VARIAÇÃO BIOMÉTRICA DE DIÁSPOROS DE BURITI (Mauritia flexuosa L.f. – ARECACEAE EM VEREDAS EM DIFERENTES ESTÁGIOS DE CONSERVAÇÃO

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Fabiano dos Santos Matos

2014-01-01

Full Text Available ‘Veredas’ (palm swamps are phytophysiognomies of the ‘Cerrado’ biome, where the palm tree Mauritia flexuosa Lf. - buriti predominates on the tree layer; this species is considered the key resource for many animals, that use it as shelter and source of food, and also by the man who uses their leaves and fruits as raw material and food. Although, they occur in environments protected by the environmental legislation, human actions have affected the populations of ‘buritis’, by means of the decrease of individuals caused by deforestation, siltation and drainage of these areas. The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphometric parameters of fruits and seeds of Mauritia flexuosa from six different ‘veredas’ at different conservation stages, located in the Environmental Protection Area of ‘Pandeiros’ River (north of Minas Gerais state. In total, 1,800 fruits and seeds were sampled, they were measured in length, width and thickness and, after that, they were weighed. To detect differences in morphometric measurements of fruits and seeds among the sampling areas, the analysis of variance was done. There were differences in morphometric measurements between the studied areas, in which 87.5% of the highest averages occurred in areas with the slightest anthropic interventions. This fact is possibly related to the impacts occurred, besides the genetic variations that may fall upon the individuals.

An antimicrobial alkaloid and other metabolites produced by Penicillium sp. An endophytic fungus isolated from Mauritia flexuosa L. f.

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Hector Henrique Ferreira Koolen

2012-01-01

Full Text Available The alkaloid glandicoline B (1 and six other compounds: ergosterol (2, brassicasterol (3, ergosterol peroxide (4, cerevisterol (5, mannitol (6 and 1-O-α-D-glucopyranoside (7 were isolated from Penicillium sp. strain PBR.2.2.2, a fungus from Mauritia flexuosa roots. The structures of the isolated metabolites were established by spectral analysis. MeOH extract of the fungal mycelium at 500 µg mL-1 exhibited antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and the compound 1 at 100 µg mL-1 was active against S. aureus, Micrococcus luteus and Escherichia coli. The relationship between the bioactive properties of the fungus PBR.2.2.2 and those achieved for glandicoline B, as well the potential of this substance as bactericide is discussed.

An antimicrobial alkaloid and other metabolites produced by Penicillium sp. An endophytic fungus isolated from Mauritia flexuosa L.f

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Koolen, Hector Henrique Ferreira; Soares, Elzalina Ribeiro; Silva, Felipe Moura Araujo da; Almeida, Richardson Alves de; Souza, Afonso Duarte Leao de; Medeiros, Livia Soman de; Rodrigues Filho, Edson; Souza, Antonia Queiroz Lima de

2012-01-01

The alkaloid glandicoline B (1) and six other compounds: ergosterol (2), brassicasterol (3), ergosterol peroxide (4), cerevisterol (5), mannitol (6) and 1-O-α-D-glucopyranoside (7) were isolated from Penicillium sp. strain PBR.2.2.2, a fungus from Mauritia flexuosa roots. The structures of the isolated metabolites were established by spectral analysis. MeOH extract of the fungal mycelium at 500 μg mL -1 exhibited antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and the compound 1 at 100 μg mL -1 was active against S. aureus, Micrococcus luteus and Escherichia coli. The relationship between the bioactive properties of the fungus PBR.2.2.2 and those achieved for glandicoline B, as well the potential of this substance as bacteriide is discussed. (author)

Diversidad genética y filogenia molecular de poblaciones de Mauritia flexuosa L.f. “aguaje” de la Amazonía Peruana

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Jorge Angulo-Quintanilla

2014-07-01

Full Text Available Mauritia flexuosa es una especie vegetal amazónica que forma extensas poblaciones denominadas “aguajales”. Como los pobladores amazónicos emplean varios órganos de M. flexuosa para suplir sus necesidades y con fines comerciales, se está ejerciendo un gran impacto negativo sobre esta especie. A pesar de ello, a la fecha no se conoce la diversidad genética de esta especie en la Amazonía peruana. Consecuentemente, los planes de manejo para la especie serían limitados sin este tipo de información. Por tanto, el objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la diversidad genética y filogenia molecular de poblaciones de M. flexuosa aledañas a la carretera Iquitos-Nauta. Las hojas se colectaron en seis zonas contiguas a la carretera Iquitos–Nauta. El ADN purificado con protocolos estándares fue amplificado mediante la técnica de ADN Polimórfico Amplificado al Azar (RAPD con dos cebadores aleatorios.  En total se generaron 28 amplicones RAPD (26 polimórficos y 2 monomórficos. Dentro de los aguajales la diversidad genética fue tres veces mayor (75±19 % que la diversidad genética entre las seis poblaciones de M. flexuosa (25±19 %. La diferenciación genética entre las poblaciones varió de 0,0 a 0,6. Los aguajales que se agruparon en clados en el dendrograma por su mayor similitud genética tuvieron proximidad geográfica. La similitud genética entre las poblaciones de M. flexuosa depende de la distancia geográfica, de tal manera que las poblaciones con más similitud genética están más próximas entre sí que las que tienen menos similitud genética.

Diversidad genética y filogenia molecular de poblaciones de Mauritia flexuosa L.f. “aguaje” de la Amazonía Peruana

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Jorge Angulo Quintanilla

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Mauritia flexuosa es una especie vegetal amazónica que forma extensas poblaciones denominadas “aguajales”. Como los pobladores amazónicos emplean varios órganos de M. flexuosa para suplir sus necesidades y con fines comerciales, se está ejerciendo un gran impacto negativo sobre esta especie. A pesar de ello, a la fecha no se conoce la diversidad genética de esta especie en la Amazonía peruana. Consecuentemente, los planes de manejo para la especie serían limitados sin este tipo de información. Por tanto, el objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la diversidad genética y filogenia molecular de poblaciones de M. flexuosa aledañas a la carretera Iquitos-Nauta. Las hojas se colectaron en seis zonas contiguas a la carretera Iquitos–Nauta. El ADN purificado con protocolos estándares fue amplificado mediante la técnica de ADN Polimórfico Amplificado al Azar (RAPD con dos cebadores aleatorios.  En total se generaron 28 amplicones RAPD (26 polimórficos y 2 monomórficos. Dentro de los aguajales la diversidad genética fue tres veces mayor (75±19 % que la diversidad genética entre las seis poblaciones de M. flexuosa (25±19 %. La diferenciación genética entre las poblaciones varió de 0,0 a 0,6. Los aguajales que se agruparon en clados en el dendrograma por su mayor similitud genética tuvieron proximidad geográfica. La similitud genética entre las poblaciones de M. flexuosa depende de la distancia geográfica, de tal manera que las poblaciones con más similitud genética están más próximas entre sí que las que tienen menos similitud genética.

PROPRIEDADES REOLÓGICAS DO SUCO DE BURITI (Mauritia flexuosa

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ANTÔNIO MANOEL DA CRUZ RODRIGUES

2016-02-01

Full Text Available RESUMO O conhecimento do comportamento reológico de sucos de frutas tropicais é muito importante para a indústria de alimentos, uma vez que permite estabelecer condições de processamento e projetos de equipamentos relacionados à transferência de calor e massa bem como as operações unitárias envolvidas em todo o processo de obtenção. Este trabalho estudou o comportamento reológico do suco de buriti (Mauritia flexuosa. Os dados reológicos foram obtidos através de um viscosímetro rotacional com geometria de cilindros concêntricos (Brookfield, modelo DV II+. Os ensaios foram realizados em seis diferentes temperaturas (10; 20; 30; 40; 50 e 60ºC, e os resultados experimentais foram ajustados pelos modelos Lei da Potência e Mizrahi-Berk. O suco de buriti apresentou comportamento não newtoniano nas seis temperaturas. Na quantificação da viscosidade aparente (?ap, os parâmetros reológicos (K e n foram obtidos através do ajuste do modelo Lei da Potência, que se mostrou bastante adequado na predição do comportamento reológico do suco, com coeficientes de determinação r2 > 0,99 para cinco das seis temperaturas investigadas. O produto apresentou comportamento pseudoplástico (n<1, e o índice de comportamento de fluxo decresceu com o aumento da temperatura. O efeito da temperatura sobre a viscosidade aparente foi descrita pela equação de Arrhenius e discutida em termos de energia de ativação (Ea, e os valores da Ea variaram de 2,84 a 3,0 kcal/gmol para a faixa da taxa de deformação utilizada.

An antimicrobial alkaloid and other metabolites produced by Penicillium sp. An endophytic fungus isolated from Mauritia flexuosa L.f

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Koolen, Hector Henrique Ferreira; Soares, Elzalina Ribeiro; Silva, Felipe Moura Araujo da; Almeida, Richardson Alves de; Souza, Afonso Duarte Leao de, E-mail: hectorkoolen@gmail.com [Departamento de Quimica, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus - AM (Brazil); Medeiros, Livia Soman de; Rodrigues Filho, Edson [Departamento de Quimica, Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos - SP (Brazil); Souza, Antonia Queiroz Lima de [Escola Superior de Ciencias da Saude, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus - AM (Brazil)

2012-07-01

The alkaloid glandicoline B (1) and six other compounds: ergosterol (2), brassicasterol (3), ergosterol peroxide (4), cerevisterol (5), mannitol (6) and 1-O-{alpha}-D-glucopyranoside (7) were isolated from Penicillium sp. strain PBR.2.2.2, a fungus from Mauritia flexuosa roots. The structures of the isolated metabolites were established by spectral analysis. MeOH extract of the fungal mycelium at 500 {mu}g mL{sup -1} exhibited antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and the compound 1 at 100 {mu}g mL{sup -1} was active against S. aureus, Micrococcus luteus and Escherichia coli. The relationship between the bioactive properties of the fungus PBR.2.2.2 and those achieved for glandicoline B, as well the potential of this substance as bacteriide is discussed. (author)

Evaluation of carotenoid contents in irradiated buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L.)

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Silva, Jaqueline M. da; Coelho, Maysa J.; Lima, Keila S.C.; Lima, Antonio L.S. [Instituto Militar de Engenharia (IME), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil). Secao de Engenharia Nuclear]. E-mail: maysa@ime.eb.br; Godoy, Ronoel L.O.; Pacheco, Sidney [EMBRAPA Agroindustria de Alimentos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)]. E-mail: ronoel@ctaa.embrapa.br; Ferreira, Rubemar S. [Centro Regional de Ciencias Nucleares do Centro-Oeste CRCN-CO/CNEN, Abadia de Goias, GO (Brazil); E-mail: rferreira@cnen.gov.br

2007-07-01

Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L.), a typical Brazilian fruit, can be found at north, northeast and center-west regions in Brazil. It has a high nutritional value and is considered an excellent source of vitamin A precursors, called carotenoids, showing a majority of {beta}-carotene. It can be used in many regional dishes. In this study, Buriti in natura was treated with gamma irradiation, deriving from a cavity type research irradiator which has a Cs-137 radiation source, with the doses of 0.5 and 1.0 kGy. The objective is to evaluate the irradiation effects on nutritional quality maintenance and conservation of Buriti, focusing in optimizer the processing conditions and increase consumption as a way to fight vitamin A deficiency. Clinical, biological and dietetic studies have indicated that the lack of vitamin A is the main cause of night blindness and xerophthalmia. The use of food irradiation is growing and represents an economic benefit to the agriculture through the reduction of post harvesting losses. The irradiated fruits and the control group were evaluated through the total carotenoids analysis, by spectrophotometry, and the carotenoids (a and b-carotene and luteine) determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). ANOVA was used to treat the results. The results show that buriti is an excellent source of total carotenoids, with a concentration of 44500 {mu}g/100 g in the pulp (70% of {beta}-carotene). The reduction of carotenoids contents due to the irradiation process does not compromise its nutritional quality that is still very above of recommendations, being the dose of 0.5 kGy more appropriate. (author)

Evaluation of carotenoid contents in irradiated buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Silva, Jaqueline M. da; Coelho, Maysa J.; Lima, Keila S.C.; Lima, Antonio L.S.; Ferreira, Rubemar S.

2007-01-01

Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L.), a typical Brazilian fruit, can be found at north, northeast and center-west regions in Brazil. It has a high nutritional value and is considered an excellent source of vitamin A precursors, called carotenoids, showing a majority of β-carotene. It can be used in many regional dishes. In this study, Buriti in natura was treated with gamma irradiation, deriving from a cavity type research irradiator which has a Cs-137 radiation source, with the doses of 0.5 and 1.0 kGy. The objective is to evaluate the irradiation effects on nutritional quality maintenance and conservation of Buriti, focusing in optimizer the processing conditions and increase consumption as a way to fight vitamin A deficiency. Clinical, biological and dietetic studies have indicated that the lack of vitamin A is the main cause of night blindness and xerophthalmia. The use of food irradiation is growing and represents an economic benefit to the agriculture through the reduction of post harvesting losses. The irradiated fruits and the control group were evaluated through the total carotenoids analysis, by spectrophotometry, and the carotenoids (a and b-carotene and luteine) determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). ANOVA was used to treat the results. The results show that buriti is an excellent source of total carotenoids, with a concentration of 44500 μg/100 g in the pulp (70% of β-carotene). The reduction of carotenoids contents due to the irradiation process does not compromise its nutritional quality that is still very above of recommendations, being the dose of 0.5 kGy more appropriate. (author)

Productos del mercado artesanal en la ciudad de Leticia (Amazonia colombiana elaborados con especies de bosques de Mauritia flexuosa L.f.

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Sandra Lorena Franco Arango

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Los productos forestales no maderables (PFNMs han tomado fuerza como alternativa para la conservación de ecosistemas y la generación de ingresos económicos en las poblaciones asociadas. Se presenta un mayor interés sobre los productos que provienen de bosques oligárquicos (poco diversos y con alta densidad relativa, especialmente los dominados por palmas, como por ejemplo los bosques de Mauritia flexuosa (aguajales, cananguchales o buritizales. En el mercado artesanal de Leticia (Amazonia colombiana se identificaron 68 productos provenientes de nueve especies de plantas del canaguchal, teniendo las palmas (Astrocaryum chambira, Euterpe precatoria, M. flexuosa, Oenocarpus bataua y Socratea exorrhiza el mayor potencial comercial. Los productos más frecuentes fueron las mochilas de fibras de A. chambira (chambira y los precios de venta más altos correspondieron a las esculturas de Brosimum rubescens (palo de sangre. No existen estadísticas oficiales de este mercado, ni entes del Estado que regulen y orienten la producción y comercialización de los productos que se extraen del bosque. No obstante, los PFNMs representan una alternativa para diversificar las oportunidades productivas de los pobladores de la región.

The socio-cultural importance of Mauritia flexuosa palm swamps (aguajales) and implications for multi-use management in two Maijuna communities of the Peruvian Amazon.

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Gilmore, Michael P; Endress, Bryan A; Horn, Christa M

2013-04-22

Fruit from the palm Mauritia flexuosa (aguaje) is harvested throughout the Peruvian Amazon for subsistence and commercial purposes. Recent estimates suggest that residents of Iquitos, the largest city in the region, consume approximately 148.8 metric tons of aguaje fruit per month, the vast majority of which is harvested by felling and killing adult female trees. In this study, we sought to better understand and document the importance of M. flexuosa palm swamps (aguajales) in two Maijuna indigenous communities to inform the sustainable management of this habitat and species. Semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and household surveys were carried out to assess the significance of aguajales and their associated plant and animal resources as well as to determine how the relationship that the Maijuna have with aguajales has changed over time. Aguajales and their associated resources are culturally significant and useful to the Maijuna in a wide variety of ways. In addition to M. flexuosa, the Maijuna use over 60 different species of plants from aguajales. When M. flexuosa is in fruit, aguajales are important hunting areas with a total of 20 different animal species hunted. The Maijuna also have traditional beliefs about aguajales, believing that malevolent supernatural beings reside in them. Notably, the relationship that the Maijuna have with aguajales has changed considerably over the years as aguaje fruit went from a subsistence item collected opportunistically from the ground to a market good destructively harvested beginning in the early 1990s. The Maijuna are concerned not only about how this has affected the future commercial harvest of aguaje but also about its effects on game animals given the importance of hunting to Maijuna cultural identity, subsistence, and income generation. In order to meet the multiple socio-cultural and economic needs of the Maijuna, sustainable management efforts must be expanded to not only focus on the commercial harvest of

Chemical characterization and oxidative stability of the oils from three morphotypes of Mauritia flexuosa L.f, from the Peruvian Amazon

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Mancini-Filho, Jorge

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Three morphotypes of aguaje Mauritia flexuosa were tested, classified by the color of their mesocarpium: “color”, “shambo” and “amarillo”, collected from different areas near the city of Iquitos, Peru. Also, physical-chemical analyses of the mesocarpium were performed, such as the characterization of fatty acids by gas chromatography, determination of β- carotene y α – tocopherol by high efficiency liquid chromatography system in normal and reverse phase and the determination of oxidation induction time in the Rancimat apparatus. Proximate, mineral and fatty acid analyses were done on the seeds. The aguaje mesocarpium is rich in oleic oil (“amarillo”: 75.63% ± 0.31, β-carotene (“amarillo”: 342.42ug/g ± 0.71 and α- tocopherol (“color”: 685.81mg/L ± 1.04, plus the morphotype “color” has a superior oxidation induction time compared to other morphotypes with 6.91 ± 0.01. The aguaje seed contains significant amounts of ω6 (linoleic oil in “shambo” with 36.04 ± 0.09%. The results indicate that these oils, regardless their classification, contain important chemical compounds that give them a special nutritive value.Se estudiaron tres morfotipos de aguaje Mauritia flexuosa L. f., clasificados por el color del mesocarpio: “color”, “shambo” y “amarillo”, recogidos de localidades cercanas a la ciudad de Iquitos- Perú. Del mismo modo a partir del mesocarpio se realizaron los análisis fisicoquímicos, la caracterización de los ácidos grasos por cromatografía gaseosa, la determinación de β-caroteno y α– tocoferol por cromatografía líquida de alta eficiencia (HPLC fase reversa y normal y la determinación del tiempo de inducción de la oxidación en el equipo de Rancimat. A partir de la semilla se realizaron los análisis centesimales, de minerales y ácidos grasos. Los mesocarpios de aguaje son ricos en ácido oleico (amarillo: 75.63% ± 0.31, β-caroteno (amarillo: 342.42 ug/g ± 0.71 y �

Estudo etnobotânico de Mauritia flexuosa L. f. (Arecaceae em comunidades ribeirinhas do Município de Abaetetuba, Pará, Brasil The ethnobotanical study of Mauritia flexuosa L. f. (Arecaceae in riverine communities of Abaetetuba county, Pará state, Brazil

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Ronize da Silva Santos

2012-03-01

Full Text Available Dada a relevância cultural e econômica do miriti (Mauritia flexuosa L.f. em Abaetetuba-PA, principalmente na confecção de produtos artesanais, este trabalho teve como objetivo registrar informações a respeito do uso dado à folha desta palmeira pelas comunidades ribeirinhas de Sirituba, Tauerá, Acaraqui e Arapapuzinho, do referido município. Estas foram selecionadas durante oficina de mapeamento participativo, realizado pelo "Projeto Miriti", executado pelo Centro Internacional de Pesquisa Florestal (CIFOR. Os informantes (n=45 foram amostrados de forma probabilística, através da amostra por conglomerados. Para a coleta de dados aplicaram-se as técnicas de entrevista semi-estruturada, listagem livre, indução não-específica e observação participante. Foi calculado o valor de diversidade do informante (IDs e o índice de Sørensen para análise de similaridade dos usos entre as comunidades. Vinte e seis produtos confeccionados foram identificados, 15 dos quais referenciados como "artesanato popular local". "Paneiro", "rasa", "tipiti", "abano", "matapi" e "peneira" foram considerados os utensílios culturalmente mais importantes. O valor de diversidade do informante (IDs entre os entrevistados das quatro comunidades com relação à quantidade de produtos utilizados apresentou-se significativamente homogêneo. Os maiores índices de similaridade constatados foram entre as comunidades de Sirituba e Acaraqui e os menores entre Arapapuzinho e Acaraqui. O miriti possui expressiva importância para os ribeirinhos de Abaetetuba em muitos aspectos. O número de produtos identificados foi alto, e embora nem todos os objetos sejam utilizados no dia-a-dia eles possuem relevância econômica, uma vez que sua comercialização contribui para a renda dos moradores.The miriti (Mauritia flexuosa L.f. is of great cultural and economic importance in the county of Abaetetuba, Pará state, principally to make artisanal crafts and products. Given the

Néctar de buriti (Mauritia flexuosa: a bebida funcional do cerrado

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L. G. C. Garcia

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Os frutos das espécies nativas do cerrado oferecem elevado valor nutricional, além de atrativos sensoriais como cor, sabor e aroma peculiares e intensos, ainda pouco explorados comercialmente. O buriti é uma das mais interessantes e prestimosas palmeiras do Brasil e destaca-se pela sua beleza e pelos seus múltiplos usos na alimentação humana. Visando o seu maior aproveitamento, foi realizada a elaboração do néctar de buriti. O produto foi caracterizado físico-química, microbiológica e sensorialmente. Os resultados indicaram que o néctar de buriti possui baixo valor energético 71,73 kcal, seus teores de ferro e manganês são capazes de suprir as necessidades diárias recomendadas, além de poder receber alegação de produto funcional, devido ao seu teor de fibras (3,1 g (100 g-1 de néctar. Quanto às análises microbiológicas, o néctar de buriti apresentou-se dentro dos limites microbiológicos estabelecidos pela legislação sanitária. Sensorialmente, teve boa aceitação, obtendo média geral 7 e intenção de compra de 81,07% dentre os entrevistados. Desta forma, a industrialização de buriti torna-se alternativa para o aproveitamento deste fruto, além de ser um produto de grande valor nutricional.Buriti’s Nectar (Mauritia flexuosa: a Functional Cerrado’s Beverage Abstract: The cerrado’s native species fruits offer high nutritional value, besides sensory attractive as color, flavor and unique aroma and intense, yet little explored commercially. Buriti is one of the most interesting and precious palms of Brazil and stands out for its beauty and its multiple uses in food. Aiming his greatest achievement, the Buriti’s nectar development was performed. The product was characterized physic-chemical, microbiological and sensory. The results indicated that the Buriti’s nectar has low energy 71.73 kcal, their iron and manganese levels are able to meet the recommended daily requirements, and can get functional product

Evaluation of gamma irradiation effects on carotenoids, ascorbic acid and sugar contents of buriti fruit (Mauritia flexuosa L.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lima, Antonio Luis dos Santos; Lima, Keila dos Santos Cople; Silva, Jaqueline Michele; Coelho, Maysa Joppert; Godoy, Ronoel Luiz de Oliveira; Pacheco, Sidney

2009-01-01

Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L.), a typical fruit from the Northeast and Center-West Amazon of Brazil, is used in many regional dishes. It is considered an excellent source of carotenoids that are A vitamin precursors, showing a majority of beta-carotene. It also presents ascorbic acid and sugar contents. Many studies have indicated that the lack of A vitamin is the main cause of night blindness and xerophthalmia. Also, ascorbic acid deficiency may cause scorbutic disease. The use of food irradiation is growing and represents an economic benefit to agriculture through the reduction of post-harvesting losses while maintaining food nutritional quality. In this study, buriti in natura was treated with gamma irradiation with doses of 0.5 kGy and 1.0 kGy. The objective was to evaluate the irradiation effects on total carotenoids, ascorbic acid and sugars concentrations of buriti. The fruit was evaluated through the total carotenoids analysis, by spectrophotometry, and the carotenoids (alpha and beta-carotene and lutein), ascorbic acid and sugars were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that buriti is an excellent source of total carotenoids (44600 μg/100 g). The irradiation of buriti with the dose of 0.5 kGy did not significantly change carotenoids and sugars contents. However, there was a reduction of ascorbic acid concentration with an increase of the dose, which may have been caused by irradiation or by intrinsic and extrinsic factors that alter ascorbic acid stability in food, converting ascorbic to dehydroascorbic acid, while keeping the C vitamin active form. (author)

Distribuição espacial de populações de triatomíneos (Hemiptera: Reduviidae em palmeiras da espécie Mauritia flexuosa no Distrito Federal, Brasil Spatial distribution of Triatominae populations (Hemiptera: Reduviidae in Mauritia flexuosa palm trees in Federal District of Brazil

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Rodrigo Gurgel-Gonçalves

2004-06-01

Full Text Available Para determinar e analisar a distribuição espacial de populações silvestres de triatomíneos no Distrito Federal, Brasil, foram amostradas 150 palmeiras da espécie Mauritia flexuosa em seis veredas de diferentes paisagens (silvestre, rural e periurbana na estação chuvosa. Os triatomíneos foram identificados morfologicamente, separados por sexo e estadio ninfal e examinados para verificar infecção por Trypanosoma cruzi e Trypanosoma rangeli. Vinte e oito (18,6% palmeiras estavam infestadas por Rhodnius neglectus e 14 (9,5% por Psammolestes tertius. A freqüência dessas espécies em palmeiras com e sem ninhos foi significativamente diferente, sendo superior nas palmeiras com ninhos de aves e mamíferos na copa. O maior número médio de insetos/palmeira foi observado nas áreas rurais, com estimativas de até 838 insetos/hectare. A composição etária das espécies apresentou um padrão diferente, Rhodnius neglectus com predomínio de ninfas e Psammolestes tertius com predomínio de adultos, sendo que muitos ovos de Rhodnius neglectus foram coletados indicando um evento reprodutivo em fevereiro de 2003. Entre os ninhos encontrados nas palmeiras, o do pássaro Phacellodomus ruber (Furnariidae apresentou as maiores abundâncias de triatomíneos, ocorrendo em 42% das palmeiras. A abundância relativa de Rhodnius neglectus e Psammolestes tertius foi maior em áreas rurais que possuíram maior número de ninhos nas palmeiras e menor densidade de palmeiras por hectare. Nenhum dos 96 triatomíneos examinados estava infectado por Trypanosoma cruzi ou Trypanosoma rangeli, apesar de encontrarmos infecção de Rhodnius neglectus por esses parasitas em estudos anteriores.To determine and analyze the distribution of Triatominae sylvatic populations in the Federal District of Brazil, 150 Mauritia flexuosa palm trees were sampled in six veredas of different landscapes (sylvatic, rural and peri-urban in the rainy season. Triatomines were

A contingent valuation study of buriti ( Mauritia flexuosa L.f. in the main region of production in Brazil: is environmental conservation a collective responsibility?

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Irlaine R. Vieira

Full Text Available ABSTRACT The immature leaves of the buriti palm (Mauritia flexuosa are widely harvested in the municipality of Barreirinhas, Maranhão, for the production of handicrafts, which are sold to locals and tourists. The increasing demand for these artisanal goods is stimulating the emergence of an informal market for immature buriti leaves, leading to an intensification of their extraction and resulting in negative effects on local buriti palm populations and the ecosystem. Thus, the objective of the present study was to assess the environmental value of the buriti palm tree based on the maximum willingness to pay (WTP for its conservation, using the contingent valuation method. Among the respondents, 99.74% reported that the palm species should be protected and the majority of them (65.75% agreed to pay for its conservation (annual WTP R$ 179.49 ± 222.05. Multivariate analysis revealed that the WTP was not influenced by the socio-economic profile of the respondents. The main reasons for non-WTP are related to dissatisfaction with the government and the belief that financial contributions would not solve problems of environmental damage. Overall, the evaluated population believes that environmental conservation is not an obligation of the government or that of the population, but is a collective responsibility.

Effects of the buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L. oil supplementation on crossbred lactating goats: behavioral, physiological, and hematological responses

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Lucas Almeida Lima

2018-03-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the buriti oil (Mauritia flexuosa L. inclusion levels (0, 15, 30, and 45 g kg−1 in dry matter replacing ground corn on the feeding behavior, as well as physiological and hematological variables of crossbred lactating Anglo Nubian goats. Eight Anglo Nubian goats were used, which were distributed in a double 4 × 4 Latin square experimental design (four periods and four levels of buriti oil replacing corn in the total dry matter. For the evaluation of feeding behavior, single animals were observed every ten minutes for 24 h on three days. Respiratory rate (RR, heart rate (HR, rectal temperature (RT, and sweating rate (SR of the animals were evaluated in the morning (09:00 h and in the afternoon (15:00 h. Blood samples were always taken in the morning, before feeding, by puncturing the jugular vein for the complete blood count and white blood cell count. The levels of buriti oil had no effect on feeding, rumination, idling time, water intake, defecation and urination, DM intake, feed efficiency, and rumination efficiency of DM and NDF, but had effects on NDF intake. Physiological variables (RT, SR, RR, and HR in both periods of the day were not influenced by the inclusion of buriti oil. However, SR and RR were higher in the afternoon than in the morning. In erythrocyte, results showed that the hematocrit and mean corpuscular volume increased with the inclusion of buriti oil. Hemoglobin, red blood cell count, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and total plasma protein were not affected by the inclusion of buriti in the goat diet. The inclusion of buriti oil is recommended in up to 45 g kg−1 (DM basis as a replacement for ground corn in diet of lactating goats without affecting the feeding behavior and physiological and hematological variables.

Dormancy breaking in Mauritia flexuosa seeds by using mechanical scarification and soaking = Superação de dormência em sementes de buriti por meio da escarificação mecânica e embebição

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Alexsander Seleguini

2012-12-01

Full Text Available The majority of Arecaceae species presents difficulties to germinate, even under appropriate conditions, complicating the seedlings production process. This study aimed at evaluating the influence of seed scarification and soaking in the emergence and development of Mauritia flexuosa seedlings. The treatments consisted of a combination of seed soaking and scarification methods, in a completely randomized design, in a 2 x 3 + 1 factorial scheme, with five replications. Seeds with and without scarification, combined with soaking methods (not soaked seeds and seeds soaked for 30 days, with and without daily water renewal, plus an additional treatment, where the seeds were scarified after soaking for 30 days, were tested. The seedlingemergence up to 146 days after sowing (d.a.s. was evaluated, as well as the emergence rate index (46 and 146 d.a.s. and growth components (146 d.a.s.. The results were submitted to the variance analysis (F test and means compared by using the Tukey test, at 5%. It was possible to conclude that the Mauritia flexuosa seeds presented tegument dormancy. The seed scarification increased the germination rate, however, it contributed to increase the seeds mortality rate. The soaking of nonscarified seeds for 30 days, with daily water renewal, improved the potential for seed germination. The mechanical scarification, without or after soaking the seeds in water, increased the Mauritia flexuosa seedlings mortality rate, and it is not, therefore, a suitable method for dormancy breaking. = A maioria das espécies de Arecaceae apresenta dificuldades para germinar, mesmo sob condições adequadas, dificultando a produção de mudas. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar a influência da escarificação e embebição de sementes na emergência e desenvolvimento de mudas de buritizeiro. Os tratamentos foram compostos pela combinação de métodos de embebição e escarificação de sementes, adotando-se o delineamento inteiramente

Estrutura etária de populações de Mauritia flexuosa L. F. (Arecaceae de veredas da região central de Goiás, Brasil

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Isa Lucia de Morais Resende

2012-02-01

Full Text Available A Mauritia flexuosa (buriti é considerada espécie-chave no ambiente de veredas, sendo escassas as informações sobre sua estrutura populacional para subsidiar a elaboração de estratégias de manejo e conservação. Neste trabalho são avaliadas seis populações da espécie em áreas de veredas com diferentes graus de antropização nos municípios de Bela Vista de Goiás, Silvânia e São Miguel do Passa Quatro, GO, na região nuclear do Cerrado brasileiro. Foram coletados dados de altura de 584 indivíduos, desde plântulas até adultos, sendo amostrados 100 indivíduos por população, com exceção de uma, para a qual foram amostrados 84 indivíduos. A maioria das populações estudadas apresentou curvas de distribuição dos indivíduos em classes de altura em forma de J invertido, característica de populações autorregenerativas. A maior proporção de indivíduos mortos ocorreu no menor intervalo de classe de altura, com a maior expectativa de vida no intervalo de classe de altura entre 3,5 m e 7 m.

Atividade antibacteriana e cicatrizante do óleo de buriti Mauritia flexuosa L. Antibacterial and healing activities of buriti oil Mauritia flexuosa L.

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Jael Soares Batista

2012-01-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade antibacteriana in vitro e cicatrizante do óleo de buriti (M. flexuosa em feridas realizadas em ratos (Rattus norvegicus albinus. Para a avaliação antibacteriana in vitro, foram utilizados cinco patógenos bacterianos incluindo espécies gram-positivas e espécies gram-negativas mediante o uso do método de difusão em ágar. Para a avaliação da atividade cicatrizante, foram utilizados 40 ratos da linhagem Wistar, divididos em dois grupos: o grupo I, composto por 20 ratos com feridas cutâneas, tratados com aplicação tópica do creme base com 10% de óleo de buriti, e o grupo II, controle, com o mesmo número de animais que receberam a aplicação tópica do creme base. A aplicação do produto foi realizada em feridas padronizadas, circulares de 1cm de diâmetro na região dorsolombar. As avaliações clínica, morfométrica e histopatológica das feridas foram realizadas no 3°, 7°, 14° e 21° dias. Em relação à avaliação da atividade antibacteriana, os resultados mostraram que houve inibição do crescimento bacteriano em quatro dos cinco patógenos testados. Em relação à área da ferida, foi observada redução significativa da área no 14o dia e maior percentual de contração das feridas do grupo tratado em relação ao controle. No décimo quarto dia, as feridas tratadas com o óleo do buriti apresentavam aumento significativo na contagem de fibroblastos e fibras colágenas, além de completo processo de reepitelização, enquanto o grupo controle necessitava de mais tempo para resolução do processo cicatricial.The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity and wound healing effect of buriti oil (M. flexuosa in rats. To evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity, five species of bacteria, including both gram-negative and gram-positive, were tested by the agar diffusion method. To assess the wound healing effect, 40 rats of Wistar lineage were

Caracterização física e físico-química de polpa de buriti (Mauritia flexuosa

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Deise Souza de Castro

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho caracterizar as propriedades físicas e físico-químicas do butiri (Mauritia flexuosa L. fornecendo subsídios para o aproveitamento industrial em grande escala na produção de subprodutos alimentícios. O trabalho foi realizado no Laboratório de Processamento e Armazenamento de Produtos Agrícolas (LAPPA da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG-PB. As características avaliadas foram: cor, através de medida instrumental utilizando espectrofotômetro MiniScan HunterLab XE Plus, no sistema de cor CieLab obtendo-se as leituras de L*, (luminosidade a* (transição da cor verde -a* para o vermelho +a* e b* (transição da cor azul -b* para a cor amarela +b*; teor de água pelo método da estufa sob pressão reduzida a 70 ºC até peso constante; Atividade de água (Aw realizada por meio do equipamento Aqualab, com a amostra em temperatura ambiente (25°C; resíduo mineral fixo através da calcinação das amostras a 550 ºC; acidez total titulável (ATT expressa em porcentagem de ácido cítrico determinada pelo método titulométrico com solução padronizada de NaOH 0,1N; pH determinado diretamente em potenciômetro previamente calibrado com soluções tampão de pH 7,0 e 4,0 e sólidos solúveis totais determinado em refratômetro digital de bancada por leitura direta em °Brix. Os resultados obtidos para polpa de buriti foram: (L* 43,89; (H* 74,55; (C* 65,65; (Teor de água 66,07%; (Aw 0,99; (Resíduo mineral fixo 1,05; (SST 13,67 ºBrix; (Acidez 1,48%; (pH 3,47. A polpa de buriti apresenta baixo teor de água, favorecendo bom rendimento para a elaboração de subprodutos. 

Fontes de nitrogênio e caule decomposto de Mauritia flexuosa na nodulação e crescimento de Enterolobium contortsiliquum

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Waldeídes Castro Sousa

2013-10-01

Full Text Available Avaliaram-se fontes de nitrogênio (N e proporções de caule decomposto de buritizeiro (Mauritia flexuosa L.f. na nodulação, crescimento e nos índices biométricos das mudas de tamboril [Enterolobium contortsiliquum (Vell. Morong] na região sudoeste do Piauí. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3x5, com cinco repetições. Foram testadas três fontes de N (N-mineral, N do substrato e inoculação com a estirpe Bradyrhizobium elkanii BR 4406 e cinco proporções de caule decomposto de buritizeiro:solo (v/v, %: 0: 100; 10: 90; 20: 80; 40: 60; 80: 20. A emergência das plântulas foi avaliada diariamente até o décimo terceiro dia após a semeadura. Aos 80 dias, as mudas foram coletadas para as determinações da nodulação, do crescimento e dos índices biométricos. As mudas que foram cultivadas com os substratos contendo caule decomposto de buritizeiro apresentaram maior crescimento e nodulação, em relação às que foram cultivadas no substrato 0: 100 (caule decomposto de buritizeiro: solo. A obtenção de máximo Índice de Qualidade de Dickson foi com 48: 52 (caule decomposto de buritizeiro: solo, sendo, portanto, esta a proporção recomendada para a produção de mudas. Com relação às fontes de nitrogênio, a estirpe BR 4406 não foi eficiente em promover ganhos no teor de nitrogênio e matéria seca da parte aérea, em relação ao tratamento com N-mineral. As populações nativas de bactérias diazotróficas presentes no substrato que não recebeu N-mineral e nem inoculação foram capazes de nodular eficientemente o tamboril, uma vez que promoveram acréscimos no teor de nitrogênio e matéria seca da parte aérea equivalentes ao tratamento adubado com N-mineral.

