Subsidies as an external source of financing business investments

OpenAIRE

CAPOUCHOVÁ, Jana

2014-01-01

The aim of Bachelor thesis is to introduce the basic terminology used in financial management, to characterize the situation of financing in the business sphere and process area of subsudies. The analysis of financing sources and the proposition of investment project and its financing with the use grant programs in the monitored company.

An Empirical Investigation Into The Cost Of Business Financing In ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

An Empirical Investigation Into The Cost Of Business Financing In The Nigerian Financial System. ... Log in or Register to get access to full text downloads. ... finance by investors even for long – term finance because the SMES which constitute ...

Adaptation Finance: Linking Research, Policy, and Business | CRDI ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Adaptation Finance: Linking Research, Policy, and Business. This project will train up to 36 emerging climate change leaders in the field of adaptation finance, which funds efforts to adapt to climate change impacts. The goal is to bring together participants from research, policy, and private sector backgrounds to equip them ...

Innovative business models and financing mechanisms for distributed solar PV (DSPV) deployment in China

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang, Sufang

2016-01-01

The Chinese government has in recent years put in place a large number of incentive policies for distributed solar PV (DSPV). However, some of these policies have not been well performed due to many constraints, particularly the lack of innovative business models and financing mechanisms. This paper looks into this issue through the approach of combining literature review and interactive research, including interactions with managers from China's policy and commercial banks and PV projects. A comprehensive literature review on DSPV business models and financing mechanisms are firstly reviewed. Then the rapid evolving business models and financing mechanisms in the United States are examined, which provides some insights for China. Subsequent to this, the existing innovative business models and financing mechanisms for DSPV deployment in China and challenges facing them are discussed. Built on this discussion, policy recommendations are provided at the end of the paper. This study provides some insights for renewable energy policy makers in China as well as in other countries. - Highlights: •Reviewed literature on DSPV business models and financing mechanisms. •Presented the US DSPV business models and financing mechanisms. •Examined China's DSPV business models and financing mechanisms. •Made policy recommendations for DSPV deployment in China.

Constraints on decision making regarding post-commencement finance in Business rescue

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marius Pretorius

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Since its introduction, business rescue has become a critical consideration in business strategy decision making. One of the critical components of business rescue, which appears largely unsuccessful to date, involves securing post-commencement finance (PCF to restore the company’s financial health. Despite extensive theory in the literature on failure, there is a void regarding post-commencement finance. Specialist practitioners and financiers with extensive experience in rescue and turnaround were interviewed in this study. Findings showed that many critical factors and reasons for lack of interest are due to the newness of the South African Companies Act 71 of 2008 (introduced May 2011. These include business rescue filing being left too late; the poor financial state of the business that files for rescue; and the significant impact on the outcome by some of the key players (especially the financiers and business rescue practitioners. Better understanding of this aspect would be beneficial for creditors, rescue practitioners, shareholders, government regulators, court officials and educators alike. Key words: business rescue, post-commencement finance, turnaround, decision making

FINANCING OF NEW BUSINESS IDEAS IN SMALL ENTERPRISES

OpenAIRE

Adrian Dumitru Tantau; Laurentiu Catalin Fratila; Daniela Liliana Hincu

2008-01-01

Financing represents a central element of entrepreneurship. Financial resources allow developing new business projects and start up of activities of small enterprises. Unfortunately, the restrict credit politics for small enterprises and the absence of their resources represent important obstacle for implementation of new business ideas. In our research, we try to identify the main problems which oppose to the promotion of business ideas in small enterprises.

Incentive Structure of Financing a Project: An Islamic Finance Approach

OpenAIRE

Lone, Fayaz Ahmad; Quadir, Abdul

2017-01-01

Financing is an important component in any project. Without finance, it is impossible to run any project as it is considered the lifeblood of the business. But due to the presence of predetermined rate of interest, economists have provided alternative approach for financing the project. In this paper a model using Profit and Loss Sharing (PLS) system and comparison of it with the conventional financing model is developed. Thrust in this paper is towards establishing a new theoretical reasonin...

The New Community College Business and Finance Model

Science.gov (United States)

Myran, Gunder

2013-01-01

The term "community college business and finance model" is unlikely to evoke a positive response from educators who resist labeling students as "customers," do not want to call the college's offerings "products," and don't like to hear the college referred to as a "business." Faculty and staff tend…

13 CFR 107.840 - Maximum term of Financing.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Maximum term of Financing. 107.840... COMPANIES Financing of Small Businesses by Licensees Structuring Licensee's Financing of An Eligible Small Business: Terms and Conditions of Financing § 107.840 Maximum term of Financing. The maximum term of any...

Carbon Finance – A Platform for Development of Sustainable Business in Kuwait

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ahmed Nahar AL-HUSSAINI

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Since 1880, the temperature of global has increased by 0.85 degree Celsius. Due to the increase in temperature, the impact of climate change is constantly increasing, which is known as global warming. The increase in temperature is due to emission of greenhouse gases. Carbon dioxide is a major greenhouse gas, which is capable of causing serious hazardous influence to the environment. Carbon emission reduction and low-carbon economy development have become global targets and national policy in both developing and developed countries. Carbon finance is a tool for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG emissions using a process called capture and storage (CCS. Using this process, the carbon dioxide is captured and stored for further usage as a renewable resource. Carbon finance has a high impact on the growth of sustainable business development. This research analyzes the various possibilities of developing sustainable business through carbon trading in Kuwait and the strategic options offered by both government, as well as private sectors for carbon trading in Kuwait. The central focus of research is to discover the role of carbon finance in developing sustainable business and environmental quality. Since no previous research is conducted on the specific role of carbon finance in developing a sustainable business preferably in Kuwait, the influence of carbon financing in sustainable business development and environmental quality are analyzed in this research.

13 CFR 107.820 - Financings in the form of guarantees.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Financings in the form of... BUSINESS INVESTMENT COMPANIES Financing of Small Businesses by Licensees Structuring Licensee's Financing of Eligible Small Businesses: Types of Financing § 107.820 Financings in the form of guarantees. At...

Students' attitudes towards use of COMPUSTAT in teaching an introductory course in business finance.

Science.gov (United States)

Sachdeva, Darshan

2007-10-01

This paper describes the use of the COMPUSTAT database in teaching an introductory course in business finance at a large College of Business Administration. To understand students' attitudes towards this innovative method of instruction in business finance, a simple one-page questionnaire of 10 attitudinal statements was used. Responses of 148 students, analyzed by chi square, indicated students were unanimous in their opinion that the World Wide Web greatly paved the way in data retrieval from the COMPUSTAT database. They further reported that this interface facilitated analyses for the course. Also their understanding of finance was enhanced, and they were motivated to learn more. They seem to be highly in favor of using COMPUSTAT database in the introductory courses in business finance and expressed this view by suggesting that this financial database should be made an integral part of teaching other courses in finance.

13 CFR 107.830 - Minimum duration/term of financing.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Minimum duration/term of financing... INVESTMENT COMPANIES Financing of Small Businesses by Licensees Structuring Licensee's Financing of An Eligible Small Business: Terms and Conditions of Financing § 107.830 Minimum duration/term of financing. (a...

Data on the relationships between financing strategies, entrepreneurial competencies and business growth of technology-based SMEs in Nigeria.

Science.gov (United States)

Ibidunni, Ayodotun Stephen; Kehinde, Oladele Joseph; Ibidunni, Oyebisi Mary; Olokundun, Maxwell Ayodele; Olubusayo, Falola Hezekiah; Salau, Odunayo Paul; Borishade, Taiye Tairat; Fred, Peter

2018-06-01

The article presents data on the relationship between financing strategies, entrepreneurial competencies and business growth of technology-based SMEs in Nigeria. Copies of structured questionnaire were administered to 233 SME owners and financial managers. Using descriptive and standard multiple regression statistical analysis, the data revealed that venture capital and business donations significantly influences profit growth of technology-based SMEs. Moreover, the data revealed that technology-`based firms can enhance their access to financing through capacity building in entrepreneurial competencies, such as acquiring the right skills and attitude.

Financing Asset Sales and Business Cycles

OpenAIRE

Arnold, Marc; Hackbarth, Dirk; Puhan, Tatjana-Xenia

2013-01-01

This paper analyzes the decision of firms to sell assets to fund investments (financing asset sales). For a sample of U.S. manufacturing firms during the 1971-2010 period, we document new stylized facts about financing asset sales that cannot be explained by traditional motives for selling assets, such as financial distress or financing constraints. Using a structural model of financing, investment, and macroeconomic risk, we show that financing asset sales attenuate the debt overhang problem...

13 CFR 107.835 - Exceptions to minimum duration/term of Financing.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

.../term of Financing. 107.835 Section 107.835 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION SMALL BUSINESS INVESTMENT COMPANIES Financing of Small Businesses by Licensees Structuring Licensee's Financing of An Eligible Small Business: Terms and Conditions of Financing § 107.835 Exceptions to minimum...

CRAUDFUNDING AS A PERSPECTIVE MODEL OF FINANCING BUSINESS IDEAS AND PROJECTS

OpenAIRE

Vyacheslav Riznyk; Nadiya Riznyk

2018-01-01

The subject of research is crowdfunding as an alternative model of attracting financing for the implementation business ideas and projects based on the use of crowdfunding Internet platforms. The purpose of the article is to clarify the possibilities of crowdfunding as a new financial instrument and a promising source of funding. The aim of the article is to consider crowdfunding as an alternative model for financing author's business ideas and projects, to analyze the main types and mo...

Project Investment and Project Financing: A study on Business Case and Financing Models

OpenAIRE

Wang, Simiao

2012-01-01

Uncertainty is a very significant factor that must be taken into consideration in project front-end phase management. By taking into uncertainty, the planners can to a great extent make sure that the business case could be accurate between specific intervals, hence business case can be based on to make decision. In a highly uncertain environment; the project sponsors should prefer other means to finance the project rather than using debt. Risk management is extremely important in project fina...

13 CFR 107.815 - Financings in the form of Debt Securities.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Financings in the form of Debt... BUSINESS INVESTMENT COMPANIES Financing of Small Businesses by Licensees Structuring Licensee's Financing of Eligible Small Businesses: Types of Financing § 107.815 Financings in the form of Debt Securities...

Business plans in bank decision-making when financing new ventures in South Africa

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M Pretorius

2004-04-01

Full Text Available This article focuses on the position that South African commercial banks adopt when evaluating an application for finance of new business ventures. The role and importance of the business plan in the decision-making process is highlighted and investigated. This article begins to qualitatively describe the decision-making processes, criteria and processes instituted by the four major South African commercial banks that between them serve 96 per cent of the banking services for small business. It then questions the barriers placed on applicants applying for finance and recommends how these barriers can be removed. The article concludes that banks finance business ventures with poor potential for success if the applicant is creditworthy or has the necessary security rather than assist applicants with good plans and ventures with potential, but lacking sufficient security.

13 CFR 107.860 - Financing fees and expense reimbursements a Licensee may receive from a Small Business.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Financing fees and expense... § 107.860 Financing fees and expense reimbursements a Licensee may receive from a Small Business. You may collect Financing fees and receive expense reimbursements from a Small Business only as permitted...

U.S. financing for international independent power production projects: Legal and business issues

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Buehler, J.E. Jr.

1990-01-01

Fundamental changes are occurring in the capital and project development markets both domestically and internationally. In the United States, the capital market has undergone dramatic changes recently, characterized by clubbed debt structures, uncertain pricing spreads, and declining leverage ratios. In response, project sponsors and their investment bankers have created innovative debt and equity structures to attract investors while at the same time minimizing project risk and preserving the flexibility for the project to operate optimally. The structure of a project financing, either U.S. or international, will vary depending on (1) the differing project management/control concerns, financial goals and risk profiles of the developer, equipment and fuel suppliers, bank lenders and equity sources, (2) regulatory issues, such as compliance with the Public Utility Holding Company Act (PUHCA) in the U.S. and similar national utility legislation in the host foreign country, and (3) the tax implications of a given structure to the project owner, lender, and equity supplier. In response to these investor-specific goals and/or constraints, various forms of project structures have been developed. The focus of this paper is on legal and business issues which arise in international project finance, using U.S.project finance as a model that expresses the risk profile that U.S. financial institutions are accustomed to and overlaying the unique risks that are added to project financing which are international in nature

Innovative Forms of Financing the Creation and Development of Small Business

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yermak Svitlana O.

2017-06-01

Full Text Available For small enterprises, unlike large ones, the issue of fundraising emerges both in the process of their creation, development and current activity. Small enterprises are experiencing quite a high demand for additional sources of financing. The aim of the research is to study innovative forms of financing the creation and development of small enterprises, their advantages and disadvantages. At present in addition to traditional ways of raising capital, such as bank loans or public offering of shares among external investors (IPOs, there exist a number of alternative options. Among them the most common are grants, international programs, loans from international banks and financial institutions, such as EBRD (European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, IFC (International Finance Corporation, NEFCO (Nordic Environment Finance Corporation, KfW (Kreditanstalt f?r Wiederaufbau, fundraising, crowdsourcing, crowdfunding, and angel investment. The article studies in detail the last two ways of financing: their essence, components, positive and negative features, experience of application in Ukraine and the world. The research shows that crowdfunding is suitable for business development at the early stages, that is, for those enterprises that require, for example, to complete prototyping and start mass production of their first product. Business angels can be a good choice for enterprises that already have a permanent customer base and want to grow their business.

13 CFR 107.810 - Financings in the form of Loans.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Financings in the form of Loans... INVESTMENT COMPANIES Financing of Small Businesses by Licensees Structuring Licensee's Financing of Eligible Small Businesses: Types of Financing § 107.810 Financings in the form of Loans. You may make Loans to...

小企业融资缺口及来源特征分析%Analysis on Financing Gap and Financing Source in Small Businesses

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

蔡真

2012-01-01

According to the investigation of financing gap and financing source of small businesses, we find that the business size and age are typical factors impacting financing of small business.Comparing the current financing source and willingness of small businesses with their start-up period,we can find that the problem of financing difficulty is still serious,although the choices of small businesses' financing expand with their growth age.The analysis on loan's source shows that small business get more proportions of loan from big banks than from small ones for the development of small businesses' loan technology based on "hard information". However,big banks scarcely provide long-term capital for small businesses.%根据对小企业融资缺口和来源特征的调查分析,小企业融资难存在典型的规模和年龄特征。对小企业初创和当前融资来源以及融资意愿的比较发现,尽管伴随企业成长,融资方式的选择有所扩展,但依然存在深度的融资难问题。对贷款来源的分析表明,基于＂硬信息＂的小企业贷款技术的发展,大银行对小企业的融资比例超过小银行,但小企业依然很难从大银行获得长期资金。

13 CFR 108.820 - Financings in the form of guarantees.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Financings in the form of... VENTURE CAPITAL (âNMVCâ) PROGRAM Financing of Small Businesses by NMVC Companies Structuring Nmvc Company's Financing of Eligible Small Businesses § 108.820 Financings in the form of guarantees. (a) General...

Mountain Plains Learning Experience Guide: Marketing. Course: Business Finance and Control.

Science.gov (United States)

Egan, B.

One of thirteen individualized courses included in a marketing curriculum, this course covers control of expenses, inventory control, analysis of financial statements, and government regulations pertaining to business. The course is comprised of three units: (1) Fundamentals of Finance, (2) Merchandise Finance and Control, and (3) Food and…

Business models and financing options for a rapid scale-up of rooftop solar power systems in Thailand

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tongsopit, Sopitsuda; Moungchareon, Sunee; Aksornkij, Apinya; Potisat, Tanai

2016-01-01

Diverse solar PV business models and financing options exist in the international landscape, helping expand and accelerate the adoption of rooftop solar PV systems. The conditions for their emergence are context specific, depending on the policies, regulations, incentives, and market conditions of each country. After a review of the international landscape, this paper compiles and analyzes business models and financing options for rooftop solar PV investment in Thailand that have emerged during the period between 2013 and 2015. Despite policy discontinuity for the support of rooftop solar systems, diverse business models and financing options are driving market expansion and expanding solar access to more Thai consumers. Drawing on our policy and regulatory analyses and in-depth interviews with business representatives, we identify four types of business models and one financing option. The business models include Roof Rental, Solar PPA, Solar Leasing, and Community Solar, and the financing option is the solar loan. We analyze the drivers for their emergence, barriers to their success, and the risks from the business owners' and consumers' viewpoints. Our policy recommendation is focused on crafting a net-metering regulation with evidence-based studies on the potential costs and benefits to different stakeholders. - Highlights: •Advances understanding on PV business models in urban developing countries' context. •Reviews emerging rooftop solar business models in Thailand. •Thailand has a dynamic solar market despite policy uncertainties.

Financing Distributed Generation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Walker, A.

2001-01-01

This paper introduces the engineer who is undertaking distributed generation projects to a wide range of financing options. Distributed generation systems (such as internal combustion engines, small gas turbines, fuel cells and photovoltaics) all require an initial investment, which is recovered over time through revenues or savings. An understanding of the cost of capital and financing structures helps the engineer develop realistic expectations and not be offended by the common requirements of financing organizations. This paper discusses several mechanisms for financing distributed generation projects: appropriations; debt (commercial bank loan); mortgage; home equity loan; limited partnership; vendor financing; general obligation bond; revenue bond; lease; Energy Savings Performance Contract; utility programs; chauffage (end-use purchase); and grants. The paper also discusses financial strategies for businesses focusing on distributed generation: venture capital; informal investors (''business angels''); bank and debt financing; and the stock market

13 CFR 108.800 - Financings in the form of equity interests.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Financings in the form of equity... VENTURE CAPITAL (âNMVCâ) PROGRAM Financing of Small Businesses by NMVC Companies Structuring Nmvc Company's Financing of Eligible Small Businesses § 108.800 Financings in the form of equity interests. You...

Factors influencing access to finance by SMEs in Mozambique: Case of SMEs in Maputo central business district

OpenAIRE

Osano, Hezron Mogaka; Languitone, Hilario

2016-01-01

SMEs play an important role in the economic development of Mozambique. Access to finance is important for the growth of SMEs. Thus, the purpose of the study was to establish the factors that influence access to finance by SMEs. The factors that were addressed included structure of financial sector, awareness of funding opportunities, collateral requirements, and small business support services. The target population was 2725 which comprised of 2075 staff of three Banks, namely BIM Bank, BCI B...

Financing Distributed Generation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Walker, A.

2001-06-29

This paper introduces the engineer who is undertaking distributed generation projects to a wide range of financing options. Distributed generation systems (such as internal combustion engines, small gas turbines, fuel cells and photovoltaics) all require an initial investment, which is recovered over time through revenues or savings. An understanding of the cost of capital and financing structures helps the engineer develop realistic expectations and not be offended by the common requirements of financing organizations. This paper discusses several mechanisms for financing distributed generation projects: appropriations; debt (commercial bank loan); mortgage; home equity loan; limited partnership; vendor financing; general obligation bond; revenue bond; lease; Energy Savings Performance Contract; utility programs; chauffage (end-use purchase); and grants. The paper also discusses financial strategies for businesses focusing on distributed generation: venture capital; informal investors (''business angels''); bank and debt financing; and the stock market.

7 CFR 4290.840 - Maximum term of Financing.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE RURAL BUSINESS INVESTMENT COMPANY (âRBICâ) PROGRAM Financing of Enterprises by RBICs Structuring Rbic Financing of Eligible Enterprises-Types of Financings...

7 CFR 4290.830 - Minimum term of Financing.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE RURAL BUSINESS INVESTMENT COMPANY (âRBICâ) PROGRAM Financing of Enterprises by RBICs Structuring Rbic Financing of Eligible Enterprises-Types of Financings...

Development of Green Business as an Approach to Financing the Greening of Economy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Natal’ya Nikolaevna Yashalova

2016-11-01

Full Text Available The issues of green economy development are in the focus of attention of Russian and foreign scientists. Its formation was influenced by environmental activities financing sources. The article presents the description of budgetary and extra-budgetary environmental protection financing. Special attention is paid to the need to strengthen private financial support of environmentally determined activities, which can be implemented as part of development of ecopreneurship. The purpose of this article is to identify the trends in budgetary and extra-budgetary environmental protection financing and resource conservation in the Russian Federation and to rationalize theoretically the necessity of business participation in financing of environment-related business ideas, which is aimed at supporting the greening of economic activity at the regional level. The methods of empirical and statistical research, systematization and generalization of information have been used. SWOT analysis has identified the strengths and weaknesses of green business, as well as the opportunities for and threats to its development. The study systematizes the information on the sources of financing of environment-related activities, identifies their strengths and weaknesses, and analyzes statistical data on financial aspects of environmental protection. It has been established that the financing of environmental activities in the regions is carried out according to the residual principle; most of the sources of environment financing are unavailable to economic entities; indirect assistance in the implementation of environment-related management finds absolutely no application. The material presented in this paper can be used by public authorities in the development of measures to facilitate the transition to green economy and may also be applicable in the educational process. The authors conclude that the successful transition of Russian regions to the path of sustainable

Decision Sciences, Economics, Finance, Business, Computing, and Big Data: Connections

NARCIS (Netherlands)

C-L. Chang (Chia-Lin); M.J. McAleer (Michael); W.-K. Wong (Wing-Keung)

2018-01-01

textabstractThis paper provides a review of some connecting literature in Decision Sciences, Economics, Finance, Business, Computing, and Big Data. We then discuss some research that is related to the six cognate disciplines. Academics could develop theoretical models and subsequent

'Show me the money': energy projects financing

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ball, C.

2006-01-01

This paper describes the business and business model of Corpfinance International (CFI). CFI consists of three businesses: structured financing, private equity/corporate finance advisory and securitization. Furthermore, CFI is the lender of record acting on behalf of and based on strong relationship with various Life Insurance Companies, Pension Funds and International Banks. CFI has in-house expertise in support of its lending advisory and investing activities

Specialized financing techniques

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shepherd, J.

1992-01-01

Specific financing techniques applicable to wind energy projects in Canada are discussed. A limited partnership is the classic Canadian approach to tax-advantaged financing. For a typical wind project, the limited partners would get an internal rate of return of around 8% over 20 years as well as income tax deductions on Class 34 investments. This rate can be improved if the investors borrow some of the money; they get tax-free cash flow while having deductible loan interest, raising their rate of return after taxes to ca 9-10%. Special situation investors can get to take all of the Class 34 deduction right away, raising their return up to the 12% range. These investors include principal business corporations (such as utilities or oil companies), or companies who have sold their business. A second type of financing structure is related to inflation-indexed debt. The loan is structured like a mortgage, with the annual payments indexed to inflation but nevertheless low enough to provide an early positive cash flow from the project. Other possible financing structures are the immigrant investor fund and the provincial incentive corporations

Fuzzy logic for business, finance, and management

CERN Document Server

Bojadziev, George

1997-01-01

This is an interdisciplinary book for knowledge workers in business, finance, management, and socio-economic sciences. It provides a guide to and techniques for forecasting, decision making, conclusions, and evaluations in an environment involving uncertainty, vagueness, and impression. Traditional modeling techniques do not capture the nature of complex systems especially when humans are involved. Fuzzy logic provides effective tools for dealing with such systems. Emphasis is on applications presented in case studies including Time Forecasting for Project Management, New Product Pricing, Clie

Business groups, financing constraints and investment : The case of India

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Lensink, R; Van der Molen, R; Gangopadhyay, S

2003-01-01

We examine the effect of business group affiliation on corporate investment behaviour in India. More specifically, we test whether group affiliation reduces financing constraints for the affiliated firms. We use a data set containing 694 listed Indian companies for the 1989-97 period. We estimate a

The cost conundrum: financing the business of health care insurance.

Science.gov (United States)

Kelly, Annemarie

2013-01-01

Health care spending in both the governmental and private sectors skyrocketed over the last century. This article examines the rapid growth of health care expenditures by analyzing the extent of this financial boom as well some of the reasons why health care financing has become so expensive. It also explores how the market concentration of insurance companies has led to growing insurer profits, fewer insurance providers, and less market competition. Based on economic data primarily from the Government Accountability Office, the Kaiser Family Foundation, and the American Medical Associa tion, it has become clear that this country needs more competitive rates for the business of health insurance. Because of the unique dynamics of health insurance payments and financing, America needs to promote affordability and innovation in the health insurance market and lower the market's high concentration levels. In the face of booming insurance profits, soaring premiums, many believe that in our consolidated health insurance market, the "business of insurance" should not be exempt from antitrust laws. All in all, it is in our nation's best interest that Congress restore the application of antitrust laws to health sector insurers by passing the Health Insurance Industry Antitrust Enforcement Act as an amendment to the McCarran-Ferguson Act's "business of insurance" provision.

Musharakah Tijarah Cross-Border Financing: Concept, Structure and Salient Features

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sharullizuannizam Salehuddin

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Musharakah Tijarah Cross-Border Financing (“Product” is the product to enable the Bank to undertake project and contract cross-border financing activities or other identified business ventures on “pure” Joint Venture basis, using the underlying Islamic financing contract of Musharakah. Musharakah concept has a low market share of less than 2.5% in the overall existing Islamic financing products in Malaysia. This product encourages mobilization of idle capital / cash entities and thus provides a basis for economic cooperation between these organizations in the society. The product also is expected to inject greater prosper to the Bank’s overall performance and ultimately able to assist small time landowners in a big way through business risk sharing. Musharakah provides an alternative investment, which will cater for Islamic investors and partners, especially from GCC, who may have been reluctant to invest in conventional or current debt-based financing scheme. With Musharakah concept, the most preferred and globally accepted Islamic financing, this can attract these investors to participate on similar risk-sharing arrangements through the creation of Specific Investment Account (SIA or Islamic Syndication to back financing made into the Joint Venture.

Analysis of Performance Factors for Accounting and Finance Related Business Courses in A Distance Education Environment

OpenAIRE

BENLIGIRAY, Serdar; ONAY, Ahmet

2017-01-01

The objective of this study is to explore business courses performance factors with a focus on accounting and finance. Course score interrelations are assumed to represent interpretable constructs of these factors. Factor analysis is proposed to identify the constructs that explain the correlations. Factor analysis results identify three sub-groups of business core courses. The first group is labeled as management-oriented courses. Accounting, finance and economics courses are separated in tw...

Developing a framework for relationship intention, satisfaction, loyalty and retention of SMEs in the business-to-business financing environment / Margaretha Henriëtha Mentz

OpenAIRE

Mentz, Margaretha Henriëtha

2014-01-01

In the business-to-business (B2B) financing industry, financiers offering financing to SMEs are finding it increasingly difficult to attract new customers and to retain existing customers. One way of attracting and retaining customers is by creating superior customer satisfaction, as it is believed that customer satisfaction leads to loyalty which ultimately results in customer retention. Customer satisfaction could also be an important indicator as to whether customers would want to build lo...

Female-owned businesses and access to finance: evidence from the ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Thus, they do not have the same access to sources of information and capital. Female-owned businesses tend to rely on informal finance sources because of the unwillingness of the formal sector to lend to them. Female-owned clients are also effectively shut out from the formal market due to high collateral requirements ...

Angels and IPOs: Policies for Sustainable Equity Financing of Irish Small Businesses

OpenAIRE

Mulcahy, Diane

2005-01-01

Angels and IPOs: Policies for Sustainable Equity Financing of Irish Small Businesses explores the rationale for the Irish government?s investments of more than 300 million Euro in Irish companies and the domestic venture capital industry. It challenges the conventional wisdom that there is an `equity gap? of early stage risk capital in Ireland. In the context of the equity financing cycle, it discusses the limited supply of angel capital available to Irish firms as well as the `exit gap? resu...

Exploring Professional Identity Shift: A Case of Business Partnering in Finance

Science.gov (United States)

Hilgart, Erin A.

2017-01-01

The purpose of this study was to increase what is known about how professionals engage in professional identity shift as they adapt to changing roles and expectations in the workplace. Given the organizational, institutional, and regulatory changes increasing the need for finance professionals to engage in business partnering, this study explored…

Stabilization of business cycles of finance agents using nonlinear optimal control

Science.gov (United States)

Rigatos, G.; Siano, P.; Ghosh, T.; Sarno, D.

2017-11-01

Stabilization of the business cycles of interconnected finance agents is performed with the use of a new nonlinear optimal control method. First, the dynamics of the interacting finance agents and of the associated business cycles is described by a modeled of coupled nonlinear oscillators. Next, this dynamic model undergoes approximate linearization round a temporary operating point which is defined by the present value of the system's state vector and the last value of the control inputs vector that was exerted on it. The linearization procedure is based on Taylor series expansion of the dynamic model and on the computation of Jacobian matrices. The modelling error, which is due to the truncation of higher-order terms in the Taylor series expansion is considered as a disturbance which is compensated by the robustness of the control loop. Next, for the linearized model of the interacting finance agents, an H-infinity feedback controller is designed. The computation of the feedback control gain requires the solution of an algebraic Riccati equation at each iteration of the control algorithm. Through Lyapunov stability analysis it is proven that the control scheme satisfies an H-infinity tracking performance criterion, which signifies elevated robustness against modelling uncertainty and external perturbations. Moreover, under moderate conditions the global asymptotic stability features of the control loop are proven.

Learning Activities for International Business.

Science.gov (United States)

Haynes, Thomas

1998-01-01

The National Standards for Business Education include nine areas relating to international business: awareness, communication, environmental factors, ethics, finance, management, marketing, import/export, and organizational structure of international business. (SK)

78 FR 37409 - Small Business Size Standards: Finance and Insurance and Management of Companies and Enterprises

Science.gov (United States)

2013-06-20

... and Insurance and Management of Companies and Enterprises AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration..., Finance and Insurance, and for two industries in NAICS Sector 55, Management of Companies and Enterprises..., Finance and Insurance, and in NAICS code Sector 55, Management of Companies and Enterprises, to determine...

Financing Structure and Liquidity Risk: Lesson from Malaysian Experience

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Abdul-Rahman Aisyah

2017-05-01

Full Text Available This study examines the relationship between financing structure and bank liquidity risk. We compare the findings between Islamic and conventional banks for the case of Malaysia. We adopt four measures to represent financing structure; namely 1 real estate financing, 2 financing concentration, 3 stability of short-term financing structure and 4 stability of medium-term financing structure. Two BASEL III liquidity risk measures are tested; namely, liquidity coverage ratio (LCR and the net stable funding ratio (NSFR to measure short- and long-term liquidity risk, respectively. Based on panel data regression comprising 27 conventional and 17 Islamic banks from 1994 to 2014, our findings show that real estate financing and stability of short-term financing structure for Islamic banks are positively related to both liquidity risk measures. This implies that an increasing number of real estate financing and a stable short-term financing structure may increase Islamic banks’ short- and long-term liquidity risks. However, although real estate financing does not affect conventional banks’ liquidity risks, a stable short-term financing structure and increasing financing concentration can positively influence bank long-term liquidity risk. Our findings shed light crucial policy implications for regulatory bodies and market players in the context of liquidity risk management framework as well as the need to develop a separate framework between conventional and Islamic banking institutions.

Organising the Finances For and the Finances From Transnational Corporate Bribery

OpenAIRE

Lord, Nicholas; Michael Levi,

2016-01-01

This article analyses the finances for and the finances from corporate bribery in international business transactions and how they are organised. Transnational corporate bribery involves non-criminal commercial enterprises that operate in licit markets but that use corrupt means to win or maintain business contracts inforeign jurisdictions. This article first considers what needs to be financed, how much finance is needed, and how the bribes can be generated and distributed. Second, the artic...

13 CFR 108.720 - Small Businesses that may be ineligible for financing.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... law, or inconsistent with free competitive enterprise. (g) Foreign investment—(1) General rule. You... a direct Financing to such Small Businesses would cause any of your investors to incur unrelated...). Your investment of funds in such corporation(s) will not constitute a violation of § 108.730(a). (c...

77 FR 55737 - Small Business Size Standards: Finance and Insurance and Management of Companies and Enterprises

Science.gov (United States)

2012-09-11

... 3245-AG45 Small Business Size Standards: Finance and Insurance and Management of Companies and Enterprises AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Proposed rule. SUMMARY: The U.S. Small... NAICS Sector 55, Management of Companies and Enterprises. In addition, SBA proposes to change the...

Structure of financing investments in the energy sector

OpenAIRE

Kowal Barbara; Ranosz Robert; Sobczyk Wiktoria

2017-01-01

The purpose of this article is to discuss the issues of financing investments in the fuel and energy sector. The manner of financing business activities of every company depends on the decisions made by the management board, which need to take into consideration the effective striving for optimal level of the capital cost. The capital raised by the companies from the aforesaid sector may be in the form of equity or outside capital. This study depicts such sources of capital as bank loans a...

13 CFR 120.476 - Prohibited financing.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Prohibited financing. 120.476... Business Lending Companies (sblc) § 120.476 Prohibited financing. An SBLC may not make a loan to a small business that has received financing (or a commitment for financing) from an SBIC that is an Associate of...

Monetary policy as a source of risk in international business financings and investments

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paun Cristian

2017-07-01

Full Text Available This paper aims at explaining the volatility of two main macroeconomic variables (interest rate and exchange rate that impact the cost of international capital and, consequently, the international financing decision. Firstly, the main economic theories are called to illustrate the relevant determinants of these variables from the perspective of demand and supply of capital sides. The state intervention through monetary policy is introduced to emphasize the alteration of these prices (the price of capital, the price of foreign currencies. The paper is presenting the role of these prices in international financing decision (based on the theoretical model used to estimate cost of international capital, their impact on the foreign direct investment decision and on the international portfolio investment decision. Finally, the paper describe the economic consequences of the monetary public intervention on the financing and investment decision in direct connection with the business cycle theory. The paper associates the monetary policy to the business cycles. The paper comments the unsound solutions proposed against the economic crises and that continued to harm negatively these prices generating the seeds for next international economic recession. The paper is a theoretical one, containing some very interesting research hypothesis and opening the paths for presumable further empirical researches.

Analysis of accessibility of finance by women entrepreneurs in Abia ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Analysis of accessibility of finance by women entrepreneurs in Abia State, Nigeria: a ... A structured questionnaire was administered to 60 respondents using simple ... to the accessibility of finance while type of business ownership and interest ...

