Reframing Stability Operations: using Social Science to Identify Pillars of Stability Operations to Bridge the Gap Between the Principles of Joint Operations and Stability Operations Framework

Science.gov (United States)

2009-12-11

anthropologists refer to mobility as a critical element to the human existence, though in doing so, they use the term in different ways. Malinowski ...Bronislaw Malinowski and Len Doyal and Ian Gough go further to specify what functions societies must implement to ensure individuals can meet these...work theorizes on basic needs by synthesizing the works of Malinowski , Abraham Maslow, Doyal and Gough, and Amartya Kumar Sen. This piece elaborates on

Poland at CERN

CERN Multimedia

CERN Press Office. Geneva

2000-01-01

On 17 October 2000, the second Polish industrial and technological exhibition opens at CERN*. The first one was held five years ago and nine of the companies that were present then have come back again this year. Six of those companies were awarded contracts with CERN in 1995. Three Polish officials were present at the Opening Ceremony today: Mrs Malgorzata Kozlowska, Under-secretary of State in the State Committee for Scientific Research, Mr Henryk Ogryczak, Under-secretary of State in Ministry of Economy and Prof. Jerzy Niewodniczanski, President of National Atomic Energy Agency.

Subkultura mládeže: Skauting v kulturologické reflexi

OpenAIRE

Rambousková, Anna

2013-01-01

The bachelor thesis deals with the analysis of the phenomenon of scouting. The aim of this thesis is answer the question, whether scouting can be regarded as a subculture and so contribute to understanding of scouting itself. In first charter terms culture, subculture and youth subculture are defined. Following part presents the organization Scout - association of boy scouts and girl scouts of the Czech Republic. It uses the structure of institution proposed by Bronislaw Malinowski. The main ...

Response to “Oral health in the elderly patient and its impact on general well-being: a nonsystematic review” paper

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Muc-Wierzgoń M

2015-05-01

Full Text Available Malgorzata Muc-Wierzgoń, Teresa Kokot, Ewa Nowakowska-Zajdel, Adam Błażelonis, Edyta Fatyga Department of Internal Medicine, Silesian Medical University, Bytom, PolandDear editorGil-Montoya et al has recently published an interesting article in Clinical Interventions in Aging entitled: “Oral health in the elderly patient and its impact on general well-being: a nonsystematic review”.1 Authors presented a non-systematic review of the published data regarding the oral health status of the elderly and its main repercussions, including its impact on general health and nutrition.View original paper by Gil-Montoya and colleagues.

as idéias de Bronislaw Malinowski e Paulo Freire

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Mauricio Rodrigues de Souza

2006-01-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo analiza las ideas de Malinowski y Paulo Freire, proponiendo algunas proximidades entre la antropología y la pedagogía. Entre las posibilidades resultantes de tal encuentro, una ciertamente merece destaque: la recomendación de que antropólogos y profesores respeten siempre el “saber-hacer” comunitario y previamente adquirido por sus respectivos respectivos otros, alumnos o “nativos”, como un verdadero punto de partida para la construcción de la ciencia. De esta forma se puede pensar que en ambas disciplinas el conocimiento camina junto a un respeto por la alteridad, lección ésta que ellas deben compartir no solamente con otras áreas del saber, mas especialmente con la comunidad más amplia.

La corrispondenza Malinowski-Reich

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Carlos Liendro

2004-06-01

Full Text Available Nel libro 'Reich habla de Freud' compaiono cinque lettere che si scambiarono l'antropologo Broni-slaw Malinowski e lo psichiatra Wilhelm Reich. Le date approssimative si collocano tra il 1938 ed il 1942, anno in cui l'autore di 'Sexo y represiòn en la sociedad primitiva' morì. Da questa corri-spondenza si possono ricavare tre scenari: la situazione che stavano attraversando entrambi gli scien-ziati nei loro rispetti percorsi; il funzionalismo come teoria centrale dei rispettivi lavori; le sue con-seguenze e ripercussioni.

JIMENO, Myriam; MURILLO, Sandra Liliana & MARTÍNEZ, Marco Julián (eds.). 2012. Etnografías contemporáneas: Trabajo de campo

OpenAIRE

Souza, Marcos Santana de

2018-01-01

A etnografia ganhou importância a partir dos trabalhos de Bronislaw Malinowski e de seus discípulos, que impulsionaram o desenvolvimento do método durante a chamada fase moderna da antropologia. Desde então, a etnografia, que inicialmente se referia à “descrição dos significados de um determinado grupo”, superou os limites dessa definição e do próprio pensamento antropológico e passou a ser utilizada com maior frequência no âmbito das ciências humanas e sociais, ainda que continue sendo vista...

The role of interaction in neutrino statistics. In memory of Bronislaw Kuchowicz

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Deppert, W.

