrei

2016-01-01

Exploring new business models may be a good way to stay competitive, but doing so can create tensions internally, in areas such as organizational structure and competition for resources. Companies exploring business model innovation may not recognize the inevitability of these tensions and thus b...... be poorly prepared to manage them. But understanding these issues may lessen some of the organizational challenges associated with business model innovation....

A Stakeholder Analysis of Business-to-Government Information Sharing : The Governance of a Public-Private Platform

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Klievink, A.J.; Janssen, M.F.W.H.A.; Tan, Y.H.

2012-01-01

ICT enables business-to-government (b-to-g) information exchange, which can be used to enhance control and compliance by businesses. However, sharing information can cause resistance by businesses, as for them information is key to competitive advantage, whereas governments need this information to

Learning Theories Applied to the Teaching of Business Communication.

Science.gov (United States)

Hart, Maxine Barton

1980-01-01

Reviews major learning theories that can be followed by business communication instructors, including those by David Ausubel, Albert Bandura, Kurt Lewin, Edward Thorndike, B.F. Skinner, and Robert Gagne. (LRA)

The State of Business Communication Classes: A National Survey

Science.gov (United States)

Moshiri, Farrokh; Cardon, Peter

2014-01-01

This nationwide study of 169 business communication instructors examines the following issues: (a) ideal and actual class sizes in business communication courses, (b) delivery modes of business communication courses, (c) types of written and oral assignments, and (d) topics covered and depth of coverage. Findings suggest that business…

13 CFR 123.201 - When am I not eligible to apply for a physical disaster business loan?

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... farming and agriculture-related industries. (b) Sometimes a damaged business entity (whether in the form... consequence of the disaster; (2) A change in the demographics of your business area within 18 months prior to the disaster, or as a result of the disaster, which makes it uneconomical to continue operations in...

48 CFR 1552.235-75 - Access to Toxic Substances Control Act Confidential Business Information (APR 1996).

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... Control Act Confidential Business Information (APR 1996). 1552.235-75 Section 1552.235-75 Federal... Confidential Business Information (APR 1996). As prescribed in 1535.007(b), insert the following provision: Access to Toxic Substances Control Act Confidential Business Information (APR 1996) In order to perform...

Value increasing business model for e-hospital.

Science.gov (United States)

Null, Robert; Wei, June

2009-01-01

This paper developed a business value increasing model for electronic hospital (e-hospital) based on electronic value chain analysis. From this model, 58 hospital electronic business (e-business) solutions were developed. Additionally, this paper investigated the adoption patterns of these 58 e-business solutions within six US leading hospitals. The findings show that only 36 of 58 or 62% of the e-business solutions are fully or partially implemented within the six hospitals. Ultimately, the research results will be beneficial to managers and executives for accelerating e-business adoptions for e-hospital.

Electronic structure, Fermi surface and optical properties of metallic compound Be8(B48)B2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Reshak, A.H.; Azam, Sikander; Alahmed, Z.A.; Chyský, Jan

2014-01-01

The band structure, density of states, electronic charge density, Fermi surface and optical properties for B 8 (Be 48 )B 2 compound has been investigated in the support of density functional theory (DFT). The atomic positions of B 8 (Be 48 )B 2 compound were optimized by minimization of the forces acting on the atoms using the full potential linear augmented plane wave (FPLAPW) method. We have employed the local density approximation (LDA), generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and Engal-Vosko GGA (EVGGA) to indulgence the exchange correlation potential by solving Kohn–Sham equations. The result shows that the compound is metallic with sturdy hybridization near the Fermi energy level (E F ). The density of states at Fermi energy, N(E F ), is determined by the overlaping between B-p, B-s and Be-s states. This overlaping is strong enough indicating metallic origin with different values of N(E F ). These values are 16.4, 16.27 and 14.89 states/eV, and the corresponding bare linear low-temperature electronic specific heat coefficient (γ) is found to be 2.84, 2.82 and 2.58 mJ/mol K 2 for EVGGA, GGA and LDA respectively. There exists a strong hybridization between B-s and B-p states, also between B-s and Be-p states around the Fermi level. The Fermi surface is composed of three sheets. These sheets consist of set of holes and electrons. The bonding features of the compounds are analyzed using the electronic charge density in the (101 and −101) crystallographic planes and also the analyzing of charge density shows covalent bonding between B and B. The linear optical properties are also deliberated and discussed in particulars. - Highlights: • The compound is metallic. • The density of states at the Fermi energy is calculated. • The bare linear low-temperature electronic specific heat coefficient is obtained. • Fermi surface is composed of three sheets. • The bonding features are analyzed using the electronic charge density

48 CFR 1552.235-71 - Treatment of confidential business information.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... business information. 1552.235-71 Section 1552.235-71 Federal Acquisition Regulations System ENVIRONMENTAL... Clauses 1552.235-71 Treatment of confidential business information. As prescribed in 1535.007-70(b... determined that in the performance of a contract, EPA may furnish confidential business information to the...

Business model innovation in the water sector in developing countries.

Science.gov (United States)

Gebauer, Heiko; Saul, Caroline Jennings

2014-08-01

Various technologies have been deployed in household devices or micro-water treatment plants for mitigating fluoride and arsenic, and thereby provide safe and affordable drinking water in low-income countries. While the technologies have improved considerably, organizations still face challenges in making them financially sustainable. Financial sustainability questions the business models behind these water technologies. This article makes three contributions to business models in the context of fluoride and arsenic mitigation. Firstly, we describe four business models: A) low-value devices given away to people living in extreme poverty, B) high-value devices sold to low-income customers, C) communities as beneficiaries of micro-water treatment plants and D) entrepreneurs as franchisees for selling water services and highlight the emergence of hybrid business models. Secondly, we show current business model innovations such as cost transparency & cost reductions, secured & extended water payments, business diversification and distribution channels. Thirdly, we describe skills and competencies as part of capacity building for creating even more business model innovations. Together, these three contributions will create more awareness of the role of business models in scaling-up water treatment technologies. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Big data-driven business how to use big data to win customers, beat competitors, and boost profits

CERN Document Server

Glass, Russell

2014-01-01

Get the expert perspective and practical advice on big data The Big Data-Driven Business: How to Use Big Data to Win Customers, Beat Competitors, and Boost Profits makes the case that big data is for real, and more than just big hype. The book uses real-life examples-from Nate Silver to Copernicus, and Apple to Blackberry-to demonstrate how the winners of the future will use big data to seek the truth. Written by a marketing journalist and the CEO of a multi-million-dollar B2B marketing platform that reaches more than 90% of the U.S. business population, this book is a comprehens

12 CFR 980.2 - Limitation on Bank authority to undertake new business activities.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... business activities. 980.2 Section 980.2 Banks and Banking FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE BOARD NEW FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK ACTIVITIES NEW BUSINESS ACTIVITIES § 980.2 Limitation on Bank authority to undertake new business activities. No Bank shall undertake any new business activity except in accordance with the...

26 CFR 301.7701-2 - Business entities; definitions.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 18 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Business entities; definitions. 301.7701-2...) PROCEDURE AND ADMINISTRATION PROCEDURE AND ADMINISTRATION Definitions § 301.7701-2 Business entities; definitions. (a) Business entities. For purposes of this section and § 301.7701-3, a business entity is any...

18 CFR 284.12 - Standards for pipeline business operations and communications.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... following ways to be chosen by the affected party: Internet E-Mail or direct notification to the party's... transports gas under subparts B or G of this part must comply with the following business practice and... corrections applied December 13, 2006); and (vii) Internet Electronic Transport Related Standards (Version 1.8...

Throw Away that Telework Manual!' - the Limitations of Existing Telework Literature in the B2C e-Business Context

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Gani, Zoohan

2004-01-01

... failing to consider the different circumstances of the individual teleworkers. This paper reports on the pilot study that examined telework in the business-to-consumer e-business application as part of a Ph.D. study...

MODEL OF MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS EFFECTIVENESS IN THE BUSINESS-TO-BUSINESS MARKETS

OpenAIRE

Jerman, Damjana; Završnik, Bruno

2012-01-01

Much of the research into marketing communications has focused on the consumer market with little regard to date for the business-to-business market. This paper focuses on a development and testing of a model of marketing communication effectiveness in the business-to-business market. Building on past research from the marketing communications and business-to-business marketing literature, the model (which incorporates facets of the marketing communication objectives, bidirectional communicat...

Business komunikace v poštovních službách

OpenAIRE

Becková, Helena

2016-01-01

Příspěvek se zabývá problematikou komunikace, se zaměřením na business komunikaci. Nejprve zdůrazňuje význam business komunikace pro úspěšnost podnikání. V rámci obecných principů komunikace se věnuje komunikačním dovednostem, pravidlům, která vedou k efektivní komunikaci, a jejich využití v business komunikaci. V následující části jsou zmíněny další aspekty business komunikace, jako jsou komunikační typy, komunikační styly, vyjednávání či konflikty. V příspěvku je vysvětlena důležitost busin...

Electronic and elastic properties of new semiconducting oP{sub 12}-type RuB{sub 2} and OsB{sub 2}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hao Xianfeng; Xu Yuanhui; Gao Faming, E-mail: xfhao1980@yahoo.com.cn [Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004 (China)

2011-03-30

Using first-principles total energy calculations we investigate the structural, elastic and electronic properties of new hypothetical oP{sub 12}-type phase RuB{sub 2} and OsB{sub 2}. The calculations indicate that the oP{sub 12}-type phase RuB{sub 2} and OsB{sub 2} are thermodynamically and mechanically stable. Remarkably, the new phases RuB{sub 2} and OsB{sub 2} are predicted to be semiconductors, and the appearance of band gaps is ascribed to the enhanced B-B covalent hybridization. Compared to metallic oP{sub 6}-type RuB{sub 2} and OsB{sub 2} phases, the new phases possess similar mechanical properties and hardness. The combination of the probability of tunable electronic properties, strong stiffness and high hardness make RuB{sub 2} and OsB{sub 2} attractive and interesting for advanced applications.

Empirical testing of selected critical success factors in CRM implementation projects - A study of SMEs in the B2B sector

OpenAIRE

Röschmann, Kathrin; Ziyadullaeva, Muhayyo

2011-01-01

Purpose:The purpose of this thesis is to describe and analyze critical success factors of CRM implementation projects with a special focus on SME’s in the B2B sector.  Method: This study is based on quantitative research using survey method.  Target Audience: SMEs of B2B business, which are planning to implement a CRM system Academic audience, which is interested in CRM implementation with focus on SME.  Conclusion: There are various critical success factors in CRM implementation projects and...

Marketing communications in industrial B2b markets enhancing the value of the corporate brand relying on common added values

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jose Ignacio Monrabal

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Today, industrial Business-to-Business (B2B markets are mainly characterized by a highly trained customer for making rational decisions in a highly competitive and global market, requiring more than ever organizations to approach their markets with a single and consistent message. Such demanding scenario requires to define a corporate brand transmitting in one message all the advantages that a Customer may appreciate in the long-term, based not only on what the company stands for in the market, but also the benefits of all its products throughout its portfolio. Such elements are referred as Common Added Values (CAVs, being some general examples the technology, quality, innovation and reliability; the capacity, infrastructure and distribution network; after-sales service policies, support and training; or the price and financial policies. This paper tries to explain the source of this need, describing the main differences between a brand communications model focused on the product or including the main B2B corporate values; and highlighting the main CAVs, to get an industry player either small or large, can succeed in generating brand equity through an integrated marketing communications strategy.

