Brasil y "América Latina" Brazil and "Latin America"

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Leslie Bethell

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Este ensayo, en parte historia de las ideas y en parte historia de las relaciones internacionales, examina la relación del Brasil con América Latina en perspectiva histórica. Durante más de un siglo, con posterioridad a la independencia, ni los intelectuales ni los gobiernos hispanoamericanos consideraron al Brasil como parte de "América latina". En cuanto a los intelectuales y los gobiernos brasileños, excepto por su relación con el Río de la Plata, sólo tenían ojos para Europa y, cada vez más después de 1889, los Estados Unidos. Cuando, en especial durante la Guerra Fría, los Estados Unidos, y por extensión el resto del mundo, comenzaron a tratar al Brasil como parte de América Latina, los gobiernos brasileños y los intelectuales brasileños, con la excepción de algunos de izquierda, seguían sin pensar al Brasil como parte integral de esta región. Desde el fin de la Guerra Fría, el Brasil ha comenzado a poner en práctica por primera vez una política de compromiso con sus vecinos en América del Sur.This essay, part history of ideas and part history of international relations, examines Brazil's relationship with Latin America in historical perspective. For more than a century after independence neither Spanish American intellectuals nor Spanish American governments considered Brazil part of 'America Latina'. For their part, Brazilian intellectuals and Brazilian governments, except for the Rio de la Plata, only had eyes for Europe and increasingly, after 1889, the United States. When, especially during the Cold War, the United States, and by extension the rest of the world, began to regard and treat Brazil as part of 'Latin America', Brazilian governments and Brazilian intellectuals, except some on the Left, still did not think of Brazil as an integral part of it. Since the end of the Cold War Brazil has for the first time pursued a policy of engagement with its neighbours -in South America.

La educación como derecho humano para presos en Brasil (Education as a human right to prisioner in Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ires Aparecida Falcade-Pereira

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Resumen: El sistema de detención todavía se mantiene al margen del interés de la sociedad. Sin embargo, la repercusión de los modelos de gestión, del éxito o fracaso en el proceso de reinserción de las personas encarceladas a la sociedad tiene impacto directo en la dinámica social. La acción criminal que lleva a la detención no le quita la condición de persona, por lo tanto, sigue siendo apta para recibir tratamiento condigno a su condición humana. En este sentido, este artículo evidencia la educación como derecho humano en Brasil, imprescindible en los/as reclusos/as para un adecuado proceso de reinserción social, a la vez que destaca el proceso de escolarización, sus dificultades y posibilidades, con énfasis en la legislación y directrices de la educación en las prisiones. Como metodología utilizamos la revisión de los principales documentos relacionados con la importancia de la escolarización del/a interno/a como derecho fundamental, así como artículos, resultados de investigación y datos estadísticos del Sistema de Información de Detención, los que darán un diagnóstico de la realidad educacional en el sistema de detención brasileño. El conocimiento sistematizado sobre la educación como derecho humano expone su precariedad y evidencia que la educación aún se presenta como un derecho que viene siendo violado desde la / por la política pública, considerando los muchos factores de intervención que impiden o dificultan el acceso a la educación pública de calidad para los/as presos/as. El movimiento actual del gobierno y de la sociedad brasileña, buscan alternativas para reformular las leyes de ejecución penal y encontrar mecanismos para su aplicación en el campo, hechos que garantizarán los derechos humanos en la población penitenciaria, así como todo lo referente a la educación formal.Abstract: The prison system still holds the edge in the interest of society. However, the impact of management

A anemia falciforme como problema de Saúde Pública no Brasil The sickle cell disease as a Public Health problem in Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Roberto B. de Paiva e Silva

1993-02-01

Full Text Available Apesar de a anemia falciforme ser a doença hereditária de maior prevalência no Brasil, a literatura nacional carece de investigações a respeito dos seus aspectos de Saúde Pública. Investigou-se a realidade vivida por 80 pacientes adultos (49 mulheres e 31 homens com diagnóstico de anemia falciforme, seguidos regularmente em centro hematológico. O diagnóstico tardio da doença foi um dos principais aspectos detectados na casuística examinada. Observou-se que a problemática maior do paciente adulto com a anemia falciforme esta centrada nos aspectos econômicos, sobretudo na falta de oportunidades profissionais, apesar de os mesmos poderem participar do mercado de trabalho, desde que estejam recebendo tratamento médico adequado e exerçam funções compatíveis com as suas limitações e potencialidades. A orientação psicoterapêutica teve uma grande aceitação pelos pacientes, sem diferença significativa entre os sexos. Concluiu-se haver necessidade da implantação de programas comunitários de diagnóstico precoce e de orientação médica, social e psicológica dos doentes com a anemia falciforme no Brasil, bem como de aconselhamento genético não diretivo dos casais de heterozigotos com o traço falciforme.Sickle cell anemia is the most prevalent hereditary disease in Brazil. However, the Brazilian literature registers no investigations into the public health aspects of the disease. This present study investigates the way of life of 80 adult patients (49 women and 31 men with a diagnosis of sicklecell anemia, at a blood center in Brazil. The late diagnosis of the disease was one of the most significant aspects observed in this group of patients. It was also observed that the dominant problem faced by adult patients with sickle cell anemia is of an economic nature, mainly due to lack of professional opportunities. However, patients can well undertake economic activities under adequate medical supervision, according to their

Insetos indutores de galhas da porção sul da Cadeia do Espinhaço, Minas Gerais, Brasil Gall inducing insects from southern portion of the Espinhaço Range, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marco Antonio A. Carneiro

2009-12-01

Full Text Available A riqueza de insetos galhadores é maior nas latitudes intermediárias em hábitats quentes e com vegetação esclerófila sob estresse hídrico e de nutrientes. Em regiões tropicais, os campos rupestres são indicados como hábitats ricos em espécies de insetos galhadores. Neste trabalho, foram descritas as galhas induzidas por insetos e suas plantas hospedeiras na porção sul da Cadeia do Espinhaço, sudeste do Brasil. Foram selecionados 60 sítios em seis regiões ao longo na porção sul da Cadeia do Espinhaço no estado de Minas Gerais. Em cada sítio 100 plantas foram amostradas totalizando 6.000 plantas censuradas ao longo de um gradiente altitudinal de 668 a 1860m. Foram encontrados 241 morfotipos de galhas em 142 espécies de plantas distribuídas em 29 famílias e de um total de 384 espécies de plantas amostradas. As famílias mais ricas em espécies de insetos galhadores foram Asteraceae (42%, principalmente espécies do gênero Baccharis. A maior parte das galhas (85% foi induzida por insetos da família Cecidomyiidae seguidos por Lepidoptera (4% e Homoptera (3%. Os ramos foram os órgãos mais freqüentemente atacados (72% enquanto que os morfotipos mais comuns foram o elíptico (37% e o globóide (36%. A espécie de planta hospedeira que apresentou mais morfotipos de galhas foi Baccharis pseudomyriocephala com 10 galhas distintas. Este estudo sustenta a afirmativa que campos rupestres apresentam uma elevada riqueza em espécies de insetos galhadores.Galling species richness is higher at intermediate latitudes on warm habitats and sclerophyllous vegetation under water and nutrient stress. In the tropical region, galling species richness is higher in rupestrian fields. Here the gall-inducing insects and their host plants of the southern portion of the Espinhaço range, southeastern Brazil are described. 60 study sites from six distinct regions along the Espinhaço range, at Minas Gerais state were selected. In each study site 100

Murcha do manjericão (Ocimum basilicum no Brasil: agente causal, círculo de plantas hospedeiras e transmissão via semente Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum wilt in Brazil: causal agent, host range and seed transmission

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ailton Reis

2007-06-01

Full Text Available O manjericão (Ocimum basilicum L. é uma hortaliça da família Lamiaceae, utilizada na culinária ou como matéria prima para a indústria de fármacos e óleos essenciais. Amostras de plantas de manjericão apresentando sintomas de murcha, seca de hastes e podridão de colo foram coletadas na área rural de Brazlândia (DF durante a estação chuvosa de 2005. Outras duas amostras foram coletadas em plantas cultivadas em campo aberto e casas de vegetação na região de Ponte Alta (DF. Isolados de um fungo, identificado como Fusarium oxysporum, foram obtidos em todas as amostras. Testes de patogenicidade foram conduzidos com mudas das cultivares O. basilicum 'Dark Opal' e 'Italian Large Leaf', e de acessos das espécies O. americanum L. (manjericão de folha miúda, O. campechianum Mill. (alfavaca, Origanum manjorana L. (manjerona, Origanum vulgare L. (orégano, Mentha arvensis L. (menta, Coleus blumei Benth. (tapete, Leonorus sibiricus L. (rubim e Leonotis nepetaefolia (L. W.T. Aiton (cordão-de-frade. Todos os isolados fúngicos mostraram-se altamente virulentos sobre as duas cultivares de manjericão. Em O. campechianum e O. americanum os isolados causaram apenas suave escurecimento vascular e leve redução de crescimento, sendo avirulentos sobre acessos das espécies O. manjorana, O. vulgare, M. arvensis, C. blumei, L. sibiricus e L. nepetaefolia. Este conjunto de dados indicou que o agente causal da doença é o fungo F. oxysporum f. sp. basilici, constituindo-se no primeiro registro formal deste patógeno no Brasil. Os lotes de sementes utilizados nas áreas de ocorrência da doença foram submetidos a um teste de sanidade visando verificar a presença do patógeno. O fungo F. oxysporum f. sp. basilici foi detectado em quatro dos seis lotes e os isolados obtidos das sementes contaminadas mostraram similar sintomatologia e um idêntico perfil de virulência aos verificados em campo e casa de vegetação, sugerindo que as sementes

Galling insects associated with two species of ruderal plants in urban and peri urban areas

OpenAIRE

Julião, Genimar R.; Fernandes, G. Wilson; Negreiros, Daniel; Bedê, Lúcio; Araújo, Raquel C.

2005-01-01

Os insetos têm sido considerados importantes indicadores de mudanças ambientais e da qualidade de habitats. Apesar de seu hábito séssil, fácil visualização, abundância, e especificidade de hospedeiro, insetos indutores de galhas não têm sido utilizados em estudos desta natureza. Neste estudo foi investigado o uso potencial de insetos galhadores associados a duas espécies de plantas hospedeiras ruderais (Baccharis dracunculifolia e Vernonia polyanthes: Asteraceae) como bioindicadores da qualid...

Insetos galhadores associados a duas espécies de plantas invasoras de áreas urbanas e peri-urbanas

OpenAIRE

Julião,Genimar R.; Fernandes,G. Wilson; Negreiros,Daniel; Bedê,Lúcio; Araújo,Raquel C.