1980-04-01

The paper sets out to examine the role of interaction in neutrino statistics with the aid of the MATSUBARA method for calculation of thermodynamic potentials. For this purpose, a first step involves the use of the V-A interaction Hamilton operator. Estimations show that the relative effects of this interaction cannot exceed the very small value of 10 - 6 . In a second step it is shown that even by using the Hamilton operator of the Weinberg-Salam theory this result does not change. This means that the neutrino statistics calculated by Kuchowicz do not need to be revised as a result of interaction effects. Discussions are made on the possibility of symmetry restoring at a critical temperature kTsub(c) approx.= 100 GeV. This idea is extended to the grand unification scheme and some speculative conclusions are drawn. (author)

James Clifford's Influence on Bronislaw Malinowski: The Moral Implications of Intertemporal Heterarchy

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Miloš Milenković

2016-02-01

Full Text Available Drawing on the explanation already offered for the confusion of positivism with realism in the epistemological imagination of the author and founder of postmodern anthropology, the paper analyzes the moral implications of dealing with problems characteristic of the philosophy of science by literary-theoretical means. The transdisciplinary migration of "realism" from literary theory to social science methodology has produced a whole new history of anthropology. The history of pre-postmodern anthropology constructed in this manner can be said to fit the register of some sort of comparative-cultural theory of retroactive moral judgement, complementing postmodern anthropology as a general theory of writing by political subjects, so that the theoretical-methodological dilemmas of postmodern anthropology do not constitute proof of the legitimacy of a holistic interpretation of the discipline’s founders’ intentions, but rather lead to neo-pyrrhonic, formalistic endeavours to uphold, by respecting academic trappings, the academic authority of the discipline whose subject, method and purpose, as a rule, even colleagues from adjacent departments for various reasons fail to understand. In the paper, evidence for this is derived from Clifford's writing of Malinowski, and the moral implications of the unfortunate analogy between the writing of political subjects and the writing of disciplinary founders are followed through. The paper then goes on to explain that the critique of the possibilities of misuse, particularly through political instrumentalization, of anthropological fictions as evidence of Others did not have to come at the cost of sacrificing the semblance of continuity in the establishment of anthropology as a proper academic discipline.

Escribir la antropología: del texto al contexto

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Bruno Lutz

2008-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar que el contexto de la escritura de las narraciones antropológicas tiene una influencia determinante sobre su clasificación como texto científico. En el análisis de obras seleccionadas de Bronislaw Malinowski, Lévi-Strauss, Marc Augé y Nigel Barley, descubrimos que el estatus y prestigio de cada uno de los autores influenciaron el destino académico de sus respectivas narrativas. Asimismo, se presentarán los resultados de la exploración de algunos de los senderos epistemológicos del saber antropológico, resaltando el peso determinante del constructo social de las condiciones de publicación.

DE MALINOWSKI AOS PÓS-MODERNOS: UMA BREVE REFLEXÃO ACERCA DA PESQUISA ETNOGRÁFICA NA ANTROPOLOGIA

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Vanessa Silva dos Santos

2017-02-01

Full Text Available O presente ensaio busca refletir acerca do método etnográfico ela- borado por Bronislaw Malinowski (1976 [1922], enfatizando as contribuições do autor, sem perder de vista as dinâmicas que vêm ocorrendo no tipo de análise por ele inaugurada. Esse texto resulta de uma revisão bibliográfica, ao revisitarmos alguns dos vários autores que vêm se debruçando analiticamente sobre o método etnográfico e a pesquisa de campo. Dessa forma, defendemos as contribuições metodológicas sistematizadas por Malinowski, sem perder de vista as críticas contemporâneas acerca dos limites dessa obra.

Focusing on fieldwork: Edvard Westermarck and Hilma Granqvist – before and after Bronislaw Malinowski

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Kirsti Suolinna

2016-08-01

Full Text Available The purpose of this essay is to look at the results of two Finnish fieldworkers, with the history of the social anthropological research as background. By Finnish norms Edward Westermarck's academic career was impressive, but his pupil Hilma Granqvist was obliged to work mostly outside the academic world. Both of them did their fieldwork in countries, where the Islamic religion had a strong influence. Westermarck worked in Morocco, and Granqvist in Palestine. All in all both Westermarck and Granqvist made a strong contribution to research with the methods that were available to them. Prior to Malinowski doing his fieldwork Westermarck emphasized the importance of learning the local languages and of getting thoroughly acquainted with the environment, in which one did research. Granqvist independently took the initiative to report results of observations, and to give statistical information about the society, where she did her research. Both published a lot and our evaluation should not be blinded by differences in style or ways to record the results.

Polish Industry and Art at CERN

CERN Multimedia

2000-01-01

On 17 October 2000 the second Polish industrial and technological exhibition opened at CERN. The first one was held five years ago and nine of the companies that were present then have come back again this year. Six of those companies were awarded contracts with CERN in 1995. Three Polish officials were present at the Opening Ceremony today: Mrs Malgorzata Kozlowska, Under-secretary of State in the State Committee for Scientific Research, Mr Henryk Ogryczak, Under-secretary of State in Ministry of Economy and Prof. Jerzy Niewodniczanski, President of National Atomic Energy Agency. Professor Luciano Maiani welcomed the Polish delegation to CERN and stressed the important contribution of Polish scientists and industrialists to the work of the laboratory. Director General Luciano Maiani (back left) and head of SPL division Karl-Heinz Kissler (back right) visit the Poland at CERN exhibition… The exhibition offers Polish companies the opportunity to establish professional contacts with CERN. Nineteen companies...