The effectiveness of marketing communications on the business-to-business markets

OpenAIRE

Žabkar, Vesna; Završnik, Bruno; Jerman, Damjana

2015-01-01

The composition of communication mix and the integration of the different instruments vary with time and also depend on type of product market (consumer or business-to-business). This paper focuses on a development and testing of the model of marketing communication effectiveness in the business-to-business market. Building on past research from the marketing communications and business-to-business marketing literatures, the model (which incorporates concepts of the source of communication, c...

Strategic and Operational Benefits of Electronic Integration in B2B Procurement Processes

OpenAIRE

Tridas Mukhopadhyay; Sunder Kekre

2002-01-01

Our goal is to assess the strategic and operational benefits of electronic integration for industrial procurement. We conduct a field study with an industrial supplier and examine the drivers of performance of the procurement process. Our research quantifies both the operational and strategic impacts of electronic integration in a B2B procurement environment for a supplier. Additionally, we show that the customer also obtains substantial benefits from efficient procurement transaction process...

Dynamic pricing models for electronic business

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

R. Narasimhan (Krishtel eMaging) 1461 1996 Oct 15 13:05:22

learning. We present a detailed example of an e-business market to show the ... to auction based models and §6 is devoted to game theoretic models. ..... Machine learning models: An e-business market provides a rich playground for online.

The development of B.N.F.L.'S MOX fuel supply business

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Edwards, J.; Brown, C.; Marshall, S.J.; Connell, M.; Thompson, H.

1998-01-01

In 1990 BNFL developed a strategy to become one of the world leading MOX fuel suppliers. This strategy involved the design, construction and operation of a small scale demonstration plant known as the MOX Demonstration Facility (MDF) and a large scale facility known as the Sellafield MOX Plant (SMP). To support the development of these facilities, BNFL developed a new MOX fuel fabrication process known as the Short Binderless Route (SBR). Since the 1990 decision was made, the company has successfully built, commissioned and operated the MDF, and has designed, built and is in the process of commissioning the 120 t(HM)/year SMP. The scale of the business has thus developed significantly and the direction and prospects for the future of the business are clear and well understood, with the focus being on the use of BNFL technology to produce quality MOX fuel to meet customers' requirements. This paper reviews the development of BNFL's MOX business and describes the technology being used in the state of the art SMP. The paper also explains the approach taken to commission the plant and how key safety features have been incorporated into the design. Up to date information on the performance of Short Binderless Route fuel is provided, and the future development of the business is discussed. (author)

Semantic Expression and Execution of B2B Contracts on Multimedia Content

Science.gov (United States)

Rodríguez-Doncel, Víctor; Delgado, Jaime

Business to business commerce of audiovisual material can be governed by electronic contracts, in the same way as digital licenses govern business to consumer transactions. The digital licenses for end users have been expressed either in proprietary formats or in standard Rights Expression Languages and they can be seen as the electronic replacement of distribution contracts and end user licenses. However, these languages fail to replace the rest of the contracts agreed along the complete Intellectual Property value chain. To represent their corresponding electronic counterpart licenses, a schema based on the standard eContracts and the Media Value Chain Ontology is presented here. It has been conceived to deal with a broader set of parties, to handle typical clauses found in the audiovisual market contracts, and to govern every transaction performed on IP objects.

FAMILY BUSINESSES AND THE DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED BY

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alessandra Martins

2009-05-01

Full Text Available There are few family owned businesses that survive to the next generation. In general, 30% of these businesses are passed on to second generation families and less than 15% survive to third generation families. There has been little research done on third generation family businesses. Therefore the main purpose of this paper is to identify the principal difficulties of passing on managerial skills to the third generation owners. This study uses a case study of a Brazilian family organization composed of twelve enterprises. The instrument to collect data was an individually guided recorded interview with all of the family managers (1ª, 2ª e 3ª generation. The technique applied, was suggested for Miles & Huberman (1994 to group the data in analytical categories to facilitate the analyzed speeches contained in the 49 blocks of responses. As a result, the transition the business to the third generation owners has been strongly associated with the relation between family and business by the following factors: a the succession process influenced by emotional and family values; b conflicts, rivalries and divergences of strategic visions and business goals between the family generations; c lack of professional criteria to hire relatives; and d fragility of communication and consequent asymmetry of information among the family members.

Beyond the exchange--the future of B2B.

Science.gov (United States)

Wise, R; Morrison, D

2000-01-01

Using the Internet to facilitate business-to-business commerce promises many benefits, such as dramatic cost reductions and greater access to buyers and sellers. Yet little is known about how B2B e-commerce will evolve. The authors argue that changes in the financial services industry over the past two decades provide important clues. Exchanges, they say, are not the primary source of value in information-intensive markets; value tends to accumulate among a diverse group of specialists that focus on such tasks as packaging, standard setting, arbitrage, and information management. Because scale and liquidity are vitally important to efficient trading, today's exchanges will consolidate into a relatively small set of mega-exchanges. Originators will handle the origination and aggregation of complex transactions before sending them on to mega-exchanges for execution. E-speculators, seeking to capitalize on an abundance of market information, will tend to concentrate where relatively standardized products can be transferred easily among a large group of buyers. In many markets, a handful of independent solution providers with well-known brand names and solid reputations will thrive alongside mega-exchanges. Sell-side asset exchanges will create the networks and provide the tools to allow suppliers to trade orders among themselves, sometimes after initial transactions with customers are made on the mega-exchanges. For many companies, traditional skills in such areas as product development, manufacturing, and marketing may become relatively less important, while the ability to understand and capitalize on market dynamics may become considerably more important.

Combining Basic Business Math and Electronic Calculators.

Science.gov (United States)

Merchant, Ronald

As a means of alleviating math anxiety among business students and of improving their business machine skills, Spokane Falls Community College offers a course in which basic business math skills are mastered through the use of desk top calculators. The self-paced course, which accommodates varying student skill levels, requires students to: (1)…

Using Industry Workshops to Create Idea Networks for Business Model Evolution

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Evers, Winie; Marroun, Sana; Young, Louise

globalization and emergence of new technologies. Thus it has facilitated a discussion of opportunities and challenges by inviting others from their network to participate in business model workshops. The workshop process is analysed to explore: (a) how business ideas originate and change over time (b......At the center of IMP thinking is the need for connected relationships to enable the survival and growth of firms (Hakanson and Snehota, 1995). Effective relational participation involves understanding of one’s own and relational partners’ business models including the value they seek from......) the effectiveness of relational interaction in articulating challenges and opportunities and (c) its effectiveness in generating ideas. The data collected includes the filming of two business model workshops as well as participant interviews before and after. To gain an overview of the process of change...

Electronic business survey on South African tour operators

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Verhoest, P

2006-05-01

Full Text Available This contribution presents the results of a pilot project on ICT usage by South African SMMEs in the tourism industry. The Electronic Business Survey (EBS) methodology, which was tested for applicability in a developing country, in this case South...

Improving Critical Thinking and Authenticity in Testing Business German

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Egbert, Maria; Maxim, Hiram

1998-01-01

in Business German, the Priifung Wirtschaftsdmtsch Intmnational [International Business German Examination] (PWD) and the Zertijikat I)mtschfur den Bmuf [German Cer- tificate for Professional Purposes] (ZDfB), test only students' information retrieval skills and fail to assess their critical thinking...

Analysis on the Metrics used in Optimizing Electronic Business based on Learning Techniques

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Irina-Steliana STAN

2014-09-01

Full Text Available The present paper proposes a methodology of analyzing the metrics related to electronic business. The drafts of the optimizing models include KPIs that can highlight the business specific, if only they are integrated by using learning-based techniques. Having set the most important and high-impact elements of the business, the models should get in the end the link between them, by automating business flows. The human resource will be found in the situation of collaborating more and more with the optimizing models which will translate into high quality decisions followed by profitability increase.

76 FR 20506 - Technical Amendment to Rule 19b-4: Filings With Respect to Proposed Rule Changes by Self...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-04-13

... under the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act. See 5 U.S.C. 601(2) (for purposes of RFA... anticipate that any competitive advantages or disadvantages would be created. List of Subjects in 17 CFR Part... that references to ``business day'' in Section 19(b) of the Exchange Act and Rule 19b-4 thereunder...

7 CFR Exhibit B to Subpart B of... - Notification of Tribe of Availability of Farm Property for Purchase

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE...) PROPERTY MANAGEMENT Management of Property Pt. 1955, Subpt. B, Exh. B Exhibit B to Subpart B of Part 1955... property and be able to carry on a family farming operation. Those persons not eligible for FSA's regular...

Doing Business with the Office of Naval Research

Science.gov (United States)

2012-08-01

DOING BUSINESS WITH THE OFFICE OF NAVAL RESEARCH Ms. Vera M. Carroll Acquisition Branch Head ONR BD 251 1 Report Documentation Page Form...COVERED 00-00-2012 to 00-00-2012 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Doing Business with the Office of Naval Research 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER

77 FR 47797 - Federal Acquisition Regulation; Small Business Set Asides for Research and Development Contracts

Science.gov (United States)

2012-08-10

... Acquisition Regulation; Small Business Set Asides for Research and Development Contracts AGENCY: Department of... when the market research conducted in accordance with FAR part 10 indicates there are small businesses... officer can proceed with a small business set-aside for research and development. FAR 19.502-2(b...

Why Did Austrian Business Oppose Welfare Cuts? How the Organization of Interests Shapes Business Attitudes Toward Social Partnership

OpenAIRE

Paster, T.

2014-01-01

In recent decades, business interests became protagonists of welfare retrenchment in many countries. In contrast, Austria’s national business organization, the WKÖ (Wirtschaftskammer Österreich), defended welfare programs and social partnership against government initiatives to dismantle them. Drawing on interviews and media reports, this article analyzes the reasons for this deviation, focusing on reforms in two fields: (a) public pensions and (b) social insurance administration. The article...

Analyzing the Structure of the International Business Curriculum in India

Science.gov (United States)

Srivastava, Deepak K.

2012-01-01

This article analyzes the structure of the international business curriculum through a questionnaire-based survey among current students and young managers who are studying or have studied international business courses in one of the top B-Schools of India. Respondents have the opinion that international business is more than internationalization…

B-to-C Digital Marketing Plan for ONAR Studios

OpenAIRE

Juvonen, Mirjam

2016-01-01

Traditional marketing methods are losing their impact in this continuously more digital world. Most customers are online and businesses need to be there, too. Through a creative plan for digital marketing, businesses can gain an advantage over their competitors, which is highly needed especially in the extremely competitive fashion industry. The objective of this product-based thesis is to create a B-to-C digital marketing plan for the case company, ONAR Studios, a small Finnish fashion b...

BUSINESS ECOSYSTEMS VS BUSINESS DIGITAL ECOSYSTEMS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marinela Lazarica

2006-05-01

Full Text Available E-business is often described as the small organisations’ gateway to global business and markets. The adoption of Internet-based technologies for e-business is a continuous process, with sequential steps of evolution. The latter step in the adoption of Internet-based technologies for business, where the business services and the software components are supported by a pervasive software environment, which shows an evolutionary and self-organising behaviour are named digital business ecosystems. The digital business ecosystems are characterized by intelligent software components and services, knowledge transfer, interactive training frameworks and integration of business processes and e-government models.