2005-01-01

Os insetos têm sido considerados importantes indicadores de mudanças ambientais e da qualidade de habitats. Apesar de seu hábito séssil, fácil visualização, abundância, e especificidade de hospedeiro, insetos indutores de galhas não têm sido utilizados em estudos desta natureza. Neste estudo foi investigado o uso potencial de insetos galhadores associados a duas espécies de plantas hospedeiras ruderais (Baccharis dracunculifolia e Vernonia polyanthes: Asteraceae) como bioindicadores da qualid...

Composição, abundância e notas sobre a ecologia de espécies de larvas de lepidópteros associadas a cinco espécies de plantas hospedeiras no Parque Nacional da Restinga de Jurubatiba, RJ Composition, abundance and notes on ecology of lepidopteran larvae associated with five plant species in Parque Nacional da Restinga de Jurubatiba, RJ

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ricardo F. Monteiro

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Com o objetivo de descrever a composição, ocorrência temporal e aspectos ecológicos das espécies de larvas de Lepidoptera associadas a cinco espécies de plantas: Erythroxylum ovalifolium e E. subsessile (Erythroxylaceae, Manilkara subsericea (Sapotaceae, Protium icicariba e P. heptaphyllum (Burseraceae, 1.455 plantas foram vistoriadas durante o período de Julho de 2003 a Agosto de 2005 no Parque Nacional da Restinga de Jurubatiba (PNRJ. Foram encontradas 32 espécies de Lepidoptera associadas a essas cinco espécies de plantas hospedeiras, sendo que as quatro espécies mais abundantes pertenciam à família Elachistidae. Manilkara subsericea apresentou o maior número de espécies de Lepidoptera associadas, 14 espécies, seguida por E. ovalifolium, com 10 espécies, P. icicariba, com sete, E. subsessile com seis e P. heptaphyllum com duas espécies de Lepidoptera associadas. Apenas uma das 32 espécies de Lepidoptera criadas apresentava hábito gregário e 56% utilizavam algum tipo de abrigo para alimentação e/ou defesa. Seis espécies de Lepidoptera identificadas (27% eram polífagas, três (14% oligófagas e 13 (59% tiveram apenas uma única espécie de planta hospedeira registrada. As espécies mais abundantes de mariposas apresentaram dois períodos reprodutivos no ano, predominantemente, no inverno e outono. Fatores abióticos, como a forte insolação na primavera e verão na formação aberta de restinga, podem ser importantes determinando esse padrão temporal de reprodução dos insetos, mas não podemos descartar também fatores bióticos como a pressão de inimigos naturais.In order to describe the species composition, temporal occurrence and ecological aspects of larvae associated with five plant species: Erythroxylum ovalifolium and E. subsessile (Erythroxylaceae, Manilkara subsericea (Sapotaceae, Protium icicariba and P. heptaphyllum (Burseraceae, 1.680 plants were bimonthly surveyed from July of 2003 to August of 2005 in

British business in Brazil: maturity and demise (1850-1950

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcelo de Paiva Abreu

2000-12-01

Full Text Available This paper analyses the long-term trends of ''British business'' in Brazil since 1850. It covers investment and other manifestations of the British presence such as those related to trade as well as financial intermediation. Primary interest is in British involvement in Brazilian private sector activities, whether by direct investment or by the flotation of sterling securities for firms operating in Brazil. The article also considers the role of London as a financial market where Brazilian public loans were floated, the relevance of Britain as a market for Brazilian commodities and as a supplier to Brazil, and British intermediation in Brazilian trade with third countries. It is divided in chronological sections: imperial years (1850-1889; stagnation and boom (1889-1914; first signs of decline (1914-1930, and the divestment period (1930 to the mid-1950's. The final section presents the conclusions and mentions post-1950 trends.Este artigo considera as tendências de longo prazo das relações econômicas e financeiras britânicas com o Brasil desde 1850. Abrange investimentos e outas manifestações da presença britânica no Brasil, tais como as relacionadas a comércio e intermediação financeira. O interesse fundamental é no envolvimento britânico com as atividades do setor privado no Brasil, seja através de investimento direto, seja na intermediação financeira em benefício de firmas privadas que operavam no Brasil. O artigo também menciona o papel de Londres como centro financeiro no qual eram lançados empréstimos públicos brasileiros, a relevância do Reino Unido como mercado para as exportações brasileiras e como supridor de importações para o Brasil, e a intermediação britânica no comércio brasileiro com terceiros países. O artigo é dividido em seções cronológicas: os anos imperiais (1850-1889; estagnação e boom (1889-1914; primeiros sinais de declínio (1914-1930; os anos de redução de investimentos (1930

Diaspididae (Hemiptera, Coccoidea in sori of two fern species

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcelo Santos

2015-12-01

Duas Espécies de Cochonilhas (Hemiptera: Diaspididae Associadas com Soros de Samambaias Resumo. A presente comunicação relata a presença de duas espécies de cochonilhas Hemiberlesia palmae (Cockerell e Pinnaspis strachani (Cooley (Coccoidea, Diaspididae, associadas respectivamente com Asplenium serratum L. (Aspleniaceae e Niphidium crassifolium (L. Lellinger (Polypodiaceae. É o primeiro registro de uma samambaia como planta hospedeira de Hemiberlesia palmae.  Nas duas espécies de samambaias, os diaspidídeos encontravam-se concentrados principalmente ao redor dos soros.

Festivais Matsuris como referencial cultural e turístico da etnia japonesa em Curitiba (Paraná, Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Miguel Bahl

2013-12-01

Full Text Available O artigo trata sobre Matsuris, festivais da etnia japonesa realizados na cidade de Curitiba, Paraná (Brasil. É um estudo de caso de caráter descritivo com a intenção de resgatar parte do histórico de imigração japonesa no Brasil, a fim de perceber a importância dos festivais Matsuris como referencial da etnia e como forma de inserção social do grupo na capital paranaense. Utilizando pesquisa bibliográfica, busca eletrônica e observação direta intensiva, o estudo traz como resultado a descrição dos três festivais mais importantes da etnia na cidade (Hana Matsuri, Imin Matsuri e Haru Matsuri, demonstrando a relação dos mesmos como referencial étnico japonês e a apresentação do resultado de pesquisa de campo empreendida em 2009, junto ao Hana Matsuri e ao Imin Matsuri. Também evidencia a importância da existência de produtos étnicos culturais para um grupo de imigrantes, principalmente em uma capital cosmopolita como Curitiba, que contemplem o significado real de sua cultura, sem que se tornem apenas um bem de consumo.  Matsuris Festivals as cultural and turistic benchmark of japonese ethnicity in Curitiba (Paraná, Brazil. The article discusses about the Matsuris, Japanese ethnic festivals realized in Curitiba, Paraná (Brazil. It is a descriptive case study that intends to briefly redeem part of the history of Japanese immigration in Brazil, in order to understand the importance of Matsuris festivals as an ethnic referential and as a kind of social insertion of the group at the capital of Paraná. Using literature search, electronic search and intensive direct observation, the study results in a description of the three most important festivals of the ethnic group in the city (Hana Matsuri, Imin Matsuri and Haru Matsuri, showing their relation as an ethnic Japanese referential and showing the result from the field research applied in 2009, during the Hana Matsuri and Imin Matsuri Festivals. It also highlights the

Os hotéis como pólos geradores de viagens

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lenise Grando Goldner

2010-11-01

Full Text Available

Resumo: Os estudos sobre hotéis analisados como Pólos Geradores de Viagens são escassos tanto no Brasil quanto no exterior. Neste artigo desenvolve-se uma análise e compilação de alguns trabalhos realizados nos EUA sobre o tema, com destaque para os modelos do ITE- Institute of Transportation Engineers - para diferentes categorias de hotéis. Para o Brasil são analisados os estudos de Feitosa (2003 e de Goldner et al (2006 sobre os padrões de viagens, bem como os de Goldner e Inocêncio (2007 sobre taxas e modelos de geração de viagens para os hotéis da cidade de Florianópolis. Uma análise comparativa entre os principais modelos é realizada, buscando verificar a adequação dos modelos do ITE à realidade brasileira. Os resultados ratificam a importância do desenvolvimento de novos modelos com base em dados que caracterizam a especificidade da geração de viagens no caso do Brasil.

Abstract: Studies analyzing hotels and their role as trip generation hubs are rare in Brazil and abroad. In this paper, an analysis and compilation of some work linked to the subject, developed in the USA, is carried out, with emphasis on the ITE - Institute of Transportation Engineers - models, to different hotel categories. In the case of Brazil, the studies of Feitosa (2003 and Goldner et al. (2006 assessing trip patterns and also those of Goldner and Inocencio (2007, who analyzed rates and trip generation models to hotels located in Florianopolis. A comparative analysis among the main models is also carried out, aiming at the verification of the adequacy of ITE models to the Brazilian reality. The comparison ratifies the importance to develop models based on data that characterize the specificity of trip generation in the case of Brazil.

Fenologia de Cornops aquaticum (Orthoptera: Acrididae associado a Eichhornia crassipes (Pontederiaceae em um Lago de Várzea na Amazônia Central, Brasil Phenology of Cornops aquaticum (Orthoptera: Acrididae associated with Eichhornia crassipes (Pontederiaceae in a Floodplain Lake in Central Amazonia, Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Elias Braga

2011-12-01

Full Text Available O gafanhoto Neotropical Cornops aquaticum (Bruner vive associado às macrófitas da família Pontederiaceae da qual se alimenta. Nos lagos da Amazônia Central, Eichhornia crassipes (Mart. Solms (mururé ou aguapé é considerada a planta hospedeira de maior importante para este gafanhoto. Esse trabalho teve o objetivo de realizar um estudo fenológico de adultos e ninfas desse gafanhoto em associação a sua planta hospedeira, frente ao regime hidrológico da Amazônia Central. Tal estudo foi realizado entre os meses de abril de 2006 a agosto de 2007 no Lago Camaleão (03º17'05"S 60º11'11"W, na várzea da Amazônia Central. Para isso, utilizou-se uma rede entomológica (70 cm de diâmetro adaptada para a captura dos gafanhotos. Onde foram capturados 850 exemplares (296 adultos e 554 ninfas. Observou-se que a abundância e a biomassa de adultos e de ninfas de C. aquaticum, bem como de sua macrófita hospedeira, estão relacionados com a oscilação sazonal do nível do rio (pulso de inundação.La tucura Neotropical, Cornops aquaticum (Bruner, vive asociada a las macrófitas de la familia Pontederiaceae, de las cuales se alimenta. En los lagos de la Amazonia Central, Eichhornia crassipes (Mart. Solms (camalote o aguape constituye la planta huésped más importante de esta tucura. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar la fenología de los adultos y las ninfas de C. aquaticum en los camalotales de E. crassipes, en relación al régimen hidrológico de la Amazonia Central. Los muestreos se realizaron entre los meses de abril de 2006 a agosto de 2007, en el Lago Camaleón (03º17'05"S 60º 11 '11 "O en la Várzea de la Amazonia Central. Los individuos fueron capturados desde una embarcación a motor, utilizando una red entomológica de 70 cm de diámetro. Durante este estudio, se capturaron un total de 850 ejemplares (296 adultos y 554 ninfas. Se observó que la abundancia y la biomasa de los adultos y de las ninfas de C. aquaticum, así como