Introduction to geometric nonlinear control; Linearization, observability, decoupling

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Respondek, W [Laboratoire de Mathematiques, INSA de Rouen (France)

2002-07-15

These notes are devoted to the problems of linearization, observability, and decoupling of nonlinear control systems. Together with notes of Bronislaw Jakubczyk in the same volume, they form an introduction to geometric methods in nonlinear control theory. In the first part we discuss equivalence of control systems. We consider various aspects of the problem: state-space and feedback equivalence, local and global equivalence, equivalence to linear and partially linear systems. In the second part we present the notion of observability and give a geometric rank condition for local observability and an algebraic characterization of local observability. We discuss unm observability, decompositions of non-observable systems, and properties of generic observable systems. In the third part we introduce the notion of invariant distributions and discuss disturbance decoupling and input-output decoupling. Many concepts and results are illustrated with examples. (author)

Effects of intravitreal ranibizumab on the untreated eye and systemic gene expression profile in age-related macular degeneration

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Michalska-Małecka K

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Katarzyna Michalska-Małecka,1,2 Adam Kabiesz,2 Malgorzata W Kimsa,3 Barbara Strzałka-Mrozik,3 Maria Formińska-Kapuścik,2,4 Malgorzata Nita,5 Urszula Mazurek31Clinical Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland; 2University Center for Ophthalmology and Oncology, Independent Public Clinical Hospital, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland; 3Department of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland; 4Clinical Department of Children Ophthalmology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland; 5Domestic and Specialized Medicine Centre “Dilmed”, Katowice, PolandAbstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the systemic effects of intravitreal ranibizumab (Lucentis treatment in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD. The impact of intravitreal ranibizumab injections on central retinal thickness (CRT of treated and contralateral untreated eyes, and differences in gene expression patterns in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells were analyzed. The study included 29 patients aged 50 years old and over with diagnosed neovascular AMD. The treatment was defined as 0.5 mg of ranibizumab injected intravitreally in the form of one injection every month during the period of 3 months. CRT was measured by optical coherence tomography. The gene expression profile was assigned using oligonucleotide microarrays of Affymetrix HG-U133A. Studies have shown that there was a change of CRT between treated and untreated eyes, and there were differences in CRT at baseline and after 1, 2, and 3 months of ranibizumab treatment. Three months after intravitreal injection, mean CRT was reduced in the treated eyes from 331.97±123.62 to 254.31±58.75 µm, while mean CRT in the untreated fellow eyes reduced from 251.07±40.29 to 235.45±36.21 µm at the same time. Furthermore, the research has shown

What binds Bronisław Malinowski with social networks?

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Zbigniew Meger

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Bronislaw Malinowski, a Polish anthropologist, ethnologist and sociologist, is the father of phatic communication. He has defined and described for the first time a phatic function of language and its importance in societies with low levels of development. As it turns, the phatic communication, which does not transfer any content, is also present today, and even - due social networks portals - comes into new stage of development. Although an impression that the phatic communication has low importance, it plays an important role in society. Also in educational activities this communication has an impact on interpersonal relationships. Through it, people better cooperate with each other and create groups of collaborating individuals. In this way are also built relationships between students and the educational institutions. They are also generated positive emotions which help in all processes of learning. Generally, the phatic communication can have a positive influence on educational processes.

TRADISI KISIK-KISIK DALAM MASYARAKAT MUSLIM TANJUNGBALAI ASAHAN

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Husnel Anwar Matondang

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Kisik-Kisik Tradition in Tanjung Balai Muslim Community. Tanjungbalai Community in Asahan as the actors of kisik-kisik ritual believe that the diseases suffered by humans always understood in two sides of interaction, that is the bodies diseases may affect the psyche (mind/spirit and the soul diseases (mind can also affect the bodies healthy (bodies. The magic solution that allows people is kisik-kisik, that is a ceremony to call spirit (ruh that have been lost or away from the body of person who is sick to become healthy. In explaining the system of kisik-kisik belief used functionalist theory by Bronislaw Malinowski, that society is seen as a functional totality, the entire customs and practices must be understood in totality context and explained by looking at the function for the communities who studied. From this study, it was found that the kisik-kisik ritual came from animism which became an ancestor’s belief of Tanjungbalai people in Asahan. However, it still practiced, although Tanjungbalai people have embraced Islam.

Highly biocompatible, nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite synthesized in a solvothermal process driven by high energy density microwave radiation

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Smolen D

2013-02-01

Full Text Available Dariusz Smolen1, Tadeusz Chudoba1, Iwona Malka1, Aleksandra Kedzierska1, Witold Lojkowski1, Wojciech Swieszkowski2, Krzysztof Jan Kurzydlowski2, Malgorzata Kolodziejczyk-Mierzynska3, Malgorzata Lewandowska-Szumiel31Polish Academy of Science, Institute of High Pressure Physics, Warsaw, Poland; 2Faculty of Materials Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland; 3Department of Histology and Embryology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandAbstract: A microwave, solvothermal synthesis of highly biocompatible hydroxyapatite (HAp nanopowder was developed. The process was conducted in a microwave radiation field having a high energy density of 5 W/mL and over a time less than 2 minutes. The sample measurements included: powder X-ray diffraction, density, specific surface area, and chemical composition. The morphology and structure were investigated by scanning electron microscopy as well as transmission electron microscopy (TEM. The thermal behavior analysis was conducted using a simultaneous thermal analysis technique coupled with quadruple mass spectrometry. Additionally, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy tests of heated samples were performed. A degradation test and a biocompatibility study in vitro using human osteoblast cells were also conducted. The developed method enables the synthesis of pure, fully crystalline hexagonal HAp nanopowder with a specific surface area close to 240 m2/g and a Ca/P molar ratio equal to 1.57. TEM measurements showed that this method results in particles with an average grain size below 6 nm. A 28-day degradation test conducted according to the ISO standard indicated a 22% loss of initial weight and a calcium ion concentration at 200 µmol/dm3 in the tris(hydroxymethylaminomethane hydrochloride test solution. The cytocompatibility of the obtained material was confirmed in a culture of human bone derived cells, both in an indirect test using the material