Methane Flux of Amazonian Peatland Ecosystems: Large Ecosystem Fluxes with Substantial Contribution from Palm (maritia Flexuosa) STEM Emissions

Science.gov (United States)

Van Haren, J. L. M.; Cadillo-Quiroz, H.

2015-12-01

Methane (CH4) emissions through plants have long been known in wetlands. However, most measurements have focused on stem tops and leaves. Recently, measurements at the lower parts of stems have shown that stem emissions can exceed soil CH4 emissions in Asian peatlands (Pangala et al. 2013). The addition of stem fluxes to soil fluxes for total ecosystem fluxes has the potential to bridge the discrepancy between modeled to measured and bottom-up to top-down flux estimates. Our measurements in peatlands of Peru show that especially Mauritia flexuosa, a palm species, can emit very large quantities of CH4, although most trees emitted at least some CH4. We used flexible stem chambers to adapt to stems of any size above 5cm in diameter. The chambers were sampled in closed loop with a Gasmet DX4015 for flux measurements, which lasted ~5 minutes after flushing with ambient air. We found that M. flexuosa stem fluxes decrease with height along the stem and were positively correlated with soil fluxes. Most likely CH4 is transported up the stem with the xylem water. Measured M. flexuosa stem fluxes below 1.5m averaged 11.2±1.5 mg-C m-2 h-1 (±95% CI) with a maximum of 123±3.5 mg-C m-2 h-1 (±SE), whereas soil fluxes averaged 6.7±1.7 mg-C m-2 h-1 (±95% CI) with a maximum of 31.6±0.4 mg-C m-2 h-1 (±SE). Significant CH4 fluxes were measured up to 5 m height along the stems. Combined with the high density of ~150 M. flexuosa individuals per hectare in these peatlands and the consistent diameter of ~30cm, the high flux rates add ~20% to the soil flux. With anywhere between 1 and 5 billion M. flexuosa stems across Amazon basin wetlands, stem fluxes from this palm species could represent a major addition to the overall Amazon basin CH4 flux.

Estrutura de populações de Rhodnius neglectus Lent e Psammolestes tertius Lent & Jurberg (Hemiptera, Reduviidae em ninhos de pássaros (Furnariidae presentes na palmeira Mauritia flexuosa no Distrito Federal, Brasil Population structure of Rhodnius neglectus Lent and Psammolestes tertius Lent & Jurberg (Hemiptera, Reduviidae in bird nests (Furnariidae on Mauritia flexuosa palm trees in Federal District of Brazil

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Rodrigo Gurgel-Gonçalves

2007-03-01

Full Text Available Rhodnius neglectus Lent, 1954 {Rn}e Psammolestes tertius Lent & Jurberg, 1965 {Pt} são triatomíneos que ocorrem em ninhos de aves, principalmente da família Furnariidae. O ciclo biológico dessas espécies é conhecido em condições de laboratório, sendo poucos estudos em ecótopos silvestres. Para analisar a infestação e estrutura de populações de Rn e Pt em ninhos de aves presentes na palmeira Mauritia flexuosa Linnaeus, em duas estações climáticas do Brasil Central, foram amostradas 41 palmeiras com evidências de nidificação de Phacellodomus ruber Vieillot, 1817 (22 na estação chuvosa e 19 na estação seca em quatro áreas do Distrito Federal. Os insetos foram capturados usando-se coleta manual na copa da palmeira, identificados morfologicamente, separados por sexo e estádio ninfal. Fezes e glândulas salivares de Rn foram examinadas para verificar infecção por Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas, 1909 e/ou T. rangeli Tejera, 1920. Trinta e cinco palmeiras com ninhos de P. ruber estavam infestadas por Rn (85% e 22 por Pt (53%. 442 indivíduos foram coletados na estação seca (200 Rn e 242 Pt e 267 na estação chuvosa (136 Rn e 131 Pt. O único fator relacionado significativamente com a densidade de triatomíneos nas palmeiras foi a área. A estrutura etária das populações mostrou: a maior abundância de adultos nas populações de Pt, b maior abundância de machos em ambas as espécies e c presença de fêmeas ovipondo em ambas as estações. Nenhum dos 177 triatomíneos examinados estava infectado por T. cruzi ou T. rangeli. A estrutura etária das populações de Rn e Pt não diferiu significativamente entre as estações amostradas, indicando ausência de marcada sazonalidade para essas espécies.Rhodnius neglectus Lent, 1954 {Rn}and Psammolestes tertius Lent & Jurberg, 1965 {Pt} are triatomines that occur in bird nests, mainly furnarid nests. Their biological cycles are known in laboratory conditions and few studies were

VARIAÇÃO BIOMÉTRICA DE DIÁSPOROS DE BURITI (Mauritia flexuosa L.f. – ARECACEAE EM VEREDAS EM DIFERENTES ESTÁGIOS DE CONSERVAÇÃO

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Fabiano dos Santos Matos

2014-12-01

Full Text Available As veredas são fitofisionomias do bioma Cerrado, onde, no estrato arbóreo, predomina a palmeira arbórea Mauritia flexuosa L.f. - buriti, espécie considerada recurso-chave para muitos animais, que a utilizam como moradia e fonte alimentar, e também pelo próprio homem, que usa suas folhas e frutos como matéria-prima e alimento. Apesar de ocorrerem em ambientes protegidos pela legislação ambiental, ações antrópicas nas veredas têm afetado as populações do buriti, por meio da diminuição do número de indivíduos ocasionada por desmatamento, assoreamento e drenagem dessas áreas. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a morfometria de frutos e sementes de buriti oriundos de seis veredas em diferentes estágios de conservação, situadas na Área de Proteção Ambiental do Rio Pandeiros (norte de Minas Gerais. Foram amostrados, no total, 1800 frutos e sementes, que foram mensurados em comprimento, largura, espessura e peso. Para detectar diferenças das medidas morfométricas dos frutos e das sementes entre as áreas de coleta foi feita a análise de variância. Foram observadas variações nas medidas morfométricas de frutos e sementes entre as áreas de estudo, sendo que 87,5% das maiores médias ocorreram em áreas com menores intervenções antrópicas. Esse fato, possivelmente, está relacionado aos impactos ocorridos nas veredas, além das variações genéticas que podem incidir sobre os indivíduos.

Trois palmiers pour trois capitales amazoniennes

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1997-01-01

Full Text Available Les trois grandes capitales amazoniennes ont leur palmier préféré : Euterpe oleracea à Belém, Astrocaryum aculeatum à Manaus, Mauritia flexuosa à Iquitos. Le premier cas trouve une explication simple : Euterpe oleracea est abondant dans la région de Belém et absent des deux autres régions. Les deux autres cas sont plus complexes, car Astrocaryum aculeatum a été propagé, sous l’effet des activités anthropiques, dans la région de Manaus et Mauritia flexuosa, dont l’aire de répartition couvre toute l’Amazonie, ne connaît un réel succès que dans la région occidentale, au Pérou. Ces trois exemples soulignent l’importance des cultures régionales qui conduisent à des utilisations différentes, parfois restrictives, des ressources naturelles et peuvent ainsi constituer une entrave à la mise en valeur du milieu forestier. TRES PALMERAS PARA TRES CAPITALES AMAZÓNICAS. Cada una de las tres grandes capitales amazónicas tiene su palma preferida: Euterpe oleracea es preciada en Belén, Astrocaryum aculeatum en Manaos, y Mauritia flexuosa en Iquitos. El primer caso tiene una explicación simple: Euterpe oleracea abunda en la región de Belén y es ausente en las dos otras regiones. Los dos otros casos se deben a razones más complejas, pues Astrocaryum aculeatum se ha propagado con el efecto de las actividades antrópicas en la región de Manaos, y Mauritia flexuosa, cuya área de distribución cubre toda Amazonía, es afamado únicamente en la región occidental, en el Perú. Estos tres ejemplos ponen de manifiesto la importancia de las culturas regionales que acarrean utilizaciones diferentes, a veces restrictivas, de los recursos naturales y pueden así constituir una traba al manejo del medio selvático. THREE PALMS FOR THREE AMAZONIAN CAPITAL CITIES. Each of the three Amazonian capital cities has its favorite palm: Euterpe oleracea for Belém, Astrocaryum aculeatum for Manaus, and Mauritia flexuosa for Iquitos. While the

An ethanol-based process to simultaneously extract and fractionate carotenoids from Mauritia flexuosa L. Pulp Uso do etanol comercial para extração e fracionamento simultâneo de carotenóides de Mauritia flexuosa L. Pulp

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Bernardo Dias Ribeiro

2010-09-01

Full Text Available Mauritia vinifera (buriti is a palm tree that grows wild in different areas of Brazil, particularly in the Amazonian region. The buriti oil is rich in carotenoids, especially in β-carotene. The growing interest in other natural sources of β-carotene has stimulated the industrial use of buriti as a raw material for pulp oil extraction. Most processes are based on the conventional technologies, involving drying and pressing the pulp for oil recovery and further separation of carotenoids in a liquid phase using organics solvents. In the present work, the ethanol-based process was evaluated for simultaneous carotenoids recovering and fractionating from buriti pulp. The raw material and ethanol, 1:4 ratio, were placed in an erlenmeyer flask and maintained at 30rpm for 1 hour in a temperature-controlled bath at 65ºC. The mixture was filtered under vacuum and cooling at 10ºC to allow for the separation of the solvent in two phases. Carotenoids composition, determined by HPLC, has indicated a β-carotene concentration about 12 times greater in the lower phase than in the upper phase. The profile of the carotenoids in the denser phase is quite similar to that of raw buriti oil, and the concentration of total carotenoids is 40% higher than that of the original raw oil, making the ethanol-based process particularly attractive for industrial applications.Mauritia vinifera (buriti é uma palmeira nativa de diferentes regiões do Brasil, particularmente na região Amazônica. O óleo de buriti é rico em carotenóides, especialmente em β-caroteno. A demanda por fontes naturais de β-caroteno tem contribuído para aumentar a industrialização do fruto de buriti pelas usinas de extração de óleos vegetais. O processo mais adotado baseia-se em tecnologias convencionais envolvendo as etapas de despolpamento, secagem e prensagem da polpa para extração do óleo, seguida da separação dos carotenoides em uma fase líquida usando solventes org

Notas sobre palmas colombianas y una del Brasil

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Dugand Armando

1941-11-01

Full Text Available Por mucho tiempo se ha creído que la palma de moriche de los Llanos orientales, en la región del Meta, era la Mauritia flexuosa L. f., especie típica del genero y originaria de Surinam. Al menos todas las obras botánicas publicadas por autores colombianos sobre la flora de nuestro país coinciden en la identificación anotada, incluso mi reciente trabajo sobre las Palmas de Colombia (Caldasia: 1: 22 y 32. 1940. Sin embargo, en este último trabajo, -que no es más que una nómina preliminar de las palmas descritas o señaladas en Colombia mientras adelanto su estudio sistemático en detalle, -identifiqué como Mauritia minor Burret unos frutos procedentes del Meta y sólo incluía la M. flexuosa ateniéndome a los autores que había consultado, suponiendo que ellos estarían en lo cierto respecto a la existencia de esta especie en Colombia, ya que no contaba yo con material autentico colombiano de la misma. Creía pues que realmente existieran ambas especies, M. flexuosa L.f.. y M. minor Burret, en nuestros Llanos, pero circunstancias recientes han venido a rectificar mi criterio.

Greenhouse gas emissions along a peat swamp forest degradation gradient in the Peruvian Amazon

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Lent, van Jeffrey; Hergoualc’h, Kristell; Verchot, Louis; Oenema, Oene; Groenigen, van Jan Willem

2018-01-01

Tropical peatlands in the Peruvian Amazon exhibit high densities of Mauritia flexuosa palms, which are often cut instead of being climbed for collecting their fruits. This is an important type of forest degradation in the region that could lead to changes in the structure and composition of the

Conservação dos recursos hídricos em brejos de altitude: o caso de Brejo dos Cavalos, Caruaru, PE Conservation of water resources in humid areas in Northeastern Brazil: a case study of "Brejo dos Cavalos", Caruaru, PE

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Ricardo A. P. Braga

2002-12-01

Full Text Available Brejos de altitude são formações vegetais disjuntas da Mata Atlântica, que ocorrem no Agreste de Pernambuco e Paraíba, como ilhas de umidade no ambiente semi-árido da Caatinga. O Parque Vasconcelos Sobrinho, situado na Serra dos Cavalos, em Caruaru, PE, é um exemplo do pouco que resta desses brejos na região. Com 359 ha, abriga uma floresta exuberante e diversos corpos d'água, porém vem sofrendo intenso processo de degradação, em decorrência da agricultura irrigada em seu interior e da exploração de argila no entorno. Para uma caracterização dos recursos hídricos foram obtidos, no período de 1998 a 2000, dados de chuva, de vazão nos riachos do Chuchu e Capoeirão, e de qualidade da água, nos dois cursos d'água e nos três maiores reservatórios existentes no Parque. No estudo de demandas pelo uso da água, ênfase maior foi dada aos conflitos da atividade de irrigação em relação ao uso da água para abastecimento público e à preservação dos ecossistemas locais. Neste trabalho, conclui-se que em Brejo dos Cavalos a precipitação pluviométrica é superior a do seu entorno, devido a razões orográficas e à própria existência da floresta remanescente, mas o desmatamento progressivo tende a alterar as condições microclimáticas locais. Neste contexto, o cultivo do chuchu é o principal consumidor de água no Parque, gerando perda de vazão dos cursos d'água e menor aporte para os reservatórios, os quais já começaram a sofrer assoreamento, devido a processos erosivos gerados sobretudo pelos desmontes na exploração da argila. Tais constatações exigem ação imediata do poder público, principalmente a implantação de um Plano de Manejo para o Parque.Humid areas at high altitude are found in semi-arid region of Pernambuco and Paraíba in Northeastern Brazil. Although the vegetation in the surrounding area is the semi-arid 'caatinga', in these high altitude areas, natural vegetation is similar to that of the

Mauritinus seferi Bondar, 1960: bionomy, description of immature stages and redescription of adult (Coleoptera, Curculionidae

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Márcio Luís Leitão Barbosa

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Mature larvae of Mauritinus seferi Bondar, 1960 were collected in the mesocarp of murity palm (Mauritia flexuosa Linnaeus, in the State of Pará, Brazil. Larvae were reared to pupa and adults in the laboratory. Mature larva and pupa are described and adult redescribed. Adult and immature are illustrated for the first time. Observations about bionomy are included and discussed.

Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Potential of Palm Leaf Extracts from Babaçu (Attalea speciosa, Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa, and Macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata

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Adriana Idalina Torcato de Oliveira

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Babaçu (A. speciosa, Buriti (M. flexuosa, and Macaúba (A. aculeata are palm trees typical of the ecotone area between Cerrado and the Amazon rainforest. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of the extracts prepared from the leaves of those palms as well as determine their chemical compositions. The ethanol extracts were prepared in a Soxhlet apparatus and tested by disk diffusion and agar dilution technique against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, and Candida parapsilosis. However, there was no significant activity at concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 mg·Ml−1. Moreover, the phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, catechins, steroids, triterpenes, and saponins. Gas chromatography (GC/MS analysis also identified organic acids, such as capric (decanoic acid, lauric (dodecanoic acid, myristic (tetradecanoic acid, phthalic (1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, palmitic (hexadecanoic acid, stearic (octadecanoic acid, linoleic (9,12-octadecadienoic acid (omega-6, linolenic (octadecatrienoic acid (omega-3, and the terpenes citronellol and phytol. Based on the chemical composition in the palm leaf extracts, the palms have the potential to be useful in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.

Useful palms (Arecaceae near Iquitos, Peruvian Amazon

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Henrik Balslev

2014-03-01

Full Text Available This paper describes the uses of 64 species of palms in 28 villages in Departamento de Loreto, Peru. There, the palms are of great use as food (Bactris gasipaes, Mauritia flexuosa, Euterpe precatoria, Oenocarpus bataua, for fiber production (Astrocaryum chambira, Aphandra natalia, for construction of houses (Euterpe precatoria, Iriartea deltoidea,Socratea exorrhiza, thatching (many species of Attalea, Lepidocaryum tenue and for many medicinal purposes (Euterpe precatoria, Oenocarpus bataua.

Root fungal colonisation in Deschampsia flexuosa: Effects of pollution and neighbouring trees

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ruotsalainen, Anna Liisa; Markkola, Annamari; Kozlov, Mikhail V.

2007-01-01

In industrial barrens adjacent to a nickel-copper smelter at Monchegorsk, the Kola Peninsula, root colonisation in Deschampsia flexuosa by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM)-type of hyphae was lower than in unpolluted forests (60.9 vs. 80.4%), while Olpidium-colonisation showed a marginally significant decline, and dark septate endophytic (DSE) hyphal colonisation was not affected. We detected an interactive effect of pollution and a neighbouring tree on DSE hyphal colonisation: at the highly polluted sites, colonisation was lower in D. flexuosa growing near trees, whereas at sites with low pollution the presence of the neighbouring tree had no effect on colonisation. High numbers of intracellular DSE sclerotia in the industrial barrens (13.3 vs. 3.4%) may indicate a survial strategy in an unfavourable environment and a dispersal strategy into a more favourable environment. While lower root colonisation by AM fungi has been also earlier reported in graminoids for heavy metal contamination, the results on other ubiquitous fungi colonising D. flexuosa roots are more novel. - Severe pollution decreased root colonisation by some fungal groups; neighbouring trees decreased root colonisation by dark septate endophytic fungi in highly polluted sites

Root fungal colonisation in Deschampsia flexuosa: Effects of pollution and neighbouring trees

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Ruotsalainen, Anna Liisa [Botanical Museum, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FIN-90014 Oulu (Finland) and Section of Ecology, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku (Finland)]. E-mail: annu.ruotsalainen@oulu.fi; Markkola, Annamari [Department of Biology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FIN-90014 Oulu (Finland) and Department of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, FIN-15140 Lahti (Finland)]. E-mail: annamari.markkola@oulu.fi; Kozlov, Mikhail V. [Section of Ecology, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku (Finland)]. E-mail: mikoz@utu.fi

2007-06-15

In industrial barrens adjacent to a nickel-copper smelter at Monchegorsk, the Kola Peninsula, root colonisation in Deschampsia flexuosa by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM)-type of hyphae was lower than in unpolluted forests (60.9 vs. 80.4%), while Olpidium-colonisation showed a marginally significant decline, and dark septate endophytic (DSE) hyphal colonisation was not affected. We detected an interactive effect of pollution and a neighbouring tree on DSE hyphal colonisation: at the highly polluted sites, colonisation was lower in D. flexuosa growing near trees, whereas at sites with low pollution the presence of the neighbouring tree had no effect on colonisation. High numbers of intracellular DSE sclerotia in the industrial barrens (13.3 vs. 3.4%) may indicate a survial strategy in an unfavourable environment and a dispersal strategy into a more favourable environment. While lower root colonisation by AM fungi has been also earlier reported in graminoids for heavy metal contamination, the results on other ubiquitous fungi colonising D. flexuosa roots are more novel. - Severe pollution decreased root colonisation by some fungal groups; neighbouring trees decreased root colonisation by dark septate endophytic fungi in highly polluted sites.

Spatial characterization of Leptospira spp. infection in equids from the Brejo Paraibano micro-region in Brazil

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Ruy Brayner Oliveira Filho

2014-05-01

Full Text Available The present study, the first to spatially characterize Leptospira spp. infection among equids in the Brejo Paraibano micro-region of the Paraiba state in the northeast of Brazil, investigated 257 animals in 26 farms properties. Serum samples from 204 horses, 46 mules and seven donkeys were serologically diagnosed using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT. The distribution of Leptospira spp. was studied by employing specific antigens from 24 different Leptospira serovars. All farms were georeferenced and their distribution visualised on a map of the Brejo Paraibano micro-region. In addition, rainfall data were obtained from the same year, in which the sampling was performed. Among the 20 farms found to harbour animals with leptospirosis, 14 (70% exhibited low prevalence, five (25% medium prevalence and one (5%, high prevalence. Certain areas had a higher density of infected farms and required intervention to control the infection. Many serovars were widely distributed, while others were more common in particular areas. There was no significant association between the prevalence of Leptospira spp. infection and rainfall.

Chroococcales em Esteiras Microbianas em Bolha do Brejo do Pau Fincado, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.

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Loreine Hermida da Silva e Silva

2007-07-01

Full Text Available Chroococcales in blister microbial mats at brejo do Pau Fincado, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.Brejo do Pau Fincado (220 55’ 56,75” S e 420 16’ 54,7” W is a natural natural coastal aquatical body. It is located at the Lagoa de Araruama complex, formed at least 7000 years ago. The local climate is characterized by low precipitation ratesand high evaporation rates; due to this, the lagoons tend to become ypersalyne. Microbial mats are organic-sedimentary structures composed mainly of cyanobacteria. Whilst the photosynthesis process cyanobacteria induct an environmental change, which leads to calcium carbonate precipitation. The aim of this study was to typify and identify the cyanobacteria at the blister microbial mat. Samples were processed and analyzed using an optical microscope. The blister mat is composed of twelve species of cyanobacteria disposed in a fragile and amorphous mass. In this structure, both quantitative andqualitative domains belong to Chroococcales Westtein 1924. Measurement has shown that the place is very selective, andcyanobacteria presented great resistance and adaptability, because they are forms which had got success surviving to big changes occurred on Earth since the beginning of life and the evolutionary history .

Engaging plant anatomy and local knowledge on the buriti palm ( Mauritia flexuosa L.f.: Arecaceae): the microscopic world meets the golden grass artisan's perspective

Science.gov (United States)

Viana, Rebeca V. R.; Scatena, Vera L.; Eichemberg, Mayra T.; Sano, Paulo T.

2018-03-01

Considering that both Western Science and Local Knowledge Systems share a common ground—observations of the natural world—the dialogue between them should not only be possible, but fruitful. Local communities whose livelihoods depend on traditional uses of the local biodiversity not only develop knowledge about nature, making several uses of such knowledge, but, with that process, several inquiries about nature can be raised. Here we present our experience with the engagement of Western Science with golden grass artisan's knowledge about the buriti palm ( M. flexuosa). We applied 25 semi-directive interviews, combined with field diary and participative observation, in two quilombola communities from Jalapão region (Central-Brazil). One of the inquiries that emerged from the artisan's perspectives was about the differences between male and female buriti palms' fiber. We then engaged both local and scientific perspectives regarding this issue using plant anatomy as a dialogue instrument. Here we describe this experience and resort to Paulo Freire's ideas on dialogue to argue that, to integrate Western Science and Local Knowledge Systems in a collaborative and contextualized perspective, the research should be faced as a mutual learning practice.

Tapetes Microbianos Lisos Estratificados do Brejo do Espinho, RJ, Brasil.

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Loreine Hermida da Silva e Silva

2007-07-01

Full Text Available Bogs are ecosystems found mainly in lower zones that separates inner and outer sandy terraces, and rivers and streams from valleys. These environments are always flooded or suffer seasonal flooding or can stay dry in a extended dry season. Its shallow waters increase the role of the sediment in the maintenance of such ecosystem. The Brejo do Espinho (22º56’ S and 42º14’W is a coastal body of water located 108 km from Rio de Janeiro city where are observed the development of thick microbial mats (about 2-4 cm in thickness. Aiming the characterization of the microbial mats, was made monthly collections in five collects in stations located in the bog borders. Microbial mats samples were taken using a spatula, deposited into plastics vials and later fixed with 4% formaldeid solution. For identification of the cyanobacterias, fresh and permanent slides were made. Smooth layered microbial mats present in subtidal and intertida regions are composed by thin layers with different colors: green, red and brown, who show also distinct cyanobacterialcomposition. These structures show stratus of cohesive lamina with low lithification. Analysis revealed 27 species of cyanobacterias. Chroococcaceae Nägeli 1849 family was the main family found with 37% of the total frequency followed by Phormidiaceae Anagnostidis & Komárek 1988 family with 18,5%, Synechococcaceae Komárek & Anagnostidis 1995 family with 11,1%, Pseudanabaenaceae Anagnostidis & Komárek 1988 family with 11,1%, Entophysalidaceae Geitler1925 family with 7,4%, Schizothricaceae Elenkin 1934 family with 7,4% and Oscillatoriaceae Gomont 1892 family with 7,4%. The domain of cyanobacterias in the Brejo do Espinho reflects its general plasticity that allows them to adapt to hostile conditions of the environment.

Recruitment potential of a green alga Ulva flexuosa Wolfen dark preserved zoospore and its development

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Imchen, T.

Green Alga Ulva flexuosa Wulfen Dark Preserved Zoospore and Its Development Temjensangba Imchen* National Institute of Oceanography (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Goa, India Abstract The recruitment potential and the ability of Ulva... factors play a role in the process of recruitment. Citation: Imchen T (2012) Recruitment Potential of a Green Alga Ulva flexuosa Wulfen Dark Preserved Zoospore and Its Development. PLoS ONE 7(3): e32651. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0032651 Editor: Ross...

Vitamins in fruits and vegetables of the Amazon. 1. Methods for the determination of β—carotene, tocopherol and ascorbic acid with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)

OpenAIRE

Marx, F.; Maia, J.G.S.

1983-01-01

Summary At the beginning of on inventory of the chemical composition of regional fruits and vegetables of the Amazon, analytical methods were adapted for the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) determination of pro-vitamin A (β—carotene), vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and vitamin E (tocopherol) The first analyses indicate as excellent sources of β—carotene, Mauritia flexuosa L., Astrocaryum tucuma Mart. and Cucurbita pepa L.; of asco bic acid Theobroma grandiflorum (Culis ex Spreng.) Sc...

Estructura y estado de conservación de los bosques de Prosopis flexuosa D.C. (Fabaceae, subfamilia: Mimosoideae en el noreste de Mendoza (Argentina Structure and conservative condition of the Prosopis flexuosa D.C. (Fabaceae, subfamily: Mimosoideae woodlands in northeast Mendoza (Argentina

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JUAN AGUSTÍN ALVAREZ

2006-03-01

Full Text Available La recomendación de normas de manejo que regulen el uso de los recursos forestales debe estar basada en el conocimiento de la estructura y dinámica de los mismos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer la estructura poblacional de las principales unidades boscosas del bosque de Prosopis flexuosa del noreste de Mendoza, sus condiciones sanitarias y su potencial productivo. Se muestrearon un total de 1.471 algarrobos en las cuatro unidades boscosas más representativas. La densidad total de algarrobos fue la siguiente: bosque semicerrado de P. flexuosa con Atriplex lampa y Lycium tenuispinosum en valles intermédanos (Bosque 1: 181 árboles ha-1, bosque abierto de P. flexuosa con Trichomaria usillo y Suaeda divaricata en ondulaciones (Bosque 2: 155 árboles ha-1, bosque abierto de P. flexuosa con T. usillo (Bosque 3: 233 árboles ha-1 y bosque abierto de P. flexuosa con A. lampa en ondulaciones suaves (Bosque 4: 215 árboles ha-1. El análisis de componentes principales de la estructura diamétrica agrupó los sitios relevados en las distintas unidades boscosas según la proporción de árboles de diámetro basal mayor a 25 cm. Los sitios del Bosque 1 (mayor proporción de árboles grandes, se separaron de los sitios con mayor proporción árboles pequeños (bosques 2 y 4. Debido al hábito de crecimiento de los algarrobos, la cantidad de productos maderables de estos bosques es baja. Además, P. flexuosa presenta en el área un porcentaje alto de individuos con más de dos fustes, la forma en muchos casos es decumbente y la altura de los fustes es menor a un metro. Por lo tanto, el potencial forestal del bosque es bajo y el posible aprovechamiento debería realizarse a escala local, considerando la inclusión de otras actividades complementarias en zonas establecidas para tal finThe recommendation of management rules that regulate the use of forest resources must be based on the knowledge of the structure and dynamics of forests. This work

Potencial fitotóxico de Dicranopteris flexuosa (Schrad. Underw. (Gleicheniaceae Phytotoxic potential of Dicranopteris flexuosa (Schrad. Underw. (Gleicheniaceae

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Valerí Schmidt da Silva

2011-03-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o potencial fitotóxico do extrato etanólico bruto e das frações semipurificadas de Dicranopteris flexuosa por meio de bioensaios de germinação e crescimento de Lactuca sativa L. (alface, Lycopersicon esculentum L. (tomate, Allium cepa L. (cebola e Triticum aestivum L. (trigo em laboratório e casa de vegetação e quantificar o teor total de fenóis e flavonóides dos extratos e frações. Nos bioensaios realizados em laboratório foram utilizadas quatro concentrações (0, 250, 500, 1000 mg L-1, com quatro repetições de 50 sementes. A análise dos resultados indica redução da velocidade e/ou inibição da germinação, estímulo do crescimento da raiz das eudicotiledôneas e inibição da raiz adventícia das monocotiledôneas estudadas. Nos bioensaios realizados em casa de vegetação foram utilizadas as mesmas concentrações dos bioensaios em laboratório, com oito repetições de cinco sementes por vaso. A análise dos resultados indica que o comprimento da raiz foi afetado pelo extrato etanólico bruto, ocorrendo estímulo em tomate e inibição em cebola e trigo. A produção de massa seca da parte aérea foi estimulada na menor concentração em alface e trigo. A fração acetato de etila foi a que apresentou os maiores teores de fenóis e flavonóides totais. Embora os resultados sejam preliminares, observa-se que o extrato etanólico e as frações semipurificadas de D. flexuosa também contêm substâncias que interferem no crescimento das plântulas de alface, tomate, cebola e trigo.This work aimed to determine the phytotoxic potential of crude ethanol extract and semipurified fractions of Dicranopteris flexuosa on the germination and growth of Lactuca sativa L. (lettuce, Lycopersicon esculentum L. (tomato, Allium cepa L. (onion and Triticum aestivum L. (wheat in laboratory and greenhouse bioassays and determine total phenolic and flavonoid content. For the tests carried out in

Temporal Dynamics and Resource Availability for Drosophilid Fruit Flies (Insecta, Diptera in a Gallery Forest in the Brazilian Savanna

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Henrique Valadão

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Seasonality can cause severe bottlenecks in natural populations, even leading to local extinction. Large variation in resource availability may explain the bottlenecks, but the role of these variations is still poorly understood. The goal of this study was to analyze if temporal variations in the guild of drosophilids breeding in fruits of Mauritia flexuosa (Arecaceae can be explained by the shortage of this resource during the dry season. Fruits of M. flexuosa were collected over one year in a gallery forest located in the Central Brazilian Savanna. The drosophilid assemblage varied over time, with a lower density of species and of individuals in the dry season, when the percentage of colonized fruits was also smaller. These findings suggest that although the fruits were available during the dry season, they were underused. This way, the resource availability does not seem to regulate the community in the dry season.

Temporal Dynamics and Resource Availability for Drosophilid Fruit Flies (Insect, Diptera) in a Gallery Forest in the Brazilian Savanna

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Valadao, H.; Du Vall Hay, J.; Tidon, R.

2010-01-01

Seasonality can cause severe bottlenecks in natural populations, even leading to local extinction. Large variation in resource availability may explain the bottlenecks, but the role of these variations is still poorly understood. The goal of this study was to analyze if temporal variations in the guild of drosophilids breeding in fruits of Mauritia flexuosa (Arecaceae) can be explained by the shortage of this resource during the dry season. Fruits of M. flexuosa were collected over one year in a gallery forest located in the Central Brazilian Savanna. The drosophilid assemblage varied over time, with a lower density of species and of individuals in the dry season, when the percentage of colonized fruits was also smaller. These findings suggest that although the fruits were available during the dry season, they were under used. This way, the resource availability does not seem to regulate the community in the dry season.

Formation of alkanes alkylcycloalkanes and alkylbenzenes during the catalytic hydrocracking of vegetable oils

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Filho, G.N. da Rocha; Brodzki, D.; Djega-Mariadassou, G. (Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris (France). Lab. Reactivite de Surface et Structure)

1993-04-01

Catalytic hydrocracking of vegetable oils was performed in the presence of a NiMo/[gamma]-Al[sub 2]O[sub 3] catalyst sulfided in situ with elemental sulfur under hydrogen pressure. Various vegetable oils were selected to study the effect of the degree of saturation and lateral chain length: [ital Passiflora edulis] (maracuja), [ital Astrocaryum vulgare] (tucuma), [ital Mauritia flexuosa] (buriti), [ital Orbygnya martiana] (babassu) and soybean. The effects of reaction temperature and hydrogen pressure in cyclization were studied. Carboxylic acids were used as model compounds. 29 refs., 5 figs., 5 tabs.

Estimación de la biomasa foliar de Prosopis flexuosa mediante relaciones alométricas Estimation of leaf biomass in Prosopis flexuosa by means of allometric relationships

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M. Ledesma

2010-12-01

Full Text Available La estimación alométrica de la biomasa foliar arbórea es necesaria para determinar la producción primaria y para analizar algunas de las interacciones ecológicas entre los árboles y los demás componentes de la vegetación. El objetivo del trabajo fue ajustar y seleccionar modelos para estimar la biomasa foliar de Prosopis flexuosa a partir de variables dendrométricas. Se apearon seis árboles, se midió su diámetro y se calculó el área de albura de muestras transversales de leño, en cuatro niveles: en los órdenes de ramificación dentro de la copa viva (ramas secundarias, terciarias y cuaternarias agrupadas, en el extremo distal de las ramas primarias y en los extremos distal y basal del fuste. Se recolectaron las hojas correspondientes a cada nivel y se obtuvo el peso seco. El área de albura fue la mejor variable predictora de biomasa foliar, aunque el diámetro tuvo buen ajuste en ramas dentro de la copa viva y en ramas primarias. Los modelos calculados con variables de fuste tuvieron menor ajuste. Se concluye que para la estimación no destructiva de la biomasa foliar de plantas adultas de Prosopis flexuosa es recomendable utilizar el modelo basado en el diámetro distal de las ramas primarias.The estimation of leaf biomass, usually performed by alometric relations, is important for the interpretation of primary production and for the assessment of ecological interactions between trees and the rest of the components in a wood vegetation. The goal for the present work was to adjust and to select allometric models for the estimation of leaf biomass Prosopis flexuosa based on dendrometric variables. Six trees were surveyed. The diameter and sapwood area of transversal samples of wood were determined at four different levels: in the orders of ramification within living crown (secondary, tertiary and quaternary grouped branches, at the distal portions of primary branches and in the apical and basal portions of bole. The leaves were

Crescimento e bromatologia do feijão-bravo (Capparis flexuosa L. em área de Caatinga no Curimataú paraibano, Brasil Growth and bromatology of Capparis flexuosa at Curimatau region, Paraiba state, Brazil

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Jorge Xavier de Almeida Neto

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar aspectos relacionados com o crescimento e a bromatologia do feijão-bravo (Capparis flexuosa L. em uma área no Curimataú, Semiárido Paraibano. Para a análise da evolução do crescimento desta espécie formou-se quatro grupos de plantas segundo a classe de altura: GI até 0,50 m; GII de 0,51 a 1 m; GIII de 1,01 a 1,50 m e GIV a >1,51 m. No período de março a dezembro de 2007 determinou-se a altura e o número de ramos dos indivíduos, sendo o diâmetro do caule registrado de março a setembro. Avaliou-se também, a composição bromatológica das folhas e talos do feijão-bravo. Em todos os grupos, o feijão-bravo apresentou crescimento lento no período chuvoso. Entretanto, até o mês de agosto, observou-se o aumento no número de ramos das plantas, independente do grupo estabelecido. No Período amostrado, não se constatou diferença (p > 0,05 entre plantas em termos de diâmetro, em todos os grupos amostrados. Os dados bromatológicos registrados foram os seguintes: matéria orgânica (91,95%; cinzas (8,05%; matéria seca (47,1% e umidade (52,9%. Os teores de proteína bruta (8,13%; fibra bruta (32,32%; extrato etéreo (5,37%; e energia bruta (5.015 cal g-1 do feijão-bravo, dado a estas características, sugerem que esta espécie apresenta potencial para ser utilizada como forrageira.The general aim of this study was to describe the growth and bromatology of Capparis flexuosa L. in an area of Caatinga, Paraiba State, Brazil. To analyze the growth evolution, the plants were divided in four groups according to the height classes: GI until 0.50 m; GII from 0.51 to 1 m; GIII from 1.01 to 1.50 m and GIV above >1.51 m; the plants height, the number of branches and the basal diameter were determined, in the period between March and December, 2007. The bromatological composition of leaves and branches of Capparis flexuosa was evaluated. It was showed, in all groups, that Capparis flexuosa

Las palmas entre los grupos cazadores-recolectores de la Amazonia Colombiana

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Morcote Ríos Gaspar

1998-06-01

Full Text Available We compare past and present systems of management of palms in the Colombian Amazon, based on archaeological studies of preceramic groups in the middle Caquetá region and ethnographic research on the nomadic Nukak people, who inhabit northeastern Guaviare department. Astrocaryum aculeatum, Attalea maripe, Mauritia flexuosa, Oenocarpus bataua, Oenocarpus bacaba y Oenocarpus mapora, have been used from the early Holocene through the present time. Among these, Oenocarpus bataua has remained the most important food species. We conclude that one of the mananging strategies of the tropical rain forest is the simultaneous improvement of ecological units, especially in the tertiary sedimentary plains, and that such management probably has a long history in the region.Se presenta una comparación sobre el manejo de las palmas en la Amazonia Colombiana, basado en los resultados de un estudio arqueológico de grupos precerámicos en la región del Medio Caquetá y uno etnográfico del pueblo nómada Nukak que habita la zona nororiental del departamento del Guaviare. Se encontró que Astrocaryum aculeatum, A ttalea maripa, Mauritia flexuosa, Oenocarpus bataua, Oenocarpus bacaba y Oenocarpus mapora son algunas de las palmas usadas desde el Holoceno temprano hasta el presente. Entre estas Oenocarpus bataua es la especie más importante como fuente de alimento. Así mismo, se concluye que una de las estrategias de manejo en el bosque húmedo tropical es el aprovechamiento simultáneo de diferentes unidades ecológicas, con predominio del plano sedimentario terciario. Es probable que este tipo de manejo tenga en la región una larga historia.