O direito à terra como um direito humano: a luta pela reforma agrária e o movimento de direitos humanos no Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rossana Rocha Reis

2012-01-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste texto é analisar, por meio da história recente dos movimentos sociais que lutam pela reforma agrária no Brasil, a construção do direito à terra como um direito humano. A partir dos anos de 1970, a interação de movimentos camponeses da Igreja Católica progressista e da rede transnacional de direitos humanos confluiu na produção dessa ideia da posse da terra como um direito humano, que marcou não apenas a luta pela terra no Brasil, como também influenciou a forma como o próprio movimento de direitos humanos foi construído no país e na maneira como ele se inseriu nessa rede transnacional de ativistas.This article seeks to analyze, within the recent history of social movements that struggle for agrarian reform in Brazil today, the build of the land rights as a human right. Since the 1970s, the interaction between peasant movements, the progressive church and the transnational network of human rights has converged into this idea that the land rights are a human right, which not only has marked the character of the struggle for land in Brazil, but has also influenced the way in which the human rights movement has been constructed in the country and how it has taken its place within the transnational network of human rights activism.

A sustentabilidade ambiental como direcionador estratégico ao processo de reindustrialização no Brasil Environmental sustainability as strategic direction to be taken in the re-industrialization process in Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pedro dos Santos Portugal Júnior

2012-12-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho objetiva apresentar uma proposta de direcionamento político e econômico para a indústria brasileira, voltando-se para um contexto de sustentabilidade ambiental como posicionamento estratégico na competitividade internacional, servindo assim como uma alternativa de combate ao atual processo de desindustrialização no país. O Brasil deveria aproveitar sua liderança em certos ramos sustentáveis como a produção energética e de sua disponibilidade de recursos naturais para redirecionar o processo industrial via uma política econômica que integre a questão ambiental e a necessidade de reindustrializar a economia. Para tanto, a ação do Estado é primordial como indutor e regulador do processo, bem como, sendo um dos principais financiadores deste projeto, conciliando uma nova política industrial ambientalmente sustentável com mudanças na política monetária e cambial, para que a ação possa ser realmente efetiva.This work presents a proposal for political and economic direction to be taken in Brazilian industry. This proposal suggests going back to a time of of environmental sustainability as a strategic position in international competitiveness, which would serve as an alternative in combatting the current process of deindustrialization in the country. Brazil should leverage its leadership in certain areas such as sustainable energy production and availability of natural resources in order to redirect the industrial process through the use of an economic policy that integrates environmental issues and the need to reindustrialize the economy. For this to occur, government action is paramount and must initiate and regulate the process. The state must also provide the main financial support of this project, which would combine a new environmentally sustainable industrial policy with changes in monetary and exchange policy, so that actions taken can be truly effective.

Economic integration, poverty and regional inequality in Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Joaquim Bento de Souza Ferreira Filho

2006-12-01

Full Text Available In this paper we address the issue of how trade integration can affect poverty and income distribution in Brazil. The analysis is conducted through a static General Equilibrium and Microsimulation Model of Brazil, calibrated with the PNAD 2001 data. The model comprises 112,055 Brazilian households and 263,938 adults, distinguishing 42 activities, 52 commodities, and 27 regions. The FTAA formation is simulated, and its impacts upon poverty and income distribution in Brazil analyzed. Results point to the fact that even a large shock like the one simulated wouldn't have a strong impact on poverty reduction in Brazil, although the results are concentrated on the poorest households.Este trabalho analisa os efeitos potenciais da formação da ALCA sobre os níveis de pobreza e distribuição de renda no Brasil. A análise é conduzida através de um Modelo Aplicado de Equilíbrio Geral e de Micro-simulação estático, calibrado com os dados da PNAD 2001. O modelo distingue na sua estrutura 112.055 domicílios e 263.938 adultos, 42 atividades produtivas, 52 produtos, e 27 regiões. Os resultados apontam para o fato de que mesmo mudanças tarifárias grandes como as aqui simuladas não trariam um forte impacto sobre a pobreza no Brasil, embora os resultados estejam concentrados nos domicílios mais pobres.

Colonização radicular de plantas cultivadas por Ralstonia solanacearum biovares 1, 2 e 3 Root colonization of cultivated plants inoculated with Ralstonia solanacearum biovar 1, 2 and 3

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Magno Martins Bringel

2001-09-01

Full Text Available A murcha bacteriana causada por Ralstonia solanacearum é considerada a principal doença de origem bacteriana no mundo. Centenas de espécies de plantas pertencentes a mais de 50 famílias botânicas têm sido relatadas como hospedeiras. Foi avaliada, em condições de casa de vegetação, a colonização radicular de alface, arroz, cebolinha, ervilha, pepino e soja, por seis isolados de Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs, biovares 1, 2 e 3. Estirpes dos isolados de Rs com resistência múltipla aos antibióticos estreptomicina, rifampicina e cloranfenicol foram utilizadas. A colonização foi avaliada 45 dias após a inoculação, através do plaqueamento de suspensão de trituração em meio de cultura semi-seletivo. A ervilha comportou-se como hospedeira de todos os isolados mas, apenas um isolado da biovar 3 foi patogênico a esta espécie. A soja apresentou populações elevadas de quatro isolados distribuídos entre as três biovares e o pepino, de apenas dois isolados das biovares 1 e 3. Exceto para o isolado que foi patogênico à ervilha, as plantas não apresentaram sintomas da doença, comportando-se como hospedeiras não suscetível. O arroz apresentou populações muito baixas de todos os isolados. Alface e cebolinha não hospedaram nenhum dos isolados inoculados. Os resultados mostram a capacidade de Rs colonizar e sobreviver em diferentes espécies de plantas como rizobactérias.Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is considered the main plant disease of bacterial origin in the world, where hundreds of plant species in more than 50 botanical families are host plants. Root colonization of lettuce (Lactuca sativa, rice (Oryza sativa, spring onion (Allium fistulosum, pea (Pisum sativum, cucumber (Cucumis sativus, and soybean (Glycine max by six isolates of Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs biovars 1, 2 and 3 was evaluated under greenhouse conditions. Bacterial strains resistant to streptomycin, rifampicin and chloranfenicol were used

Patogenicidade de isolados de Corynespora cassiicola a diferentes espécies de plantas Pathogenicity of Corynespora cassiicola isolates on different host plants

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ricardo Ribeiro Oliveira

2007-09-01

Full Text Available Corynespora cassiicola, relatado como um patógeno com ampla gama de espécies hospedeiras, tem causado danos em várias culturas de interesse comercial. Neste trabalho avaliou-se, em ambiente de casa-de-vegetação, a patogenicidade de 15 isolados de C. cassiicola originados de diferentes espécies hospedeiras, quando inoculados em 12 diferentes espécies vegetais. Os isolados de pepino foram os mais patogênicos. Além dos híbridos de pepino, estes infectaram outras seis espécies vegetais testadas. Já os isolados de trapoeraba e de alface foram os que apresentaram menor patogenicidade, pois além dos hospedeiros originais infectaram somente uma espécie hospedeira. A maioria dos isolados apresentou elevada inespecificidade. As espécies vegetais testadas reagiram de formas diferentes quando inoculadas com diferentes isolados. O mamoeiro apresentou maior suscetibilidade, sendo infectado por 12 dos 15 isolados. Contrariamente, a trapoeraba e o assa-peixe foram suscetíveis a três e dois isolados, respectivamente.Corynespora cassiicola, causes target leaf spot on a wide host range, including several economically important crops. This study investigated the pathogenicity of 15 C. cassiicola isolates on several hosts, in greenhouse. The fungal isolates were collected from several hosts. These isolates were inoculated on 12 different plant species. The isolates from cucumber showed the widest host range, infecting also six other hosts. The isolates from C. benghalensis and lettuce showed the narrowest host range, since they infected their host of origin and only another host plant. Most of the isolates lacked host specificity. Papaya plant, which showed the greatest susceptibility to the C. cassiicola isolates, were colonized by 12 of the 15 isolates tested. On the opposite, Vernonia sp. and C benghalensis were susceptible to only two and three C. cassiicola isolates, respectively.

Utilization of high hydrostatic pressure for the study and refolding of proteins with quaternary structure

OpenAIRE

RODRIGUES, DANIELLA

2014-01-01

A produção de proteínas recombinantes é uma ferramenta essencial para a indústria biotecnológica e suporta a expansão da pesquisa biológica moderna. Uma variedade de hospedeiros pode ser utilizada para produzir estas proteínas e dentre eles, as bactérias E. coli são as hospedeiras mais utilizadas. No entanto, a expressão heteróloga de genes em E. coli frequentemente resulta em um processo de enovelamento incompleto que leva ao acúmulo de agregados insolúveis, conhecidos como corpos de inclusã...

Análise dos níveis de poligalacturonases e glucanases expressas durante os processos de interação patogênica e saprofítica de Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

OpenAIRE

BARBOSA, Silvio Romero Costa

2008-01-01

O fungo Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, pode interagir com uma grande gama de espécies vegetais bem como obedecer à alta especificidade e especialização patogênica. Ele é capaz de digerir a parede celular de plantas hospedeiras utilizando para tal uma série de mecanismos bioquímicos e morfogenéticos que otimizam a invasão. Várias enzimas são produzidas durante a interação planta-hospedeiro e dentre elas se destacam a família das poligalacturonases (PGs) e as beta glucanases. As PGs catalisam a hidr...