Online peer-to-peer lending and its implications for small business credit financing in Norway

OpenAIRE

Brekke, Henrik; Hagerud, Simon

2017-01-01

Masteroppgave(MSc) in Master of Science in Business, Strategy - Handelshøyskolen BI, 2017 This thesis seeks to explore how the emergence of online peer-to-peer (P2P) lending will impact small businesses lending in Norway. Increasing attention has been drawn to small businesses and their apparent struggle to obtain appropriate credit financing. At the same time, online P2P lending, part of the new wave of financial technologies, has been held up as a potential remedy for this cr...

Access to finance for micro, small and medium business units in Serbian agribusiness

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sedlak Otilija

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Micro, small and medium business units contribute to development of agribusiness only if adequate financial resources for founding and development are given. This paper analyzes the possibilities of financing micro, small and medium legal entities in agribusiness in Serbia, compared to large enterprises. Empirical research included a survey comprising 119 agribusiness units, grouped into three categories dependent on their size. The aim was to confirm that there are substantial differences between units of different sizes, concerning possibilities of accessing bank loans and concerning the process of evaluation of conditions for credit approval. Also, aim was to determine differences between the uses of necessary key economic measures in agribusiness. Results showed significant differences between each group of business units for the majority of the observed parameters. Consequently the small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs sector and especially entrepreneurs and farmers (micro units only have limited access to financial resources and more financing costs compared to large enterprises.

Business strategy and financial structure: an empirical analysis of acute care hospitals.

Science.gov (United States)

Ginn, G O; Young, G J; Beekun, R I

1995-01-01

This study investigated the relationship between business strategy and financial structure in the U.S. hospital industry. We studied two dimensions of financial structure--liquidity and leverage. Liquidity was assessed by the acid ratio, and leverage was assessed using the equity funding ratio. Drawing from managerial, finance, and resource dependence perspectives, we developed and tested hypotheses about the relationship between Miles and Snow strategy types and financial structure. Relevant contextual financial and organizational variables were controlled for statistically through the Multivariate Analysis of Covariance technique. The relationship between business strategy and financial structure was found to be significant. Among the Miles and Snow strategy types, defenders were found to have relatively high liquidity and low leverage. Prospectors typically had low liquidity and high leverage. Implications for financial planning, competitive assessment, and reimbursement policy are discussed.

Financing Your Small Business: A Workbook for Financing Small Business.

Science.gov (United States)

Compton, Clark W.

Designed to assist established businesspeople with the development of a loan proposal, this workbook offers information on sources of financing and step-by-step guidance on applying for a loan. After chapter I discusses borrowers' and lenders' attitudes towards money, chapter II offers suggestions for determining financial needs. Chapter III lists…

Investment cash flow sensitivity and financing constraints : New evidence from Indian business group firms

NARCIS (Netherlands)

George, R.; Kabir, Mohammed Rezaul; Qian, J.

2011-01-01

A controversy exists on the use of the investment–cash flow sensitivity as a measure of financing constraints of firms.Were-examine this controversy by analyzing firms affiliated to Indian business groups. We find a strong investment–cash flow sensitivity for both group-affiliated and independent

13 CFR 107.730 - Financings which constitute conflicts of interest.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Financings which constitute... SMALL BUSINESS INVESTMENT COMPANIES Financing of Small Businesses by Licensees Determining the Eligibility of A Small Business for Sbic Financing § 107.730 Financings which constitute conflicts of interest...

Equity financing constraints and corporate capital structure:a model

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

Zhengwei Wang; Wuxiang Zhu

2013-01-01

Purpose-The "supply-side effect" brought about by the imperfection of the capital market has increasingly been concerned.The purpose of this paper is to study how will the uncertainty of equity financing brought about by the equity financing regulations in emerging capital market affect company's capital structure decisions.Design/methodology/approach-This paper establishes a theoretical model and tries to introduce equity financing uncertainty into the company's capital structure decision-making.The paper uses mathematical derivation method to get some basic conclusions.Next,in order to characterize the quantitative impact of specific factor on capital structure,numerical solution methods are used.Findings-The model shows that firm's value would decrease with the uncertainty of equity financing,because of the relationship between firm's future cash and their financing policies.The numerical solution of the model suggests that the uncertainty of equity financing is one of the important factors affecting the choice of optimal capital structure,the greater the uncertainty is,the lower optimal capital structure is.Originality/value-The research of this paper has certain academic value for further understanding of the issues.

13 CFR 107.710 - Requirement to finance smaller enterprises.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Requirement to finance smaller enterprises. 107.710 Section 107.710 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION SMALL... Small Business for Sbic Financing § 107.710 Requirement to finance smaller enterprises. Your Portfolio...

The Economics of Islamic Finance and Securitization

OpenAIRE

Andreas Jobst

2007-01-01

Islamic lending transactions are governed by the precepts of the shariah, which bans interest and stipulates that income must be derived as return from entrepreneurial investment. Since Islamic finance is predicated on asset backing and specific credit participation in identified business risk, structuring shariah-compliant securitization seems straightforward. This paper explains the fundamental legal principles of Islamic finance, which includes the presentation of a valuation model that he...

Online peer-to-peer lending and its implications for small business credit financing in Norway

OpenAIRE

Brekke, Henrik; Hagerud, Simon

2017-01-01

This thesis seeks to explore how the emergence of online peer-to-peer (P2P) lending will impact small businesses lending in Norway. Increasing attention has been drawn to small businesses and their apparent struggle to obtain appropriate credit financing. At the same time, online P2P lending, part of the new wave of financial technologies, has been held up as a potential remedy for this credit rationing. Our research involves two main parts. First, we study the extent to whi...

Small finance banks: Challenges

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jayadev M

2017-12-01

Full Text Available A recent innovation in the Indian banking structure has been the formation of a new banking institution—small finance banks (SFBs. These banks are expected to penetrate into financial inclusion by providing basic banking and credit services with a differentiated banking model to the larger population. In this context the new SFBs have multiple challenges in coming out with a new, differentiated business model. The challenges include building low cost liability portfolio, technology management, and balancing the regulatory compliances. This paper also presents the top of mind views of three senior executives of new small finance banks.

THE ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF THE BUSINESS PLAN IN STARTING AND RUNNING A BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

ANCA JARMILA GUŢĂ

2014-12-01

Full Text Available This paper aims to clarify the main aspects of how a well prepared business plan can lead to success or failure of a new or existing business. In this context are presented obtaining business financing, its typology and structural elements that must be included in order to carry out the purpose for which it was created.

Essays in banking and international finance

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Schäfer, Larissa

2015-01-01

This thesis consists of three chapters, two in banking and one in international finance. The first two chapters examine how bank business models and foreign ownership structures affect bank-firm lending relationships. In particular, the first chapter reveals that foreign banks can overcome their

Small Business Management; Business Education: 7739.11.

Science.gov (United States)

McCool, Felix J.

This curriculum guide gives a brief review of the relation of business to the community and an introduction to problems in organizing a small business. These problems include basic long-range decisions: type of financing, need for the business, and method of financing. The document also focuses on the more immediate problems of location, housing,…

FINANCING OF INTERNATIONAL TRANSACTIONS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

RADU NICOLAE BĂLUNĂ

2013-02-01

Full Text Available Financing (funding is essentially the purchase of funds necessary for a business. This can be done from internal sources (company’s own funds or external (borrowed funds. The high value of goods traded in international trade makes revenues generated from internal resources not sufficient to settle the value of the goods. Thus, it is frequent to resort to borrowed funds. In International Business Transactions, external financing is done both by classical techniques of credit (credit supplier and buyer credit and modern techniques of financing (factoring, forfeiting, leasing all trade tailored. In terms of the length of financing, accounting funding is short-term (1-12 months and long-term financing (over a year. In principle, export and import operations prevailing short-term financing techniques, while international investment and industrial cooperation actions are specific long-term funding

12 CFR 980.6 - Finance Board consent.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Finance Board consent. 980.6 Section 980.6 Banks and Banking FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE BOARD NEW FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK ACTIVITIES NEW BUSINESS ACTIVITIES § 980.6 Finance Board consent. The Finance Board may at any time provide consent for a Bank to undertake a particular new business activity and...

13 CFR 107.865 - Control of a Small Business by a Licensee.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... corporation, general partners of a limited partnership, or managers of a limited liability company, as... BUSINESS INVESTMENT COMPANIES Financing of Small Businesses by Licensees Structuring Licensee's Financing... of directors, or otherwise. The period of such Control will be limited to the seventh anniversary of...

Corporate governance and international business: Essays on multinational enterprises, ownership, finance and institutions

OpenAIRE

Rygh, Asmund

2016-01-01

This is an article based doctoral dissertation. Due to copyright matters, the attached pdf file only contains the mantel. This Thesis contributes to the literature on corporate governance in international business, with a focus on corporate ownership, corporate finance and institutions. It consists of five theoretical and empirical studies. Three studies focus on corporate ownership and consider, respectively, whether state ownership shields multinational enterprises (MNEs) from host-c...

Analysis of Performance Factors for Accounting and Finance Related Business Courses in A Distance Education Environment

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Serdar BENLIGIRAY

2017-07-01

Full Text Available The objective of this study is to explore business courses performance factors with a focus on accounting and finance. Course score interrelations are assumed to represent interpretable constructs of these factors. Factor analysis is proposed to identify the constructs that explain the correlations. Factor analysis results identify three sub-groups of business core courses. The first group is labeled as management-oriented courses. Accounting, finance and economics courses are separated in two groups: the prior courses group and the subsequent courses group. The clustering order of these three groups was attributed to underlying performance factor similarities. Then, the groups are compared by the pre-assessed ratings of course specific skills and knowledge. The comparison suggests that course requirements for skills and knowledge were the latent variables for the factor analysis. Moreover, multivariate regression analyses are employed to reveal the required level of verbal and quantitative skills for the groups. Management-oriented courses are differentiated from others with requiring verbal skills, managerial skills and knowledge more. Introductory courses require quantitative and analytical reasoning skills more than the subsequent courses in accounting, finance and economics. Mathematics course score fails to be a suitable proxy of numerical processing skills as an accounting course performance factor.

The business of medicine: how to overcome financial obstacles and secure financing for your private practice and ancillary services business.

Science.gov (United States)

Nayor, David

2012-01-01

Doctors across the country who operate private medical practices are facing increasing financial obstacles, namely shrinking income as a result of rising costs and lower reimbursements. In addition, as hospitals have become overburdened many physicians have opened up private surgical centers; magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography and positron emission tomography scanning facilities; pathology labs; colonoscopy/endoscopy suites; lithotripsy centers; and other medical businesses typically performed within the hospital. Moreover, many doctors seek loans to purchase existing practices or for their capital contribution in medical partnerships. The past decade has thus seen a significant increase in the number of doctors taking out small business loans. Indeed, banks view the healthcare industry as a large growth market. This article includes practical information, advice, and resources to help doctors to secure bank financing for their practices, ancillary services business, real estate, and equipment on the best possible market terms.

Geothermal Money Book [Geothermal Outreach and Project Financing

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Elizabeth Battocletti

2004-02-01

Small business lending is big business and growing. Loans under $1 million totaled $460 billion in June 2001, up $23 billion from 2000. The number of loans under $100,000 continued to grow at a rapid rate, growing by 10.1%. The dollar value of loans under $100,000 increased 4.4%; those of $100,000-$250,000 by 4.1%; and those between $250,000 and $1 million by 6.4%. But getting a loan can be difficult if a business owner does not know how to find small business-friendly lenders, how to best approach them, and the specific criteria they use to evaluate a loan application. This is where the Geothermal Money Book comes in. Once a business and financing plan and financial proposal are written, the Geothermal Money Book takes the next step, helping small geothermal businesses locate and obtain financing. The Geothermal Money Book will: Explain the specific criteria potential financing sources use to evaluate a proposal for debt financing; Describe the Small Business Administration's (SBA) programs to promote lending to small businesses; List specific small-business friendly lenders for small geothermal businesses, including those which participate in SBA programs; Identify federal and state incentives which are relevant to direct use and small-scale (< 1 megawatt) power generation geothermal projects; and Provide an extensive state directory of financing sources and state financial incentives for the 19 states involved in the GeoPowering the West (GPW). GPW is a U.S. Department of Energy-sponsored activity to dramatically increase the use of geothermal energy in the western United States by promoting environmentally compatible heat and power, along with industrial growth and economic development. The Geothermal Money Book will not: Substitute for financial advice; Overcome the high exploration, development, and financing costs associated with smaller geothermal projects; Remedy the lack of financing for the exploration stage of a geothermal project; or Solve

Perspectives applicable to financing midstreamers: legal considerations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Park, J. J.

2000-01-01

Systemic changes that have affected the sale, distribution and transportation of gas near the burner tip (collectively called 'midstream' activities) are reviewed, examining the causes of change, and the types of midstream asset transactions that are occurring, whether they involve structured financing arrangements or midstream companies. Also addressed are issues involved in transactions of this type, especially as they relate to gathering and processing agreements and construction, ownership and operation (CO and O) agreements. The two principal alternative structures (1) the financing party who does not assume operational control of the facility, and the (2) midstream company who build or acquire assets and operate them, the different implications for financing of each of the structural alternatives and the changing attitudes of producers towards midstream entities are explained. Closer examination of these new business structures reveals that they conflict with the terms and conditions of midstream agreements commonly used throughout the industry. It is recommended that these standard agreements be amended to permit midstream transactions to occur without undue restrictions. The kind of amendments suggested include automatic consent to a transfer of a facility to a Financing Party that meets certain reasonable financial tests; allowing the reconveyance from the Financing Party to the producer under a repurchase option; allowing the producer to act as Operator in place of its Financing Party

Analysis of Performance Factors for Accounting and Finance Related Business Courses in a Distance Education Environment

Science.gov (United States)

Benligiray, Serdar; Onay, Ahmet

2017-01-01

The objective of this study is to explore business courses performance factors with a focus on accounting and finance. Course score interrelations are assumed to represent interpretable constructs of these factors. Factor analysis is proposed to identify the constructs that explain the correlations. Factor analysis results identify three…

Financing of permanent working capital in agriculture

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vučković Branko

2017-01-01

Full Text Available In this paper, we attempted to present the problem of establishing adequate structure of financing medium agricultural enterprises and to point out the necessity for permanent working capital in those agricultural enterprises which can’t cover fixed assets, long-term placements and portion of inventories (raw material and spare parts, production in process with own equity and long-term sources of financing. For the purpose of analysing adequate structure of financing medium agricultural enterprises, we will use one of the most popular methods, such as case study and ratio analysis. Results of the research show that in primary agricultural production, next to standard long-term investment loans and short-term loans for investment in agricultural production, there is a necessity for financing in the permanent working capital which could assist continuity of production process and enable conditions for more profitable business in agriculture. It also should be noted that real and book value on this level of permanent working capital differs substantially.

Financing the Business. PACE Revised. Level 3. Unit 8. Research & Development Series No. 240CB8.

Science.gov (United States)

Ashmore, M. Catherine; Pritz, Sandra G.

This individualized, competency-based unit on financing businesses, the eighth of 18 modules, is on the third level of the revised Program for Acquiring Competence in Entrepreneurship (PACE). Intended for the advanced secondary and postsecondary levels and for adults wanting training or retraining, this unit, together with the other materials at…

SMEs Financing: the Extent of Need and the Responses of Different Credit Structures

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daniel BĂDULESCU

2010-07-01

Full Text Available Small and medium enterprises (SMEs have a key role in developing national economies, but are often limited by lack of development support in financing business for reasons of information asymmetry, high risks, lack of collateral, unfavorable regulatory environment. The statistics show managers given constant importance of SMEs financing opportunities, bank credit pre-eminence over other forms of financing, the lack of viable alternatives for start-up and innovative companies, etc. Market concentration, alternative between transactional or relational lending, various types of banks; state owned, private owned, foreign, large or small, are analyzed to identify the availability for SME financing. Finally, it is recognized the importance of a diversified banking markets both in terms of supply, lending technologies, but also as bank institutions itself.

Financing the Business. PACE Revised. Level 2. Unit 8. Research & Development Series No. 240BB8.

Science.gov (United States)

Ashmore, M. Catherine; Pritz, Sandra G.

This unit on financing a small business, the eighth in a series of 18 modules, is on the second level of the revised PACE (Program for Acquiring Competence in Entrepreneurship) comprehensive curriculum. Geared to advanced secondary and beginning postsecondary or adult students, the modules provide an opportunity to learn about and try out…

Financing the Business. PACE Revised. Level 1. Unit 8. Research & Development Series No. 240AB8.

Science.gov (United States)

Ashmore, M. Catherine; Pritz, Sandra G.

This lesson on financing a business, the eighth in a series of 18 units, is part of the first level of a comprehensive entrepreneurship curriculum entitled: A Program for Acquiring Competence in Entrepreneurship (PACE). (Designed for use with secondary students, the first level of PACE introduces students to the concepts involved in…

Financing gas plants using off balance sheet structures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Best, R.J.; Malcolm, V.

1999-01-01

A means by which to finance oil and gas facilities using off balance sheet structures was presented. Off balance sheet facility financing means the sale by an oil and gas producer of a processing and/or transportation facility to a financial intermediary, who under a Management Agreement, appoints the producer as the operator of the facility. The financial intermediary charges a fixed processing fee to the producer and all the benefits and upside of ownership are retained by the producer. This paper deals specifically with a flexible off balance sheet facility financing structure that can be used to make effective use of discretionary capital which is committed to gas processing and to the construction of new gas processing facilities. Off balance sheet financing is an attractive alternative method of ownership that frees up capital that is locked into the facilities while allowing the producer to retain strategic control of the processing facility

The Endurance of Family Businesses. A Global Overview

OpenAIRE

P., Fernandez Perez; Colli, Andrea

2013-01-01

The Endurance of Family Businesses is a collection of essays offering an overview of the importance and resilience of family-controlled large businesses. Much of economic and business history research neglects family businesses, considering them an inefficient form of business organisation. These essays discuss the strengths of family businesses: the ways family firms have managed, financed and governed their corporations, as well as the way in which they structure their relationship with the...

Structure of financing investments in the energy sector

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kowal Barbara

2017-01-01

The article shows how the financing structure of the companies from the fuel and energy sector, listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange, has evolved over the years. The authors also estimated the cost of equity. The results were compared with the chosen mining companies in Poland. Companies from the energy sector have lower investment risk than companies from the fuel sector. Looking at the profitability of investments it should be emphasized that the financing by outside capital is more advantageous than equity financing.

Quantitative analysis and IBM SPSS statistics a guide for business and finance

CERN Document Server

Aljandali, Abdulkader

2016-01-01

This guide is for practicing statisticians and data scientists who use IBM SPSS for statistical analysis of big data in business and finance. This is the first of a two-part guide to SPSS for Windows, introducing data entry into SPSS, along with elementary statistical and graphical methods for summarizing and presenting data. Part I also covers the rudiments of hypothesis testing and business forecasting while Part II will present multivariate statistical methods, more advanced forecasting methods, and multivariate methods. IBM SPSS Statistics offers a powerful set of statistical and information analysis systems that run on a wide variety of personal computers. The software is built around routines that have been developed, tested, and widely used for more than 20 years. As such, IBM SPSS Statistics is extensively used in industry, commerce, banking, local and national governments, and education. Just a small subset of users of the package include the major clearing banks, the BBC, British Gas, British Airway...

31 CFR 800.201 - Business day.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Business day. 800.201 Section 800.201 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF INVESTMENT... FOREIGN PERSONS Definitions § 800.201 Business day. The term business day means Monday through Friday...

7 CFR 4290.700 - Requirements concerning types of Enterprises to receive Financing.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... BUSINESS INVESTMENT COMPANY (âRBICâ) PROGRAM Financing of Enterprises by RBICs Determining Eligibility of... Financing. (a) Rural Business Concern Investments. At the close of each of your fiscal years— (1) At least...) in Financings in the form of Equity Capital in such Enterprises. (c) Small Business Concern...

Consolidating Financial Statements of the Defense Finance and Accounting Service Revolving Fund of the Defense Business Operations Fund-FY 1992

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

1993-01-01

...) Revolving Fund of the Defense Business Operations Fund (the Fund). The revolving Fund was created to provide finance and accounting services to DoD customers, charging them the full cost of those services...

Crowfunding: A Way to Financing Creative Business in Australia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bima Yudhistira

2013-09-01

Full Text Available AbstractCrowdfunding, a new term in financial industries. It provides fund for a new start-up project. In Australia where it becomes the basis of this study, Pozible as a leading crowdfunding platform has already launched 6.929 projects. The fund of US$22.930.536 was used for financing the projects, and 56 percent of the projects were successful. This research has an objective; it is to measure the degree of significancy using linear regression model. The result shows that among the businesses that has already funded by crowdfunding system, ‘video game’ is one of the most favorite project. It is successful in getting pledges. However, food and drink did not get fund as much as the favorites project. It was based on the percentage of fund that has already got from crowdfunding. In short, crowdfunding can help creative business as a top rank start-up rather than manufacture business.Crowdfunding, istilah baru dalam industri keuangan. Crowdfunding adalah dana untuk proyek rintisan. Pozible sebagai platform crowdfunding terkemuka telah meluncurkan 6,929 proyek di Australia. Negara tersebut menjadi dasar dari penelitian ini. Dana sebesar $ 22.930.536 US digunakan untuk membiayai proyek-proyek dan 56 persen dari proyek tersebut sukses. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur tingkat signifikansi dengan menggunakan model regresi linier. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa di antara bisnis yang sudah didanai oleh sistem crowdfunding, ‘video game’ adalah salah satu proyek yang paling favorit dan sukses dalam mendapatkan jaminan. Sedangkan makanan dan minuman tidak mendapatkan dana sebanyak proyek favorit. Hal ini didasarkan pada persentase dana yang telah diperoleh dari crowdfunding. Kesimpulannya adalah crowdfunding lebih bisa membantu bisnis kreatif sebagai a top rank start-up daripada bisnis manufaktur

13 CFR 120.801 - How a 504 Project is financed.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false How a 504 Project is financed. 120.801 Section 120.801 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION BUSINESS LOANS Development Company Loan Program (504) § 120.801 How a 504 Project is financed. (a) One or more small...

The term structure of credit spreads in project finance

OpenAIRE

Marco Sorge; Blaise Gadanecz

2004-01-01

This paper finds that the term structure of credit spreads in project finance is hump-shaped. This contrasts with other types of debt, where credit risk is shown instead to increase monotonically with maturity ceteris paribus. We emphasize a number of peculiar features of project finance structures that might underlie this finding, such as high leverage decreasing over time, long-term political risk guarantees and the sequential resolution of uncertainty along project advancement stages. Our ...

What is project finance?

OpenAIRE

João M. Pinto

2017-01-01

Project finance is the process of financing a specific economic unit that the sponsors create, in which creditors share much of the venture’s business risk and funding is obtained strictly for the project itself. Project finance creates value by reducing the costs of funding, maintaining the sponsors financial flexibility, increasing the leverage ratios, avoiding contamination risk, reducing corporate taxes, improving risk management, and reducing the costs associated with market ...

The Importance of Venture Capital Financing System in Financing Entrepreneurship: Applications in Turkey

OpenAIRE

Erkan Poyraz; Yusuf Tepeli

2016-01-01

The prominent concept of venture capital is examined as a financing model to the financing of entrepreneurship according to related literature. Venture capital is used with success in developed countries for a long time. Venture capital is a modern financing model that allows entrepreneurs to perform dynamic, creative, and innovative investment ideas as well as management, marketing and business support without requesting financial strength from those entrepreneurs. However, venture capital h...

Equity gap? - Which equity gap? On the financing structure of Germany's Mittelstand

OpenAIRE

Bannier, Christina E.; Grote, Michael H.

2008-01-01

This paper examines the financing structure of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Germany and questions whether an equity gap - or, more generally, a financing gap -exists. Reviewing the literature and available data sources, we find that financing constraints seem to affect, if at all, only a very small subgroup among highly growth-oriented firms. We do not detect any structural problems in average SME's capital structure. Rather, German Mittelstand firms appear to be non-growth or...

13 CFR 108.640 - Requirement to file portfolio financing reports (SBA Form 1031).

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Requirement to file portfolio financing reports (SBA Form 1031). 108.640 Section 108.640 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS... portfolio financing reports (SBA Form 1031). For each Financing you make (excluding guarantees), you must...

Beyond E-business : towards networked structures

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Grefen, P.W.P.J.

2015-01-01

In Beyond E-Business: Towards Networked Structures Paul Grefen returns with his tried and tested BOAT framework for e-business, now fully expanded and updated with the very latest overview of digitally connected business; from business models, organization structures and architecture, to information

12 CFR 980.5 - Notice by the Finance Board.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Notice by the Finance Board. 980.5 Section 980.5 Banks and Banking FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE BOARD NEW FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK ACTIVITIES NEW BUSINESS ACTIVITIES § 980.5 Notice by the Finance Board. (a) Issuance. Within sixty days after receipt of a notice of new business activity under § 980.3, th...

The Challenge of Islamic Finance

OpenAIRE

Sheng, Andrew; Singh, Ajit

2012-01-01

From its humble beginnings in the 1990s, Islamic finance has become a trillion US dollar industry. The market consensus is that Islamic finance has a bright future due to favourable demographics and rising incomes in the Muslim community. Moreover, despite voices sceptical of an accommodation between Islamic and global finance, leading global banks are buying Islamic bonds and forming subsidiaries specially to conduct Islamic finance business. Special laws have been passed in non-Muslim fi...

13 CFR 120.890 - Source of interim financing.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Source of interim financing. 120... Development Company Loan Program (504) Interim Financing § 120.890 Source of interim financing. A Project may use interim financing for all Project costs except the Borrower's contribution. Any source (including...

13 CFR 120.900 - Sources of permanent financing.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Sources of permanent financing... Development Company Loan Program (504) Permanent Financing § 120.900 Sources of permanent financing. Permanent financing for each Project must come from three sources: the Borrower's contribution, Third-Party Loans, and...

Comprehensive Assessment of Integration Activity of Business Structures in Russian Regions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mariya Gennad’evna Karelina

2016-11-01

Full Text Available In the context of economic sanctions and growing international isolation, the research into regional differences in integration development acquires special relevance for Russia; this fact determines the need for a comprehensive assessment of integration activity of business structures in Russian regions. The diversity of approaches to the study of problems and prospects of economic integration and the current debate about the role of integration processes in the development of regional economies determined a comprehensive approach to the concepts of “integration” and “integration activity” in order to create objective prerequisites for analyzing integration activity of business structures in the regions of Russia. The information base of the research is the data of Russian information and analytical agencies. The tools used in the research include methods for analyzing structural changes, methods for analyzing economic differentiation and concentration, nonparametric statistics methods, and econometric analysis methods. The first part of the paper shows that socio-economic development in constituent entities of Russia is closely connected with the operation of integrated business structures located on their territory. Having studied the structure and dynamics of integration activity, we reveal the growing heterogeneity of integration activity of business structures in Russian regions. The hypothesis about significant divergence of mergers and acquisitions for corporate structures in Russian regions was confirmed by high values of the Gini coefficient, the Herfindahl index and the decile differentiation coefficient. The second part of the paper contains a comparative analysis and proposes an econometric approach to the measurement of integration activity of business structures in subjects of the Russian Federation on the basis of integral synthetic categories. The approach we propose focuses on the development of a system of indicators

Business Plan for the Southwest Regional Spaceport: Executive Summary

Science.gov (United States)

1997-01-01

A proposal for a commercial, full-service launch, tracking, and recovery complex for Reusable Launch Vehicles in New Mexico is presented. Vision, mission, business definition, competitive advantages, and business approach are formulated. Management plan and team structure are detailed, and anticipated market is described. Finance and marketing plans are presented. Financial analysis is performed.

13 CFR 107.640 - Requirement to file Portfolio Financing Reports (SBA Form 1031).

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Requirement to file Portfolio Financing Reports (SBA Form 1031). 107.640 Section 107.640 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS... (SBA Form 1031). For each Financing of a Small Business (excluding guarantees), you must submit a...

The financing of cooperative businesses

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alfredo Ispizua

2005-12-01

Full Text Available Concern for adequate funding, both at birth and consolidation of the cooperative enterprise, has been, is and will be a constant concern in the cooperative world. So, have emerged in the legal field, a number of financial instruments of various kinds: as equity securities or special interests that seek to cover traditional financing gaps.

Adaptation Finance: Linking Research, Policy, and Business | IDRC ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

While many developing countries are formulating policies and systems to scale up adaptation initiatives, they have limited knowledge. They do not have the skills to design and implement tailored interventions to mobilize finance for adaptation, and many are not aware of new and innovative approaches to climate financing.

Murabahah Financing And Its Implementation For the Economic Empowerment of the Ummah

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Abdul Rahmat

2017-12-01

Full Text Available The discussion in this research is conducted to know the implementation of supervision of shahibul maal done in reducing the financing problem. In accordance with the provisions of Bank Indonesia that the amount of non-performing financing disbursed shall not exceed 5%. While on average per year the number of shahibul maal financing problem is greater than 5%, resulting from 5%. To be able to perform the rescue of troubled financing, some efforts need to be done such as rescheduling to allow leeway to Shahibul Maal to pay the financing that has been due by delaying the maturity date. Then re-arrange the financing requirements to strengthen the bargaining position with the customer by reviewing the contents of the financing agreement when necessary plus or minus. And improve the funding structure (recapitulation and business organization, help improve the condition and financial liquidity of Shahibul Maal. Thus little by little Shahibul Maal was able to pay off his troubled financing

Green financing - Are European banks and insurers contributing?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kamelgarn, Yona; Blanc, Dominique

2015-02-01

The analysis of the public communication of the 32 largest banking and insurance groups led to the following observations. Awareness of the role of the financial sector in the transition to a low-carbon economy has grown since 2012, and companies are increasingly conducting environmental risk analysis. But these practices are more akin to risk management policies - initiated to limit exposure to the most controversial projects - than to real reallocation strategies contributing to the transition to a low-carbon economy. Information on green financing is developing but focuses more on image than on business activities. The companies in the sample are communicating more on their green financing, and in particular on their contribution to renewable energy projects. But the indicators are very heterogeneous, are not monitored over time and cannot be compared between companies. Generally speaking, banks and insurers have not committed to increase their allocations to green financing and fail to discuss the financing of fossil fuels. Information on environmental and social risk management policies is becoming more structured. Process consists in introducing sector-based policies, setting forth minimum standards below which companies do not invest, notably in the energy sector, as well as developing environmental and social (ES) risk analysis tools for transactions. Analyses theoretically encompass the environmental impact of financed activities, but little information exists on the type of criteria used. These practices, developed initially for project finance, have since been extended to other banking activities and, more recently, to insurance activities. Reporting on the environmental impact of financed products remains rudimentary. Over three-quarters of the companies in the sample acknowledge the environmental responsibility stemming from their business activities, but measures continue to focus on the impact of premises and business travel. While almost all the

Essays in Household Finance

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hanspal, Tobin

This Ph.D. thesis, entitled Essays in Household Finance, analyzes the determinants and implications of investment biases, personal experiences in financial markets, and financing disruptions on households, individual investors, and entrepreneurs and small business owners. The first essay...... on risk taking is the potential bias resulting from inertia and inattention, which has been shown to be endemic in household finance. If individuals are inert or inattentive, it is difficult to establish whether changes in risk taking are caused by personal experiences or whether the change in risk taking...

Leasing instruments of high-rise construction financing

Science.gov (United States)

Aleksandrova, Olga; Ivleva, Elena; Sukhacheva, Viktoria; Rumyantseva, Anna

2018-03-01

The leasing sector of the business economics is expanding. Leasing instruments for high-rise construction financing allow to determine the best business behaviour in the leasing economy sector, not only in the sphere of transactions with equipment and vehicles. Investments in high-rise construction have a multiplicative effect. It initiates an active search and leasing instruments use in the economic behaviour of construction organizations. The study of the high-rise construction sector in the structure of the leasing market participants significantly expands the leasing system framework. The scheme of internal and external leasing process factors influence on the result formation in the leasing sector of economy is offered.

BARTER AS AN ALTERNATIVE TRADING AND FINANCING TOOL AND ITS IMPORTANCE FOR BUSINESSES IN TIMES OF ECONOMIC CRISIS

OpenAIRE

Uyan, Ozgul

2017-01-01

Purpose-Today, growing commercial and financialintegration between countries with globalization leads to intense competitionand global economic crises. Due to these developments, the companies have somedifficulties carrying on their business and managing the crises withtraditional marketing and financing techniques. So they are turning alternativemethods. One of them is barter system meaning buying and selling goods andservices without using money. Barter is an innovated form of exchange syst...

Principals of the Islamic finance:A focus on project finance

OpenAIRE

Elasrag, hussein

2011-01-01

Islamic finance is one of the fastest growing segments of global financial industry. In some countries, it has become systemically important and, in many others, it is too big to be ignored.Islamic finance is based on shariah, an Arabic term that often is translated to “Islamic law.”Shariah provides guidelines for aspects of Muslim life, including religion, politics, economics,banking, business, and law.The basic sources of Shari’ah are the Qur’an and the Sunna, which are followed by the cons...

Supply chain finance

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kasavica Petar

2014-01-01

Full Text Available The concept of supply chain finance is a response to global illiquidity, intensified through the global economic crisis and globalization of commercial and financial flows. The growing illiquidity undermines credit ratings of economic entities, thereby reducing the potential for achieving the projected goals (profitability and portfolio quality. In order to overcome this, banks have introduced certain products flexible to the requirements of specific transactions. The concerned products redirect the focus from a client's credit rating and risk to the credit rating and risk of a business partner (buyer, resulting in benefits for all transaction participants ('win-win-win'. Moreover, the activities are targeted at transaction analysis, i.e. the isolation and protection of the cash flow as the source of financial instrument's repayment. On the other hand, there has been an increasing number of transactions based on the risk of the commercial bank of the client's business partner, or on the risk of collateral (inventory. The focus is actually placed on the financing of adequate supply chain stages, given that counterparty relationship management has been proven to be crucial for efficient management of one's own business. The tensions existing in the relations between partners (increasingly long payment deadlines are in the basis of the supply chain finance concept. Decisions made by banks are based on the entire supply chain (wide information basis, thereby shifting the focus from the product (as was the case before the crisis to the client's needs. Thus, decisions become increasingly comprehensive, quicker, and more precise, and portfolios less risky. Through the individual portfolio of banks, the market of national economies also becomes safer and more liquid. These are rather profitable transactions, because, due to the risk transfer, financing is enabled to companies to whom classic crediting in most cases is not available.