A logística no comércio eletrônico b2c: um estudo nacional multicasos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Geraldo José Ferraresi de Araújo

2011-07-01

Full Text Available O modo de se fazer negócios está enfrentando uma revolução. O comércio eletrônico (e-commerce é um exemplo desses novos procedimentos que surgiram. Este artigo buscou estudar como as empresas varejistas brasileiras, relacionadas à venda direta de produtos aos consumidores finais, através da Internet, utilizam o comércio eletrônico (business to consummer (B2C. Foram realizadas pesquisas do tipo qualitativo-exploratória, utilizando a técnica de multicasos para verificar como as empresas realizam as atividades de processamento de pedidos, controle de estoques, localização de depósitos, embalagens, transporte e previsão da demanda. Os resultados mostram que apesar das pequenas empresas encontrarem dificuldades com a logística, elas obtiveram desempenhos razoáveis quando comparadas com as grandes empresas, sendo a Internet a oportunidade de realização de novos negócios. Igualmente, as empresas percebem que a logística é essencial para o sucesso no varejo virtual, pois possui papel significante na atividade de atender às necessidades dos clientes. Entretanto, a maior parte dos operadores logísticos precisa melhor adequar-se às necessidades do comercio eletrônico. Assim, apesar dos resultados apresentados indicarem a existência de problemas em relação às atividades logísticas no B2C, como controle de estoque e ressuprimento, as empresas pesquisadas procuraram resolver estes problemas.Abstract The way of doing business are facing a revolution. Electronic commerce (ecommerce is an example of these new procedures that have arisen. This paper aims to study how retailers in Brazil, related to selling products directly to end consumers via the Internet, using e-commerce (business to consummate (B2C. Surveys were carried out a qualitative and exploratory, using the technique ofmulticases to see how companies perform the activities of order processing, inventory control, warehouse location, packaging, transportation and demand

PARTICULARITIES OF THE COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT IN THE BUSINESS TO BUSINESS FIELD

OpenAIRE

Ştefan Claudiu CĂESCU; Ionel DUMITRU

2011-01-01

Any product traded on the consumer goods market, in its evolution from raw material to finished products undergoes a series of successive transactions on the business to business market. On the business to business market, the competitive environment and the marketing mix are essentially different than those on the business to consumer market, under the aspect of the instruments used to analyse the marketing environment and the product, price, distribution, and promotion policies. The objecti...

BUSINESS ETHICS STANDARDS AND HOTEL BUSINESS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ivica Batinić

2014-04-01

Full Text Available By implementing certain standards in business, especially the standards of business ethics, each entity in the hotel industry emphasize its specificity and recognition, while giving a guestconsumer security and a guarantee that they will get desired quality. In today's global world, business ethics has become an indispensable part of the hotel business practices and prerequisite for achieving business success. Business ethics receives strategic significance because it creates a system of governance based on ethical principles that enables the hotel to properly respond to the demands of all interest groups. Successful will be precisely those hotels that do not separate ethics from profitability, but those that successfully coordinate them in its business. Business ethics has a strong impact on hotel business, and a major role in its implementation has a hotel management. Every responsible hotel management should, in accordance with the business philosophy of hotel, devise various ethical practices and ethical codes of conduct prescribed by the employees who will be an important standard of a business object.

75 FR 44951 - Inquiry To Learn Whether Businesses Assert Business Confidentiality Claims

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-30

... such treatment. Certain businesses, however, do not meet the definition of ``affected business,'' and... definition of ``affected business,'' and are not covered by today's notice. They consist of any business that... Businesses Assert Business Confidentiality Claims AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION...

76 FR 362 - Inquiry To Learn Whether Businesses Assert Business Confidentiality Claims

Science.gov (United States)

2011-01-04

... claims for such treatment. Certain businesses, however, do not meet the definition of ``affected business.... Certain businesses, however, do not meet the definition of ``affected business,'' and are not covered by... Businesses Assert Business Confidentiality Claims AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION...

THE CONCEPT OF PERFORMANCE IN BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS – CASE STUDY ON THE EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN ROMANIAN BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS

OpenAIRE

COSMIN OCTAVIAN DOBRIN; GHEORGHE N. POPESCU; VERONICA ADRIANA POPESCU; CRISTINA RALUCA POPESCU

2012-01-01

The general economic recession generated by the world financial crisis, with direct implications on funding, economic actors’ interactions, economic and social environment, technological progress and knowledge development, imposes the rethinking of the concept of performance in business organizations worldwide. Our study aims to present the importance held by performance at the level of business organizations in terms of a historical and multidisciplinary approach, in order to determine the b...

Specification of e-business process model for PayPal online payment process using Reo

OpenAIRE

Xie, M.

2005-01-01

textabstractE-business process modeling allows business analysts to better understand and analyze the business processes, and eventually to use software systems to automate (parts of) these business processes to achieve higher profit. To support e-business process modeling, many business process modeling languages have been used as tools. However, many existing business process modeling languages lack (a) formal semantics, (b) formal computational model, and (c) an integrated view of the busi...

How business schools lost their way.

Science.gov (United States)

Bennis, Warren G; O'Toole, James

2005-05-01

Business schools are facing intense criticism for failing to impart useful skills, failing to prepare leaders, failing to instill norms of ethical behavior--and even failing to lead graduates to good corporate jobs. These criticisms come not just from students, employers, and the media but also from deans of some of America's most prestigious B schools. The root cause oftoday's crisis in management education, assert Warren G. Bennis and James O'Toole, is that business schools have adopted an inappropriate--and ultimately self-defeating--model of academic excellence. Instead of measuring themselves in terms of the competence of their graduates, or by how well their faculty members understand important drivers of business performance, they assess themselves almost solely by the rigor of their scientific research. This scientific model is predicated on the faulty assumption that business is an academic discipline like chemistry or geology when, in fact, business is a profession and business schools are professional schools--or should be. Business school deans may claim that their schools remain focused on practice, but they nevertheless hire and promote research-oriented professors who haven't spent time working in companies and are more comfortable teaching methodology than messy, multidisciplinary issues--the very stuff of management. The authors don't advocate a return to the days when business schools were glorified trade schools. But to regain relevancy, they say, business schools must rediscover the practice of business and find a way to balance the dual mission of educating practitioners and creating knowledge through research.

Management and Feasibility Analysis of Smoked Fish Business in Ambon

Science.gov (United States)

Nanlohy, Hellen; Apituley, Yolanda M. T. N.; Tapotubun, Alfonsina M.; Reiuwpassa, Frederik; Matrutty, Theodora E. A. A.

2017-10-01

This research aims to examine management and feasibility aspects of smoked fish business in Ambon. By using survey, this research focused on smoked fish business in Negeri Hative Kecil and Silale, known as dried fish producer villages.Primary and secondary data collected by using interview, observation, and recording. Analysis methods used are qualitative descriptive analysis and business feasibility analysis covers NPV, Payback Period (PP), and Break Even Point (BEP). The result shows that most of the smoked fish businessmen do not apply the proper management in their business. Two to three people do all the works (from production to marketing) without a clear job description. Feasibility analysis for smoked fish business in Negeri Hative Kecil shows that NPV is 21.501.053,- PP is 58 days, and Benefit Cost Ratio (B/C) is 1,06. BEP Production is 1,455 kg, and BEP Price is IDR 19,941, while the feasibility analysis for smoked fish business in Desa Silale shows that NPV is 30.745.837,-, PP is 24 days and Benefit Cost Ratio (B/C) is 1,41. BEP Production is 988 kg, and BEP Price is IDR 7,966. Based on the result, the two smoked fish business in Ambon is feasible to be developed. However, good management with clear job description should be applied to improve the business.

Information Security Audit in e-business applications

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Electronic business (e-business are different than other business because it involves any commercial or business activity that takes place by means of electronic facilities (buy and selling online, including on the Internet, proprietary networks and home banking, instead of through direct physical exchange or contact. This system creates an environment that operates at a much greater speed than traditional methods and involves much less paper–based evidence of activities. These e-business related risks should not be considered in isolation but rather as part of the overall internal control framework of an entity. It is essential to identify and assess the risks associated with an e-business environment and management should develop an e-business strategy that identifies and addresses risks. The e-business Information Systems (IS audit is a critical component of the e-business plan. This paper tries to present a risk analysis for e-business applications in order to establish the IS audit particularities in this field.

The Effect of Electronic Banking on the Performance of Supply Chain Management of Small Businesses

OpenAIRE

Fakhriyeh Hamidianpour; Majid Esmaeilpour; Ali Daryanavard

2016-01-01

In current age, e-commerce does not just imply online buying and selling, but implies an efficient business throughout business levels, in which supply chain management can be regarded as the major pillar. The aim of this survey is to study effect of use of electronic banking services and important instruments of e-banking on performance and dimensions of supply chain performance at the first level of the SCOR model in electronics businesses. The present study is an applied research type in t...

Business Education--Business Law: Grades 10-12.

Science.gov (United States)

Instructional Objectives Exchange, Los Angeles, CA.

Thirty-seven objectives and related test items for business law courses taught in grades 10 through 12 are organized into the following categories: (1) foundations of law; (2) law of contracts, property, and negotiable instruments; (3) business relations and business organizations; and (4) vocabulary. Each objective contains three elements: the…

Application of a Resilience Framework to Military Installations: A Methodology for Energy Resilience Business Case Decisions

Science.gov (United States)

2016-09-01

align to a disruption or an associated downtime impacting mission performance. Reliability metrics and models were also used throughout the study to...Military Installations: A Methodology for Energy Resilience Business Case Decisions N. Judson A.L. Pina E.V. Dydek S.B. Van Broekhoven A.S...Methodology for Energy Resilience Business Case Decisions N. Judson A.L. Pina E.V. Dydek S.B. Van Broekhoven Group 73 A.S. Castillo TBD

48 CFR 52.219-7 - Notice of Partial Small Business Set-Aside.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... Clauses 52.219-7 Notice of Partial Small Business Set-Aside. As prescribed in 19.508(d), insert the following clause: Notice of Partial Small Business Set-Aside (JUN 2003) (a) Definitions. Small business..., and qualified as a small business under the size standards in this solicitation. (b) General. (1) A...

48 CFR 19.202-2 - Locating small business sources.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Locating small business... SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS Policies 19.202-2 Locating small business sources. The contracting officer must, to the extent practicable, encourage maximum participation by small business...

Electronic and structural properties of B i2S e3:Cu

Science.gov (United States)

Sobczak, Kamil; Strak, Pawel; Kempisty, Pawel; Wolos, Agnieszka; Hruban, Andrzej; Materna, Andrzej; Borysiuk, Jolanta

2018-04-01

Electronic and structural properties of B i2S e3 and its extension to copper doped B i2S e3:Cu were studied using combined ab initio simulations and transmission electron microscopy based techniques, including electron energy loss spectroscopy, energy filtered transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The stability of the mixed phases was investigated for substitutional and intercalation changes of basic B i2S e3 structure. Four systems were compared: B i2S e3 , structures obtaining by Cu intercalation of the van der Waals gap, by substitution of Bi by Cu in quintuple layers, and C u2Se . The structures were identified and their electronic properties were obtained. Transmission electron microscopy measurements of B i2S e3 and the B i2S e3:Cu system identified the first structure as uniform and the second as composite, consisting of a nonuniform lower-Cu-content matrix and randomly distributed high-Cu-concentration precipitates. Critical comparison of the ab initio and experimental data identified the matrix as having a B i2S e3 dominant part with randomly distributed Cu-intercalated regions having 1Cu-B i2S e3 structure. The precipitates were determined to have 3Cu-B i2S e3 structure.

15 CFR 718.2 - Identification of confidential business information.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... business information. 718.2 Section 718.2 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) BUREAU OF INDUSTRY AND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE CHEMICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION REGULATIONS CONFIDENTIAL BUSINESS INFORMATION 718.2 Identification of confidential business...

Exploring the business case for ambulatory electronic health record system adoption.