Developing a Partnership with Brazil - An Emerging Power

Science.gov (United States)

2004-03-19

Cultura e Opulência do Brasil ” (1711) was one of those who set the path of national pride, emphasizing the nation’s natural majesty and greatness. After...www.latinnews.com/leb/LEB2370.asp? instance=3& mode=a>. Internet. Accessed 7 October 2003. “Avance de Lula: Brasil como sitio del diálogo entre Farc y ONU...of Brazil, 1997 Revised ed. Brasília: Senado Federal, 1997. Costa, Roberto Teixeira da. “ Brasil y Argentina: más diálogo y sentido común.” El

Evaluation of the stocks of Hypnea musciformis (rhodophyta: gigartinales on two beaches in Bahia, Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Taiara Aguiar Caires

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Hypnea musciformis occurs widely in the northeast coast of Brazil, and it is one of the most important natural sources of k-carrageenan, which is used in food and cosmetic industries. Despite its potential for exploitation little is known about its ecology. The aim of this study was to investigate the biology and ecology of H. musciformis in Brazil through analyses of biomass stock and accompanying flora. Two populations of H. musciformis were analyzed: those on the beaches of Stella Maris and Itacimirim (Bahia, Brazil. Eight samplings were conducted between 2007 and 2009 during the dry and rainy seasons. The algae were sampled along transects (20 m using quadrats (0.04 m² in three different hydrodynamic regions of the reefs (TP, PRR and FRR. The t-Test, Dunn's Test and parametric and nonparametric ANOVA were used for statistical analyses. 17 host species and 41 associated species were identified. The highest biomass stock was observed during the dry season. On Stella Maris, the region with the highest biomass stock was FRR; on Itacimirim, TP had the highest biomass value. This study permits the assumption that seasonality, microhabitat, hydrodynamic and micro scale factors contribute to variation in biomass stock in H. musciformis populations.Hypnea musciformis ocorre amplamente na costa nordeste do Brasil, sendo uma das mais importantes fontes naturais de k-carrageenana que é utilizado nas indústrias alimentícia e cosmética. Apesar do potencial de explotação, pouco se sabe sobre sua ecologia. O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer a biologia e ecologia de H. musciformis no Brasil através da análise do estoque de biomassa e da flora acompanhante. Duas populações de H. musciformis foram analisadas nas praias de Stella Maris e Itacimirim (Bahia, Brasil. Oito amostragens foram realizadas entre 2007 e 2009, durante as estações seca e chuvosa. As algas foram coletadas ao longo de transectos (20 m utilizando quadrados (0,04 m² em tr

A informalidade como forma: os acordos no fazer judicial do Tribunal do Júri.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Izabel Saenger Nuñez

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Resumo:  O presente paper trata dos acordos informais, entre defesa e acusação, que acontecem nos processos em trâmite no Tribunal do Júri. A análise desses mecanismos informais mostra como os processos são administrados e fala sobre a “sensibilidade jurídica” inquisitorial presente no “fazer judicial” brasileiro. Analisar os “acordos” informais e a maneira como eles se estabelecem mostra como as decisões formais no processo judicial são, muitas vezes, informadas por “valores morais” e “moralidades situacionais” em contexto e determinam a ação dos agentes no campo. Para sustentar meu argumento, portanto, parto da descrição de três “acordos” presenciados em audiências de instrução e julgamento e um caso de estupro, no qual não houve acordo, embora houvesse “convergência moral” quanto ao seu desfecho. Palavras-chave: Tribunal do Júri; Moralidades; Valores Morais; Interação  *** Resumen: Este artículo trata sobre los "acuerdos" informales entre defensa y acusación que ocurren en los casos en trámite en el Tribunal do Juri. El análisis de estos mecanismos informales da cuenta, en primer lugar, de la administración judcial de los casos y, en segundo lugar, de la presencia de la "sensiblidad jurídica" inquisitorial en el "hacer judicial" brasileño. Analizar los "acuerdos" informales y la forma como ellos se establecen muestra cómo las decisiones formales en el proceso judicial son, frecuentemente, informadas por "valores morales" y "moralidades situacionales" construídas en un contexto particular, las cuales determinan la acción de los agentes en el campo. Para dar cuenta de ello, describo tres "acuerdos" observados en audiencias de "instrucción" y "juicio" en un caso de violación, en el cual no hubo acuerdo consenso a pesar de existir "convergencia moral" en relación a su desenlace. Palabras clave: Tribunal do Juri, Moralidades situacionales, Valores morales, Interacción  *** Abstract

A importância dos acidentes ofídicos como causa de mortes em bovinos no Brasil The importance of snake bites as cause of cattle death in Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Hubinger Tokarnia

2006-06-01

Full Text Available A revisão da literatura pertinente indica que as opiniões sobre a importância dos acidentes ofídicos, como causa de mortes em bovinos no Brasil, são divergentes no meio veterinário. Enquanto alguns acreditam que são pouco importantes, ou que têm menor significado do que lhes é atribuído, outros são da opinião que esses acidentes são freqüentes. Verificou-se que só foi relatado diagnóstico fundamentado de dois casos fatais de envenenamento por Bothrops spp em bovinos, e de nenhum por Crotalus spp. Um questionário por nós submetido a patologistas e clínicos veterinários que atuam em diversos Estados do país, revelou apenas raros casos suspeitos de envenenamento ofídico fatal em bovinos no Brasil. Em nossas viagens de estudo e nos trabalhos de diagnóstico nunca estabelecemos o diagnóstico de morte por acidente ofídico em bovinos. Os casos tidos como envenenamento ofídico, na sua grande maioria, são apenas suposições, sem embasamento. Esses "diagnósticos", em geral, são feitos à distância dos animais que morreram, à revelia de exame clínico, necropsia e estudo histopatológico. Importante foi a constatação de que, no Brasil, embora algumas serpentes do gênero Bothrops possam, teoricamente, produzir quantidades suficientes de veneno para matar um bovino adulto, em experimentos realizados, apenas Bothrops alternatus foi capaz de levar a morte um dos três bovinos experimentalmente por ela picados; esse animal tinha apenas 279 kg. Já as serpentes do gênero Crotalus poderiam inocular quantidades letais de veneno para bovinos adultos. Mesmo assim, tanto para Bothrops spp, como para Crotalus spp, há que se considerar que as serpentes, em geral, só inoculam parte do veneno disponível. Esse estudo indica que é necessário melhor investigar as mortes suspeitas de terem sido causadas por acidente ofídico em bovinos no Brasil. O estabelecimento do diagnóstico de morte por envenenamento ofídico, porém, só é poss

Como pensar o voleibol de praia sociologicamente How to think beach volleyball sociologicaly

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gilmar Francisco Afonso

2012-03-01

Full Text Available Este artigo trata de uma análise sociológica da história do Voleibol de Praia. Aqui procuramos responder: por que o desenvolvimento internacional da modalidade ocorreu no Brasil e não nos EUA? Como hipótese apresentamos que a estrutura do campo Voleibol de Praia vem sendo determinada pela disputa de duas instituições, a Federação Internacional de Voleibol (FIVB e a Association of Volleyball Professionals (AVP. Os objetivos foram investigar por que o Brasil foi o local onde o Voleibol de Praia se transformou em show business internacional e analisar as configurações entre os agentes/estruturas que compõem o campo. O recorte compreendeu o intervalo de 1985 a 2004. Como referencial teórico metodológico de análise, buscamos na teoria dos campos de Pierre Bourdieu o instrumental capaz de explicitar as relações que se estabelecem no contexto socioeconômico contemporâneo, aplicando-o na leitura do desenvolvimento do Voleibol de Praia. Constatamos que a FIVB assumiu o controle do campo e o Brasil passou a ser uma estrutura estruturante da modalidade.This study carried out a sociological analysis of the history of Beach Volleyball. The problem was: why has the development of Beach Volleyball as an international sport occurred in Brazil rather than in the USA? The hypothesis proposed that the framework of the field of Beach Volleyball has been defined by the dispute between two institutions, the Fèdèration Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB and the Association of Volleyball Professionals (AVP. The outlined goals were to investigate why Brazil came to be where Beach Volleyball was transformed into International Show Business and analyze the structure of the interdependent relationships among the sub components that make up the field. The proposed period included the years 1985 to 2004. The instrument capable of expounding the relationships that are established in the contemporary socioeconomic context was found in the 'theory of fields

Phenological relationships between two insect galls and their host plants: Aspidosperma australe and A. spruceanum (Apocynaceae Relações fenológicas entre duas galhas induzidas por insetos e suas plantas hospedeiras: Aspidosperma australe e A. spruceanum (Apocynaceae

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Priscila Tolentino Campos

2010-09-01

Full Text Available Although gall diversity in the Neotropical region is immense, comparative studies on the phenology of host plants and their galls are scarce. Gall systems generally require high levels of phenological synchrony between the associated organisms. The relationships between the phenology of two leaf galls induced by an unidentified Cecidomyiidae in Aspidosperma spruceanum Benth. ex Müell. Arg. and by Pseudophacopteron sp. in A. australe Müell. Arg. were investigated. The investigation was performed on ten individuals per species in 15-day intervals taking into consideration the percentage of galled leaves. In a one-year study, three distinct phenophases for the leaf galls and four phenophases for host plants were observed. The maximum percentage of leaf galls (80% on A. australe occurred just after the peak of leaf sprouting. In A. spruceanum, the percentage of leaf galls was always over 50%, which can be related to continuous leaf production and gall induction in this species. In both species, developing galls were observed over the entire year, indicating multivoltinism. The ability to induce galls at young and mature sites seems to be a good strategy for galling species survivorship.Embora a diversidade de galhas na região neotropical seja grande, poucos são os estudos fenológicos comparando a fenologia das espécies hospedeiras com aquela das galhas. O desenvolvimento de galhas geralmente requer alta sincronia fenológica entre os organismos associados. A relação entre a fenologia de duas galhas foliares induzidas por um Cecidomyiidae e Aspidosperma spruceanum Benth. ex Müell. Arg. e de uma espécie de Pseudophacopteron sp. e A. australe Müell. Arg. foram investigadas. O trabalho foi realizado em dez indivíduos de cada espécie em intervalos quinzenais, levando em consideração a percentagem de folhas galhadas. Durante um ano, foram observadas três fenofases distintas para as galhas foliares e quatro fenofases para a hospedeira. A

Gall inducing arthropods from a seasonally dry tropical forest in Serra do Cipó, Brazil Artrópodes indutores de galhas em Floresta Sazonal Tropical Seca da Serra do Cipó, Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcel Serra Coelho

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Highly diverse forms of galling arthropods can be identified in much of southeastern Brazil's vegetation. Three fragments of a Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest (SDTF located in the southern range of the Espinhaço Mountains were selected for study in the first survey of galling organisms in such tropical vegetation. Investigators found 92 distinct gall morphotypes on several organs of 51 host plant species of 19 families. Cecidomyiidae (Diptera was the most prolific gall-inducing species, responsible for the largest proportion of galls (77% observed. Leaves were the most frequently galled plant organ (63%, while the most common gall morphotype was of a spherical shape (30%. The two plant species, Baccharis dracunculifolia (Asteraceae and Celtis brasiliensis (Cannabaceae, presented the highest number of gall morphtypes, displaying an average of 5 gall morphotypes each. This is the first study of gall-inducing arthropods and their host plant species ever undertaken in a Brazilian SDTF ecosystem. Given the intense human pressure on SDTFs, the high richness of galling arthropods, and implied floral host diversity found in this study indicates the need for an increased effort to catalogue the corresponding flora and fauna, observe their intricate associations and further understand the implications of such rich diversity in these stressed and vulnerable ecosystems.Artrópodes indutores de galhas são muito ricos em espécies nas formações vegetais no sudeste do Brasil. Três fragmentos de Floresta Sazonal Tropical Seca (FSTS foram selecionados nas montanhas do sudeste da cadeia do Espinhaço para a primeira pesquisa de organismos indutores de galhas nesse tipo de vegetação. Encontramos 92 morfotipos distintos de galhas em vários órgãos de 51 espécies de plantas hospedeiras pertencentes à 19 famílias. A maioria das galhas (77% foi induzida pela família Cecidomyiidae (Diptera. A folha foi o órgão mais atacado (63%, enquanto o morfotipo mais

El CO2 como disolvente y como reactivo

OpenAIRE

La Franca Pitarresi, Vincenzo Rosario

2016-01-01

Existen numerosas ventajas asociada con el uso de CO2 , tanto como disolvente que como reactivo, y todas se pueden resumir en cuatro categorías generales: beneficios ambiental, beneficios de salud y seguridad, beneficios en el procedimiento y beneficios químicos. Los procesos que implican el CO2 como disolvente no aumentaría las emisiones de CO2, más bien proporcionaría una oportunidad para el reciclaje de CO2 residual. Además, los esfuerzos para secuestrar el CO2 producido de los gases de co...