The relation between finance utilisation and business performance in Indonesian horticulture

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Wulandari, Eliana

2016-01-01

Finance is important for Indonesian farmers to purchase agricultural inputs and machinery and to pay for hired labour, which can improve farm performance. Farmers in Indonesia can access finance from various finance providers, i.e. banks, micro-finance institutions, farmers’ associations,

System of Indicators of the Level of Costs of Financing an Economic Subject

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Laktionova Aleksandra A.

2013-11-01

Full Text Available The article offers a system of indicators of the level of costs of financing economic subjects, in the basis of which there is a function of formation of recommendations or identification of directions and priorities in the part of selection of one or another source of financing, its urgency and specific features of attraction of resources, on the basis of information on the level of agent’s costs, information asymmetry costs, financial instability, transaction and market indicators of cost of financial resources. The article pays a special attention to a significant structure forming factor of the ownership structure, which identifies the volume and logic of interconnection of all costs of financing and determining incentives and risks in the system of management of financial activity of an economic subject from the point of view of all participants. It exerts especially big influence upon formation of such implicit costs of financing as agent’s costs and information asymmetry costs. The system of factors of stimulants and de-stimulants of costs of financing includes factors of external environment (macro-economic and market indicators of cost and institutional provision and internal environment (ownership structure, characteristic of investment activity and financing an economic subject, organisation of business and corporate management.

The Role of Capital Structure in Company’s Financing

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nicoleta BARBUTA-MISU

2014-12-01

Full Text Available The changes in capital structure and in financial components of a company have a particular importance in choosing optimal financing decision, in determining the impact of changes in capital structure and of elements within balance sheet. To quantify such an impact in the literature have been considered many factors as debt-equity ratio, profitability, self financing capacity and the ability to earn profit. Using the comparative method over a period of three years to five companies acting in the metallurgical sector in this paper has been analyzed the evolution of debt capacity ratio, return on equity ratio, financial long term debt ratio, interest coverage ratio and long-term financial autonomy ratio. Based on these findings it was concluded that the variation of capital structure and performance of the companies affects and influences funding arrangements considered by the companies’ managers.

Project financing

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Alvarez, M.U.

1990-01-01

This paper presents the basic concepts and components of the project financing of large industrial facilities. Diagrams of a simple partnership structure and a simple leveraged lease structure are included. Finally, a Hypothetical Project is described with basic issues identified for discussion purposes. The topics of the paper include non-recourse financing, principal advantages and objectives, disadvantages, project financing participants and agreements, feasibility studies, organization of the project company, principal agreements in a project financing, insurance, and an examination of a hypothetical project

12 CFR 905.3 - Location and business hours.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... Location and business hours. (a) Location. All office units of the Finance Board are located at 1777 F... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Location and business hours. 905.3 Section 905.3 Banks and Banking FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE BOARD FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE BOARD ORGANIZATION AND...

Integrating International Business Law Concepts into a High School Business Law Course.

Science.gov (United States)

Golden, Cathleen J.; McDonald, Michael L.

1998-01-01

Outlines international business content for a high school business law curriculum: history of international business law, World Trade Organization, international disputes, contracts and sales, financing/banking, currency, taxation, intellectual property, transportation, and multinational corporations. Considers whether to teach international…

Model application of Murabahah financing acknowledgement statement of Sharia accounting standard No 59 Year 2002

Science.gov (United States)

Muda, Iskandar; Panjaitan, Rohdearni; Erlina; Ginting, Syafruddin; Maksum, Azhar; Abubakar

2018-03-01

The purpose of this research is to observe murabahah financing implantation model. Observations were made on one of the sharia banks going public in Indonesia. Form of implementation of such implementation in the form of financing given the exact facilities and maximum financing, then the provision of financing should be adjusted to the type, business conditions and business plans prospective mudharib. If the financing provided is too low with the mudharib requirement not reaching the target and the financing is not refundable.

Analysis of Bonds as an Instrument for Financing Mining Investments

Science.gov (United States)

Ranosz, Robert

2017-06-01

The purpose of this article is to examine the structure of financing for mining enterprises in the years 2007-2013, with particular emphasis on bonds. The document pays special attention to Polish mining enterprises. The financing structure analysis was based on data collected from financial statements (cash flows) of the largest mining companies in Poland, and their comparison with the results of global mining enterprises pursuant to reports prepared by international advisory firms. The article takes into account capital sources such as: corporate bonds, bank loans and issue of shares. As indicated by the performed analysis, mining enterprises both around the world and in Poland are increasingly eager to take advantage of obtaining business financing from issue of corporate bonds. It should also be recognized that in the analyzed period, both global and Polish mining enterprises deviate from forms of financing such as issue of shares. This may be caused by the fact that the bonds market in Poland is becoming increasingly popular, mainly due to interest rate on bonds being lower in comparison with bank loans. Another reason may be that banks and potential buyers of shares are less eager to finance this type of investment due to a relatively substantial risk acceptable to bondholders.

Flipping the Business College on Its Side

Science.gov (United States)

Brozik, Dallas; Cassidy, Chris

2013-01-01

Colleges of business are typically formed around functional divisions like accounting, finance, management, and marketing. This discipline-based structure serves to convey basic information to the students, but it is poorly suited to provide an educational experience that integrates the functional areas into a holistic framework. Efforts to refine…

Structuring and financing power projects in Asia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tay, Paul

1993-01-01

The contractual arrangements for the financing and construction of three 660 MW coal fired power plants in Hong Kong are summarized in the form of headings and a diagram. These cover the joint venture arrangement, construction and equipment supply, the operation and offtake contract, coal supply and the financial structure with respect to commercial risk. (UK)

Project Finance for Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) in ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Project financing is one of the best methods of seeking to acquire capitals Funds and other tools to finance a planned business activity which will yields profit in order to liquidate the procured fund. Financing project for SMES is carried out by Federal, States and some development Institutions. In Nigeria, project financing ...

31 CFR 515.511 - Transactions by certain business enterprises.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Transactions by certain business enterprises. 515.511 Section 515.511 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance... Licenses, Authorizations, and Statements of Licensing Policy § 515.511 Transactions by certain business...

31 CFR 500.511 - Transactions by certain business enterprises.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Transactions by certain business enterprises. 500.511 Section 500.511 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance... Licenses, Authorizations and Statements of Licensing Policy § 500.511 Transactions by certain business...

Impact of Digital Finance on Financial Inclusion and Stability

OpenAIRE

Ozili, Peterson Kitakogelu

2018-01-01

This article provides a discussion on some issues associated with digital finance – an area which has not been critically addressed in the literature. Digital finance and financial inclusion has several benefits to financial services users, digital finance providers, governments and the economy; notwithstanding, a number of issues still persist which if addressed can make digital finance work better for individuals, businesses and governments. The digital finance issues discussed in this arti...

Tax Implication of Structuring and Financing Mergers and Acquisitions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cristian Ianca

2008-09-01

Full Text Available The structuring and financing of mergers and acquisitions has substantial tax consequences. The decision to acquire the assets or the shares of the target company should take into consideration, on one hand, the capital gains taxation at the transaction time and, on the other hand, the tax planning opportunities for the future. The tax burden can also be minimized by an optimum selection of the acquisition vehicle. The choice of a financing alternative should take into account the interest deductibility and the specific tax regulations of each jurisdiction concerned.

Investment Timing for New Business Ventures

OpenAIRE

George W. Blazenko; Andrey D. Pavlov

2010-01-01

A key requirement for the start of many entrepreneurial businesses is private equity or venture capital financing. In the traditional approach to entrepreneurial investment analysis, an entrepreneur starts a new venture and a venture capitalist finances the new venture when business return exceeds the financial opportunity cost for comparable risk the cost of capital for the new venture. The real options literature recommends that entrepreneurs delay business start due to investment irreversi...

The Benchmarking of Integrated Business Structures

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nifatova Olena M.

2017-12-01

Full Text Available The aim of the article is to study the role of the benchmarking in the process of integration of business structures in the aspect of knowledge sharing. The results of studying the essential content of the concept “integrated business structure” and its semantic analysis made it possible to form our own understanding of this category with an emphasis on the need to consider it in the plane of three projections — legal, economic and organizational one. The economic projection of the essential content of integration associations of business units is supported by the organizational projection, which is expressed through such essential aspects as existence of a single center that makes key decisions; understanding integration as knowledge sharing; using the benchmarking as exchange of experience on key business processes. Understanding the process of integration of business units in the aspect of knowledge sharing involves obtaining certain information benefits. Using the benchmarking as exchange of experience on key business processes in integrated business structures will help improve the basic production processes, increase the efficiency of activity of both the individual business unit and the IBS as a whole.

The Psychological Work Preferences of Business Students

Science.gov (United States)

Gilbert, G. Ronald; Burnett, Meredith; Leartsurawat, Watcharaphong

2010-01-01

This study examines work preferences of 984 students across 6 disciplines within a business school--accounting, finance, information technology/decision science, management and international business, marketing, and hospitality management. Differences are found on 11 of the 17 measures. As predicted, we found that (a) accounting, finance, and…

PACE. A Program for Acquiring Competence in Entrepreneurship. Part II: Becoming an Entrepreneur. Unit F: How to Finance the Business. Research and Development Series No. 194 B-6.

Science.gov (United States)

Ohio State Univ., Columbus. National Center for Research in Vocational Education.

This three-part curriculum for entrepreneurship education is primarily for postsecondary level, including four-year colleges and adult education, but it can be adapted for special groups or vocational teacher education. The emphasis of the seven instructional units in Part II is establishing a business. Unit F focuses on financing the business. It…

Financing emerging energies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Row, J.

2006-01-01

This paper discusses the financing of emerging energies in Canada. Transforming energy markets will involve billions of dollars of investment from businesses and residents. Many different types of return on investment can be expected. These benefits will continue to grow over time and provide a permanent i ncome

Financing nuclear power

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sheriffah Noor Khamseah Al-Idid Syed Ahmad Idid

2009-01-01

Global energy security and climate change concerns sparked by escalating oil prices, high population growth and the rapid pace of industrialization are fueling the current interest and investments in nuclear power. Globally, a significant number policy makers and energy industry leaders have identified nuclear power as a favorable alternative energy option, and are presently evaluating either a new or an expanded role for nuclear power. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has reported that as of October 2008, 14 countries have plans to construct 38 new nuclear reactors and about 100 more nuclear power plants have been written into the development plans of governments for the next three decades. Hence as new build is expected to escalate, issues of financing will become increasingly significant. Energy supply, including nuclear power, considered as a premium by government from the socio-economic and strategic perspective has traditionally been a sector financed and owned by the government. In the case for nuclear power, the conventional methods of financing include financing by the government or energy entity (utility or oil company) providing part of the funds from its own resources with support from the government. As national financing is, as in many cases, insufficient to fully finance the nuclear power plants, additional financing is sourced from international sources of financing including, amongst others, Export Credit Agencies (ECAs) and Multilateral Development Institutions. However, arising from the changing dynamics of economics, financing and business model as well as increasing concerns regarding environmental degradation , transformations in methods of financing this energy sector has been observed. This paper aims to briefly present on financing aspects of nuclear power as well as offer some examples of the changing dynamics of financing nuclear power which is reflected by the evolution of ownership and management of nuclear power plants

Design of special purpose database for credit cooperation bank business processing network system

Science.gov (United States)

Yu, Yongling; Zong, Sisheng; Shi, Jinfa

2011-12-01

With the popularization of e-finance in the city, the construction of e-finance is transfering to the vast rural market, and quickly to develop in depth. Developing the business processing network system suitable for the rural credit cooperative Banks can make business processing conveniently, and have a good application prospect. In this paper, We analyse the necessity of adopting special purpose distributed database in Credit Cooperation Band System, give corresponding distributed database system structure , design the specical purpose database and interface technology . The application in Tongbai Rural Credit Cooperatives has shown that system has better performance and higher efficiency.

African Journals Online: Finance & Management

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Items 1 - 16 of 16 ... The African Journal of Finance and Management is designed to carry articles, ... Operations, Human Resource, Organisational Behaviour, Marketing Services, ... AJMR aims to serve management and business academics.

Financing structural interventions: going beyond HIV-only value for money assessments.

Science.gov (United States)

Remme, Michelle; Vassall, Anna; Lutz, Brian; Luna, Jorge; Watts, Charlotte

2014-01-28

Structural interventions can reduce HIV vulnerability. However, HIV-specific budgeting, based on HIV-specific outcomes alone, could lead to the undervaluation of investments in such interventions and suboptimal resource allocation. We investigate this hypothesis by examining the consequences of alternative financing approaches. We compare three approaches for deciding whether to finance a structural intervention to keep adolescent girls in school in Malawi. In the first, HIV and non-HIV budget holders participate in a cross-sectoral cost-benefit analysis and fund the intervention if the benefits outweigh the costs. In the second silo approach, each budget holder considers the cost-effectiveness of the intervention in terms of their own objectives and funds the intervention on the basis of their sector-specific thresholds of what is cost-effective or not. In the third cofinancing approach, budget holders use cost-effectiveness analysis to determine how much they would be willing to contribute towards the intervention, provided that other sectors are willing to pay for the remaining costs. In addition, we explore approaches for determining the HIV share in the cofinancing scenario. We find that efficient structural interventions may be less likely to be prioritized, financed and taken to scale where sectors evaluate their options in isolation. A cofinancing approach minimizes welfare loss and could be incorporated in a sector budgeting perspective. Structural interventions may be underimplemented and their cross-sectoral benefits foregone. Cofinancing provides an opportunity for multiple HIV, health and development objectives to be achieved simultaneously, but will require effective cross-sectoral coordination mechanisms for planning, implementation and financing.

Windpower project ownership and financing: The cost impacts of alternative development structures

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wiser, R.H. [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab., CA (United States)

1997-12-31

This paper uses traditional financial cash-flow techniques to examine the impact of different ownership and financing structures on the cost of wind energy. While most large-scale wind projects are constructed, operated, and financed by non-utility generators (NUGs) via project financing, investor- and publicly-owned utilities have expressed interest in owning and financing their own facilities rather than purchasing wind energy from independent generators. A primary justification for utility ownership is that, because of financing and tax benefits, windpower may be cheaper when developed in this fashion. The results presented in this paper support that justification, though some of the estimated cost savings associated with utility ownership are found to be a result of shortcomings in utility analysis procedures and implicit risk shifting. This paper also discusses the comparative value of the federal production tax credit and renewable energy production incentive; estimates the financing premium paid by NUG wind owners compared to traditional gas-fired generation facilities; and explores the impact of electricity restructuring on financing.

7 CFR 4290.820 - Financings in the form of guarantees.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

...-COOPERATIVE SERVICE AND RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE RURAL BUSINESS INVESTMENT COMPANY...-Types of Financings § 4290.820 Financings in the form of guarantees. (a) General rule. At the request of...

Persuading Investors: Emphasizing Communication in a Finance Simulation

Science.gov (United States)

Yest, Michael T.; Grant, Kelly A.

2013-01-01

This paper introduces a unique project to faculty seeking an interdisciplinary activity that exposes students to the necessary art of persuasive communication in the field of finance. Specifically, we have designed a multi-stage simulation in which undergraduate business students apply both finance and communication skills, specifically…

7 CFR 4290.810 - Financings in the form of Loans.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

...-COOPERATIVE SERVICE AND RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE RURAL BUSINESS INVESTMENT COMPANY...-Types of Financings § 4290.810 Financings in the form of Loans. You are permitted to make Loans to an...

Small Business Financing – an Economic Growth Stimulator

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lilia Ivas

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Small business is an important lever for solving a whole complex of political, economic and social problems, taking into consideration its effectiveness in society. It attracts population to promote economic reforms, it fulfils the market with goods and services, it creats new job places, it grows entrepreneurial spirit and entrepreneurial culture, developes a careful attitude towards property, forms a progressive structure of the national economy. We can deduce after the research in this article that as an independent and irreplaceable structure, the small and medium enterprise sector in Moldova constitutes one of the most efficient levers that contribute at solutioning the economic and social problems. It also is a factor which structurally transforms the economy, consolidates its economic base and its zones, fulfils in an accelerate mode the market with goods and services, attenuates the monopolism and favours competition development, implementation of scientific and technical achievements, the country's increasing export opportunities, providing new jobs to a large number of people .

Very early stage financing in the petroleum industry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Armstrong, D. R.

1998-01-01

A primer on early financing for oil and natural gas plays was provided. Basic elements of the Alberta Securities Act, the steps involved in raising money for exploration, development or purchase of an oil play, the various forms of structuring an enterprise (proprietorship, limited partnership, joint venture, farm-in, publicly traded corporation) were explained. The types of financing, ranging from 'love money' (money raised from relatives, friends, business associates, or from 'angel investors') through formal venture capital markets and public equity markets were outlined with the characteristic features, advantages and pitfalls of each. The subtle differences between Alberta's 'junior capital pool', 'initial capital offering' and 'exchange offering prospectus' were explained, along with a brief review of which one is the most appropriate under a given set of circumstances

Access to bank finance for Scottish SMEs.

OpenAIRE

North, David J.; Baldock, Robert; Deakins, David; Whittam, Geoff

2008-01-01

There is evidence that some SMEs may still face difficulties in accessing bank finance from lenders (CEEDR, 2007). This paper reports an in-depth study into demand and supply side issues relating to access to bank finance by Scottish SMEs and whether there is still market\\ud failure associated with good, bankable business cases from SMEs that do not receive finance. We argue that our study utilises innovative methodology and is relatively rare as a robust study in this area. We combine demand...

12 CFR 980.4 - Commencement of new business activities.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... activity: (a) Sixty days after receipt by the Finance Board of the notice of new business activity under..., immediately upon receipt by the Finance Board of a notice of new business activity under § 980.3; or (c... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Commencement of new business activities. 980.4...

Small and Medium Enterprises` (SMEs) Access to Finance: Philippines

OpenAIRE

Aldaba, Rafaelita M.

2012-01-01

Based on a survey of 97 firms in the garments, textiles, automotive, electrical and electronics, and food manufacturing industries; the paper highlights the difficulties faced by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in accessing finance. For both firms with access to finance as well as those that did not make any finance request, financing obstacles posed as one of the top four serious problems for the growth of their businesses. The survey indicates the continued dependence of SMEs on interna...

7 CFR 4290.860 - Financing fees and expense reimbursements a RBIC may receive from an Enterprise.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... AGRICULTURE RURAL BUSINESS INVESTMENT COMPANY (âRBICâ) PROGRAM Financing of Enterprises by RBICs Structuring... reimbursements. You may charge an Enterprise for the reasonable out-of-pocket expenses, other than Management... receive from an Enterprise. 4290.860 Section 4290.860 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of...

The Law and Regulation of Franchising in Malaysia’s Islamic Finance Industry: Problems, Prospects and Policies

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Umar A. Oseni

2016-12-01

Full Text Available With the increasing expansion of the global Islamic finance industry beyond its traditional strongholds, there is a gradual increase in the global franchising opportunities in Islamic finance. As one of the pioneering studies on franchise in Islamic finance, this paper examines the Malaysian legal framework on franchising within the Islamic finance industry. Over the years, there has been tremendous growth in the franchise industry in Malaysia and the Islamic financial institutions are not left out in this welcome development. While the franchise industry contributed RM24.6 billion or 2.8% to the Malaysian GDP in 2013, it has been projected that such contribution will reach RM25.4 billion by the end of 2014. The study adopts a qualitative legal method in analyzing the relevant legislations, as they are applicable to Sharī‘ah-compliant business of Islamic financial institutions. The study finds that there is no specific framework for Sharī‘ah-complaint business in Malaysia, including Islamic finance business. Malaysia has vast opportunities in expanding its franchise industry through the amendment of the relevant legal framework to cater for Islamic finance business. This is expected to project Malaysia as a global hub for Islamic finance products and a destination for Sharī‘ah-complaint franchise businesses at the global level.

Selecting a Business Major within the College of Business

Science.gov (United States)

Roach, David W.; McGaughey, Ronald E.; Downey, James P.

2012-01-01

This study employed a survey in examining the important influences that shape a student's selection of a major in the College of Business (COB). In particular, it compared these influences, by major, to assess which items were most (and least) important to the students majoring in accounting, general business, finance, management, marketing, and…

Effectiveness evaluation of the R&D projects in organizations financed by the budget expenses

Science.gov (United States)

Yakovlev, D.; Yushkov, E.; Pryakhin, A.; Bogatyreova, M.

2017-01-01

The issues of R&D project performance and their prospects are closely concerned with knowledge management. In the initial stages of the project development, it is the quality of the project evaluation that is crucial for the result and generation of future knowledge. Currently there does not exist any common methodology for the evaluation of new R&D financed by the budget. Suffice it to say, the assessment of scientific and technical projects (ST projects) varies greatly depending on the type of customer - government or business structures. An extensive methodological groundwork was formed with respect to orders placed by business structures. It included “an internal administrative order” by the company management for the results of STA intended for its own ST divisions. Regretfully this is not the case with state orders in the field of STA although the issue requires state regulation and official methodological support. The article is devoted to methodological assessment of scientific and technical effectiveness of studies performed at the expense of budget funds, and suggests a new concept based on the definition of the cost-effectiveness index. Thus, the study reveals it necessary to extend the previous approach to projects of different levels - micro-, meso-, macro projects. The preliminary results of the research show that there must be a common methodological approach to underpin the financing of projects under government contracts within the framework of budget financing and stock financing. This should be developed as general guidelines as well as recommendations that reflect specific sectors of the public sector, various project levels and forms of financing, as well as different stages of project life cycle.

Supply Chain Finance in China: Business Innovation and Theory Development

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Xiaohong Liu

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Supply chain finance (SCF is concerned with the capital flows within a supply chain, an area often neglected in past decades, while SCF does have an impact on a firm’s capability to adopt sustainable supply chain management (SCM practices. The aim of this study is to explore new insight from a growing body of research which is investigating SCF issues in China, an evolving transition economy. A content analysis on a review of 151 Chinese-written SCF papers from 2004–2014, based on a sample of 45 leading Chinese journals (Chinese Social Science Citation Index, CSSCI was conducted from three perspectives: topical coverage, theoretical application and methodological inquiry. The study reveals that the research stream of SCF in China has emerged and evolved to a considerable extent. However, the SCF phenomenon in China is not exactly the same as “SCF” as it is perceived in the mature economy, which is articulated in mainstream SCM English literature. The Chinese business context in which SCF has been implemented has played a dominant role in initiating, affecting and even shaping SCF. This study represents the first endeavor in the field of SCM. It diffuses the Chinese-written SCF research in mainstream SCM English literature.

Business Ideas Competition

CERN Multimedia

2003-01-01

Business Ideas Competition "The Rainbow Seed Fund is a UK fund, which provides finance to support the commercialization of good ideas founded on scientific research; it is for the benefit of the UK industry in particular. To encourage ideas from CERN the Rainbow Seed Fund is running a business ideas competition.The winner of this competition will receive an immediate cash prize of GBP £1,000. In addition the Rainbow Seed Fund may well provide finance for market research, for protection of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and for prototyping to take the idea forward. Further awards of GBP £750 will be made for ideas which gain investment from the Fund.Candidates will only be required to prepare a 2-4-page summary of their business idea, and not a full business plan. Full details and an entry form are available at www.rainbowseedfund.com ." ALL Members of the Personnel seeking participation in the business ideas competition are asked to submit their ideas via the CERN TT Unit (Jean-Marie.Le Goff@cern.ch) th...

31 CFR 223.5 - Business.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Business. 223.5 Section 223.5 Money... OF THE TREASURY FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SERVICE SURETY COMPANIES DOING BUSINESS WITH THE UNITED STATES § 223.5 Business. (a) The company must engage in the business of suretyship whether or not also making...

Project finance of hydroelectric power plants in Brazil; 'Project finance' de usinas hidroeletricas no Brasil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ribeiro Filho, Valfredo de Assis; Ramos, Maria Olivia de Souza [Universidade Salvador (UNIFACS), BA (Brazil)

2008-07-01

The aim of this paper is to discuss the modality of project finance of financing of enterprises, which is the main modality of structuring of hydroelectric projects in Brazil. In the discussion will be highlighted the importance of contracts EPC (Engineering, Search and Construction) in the structuring of project finances. This financing model has particular characteristics related to risk sharing and financial flexibility that enable the financing of projects with long-term capital, however, due to participation of various actors and the nature of the structure of project finance, the negotiation and drafting of contracts are always very complex.

On the Path to SunShot - Emerging Opportunities and Challenges in Financing Solar

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Feldham, David [National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Bolinger, Mark [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

2016-05-01

Financial innovations—independent of technology-cost improvements—could cut the cost of solar energy to customers and businesses by 30%–60% (see Feldman and Bolinger 2016). Financing is critical to solar deployment, because the costs of solar technologies are paid up front, while their benefits are realized over decades. Solar financing has been shaped by the government incentives designed to accelerate solar deployment. This is particularly true for federal tax incentives, which have spawned complex tax-equity structures that monetize tax benefits for project sponsors who otherwise could not use them efficiently. Although these structures have helped expand solar deployment, they are relatively costly and inefficient. This has spurred solar stakeholders to develop lower-cost financing solutions such as securitization of solar project portfolios, solar-specific loan products, and methods for incorporating residential PV’s value into home values. To move solar further toward an unsubsidized SunShot future, additional financial innovation must occur. Development of a larger, more mature U.S. solar industry will likely increase financial transparency and investor confidence, which in turn will enable simpler, lower-cost financing methods. Utility-scale solar might be financed more like conventional generation assets are today, non-residential solar might be financed more like a new roof, and residential solar might be financed more like an expensive appliance. Assuming a constant, SunShot-level installed PV system price, such financing innovations could reduce PV’s LCOE by an estimated 30%–60% (depending on the sector) compared with historical financing approaches.

Bank credit and business financing

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Morales Arenas, Diana

2018-01-01

This dissertation consists of three essays on empirical banking. They explore the bank lending granted to businesses. Chapter 1 explores the effect of less stringent collateral requirements on small firms’ employment growth. Not having to pledge collateral seems to have an effect on the growth

75 FR 71744 - Fifth Street Finance Corp., et al.; Notice of Application

Science.gov (United States)

2010-11-24

... Street Finance Corp., et al.; Notice of Application November 18, 2010. AGENCY: Securities and Exchange... Street Finance Corp. (``Fifth Street''), Fifth Street Management LLC, Fifth Street Mezzanine Partners IV... regulated as a business development company (``BDC'') under the Act. Fifth Street is a specialty finance...

Small Business Management. Going-Into-Business Modules for Adult and/or Post Secondary Instruction.

Science.gov (United States)

Rice, Fred; And Others

Fifteen modules on small business management are provided in this curriculum guide developed for postsecondary vocational instructors. Module titles are as follow: decision making steps; financing a small business; location of a small business; record systems; the balance sheet and profit and loss statement; purchasing; marketing; sales; cash…

STUDY REGARDING THE ROMANIAN RURAL TOURISM FINANCING AND DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nicolae BALTEŞ

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Rural tourism and agricultural tourism are activities, which generate alternative incomes, a fact that offers development possibilities to the rural space, due to the unique landscapes, large semi-natural areas, the inhabitants' born hospitality in the rural surroundings. From this perspective, a modernization, development and innovation process for the Romanian rural tourism is required. All these aspects, however, require financing. Therefore, a pre-accession financing source of the rural tourism was the SAPARD programme, a programme which "offered the opportunity" to many business people to start their business in this field. The paper shows the evolution of the rural boarding houses between 2003-2007, with analyses on the number, type of financing, development region.

Financing the Business. Unit 11. Level 1. Instructor Guide. PACE: Program for Acquiring Competence in Entrepreneurship. Third Edition. Research & Development Series No. 301-11.

Science.gov (United States)

Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Center on Education and Training for Employment.

This instructor guide for a unit on business financing in the PACE (Program for Acquiring Competence in Entrepreneurship) curriculum includes the full text of the student module and lesson plans, instructional suggestions, and other teacher resources. The competencies that are incorporated into this module are at Level 1 of learning--understanding…

76 FR 76907 - Small Business Investment Companies-Early Stage SBICs

Science.gov (United States)

2011-12-09

... dollars went to early stage or start-up businesses. Of the financings that went to early stage and start... went to early stage and start-up businesses not in those three states. SBA will seek to expand access...% decline from 2007. Less than a third of these financing dollars went to early stage or start-up businesses...

CROWDFUNDING – AN ALTERNATIVE FOR FINANCING A BUSINESS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

CLAUDIA ISAC

2014-12-01

Full Text Available One of the most important trends in the world of the Internet in the past two years was the process of crowdfunding. In the paper I presented several defining elements of this financing practice of social projects or companies, ranging from a quick evolution over time and a presentation of the theoretical concept to a statistical presentation of the number of crowdfunding platforms and also of the amounts collected worldwide, thanks to them. In the second part of the paper we presented the three major platforms in Romania and some of the projects financed entirely due to their help. At the end of the paper one may find legislative guidance regarding crowdfunding in the USA, Europe and Romania.

Library Guides to Business Information.

Science.gov (United States)

Harris, Jamie L., Comp.

This collection of library guides is designed to introduce undergraduate students at Chicago State University to basic business reference sources. Annotated bibliographies cover the subject areas of business management, marketing, and finance. Guides in the collection include: (1) Researching the Company (Chicago and Illinois business and national…

Sources of Investment Finance in Firms in Slovakia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mikócziová Jana

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Based on results of the EBRD-World Bank “Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey” (BEEPS, the paper provides an explanation of why firms in Slovakia finance the most of their new investments with retained earnings, followed by bank debt, trade credit and external equity, as well as why small firms tend to use more retained earnings and less bank debt than medium and large firms. The financing patterns of firms in Slovakia are compared to the average financing patterns of firms in selected OECD-countries. Furthermore, measures to stimulate corporate investments and their financing are proposed.

Institutional traps in the hospitality industry financing (by the example of Krasnodar region

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alla Yu. Baranova

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Objective to determine and classify the institutional traps in financing the hospitality industry in Russia. Methods abstractlogical generalization and observation. Results basing on the analysis of statistics and regional program of tourism development in Krasnodar region the challenges and obstacles were identified to the development and improvement of tourist services quality. The research result is the identification and systematization of institutional traps in the financing of tourism expressed in the increased public support of the sector. In particular a significant proportion of touristrecreational sector funding is still taken from the budget though the specific weight of profitable health resort organizations amounted to 60 over the past three years. In the process of research the author formulated a general concept of the institutional structure of the hospitality industry in Russia and the model of the sector financing through a system of incentives and benefits for vacationers forming the tourist clusters and forming a mechanism of dialogue between the authorities and representatives of tourist business. Scientific novelty the institutional traps are defined and systematized which are formed in the system of tourism financing measures to overcome them are proposed. Practical significance the proposed recommendations can be used by the entities of the hospitality industry to enhance business activities and by authorities to implement tasks outlined in the state programs.

Minding your Own Small Business - An Introductory Curriculum for Small Business Management. Volume I.

Science.gov (United States)

Holt, Nancy; And Others

Ten units on the basic knowledge and skills needed to manage a small business are provided in this curriculum guide designed for use with secondary and postsecondary students. Unit topics include forms of businesses, marketing, location, systems and records, promotion, pricing, human relations, financing a business, and effects of business…

Growth potential and business constraints of micro and small ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The MSEs employment growth was significantly and negatively affected by limited access to finance, limited access to business services, and limited access to market. In addition, limited access to premises, limited access to finance and limited access to business services were significantly and negatively affect the ...

Critically Review and Discuss Major Issues in“Financing Small Businesses”

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

MA Ming-lu

2013-01-01

The main purpose of this essay is to discuss and study the financing issues related to small business, and there is analysis about different financing methods, which divides them into internal and external sources. The essay examines the literature, mainly journal articles, on the financing issues related to internal and external financing and compare them and discuss about their advantages and disadvantages. And in order to make the points clear, it relates to some real cases of small companies financing methods, which helps to put the discussion in proper context.

Between structures and norms : Assessing tax increment financing for the Dutch spatial planning toolkit

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Root, Liz; Van Der Krabben, Erwin; Spit, Tejo

2015-01-01

The aim of the paper is to assess the institutional (mis)fit of tax increment financing for the Dutch spatial planning financial toolkit. By applying an institutionally oriented assessment framework, we analyse the interconnectivity of Dutch municipal finance and spatial planning structures and

Financing the Business. Unit 11. Level 3. Instructor Guide. PACE: Program for Acquiring Competence in Entrepreneurship. Third Edition. Research & Development Series No. 303-11.

Science.gov (United States)

Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Center on Education and Training for Employment.

This instructor guide for a unit on business finance in the PACE (Program for Acquiring Competence in Entrepreneurship) curriculum includes the full text of the student module and lesson plans, instructional suggestions, and other teacher resources. The competencies that are incorporated into this module are at Level 3 of learning--starting and…

Off-Balance Sheet Financing.

Science.gov (United States)

Adams, Matthew C.

1998-01-01

Examines off-balance sheet financing, the facilities use of outsourcing for selected needs, as a means of saving operational costs and using facility assets efficiently. Examples of using outside sources for energy supply and food services, as well as partnering with business for facility expansion are provided. Concluding comments address tax…

Sources of Investment Finance in Firms in Slovakia

OpenAIRE

Mikócziová Jana

2010-01-01

Based on results of the EBRD-World Bank “Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey” (BEEPS), the paper provides an explanation of why firms in Slovakia finance the most of their new investments with retained earnings, followed by bank debt, trade credit and external equity, as well as why small firms tend to use more retained earnings and less bank debt than medium and large firms. The financing patterns of firms in Slovakia are compared to the average financing patterns of firms...

Small Group Activities for Introductory Business Classes.