Science.gov (United States)

Song, Paula H; McAlearney, Ann Scheck; Robbins, Julie; McCullough, Jeffrey S

2011-01-01

Widespread implementation and use of electronic health record (EHR) systems has been recognized by healthcare leaders as a cornerstone strategy for systematically reducing medical errors and improving clinical quality. However, EHR adoption requires a significant capital investment for healthcare providers, and cost is often cited as a barrier. Despite the capital requirements, a true business case for EHR system adoption and implementation has not been made. This is of concern, as the lack of a business case can influence decision making about EHR investments. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of business case analysis in healthcare organizations' decisions to invest in ambulatory EHR systems, and to identify what factors organizations considered when justifying an ambulatory EHR. Using a qualitative case study approach, we explored how five organizations that are considered to have best practices in ambulatory EHR system implementation had evaluated the business case for EHR adoption. We found that although the rigor of formal business case analysis was highly variable, informants across these organizations consistently reported perceiving that a positive business case for EHR system adoption existed, especially when they considered both financial and non-financial benefits. While many consider EHR system adoption inevitable in healthcare, this viewpoint should not deter managers from conducting a business case analysis. Results of such an analysis can inform healthcare organizations' understanding about resource allocation needs, help clarify expectations about financial and clinical performance metrics to be monitored through EHR systems, and form the basis for ongoing organizational support to ensure successful system implementation.

An Iterative Procedure for Efficient Testing of B2B: A Case in Messaging Service Tests

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kulvatunyou, Boonserm [ORNL

2007-03-01

Testing is a necessary step in systems integration. Testing in the context of inter-enterprise, business-to-business (B2B) integration is more difficult and expensive than intra-enterprise integration. Traditionally, the difficulty is alleviated by conducting the testing in two stages: conformance testing and then interoperability testing. In conformance testing, systems are tested independently against a reference system. In interoperability testing, they are tested simultaneously against one another. In the traditional approach for testing, these two stages are performed sequentially with little feedback between them. In addition, test results and test traces are left only to human analysis or even discarded if the solution passes the test. This paper proposes an approach where test results and traces from both the conformance and interoperability tests are analyzed for potential interoperability issues; conformance test cases are then derived from the analysis. The result is that more interoperability issues can be resolved in the lower-cost conformance testing mode; consequently, time and cost required for achieving interoparble solutions are reduced.

48 CFR 319.202-2 - Locating small business sources.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Locating small business... SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS Policies 319.202-2 Locating small business sources. (a) OPDIVs shall foster, to the extent practicable, maximum participation by small businesses in HHS acquisitions...

48 CFR 2919.202-2 - Locating small business sources.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Locating small business... SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS AND SMALL DISADVANTAGED BUSINESS CONCERNS Policies 2919.202-2 Locating small business sources. Any procurement conducted on an unrestricted basis will include solicitations to...

Key Account Management and Quality in Business-to-Business Relationships

OpenAIRE

Ojasalo, Jukka

2000-01-01

What are the main elements of successful Key Account Management (KAM)? What is the nature of quality for the company and for the individual in business-to-business relationships? What kind of managerial practices are required at the company and individual level in Key Account Management? This paper focuses on these central aspects of KAM. It describes the main elements of KAM, which is a systematic marketing management approach in the business-to-business context with the objective to build p...

37 CFR 2.192 - Business to be conducted with decorum and courtesy.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... Correspondence in Trademark Cases § 2.192 Business to be conducted with decorum and courtesy. Trademark... attorneys or agents are required to conduct their business with decorum and courtesy. Documents presented in... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Business to be conducted with...

Integrated Business Process Adaptation towards Friction-Free Business-to-Business Collaboration

Science.gov (United States)

Shan, Zhe

2011-01-01

One key issue in process-aware E-commerce collaboration is the orchestration of business processes of multiple business partners throughout a supply chain network in an automated and seamless way. Since each partner has its own internal processes with different control flow structures and message interfaces, the real challenge lies in verifying…

Engaging Fringe Stakeholders in Business and Society Research

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

McCarthy, Lauren; Muthuri, Judy N.

2018-01-01

Business and society (B&S) researchers, as well as practitioners, have been critiqued for ignoring those with less voice and power (e.g., women, nonliterate, or indigenous peoples) often referred to as “fringe stakeholders.” Existing methods used in B&S research often fail to address issues...... methods may be used by researchers to achieve more inclusive, and thus more credible, stakeholder research that can improve decision making within businesses. Furthermore, we argue that ingrained social and environmental problems tackled by B&S research and the unique context in which they occur may open...... of meaningful participation, voice and power, especially in developing countries. In this article, we stress the utility of visual participatory research (VPR) methods in B&S research to fill this gap. Through a case study on engaging Ghanaian cocoa farmers on gender inequality issues, we explore how VPR...

48 CFR 52.219-6 - Notice of Total Small Business Set-Aside.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... Clauses 52.219-6 Notice of Total Small Business Set-Aside. As prescribed in 19.508(c), insert the following clause: Notice of Total Small Business Set-Aside (JUN 2003) (a) Definition. Small business concern... qualified as a small business under the size standards in this solicitation. (b) General. (1) Offers are...

Requirements on a B2B e-contract language

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Angelov, S.; Grefen, P.W.P.J.

2005-01-01

Electronic contracts are the instrument to govern electronic trading relationships between business parties. A number of efforts exist in both the academic and industrial worlds to define an e-contract specification language. However, these efforts lack either universality or completeness. The main

Electronic structure of the boron fullerene B14 and its silicon derivatives B13Si(+), B13Si(-) and B12Si2: a rationalization using a cylinder model.

Science.gov (United States)

Van Duong, Long; Nguyen, Minh Tho

2016-06-29

Geometric and electronic structures of the boron cluster B14 and its silicon derivatives B13Si(+), B13Si(-), and B12Si2 were determined using DFT calculations (TPSSh/6-311+G(d)). The B12Si2 fullerene, which is formed by substituting two B atoms at two apex positions of the B14 fullerene by two Si atoms, was also found as the global minimum structure. We demonstrated that the electronic structure and orbital configuration of these small fullerenes can be predicted by the wavefunctions of a particle on a cylinder. The early appearance of high angular node MOs in B14 and B12Si2 can be understood by this simple model. Replacement of one B atom at a top position of B14 by one Si atom, followed by the addition or removal of one electron does not lead to a global minimum fullerene structure for the anion B13Si(-) and cation B13Si(+). The early appearance of the 5σ1 orbital in B13Si(+) causes a lower stability for the fullerene-type structure.

Protecting your business: from emergency planning to crisis management

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ramsay, C.G.

1999-01-01

The forthcoming UK Control of Major Accident Hazards (COMAH) regulations under the European Community's Seveso II Directive will impose a new formal requirement to test emergency plans. This might be approached as an added burden on industry to demonstrate safe operation, or can be viewed alternatively as an opportunity to improve crisis management systems and thereby decrease the risks to the business. Crisis is by nature an ambiguous and complex environment, demanding endless initiative, inventiveness, communication, co-ordination and learning. Because large-scale crises threatening the entire business are not frequent, learning from experience must be replaced by competence-assurance based on systems thinking, on risk assessment, on wide scenario simulations and on rigorous training. This paper discusses the benefits from various types of testing of emergency plans and from a business approach to continuous improvement in crisis management capability. (Copyright (c) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam. All rights reserved.)

Business continuity 2014: From traditional to integrated Business Continuity Management.

Science.gov (United States)

Ee, Henry

As global change continues to generate new challenges and potential threats to businesses, traditional business continuity management (BCM) slowly reveals its limitations and weak points to ensuring 'business resiliency' today. Consequently, BCM professionals also face the challenge of re-evaluating traditional concepts and introducing new strategies and industry best practices. This paper points to why traditional BCM is no longer sufficient in terms of enabling businesses to survive in today's high-risk environment. It also looks into some of the misconceptions about BCM and other stumbling blocks to establishing effective BCM today. Most importantly, however, this paper provides tips based on the Business Continuity Institute's (BCI) Good Practices Guideline (GPG) and the latest international BCM standard ISO 22301 on how to overcome the issues and challenges presented.

Improvement of the Provisions of Innovative Development of Enterprises Based on Electronic Business Technologies

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vilkhivska Olga V.

2018-02-01

Full Text Available The article proposes improved conceptual provisions of innovative enterprise development based on the introduction of e-business technologies. The peculiarities of modern conditions of economic development under the influence of the new information paradigm are considered, the essence of which is the development and implementation of innovative network technologies (technologies of e-business in all spheres and branches of the economy. An analysis of the author’s research on the trends in the development of e-business, e-commerce, marketing, the impact of Internet technologies on business practices has been carried out, which has made it possible to achieve the goal, that was set, namely, to improve the conceptual foundations of innovative enterprise development based on e-business technologies. A special feature of the developed provisions is the emphasis on the introduction or full replacement of business processes in the enterprise by the appropriate technologies of electronic business and establishing the relationship between innovation development and their use.

Electronic structure of MgB 2

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Results of ab initio electronic structure calculations on the compound MgB2 using the FPLAPW method employing GGA for the exchange-correlation energy are presented. Total energy minimization enables us to estimate the equilibrium volume, / ratio and the bulk modulus, all of which are in excellent agreement with ...

Electronic structure of MgB2

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Abstract. Results of ab initio electronic structure calculations on the compound MgB2 using the. FPLAPW method employing GGA for the exchange-correlation energy are presented. Total energy minimization enables us to estimate the equilibrium volume, c/a ratio and the bulk modulus, all of which are in excellent ...

Information Security Audit in e-business applications

OpenAIRE

Floarea NASTASE; Pavel NASTASE; Robert SOVA

2007-01-01

Electronic business (e-business) are different than other business because it involves any commercial or business activity that takes place by means of electronic facilities (buy and selling online), including on the Internet, proprietary networks and home banking, instead of through direct physical exchange or contact. This system creates an environment that operates at a much greater speed than traditional methods and involves much less paper–based evidence of activities. These e-business...

Useful Business Cases

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nielsen, Peter Axel; Persson, John Stouby

2017-01-01

during implementation and value creation. This article presents lessons learned from our action research, lessons that we incorporated into a business case method and subsequently evaluated with IS managers. There are three lessons on: (1) improving the content of business cases, (2) how to develop...... research study seeks to improve the usefulness of business cases in IS projects. We used collaborative action research with Danish municipalities to improve their practices when developing and using business cases and to change their perceptions of what constitutes a good business case that is useful...... business cases, and (3) the use of business cases in subsequent value creation. These lessons summarize our findings and the contributions are that we in the business case method propose to: (1) include minimal contents, (2) develop social commitment, and (3) structure for dynamic use during value creation...

26 CFR 301.6226(a)-1 - Principal place of business of partnership.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 18 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Principal place of business of partnership. 301... Principal place of business of partnership. (a) In general. The principal place of a partnership's business... partnership items may be filed is its principal place of business as of the date the petition is filed. (b...

Trust building electronic services as a crucial self-regulation feature of Digital Business Ecosystems

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Radoslav Delina

2012-04-01

Full Text Available In the field of digital business ecosystem, the self-regulation feature plays crucial role. ICT supports biological and sociological phenomena through efficient electronic services. One of the main roles is building and enhancing efficient relationships between actors within the ecosystem. Problem of interaction between commercial subjects depends on expected benefits. These expectations are predictors of successful result from realized transaction with potential partner. And this predictor is based on trust and trustworthiness. The paper presents trust as crucial factor for cooperation and discusses specifics of several trust building mechanisms to increase the level of trust in e-cooperation within digital business ecosystems. Based on results provided by questionnaire survey in Slovak business environment, the paper discusses the relationship between the level of respondents´ electronic business experience and their preferences for the portfolio of trust building mechanisms.

BUSINESS ETHICS STANDARDS AND HOTEL BUSINESS

OpenAIRE

Ivica Batinić

2014-01-01

By implementing certain standards in business, especially the standards of business ethics, each entity in the hotel industry emphasize its specificity and recognition, while giving a guestconsumer security and a guarantee that they will get desired quality. In today's global world, business ethics has become an indispensable part of the hotel business practices and prerequisite for achieving business success. Business ethics receives strategic significance because ...