Anatomy of pneumatophore of Mauritia vinifera mart

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Luiz Alfredo Rodrigues Pereira

2000-01-01

Full Text Available Pneumatophores of Mauritia vinifera Mart. were collected from six month-old plants maintained submerged in fresh water to induce pneumatophore formation. Twenty day-old pneumatophores had a quite prominent root cap. The epidermis was composed of hexagonal cells, tangentially distributed along the cylindric surface of the organ. In transverse section these pneumatophores had a simple epidermis over several layers of sclerified parenchyma, which covered an aerenchyma with large intercellular spaces. The endodermal cells had Casparian strips. The vascular cylinder was polyarch, with a pith and surrounded by a unisseriate pericycle. Anatomically the 4 month-old pneumatophores were similar to the younger ones, except for the absence of the epidermis. The epidermis is replaced by a protective tissue, whose lignified and suberized cells projected themselves outwards, giving it a filamentous aspect. There was no accumulation of starch or tannins in the pneumatophores, except for the presence of statoliths in the root cap. No lenticels were observed in pneumatophores of M. vinifera. The main function of the pneumatophores of M. vinifera is to allow gas exchange, facilitating the supply of oxygen to the submerged root portions.Pneumatóforos de Mauritia vinifera Mart. foram coletados de plantas com seis meses de idade mantidas submersas em água com o objetivo de induzir a formação de pneumatóforos. Peumatóforos com 20 dias de idade possuem uma coifa bastante proeminente na raiz. A epiderme é composta de células hexagonais, tangencialmente distribuídas ao longo da superfície cilíndrica do orgão. Em seção transversal os pneumatóforos possuem epiderme simples. O córtex é formado por um parênquima esclerificado, um aerênquima com espaços grandes intercelulares e uma endoderme cujas células possuem estrias de Caspary. O cilindro vascular é poliarco, com medula e cercado por um periciclo unisseriado. Anatomicamente os pneumatóforos com 4

Genetic diversity in natural populations of Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L. f.

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Liene Rocha Picanço Gomes

2011-01-01

Full Text Available This study aimed to characterize the genetic diversity of buriti populations by AFLP (Amplified Fragment LengthPolymorphism markers. The analysis was performed in four populations used by traditional communities in the state of Amazonia(Bom Jesus do Anamã, Lauro Sodré, Santa Luzia do Buiçuzinho, and Esperança II. From each population 30 plants wererandomly selected. To obtain the markers four primer combinations were used. The percentage of polymorphic loci was estimated,the molecular variance among and within populations analyzed and a dendrogram constructed. The primers detected 339 polymorphicloci ranging from 81.1 % to 91.1 % among populations. Analysis of molecular variance attributed 77.18 % to variation within and22.8 % to variation between populations. The dendrogram indicated the formation of two groups, showing that the populations ofBom Jesus do Anamã and Lauro Sodré are genetically most similar and thet the genetic and geographical distances are notcorrelated.

Quality characteristics and thermal behavior of buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L.) oil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Freitas, M.L.F.; Chisté, R.C.; Polachini, T.C.; Sardella, L.A.C.Z.; Aranha, C.P.M.; Ribeiro, A.P.B.; Nicoletti, V.R.

2017-01-01

This work reports a complete characterization of buriti oil. Physicochemical properties were determined according to AOCS methodologies and thermophysical properties were measured using a controlled stress rheometer and a digital electronic density meter. β-carotene and tocopherol contents were obtained using HPLC systems. Fatty acids and acylglycerol classes were determined using GC and HPSEC systems, respectively, while triacylglycerol composition was estimated using the software PrOleos. Thermal behavior (crystallization and melting) was analyzed using a DSC. The results attested high levels of total carotenoids with β-carotene as the major one; total tocopherols contained α- and β-tocopherols which accounted for 91% of the total; and monounsaturated fatty acids were mainly represented by oleic acid. The results showed close agreement between density and viscosity of buriti and olive oils. The crystallization and melting peaks occurred at -43.06 °C and -2.73 °C, respectively. These properties enable Buriti oil to be recommended as an excellent alternative for enriching foods with bioactive compounds. [es

Quality characteristics and thermal behavior of buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L. oil

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M. L.F. Freitas

2018-01-01

Full Text Available This work reports a complete characterization of buriti oil. Physicochemical properties were determined according to AOCS methodologies and thermophysical properties were measured using a controlled stress rheometer and a digital electronic density meter. β-carotene and tocopherol contents were obtained using HPLC systems. Fatty acids and acylglycerol classes were determined using GC and HPSEC systems, respectively, while triacylglycerol composition was estimated using the software PrOleos. Thermal behavior (crystallization and melting was analyzed using a DSC. The results attested high levels of total carotenoids with β-carotene as the major one; total tocopherols contained α- and β-tocopherols which accounted for 91% of the total; and monounsaturated fatty acids were mainly represented by oleic acid. The results showed close agreement between density and viscosity of buriti and olive oils. The crystallization and melting peaks occurred at -43.06 °C and -2.73 °C, respectively. These properties enable Buriti oil to be recommended as an excellent alternative for enriching foods with bioactive compounds.

Seasonal variation in the abundance and distribution of Anomalocardia flexuosa (Mollusca, Bivalvia, Veneridae in an estuarine intertidal plain

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Jacqueline S. Silva-Cavalcanti

2018-02-01

Full Text Available Spatial and temporal density and biomass of the infaunal mollusk Anomalocardia flexuosa (Linnaeus, 1767 evaluated a tidal plain at Goiana estuary (Northeast Brazil. Three hundred and sixty core samples were taken during an annual cycle from three intertidal habitats (A, B and C. Shell ranged from 2.20 to 28.48 mm (15.08 ± 4.08 mm. Recruitment occurred more intensely from January to March. Total (0–1,129 g m−2 differed seasons (rainy and dry, with highest values in the early rainy season (221.0 ± 231.44 g m−2; and lowest values in the late dry season (57.34 ± 97 g m−2. The lowest occurred during the late rainy (319 ± 259 ind m−2 and early dry (496 ± 607 ind m−2 seasons. Extreme environmental situations (e.g., river flow, salinity and water temperature at the end of each season also affected density ranges (late dry: 0–5,798 ind m−2; late rainy: 0–1,170 ind m−2. A. flexuosa in the Goiana estuary presented a dominance of juvenile individuals (shell length < 20 mm, with high biomass main the recruitment period. Average shell length, density and biomass values suggest overfishing of the stock unit. A. flexuosa is an important food and income resource along its whole distribution range. The species was previously also known as Anomalocardia brasiliana (Gmelin, 1791.

Quality characteristics and thermal behavior of buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L.) oil; Parámetros de calidad y comportamiento térmico del aceite de buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L.).

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Freitas, M.L.F.; Chisté, R.C.; Polachini, T.C.; Sardella, L.A.C.Z.; Aranha, C.P.M.; Ribeiro, A.P.B.; Nicoletti, V.R.

2017-07-01

This work reports a complete characterization of buriti oil. Physicochemical properties were determined according to AOCS methodologies and thermophysical properties were measured using a controlled stress rheometer and a digital electronic density meter. β-carotene and tocopherol contents were obtained using HPLC systems. Fatty acids and acylglycerol classes were determined using GC and HPSEC systems, respectively, while triacylglycerol composition was estimated using the software PrOleos. Thermal behavior (crystallization and melting) was analyzed using a DSC. The results attested high levels of total carotenoids with β-carotene as the major one; total tocopherols contained α- and β-tocopherols which accounted for 91% of the total; and monounsaturated fatty acids were mainly represented by oleic acid. The results showed close agreement between density and viscosity of buriti and olive oils. The crystallization and melting peaks occurred at -43.06 °C and -2.73 °C, respectively. These properties enable Buriti oil to be recommended as an excellent alternative for enriching foods with bioactive compounds. [Spanish] En este trabajo realiza una completa caracterización del aceite de buriti. Las propiedades fisicoquímicas se llevaron a cabo de acuerdo con las metodologías AOCS y se midieron las propiedades termo-físicas usando un reómetro de esfuerzo controlado y un medidor de densidad electrónico digital. Se obtuvieron los contenidos de β-caroteno y tocoferol utilizando HPLC. Los ácidos grasos y las diferentes clases de acilgliceroles se determinaron utilizando GC y HPSEC, respectivamente, mientras que la composición de triacilglicéridos se estimó utilizando el software PrOleos. El comportamiento térmico (cristalización y fusión) se analizó utilizando un DSC. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto altos niveles de carotenoides totales con β-caroteno como mayoritario, tocoferoles totales, con α- y β-tocoferoles que representan el 91% del total, y ácidos grasos monoinsaturados representados principalmente por ácido oleico. Hay una estrecha relación entre la densidad y la viscosidad del aceite de buriti y las de los aceites de oliva. Los picos de cristalización y de fusión se dan a -43,06 °C y -2,73 °C, respectivamente. Estas propiedades permiten que el aceite de Buriti sea recomendado como una excelente alternativa para enriquecer alimentos con compuestos bioactivos.

Comparative Properties of Amazonian Oils Obtained by Different Extraction Methods

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Cláudio Galuppo Diniz

2011-07-01

Full Text Available Pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Camb., babaçu (Orbignya phalerata Mart., buriti (Mauritia flexuosa, and passion fruit (Passiflora edulis oils were studied to determine their antibacterial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities, as well as their total phenol and carotenoid contents. The fatty acid contents were determined by GC-MS. The three types of passion fruit oils studied were refined, cold pressed or extracted from seeds in a Soxhlet apparatus. The oils thus obtained showed differences in antioxidant activity and carotenoid content, but were similar in regard to total phenols. Buriti and pequi had the highest carotenoid contents, while refined and cold pressed passion fruit oil displayed the highest antioxidant activity. Pequi oil was the only oil to display antibacterial and cytotoxic activity.

Euphorbia latex: a possible source of hydrocarbons and rubber

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Viaud, P; Teisseire, D

1975-01-01

Illustrated descriptions are given of 36 plants of potential economic value in underdeveloped tropical countries, classified by use. The plants are either wild or cultivated on a fairly local scale. Accounts of limitations and special requirements and lists of references, research contacts and sources of germ plasm are included for each species. The following tree and shrub species are included: Cnidoscolus aconitifolius, C. chayamansa and hearts of several edible palm species including Euterpe edulis (vegetables); Durio species, Garcinia mangostana, Solanum quitoense, Bactris gaspiaes, Citrus grandis, Annona muricata and Pourouma cecropiaefolia (fruits); Orbignya martiana, Caryocar species, Jessenia polycarpa and Simmondsia chinensis (oil seeds); Acacia albida, Brosimum alicastrum, Cassia sturtii, Atriplex species and Prosopis tamarungo (forage (browse)); Mauritia flexuosa (fruit, wood, etc.); Euphorbia antisyphilitica (wax); and Parthenium argentatum (rubber).

Comparison of fish assemblages in two littoral habitats in a Neotropical morichal stream in Venezuela

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Carmen G. Montaña

Full Text Available Morichales are lowland streams in South American savannas with riparian forest dominated by the moriche palm (Mauritia flexuosa. We sampled littoral habitats from ten flooded vegetated patches (dominated by Mauritiella aculeate and six sand banks in two months of the dry season (Feb-Mar 2005 in a stream in the savannas of Apure State, Venezuela. We collected samples that compromised 12,407 individual fishes of 107 species. Small-bodied fishes (< 100 mm, representing diverse trophic and life history strategies, were abundant. The most abundant species were in the families Characidae and Cichlidae. Fish assemblages from flooded vegetated patches differed significantly from those on adjacent sand banks. High structural complexity along vegetated shoreline habitats of morichal streams likely contributes to species richness and affects assemblage composition.

Temporal variability in methane fluxes from tropical peatlands within the Peruvian Amazon

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Murphy, Wayne; Berrio, Juan Carlos; Boom, Arnoud; Page, Sue; Arn Teh, Yit

2016-04-01

Tropical peatlands are one of the largest soil carbon (C) reservoirs globally and play a significant role in modulating fluxes of C between the tropical biosphere and atmosphere. These C fluxes are of global importance because tropical wetlands are the single largest natural source of atmospheric methane (CH4); while land-use change and biomass burning also contribute to the growing global atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) burden. Amazonian peatlands play a potentially important role in regional and global atmospheric budgets of C because of their large extent. These ecosystems cover an estimated 150,000km2, which is roughly three-quarters the size of Indonesian peatlands; the world's most extensive and well-studied tropical peatlands. Here we report CH4 fluxes from a lowland tropical peatland in the Pastaza-Maranon foreland basin in Peru, one of the largest peatland complexes in the lowland Amazon Basin. Strong prolonged seasonal rainfall events and the annual Amazon River flood-pulse may lead to pronounced temporal variability in biogeochemical cycling and trace gas fluxes, and this study explored how CH4 fluxes varied among wet and dry season periods in a number of key vegetation types in this region. Sampling was concentrated in 3 of the most numerically-dominant vegetation types: Forested Swamp, Mixed Palm Swamp and Mauritia flexuosa-dominated Palm Swamp, with data collection occurring in both wet and dry seasons over a 2 year period from 2012-2014 (4 field campaigns in total). Overall mean CH4 fluxes from the Forested Swamp, Mixed Palm Swamp and Mauritia flexuosa-dominated Palm Swamp for the entire sampling period were 31.06 ± 3.42 mg CH4 - C m-2 d-1, 52.03 ± 16.05 mg CH4 - C m-2 d-1 and 36.68 ± 4.32 mg CH4 - C m-2 d-1. CH4 emissions, when averaged across the entire dataset, did not differ significantly among habitats. However, when CH4 emissions were aggregated by season, the Mixed Palm Swamp showed a significantly different emissions from all other

Morphological and ultrastructural studies on Ulva flexuosa subsp. pilifera (Chlorophyta from Poland

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Beata Messyasz

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Ulva flexuosa subsp. pilifera (Kütz. M. J. Wynne 2005 (= Enteromorpha pilifera Kützing 1845 was previously found in Argentina, the Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Romania, Slovakia and Sweden, recently also in Poland. The genus Ulva was first time described as Enteromorpha. Interestingly, Enteromorpha is used nowadays as a synonym for Ulva, a development which is based on molecular data. The morphologies of both young and mature specimens were studied, and most life cycle stages could be observed. Further, the formation of calcium carbonate crystals on the surface of Ulva thalli seems to influence the arrangement of the cells. A detailed ultrastructural (TEM analysis of cell walls is presented. The TEM reveals in great details highly complex, irregular structures with stratification lines.

Fate of Enteromorpha flexuosa (Wulfen) J. Agardh and its spores in darkness: Implications for ballast water management

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Kolwalkar, J.P.; Sawant, S.S.; Dhargalkar, V.K.

of Enteromorpha flexuosa (Wulfen) J. Agardh and its spores in darkness: Implications for ballast water management Janhavi P. Kolwalkar, Subhash S. Sawant* and Vinod K. Dhargalkar National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa. 403004 ? India... is controlled by natural events. However, once in the dark ballast tanks, their ambient environment is altered. The information on the fate of such organisms during extended incubation in dark and their potential to thrive in new environment is of great...

Amerindian names of Colombian palms (Palmae

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Diana Marmolejo

2014-03-01

Full Text Available A glossary of 1276 Amerindian names or name variants of palms is presented, representing at least 121 species in 64 aboriginal languages of Colombia. The species with documented names in the largest number of languages are Bactris gasipaes, Oenocarpus bataua, Mauritia flexuosa,Euterpe precatoria, andAstrocaryum chambira, which are five of the most used palms in South America. The languages with the largest number of named species are uitoto (48, tikuna (47, muinane (43, siona (34, sikuani (31 and miraña (30. These figures reflect the detailed studies carried out with these ethnic groups, besides the palm diversity of their territories and their knowledge about it. The names are presented in three separate lists –arranged by species, by language, and a global list of names that includes references for each individual record.

Identification and Expression Profiles of Six Transcripts Encoding Carboxylesterase Protein in Vitis flexuosa Infected with Pathogens

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Md. Zaherul Islam

2016-08-01

Full Text Available Plants protect themselves from pathogen attacks via several mechanisms, including hypersensitive cell death. Recognition of pathogen attack by the plant resistance gene triggers expression of carboxylesterase genes associated with hypersensitive response. We identified six transcripts of carboxylesterase genes, Vitis flexuosa carboxylesterase 5585 (VfCXE5585, VfCXE12827, VfCXE13132, VfCXE17159, VfCXE18231, and VfCXE47674, which showed different expression patterns upon transcriptome analysis of V. flexuosa inoculated with Elsinoe ampelina. The lengths of genes ranged from 1,098 to 1,629 bp, and their encoded proteins consisted of 309 to 335 amino acids. The predicted amino acid sequences showed hydrolase like domains in all six transcripts and contained two conserved motifs, GXSXG of serine hydrolase characteristics and HGGGF related to the carboxylesterase family. The deduced amino acid sequence also contained a potential catalytic triad consisted of serine, aspartic acid and histidine. Of the six transcripts, VfCXE12827 showed upregulated expression against E. ampelina at all time points. Three genes (VfCXE5585, VfCXE12827, and VfCXE13132 showed upregulation, while others (VfCXE17159, VfCXE18231, and VfCXE47674 were down regulated in grapevines infected with Botrytis cinerea. All transcripts showed upregulated expression against Rhizobium vitis at early and later time points except VfCXE12827, and were downregulated for up to 48 hours post inoculation (hpi after upregulation at 1 hpi in response to R. vitis infection. All tested genes showed high and differential expression in response to pathogens, indicating that they all may play a role in defense pathways during pathogen infection in grapevines.

Range extension for Thomas' Mastiff bat Eumops maurus (Chiroptera: Molossidae in northern, central and southeastern Brazil Distribuição geográfica de Thomas' Mastiff Eumops maurus (Chiroptera: Molossidae na região norte, central e sudoeste do Brasil

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Miriam M. Sodré

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Thomas' Mastiff bat, Eumops maurus (Thomas, 1901 is known from northern South America in Ecuador, Venezuela and Guiana and so it probably occurs in Brazil, yet it has not been reported. Here, we present the first record for E. maurus in Brazil. Captures were from the Brazilian states of Tocantins and Goiás (northern and midwestern Cerrado region of the country, and São Paulo (southeastern Brazil, Atlantic Forest. In the first two locations, all bats were roosting in palm leaves while in the later location, a single animal was found alive in a 15th-storey apartment in the city of São Paulo. This bat inhabits savannas with swamps dominated by the palm Mauritia flexuosa (buriti and gallery forests. This record is the first of E. maurus in an urban area. Brazilian specimens are apparently larger than those from northern South America.Eumops maurus (Thomas, 1901 tem sua ocorrência no norte da América do Sul, no Equador, na Venezuela e na Guiana. O presente estudo descreve a primeira ocorrência de E. maurus para o Brasil, com capturas recentes de espécimes nos estados de Tocantins e Goiás (regiões Norte e Centro-Oeste do país, domínio de Cerrado, e no estado de São Paulo, região sudeste, inserido no domínio da Mata Atlântica. Nos dois primeiros casos, os espécimes estavam no interior de folhas de palmeiras, e último, o indivíduo foi encontrado vivo dentro do quarto de um apartamento na cidade de São Paulo. Dados bibliográficos revelam que esta espécie habita regiões abertas, associada às áreas periodicamente alagadas (no cerrado, veredas dominadas por palmeiras da espécie Mauritia flexuosa (buriti e matas de galeria. Este trabalho ressalta o primeiro registro desse morcego em local urbanizado. Os espécimes brasileiros apresentam dimensões corpóreas maiores que os espécimes provenientes na região norte da América do Sul.

Comparison of the physicochemical profiles of buriti from the Brazilian Cerrado and the Amazon region

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Thalita Lin Netto CÂNDIDO

Full Text Available Abstract Demand for native fruits has been expanding, due to the increasing interest in foods with possible health benefits. The buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L. f. is a native Brazilian fruit, appreciated by local populations, and its products are already on the market. This study investigated the physical characteristics and nutritional composition of buriti pulp, obtained from typical Cerrado and Amazon regions in Brazil. These regions influenced physical parameters and chemical composition. The fruits originating in the Cerrado were bigger and heavier than the ones from the Amazon. Nevertheless, protein, fatty acid and carbohydrate contents were higher in fruits from the Amazon region. The analyzed buriti fruits presented high monounsaturated fatty acid concentration (73.03 to 79.43 g/100 g, with the predominance of oleic acid (72.21 to 78.57 g/100 g. Buriti fruits may be a promising source of good nutritional quality vegetable oil and dietary fiber.

Bioactive Compounds Found in Brazilian Cerrado Fruits.

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Bailão, Elisa Flávia Luiz Cardoso; Devilla, Ivano Alessandro; da Conceição, Edemilson Cardoso; Borges, Leonardo Luiz

2015-10-09

Functional foods include any natural product that presents health-promoting effects, thereby reducing the risk of chronic diseases. Cerrado fruits are considered a source of bioactive substances, mainly phenolic compounds, making them important functional foods. Despite this, the losses of natural vegetation in the Cerrado are progressive. Hence, the knowledge propagation about the importance of the species found in Cerrado could contribute to the preservation of this biome. This review provides information about Cerrado fruits and highlights the structures and pharmacologic potential of functional compounds found in these fruits. Compounds detected in Caryocar brasiliense Camb. (pequi), Dipteryx alata Vog. (baru), Eugenia dysenterica DC. (cagaita), Eugenia uniflora L. (pitanga), Genipa americana L. (jenipapo), Hancornia speciosa Gomes (mangaba), Mauritia flexuosa L.f. (buriti), Myrciaria cauliflora (DC) Berg (jabuticaba), Psidium guajava L. (goiaba), Psidium spp. (araçá), Solanum lycocarpum St. Hill (lobeira), Spondias mombin L. (cajá), Annona crassiflora Mart. (araticum), among others are reported here.

Bioactive Compounds Found in Brazilian Cerrado Fruits

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Elisa Flávia Luiz Cardoso Bailão

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Functional foods include any natural product that presents health-promoting effects, thereby reducing the risk of chronic diseases. Cerrado fruits are considered a source of bioactive substances, mainly phenolic compounds, making them important functional foods. Despite this, the losses of natural vegetation in the Cerrado are progressive. Hence, the knowledge propagation about the importance of the species found in Cerrado could contribute to the preservation of this biome. This review provides information about Cerrado fruits and highlights the structures and pharmacologic potential of functional compounds found in these fruits. Compounds detected in Caryocar brasiliense Camb. (pequi, Dipteryx alata Vog. (baru, Eugenia dysenterica DC. (cagaita, Eugenia uniflora L. (pitanga, Genipa americana L. (jenipapo, Hancornia speciosa Gomes (mangaba, Mauritia flexuosa L.f. (buriti, Myrciaria cauliflora (DC Berg (jabuticaba, Psidium guajava L. (goiaba, Psidium spp. (araçá, Solanum lycocarpum St. Hill (lobeira, Spondias mombin L. (cajá, Annona crassiflora Mart. (araticum, among others are reported here.

Oligarchic forests of economic plants in amazonia: utilization and conservation of an important tropical resource.

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Peters, C M; Balick, M J; Kahn, F; Anderson, A B

1989-12-01

Tropical forests dominated by only one or two tree species occupy tens of millions of hectares in Ammonia In many cases, the dominant species produce fruits, seeds, or oils of economic importance. Oligarchic (Gr. oligo = few, archic = dominated or ruled by) forests of six economic species, i. e., Euterpe oleracea, Grias peruviana, Jessenia bataua, Mauritia flexuosa, Myrciaria dubia, and Orbignya phalerata, were studied in Brazil and Peru Natural populations of these species contain from 100 to 3,000 conspecific adult trees/ha and produce up to 11.1 metric tons of fruit/hd/yr. These plant populations are utilized and occasionally managed, by rural inhabitants in the region. Periodic fruit harvests, if properly controlled have only a minimal impact on forest structure and function, yet can generate substantial economic returns Market-oriented extraction of the fruits produced by oligarchic forests appears to represent a promising alternative for reconciling the development and conservation of Amazonian forests.

Estudo de plantas visitadas por abelhas Melipona scutellaris na microrregião do brejo no Estado da Paraíba - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v25i2.1988 Study of plants visited by bees Melipona scutellaris in brejo Paraibano- DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v25i2.1988

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Genaro S. Dornellas

2003-04-01

Full Text Available Com o objetivo de inventariar as plantas visitadas por abelhas Melipona scutellaris L. na Microrregião do Brejo Paraibano, delimitaram-se, 4 linhas de transecção de aproximadamente 1km2 cada, partindo-se do meliponário constituído por 20 colméias da estação experimental Chã de Jardim da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, no município de Areia, estado da Paraíba. As trilhas foram percorridas uma vez por semana durante todo o período de execução do trabalho (abril a julho, nos horários das 7h30min às 10h30min, no qual todas as plantas em florescimento com até 3m de altura foram observadas, por cerca de 5 minutos, anotando-se a visita das abelhas Uruçu. A conclusão foi que essas abelhas apresentam preferência pela vegetação característica da Mata Atlântica e capoeira em detrimento da vegetação de campo, mostrando-se bastante seletivas com relação à escolha de fontes alimentares. Para os meliponicultores, pode-se sugerir como pasto apícola as plantas: Erytroxylon sp., Schamanthus sp, Caliandra brevipes, Wulffia stenoglossa, Croton alagoenis, Jaquemontia sp.The present work had the aim to inventory plants visited by bees Melipona scutellaris in Brejo Paraibano using 20 beehives of bees M. scutellaris L.. Data of four lines of transection were delimited approximately 1km2 each from the mellyponary. Lines were drawn inside of this transection, where each trail was traveled, once a week, during a whole period of work from 7h30min to 10h30min. Along the trail all the plants in flowering were observed about 5 minutes during the visit of Uruçu bees or other ones. During the course plants were collected for botanic identification. For identification of transection line which was more foraged by Uruçu bees, statistical formula used no parametric Kruskal-Wallis for independent “K” samples (Siegel, 1975. The M. scutellaris is shown quite selective regarding to the choice of alimentary sources. For apicultures it can be

Myxomycetes em Palmeiras (Arecaceae Myxomycetes on palm trees (Arecaceae

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Maria Helena Alves

1996-07-01

Full Text Available As palmeiras oferecem um ecossistema especializado que abriga organismos variados, incluindo Myxomycetes. Este trabalho relata doze espécies de Myxomycetes encontradas em folhas mortas, espata e estipe de Acrocomia intumescens Drude (macaúba, Copernicea prunifera (Mill. H. E. Moore (carnaúba, Mauritia flexuosa Mart, (buriti e Orbygnia phalerata Mart, (babaçu. Constitui-se área de coleta o Município do Crato, Ceará, Nordeste do Brasil (7º 30'00" S, 39º 00' 00" W, 400-1200 m de altitude. Coletas aleatórias foram efetuadas e as frutificações foram pesquisadas em órgãos vivos ou mortos das palmeiras. Exsicatas foram depositadas no Herbário UFP (Departamento de Botânica da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife - PE, Brasil. As espécies registradas pertencem aos gêneros Ceratiomyxa (1, Dictydium (1, Arcyria (1, Hemitrichia (1, Badhamia (1, Fuligo (1, Physarum (3, Stemonitis (2 e Comatricha (1. Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa (Miill. Macbr., Physarum stellatum (Mass. Mart., Stemonitis pallida Win. e Comatricha typhoides (Bull. Rost. são referidas pela primeira vez para este tipo de substrato. Este trabalho eleva para 35 o número de espécies de Myxomycetes assinaladas sobre palmeiras até o momento.Palm trees are specialized ecossystems which hosts a wide variety of organisms, including Myxomycetes. This paper reports twelve species of Myxomycetes found on dead leaves, spathes and stipitis of Acrocomia intumescens Drude, Copernicea prunifera (Mill. H. E. Moore, Mauritia flexuosa Mart., and Orbygnia phalerata Mart. The collecting area is located in the Municipality Crato of Ceará State, Northeastern Brazil (7º 30'00" S, 39º 00' 00" W, 400-1200 m altitude. Samples were taken at random and Myxomycetes fructifications were searched on dead and living organs of palm trees. Exsiccatae have been deposited in the Herbarium UFP (Department of Botany, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-PE, Brazil. The species registered belong to the

Relationships between Prosopis flexuosa (Fabaceae and cattle in the Monte desert: Seeds, seedlings and saplings on cattle-use site classes Interacciones entre Prosopis flexuosa (Fabaceae y el ganado en el desierto de Monte: Semillas, plántulas y renovales en los sitios de uso del ganado

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CLAUDIA M CAMPOS

2011-06-01

Full Text Available The fate of Prosopis flexuosa seeds dispersed by cattle is dependant on the spatial pattern of dung deposition and foraging movements. We hypothesised that cattle-use site classes explain the response variables related to seed input and fate of seeds, seedlings and saplings (small plants more than one year old. We defined sites with heavy cattle traffic ("trails" and "periphery of trails", sites used for resting and foraging ("under Prosopis", and sites where isolated individuals only walk ("under shrubs" and "bare soil". Considering the established cattle-use site classes, our specific goals were to quantify and compare: (1 seeds transported in cattle dung; (2 seedlings 10 months after dung deposition; (3 established saplings; and (4 germinated and remaining seeds, and seedling survival in dung immediately after dung deposition. In a grazed field at Ñacuñán (Mendoza, Argentina we worked in four similar areas, each consisting of 25-ha plots 2 km apart. Space use by cattle caused differential seed input: "under Prosopis" and in the "periphery of trails" animals deposited the largest amounts of dung and seeds. Ten months after dung deposition, the highest number of seedlings occurred on "trails", "under Prosopis" and in the "periphery of trails". In the long term, the highest number of established saplings occurred only in the "periphery of trails". The number of seeds germinated immediately after fruit production and dung deposition was very low. Survival of seedlings sprouting from dung-germinated seeds did not exceed one week. On "trails" and in the "periphery of trails" the persistence of seeds in dung was low because of dung disintegration by the action of cattle trampling. The seeds that did not remain in dung were probably the source of seeds that will germinate in the next wet season (i.e. 10 months after dung deposition. With different effects depending on cattle site activity and on the stage of the P. flexuosa plant (seed, seedling

UTILIZAÇÃO DOS DEPÓSITOS DE ENCOSTAS DOS BREJOS PERNAMBUCANOS COMO MARCADORES PALEOCLIMÁTICOS DO QUATERNÁRIO TARDIO NO SEMI-ÁRIDO NORDESTINO

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Antônio Carlos de Barros Corrêa

2008-01-01

Full Text Available The assessment of the geomorphological dynamics of ecologically discontinuous areas in the elevated compartments of Borborema Highlands has prioritized the occurrence of datable sedimentary deposits, which have been identified following a qualitative surveying of geomorphological features. The chosen pilot-areas for the conduction of this research were the Baixa Verde massif and the highlands of Brejo da Madre de Deus, State of Pernambuco. Among the several identified features, hill slope deposits, colluvium, in the shape of ramps and aprons were chosen for reconstructing the geomorphological dynamics. The stratigraphy of materials that overlie the surface of the landscape was defined following the elaboration of log sections. Optically stimulated luminescence dating of sediments was used as a tool for the qualitative reconstruction of depositional events and establishing models for landforms evolution. The obtained results indicated the occurrence of discrete events of material remobilization along the slopes as a response to climatic oscillations following the last glacial maximum.

Geleia de buriti (Mauritia flexuosa: agregação de valor aos frutos do cerrado brasileiro

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Lismaíra Gonçalves Caixeta Garcia

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Resumo O buriti é uma palmeira brasileira que se destaca pela sua beleza e pelos seus múltiplos usos na alimentação humana, apresentando elevado valor nutricional. Visando ao seu maior aproveitamento, foi realizada a elaboração de geleia de buriti. O produto foi caracterizado em seu aspecto físico-químico, por meio de análises de: composição proximal, fibras, valor energético, sólidos solúveis totais, pH, acidez total titulável, potencial antioxidante e vitaminas lipossolúveis. A geleia apresentou potencial antioxidante, além de consideráveis teores de vitaminas A e D, podendo também ser considerada fonte de fibras. Logo, o processamento de buriti, na forma de geleia, é mais uma alternativa para o seu aproveitamento e para a agregação de valor ao fruto do cerrado, além de este possuir valor nutricional.

Management of Protected Areas and Its Effect on an Ecosystem Function: Removal of Prosopis flexuosa Seeds by Mammals in Argentinian Drylands

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Campos, Valeria E.; Miguel, Florencia; Cona, Mónica I.

2016-01-01

The ecological function of animal seed dispersal depends on species interactions and can be affected by drivers such as the management interventions applied to protected areas. This study was conducted in two protected areas in the Monte Desert: a fenced reserve with grazing exclusion and absence of large native mammals (the Man and Biosphere Ñacuñán Reserve; FR) and an unfenced reserve with low densities of large native and domestic animals (Ischigualasto Park; UFR). The study focuses on Prosopis flexuosa seed removal by different functional mammal groups: “seed predators”, “scatter-hoarders”, and “opportunistic frugivores”. Under both interventions, the relative contribution to seed removal by different functional mammal groups was assessed, as well as how these groups respond to habitat heterogeneity (i.e. vegetation structure) at different spatial scales. Camera traps were used to identify mammal species removing P. flexuosa seeds and to quantify seed removal; remote sensing data helped analyze habitat heterogeneity. In the FR, the major fruit removers were a seed predator (Graomys griseoflavus) and a scatter-hoarder (Microcavia asutralis). In the UFR, the main seed removers were the opportunistic frugivores (Lycalopex griseus and Dolichotis patagonum), who removed more seeds than the seed predator in the FR. The FR shows higher habitat homogeneity than the UFR, and functional groups respond differently to habitat heterogeneity at different spatial scales. In the FR, because large herbivores are locally extinct (e.g. Lama guanicoe) and domestic herbivores are excluded, important functions of large herbivores are missing, such as the maintenance of habitat heterogeneity, which provides habitats for medium-sized opportunistic frugivores with consequent improvement of quality and quantity of seed dispersal services. In the UFR, with low densities of large herbivores, probably one important ecosystem function this group performs is to increase

Management of Protected Areas and Its Effect on an Ecosystem Function: Removal of Prosopis flexuosa Seeds by Mammals in Argentinian Drylands.

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Claudia M Campos

Full Text Available The ecological function of animal seed dispersal depends on species interactions and can be affected by drivers such as the management interventions applied to protected areas. This study was conducted in two protected areas in the Monte Desert: a fenced reserve with grazing exclusion and absence of large native mammals (the Man and Biosphere Ñacuñán Reserve; FR and an unfenced reserve with low densities of large native and domestic animals (Ischigualasto Park; UFR. The study focuses on Prosopis flexuosa seed removal by different functional mammal groups: "seed predators", "scatter-hoarders", and "opportunistic frugivores". Under both interventions, the relative contribution to seed removal by different functional mammal groups was assessed, as well as how these groups respond to habitat heterogeneity (i.e. vegetation structure at different spatial scales. Camera traps were used to identify mammal species removing P. flexuosa seeds and to quantify seed removal; remote sensing data helped analyze habitat heterogeneity. In the FR, the major fruit removers were a seed predator (Graomys griseoflavus and a scatter-hoarder (Microcavia asutralis. In the UFR, the main seed removers were the opportunistic frugivores (Lycalopex griseus and Dolichotis patagonum, who removed more seeds than the seed predator in the FR. The FR shows higher habitat homogeneity than the UFR, and functional groups respond differently to habitat heterogeneity at different spatial scales. In the FR, because large herbivores are locally extinct (e.g. Lama guanicoe and domestic herbivores are excluded, important functions of large herbivores are missing, such as the maintenance of habitat heterogeneity, which provides habitats for medium-sized opportunistic frugivores with consequent improvement of quality and quantity of seed dispersal services. In the UFR, with low densities of large herbivores, probably one important ecosystem function this group performs is to increase

Ecological aspects of Rhodnius nasutus Stål, 1859 (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae in palms of the Chapada do Araripe in Ceará, Brazil

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Fernando Braga Stehling Dias

2008-12-01

Full Text Available The aim of this work is to present aspects related to the ecology of Rhodnius nasutus Stål, 1859 in palms from Chapada do Araripe in Ceará, Brazil. The following five species of palms were investigated: babaçu (Attalea speciosa, buriti (Mauritia flexuosa, carnaúba (Copernicia prunifera, catolé (Syagrus oleracea and macaúba-barriguda (Acrocomia intumescens. Fifth palms were dissected (10 specimens for each species. The overall infestation index was 86%, with a total of 521 triatomines collected. The Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas, 1909 Index was 16.8% and two insects presented mixed infection with Trypanosoma rangeli Tejera, 1920. A precipitin test showed that R. nasutus from palms of Chapada do Araripe are associated with opossum and bird although other possible bloodmeals were observed. Our results showing a high index of infestation of the palms as well as T. cruzi infection, the association of R. nasutus with the most diverse species of palms and proximity of these palms to houses demonstrate the importance of this area for sylvatic T. cruzi transmission and suggest the need for epidemiological surveillance in the region of the Chapada do Araripe.