Science.gov (United States)

Mundrake, George

1999-01-01

Describes numerous small-group activities for the following areas of basic business education: consumer credit, marketing, business organization, entrepreneurship, insurance, risk management, economics, personal finance, business careers, global markets, and government regulation. (SK)

Structuring factoring business: accounting aspects

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

I.M. Vygivska

2017-08-01

Full Text Available The article theoretically substantiates the fact that factoring belongs to the main operational activity of a factoring company, and this allowed structuring the factoring business by types of activity. The lack of a unified approach to the classification of factoring (factoring services made it possible to systematize and refine their classification as a basis for developing accounting and analytical support for risk management of factoring business. The authors single out such classification signs as: the right of the reverse claim (reverse, irretrievable, a territorial feature (international, internal, the subject of the factoring contract (real, consensual, the availability of notification of the debtor (conventional, confidential. The structuring of factoring business contributes to the identification of the risks of the economic activities of a factoring company depending on the type of factoring, the development of methodological support for the bookkeeping of factoring transactions in a risk environment, the search for risk management practices and the determination of management effectiveness in general.

Applying Internet-based Technologies to Teaching Corporate Finance and Investments

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zhuoming “Joe” Peng, Ph.D.,

2006-07-01

Full Text Available Finance faculty are increasingly encouraged to use internet-based technologies in teaching. This paper examines students’ perceptions of finance faculty who use internet-based technologies and the impact on their learning experiences in undergraduate introductory corporate finance, investments, and MBA investments courses. The results suggest that offering all course materials online may enhance students’ learning experiences, however, the technologies may be best thought of as teaching tools. A better methodology for a finance course delivery may be that of in-classroom interactions between an instructor and the students while all the pertinent course materials are available online throughout the semester. There is a statistically significant difference between MBA (Master of Business Administration students and undergraduate business students in terms of their desire to use the internet for learning finance. Consistent with previous research, results indicate that it may not be common practice among faculty to use internet-based technologies, and that assistant professors tend to use technologies in teaching more often than their higher-ranked colleagues do.

Development of Optimization method about Capital Structure and Senior-Sub Structure by considering Project-Risk

Science.gov (United States)

Kawamoto, Shigeru; Ikeda, Yuichi; Fukui, Chihiro; Tateshita, Fumihiko

Private finance initiative is a business scheme that materializes social infrastructure and public services by utilizing private-sector resources. In this paper we propose a new method to optimize capital structure, which is the ratio of capital to debt, and senior-sub structure, which is the ratio of senior loan to subordinated loan, for private finance initiative. We make the quantitative analysis of a private finance initiative's project using the proposed method. We analyze trade-off structure between risk and return in the project, and optimize capital structure and senior-sub structure. The method we propose helps to improve financial stability of the project, and to make a fund raising plan that is expected to be reasonable for project sponsor and moneylender.

Investment process financing in Russian business: assessment, trends, problems

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lyudmila Aleksandrovna Kormishkina

2014-07-01

Full Text Available In modern conditions the provision of investment process financing is the most important task of state economic policy aimed at achieving sustainable growth and dynamic development of the Russian economy in general. This problem solution requires further theoretical consideration and development of appropriate methodological, methodical and practical recommendations. Financing of investment activity development should be based on the systemic approach, which considers this process as an element of the financial support system of the state innovation development. It is necessary to conduct research in order to expand the financial component of this support, encourage the investment process development, enhance financial relations in the sphere of forming and using the intellectual property objects and develop a complex of measures to study the innovations implementation possibilities. Although economic science pays a lot of attention to various aspects of the issue, there is currently no research work, devoted to the study of sources of the investment process financing. Development of methodical and practical recommendations to establish the system of its financing, taking into account modern world economic trends is required. The authors have revealed the enterprises’ general economic profit while promoting sustainable economic growth by means of provision of financial resources for it. The closeness of the relationship is calculated on the basis of regression models that characterize the sectoral distribution of gross profit. The correlation-regression analysis has helped to assess the influence of the main sources of the RF fixed assets on the investment index. The economic nature of the sources determines its value and dynamics

Dutch Corporate Finance, 1602-1850

NARCIS (Netherlands)

A. de Jong (Abe); J. Jonker (Joost); A. Roëll (Ailsa)

2013-01-01

textabstractEarly Modern Dutch corporate finance had two notable features, a remarkable ease of raising large amounts of capital and a flexible legal framework. Having pioneered new corporate forms with two intercontinental trading companies, Dutch business adopted such forms on a wider scale only

Business Principles and Management. Curriculum Guidelines.

Science.gov (United States)

Clemson Univ., SC. Vocational Education Media Center.

This senior high school curriculum guide offers a general overview of the American business system and a study of various forms of business ownership, internal organization and management functions of business, and the financing of business. Ten areas are explored in the course: (1) capitalism; (2) money, credit, and banking; (3) government and…

12 CFR 613.3010 - Financing for processing or marketing operations.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... overseeing the policies, business practices, management, and decision-making process of the legal entity; or... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Financing for processing or marketing... for processing or marketing operations. (a) Eligible borrowers. A borrower is eligible for financing...

Sustainable Development of New Rural Finance in China

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

NIE Yong

2012-01-01

Rural finance is the weakest link in China’s financial system. There are still many problems in the traditional rural finance, such as poor business conditions, imperfectly competitive financial markets, and credit information asymmetry; the phenomenon of farmers’ loans difficulty has not been fundamentally changed. In order to improve the current situation of rural finance, the state proposes to develop new rural finance and innovate upon rural financial system. The new rural finance has many good development advantages, such as adequate information, flexible operation, and good potential quality of the assets. It is necessary to innovate upon financial products and services, establish the purpose of serving agriculture, countryside and farmers, strengthen the supervision of credit, and improve the financial infrastructure construction, so as to achieve sustainable developments.

Business Development Corporation, Inc.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jasek, S.

1995-12-31

Business Development Corporation, Inc., is a company specializing in opportunity seeking and business development activities in the {open_quotes}new{close_quotes} post communist Central and Eastern Europe, with particular emphasis on the Republics of Poland and Slovakia. The company currently focuses its expertise on strategic investing and business development between Central Europe and the United States of America. In Poland and Slovakia, the company specializes in developing large scale energy and environmental {open_quotes}infrastructure{close_quotes} development projects on the federal, state, and local level. In addition, the company assists large state owned industries in the transformation and privatization process. Business Development Corporation has assisted and continues to assist in projects of national importance. The staff of experts advise numerous large Polish and Slovak companies, most owned or in the process of privatization, on matters of restructuring, finance, capital structure, strategic parternships or investors, mergers, acquisitions and joint ventures with U.S. based firms. The company also assists and advises on a variety of environmental and energy matters in the public and private sector.

31 CFR 1.6 - Business information.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Business information. 1.6 Section 1.6... Information Act § 1.6 Business information. (a) In general. Business information provided to the Department of the Treasury by a business submitter shall not be disclosed pursuant to a Freedom of Information Act...

Deregulation impacts AMR business cases

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wiebe, M.; Fauth, G.

2001-09-01

Meter reading strategy is being affected in fundamental ways by deregulation. For the utilities attempting to cope with meter reading unbundling, the processes, insights and general rules that had been developed prior to 2000 in the field of Automatic Meter Reading can no longer be relied upon to provide useful lessons. The fundamental impact on Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) business case drivers and the increasing complexity of building the business case model result from deregulation and unbundling. More and more, management has come to rely on rigorous business case analysis to compensate for the magnitude of AMR projects on the utility and the scarcity of financial resources. One can now expect the Chief Financial Officer and the Vice President Finance to become active players on AMR project teams in the fields of business case scrutiny and approval. Increasingly, the normal expertise of AMR personnel does not suffice to build a business case acceptable to finance. The financial and economic analysis skills required are ever more complex.

Project finance of hydroelectric power plants in Brazil; 'Project finance' de usinas hidroeletricas no Brasil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ribeiro Filho, Valfredo de Assis; Ramos, Maria Olivia de Souza [Universidade Salvador (UNIFACS), BA (Brazil)

2008-07-01

The aim of this paper is to discuss the modality of project finance of financing of enterprises, which is the main modality of structuring of hydroelectric projects in Brazil. In the discussion will be highlighted the importance of contracts EPC (Engineering, Search and Construction) in the structuring of project finances. This financing model has particular characteristics related to risk sharing and financial flexibility that enable the financing of projects with long-term capital, however, due to participation of various actors and the nature of the structure of project finance, the negotiation and drafting of contracts are always very complex.

Financing aspects of nuclear power plant construction under Polish economic conditions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Besant-Jones, John E.

1999-01-01

Within the framework of the new Polish Energy Law the different issues important far financing a programme to develop nuclear power power in Poland such as: economic competitiveness of nuclear power, financing options for nuclear power projects, managing the various risks for financing nuclear power as well as nuclear and business liability are considered. The importance of policy issues is stressed

Business math for dummies

CERN Document Server

Sterling, Mary Jane

2008-01-01

Now, it is easier than ever before to understand complex mathematical concepts and formulas and how they relate to real-world business situations. All you have to do it apply the handy information you will find in Business Math For Dummies. Featuring practical practice problems to help you expand your skills, this book covers topics like using percents to calculate increases and decreases, applying basic algebra to solve proportions, and working with basic statistics to analyze raw data. Find solutions for finance and payroll applications, including reading financial statements, calculating wages and commissions, and strategic salary planning. Navigate fractions, decimals, and percents in business and real estate transactions, and take fancy math skills to work. You'll be able to read graphs and tables and apply statistics and data analysis. You'll discover ways you can use math in finance and payroll investments, banking and payroll, goods and services, and business facilities and operations. You'll learn ho...

Towards more financing options for energy efficient buildings and houses

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vethman, P.; Menkveld, M.

2012-02-01

This article offers an impression of the problems related to the limited financial options for energy efficient buildings and dwellings and possible solutions. It is based on a recent ECN study (RE-BIZZ) and several interviews about this topic with financers. There is a need for a more business appreciation of market parties such as financers for energy efficiency in buildings to increase financing options. The market needs the help of the government, which can help to remove barriers and hence make financing more appealing. [nl

Undergraduate Entrepreneurial Finance Course: Some Curriculum and Pedagogical Perspectives

Science.gov (United States)

Thapa, Samanta; Chan, Kam C.

2013-01-01

Using online survey, we document the opinions of finance professors as to what should be the core content of undergraduate entrepreneurial finance course and the approach to be taken to teach this course. On the core content of the course, the top five topics preferred by the respondents were: Identifying business opportunities and examining their…

A Note for Graphing Calculators in the Fundamental Finance Course

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Jeng-Hong

2011-01-01

The financial calculator is incorporated in finance education. In class, the instructor shows students how to use the financial calculator's function keys to solve time value of money (TVM) related problems efficiently. The fundamental finance course is required for all majors in the business school. Some students, especially…

Difficulties in Raising Finance and Sources of Finance Available for SMEs

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

范怡纯

2015-01-01

Compared with large sized enterprises,one of the chief characters of smal and medium enterprises(SMEs)is that the scale is smal and the power has been highly concentrated.Essential y , almost any smal enterprise manages their business independently.Thus,the initiative of the operator total y determines the motivation for profits.As the operators are sensitive to the changeable market,implementing the combination of the right of ownership and management control can help operators either save the supervision costs or make quick decisions.However,dif iculties in raising finance have secularly blocked the development of the SMEs.Therefore,it becomes a key issue for the growing of the SMEs that how to ef ectively improve the financing situation of SMEs.

12 CFR 980.3 - New business activity notice requirement.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... undertaking a new business activity, except as provided in § 980.4(b), a Bank shall submit to the Finance... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false New business activity notice requirement. 980.3 Section 980.3 Banks and Banking FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE BOARD NEW FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK ACTIVITIES NEW...

The Financial Structure and its Impact on Financial -Economic Results in Cuban Companies

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Esperanza González-del-Foyo

2016-06-01

Full Text Available The financial structure refers to the way a company finances its assets through a combination of equity, debtor hybrid securities. Financial decisions are important in business management, on which heavily rely the viability and rentability of business. Hence the need for managers to know and analyze the financing structure in order to evaluate the impact on its results from the point of view of risk, cost and performance. In the article the main theories of financial structure are based, and the different approaches for its study. Considerations are made on this issue in the Cuban economy, and techniques are applied to evaluate the impact of financing in the form of risk and performance against the company on the “Cecilio Sanchez Valiente” in Santiago de Cuba.

Marlim project finance; 'Project finance' de Marlim

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

D' Almeida, Albino Lopes [PETROBRAS, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

2004-07-01

Project Finance is often used worldwide to raise the funds to develop big projects, particularly in the area of power and infra-structure. It is designed to support a singular project and a specific purpose company is created to obtain the financing. The debt payment is secured by the enterprise's cash flow, avoiding real guarantee requirements. The lenders receive the future revenues and the property of the assets to be built. The risks are mitigated by agreements exhaustively negotiated among the parties. One of the most important Project Finances performed in Brazil is the Marlim Project, structured in order to complete the development of the Marlim oil field. This is the biggest Brazilian oil field, producing more than 500,000 barrels a day, almost 35% of the national production. This paper presents the general concepts related to this type of financing and general information about the project, including its structuring, negotiation and closing. The total commitment reaches US$ 1.5 billion obtained in both domestic and international markets through equity, bridge loan, bonds and commercial papers. Its whole life is 10 years, using 2 special purpose companies in its configuration. (author)

Loan versus Bond Financing of Czech Companies and the influence of the Global Recession

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mačí Jan

2017-03-01

Full Text Available European economies are traditionally considered to be bank based regarding the debt financing. However, in times of crises in the bank sector, this feature may indicate a weakness of these economies when the credit squeeze phenomenon may occur and companies’ competitiveness might be negatively affected thanks to unstable financing possibilities. In such conditions, a shift from bank loans to bonds might be expected. That is why this paper focuses on mutual development of corporate bond and business loan markets in the developing Czech economy in the years 2006–2014 with regard to the impacts of the global financial crisis of 2008/2009. The main goal of this article is to identify whether, thanks to the impacts of the global recession in 2009, there was a shift in Czech economy in business financing from the loans to bonds in a similar fashion as in the case of East Asian economies after their financial crisis in the nineties. Since Czech companies practically do not use short-term bonds, a mutual relationship is examined between amounts of long-term corporate bonds and economic development captured by the GDP per capita, and between long-term business loans and development of long-term corporate bonds. The main findings of this study are that since the global financial crisis, bond financing of businesses has been growing faster than loan financing. Czech economy thus shifts and becomes more bond market-based. The development of bond financing is positively correlated with the GDP per capita. Time series of both loans and bonds develop along the same trend. However, residual components are correlated negatively, which confirms the standing of loans and bonds as substitutes. Two main practical implications may be derived from this study. First, a growing usage of bonds increases demands on the market regulator, especially in the field of monitoring. Second, the growing bond market leads to the increased effectiveness, which makes additional

Considerations when analyzing investment in space transportation business ventures

Science.gov (United States)

S. Greenberg, Joel

2000-07-01

Private sector investment in space transportation, as in most business situations, requires the development of realistic and believable business plans that demonstrate that if an investment is made that there is a reasonable chance that the indicated financial performance will attract the necessary financing. The business plan must also indicate the assumptions upon which the plan rests, and as has become almost second nature to the space transportation industry, the necessary role of the government in risk reduction and/or capital formation [i.e., government actions that are necessary to make the business venture financially attractive]. This paper discusses and describes several factors that must be considered, by both government and industry, when developing a business plan for obtaining financing for space transportation business ventures.

Business Incubation in Chile: Development, Financing and Financial Services

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aruna Chandra

2012-07-01

Full Text Available Business incubation in Chile is still in its nascent stages, with approximately 27 incubators supported primarily by a coalition of government and universities. Chilean business incubators tend to capitalize on regional resource strengths and have a strategic focus on high growth, high innovation, high impact businesses as a result of a government mandate to focus on developing business with high potential for economic development and job creation. The government’s efforts to create the framework conditions for entrepreneurship by investing in business incubators, organizing risk capital for early stage ventures to fill capital market gaps and support for angel networks as well as incubator funding are discussed. Policy implications for the continued growth of the incubation industry are provided.

Access to finance from different finance provider types: Farmer knowledge of the requirements

OpenAIRE

Wulandari, Eliana; Meuwissen, Miranda P. M.; Karmana, Maman H.; Oude Lansink, Alfons G. J. M.

2017-01-01

Analysing farmer knowledge of the requirements of finance providers can provide valuable insights to policy makers about ways to improve farmers' access to finance. This study compares farmer knowledge of the requirements to obtain finance with the actual requirements set by different finance provider types, and investigates the relation between demographic and socioeconomic factors and farmer knowledge of finance requirements. We use a structured questionnaire to collect data from a sample o...

Integrating Finance and Accounting through a Business Combination Assignment

Science.gov (United States)

Walstra, Richard; Harrington, Steve; Drougas, Anne; Pollastrini, Raymond

2012-01-01

The traditional approach to business education has been through functional training in specific disciplines. However, changes in the way businesses have operated over the past twenty years have led to calls for a new, integrated approach to business education. Support for an integrated curriculum has come from various professional organizations…

Mathematics in Finance and Economics: Importance of Teaching Higher Order Mathematical Thinking Skills in Finance

Science.gov (United States)

Tularam, Gurudeo Anand

2013-01-01

This paper addresses the importance of teaching mathematics in business and finance schools of tertiary institutions of Australia. The paper explores the nature of thinking and reasoning required for advancement financial or economic studies involves the use of higher order thinking and creativity skills (HOTS) for teaching in mathematics classes.…

Islamic Public Infrastructure Financing: An Analysis of Alternative Financing Instruments with Application in Developing Countries

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Islam, Saiful

2004-01-01

This project examines the structure of public infrastructure financing in Indonesia and examines whether financing based on Islamic principles is a feasible alternative to current financing mechanisms...

KCA Journal of Business Management: Editorial Policies

African Journals Online (AJOL)

KCA Journal of Business Management: Editorial Policies ... Finance, Management, Human, Resources management, Business research methods, ... The papers should take into account the diversity of the targeted readership as reflected in ...

Implications of e-commerce for banking and finance

OpenAIRE

Heng, Michael S.H.

2001-01-01

The aim of the paper is to show that e-commerce holds the potential to transform banking and financial systems. There are three aspects in which e-commerce can affect banking and finance. First, banks and financial firms can use the technology and business practice of e-commerce to market their products to the customers. Second, e-commerce provides a business opportunity for banks to offer new products and services to serve the needs of e-commerce. Third, the new business environment associat...

Access to finance from different finance provider types: Farmer knowledge of the requirements.

Science.gov (United States)

Wulandari, Eliana; Meuwissen, Miranda P M; Karmana, Maman H; Oude Lansink, Alfons G J M

2017-01-01

Analysing farmer knowledge of the requirements of finance providers can provide valuable insights to policy makers about ways to improve farmers' access to finance. This study compares farmer knowledge of the requirements to obtain finance with the actual requirements set by different finance provider types, and investigates the relation between demographic and socioeconomic factors and farmer knowledge of finance requirements. We use a structured questionnaire to collect data from a sample of finance providers and farmers in Java Island, Indonesia. We find that the most important requirements to acquire finance vary among different finance provider types. We also find that farmers generally have little knowledge of the requirements, which are important to each type of finance provider. Awareness campaigns are needed to increase farmer knowledge of the diversity of requirements among the finance provider types.

A Cash Waqf Investment Model: An Alternative Model for Financing Micro-Enterprises in Malaysia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jarita Duasa

2016-02-01

Full Text Available This study was designed to empirically determine: (i to look the factors causes micro enterprises opt for using internal funding instead of external funding; and (ii to observe the probability of micro enterprises opt for Cash Waqf fund as alternative source of funding their business. The primary data is collected from the administered survey questions in Klang Valley (Selangor and Kuala Lumpur and the analysis is conducted using statistical analysis and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM. The model is validated its acceptance in the field by adopting the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA. From the findings, among the factors that lead micro enterprises to use internal funding are strict collateral requirement by commercial financial institutions, high cost of financing, strict documentation requirement and good financial and business track record. Unfortunately, most of them cannot fulfill these conditions and continue to face the problem of accessing finance. The present study has developed the Cash Waqf Investment model to support micro enterprises to improve their access to finance and enhance the skills. Based on the responses received from the field, it has been shown that the intention and readiness of micro enterprises in accepting the model as a source of financial and human capital development services is impressive.

Endettement, accords implicites et capital organisationnel : vers une théorie organisationnelle de la structure financière

OpenAIRE

Christophe Moussu

2000-01-01

L'objectif de cet article est d'appréhender le choix d'une structure financière dans une théorie de la firme reposant sur la formation de capital organisationnel, associé à la relation d'emploi. Après avoir défini la notion de capital organisationnel, une modélisation des liens entre la structure financière et les accords implicites est proposée. La théorie organisationnelle proposée est confrontée aux théories alternatives de la structure financière. Ses implications empiriques sont égalemen...

31 CFR 800.226 - U.S. business.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false U.S. business. 800.226 Section 800... TAKEOVERS BY FOREIGN PERSONS Definitions § 800.226 U.S. business. The term U.S. business means any entity... subsidiary is a U.S. business. Corporation A and its branch or subsidiary is each also a foreign person...

Mobilizing the Private Sector for Adaptation Finance | IDRC ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

... sector financing could be mobilized for climate change adaptation projects in the same ... the research in collaboration with the Frankfurt Business School and existing CTI PFAN ... International Center for Environmental Technology Transfer.

Structuring and financing new nuclear power plant projects in Europe: selected remarks

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Belchev, A.

2004-01-01

Project financing in the field of nuclear energy is discussed taking into account the changes and new challenges in Europe. Bringing a project to maturity under 'revised' assumptions is likely to be a complex task for all parties involved, but there is a real potential for an enhanced role for stake holders from the private sector. There is a more realistic understanding about how the public and the private sectors can work together. Successfully combining public and private, national and foreign stake holders is likely to be a critical factor of success. The alignment of interest over the long term best serves a projects business case. In that context, a Governments policies are increasingly under the spotlight

[Financing of regional occupational health service centers: structure and financial criteria in years 2000-2001].

Science.gov (United States)

Rydlewska-Liszkowska, Izabela

2003-01-01

The rational planning and financing of occupational health services at the national level have to be based on an appropriate system of information about individual units and their financial status that could illustrate their financial administration. This is required not only in view of the internal needs of public money management, but also in view of the national health accounts. The major task in this regard is to assess the level and structure of financing to individual units and to check the soundness of criteria used in the process of supplying financial means. The results of such an analysis can be a valuable source of information for planning carried out also by the institutions which provide funds to cover the cost of tasks performed by individual units. The aim of the project implemented by the Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine was to collect, process and analyze data on the level and structure of financing of provincial occupational medicine centers. In this paper, the objectives, methodology and analytical tools are discussed. The results and structural data on the level and structure of financing of regional occupational health services centers covering a two-year period are presented. At the same time, the criteria for allocating funds were identified, which made it possible to evaluate the situation and to propose new solutions.

Construction of a business model to assure financial sustainability of biobanks.

Science.gov (United States)

Warth, Rainer; Perren, Aurel

2014-12-01

Biobank-suisse (BBS) is a collaborative network of biobanks in Switzerland. Since 2005, the network has worked with biobank managers towards a Swiss biobanking platform that harmonizes structures and procedures. The work with biobank managers has shown that long-term, sustainable financing is difficult to obtain. In this report, three typical biobank business models are identified and their characteristics analyzed. Five forces analysis was used to understand the competitive environment of biobanks. Data provided by OECD was used for financial estimations. The model was constructed using the business model canvas tool. The business models identified feature financing influenced by the economic situation and the research budgets in a given country. Overall, the competitive environment for biobanks is positive. The bargaining power with the buyer is negative since price setting and demand prediction is difficult. In Switzerland, the healthcare industry collects approximately 5600 U.S. dollars per person and year. If each Swiss citizen paid 0.1% (or 5 U.S. dollars) of this amount to Swiss biobanks, 45 million U.S. dollars could be collected. This compares to the approximately 10 million U.S. dollars made available for cohort studies, longitudinal studies, and pathology biobanks through science funding. With the same approach, Germany, the United States, Canada, France, and the United Kingdom could collect 361, 2634, 154, 264, and 221 million U.S. dollars, respectively. In Switzerland and in other countries, an annual fee less than 5 U.S. dollars per person is sufficient to provide biobanks with sustainable financing. This inspired us to construct a business model that not only includes the academic and industrial research sectors as customer segment, but also includes the population. The revenues would be collected as fees by the healthcare system. In Italy and Germany, a small share of healthcare spending is already used to finance selected clinical trials. The legal

The Effect of Micro Enterprise Financing on Farmers Welfare in Abia ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The chow's test revealed a significant difference between the welfare of the farmers with micro loan and those without micro credit. Micro enterprise farmers who obtained micro credit to finance their business had better welfare status that those that did not. Key words: Micro Enterprise, Financing, Welfare, Abia State, ...

Financial and Non-financial Institutions and Small Business ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The two important ingredients for business development are finance and skill. Small business enterprises in most countries suffer from financial constraints and lack of entrepreneurial skill. There has been a crucial lack of business start-up training in Botswana, which has led to small business failures. The study covered fifty ...

Demystifying the Business Plan Process: An Introductory Guide.

Science.gov (United States)

Kuratko, Donald F.

This article is designed as the starting point for writing a business plan. It first describes what a business plan is. These benefits are discussed: financing, increasing knowledge, preventing poor investment, and planning. A brief description follows of the 10 components of a business plan: executive summary; business description; marketing;…

Doing business internationally : what makes a project financeable?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Megaw, L.

2002-01-01

This presentation described the work of the Export Development Corporation (EDC), the only Canadian financial institution that is dedicated exclusively to finance and insurance services to support international trade. EDC supports Canadian exporters, foreign buyers and Canadian investors in international projects in North America as well as in Asia, South America, Europe, the Middle East and Africa. 5 figs

Exploration: A misunderstood business

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lohrenz, J.

1991-01-01

The business of exploration is persistently misunderstand. Why? Misunderstandings persist and even pervade educated, sophisticated, and obviously capable business practitioners and savants of an array of disciplines - finance, economics, and the management sciences. Routine and appropriate assumptions that apply for most businesses invoke nonsense applied to exploration, a unique business. The uniqueness of exploration, unrecognized, sustains the misunderstandings. The authors will not here obliterate these obdurate misunderstandings with some revelation. They show, however, how the misunderstandings naturally arise among those who certainly are not used to being naive

31 CFR 103.20 - Reports by money services businesses of suspicious transactions.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... immediate attention, such as ongoing money laundering schemes, the money services business shall immediately... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Reports by money services businesses of suspicious transactions. 103.20 Section 103.20 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to...

Quality of Business, Entrepreneurship Education and Business Start-up Intentions among Students in Serbia: Research Results

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dragan Živko Ćoćkalo

2013-11-01

Full Text Available This paper will present findings of a research conducted among students in the Republic of Serbia dealing with quality of business, entrepreneurship and business start-ups. Throughout a three year period the research has included 1990 examinees. The population is built on students from four universities and business schools directed towards business and management. The research has been conducted using a structured questionnaire. Among other, the research has shown that a number of examinees were not informed of the existence of financial incentives for starting a business. Interviewed students reported that they lack the knowledge of: the basics of entrepreneurship and small business, basic finance and accounting and foreign languages. In the opinion of students, the Republic of Serbia is currently no suitable environment that encourages youth to start their own businesses. The results of this research point out the fact that the state must have the key role in this sphere of Serbian market through a creation of certain documents whose aim is promoting the concept of the young as entrepreneurs. A research of this scope has so far not been conducted on the territory of the Republic of Serbia, and to the best of the authors’ knowledge not even in the West Balkans region.

Foreign-Affairs Schools Warily Add Professors and Classes in Finance.

Science.gov (United States)

Carr, Sarah

1999-01-01

Prompted in part by student demand, schools of international affairs are offering new courses, hiring new faculty, and creating research centers focused on business and finance. Schools feel this move is necessary in a world where business dominates international relations and the public and private sectors have become intertwined. Critics feel…

The Determinants of Debt Financing

OpenAIRE

Zhao, Chenkai

2013-01-01

Debt financing is an important part in capital structure. Over the fifty years, most scholars and researchers focus primarily on the balance between debt financing and equity financing. And only few research involve in types of debt financing, as well as the determinant of debt financing. This study is aim to analyse the determinate of debt financing, which examine that the influence by eight different elements. This dissertation examined by quantitative techniques with 591 UK listed comp...

The Value of International Experiences for Business Students: Measuring Business Student Attitudes toward Study Abroad

Science.gov (United States)

Heffron, Sean; Maresco, Peter A.

2014-01-01

The value of an international experience--especially for students of business--continues to be an area of focus at colleges and universities. Students across all disciplines within the business curriculum: accounting, economics, finance, management, marketing, or sport management are expected by employers to possess knowledge of, and appreciation…

Mukhabarah as Sharia Financing Model in Beef Cattle Farm Entrepise

Science.gov (United States)

Asnawi, A.; Amrawaty, A. A.; Nirwana

2018-02-01

Financing constraints on beef cattle farm nowadays have received attention by the government through distributed various assistance programs and program loans through implementing banks. The existing financing schemes are all still conventional yet sharia-based. The purpose of this research is to formulate financing pattern for sharia beef cattle farm. A qualitative and descriptive approach is used to formulate the pattern by considering the profit-sharing practices of the beef cattle farmers. The results of this study have formulated a financing pattern that integrates government, implementing banks, beef cattle farmers group and cooperative as well as breeders as its members. This pattern of financing is very accommodating of local culture that develops in rural communities. It is expected to be an input, especially in formulating a business financing policy Sharia-based beef cattle breeding.

FinTech and the financing of enterprises : From crowdfunding to marketplace lending

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Mc Cahery, Joseph; Fenwick, Mark; Vermeulen, Erik

2017-01-01

For the last decade economists have been preoccupied with the decline in bank financing to small businesses and entrepreneurs. This effort has produced a better understanding of the obstacles to external financing. We examine the market and policy instruments that in some sense encourage more bank

HOW DO ENTREPRENEURIAL TECHNOLOGY FIRMS REALLY GET FINANCED, AND WHAT DIFFERENCE DOES IT MAKE?

OpenAIRE

KELVIN W. WILLOUGHBY

2008-01-01

This paper discusses an emerging heterodoxy in the academic literature on entre- preneurial technology finance that is based on the idea of "bootstrapping." Bootstrap finance is a third approach (emphasizing funding technology ventures through revenue and other non-traditional sources), alongside the orthodoxies of traditional business finance (emphasizing debt) and contemporary venture finance (emphasizing venture capital and public equity). The paper also reports the results of an original ...

Current status and trends, organizational methods accounting and analysis of innovative enterprises’ venture financing

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

S.V. Rudeychuk

2016-09-01

Full Text Available The article examines the specific features and tendencies of development of venture financing in Ukraine. It shows the role of venture capital in the further development of Ukraine economy, this role is in financing and development of innovation, distribution of new technologies and increase of employment of highly professional staff in the territory of Ukraine. The authors determine the influence of characteristics of such financing on the formation of organization and methods of accounting and economic analysis of operations with venture capital investments. The paper grounds the necessity of accounting development and analytical support of innovative enterprises’ venture financing management; the state is caused by the need to attract additional funding from venture investors to finance the production and release of innovative products and businesses. The authors determine the directions of solving problems in accounting organization and methods and economic analysis of innovative enterprises’ venture financing, respectively, for the needs of all entities doing business venture and taking into account the peculiarities of this type of investment capital.

Funding Continuum for Private Business Owners: Evidence from the Pepperdine Private Capital Markets Project Survey

OpenAIRE

Maretno A. Harjoto; John K. Paglia

2011-01-01

The Pepperdine Private Capital Markets Project survey for business owners, administered during the spring of 2010, reveals an increasingly important role of friends and family (Friends/Family) to provide capital for privately-held businesses. Examining business owners’ perceptions of their sources of capital reveals that, overall, business owners prefer Friends/Family and angel financing as well as asset-based lenders and banks (ABL/Bank). Business owners consider Friends/Family financing to ...

Business models for renewable energy in the built environment. Updated version

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wuertenberger, L.; Menkveld, M.; Vethman, P.; Van Tilburg, X. [ECN Policy Studies, Amsterdam (Netherlands); Bleyl, J.W. [Energetic Solutions, Graz (Austria)

2012-04-15

The project RE-BIZZ aims to provide insight to policy makers and market actors in the way new and innovative business models (and/or policy measures) can stimulate the deployment of renewable energy technologies (RET) and energy efficiency (EE) measures in the built environment. The project is initiated and funded by the IEA Implementing Agreement for Renewable Energy Technology Deployment (IEA-RETD). It analysed ten business models in three categories (amongst others different types of Energy Service Companies (ESCOs), Developing properties certified with a 'green' building label, Building owners profiting from rent increases after EE measures, Property Assessed Clean Energy (PACE) financing, On-bill financing, and Leasing of RET equipment) including their organisational and financial structure, the existing market and policy context, and an analysis of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT). The study concludes with recommendations for policy makers and other market actors.

Business models for renewable energy in the built environment (RE-BIZZ)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wuertenberger, L.; Menkveld, M.; Vethman, P.; Van Tilburg, X. [ECN Policy Studies, Amsterdam (Netherlands); Bleyl, J.W. [Energetic Solutions, Graz (Austria)

2011-11-15

The project RE-BIZZ aims to provide insight to policy makers and market actors in the way new and innovative business models (and/or policy measures) can stimulate the deployment of renewable energy technologies (RET) and energy efficiency (EE) measures in the built environment. The project is initiated and funded by the IEA Implementing Agreement for Renewable Energy Technology Deployment (IEA-RETD). It analysed ten business models in three categories (amongst others different types of Energy Service Companies (ESCOs), Developing properties certified with a 'green' building label, Building owners profiting from rent increases after EE measures, Property Assessed Clean Energy (PACE) financing, On-bill financing, and Leasing of RET equipment) including their organisational and financial structure, the existing market and policy context, and an analysis of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT). The study concludes with recommendations for policy makers and other market actors.