A business case method for business models

OpenAIRE

Meertens, Lucas Onno; Starreveld, E.; Iacob, Maria Eugenia; Nieuwenhuis, Lambertus Johannes Maria; Shishkov, Boris

2013-01-01

Intuitively, business cases and business models are closely connected. However, a thorough literature review revealed no research on the combination of them. Besides that, little is written on the evaluation of business models at all. This makes it difficult to compare different business model alternatives and choose the best one. In this article, we develop a business case method to objectively compare business models. It is an eight-step method, starting with business drivers and ending wit...

NASA's Electronic Procurement System and the Impact on Small Business

Science.gov (United States)

Dozier, Ken

1998-01-01

Three workshops, held in Lancaster, Orange County and Compton, were produced by the Los Angeles Regional Technology Alliance (LARTA) and NASA Far West Technology Transfer Center (FWRTTC). The workshops were held on December 12, 1997, February 5, 1998, and March 30, 1998, respectively. The purpose behind these workshops was to spread information regarding NASA procurement opportunities to small businesses in the region. This was accomplished by inviting economic and business development organizations to the three workshops, presenting NASA procurement resources to them, and asking them to distribute this information to the small businesses in their communities. With the assistance of LARTA, marketing and publicity in the form of direct mail, telemarketing, and promotion via a web site was implemented to publicize the workshops. These methods were remarkably effective because they enabled the workshops to attain its full capacity. Further publicity was provided by Wendy Reed of Valley Focus Magazine, an Antelope Valley Magazine aimed at business people. Her article entitled, "Doing Business with the Government" recapped the Lancaster workshop that she had attended and made references to several presentations. In the article, she discussed selling to the government via electronic commerce, and specifically mentioned Robert Medina, the NASA Dryden Small Business Specialist, as a contact person for those interested in pursuing procurement opportunities. The feedback provided by the participants is illustrated by the enclosed graphs and charts. These figures represent the number of participants who have frequented web sites presented at workshops, specifically the NASA procurement resources, and how extensive information dissemination was. Input from participants was favorable and encouraged more NASA Dryden workshops directly to the small business communities. There was an overwhelming response to the benefit of the NASA procurement opportunities presented at the

Italian Family Business Cultures Involved in the Generational Change

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ruggero Ruggieri

2014-02-01

Full Text Available In family firms, the business and the family are two arenas in which processes significantly overlap and influence management. The present paper investigates the overlap of the family system and the business through the use of culture. Adopting an idiographic approach and recognising the unique psychodynamic process of family business (FB, this study aims to identify the cultural patterns within the FB, starting from what families define as a family, b business and, c the generational change. Twenty-five family firms were considered during the generational change. The results show how and when this overlap takes shape pointing out how the role of family tradition can became a critical or success factor for the business.

75 FR 4812 - Inquiry To Learn Whether Businesses Assert Business Confidentiality Claims

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-29

..., however, do not meet the definition of ``affected business,'' and are not covered by today's notice. They.... Certain businesses, however, do not meet the definition of ``affected business,'' and are not covered by... Businesses Assert Business Confidentiality Claims AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION...

7 CFR Exhibit B-3 to Subpart B of... - Letter for Notifying Applicants, Lender, Holders and Borrowers of Adverse Decisions Where the...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... Farmer Program Primary Loan Servicing Actions) B Exhibit B-3 to Subpart B of Part 1900 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... GENERAL Adverse Decisions and Administrative Appeals Pt. 1900, Subpt. B, Exh. B-3 Exhibit B-3 to Subpart B...

Taking Care of Business: Equipping Students to Become Business Journalists

Science.gov (United States)

Hannis, Grant

2016-01-01

Informed, critical business journalism is vital to a well-functioning society. But students are typically reluctant to study business journalism, often finding the topic intimidating. This article outlines how the author has taught a business journalism course in New Zealand and the United States. The course uses a variety of methods to help the…

Moving to e-Business: Exploratory Study on e-Business Readiness in Croatian Large Companies

OpenAIRE

Spremić, Mario

2003-01-01

This paper defines e-business, its dimensions with respect to differences between traditional business, partial, or pure e-business. Also, a model for moving to e-business is illustrated. The results of the study on current practices in evolving the e-business in top Croatian companies are presented. In this paper some aspects of business process innovation and e-business usage have been investigated (general e-business issues with levels of e-business usage, key objectives of participating i...

78 FR 70617 - Notice of Funding Availability for the Small Business Transportation Resource Center Program

Science.gov (United States)

2013-11-26

... assistance, business training programs, business assessment, management training, counseling, marketing and... assessment of the regional small business transportation community needs. (B) General Management & Technical... improve the management of their own small business to expand their transportation- related contracts and...

Predicting Market Direction from Direct Speech by Business Leaders

OpenAIRE

Drury, Brett M.; Almeida, José João

2012-01-01

Direct quotations from business leaders can communicate to the wider public the latent state of their organization as well as the beliefs of the organization's leaders. Candid quotes from business leaders can have dramatic effects upon the share price of their organization. For example, Gerald Ratner in 1991 stated that his company's products were crap and consequently his company (Ratners) lost in excess of 500 million pounds in market value. Information in quotes from business leaders can b...

Business Process Quality Computation : Computing Non-Functional Requirements to Improve Business Processes

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Heidari, F.

2015-01-01

Business process modelling is an important part of system design. When designing or redesigning a business process, stakeholders specify, negotiate, and agree on business requirements to be satisfied, including non-functional requirements that concern the quality of the business process. This thesis

The Role of Trust in Business-to-Business E-Commerce Collaboration in a Unique Environment in Australia

OpenAIRE

Carol Pollard; Amanda Diggles

2006-01-01

This research explores interorganisational collaboration in business-to-business e-commerce, and the factors that influence its development in a unique Australian environment. Using a qualitative case study approach, seven informants from four Tasmanian organisations were interviewed. The data confirmed trust was an important prerequisite for the establishment and development of both electronic and traditional interorganisational relationships. Collaborative relations such as communication an...

B11 NMR in the layered diborides OsB2 and RuB2

Science.gov (United States)

Suh, B. J.; Zong, X.; Singh, Y.; Niazi, A.; Johnston, D. C.

2007-10-01

B11 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements have been performed on B11 enriched OsB2 and RuB2 polycrystalline powder samples in an external field of 4.7T and in the temperature range, 4.2KOsB2 and RuB2 , respectively. The experimental results indicate that a p character dominates the conduction electron wave function at the B site with a negligibly small s character in both compounds.

Valence electron structure and bonding features of RuB2 and OSB2: The empirical electron theory calculations

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

无

2010-01-01

The valence electron structure (VES) of RuB2 and OsB2 were calculated by the empirical electron theory (EET) of solids and molecules and compared with the results derived from the first-principles calculations. The distributions of covalent electrons in different bonds indicate that B-B and B-Me have remarkably covalent bonding characters. Lattice electrons cruising around Me-Me layers are found to have great influences on electronic conductivity and high temperature plasticity. The ultra-high values of elastic constant Cn in the two compounds originate from close-packed covalent bonding along the c axis. Uneven bond strengths and distributions of covalent bonds, especially for B-Afe bonds, yield significant anisotropy. Low ratios of lattice electrons to covalent electrons suggest the intrinsic embrittlement in crystals. The fact that the calculated cohesive energies well agree with experimental results demonstrates the good suitability of the EET calculations in estimating cohesive energy for transition-metal borides.

Business plan competition

CERN Multimedia

2007-01-01

"Venture – Companies for tomorrow" is a business plan competition, which supports students and other junior entrepreneurs in developing their business plans. The sixth edition of the competition is now taking place. Venture 2008 highlights: - prize money totalling CHF 150’000; - possibility to optimize business ideas and business plans with the help of experienced coaches: around 200 coaches are available, with a wide range of backgrounds, entrepreneurs as well as venture capitalists; -\tpossibility to present business ideas and business plans to potential investors ("Investor Days" - 17 January and 7 May); - active involvement in the start-up community; -\tcontribution to potential independence. The competition consists of two phases: Phase I, Business idea, Deadline for submission of business idea: 5 December 2007 (online at http://www.venture.ch). Award Ceremony: 17 January 2008 Phase II, Business plan Deadline for submission of business plan: 2 April 2008 (online at...

Marketing and security issues in e-business

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mandarić Marija

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Unprecedant development of the IT influenced the development of the electronic business and internet. Introducing the electronic business into companies worldwide and accepting the new global media - internet, have enabled the development of the new area of the marketing practice - electronic marketing. Electronic marketing has kept the basics of the traditional marketing, but it has also adapted to the new standards in the business and, together with internet, it has opened up remarkable opportunities for the small and big companies, through the global accessibility of their offers. Electronic business is become the imperative of the modern business under the conditions of today's economic and political globalization, which dictates the rules of conduct among the world market players. The usage of internet has enabled direct, interactive communication, but has also started questions regarding security of that communication and protection of company's or individual's data. It is certain that the area of the electronic business and electronic trade, has unstoppable and unpredictable directions of development and so many potential users, while globalization has unique goal, but many interested masters. How the world will look like in the future, what countries will fit in, and what countries will dictate the tempo of the further development, remains to be seen.

The New Strategic Imperative: Understanding the Female Business Traveler

OpenAIRE

Francine Newth

2011-01-01

This paper explores the characteristics, needs, and behaviors of women who travel on business and analyzes the data for potential segmentation. The study focuses exclusively on the female business traveler. The sample consists of 235 female business travelers from a variety of industries. The statistical methods include correlation analyses, factor analysis, and cluster analysis. The findings show that 6 factors explain 60.4% of the variance in characteristics, behaviors and needs of female b...

The Effect of Non-technical Factors in B2C E-Commerce

Science.gov (United States)

Sanayei, Ali; Shafe'Ei, Reza

As e-commerce grows across industries worldwide , business are building web sites for presence as well as for online business. It is more than transferring current business operations to a new medium. This situation requires explaining main models, changing infrastructures, and notice to customer needs as their vital rights. Whilst increasing numbers of firms have launched themselves on the Internet, they are trying to consideration of the strategic implications of developing, implementing or running a Web site. Global competition, laws, and customer preferences are among the issues being affected by e-commerce. In this study many factors that effect on e-commerce are considered these factors have no technical issue in nature. Companies related factors, customers' knowledge, customers' trust and customers' behavior are the main effective factors in development of B2C e-commerce. In this research we surveyed the mentioned aspects by offering questionnaire to experts of e-commerce for companies. The results show there is a meaningful relationship between perception, knowledge, trust and attitude of customers and the company's capabilities in the other side with B2C e-commerce development.

Building Tomorrow's Business Today

Science.gov (United States)

Ryan, Jim

2010-01-01

Modern automobile maintenance, like most skilled-trades jobs, is more than simple nuts and bolts. Today, skilled-trades jobs might mean hydraulics, computerized monitoring equipment, electronic blueprints, even lasers. As chief executive officer of Grainger, a business-to-business maintenance, repair, and operating supplies company that…

Business support within business incubators.

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Ratinho, Tiago; Harms, Rainer; Groen, Arend J.