Design and characteristics of cytotoxic fibroblast growth factor 1 conjugate for fibroblast growth factor receptor-targeted cancer therapy

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Szlachcic A

2016-08-01

Full Text Available Anna Szlachcic, Malgorzata Zakrzewska, Michal Lobocki, Piotr Jakimowicz, Jacek Otlewski Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland Abstract: Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs are attractive candidate cancer therapy targets as they are overexpressed in multiple types of tumors, such as breast, prostate, bladder, and lung cancer. In this study, a natural ligand of FGFR, an engineered variant of fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1V, was conjugated to a potent cytotoxic drug, monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE, and used as a targeting agent for cancer cells overexpressing FGFRs, similar to antibodies in antibody–drug conjugates. The FGF1V–valine–citrulline–MMAE conjugate showed a favorable stability profile, bound FGFRs on the cell surface specifically, and efficiently released the drug (MMAE upon cleavage by the lysosomal protease cathepsin B. Importantly, the conjugate showed a prominent cytotoxic effect toward cell lines expressing FGFR. FGF1V–vcMMAE was highly cytotoxic at concentrations even an order of magnitude lower than those found for free MMAE. This effect was FGFR-specific as cells lacking FGFR did not show any increased mortality. Keywords: fibroblast growth factor 1, FGF receptor, targeted cancer therapy, cytotoxic conjugates, FGFR-dependent cancer, MMAE, auristatin

Introduzione. Su Dio e i suoi uomini e i nostri sacrifici - Introduction. On God and His Men and Our Sacrifices

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Antonio Luigi Palmisano

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Anthropology has maybe too often confined itself in an analysis of liturgies and rituals – ideal or actual behaviours which are acknowledged by the social actor as addressed to supernatural beings or agents –, providing extraordinarily precise descriptions but renouncing to comprehend and relate the discourse on Man about himself -and implicitly about God- which is nevertheless traceable in all societies. Anthropology has avoided confrontation with the theologies, although present in all societies and inscribed in cosmogonies, theogonies, anthropogonies, ethnogonies, of which amazingly rich mythologies bear much more than plain traces. Anthropology has done so because it has given way to tekhne which is rampant nowadays. It has surrendered to tekhne because tekhne allows the elision of doubt. And yet, no matter how much one technifies it, anthropology does only exist as complementary to theology and vice versa, at least since the beginning of history. This relation was very clear to scholars such as Bronislaw Malinowski, Maurice Leenhard, Marcel Mauss or Meyer Fortes. After all, has there ever been a liturgy without a theology, a ritual without a cosmology? A sacrifice without a God, no matter how small? Sacrifice is a ritual par excellence.

Personal equations: reflections on the history of fieldwork, with special reference to sociocultural anthropology.

Science.gov (United States)

Kuklick, Henrika

2011-03-01

In the latter part of the nineteenth century, diverse sciences grounded in natural history made a virtue of field research that somehow tested scientists' endurance; disciplinary change derived from the premise that witnesses were made reliable by character-molding trials. The turn to the field was a function of structural transformations in various quarters, including (but hardly limited to) global politics, communications systems, and scientific institutions, and it conduced to biogeographical explanations, taxonomic schemes that admitted of heterogeneity, and affective research styles. Sociocultural anthropology, which took specialized shape at the beginning of the twentieth century, shared many properties with other field sciences, but its method--participant observation-was distinctive. Critical to the method's definition were the efforts of the British experimental psychologist-anthropologist W. H. R. Rivers, who relied on notions then widespread in Europe and the United States. The discipline's future mythic hero, Bronislaw Malinowski, embraced Rivers's model. For both men, proper fieldwork meant using the researcher's body as an instrument and entailed understanding both the anthropologist's body and the research subject's body as energy systems; this symmetry facilitated a relativist perspective. Participant observation remains central to sociocultural anthropology, but the discipline's pedagogic habits contributed to loss of memory of its energetic conceptualization.

'Freud's speculations in ethnology': A reflection on anthropology's encounter with psychoanalysis.