Financial Structure of Mining Sector Companies During an Economic Slowdown /Struktura Finansowania Przedsiębiorstw W Sektorze Górniczym I Wydobywczym W Okresie Spowolnienia Gospodarczego

Science.gov (United States)

Sierpińska, Maria; Bąk, Patrycja

2012-12-01

The global economic crisis that started in 2007 in the area of finance, expanded over the subsequent years to the business sphere, and resulted in a drop of demand and production almost in any field of business activity. Access to foreign sources of finance, especially to loans, has become more difficult and expensive. In such circumstances, enterprises have had to resort more often to their own capital generated by the issue of shares, and to retained profit. Banks have limited their loans for business entities, reduced credit periods, and raised credit margins as well as their levels of collaterals. The McKinsey research into the changes that occur in the structures of sources of finance confirms that the share of equity capital in the structure of financing of non-financial enterprises has visibly grown, and their crediting scopes have been limited all over the European Union as well as in the euro zone. The global tendencies as regards directions of changes in the structure of the sources of corporate financing have also been reflected in Poland. The economic slowdown has resulted in changes in the structures of corporate financing. Mining companies have risen the shares of their equity capital in their general sources of financing. This tendency corresponds to the changes of structure of corporate financing in Poland and Europe. Enterprises have resorted to bank loans to a lesser degree than in times of better market situation. In mining, public companies have increased their crediting, while in private sector the tendency has been reverse. Enterprises tend to use more flexible debiting forms as compared to credits by way of issue of long-term corporate bonds. Mining companies have developed issue programs that are to be implemented over three-year periods. Before, only Katowicki Holding Węglowy [Katowice Mining Holding] had issued bonds. The present publication is an attempt at assessing the changes in the structure of corporate financing within the mining

Ethiopian Journal of Business and Economics (The)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The Ethiopian Journal of Business and Economics (EJBE) is a biannual ... in the fields of Accounting and Finance, Economics, Business Management, and Public ... and inter- and multi-disciplinary debate on the issues involving the four fields ...

ANALYSIS OF FINANCE AND MARK OFF SUCCESS FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nebojša Maksimović

2010-09-01

Full Text Available Any sports club organization is main tool for achieving his goals. If club’s basic goal – to achieve standard business performances (work characteristics and business – mark of efficiency his organization or his organizational diagnostics, demands maintenance on economic (finance analysis. In this research, with assisted program FINMEN set an example of financial management analysis in sports organizations

REGULATIONS AND FINANCING OF SMEs IN ALBANIA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Oltiana Muharremi

2012-12-01

Full Text Available An important factor that has contributed in the realization of a positive economic growth in Albania in the last 20 years is undoubtedly the Small and Medium Enterprise (SME sector. SME financing is a topic of significant research interest to academics, and an issue of great importance to the policy makers around the world. Economic, as well as technical and social arguments warrant the promotion of SMEs. They create large scale, low-cost employment opportunities, use locally available inputs and technologies, mobilize small and scattered private savings, develop entrepreneurship, and correct the regional imbalance in development that exists in industrialized countries. Several studies identify financing, infrastructure facilities, taxes, regulations and stability in policies as major obstacles for the growth of small and medium businesses. Improving the business environment for SME development is a key objective of the policy framework in Albania.

IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINANCIAL SYSTEM ON THE CAPITAL STRUCTURE OF THE ENTERPRISE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Toderascu (Sandu Carmen

2013-07-01

Full Text Available This paper aims to identify the types of financing structures of the economy that exist in European Union countries highlighting the features of each structure. For each type of financing system of the economy identified we observe the financial resources available to companies. Depending on these we identify how there are financed the companies in each market, more exactly what capital structure do they have, and moreover what is the optimal capital structure in each case. So, by this analysis, we want to see if the financing system of an economy influences the optimal structure of the companies operating in the capital market from that country. In various stages of development of the financial system, the company financing depends on the general characteristics of the environment in which the enterprise operates. The financing system existing in a country plays an important role on the capital structure of an enterprise because according to the specific of each country the enterprises have access to more or fewer financial resources. We also analyze the supply of financial resources within each system, exactly the actual money that businesses can have on those markets and key management decisions on enterprises financing. In this paper we combine the theoretical analysis with the empirical results obtained by the studies realized by European Commission. It is important to keep in mind that the results obtained by the analysis realized in the last years may be influenced by the manifestation of the global financial crisis. An important result of this analyze is that the external environment and the disturbances in the external environment have a significant influence on the financing of businesses operating in a country. This was proved again by the impact of the current financial crisis on the activities of the enterprises on each market from European Union.

Alternative windpower ownership structures: Financing terms and project costs

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wiser, R.; Kahn, E.

1996-05-01

Most utility-scale renewable energy projects in the United States are developed and financed by private renewable energy companies. Electric output is then sold to investor-owned and public utilities under long-term contracts. Limited partnerships, sale/leaseback arrangements, and project-financing have historically been the dominant forms of finance in the windpower industry, with project-finance taking the lead more recently. Although private ownership using project-finance is still the most popular form of windpower development, alternative approaches to ownership and financing are becoming more prevalent. U.S. public and investor-owned electric utilities (IOUs) have begun to participate directly in windpower projects by owning and financing their own facilities rather than purchasing windpower from independent non-utility generators (NUGs) through power purchase agreements (PPAs). In these utility-ownership arrangements, the wind turbine equipment vendor/developer typically designs and constructs a project under a turnkey contract for the eventual project owner (the utility). The utility will also frequently sign an operations and maintenance (O&M) contract with the project developer/equipment vendor. There appear to be a number of reasons for utility involvement in recent and planned U.S. wind projects. One important claim is that utility ownership and self-finance provides substantial cost savings compared to contracting with private NUGs to supply wind-generated power. In this report, we examine that assertion.

Big Data as a Revolutionary Tool in Finance

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aureliano Angel Bressan

2015-08-01

Full Text Available A data driven culture is arising as a research field and analytic tool in Finance and Management since the advent of structured, semi-structured and unstructured socio-economic and demographic information from social media, mobile devices, blogs and product reviews from consumers. Big Data, the expression that encompasses this revolution, involves the usage of new tools for financial professionals and academic researchers due to the size of data involved, which require more powerful manipulation tools. In this sense, Machine Learning techniques can allow more effective ways to model complex relationships that arise from the interaction of different types of data, regarding issues such as Operational and Reputational Risk, Portfolio Management, Business Intelligence and Predictive Analytics. The following books can be a good start for those interested in this new field.

Business Partners, Financing, and the Commercialization of Inventions

OpenAIRE

Thomas Åstebro; Carlos J. Serrano

2011-01-01

This paper studies the effect of business partners on the commercialization of nvention based ventures, and it assesses the relative importance of partners' human and social capital on commercialization outcomes. Projects run by partnerships were five times more likely to reach commercialization, and they had mean revenues approximately ten times greater than projects run by solo-entrepreneurs. These gross differences may be due both to business partners' value added and to selection. After c...

Ethics in International Business Education: Perspectives from Five Business Disciplines.

Science.gov (United States)

LeClair, Debbie Thorne; Clark, Robert; Ferrell, Linda; Joseph, Gilbert; Leclair, Daniel

1999-01-01

Examines international ethics issues and perspectives from the vantage points of five disciplines in business education: economics, management, finance, accounting, and marketing. Finds an underlying theme of management awareness, accountability, and control of ethical decision-making. Suggests some ethics-related curriculum projects. (DB)

Financing the Business. Unit 11. Level 2. Instructor Guide. PACE: Program for Acquiring Competence in Entrepreneurship. Third Edition. Research & Development Series No. 302-11. Series No. 302-11.

Science.gov (United States)

Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Center on Education and Training for Employment.

This instructor guide for a unit on business financing in the PACE (Program for Acquiring Competence in Entrepreneurship) curriculum includes the full text of the student module and lesson plans, instructional suggestions, and other teacher resources. The competencies that are incorporated into this module are at Level 2 of learning--planning for…

个人理财业务在商业银行中营销策略探析%The Research of the Strategy Application in the Personal Finance Business of Commercial Banks

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

许健

2013-01-01

个人理财业务的发展是我国商业银行提高其综合竞争力的重要途径。随着社会经济的快速发展和居民收入水平的不断提高，人们对于更高层次的个人理财业务需求大幅提升，个人理财业务营销的重要性和紧迫性日益突出。商业银行应当按照自身的经营特点，深刻分析个人理财业务营销的现状与存在的问题，以营销创新为突破口，从产品与品牌、价格机制、渠道体系和促销方式四个层面构造全新的营销策略。%The development of personal finance business is an important means to improve its comprehensive competitiveness of commercial banks in China. With the further development of social economy and the continuous improvement of residents' income level, the demand for higher level of personal finance business is increasing rapidly, so the marketing of personal finance business is becoming more and more important and urgent. Therefore, through making a profound analysis of personal financial services marketing situation and existing problems according to the nature of its business activities and characteristics, the commercial banks should construct new mar-keting strategy from the four aspects-product and brand, the price mechanism, the channel system, promotion methods by taking market-ing innovation as a breakthrough.

Revised article: Business Ideas Competition

CERN Multimedia

2003-01-01

THIS ARTICLE REPLACES THAT PUBLISHED IN BULLETIN 27/2003, PAGE 8. "The Rainbow Seed Fund is a UK fund, which provides finance to support the commercialization of good ideas founded on scientific research; it is for the benefit of the UK industry in particular. To encourage ideas from CERN the Rainbow Seed Fund is running a business ideas competition. The winner of this competition will receive an immediate cash prize of GBP £1,000. In addition the Rainbow Seed Fund may well provide finance for market research, for protection of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and for prototyping to take the idea forward. Further awards of GBP £750 will be made for ideas which gain investment from the Fund. Candidates will only be required to prepare a 2-4-page summary of their business idea, and not a full business plan. Full details and an entry form are available at http://www.rainbowseedfund.com." ALL Members of the Personnel seeking participation in the business ideas competition are asked to submit their ideas via ...

Evaluating The Financial Consequences of Different Financing Structure for Nuclear Power Project under Malaysian Market

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Muhammed Zulfakar Zolkaffly; Faisal Izwan Abdul Rashid; Siti Syarina Mat Sali; Fairuz Suzana Mohd Chachuli; Mohd Azmi Sidid Omar

2016-01-01

Full text: In 2010, Malaysia through the Economic Transformation Programme (ETP) has initiated an effort to explore nuclear energy as an option for electricity generation post-2020 in order to meet country's growing energy demand and diversify its energy mix. To date, Malaysia is focusing its efforts on the preparatory activities, pending to make decision to embark on nuclear power project. The development of nuclear power plants is a major undertaking for any country which that requires huge financial implications and commitments. On this note, this paper aims at evaluating the financial consequences of different financing structure for nuclear power project under Malaysian market condition, based on two key financial indicators, namely, Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). The computer model FINPLAN developed by the IAEA was used to perform this study. The result shows that different financing structure significantly affect the sensitivity of NPV and IRR, that may be of interest to the investors in exploring viable financing structure for nuclear power project development. (author)

12 CFR 906.13 - How does the Finance Board oversee and monitor the outreach program?

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false How does the Finance Board oversee and monitor the outreach program? 906.13 Section 906.13 Banks and Banking FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE BOARD FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE BOARD ORGANIZATION AND OPERATIONS OPERATIONS Contractor Outreach Program for Businesses Owned by Minorities, Women, or Individuals...

77 FR 15834 - Notice Seeking Exemption Under Section 312 of the Small Business Investment Act, Conflicts of...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-03-16

... Small Business Investment Act of 1958, as amended (``the Act''), in connection with the financing of a small concern, has sought an exemption under section 312 of the Act and section 107.730, Financings... SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Notice Seeking Exemption Under Section 312 of the Small Business...

The Internet, Bank Structure and Small Business Lending

OpenAIRE

Steven G. Craig; Polly T. Hardee

2002-01-01

The advent of the Internet has opened many opportunities for bankers to access new customers, increase convenience and expand product ranges in many markets, including that of small businesses. Yet anecdotal evidence reveals that smaller banks are reluctant to employ Internet technology in the small business market for fear of damaging the customer relationship developed through personal contact. These smaller, more simply structured banks tend to specialize in small business lending, possess...

Sources of Finance for Entrepreneurship Development

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Balaban Mladenka

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Entrepreneurship is one of the most important categories that are now associated with small and medium-sized enterprises, employment and the creation of new jobs and new business category. Entrepreneurial behavior in finance implies a readiness to take risk and a taste for independence and self-fulfillment. It can develop in any sector of the economy and in any type of business. Through entrepreneurship strengthen personal resources - not only the material but also the motives of self-realization, freedom, independence, challenge. Large number of small and medium enterprises provide a huge range of products, and the customers or service users increased choice and lower prices. Considering that entrepreneurship represents the futurethis work is aimed to highlight the role the financial sector plays in its development. The authors suggest that the financial sector has very important role for the development of entrepreneurship, pointing to the different possibilities of cheaper funding development of guidelines for small and medium enterprises, but in other hand in some cases financial sector has negativ impact for growing through expensive sources of financing of development.

Business Incubators: A Review. Digest Number 97-4.

Science.gov (United States)

Schuyler, Gwyer

A business incubator is an organization of services designed to nurture new businesses. Services that can be offered include management assistance, access to financing, business or technical support services, and shared office services. In 1997, 550 incubators served more than 13,000 clients, affiliates, and graduates. More than 80 percent of the…

78 FR 39820 - Notice Seeking Exemption Under the Small Business Investment Act, Conflicts of Interest

Science.gov (United States)

2013-07-02

... Seeking Exemption Under the Small Business Investment Act, Conflicts of Interest Notice is hereby given... Section 107.730, Financings which Constitute Conflicts of Interest of the Small Business Administration...'s equity. Therefore this transaction is considered a financing constituting a conflict of interest...

Project financing renewable energy schemes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brandler, A.

1993-01-01

The viability of many Renewable Energy projects is critically dependent upon the ability of these projects to secure the necessary financing on acceptable terms. The principal objective of the study was to provide an overview to project developers of project financing techniques and the conditions under which project finance for Renewable Energy schemes could be raised, focussing on the potential sources of finance, the typical project financing structures that could be utilised for Renewable Energy schemes and the risk/return and security requirements of lenders, investors and other potential sources of financing. A second objective is to describe the appropriate strategy and tactics for developers to adopt in approaching the financing markets for such projects. (author)

FINANCIAL ASPECTS OF SUPPORTING SMEs WITH A FOCUS ON FAMILY BUSINESSES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vladimir CUCIREVII

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Currently, several branches in family businesses, according to the European model,were set up in the Republic of Moldova. Their status provides engagement of family members and persons employed under contract in the production process. All together, these family businesses face a number of problems in selling and financing production. This article highlights the economic importance of family businesses in Europe, their place in the economic system of the concerned countries. The most important problems arising in the action of these businesses are: family businesses capitalization, taxation of reinvested earnings, and financial support for business transfers, access to finance. Article content consists of European experience acquired from different sources of international editions, which we hope will be useful for the partial settlement of these problems.

78 FR 57444 - Eagle Fund III-A, L.P.; Notice Seeking Exemption Under the Small Business Investment Act...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-09-18

... the Small Business Investment Act of 1958, as amended (the ``Act''), in connection with the financing..., Financings which Constitute Conflicts of Interest, of the Small Business Administration (``SBA'') Rules and... SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION [License No. 07/07-0117] Eagle Fund III-A, L.P.; Notice Seeking...

MINOR INNOVATIVE ENTERPRISES AND METHODS OF THEIR FINANCING IN RUSSIA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. G. Komissarov

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Minor enterprises do not have resources sufficient for investment. Present experience of venture financing and attraction of funds from finance markets is poor in Russia. Main minor entrepreneurship financing sources are state allocations in the form of subsidies, subventionsand donations. This support promotes economics diversification and increases jobs. The state becomes client of innovations and provides for business environment favorable for minor entrepreneurship and for subsequent diffusion of innovations. One of most efficient innovationactivity stimulation methods (applied to minor enterprises as well is provision for tax privileges, favorable state bank credits and preferences to innovation activity supporting commercial banks.

Performance of Loan Repayment Determinants in Ethiopian Micro Finance - An Analysis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shaik Abdul Majeeb PASHA

2014-05-01

Full Text Available Micro finance involves the provision of micro-credit, savings, and other services to the poor that are excluded by the commercial banks for collateral and other reasons. Microfinance is relatively new to Ethiopia and came to existence during 1994-95. Out of which Sidama Micro Finance Institution (SMFI is one among 31Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs to serve needy people in Ethiopia. Based on this researchers’ intended to study major socio- economic factors and loan related factors that determines loan repayment performance of borrowers in SMFI. In fact, the identifying and analyzing such determining factors of loan repayment rate is vital in the achievement of profitability and sustainability of MFIs. In this connection, researchers’ collected data from primary and secondary resources and analyzed by using Binary logistic model is used. Through the study 14 determinants’ are selected for evaluation, out of which 9 variables are significant and remaining insignificant are found. Based on the analysis, researchers are recommended that proper training should be provided, reasonable amount of loan which should be useful to their business. Further, more age people and well business experience people can able to repay their loan amount` timely to micro finance institution.

National Security Technology Incubator Business Plan

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

None, None

2007-12-31

This document contains a business plan for the National Security Technology Incubator (NSTI), developed as part of the National Security Preparedness Project (NSPP) and performed under a Department of Energy (DOE)/National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) grant. This business plan describes key features of the NSTI, including the vision and mission, organizational structure and staffing, services, evaluation criteria, marketing strategies, client processes, a budget, incubator evaluation criteria, and a development schedule. The purpose of the NSPP is to promote national security technologies through business incubation, technology demonstration and validation, and workforce development. The NSTI will focus on serving businesses with national security technology applications by nurturing them through critical stages of early development. The vision of the NSTI is to be a successful incubator of technologies and private enterprise that assist the NNSA in meeting new challenges in national safety, security, and protection of the homeland. The NSTI is operated and managed by the Arrowhead Center, responsible for leading the economic development mission of New Mexico State University (NMSU). The Arrowhead Center will recruit business with applications for national security technologies recruited for the NSTI program. The Arrowhead Center and its strategic partners will provide business incubation services, including hands-on mentoring in general business matters, marketing, proposal writing, management, accounting, and finance. Additionally, networking opportunities and technology development assistance will be provided.

Complications in financing new nuclear power plants

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rubow, L.; Bataklieva, L.

2011-01-01

Historical Financing Approach; Recent Financing Complexities; Typical NPP Project Structure; Project Funding; Technical Developments; Financing Drivers; Conflicting Goals; Different Motivation/ Values: Public vs. Private and other financial aspects are discussed. Some suggestions for consideration are given, such as: Stronger involvement of Government. Stronger involvement of off takers as investors: – Large industrial entities – Utilities/ Distribution companies – Smaller, aggregated industrial entities. Return to corporate finance model (e.g. balance sheet based on existing operating assets), More creative BOO(T) structures, EPCM project execution structures; Better communication with outside stake holders, i.e., why nuclear is best option

The Analysis of Development in Lithuanian Economy and Business

OpenAIRE

Jakutis, Algirdas

2006-01-01

In this article development tendencies of Lithuanian economy and business are analyzed. The paper examines the most important causes of gross domestic product changes since restoration of Lithuania's independence. Processes of privatization, their influence on business are analyzed. A brief analysis of development trends of small and medium-sized business in presented. Business development process is analyzed, technological indicators suggested. The article considers business financing issues...

76 FR 59767 - Plexus Fund II, L.P.; Notice Seeking Exemption Under Section 312 of the Small Business Investment...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-09-27

..., Financings which Constitute Conflicts of Interest of the Small Business Administration (``SBA'') Rules and Regulations (13 CFR 107.730). Plexus II, L.P., proposes to provide debt security financing to Project Empire... the Small Business Investment Act of 1958, as amended (``the Act''), in connection with the financing...

Follow the money: There's no business like the ed. business...

Science.gov (United States)

Levine, Murray; Levine, Adeline G

2014-07-01

The debate about charter schools and public schools has been conducted on an ideological level. However, the ideological argument obscures the ongoing transfer of public funds to private use, the creation of business and investment opportunities, and the effects of the private enterprise model on education. In the current two-part article, the authors discuss charter schools and finances. Part 1 concerns charter schools and management organizations. Part 2 focuses on charter schools as business investments. Throughout, the authors link the information to effects on education.

SELF HELP GROUPS (SHGS): MICRO FINANCE IN INDIA

OpenAIRE

Shivam SAKSHI; Pető KÁROLY

2018-01-01

Micro finance in India has developed in decades from an idea to implementation to many success stories to an overall success. The early dawn of the idea of micro financing was to provide the capital to the population which was considered the bottom of socio economic pyramid so as to carry out the small household business and this idea has gradually grown up to become the way to help improve the socio standards of the poor people. India is the country of villages, more than 70% of the nation’s...

Ownership options, financing structures, and regulatory considerations affecting independent power production projects

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Knapp, G.M.

1990-01-01

In this paper is a framework for analysis of the legal, financing, and policy differences between independent power production projects (IPPs) and projects with qualifying facility status (QFs) under the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA). At a basic level, there is no fundamental difference in types of ownership and financing structures available to IPPs and QFS. The key consideration, though, is the regulatory and legal implications to project participants. Significant issues arise for equity participants, lenders, developers, and project operators that are considering IPP projects. Of course, many of these same issues apply to certain types of QF projects that are not fully exempt from the Public Utility Holding Company Act (PUHCA) and the Federal Power Act (FPA)

THE BUSINESS VALUE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luigi DUMITRESCU

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Almost every sales opportunity required us to get involved with ourcustomer`s finance department to develop a business case or costjustification. Business acumen (an understanding of how business works ismore than just knowing words and their definitions; it`s understanding thatpoor inventory control has a negative impact on order fill-rates. When orderfill-rates fall, customer loyalty suffers, as do accounts receivable. Whenaccounts receivable get out hand, cash flow is impacted. Then a companymight have to dip into lines of credit to cover short-term obligations, and theinterest that has to be paid on that borrowed money erodes profitability. Wecall this the “cause and effect of business”.

Topical Interface between Managerial Finance and Managerial Accounting.

Science.gov (United States)

Williams, Norman C.; Swanson, G. A.

1988-01-01

The authors present a method to examine the interfaces between business courses for redundancy. The method is demonstrated by examining the content in managerial finance and managerial accounting courses. A decision model application of analysis, expert judgment, and synthesis are incorporated in this method. (CH)

Financing, Overhead, and Profit: An In-Depth Discussion of Costs Associated with Third-Party Financing of Residential and Commercial Photovoltaic Systems

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Feldman, D.; Friedman, B.; Margolis, R.

2013-10-01

Previous work quantifying the non-hardware balance-of-system costs -- or soft costs -- associated with building a residential or commercial photovoltaic (PV) system has left a significant portion unsegmented in an 'other soft costs' category. This report attempts to better quantify the 'other soft costs' by focusing on the financing, overhead, and profit of residential and commercial PV installations for a specific business model. This report presents results from a bottom-up data-collection and analysis of the upfront costs associated with developing, constructing, and arranging third-party-financed residential and commercial PV systems. It quantifies the indirect corporate costs required to install distributed PV systems as well as the transactional costs associated with arranging third-party financing.

A Structural Reliability Business Process Modelling with System Dynamics Simulation

OpenAIRE

Lam, C. Y.; Chan, S. L.; Ip, W. H.

2010-01-01

Business activity flow analysis enables organizations to manage structured business processes, and can thus help them to improve performance. The six types of business activities identified here (i.e., SOA, SEA, MEA, SPA, MSA and FIA) are correlated and interact with one another, and the decisions from any business activity form feedback loops with previous and succeeding activities, thus allowing the business process to be modelled and simulated. For instance, for any company that is eager t...

Business cycle volatility, growth and financial openness: Does Islamic finance make any difference?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mustapha Djennas

2016-09-01

Overall, the results showed a relatively similar performance between economies where Islamic finance prevails, and other conventional economic systems. Moreover, when considering some specific components of the financial stress index, countries that adopt the principles of Islamic finance are strongly positioned to avoid various situations of crisis and economic downturns.

Experiences with micro finance in improving rural livelihoods: a case ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Mo

finance institutions (MFIs) and services are not a new phenomenon .... borrowers should manage risk effectively! .... credit Savings and Training” component was launched in each of ... profitability and pricing, constraints and risks in business.

Study on Mapping the Market Potential and Accelerating Finance for Women Entrepreneurs in Bangladesh

OpenAIRE

Singh, Sanjana; Asrani, Radhika; Ramaswamy, Anupama

2016-01-01

International Finance Corporation (IFC) conducted a survey to identify opportunities and provide recommendations for facilitating finance for women small and medium enterprise (SME) entrepreneurs. Various stakeholders were interviewed during the survey which included 500 women SME entrepreneurs, women centric business associations, relevant government organizations as well as other associa...

Internet Resources for Reference: Finance and Investment.

Science.gov (United States)

Mai, Brent Alan

1997-01-01

When called upon to aid in filtering through finance and investment information on the Internet, the business librarian is also faced with knowing what is available and how to find it. Web sites are identified that provide information about stocks and their exchanges, mutual funds, bonds, company annual reports, and taxes. (Author/AEF)

Project financing knits parts of costly LNG supply chain

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Minyard, R.J.; Strode, M.O.

1997-01-01

The supply and distribution infrastructure of an LNG project requires project sponsors and LNG buyers to make large, interdependent capital investments. For a grassroots project, substantial investments may be necessary for each link in the supply chain: field development; liquefaction plant and storage; ports and utilities; ships; receiving terminal and related facilities; and end-user facilities such as power stations or a gas distribution network. The huge sums required for these projects make their finance ability critical to implementation. Lenders have become increasingly comfortable with LNG as a business and now have achieved a better understanding of the risks associated with it. Raising debt financing for many future LNG projects, however, will present new and increasingly difficult challenges. The challenge of financing these projects will be formidable: political instability, economic uncertainty, and local currency volatility will have to be recognized and mitigated. Described here is the evolution of financing LNG projects, including the Rasgas LNG project financing which broke new ground in this area. The challenges that lie ahead for sponsors seeking to finance future projects selling LNG to emerging markets are also discussed. And the views of leading experts from the field of project finance, specifically solicited for this article, address major issues that must be resolved for successful financing of these projects

Analyzing the Structure of the International Business Curriculum in India

Science.gov (United States)

Srivastava, Deepak K.

2012-01-01

This article analyzes the structure of the international business curriculum through a questionnaire-based survey among current students and young managers who are studying or have studied international business courses in one of the top B-Schools of India. Respondents have the opinion that international business is more than internationalization…

Management and financing of e-Government projects in India: Does financing strategy add value?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shashank Ojha

2017-06-01

Full Text Available How do managers structure e-government projects and address challenges of risks, lack of technical expertise, and mitigation of strategic error for preventing loss of investments? Our aim was to compare the traditional finance approach and the strategy-driven, innovative financing approaches under the PPP model, to examine their managerial value-addition. We found that e-government projects require a carefully crafted structuring strategy and that innovative financing is more suitable in facilitating flexible decision making, building core capabilities, managing and sharing project risks, providing funds needed for growth and innovation, and customising tailor-made project governance strategy. Based on our findings, we develop five theoretical propositions.

Present and future of crowdfunding as source of entrepreneurial financing

OpenAIRE

Peñarroya Romero, Iván

2017-01-01

Treball Final de Grau en Finances i Comptabilitat. Codi: FC1049. Curs acadèmic: 2016/2017 New financing techniques have emerged due to the recently experienced deep crisis. In a changing technological environment any individual with an innovative business idea and an achievable entrepreneurial project can easily undertake it without resorting to traditional banking. As a result of the new Fintech technology, a word stemming from a contraction of the words “finance” and “technology”, it may...

13 CFR 124.509 - What are non-8(a) business activity targets?

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... non-8(a) business activity targets. These include requiring the Participant to obtain management..., business development, financing, marketing, accounting, or proposal preparation. (5) SBA may initiate... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false What are non-8(a) business...

Starting a business through a franchise

OpenAIRE

Dubravka Mahaček; Maja Martinko Lihtar

2013-01-01

A business can be launched by establishing a new entity, purchasing an existing entity or through a franc - hise. There are certain prerequisites for starting a business, the most important ones being a quality idea and start-up capital. Potential start-up difficulties are inadequate financing, existing competition as well as the process of building your own market position. By purchasing an existing business some risks may be avoided and the opportunity for gaining profit may ...

A Physicist in Business: Opportunities, Pitfalls, and Lifestyle.

Science.gov (United States)

Woollam, John

2007-03-01

A traditional education in physics does not normally include business classes or dealing with opportunities to start a company, yet scientists often now start and run small companies. Physicists are mainly interested in technology. However, other factors quickly dominate chances for business success. These include finance, accounting, cash flow analysis, recruiting, interviewing, personnel issues, marketing, investments, retirement plans, patents and other not always so fun activities. Technical decisions are often strongly influenced by company finances and market-analysis. This talk discusses how to recognize opportunity, how to minimize chances for failure, and lifestyle changes one needs to be aware of before entrepreneurship involvement.

76 FR 63151 - Small Business Jobs Act: 504 Loan Program Debt Refinancing

Science.gov (United States)

2011-10-12

... 2010, which authorizes projects approved for financing under Title V of the Small Business Investment...). See 76 FR 9213. This provision of the Jobs Act temporarily authorizes projects approved for financing... the Refinancing Project. Such financing will be available only if the amount of cash that will be...

Estonian Tax Structure

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Viktor Trasberg

2014-08-01

Full Text Available The paper analyses Estonian tax structure changes during the last decade and critically assesses the current situation. The country’s tax mix is rather unique among EU countries – it has one of the highest proportions of consumption taxes in total taxes and the lowest level of capital and profit taxes. Such an unbalanced tax structure creates risks for public finances, limits revenue collection and distorts the business environment.

31 CFR 19.325 - What happens if I do business with an excluded person in a covered transaction?

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What happens if I do business with an excluded person in a covered transaction? 19.325 Section 19.325 Money and Finance: Treasury Office of the... Participants Regarding Transactions Doing Business with Other Persons § 19.325 What happens if I do business...

Implications of e-commerce for banking and finance

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Heng, Michael S.H.

2001-01-01

The aim of the paper is to show that e-commerce holds the potential totransform banking and financial systems. There are three aspects in which e-commercecan affect banking and finance. First, banks and financial firms can use thetechnology and business practice of e-commerce to market their

Solar Photovoltaic Financing: Deployment by Federal Government Agencies

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cory, K.; Coggeshall, C.; Coughlin, J.; Kreycik, C.

2009-07-01

The goal of this report is to examine how federal agencies can finance on-site PV projects. It explains state-level cash incentives available, the importance of solar renewable energy certificate revenues (in certain markets), existing financing structures, as well as innovative financing structures being used by federal agencies to deploy on-site PV. Specific examples from the DOD, DOE, and other federal agencies are highlighted to explain federal project financing in detail.

Bank finance versus bond finance: what explains the differences between US and Europe?

OpenAIRE

De Fiore, Fiorella; Uhlig, Harald

2005-01-01

We present a dynamic general equilibrium model with agency costs, where heterogeneous firms choose among two alternative instruments of external finance - corporate bonds and bank loans. We characterize the financing choice of firms and the endogenous financial structure of the economy. The calibrated model is used to address questions such as: What explains differences in the financial structure of the US and the euro area? What are the implications of these differences for allocations? We f...

Financing options in Mexico`s energy industry

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

McKenna, J.J. [PricewaterhouseCoopers Securities, Houston, TX (United States)

1999-10-01

A series of brief notes accompanied this presentation which was divided into seven sections entitled: (1) capital markets update, (2) Mexican financial market update, (3) financing options in the energy industry, (4) the Venezuelan experience at La Apertura, (5) private and strategic equity alternatives, (6) Pricewaterhouse Coopers Securities, and (7) Mexico energy 2005 prediction. The paper focused on how the financial crisis and merger activity in Latin America will impact electricity reform in Mexico. It was noted that under Mexico`s Policy Proposal for Electricity Reform of the Mexican Electricity Industry, the financial community will seek to back companies in power generation, transportation and distribution. The difficulty of financing government businesses undergoing privatization was also discussed with particular emphasis on the challenge of accepting political and regulatory risks. The Latin private equity market and Canadian investment in Mexico was also reviewed. Since NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) went into affect in 1994, Canadian investment in Mexico has more than tripled. Canadian companies have invested more than C$1.7 billion in Mexico since NAFTA. Pricewaterhouse Coopers Securities is a global investment bank which sees large opportunities in the Mexican energy market. They predict that in five years, Mexico will experience a gradual liberalization of the oil and gas sector, and a full liberalization of the gas pipeline and distribution business and the power generation, transmission and distribution business. 3 figs.

13 CFR 107.825 - Purchasing securities from an underwriter or other third party.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... ADMINISTRATION SMALL BUSINESS INVESTMENT COMPANIES Financing of Small Businesses by Licensees Structuring Licensee's Financing of Eligible Small Businesses: Types of Financing § 107.825 Purchasing securities from... Financing of the Small Business under the Act; or (2) The securities are acquired to finance a change of...

Energy storage financing :

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Baxter, Richard

2016-08-01

Project financing is emerging as the linchpin for the future health, direction, and momentum of the energy storage industry. Market leaders have so far relied on selffunding or captive lending arrangements to fund projects. New lenders are proceeding hesitantly as they lack a full understanding of the technology, business, and credit risks involved in this rapidly changing market. The U.S. Department of Energy is poised to play a critical role in expanding access to capital by reducing the barriers to entry for new lenders, and providing trusted analytical benchmarks to better judge and price the risk in systematic ways.

An Alternative Model to Determine the Financing Structure of PPP-Based Young Graduate Apartments in China: A Case Study of Hangzhou

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yelin Xu

2015-05-01

Full Text Available Public-private partnerships (PPP can be employed to provide public rental housing for young graduates, which has been urgent to achieve social sustainability in China. However, few studies have been conducted to investigate the financing structure of PPPs, particularly the ratio of private investment, which is important in initiating a PPP project. This study develops a robust model to determine the financing structure through considering the uncertainties in operation. A case study in Hangzhou demonstrates the process of the model. The relevant findings provide private investors and the local government with effective references for negotiating the financing structure of a PPP project.