Carolee Schneemann. El cine como autobiografía, la artista como actriz, el cuerpo como pincel

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Barbaño González-Moreno

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo analiza la relación de cine y mujer a partir de la obra fílmica de Carolee Schneemann, principalmente de su obra autobiográfica Fuses (1964-1966. Desde ella, se plantea el papel de la artista como productora, directora y protagonista principal de todas sus obras. Reflexionamos así sobre el rol del creador-director como actor que derivaría en la consecución de una obra cinematográfica de tintes necesariamente autobiográficos. Asumiendo la visión vanguardista del cine como diario personal/Entendido el cine como diario personal, Schneemann va a explorar en su obra diferentes aspectos de la identidad y la sexualidad de la mujer en un cine artístico, alternativo y de tendencia política feminista. Entendido/Asumido su cine como elemento plástico, la artista explorará de forma paralela la experimentación matérica y física a través de los cuerpos filmados así como de la propia materialidad de la película, excluyendo toda posibilidad narrativa, dramática e ilusoria de proyección del espectador en el espacio cinematográfico y el espacio privado del creador.

Parasite fauna of Leporinus lacustris and Leporinus friderici (Characiformes, Anostomidae) from the upper Paraná river floodplain, Brazil - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v28i3.228

OpenAIRE

Guidelli, Gislaine Marcolino; UEM; Tavechio, Washinhton Luiz Gomes; PUCPR; Takemoto, Ricardo Massato; UEM; Pavanelli, Gilberto Cezar; UEM

2007-01-01

Foram investigadas as faunas parasitárias de Leporinus lacustris e Leporinus friderici da planície de inundação do Alto rio Paraná, Brasil, objetivando compará-las em composição e estrutura das comunidades seguindo-se metodologias usuais no estudo dos parasitas. Foram observados alguns padrões e as faunas podem ser consideradas semelhantes em estrutura. A principal diferença nas faunas parasitárias refere-se às taxas diferenciais de utilização das espécies hospedeiras por algumas espécies par...

A Tainha como Patrimônio Cultural e Experiência Turístico-Cultural em Bombinhas, Santa Catarina / Mullet Fish as Cultural Heritage and Tourism Experience in Bombinhas, Santa Catarina, Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yolanda Flores e Silva

2015-04-01

Full Text Available Este artigo apresenta resultado de pesquisa realizada em Bombinhas, SC, sobre as tradições alimentares das famílias de pescadores artesanais, nesse município. O estudo teve como objetivo investigar o patrimônio alimentar tradicional da localidade e o seu potencial como experiência turístico-cultural. O percurso metodológico adotado foi o qualitativo, de natureza exploratória e descritiva, com uso do método etnográfico: trabalho de campo, entrevistas e observações do cotidiano local. A análise dos dados foi realizada através de Interpretação Reflexiva. Os resultados apontam para um patrimônio alimentar ancorado no pescado, mais especificamente na Tainha, com receitas preparadas no fogão à lenha pelas mulheres da comunidade. Herança cultural, a Tainha é degustada em eventos especiais familiares e públicos, como a Missa da Tainha, as farinhadas familiares e as Festas Juninas, entre outras, podendo, assim, representar uma experiência cultural diferenciada para o turista. Mullet Fish as Cultural Heritage and Tourism Experience in Bombinhas, Santa Catarina, Brazil - This paper presents results of research on the food traditions of the families of artisanal fisherfolk of the municipality of Bombinhas, SC. The study aimed to investigate the food heritage and its potential as a tourist-cultural experience. The methodological approach adopted was qualitative, exploratory and descriptive using the ethnographic method: fieldwork, interviews, and observations. Data analysis was performed by Reflexive Interpretation. The results show that there is a food heritage anchored in Mullet prepared in the wood stove by the women of the community. The Mullet fish generates dishes tasted in family and in public events such as the Mass of the Mullet, and outdoors festival (“festas juninas”. The government and the population considers this food as an important cultural heritage and an especial experience to the tourist.

Energetic aspects of biomass use in Brazil and in the world; Aspectos energeticos da biomassa como recurso no Brasil e no mundo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Genovese, Alex Leao; Udaeta, Miguel Edgar Morales; Galvao, Luiz Claudio Ribeiro [Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), SP (Brazil). Escola Politecnica

2006-07-01

This paper aims to make an economic, social, environmental, technical and political analysis of the biomass as source of energy, in the different sectors that use this energy in Brazil and in the world. It will also be analyzed and argued the possibilities of biomass uses in Brazil and the barriers to a bigger scale insertion in the energy matrix, as well as proposals of mechanisms for the elimination of these barriers. The research approaches the diverse kinds of biomass' exploitation, as direct combustion, extraction of oils and fuel manufacturing (alcohol, biodiesel and biogas). For all kinds of exploitation, the diffusion of the biomass use is targeted as strategic and social option for national energy plan. (author)

Opening up Brazil's hydrocarbon sector - the Bolivia-Brazil pipeline

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Law, P.

2000-01-01

The Bolivia-Brazil natural gas pipeline, which transports natural gas more than 3000 km from Bolivia to Brazil, cost US$2.1 billion to construct. Despite the substantial benefits for both Bolivia and Brazil and the involvement of reputable private partners, the perceived risks and complexities of this large project made financing it major challenge. neither of these countries has had a tradition of independent regulation or economic fuel pricing, and the pipeline was the first major gas infrastructure project involving the private sector in Brazil. The presentation explains the historical features of the project and how the project was used to open up Brazilian oil and gas sector to private investment and competition. (author)

Mesozoic dinosaurs from Brazil and their biogeographic implications

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jonathas S. Bittencourt

2011-03-01

Full Text Available The record of dinosaur body-fossils in the Brazilian Mesozoic is restricted to the Triassic of Rio Grande do Sul and Cretaceous of various parts of the country. This includes 21 named species, two of which were regarded as nomina dubia, and 19 consensually assigned to Dinosauria. Additional eight supraspecific taxa have been identified based on fragmentary specimens and numerous dinosaur footprints known in Brazil. In fact, most Brazilian specimens related to dinosaurs are composed of isolated teeth and vertebrae. Despite the increase of fieldwork during the last decade, there are still no dinosaur body-fossils of Jurassic age and the evidence of ornithischians in Brazil is very limited. Dinosaur faunas from this country are generally correlated with those from other parts of Gondwana throughout the Mesozoic. During the Late Triassic, there is a close correspondence to Argentina and other south-Pangaea areas. Mid-Cretaceous faunas of northeastern Brazil resemble those of coeval deposits of North Africa and Argentina. Southern hemisphere spinosaurids are restricted to Africa and Brazil, whereas abelisaurids are still unknown in the Early Cretaceous of the latter. Late Cretaceous dinosaur assemblages of south-central Brazil are endemic only to genus or, more conspicuously, to species level, sharing closely related taxa with Argentina, Madagascar, Indo-Pakistan and, to a lesser degree, continental Africa.O registro osteológico de dinossauros no Mesozóico brasileiro está restrito a rochas triássicas do Rio Grande do Sul e estratos cretáceos de várias partes do país. Isto inclui 21 espécies nominais, sendo duas referidas como nomina dubia, e 19 consensualmente classificadas como dinossauros. Oito táxons supraespecíficos adicionais baseados em material fragmentado e diversas pegadas são conhecidos no Brasil. De fato, a maior parte dos espécimes é composta de dentes isolados e vértebras. Apesar do aumento em trabalhos de campo na última

La vivienda como una cuestión social en América Latina: una historia de cien años

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sonia Ranincheski

2007-12-01

Full Text Available The article is about the housing issue in Brazil and Uruguay at the beginning of the Twentieth century as a political issue. With first hand-data, speeches and draft bills from parliamentary elites in both countries, the article reveals how these Brazilian and Uruguayan elites coped with the housing issue in the political agenda form 1904 to 1914. There were debates from Brazilian and Uruguayan Parliaments upon housing as a social issue, but adopting differentiated approaches. To Uruguay´s elites, housing was associated to worker status recognition as a social agent. To Brazil´s elites, housing demands little attention and, when discussed, it was about real-estate titles legislation. It was possible to verify that political elites discussed housing due to growing urbanization and social pressures. Despite the differences, Brazilians and Uruguayans recognized in the State the political agent to address the issue.//Este artículo aborda el tema de la vivienda en el Brasil y en Uruguay a comienzos del siglo XX como un tema político. Con datos inéditos- discursos y proyectos de las élites parlamentarias de los dos países- muestra cómo las élites brasileras y uruguayas incluyeron la vivienda en la agenda política durante los años de 1904 a 1914. Se demuestra que polemizaba sobre la vivienda en el área legislativa brasilera y uruguaya como cuestión social, con enfoques diferentes. Para las élites uruguayas la vivienda estuvo asociada al reconocimiento del trabajador como agente social entre las élites brasileras, la vivienda recibe poca atención y como, cuando se discute, de lo que se trata es de legislar sobre los títulos nobiliarios. Se verificó que las élites políticas controvertían sobre el tema debido a la creciente urbanización y a las presiones sociales y, a pesar de las diferencias, brasileros y uruguayos señalaban al Estado como el agente político idóneo para encauzar la cuestión.