Science.gov (United States)

Rivera, Patrick S

2017-06-01

In the early 20th century, many analysts - Freud and Ernest Jones in particular - were confident that cultural anthropologists would demonstrate the universal nature of the Oedipus complex and other unconscious phenomena. Collaboration between the two disciplines, however, was undermined by a series of controversies surrounding the relationship between psychology and culture. This paper re-examines the three episodes that framed anthropology's early encounter with psychoanalysis, emphasizing the important works and their critical reception. Freud's Totem and Taboo began the interdisciplinary dialogue, but it was Bronislaw Malinowski's embrace of psychoanalysis - a development anticipated through a close reading of his personal diaries - that marked a turning point in relations between the two disciplines. Malinowski argued that an avuncular (rather than an Oedipal) complex existed in the Trobriand Islands. Ernest Jones' critical dismissal of this theory alienated Malinowski from psychoanalysis and ended ethnographers' serious exploration of Freudian thought. A subsequent ethnographic movement, 'culture and personality,' was erroneously seen by many anthropologists as a product of Freudian theory. When 'culture and personality' was abandoned, anthropologists believed that psychoanalysis had been discredited as well - a narrative that still informs the historiography of the discipline and its rejection of psychoanalytical theory. Copyright © 2017 Institute of Psychoanalysis.

Notes of Karol Górski in archival collections of the Archive of the General Congregation of Saint Michael the Archangel in Marki regarding Blessed Bronisław Markiewicz and his pupils

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Roman Majka CSMA

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Professor Karol Górski (1903-1988 was an expert on spirituality in Poland, and an author of many publications, such as An outline of the history of spirituality in Poland published in Krakow in 1986. Professor was inspired by the Michaelite spirituality, while exploring the life and work of the founder of Michaelite Fathers - Blessed Father Bronislaw Markiewicz (1842-1912. Presently, Father Markiewicz's selected academic works and research material are preserved in Archive of the General Congregation of St. Michael the Archangel in Marki near Warsaw. Among many Górski's publications is an article The inner life of fr. Bronisław Markiewicz published in the journal "Our Past", Vol. 23, 1966, p. 239-278. Remaining in the collection are notes handwritten by Górski kept as "Calendarium", which attest to his thoroughness and diligence in research. Collected materials carefully prepared with the aim to enable most accurate reconstruction of the events of the Education Service of Miejsce Piastowe describe the life and work of the Blessed Markiewicz and his first pupils. Sustained contact of Górski with Michaelite Fathers is confirmed in preserved correspondence, especially the letters of fr. Valerian Moroz CSMA (1919-2005. Professor, drawing from the history of spirituality in Poland, read the current issues of the Church and was highly respectful of family values and providing care of poor people in need of help.

De Bronislaw Malinowski à Virginia Henderson: révélation sur l'origine anthropologique d'un modèle de soins infirmiers

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NICOLAS VONARX

2010-10-01

Full Text Available Le modèle des quatorze besoins fondamentaux de Virginia Henderson est sûrement le plus populaire des modèles de soins chez les infirmières d'ici et d'ailleurs. Par contre, son origine et les grandes inspirations d'Henderson dans l'élaboration de son modèle sont mal connues. Ce texte lève en quelque sorte le voile à ce sujet en montrant que ce modèle trouve sa source en anthropologie et qu'il entretient de très fortes correspondances avec les éléments clefs retrouvés dans les travaux de l'anthropologue Malinowski. En retraçant et en revenant sur ces correspondances, voire sur les emprunts qu'aurait faits Henderson des travaux de Malinowski, nous trouvons dans ce texte une bonne occasion de souligner la part des savoirs empruntés, et notamment des savoirs anthropo-sociologiques, au sein de la discipline infirmière.

The spaces in the looking glass: stilling the frame/framing the still

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Marvin E. Kirsh

2015-06-01

Full Text Available The purpose of this writing is to propose a frame of view, a form as the eternal world element, that is compatible with paradox within the history of ideas, modern discovery as they confront one another. Under special consideration are problems of representation of phenomena, life, the cosmos as the rational facility of mind confronts the physical/perceptual, and itself. Current topics in pursuit are near as diverse and numbered as are the possibilities for a world composed strictly of uniqueness able to fill infinite space; it is assumed that not all of the paths chosen in contemporary pursuits will produce coherent determinations in an appropriate frame able to accommodate a world of nominals in motion, containing motion, and is commensurate with basic physical law and the propagation of form, change from within. Intended as a potential guiding post for the aim of reason seeking to select, define and capture topics, chosen as special examples are the works of logistician/mathematician Lewis Carroll as he presents a paradox of actuality verses the reality of perception in Alice in Wonderland, the theory of relativity of Albert Einstein as he fails to elaborate a mathematics to communicate an inertial frame of reference, and the reconstruction ideas of Jacques Derrida as he refers for contrast with the scientific world view constructed of dualisms, monisms that are conceived to have no opposites. Supporting discussion is evolved from the works of Bertrand Russell, Erwin Schrodinger, Jurgen Habermas, Bronislaw Malinowski, Michel Foucault.