Phenolic composition, antioxidant and anti-proliferative activities of edible and medicinal plants from the Peruvian Amazon

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Jan Tauchen

Full Text Available ABSTRACT Among 23 extracts of medicinal and edible plants tested, Mauritia flexuosa L.f., Arecaceae, showed significant antioxidant ability (DPPH and ORAC = 1062.9 and 645.9 ± 51.4 µg TE/mg extract, respectively, while Annona montana Macfad., Annonaceae, demonstrated the most promising anti-proliferative effect (IC50 for Hep-G2 and HT-29 = 2.7 and 9.0 µg/ml, respectively. However, combinatory antioxidant/anti-proliferative effect was only detected in Oenocarpus bataua Mart., Arecaceae (DPPH = 903.8 and ORAC = 1024 µg TE/mg extract; IC50 for Hep-G2 and HT-29 at 102.6 and 38.8 µg/ml, respectively and Inga edulis Mart., Fabaceae (DPPH = 337.0 and ORAC = 795.7 µg TE/mg extract; IC50 for Hep-G2 and HT-29 at 36.3 and 57.9 µg/ml, respectively. Phenolic content was positively correlated with antioxidant potential, however not with anti-proliferative effect. None of these extracts possessed toxicity towards normal foetal lung cells, suggesting their possible use in development of novel plant-based agents with preventive and/or therapeutic action against oxidative stress-related diseases.

Fatty acids profile of pulp and nuts of Brazilian fruits

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Paulo Afonso da Costa

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Fruits and nuts from the North and Northeast regions of Brazil were collected to determine the fatty acid profile of their oils. The species studied were Brazil (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K., Mucajá (Couma rigida M., Inajá (Maximiliana maripa D., Jenipapo (Genipa Americana L., and Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L. nuts. Fatty acid methyl esters were analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID. Brazil nut major fatty acid was 18:3n-3 (α-linolenic acid, and Buriti nut had approximately 23 times more 18:3n-3 than the pulp. Mucajá nut presented high content of 12:0 (lauric acid and 16:0 (palmitic acid, and Mucajá pulp showed significant levels of 18:2n-6 (linoleic acid. Considering the PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acid sum values, almost all fruits and nuts analyzed presented very high levels of these compounds. Regarding n-6/n-3 ratio, only Brazil Nut, Buriti Nut, Inajá pulp, and Jenipapo pulp corresponded to the desired profile. These Brazilian fruits and nuts could be of potential interest due to their high nutritive value and lipid content.

Comportamiento de rodal artificial de Mauritia flexuosa (aguaje) L.f. con fines de manejo sostenido Iquitos-Perú;

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Pinedo Cruz, William

2011-01-01

El presente trabajo se desarrolló en el Centro de Investigación y Enseñanza Forestal de la Facultad de Ciencias Forestales de la Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana, ubicado en la localidad de Puerto Almendras distrito de San Juan, provincia de Maynas, región Loreto. Tuvo como objetivo general la evaluación de rodal artificial de 2 ha de aguaje de veintiún años de edad instalada con fines de manejo sostenido con diferentes distanciamientos de 3x3m; 4x4m; 5x5m y 6x6m; los parámetros ev...

Propriedades físicas e químicas em diferentes usos do solo no Brejo Paraibano

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Antonio Sousa Silva

2013-08-01

Full Text Available A substituição da vegetação nativa no Brejo Paraibano, inicialmente por cana-de-açúcar e mais recentemente por pastagens, em relevo fortemente ondulado, causaram sérios problemas de degradação do solo. Atualmente, partes dessas pastagens estão dando lugar ao plantio de sabiá (MIMOSA CAESALPINIAEFOLIA: Benth. Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, analisar o efeito dessas mudanças nas propriedades físicas e químicas do solo e no desenvolvimento das raízes. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Areia, PB, em um Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo distrófico. Os tratamentos foram representados por três diferentes usos: mata secundária, cultivo de sabiá e pastagem com braquiária (BRACHIARIA DECUMBENS: . As amostras de solo foram coletadas nas diferentes áreas, em três posições da encosta: parte superior, mediana e inferior. Em cada posição, coletou-se solo em três diferentes pontos em quatro profundidades: 0,0-2,5; 2,5-5,0; 5,0-10,0; e 10,0-20,0 cm, para análises físicas e de raízes. Foram feitas amostras compostas para as análises químicas e do conteúdo de argila. O experimento foi conduzido num delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com medidas repetidas no espaço. Observou-se que a agregação, densidade e a porosidade total apresentaram melhores resultados na área de mata nativa secundária. A substituição da área de pasto por sabiá prejudicou a agregação, mas não alterou a densidade e a porosidade total do solo. Os teores de nutrientes foram maiores na área de sabiá, embora sejam significativos apenas para o K e a saturação por bases. As mudanças no uso do solo sempre causam degradação de suas propriedades físicas e químicas, mas, quando essa substituição é feita por um sistema menos agressivo, é difícil perceber modificações em pouco tempo de uso.

Foraging density for squirrel monkey Saimiri sciureus in two forests in Puerto Lopez - Colombia

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Jorge Astwood R.

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Objective. Forest remnants were analyzed to determine the density of squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus and the degree of alteration of the forest, by selecting areas for the conservation and maintenance of the species in natural environments. Materials and methods. Linear transects were conducted on two wooden fragments, “La Reforma” and “Campo Hermoso” farms (Puerto Lopez, Meta, Colombia, recording sightings of squirrel monkeys and identifying the tree species used by the primates. Results. The fragments studied correspond to trails at the edge of water bodies with low connectivity. Highest density values were observed on the second transect of La Reforma, a possible consequence of an overcrowding phenomenon due to the high degree of isolation of the fragment. The species preferentially used as refuge and food source were: Bellucia grossularioides, Eugenia jambos, Inga alba, Mauritia flexuosa, Pseudolmedia laevis and Rollinia edulis. Conclusions. The phenology of the plant species allows for a dynamic food supply, considering the constant availability of food for the primates. Therefore, despite the evident ecological problem of these forests, it is possible to use active restoration programs to strengthen the existing dynamics and balance the biogeochemical dynamics of the ecosystem, so that socioeconomic human activities are not in conflict with conservation efforts and vice versa.

STRUCTURE OF NATURAL REGENERATION IN RELATION TO SOIL PROPERTIES AND DISTURBANCE IN TWO SWAMP FORESTS

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Marly Antonielle Ávila

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Veredas (palm swamps is a type of vegetation associated with watercourses, characterized by the presence of Mauritia flexuosa palm trees. These systems are not well understood and suffer from high anthropogenic pressure. The aims of this study were to describe the natural regeneration of two swamp forests in vereda systems with different anthropogenic impacts and investigate if the variation in these plant communities are associated to edaphic conditions. The study was performed in preserved and impacted sites located in the Environmental Protection Area of the Pandeiros River in northern Minas Gerais. At each site, one hundred 25 m2 plots were established for surveying regenerating shrubs and trees (≥1 cm diameter at the base of the stem and < 3 cm diameter at breast height. Vegetation structure was evaluated by phytosociological parameters, similarity index, and size distribution of individuals. Regenerating strata was correlated with chemical and physical soil analyses. The vegetation at the preserved site was characterized by a higher number of individuals and a lower diversity but contained species that were typical of flooded areas. The results also showed differences in soil nutrient availability between sites that influenced the distribution of species at the two study sites.

Botânica econômica, uma ciência importante para a região amazônica

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Ghillean T Prance

1988-01-01

Full Text Available A botânica econômica é uma ciência atualmente muito importante na região amazônica e deve ser adaptada às necessidades regionais. Neste trabalho, são fornecidos dados sobre o banco genético da floresta amazônica, espécies e dados econômicos da floresta de extração, sistemas agroflorestais, aproveitamento de monoculturas, naturais e cultivo das várzeas. É necessário um forte programa de botânica econômica para criar sistemas de uso racionais da floresta amazônica.The important contribution to be made by the science of Economic Botany in today's Amazonia environment is emphasized. Economy Botany must be tailored to the current situation where and uneccesary destruction is taking place. Studies are needed of the gene pool os useful plants and their wild relatives that occur in the forest; of products suitable for extraction from the forest; of agroforest, systems; os natural monospecific stands of such species as Orbignya phalerata and Mauritia flexuosa; and of plants suitable for cultivation on the várzea. The need for a strong programme in Amazonian Economic Bot any is stressed.

AMAZON RAINFOREST COSMETICS: CHEMICAL APPROACH FOR QUALITY CONTROL

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Mariko Funasaki

2016-02-01

Full Text Available The market for natural cosmetics featuring ingredients derived from Amazon natural resources is growing worldwide. However, there is neither enough scientific basis nor quality control of these ingredients. This paper is an account of the chemical constituents and their biological activities of fourteen Amazonian species used in cosmetic industry, including açaí (Euterpe oleracea, andiroba (Carapa guianensis, bacuri (Platonia insignis, Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa, buriti (Mauritia vinifera or M. flexuosa, cumaru (Dipteryx odorata, cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum, guarana (Paullinia cupana, mulateiro (Calycophyllum spruceanum, murumuru (Astrocaryum murumuru, patawa (Oenocarpus bataua or Jessenia bataua, pracaxi (Pentaclethra macroloba, rosewood (Aniba rosaeodora, and ucuuba (Virola sebifera. Based on the reviewed articles, we selected chemical markers for the quality control purpose and evaluated analytical methods. Even though chromatographic and spectroscopic methods are major analytical techniques in the studies of these species, molecular approaches will also be important as used in food and medicine traceability. Only a little phytochemical study is available about most of the Amazonian species and some species such as açaí and andiroba have many reports on chemical constituents, but studies on biological activities of isolated compounds and sampling with geographical variation are limited.

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BURITI PULP (Mauritia flexuosa COLLECTED IN THE CITY OF DIAMANTINO – MTS1

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DAYANE DE OLIVEIRA SANDRI

Full Text Available ABSTRACT Buriti is a fruit with potential for economic exploitation due to its nutritional components; however, there are few studies about their post-harvest characteristics. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the physicochemical characteristics and analyze the antioxidant activity of Buriti pulp. Fruits were harvested at full maturity stage, sanitized, pulped and stored under refrigeration until freezing. Then, pulp was submitted to the following analyses: moisture, protein, total carbohydrates and reducing carbohydrates, ashes, lipids, crude fiber, water activity, titratable acidity (TA, pH, color, ß-carotene, a-carotene, antioxidant activity and total energy value (TEV. Analyses were performed in triplicate, and the mean, standard deviation and variation coefficient were determined. Fruit pulp presented 0.98 of water activity, TA of 8.82g/100 g of citric acid, pH 3.78, 59.69% of moisture, 20.92% of fat, 8.56 % of crude fiber, 1.04% of ash, 7.28% of total carbohydrates, 4.50% of reducing carbohydrates, 9098µg/100g of ß carotene and 10086µg/100g of a-carotene. TEV found was 228.28 kcal/100g, the color analysis showed that the pulp has an average light tint value of L * = 59.69, with high hue H * = 68.36 and vivid color with C *= 62.03. Regarding the antioxidant activity, it was observed that Buriti is a fruit that can be used to combat oxidation, as it reduced by 82.42% the amount DPPH reagent used.

Buriti oil (Mauritia flexuosa L.) negatively impacts somatic growth and reflex maturation and increases retinol deposition in young rats.

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Medeiros, Maria C; Aquino, Jailane S; Soares, Juliana; Figueiroa, Edigleide B; Mesquita, Hanni M; Pessoa, Debora C; Stamford, Tania M

2015-11-01

Buriti oil contains nutrients such as essential fatty acids and vitamins, which are directly involved with neonates' development. However, the refining process of this oil can change its nutrient profile. This study investigated the effects of maternal consumption of Buriti oil (crude or refined), on reflex and somatic development and retinol levels in neonatal rats. Thirty-six Wistar male neonate rats born from mothers who consumed diet with 7% lipids during gestation and lactation were used. Rats were randomized into three groups: rats receiving diet added of soybean oil (control-CG), crude Buriti oil (CB) and refined Buriti oil (RB). Offspring weight, tail length, reflex ontogeny and somatic maturation were assessed during lactation. At the end of the experiment, serum and liver retinol concentrations were measured. Animals from CB and RB groups showed delayed onset of palm grasp, righting reflex and cliff avoidance reflexes compared to the control group (CG). However, animals from RB group showed anticipation of auditory startle compared to those from BC group. Regarding somatic maturation indicators, animals from RB group showed delayed eye opening and eruption of superior and inferior incisors in relation to control and anticipation in the auditory conduit opening in relation to CB group. Rats from CB and RB groups showed higher serum and liver vitamin A contents. Buriti oil delays physical parameters and reflex maturation and increases serum and liver retinol deposition among neonatal rats. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Infestation of Palm Trees by Triatomines (Hemiptera: Reduviidae in the State of Bahia, Brazil

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Rodrigo Gurgel-Gonçalves

2012-12-01

Resumo. As palmeiras desempenham papéis importantes como habitats de reprodução e alimentação para triatomíneos silvestres, vetores da doença de Chagas. A ocorrência de triatomíneos em palmeiras peridomiciliares pode aumentar o risco de invasão desses insetos em domicílios e deve ser considerada para desenvolver estratégias de prevenção. Com objetivo de investigar a infestação de palmeiras por triatomíneos no Estado da Bahia e determinar a infecção natural desses insetos por Trypanosoma spp., foram amostradas 183 palmeiras em 12 municípios entre 2006 e 2011 utilizando captura manual e/ou armadilhas adesivas iscadas com camundongos. Os triatomíneos foram detectados em 79 palmeiras (43% das espécies Copernicia prunifera (Mart. Becc., Mauritia flexuosa L. e Attalea spp. (Attalea burretiana Bondar ou Attalea salvadorensis Glassman. Em outras espécies de palmeiras (Syagrus coronata (Mill H.E. Moore, Attalea funifera Mart ex. Spreng e Elaeis guineensis Jacq não foram detectados triatomíneos. Rhodnius neglectus Lent, Triatoma sordida (Stål, e Triatoma pseudomaculata Corrêa & Espínola ocorreram em C. prunifera ao longo do rio São Francisco. No extremo oeste da Bahia, R. neglectus e Psammolestes tertius Lent & Jurberg foram detectados em M. flexuosa, enquanto Triatoma tibiamaculata (Pinto ocorreu em Attalea sp. em áreas urbanas de Salvador. No total, 180 triatomíneos foram capturados, principalmente R. neglectus. A maior taxa de infecção natural (61% foi observada em T. tibiamaculata. Os resultados indicam que pelo menos três espécies de palmeiras são habitats favoráveis para triatomíneos no estado da Bahia e ocorrem no ambiente peridomiciliar, o que pode aumentar a probabilidade de invasão de triatomíneos nas casas.

Carotenoid composition in oils obtained from palm fruits from the Brazilian Amazon

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Santos, M. F.G.

2015-09-01

Full Text Available The oils obtained from native palm fruits are considered new sources of high added value phytochemicals, making it necessary to know the composition of the less studied species in order to evaluate their economic potential. The objective of this study is to identify and quantify the arotenoids in palm fruit oils from the Brazilian Amazon: bacaba (Oenocarpus bacaba, buriti (Mauritia flexuosa, inajá (Maximiliana maripa, pupunha (Bactris gasipaes and tucumã (Astrocaryum vulgare, by means of liquid phase extraction and HPLC-UV-vis. analysis. The results showed an extremely variable carotenoid content, from 13 mg·kg−1 in bacaba oil to more than 1000 mg·kg−1 in the tucumã one. The oils obtained from buriti, pupunha and tucumã displayed high concentrations of ß-carotene, corresponding to fruits with the series ß, ß dominant metabolism. Upon analyzing the carotenoid profile in bacaba oil for the first time, an extraordinary dominance of the ß, ε pathway was observed, proving them to be oils with high lutein and α-carotene contents. Although the ß, ß pathway dominates in inajá oil, the exclusive and high lycopene content implies that LCY-E is barely active in these fruits, in contrast to what has been evidenced so far. It is therefore of the utmost importance to characterize these new potential sources of carotenoids.Los aceites obtenidos a partir de frutos de palmeras nativas son considerados nuevas fuentes de fitoquímicos con alto valor añadido siendo necesario conocer la composición de las especies menos exploradas para evaluar su potencial económico. El objetivo de este estudio es identificar y cuantificar los carotenoides en aceites defrutos de palmeras provenientes de la Amazonia Brasileña: bacaba (Oenocarpus bacaba, uriti (Mauritia flexuosa, inajá (Maximiliana maripa, pupunha (Bactris gasipaes y tucumã (Astrocaryum vulgare, mediante extracción líquido:líquido y análisis por HPLC UV-vis. Los resultados mostraron un

Environ: E00522 [KEGG MEDICUS

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available E00522 Cypraeidae shell Cypraeae concha Crude drug Calcium carbonate [CPD:C08129] Monetaria annulus [TAX...:217785], Erronea errones [TAX:218440], Monetaria moneta [TAX:217787], Erosaria caputserpentis [TAX...:364277], Cypraea linx, Mauritia arabica [TAX:218045], Erosaria helvola [TAX:217994], Cypraea tigris [TAX...:75124], Mauritia maculifera [TAX:218051], Mauritia arabica [TAX:218045], Cypraea [TAX...:69558], Oliva mustelina [TAX:247344], Oliva annulata, Oliva [TAX:57634] ... Cypraeidae Monetari

Caracterización estructural y propiedades funcionales de las harinas de los frutos de Prosopis alba Griseb., P. chilensis (Molina) Stuntz emend. Burkart y P. flexuosa DC. Desarrollo de un proceso de secado, molienda y mezcla para optimizar la calidad del producto

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Mom, María Pía

2012-01-01

Prosopis alba, P. chilensis y P. flexuosa "algarrobos", características en las regiones fitogeográficas del Chaco y Monte, Argentina, constituyen un recurso natural con innumerables aplicaciones. Si bien el progresivo avance de la desertización ha puesto en riesgo a estas comunidades vegetales, es indudable que en la actualidad constituyen una fuente inagotable de productos y subproductos. A partir del estudio de los caracteres estructurales (micro, ultra, nano), propiedades funcionales y col...

Effects of Dietary Brazilian Palm Oil (Mauritia flexuosa L. on Cholesterol Profile and Vitamin A and E Status of Rats

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Jailane de Souza Aquino

2015-05-01

Full Text Available In vitro studies have been carried out to establish the nutritional differences between crude and refined vegetable oils; however, the impact of the consumption of these foods on metabolism, in particular the effect of buriti oil, needs to be further evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biochemical and murine parameters and the vitamin A and E status in young rats fed with diets supplemented with crude or refined buriti oil. The animals (n = 30 were randomized into three groups receiving diet added of soybean oil (control, crude buriti oil (CBO and refined buriti oil (RBO for 28 days. Rats fed with diet added of refined buriti oil (RBO showed reduced total cholesterol (up to 60.27%, LDL (64.75%, triglycerides (55.47% and enzyme aspartate transaminase (21.57% compared to those fed with diet added of crude oil. Serum and hepatic retinol and tocopherol were higher by two to three times in CBO and RBO groups compared to the control group, but no differences were observed for murine parameters. The results indicate that buriti oil is an important source of the antioxidant vitamins A and E, and refined buriti oil is suggested as alternative to improve the lipid profile of healthy rats.

Abrupt vegetation transitions characterise long-term Amazonian peatland development

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Roucoux, K. H.; Baker, T. R.; Gosling, W. D.; Honorio Coronado, E.; Jones, T. D.; Lahteenoja, O.; Lawson, I. T.

2012-04-01

Recent investigations of wetlands in western Amazonia have revealed the presence of extensive peatlands with peat deposits of up to 8 m-thick developing under a variety of vegetation types (Lähteenoja et al. 2012). Estimated to cover 150,000 km2 (Schulman et al. 1999), these peatlands make a valuable contribution to landscape and biological diversity and represent globally important carbon stores. In order to understand the processes leading to peat formation, and the sensitivity of these environments to future climatic change, it is necessary to understand their long-term history. The extent to which peatland vegetation changes over time, the stability of particular communities, the controls on transitions between vegetation types and how these factors relate to the accumulation of organic matter are not yet known. We report the first attempt to establish the long-term (millennial scale) vegetation history of a recently-described peatland site: Quistococha, a palm swamp, or aguajal, close to Iquitos in northern Peru. The vegetation is dominated by Mauritia flexuosa and Mauritiella armata and occupies a basin which is thought to be an abandoned channel of the River Amazon. We obtained a 4 m-long peat sequence from the deepest part of the basin. AMS-radiocarbon dating yielded a maximum age of 2,212 cal yr BP for the base of the peat, giving an average accumulation rate of 18 cm per century. Below the peat are 2 m of uniform, largely inorganic pale grey clays of lacustrine origin, which are underlain by an unknown thickness of inorganic sandy-silty clay of fluvial origin. Pollen analysis, carried out at c. 88-year intervals, shows the last 2,212 years to be characterised by the development of at least four distinct vegetation communities, with peat accumulating throughout. The main phases were: (1) Formation of Cyperaceae (sedge) fen coincident with peat initiation; (2) A short-lived phase of local Mauritia/Mauritiella development; (3) Development of mixed wet

Minor components in oils obtained from Amazonian palm fruits

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Santos, M. F.G.

2013-12-01

Full Text Available This study deals with the characterization of minor compounds in oils obtained from the mesocarp of fruits of the main palm species from the State of Amapá, Brazil, i.e. bacaba (Oenocarpus bacaba, buriti (Mauritia flexuosa, inajá (Maximiliana maripa, pupunha (Bactris gasipaes and tucumã (Astrocaryum vulgare. The concentration of minor glyceridic compounds, i.e. dimeric triacylglycerols (TAG, the oxidized TAG and diacylglycerols (DAG related to oil quality, and the compounds of unsaponifiable matter, i.e. hydrocarbons, aliphatic alcohols, sterols and tocopherols have been determined. The results indicate that the extracted oils had good initial quality, with DAG as the major glyceridic compound. The contents of hydrocarbons (50-734 mg·kg–1 and aliphatic alcohols (80-490 mg·kg–1 were highly variable with inajá oil containing the highest contents. In the case of tocopherols, buriti (1567 mg·kg–1 and tucumã (483 mg·kg–1 oils had the highest contents and the presence of significant amounts of tocotrienols was only detected in inajá oil. Finally, high concentrations of sterols were found in all the samples, particularly in the oils from pupunha (4456 mg·kg–1 and tucumã (2708 mg·kg–1, with β-sitosterol being the major sterol in all the samples with percentages between 65 and 83%.El objetivo de este estudio fue la caracterización de los componentes menores presentes en los aceites obtenidos del mesocarpio de frutos de especies de bacaba (Oenocarpus bacaba, buriti (Mauritia flexuosa, inajá (Maximiliana maripa, pupuña (Bactris gasipaes y tucumá (Astrocaryum vulgare, de importante producción en el Estado de Amapá, Brasil. Se determinaron las dos principales fracciones presentes en los aceites. Por una parte, los compuestos menores derivados de los componentes mayoritarios o triglicéridos (TAG: dímeros de TAG, TAG oxidados y diglicéridos (DAG relacionados con la calidad de los aceites y, por otra, los principales grupos

Nutritional composition, fatty acid and tocopherol contents of buriti (Mauritia flexuosa and patawa (Oenocarpus bataua fruit pulp from the amazon region

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Sylvain Henri Darnet

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Buriti and patawa are two endemic palm trees from the Amazon region. Their pulps are traditionally consumed by the local population, but are underused and lesser known worldwide. Nutritional composition, fatty acid and tocopherol contents of the two palm pulps were determined by modern analytical methods: Gas Chromatography (CG and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC, based on the standards of AOCS (AMERICAN..., 2002 and AOAC (ASSOCIATION..., 1997, respectively. Buriti and patawa fruit pulps are highly nutritive, with respectively, high fat content (38.4% and 29.1% of dry matter (DM, protein content (7.6% and 7.4% of DM and dietary fibers (46% and 44.7% of DM. Buriti pulp can be considered healthy food due its high content of vitamin E (1169 µg.g-1 DM. Patawa pulp is highly oleaginous and its fatty acid composition is very similar to the ones of healthy oils, such as olive oil.

Balanço de energia em um solo cultivado com feijão caupi no brejo paraibano Energy balance in a soil cultivated with cowpeas in a mountaineous area in Paraiba, Brazil

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José R. de S. Lima

2005-12-01

Full Text Available Os componentes do balanço de energia num solo cultivado com feijão caupi nas condições do Brejo Paraibano, foram determinados numa área de 4 ha do Centro de Ciências Agrárias, da UFPB, localizada no município de Areia, PB (6o 58' S, 35o 41' W e 620 m. Para tal, instalou-se uma torre no centro da área, contendo um pluviógrafo, um piranômetro, um saldo radiômetro e sensores para medida da temperatura e da umidade relativa do ar, em dois níveis acima do dossel da cultura; além disso, dois locais no solo foram instrumentados, cada um com duas sondas térmicas instaladas horizontalmente, nas profundidades de z1 = 2,0 cm e z2 = 8,0 cm, além de uma placa destinada à medida do fluxo de calor no solo, a 5,0 cm. Essas medidas foram armazenadas a cada 30 min, num sistema de aquisição de dados. Verificou-se que o valor médio do saldo de radiação (Rn foi de 78%, sendo a Rn utilizada, em média, como 71% no fluxo de calor latente (LE, 19% como fluxo de calor sensível (H e 10% como fluxo de calor no solo (G. A fração do saldo de radiação utilizada como fluxo de calor latente aumentou com a evolução da cobertura do solo pela cultura, enquanto a fração utilizada como fluxo de calor sensível e de calor no solo, diminuiu.The energy balance components in a cowpea crop growing in the mountain region of Paraiba, Brazil ("Brejo Paraibano" was determined in a 4 ha area in the Centro de Ciências Agrárias, UFPB, in the municipality of Areia, PB (6o 58' S, 35o 41' W e 620 m. Measurements of rainfall, net and global radiation were made. Sensors at two levels above the canopy were also mounted, allowing the measurements of air temperature and relative humidity. Below the soil surface, two different sites were provided with two thermal probes, horizontally installed at depths of 2.0 and 8.0 cm, besides a heat flux plate 5.0 cm deep for soil heat flux measurements. All data were stored in a datalogger each 30 min. The average value of the net

A shift from arbuscular mycorrhizal to dark septate endophytic colonization in Deschampsia flexuosa roots occurs along primary successional gradient.

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Huusko, K; Ruotsalainen, A L; Markkola, A M

2017-02-01

Soil fungal community and dominant mycorrhizal types are known to shift along with plant community changes during primary succession. However, it is not well understood how and why root fungal symbionts and colonization types vary within the plant host when the host species is able to thrive both at young and at old successional stages with different light and nutrient resource availability. We asked (i) how root fungal colonization of Deschampsia flexuosa (Poaceae) by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and dark septate endophytes (DSE) changes along a postglacial primary successional land uplift gradient. As neighboring vegetation may play a role in root fungal colonization, we also asked (ii) whether removal of the dominant neighbor, Empetrum nigrum ssp. hermaphroditum (Ericaceae), affects root fungal colonization of Deschampsia. We also studied whether (iii) foliar carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) concentration of Deschampsia is related to successional changes along a land uplift gradient. AM colonization decreased (-50 %), DSE colonization increased (+200 %), and foliar C declined in Deschampsia along with increasing successional age, whereas foliar N was not affected. Empetrum removal did not affect AM colonization but increased DSE sclerotial colonization especially at older successional stages. The observed decrease in foliar C coincides with an increase in canopy closure along with increasing successional age. We suggest that the shift from an AM-dominated to a DSE-dominated root fungal community in Deschampsia along a land uplift successional gradient may be related to different nutritional benefits gained through these root fungal groups.

Propriedades termodinâmicas de adsorção de água do amido de rizomas do lírio-do-brejo (Hedychium coronarium Thermodynamic properties of water adsortion of the starch of rhizome of swamp lily (Hedychium coronarium

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Diego Palmiro Ramirez Ascheri

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Determinaram-se as propriedades termodinâmicas (entalpia diferencial, entropia diferencial, entalpia integral e entropia integral do amido de rizomas do lírio-do-brejo (Hedychium coronarium por meio de isotermas de adsorção de água. As isotermas foram determinadas em atividades de água no intervalo de 0,11 a 0,84, sob temperaturas que variaram de 30 a 50 °C. A Equação de GAB, que se ajustou bem às isotermas experimentais, foi utilizada para estimar as propriedades termodinâmicas de adsorção. As isotermas apresentaram ligeira inversão, indicando a precença de amido danificado. A entalpia diferencial e a entropia diferencial aumentaram com a diminuição da umidade de equilíbrio e correlacionaram entre si confirmando a compensação química linear. Um modelo exponencial do tipo Y = b.e(a/Xe descreveu adequadamente a dependência destas propriedades diferenciais ao teor de umidade de equilíbrio. A entalpia integral e a entropia integral aumentaram continuamente com o teor de umidade de equil��brio, porém com valores negativos para a entropia integral. Estas propriedades termodinâmicas de adsorção de água demonstraram que o amido extraído dos rizomas do lírio-do-brejo possui baixa higrocopicidade apesar da ocorrência de grânulos de amido danificados.Thermodynamic properties where determined (differential enthalpy, of differential entropy, integral enthalpy, and integral entropy of the starch of rhizomes of swamp lily through water adsorption isotherms. The isotherms were determined in water activities in the range of 0.11 to 0.84, in temperatures ranging from 30 to 50 °C. The GAB equation which fits well to the experimental isotherms was used to estimate the properties of thermodynamic adsorption. The slight reversal of the isotherms indicates damaged starch. The enthalpy and entropy differential gap increased with the decrease in moisture and correlated to each other confirming the chemical linear compensation. An

Neotropical peatland methane emissions along a vegetation and biogeochemical gradient.

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Winton, R Scott; Flanagan, Neal; Richardson, Curtis J

2017-01-01

Tropical wetlands are thought to be the most important source of interannual variability in atmospheric methane (CH4) concentrations, yet sparse data prevents them from being incorporated into Earth system models. This problem is particularly pronounced in the neotropics where bottom-up models based on water table depth are incongruent with top-down inversion models suggesting unaccounted sinks or sources of CH4. The newly documented vast areas of peatlands in the Amazon basin may account for an important unrecognized CH4 source, but the hydrologic and biogeochemical controls of CH4 dynamics from these systems remain poorly understood. We studied three zones of a peatland in Madre de Dios, Peru, to test whether CH4 emissions and pore water concentrations varied with vegetation community, soil chemistry and proximity to groundwater sources. We found that the open-canopy herbaceous zone emitted roughly one-third as much CH4 as the Mauritia flexuosa palm-dominated areas (4.7 ± 0.9 and 14.0 ± 2.4 mg CH4 m-2 h-1, respectively). Emissions decreased with distance from groundwater discharge across the three sampling sites, and tracked changes in soil carbon chemistry, especially increased soil phenolics. Based on all available data, we calculate that neotropical peatlands contribute emissions of 43 ± 11.9 Tg CH4 y-1, however this estimate is subject to geographic bias and will need revision once additional studies are published.

Neotropical peatland methane emissions along a vegetation and biogeochemical gradient.

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R Scott Winton

Full Text Available Tropical wetlands are thought to be the most important source of interannual variability in atmospheric methane (CH4 concentrations, yet sparse data prevents them from being incorporated into Earth system models. This problem is particularly pronounced in the neotropics where bottom-up models based on water table depth are incongruent with top-down inversion models suggesting unaccounted sinks or sources of CH4. The newly documented vast areas of peatlands in the Amazon basin may account for an important unrecognized CH4 source, but the hydrologic and biogeochemical controls of CH4 dynamics from these systems remain poorly understood. We studied three zones of a peatland in Madre de Dios, Peru, to test whether CH4 emissions and pore water concentrations varied with vegetation community, soil chemistry and proximity to groundwater sources. We found that the open-canopy herbaceous zone emitted roughly one-third as much CH4 as the Mauritia flexuosa palm-dominated areas (4.7 ± 0.9 and 14.0 ± 2.4 mg CH4 m-2 h-1, respectively. Emissions decreased with distance from groundwater discharge across the three sampling sites, and tracked changes in soil carbon chemistry, especially increased soil phenolics. Based on all available data, we calculate that neotropical peatlands contribute emissions of 43 ± 11.9 Tg CH4 y-1, however this estimate is subject to geographic bias and will need revision once additional studies are published.

Biting rates and developmental substrates for biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Iquitos, Peru.

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Mercer, David R; Spinelli, Gustavo R; Watts, Douglas M; Tesh, Robert B

2003-11-01

Biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) were collected at 16 periurban and rural sites around Iquitos, Peru, between 17 October 1996 and 26 May 1997. Culicoides paraensis (Goeldi), the principal vector of Oropouche virus, was the most commonly collected species (9,086 flies) with Culicoides insinuatus Wirth & Blanton second (7,229 flies). Although both species were collected at all sampling sites (linear (distance surveyed approximately 25 km), C. paraensis dominated at northern collection sites (> 90%), whereas C. insinuatus prevailed at southern collection sites (> 60%). C. paraensis were collected from human sentinels at a constant rate throughout daylight hours, at similar rates during wet and dry months, and regardless of rainfall. Larval developmental substrates for C. paraensis included decaying platano (Musa x paradisiaca L. [Musaceae]) stems, stumps, flowers, fruits, and debris beneath platano trees as well as from soil beneath a fruiting mamay (Syzygium malaccense Merr. & Perry [Myrtaceae] ) tree and organic-rich mud along a lake shoreline. C. insinuatus adults likewise emerged from decaying platano and organic-rich mud along a lake shoreline, but also from debris accumulated in the axils of aguaje (Mauritia flexuosa L. [Palmae]) fronds and decaying citrus fruit. Despite high numbers of biting adults near putative substrates, adults of neither species emerged from other decomposing plant material, soil, phytotelmata, or artificial containers. Because both species of biting midges emerged in high numbers from all parts of platano (ubiquitous in Iquitos), it will be challenging to control them through sanitation.

IMPACTS OF ECOTOURISM ON THE BOG OF SERRA NEGRA - BEZERROS/ PE

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Carolina Florio Castro

2005-05-01

Full Text Available The “Brejo da Serra Negra” ( Bog of Serra Negra has become an area of interest of manysectors of society, among them tourism in its different forms. Ecotourism is one of thepropellers of tourism and defined by the Institute of Ecotourism of Brazil as : “the practice ofrecreational, sporting or educational tourism using, in a sustainable form, natural and culturalassets, encouraging conservation, promoting environmental awareness and assuring the wellbeing of the populations involved” (Instituto de Ecoturismo do Brasil, 1995. Within thisperspective some questions such as : how does ecotourism is developed in the concernedarea? What are the impacts caused on Brejo da Serra Negra ( Bog of Serra Negra? How isenvironmental awareness being addressed? should be answered.The Brejo da Serra Negra has been the constant aim of ecotourism because of its very uniquebeauty and the fact that it is a climatic sub-humid area in the hinterlands of Pernambuco andattraction to the so-called radical sports, ecologic tours, caverns exploring as well as camping.

Major components in oils obtained from Amazonian palm fruits

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Santos, M. F. G.