2009-01-01

Business incubators (BI) have been established worldwide as tools for company creation and small businesses support. BIs claim to help their tenants by providing them with the optimal conditions for increasing early stage survival. Practitioners and researchers agree that business support is a

INTEGRATION AND SYSTEM FAILURES OF ELECTRONIC GOVERNMENTAL PROCUREMENT SYSTEMS IN TURKEY AND PROPOSALS FOR MORE EFFICIENT SYSTEMS IN THE LIGHT OF B2B PORTAL MOVEMENTS

OpenAIRE

Yildirim, Fazli; Telli Yamamoto, Gonca

2011-01-01

Today’s business dynamics are rapidly changing, especially for the private sector in the world and new paradigm which is called as the electronic environment is starting to dominate the business life. Most of the companies trying to adapt these changes with their company structure and most of them were re-engineered their business models with this new wave. In Turkey, government is trying to transform their services in to digital world for gaining more speed, decreasing the costs and satisfyi...

48 CFR 252.219-7003 - Small business subcontracting plan (DoD contracts).

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Small business... AND CONTRACT CLAUSES Text of Provisions And Clauses 252.219-7003 Small business subcontracting plan (DoD contracts). As prescribed in 219.708(b)(1)(A), use the following clause: Small Business...

7 CFR Exhibit B-1 to Subpart B of... - Letter for Notifying Applicants, Lender, Holders and Borrowers of Adverse Decisions Where the...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... Borrowers of Adverse Decisions Where the Decision Is Appealable B Exhibit B-1 to Subpart B of Part 1900 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS... REGULATIONS GENERAL Adverse Decisions and Administrative Appeals Pt. 1900, Subpt. B, Exh. B-1 Exhibit B-1 to...

Business model for business rules

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Eline Haan; Martin Zoet; Koen Smit

2014-01-01

Business rule models are widely applied, standalone and embedded in smart objects. They have become segregated from information technology and they are now a valuable asset in their own right. As more business rule models are becoming assets, business models to monetize these assets are designed.

Business travelers: vaccination considerations for this population.

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Lin H; Leder, Karin; Wilson, Mary E

2013-04-01

Illness in business travelers is associated with reduced productivity on the part of the employee as well as the employer. Immunizations offer a reliable method of preventing infectious diseases for international business travelers. The authors review the travel patterns of business travelers, available data on illnesses they encounter, their potential travel-associated risks for vaccine-preventable diseases and recommendations on immunizations for this population. Routine vaccines (e.g., measles, tetanus and influenza) should be reviewed to assure that they provide current coverage. The combined hepatitis A and hepatitis B vaccine with a rapid schedule offers options for those with time constraints. Other vaccine recommendations for business travelers need to focus on their destinations and activities and underlying health, taking into account the concept of cumulative risk for those with frequent travel, multiple trips or long stays.

Aktuelles Schlagwort: Business Process Intelligence

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Mutschler, B.B.; Reichert, M.U.

In jüngerer Vergangenheit rückt vermehrt die Erfassung und Analyse von Prozessechtdaten (z.B. zum Start und Ende von Prozessaktivitäten) in den Blickpunkt. Solche Daten werden von den meisten prozessorientierten Informationssystemen geliefert. Das Schlagwort Business Process Intelligence (BPI)

An ANFIS-based on B2C electronic commerce transaction

Science.gov (United States)

Lin, Juan; Liu, Chenlian; Guo, Yongning

2014-10-01

The purpose of this study is to use an adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system to model a fuzzy logic-based system (FIS) for supporting decision-making process in B2C electronic commerce transaction. Firstly we introduce FIS in B2C electronic commerce transaction and ANFIS. Then we use ANFIS to model FIS with different membership functions(MF). Lastly we give a conclusion.

An ANFIS-based on B2C electronic commerce transaction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lin, Juan; Liu, Chenlian; Guo, Yongning

2014-01-01

The purpose of this study is to use an adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system to model a fuzzy logic-based system (FIS) for supporting decision-making process in B2C electronic commerce transaction. Firstly we introduce FIS in B2C electronic commerce transaction and ANFIS. Then we use ANFIS to model FIS with different membership functions(MF). Lastly we give a conclusion

An ANFIS-based on B2C electronic commerce transaction

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lin, Juan, E-mail: linjuanliucaihong@qq.com [Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Fuqing Branch of Fujian Normal University, Fuqing 350300 (China); Liu, Chenlian, E-mail: chenglian.liu@gmail.com [School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Long Yan University, Longyan 364012 (China); Guo, Yongning, E-mail: guoyn@163.com [Fuqing Branch of Fujian Normal University, Fuqing 350300 (China)

2014-10-06

The purpose of this study is to use an adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system to model a fuzzy logic-based system (FIS) for supporting decision-making process in B2C electronic commerce transaction. Firstly we introduce FIS in B2C electronic commerce transaction and ANFIS. Then we use ANFIS to model FIS with different membership functions(MF). Lastly we give a conclusion.

E-Clubbing:  New Trends in Business Process Outsourcing

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Carugati, Andrea; Rossignoli, Cacilia; Mola, Lapo

2008-01-01

The role of IT in the make-or-buy dilemma represents one of the most important topics in the IS research field. This dilemma is becoming increasingly more complex as new players and new services appear in the market landscape. The last few years have witness the emergence of electronic marketplaces...... as players that leverage new technologies to facilitate B2B internet-mediated relationships. Nowadays these players are enlarging their services, from simple intermediation to include the outsourcing of entire business processes. Using a longitudinal qualitative field study of an e-marketplace providing...... the outsourcing of the procurement process we develop an in depth understanding of the role of these extended intermediaries in the shaping of the collaborative practices among different organizations. The paper proposes that, as marketplaces engage in complex process outsourcing practices they generate new...

Epistemological and Pedagogical Challenges of Teaching International Business Ethics Courses

Science.gov (United States)

Dion, Michel

2015-01-01

International business ethics courses imply four basic epistemological and pedagogical challenges: (a) understanding various perceptions of ethics and values/virtues; (b) identifying ethical maxims among religious/spiritual traditions; (c) designing international business ethics courses as dialogical experiences; and (d) deepening our personal…

Traditional Enterprise Business Intelligence Software Compared to Software as a Service Business Intelligence

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marian Pompiliu CRISTESCU

2016-01-01

Full Text Available The focus of this paper is on the one hand on the importance of business intelligence in large and medium-sized businesses and on the other side on the evaluation and implementation of Business Intelligence. It shows how companies make better and faster decisions regarding their customers, partners and operations by converting data into valuable business information. The paper describes how to bring business intelligence information, people and technology together to help to create a successful business strategy. The conclusion of the paper is the assessment of the possibility of business intelligence to develop projects in large and medium-sized companies and the discussion of the possible alternatives with respect to the different functions.

Minding the Business of Business: Tools and Models to Design and Measure Wealth Creation

Science.gov (United States)

Bernardez, Mariano L.

2009-01-01

What is the business of business? How can planners and investors anticipate the true chances of failure and success of a business idea? This article describes a rationale for developing successful new business on the basis of a simple, sensible idea: the business of any business is to make its clients successful enough to continue purchasing and…

12 CFR 980.3 - New business activity notice requirement.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... undertaking a new business activity, except as provided in § 980.4(b), a Bank shall submit to the Finance... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false New business activity notice requirement. 980.3 Section 980.3 Banks and Banking FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE BOARD NEW FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK ACTIVITIES NEW...

Value co-creation and business model innovation in the context of business-to-business services

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nardelli, Giulia

to manage interactions between internal and external stakeholders of the organization they serve. The second proposition, on the other hand, depicts how business model innovators manage the interplay between strategic and operational activities by allocating responsibilities among internal and external...... the network of actors to achieve value co-creation. Based on a qualitative investigation, two propositions, which summarize the main findings, are developed. In the first proposition it is outlined how processes of business model innovation within support services require a certain degree of openness......The service industries are characterized by the involvement of stakeholders in the innovation process. The aim of this study is to understand how, in the context of business-to-business services, the interplay between operational and strategic activities of an organization can be managed across...

Business

Science.gov (United States)

Los Alamos National Laboratory Search Site submit About Mission Business Newsroom Publications Los : Environmental Documents, Reports LANL Home Calendar Search Contacts Business LANL 75th logo Business Los Alamos is a premier R&D laboratory seeking to do business with qualified companies offering value and

48 CFR 52.219-20 - Notice of Emerging Small Business Set-Aside.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... Clauses 52.219-20 Notice of Emerging Small Business Set-Aside. As prescribed in 19.1008(b), insert the following provision: Notice of Emerging Small Business Set-Aside (JAN 1991) Offers or quotations under this acquisition are solicited from emerging small business concerns only. Offers that are not from an emerging...

Controlling Business Object States in Business Process Models to Support Compliance

OpenAIRE

Peņicina, L

2016-01-01

The doctoral thesis addresses the existing gap between business process models and states of business objects. Existing modelling methods such as BPMN and ArchiMate lack an explicitly declarative approach for capturing states of business objects and laws of state transitions. This gap hinders the compliance of business process models with regulations imposed internally or externally, and can result in potential legal problems for organizations. Also this g...

E-Commerce Infusion into Business Education--Encompassing the Realities of an Emerging Business Model.

Science.gov (United States)

Morrison, James L.; Oladunjoye, Ganiyu Titi

2002-01-01

A survey of 287 business faculty found that few were infusing electronic commerce topics into existing curricula despite its growing use in business. Responses were similar regardless of faculty gender, region, and program size or level. (SK)

48 CFR 19.502-2 - Total small business set-asides.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... small business set-asides shall not be made unless such a reasonable expectation exists (but see 19.502... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Total small business set... SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS Set-Asides for Small Business 19.502-2 Total small business set...

Security Implications of Electronic Commerce: A Survey of Consumers and Businesses.

Science.gov (United States)

Furnell, S. M.; Karweni, T.

1999-01-01

Examines general requirement for security technologies that provide a basis for trust in the electronic commerce environment. Discusses the results of two surveys that included general Internet users who are potential customers as well as commercial businesses, that considered attitudes to electronic commerce in general and options relating to…

Assessing Readiness for Integration of Electronic Learning into Business Education Programmes in Tertiary Institutions in Ebonyi State

Science.gov (United States)

Nwagwu, Lazarus; Azih, Nonye

2015-01-01

The study was conducted to assess readiness for integration of electronic learning into business education programmes in tertiary institutions in Ebonyi State. Two research questions and two hypotheses guided the study. The population was 37 business education lecturers and 748 Business Education Students in tertiary institutions that offer…

Analysis of the level of knowledge and interest in the subject of e-business among students of the Higher State Vocational School in Tarnów

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daniel Pokrzyk

2014-08-01

Full Text Available The article refers to the commonly used concept of e-business. Describes the following terms: e-commers, B2B and B2C. The main purpose of writing was to show the relevance of business enterprise on the web. To confirm this we used the results of a survey conducted among the students of PWSZ in Tarnów. The survey provided information about the student's knowledge of internet business. The results of the survey confirmed the validity of the preparation and organization of a conference under the title of "eBusiness Camp" and also we encountered topics on which students would like to expand their knowledge.

Business-To-Consumer E-Commerce In Japan: Implications For Marketers

OpenAIRE

Victoria Seitz; Nabil Razzouk; Haruyoshi Takaoka

2011-01-01

The purpose of this study was to determine Japanese consumers B2C e-commerce purchases, their attitudes toward e-commerce, and the attributes that affect their Internet patronage among Japanese e-commerce businesses. Findings from a survey among 112 Japanese respondents indicated that most had made online purchases in the past and intended to use e-commerce in the future. Respondents reported that convenience was the primary advantage of e-commerce, while security issues were the major disadv...

Business ethics in E-commerce

OpenAIRE

Nguyen, Khanh

2016-01-01

The thesis studies about business ethics generally and business ethics implementation in E-commerce particularly. The main objective of the thesis is to explore how ethics is implemented in electronic business, hence research problems are those following: which kinds of ethical issues organizations have to deal with when doing online commerce; what are opportunities and challenges regards to ethics they have and how they manage them. The thesis is inclined to exploit aspects from organization...