Dormancy in breast cancer

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Banys M

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Malgorzata Banys,1,2 Andreas D Hartkopf,1 Natalia Krawczyk,1 Tatjana Kaiser,1 Franziska Meier-Stiegen,1 Tanja Fehm,1 Hans Neubauer11Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Marienkrankenhaus Hamburg, Hamburg, GermanyAbstract: Tumor dormancy describes a prolonged quiescent state in which tumor cells are present, but disease progression is not yet clinically apparent. Breast cancer is especially known for long asymptomatic periods, up to 25 years, with no evidence of the disease, followed by a relapse. Factors that determine the cell's decision to enter a dormant state and that control its duration remain unclear. In recent years, considerable progress has been made in understanding how tumor cells circulating in the blood interact and extravasate into secondary sites and which factors might determine whether these cells survive, remain dormant, or become macrometastases. The mechanisms of tumor cell dormancy are still not clear. Two different hypotheses are currently discussed: tumor cells persist either by completely withdrawing from the cell cycle or by continuing to proliferate at a slow rate that is counterbalanced by cell death. Because dormant disseminated tumor cells may be the founders of metastasis, one hypothesis is that dormant tumor cells, or at least a fraction of them, share stem cell-like characteristics that may be responsible for their long half-lives and their suggested resistance to standard chemotherapy. Therefore, knowledge of the biology of tumor cell dormancy may be the basis from which to develop innovative targeted therapies to control or eliminate this tumor cell fraction. In this review, we discuss biological mechanisms and clinical implications of tumor dormancy in breast cancer patients.Keywords: tumor dormancy, disseminated tumor cell, circulating tumor cell, targeted therapy

Fast-degrading PLA/ORMOGLASS fibrous composite scaffold leads to a calcium-rich angiogenic environment

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Sachot N

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Nadège Sachot,1,2 Agata Roguska,3 Josep Anton Planell,1,2 Malgorzata Lewandowska,3 Elisabeth Engel,1,2,4 Oscar Castaño1,2,5,6 1Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC, Barcelona, 2CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Zaragoza, Spain; 3Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland; 4Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC, 5Department of Materials Science and Physical Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona (UB, 6Department of Engineerings: Electronics, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Abstract: The success of scaffold implantation in acellular tissue engineering approaches relies on the ability of the material to interact properly with the biological environment. This behavior mainly depends on the design of the graft surface and, more precisely, on its capacity to biodegrade in a well-defined manner (nature of ions released, surface-to-volume ratio, dissolution profile of this release, rate of material resorption, and preservation of mechanical properties. The assessment of the biological behavior of temporary templates is therefore very important in tissue engineering, especially for composites, which usually exhibit complicated degradation behavior. Here, blended polylactic acid (PLA calcium phosphate ORMOGLASS (organically modified glass nanofibrous mats have been incubated up to 4 weeks in physiological simulated conditions, and their morphological, topographical, and chemical changes have been investigated. The results showed that a significant loss of inorganic phase occurred at the beginning of the immersion and the ORMOGLASS maintained a stable composition afterward throughout the degradation period. As a whole, the nanostructured scaffolds underwent fast and heterogeneous degradation. This study reveals that an angiogenic calcium

Analysis of the relationships between edentulism, periodontal health, body composition, and bone mineral density in elderly women

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Ignasiak Z

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Zofia Ignasiak,1 Malgorzata Radwan-Oczko,2 Krystyna Rozek-Piechura,3 Marta Cholewa,4 Anna Skrzek,5 Tomasz Ignasiak,6 Teresa Slawinska1 1Department of Biostructure, University School of Physical Education, Wroclaw, Poland; 2Department of Periodontology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland; 3Department of Physiotherapy and Occupation Therapy in Internal Diseases, University School of Physical Education, Wroclaw, Poland; 4DENTARAMA Dentistry Center, Walbrzych, Poland; 5Department of Physiotherapy and Ocupation Therapy in Motor-System Dysfunction, University School of Physical Education, Wroclaw, Poland; 6Karkonosze State Higher School in Jelenia Gora, Jelenia Gora, Poland Objective: The relationship between bone mineral density (BMD and tooth loss in conjunction with periodontal disease is not clear. The suggested effects include alteration in bone remodeling rates as well as the multifaceted etiology of edentulism. There is also a question if other body-related variables besides BMD, such as body composition, may be associated with tooth number and general periodontal health. The aim of this study was to evaluate if tooth number and marginal periodontal status are associated with body composition and BMD in a sample of elderly women. Materials and methods: The study involved 91 postmenopausal women. Data included basic anthropometric characteristics, body composition via bioelectrical impedance analysis, and BMD analysis at the distal end of the radial bone of the nondominant arm via peripheral dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. A dental examination was performed to assess tooth number, periodontal pocket depth (PD, and gingival bleeding. Results: In nonosteoporotic women, a significant positive correlation was found between BMD and lean body mass, total body water, and muscle mass. The indicators of bone metabolism correlated negatively with PD. Such relationships did not appear in osteoporotic women. In both groups, basic anthropometric

Inflammatory etiopathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus: an update

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Podolska MJ

2015-08-01

Full Text Available Malgorzata J Podolska, Mona HC Biermann, Christian Maueröder, Jonas Hahn, Martin Herrmann Department of Internal Medicine 3, Institute for Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany Abstract: The immune system struggles every day between responding to foreign antigens and tolerating self-antigens to delicately maintain tissue homeostasis. If self-tolerance is broken, the development of autoimmunity can be the consequence, as it is in the case of the chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE. SLE is considered to be a multifactorial disease comprising various processes and cell types that act abnormally and in a harmful way. Oxidative stress, infections, or, in general, tissue injury are accompanied by massive cellular demise. Several processes such as apoptosis, necrosis, or NETosis (formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps [NETs] may occur alone or in combination. If clearance of dead cells is insufficient, cellular debris may accumulate and trigger inflammation and leakage of cytoplasmic and nuclear autoantigens like ribonucleoproteins, DNA, or histones. Inadequate removal of cellular remnants in the germinal centers of secondary lymphoid organs may result in the presentation of autoantigens by follicular dendritic cells to autoreactive B cells that had been generated by chance during the process of somatic hypermutation (loss of peripheral tolerance. The improper exposure of nuclear autoantigens in this delicate location is consequently prone to break self-tolerance to nuclear autoantigens. Indeed, the germline variants of autoantibodies often do not show autoreactivity. The subsequent production of autoantibodies plays a critical role in the development of the complex immunological disorder fostering SLE. Immune complexes composed of cell-derived autoantigens and autoantibodies are formed and get deposited in various tissues, such as the