Pisada como pano de chão: experiência de violência hospitalar no Nordeste Brasileiro "Stepped-on like a floor-mat": human experience of hospital violence in the Northeast of Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Annatália Meneses de Amorim Gomes

2008-03-01

Full Text Available Apesar de recentes esforços para melhorar a qualidade dos serviços públicos de saúde no Brasil, iniqüidades e violência institucional persistem nos hospitais. Este estudo antropológico-crítico investiga a experiência humana da hospitalização do ponto de vista do paciente internado em um hospital público, localizado em Fortaleza, capital do Ceará, no Nordeste brasileiro. Um método qualitativo original, "O Percurso do Paciente" foi criado e utilizado, mesclando entrevista etnográfica, narrativa do paciente coletada prospectivamente durante a internação, desde a chegada no hospital até a alta, e observação-participante, seguindo-se o percurso de 13 informantes-chaves. Os resultados revelaram 225 experiências distintas de hospitalização narrados pelos pacientes. A maioria (83,6% dos acontecimentos foi interpretada como "desprezo" e "humilhação"; somente 16,4% foram percebidos como "zelando" pelo paciente, contribuindo para a recuperação da sua saúde. Desvelaram a progressiva desmoralização do "paciente suspeito" desde a sua recepção por um guarda uniformizado até o confisco de pertences pessoais. A hospitalização é caracterizada por abandono, solidão e aprisionamento, em virtude da imposição de normas, regras e procedimentos que ignoram a autonomia, condições pessoais e subjetividade do paciente. Apesar da estrutura opressiva, pacientes resistem às agressões, utilizando múltiplas estratégias: traços pessoais, imaginação criativa, solidariedade social e fé religiosa. Humanizar a hospitalização pública no Nordeste brasileiro requer incluir a voz e a experiência do paciente, removendo os estigmas que o prejudicam.Despite recent efforts to improve the quality of public health services in Brazil, inequalities and institutionalized violence persist in hospitals. This critical anthropological study investigates the human experience of hospitalization from the viewpoint of patients of a public hospital

O estágio de ovo dos Heliconiini (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil The egg stage of Heliconiini (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rafael Dell'Erba

2005-03-01

Full Text Available Utilizando-se da microscopia de luz e de varredura, são descritos e ilustrados os ovos dos seguintes Heliconiini (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae do Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil: Agraulis vanillae maculosa (Stichel, 1907, Dione juno juno (Cramer, 1779, Dione moneta moneta Hübner, 1825, Dryadula phaetusa (Linnaeus, 1758, Dryas iulia alcionea (Cramer, 1779, Philaethria wernickei (Röber, 1906, Eueides isabella dianasa (Hübner, 1806, Eueides aliphera aliphera (Godart, 1819, Heliconius ethilla narcaea Godart, 1819, Heliconius besckei Ménétriés, 1857 e Heliconius erato phyllis (Fabricius, 1775. Com base em diferenças morfológicas genéricas e ultraestruturais, associadas aos padrões de uso das plantas hospedeiras, elaborou-se uma chave dicotômica para a identificação das espécies.Based upon light and scanning electron microscopy, the external morphology of the egg stage is described and illustrated for the following Heliconiini (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae from Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil: Agraulis vanillae maculosa (Stichel, 1907, Dione juno juno (Cramer, 1779, Dione moneta moneta Hübner, 1825, Dryadula phaetusa (Linnaeus, 1758, Dryas iulia alcionea (Cramer, 1779, Philaethria wernickei (Röber, 1906, Eueides isabella dianasa (Hübner, 1806, Eueides aliphera aliphera (Godart, 1819, Heliconius ethilla narcaea Godart, 1819, Heliconius besckei Ménétriés, 1857, and Heliconius erato phyllis (Fabricius, 1775. A dichotomic key is provided for their identification, based upon differences at the levels of generic and ultrastructural morphology, and variation in host-plant use.

Nanismo nutricional em escolares no Brasil Stunted schoolchildren in Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Glória Elizabeth Carneiro Laurentino

2003-12-01

Full Text Available Revisão da literatura sobre o nanismo nutricional no Brasil. Os principais tópicos abordados foram: definição do problema, a utilização da medida da altura em escolares como método de excelência para avaliar o estado de saúde e nutrição das populações, as principais causas e conseqüências apontadas na literatura e sua magnitude no país. De acordo com a literatura a prevalência do nanismo nutricional varia entre as diversas regiões brasileiras, com nítida desvantagem para as regiões Norte e Nordeste. Sua origem tem sido atribuída especialmente a condições ambientais desfavoráveis. Há indicações de que o atraso da capacidade intelectual e menor capacidade física para o trabalho estão associados ao problema.Literature review on stunting in Brazil. The following topics have been analyzed: problem's definition, the use of schoolchildren's height as the best method to evaluate population health and nutritional status, the main causes and consequences demonstrated in the literature and, at last, the scope of this problem in Brazil. According to lierature the prevalence of stunting varies in different regions of Brazil. The poorest results are found in the North and Northeast. The main determinants of linear growth retardation are poor environmental conditions and among the consequences, results indicate lower physical and mental capacity.

Insect galls from Atlantic Forest areas of Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo, Brazil: characterization and occurrence

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Valéria Cid Maia

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Galhas de insetos de areas de Mata Atlântica de Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo, Brasil: caracterização e ocorrência. Três áreas protegidas de Mata atlântica foram investigadas em  Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo, de junho de 2007 a agosto de 2009: Estação Biológica de Santa Lúcia, Reserva Biológica Augusto Ruschi e Parque Natural Municipal São Lourenço. A vegetação local foi examinada à procura de galhas de insetos. Foram encontrados 265 morfotipos de galhas em 141 espécies de plantas (104 gêneros e 49 famílias. Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Myrtaceae, Melastomataceae e Rubiaceae foram as famílias de planta com maior riqueza de galhas. Os gêneros super-hospedeiros foram Mikania Willd. (Asteraceae, Myrcia DC. ex. Guill. (Myrtaceae e Inga Mill. (Fabaceae. A espécie super-hospedeira foi Guapira opposita (Vell. Reitz. (Nyctaginaceae. As galhas foram encontradas em folhas, caules, botões, raízes e gavinhas. As folhas foram o órgão vegetal mais galhado, seguidas pelos caules e botões. Os indutores pertencem a quatro ordens de insetos: Diptera, Lepidoptera, Hemiptera e Thysanoptera, sendo Cecidomyiidae (Diptera os mais frequentes e diversificados galhadores. Inquilinos foram obtidos de seis morfotipos de galhas, estando representados por Cecidomyiidae and Muscomorpha. Nove species galhadoras são registradas pela primeira vez no Estado do Espírito Santo, e Cordiamyia globosa Maia, 1996 é assinalada pela primeira vez para o município de Santa Teresa. O presente estudo indica Santa Teresa (ES como a área de Mata Atlântica com maior riqueza de galhas de insetos.

FHC: o intelectual como político

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Celso Lafer

2009-03-01

Full Text Available Este artigo parte do exame dos múltiplos papéis que nas sociedades contemporâneas os intelectuais desempenham na vida política. Aponta a tendência à imperícia no trato da realidade política por parte dos intelectuais no exercício do poder. Neste contexto, discute-se como e por que FHC é um raro caso de um intelectual bem-sucedido na vida política de um país complexo, de escala continental, com as características do Brasil contemporâneo. Aquilata-se, finalmente, a maneira pela qual FHC conjugou teoria e experiência nos seus juízos políticos perante as especificidades das conjunturas com as quais lidou na presidência e como combinou, na sua liderança, a dimensão da mudança e da pacificação, tendo sempre presente o "quadro mental" e o sentido de direção da sua visão intelectual.The point of departure of the article is a discussion of the social roles intellectuals play in the political life of modern societies. Subsequently an analysis of the difficulties that intellectuals tend to have, when exercising power, in dealing with political realities is presented. In this context the article discusses the why and the how FHC is a rare case of a successful intellectual in the politics of a complex democratic country, of continental dimension, with the specificities of contemporary Brazil. The association of theory and experience in the political judgment of FHC in dealing with the realities he faced as President is explored as well as his style of leadership that blended change and pacification, always bearing in mind the sense of direction of his outlook as an intellectual.

Gramíneas hospedeiras de Xanthomonas sp., agente causal da falsa estria vermelha da cana-de-açúcar Host range of Xanthomonas sp., causal agent of the false red stripe of sugarcane, among grasses

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elaine Spindola Mantovani

2006-06-01

Full Text Available Falsa estria vermelha (FEV, uma nova doença causada por Xanthomonas sp., é diferente diferente de todas as outras doenças já descritas em cana-de-açúcar. Ela está distribuída por toda as principais regiões canavieiras do centro-sul do Brasil, mas ainda não foi detectada no norte e nordeste do Brasil nem em qualquer outro país. O presente estudo determinou a gama de culturas e plantas daninhas hospedeiras da bactéria dentre espécies pertencentes às gramíneas, através de inoculação por injeção e pulverização de suspensão bacteriana. Além da cana-de-açúcar, entre as 31 diferentes espécies estudadas, apenas sorgo, milho e aveia apresentaram sintomas, 15 dias após a inoculação. Em sorgo, no ponto de inoculação, apareceram estrias avermelhadas coalescentes. As folhas apresentaram típicas estrias vermelhas finas (1 mm, longas e paralelas às nervuras, com presença de exsudato bacteriano. Até mesmo as inflorescências apresentaram pontuações avermelhadas. Plantas de milho inoculadas com seringa apresentaram sintomas de anasarca e descoloração de tecidos ao redor do ponto de inoculação e estrias cloróticas (2-3 mm no limbo foliar; porém, sem exsudato de bactéria. Apenas folhas de cevada apresentaram sintomas quando inoculadas por pulverização. As lesões iniciais eram estrias e manchas de cor palha, evoluindo para uma necrose total das folhas, causando a morte das plantas. A partir de folhas sintomáticas de cana-de-açúcar, sorgo, milho e aveia, realizaram-se re-isolamentos, obtendo-se culturas puras de Xanthomonas sp. cuja identidade foi comprovada através de testes sorológicos e por Rep-PCR. Diante desses resultados, surge a necessidade de realização de inspeções e campos de cultivo de sorgo, milho e aveia para verificar a presença da bactéria da FEV e determinar se o patógeno pode infectar essas culturas naturalmente.False Red Stripe (FRS, a new disease caused by Xanthomonas sp., is different

Diversity and associations between coastal habitats and anurans in southernmost Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