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Native palm trees belong to the Arecaceae family and are among the most useful plant resources in the Amazons. Despite its great diversity and various uses, few species have been study in detail, which makes it necessary to perform more comprehensive studies on the quality and composition of species not yet explored. This study deals with the characterization of the major compounds in the oils obtained from the mesocarp of fruits of the main palm species from the State of Amapá, Brasil, i.e. bacaba (Oenocarpus bacaba, buriti (Mauritia flexuosa, inajá (Maximiliana maripa, pupunha (Bactris gasipaes and tucumã (Astrocaryum vulgare. Physicochemical characteristics, fatty acids and triacylglycerol (TAG contents were analyzed by HPLC and GC. The proximate composition of the fruits was also analyzed. The results relating to acidity, peroxide value and polar compounds indicate good quality of the oils obtained. Oleic acid ranging from 39.2 to 71.6% and palmitic acid ranging from 20.8 to 39.6% were the two major fatty acids in all the samples. The oils from inajá were characterized by the presence of significant amounts of lauric (4.6% and miristic (10.7% acids while in bacaba, buriti, pupunha and tucumã, as in most edible vegetable oils, only the fatty acids of 16 and 18 carbon atoms were present. Accordingly, the major TAG species in all the samples were POP, POO and OOO. The mesocarp of the palm fruit had a high content in lipids ranging from 17.0% for pupunha to 38.3% for bacaba, expressed as dry basis.Las palmeras nativas de la familia Arecaceae constituyen recursos alimentarios de gran importancia en la región amazónica. A pesar de su diversidad y utilidad, muchas especies son poco conocidas por lo que son de interés los estudios dirigidos a conocer la calidad y composición de las especies menos exploradas para evaluar su potencial económico. El objetivo de este estudio fue la caracterización de los aceites obtenidos del mesocarpio

Enzootic transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi and T. rangeli in the Federal District of Brazil Transmissão enzoótica de Trypanosoma cruzi e T. rangeli no Distrito Federal, Brasil

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Rodrigo Gurgel-Gonçalves

2004-04-01

Full Text Available The Federal District of Brazil (DF lies within the Cerrado biome, where open shrubland (savannas is interspersed with riverside gallery forests and permanent swamps (veredas. Trypanosoma cruzi-infected native triatomines occur in the area, but the enzootic transmission of trypanosomatids remains poorly characterized. A parasitological survey involving sylvatic triatomines (166 Rhodnius neglectus collected from Mauritia flexuosa palms and small mammals (98 marsupials and 70 rodents, totaling 18 species was conducted in 18 sites (mainly gallery forests and veredas of the DF. Parasites were isolated, morphologically identified, and characterized by PCR of nuclear (mini-exon gene and kinetoplast DNA (kDNA. Six R. neglectus, seven Didelphis albiventris and one Akodon cursor were infected by trypanosomes; wild reservoir infection is documented for the first time in the DF. kDNA PCR detected T. cruzi in five R. neglectus and mini-exon gene PCR revealed T. cruzi I in isolates from D. albiventris. Parasites infecting one bug yielded T. rangeli KP1+ kDNA amplicons. In spite of the occurrence of T. cruzi-infected D. albiventris (an important wild and peridomestic reservoir and R. neglectus (a secondary vector displaying synanthropic behavior, a low-risk of human Chagas disease transmission could be expected in the DF, considering the low prevalence infection recorded in this work. The detection of T. rangeli KP1+ associated with R. neglectus in the DF widens the known range of this parasite in Brazil and reinforces the hypothesis of adaptation of T. rangeli populations (KP1+ and KP1- to distinct evolutionary Rhodnius lineages.O Distrito Federal (DF do Brasil está localizado no bioma Cerrado, um complexo de fisionomias savânicas incluindo matas de galeria e campos úmidos permanentes (veredas. Triatomíneos silvestres infectados por Trypanosoma cruzi ocorrem na área, mas a transmissão enzoótica de tripanossomatídeos permanece insuficientemente

Protected environments and substrates for production of genipap seedlings Ambientes protegidos e substratos para formação de mudas de jenipapeiro

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Adriano Ribeiro Sassaqui

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Genipap (Genipa americana L., Rubiaceae is a native Brazilian species and can be used in the recovery of degraded forest areas or for food supply. In order for the species to reach its potential, production of high quality seedlings is essential. The objective of this study was to evaluate genipap seedlings in protected environments and different substrates. The environments tested were: (1 a greenhouse with polyethylene film in the top, with aluminized screen (Aliminet® of 50%-shading under this film, and lateral sides covered with 50%-shading nylon net (Sombrite®, (2 a shaded hut, all sides covered with 50%-shading nylon net (Sombrite®, and (3 a nursery shelter, with all lateral sides uncovered and the roof covered with leaves of buriti (Mauritia flexuosa. In these environments the following substrates were tested: 50% cattle manure + 50% cassava foliage, 50% cattle manure + 50% Vida Verde®, 50% cattle manure + 50% vermiculite, and 25% cattle manure + 25% vermiculite + 25% of cassava foliage + 25% Vida Verde®. Because there was no repetition of the growth environment, the effect of environment was examined using statistical procedures for analysis of combined experiments. Within environments a completely randomized design was used with five replications. All substrates are suitable for the formation of genipap seedlings, where the recommended substrates are: 50% cattle manure + 50% cassava foliage and 50% cattle manure + 50% Vida Verde® for the greenhouse and the substrates composed of 50% cattle manure + 50% vermiculite and 25% cattle manure + 25% cassava foliage + 25% Vida Verde®+ 25% vermiculite for the shaded hut. The buriti shelter is not recommended for production of genipap seedlings.O jenipapo (Genipa americana L., Rubiaceae é uma espécie brasileira nativa e pode ser utilizada na recomposição de áreas de florestas degradadas ou fornecimento de alimentos. Para que a espécie atinja elevado potencial, a produção de mudas de

Avaliação do desenvolvimento de mudas nativas em uma área paludosa, no município de Inconfidentes, MG

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Bruna Mélega Sarmento

2013-09-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho trata-se da avaliação inicial do desenvolvimento de cem mudas nativas, durante onze meses, plantadas numa área paludosa na fazenda experimental da Escola Agrotécnica Federal de Inconfidentes – EAFI , Inconfidentes, MG. As dez espécies nativas escolhidas para o plantio foram Nectandra nitidula (canelinha, Croton urucurana (sangra-d’água, Inga vera (ingá, Triplaris americana (pau-formiga, Alchornea glandulosa (tapiá, Erythrina falcata (moxoco, Cordia ecalyculata (café-de-bugre, Cedrela odorata (cedro-do-brejo, Acacia polyphylla (monjoleiro e Citronella gongonha (laranjeira-do-brejo. Foram plantadas dez mudas de cada espécie, no espaçamento de 1,5 x 2,0 m em setembro do ano de 2007. Foram feitas avaliações mensais até o mês de julho do ano de 2008. Os parâmetros utilizados nas avaliações foram: Altura (H, Diâmetro à Altura do Solo (DAS e Diâmetro de Copa. Nas onze avaliações, esses parâmetros mostraram que as espécies apresentaram diferentes ritmos de desenvolvimento, em função da área ser permanentemente encharcada. As espécies que se destacaram em Altura, DAS e Diâmetro de Copa foram Citronella gongonha (laranjeira-do-brejo e Cedrela odorata (cedro-do-brejo, significando que essas espécies são as mais propícias para o ambiente paludoso

Alimentación de mamíferos de caza en los «aguajales» de la Reserva Nacional de Pacaya-Samiria (Iquitos, Perú

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Rolando Aquino

2013-05-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo contiene información relacionada a los mamíferos de caza que habitan los aguajales de los bosques inundables de la Reserva Nacional Pacaya Samiria y su interrelación con las plantas alimenticias. Está basado en censos por transectos en aguajales de origen reciente y aguajales semi-eutrofizados. Fueron registrados 24 especies de mamíferos de caza haciendo uso de los aguajales; de ellas, los primates fueron los más representativos y de mayor abundancia en ambos tipos de aguajales. Entre los primates, el fraile (Saimiri boliviensis E. Geoffroy & R. de Blainville y el machín negro (Cebus apella Linnaeus fueron los más abundantes en aguajales de origen reciente (350 individuos/km2 y 90 individuos/km2 , respectivamente, mientras que el machín blanco (Cebus albifrons Humboldt fue el más abundante en aguajales semi-eutrofizados (90 individos/ km2 . En términos de biomasa, los ungulados tuvieron la mayor biomasa y estuvieron representados por el pecarí labiado (Tayassu pecari Link con 825 kg/km2 y el tapir (Tapirus terrestris Linnaeus con 126,6 kg/km2 . Finalmente, en los aguajales fueron registradas 16 especies de plantas alimenticias, la mayoría habitando en los aguajales semi-eutrofizados; de ellas, el aguaje (Mauritia flexuosa L.f., la shapaja (Scheelea cephalotes Poepp. Ex Mart y los renacos (Ficus spp., constituyeron los recursos alimenticios más importantes, de cuyos frutos y semillas se alimentaron alrededor de 14 especies de mamíferos de caza.

Análise microbiológica e bromatológica da água em bebedouros de escolas públicas em Belém do Brejo do Cruz-PB

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Franklis B. F. Santana

2015-08-01

Full Text Available A água é um recurso essencial à sobrevivência de todos os seres vivos e o seu fornecimento em quantidade e qualidade é fundamental para a perfeita manutenção da vida humana. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar a análise microbiológica e bromatológica da água em bebedouros de escolas públicas na cidade de Belém do Brejo do Cruz – PB. Para as análises físico-químicas foram coletadas 100 ml de cada amostra e distribuídas entre as seguintes análises: cor, turbidez e pH, enquanto para a análise microbiológica foi utilizada kit Colilert® (técnica de substrato cromogênio. Foi constatado que para a análise microbiológica as amostra E1, E3, E4 e E5 os resultados foram insatisfatório, pois a portaria vigente estabelece que para a água tratada não se admite a presença de coliformes totais e Escherichia coli em amostra de 100 ml. Para a amostra E2 foi observado resultado satisfatório, fator importante para o ambiente escolar. A amostra E6, não se aplica a análise em virtude da água não ser tratada, ou seja, trata-se de água de poço, caracterizando a mesma como imprópria. Quanto a análise físico-química, de amostras coletadas de bebedouros e caixa d’água pode-se observar que a conclusão dos resultados estão todos satisfatória de acordo com as normas estabelecidas pela Portaria 2.914/11 do Ministério da Saúde. Para que a água chegue às residências em boas condições, é necessário que a Estação de Tratamento da Água mantenha os reservatórios em boas condições para que não ocorram alterações na qualidade da água.

INFLUÊNCIA DO MÉTODO DE SAPONIFICAÇÃO DE ÓLEO VEGETAL AMAZÔNICO NA FLOTABILIDADE DA APATITA

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Priscila Silva de Oliveira

2014-07-01

Full Text Available Pesquisas demonstram a viabilidade técnica da utilização de sais de ácidos graxos, obtidos a partir da hidrólise alcalina de óleos provenientes de espécies vegetais amazônicas como coletores em flotação de minérios fosfáticos. No entanto, a necessidade de torná-los solúveis em água através da reação de saponificação, que é feita em alta temperatura e tempo elevado de reação, dificulta a sua aplicação a nível industrial. Nesse sentido, o objetivo principal deste trabalho é avaliar diferentes métodos de saponificação do óleo vegetal extraído da polpa de buriti (Mauritia flexuosa, oriundo da floresta amazônica, analisando a influência do método na flotabilidade da apatita. Nas reações de saponificação variou-se o tempo e a temperatura de reação, a proporção água/álcool e proporção óleo/NaOH. O critério de flotabilidade utilizado foi a microflotação em tubo de Hallimond modificado, com emprego de extensor da altura do aparato para evitar o arraste hidrodinâmico. Os resultados de flotabilidade obtidos apontam como as melhores condições: tempo máximo de reação de 20 minutos, proporção óleo/NaOH de 1:0,3, proporção álcool/água de 1:0 e temperatura de reação de 55 °C.

USOS DE LAS PALMAS EN LA AMAZONIA COLOMBIANA

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LAURA MESA

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Con el fin de obtener un diagnóstico del estado actual de conocimiento sobre usos de las palmas en la Amazonia colombiana, se revisaron las principales fuentes de información. Treinta y seis de las 41 etnias indígenas consideradas tuvieron registros de uso. Se registraron 82 especies de palmas usadas (78% de las potenciales y 165 usos distribuidos en ocho categorías; todos los usos se presentan de manera detallada en un catálogo. Las categorías de uso más importantes fueron: utensilios y herramientas, construcción, y alimentación humana. Las diez especies más importantes fueron Bactris gasipaes, Euterpe precatoria, Mauritia flexuosa, Oenocarpus bataua, Attalea maripa, Oenocarpus minor, Astrocaryum chambira, Iriartea deltoidea, Oenocarpus bacaba y Socratea exorrhiza; la mayoría de ellas también han sido registradas como las más importantes en otras partes del Neotrópico. No se encontró ninguna información sobre usos de palmas para varios grupos indígenas, especialmente para las etnias cocama, letuama, piaroa, pisamira y yurí, para las cuales se requieren investigaciones detalladas. Se concluye que a pesar de los vacíos de información, los resultados muestran que las palmas son un recurso muy importante con un gran potencial, y una pieza fundamental para la seguridad alimentaria y el desarrollo sustentable de la Amazonia colombiana. Sugerimos la inclusión de las especies más importantes en programas de manejo y agroforestales, al igual que la implementación y popularización de técnicas de cosecha no destructivas. Recomendamos además que las investigaciones futuras estén enfocadas en desarrollar estrategias de manejo que garanticen el uso sostenible de todas estas especies útiles.

Processamento de biscoitos adicionados de óleo de buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L.: uma alternativa para o consumo de alimentos fontes de vitamina A na merenda escolar

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Jailane de Souza Aquino

2012-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver biscoitos tipo cookie adicionado de óleo de buriti a fim de se analisarem sua aceitação sensorial e seu valor nutricional, visando a sua utilização na merenda escolar, bem como avaliar o consumo de alimentos fontes de vitamina A por escolares. MÉTODOS: Uma formulação-controle (15% de óleo de soja e duas formulações experimentais (7,5% e 15% de óleo de buriti foram produzidas e avaliadas quanto à composição centesimal, conteúdo de vitamina A e aceitação sensorial, testada por 201 escolares. Avaliou-se também o consumo de alimentos fontes de vitamina A por esses escolares mediante questionário semiquantitativo contendo 28 alimentos considerados fontes da referida vitamina. RESULTADOS: O biscoito elaborado com 15% de óleo de buriti obteve boa aceitação, e apresenta maior percentual de proteínas, de minerais e de vitamina A, podendo ser considerado fonte deste último nutriente. Observou-se uma maior frequência de consumo de alimentos com baixo teor de vitamina A, como também uma menor frequência de consumo dos frutos da região Nordeste. CONCLUSÃO: Os biscoitos adicionados de óleo de buriti podem ser uma alternativa de inclusão de alimentos fontes de vitamina A na dieta de escolares, no entanto o consumo de frutas e hortaliças fontes dessa vitamina deve ser estimulado, tendo em vista que os escolares consomem pouca variedade de alimentos fontes dessa vitamina, o que aumenta o risco de deficiência a longo prazo.

Novedades corológicas para la flora valenciana [New records for the flora of the Valencian Community (E of Spain)

OpenAIRE

Crespo Villalba, Manuel Benito; Martínez Azorín, Mario; Camuñas, Elena

2013-01-01

Se discuten algunos aspectos corológicos o taxonómicos sobre plantas novedosas para alguna de las tres provincias de la Comunidad Valenciana, en concreto: Achillea filipendulina, Cardamine flexuosa subsp. debilis, Gaura lindheimeri, Ornithogalum divergens y Panicum maximum. Some chorological and taxonomical features are commented on Achillea filipendulina, Cardamine flexuosa subsp. debilis, Gaura lindheimeri, Ornithogalum divergens y Panicum maximum. They are new or little known for the re...

Late quaternary savannah history of the Colombian Llanos Orientales from Lagunas Chenevo and Mozambique: A transects synthesis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Berrio, Juan Carlos; Hooghiemstra, Henry; Behling, Hermann; Botero, Pedro; Klaas Van Der Borg

2002-01-01

A 7000-yr pollen record a 90cm core from Chenevo (4 degrade 05' N, 70 degrade 21' W; 150 m alt.) and a 3500-yr pollen record of a 285-cm core from Mozambique (3 degrade 58' N, 73 degrade 03' W; 175 m alt.) both from the savannahs of the Llanos Orientales, Colombia, are presented. The records show dynamics between open savannah (Poaceae, Cyperaceae), woody savannah (Byrsonima, Curatella, Didymopanax) palm swamp (Mauritia, Mauritiella), and forest and gallery forest taxa. These reflect plant available moisture, i.e. precipitation and length of the dry season, and more latterly human impact. The record from Chenevo shows the following development: from 7260 to 6930 14 Cyr BP en savanna vegetation and gallery forest along the drainage system, from 6930 to 4000 14 C yr BP forest and gallery forest expanded, from 5500 14 C yr BP Mauritia palm forest increased and particularly so from 4000 to 2380 14 C yr BP also in combination with gallery forest expansion, from 2380 14 C yr BP to present day gallery forest, Mauritia and Mauritiella palm forest is most abundant

Espécies tropicais de pteridófitas em associação com fungos micorrízicos arbusculares em solo contaminado com arsênio

OpenAIRE

Schneider, Jerusa; Oliveira, Letúzia Maria de; Guilherme, Luiz Roberto Guimarães; Stürmer, Sidney Luiz; Soares, Cláudio Roberto Fonsêca Sousa

2012-01-01

The symbiosis of plants with mycorrhizal fungi represents an alternative to be considered during the processes of revegetation and rehabilitation of arsenic-contaminated soil. The aim of this study was to evaluate under greenhouse conditions the effect of arsenic on the mycorrhizal association of two species of tropical fern (Thelypteris salzmannii and Dicranopteris flexuosa). T. salzmannii had higher rates of colonization and higher density of spores while D. flexuosa showed greater sensitiv...

Identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at candidate genes involved in abiotic stress in two Prosopis species of hybrids

OpenAIRE

Maria F. Pomponio; Susana Marcucci Poltri; Diego Lopez Lauenstein; Susana Torales

2014-01-01

Aim of the study: Identify and compare SNPs on candidate genes related to abiotic stress in Prosopis chilensis, Prosopis flexuosa and interspecific hybridsArea of the study: Chaco árido, Argentina. Material and Methods: Fragments from 6 candidate genes were sequenced in 60 genotypes. DNA polymorphisms were analyzed.Main Results: The analysis revealed that the hybrids had the highest rate of polymorphism, followed by P. flexuosa and P. chilensis, the values found are comparable to other forest...

Obtenção e caracterização de carvão ativado de caroço de buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L. f. para a avaliação do processo de adsorção de cobre (II Production and characterization of the activated carbon from buriti stone (Mauritia flexuosa L. f. to evaluate the adsorption's process of copper (II

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Marcos Vinicios de Souza Pinto

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Na região amazônica, algumas indústrias despejam cobre nos corpos receptores que, em elevadas concentrações, é tóxico para os seres vivos. A remoção de cobre de efluentes industriais é realizada por diversos processos como a adsorção. Neste trabalho mostrou-se o resultado da adsorção de cobre (II em carvão ativado de caroço de buriti carbonizado a 400 °C e ativado a 900 °C. O carvão ativado foi caracterizado em termos de área específica, tamanho dos poros, densidades aparente e real, porosidade, microscopia eletrônica de varredura, conteúdo de cinzas, pH, umidade, carbono fixo e grupos funcionais de superfície. O estudo de equilíbrio de adsorção avaliou a influência do diâmetro das partículas do carvão, do tempo de contato adsorvente/adsorbato, do pH e da concentração inicial da solução de cobre (II sobre a remoção de cobre (II. Com base nos resultados, concluiu-se que há uma maior eficiência de remoção de cobre (II para diâmetro In the Amazon region some industries discharges copper into watercourse that in high concentrations is toxic to the biota. The removal of copper from industrial effluent is performed by several processes such as adsorption. This work shows the result of copper (II adsorption on activated carbon obtained from buriti kernel, carbonized at 400 °C and activated at 900 °C. The activated carbon was characterized according to specific area, pore size, apparent and real density, porosity, scanning electron microscopy, ash content, pH, moisture, fixed carbon and surface functional groups. The study of adsorption equilibrium evaluated the influence of the coal particles diameter, contact time adsorbent/adsorbate, pH and copper (II solution initial concentration on copper (II remotion. The results showed a higher removal efficiency of copper (II to the diameter D < 0.595 mm, contact time of 300 minutes, pH of 4.01 and the copper (II initial concentrations of 50 and 80 mg L-1. The mathematical model of Langmuir was the best fit to the adsorption equilibrium data. From the contact time of 15 minutes, all the equilibrium concentrations were below the allowed maximum of 1,0 mg L-1 provided by law for discharging effluents into receiving bodies.

Seasonal variability in methane and nitrous oxide fluxes from tropical peatlands in the western Amazon basin

Science.gov (United States)

Arn Teh, Yit; Murphy, Wayne A.; Berrio, Juan-Carlos; Boom, Arnoud; Page, Susan E.

2017-08-01

The Amazon plays a critical role in global atmospheric budgets of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). However, while we have a relatively good understanding of the continental-scale flux of these greenhouse gases (GHGs), one of the key gaps in knowledge is the specific contribution of peatland ecosystems to the regional budgets of these GHGs. Here we report CH4 and N2O fluxes from lowland tropical peatlands in the Pastaza-Marañón foreland basin (PMFB) in Peru, one of the largest peatland complexes in the Amazon basin. The goal of this research was to quantify the range and magnitude of CH4 and N2O fluxes from this region, assess seasonal trends in trace gas exchange, and determine the role of different environmental variables in driving GHG flux. Trace gas fluxes were determined from the most numerically dominant peatland vegetation types in the region: forested vegetation, forested (short pole) vegetation, Mauritia flexuosa-dominated palm swamp, and mixed palm swamp. Data were collected in both wet and dry seasons over the course of four field campaigns from 2012 to 2014. Diffusive CH4 emissions averaged 36.05 ± 3.09 mg CH4-C m-2 day-1 across the entire dataset, with diffusive CH4 flux varying significantly among vegetation types and between seasons. Net ebullition of CH4 averaged 973.3 ± 161.4 mg CH4-C m-2 day-1 and did not vary significantly among vegetation types or between seasons. Diffusive CH4 flux was greatest for mixed palm swamp (52.0 ± 16.0 mg CH4-C m-2 day-1), followed by M. flexuosa palm swamp (36.7 ± 3.9 mg CH4-C m-2 day-1), forested (short pole) vegetation (31.6 ± 6.6 mg CH4-C m-2 day-1), and forested vegetation (29.8 ± 10.0 mg CH4-C m-2 day-1). Diffusive CH4 flux also showed marked seasonality, with divergent seasonal patterns among ecosystems. Forested vegetation and mixed palm swamp showed significantly higher dry season (47.2 ± 5.4 mg CH4-C m-2 day-1 and 85.5 ± 26.4 mg CH4-C m-2 day-1, respectively) compared to wet season emissions

Comparação florística e estrutural de duas florestas de várzea no estuário amazônico, Pará, Brasil

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Fábio de Jesus Batista

2011-04-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi conhecer e comparar a composição florística e a estrutura de duas áreas de florestas de várzea localizadas na reserva extrativista Chocoaré-Mato Grosso, Santarém Novo-PA. O inventário florístico abrangeu 1,5 ha em parcelas de 10 x 100 m, distribuídas na área 1 (1,0 ha e área 2 (0,5 ha. Foram identificados os indivíduos arbóreos com circunferência a 1,3 m altura do solo (CAP > 30 cm e demonstrada a riqueza, área basal e o IVI (Índice de Valor de Importância para cada área. A relação entre as áreas foi realizada por meio da similaridade de espécies, densidade, área basal, análise de agrupamento e espécies indicadoras. Na área 1, ocorreram 613 ind.ha-1 (26,67 m².ha-1 distribuídos em 17 famílias, 33 gêneros e 34 espécies com Euterpe oleracea, Enterolobium maximum, Symphonia globulifera, Pterocarpus amazonicus e Virola surinamensis apresentando os maiores IVI's e a área 2 com 744 ind.ha-1 (35,34 m².ha-1 em 13 famílias, 24 gêneros e 26 espécies com Mauritia flexuosa, Euterpe oleracea, Virola surinamensis, Tapirira guianensis e Inga thibaudiana com os maiores IVI's. As áreas registraram baixas similaridades entre si (0,18 e tanto a densidade quanto a área basal foram superiores na área 2. O agrupamento separou as áreas entre si e das 51 espécies, apenas 15 foram indicadoras. Conclui-se que, as florestas apresentaram baixa riqueza com pouca semelhança entre as populações arbóreas e as espécies indicadoras ocorreram nas áreas 1 e 2.

Subsídios para a proteção de áreas úmidas da bacia do rio Xingu (Mato Grosso, Brasil

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Rosely Alvim Sanches

2012-06-01

Full Text Available O rio Suiá-Miçu é um importante tributário do rio Xingu, e sua bacia hidrográfica (BHSM, situada no planalto do Parecis, Estado de Mato Grosso, abrange 2,36 milhões de hectares. A BHSM contempla Formações Pioneiras, Cerrados e a Floresta Estacional Perenifólia, cuja composição de espécies é consequência da variabilidade de chuvas e do clima estacional. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar as áreas úmidas da BHSM e sua importância para a preservação ambiental. O mapeamento da BHSM foi realizado a partir do georreferenciamento de imagens do satélite CBERS-2 (2006, que resultou em um mosaico RGB234 com 20 m de resolução. Esse mosaico permitiu o mapeamento de todas as drenagens da BHSM e, assim, a definição da planície de inundação, complementada pelo cruzamento dos mapas de hidrografia e geomorfologia e trabalhos de campo. Os resultados indicaram mais de 192 mil hectares de área de inundação, dos quais 13% foram desmatados para usos agropecuários. As áreas úmidas da BHSM têm papel importante no suprimento de água durante as estações secas. São compostas de hábitats fluviolacustres e de uma diversidade de vegetação que abarca os campos úmidos, a floresta inundável e as veredas (dominadas pelo buriti Mauritia flexuosa. Apesar de no Brasil existirem leis ambientais para proteção de cursos d'água e das áreas marginais, sua implementação e monitoramento são necessários, dada a fragilidade de ecossistemas presentes na planície de inundação, como no caso da BHSM. Recomendam-se mais pesquisas científicas sobre esses ecossistemas para apoiar as tomadas de decisão na proteção das áreas úmidas no Brasil.

Espécies tropicais de pteridófitas em associação com fungos micorrízicos arbusculares em solo contaminado com arsênio

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Jerusa Schneider

2012-01-01

Full Text Available The symbiosis of plants with mycorrhizal fungi represents an alternative to be considered during the processes of revegetation and rehabilitation of arsenic-contaminated soil. The aim of this study was to evaluate under greenhouse conditions the effect of arsenic on the mycorrhizal association of two species of tropical fern (Thelypteris salzmannii and Dicranopteris flexuosa. T. salzmannii had higher rates of colonization and higher density of spores while D. flexuosa showed greater sensitivity to smaller concentrations of arsenic and association with mycorrhizal fungi. Our results indicate that screening and selection of mycorrhizal fungal isolates/species is possible and effective for phytoremediation of arsenic-contaminated soils.

CARACTERIZACIÓN CUANTITATIVA DE PRODUCTOS INTERMEDIOS Y RESIDUOS DERIVADOS DE ALIMENTOS DEL ALGARROBO (PROSOPIS FLEXUOSA Y P. CHILENSIS, FABACEAE: APROXIMACIÓN EXPERIMENTAL APLICADA A RESTOS ARQUEOBOTÁNICOS DESECADOS

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Aylen Capparelli

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Mediante una aproximación experimental se caracterizan los atributos macromorfológicos cuantitativos de productos intermedios y residuales derivados de Prosopis chilensis y P. flexuosa (Algarrobo blanco y Algarrobo negro respectivamente que potencialmente podrían llegar a formar parte del registro arqueobotánico. Se provee descripción morfoanatómica de la vaina y la semilla de las especies tratadas. Se elaboró harina no refinada y refinada, añapa, aloja y arrope, siguiendo técnicas tradicionalmente utilizadas en el Valle de Hualfín, Catamarca, Argentina, las cuales fueron registradas por la autora en trabajos previos. Se concluye que el análisis cuantitativo de restos macrobotánicos de Prosopis, en conjunto con el cualitativo, permite la identificación de diferentes etapas de procesamiento del Algarrobo. Para ello resulta esencial la distinción entre las dos especies. La proporción de diferentes categorías de semillas y endocarpos es útil para distinguir la harina refinada de la no refinada. Esta última podría indicar la manufactura de patay, ulpo o aloja. Los residuos de la añapa y aloja se caracterizan por presentar semillas con testa plegada, enrollada o levantada, o carecer de ella, y sus cantidades se encuentran disminuidas o aumentadas con respecto a la cantidad inicial de harina utilizada dependiendo de si las semillas que se recuperan son enteras o fragmentadas. Los residuos del arrope se identifican por poseer grandes piezas de epicarpo y porque todos los endocarpos correspondientes a la cantidad de artejos utilizados inicialmente en su preparación se encuentran presentes. Dichos endocarpos se encuentran cerrados, y excepto en el caso de los residuos de arrope, se considera que la mayoría de las asociaciones arqueológicas de restos de Prosopis representa una proporción muy baja del volumen de materia que le dio origen en su contexto dinámico del pasado.

Identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs at candidate genes involved in abiotic stress in two Prosopis species of hybrids

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Maria F. Pomponio

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Aim of the study: Identify and compare SNPs on candidate genes related to abiotic stress in Prosopis chilensis, Prosopis flexuosa and interspecific hybridsArea of the study: Chaco árido, Argentina. Material and Methods: Fragments from 6 candidate genes were sequenced in 60 genotypes. DNA polymorphisms were analyzed.Main Results: The analysis revealed that the hybrids had the highest rate of polymorphism, followed by P. flexuosa and P. chilensis, the values found are comparable to other forest tree species.Research highlights: This approach will help to study genetic diversity variation on natural populations for assessing the effects of environmental changes.Keywords: SNPs; abiotic stress; interspecific variation; molecular markers. 

High Resilience in Heathland Plants to Changes in Temperature, Drought, and CO2 in Combination: Results from the CLIMAITE Experiment

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kongstad, J.; Schmidt, Inger K.; Riis-Nielsen, Torben

2012-01-01

of in situexposure to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration,increased temperature and prolonged droughtperiods on the plant biomass in a dry heathland(Brandbjerg, Denmark). Results after 3 yearsshowed that drought reduced the growth of thetwo dominant species Deschampsia flexuosa and Callunavulgaris. However, both...... the standingbiomass for either D. flexuosa or the ecosystem asmore litter was produced. Treatment combinationsshowed little interactions on the measuredparameters and in particular elevated CO2 did notcounterbalance the drought effect on plant growth,as we had anticipated. The plant community didnot show any......Climate change scenarios predict simultaneouslyincrease in temperature, altered precipitation patternsand elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration,which will affect key ecosystem processes and plantgrowth and species interactions. In a large-scaleexperiment, we investigated the effects...

Influência das precipitações na produtividade agrícola no Estado da Paraíba Influence of precipitations on agricultural productivity in Paraíba State

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Lindenberg L. da Silva

2009-08-01

Full Text Available Neste estudo, realizado em quatro microrregiões da Paraíba no período de 1990 a 2005, objetivou-se determinar as correlações entre as precipitações pluviais durante a safra para as culturas de cana-de-açúcar e abacaxi, nas microrregiões do Litoral e Brejo, e as correlações entre as precipitações durante o período chuvoso e as produtividades de algodão herbáceo, na microrregião do Sertão e do sisal, no Cariri/Curimataú. Os testes realizados com as equações de regressões polinomiais utilizando-se apenas a precipitação pluvial da pré-estação chuvosa ou do período chuvoso como variável independente, não foram suficientes para estimar a produtividade da cana-de-açúcar no Litoral, vez que pequenos volumes de precipitação não suprem as necessidades hídricas da cultura. A produtividade do abacaxi não mostrou correlações significativas com as precipitações pluviais nas microrregiões do Litoral e Brejo. Obtiveram-se fortes correlações entre as precipitações pluviais durante o período chuvoso e as produtividades de algodão herbáceo no Sertão paraibano e, para o sisal no Cariri/Curimataú. Com a estimativa da precipitação durante o período chuvoso poder-se-á decidir plantar, ou não, em determinada microrregião.This study was carried out in four homogeneous pluviometric micro regions of Paraíba State between 1990 and 2005. The aims were to determine the relationships between crops of sugar-cane and pineapple productivity and production season rainfall in the Litoral and 'Brejo' micro regions, the relationships between the rainy season precipitations and herbecious cotton productivity in the Sertão, and sisal in the Cariri/Curimataú micro regions. Tests accomplished with polinomial regression equations, using only early rainy season or rainy season as the independent variable were not sufficient to estimate sugar-cane productivity in the Litoral, therefore small rainfall quantities do not supply the

Aspectos produtivos do capim-elefante (Pennisetum purpureum, Schum. cv. Roxo no brejo paraibano Productive aspects of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum, Schum. var. Roxo in Paraíba swamp region

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Estácio Alves dos Santos

2001-02-01

Full Text Available O trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de verificar o efeito de diferentes alturas de corte sobre a produtividade do capim-elefante cv. Roxo em épocas de seca e chuva no Brejo paraibano. O esquema experimental foi um fatorial 4 x 2, sendo quatro alturas de corte (0, 15, 30 e 45 cm, duas épocas (períodos seco e chuvoso e quatro blocos. Foram avaliadas as produções por hectare de massa verde (MV, matéria seca total (MS, de folhas (MSF e colmos (MSC e proteína bruta (PB. Após o corte de uniformização, efetuaram-se dois cortes no período seco em intervalos de 90 dias e três no período chuvoso em intervalos de 60 dias. Não houve interação entre altura de corte e a época. Entretanto, à medida que se elevou a altura do corte, reduziram-se as produções de MV, MS e MSC. As produções de PB e MSF não diferiram. Quando elevadas as alturas dos cortes de 0 para 45 cm, houve redução de aproximadamente 33% na produção para MV, 24,83% para MSF e 60% para MSC. Os cortes no período seco foram mais produtivos em relação aos da época chuvosa. As médias das produções de MS, MV, MSF, MSC e PB foram, respectivamente, 4,12; 21,19; 2,65; 1,47 e 0,32 t/ha no período seco e 12,44; 2,45; 1,81; 0,54 e 0,17 t/ha no período chuvoso.This work was carried to evaluate the effect of different cutting heights on the productivity of elephant grass var. Roxo in dry and rainy season in the Paraíba swamp region. A randomized complete block design in a 4 X 2 factorial, arrangement, with four cutting heights (0, 15, 30 and 45 cm, two periods (dry and rainy seasons and 4 blocks were used. It was evaluated the production/ha of fresh matter (FM, dry matter (DM, leaves (DML, stems (DMS and crude protein (CP. After the uniformity cut, two cuts in dry season with 90 days interval and three cuts in the rainy season with 60 days interval were made. There was no interaction between seasons and cutting heights. However, as cutting height increased, the values

Mapping Upper Amazon Palm Swamps with Spaceborne L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar

Science.gov (United States)

Pinto, N.; McDonald, K. C.; Podest, E.; Schroeder, R.; Zimmermann, R.; Horna, V.

2010-12-01

Palm swamp ecosystems are widespread in the Amazon basin, forming where seasonal flooding is moderate and surface inundation persists. Recent studies suggest that palm swamps have a disproportional role on tropical biogeochemistry: the combination of persistently saturated soils, warm temperatures, and low oxygen soils can support significant land-atmosphere methane flux. Potential impacts of climate change on these ecosystems include changes in temperature and precipitation regimes that influence primary productivity and flood extent significantly, potentially reversing net land-atmosphere carbon exchanges regionally. Data acquired from Earth-orbiting satellites provides the opportunity to characterize vegetation structure and monitor surface inundation independently of cloud cover. Building on efforts under our NASA MEaSUREs project for assembly of a global-scale Earth System Data Record (ESDR) of inundated wetlands, we develop and evaluate a systematic approach to map the distribution and composition of palm swamps in the upper Amazon using data sets from JAXA’s Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) Phased Array L-Band SAR (PALSAR). Our input dataset consists of HH backscatter images acquired in 2007 and 2009. Ground measurements for training were obtained from a study site near Loreto, Peru (4.43S 75.34W) containing the palm species Mauritia flexuosa. The ALOS PALSAR images are first averaged temporally and spatially. We then develop ancillary data layers of flood extent, distance from open water, and SAR image texture. The PALSAR data and derived ancillary layers are combined with MODIS Vegetation Indices and SRTM elevation and input in a classification framework. Since palm swamps are found in persistently flooded areas, we evaluate the potential of identifying and mapping these ecosystems using multi-temporal SAR-based flood extent maps. We conclude by comparing the performance between a decision-tree supervised vs. unsupervised approach and by

Análise econômica da inclusão de farinha do resíduo de buriti na alimentação de poedeiras comerciais

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João Paulo Ferreira Rufino

Full Text Available RESUMO O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o desempenho produtivo e econômico da inclusão de níveis crescentes (0; 5; 10; 15; 20 e 25% de farinha do resíduo de buriti (Mauritia flexuosa, Mart em rações para poedeiras comerciais leves. O experimento teve duração de 84 dias divididos em quatro períodos de 21 dias a partir da utilização de 144 poedeiras Hissex White com 23 semanas. A farinha resíduo de buriti foi inclusa as rações como fonte energética. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado constituído de seis tratamentos e quatro repetições de seis aves cada. Os dados coletados foram analisados utilizando regressão polinomial. O consumo acumulado de ração apresentou diferenças significativas (P<0,05 com o nível de 5,74% apresentando maior consumo acumulado e o nível de 4,48% o ponto ótimo econômico para o consumo, havendo uma redução de até R$ 11,26 no custo de produção das rações. O custo alimentar e o custo de produção apresentaram diferenças significativas (P<0,05, verificando relação diretamente proporcional onde à medida que se aumenta os níveis, o custo alimentar aumenta juntamente com o custo de produção. Foram observadas diferenças significativas (P<0,05 para receita bruta e índice de rentabilidade com melhores resultados verificados nos menores níveis de inclusão. A farinha do resíduo de buriti em rações para poedeiras comerciais pode ser utilizada como aditivo sem ocasionar aumento no preço da ração e perdas na receita bruta. Todavia, até 25%, houve aumento no consumo de ração, no custo de produção e queda na rentabilidade.