Diet-induced metabolic hamster model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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Bhathena J

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Jasmine Bhathena, Arun Kulamarva, Christopher Martoni, Aleksandra Malgorzata Urbanska, Meenakshi Malhotra, Arghya Paul, Satya PrakashBiomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Artificial Cells and Organs Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, CanadaBackground: Obesity, hypercholesterolemia, elevated triglycerides, and type 2 diabetes are major risk factors for metabolic syndrome. Hamsters, unlike rats or mice, respond well to diet-induced obesity, increase body mass and adiposity on group housing, and increase food intake due to social confrontation-induced stress. They have a cardiovascular and hepatic system similar to that of humans, and can thus be a useful model for human pathophysiology.Methods: Experiments were planned to develop a diet-induced Bio F1B Golden Syrian hamster model of dyslipidemia and associated nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the metabolic syndrome. Hamsters were fed a normal control diet, a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet, a high-fat/high-cholesterol/methionine-deficient/choline-devoid diet, and a high-fat/high-cholesterol/choline-deficient diet. Serum total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, atherogenic index, and body weight were quantified biweekly. Fat deposition in the liver was observed and assessed following lipid staining with hematoxylin and eosin and with oil red O.Results: In this study, we established a diet-induced Bio F1B Golden Syrian hamster model for studying dyslipidemia and associated nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the metabolic syndrome. Hyperlipidemia and elevated serum glucose concentrations were induced using this diet. Atherogenic index was elevated, increasing the risk for a cardiovascular event. Histological analysis of liver specimens at the end of four weeks showed increased fat deposition in the liver of animals fed

Efficacy of radiosensitizing doped titania nanoparticles under hypoxia and preparation of an embolic microparticle

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Morrison RA

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Rachel A Morrison,1,* Malgorzata J Rybak-Smith,1,* James M Thompson,2 Bénédicte Thiebaut,3 Mark A Hill,2 Helen E Townley1,4 1Department of Engineering Science, 2Gray Laboratories, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, 3Johnson Matthey, Technology Centre, Reading, Berkshire, 4Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK *These authors have contributed equally to this work Abstract: The aim of this study was to develop a manufacturing protocol for large-scale production of doped titania radiosensitizing nanoparticles (NPs to establish their activity under hypoxia and to produce a multimodal radiosensitizing embolic particle for cancer treatment. We have previously shown that radiosensitizing NPs can be synthesized from titania doped with rare earth elements, especially gadolinium. To translate this technology to the clinic, a crucial step is to find a suitable, scalable, high-throughput method. Herein, we have described the use of flame spray pyrolysis (FSP to generate NPs from titanium and gadolinium precursors to produce titania NPs doped with 5 at% gadolinium. The NPs were fully characterized, and their capacity to act as radiosensitizers was confirmed by clonogenic assays. The integrity of the NPs in vitro was also ascertained due to the potentially adverse effects of free gadolinium in the body. The activity of the NPs was then studied under hypoxia since this is often a barrier to effective radiotherapy. In vitro radiosensitization experiments were performed with both the hypoxia mimetics deferoxamine and cobalt chloride and also under true hypoxia (oxygen concentration of 0.2%. It was shown that the radiosensitizing NPs were able to cause a significant increase in cell death even after irradiation under hypoxic conditions such as those found in tumors. Subsequently, the synthesized NPs were used to modify polystyrene embolization

Godt Peer Gynt er halve verket (Phonetic and Phonological Questions from the Fourth Act of Ibsen's "Peer Gynt"); A Field Manual for Readers of "The Problem of Meaning in Primitive Languages" by Bronislaw Malinowski. ROLIG-papir, n 31.

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Haberland, Hartmut; Mey, Jacob L.

Two articles are included in this issue. The first article, written in Danish, focuses on an incident that occurs in the fourth act of Henrik Ibsen's play "Peer Gynt." A theory is put forth on why this particular incident, which involves the misinterpretation of the name Peer Gynt by the German character Begriffenfeldt, takes place. The…

Masseter muscle tension, chewing ability, and selected parameters of physical fitness in elderly care home residents in Lodz, Poland