MAURO C.L.M. OLIVEIRA

Full Text Available This study aimed to verify the relationship between habitat and the composition of anuran species in dune and restinga habitats in southernmost Brazil. The habitats were sampled between April 2009 and March 2010 using pitfalls with drift fence. We have captured 13,508 individuals of 12 anuran species. Species richness was lower in the dunes and dominance was higher in the resting. Apparently the less complex plant cover, water availability, and wide daily thermal variation in dunes act as an environmental filter for frogs. This hypothesis is reinforced by the fact that the most abundant species (Physalaemus biligonigerus and Odonthoprynus maisuma bury themselves in the sand, minimizing these environmental stresses. Despite being in the Pampa biome, the studied community was more similar to those of coastal restinga environment of southeast Brazil than with other of the Pampa biome. The number of recorded species is similar to those observed in other open habitats in Brazil, showing the importance of adjacent ones to the shoreline for the maintenance of the diversity of anurans in southernmost Brazil.Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a relação entre o hábitat e a composição de espécies de anuros em ambientes de duna e restinga no extremo sul do Brasil. Estes ambientes foram amostrados entre abril de 2009 e março de 2010 utilizando armadilhas de interceptação e queda, com barreira de contenção. Foram capturados 13.508 indivíduos de 12 espécies de anuros. A riqueza de espécies foi menor nas dunas e dominância foi maior na restinga. Aparentemente, a cobertura vegetal, com menor complexidade, a disponibilidade de água e a maior variação térmica diária nas dunas, atuam como um filtro ambiental para os anuros. Esta hipótese é reforçada pelo fato de que as espécies mais abundantes (Physalaemus biligonigerus e Odonthoprynus maisuma se enterram na areia, minimizando esses estresses ambientais. Apesar de estar no bioma Pampa

Modelagem molecular da interação entre a proteína de fusão do vírus sincicial respiratório humano e inibidores da ação viral. -

OpenAIRE

Cravo, Haroldo de Lima Pimentel [UNESP

2012-01-01

O Vírus Sincicial Respiratório Humano (hRSV) foi identificado em 1957 e mesmo após vários anos de investigação, nenhuma vacina foi desenvolvida. Acredita-se que a chave de inibição da ação viral são suas glicoproteínas de membrana, em especial a proteína de fusão (F), que com auxílio da proteína de ligação (G), é responsável pela instalação do hRSV na célula hospedeira. Há evidências experimentais de que compostos como flavonóides e glicosaminoglicanos podem diminuir a infecção viral, sendo e...

The Myth of the Cannibal, Mimesis and Social Criticism in Como era gostoso o meu francês (1971.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Roberto Ponce Cordero

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Como era gostoso o meu francés is a 1971 Brazilian film. Directed by Nelson Pereira dos Santos, it adapts chronicles by old explorers from the 16th century who were imprisoned by native peoples of what is now Brazil. Thus, it deals with topics such as cannibalism, the attraction that the “savage” life had on the “civilized” subject, and the performative character of sacrificial rituals. In this article, we start by looking at the differences between the historical (and proto-historical sources inspiring this film. We maintain that these differences, and the conscious decision to change certain aspects of the narratives on which the movie is based, show that he did not intend to portray an otherwise fictitious past (cannibalism in the Americas. Rather, these differences turn this film into a political satire directed at 1971 Brazil, as well as into a comment on colonial difference and on the strategies employed by the colonized in order to mock the colonizer by performing his worst fears about the Other.

First report of interspecific facultative social parasitism in the paper wasp genus Mischocyttarus Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae Primeiro registro de parasitismo social facultativo interespecífico em vespas do gênero Mischocyttarus Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Thiago S. Montagna

2012-06-01

Full Text Available First report of interspecific facultative social parasitism in the paper wasp genus Mischocyttarus Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae. Parasitism of colonies of the social wasp Mischocyttarus cerberus Ducke, 1918 by females of Mischocyttarus consimilis Zikán, 1949 was observed in a rural area of Dourados, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. In all monitored cases, the invasion occurred in the pre-emergence colony stage, generally by a single female of M. consimilis. The period of establishment of the foreign female in the host colony was marked by antagonistic behaviors between the host female and the invasive. In general, the architecture of the parasitized nest was modified from the typical architecture of the host species nest.Primeiro registro de parasitismo social facultativo interespecífico em vespas do gênero Mischocyttarus Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae. Parasitismo de colônias da vespa social Mischocyttarus cerberus Ducke, 1918 por fêmeas de Mischocyttarus consimilis Zikán, 1949 foram registrados em uma área rural no município de Dourados estado de Mato Grosso do Sul no Brasil. Em todos os casos monitorados a invasão ocorreu na fase colonial de pré-emergência, e em geral foi executado por uma única fêmea de M. consimilis. O período de estabelecimento da fêmea estrangeira na colônia hospedeira foi marcado por comportamentos antagônicos entre as fêmeas interespecíficas. Em geral, a arquitetura do ninho parasitado foi modificada em relação à arquitetura típica do ninho da espécie hospedeira.

Copa do mundo de futebol como desencadeador de eventos cardiovasculares World soccer cup as a trigger of cardiovascular events

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daniel Guilherme Suzuki Borges

2013-01-01

Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: Síndromes coronarianas agudas são a maior causa de mortalidade no mundo. Estímulos externos, também conhecidos como gatilhos, como estado emocional ou atividade física, podem produzir mudanças fisiopatológicas desencadeantes. Dentre os gatilhos estudados, eventos estressantes, como campeonatos de futebol, são controversos na literatura e não há dados efetivos para a população brasileira. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos agudos do estresse ambiental induzido pelos jogos da Copa do Mundo de Futebol no aumento da incidência de doenças cardiovasculares no Brasil. MÉTODOS: Foram obtidos dados publicamente disponíveis do Sistema Único de Saúde referentes às internações hospitalares com código internacional de doenças, referentes às síndromes isquêmicas agudas, no período de maio a agosto de 1998 a 2010 (155.992 internações. Restringiu-se a análise aos pacientes maiores que 35 anos e internados por especialidades clínicas. Comparou-se a incidência de infarto e óbito entre os dias sem copa (Grupo I: 144.166; 61,7 ± 12,3 anos; 59,4%masculino, dias de copa sem jogos do Brasil (Grupo II: 9.768; 61,8 ± 12,3 anos; 60,0% masculino e dias de jogos do Brasil (Grupo III: 2.058; 61,6 ± 12,6 anos; 57,8% masculino. Utilizou-se regressão logística e de Poisson para ajustar por idade, gênero, densidade populacional e número de postos de atendimento. RESULTADOS: Houve aumento da incidência de infarto para jogos de copa do mundo (1,09; IC95% = 1,05-1,15 e do Brasil (1,16; IC95% = 1,06-1,27. Não houve impacto sobre mortalidade - copa (1,00; IC95% = 0,93-1,08 e Brasil (1,04; IC95% = 0,93-1,22. CONCLUSÃO: A copa do mundo e, especialmente, os jogos da seleção brasileira implicam maior incidência de infarto agudo do miocárdio, mas não de mortalidade intra-hospitalar.BACKGROUND: Acute coronary syndromes are the major cause of death in Brazil and in the world. External stimuli, known also as triggers, such as emotional

TUBERCULOSIS COMO ENFERMEDAD OCUPACIONAL

Science.gov (United States)

Mendoza-Ticona, Alberto

2014-01-01

Existe evidencia suficiente para declarar a la tuberculosis como enfermedad ocupacional en diversos profesionales especialmente entre los trabajadores de salud. En el Perú están normados y reglamentados los derechos laborales inherentes a la tuberculosis como enfermedad ocupacional, como la cobertura por discapacidad temporal o permanente. Sin embargo, estos derechos aún no han sido suficientemente socializados. En este trabajo se presenta información sobre el riesgo de adquirir tuberculosis en el lugar de trabajo, se revisan las evidencias para declarar a la tuberculosis como enfermedad ocupacional en trabajadores de salud y se presenta la legislación peruana vigente al respecto. PMID:22858771

Brazils Role in environmental governance: Analysis of possibilities for increased Brazil-Norway cooperation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Valberg, Anna Helene

2011-07-01

This report examines the role played by Brazil in connection with certain international negotiations, such as the climate negotiations and the CBD. It identifies the driving factors that have influenced environmental politics and standards in Brazil, and take note of conflicts that must be discussed when Norway is seeking expanded cooperation with Brazil. In line with the mandate, FNI identifies areas of particular interest for further collaboration between the two countries, and recommend directions for supplementary Norwegian policy-making in light of a broadened scope for Norway-Brazil interaction. In recent years, the Norwegian government has initiated an extensive process aimed at reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD). This is the most obvious shared environmental scope between Norway and Brazil. However, given the large body of literature that already exists on this field, this report will concentrate instead on issues more on the outskirts of the REDD discourse, such as biodiversity conservation, biofuel efficiency and challenges concerning hydropower, all of which threaten to impact negatively on the Amazonian areas. In our recommendations, we cite tangible examples to illustrate issues where we believe lessons learnt in Norway may have applicability to Brazil.(auth)

A Psicologia racial no Brasil (1918-1929 The race Psychology in Brazil (1918-1929

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

André Luís Masiero

2005-08-01

Full Text Available As teorias raciais chegaram ao Brasil por volta de 1869. Neste artigo procuramos demonstrar como estas teorias entraram no âmbito das ciências psicológicas e direcionaram conceitos e práticas. Foram analisados os anais da Sociedade Eugênica de São Paulo (1919 e os trabalhos apresentados no 1º Congresso Brasileiro de Eugenia (1929, que tiveram como meta "melhorar a raça nacional". Tanto aquela instituição quanto este evento científico contaram com a participação de psicólogos, psiquiatras e antropólogos que se aproximaram do racismo científico, muito difundido pelo mundo no início do século XX. Esta aproximação gerou uma "Psicologia Racial" no Brasil, a qual pretendia reduzir os saberes psicológicos a uma suposta problemática racial.The arrival of racist theories in Brazil happened around 1869. The aim of this paper was to demonstrate how those theories got into the psychological sciences and conducted their concepts and practices. Documents from Sao Paulo Eugenic Society's archives (1919 and from the 1st Brazilian Eugenics Conference (1929 have been analyzed, both proving to be committed with the "national race improvement". Many psychologists, psychiatrists and anthropologists related to scientific racism - spread around the world in early 20th century - took part of the institution as well as the conference. This fact brought about the "race psychology" in Brazil, which intended to reduce the psychological knowledge to a hypothetic racial problem.