Financing the energy sector in developing countries: context and overview

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dunkerley, Joy.

1995-01-01

Traditional 'business as usual' financing methods will no longer be adequate to meet the unprecedented demands for capital to finance energy sector expansion in the developing countries. In recognition, many countries are opening up their power sectors to private investment, initially through the establishment of independent power projects, but in some cases through sector privatization. Project financing has many advantages, but further sectoral reorganization, including tariff reform, will be needed to attract resources on the scale required, especially from domestic investors. In oil and gas, in contrast to power, private capital from the international oil companies has always played a major role in the developing countries. However, sharply increasing investment requirements require a growing role for external finance. There should, in principle, be no shortage of investible funds to finance energy sector expansion in developing countries so long as host countries establish conditions which are attractive to private investors. The augmented role of private finance requires a continuing, if different, role for the public sector in both host countries and official aid agencies. (author)

The Impact of Micro-Finance on the Performance of Small-Scale ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

2014-10-02

Oct 2, 2014 ... Department of Planning and Management ... Keywords: Small-scale Enterprises, Micro-Financing, Micro-Credit, Sales Revenue, .... The Wa Municipality is often acclaimed as a private-sector business enclave in the Upper.

African Journal of Finance and Management - Vol 8, No 2 (2000)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

African Journal of Finance and Management - Vol 8, No 2 (2000) ... Effects of Mergers and Acquisitions to Shareholders' Wealth: Evidence from the United Kingdom. ... Matching Managerial Skills and Behaviour with Business Strategy - ...

Toward Effective Policies for Innovation Financing in Asia | CRDI ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

The question of how to support innovations and innovative businesses in the ... policies that promote the long-term viability and competitiveness of small and ... of innovation financing schemes in Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan and Thailand. ... tax incentives, loan and grant programs, capital market rules/regulations, etc.

13 CFR 107.880 - Assets acquired in liquidation of Portfolio securities.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... SMALL BUSINESS INVESTMENT COMPANIES Financing of Small Businesses by Licensees Structuring Licensee's Financing of An Eligible Small Business: Terms and Conditions of Financing § 107.880 Assets acquired in... Financing(s) to the Small Business must not exceed your overline limit under § 107.740; and (2) Your total...

Financing models for HTR plants: Co-financing, counter trade, joint ventures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bogen, J.; Stoelzl, D.

1987-01-01

Structure and volume of investment cost for HTR nuclear power plants are different in comparison to other types of nuclear power plants. Even if the share of local participation is in comparable order of magnitude to other nuclear power plants, the required technical infrastructure for HTR plants is more suitable for existing and still practised technologies in countries which are in development processes. These HTR specific features offer special possibilities in HTR project financing. Various models are discussed in respect of the special HTR situation. Even if it is not possible to point out in a general manner the best solution - due to national, local and time dependant situations - this paper discusses the HTR specific impacts to buyer's credit financing, supplier's credit financing, barter trades or joint ventures and combined financing. (author). 4 refs, 9 figs

Financing renewables - wind energy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Armstrong, J.

1998-01-01

This paper describes the status of the wind energy markets world-wide, in Europe and in the UK. It outlines the main methods of financing wind energy installations and discusses why different institutional structures have led to different markets in the UK and in Germany, with some concern about the state of the UK onshore industry. The paper looks ahead to the opening up of the potentially much larger offshore wind resource, concluding that in this area, existing UK development and financing structures are well suited. (Author)

Application of finance project for leverage of small size hydroelectric enterprising; Aplicacao do project finance para alavancagem de empreendimentos hidreletricos de pequeno porte

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Santos, Silvana dos

2003-07-01

In the same way that the majority of the countries, project financing of substructure in Brazil, in project finance modality, depend on a skillful structure of guaranties and contracts to become possible. In the case of projects of centrals of generation of electrical energy, that financial engineering becomes still more complicated. In Brazil, due to particularities of the sectors of electricity, the arrangements of guaranties requested but creditors pass to present levels of complexity and exigency well elevated. The contractual appliances that give support to the project finance, originally projected to developed countries, request an extreme adaptation to these particularities. The development of Brazil is directly related to its capacity in expanding the offer of electric energy in the just measure of the national necessity. In this context, the small central hydroelectric (PCH's) represent, actually, an efficient and fast form to complete the offer of energy in such a way to supply the crescent demand the national market. For its characteristics, that type of undertaking can be developed by small manager, from among which are the owners of the areas in which on can find these hydraulic potentials which, however they do not dispose of capital to integral raising. These undertakings are tasks, normally, of low global cost, at the rate of US$ 1.000,00/k W, and of a smaller ambient impact, compared to the return that they give to the enterprise and to the Brazilian electric system as a whole, by having to receive special attention in the planned politics to the sector and to merit a series of incentives to become business still more attractive. By thinking in the found difficulty by small enterprises in rising undertakings of generation of electric energy of small port through the convectional mechanisms of financing is being proposed in that work a well-founded methodology in the concepts of the modality of financing project finance. (author)

Application of finance project for leverage of small size hydroelectric enterprising; Aplicacao do project finance para alavancagem de empreendimentos hidreletricos de pequeno porte

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Santos, Silvana dos

2003-07-01

In the same way that the majority of the countries, project financing of substructure in Brazil, in project finance modality, depend on a skillful structure of guaranties and contracts to become possible. In the case of projects of centrals of generation of electrical energy, that financial engineering becomes still more complicated. In Brazil, due to particularities of the sectors of electricity, the arrangements of guaranties requested but creditors pass to present levels of complexity and exigency well elevated. The contractual appliances that give support to the project finance, originally projected to developed countries, request an extreme adaptation to these particularities. The development of Brazil is directly related to its capacity in expanding the offer of electric energy in the just measure of the national necessity. In this context, the small central hydroelectric (PCH's) represent, actually, an efficient and fast form to complete the offer of energy in such a way to supply the crescent demand the national market. For its characteristics, that type of undertaking can be developed by small manager, from among which are the owners of the areas in which on can find these hydraulic potentials which, however they do not dispose of capital to integral raising. These undertakings are tasks, normally, of low global cost, at the rate of US$ 1.000,00/k W, and of a smaller ambient impact, compared to the return that they give to the enterprise and to the Brazilian electric system as a whole, by having to receive special attention in the planned politics to the sector and to merit a series of incentives to become business still more attractive. By thinking in the found difficulty by small enterprises in rising undertakings of generation of electric energy of small port through the convectional mechanisms of financing is being proposed in that work a well-founded methodology in the concepts of the modality of financing project finance. (author)

Financing Renewable Energy Projects in Developing Countries: A Critical Review

Science.gov (United States)

Donastorg, A.; Renukappa, S.; Suresh, S.

2017-08-01

Access to clean and stable energy, meeting sustainable development goals, the fossil fuel dependency and depletion are some of the reasons that have impacted developing countries to transform the business as usual economy to a more sustainable economy. However, access and availability of finance is a major challenge for many developing countries. Financing renewable energy projects require access to significant resources, by multiple parties, at varying points in the project life cycles. This research aims to investigate sources and new trends in financing RE projects in developing countries. For this purpose, a detail and in-depth literature review have been conducted to explore the sources and trends of current RE financial investment and projects, to understand the gaps and limitations. This paper concludes that there are various internal and external sources of finance available for RE projects in developing countries.

Risks Analysis of Logistics Financial Business Based on Evidential Bayesian Network

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ying Yan

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Risks in logistics financial business are identified and classified. Making the failure of the business as the root node, a Bayesian network is constructed to measure the risk levels in the business. Three importance indexes are calculated to find the most important risks in the business. And more, considering the epistemic uncertainties in the risks, evidence theory associate with Bayesian network is used as an evidential network in the risk analysis of logistics finance. To find how much uncertainty in root node is produced by each risk, a new index, epistemic importance, is defined. Numerical examples show that the proposed methods could provide a lot of useful information. With the information, effective approaches could be found to control and avoid these sensitive risks, thus keep logistics financial business working more reliable. The proposed method also gives a quantitative measure of risk levels in logistics financial business, which provides guidance for the selection of financing solutions.

Establishing an ethanol production business

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1993-01-01

Many Saskatchewan communities are interested in the potential benefits of establishing an ethanol production facility. A guide is presented to outline areas that communities should consider when contemplating the development of an ethanol production facility. Political issues affecting the ethanol industry are discussed including environmental impacts, United States legislation, Canadian legislation, and government incentives. Key success factors in starting a business, project management, marketing, financing, production, physical requirements, and licensing and regulation are considered. Factors which must be taken into consideration by the project manager and team include markets for ethanol and co-products, competent business management staff, equity partners for financing, production and co-product utilization technologies, integration with another facility such as a feedlot or gluten plant, use of outside consultants, and feedstock, water, energy, labour, environmental and site size requirements. 2 figs., 2 tabs

Post-Commencement Finance - Domiciled Resident or Uneasy Foreign Transplant?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Helena Stoop

2017-03-01

Full Text Available The 2008 Companies Act 71 of 2008 introduced a new business rescue regime into South African company law, bringing it into line with trends in developed countries, particularly the United States. Indeed, it appears that the United States Chapter 11 model was followed in this process, introducing the business rescue concept as a legal transplant. Corporate law is well suited to legislative borrowing, but there are important caveats to bear in mind when doing so. In particular: the context and legal culture of the country of origin may differ from those of the destination country. South Africa's commercial environment is different from that of the United States, problematising a transplant of Chapter 11's concepts. Post-commencement finance will be used as a micro-study of this broader phenomenon, and this topic will be investigated with comparative reference to the position in the United States. It will be argued that an essential difference between the two procedures is the lack of legislatively mandated court oversight in South Africa. This impacts on the interests of creditors, as well as on the availability of fresh finance. This results in problems in the implementation of the post-commencement finance provisions, which threaten the viability of this particular legal transplant.

Matching Managerial Skills and Behaviour with Business Strategy ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

... number of authors. The paper then concludes that matching a manager to a business strategy needs learning. However managerial characteristics are difficult to change as business change. At best the matching concepts suits manual and technical jobs. African Journal of Finance and Management Vol.8(2) 2000: 32-36 ...

Academic Discipline and Personal Finance Instruction in High School

Science.gov (United States)

Loibl, Cäzilia; Fisher, Patti J.

2013-01-01

Despite public support for personal finance instruction in high school, its effectiveness has not been firmly established. The current study investigates instructional approaches as a reason for these inconsistent outcomes by comparing survey responses of business education, family and consumer sciences, and social studies/economics teachers. The…

企业融资与资本结构特征分析%Analysis of Corporate Finance and Capital Structure

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

张琴; 吕变喜

2011-01-01

Corporate finance and capital construction are inseparable, one of the capital structure is the best way to finance the package and financing affect the order of the most important factor. The capital structure in theory there is the best combination. In this paper, China＇s tourism study listed companies, through the financing of the 2004-2008 data and found that its unique characteristics of financing and capital structure, characterized by the existence of reason, and then optimize the financing of tourism enterprises put forward reasonable proposals.%企业融资与资本结构的关系十分密切，一方面资本结构是决定最佳融资组合方式和融资次序的重要影响因素之一；另一方面资本结构在理论上存在最优组合。本文以中国旅游类上市公司为研究对象，通过对2004—2008年的融资数据研究，发现其特有的融资与资本结构特征，分析其特征存在原因，进而为优化旅游企业融资提出合理化建议。

Financing renewable energies through MicroCredit

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wimmer, N. [Terra One World Network, Vaterstetten (Germany)

1999-07-01

The environment, which led to the creation of the Grameen Bank was: no access to credit for the poor in rural Bangladesh. The environment, which led to the creation of Grameen Shakti was: no access to electricity and renewable energies. Through the experience of Grameen, we see the poor differently: they are good business partners, open to modern technology, they can and must be integrated into the economy. Microcredit not only creates purchasing. Power, but acceptance of new ideas and technologies. Microcredit is a catalyst for change. Our challenge is to create an environment which allows change to take place. To create an environment which finances sustainable development. Sustainable development is everybody's business. (orig./RHM)

Financing renewable energies through MicroCredit

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wimmer, N.

1999-01-01

The environment, which led to the creation of the Grameen Bank was: no access to credit for the poor in rural Bangladesh. The environment, which led to the creation of Grameen Shakti was: no access to electricity and renewable energies. Through the experience of Grameen, we see the poor differently: they are good business partners, open to modern technology, they can and must be integrated into the economy. Microcredit not only creates purchasing. Power, but acceptance of new ideas and technologies. Microcredit is a catalyst for change. Our challenge is to create an environment which allows change to take place. To create an environment which finances sustainable development. Sustainable development is everybody's business. (orig./RHM)

Financing of Women-Owned Ventures: The Impact of Gender and Other Owner- and Firm-Related Variables

OpenAIRE

Constantinidis, Christina; Cornet, Annie; Asandei, Simona

2006-01-01

While women-owned ventures represent an increasing proportion of new businesses in most western countries, most of them have particular financing patterns and encounter barriers in their access to financing. Recent research on the question argues that barriers to financing are mainly dependent on factors other than gender, such as owner- and firm-related characteristics. This quantitative and qualitative study, through descriptive statistics and interview analysis, examines the relationship b...

Conference on Islamic Accounting and Finance

OpenAIRE

AYAYDIN, Hasan

2016-01-01

Abstract. Hasan Kalyoncu Univeristy organized first of its conference series as “Conference on Islamic Accounting and Finance” themed on October 27-28, 2016 in Gaziantep, Turkey. Conference on Islamic Accounting and Finance aims to establish an academic forum for scholars, researchers and practitioners to exchange their ideas about aspects of Islamic accounting, auditing, business ethics and financial reporting. Submitted papers as well as presentations and discussions at the conference were ...

A business model for managing system change through strategic financing and performance indicators: a case study.

Science.gov (United States)

Armstrong, Mary I; Milch, Heidi; Curtis, Peter; Endress, Phillip

2012-06-01

This article describes how a system of care operated by a county government agency used a fiscal crisis as the opportunity to reform its children's system. A cross-system response to the crisis is outlined that includes a system of care framework coupled with a business model, inter-departmental collaboration and leadership, the use of strategic reinvestment strategies, and a quality improvement system that focuses on key indicators. Implementation of the system change is described with a specific focus on cross-system entry points, financing strategies that re-allocate funds from deep-end programs to community-based services, and management oversight through the use of performance indicators to monitor and support effectiveness. This article examines the results of the system change, including the diversion of youth from system penetration, the reduction in residential treatment bed days, the re-allocation of these savings to community-based services, and the outcomes of children who were diverted from residential care and served in the community. The article offers a number of recommendations for other communities contemplating system change.

The Use of Financial Literacy for Growing Personal Finance

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ardi Gunardi

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Financial literacy played an important role for everyone in managing personal finances.This research aimed to determine how the level of financial literacy in students S1 Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Pasundan and investigate what factors are influencing it. The observed respondents were students from the Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Pasundan. The research data was collected through questionnaires,descriptive analysis, and test multinominal logit. Based on the results of the research showed that the level of financial literacy from undergraduate students Universitas Pasundan was in the low category. Financial literacy was determined by gender, Greater Academic Achievement (GPA, parental education level, and parental income level;,whereas for age, year of study and residence do not contribute to the research model. The results of this study were expected to support personal financial planning of students in improving the skills of reading, analyzing, and managing their own finances, thus avoiding the daily financial problems.

Factors Affecting the Financing of Profitability Using Non Performing Financing as Moderating Variable in Sharia Business Unit of Bank Sumut (Bank of North Sumatera in North Sumatera

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rahmad Hidayat

2018-03-01

Full Text Available Shariah financing has also various kinds of agreement. Its fund has be distributed to low risky sector in order to produce the optimal income in the preparation of Bank Sumut UUS for spin off in 2018. The objective of the research was to analyze the influence of Third Party Fund and CAR on Financing and the influence of Third Party Fund, CAR and ROA as well as to test the significance of Non Performing Financing as the moderating varable on ROA. The sample of the research included 5 (five Branch Offices on Bank Sumut UUS by taking the annual final statements from 2010 until 2015. The instruments used were regression method of panel data, regression method of moderating and path analysis using EViews software. The Third Party Fund did not have any significant influence on ROA with financing as the intervening variable, and neither did CAR on ROA with financing as the moderating variable, had insignificant influence on ROA statistically. Moreover, the Third Party Fund, CAR and Financing had insignificant influence statistically at significant level 5% on ROA with Non Performing Financing as the moderating variable. The implication of this research was that Bank Sumut UUS had to pay attention to the financing risk to make optimal profit s well as micro an macro economic factors for financing provided for productivity an consumer.

Advanced business analytics

CERN Document Server

Lev, Benjamin

2015-01-01

The book describes advanced business analytics and shows how to apply them to many different professional areas of engineering and management. Each chapter of the book is contributed by a different author and covers a different area of business analytics. The book connects the analytic principles with business practice and provides an interface between the main disciplines of engineering/technology and the organizational, administrative and planning abilities of management. It also refers to other disciplines such as economy, finance, marketing, behavioral economics and risk analysis. This book is of special interest to engineers, economists and researchers who are developing new advances in engineering management but also to practitioners working on this subject.

Business plan: LevelUp

OpenAIRE

Zhak, Viktor; Sokolov, Ilya

2013-01-01

The following thesis was created to enable the writers to produce a business plan for LevelUp Company, gaming café that is going to operate in the center of Helsinki and provide customers playing hours on PC, PS4 and X-box One. The entire business plan describes all aspects concerning marketing analysis, financial data and basic information on the gaming café as location, number of staff, prices open hours etc. The theoretical framework was based on the most reliable marketing and finance...

WHAT DRIVES HIGH COST OF FINANCE IN MOLDOVA?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alexandru Stratan

2012-03-01

Full Text Available Why there are high costs to finance in Republic of Moldova? Is it a problem for business environment?These are the questions discussed in this paper. Following the well know Growth Diagnostics approach byHausmann, Rodrik and Velasco, authors assess the barriers and impediments to access to finance in Republic ofMoldova. Guided by international and national statistics we found evidence of poor intermediation, poorinstitutions, high level of inflation, and high collateral as major causes of high cost of financial resources inRepublic of Moldova. At the end of the study authors give policy recommendations identifying other related fieldsto be addressed.

12 CFR 980.2 - Limitation on Bank authority to undertake new business activities.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... business activities. 980.2 Section 980.2 Banks and Banking FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE BOARD NEW FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK ACTIVITIES NEW BUSINESS ACTIVITIES § 980.2 Limitation on Bank authority to undertake new business activities. No Bank shall undertake any new business activity except in accordance with the...

Ubiquitous Quantum Structure From Psychology to Finance

CERN Document Server

Khrennikov, Andrei Y

2010-01-01

Quantum-like structure is present practically everywhere. Quantum-like (QL) models, i.e. models based on the mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics and its generalizations can be successfully applied to cognitive science, psychology, genetics, economics, finances, and game theory. This book is not about quantum mechanics as a physical theory. The short review of quantum postulates is therefore mainly of historical value: quantum mechanics is just the first example of the successful application of non-Kolmogorov probabilities, the first step towards a contextual probabilistic description of natural, biological, psychological, social, economical or financial phenomena. A general contextual probabilistic model (Växjö model) is presented. It can be used for describing probabilities in both quantum and classical (statistical) mechanics as well as in the above mentioned phenomena. This model can be represented in a quantum-like way, namely, in complex and more general Hilbert spaces. In this way quantum prob...

Banking on Solar: Debt Finance in Today's Distributed Market (Poster)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Louder, T.

2014-10-01

Over the last two years, several entities - from banks to credit unions to solar finance companies -have rolled out distributed solar-specific loan programs in the United States. These solar-specific loans are a distinct loan in that the underwriting, loan terms, lender security interest, and other programmatic aspects are designed exclusively for the financing of solar installations. Until recently, loan financing for distributed solar installations was largely through home equity loans, commercial loans, and other standardized loan products available to homeowners and businesses for general expenditures. However, as the U.S. solar market matures, so too are its financing options, and solar-specific loans stand to gain market share. This poster was presented at the Solar Power International conference in Las Vegas, NV in October 2014.

SELF HELP GROUPS (SHGS: MICRO FINANCE IN INDIA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shivam SAKSHI

2018-05-01

Full Text Available Micro finance in India has developed in decades from an idea to implementation to many success stories to an overall success. The early dawn of the idea of micro financing was to provide the capital to the population which was considered the bottom of socio economic pyramid so as to carry out the small household business and this idea has gradually grown up to become the way to help improve the socio standards of the poor people. India is the country of villages, more than 70% of the nation’s population resides in the rural areas of the country and 60% of this rural population depends on agriculture for living. In such situation the micro financing can play a vital role in making the rural people’s life easy. In a developing country like India with a lot of people residing in rural areas, micro finance is undoubtedly the best implementation. Self Help Groups of India has emerged as the world’s largest and most successful network of Community Based Organisations. The main goal of an SHG is to elevate the living conditions of the rural poor with a maximum emphasize on women. The present paper’s objective is to explain the situation of micro finance in India and to explain the main channel of micro finance in India which is SHGs and the details of the SHGs.

Organizational structuring and strategic business units in function of an effective management

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kovač Aleksandar

2012-01-01

Full Text Available In modern business conditions, in the conditions of extremely fast market changes which affect the way and the organization of a company's business, it is necessary to set up such an organizational structure which will provide the necessary flexibility and the base for further growth and development of the company. Each wrong business decision results in a waste of time, money and energy. In order to minimize mistakes as much as possible it is necessary to have a quality system of accounting information which is essential for making business decisions. In that sense, in order to provide quality accounting information and to enable the monitoring of the performances of particular parts of the company by the central management, forming and organizational structuring of the strategic business units is an effective way to answer the challenges of the business environment. Recently, a certain tendency of changes in the field of organizational structuring is noticeable, or, more precisely, of organizational restructuring of the business systems in closer and wider environment with a goal of delegating authorities and responsibilities to the organizational divisions. Profit centre, as an organizational part of a company which does not have a legal status, is of an exceptional importance.

Supply chain finance and its accounting treatment : reclassification of trade payables and it's implications for the professional field

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bauke Feenstra; Anne Rikst Engbers; Michiel Steeman

2017-01-01

In the modern Supply Chain Finance landscape, Reverse Factoring is one of the most consolidated business model for working capital financing. However, accounting treatment of Reverse Factoring might affect the balance sheet of large corporate, with disruptive consequences for the programme as a

Growth of Non-bank Trade Finance

OpenAIRE

Satinder Bhatia

2017-01-01

The rise of non-bank trade finance has been especially noticeable in the last decade. Many commodity and e-commerce companies are rapidly entering this arena as sovereign guarantees and collaterals take a backseat making it harder for banks to apply traditional models while lending to businesses. Non-banks which are more nimble occupy space vacated by banks. Increasingly, though, banks have begun to collaborate with non-banks, particularly fintech companies for rapid processi...

Financing renewable energies. Windows for new opportunities

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pontenagel, I.

1999-01-01

Renewable Energies are recognized as indispensable for a sustainable energy economy. Their progressive market introduction, however, depend very much on their economic competitiveness. A wide range of Renewable Energies are already cost competitive today. But still a shortage of information as well as mental and structural barriers are hindering their rapid market penetration. This volume publishes the results of two conferences, held by EUROSOLAR and dealing with the problems of Financing Renewable Energies. In five chapters - Banking Concepts for Financing Renewable Energies - Public Frameworks for Renewable Energy Market Introduction - Financing Renewable Energies in Developing Countries - Green Power - Market Structures and Players - Renewable Energy Financing Applications a variety of new concepts and fresh ideas are presented. (orig.)

13 CFR 108.710 - Requirement to finance Low-Income Enterprises.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... VENTURE CAPITAL (âNMVCâ) PROGRAM Financing of Small Businesses by NMVC Companies Determining the... of your Portfolio Concerns must be Low-Income Enterprises in which you have an Equity Capital... total dollars) in Equity Capital Investments in Low-Income Enterprises. (b) Non-compliance with this...

13 CFR 108.730 - Financings which constitute conflicts of interest.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... any understanding, agreement, or cross dealing, reciprocal or circular arrangement). (3) Borrow money... NEW MARKETS VENTURE CAPITAL (âNMVCâ) PROGRAM Financing of Small Businesses by NMVC Companies... Associates must not, directly or indirectly: (1) Borrow money from any Person described in paragraph (a)(3...

Heavy Reliance on the Indirect Financing as Sources of Funds for Business Firms in Japan: As a Comparison for Indonesian Financial Crisis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yulius Yulius

2001-09-01

Full Text Available The purpose of this article is to study the implication of financial liberalization to the heavy reliance of firms to the indirect finance in Japanese experience. In order to analyze the goal of this article, we start to examine the causes of the main bank system in Japan before and the pre-war period. Then, this article discusses the impacts of financial liberalization to the to the heavy reliance on the indirect-financing for business firms in the light with Japan’s financial market, particularly the main bank system. Finally, this article also discusses the implication of loose relationship of big firms and major banks (main bank system to the recent financial condition in starting from the early of 1990s until now. This article discovered that financial liberalization, which started at the latter half of 1970s, has shaken the foundation of the main bank system. The major firms started to less dependent on the major banks and they issued the securities in domestic and international market. As a consequence, the SMBS still depend on the banks as their source of indirect financing. However, the competitiveness in the SMBS market turned to erode the bank profits that induced them to enter the risk activities, such as real estate. In addition, the bubble burst economy also triggered the boom in real estate. Naturally, as a nature of risk asset, loan to the real estate became the potential of bad loans that also was exacerbated the bubble burst in economy. Then, the financial crisis has revealed in 1990s.

Behavioral finance: Finance with normal people

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Meir Statman

2014-06-01

Behavioral finance substitutes normal people for the rational people in standard finance. It substitutes behavioral portfolio theory for mean-variance portfolio theory, and behavioral asset pricing model for the CAPM and other models where expected returns are determined only by risk. Behavioral finance also distinguishes rational markets from hard-to-beat markets in the discussion of efficient markets, a distinction that is often blurred in standard finance, and it examines why so many investors believe that it is easy to beat the market. Moreover, behavioral finance expands the domain of finance beyond portfolios, asset pricing, and market efficiency and is set to continue that expansion while adhering to the scientific rigor introduced by standard finance.

Renewable energy finance and project ownership. The impact of alternative development structures on the cost of wind power

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wiser, R.H.

1997-01-01

This paper uses traditional financial cash flow techniques to examine the impact of different ownership and financing structures on the cost of renewable energy, specifically wind power. Most large, non-hydroelectric, renewable energy projects are developed, owned and financed by private non-utility generators. Recently, however, US utilities have begun to consider owning and financing their own wind power facilities rather than purchasing power from independent renewable energy suppliers. Utilities in other countries have also expressed interest in direct renewable energy investments. A primary justification for utility ownership of wind turbine power plants is that utility self-financing and ownership is cheaper than purchasing wind energy from non-utility renewable energy suppliers. The results presented in this paper support that justification, although some of the estimated cost savings associated with utility ownership are a result of suboptimal utility analysis procedures and implicit risk shifting. Financing terms and variables are shown to significantly impact wind power costs. (author)

Innovations in Wind and Solar PV Financing

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cory, K.; Coughlin, J.; Jenkin, T.; Pater, J.; Swezey, B.

2008-02-01

There is growing national interest in renewable energy development based on the economic, environmental, and security benefits that these resources provide. Historically, greater development of our domestic renewable energy resources has faced a number of hurdles, primarily related to cost, regulation, and financing. With the recent sustained increase in the costs and associated volatility of fossil fuels, the economics of renewable energy technologies have become increasingly attractive to investors, both large and small. As a result, new entrants are investing in renewable energy and new business models are emerging. This study surveys some of the current issues related to wind and solar photovoltaic (PV) energy project financing in the electric power industry, and identifies both barriers to and opportunities for increased investment.

Does Foreign Direct Investment Provide Desirable Development Finance? The Case of China

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

Yan Liang

2007-01-01

Foreign direct investment (FDI) is often considered as a cost-effective and risk-reducing source for development finance. This paper, however, shows that FDI finance often entails underestimated risks and costs. FDI might react sensitively to business cycles and might not be as "permanent" as conventionally believed. FDI might also accelerate other forms of capital flow in times of financial difficulties and, hence, destabilize financial order. In addition to the risks, compensations to FDI and the high import-dependency of FDI-related trade lead to a considerable drain on the balance of payments. Moreover, the reliance on foreign capital for development finance is equivalent to building a Ponzi financing scheme and,therefore, is unsustainable. Given the fact that FDI financing is risky and costly and China does not lack savings, it is suggested in the present paper that China's efforts in attracting FDI should not aim at external capital provisioning.

7 CFR 4290.835 - Exceptions to minimum term of Financing.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Exceptions to minimum term of Financing. 4290.835... (âRBICâ) PROGRAM Financing of Enterprises by RBICs Structuring Rbic Financing of Eligible Enterprises-Types of Financings § 4290.835 Exceptions to minimum term of Financing. You may make a Financing with a...

Substantiating the Conceptual Model of Branding of the Integrated Business Structures

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nifatova Olena M.

2017-11-01

Full Text Available The article is aimed at researching the theoretical foundations of the concept of branding and forming a conceptual model of branding of the integrated business structures. The concept of branding of IBS is systematized and synthesized by three directions: overview of theories of management of integrated business structures, based on the principle of economic integration; overview of the brand management models based on the principle of brand-oriented management; overview of management approaches, the essence of which is synthesized in the aspect of application to the management of brands of the integrated business structures. Special attention is paid to the factors influencing the efficiency of the process of integration of business structures. Further development of modelling the process of integration branding in the IBS system is of great importance, as the brands of two unifying companies usually have their own identities, unique features within the terms of formation of the brand’s style and philosophy. In such a fundamental issue it is necessary to define the strategy of brand integration, i.e. whether it will be a single brand, a joint brand, a flexible brand or a completely new one.

Benefits of Collaborative Finance Research in Business Schools

Science.gov (United States)

Kao, Robert

2012-01-01

Collaboration in business research provides outcomes and results that are more efficient than those due to individual efforts. The integration of diverse environments and disciplines often generates creative ideas. Collaboration increases the quality of research and effectiveness of discoveries, and promotes the dissemination of knowledge. Cases…

Links Between Net Present Value and Shareholder Value from a Business Economics Perspective

OpenAIRE

Mária Illés

2012-01-01

One of the oft-quoted theorems of finance is that decision making based on net present value will lead to the maximisation of shareholder value. The study analyses the reality background of this theorem within the disciplinary borders of business economics. Since finance is based directly on the bases of microeconomics, the study touches upon the presentation of the different disciplinary frames of business economics and microeconomics. The paper demonstrates that the economic content of shar...

A Business Plan for Anhui Xiongfeng Protection Facilities Co.,Ltd.

OpenAIRE

Bi, Taimiao

2015-01-01

Abstract The success of a business relies on a lot of factors such as the business nature, market change, place, financing ability and the business plan. There are both opportunities and risks in current complex business environment. Faced with the huge market demand, the enterprise has to have a good plan to set up objectives and to arrange its activities. A good business plan is a good roadmap and it can provide solutions in advance by analysing internal and external environment. ...

Computing for Finance

CERN Multimedia

CERN. Geneva

2007-01-01

The finance sector is one of the driving forces for the use of distributed or Grid computing for business purposes. The speakers will review the state-of-the-art of high performance computing in the financial sector, and provide insight into how different types of Grid computing – from local clusters to global networks - are being applied to financial applications. They will also describe the use of software and techniques from physics, such as Monte Carlo simulations, in the financial world. There will be four talks of 20min each. The talk abstracts and speaker bios are listed below. This will be followed by a Q&A panel session with the speakers. From 19:00 onwards there will be a networking cocktail for audience and speakers. This is an EGEE / CERN openlab event organized in collaboration with the regional business network rezonance.ch. A webcast of the event will be made available for subsequent viewing, along with powerpoint material presented by the speakers. Attendance is free and open to all. R...

PUBLIC FINANCE SUSTAINABILITY IN ROMANIA. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mura Petru-Ovidiu

2015-07-01

Full Text Available The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the sustainability of public finance in Romania and to explore the fiscal threats Romania might face in the future. A sound fiscal policy implies avoiding excessive liabilities of the government, but at the same time delivering the proper public goods and services, including the necessary safety net in times of crisis. An unsustainable fiscal position negatively impacts on macroeconomic stability; moreover, if public finances are perceived to be unsustainable in the long run, the reaction of the international financial markets could generate a fiscal crisis, which might surprise the fiscal planners. The main findings of the paper are the following: i according to the multidimensional approach of the European Commission, in the short run, it seems that Romania is free from fiscal stress, there is a low risk in the medium term, and in the long run the risk becomes medium; ii a potential medium-term fiscal sustainability risk derives from the accumulation of losses and arrears in the business and companies sectors in which the state is a majority shareholder; iii Romania records one of the lowest budget revenues to GDP ratios in EU, while the Romanian tax system is characterized by a poor tax collection, inefficient administration and excessive bureaucracy; iv the structure of public spending in Romania is characterized by the predominance of wage spending and social assistance, while the poor state of the public pension system is an important vulnerability of the public finance position; v overall, the degree of tax compliance in Romania was only 55.8% in 2013, and according to the calculations made by the Fiscal Council, tax evasion represented 16.2% of GDP in 2013. All these aspects make up a grim picture of sustainability of public finances, which has to be considered by the public decision makers regarding future fiscal policy actions.

Planning for the succession process among Galician family businesses. Brief comparison with Portuguese family businesses

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Susana Barbeito Roibal

2006-09-01

Full Text Available A research project on Galician family owned businesses, financed by the University of A Coruña from 2004 to 2005, analyzed results from 57 of these companies that earned a profit of more than 5 million euro in 2003. One of the aspects examined in this project, which is the aim of this article, shows the importance that Galician family business owners pay to the planning for the succession process. Literature on family owned businesses emphasizes the importance of planning in successful occurrences. The obtained results increasingly show changes in the significance that the Galician family business owners give to our focus of study, almost reaching the level of importance that literature has given to the succession process in the last decade.

A Career Story Approach to Management, Business, and Financial Occupations

Science.gov (United States)

Brott, Pamelia E.