A business case method for business models

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Meertens, Lucas Onno; Starreveld, E.; Iacob, Maria Eugenia; Nieuwenhuis, Lambertus Johannes Maria; Shishkov, Boris

2013-01-01

Intuitively, business cases and business models are closely connected. However, a thorough literature review revealed no research on the combination of them. Besides that, little is written on the evaluation of business models at all. This makes it difficult to compare different business model

RISK MANAGEMENT IN THE ELECTRONIC BUSINESS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Georgeta Soava

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Risk should not be understood as a destructive phenomenon, but bear in mind that managers who know how to use it can lead to real opportunities. Manager must first recognize the existence of risk, namely to identify and then use specific methods to avoid or reduce the risk. The purpose of this paper is to enter the world, at all simple, of risk management, relatively easy concept to understand but not so easy to put into practice. Of course, the approach relates primarily at the risks inherent of the business in digital environments, but they not represent only a particular case of the risks they are exposed, in general, the companies. In the paper we put in evidence the significance in general business, risks in e-business, then we added a description of the types of security risks, an exemplification of these and a series of test scenarios, and finally to make a analysis of operational solutions of risk management

The hotel enterprise: a business system of project business on the tourism business market

OpenAIRE

Berc Radisic, Branka; Basan, Lorena

2007-01-01

As a business system, an enterprise represents a complex, dynamic, stochastic, open and organisational system. Certain specific features of a hotel enterprise as a business system of project business result from the activity it performs and from project-based business and development management. As an enterprise based on project business, its distinguishing features include the interconnectedness of business subsystems and the overlapping a hotel enterprise’s business function.

48 CFR 206.203 - Set-asides for small business concerns.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... Competition After Exclusion of Sources 206.203 Set-asides for small business concerns. (b) Also no separate... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Set-asides for small business concerns. 206.203 Section 206.203 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION...

Determining Bakrie Telecom's Business Strategy to Boost the Revenue From Internet Data Business

OpenAIRE

Prajunianto, Prajunianto; Titus, Amol

2013-01-01

The study is aim to explore & analyze business model and business strategy for Bakrie Telecom (BTEL) in order to increase the revenue from internet data business. Trend of internet/telecommunication such as the use of smartphone (Android, IPhone, and BlackBerry) are giving significant revenue for operator. But total revenue earned by Bakrie Telecom, not quite able to offset current funds out. Issues facing Bakrie Telecom in internet data business can be overcome by applying a Business Mod...

Using Student Managed Businesses to Integrate the Business Curriculum

Science.gov (United States)

Massad, Victor J.; Tucker, Joanne M.

2009-01-01

To teach business today requires that we go beyond classroom learning and encourage real world, cross-functional experiences and applied management decision-making. This paper describes an innovative approach that requires students to apply their function-specific knowledge of business, integrated with other functional areas, to an authentic…

All-electron study of ultra-incompressible superhard material ReB2: structural and electronic properties

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yan-Ling, Li; Guo-Hua, Zhong; Zhi, Zeng

2009-01-01

This paper investigates the structural and electronic properties of rhenium diboride by first-principles calculation based on density functional theory. The obtained results show that the calculated equilibrium structural parameters of ReB 2 are in excellent agreement with experimental values. The calculated bulk modulus is 361 GPa in comparison with that of the experiment. The compressibility of ReB 2 is lower than that of well-known OsB 2 . The anisotropy of the bulk modulus is confirmed by c/a ratio as a function of pressure curve and the bulk modulus along different axes along with the electron density distribution. The high bulk modulus is attributed to the strong covalent bond between Re-d and B-p orbitals and the wider pseudogap near the Fermi level, which could be deduced from both electron charge density distribution and density of states. The band structure and density of states of ReB 2 exhibit that this material presents metallic behavior. The good metallicity and ultra-incompressibility of ReB 2 might suggest its potential application as pressure-proof conductors. (condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties)

Business owners' action planning and its relationship to business success in three African countries.

Science.gov (United States)

Frese, Michael; Krauss, Stefanie I; Keith, Nina; Escher, Susanne; Grabarkiewicz, Rafal; Luneng, Siv Tonje; Heers, Constanze; Unger, Jens; Friedrich, Christian

2007-11-01

A model of business success was developed with motivational resources (locus of control, self-efficacy, achievement motivation, and self-reported personal initiative) and cognitive resources (cognitive ability and human capital) as independent variables, business owners' elaborate and proactive planning as a mediator, and business size and growth as dependent variables. Three studies with a total of 408 African micro and small-scale business owners were conducted in South Africa, Zimbabwe, and Namibia. Structural equation analyses partially supported the hypotheses on the importance of psychological planning by the business owners. Elaborate and proactive planning was substantially related to business size and to an external evaluation of business success and was a (partial) mediator for the relationship between cognitive resources and business success. The model carries important implications for selection, training, and coaching of business owners. (c) 2007 APA

Small business development for molecular diagnostics.

Science.gov (United States)

Anagostou, Anthanasia; Liotta, Lance A

2012-01-01

Molecular profiling, which is the application of molecular diagnostics technology to tissue and blood -specimens, is an integral element in the new era of molecular medicine and individualized therapy. Molecular diagnostics is a fertile ground for small business development because it can generate products that meet immediate demands in the health-care sector: (a) Detection of disease risk, or early-stage disease, with a higher specificity and sensitivity compared to previous testing methods, and (b) "Companion diagnostics" for stratifying patients to receive a treatment choice optimized to their individual disease. This chapter reviews the promise and challenges of business development in this field. Guidelines are provided for the creation of a business model and the generation of a marketing plan around a candidate molecular diagnostic product. Steps to commercialization are outlined using existing molecular diagnostics companies as learning examples.

12 CFR 609.935 - Business planning.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Business planning. 609.935 Section 609.935 Banks and Banking FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION FARM CREDIT SYSTEM ELECTRONIC COMMERCE Standards for Boards and Management § 609.935 Business planning. When engaging in E-commerce, the business plan required...

BPMN 2.0 introduction to the standard for business process modeling

CERN Document Server

Allweyer, Thomas

2016-01-01

BPMN (Business Process Model and Notation) is the established standard for business process modeling. Only a few years after its first publication, it has gained widespread adoption in practice. All important modeling tools support BPMN diagramming. It is possible to create business-oriented diagrams, but also technical models for process execution in business process management systems (BPMS). This book provides a stepwise introduction to BPMN, using many examples close to practice. Starting with the basic elements for modeling sequence flow, all BPMN 2.0 diagrams are presented and discussed in detail. You will gain a profound understanding of the complete notation, and you will be able to make correct use of the different language elements. In the second edition, a collection of useful modeling patterns has been added. These patterns provide best-practice solutions for typical problems arising in the practice of process modeling.

Lessons From Managerial Theories for Improving Virtualness in Electronic Business

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Wassenaar, Arjen; Govindaraju, Rajesri; Govindaraju, R.; Moreno Bragado, Elisa; Moreno Bragado, Elisa; von Raesfeld Meijer, Ariane M.; Ribbers, Pieter; Swagerman, D.M.; Sieber, Pascal; Griese, Joachim

1998-01-01

Electronic business and virtual organisations are important research topics in the IS research community today. At the same time these research topics are very appropriate for interdisciplinary research. The panel aims: - presentation of lessons from managerial theories for improving organisational

FAMILY BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONAL MANAGEMENT: CASE STUDIES IN BUSINESS OF THE STATE OF SÃO PAULO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Victor Antonio Barros Belmonte

2013-01-01

Full Text Available The present study was to examine, from two case studies, management processes (strategic planning, management control systems and human resources and cultural (succession and organizational culture two family businesses in the state of São Paulo. Concepts were discussed, and specific features, as well as factors related to organizational management of family businesses (planning, control, people management, culture and succession to support the studies described. Through interviews and observation of routine business, it was concluded that there is evidence that the management in Company "B" moving towards professionalization, due to be developing a formal strategic planning. This company already has clear goals for employees and creating an area of ​​people management. In contrast, Company "A", still needs to improve its organizational structure, as there is lack of planning, strategies and formal actions, so that decisions are focused on owners and taken in light of action-reaction.

75 FR 1296 - Small Business Size Regulations; 8(a) Business Development/Small Disadvantaged Business Status...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-11

... SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 13 CFR Parts 121 and 124 Small Business Size Regulations; 8(a) Business Development/Small Disadvantaged Business Status Determinations AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Notice of public meetings; request for comments. SUMMARY: The U.S. Small Business...

Business Ethics

OpenAIRE

Duong, Thi

2016-01-01

The goal of this paper is to present examples of business ethics issues. What is business ethics, things concerned in this field are and why it is needed and important when doing business? The concept of business ethics has connotations to provision, rules and standards in directing the behavior of actors in the business. Business ethics involves compliance with the law, the implementation of ethical responsibilities of a business, the protection of the rights of those who are related to the ...

E-business adoption in Nigerian Small Business Enterprises

OpenAIRE

Olayinka, Olakunle; Wynn, Martin G; Bechkoum, Kamal

2016-01-01

Within the last decade, there has been a global increase in the use of e-business by both large and small companies. Today, it is generally acknowledged that e-business provides a range of opportunities for small businesses to operate and compete effectively; however, in developing countries such as Nigeria, there is very limited research on e-business adoption in the small business sector. This paper reviews existing literature on e-business adoption in developing countries, identifies key i...

Engaging local businesses in HIV prevention efforts: the consumer perspective.

Science.gov (United States)

Phillips-Guzman, Christina M; Martinez-Donate, Ana P; Hovell, Melbourne F; Blumberg, Elaine J; Sipan, Carol L; Rovniak, Liza S; Kelley, Norma J

2011-07-01

Participation of different community sectors, including the private business sector, is necessary to fight the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Local businesses may be reluctant to participate in HIV prevention because of fear of negative customer reactions and loss of revenue. This study examines the extent to which residents of two communities in San Diego, California, would support HIV prevention initiatives in local businesses. A population-based household survey (N = 200) is conducted in two communities with higher versus lower risk for HIV. The survey includes questions regarding the acceptability of HIV prevention activities, such as condom and brochure distribution in businesses, and history of exposure to HIV prevention activities in local businesses. Most residents agree that (a) business involvement in prevention activities would reduce HIV (92%), (b) free or low-cost condoms available in businesses could prevent the spread of HIV (90.9%) and increase condom accessibility (87%), and (c) they would prefer to shop at businesses that supported HIV prevention versus those that did not (87.4%). These findings suggest that HIV prevention in local businesses would be supported by residents and would be unlikely to adversely affect business profits. This information could be used to design interventions to engage local businesses in HIV-prevention efforts.

School-Business Partnerships: Understanding Business Perspectives

Science.gov (United States)

Badgett, Kevin

2016-01-01

School-business partnerships have been shown to enhance educational experiences for students. There has, however, been limited research demonstrating the priorities and perspectives of for-profit business leaders on those partnerships. In order to address that gap, the researcher interviewed business leaders in two different areas of Texas. After…

48 CFR 970.1907 - Subcontracting with Small Business, Small Disadvantaged Business and Woman-Owned Small Business...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... MANAGEMENT AND OPERATING CONTRACTS Small, Small Disadvantaged and Women-Owned Small Business Concerns 970.1907 Subcontracting with Small Business, Small Disadvantaged Business and Woman-Owned Small Business... Business, Small Disadvantaged Business and Woman-Owned Small Business Concerns. 970.1907 Section 970.1907...