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Gaszynska E

2014-07-01

Full Text Available Ewelina Gaszynska,1 Malgorzata Godala,2 Franciszek Szatko,1 Tomasz Gaszynski3 1Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion, Medical University of Lodz, Poland; 2Department of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland; 3Department of Emergency Medicine and Disaster Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Poland Background: Maintaining good physical fitness and oral function in old age is an important element of good quality of life. Disability-related impairment of oral function contributes to a deterioration of the diet of older people and to the reduction of their social activity.Objectives: Investigate the association between masseter muscle tension, dental status, and physical fitness parameters.Materials and methods: Two hundred fifty-nine elderly care home residents (97 men, 162 women; mean age, 75.3±8.9 years were involved in this cross-sectional study. Their chewing ability was evaluated by masseter muscle tension palpation, differences of masseter muscle thickness, self-reported chewing ability, number of present and functional teeth, and number of posterior tooth pairs. Masseter muscle thickness was measured by ultrasonography. To assess physical fitness, hand grip strength and the timed up-and-go test were performed. Nutritional status was assessed using body mass index and body cell mass index (BCMI, calculated on the basis of electrical bioimpedance measurements. Medical records were used to collect information on systemic diseases and the number of prescribed medications. Subjects were also evaluated for their ability to perform ten activities of daily living.Results: Ninety-seven percent of the subjects suffered from systemic diseases. The three most prevalent illnesses were cardiac/circulatory 64.5%, musculoskeletal 37.3%, and endocrine/metabolic/nutritional 29.3%. Of the participants, 1.5% were underweight and more than one third (34.4% were overweight. Malnutrition (BCMI below normal was found in almost

BANDINI LEÃO DE SOUSA, M.ª do Socorro. «Internet bajo la óptica de la historia vista desde abajo: una telaraña de significaciones en pequeños grandes discursos». Salamanca: Universidad de Salamanca, 2011 (Tesis doctoral dirigida por el Dr. Joaquín García

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M.ª do Socorro BANDINI LEÃO DE SOUSA

2012-02-01

Full Text Available Esta tesis, del Curso Procesos de Formación en Espacios Virtuales, de la Facultad de Educación, del Departamento de Teoría e Historia de la Educación, de la Universidad de Salamanca, bajo orientación del Prof. Dr. Joaquín García Carrasco, se ubica en el área de los estudios sobre las Nuevas Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación – TIC y se delimita al tema sobre la importancia de la Internet en sitios de exclusión social, el pueblo de Almécegas, en el Estado de Ceará, Brasil, donde esa tecnología llegó antes que la luz eléctrica, por medio de la energía solar. Damos por sentado que los discursos respecto la valoración de la Internet se fundamentan en los documentos escritos, oficiales, es decir, en la historia vista desde arriba, paradigma tradicional de la Historia. Por hipótesis, presentamos la historia vista desde abajo, nuevo paradigma de la Historia, constituida por los discursos orales de personas sencillas y anónimas de ese pueblo, para fundamentar la valoración de la Internet. Esta tesis se fundamenta en un planteamiento inter y transdisciplinar para decir que la Internet es un mundo de contrarios, para bien y para mal, puesto que la sociedad también lo es. Tal planteamiento camina por una investigación cualitativa que, por medio de una mirada etnográfica, realiza una observación participante, con base en Bronislaw Malinowski y en el paradigma indiciario, morelliano (In: Ginzburg, 2009, es decir, la observación de los detalles, aparentemente sin importancia y, sin embargo, reveladores de significados. En cuanto al carácter general, objetivamos contribuir con los estudios sobre la importancia de la Internet. En cuanto a la especificidad, establecimos los siguientes objetivos: 1. examinar el significado de importancia de la Internet en los discursos de la historia vista desde abajo. 2. examinar el significado de importancia de la Internet en los discursos de la historia vista desde arriba. 3. Verificar la

Book Reviews

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F.J.M. Selier

1985-01-01

Full Text Available - M.A. van Bakel, H. Esen-Baur, Untersuchungen über den vogelmann-kult auf der Osterinsel, 1983, Franz Steiner Verlag GmbH, 399 pp. - Leen Boer, Bronislaw Malinowski, Malinowski in Mexico. The economics of a Mexican market system, edited and with an introduction by Susan Drucker-Brown, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1982 (International Library of Anthropology., Julio de la Fuente (eds. - A.P. Borsboom, Betty Meehan, Shell bed to shell midden, Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies, Canberra, 1982. - H.J.M. Claessen, Peter Geschiere, Village communities and the state. Changing relations among the Maka of Southeastern Cameroon since the colonial conquest. Monographs of the African Studies Centre, Leiden. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul Ltd. 1982. 512 pp. Appendices, index, bibliography, etc. - H.J.M. Claessen, Jukka Siikala, Cult and conflict in tropical Polynesia; A study of traditional religion, Christianity and Nativistic movements, Helsinki: Academia Scientiarum Fennica, 1982, 308 pp. Maps, figs., bibliography. - H.J.M. Claessen, Alain Testart, Les Chasseurs-Cueilleurs ou l’Origine des Inégalités, Mémoires de la Sociéte d’Ethnographie 26, Paris 1982. 254 pp., maps, bibliography and figures. - Walter Dostal, Frederik Barth, Sohar - Culture and society in an Omani town. Baltimore - London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1983, 264 pp., ill. - Benno Galjart, G.J. Kruyer, Bevrijdingswetenschap. Een partijdige visie op de Derde Wereld [Emancipatory Science. A partisan view of the Third World], Meppel: Boom, 1983. - Sjaak van der Geest, Christine Okali, Cocoa and kinship in Ghana: The matrilineal Akan of Ghana. London: Kegan Paul International (in association with the International African Institute, 1983. 179 pp., tables, index. - Serge Genest, Claude Tardits, Contribution de la recherche ethnologique à l’histoire des civilisations du Cameroun / The contribution of enthnological research to the history of Cameroun cultures