Mudanças na estrutura da vegetação lenhosa em três porções da mata de galeria do Córrego Bacaba (1999-2006, Nova Xavantina-MT

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Aline Miguel

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Este estudo, realizado na Mata de Galeria do córrego Bacaba (14º41'S e 52º20'W, em Nova Xavantina, MT, avaliou as mudanças na estrutura da vegetação no período de 1999 a 2006. Em 1999, foram demarcadas 141 parcelas permanentes em três porções da mata (alto, meio e baixo, em um gradiente topográfico, e medidos os indivíduos com CAP ≥ 15 cm. No inventário de 2006, os indivíduos foram remedidos e os recrutas, computados. Em 2006, amostraram-se 135 espécies, 113 gêneros e 49 famílias. A posição hierárquica das espécies apresentou mudanças expressivas em relação a 1999. Na porção do alto, as espécies com maior valor de importância (VI foram: Astrocaryum vulgare, Diospyros guianensis e Calophyllum brasiliense. Essa porção pode ter sido a mais afetada pelo fogo que atingiu a área em 2001, visto que uma espécie típica de ambientes antropizados passou a ocupar a primeira posição de VI. No meio, as espécies mais importantes em 2006 foram: Aspidosperma subincanum, Tetragastris altissima e Hymenaea courbaril. No baixo, apenas Mauritia flexuosa manteve a mesma posição do inventário anterior, e a maior alteração hierárquica foi apresentada pelas espécies pioneiras, sugerindo um fechamento da vegetação. Entre as 10 espécies de maior VI em 2006, nenhuma foi comum às três porções da mata. Características estruturais distintas da vegetação entre áreas geograficamente tão próximas podem estar relacionadas à heterogeneidade do ambiente. As mudanças no VI registradas nas espécies das três porções de mata reforçam a ideia de que esta apresenta elevada dinâmica.

Seasonal variability in methane and nitrous oxide fluxes from tropical peatlands in the western Amazon basin

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Y. A. Teh

2017-08-01

Full Text Available The Amazon plays a critical role in global atmospheric budgets of methane (CH4 and nitrous oxide (N2O. However, while we have a relatively good understanding of the continental-scale flux of these greenhouse gases (GHGs, one of the key gaps in knowledge is the specific contribution of peatland ecosystems to the regional budgets of these GHGs. Here we report CH4 and N2O fluxes from lowland tropical peatlands in the Pastaza–Marañón foreland basin (PMFB in Peru, one of the largest peatland complexes in the Amazon basin. The goal of this research was to quantify the range and magnitude of CH4 and N2O fluxes from this region, assess seasonal trends in trace gas exchange, and determine the role of different environmental variables in driving GHG flux. Trace gas fluxes were determined from the most numerically dominant peatland vegetation types in the region: forested vegetation, forested (short pole vegetation, Mauritia flexuosa-dominated palm swamp, and mixed palm swamp. Data were collected in both wet and dry seasons over the course of four field campaigns from 2012 to 2014. Diffusive CH4 emissions averaged 36.05 ± 3.09 mg CH4–C m−2 day−1 across the entire dataset, with diffusive CH4 flux varying significantly among vegetation types and between seasons. Net ebullition of CH4 averaged 973.3 ± 161.4 mg CH4–C m−2 day−1 and did not vary significantly among vegetation types or between seasons. Diffusive CH4 flux was greatest for mixed palm swamp (52.0 ± 16.0 mg CH4–C m−2 day−1, followed by M. flexuosa palm swamp (36.7 ± 3.9 mg CH4–C m−2 day−1, forested (short pole vegetation (31.6 ± 6.6 mg CH4–C m−2 day−1, and forested vegetation (29.8 ± 10.0 mg CH4–C m−2 day−1. Diffusive CH4 flux also showed marked seasonality, with divergent seasonal patterns among ecosystems. Forested vegetation and mixed palm swamp showed significantly higher

Plants increase laccase activity in soil with long-term elevated CO2 legacy

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Partavian, Asrin; Mikkelsen, Teis Nørgaard; Vestergård, Mette

2015-01-01

[CO2] stimulate laccase activity. We incubated soil exposed to seven years of elevated or ambient field [CO2] in ambient or elevated [CO2] chambers for six months either with or without plants (Deschampsia flexuosa). Elevated chamber [CO2] increased D. flexuosa production and belowground respiration....... Interestingly, plants also grew larger in soil with an elevated [CO2] legacy. Plants stimulated soil microbial biomass, belowground respiration and laccase activity, and the plant-induced laccase stimulation was particularly apparent in soil exposed to long-term elevated [CO2] in the field, whereas laccase......Actively growing plants can stimulate mineralization of recalcitrant soil organic matter (SOM), and increased atmospheric [CO2] can further enhance such plant-mediated SOM degradation. Laccases are central for recalcitrant SOM decomposition, and we therefore hypothesized that plants and elevated...

Do competitive interactions in dry heathlands explain plant abundance patterns and species coexistence?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ransijn, Johannes; Damgaard, Christian; Schmidt, Inger K

2015-01-01

Plant community patterns in space and time may be explained by the interactions between competing plant species. The presented study investigates this in a nutrient and species poor ecosystem. The study presents a methodology for inferring competitive interactions from yearly vegetation inventories...... to predict the community dynamics of C. vulgaris and D. flexuosa. This was compared with the observed plant community structure at 198 Danish dry heathland sites. Interspecific competition will most likely lead to competitive exclusion of D. flexuosa at the observed temporal and spatial scale...... and uses this to assess the outcome of competitive interactions and to predict community patterns and dynamics in a Northwest-European dry heathland. Inferred competitive interactions from five consecutive years of measurements in permanent vegetation frames at a single dry heathland site were used...

Paleomagnetism of the Santa Fé Group, central Brazil: Implications for the late Paleozoic apparent polar wander path for South America

Science.gov (United States)

Brandt, Daniele; Ernesto, Marcia; Rocha-Campos, Antonio Carlos; Dos Santos, Paulo Roberto

2009-02-01

Paleomagnetic and rockmagnetic data are reported for the Floresta Formation (Santa Fé Group) of the Sanfranciscana Basin, central Brazil. This formation represents the Permo-Carboniferous glacial record of the basin and comprises the Brocotó (diamictites and flow diamictites), Brejo do Arroz (red sandstones and shales with dropstones and invertebrate trails), and Lavado (red sandstones) members, which crop out near the cities of Santa Fé de Minas and Canabrava, Minas Gerais State. Both Brejo do Arroz and Lavado members were sampled in the vicinities of the two localities. Alternating field and thermal demagnetizations of 268 samples from 76 sites revealed reversed components of magnetization in all samples in accordance with the Permo-Carboniferous Reversed Superchron. The magnetic carriers are magnetite and hematite with both minerals exhibiting the same magnetization component, suggesting a primary origin for the remanence. We use the high-quality paleomagnetic pole for the Santa Fé Group (330.9°E 65.7°S; N = 60; α95 = 4.1°; k = 21) in a revised late Carboniferous to early Triassic apparent polar wander path for South America. On the basis of this result it is shown that an early Permian Pangea A-type fit is possible if better determined paleomagnetic poles become available.

Nature conservation and grazing management. Free-ranging cattle as a driving force for cyclic vegetation seccession

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bokdam, J.

2003-01-01

Key-words : biodiversity, herbivory, wilderness, non-linear dynamics, mosaic cycling, grassland, wood encroachment, forest, Bos taurus , Calluna vulgaris , Deschampsia flexuosa.This thesis examines the suitability of controlled and wilderness grazing as conservation management tool for open,

Modificación del diseño de la pulpeadora comercial de frutas para pulpeado de fruto entero de Mauritia flexuosa, (aguaje) y mayor valor agregado a partir de la pulpa deshidratada

OpenAIRE

García Pinchi, Ricardo; Alva Arévalo, Alenguer Gerónimo; Tello Célis, Fernando; Silva Ramos, Luis; Díaz Sangama, Emilio; Pasquel Ruíz, Antonio; Vásquez Jurafo, Doylith Claudia; López Ruiz, Tani Lorena; García García, Ronal Stiwar

2015-01-01

La presente investigación plantea : Modificar el diseño del pulpeador, realizar el montaje y puesta en marcha; realizar pruebas de maduración de aguaje en relación al tiempo y al porcentaje de rendimiento en pulpa con el equipo rediseñado; obtener pulpa deshidratada mediante el secador de lecho fluidizado y el liofilizador, realizar pruebas con esta pulpa deshidratadas en la obtención de néctar en distintos envases La modificación del diseño de la pulpeadora convencional nos permitirá pulp...

Análise físico-química dos méis das abelhas Apis mellifera e Melipona scutellaris produzidos em regiões distintas no Estado da Paraíba

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Evangelista-Rodrigues Adriana

2005-01-01

Full Text Available O mel de abelhas é um produto muito apreciado, no entanto, de fácil adulteração com açúcares ou xaropes. Desta forma, é necessário que haja algumas análises para a determinação da sua qualidade para que seja comercializado. Este trabalho teve como objetivo fazer a análise físico-química dos méis de abelha Apis mellifera. e Melipona scutellaris para a comparação entre as espécies e entre as localidades do Brejo e do Cariri (regiões do Estado da Paraíba. Observou-se que o mel de abelha nativa apresenta um maior teor de água (umidade de 25,25% quando comparado com o mel de abelha africanizada (18,76%, dificultando o seu armazenamento, pois o alto teor de água do produto diminui a sua vida útil de prateleira. Para as análises de hidroximetilfurfural, o valor mais alto foi para o mel produzido na região do Cariri, quando comparado com o mel produzido na região do Brejo, o que pode ser explicado pela diferença de temperatura, sendo mais alta no Cariri. Para os valores de pH, obteve-se diferença significativa entre os méis, com o mel do Cariri apresentando valor mais baixo (3,8. Para Acidez Total, o mel de abelha africanizada do Brejo Paraibano apresentou 41,6 meq/kg de mel, enquanto o mel de abelha nativa apresentou 28,3 meq/kg de mel. Para os demais parâmetros estudados, não houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos. Conclui-se que os méis produzidos pelas abelhas africanizadas (A. mellifera e pela abelha nativa Melipona scutellaris na Estação Experimental do Cariri e da Chã-de-Jardim pertencentes ao CCA/UFPB apresentam valores diferentes dos padrões da Regulamento Técnico de Identidade e Qualidade do Mel (Ministério da Agricultura e do Abastecimento para alguns parâmetros, o que pode dificultar o seu armazenamento por um longo período.

Phylogenetic reconstruction using secondary structures of Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2, rDNA: finding the molecular and morphological gap in Caribbean gorgonian corals

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Sánchez Juan A

2007-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Most phylogenetic studies using current methods have focused on primary DNA sequence information. However, RNA secondary structures are particularly useful in systematics because they include characteristics, not found in the primary sequence, that give "morphological" information. Despite the number of recent molecular studies on octocorals, there is no consensus opinion about a region that carries enough phylogenetic resolution to solve intrageneric or close species relationships. Moreover, intrageneric morphological information by itself does not always produce accurate phylogenies; intra-species comparisons can reveal greater differences than intra-generic ones. The search for new phylogenetic approaches, such as by RNA secondary structure analysis, is therefore a priority in octocoral research. Results Initially, twelve predicted RNA secondary structures were reconstructed to provide the basic information for phylogenetic analyses; they accorded with the 6 helicoidal ring model, also present in other groups of corals and eukaryotes. We obtained three similar topologies for nine species of the Caribbean gorgonian genus Eunicea (candelabrum corals with two sister taxa as outgroups (genera Plexaura and Pseudoplexaura on the basis of molecular morphometrics of ITS2 RNA secondary structures only, traditional primary sequence analyses and maximum likelihood, and a Bayesian analysis of the combined data. The latter approach allowed us to include both primary sequence and RNA molecular morphometrics; each data partition was allowed to have a different evolution rate. In addition, each helix was partitioned as if it had evolved at a distinct rate. Plexaura flexuosa was found to group within Eunicea; this was best supported by both the molecular morphometrics and combined analyses. We suggest Eunicea flexuosa (Lamouroux, 1821 comb. nov., and we present a new species description including Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM images of

Famílias escravas, libertos e a dinâmica da escravidão no sertão baiano (18761888)

OpenAIRE

Washington Santos Nascimento

2007-01-01

This paper discusses slave families and the power relationships between freedwomen and their former masters in the interior of Bahia during the second half of the nineteenth century, namely in the Arraial do Brejo Grande (presentday Ituaçu), in the Southwest of Bahia. Focusing on the case study of two slave families and examining the freedwomen´s court battles with their former masters for custody of their children, the paper seeks to provide insights into the dynamics and c...

Spatial distribution of lead and lead isotopes in soil B-horizon, forest-floor humus, grass (Avenella flexuosa) and spruce (Picea abies) needles across the Czech Republic

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sucharova, Julie; Suchara, Ivan [Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Kvetnove namesti 391, 252 43 Pruhonice (Czech Republic); Reimann, Clemens, E-mail: Clemens.Reimann@ngu.no [Geological Survey of Norway, P.O. Box 6315 Sluppen, 7491 Trondheim (Norway); Boyd, Rognvald [Geological Survey of Norway, P.O. Box 6315 Sluppen, 7491 Trondheim (Norway); Filzmoser, Peter [Institute for Statistics and Probability Theory, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, 1040 Wien (Austria); Englmaier, Peter [Faculty of Life Science, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, A-1090 Vienna (Austria)

2011-07-15

Highlights: > Pb-concentrations and {sup 206}Pb/{sup 207}Pb isotope ratios are provided for four different sample materials for the Czech Republic. > The paper demonstrates the local impact of a number of different contamination sources. > The data provide clear evidence that traffic emissions are no major source of Pb to the Czech environment. > The data demonstrate that the B-horizon provides no valid 'background' for Pb-concentration or the {sup 206}Pb/{sup 207}Pb isotope ratio. > Pb isotope ratios change during soil weathering and at the interface biosphere/pedosphere. - Abstract: Lead concentrations were determined in samples of soil B-horizon (N = 258), forest-floor humus (O-horizon, N = 259), grass (Avenella flexuosa, N = 251) and spruce (Picea abies, N = 253) needles (2nd year) collected at the same locations evenly spread over the territory of the Czech Republic at an average density of 1 site/300 km{sup 2}. Median Pb concentrations differ widely in the four materials: soil B-horizon: 27 mg/kg (3.3-220 mg/kg), humus: 78 mg/kg (19-1863 mg/kg), grass: 0.37 mg/kg (0.08-8 mg/kg) and spruce needles: 0.23 mg/kg (0.07-3 mg/kg). In the Pb distribution maps for humus, grass and spruce a number of well-known Pb-contamination sources are indicated by unusually high concentrations (e.g., the Pb smelter at Pribram, the metallurgical industry in the NE of the Czech Republic and along the Polish border, as well as the metallurgical industry in Upper Silesia and Europe's largest coal-fired power plant at Bogatynia, Poland). The ratio {sup 206}Pb/{sup 207}Pb was determined in all four materials. The median value of the {sup 206}Pb/{sup 207}Pb isotope ratio in the soil B-horizon is 1.184 (variation: 1.145-1.337). In both humus and grass the median value for the {sup 206}Pb/{sup 207}Pb isotope ratio is 1.162 (variation: 1.130-1.182), in spruce needles the median ratio is 1.159 (variation: 1.116-1.186). In humus, grass and spruce needles the known contamination

Reduction of molecular gas diffusion through gaskets in leaf gas exchange cuvettes by leaf‐mediated pores

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Boesgaard, Kristine Stove; Mikkelsen, Teis Nørgaard; Ro‐Poulsen, Helge

2013-01-01

material such as grass leaves with circular cross section, and the effectiveness is shown with respiration measurements on a harp of Deschampsia flexuosa leaves. We conclude that the best solution for measurements with portable photosynthesis systems is to avoid LMP rather than trying to correct...

Effect of rice hull mulch on nutrient concentration of fertilized irrigation water

Science.gov (United States)

Parboiled rice hulls are an effective mulch for controlling weeds in nursery containers. A layer of rice hulls between 1.25 and 2.5 cm deep has been shown to provide effective control of liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha), bittercress (Cardamine flexuosa), and creeping woodsorrel (Oxalis corniculata...

A native species with invasive behaviour in coastal dunes: evidence for progressing decay and homogenization of habitat types

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nielsen, Knud Erik; Degn, Hans Jørgen; Damgaard, Christian

2011-01-01

A new species has recently invaded coastal dune ecosystems in North West Europe. The native and expansive inland grass, Deschampsia flexuosa, progressively dominating inland heaths, has recently invaded coastal dunes in Denmark, occasionally even as a dominant species. A total of 222 coastal loca...

Seasonal variations and effects of nutrient applications on N and P and microbial biomass under two temperate heathland plants

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nielsen, Pia Lund; Andresen, Louise Christoffersen; Michelsen, Anders

2009-01-01

. The microbial biomass on the other hand was positively related to soil water content in fertilized plots indicating that this was due to an indirect effect of enhanced nutrient availability. Microbial N and P pools were respectively 1000 and 100 times higher than the pool of inorganic N and P, and microbes...... this process. In this study the soil properties under two dominant heathland plants, the dwarf shrub Calluna vulgaris and the grass Deschampsia flexuosa, were investigated, with focus on nutrient content in the organic top soil and soil microbes during the main growing season and effects of nutrient amendments...... therefore may play an important role in regulating plant nutrient supply. Judged from responses of inorganic and microbial N and P concentrations to added N and P, N seemed to limit C. vulgaris and soil microbes below while P seemed to limit D. flexuosa and soil microbes below this species. There were lower...

COMPOSICIÓN FLORÍSTICA Y ESTRUCTURA DE LOS BOSQUES RIBEREÑOS DE LA CUENCA BAJA DEL RÍO PAUTO, CASANARE, COLOMBIA

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Diego Mauricio Cabrera-Amaya

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Se caracterizó la composición florística y aspectos de la estructura de la vegetación en bosques ribereños de la cuenca baja del río Pauto (Colombia, Casanare utilizando la información de nueve parcelas de 20 x 50 m (1000 m², se midieron el diámetro a la altura del pecho (DAP, la altura total y cobertura de la copa. Se analizó la riqueza y los valores de importancia por especie y por familia. Se realizó un análisis para establecer una clasificación local de los tipos de bosque, los cuales se describieron en términos de clases diamétricas y altimétricas, diagramas estructurales e índice de predominio fisionómico. Se registraron 185 especies, 127 géneros y 56 familias, la mayor riqueza florística se agrupó en las familias Rubiaceae, Moraceae, Myrtaceae, Fabaceae y Bignoniaceae y en los géneros Ficus, Piper, Psychotria e Inga. Las familias con mayor IVF fueron Arecaceae, Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Moraceae y Verbenaceae. Las especies más importantes según su IVI fueron: Attalea butyracea, Clarisia biflora, Sarcaulus brasiliensis, Dendropanax arboreus e Inga interrupta. Se encontraron seis comunidades, de las cuales sólo la primera se ha mencionado con anterioridad: 1 Palmar de Mauritia flexuosa y Euterpe precatoria, 2 Bosque de galería de Copaifera pubiflora y Homalium racemosum, 3 Bosque de vega de Discocarpus spruceanus y Sloanea terniflora, 4 Bosque de vega de Attalea butyracea y Garcinia madruno, 5 Bosque de galería de Attalea butyracea e Inga interrupta, y 6 Bosque de vega Attalea butyracea y Clarisia biflora. Los bosques presentan múltiples estratos con alturas del dosel desde los 18 m sobre las riberas de los caños, hasta 25 m en las vegas de los ríos. La riqueza y la composición concuerdan con los patrones florísticos de la Orinoquía colombiana, especialmente a nivel de familia, pero son menos las coincidencias a nivel de género y especie. La concentración de individuos en clases diamétricas pequeñas es

GEOMORFOLOGÍA Y ESTRATIGRAFÍA DE LAS FORMACIONES CUATERNARIAS EN LA REGIÓN DEL TRAPECIO AMAZÓNICO COLOMBIANO

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ALEXIS JARAMILLO JUSTINICO

2013-12-01

Full Text Available En la región del trapecio amazónico de Colombia, las secuencias sedimentarias recientes (neo formación dependen en su forma y en su estabilidad del ciclo anual de inundación del río Amazonas. Entre los materiales sedimentarios no afectados por el ciclo actual del río se reconoce a la terraza de Leticia-Tabatinga, de edad estimada entre 8000 y 10000 años A.P., aunque es posible que su modelado se generara en el tardiglaciar (14.000 años AP.. Sus sedimentos están recubiertos por la Formación Iça y es la más alta de las unidades geológicas que aún conservan su morfología plana original. Otros materiales sedimentados se han acumulado como depósitos de canal asociado a drenajes sobre la terraza, con una edad aproximada de alrededor de 8.600 años A.P. Los lagos asociados con cananguchales (palmares dominados por Mauritia flexuosa se reconocen sobre la terraza de Leticia y se encuentran en las áreas donde se observa erosión diferencial, fenómeno que es relativamente reciente de hace aproximadamente 530 años A.P. Entre las unidades geológicas vinculadas con las zonas inundadas por el ciclo anual del río Amazonas, figuran los sistemas lacustres de Zapatero y Yahuarcaca cuya formación se estima entre 240 años A.P. y 150 años A.P., se hallan cercadas por la terraza aluvial La Milagrosa de edad estimada en 131 años A.P., que es cubierta por el agua en épocas de niveles altos de lluvias. También se reconocen geoformas (neoformación de sistemas aluviales meándricos, como barras de arena, canales, canales de drenaje que conectan un río con otro, o un río a un lago o dos trazos de un río. Las geoformas y los materiales de neoformación son jóvenes y tienen demasiada evolución debido al modelado permanente del paisaje que está directamente relacionada con alteraciones procedentes de la intervención humana (cambio climático que influyen directamente en las dinámicas fluviales en el territorio.

Mucilage-secreting structures of Hibiscus pernambucensis Arruda (Malvaceae): distribution, morphoanatomical and histochemical characterization

OpenAIRE

Rocha, Joecildo Francisco; Pimentel, Rafael Ribeiro; Machado, Silvia Rodrigues [UNESP

2011-01-01

No presente trabalho foram estudadas as estruturas secretoras de mucilagem de Hibiscus pernambucensis aos microscópios de luz e de varredura. Conhecida como guaxima-do-mangue e algodão-do-brejo, é espécie nativa encontrada no litoral brasileiro, vegetando áreas de manguezal e restinga, tendo grande importância ecológica nestes ecossistemas. É importante produtora de fibras têxteis e celulose, fornece abundante mucilagem suscetível das mesmas aplicações medicinais de outras malváceas, além da ...

Estruturas secretoras de mucilagem em Hibiscus pernambucensis Arruda (Malvaceae): distribuição, caracterização morfoanatômica e histoquímica

OpenAIRE

Rocha,Joecildo Francisco; Pimentel,Rafael Ribeiro; Machado,Silvia Rodrigues

2011-01-01

No presente trabalho foram estudadas as estruturas secretoras de mucilagem de Hibiscus pernambucensis aos microscópios de luz e de varredura. Conhecida como guaxima-do-mangue e algodão-do-brejo, é espécie nativa encontrada no litoral brasileiro, vegetando áreas de manguezal e restinga, tendo grande importância ecológica nestes ecossistemas. É importante produtora de fibras têxteis e celulose, fornece abundante mucilagem suscetível das mesmas aplicações medicinais de outras malváceas, além da ...

Contribuição ao estudo químico e avaliação da atividade antioxidante dos frutos verdes de Clusia paralicola (Clusiaceae)

OpenAIRE

Rafaela Oliveira Ferreira

2011-01-01

Clusia paralicola (Clusiaceae) têm ocorrência nas florestas nordestinas, especialmente do semi-árido e dos brejos de altitude, é conhecida popularmente como pororoca. Este trabalho descreve o estudo químico e a avaliação da atividade antioxidante dos frutos verdes de Clusia paralicola. O estudo químico resultou no isolamento e identificação de dois biflavonóides (GB-1-7-O-glicosídeo e 3,8-binaringenina-7-O-β-glicosídeo), uma catequina (epicatequina), dois esteróides (β-sitosterol...

Floração, frutificação e síndromes de dispersão de uma comunidade de floresta de brejo na região de Campinas (SP Flowering, fruiting and dispersal syndromes of a wet forest community

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Andréa Pozetti Spina

2001-12-01

Full Text Available Dados referentes as fenofases de floração e de frutificação, das espécies de uma floresta de brejo, foram analisados quanto à época de ocorrência e suas possíveis variações nos diferentes hábitos. Os dados foram obtidos mensalmente durante o levantamento florístico das plantas vasculares. Foram registrados: o hábito da espécie, a presença ou ausência de flores e/ou frutos, a cor e a textura dos frutos. Os dados de frutificação foram agrupados quanto à deiscência e textura dos frutos, e estes quando secos e deiscentes, foram analisados quanto à presença ou não de arilo ou arilóide, e de mecanismos explosivos de deiscência. Através desta análise as espécies foram classificadas quanto às síndromes de dispersão. Na comunidade a floração e a frutificação ocorreram durante o ano todo com um pico em junho, comum à maioria das espécies. Quando as espécies são agrupadas pelo hábito, são observadas diferenças quanto à época de ocorrência de seus picos de floração e de frutificação ao longo do ano. A síndrome de dispersão mais freqüente foi a zoocoria (75% das espécies, seguida pela anemocoria (27% e pela autocoria (l6%. As espécies arborescentes e arbustivas apresentaram as maiores porcentagens de zoocoria (75% e 57% respectivamente enquanto que, 63% das espécies de lianas apresentaram anemocoria.Flowering and fruiting phenophase data of species from a wet forest community were analyzed. The data were collected monthly during the floristic study. Habit, the presence or absence of flowers and/or fruits, and the color and texture of fruits were registered. Fruiting data were grouped in relation to dehiscence type and texture. When dry and dehiscent the fruits were discriminated by the presence of an aril or arillode or by the explosive dehiscence. By these analyses the species were classified according to their dispersal syndromes. In the community flowering and fruiting occurred during all the year

Nitrogen-Utilization by Plant-Species from Acid Heathland Soils .2. Growth and Shoot/Root Partitioning of No3- Assimilation at Constant Low Ph and Varying No3-/Nh4+ Ratio

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Troelstra, S.R.; Wagenaar, R.; Smant, W.

1995-01-01

The growth of four heathland species, two grasses (D. flexuosa, M. caerulea) and two dwarf shrubs (C. vulgaris, E. tetralix), was tested in solution culture at pH 4.0 with 2 mol m(-3) N, varying the NO3-/NH4+ ratio up to 40% nitrate. In addition, measurements of NRA, plant chemical composition, and

Notifications of violence against children and teens by health professionals

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Jakelline Miranda Alves

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Objective: Describing the notifications of violence against children and adolescents at the 19th Health Region of Brejo Santo, Ceará, Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional study. All reports of violence against children and adolescents contained in the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN between 2010 and 2014 were used. The following variables were considered: gender, age, race, place of occurrence, recurrence, relationship to the victim and type of violence. Data were extracted and presented in tables in the form of absolute and percentage frequency. Results: During the study period, 40 reports of violence against children and adolescents were recorded in the municipalities of the 19th Health Region of Brejo Santo, representing 53.3% of the total 75 calls. There was an increase in reports of almost 1050%, from 3 notifications in 2010 to 23 reports in 2014. The psychological and moral violence had the highest number of notifications. Regarding gender, moral/psychological (59% and sexual (100% violence prevailed in females; physical violence (46.1% and negligence (100% prevailed in males. Conclusion: There was a significant increase in the number of notifications, which gave visibility to the issue. This shows a need for constant qualification of the professionals who participate in the process of care for people who have suffered or who live in situations of violence; and the importance of effective and standardized filling of the notifications files; as information obtained by its filling, besides giving visibility to the issue, are essential for the development of consistent service policies, committed to the reality of victimized children.

Caracterização hidrodinâmica e hidrodispersiva de um latossolo amarelo na microrregião do brejo paraibano Hydrodynamic and hydrodispersive parameters of an oxisol in the wetland region of Paraíba

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André Maciel Netto

2013-02-01

Full Text Available Para modelar o fluxo de água e o transporte de soluto em solos são necessários parâmetros hidrodinâmicos e hidrodispersivos como dados de entrada nos modelos numéricos. O experimento de infiltração axissimétrica utilizando um infiltrômetro de anel simples com um traçador conservativo (KCl é um método simples e eficiente para determinar esses parâmetros no campo. O objetivo deste trabalho consistiu na caracterização hidrodinâmica e hidrodispersiva de um Latossolo Amarelo situado na microrregião do brejo paraibano, no município de Areia, PB, em nível de campo, por meio da infiltrometria de anel simples. Os experimentos foram realizados em uma área cultivada com feijão em uma malha de 50 x 50 m. A condutividade hidráulica saturada, Ks, e a sorvidade, S, foram estimadas pelas análises de infiltração tridimensional axissimétrica para tempos curto e longo. O soluto inerte (Cl- foi utilizado para o cálculo da fração de água móvel, Φ, por meio da medição da concentração de soluto na camada do solo (0-15 cm ao final do experimento de infiltração. Um modelo numérico de transferência de soluto com base no conceito de convec��ão-dispersão (CD foi utilizado para definir os parâmetros (D e R de transporte. A infiltrometria de anel simples demonstrou ser um método simples e eficiente para obtenção dos parâmetros hidrodinâmicos e hidrodispersivos. Observou-se boa concordância entre os valores medidos e calculados (v, D e R com o modelo CD observado pelos coeficientes de determinação (r².To model the water flow and solute transport in soils, hydrodynamic and hydrodispersive parameters are required as input data in the mathematical models. The axisymmetric infiltration experiment using a single-ring infiltrometer with a conservative tracer (KCl is a simple and efficient method for the determination of these parameters in the field. The objective of this study was to characterize hydrodynamic and

A paleoictiofauna da Formação Missão Velha, Cretáceo Inferior da Bacia do Araripe, Nordeste do Brasil

OpenAIRE

Camila David Cupello

2011-01-01

A Bacia sedimentar do Araripe é uma das mais ricas localidades fossilíferas do mundo e representa algumas das principais fases da evolução tectônica ligadas ao processo de abertura do Atlântico Sul. Essa bacia se subdivide em dois pacotes estratigráficos distintos: o Grupo Cariri (constituído pelas formações Cariri, Missão Velha e Rio Batateiras) e o Grupo Araripe (constituído pelas formações Crato, Ipubi, Santana e Exu). No caso do Grupo Cariri, apenas a Formação Missão Velha (= Brejo Santo ...

Utilização dos serviços odontólogicos por pré-escolares em um município de pequeno porte do Estado da Paraíba

OpenAIRE

Paredes, Suyene de Oliveira; Fernandes, José Renato Linhares; Fernandes, Jocianelle Maria Félix de Alencar; Menezes, Valdenice Aparecida

2015-01-01

Introdução O atendimento odontológico vem sendo estimulado desde o período pré-natal. Contudo, existem crianças na idade pré-escolar que nunca foram conduzidas a uma consulta odontológica. Objetivo O objetivo desde estudo foi analisar a utilização dos serviços odontológicos por pré-escolares, de um a cinco anos, residentes em Brejo do Cruz-PB, município de pequeno porte pertencente ao sertão paraibano. Material e método Este estudo caracterizou-se por ser do tipo descritivo, transversal, com ...

Evaluación de una plantación de mauritia flexuosa l.f. (aguaje) con fines de manejo sostenido en el centro de investigación y enseñanza forestal puerto almendras, iquitos - Perú

OpenAIRE

Rodríguez Gómez, Jorge Luis

2008-01-01

The present work developed in the Forestries Faculty of the Amazonía Peruana's University Nacional, He evaluated 2 plantation there is of 16- years sea current of once was installed with handling ends sustained with different separations. The parameters evaluados went : individuals's number with and without stipes, total and partial height, inclination and orientation angle of turning of the leaves, alive leaves, heavy loss of life and survival number and also the ground where the plantation...

INFLUÊNCIA DOS FATORES AMBIENTAIS SOBRE O TAMANHO DA LEITEGADA AO NASCER E TAXA DE MORTALIDADE À DESMAMA DE LEITÕES NO BREJO PARAIBANO INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON THE LITTER SIZE AT BIRTH AND OF MORTALITY RATE AT WEANING OF PIGS IN PARAÍBA

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Luci Sayori Murata

2007-04-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho objetiva avaliar a influência dos fatores ambientais sobre o tamanho da leitegada ao nascer e a taxa de mortalidade à desmama de leitões no Brejo Paraibano. Para isso, utilizaram-se dados provenientes de fichas zootécnicas do rebanho da Granja SUPASA no município de Guarabira, Estado da Paraíba, e procedeu-se à análise das fichas zootécnicas do plantel de suínos puros das raças Landrace e Large White e dos animais mestiços (Landrace x Large White, nascidos no período de 1995 a 1996. Foram estudadas as seguintes características: o número de leitões nascidos por leitegada (tamanho da leitegada ao nascer e a taxa de mortalidade dos leitões pré-desmame, em relação à raça da mãe, mês e ano de parição e sexo dos leitões. Após o estudo dos dados coletados, verificaram-se diferenças significativas entre raças para o tamanho da leitegada, a saber: a raça Landrace e os mestiços apresentaram um maior número de leitões nascidos por leitegada do que a Large White; o ano e o mês de parição exerceram efeito significativo sobre o tamanho da leitegada ao nascer, assim como a taxa de mortalidade à desmama. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Eficiência produtiva, mortalidade, raças, reprodução, suínos This experiment was carried out to evaluate the influence of the environmental and genetic factors on the litter size and mortality rate at birth and weaning f pigs in Paraíba, Brazil. The Zootechnical data was collected from farm SUPASA, in the district of Guarabira, state of Paraíba, Brasil. They were analyzed the data of pure swine Landrace and Large White and crossed animals (Landrace x Large White, born in the period from 1995 to 1996. The following characteristics were evaluated number of born pigs per litter (piglets born alive and the rate of mortality of the pigs at weaning, in relation to the mother’s race, month and year of parturition, and sex of the pigs. After the studies of the collected data significant

Levantamento florísitico na Estação Ecológica do Tripuí, Ouro Preto, MG Floristic inventory in the Tripuí Ecological Station, Ouro Preto, MG

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Gilberto Pedralli

1997-12-01

Full Text Available Realizou-se o levantamento florístico na Estação Ecológica do Tripuí, Ouro Preto, MG (43º34'33" W e 20º23'45"S. O clima da região é do tipo mesotérmico, com inverno seco (Cwb sg. Köppen e com temperaturas médias oscilando entre 14º e 19ºC. A Estação apresenta como principais tipos vegetacionais as florestas mesófilas estacionais, o cerrado, a vegetação aquática (brejos, lagoa artificial e córregos e as formações sucessionais ('candeial'. Para o levantamento florístico utilizou-se o método de parcelas e coletas por trilhas e caminhos, sendo identificadas 101 famílias, 242 gêneros e 462 espécies. As famílias que apresentaram maior riqueza específica foram Asteraceae (10,82%, Melastomataceae (8,22%, Myrtaceae (7,14% e Rubiaceae (4,76%.A floristic inventory was carried out in Tripuí Ecological Station, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais state (43º34'33" W and 20º23'45"S. In this region the climate, according to Koppen's classification, is Cwb, i.e., with a mild summer and a dry winter. The main vegetation types identified were semideciduous mesophytic forests, cerrado, aquatic vegetation ('brejos', artificial lake and creeks and secondary formations ('candeial'. Through the floristic inventory in plots, trails and ways were identified 101 families, 242 genera and 462 species. Asteraceae (10,82%, Melastomataceae (8,22%, Myrtaceae (7,14% and Rubiaceae (4,76% were the families with the greatest specific richness.

Phenotypic plasticity or speciation? A case from a clonal marine organism

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Yoshioka Paul M

2008-02-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Clonal marine organisms exhibit high levels of morphological variation. Morphological differences may be a response to environmental factors but also they can be attributed to accumulated genetic differences due to disruption of gene flow among populations. In this study, we examined the extensive morphological variation (of 14 characters in natural populations observed in the gorgonian Eunicea flexuosa, a widely distributed Caribbean octocoral. Eco-phenotypic and genetic effects were evaluated by reciprocal transplants of colonies inhabiting opposite ends of the depth gradient and analysis of population genetics of mitochondrial and nuclear genes, respectively. Results Significant differences (P 17 m. A discriminant function analysis based on a priori univariate and multivariate analyses (which separated the colonies in morphotypes correctly classified 93% of the colonies for each environment. Light, water motion and sediment transport might influence the distribution of the two morphotypes. Reaction norms of morphological characters of colonies reciprocally transplanted showed gradual significant changes through the 15 months of transplantation. Sclerites of shallow water colonies became larger when transplanted to deeper environments and vice versa, but neither of the two transplanted groups overlapped with the residents' morphology. Genetic analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear genes suggested that such discrete morphology and non-overlapping phenotypic plasticity is correlated with the presence of two independent evolutionary lineages. The distribution of the lineages is non-random and may be related to adaptational responses of each lineage to the environmental demands of each habitat. Conclusion The extensive distribution and ample morphological variation of Eunicea flexuosa corresponds to two distinct genetic lineages with narrower distributions and more rigid phenotypic plasticity than the original description. The

Plant community responses to climate change

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kongstad, J.