2012-01-01

Business, management, and financial occupations are found in organizations in which individuals direct activities and perform tasks related to business and finance. The career cluster includes 144 occupational titles across 57% of the 23 major Standard Occupational Classification groups, with almost half of the occupations considered "bright…

Information,Informal finance,and SME financing

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

LIN Justin Yifu; SUN Xifang

2006-01-01

Informal finance exists extensively and has been playing an important role in small-and medium-sized enterprise (SME) financing in developing economies,This paper tries to rationalize the extensiveness of informal finance.SME financing suffers more serious information asymmetry to the extent that most SMEs are more opaque and can only provide less collateral.Informal lenders have an advantage over formal financial institutions in collecting "soft information" about SME borrowers.This paper establishes a model including formal and informal lenders and high-and low-risk borrowers with or without sufficient collateral and shows that the credit market in which informal finance is eliminated will allocate funds in some inefficient way,and the efficiency of allocating credit funds can be improved once informal finance is allowed to coexist with formal finance.

Exploration of digital entrepreneurship – online home based businesses through empirical analysis

OpenAIRE

Anwar, Naveed

2015-01-01

Digital entrepreneurship is a broad domain and includes businesses predominantly operating online, such as online retailers, portals, community sites and also businesses providing services to enable other businesses to operate online, such as web designers, platform providers and operators. This research focused online home based businesses on any stage of business development, for example start-up or grown, and focus on any aspect, such as raising finance, establishing networks or developing...

Business case for smart homes

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Franck, E.; Nauta, J.; Haan, R. de

2016-01-01

The application of home automation in “smart homes” has been successful from a technological point of view. In practice, however, few projects seem able to survive after the initial financing period has ended, failing to establish a positive business case. This chapter addresses why the positive

Facilitating major additions to gas pipeline capacity: innovative approaches to financing, contracting, and regulation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schlesinger, B.; George, R.

1997-01-01

The North American gas pipeline industry is in the process of changing from a highly regulated merchant business to a less-regulated, more competitive, transportation industry. This has changed the risk profiles of many companies. This study examined various innovative approaches to successfully financing major pipeline projects emphasizing pipeline capacity financing, contractual terms between shippers and pipelines, and regulatory developments. Besides suggesting options to enhance prospects for financing major pipeline expansion projects, the study also aimed at creating a better understanding of the regulatory market and commercial changes in the pipeline industry and their financing implications. The study also includes a review of the evolution in gas markets and a record of consultations with lenders, producers, marketers and users. Innovative financing, contracting and regulatory solutions are identified and assessed. 25 refs., 17 tabs., 16 figs

Project finance and photovoltaic power plants : a theoretical and practical perspective

OpenAIRE

Aasgaard, Anne Kristine

2010-01-01

Project finance is a defined structure for developing new activity which involves establishing the project as a separate unit. The review of literature exhibits the distinctive characteristics of project finance and provides a rationale of this form of financing. Project finance entails financial modelling, risk management, legal aspects and the creation of a financial structure. The thesis explores practical use of project finance in a case study of a photovoltaic power plant and presents a ...

Ethiopian Journal of Business and Economics (The): Submissions

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Contributions to EJBE from academics and practitioners in the fields of Accounting and Finance, Economics, Business Management and Public ... During submission corresponding authors should include their full contact address.

To Own or Lease Solar: Understanding Commercial Retailers' Decisions to Use Alternative Financing Models

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Feldman, David [National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Margolis, Robert [National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

2014-12-01

This report examines the tradeoffs among financing methods for businesses installing onsite photovoltaics (PV). We present case studies of PV financing strategies used by two large commercial retailers that have deployed substantial U.S. PV capacity: IKEA, which owns its PV, and Staples, which purchases power generated from onsite PV systems through power purchase agreements (PPAs). We also analyze the financial considerations that influence any company's choice of PV financing strategy. Our goal in this report is to clarify the financial and institutional costs and benefits of financing strategies and to inform other companies that are considering launching or expanding similar PV programs.

Financing off-grid sustainable energy access for the poor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Glemarec, Yannick

2012-01-01

This paper examines the role of public instruments in promoting private finance to achieve off-grid sustainable energy access. Renewable energy technologies are increasingly becoming the cheapest solutions for off-grid energy access. The dramatic uptake of mobile phones in developing countries shows how quickly decentralized services can develop on a commercial basis under the right conditions, and raises the prospect that private finance could also drive decentralized energy access for the poor. Indeed, there are already a number of instances of clean energy solutions – such as solar portable lights, household biogas units or solar home systems – that have managed to scale-up through leveraging private finance. However, the experience gained from first-generation market development projects show that, in almost all cases, significant public resources have been necessary to increase the affordability of clean energy technologies, provide access to financing for the poor, and remove non-economic barriers. Such public interventions may be funded by international public finance, domestic budgets and carbon finance. Despite mounting fiscal constraints facing governments worldwide, the emergence of new sources of climate finance and the political momentum in support of energy subsidy reforms, as well as new programming modalities, offer opportunities to leverage additional resources to achieve universal energy access by 2030. - Highlights: ► Renewable energy is increasingly the cheapest solution for off-grid energy access. ► Universal access to energy now depends less on technology and more business models. ► Substantial public finance will still be required to support universal energy access.

Determinants of Funds Demand and Supply; Deepening Finance Access of Real Estate Investment in China

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lkhagvasuren Togtokhbuyan

2012-11-01

Full Text Available This huge gap between financing needs and the available financing capacity represents major constraints to growth opportunities in business financing, and accords with one of requirements strategy of stimulating real sector financing by mobilizing cheap long term saving. Real estate investment is a capital intensive venture and this implies that firms venturing into this sector need to have a strong capital structure to sustain development. There is high competition amongst the real developers in quest for funds from formal and informal sources to meet their financial needs. Many real Estate firms are experiencing a credit fix. In the recent move by the Peoples Bank of China to clamp down lending in the real estate sector; the People’s bank of China tightened monetary policy by raising interest rates which in effect lead to increased cost of capital. The central government has also encouraged banks to adopt slow lending to real estate projects. According to the People's Bank of China (PBOC, the increase in cumulative loans related to housing projects totaled ¥1.3 trillion ($198 billion in 2011, down 38 percent from 2010, and new loans to the property sector comprised 17.5 percent of total loans in 2011, down from 27 percent in 2010.The remaining prudent alternative is innovation for exploitation of other means of acquiring funds for real estate venture. Real estate investors need to deepen and broaden their options of financing their activities to avoid credit squeeze.

Application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process to Identify the Most Suitable Lessor of Freight Car Finance Leasing

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lei Lei

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Finance leasing (also “equipment leasing” saves the cost, improves the efficiency and benefit, larger the manufacture supply channels, which is an optimal solution for equipment supply with uncertain freight demand. The article collects the definitions of Finance Leasing based on the four pillars theory of finance leasing, also divides the lessors in Freight Car finance leasing into three categories according to their major business: manufacturers, banks as the representative financial institutions, firms that specialized in finance leasing. To identify the most suitable lessor for each railway department, an indicator system is built and operated by Yaahp (a software based on Analytic Hierarchy Process.

Developing financeable projects in Central Europe

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chelberg, R.; Prerad, V. [POWER International, Josefov (Czechoslovakia)

1995-12-01

POWER`s engineering and development experience in the Czech Republic creating financeable projects within the power generation industry will be presented. POWER has been involved in the Czech Republic`s privatization process, environmental legislation as well as formation of the regulatory environment. Strategic methods for accomplishing the development of financeable projects often include ownership and financial restructuring of the projects. This is done by utilizing internal cash flows, external debt and equity placement (provided by international financial institutions) by restructuring the facility`s contractual relationships and operations (providing as least cost solution to engineering) and possibly using existing governmental guarantees. In order to make any recommendations on how to come into compliance with the country`s environmental legislation, it is necessary to begin with an analysis of the existing facility. This involves preparation of technical and economic feasibility study, evaluation of technology and preliminary engineering solutions. It further involves restructuring of power sales agreements, heat sales agreements, and fuel supply agreements. The goal is to provide suitable security for the equity and debt financing participants by mitigating risk and creating a single purpose business unit with predictable life and economics.

Financing Strategies for Nuclear Fuel Cycle Facility

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

David Shropshire; Sharon Chandler

2005-01-01

To help meet our nation's energy needs, reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel is being considered more and more as a necessary step in a future nuclear fuel cycle, but incorporating this step into the fuel cycle will require considerable investment. This report presents an evaluation of financing scenarios for reprocessing facilities integrated into the nuclear fuel cycle. A range of options, from fully government owned to fully private owned, was evaluated using a DPL (Dynamic Programming Language) 6.0 model, which can systematically optimize outcomes based on user-defined criteria (e.g., lowest life-cycle cost, lowest unit cost). Though all business decisions follow similar logic with regard to financing, reprocessing facilities are an exception due to the range of financing options available. The evaluation concludes that lowest unit costs and lifetime costs follow a fully government-owned financing strategy, due to government forgiveness of debt as sunk costs. Other financing arrangements, however, including regulated utility ownership and a hybrid ownership scheme, led to acceptable costs, below the Nuclear Energy Agency published estimates. Overwhelmingly, uncertainty in annual capacity led to the greatest fluctuations in unit costs necessary for recovery of operating and capital expenditures; the ability to determine annual capacity will be a driving factor in setting unit costs. For private ventures, the costs of capital, especially equity interest rates, dominate the balance sheet; the annual operating costs dominate the government case. It is concluded that to finance the construction and operation of such a facility without government ownership could be feasible with measures taken to mitigate risk, and that factors besides unit costs should be considered (e.g., legal issues, social effects, proliferation concerns) before making a decision on financing strategy

BUSINESS ENGLISH COURSES ONLINE SUPPORT

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

KUČÍRKOVÁ, Lenka

2011-12-01

Full Text Available The paper deals with the project called Online Study Support for the Subject of Business English within the Fund of Higher Education Development of the Czech Republic. It will be created in the form of a twelve-module course in the Moodle Learning Management System (LMS on the B1 level of the Common European Framework of References for Languages. Moodle is an open source Virtual Learning Environment which is free, developed by a worldwide community and is used for study purposes. It allows the teachers to create online courses and the students to enrol in them. The course is focused on the development of business and economic terminology, on reading comprehension, listening comprehension and the work with up-to-date authentic audio-visual materials. The course comprises the topics such as business and its basic terms, business letters, business organizations, macroeconomics and microeconomics, personnel management, marketing, email, accounting and finance etc. Single units have the following structure: lead in, key words and definitions, specialist material, various activities such as filling in the gaps, multiple choice, matching, word formation, word order etc. These electronic activities are created in the most famous authoring tool in our field called Hot Potatoes, they can be stored on a central server and accessed from anywhere through the Internet. Online support will be intended for students of all faculties and fields of study at the Czech University of Life Sciences (CULS in Prague, including incoming Erasmus students and academic staff as well as the students of other universities.

Impact of Corporate Governance on Diversification in Finance Companies: Evidence from Malaysia

OpenAIRE

KALLAMU, Basiru Salisu

2016-01-01

Abstract. The board of directors performs a very important role in formulating and monitoring the strategy of a company. Recent development in technology and the change in business environment as well as change in the nature of demand by customers has necessitated the change in the products and services offered by finance companies. Based on data from finance companies listed on Bursa Malaysia over the period 2007 to 2011 this paper examined the impact of board attributes and ownership struct...

Renewable energies in France. New financing modes and challenges for French actors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2014-11-01

This document comprises three reports and a video. The first report is an executive summary which focuses on the main factors of evolution of the activity in the field of renewable energies, and stresses factors of change and their strategic consequences. The second report proposes a strategic analysis which addresses key challenges and problematic of the sector, analyses the evolution of competition, deciphers the strategies of the main operators, and tries to identify the best performing business models. It proposes an overview of the situation of the French market of renewable energies (hydraulic, wind, solar photovoltaic, solar thermal, biomass including biogas, waste combustion, geothermal and heat pumps), a precise description of renewable energy financing modes (notably four models: capital-investment, green bonds, institutional financing, participative financing), an analysis of opportunities for the different French renewable energy sectors on the medium term, and an identification of actors with an analysis of their market positioning. The third report proposes data which provide a comprehensive and structured overview of the market, of its dynamics and of operators. It presents the market environment (energy policy, energy assessment, housing fleet, GDP, other environmental factors), the French market of renewable energies (final consumption, primary production, turnover of 5 component suppliers and of 5 operators, renewable heat production and consumption, renewable electric power production and consumption), and the competitive environment (economic structure, overview of main manufacturers, exploiters and operators in France) with a more detailed presentation of 18 manufacturers, owners and operators). The video proposes a presentation of operational conclusions of this study

ANALYSIS OF THE SELECTED SOURCES OF FUNDING THE LUBUSKI SYSTEM OF FINANCING ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN THE YEARS 2009-2013

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mateusz BUDYNEK

2015-07-01

Full Text Available The article analyses the effects of an internal financing institution, namely the Voivodeship Fund for Environmental Pro-tection and Water Management in Zielona Góra on stimulating pro-ecological activities in the production business sec-tor. The paper further analyses government forms of financing the Fund as well as the sources coming from particular economic financing instruments in the years 2009-2013.

Interactions between business and financial strategies in Serbian companies

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kaličanin Đorđe

2014-01-01

Full Text Available We surveyed financial and general managers of 58 companies in Serbia in order to examine their views on the interactions between business and financial strategies. Although the theoretical views are well known and clear, in practice, when there is limited availability of funding sources, a meaningful combination of business and financial risk can be very difficult. We found moderate interactions between business and financial strategies. Managers of companies in Serbia are very aware of the fact that the high volatility of operating profit suggests that they should limit borrowing. However, ordinary practical problems in day-to-day operations, such as long periods of collection of accounts receivable, force the companies to take additional debt. There are significant differences between the views of managers of large companies and managers of small businesses on how business strategy dictates financial strategy. However, firm size is not relevant to the current level of debt, although earlier decisions on business strategy in terms of diversification and internationalization are relevant to the level of leverage. Somewhat surprisingly, the current level of debt does not affect the intended financial strategy in the sense of the managers’ preferences to take additional debt to finance possible diversification and internationalization or other high-risk financially demanding business strategies. As the pecking order theory advocates, managers have a strong tendency towards internal financing.

The Contradictions and Compartmentalizing the Interactions between Integrated Business Structures: Aspect of Branding

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nifatova Olena M.

2017-04-01

Full Text Available The article is aimed at identifying contradictions and developing a compartmentalizing as to the interaction between integrated business structures, taking into consideration the branding approach to management. The main specific features and contradictions that arise in the process of integration in the domestic market of mergers and acquisitions have been allocated. The contradictions identified were systematized and substantiated at three economic levels: macro-, meso-, and microeconomic. A compartmentalizing of the business units interaction in a merge or an acquisition process has been proposed. This compartmentalizing takes account of the branding aspect through the introduction of «brands interaction» – cluster interaction, circular interaction, holding interaction, linear interaction, which enhances the scientific view of exploring the problem of business units interaction in the process of the formations becoming integrated. The development of a compartmentalizing as to the interaction between integrated business structures, taking into consideration the branding approach to management, would provide a more effective use of the fundamental nature of branding as synergistic force in terms of the system of integration of business structures at the current stage of development of the national economy. Further development of branding issues in this sphere will have a significant impact on the functioning of the integrated business structures with the participation of Ukrainian companies.

MICRO FINANCING SCHEME BASED ON OPTIMIZATION OF NETWORK (MFS-ON: APROPOSED IMPROVEMENT ON CURRENT PRACTICES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Soenartomo Soepomo

2017-03-01

Full Text Available One important method in reducing poverty was through finance.The poor were lack of qualification andcapacity to borrow from formal financial sector. Therefore they should resort their financing needs to informalsources albeit very high cost implication.This dependency in turn would disrupt their productive capacitysincethe interest was very high. We focus on special segment of theproductive poor. We reviewed various financingscheme that widely practiced both domestically and globally. We perceived that existing schemes were inadequatefrom several perspectives: (1 partial nature, (2 substandard business practices, (3 lack of cooperationand (4 limited coverage. We proposed an alternative financing scheme.The spirit of the approach emphasizedthe critical role of self-sufficiency of Microfinance Institution (MFI. Through self sufficiency, MFI coulddevelop a healthy business with reasonable rate of return. In addition to self sufficiency, first, the proposal alsoincluded financing from private sector through mobilization of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR funds.The funding sources became broad and economics scale could be achieved. Second, the proposal improved risksharing mechanism by introducing the regional government banks as well as insurers. Third, the proposalmade the distribution channel optimum by involvement of society elements

Business Models for NFC based mobile payments

OpenAIRE

Johannes Sang Un Chae; Jonas Hedman

2015-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of the paper is to develop a business model framework for NFC based mobile payment solutions consisting of four mutually interdepended components: the value service, value network, value architecture, and value finance. Design: Using a comparative case study method, the paper investigates Google Wallet and ISIS Mobile Wallet and their underlying business models. Findings: Google Wallet and ISIS Mobile Wallet are focusing on providing an enhanced customer experienc...

A COMPARATIVE BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF FINANCE PAPERS PUBLISHED IN HIGH IMPACT JOURNALS AND DEVELOPING COUNTRY–ADDRESSED JOURNALS: THE CASE OF TURKISH JOURNALS

OpenAIRE

Esen, Sinan; Takıl, Davut; Tunahan, Hakan

2018-01-01

The aim of this study is to compare finance articles published in highest-impact journals and developing country–addressed journals from a bibliometric perspective. For this purpose, it compares finance papers published in the Turkish-originated journals Journal of Economics, Business and Finance (IIF) and Journal of Accounting and Finance (known as Mufad) with those published in the world’s most influential journals, Journal of Finance (JOF) and the Review of Financial Studies (RFS), in term...

13 CFR 107.850 - Restrictions on redemption of Equity Securities.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... SMALL BUSINESS INVESTMENT COMPANIES Financing of Small Businesses by Licensees Structuring Licensee's Financing of An Eligible Small Business: Terms and Conditions of Financing § 107.850 Restrictions on... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Restrictions on redemption of...

Islamic Micro Finance and Its Impact on Poverty Reduction of Two Village Models in Bogor, Indonesia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mustica Bintang Sabiti

2017-02-01

Full Text Available The purpose of this paper is to identify the effectiveness of Islamic microfinance institutions and their impact on poverty reduction in two types of rural areas in the district of Bogor, Indonesia. This research uses descriptive analysis, using a likert’s scale and with a paired sample t test to determine the impact of Islamic micro finance to micro business performance. Multiple regression is also used to see the effect of the types of villages in the implementation of micro-enterprise businesses. The results show that the Islamic micro financing has affected the effectiveness of the income and expenditure aspects, but also quite effective in the aspect of profit and use in expenditure. Furthermore, funding-based Islamic microfinance also has a positive influence on business micro and poverty reduction.DOI:  10.15408/sjie.v6i1.4337

Financing energy SMEs in Ghana and Senegal: Outcomes, barriers and prospects

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Haselip, James Arthur; Desgain, Denis DR; Mackenzie, Gordon A.

2014-01-01

enterprises (energy SMEs). These assumptions were (1) that the lack of affordable local financing presented the most significant barrier to setting up and expanding energy SMEs, and (2) that these barriers would be overcome by a ‘demonstration effect’ whereby successful businesses, supported by donor...

Financing options in Mexico's energy industry

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

McKenna, J.J. (PricewaterhouseCoopers Securities, Houston, TX (United States))

1999-01-01

A series of brief notes accompanied this presentation which was divided into seven sections entitled: (1) capital markets update, (2) Mexican financial market update, (3) financing options in the energy industry, (4) the Venezuelan experience at La Apertura, (5) private and strategic equity alternatives, (6) Pricewaterhouse Coopers Securities, and (7) Mexico energy 2005 prediction. The paper focused on how the financial crisis and merger activity in Latin America will impact electricity reform in Mexico. It was noted that under Mexico's Policy Proposal for Electricity Reform of the Mexican Electricity Industry, the financial community will seek to back companies in power generation, transportation and distribution. The difficulty of financing government businesses undergoing privatization was also discussed with particular emphasis on the challenge of accepting political and regulatory risks. The Latin private equity market and Canadian investment in Mexico was also reviewed. Since NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) went into affect in 1994, Canadian investment in Mexico has more than tripled. Canadian companies have invested more than C$1.7 billion in Mexico since NAFTA. Pricewaterhouse Coopers Securities is a global investment bank which sees large opportunities in the Mexican energy market. They predict that in five years, Mexico will experience a gradual liberalization of the oil and gas sector, and a full liberalization of the gas pipeline and distribution business and the power generation, transmission and distribution business. 3 figs.

Situational Script Management of Business Processes with Changeable Structure

OpenAIRE

Chaliy, Sergey; Chala, Oksana

2008-01-01

In the presented work the problem of management business-processes with changeable structure is considered and situational based approach to its decision is offered. The approach is based on situational model of management business-process according to which process is represented as a set of situations. The script defining necessary actions is connected with each situation. Management of process is carried out by means of the rules formalizing functional requirements to processes.

PEMBIAYAAN MUDHARABAH DAN KAITANNYA DENGAN NON PERFORMING FINANCING (NPF DAN BAGI HASIL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sri Indah Nikensari

2012-08-01

Full Text Available Economic development in Indonesia require funding from many sources. One source of funding is from the Islamic banks in recent years experienced a very rapid expansion, both of the institution and the assets and the distribution of funds. This study aims to look at the link between non-performing financing (NPF (X1 and the profit sharing ratio (X2 to the amount of mudharabah financing (Y in Islamic banks and Islamic business units in Indonesia. But in the process of analysis, because of autocorrelation, then added the other explanatory variables are mudharabah financing at the previous period (X3. The results showed a significant effect of the profit sharing ratio received by the bank (X2, then the mudharabah financing at the previous period (X3 to the mudharabah financing at current period (Y, but the magnitude of the NPF last period had no significant effect to the amount of mudarabah financing at current period. The lack of effect of NPF to the meaninglessness of financing was indicated that the handling of non-performing loans (NPF used rescheduling and reconditioning scheme and financing into qordhul hasan. Although partially NPF had no significant effect to the financing, but together these three explanatory variables have a significant impact on financing. The coefficient of determination indicates the amount of 0.991, which means that 99% more variation in the mudharabah financing can be explained by the three explanatory variables.

Economic impact of land finance and subsequent risk response

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

Lü Wei; Xu Hongwei

2014-01-01

In China,land finance is actually an endogenous factor in economic growth.As a kind of nontraditional,informal government revenue in China's economic transition process,land finance is unstable,non-standard and unsustainable,and it simultaneously makes the current land-finance dependent growth mode difficult to maintain.The paper firstly analyzes the impact of the land finance on China's economic growth and economic structure change followed by discussing the possible risks in post-"land finance" period.It then put forward some suggestions to deal with the problem.The analysis shows that land finance exacerbates the economic fluctuation,bringing in the increase of government public expenditure and economic growth in the short term.Nonetheless,in the long term there is no significant effect,and it could gradually lead to a more unreasonable economic structure.In the post-"land finance" period,if we do not take precautions in advance,it will restrain the sustainable development of China's economy and society.

FINANCING INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ASSESTS: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS

OpenAIRE

USHA SWAMINATHAN

2016-01-01

Amplifying any property needs assessment to be marketable. This paper reads on the prospects of intangible property especially the Intellectual Property (IP) being evaluated in terms of financing by institutions to progressively grow more by widening their business and to make available advances based on IP. Arrangements engaging in the safety measures of intangible property encompassed and facilitated title-holders of IP privileges to comprise a loan of money as more undemanding and protecte...

13 CFR 107.845 - Maximum rate of amortization on Loans and Debt Securities.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... ADMINISTRATION SMALL BUSINESS INVESTMENT COMPANIES Financing of Small Businesses by Licensees Structuring Licensee's Financing of An Eligible Small Business: Terms and Conditions of Financing § 107.845 Maximum... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Maximum rate of amortization on...

Financing Opportunities for Renewable Energy Development in Alaska

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ardani, K.; Hillman, D.; Busche, S.

2013-04-01

This technical report provides an overview of existing and potential financing structures for renewable energy project development in Alaska with a focus on four primary sources of project funding: government financed or supported (the most commonly used structure in Alaska today), developer equity capital, commercial debt, and third-party tax-equity investment. While privately funded options currently have limited application in Alaska, their implementation is theoretically possible based on successful execution in similar circumstances elsewhere. This report concludes that while tax status is a key consideration in determining appropriate financing structure, there are opportunities for both taxable and tax-exempt entities to participate in renewable energy project development.

Financial Mechanisms for Integrating Higher Education of Ukraine into the Quadrangle “Education — Government — Business — Society”

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Verbytska Anna V.

2018-03-01

Full Text Available The aim of the article is to identify the financial mechanisms for integrating higher education of Ukraine into the quadrangle “education — government – business — society”, which are intended for increasing the international competitiveness of higher education of Ukraine. There substantiated the formation of a new national financial strategy in the field of higher education, which is based on the introduction of a mechanism for distributing financial responsibility between the state and consumers of educational services represented by employers and business structures, which can be implemented within multi-channel financing; adaptation of the experience in creation of endowment funds as a tool for additional financing of the higher education system; increase in the effectiveness of the export policy in the market for educational services. The principle of performance-based budgeting of higher education and its coordination with the concept of effective financial management is revealed.

Evolution Model and Simulation of Profit Model of Agricultural Products Logistics Financing

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Bo; Wu, Yan

2018-03-01

Agricultural products logistics financial warehousing business mainly involves agricultural production and processing enterprises, third-party logistics enterprises and financial institutions tripartite, to enable the three parties to achieve win-win situation, the article first gives the replication dynamics and evolutionary stability strategy between the three parties in business participation, and then use NetLogo simulation platform, using the overall modeling and simulation method of Multi-Agent, established the evolutionary game simulation model, and run the model under different revenue parameters, finally, analyzed the simulation results. To achieve the agricultural products logistics financial financing warehouse business to participate in tripartite mutually beneficial win-win situation, thus promoting the smooth flow of agricultural products logistics business.

Structural financing and management of investment projects in the Nigerian mineral industry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Akingbola, E. B. O.

1997-01-01

The mineral industry is attractive because of the diversity and abundance of the deposits. The economic and financial implications of exploiting these are considered. The issues discussed include capital requirement, international outlook, investment opportunities in the mineral industry, oil and gas, solid minerals, attracting investment into the mineral industry,structural financing, macro economic stability. The paper concludes that the ability of the industry to continue attracting foreign capital is crucial to its survival, growth and development

Ethiopian Journal of Business and Economics

African Journals Online (AJOL)

It seeks to encourage thinking among academics, practitioners and policy makers in the fields of Accounting and Finance, Economics, Business Management, and Public Administration and Development Management. Equally important, its main mission is to stimulate research-based and inter- and multi-disciplinary debate ...

Sri Lanka; Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes for Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism and Mutual Evaluation Report on Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism

OpenAIRE

International Monetary Fund

2008-01-01

The experts reviewed the institutional framework, the relevant Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism (AML/CFT) laws, regulations, guidelines, and other requirements, and the regulatory and other systems in place to deter money laundering (ML) and the financing of terrorism (FT) through financial institutions and designated non-financial businesses and professions (DNFBP), as well as examining the capacity, the implementation, and the effectiveness of all these systems...

Starting a business through a franchise

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dubravka Mahaček

2013-12-01

Full Text Available A business can be launched by establishing a new entity, purchasing an existing entity or through a franc - hise. There are certain prerequisites for starting a business, the most important ones being a quality idea and start-up capital. Potential start-up difficulties are inadequate financing, existing competition as well as the process of building your own market position. By purchasing an existing business some risks may be avoided and the opportunity for gaining profit may arise. Profitable operation is possible only if this business has up-to-date products and no outstanding liabilities. This paper discusses franchising business opportunities and the requisite investments and costs, which will bring success if they are accompanied by franchisee’s efforts. The paper aims to present the main characteristics of a franchise business, the necessary investment and the costs which arise in the process, as well as advantages, disadvantages and experiences with this kind of business

The Effects of Anxiety and Self-Efficacy on Finance Students

Science.gov (United States)

Sizoo, Steve; Jozkowskia, Robert; Malhotra, Naveen; Shapero, Morris

2008-01-01

Because of their quantitative content, Finance courses are particularly difficult for business majors. Math-related material causes many students to become anxious, which can impede their learning and their performance. Also, students who think they will perform poorly on a task do worse than those who think they will succeed. The difference is…

A Capital-Financing Plan for School Systems and Local Government

Science.gov (United States)

Hodge, Penny

2012-01-01

School business officials are best equipped to lead in funding operating and capital needs because they understand the need for a methodical means of funding ongoing costs over time and the benefits of planning for future financial needs rather than letting emergencies dictate spending priorities. A capital-financing plan makes it possible to…

Implications of e-commerce for banking and finance

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Heng, Michael S.H.

2001-01-01

The aim of the paper is to show that e-commerce holds the potential totransform banking and financial systems. There are three aspects in which e-commercecan affect banking and finance. First, banks and financial firms can use thetechnology and business practice of e-commerce to market their

Ubiquitous quantum structure. From psychology to finance

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Khrennikov, Andrei

2010-01-01

Quantum-like structure is present practically everywhere. Quantum-like (QL) models, i.e. models based on the mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics and its generalizations can be successfully applied to cognitive science, psychology, genetics, economics, finances, and game theory. This book is not about quantum mechanics as a physical theory. The short review of quantum postulates is therefore mainly of historical value: quantum mechanics is just the first example of the successful application of non-Kolmogorov probabilities, the first step towards a contextual probabilistic description of natural, biological, psychological, social, economical or financial phenomena. A general contextual probabilistic model (Vaexjoemodel) is presented. It can be used for describing probabilities in both quantum and classical (statistical) mechanics as well as in the above mentioned phenomena. This model can be represented in a quantum-like way, namely, in complex and more general Hilbert spaces. In this way quantum probability is totally demystified: Born's representation of quantum probabilities by complex probability amplitudes, wave functions, is simply a special representation of this type. (orig.)

Ubiquitous quantum structure. From psychology to finance

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Khrennikov, Andrei [University of Vaexjoe (Sweden). International Center for Mathematical Modeling in Physics and Cognitive Science

2010-07-01

Quantum-like structure is present practically everywhere. Quantum-like (QL) models, i.e. models based on the mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics and its generalizations can be successfully applied to cognitive science, psychology, genetics, economics, finances, and game theory. This book is not about quantum mechanics as a physical theory. The short review of quantum postulates is therefore mainly of historical value: quantum mechanics is just the first example of the successful application of non-Kolmogorov probabilities, the first step towards a contextual probabilistic description of natural, biological, psychological, social, economical or financial phenomena. A general contextual probabilistic model (Vaexjoemodel) is presented. It can be used for describing probabilities in both quantum and classical (statistical) mechanics as well as in the above mentioned phenomena. This model can be represented in a quantum-like way, namely, in complex and more general Hilbert spaces. In this way quantum probability is totally demystified: Born's representation of quantum probabilities by complex probability amplitudes, wave functions, is simply a special representation of this type. (orig.)

International business and the eclectic paradigm

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

The eclectic paradigm has become the dominant theoretical basis in the study of international business, multinational corporations and internationalization since 1980. However, developments such as economic globalization and the subsequent growth of global and alliance capitalism have fundamentally......, finance, evolutionary economics, resource-based theory or strategic management? Can it be utilized to explain new developments in international business and economics? Do these require new ideas and concepts to be integrated within the eclectic paradigm? What are the new challenges to which international...

Financing Nuclear Power Plant Projects. A New Paradigm?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pehuet Lucet, Fabienne

2015-05-01

There are currently 435 operable nuclear power reactors around the world, with a further 71 under construction. Two main proven financing models were applied to nuclear plants in the past: the national model, and the corporate model. The historical model of financing is the national model. It allowed for the most efficient risk allocation model in then-regulated national electricity markets: government or state-owned utilities with government guarantee assumed the risks of building nuclear power plants locally. The national model has proven to be efficient in France, Russia and the USA where it was modified to support private business initiatives. It was then replicated in Japan, Korea and China where significant nuclear programs were developed. In the corporate business model, the owner of the plant assumes most of the risk, but various schemes are used to mitigate the owner's risk by transmitting large areas of risks to others: vendors for construction risk as in Finland, government through loans guarantees etc. As projects became international, a set of common principles were approved by OECD countries concerning financing and the role of Export Credit Agencies. The objective was to provide competition rules whereby exporters compete on the basis of the price and quality of their products rather than the financial terms provided. Various combinations of these models were and still are implemented. Pure Project Finance was not implemented for nuclear power plants, but the model nurtures reflections about new financing models. The context in which nuclear power projects are now decided and financed changed drastically: it is a new paradigm. Risk allocation and financial conditions are at the forefront of competition to win new nuclear projects' tenders insofar as reducing uncertainties is a decisive competition edge. In a context of electricity market deregulation and high construction risks, investors and lenders require more and more securities to

The advertising-financed business model in two-sided media markets

OpenAIRE

Anderson, Simon P.; Jullien, Bruno

2016-01-01

This chapter focuses on the economic mechanisms at work in recent models of advertising finance in media markets developed around the concept of two-sided markets. The objective is to highlight new and original insights from this approach, and to clarify the conceptual aspects. The chapter first develops a canonical model of two-sided markets for advertising, where platforms deliver content to consumers and resell their "attention" to advertisers. A key distinction is drawn between free media...