Conceptual Model of Business Value of Business Intelligence Systems

OpenAIRE

Popovič, Aleš; Turk, Tomaž; Jaklič, Jurij

2010-01-01

With advances in the business intelligence area, there is an increasing interest for the introduction of business intelligence systems into organizations. Although the opinion about business intelligence and its creation of business value is generally accepted, economic justification of investments into business intelligence systems is not always clear. Measuring the business value of business intelligence in practice is often not carried out due to the lack of measurement methods and resourc...

Making business sense of the Internet.

Science.gov (United States)

Ghosh, S

1998-01-01

For managers in large, well-established businesses, the Internet is a tough nut to crack. It is very simple to set up a Web presence and very difficult to create a Web-based business model. Established businesses that over decades have carefully built brands and physical distribution relationships risk damaging all they have created when they pursue commerce through the Net. Still, managers can't avoid the impact of electronic commerce on their businesses. They need to understand the opportunities available to them and recognize how their companies may be vulnerable if rivals seize those opportunities first. Broadly speaking, the Internet presents four distinct types of opportunities. First, it links companies directly to customers, suppliers, and other interested parties. Second, it lets companies bypass other players in an industry's value chain. Third, it is a tool for developing and delivering new products and services to new customers. Fourth, it will enable certain companies to dominate the electronic channel of an entire industry or segment, control access to customers, and set business rules. As he elaborates on these four points, the author gives established companies a systematic way to sort through the risks and rewards of doing business in cyberspace.

Business modelling agility : Turning ideas into business

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Heikkila, J.; Heikkila, M.; Bouwman, W.A.G.A.

2015-01-01

Business Model Innovation is attracting more and more attention from business as well as from academics. Business Model Innovation deals with both technological and knowledge related changes that either may disrupt or sustain existing product/market strategies. Timing of Business Model Innovation

BUSINESS ENGLISH OUTSIDE THE BOX. BUSINESS JARGON AND ABBREVIATIONS IN BUSINESS COMMUNICATION

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pop Anamaria-Mirabela

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Business English is commonly understood language, yet Harvard Business Review called business jargon “The Silent Killer of Big Companies”. As we all have been taught in school, we are aware of the fact that in communication we must comply with linguistic rules so that our message gets across succinctly. Yet, there is one place where all these rules can be omitted (at least in the recent decades: the corporate office. Here, one can use euphemisms and clichés, can capitalize any word that is considered important, the passive voice is used wherever possible and abbreviations occur in every sentence. The worst part is that all of these linguistic enormities are carried out deliberately. The purpose of this paper is to analyse to what extent business jargon and abbreviations have affected business communication (which most of the time, it is filled with opaque language to mask different activities and operations and the reasons for which these linguistic phenomena have become so successful in the present. One of the reasons for the research is that in business English, jargon can be annoying because it overcomplicates. It is frequently unnecessary and it can transform a simple idea or instruction into something very confusing. It is true that every field has its jargon. Education, journalism, law, politics, medicine, urban planning – no filed is immune. Yet, it seems that business jargon has been described as “the most annoying”. Another reason is that jargon tends to be elitist. Those who do not understand the terms feel confused and uncertain. The paper starts with defining these two concepts, business jargon and abbreviations, and then it attempts to explain the “unusual” pervasion of these, both in business communication and in everyday communication. For this, the paper includes a list with the most common business jargon and abbreviations. In this view, the authors have accessed different economic blogs and specialty journals

OsB 2 and RuB 2, ultra-incompressible, hard materials: First-principles electronic structure calculations

Science.gov (United States)

Chiodo, S.; Gotsis, H. J.; Russo, N.; Sicilia, E.

2006-07-01

Recently it has been reported that osmium diboride has an unusually large bulk modulus combined with high hardness, and consequently is a most interesting candidate as an ultra-incompressible and hard material. The electronic and structural properties of the transition metal diborides OsB 2 and RuB 2 have been calculated within the local density approximation (LDA). It is shown that the high hardness is the result of covalent bonding between transition metal d states and boron p states in the orthorhombic structure.

Pre-Travel Medical Preparation of Business and Occupational Travelers

Science.gov (United States)

Khan, Nomana M.; Jentes, Emily S.; Brown, Clive; Han, Pauline; Rao, Sowmya R.; Kozarsky, Phyllis; Hagmann, Stefan H.F.; LaRocque, Regina C.; Ryan, Edward T.

2016-01-01

Objectives: The aim of the study was to understand more about pre-travel preparations and itineraries of business and occupational travelers. Methods: De-identified data from 18 Global TravEpiNet clinics from January 2009 to December 2012 were analyzed. Results: Of 23,534 travelers, 61% were non-occupational and 39% occupational. Business travelers were more likely to be men, had short times to departure and shorter trip durations, and commonly refused influenza, meningococcal, and hepatitis B vaccines. Most business travelers indicated that employers suggested the pre-travel health consultation, whereas non-occupational travelers sought consultations because of travel health concerns. Conclusions: Sub-groups of occupational travelers have characteristic profiles, with business travelers being particularly distinct. Employers play a role in encouraging business travelers to seek pre-travel consultations. Such consultations, even if scheduled immediately before travel, can identify vaccination gaps and increase coverage. PMID:26479857

Electronic structure and vibrational properties of KRbAl{sub 2}B{sub 2}O{sub 7}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Atuchin, V.V. [Laboratory of Optical Materials and Structures, Institute of Semiconductor Physics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk 90, 630090 (Russian Federation); Adichtchev, S.V. [Laboratory of Condensed Matter Spectroscopy, Institute of Automation and Electrometry, SB RAS, Novosibirsk 90, 630090 (Russian Federation); Bazarov, B.G.; Bazarova, Zh.G. [Laboratory of Oxide Systems, Baikal Institute of Nature Management, SB RAS, Ulan-Ude 47, 670047 (Russian Federation); Gavrilova, T.A. [Laboratory of Nanodiagnostics and Nanolithography, Institute of Semiconductor Physics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russian Federation); Grossman, V.G. [Laboratory of Oxide Systems, Baikal Institute of Nature Management, SB RAS, Ulan-Ude 47, 670047 (Russian Federation); Kesler, V.G. [Laboratory of Physical Principles for Integrated Microelectronics, Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Novosibirsk, 630090 (Russian Federation); Meng, G.S. [Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2711, Beijing 100190 (China); Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230026 (China); Lin, Z.S., E-mail: zslin@mail.ipc.ac.cn [Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2711, Beijing 100190 (China); Surovtsev, N.V. [Laboratory of Condensed Matter Spectroscopy, Institute of Automation and Electrometry, SB RAS, Novosibirsk 90, 630090 (Russian Federation)

2013-03-15

Graphical abstract: With the KRbAl{sub 2}B{sub 2}O{sub 7} powder formed by solid state synthesis (left), Raman spectrum (right upper) and XPS valence electronic states (right lower) were measured, agreed with the first-principles results. Highlights: ► KRbAl{sub 2}B{sub 2}O{sub 7} powder was obtained by solid state synthesis. ► Vibrational properties of KRbAl{sub 2}B{sub 2}O{sub 7} were determined by unpolarized Raman spectrum. ► Electronic structures of KRbAl{sub 2}B{sub 2}O{sub 7} were measured by XPS. ► Experimental electronic structure is consistent with the first-principles result. ► KRbAl{sub 2}B{sub 2}O{sub 7} has a noticeable refractive indices increase and small NLO effects decrease compared to K{sub 2}Al{sub 2}B{sub 2}O{sub 7}. - Abstract: The physical properties of KRbAl{sub 2}B{sub 2}O{sub 7} have been considered in comparison with those of K{sub 2}Al{sub 2}B{sub 2}O{sub 7} and Rb{sub 2}Al{sub 2}B{sub 2}O{sub 7}. The vibrational parameters of KRbAl{sub 2}B{sub 2}O{sub 7} have been measured by Raman spectroscopy as very similar to those of K{sub 2}Al{sub 2}B{sub 2}O{sub 7}. The electronic structures of KRbAl{sub 2}B{sub 2}O{sub 7} have been evaluated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio computations using CASTEP package. A noticeable refractive indices increase and small decrease of nonlinear optical properties have been found in KRbAl{sub 2}B{sub 2}O{sub 7} in reference to optical parameters of K{sub 2}Al{sub 2}B{sub 2}O{sub 7}.

Understanding the IT/business partnership - a business process perspective

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Siurdyban, Artur

2014-01-01

From a business process perspective, the business value of information technologies (IT) stems from how they improve or enable business processes. At the same time, in the field of strategic IT/business alignment, the locus of discussion has been how IT/business partnerships enhance the value of IT....... Despite this apparent relationship, the business process perspective has been absent from the IT/business alignment discussion. In this paper, we use the case of an industrial company to develop a model for understanding IT/business partnerships in business process terms. Based on our findings, we define...... these partnerships by allocating responsibilities between central IT and the local business during two stages of a process lifecycle: formation and standardization. The significance of the findings lies in how the model’s configuration leads to different types of IT units’ process centricity. This in turn affects...

Competitiveness of Family Businesses

NARCIS (Netherlands)

M.A.A.M. Leenders (Mark); E. Waarts (Eric)

2001-01-01

textabstractThe purpose of this study is to systematically examine the advantages and disadvantages of different types of family businesses. We distinguish four different types of family businesses based on their family and business orientation: (1) House of Business, (2) Family Money Machine, (3)

Business Networks and Cooperation in International Business Relationships

OpenAIRE

Desirée Blankenburg Holm; Kent Eriksson; Jan Johanson

1996-01-01

Cooperative relationships between firms can be better understood if they are examined in the context of a network of connected business relationships. Based on research on business relationships and business networks, this paper formulates a LISREL model that analyses cooperation in international business relationships between suppliers and customer firms. Theory suggests that cooperation can raise the value of business relationships, and that business network connections have an impact on co...

Involving business users in business rules lifecycle

OpenAIRE

Thorževskij, Sašo

2010-01-01

Organizations operate in dynamic environments, which require continuous modifications of business policies. The latter also implies changes in business informatics, the basis for effective and prosperous operation. To answer to the constant need for modifications and adaptations, a new approach to information systems design and implementation has been developed, based on separating business rules from the rest of the information system. In such solutions, business rule execution is entrusted ...

NASA to launch second business communications satellite

Science.gov (United States)

1981-01-01

The two stage Delta 3910 launch vehicle was chosen to place the second small business satellite (SBS-B) into a transfer orbit with an apogee of 36,619 kilometers and a perigee of 167 km, at an inclination of 27.7 degrees to Earth's equator. The firing and separation sequence and the inertial guidance system are described as well as the payload assist module. Facilities and services for tracking and control by NASA, COMSAT, Intelsat, and SBS are outlined and prelaunch operations are summarized.

Don't hate the business, become the business

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Andersen, Christian Ulrik; Cox, Geoff; Pold, Søren Bro

intersections between business and art become a crucial territory for re-invention and the rewriting of symbolic and cultural codes, generating political actions or social hacks that use a deep level of irony, but also unexpected consequences. The tactics demonstrate the permeability of systems — that these can...... this mean that well-meaning critical strategies of artists and activists are self-defeating? How do we develop disruptive business models that do not simply become new models for business that ultimately follow capitalist logic? We maintain there is nothing wrong with doing business as such.......DON’T HATE THE BUSINESS, BECOME THE BUSINESS The panel investigates some of the interconnections between art, activism and business. “Don’t hate the media, become the media”, was one of the slogans of Indymedia. We are applying this critical hands-on perspective to the business framework...

77 FR 109 - Inquiry To Learn Whether Businesses Assert Business Confidentiality Claims Regarding Waste Import...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-01-03

... definition of ``affected business,'' and are not covered by today's notice. They consist of any business that.... Certain businesses, however, do not meet the definition of ``affected business,'' and are not covered by... Businesses Assert Business Confidentiality Claims Regarding Waste Import and Export AGENCY: Environmental...