2012-07-01

Climate change is expected to affect terrestrial ecosystems across the globe with increased atmospheric CO{sub 2} concentration, higher temperatures and changes in precipitation patterns. These environmental factors are drivers of many important ecosystem processes, and changes in ecosystem function are therefore expected in the future. The aim of this PhD-thesis was to examine the effects of climate change on aboveground plant growth, plant composition and plant phenology in Danish heathland ecosystems. Two sites were investigated in large-scale field experiments: 1) the CLIMAITE site, 'Brandbjerg' and 2) the INCREASE site at Mols. Field manipulations lasted years and included: Warming, summer drought and (CLIMAITE only) elevated CO{sub 2} concentrations. The treatments were applied individually and in all possible combinations. Further, at Brandbjerg, but outside the treatment plots, a study was performed on the effects nitrogen and phosphorus addition on phenology, chemistry and growth of the dominant grass Deschampsia flexuosa (Wavy Hairgrass). In general, the aboveground vegetation responded less than expected to changing climatic conditions; even though Calluna vulgaris (Heather) increased in biomass over the study period, the biomass was not affected by the manipulations, indicating that C. vulgaris, has a strong resistance to changes in climate. Also, the grass biomass (primarily D. flexuosa) was not affected and was relatively constant over the period. I argue that the resilience of D. flexuosa towards the climatic treatments came from the plants ability to let the tissue die back, and then quickly recover once conditions again became favourable. That gave the plant a high resilience to changes in climatic factors. Calluna vulgaris, on the other hand, showed a resistance to changes by constantly maintaining the growth during the whole season, probably because of its evergreen status. Together, the two different strategies made the heathland

Distribution and Conservation of Davilla (Dilleniaceae in Brazilian Atlantic Forest Using Ecological Niche Modeling

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Ismael Martins Pereira

2014-01-01

Full Text Available We have modeled the ecological niche for 12 plant species belonging to the genus Davilla (Dilleniaceae which occur in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. This group includes endemic species lianas threatened by extinction and is therefore a useful indicator for forest areas requiring conservation. The aims are to compare the distribution and richness of species within the protected areas, assessing the degree of protection and gap analysis of reserves for this group. We used the Maxent algorithm with environmental and occurrence data, and produced geographic distribution maps. The results show that high species richness occurs in forest and coastal forest of Espírito Santo to Bahia states. The endemic species comprise D. flexuosa, D. macrocarpa, D. flexuosa, D. grandifolia, and D. sessilifolia. In the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil, the following endemic species occur: D. tintinnabulata and D. glaziovii, with this latter species being included in the “red list” due habitat loss and predatory extractivism. The indicators of species richness in the coastal region of Bahia correspond with floristic inventories that point to this area having a high biodiversity. Although this region has several protected areas, there are gaps in reserves, which, combined with anthropogenic threats and fragmentation, have caused several problems for biodiversity.

Nuevas citas de Asteraceae para la provincia de Catamarca (Argentina New records of Asteraceae for the province of Catamarca (Argentina

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Susana E. Freire

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Se mencionan los siguientes nuevos registros de Asteráceas para la provincia de Catamarca, Argentina: Baccharis acaulis, B. boliviensis var. latifolia, B. flexuosa, B. glutinosa var. angustissima, B. stenophylla (Tribu Astereae, Eupatorium patens var. tomentosum (Tribu Eupatorieae, Cosmos bipinnatus, C. peucedanifolius var. peucedanifolius, Helianthus annuus (Tribu Heliantheae, Gamochaeta erythractis, G. longipedicellata, Gnaphalium lacteum, Tessaria integrifolia var. integrifolia (Tribu Inuleae, Chuquiraga ruscifolia (Tribu Mutisieae, Senecio crepidifolius, S. subulatus var. subulatus, Xenophyllum incisum var. incisum (Tribu Senecioneae. Se citan además el hábitat de los taxones y las provincias fitogeográficas que integran. Se propone una nueva combinación, Baccharis glutinosa Pers. var. angustissima (DC. Giuliano.The following Asteraceae are mentioned for the province of Catamarca: Baccharis acaulis, B. boliviensis var. latifolia, B. flexuosa, B. glutinosa var. angustissima, B. stenophylla (Tribe Astereae, Eupatorium patens var. tomentosum (Tribe Eupatorieae, Cosmos bipinnatus, C. peucedanifolius var. peucedanifolius, Helianthus annuus (Tribe Heliantheae, Gamochaeta erythractis, G. longipedicellata, Gnaphalium lacteum, Tessaria integrifolia var. integrifolia (Tribe Inuleae, Chuquiraga ruscifolia (Tribe Mutisieae, Senecio crepidifolius, S. subulatus var. subulatus, Xenophyllum incisum var. incisum (Tribe Senecioneae. The habitat and phytogeographic provinces of the taxa are mentioned. The following new combination is proposed: Baccharis glutinosa Pers. var. angustissima (DC. Giuliano.

Investigating Interactions between the Silica and Carbon Cycles during Precipitation and Early Diagenesis of Authigenic Clay/Carbonate-Mineral Associations in the Carbonate Rock Record

Science.gov (United States)

McKenzie, J. A.; Francisca Martinez Ruiz, F.; Sanchez-Roman, M.; Anjos, S.; Bontognali, T. R. R.; Nascimento, G. S.; Vasconcelos, C.

2017-12-01

The study of authigenic clay/carbonate-mineral associations within carbonate sequences has important implications for the interpretation of scientific problems related with rock reservoir properties, such as alteration of potential porosity and permeability. More specifically, when clay minerals are randomly distributed within the carbonate matrix, it becomes difficult to predict reservoir characteristics. In order to understand this mineral association in the geological record, we have undertaken a comparative study of specially designed laboratory experiments with modern environments, where clay minerals have been shown to precipitate together with a range of carbonate minerals, including calcite, Mg-calcite and dolomite. Two modern dolomite-forming environments, the Coorong lakes, South Australia and Brejo do Espinho Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were selected for this investigation. For comparative evaluation, enrichment microbial culture experiments, using natural pore water from Brejo do Espinho as the growth medium to promote mineral precipitation, were performed under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. To establish the environmental parameters and biological processes facilitating the dual mineral association, the experimental samples have been compared with the natural minerals using HRTEM measurements. The results demonstrate that the clay and carbonate minerals apparently do not co-precipitate, but the precipitation of the different minerals in the same sample has probably occurred under different environmental conditions with variable chemistries, e.g., hypersalinity versus normal salinity resulting from the changing ratio of evaporation versus precipitation. Thus, the investigated mineral association is not a product of diagenetic processes but of sequential in situ precipitation processes related to changes in the silica and carbon availability. Implications for ancient carbonate formations will be presented and discussed in the context of a specific

Characterization of functional SSR markers in Prosopis alba and their transferability across Prosopis species

OpenAIRE

María F. Pomponio; Cintia Acuña; Vivien Pentreath; Diego L. Lauenstein; Susana M. Poltri; Susana Torales

2015-01-01

Aim of study: The aim of the study was to characterize functional microsatellite markers in Prosopis alba and examine the transferability to species from the Prosopis genus. Area of the study: samples were obtained from natural populations of Argentina. Material and Methods: Eleven SSR functional markers related to stress and metabolism were amplified in a sample of 152 genotypes from P.alba, P. denudans, P. hassleriP. chilensis, P. flexuosa, and interspecific hybrids. Main res...

Análise físico-química dos méis das abelhas Apis mellifera e Melipona scutellaris produzidos em regiões distintas no Estado da Paraíba

OpenAIRE

Evangelista-Rodrigues,Adriana; Silva,Eva Mônica.Sarmento da; Beserra,Ennio Marcello Fernandes; Rodrigues,Marcelo Luis

2005-01-01

O mel de abelhas é um produto muito apreciado, no entanto, de fácil adulteração com açúcares ou xaropes. Desta forma, é necessário que haja algumas análises para a determinação da sua qualidade para que seja comercializado. Este trabalho teve como objetivo fazer a análise físico-química dos méis de abelha Apis mellifera. e Melipona scutellaris para a comparação entre as espécies e entre as localidades do Brejo e do Cariri (regiões do Estado da Paraíba). Observou-se que o mel de abelha nativa ...

Submerged macrophyte biomass distribution in the shallow saline lake Fuente de Piedra (Spain as function of environmental variables

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Conde-Álvarez, Rafael M.

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Aquatic macrophyte biomass, diaspore bank distribution and their relationship to spatial variability of depth, nutrients (nitrite, nitrate, ammonium and soluble reactive phosphorus as well as sediment granulometry in an athalassohaline lake have been studied during one wet hydrological year. The results indicate that species growing in the lake show different spatial distribution patterns throughout the lake. Indirect gradient analysis (canonical analysis results showed a first axis defined as a function of Ulva flexuosa Wulfen biomass which is, in turn, positively correlated with interstitial ammonium and Soluble Reactive Phosphorus (SRP. The second axis was mainly established due to Lamprothamnium papulosum (Wallr. J. Groves biomass which correlated positively to depth and negatively to interstitial ammonium and SRP. These results revealed a NESW eutrophic gradient allowing the U. Flexuosa biomass proliferation. This phenomenon could increase the shadow effect over the rest of the macrophytes inhabiting this shallow lake. Moreover, the eutrophic harmful effect on the macrophyte physiology and over the diaspore bank could have important consequences in the survival of such important populations. The results reported in this study show the need for studies as the base to select sampling points for monitoring this wetland.

La distribución de la biomasa de los macrófitos acuáticos y de su banco de semillas y oogonios ha sido investigada en relación a la profundidad, los nutrientes (nitrito, nitrato, amonio y fósforo soluble reactivo y la granulometría del sedimento durante un año hidrológico húmedo. Los resultados muestran patrones de distribución diferentes en las distintas especies. Los resultados del análisis canónico basado en análisis de gradiente indirecto muestran un primer eje definido en función de la biomasa de U. Flexuosa, Wulfen que, a su vez, está positivamente correlacionada con el

Desarrollo de los gametofitos de especies mexicanas de helechos de la familia Gleicheniaceae

OpenAIRE

Farfán-Santillán, Norberto; Mendoza-Ruiz, Aniceto; Pérez-García, Blanca; Velázquez-Montes, Ernesto

2017-01-01

ResumenEn México, la familia Gleicheniaceae está representada por Dicranopteris flexuosa, Diplopterygium bancroftii, Gleichenella pectinata, Sticherus bifidus, S. brevipubis, S. palmatus y S. underwoodianus; existen pocos trabajos sobre el estudio de los gametofitos de algunas especies de esta familia, por lo que el objetivo es describir, comparar y aportar información sobre su germinación, desarrollo de los gametofitos y finalmente determinar si los caracteres de los prótalos son útiles en l...

ARMAZENAMENTO DE SEMENTES DE IPÊ-AMARELO-DO-BREJO (Handroanthus umbellatus (Sond. Mattos. Bignoniaceae

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Cibele Chalita Martins

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Seed storage under controlled environmental conditions represents one of the most important lines of research to be applied on short-lived forest species as Handroanthus . The present research aimed to identify the most suitable seed storage conditions and longevity behavior of Handroanthus umbellatus seeds subject to the following storage treatments: packaging permeable paper bags under a no-controlled laboratory temperature and humidity (control and multiwall semipermeable bag at temperatures of -18 ºC, 1 ºC and 25 ºC. Seeds were dried to 6.3% of water content. Stored seeds were evaluated every three months until 24 months for water content, germination percentage and vigor utilizing first counting test. Seeds of T. umbellata are orthodox, with low longevity under natural conditions, once they remain viable for less than 5 months. The best conditions of seed preservation of these species were obtained by storage at -18° C in multiwall bags. Under these conditions physiological seed quality remains unchanged for a 24-month period.

Ação de extratos de plantas medicinais sobre juvenis de Meloidogyne incognita raça 2

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Maria da Conceição Beserra Martins

Full Text Available RESUMO Os fitonematoides são parasitas que afetam seriamente as culturas em todo o mundo comprometendo a produção agrícola e, por vezes, inviabilizando a utilização de numerosas áreas de cultivo. A busca por medidas alternativas de controle em substituição aos nematicidas convencionais é uma preocupação mundial, justificando pesquisas com substâncias naturais por serem eficientes e ecologicamente corretos. Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar o efeito de extratos vegetais de agrião-do-brejo (Eclipta alba L., alfavaca (Ocimum basilicum, artemísia (Artemísia vulgaris, capim citronela (Cymbopogon winteranus, chambá (Justicia pectoralis, confrei (Symphytum officinalle, hortelã (Mentha x vilosa, lombrigueira (Spigelia anthelmia, mastruz (Chenopodium ambrosioides e menta (Mentha arvensis na motilidade e mortalidade de juvenis de Meloidogyneincognita raça 2. Os extratos, obtidos a partir de folhas secas sob infusão ou sob maceração em água, foram diluídos e distribuídos em placas de Petri às quais foram adicionados 50 juvenis de segundo estádio (J2. Após permanecerem por 48 horas nos extratos, todos os J2 móveis ou imóveis foram contados e, em seguida, transferidos para água determinando-se, após 24 horas, a porcentagem de J2 mortos. Os J2 ainda ativos foram inoculados em mudas de tomateiro ‘Santa Clara’ em casa de vegetação para avaliar a sua infectividade. Os extratos macerados das plantas medicinais, excetuando-se capim citronela, hortelã e menta, apresentaram alta atividade nematicida com mais de 70% de J2 mortos. Mortalidade total ocorreu em extratos de lombrigueira, agrião-do-brejo e mastruz. A ausência de galhas nas raízes de tomateiros inoculados confirmou o efeito tóxico desses extratos.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improve photosynthetic energy use efficiency and decrease foliar construction cost under recurrent water deficit in woody evergreen species.

Science.gov (United States)

Barros, Vanessa; Frosi, Gabriella; Santos, Mariana; Ramos, Diego Gomes; Falcão, Hiram Marinho; Santos, Mauro Guida

2018-06-01

Plants suffer recurrent cycles of water deficit in semiarid regions and have several mechanisms to tolerate low water availability. Thus, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can alleviate deleterious effects of stress. In this study, Cynophalla flexuosa plants, a woody evergreen species from semiarid, when associated with AMF were exposed to two consecutive cycles of water deficit. Leaf primary metabolism, specific leaf area (SLA), leaf construction cost (CC) and photosynthetic energy use efficiency (PEUE) were measured. The maximum stress occurred on seven days (cycle 1) and ten days (cycle 2) after suspending irrigation (photosynthesis close to zero). The rehydration was performed for three days after each maximum stress. In both cycles, plants submitted to water deficit showed reduced gas exchange and leaf relative water content. However, Drought + AMF plants had significantly larger leaf relative water content in cycle 2. At cycle 1, the SLA was larger in non-inoculated plants, while CC was higher in inoculated plants. At cycle 2, Drought + AMF treatment had lower CC and large SLA compared to control, and high PEUE compared to Drought plants. These responses suggest AMFs increase tolerance of C. flexuosa to recurrent water deficit, mainly in cycle 2, reducing the CC, promoting the improvement of SLA and PEUE, leading to higher photosynthetic area. Thus, our result emphasizes the importance of studies on recurrence of water deficit, a common condition in semiarid environments. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Antagonism between elevated CO2, nighttime warming, and summer drought reduces the robustness of PSII performance to freezing events

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Albert, Kristian Rost; Boesgaard, Kristine Stove; Ro-Poulsen, Helge

2013-01-01

yield in light, Fv′/Fm′, using the pulse amplitude methodology, and the total performance index, PItotal, which integrate changes of the chlorophyll-a fluorescence transient including the maximal quantum yield in darkness, Fv/Fm.Decreasing temperature during autumn linearly reduced PItotal, both...... in the wavy hair-grass, Deschampsia flexuosa, and in the evergreen dwarf shrub common heather, Calluna vulgaris, and following freezing events the PItotal and Fv′/Fm′ were reduced even more. Contrary to expected, indirect effects of the previous summer drought reduced PSII performance before freezing events...

Tracing in situ amino acid uptake in plants and microbes with¹⁵N¹³C labelled compounds

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Andresen, Louise Christoffersen; Michelsen, Anders; Jonasson, Sven Evert

amino acids. Furthermore, tannin addition tended to reduce plant uptake of label. By combining data on 15N recovery after 1 day in shoots and roots (fine and coarse) of the dominant heathland plants: the evergreen dwarf shrub Calluna vulgaris and the graminoid Deschampsia flexuosa, in soil...... microorganisms (chloroform fumigation extraction) and in soil water, we discuss the relative importance of free amino acids and ammonium as plant nutrients and microbial substrates in natural N-limited ecosystems with a high proportion of soil N held in tannin-N complexes. ...

Off-season biogenic volatile organic compound emissions from heath mesocosms

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Rinnan, Riikka; Gierth, Diana; Bilde, Merete

2013-01-01

herbivory, mimicked by cutting the plants. Mesocosms from a temperate Deschampsia flexuosa-dominated heath ecosystem and a subarctic mixed heath ecosystem were either left intact, the aboveground vegetation was cut, or all plant parts (including roots) were removed. For 3-5 weeks, BVOC emissions were...... measured in growth chambers by an enclosure method using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. CO2 exchange, soil microbial biomass and soil carbon and nitrogen concentrations were also analyzed. Vegetation cutting increased BVOC emissions by more than 20-fold, and the induced compounds were mainly eight...

In vitro toxic activity of Croton heliotropiifolius Kunth (Euphorbiaceae

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Jéssica de Andrade Gomes Silva

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Often found in some Brazilian biomas as caatinga, brejo, restinga and cerrado, the velame, Croton heliotropiifolius Kunth, is popularly known for its medicinal properties used in stomach ache, gastric reflux, vomiting, bloody diarrhea and to reduce fever. In addition to the pharmacological properties, its essential oil has larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti, as well as the ethanol extract showed significant insecticidal activity against Sitophilus zeamais. This study aimed at evaluating the toxicity of preliminary methanolic extract of Croton heliotropiifolius Kunth on Artemia salina larvae. The bioassay was carried out at concentrations of 50 µg/ml, 100 µg/ml, 250 µg/ml, 500 µg/ml, 750 µg/ml, 1000 µg/ml of methanolic extract of leaves. The extract studied showed a moderate toxicity to Artemia salina, with LC 50 values in the range of 637,29 µg/mL.

História e Cultura Afro-Brasileira e Africana na Educação Básica da Paraíba

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Waldeci Ferreira Chagas

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Neste artigo discute-se sobre o ensino de história e cultura afro-brasileira e africana em escolas públicas da Paraíba. Nele analisam-se as experiências desenvolvidas por trinta docentes que atuam na educação básica e em escolas públicas municipais localizadas em cidades de três mesorregiões da Paraíba: litoral, agreste e brejo. Para a realização da análise, recorreu-se aos projetos desenvolvidos e executados pelos docentes, através dos quais foi discutido o conteúdo, a metodologia, os recursos didáticos e a relação entre a execução desses projetos e a efetivação da educação para as relações étnico-raciais.

Agaricomycetes in low land and montane Atlantic Rain Forest in Northeast Brazil

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Tatiana Gibertoni

2014-10-01

Full Text Available The Atlantic Rain Forest represents a group of extra-amazonic forests, among which the coastal and montane (“brejos de altitude” are the most common in Northeast Brazil. Between 2011 and 2013, 110 field trips were performed in nine reserves in the domain of the Atlantic Rain Forest. Two thousand two hundred sixty three Agaricomycetes were collected and represented 271 species, among which several new species to science, new occurrences to the continent, country, region, biome and States were found. Besides recently collected material, 309 exsiccates of Agaricomycetes deposited in the Herbarium URM were revised and represented 38 species, among which several new occurrences to the region and States. The results indicate the importance of the constant inventories and also of revisions of material deposited in herbaria as tools to improve the knowledge about the Brazilian micota.

Enantiostylous types of Cassiinae species (Fabaceae-Caesalpinioideae).

Science.gov (United States)

Almeida, N M; Cotarelli, V M; Souza, D P; Novo, R R; Siqueira Filho, J A; Oliveira, P E; Castro, C C

2015-05-01

Species of the subtribe Cassiinae present a wide diversity of floral types. Until recently it was considered that this diversity did not extend to their reproductive mechanisms. However, studies have recorded some variations in the enantiostylous pattern in this plant group. This study aims to investigate the morphological and functional variations of enantiostyly in species of the subtribe Cassiinae. Additionally, it proposes the recognition of enantiostylous types (ET) based on pollen deposition and capture mode. Morphological data were collected in fresh and fixed (alcohol 70%) buds and flowers, and also using photos and rehydrated material from herbarium sheets, for a total of 59 species. The parameters used to establish the ETs were pollination type, nature of pollen deposition on the pollinator body, deposition type, number of petals involved in pollen deposition, and pollen pathway. Morpho-functional features allowed the recognition of seven enantiostylous types (Flexuosa, Cana, Macranthera, Martiana, Amiciella, Repens and Ramosa) that present several levels of complexity. The type Ramosa was the most common and the Cana type was the least common. The types Repens, Martiana and Flexuosa do not have reciprocal pollen deposition, thus species with these types may be considered atypical. The groups resulting from similarity analysis partially coincide with the clades proposed in phylogenetic studies of Cassiinae. The recognition of functional ETs is important for understanding the evolution of reproductive strategies of Cassiinae species, and indicates an interesting line of investigation of enantiostyly in other plant groups. © 2014 German Botanical Society and The Royal Botanical Society of the Netherlands.

Amazon peatlands: quantifying ecosytem's stocks, GHG fluxes and their microbial connections

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Cadillo-Quiroz, Hinsby; Lähteenoja, Outi; Buessecker, Steffen; van Haren, Joost

2017-04-01

Reports of hundreds of peatlands across basins in the West and Central Amazon suggest they play an important, previously not considered regional role in organic carbon (OC) and GHG dynamics. Amazon peatlands store ˜3-6 Gt of OC in their waterlogged soils with strong potential for conversion and release of GHG, in fact our recent, and others', efforts have confirmed variable levels of GHG emissions (CO2, N2O, CH4), as well as variable microbial communities across rich to poor soil peatlands. Here, we report early results of quantification of different components making up the aboveground C stocks, the rates and paths for GHG release, and microbial organisms occurring in three ecologically distinct peatland types in the Pastaza-Marañon region of the Peruvian Amazon. Evaluations were done in duplicated continuous monitoring plots established since 2015 at a "palm swamp" (PS), poor "pole forest" (pPF) and a rich "forested" (rF) peatlands. Although overall vegetation "structure" with a few dominant plus several low frequency species was common across the three sites, their botanical composition and tree density was highly contrasting. Aboveground C stocks content showed the following order among sites: rF>PS>pPF, and hence we tested whether this differences can have a direct effect on CH4 emissions rates. CH4 emissions rates from soils were observed in average at 11, 6, and 0.8 mg-C m-2 h-1for rF, PS, and pPF respectively. However, these estimated fluxes needed to be revised when we develop quantifications of CH4 emissions from tree stems. Tree stem fluxes were detected showing a broad variation with nearly nill emissions in some species all the way to maximum fluxes near to ˜90 mg-C m-2 h-1 in other species. Mauritia flexuosa, a highly dominant palm species in PS and ubiquitous to the region, showed the highest ranges of CH4 flux. In the PS site, overall CH4 flux estimate increased by ˜50% when including stem emission weighted by trees' species, density and heights

PHYSICAL AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF Hedychium coronarium RHIZOMES AND STARCH CARACTERIZAÇÃO FÍSICA E FÍSICO-QUÍMICA DE RIZOMAS E AMIDO DO LÍRIO-DO-BREJO (Hedychium coronarium

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Diego Palmiro Ramirez ascheri

2010-05-01

,serif;">O presente trabalho teve por objetivos avaliar a composição de rizomas do lírio-do-bejo (Hedychium coronarium e isolar e caracterizar seu amido, por meio de análises físicas e físico-químicas. A composição química dos grânulos de amido isolados dos rizomas também foi determinada, bem como o formato, tamanho, distribuição de tamanho de partícula por difração a laser, viscosidade de pasta em analisador rápido de viscosidade, poder de inchamento, índice de solubilidade em água, propriedade térmica por calorimetria diferencial de varredura e cristalinidade por difração de raios X. Observou-se que os rizomas apresentaram elevado teor de água e baixos teores de matéria graxa, carboidratos, cinzas, proteínas e fibras. Os rizomas de lírio-do-brejo apresentam-se inadequados para produção de amido, devido ao baixo teor de matéria seca (17,3%, com 21,97% de amido, bem como fibras longas e látex, que dificultam a extração do amido. O amido extraído apresentou pureza de 99,2%, com 37,2% de amilose. Os grânulos de amido apresentaram forma poliédrica irregular e tamanho médio de 38,2 ?m. Constatou-se que a estrutura cristalina dos grânulos de amido é do tipo A, a qual é mantida por intensas forças associativas internas, que reduzem sua solubilidade em água. A temperatura de gelatinização do amido ocorre entre 73,1ºC e 78,7°C. O perfil de viscosidade de pasta do amido mostrou alta estabilidade a 95°C e grande tendência à retrogradação, sendo indicado para uso em indústria de adesivos e alimentos.

Avaliação da atividade tóxica em Artemia salina e Biomphalaria glabrata de extratos de quatro espécies do gênero Eleocharis (Cyperaceae

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A.L.T.G. Ruiz

Full Text Available O gênero Eleocharis R. Br. compreende cerca de 200 espécies, ocorrendo em ambientes úmidos tais como brejos e margens de rios e lagos. Procurando novos agentes moluscicidas, os extratos de Eleocharis acutangula (Roxb. Schult., Eleocharis interstincta (Vahl Roem. & Schult., Eleocharis maculosa (Vahl Roem. & Schult. e Eleocharis sellowiana Kunth foram testados para atividade moluscicida, contra caramujos adultos e desovas, e toxicidade (ensaio de letalidade com Artemia salina. O extrato hexânico de Eleocharis acutangula (parte subterrânea fresca foi ativo contra Artemia salina (CL50 = 476,00 mg/mL, enquanto os demais extratos apresentaram CL50 >> 10³ mg/mL, sugerindo baixa toxicidade. O extrato hidro-etanólico de Eleocharis sellowiana (parte subterrânea fresca foi ativo contra desovas de Biomphalaria glabrata (CL50 = 24,27 mg/mL mas inativo contra indivíduos adultos. Os demais extratos testados não apresentaram atividade moluscicida.

New xenophytes from Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain, with emphasis on naturalized and (potentially invasive species

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Verloove, F.

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Trabajos recientes de campo en Gran Canaria han facilitado el descubrimiento de nuevas localidades para plantas vasculares no nativas. Agave attenuata, Antigonon leptopus, Atriplex nummularia, Cascabela thevetia, Cenchrus echinatus, Cuscuta campestris, Diplachne fusca subsp. uninervia, Diplotaxis tenuifolia, Dysphania anthelmintica (hasta ahora confundida con D. ambrosioides, Eclipta prostrata, Euphorbia pulcherrima, Fagopyrum esculentum, Gossypium barbadense, Lablab purpureus, Lemna minuta, Opuntia leucotricha, Passiflora edulis, Pennisetum glaucum, Phaseolus acutifolius, Pluchea carolinensis, Prosopis juliflora, Salvia microphylla, Schinus terebinthifolius, Senna spectabilis, Solanum chrysotrichum, Tecoma stans, Tipuana tipu, Urochloa mutica, U. plantaginea y Washingtonia se citan por primera vez para las Islas Canarias, mientras que Alopecurus myosuroides, Amaranthus blitoides, Bothriochloa ischaemum var. songarica, Cardamine flexuosa subsp. debilis, Heliotropium curassavicum, Leonotis nepetifolia, Medicago lupulina, Parkinsonia aculeata, Physalis peruviana, Phytolacca americana y Turnera ulmifolia son nuevas para la flora de la isla de Gran Canaria. Finalmente, se confirma la presencia de Paspalum vaginatum, P. distichum y Cortaderia selloana en Gran Canaria.Trabajos recientes de campo en Gran Canaria han facilitado el descubrimiento de nuevas localidades para plantas vasculares no nativas. Agave attenuata, Antigonon leptopus, Atriplex nummularia, Cascabela thevetia, Cenchrus echinatus, Cuscuta campestris, Diplachne fusca subsp. uninervia, Diplotaxis tenuifolia, Dysphania anthelmintica (hasta ahora confundida con D. ambrosioides, Eclipta prostrata, Euphorbia pulcherrima, Fagopyrum esculentum, Gossypium barbadense, Lablab purpureus, Lemna minuta, Opuntia leucotricha, Passiflora edulis, Pennisetum glaucum, Phaseolus acutifolius, Pluchea carolinensis, Prosopis juliflora, Salvia microphylla, Schinus terebinthifolius, Senna spectabilis, Solanum

On the possibility of autochthonous Chagas disease in Roraima, Amazon region, Brazil, 2000-2001 Sobre a possibilidade da ocorrência de doença de Chagas autóctone em Roraima, Amazônia brasileira, 2000-2001

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José Francisco Luitgards-Moura

2005-02-01

coletas de triatomíneos e estudos de sua biologia (a ser mostrado em outro artigo, sorologia (imunofluorescência, hemaglutinação, ELISA e pesquisa parasitológica (xenodiagnóstico, PCR entre moradores de Rorainópolis, do Projeto Passarão e da Comunidade da Ilha. Candidatos a doação sanguínea do Hemocentro de Boa Vista também foram avaliados. Foram coletados Triatoma maculata, Rhodnius pictipes, Rhodnius robustus e Panstrongylus geniculatus em palmeiras-buriti Mauritia flexuosa, em anexos peridomiciliares e em domicílios. Nenhum triatomíneo foi encontrado naturalmente infectado. A presença de anticorpos anti-Trypanosoma cruzi foi verificada em 25 indivíduos (1,4% de um total de 1821, 20 dos quais migrantes, todos adultos >15 anos. Apenas dois indivíduos migrantes tiveram mais de dois exames sorológicos positivos (um ainda com xenodiagnóstico positivo e o outro com PCR positivo, estando seguramente infectados. Os resultados mostram que apesar de não ser endêmica, há a presença de todos os elos da cadeia de transmissão da doença de Chagas em Roraima que permitem a sua instalação na ausência de vigilância.

Epidemiologia das doenças da parte aérea da mandioca no Município de Alagoa Nova, Paraíba

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Martival dos Santos Morais

2014-09-01

Full Text Available A mandioca é utilizada na alimentação humana, animal e na indústria. No Estado da Paraíba, é explorada comercialmente no Litoral, na microrregião do Brejo Paraibano e como cultura de subsistência no interior. Tendo em vista a ausência de estudos epidemiológicos da cultura no Estado, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o progresso da severidade e da incidência da mancha parda (Cercosporidium henningsii, mancha branca (Phaeoramularia manihotis e antracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides em condições de infecção natural em campo ao longo de um ano, no Sítio Geraldo, situado no município de Alagoa Nova-PB, Brejo paraibano. Os dados para os estudos epidemiológicos foram registrados no 18º dia de cada mês, no período de setembro de 2012 a agosto de 2013. Para avaliar a incidência, calculou-se a porcentagem de plantas apresentando sintomas. A severidade foi quantificada a partir das observações das lesões nos tecidos foliares com o emprego de escala diagramática, escala descritiva e índice de Índice de Mackinney. Os dados da curva de progresso foram submetidos à análise de correlação de Pearson em relação aos dados meteorológicos mensais. Calculou-se também a área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD. Dentre as plantas selecionadas 95%, 17% e 8,5% apresentaram os sintomas de mancha parda, mancha branca e antracnose, respectivamente. As lesões destas doenças foram observadas na ordem de 13,3%; 4,7% e 3,3% de extensão nos tecidos aéreos. Os valores de incidência e severidade das três doenças aumentaram gradativamente no decorrer do período de avaliação, atingindo o resultado final de 61,02; 32,45 e 15,28 para AACPD. As taxas de progresso da severidade mensais mais elevadas foram de 0,441 para mancha parda em setembro, 0,197 para mancha branca e 0,192 para antracnose, em novembro e dezembro. Houve correlação positiva entre o índice pluviométrico e o progresso das doenças e negativa em rela

The neuro-muscular system in continuously swimming cercariae from Belarus. I Xiphidiocercariae.

Science.gov (United States)

Tolstenkov, Oleg O; Akimova, Ludmila N; Terenina, Nadezhda B; Gustafsson, Margaretha K S

2012-11-01

The neuromuscular system (NMS) in cercariae of Neoastiotrema trituri, Plagiorchis elegans, Omphalometra flexuosa, Skrjabinoeces similis and Prosthogonimus ovatus was studied with immunocytochemical methods and confocal scanning laser microscopy. The patterns of F-actin in the musculature, 5-HT immunoreactive (IR), FMRFamide-IR neuronal elements and α-tubulin-IR sensory receptors were investigated, and they were found to be rather similar in all the cercariae studied. Four species have seven paired 5-HT-IR neurons in the body, and P. elegans has eight. N. trituri has three 5-HT-IR neurons in each brain ganglion, while the other species have four. A high degree of conformity in the structure of the NMS was observed, probably reflecting the close phylogenetic relationship and the similar strategy of host finding.

Are sugarcane leaf-detritus well colonized by aquatic macroinvertebrates?

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Luciene Aparecida Leite-Rossi

Full Text Available AIM: The aim was to compare the kinetics of decomposition and the colonization of leaf litter of two plant species, the native Talauma ovata (pinha-do-brejo and the exotic Saccharum officinarum (sugarcane, by aquatic macroinvertebrates; METHODS: From each substrate, three recipients of colonization were taken from a stream, and the specimens identified to the lowest taxonomic level on days 7, 15, 34, 44, 61 and 75. The debris was weighed at the beginning and end of the experiment and determined their cell wall fractions; RESULTS: The coefficients of mineralization indicated higher velocity decay of organic matter refractory in T. ovata. There was no difference in taxonomic structure of macroinvertebrates, between the two substrates, but the community exhibited distinct functional feeding groups in the peak of colonization, with a greater number of shredders in T. ovata. The successive states of decomposition of the two plant detritus showed distinct macroinvertebrate densities; CONCLUSIONS: The amount and state of the plant biomass were important factors influencing the density and diversity of the macroinvertebrate fauna throughout the process of organic decomposition.

Brazilian underutilised species to promote dietary diversity, local food procurement, and biodiversity conservation: a food composition gap analysis

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Daniela Moura de Oliveira Beltrame, PhD

2018-05-01

. Food composition analysis is being done for data that was missing or incomplete. Data is being made available on a food composition and recipes database developed with the Information System on Brazilian Biodiversity. Findings: From May, 2014, to March, 2016, the nine partner universities in Brazil compiled existing food composition data for 59 of the 70 selected indigenous Brazilian fruit and vegetable species for which data were available. Food composition analysis is being done for missing or incomplete data (especially for vitamins, minerals, and dietary fibre for all 70 species and will be finalised in 2018. Results thus far show that many of the studied species are high in vitamins, such as the high concentrations of vitamin A encountered in the pulp of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes; 317 μg retinol activity equivalent [RAE] per 100 g, tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum; 808 μg RAE per 100 g and buriti (Mauritia flexuosa; 1204 μg RAE per 100 g. High vitamin C concentrations were found in the pulp of camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia; 1620 mg/100 g, guabiroba (Campomanesia xanthocarpa; 428 mg/100 g and mangaba (Hancornia speciosa; 209 mg/100 g. Protein concentrations were high in seeds of chicha (Sterculia striata; 19 g/100 g, pequi (Caryocar brasiliense; 29 g/100 g and baru (Dipteryx alata; 29 mg/100 g. Interpretation: The data is being used as an advocacy tool for promoting native species in public initiatives including policy incentives for improving their production and market chains. By working through regional partners, capacities were developed in different regions, directly engaging more than 100 students and professors. These groups act as multipliers, building additional human capacity and operating as opinion leaders and policy advisors, including the provision of research and technical backstopping for municipal managers, school managers, nutritionists, and cooks responsible for implementing the National School Feeding Programme, thus the partnership is likely

Changing heathlands in a changing climate

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ransijn, Johannes

Atmospheric CO2 concentrations and temperatures are rising and precipitation regimes are changing at global scale. How ecosystem will be affected by global climatic change is dependent on the responses of plants and plant communities. This thesis focuses on how climate change affects heathland...... plant communities. Many heathlands have shifted from dwarf shrub dominance to grass dominance and climatic change might affect the competitive balance between dwarf shrubs and grasses. We looked at heathland vegetation dynamics and heathland plant responses to climatic change at different spatial...... between C. vulgaris and D. flexuosa in the same climate change experiment and 5) a study where we compared the responses of shrubland plant communities to experimental warming and recurrent experimental droughts in seven climate change experiments across Europe. Heathland vegetation dynamics are slow...

Fluxo de calor sensível em cultivo de feijão-caupi Sensible heat flux in cowpea

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José R. de S Lima

2011-10-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho objetivou comparar o fluxo de calor sensível obtido pelo método do balanço de energia-razão de Bowen (H_B e pelo método aerodinâmico (H_A, em uma área de 4 ha cultivada com feijão-caupi em Areia-PB (6º 58' 12" S e 35º 42' 15" O, 620 m. Foram coletados dados de saldo de radiação, fluxo de calor no solo, temperatura e umidade do solo, temperatura e umidade relativa do ar, velocidade do vento e precipitação pluvial, os quais eram lidos a cada minuto, e armazenados, em uma central de aquisição de dados, como médias a cada 30 min, com exceção da pluviometria, cujo valor foi totalizado no período. Obteve-se excelente concordância entre H_A e H_B, com um índice "d " de 0,980, um erro padrão (EP de 14,88 W m-2, e sem diferença significativa entre H_A e H_B, pelo teste t-Student. Deste modo, o método aerodinâmico pode ser usado em conjunto com medidas de saldo de radiação e de fluxo de calor no solo, para se estimar o fluxo de calor latente e, consequentemente, a evapotranspiração da cultura do feijão-caupi, para as condições edafoclimáticas do Brejo Paraibano.A study was performed to compare the bulk aerodynamic (H_A and Bowen ratio energy balance (H_B methods in the estimation of the sensible heat flux in a cowpea crop. Data of net radiation, soil heat flux, soil water content, soil temperature, air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and rainfall were collected on 30-min time intervals in an area of 4 ha belonging to the municipality of Areia, PB (6º 58' 12" S e 35º 42' 15" W, 620 m. Results showed that there was a good agreement between H_A and H_B with an index "d" of 0.98 and standard error of estimate (SEE of 14.88 W m-2, no significant difference between H_A H_B, by the t-Student test. Thus, the bulk aerodynamic method can be used in conjunction with measurements of net radiation and soil heat flux to estimate the evapotranspiration of the cowpea under soil and climatic condition of

Are sugarcane leaf-detritus well colonized by aquatic macroinvertebrates? Detritos foliares de cana-de-açúcar são bem colonizados por macroinvertebrados aquáticos?