The Bias in Favor of Venture Capital Finance in U.S. Entrepreneurial Education: At the Expense of Trade Credit

Science.gov (United States)

Clement, Thomas; LeMire, Steven; Silvernagel, Craig

2015-01-01

The authors examine whether U.S. college-level entrepreneurship education demonstrates a bias favoring venture capital (VC) financing while marginalizing trade credit financing, and the resulting impact on entrepreneurship students. A sample of U.S. business textbooks and survey data from entrepreneurship students reveals a significant bias toward…

CHALLENGE FUNDS AND INCLUSIVE BUSINESSES – KEY TO SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Boleslaw Stawicki

2016-09-01

Full Text Available This paper will introduce the concept of the challenge fund mechanism, and its role, from both a private sector development (PSD perspective as well as from the sustainable social impact angle. The paper is informed by practical experience and reflections from the point of view of a manager who manages one of the world’s largest challenge funds with a capitalisation of USD 250m and 200+ investments across 23 different markets. A challenge fund, which by nature, is a risk taking and risk-sharing PSD mechanism is used to support innovative, forprofit business ventures, which, by the virtue of being innovative, and therefore, more risky than other business ventures have restricted access to capital. A challenge fund, in a developing or frontier market context, will invest in innovative for-profit companies that exhibit strong intentionality on social impact, i.e. they will implement the inclusive business model concept. Essentially, inclusive businesses engage low income communities in a formal way either as suppliers of raw material, such as cocoa seeds, which the company then processes, or they engage low income communities as customers who buy and consume products and services which cater to them specifically. In this way, an inclusive business makes a profit and at the same time increases the income of low income communities. In this arrangement social impact remains sustainable because the business sees that it can make a profit by collaborating with low income communities. A challenge fund, by financing innovative and risky SMEs doesn’t only support PSD and social impact, it also creates a tested and proven deal flow of companies for more commercial investors such as private equity funds or development finance institutions such as the International Finance Corporation. Therefore, the challenge fund mechanism serves a critical function in sustainable business and social development.

Institutional Roles in Higher Education for Business and Management in Hungary.

Science.gov (United States)

Voros, Jozsef; Schermerhorn, John R., Jr.

1993-01-01

Hungarian business education in a restructuring era faces such challenges as underemphasis on corporate finance/accounting and overemphasis on bookkeeping, lack of status for marketing in the curriculum, and isolation of subjects with little practical application. The goal of sustainable development is a possible focus for business administration…

13 CFR 108.825 - Purchasing securities from an underwriter or other third party.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... ADMINISTRATION NEW MARKETS VENTURE CAPITAL (âNMVCâ) PROGRAM Financing of Small Businesses by NMVC Companies Structuring Nmvc Company's Financing of Eligible Small Businesses § 108.825 Purchasing securities from an... Financing of the Small Business. Limitations on Disposition of Assets ...

Financing reform and structural change in the health services industry.

Science.gov (United States)

Higgins, C W; Phillips, B U

1986-08-01

This paper reviews the major trends in financing reform, emphasizing their impact on those characteristics of the market for health services that economists have viewed as monopolistic, and discusses the implications of structural change for the allied health professions. Hopefully, by understanding the fundamental forces of change and responding to uncertainty with flexibility and imagination, the allied health professions can capitalize on the opportunities afforded by structural change. Overall, these trends should result in the long-term outlook for use of allied health services to increase at an average annual rate of 9% to 10%. Allied health professionals may also witness an increase in independent practice opportunities. Finally, redistribution of jobs will likely occur in favor of outpatient facilities, home health agencies, and nontraditional settings. This in turn will have an impact on allied health education, which will need to adapt to these types of reforms.

The Borrower's Guide to Financing Solar Energy Systems - A Federal Overview

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Eiffert, P.

1999-03-30

This booklet describes authorized lending programs and loan guarantees provided by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and several Federal agencies, including DOE, that consumers and businesses can use to finance solar heat or electric systems and energy efficient mortgages.

The nature of business social ethics in heterodox epistemological worldviews

OpenAIRE

Choudhury, Masudul

2013-01-01

The model of general system is a process-orientation of learning dynamics in and across complexly interrelated orders. Within such a general system model is found the specific field of unified, that is organic and endogenously circularly inter-related embedding between economy, finance, and the business world-systems. Business social ethics or socio-business ethicality is a problem of epistemological genre. It glues the circularly inter-related sub-systems and their representative behavioral ...

Comparative analysis of oral and computer based types of assessment in teaching English for students of economics, business and finance

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Grigorieva Elena V.

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Foreign language skill is one of the components highly demanded by employers in the sphere of economics, business and finance. Adequate level of foreign language proficiency can be achieved with a thoroughly selected type of assessment which shows the progresses made by graduates and help to adapt teaching techniques and learning standards to changing requirements. Computer based testing and oral type of assessment are common ways to estimate graduates’ foreign language proficiency level. The aim of the present study is to determine the type of assessment which best suits the purpose of higher educational establishment and can be used within graduates’ possibilities. Authors came to the conclusion that both CBT and oral type of assessment should constitute the framework of the assessment procedure and be used in their combination because in that way they respond to the needs of higher educational establishment and comply with graduates’ differences respectively.

Practice financing strategies should match investors' objectives.

Science.gov (United States)

Messinger, S F; Stevenson, P B

1999-05-01

To successfully obtain capital financing, a group practice should develop a business plan that is tailored to the needs and objectives of the targeted investors. When evaluating possible funding sources, healthcare financial managers need to consider the group practice's growth objectives, geographic scope, intended use of the funding, and cash-flow potential and/or assets. Potential capital sources include internal funding; investments by healthcare organizations, health plans, private investors, and venture capitalists; borrowing from lenders; and public offerings.

Financing Preference Behaviour for Private Finance Initiative (PFI Projects

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yati Md Lasa

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Project Financing Initiative (PFI projects require the private sector to invest an enormous amount of capital for the development of public projects. The private sector has to seek cost-effective financing sources for their survival in the long-term concession. Conventional financing uses widely; however, Islamic financing promises better financing through profit and loss sharing. This paper reviews financing preferences for PFI projects and the factors influencing the choice of funding. The results show that religious perspective, quality of services, financing facilities and reputation are the factors that are expected will influence the financing preference behaviour, either Islamic or conventional finance.

Human Rights and the Political Economy of Universal Health Care: Designing Equitable Financing.

Science.gov (United States)

Rudiger, Anja

2016-12-01

Health system financing is a critical factor in securing universal health care and achieving equity in access and payment. The human rights framework offers valuable guidance for designing a financing strategy that meets these goals. This article presents a rights-based approach to health care financing developed by the human right to health care movement in the United States. Grounded in a human rights analysis of private, market-based health insurance, advocates make the case for public financing through progressive taxation. Financing mechanisms are measured against the twin goals of guaranteeing access to care and advancing economic equity. The added focus on the redistributive potential of health care financing recasts health reform as an economic policy intervention that can help fulfill broader economic and social rights obligations. Based on a review of recent universal health care reform efforts in the state of Vermont, this article reports on a rights-based public financing plan and model, which includes a new business tax directed against wage disparities. The modeling results suggest that a health system financed through equitable taxation could produce significant redistributive effects, thus increasing economic equity while generating sufficient funds to provide comprehensive health care as a universal public good.

The Impact of Lecture Capture on Student Performance in Business Courses

Science.gov (United States)

Terry, Neil; Macy, Anne; Clark, Robin; Sanders, Gary

2015-01-01

This paper examines the effect of the e-learning technology of lecture capture on the performance of undergraduate business students in business law, economics, finance, and management courses. The sample consists of 890 student observations at a midsized regional institution located in the Southwestern region of the United States. The dependent…

Debt financing structure within the state-owned corporations in Kenya

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Micah Odhiambo Nyamita

2015-05-01

Full Text Available The current public sector financial management reforms agenda within the state-owned corporations in Kenya aimed at integrating and aligning their performance to vision 2030, has not yet achieved the traction required. This study, therefore, examined the different types of debt financing strategies applied by the various state-owned corporations in Kenya, in comparison to those applied by state-owned corporations from developed and developing economies. The study specifically revealed that private debt financing, through bank loans and payables is commonly used amongst Kenyan state-owned corporations. While, most state-owned corporations from developed and developing economies, such as in America, Europe, Asia and South Africa, use public debt financing, through financial securities, traded in both domestic and international capital markets.

Project finance and international energy development

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pollio, G.

1998-01-01

This paper explores the preference for and the features unique to project finance, one of the favoured vehicles for funding energy development. Our main focus is on the interests of project sponsors, commercial banks and host governments. Inclusion of the latter reflects the fact host governments are often leading participants in primary energy and energy-related projects; more recently, they have come to use limited recourse structures to finance local infrastructure development. Traditional analyses, whilst providing useful insights into the interests of leading project participants, are incapable of isolation a single motive or set of motives that can comprehensively account for all of the features common to this form of debt. Within an options-theoretic framework, most of these ambiguities are resolved. Risk management, long recognised as one of the primary reasons for choosing project finance over rival debt structures, is affirmed as a key explanatory factor. One the other hand, options pricing theory provides a radically different perspective on how to project finance contributes to the realisation of these objectives. (author)

Financing Strategies of New Technology-Based Firms: A Comparison by Gender

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alicia Robb

2010-03-01

Full Text Available Technology-based firms have been and will continue to be important contributors to the U.S. economy. For the past two decades, technology firms have been a major source of innovation, business development and growth, and new jobs. Securing funding for new technology-based firms is particularly problematic, however, whether they are owned by women or men. Many such firms are built upon intellectual capital rather than on physical assets, so it is difficult to determine the value and prospects of the firm. The problem of asymmetric or incomplete information is especially acute (Brierley, 2001, often resulting in a shortage of capital or capital that can only be obtained under unfavorable terms and conditions. A number of researchers contend that one of the primary reasons women-owned firms tend to be smaller than firms owned by men is that women tend to concentrate in low-growth retail and service lines of business (Rosa et al., 1996; Du Rietz & Henrekson, 2000. These businesses have a higher risk of failure (Robb, 2002; Fairlie & Robb, 2008; Watson, 2003 combined with a higher level of difficulty in attracting sources of capital due to their limited prospects for growth and profitability (Menzies et al., 2004; Sabarwal & Terrell, 2008. More recently, however, some researchers have begun to attack the “myth” that women do not want high-growth businesses (Brush et al., 2001. They contend that a new generation of women entrepreneurs is willing to “go boldly where no one has gone before” by starting firms in the fields of technology and bioscience, where there are opportunities for significant growth and profits. In this paper we will examine the financing sources and strategies, by gender, for new technology-based firms using the Kauffman Firm Survey data. We identify not only sources of financing, but also financing gaps which may impede the ability of women to launch and grow technology-based firms.

SMES' SECTOR ACCESS TO FINANCE: AN OVERVIEW

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Roman Angela

2011-07-01

Full Text Available Through their contribution to the creation of added value and new jobs, the small and medium enterprises (SMEs have a significant role in the economic and social development of a country. However, these enterprises are facing numerous obstacles that limit their performance, growth and development. Among the difficulties faced by SMEs, the access to finance is often reported as a major obstacle to the deployment and expansion of their activity. The access to finance is crucial for efficient allocation of financial resources and entrepreneurial development, which explains the major interest given to this subject both by the academic literature and the policy makers. The paper aims to highlight the difficulties faced by SMEs in securing financing resources, emphasizing the differences between countries and also between SMEs and large enterprises. Knowing the difficulties in SMEs financing is essential for policy makers in order to design and implement appropriate measures, which will help to improve the access to financing for these enterprises. Thus, another issue addressed, synthetically, in this paper aims the measures taken by public authorities in order to support the access to financing for SMEs. The research methodology used in this paper starts with a literature review in order to highlight the importance of the subject addressed in our research. The analysis conducted in this paper is based on data and statistics provided mainly by the World Bank surveys, by certain empirical studies and by the National Council of Small and Medium Sized Private Enterprises in Romania. Based on the methodology used, the paper indicates the difficulties in SMEs financing and the crucial importance of enhancing the public authorities concerns regarding their alleviation, especially by adopting measures focused on increasing financial development, which would ensure greater availability of financing for businesses and thus economic growth. The limited

Business Process Outsourcing: A case study on a Finance & Accounting function in an IT industry

OpenAIRE

Hoo, Yuen Mei Sharon

2009-01-01

Over the past few years, the proliferation of networking technology and growing affluence of emerging economies has led to further globalization of major corporations. As competition intensifies around the world, companies were constantly challenged to restructure their business by reducing cost and maximizing shareholder value. Outsourcing is gaining precedence as a viable solution for companies seeking to reduce its cost structure as well as focus on their core competency. This created...

Global Carriers’ Governance and Business Scope

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Taylor Tae Hwee Lee

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Recent structural changes to the shipping industry triggered severe liquidity risks for not only small and medium-sized shipping lines but also global lines. Despite a severe downturn in the industry, a few lines have shown stable performance their finances. This study thus raises two research questions. Why do a few shipping lines maintain stable financial performance (FP? How much does the governance feature (GVF and the business scope (BSC influence FP? To answer these questions, this research uses regression analysis (RA to verify the relationships among the variables, GVF, BSC, and FP. The result of the RA showed a positive relationship between BSC and FP, but slight relationship between BSC and GVF and between knowledge and FP.

Low-wealth Entrepreneurs and Access to External Financing

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Frid, Casey J.; Wyman, David M.; Gartner, Bill

2016-01-01

Purpose: -The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between low-wealth business founders in the USA and external startup funding. Specifically, the authors test whether a founders’ low personal net worth is correlated with a lower probability of acquiring funding from outside sources...... demonstrates the importance of personal wealth as a factor in acquiring external startup financing compared to human capital, industry, or personal characteristics. Social implications: -If the ability to acquire external funding is significantly constrained, the quality of the opportunity and the skill...... endowments at the outset. Originality/value: -Unlike prior studies, the data used are not subject to survivor bias or an underrepresentation of self-employment. The statistical model jointly estimates acquisition of financing and the amount received. This resolves selection and censoring problems. Finally...

Business Schools and Resources Constraints: A Task for Deans or Magicians?

Science.gov (United States)

D'Alessio, Fernando A.; Avolio, Beatrice

2011-01-01

One of the major challenges that face the deans of many business schools is obtaining funding for their academic operations and research to sustain world-class educational quality. Business schools raise resources in their own way, but ways of financing strongly vary when comparing educational institutions among world regions. The purpose of this…

Access to finance from different finance provider types

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Wulandari, Eliana; Meuwissen, Miranda P.M.; Karmana, Maman H.; Oude Lansink, Alfons G.J.M.

2017-01-01

Analysing farmer knowledge of the requirements of finance providers can provide valuable insights to policy makers about ways to improve farmers’ access to finance. This study compares farmer knowledge of the requirements to obtain finance with the actual requirements set by different finance

Business models for full service energy renovation of single-family houses in Nordic countries

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Mahapatra, Krushna; Gustavsson, Leif; Haavik, Trond

2013-01-01

the similarities are on how the service is provided. Even though there is strong business potential for one-stop-shop energy renovation concept, still it has been somewhat difficult to start or run such a business. Various options to overcome the hindrances to promote energy efficient renovation of detached houses...... markets are dominated by handicraft-based individual solutions. In this paper we have analyzed the opportunities for implementation of one-stop-shop business models where an overall contractor offers full-service renovation packages including consulting, independent energy audit, renovation work, follow......-up (independent quality control and commissioning) and financing. A comparative assessment of emerging business models in the Nordic countries shows that different types of actors can provide such a service. Financing is included in some models. There are differences in how customers are contacted, while...

31 CFR 19.330 - What requirements must I pass down to persons at lower tiers with whom I intend to do business?

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What requirements must I pass down to persons at lower tiers with whom I intend to do business? 19.330 Section 19.330 Money and Finance...) Responsibilities of Participants Regarding Transactions Doing Business with Other Persons § 19.330 What...

100th meeting of the Finance Committee

CERN Multimedia

CERN PhotoLab

1969-01-01

The Finance Committee is an advisory committee to the CERN Council. It has the exacting job of supervising CERN’s finances, being concerned with such things as examining budget proposals, salary structures and cost variation formulae and with approving the award of major contracts to industry.

Public financing and entrepreneurship: behaviour and regional heterogeneity of SMEs

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antonio García-Tabuenca

2009-10-01

Full Text Available The existence of restrictions for small- and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs to access long-term credit has led governments to establish institutionalsystems to facilitate such access and reduce the cost of credit, with the conditionthat its feasibility is justified (and assessed and there are no distortions as regardscompetition. Very few empirical in-depth studies exist regarding this field of academicresearch, and scarce attention has been paid from a regional perspective.Due to the characteristics of the business structures in the different regions, as wellas the existence of agglomeration economies and the regional dispersion of the entrepreneurshiprate, this paper analyses the effects of the productive financing supportmodel, provided by the Government of Spain, through the Instituto de CréditoOficial (ICO [Official Credit Institute], on the behaviours and performances of thebeneficiary companies. In the last decade, this source of financing has assigned30,000 million euro. The results show the general acceptance of this policy due toits adaptation to the interests of the companies and its contribution to the improvementof the economic-financial efficiency indicators. Regionally, no substantialdifferences have been observed, but the results of this research show a greater contributionto the dynamism of the more progressive regions.

Mobilisation du financement privé aux fins de l'adaptation | IDRC ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Le Private Financing Advisory Network (PFAN) de la Climate Technology Initiative (CTI) réalisera la recherche en collaboration avec la Frankfurt Business School et le réseau actuel du PFAN de la CTI dans les pays d'Afrique subsaharienne ciblés. Les équipes ... International Center for Environmental Technology Transfer.

Adapting SMME business functions during economic turmoil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chantal Rootman

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate how SMMEs should adapt their business functions to improve business performance during times of economic turmoil. Problem investigated: SMMEs are important contributors to the economy as these firms provide employment opportunities and create economic wealth. However, many SMMEs fail due to reasons such as the influence of economic factors (low sales and growth prospects as well as the lack of finance, managerial skills and expertise. SMMEs could possibly increase their chances of success if they adjust aspects in their firms which the owners and managers of the SMMEs can control. Business functions are regarded as internal forces influencing a firm and SMME owners and managers can control these functions. These business functions include general and strategic management, purchasing management, production management, marketing management, financial management, human resources management, business communication management and information management. It is important to investigate how SMMEs can adapt their business functions, during difficult economic times, to improve their business performance. Methodology: A self-developed, self-administered and structured questionnaire was distributed to 300 SMMEs in the Eastern Cape and the Garden Route area. A total of 250 usable questionnaires were received, therefore a response rate of 83% was obtained. Findings and implications: The findings of this study revealed that all eight of the business functions require adjustments during difficult economic times to improve the business performance of SMMEs. Respondents regarded the financial management function as the area in SMMEs that needs the most focus and adjustments, during challenging economic times to improve business performance. Following financial management is the purchasing- and information management business functions. Originality and value of the research: This study specifically focussed on

FACTORING – ALTERNATIVE OF SHORT-TERM FINANCING FOR COMPANIES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nicoleta Barbuta-Misu

2013-12-01

Full Text Available In developed countries, had been created formidable conditions for encouraging the factoring business, because using this instrument of investment and financing have grown the economic and financial stability of the company and generated a more efficient management of accounts receivable by the policy of claims recovering. Also, the factoring may be considered both a commercial and financial activity. The essential role of the factoring companies is given by taking the place of company in activities that are not referring exclusively to the commercial field. Given the importance of this financing operation, in this paper are presented different ways of defining, their importance, advantages and disadvantages for the company, the return for the factoring of accounts receivables and the real cost of factoring.

Investors' perspective and needs in the process of developing a business plan

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Stankov Biljana

2015-01-01

Full Text Available A business plan is a very important written document about the current state and future intentions of the company and it meets the information and other needs of a wide range of users, regardless of the size of the company and its organizational structure, or belonging to particular economic activity; regardless of the stage of the life cycle in which the company is located and the like . A business plan is written by the existing, established companies for different needs as well as by startup companies that are eager to show the profitability of the business venture and the success of business ideas realization. The business plan often stands out as a means to establish initial communication between entrepreneurs and financing sources, as well as for their initial meeting. The research problem relates to highlighting the business plan as a very powerful means in the hands of entrepreneurs in applying for obtaining the necessary financial resources. The subject of the research includes the analysis of the differences between the many users of a business plan with an emphasis on commercial banks, investment funds and private investors, as financiers of the business venture and the most important users. The aim of the research relates to highlighting the needs of investors and appreciation of their perspectives in the process of developing a business plan, because without a quality business plan investor is at risk of unsafe moving through a very uncertain and changing environment.

Teaching Hybrid Principles of Finance to Undergraduate Business Students--Can It Work?

Science.gov (United States)

Letterman, Denise

2008-01-01

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between course design and predictor variables: motivation, satisfaction, and success for students enrolled in the hybrid Principles of Finance course. The participants for this research project were 117 undergraduate students (encompassing 6 semesters) at Robert Morris University,…

Prevailing ship financing methods applied to major dry-bulk companies

OpenAIRE

Χριστοδούλου, Αγγελική

2015-01-01

Shipping finance of 2014 has altered substantially regarding that of last decades and the shipping companies’ traditional capital structure of bank lending along with shareholders equity gives way to sophisticated and innovative financing methods forming a new capital structure which is more complicated but serves better the present-day financial needs. Not only constitutes the scope of this dissertation to exhibit the current ship-financing instruments but also to seek the optimal capital st...

The business management preceptorship within the nurse practitioner program.

Science.gov (United States)

Wing, D M

1998-01-01

Changes in health care reimbursement practices have affected the way in which primary health care is provided. To be successful, nurse practitioners must have a proficient understanding of basic business functions, including accounting, finance, economics, marketing, and reimbursement practices. Yet, many graduates of nurse practitioner programs are not adequately prepared to make fundamental business decisions. Therefore, it is essential that nurse practitioner faculty provide learning experiences on primary practice business. Because the preceptor experience is an integral aspect of nurse practitioner education, a business preceptorship provides students with pragmatic knowledge of the clinical practice within a business framework. The University of Indianapolis School of Nursing offers a nurse practitioner business preceptorship. The implementation, challenges, and positive outcomes of the course are discussed in this article.

From Virtual Organization to E-Business: Transformational Structuration

OpenAIRE

James J. Lee; Bandula Jayatilaka; Ben B. Kim; Ted E. Lee; Pairin Katerattanakul; Soongoo Hong

2010-01-01

This article shows how the technical hype of 1990s has been transformed into the e-business organizations at the beginning of the 21st century. The authors took an interpretive stance in this study, grounded theory, and investigated the ontology of virtual organization by the metaphorical analysis. The metaphorical analysis adopted in this study provides the analytical power to conceptualize the social structure of virtual organization in the context of structuration theory with the process o...

MUSYARAKAH FINANCE PROSPECT IN ISLAMIC BANK IN THE FACE OF ASEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY (MEA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ahmad Supriyadi

2016-11-01

Full Text Available In the era of Dutch colonial, the majority of entrepreneurs in Central Java and Yogyakarta come from the students. But after Indonesian independence, the students did not show up in the business world because of political policy. Nowadays the entrepreneur students bounced back with Islamic banks that one of its products is a Musharakah finance. Musharakah finance deal with the birth of the free market, namely the ASEAN Economic Community so that the question arises how the prospect Musharakah finance in Indonesian Islamic banks of facing the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC. This paper aims to describe the prospect of Musharakah finance to face AEC. The results showed that the Musharakah finance has a lot of prospects such as financing products that can be performed well and have a competitive value because it has a solid legal basis. From the network side, Islamic banks have been supported by a network offices that much better at home and abroad with excellent quality customer service. In addition, the presence Bank Indonesia blueprint of the Islamic banking institution can strengthen the Musharakah finance products so that can be applied in the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC.

Leadership characteristics and business management in modern academic surgery.

Science.gov (United States)

Büchler, Peter; Martin, David; Knaebel, Hanns-Peter; Büchler, Markus W

2006-04-01

Management skills are necessary to successfully lead a surgical department in future. This article focuses on practical aspects of surgical management, leadership and training. It demonstrates how the implementation of business management concepts changes workflow management and surgical training. A systematic Medline search was performed and business management publications were analysed. Neither management nor leadership skills are inborn but acquired. Management is about planning, controlling and putting appropriate structures in place. Leadership is anticipating and coping with change and people, and adopting a visionary stance. More change requires more leadership. Changes in surgery occur with unprecedented speed because of a growing demand for surgical procedures with limited financial resources. Modern leadership and management theories have to be tailored to surgery. It is clear that not all of them are applicable but some of them are essential for surgeons. In business management, common traits of successful leaders include team orientation and communication skills. As the most important character, however, appears to be the emotional intelligence. Novel training concepts for surgeons include on-the-job training and introduction of improved workflow management systems, e.g. the central case management. The need for surgeons with advanced skills in business, finance and organisational management is evident and will require systematic and tailored training.

13 CFR 107.720 - Small Businesses that may be ineligible for financing.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... item or defined limited number of items, generally over a defined production period, and such... satisfaction, that the Financing was used for a specific domestic purpose). (2) Exception. This paragraph (g...) Licensee); (2) The price of such goods and services is no higher than that charged other customers of your...

Conceptual Framework of Business Process Reengineering for Civil ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Tesfaye Deb

endorsed Business Process Reengineering (BPR) as a foundation for strengthening Result Based ... Ethiopian government recognized the importance of improving ...... finance process. 4. Project process. (research and consultancy). Low frequency, request arrival is random, time interval between two requests can be very.

Financing Sustainable Small-Scale Forestry: Lessons from Developing National Forest Financing Strategies in Latin America

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Herman Savenije

2010-12-01

Full Text Available The problems that hamper the financing of sustainable forest management (SFM are manifold and complex. However, forestry is also facing unprecedented opportunities. The multiple functions and values of forests are increasingly recognized as part of the solution to pressing global issues (e.g., climate change, energy scarcity, poverty, environmental degradation, biodiversity loss and raw material supply. Emerging initiatives to enhance forest carbon stocks and cut greenhouse gas emissions associated with forest clearing (known as REDD+, together with voluntary carbon markets, are offering additional funding options for SFM. Indigenous peoples, local communities and small scale farmers feature as key players in the discourse on implementing such initiatives. Based on the experience of countries developing national forest financing strategies and instruments, we suggest the following points be considered when financing such initiatives, particularly for small scale forestry: (1 Integrate financing of REDD+ and similar initiatives within broader national strategies for SFM financing; (2 Design REDD+ finance mechanisms that are ‘community ready’, i.e., tailored to local realities; (3 Consider existing livelihood strategies as the starting point; (4 Build on existing structures, but be mindful of their strengths and weaknesses; (5 Be strategic with your priority actions; and (6 Promote innovation, knowledge sharing and information exchange.

Business model and problem about the radioactive wastes management

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yoshida, Norimasa; Torii, Hiroyuki

2007-01-01

The PFI (Private Finance Initiative) is a new method to construct, maintain and manage public facilities by using private capital, management skills, and technical abilities. This article described business model and related problem for making use of PFI for the management of low-level radioactive wastes produced at reactors and nuclear fuel facilities of research institutes, universities and others. This service projects could provide public services with higher quality while reducing the business costs to the country and the local authority. Social impacts, business models and risks of the projects had been assessed. (T. Tanaka)

The Design and Risk Management of Structured Finance Vehicles

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sanjiv Das

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Special investment vehicles (SIVs, extremely popular financial structures for the creation of highly-rated tranched securities, experienced spectacular demise in the 2007-2008 financial crisis. These financial vehicles epitomize the shadow banking sector, characterized by high leverage, undiversified asset pools, and long-dated assets supported by short-term debt, thus bearing material rollover risk on their liabilities which led to defeasance. This paper models these vehicles, and shows that imposing leverage risk control triggers can be optimal for all capital providers, though they may not always be appropriate. The efficacy of these risk controls varies depending on anticipated asset volatility and fire-sale discounts on defeasance. Despite risk management controls, we show that a high failure rate is inherent in the design of these vehicles, and may be mitigated to some extent by including contingent capital provisions in the ex-ante covenants. Post the recent subprime financial crisis, we inform the creation of safer SIVs in structured finance, and propose avenues of mitigating risks faced by senior debt through deleveraging policies in the form of leverage risk controls and contingent capital.

Nuclear fuel financing by USA investor-owned utilities

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cave, W.F.

1981-01-01

Investor-owned utilities in the USA currently have almost 60 nuclear plants in commercial operation and an additional 90 plants under construction or awaiting operating licenses. To understand the specific techniques implemented to finance nuclear fuel and the advantages which they provide to individual companies, the total financing needs of the industry, the traditional pattern which utility external financing has taken, and the varied financial and regulatory bodies whose often conflicting objectives management must attempt to reconcile, must be understood. The aim of this paper is to aid such an understanding. The subject is discussed under the following headings: industry background; regulation and rating agencies; management objectives; financing structure; advantages (low financing cost; regulatory treatment; freer nature of agreement; access to commercial paper market; appropriate financing time-span; rating benefits; accounting treatment); conclusions. (U.K.)

Crowdinvesting-an alternative financing for German start-up enterprises?

OpenAIRE

Schütte, Sven

2016-01-01

Creation of young and innovational ventures is becoming more and more attrac-tive for potential business founders, due to beneficial political and economic frame conditions. Nevertheless, the issue of funding the project is concerning most of entrepreneurs: Because relatively weak own financial backings seldom suffice until profitability stage, founders are depending on external financial support in order to cover an arising equity gap. Here, established traditional forms of financing ca...

DEBT MATURITY STRUCTURE IN PROJECT FINANCING%项目融资中的负债期限结构

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

黄福广

2001-01-01

在债券平均到期期限的基础上，提出现金流的弹性概念，并据此探讨了项目融资结构中负债期限结构问题．研究结果表明，在项目融资结构中，负债期限结构与负债容量密切相关．项目负债比率低，应倾向于长期负债；相反，应倾向于短期负债．%Based on the concept of debt duration,this paper proposes the elasticity of cash flow.Then,the debt maturity structure in project financing is discussed.The results show that in the project financing structure,the debt maturity structure is closely related with debt capacity.Higher debt ratio requires short-term debt,and vise versa.

International Business and Global Climate Change

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kolk, A.; Pinkse, J.

2008-11-15

Climate change has become an important topic on the business agenda with strong pressure being placed on companies to respond and contribute to finding solutions to this urgent problem. This text provides a comprehensive analysis of international business responses to global climate change and climate change policy. Embedded in relevant management literature, this book gives a concise treatment of developments in policy and business activity on global, regional and national levels, using examples and systematic data from a large number of international companies. The first part outlines the international climate policy landscape and voluntary initiatives taken by companies, both alone and together with others. The second part examines companies' strategies, covering innovation for climate change, as well as compensation via emissions trading and carbon offsetting. Written by well-known experts in the field, International Business and Global Climate Change illustrates how an environmental topic becomes strategically important in a mainstream sense, affecting corporate decision-making, business processes, products, reputation, advertising, communication, accounting and finance.

International Business and Global Climate Change

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kolk, A.; Pinkse, J.

2008-11-01

Climate change has become an important topic on the business agenda with strong pressure being placed on companies to respond and contribute to finding solutions to this urgent problem. This text provides a comprehensive analysis of international business responses to global climate change and climate change policy. Embedded in relevant management literature, this book gives a concise treatment of developments in policy and business activity on global, regional and national levels, using examples and systematic data from a large number of international companies. The first part outlines the international climate policy landscape and voluntary initiatives taken by companies, both alone and together with others. The second part examines companies' strategies, covering innovation for climate change, as well as compensation via emissions trading and carbon offsetting. Written by well-known experts in the field, International Business and Global Climate Change illustrates how an environmental topic becomes strategically important in a mainstream sense, affecting corporate decision-making, business processes, products, reputation, advertising, communication, accounting and finance

Energy Finance Data Warehouse Manual

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lee, Sangkeun [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Chinthavali, Supriya [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Shankar, Mallikarjun [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Zeng, Claire [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Hendrickson, Stephen [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

2016-11-30

The Office of Energy Policy and Systems Analysis s finance team (EPSA-50) requires a suite of automated applications that can extract specific data from a flexible data warehouse (where datasets characterizing energy-related finance, economics and markets are maintained and integrated), perform relevant operations and creatively visualize them to provide a better understanding of what policy options affect various operators/sectors of the electricity system. In addition, the underlying data warehouse should be structured in the most effective and efficient way so that it can become increasingly valuable over time. This report describes the Energy Finance Data Warehouse (EFDW) framework that has been developed to accomplish the defined requirement above. We also specifically dive into the Sankey generator use-case scenario to explain the components of the EFDW framework and their roles. An excel-based data warehouse was used in the creation of the energy finance Sankey diagram and other detailed data finance visualizations to support energy policy analysis. The framework also captures the methodology, calculations and estimations analysts used for the calculation as well as relevant sources so newer analysts can build on work done previously.

Business Organisational Structures of Global Companies: Use of the Territorial Model to Ensure Long-Term Growth

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hana Stverkova

2018-06-01

Full Text Available In today’s turbulently expanding business environment, during the fourth industrial revolution, it is necessary to respond to market trends and to adapt strategy and organisational structure appropriately. The article is focused on the reorganisation and optimisation of the business organisation structure of global companies. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and evaluate the use of the territorial business structure, within the framework of a global company, based on experimental research. Experiences with the introduction of a territorial organisational structure in a corporate enterprise have proven to be highly effective long-term, with productivity and sales volumes increasing. This territorial setting can be considered as a competitive advantage, which matches predicted market trends and is suitable for global businesses.

The Role of Eportfolios in Finance Studies: A Cross-Country Study

Science.gov (United States)

Domínguez, Amparo S.; Morales, Lucía; Tarkovska, Valentina

2014-01-01

This study explores the use of ePortfolios as an efficient assessment tool to support students pursuing a Business degree, where Finance is a major component. We conducted an analysis on the role of ePortfolios in Higher Education at Dublin Institute of Technology (Republic of Ireland) and at Universitat Jaume I (Spain) for undergraduate studies.…

78 FR 77770 - Ironwood Equity Fund, LP; Notice Seeking Exemption Under Section 312 of the Small Business...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-12-24

... proposes to Finance a small business in which its Associate Ironwood Mezzanine Fund II, LP has an equity... SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION [ License No. 01171-0406] Ironwood Equity Fund, LP; Notice Seeking Exemption Under Section 312 of the Small Business Investment Act, Conflicts of Interest Notice is hereby...

An Analysis of U.S. Business Schools' Catalogs, Application Packages, and Program Materials from an International Perspective.

Science.gov (United States)

Webb, Marion S.; Mayer, Kenneth R.; Pioche, Virginie

1999-01-01

Catalogs, application packages, and program materials from 106 business schools were analyzed to determine the degree of international coverage in business schools' curricula. Findings indicated a trend to require international functional courses, such as international finance, in the traditional Master in business administration programs and to…

Financing the UK power sector: Is the money available?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)