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Luciene Aparecida Leite-Rossi

2012-01-01

Full Text Available AIM: The aim was to compare the kinetics of decomposition and the colonization of leaf litter of two plant species, the native Talauma ovata (pinha-do-brejo and the exotic Saccharum officinarum (sugarcane, by aquatic macroinvertebrates; METHODS: From each substrate, three recipients of colonization were taken from a stream, and the specimens identified to the lowest taxonomic level on days 7, 15, 34, 44, 61 and 75. The debris was weighed at the beginning and end of the experiment and determined their cell wall fractions; RESULTS: The coefficients of mineralization indicated higher velocity decay of organic matter refractory in T. ovata. There was no difference in taxonomic structure of macroinvertebrates, between the two substrates, but the community exhibited distinct functional feeding groups in the peak of colonization, with a greater number of shredders in T. ovata. The successive states of decomposition of the two plant detritus showed distinct macroinvertebrate densities; CONCLUSIONS: The amount and state of the plant biomass were important factors influencing the density and diversity of the macroinvertebrate fauna throughout the process of organic decomposition.OBJETIVO: O principal objetivo foi comparar a cinética de decomposição e a colonização de detritos de duas espécies de plantas: a nativa Talauma ovata (pinha-do-brejo e a exótica Saccharum officinarum (cana-de-açúcar por macroinvertebrados; MÉTODOS: Para cada substrato, três recipientes de colonização foram retirados de um riacho e os espécimes identificados até o menor nível taxonômico nos dias 7, 15, 34, 44, 61 e 75. Os detritos foram pesados no início e ao final do experimento e determinadas suas frações de parede celular; RESULTADOS: Os coeficientes de mineralização indicaram maior velocidade de decaimento da matéria orgânica refratária nos detritos de T. ovata. Os dois substratos não apresentaram diferenças na estrutura taxonômica da comunidade

Are sugarcane leaf-detritus well colonized by aquatic macroinvertebrates? Detritos foliares de cana-de-açúcar são bem colonizados por macroinvertebrados aquáticos?

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Luciene Aparecida Leite-Rossi

2012-09-01

Full Text Available AIM: The aim was to compare the kinetics of decomposition and the colonization of leaf litter of two plant species, the native Talauma ovata (pinha-do-brejo and the exotic Saccharum officinarum (sugarcane, by aquatic macroinvertebrates; METHODS: From each substrate, three recipients of colonization were taken from a stream, and the specimens identified to the lowest taxonomic level on days 7, 15, 34, 44, 61 and 75. The debris was weighed at the beginning and end of the experiment and determined their cell wall fractions; RESULTS: The coefficients of mineralization indicated higher velocity decay of organic matter refractory in T. ovata. There was no difference in taxonomic structure of macroinvertebrates, between the two substrates, but the community exhibited distinct functional feeding groups in the peak of colonization, with a greater number of shredders in T. ovata. The successive states of decomposition of the two plant detritus showed distinct macroinvertebrate densities; CONCLUSIONS: The amount and state of the plant biomass were important factors influencing the density and diversity of the macroinvertebrate fauna throughout the process of organic decomposition.OBJETIVO: O principal objetivo foi comparar a cinética de decomposição e a colonização de detritos de duas espécies de plantas: a nativa Talauma ovata (pinha-do-brejo e a exótica Saccharum officinarum (cana-de-açúcar por macroinvertebrados; MÉTODOS: Para cada substrato, três recipientes de colonização foram retirados de um riacho e os espécimes identificados até o menor nível taxonômico nos dias 7, 15, 34, 44, 61 e 75. Os detritos foram pesados no início e ao final do experimento e determinadas suas frações de parede celular; RESULTADOS: Os coeficientes de mineralização indicaram maior velocidade de decaimento da matéria orgânica refratária nos detritos de T. ovata. Os dois substratos não apresentaram diferenças na estrutura taxonômica da comunidade

Characterization of functional SSR markers in Prosopis alba and their transferability across Prosopis species

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María F. Pomponio

2015-08-01

Full Text Available Aim of study: The aim of the study was to characterize functional microsatellite markers in Prosopis alba and examine the transferability to species from the Prosopis genus. Area of the study: samples were obtained from natural populations of Argentina. Material and Methods: Eleven SSR functional markers related to stress and metabolism were amplified in a sample of 152 genotypes from P.alba, P. denudans, P. hassleriP. chilensis, P. flexuosa, and interspecific hybrids. Main results: In P. alba, the PIC average value was 0.36; and 6 out of the 11 primers showed high values of polymorphism ranging from 0.40 to 0.71. The cross-species transferability was high with high percentages of polymorphic loci. Research highlights: The SSR markers developed in P.alba were easily transferred to other Prosopis species which did not have functional markers.

Defoliation reduces soil biota - and modifies stimulating effects of elevated CO₂

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Dam, Marie; Christensen, Søren

2015-01-01

defoliation increased activity and biomass of soil biota and more so at elevated CO2. Based on soil biota responses, plants defoliated in active growth therefore conserve resources, whereas defoliation after termination of growth results in release of resources. This result challenges the idea that plants via...... was needed to reduce nematodes. We found positive effects of CO2 on root density and microbial biomass. Defoliation affected soil biota negatively, whereas elevated CO2 stimulated the plant-soil system. This effect seen in June is contrasted by the effects seen in September at the same site. Late season...... assessed in the rhizosphere of manually defoliated patches of Deschampsia flexuosa in June in a full-factorial FACE experiment with the treatments: increased atmospheric CO2, increased nighttime temperatures, summer droughts, and all of their combinations. We found a negative effect of defoliation...

Temperate heath plant response to dry conditions depends on growth strategy and less on physiology

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Albert, Kristian Rost; Kongstad, J.; Schmidt, I. K.

2012-01-01

of these differences in response in dry versus rewetting conditions can be used to highlight the limitations coherent in different strategies adopted by, for example, evergreen shrubs and grasses. We investigated the leaf-level photosynthetic performance, leaf C, N and d13C along with vegetation cover and biomass...... in the evergreen dwarf shrub Calluna vulgaris and the grass species Deschampsia flexuosa in a temperate heath during seasonal changes in soil moisture. Higher photosynthetic capacity compensated for lower stomatal conductance and sustained higher rates of photosynthesis in the grass compared to the dwarf shrub....... In combination with dieback of aboveground biomass and reduction of stomatal conductance reduction during dry conditions, the grass continued to have high carbon uptake in the remaining leaves. The dwarf shrub endured the dry conditions by preserving shoot biomass and reducing stomatal conductance. Soil...

Changes in the onset of spring growth in shrubland species in response to experimental warming along a north-south gradient in Europe

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Prieto, Patricia; Penuelas, Josep; Niinemets, Üelo

2009-01-01

Species responsive to increased temperatures were Vaccinium myrtillus and Empetrum nigrum in Wales, Deschampsia flexuosa in Denmark, Calluna vulgaris in Netherlands, Populus alba in Hungary and Erica multiflora in Spain. Although the acceleration of spring growth was the commonest response to warming...... gradient with average annual temperatures (8.2–15.6 °C) and precipitation (511–1427 mm). Methods 'Bud break' was monitored in eight shrub and grass species in six European sites under control and experimentally warmer conditions generated by automatic roofs covering vegetation during the night. Results...... treatments, the responses at each site were species specific and year dependent. Under experimental warming 25% of cases exhibited a significantly earlier onset of the growing season and 10% had a significantly delayed onset of vegetative growth. No geographical gradient was detected in the experimental...

CADEIA PRODUTIVA DA CACHAÇA TRIUNFO: UM ESTUDO DE CASO PRODUCTIVE CHAIN OF TRIUNFO RUM: THE STUDY OF CASE

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Wellington Ferreira de Ferreira Melo

2012-10-01

Full Text Available The cultivation of sugar cane in Brazil has great economic and social importance; it produced several byproducts of a great importance stimulating jobs directly and indirectly. The alcohol sector is the main Brazilian agribusiness, with great diversity of products from sugar cane, among them the brown sugar, molasses and brandy. In recent years, the production of rum has established itself as an important product of agribusiness. Located in the rural area of Areia in the microregion of the Brejo, Triunfo began operations for nineteen years producing rum only for consumption by family and close friends. This study was based, lectured and discussed on the basis of expert authors in Brazilian agribusiness sector, the productive chain of Triunfo rum, brandy produced and bottled by Ingenio Triunfo, the city of Areia, Paraíba State. To this end, field study was conducted and analyzed segments of the agribusiness system, namely: first, within and after the gate. However, it is clear that Triunfo rum combines all the features of a successful venture, but has established brand in Paraíba and market share achieved in six regions of the state, or cannot meet demand.

Análisis trófico de tres especies de Marilia (Tri-choptera: Odontoceridae del neotrópico

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María Celina Reynaga

2014-08-01

Full Text Available La ecología trófica de insectos acuáticos ha sido desarrollada en zonas templadas. Sin embargo, la asignación de un taxón a un grupo trófico no representa necesariamente el mismo en otras regiones. En la Región Neotropical, el conocimiento sobre la ecología trófica de larvas de tricópteros es incompleta y la literatura sobre este tema rara vez se ocupa del análisis de los hábitos alimentarios de larvas con datos cuantitativos a nivel de especie. Este trabajo aporta al conocimiento de las características tróficas de la trichopterofauna del Neotrópico. Se describen los hábitos alimentarios de tres especies de Trichoptera registrados en arroyos de Yungas de Argentina y Bolivia: Marilia cinerea, M. elongata y M. flexuosa. Se seleccionaron 15 larvas de cada especie en 13 arroyos de Yungas surandinas para analizar las piezas bucales y el contenido estomacal. El solapamiento de nicho trófico se estimó mediante el índice de Schoener. El análisis de la dieta reveló que las especies difieren en la preferencia de los ítems registrados, hábitat y forma de sus mandíbulas. Las larvas de M. cinerea habitan en superficies de rocas emergentes. Poseen mandíbulas fuertes con grandes zonas molares y consumen principalmente invertebrados. Esta evidencia permite asignarle el grupo funcional depredador. M. elongata consume material fino, sus mandíbulas tienen forma de cuchara y su ubicación en zonas de bajo flujo permite asignarle una estrategia colectora-recolectora. Las larvas de M. flexuosa habitan en fondos arenosos de arroyos de montaña, tienen fuertes piezas bucales en forma de cuchara y una dieta dominada por hojarasca y material fino. Pertenecen al grupo funcional triturador, secundariamente colector-recolector. Sugerimos que la asignación de grupo funcional a nivel de género no es recomendable para Marilia. Se recomiendan mayores estudios a nivel de especie.

EFICIÊNCIA DE ESPÉCIES VEGETAIS NA PURIFICAÇÃO DE ESGOTO SANITÁRIO VEGETAL SPECIES EFFICIENCY ON WASTEWATER TREATMENT

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Luiz Fernando Coutinho Oliveira

2007-09-01

Full Text Available

O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a eficiência de substratos e de espécies vegetais no tratamento de esgoto sanitário, num sistema do tipo zona de raízes com fluxo subsuperficial descendente, após decantação. O experimento foi conduzido no campus Samambaia, da Universidade Federal de Goiás, em Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil. As espécies avaliadas foram taboa (Typha angustifolia L., lírio do brejo (Hedychium coronarium J. König, conta-de-lágrima (Coix lacryma-jobi L. e capim Angola (Urochloa mutica (Forssk. T.Q. Nguyen. O sistema mostrou-se eficiente na remoção de poluentes do esgoto, atendendo aos padrões estabelecidos pela legislação brasileira vigente, exceto para o nitrogênio amoniacal. A taboa e o lírio-do-brejo mostraram-se mais eficientes na redução da DBO, na oxigenação do substrato, na remoção do nitrogênio amoniacal e na remoção de coliformes. A taboa foi mais eficiente na remoção de fosfatos. A eficiência na remoção de coliformes atingiu níveis próximos à totalidade. Dentre os substratos avaliados, a casca de coco foi o menos eficiente na redução da DBO e da DQO e na remoção do nitrogênio amoniacal e dos coliformes.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Tratamento de esgotos; alagados.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of substrates and vegetal species to treat sanitary wastewater, in a subsurface downward flow root zone system, after previous decantation. The experiment was carried out at Samambaia Campus, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás State, Brazil. The vegetal species were narrow-leaf cattail (Typha angustifolia L., white ginger (Hedychium coronarium J. König, Job's tears (Coix lacryma-jobi L., and para grass (Urochloa mutica (Forssk. T.Q. Nguyen. The system revealed to be efficient on wastewater

New microsatellite loci for Prosopis alba and P. chilensis (Fabaceae).

Science.gov (United States)

Bessega, Cecilia F; Pometti, Carolina L; Miller, Joe T; Watts, Richard; Saidman, Beatriz O; Vilardi, Juan C

2013-05-01

As only six useful microsatellite loci that exhibit broad cross-amplification are so far available for Prosopis species, it is necessary to develop a larger number of codominant markers for population genetic studies. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers obtained for Prosopis species from a 454 pyrosequencing run were optimized and characterized for studies in P. alba and P. chilensis. • Twelve markers that were successfully amplified showed polymorphism in P. alba and P. chilensis. The number of alleles per locus ranged between two and seven and heterozygosity estimates ranged from 0.2 to 0.8. Most of these loci cross-amplify in P. ruscifolia, P. flexuosa, P. kuntzei, P. glandulosa, and P. pallida. • These loci will enable genetic diversity studies of P. alba and P. chilensis and contribute to fine-scale population structure, indirect estimation of relatedness among individuals, and marker-assisted selection.

Glycine uptake in heath plants and soil microbes responds to elevated temperature, CO2 and drought

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Andresen, Luise C.; Michelsen, Anders; Jonasson, Sven

2009-01-01

the responses to single factors treatments. The soil microbes were superior to plants in the short-term competition for the added glycine, as indicated by an 18 times larger 15N recovery in the microbial biomass compared to the plant biomass. The soil microbes acquired glycine largely as an intact compound (87...... here present results from a field experiment in which the effects of these three climate change factors are investigated solely and in all combinations at a temperate heath dominated by heather (Calluna vulgaris) and wavy hair-grass (Deschampsia flexuosa). Climate induced increases in plant production...... may increase plant root exudation of dissolved organic compounds such as amino acids, and the release of amino acids during decomposition of organic matter. Such free amino acids in soil serve as substrates for soil microorganisms and are also acquired as nutrients directly by plants. We investigated...

Zinc fertilization in cowpea cultivars

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Francisco de Brito Melo

Full Text Available ABSTRACT Zinc (Zn is an essential micronutrient for plants, due to its role as a functional, structural, or regulatory cofactor in a large number of enzymes. The element is necessary for the synthesis of tryptophan, which is a precursor of indoleacetic acid. The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavior of two cowpea cultivars fertilized with four doses of Zn (0.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 6.0 kg of Zn ha-1 regarding dry grain yield (PGS, in addition to quantifying leaf and grain Zn content and grain crude protein. The experiment was conducted in the town of Brejo, in the state of Maranhão, Brazil. A 4 x 2 factorial scheme was used with four replications. Response functions were adjusted by calculating the Zn doses which provided a maximum technical efficiency for each genotype. The tested cultivars of cowpea showed no great difference regarding Zn demand applied to the soil, ranging from 3.2 to 3.4 kg of Zn ha-1 for BRS Tumucumaque and BRS Guariba, respectively. Concerning Zn use efficiency, BRS Guariba was more responsive than was BRS Tumucumaque, i.e. the same dose of Zn produced 70 kg grain and 2.1 kg crude protein per hectare.

New microsatellite loci for Prosopis alba and P. chilensis (Fabaceae)1

Science.gov (United States)

Bessega, Cecilia F.; Pometti, Carolina L.; Miller, Joe T.; Watts, Richard; Saidman, Beatriz O.; Vilardi, Juan C.

2013-01-01

• Premise of the study: As only six useful microsatellite loci that exhibit broad cross-amplification are so far available for Prosopis species, it is necessary to develop a larger number of codominant markers for population genetic studies. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers obtained for Prosopis species from a 454 pyrosequencing run were optimized and characterized for studies in P. alba and P. chilensis. • Methods and Results: Twelve markers that were successfully amplified showed polymorphism in P. alba and P. chilensis. The number of alleles per locus ranged between two and seven and heterozygosity estimates ranged from 0.2 to 0.8. Most of these loci cross-amplify in P. ruscifolia, P. flexuosa, P. kuntzei, P. glandulosa, and P. pallida. • Conclusions: These loci will enable genetic diversity studies of P. alba and P. chilensis and contribute to fine-scale population structure, indirect estimation of relatedness among individuals, and marker-assisted selection. PMID:25202541

New Microsatellite Loci for Prosopis alba and P. chilensis (Fabaceae

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Cecilia F. Bessega

2013-05-01

Full Text Available Premise of the study: As only six useful microsatellite loci that exhibit broad cross-amplification are so far available for Prosopis species, it is necessary to develop a larger number of codominant markers for population genetic studies. Simple sequence repeat (SSR markers obtained for Prosopis species from a 454 pyrosequencing run were optimized and characterized for studies in P. alba and P. chilensis. Methods and Results: Twelve markers that were successfully amplified showed polymorphism in P. alba and P. chilensis. The number of alleles per locus ranged between two and seven and heterozygosity estimates ranged from 0.2 to 0.8. Most of these loci cross-amplify in P. ruscifolia, P. flexuosa, P. kuntzei, P. glandulosa, and P. pallida. Conclusions: These loci will enable genetic diversity studies of P. alba and P. chilensis and contribute to fine-scale population structure, indirect estimation of relatedness among individuals, and marker-assisted selection.

Isolation of Pseudobutyrivibrio ruminis and Pseudobutyrivibrio xylanivorans from rumen of Creole goats fed native forage diet.

Science.gov (United States)

Grilli, D J; Cerón, M E; Paez, S; Egea, V; Schnittger, L; Cravero, S; Escudero, M Sosa; Allegretti, L; Arenas, G N

2013-09-01

We isolated and identified functional groups of bacteria in the rumen of Creole goats involved in ruminal fermentation of native forage shrubs. The functional bacterial groups were evaluated by comparing the total viable, total anaerobic, cellulolytic, hemicellulolytic, and amylolytic bacterial counts in the samples taken from fistulated goats fed native forage diet (Atriplex lampa and Prosopis flexuosa). Alfalfa hay and corn were used as control diet. The roll tubes method increased the possibility of isolating and 16S rDNA gene sequencing allowed definitive identification of bacterial species involved in the ruminal fermentation. The starch and fiber contents of the diets influenced the number of total anaerobic bacteria and fibrolytic and amylolytic functional groups. Pseudobutyrivibrio ruminis and Pseudobutyrivibrio xylanivorans were the main species isolated and identified. The identification of bacterial strains involved in the rumen fermentation helps to explain the ability of these animals to digest fiber plant cell wall contained in native forage species.

Estruturas secretoras de mucilagem em Hibiscus pernambucensis Arruda (Malvaceae: distribuição, caracterização morfoanatômica e histoquímica Mucilage-secreting structures of Hibiscus pernambucensis Arruda (Malvaceae: distribution, morphoanatomical and histochemical characterization

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Joecildo Francisco Rocha

2011-12-01

Full Text Available No presente trabalho foram estudadas as estruturas secretoras de mucilagem de Hibiscus pernambucensis aos microscópios de luz e de varredura. Conhecida como guaxima-do-mangue e algodão-do-brejo, é espécie nativa encontrada no litoral brasileiro, vegetando áreas de manguezal e restinga, tendo grande importância ecológica nestes ecossistemas. É importante produtora de fibras têxteis e celulose, fornece abundante mucilagem suscetível das mesmas aplicações medicinais de outras malváceas, além da presença de tanino. Coléteres, glândulas peroladas, tricomas secretores longo-pedunculados, canais, cavidades e idioblastos foram observados. Os coléteres ocorrem no ápice caulinar, estípulas, primórdios foliares, folhas, sépalas e pétalas jovens. As glândulas peroladas são encontradas nas superfícies adaxial e abaxial dos primórdios foliares. Os canais e as cavidades encontram-se distribuídos nos eixos vegetativo aéreo e reprodutivo. Os idioblastos ocorrem nas raízes, em estágios primários e secundários de desenvolvimento e no mesofilo foliar. A secreção presente nas diferentes estruturas secretoras é constituída predominantemente por polissacarídeos ácidos e neutros, podendo ocorrer proteínas, lipídeos e substâncias fenólicas. A presença de mucilagem, tanto na superfície como no interior dos órgãos, em diferentes fases do ciclo vegetativo e reprodutivo, representa um importante mecanismo adaptativo e de sobrevivência da espécie aos ambientes de restinga e mangue.This work studied the mucilage-secreting structures of Hibiscus pernambucensis using light and scanning electron microscopy. Known as guaxima-do-mangue, algodão-do-brejo and embira-do-mangue, this species is a native shrub that occurs in mangrove and restinga along the Brazilian coast, and is important in the production of textile fibers and cellulose, provides abundant mucilage that is used medicinally like other Malvaceae species, and has tannins

Effect of temperature, salinity and biofilm on the zoospores settlement of Enteromorpha flexuosa (Wulfen) J.Agardh

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Imchen, T.

by permanent adhesion through rapid secretion and curing of an N-linked, self-aggregating glycoprotein that anchors the spore to the substratum surface4. A variety of factors influence settlement of zoospores (biological4; topography of surface5-6; charge...

Efficacy of insecticides against army worm (spodoptera mauritia) on mung bean (vigna radiata l.) under arid climate

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Abbas, G.; Aslam, M.; Khokhar, M.B.; Khattak, J.Z.K.; Malik, A.U.

2011-01-01

Influence of Bifenthrine (Talstar) at the rate 375 ml ha/sup -1/, Deltaphos 10+350 EC at the rate 500 ml ha/sup -1/, Lorsban 40 EC at the rate 850 ml ha/sup -1/, Triazofos (20/400 EC) at the rate 750 ml ha/sup -1/and Karate 5 EC at the rate 1250 ml ha/sup -1/ was studied on mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) yield under arid climate at Adaptive Research Farm, Karor during two kharif seasons of 2007 and 2008. Experiments were laid out in randomized complete block design with six a test variety. All the chemicals showed significant impact on mung crop as compared to that in control treatments. AZRI- 2006, a promising variety of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) for arid climate was used as plots, but the treatment of Deltaphos 10+350 EC at the rate 350 ml ha/sup -1/consistently proved better than other treatments. (author)

Biologia floral de Hedychium coronarium Koen. (Zingiberaceae.

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Joédia Argollo de Souza

2007-06-01

Full Text Available No presente trabalho foi estudada a biologia floral de Hedychium coronarium Koen., que ocorre em localidades de brejos e na beira de estradas, na cidade de Teresópolis (RJ, no período compreendido entre novembro de 2003 a julho de 2004. A floração segue o padrão anual assincrônico em nível populacional e ocorre nos meses de janeiro a abril, sendo a frutificação de março a maio. As flores são brancas, zigomorfas, hermafroditas nectaríferas, têm antese noturna e emitem um forte odor perceptível à longa distância. Os estaminódios constituem a “unidade de atração” para os visitantes florais. O androceu é composto de um único estame fértil e os grãos de pólen têm “pollenkitt”. O estigma é verde, úmido, côncavo e com pêlos uniformes ao seu redor. A espécie é auto-incompatível, com índices baixos de formação de frutos sob condições naturais. As flores de H. coronarium são importantes fontes de recursos para a fauna da região, oferecendo néctar e pólen como recompensa.

Einstein and relativity takes the stage: dialogue on the theater in school and a creative Physics education

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Letícia Maria Oliveira

2016-12-01

Full Text Available In this work, a creative way to teach Physics to the students in Regular Education is suggested, by presenting the following aspects: how it happened, outcomes, and the way to present it to the readers. The theater was chosen, considering that scientific knowledge can be represented beyond its rigidity, at the same time that art provokes reflections in the actor and in the spectator. A group of scientific theater was created in a school in Brejo Santo, Ceará, and besides staging, a website was elaborated. The characters "Traditional Teaching" and "New Physics" are the protagonists of the story and they will show us in their dialogues, how difficult it is, however possible, to show possibilities of Physics teaching through an entertaining approach in regular schools. Among the results, positive changes were noticed in the group, as the student's posture in classroom, besides receptivity and respect among the friends and with the teacher. Besides, they began to see Physics in another way, becoming more motivated to learn this science. In that sense, considering the current brazilian education, the objective of this work focuses on the teacher's need to act in a differentiated way, through strategies and new methodologies. Therefore, the theatrical practice, more specifically, the scientific theater, can be a tool of great didactic potential in teachers’ practice, contributing for teaching process and learning of Physics.

[Peculiarities of the phospholipid and fatty acid composition of erythrocyte plasma membranes of the Black Sea fish].

Science.gov (United States)

Silkin, Iu A; Silkina, E N; Zabelinskiĭ, S A

2012-01-01

The phospholipid and the fatty acid composition of the main phospholipids families of erythrocyte plasma membranes was studied in two species of cartilaginous fish: the common thrasher (Raja clavata L.) and the common stingray (Dasyatis pastinaca) and three bony fish species: the scorpion fish (Scorpaena porcus L.), the smarida (Spicara flexuosa Raf.), and the horse mackerel (Trachurus mediterraneus ponticus Aleev). It was shown that in the studied fish, 70.0-80.0 % of all membrane phospholipids were composed of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. Phosphatidylserine, monophosphoinositide, and sphingomyelin were minor components whose content in the erythrocyte membrane fluctuated from 3.0 % to 13.0 %. The fatty acid phospholipids composition was represented by a large specter of acids. From saturated acids, basic for plasma membranes are palmitic (C16: 0) and stearic (C18: 0) acids. From unsaturated acids, the larger part belong to mono-, tetra-, penta-, and hexaenoic acids in fish phospholipids. The calculation of the double bond index and of the unsaturation coefficient showed difference in the deformation ability of erythrocyte membranes of the studied fish.

Ulva blooms in the southwestern Gulf of California: Reproduction and biomass

Science.gov (United States)

Chávez-Sánchez, Tonatiuh; Piñón-Gimate, Alejandra; Serviere-Zaragoza, Elisa; López-Bautista, Juan Manuel; Casas-Valdez, Margarita

2018-01-01

Ulvacean blooms are generally characterized by one or more Ulva species, some of which are common to blooms across a broad geographic range. In tropical environments the identified stimuli that induce reproductive development of Ulva are restricted to temperature, salinity, dehydration and fragmentation. Culture studies have been prolific in describing the reproduction of Ulva species, but its reproductive changes in natural environment have not been described yet. Hence, seasonal changes were described in reproductive stages and their relationship with biomass and environmental factors of Ulva species at four macroalgal blooms in a subtropical bay. Eight Ulva species were found: U. acanthophora, U. clathrata, U. flexuosa, U. intestinalis, U. lactuca, U. lobata, U. nematoidea and U. rigida. Reproductive stage and biomass varied according to site and season. Five species showed four reproductive stages (vegetative, thallus with fully differentiated zooids in formation and empty cells after zooids release); for the remaining species only vegetative thalli were found. Ulva rigida showed the highest biomass values, followed by U. acanthophora, following a seasonal pattern.

The effects of season and diet composition on the radiocaesium intake by sheep grazing on heather moorland

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Salt, C.A.; Mayes, R.W.; Colgrove, P.M.; Lamb, C.S.

1994-01-01

In north-east Scotland on a mixed heather and grassland pasture grazed by sheep, 2 x 2 m areas of Calluna vulgaris heath and Deschampsia flexuosa grassland were artificially contaminated with 134 Cs by soil injection. Estimates of the 134 Cs intake by sheep were made on the basis of measurements of dry matter intake, diet composition and 134 Cs concentrations in diet components, assuming that the whole pasture had been contaminated. It was calculated that between May and September the sheep had utilized 72% of herbage produced on the grassland and 29% of heather shoots produced on the heath. Assuming that the whole pasture had been contaminated, this was equivalent to a removal through grazing of 0.9% on the grassland and 2% on the heath of the 134 Cs injected into the soil. By taking the sheep off the pasture at the end of September approximately 0.08% of the injected 134 Cs would be removed from the site via the body tissues of the sheep. (author)

Strong Endemism of bloom-forming tubular Ulva in Indian West Coast, with description of Ulva paschima Sp. Nov. (Ulvales, Chlorophyta).

Science.gov (United States)

Bast, Felix; John, Aijaz Ahmad; Bhushan, Satej

2014-01-01

Ulva intestinalis and Ulva compressa are two bloom-forming morphologically-cryptic species of green seaweeds widely accepted as cosmopolitan in distribution. Previous studies have shown that these are two distinct species that exhibit great morphological plasticity with changing seawater salinity. Here we present a phylogeographic assessment of tubular Ulva that we considered belonging to this complex collected from various marine and estuarine green-tide occurrences in a ca. 600 km stretch of the Indian west coast. Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference phylogenetic reconstructions using ITS nrDNA revealed strong endemism of Indian tubular Ulva, with none of the Indian isolates forming part of the already described phylogenetic clades of either U. compressa or U. intestinalis. Due to the straightforward conclusion that Indian isolates form a robust and distinct phylogenetic clade, a description of a new bloom-forming species, Ulva paschima Bast, is formally proposed. Our phylogenetic reconstructions using Neighbor-Joining method revealed evolutionary affinity of this new species with Ulva flexuosa. This is the first molecular assessment of Ulva from the Indian Subcontinent.

Diversity and antibacterial activity of culturable actinobacteria isolated from five species of the South China Sea gorgonian corals.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Xiao-Yong; He, Fei; Wang, Guang-Hua; Bao, Jie; Xu, Xin-Ya; Qi, Shu-Hua

2013-06-01

This study describes the diversity and antibacterial activity of culturable actinobacteria isolated from five species of gorgonian corals (Echinogorgia aurantiaca, Melitodes squamata, Muricella flexuosa, Subergorgia suberosa, and Verrucella umbraculum) collected in shallow water of the South China Sea. A total of 123 actinobacterial isolates were recovered using ten different isolation media, and assigned to 11 genera, including Streptomyces and Micromonospora as the dominant genera, followed by Nocardia, Verrucosispora, Nocardiopsis, Rhodococcus, Pseudonocardia, Agrococcus, Saccharomonospora, Saccharopolyspora and Dietzia. Comparable analysis indicated that the numbers of actinobacterial genera and isolates from the five gorgonian coral species varied significantly. It was found that 72 isolates displayed antibacterial activity against at least one indicator bacterium, and the antibacterial strains isolated from different gorgonians had almost the same proportion (~50 %). These results provide direct evidence for the hypotheses that gorgonian coral species contain large and diverse communities of actinobacteria, and suggest that many gorgonian-associated actinobacteria could produce some antibacterial agents to protect their hosts against pathogens. To our knowledge, this is the first report about the diversity of culturable actinobacteria isolated from gorgonian corals.

Distribuição geográfica das pteridófitas ocorrentes no Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil Geographic distribution of Pteridophytes occurring in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil

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Iva Carneiro Leão Barros

1988-12-01

Full Text Available Apresenta-se um levantamento das espécies de pteridófitas coletadas em cerca de 55 municípios do Estado de Pernambuco, visando ao estudo da distribuição da flora pteridofítica pelas várias zonas fisiográficas. Com este trabalho, aumentou-se o número de espécies de pteridófitas para o Estado, de 121 referidas anteriormente, para 194 espécies, com a freqüência e a dispersão por cada zona fitogeográfica. Das 194 espécies encontradas, três ocorrem na zona do litoral, nenhuma sendo exclusiva desta zona; 162 na subzona de mata úmida, sendo 96 exclusivas da área; 37 na subzona de mata seca, sendo quatro exclusivas da área; 65 na subzona de mata serrana ou brejos de altitude, sendo 16 exclusivas da área; oito na zona das savanas (tabuleiros, ocorrentes em outras zonas fisiográficas; e 26 nas diferentes zonas de caatinga do agreste e sertão. Destas, a espécie Selaginella sellowii Hieron é exclusiva da zona fisiográfica das caatingas, embora Selaginella convoluta (Arn. Spring, apresente sua maior ocorrência nessa zona. As espécies se distribuem pelas famílias Ophioglossaceae, Marattiaceae, Schizaeaceae, Gleicheniaceae, Hymenophyllaceae, Cyatheaceae, Pteridaceae, Vittariaceae, Dennstaedtiaceae, Thelypteridaceae, Dryopteridaceae, Aspleniaceae, Davalliaceae, Blechnaceae, Polypodiaceae, Marsileaceae, Salviniaceae, Psilotaceae, Lycopodiaceae e Selaginellaceae. A espécie de maior distribuição é Anemia tomentosa (Sav. Sw., ocorrendo desde a subzona de mata úmida até a subzona de caatinga do sertão do Jatinã.A survey of the species of Pteridophytes which were collected in about 55 municipalities in the State of Pernambuco was made in order to study the distribution of the pteridophytic flora over several physiographic zones. Through this study, the number of species of Pteridophytes was increased in the State. One hundred and twenty-one species were referred by Pontual. Now, 194 species were presented, including Pontual

Systematic analysis of rice (Oryza sativa) metabolic responses to herbivory.

Science.gov (United States)

Alamgir, Kabir Md; Hojo, Yuko; Christeller, John T; Fukumoto, Kaori; Isshiki, Ryutaro; Shinya, Tomonori; Baldwin, Ian T; Galis, Ivan

2016-02-01

Plants defend against attack from herbivores by direct and indirect defence mechanisms mediated by the accumulation of phytoalexins and release of volatile signals, respectively. While the defensive arsenals of some plants, such as tobacco and Arabidopsis are well known, most of rice's (Oryza sativa) defence metabolites and their effectiveness against herbivores remain uncharacterized. Here, we used a non-biassed metabolomics approach to identify many novel herbivory-regulated metabolic signatures in rice. Most were up-regulated by herbivore attack while only a few were suppressed. Two of the most prominent up-regulated signatures were characterized as phenolamides (PAs), p-coumaroylputrescine and feruloylputrescine. PAs accumulated in response to attack by both chewing insects, i.e. feeding of the lawn armyworm (Spodoptera mauritia) and the rice skipper (Parnara guttata) larvae, and the attack of the sucking insect, the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens, BPH). In bioassays, BPH insects feeding on 15% sugar solution containing p-coumaroylputrescine or feruloylputrescine, at concentrations similar to those elicited by heavy BPH attack in rice, had a higher mortality compared to those feeding on sugar diet alone. Our results highlight PAs as a rapidly expanding new group of plant defence metabolites that are elicited by herbivore attack, and deter herbivores in rice and other plants. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Additions to the flora of Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain

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Verloove, F.

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Additions to the flora of Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain.- Recent fieldwork in Tenerife, especially in September 2010, yielded several interesting new records of non-native vascular plants. Bothriochloa ischaemum var. songarica, “Asian” Cardamine flexuosa, Cestrum parqui, Digitaria violascens, Ficus lyrata, Ficus rubiginosa, Hoffmannseggia glauca, Hyparrhenia rufa subsp. altissima, Jacaranda mimosifolia, Merremia tuberosa, Passiflora morifolia, Phytolacca dioica, Schefflera actinophylla and Solanum abutiloides are reported for the first time from the Canary Islands, while Eragrostis barrelieri var. pygmaea, Ficus microcarpa, Ipomoea purpurea, Leucaena leucocephala subsp. glabrata, Sechium edule, Tradescantia zebrina and Turnera ulmifolia are new to the flora of the island of Tenerife. New records of Acacia cyclops, Atriplex suberecta, Heliotropium curassavicum, Paspalum dilatatum, P. notatum, Pluchea ovalis, Pulicaria paludosa, Sclerophylax spinescens and Solanum villosum subsp. miniatum confirm their recent expansion on the island of Tenerife. New records are provided for the recently described Sporobolus copei . Finally, Paspalum vaginatum (hitherto possibly confused with P. distichum and Potentilla indica are confirmed from the island of Tenerife.

Adiciones para la flora de Tenerife (Islas Canarias, España.- Algunos recientes trabajos de campo en Tenerife, especialmente en Septiembre de 2010, trajeron consigo varias nuevas e interesantes adiciones de plantas vasculares no autóctonas. Bothriochloa ischaemum var. songarica, Cardamine flexuosa “Asiática”, Cestrum parqui, Digitaria violascens, Ficus lyrata, Ficus rubiginosa, Hoffmannseggia glauca, Hyparrhenia rufa subsp. altissima, Jacaranda mimosifolia, Merremia tuberosa, Passiflora morifolia, Phytolacca dioica, Schefflera actinophylla y