Cogeneration for Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

2000-01-01

Almost all the electric power in Brazil comes from large-scale hydroelectric plants: only about 3% comes from cogeneration. But, now that the barriers which discouraged cogeneration are being removed, there will be more and more investment in cogeneration and distributed generation. The circumstances which have brought about these changes are described. It is expected that cogeneration will be responsible for producing 10-15% of Brazil's electricity by 2010 and the demand for cogeneration will reach 11-17 GW. It is concluded that Brazil represents one of the world's most attractive market for cogeneration and distributed generation

A visão brasileira da futura ordem global Brazil's vision of the future global order

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daniel Flemes

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Este artigo visa desdobrar a concepção brasileira da futura ordem global localizada entre os polos extremos de um concerto de grandes potências e de uma ordem mundial multirregional. O autor demonstra como os formuladores de política externa brasileira contribuem para um tipo de ordem global que oferece espaço de manobra para a potência emergente. As opções de política externa do Brasil são limitadas, diante do superior poder material (hard power das grandes potências estabelecidas. A estratégia de soft balancing do Brasil envolve estratégias institucionais, como a formação de coalizões diplomáticas limitadas ou alianças para restringir o poder das grandes potências estabelecidas. O Brasil tem estado entre os mais poderosos condutores de mudança incremental na diplomacia mundial e é beneficiado em grande parte pelas conectadas mudanças de poder global. Em uma ordem global moldada por grandes potências por meio de arranjos e instituições internacionais, esses jogadores que efetivamente operam em ambos como inovadores, construtores de coalizões e porta-vozes, ao mesmo tempo em que preservam grande parcela de soberania e autonomia, têm o potencial de influenciar substancialmente os resultados da futura política global.This article aims to unfold the Brazilian conception of the future global order located between the extreme poles of a concert of great powers and a multiregional world order. The author demonstrates how Brazilian foreign policy makers contribute to the kind of global order, which offers most room to manoeuvre to the rising power. The foreign policy options of Brazil are limited in view of the superior hard power of the established great powers. Brazil's soft balancing strategy involves institutional strategies such as the formation of limited diplomatic coalitions or ententes to constrain the power of the established great powers. Brazil has been amongst the most powerful drivers of incremental change in

Heidegger E A Técnica Moderna Como Perigo E Como Salvação

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Robson Costa Cordeiro

2014-04-01

Full Text Available O mundo contemporâneo é marcado por uma compreensão de técnica que se ergue como tal a partir de um sentido próprio e autônomo. Este sentido pode ser caracterizado como um logos que se constitui a partir de sua própria natureza e se manifesta como tecnologia no decorrer da história. Compreender esse sentido e assumi-lo como condição de nossa existência no mundo é comprender a técnica como nossa herança e nosso envio. Nesse sentido, compreender a essência da técnica é fundamental para o mundo contemporâneo, assumindo que, nesse processo, consiste o perigo e a salvação da espécie.

Health and innovation: economic dynamics and Welfare State in Brazil.

Science.gov (United States)

Gadelha, Carlos Augusto Grabois; Braga, Patrícia Seixas da Costa

2016-11-03

The effective enforcement of the access to healthcare as fundamental right requires an important theoretical and political effort at linking the often contradictory economic and social dimensions of development. This study suggests the need for a systemic view of policies related to the industrial base and innovation in health and the construction of the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS). The authors investigate the relations between health, innovation, and development, seeking to show and update the political, economic, and social determinants of the recent Brazilian experience with the Health Economic-Industrial Complex (HEIC). They discuss how the agenda for innovation and domestic industrial production in health gained a central place in the project for construction of the SUS. The article thus seeks to link inherent issues from the agenda for development, production, and innovation to social policy in healthcare, as observed in recent years, and based on this analysis, points to political and conceptual challenges for implementing the SUS, especially as regards strengthening its technological and industrial base. As a byproduct, the article develops an analytical and factual focus on the consolidation of the HEIC in Brazil, both as a dynamic vector of industrial development, generating investment, income, employment, and innovations, and as a decisive element for reducing vulnerability and structural dependence in health. The authors aim to show that strengthening the SUS and orienting it to social needs is an essential part of building a social Welfare State in Brazil. Resumo: A efetivação da saúde como um direito fundamental exige importante esforço, teórico e político, de articulação das dimensões econômicas e sociais, por vezes contraditórias, do desenvolvimento. Este trabalho indica a necessidade de um olhar sistêmico das políticas relacionadas à base produtiva e de inovação em saúde e à construção do Sistema Único de Sa

Padrões alimentares em mudança: a cozinha italiana no interior paulista

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Flávia Arlanch Martins de Oliveira

2006-06-01

Full Text Available Este artigo analisa como, com a chegada do imigrante italiano ao interior de São Paulo quando da grande imigração que se deu a partir de meados da década de 1880, teve início uma troca de hábitos alimentares, tanto em meio a esses imigrantes como na sociedade hospedeira. Para tanto, restringimos nosso estudo à cidade de Jaú, uma vez que esse município, no período em questão, recebeu um representativo fluxo de imigrantes italianos.This article analyses how, with the arrival of the Italian Immigrant in the interior of São Paulo State, by the time of the great immigration that took place from the mid 1880 decade on, it started an exchange of eating habits, of these immigrants as well as of the host society. Therefore, we limited our study within Jaú city, since this municipal district, at that time, had received a representative flow of Italian immigrants.

Os filmes de Cristo no Brasil: a recepção como fator de influência estilística

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luiz Vadico

2008-11-01

Full Text Available Neste artigo analiso a recepção dos filmes de Cristo no Brasil, no período entre 1895 a 1929. Entende-se por filmes de Cristo as primeiras Paixões filmadas e histórias da vida de Jesus. Tentando compreender o porquê da inexistência de filmes desse gênero produzidos em nosso país (o primeiro data da década de 1970, narro uma breve história da recepção das produções estrangeiras e verifico como a recepção, por sua vez, pode ter influenciado o estilo desse tipo de produção no Brasil. Palavras-chave: filmes de Cristo; Paixão de Cristo; recepção; cinema Abstract: Christ movies in Brazil: their receipt as a factor of stylistic influence — This article analyzes how Jesus movies were received in Brazil between 1895 and 1929. The term 'Jesus movies' refers to the first film productions of Christ's Passion and stories of Jesus's life. To understand why this type of movie was not produced in our country in those days (the first one dates back to the 1970s, a brief history is given about the arrival of foreign film productions and how the way they were received may have influenced the style of this type of film production in Brazil. Keywords: Jesus movies; Christ's Passion; acceptance; cinema; history

Imposex in endemic volutid from Northeast Brazil (Mollusca: Gastropoda

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ítalo Braga de Castro

2008-10-01

Full Text Available Imposex is characterized by the development of masculine sexual organs in neogastropod females. Almost 120 mollusk species are known to present imposex when exposed to organic tin compounds as tributyltin (TBT and triphenyltin (TPT. These compounds are used as biocide agents in antifouling paints to prevent the incrustations on boats. Five gastropod species are known to present imposex in Brazil: Stramonita haemastoma, Stramonita rustica, Leucozonia nassa, Cymathium parthenopeum and Olivancillaria vesica. This paper reports the first record of imposex observed in the endemic gastropod Voluta ebraea from Pacheco Beach, Northeast Brazil. Animals presenting imposex had regular female reproductive organs (capsule gland, oviduct and sperm-ingesting gland and an abnormal penis. As imposex occurs in mollusks exposed to organotin compounds typically found at harbors, marinas, shipyards and areas with high shipping activities, probably contamination of Pacheco Beach is a consequence of a shipyard activity located in the nearest areas.O imposex caracteriza-se pelo surgimento de estruturas sexuais masculinas, em fêmeas de gastrópodes. Cerca de 120 espécies de moluscos que exibem o fenômeno quando expostas a contaminação por compostos orgânicos de estanho tais como o Tributilestanho (TBT e o Trifenilestanho (TPT. Esses compostos são utilizados, sobretudo em embarcações, no intuito de evitar a bioincrustração que danifica as embarcações e eleva os custos das viagens marítimas. No Brasil se conhecem 5 espécies de moluscos gastrópodes que manifestam imposex, são elas: Stramonita haemastoma, Stramonita rustica, Leucozonia nassa, Cymathium parthenopeum e Olivancillaria vesica. No Nordeste, monitoramentos da contaminação por organoestânicos foram realizados utilizando o imposex em gastrópodes como biomarcador. O presente estudo tem por objetivo notificar a primeira ocorrência de imposex na espécie endêmica do Nordeste brasileiro, Voluta

Encontro de Aedes (Stegomyia albopictus (Skuse em Bromeliaceae na periferia de São Paulo, SP, Brasil The Aedes (Stegomyia albopictus (Skuse breeding in Bromeliaceae on the outskirts of an urban area of Southeastern Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Delsio Natal

1997-10-01

Full Text Available Foram coletadas larvas de Aedes albopictus em uma planta da família Bromeliaceae, na periferia da cidade de São Paulo, SP, Brasil. Esse encontro abre perspectivas de estudo para avaliação do potencial desse vegetal como criadouro desse mosquito no País.Larvae of Aedes albopictus from a plant of the Bromeliaceae family on the outskirts of S. Paulo, SP, Brazil, were collected. This occurrence sheds new light on the attempt to determine the potential of this plants as a breeding site for this mosquito in Brazil.

Brazil, China, US: a triangular relation?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José-Augusto Guilhon-Albuquerque

2014-01-01

Full Text Available This article is divided in three sections. The first one explores the so-called "strategic partnership" between Brazil and China. In the second section we shall examine how US-China relations in the global system could affect both Brazil-US, and Brazil-China bilateral relations. A final section presents some recommendations for Brazil strategic orientations regarding the current systemic transition in the allotment of global power.

A "palavra divina" como logos separador La palabra divina" como logos separador God's word" as a separating logos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elaine Pedreira Rabinovich

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Este estudo indaga quanto às implicações do uso da "Palavra de Deus" por meio da leitura da Bíblia na vida cotidiana de evangélicos brasileiros. Vinte entrevistas foram realizadas com famílias evangélicas na cidade de Salvador (Bahia com o objetivo de compreender quais as conseqüências da conversão na sua vida pessoal e familiar, atentando-se para os motivos da adesão à crença pentecostal. A análise das entrevistas seguiu uma abordagem fenomenológica interpretativa. Os resultados evidenciaram que a adesão a uma Igreja Evangélica, como ocorre atualmente no Brasil, re-direciona a vida familiar por meio da inclusão de um terceiro termo: Deus e/ ou a Palavra de Deus - com quem os participantes começam a "conversar" a partir de suas leituras da Bíblia. Desta forma, emergem conceitos na vida cotidiana dessas pessoas que proporcionam um "modo de vida" que permite o planejamento de metas e a emergência de um futuro desejado e planejado.Eso estudio se pregunta sobre las implicaciones del uso de la "Palabra Divina" por medio de lecturas de la Biblia en la vida cotidiana de evangélicos brasileños. Veinte entrevistas fueran realizadas con familias evangélicas de la ciudad de Salvador, Bahía, adonde se preguntó cuando y porque ocurrió la adhesión a las creencias pentecostales y cuales consecuencias esas tuvieran para la vida familiar y personal. Las entrevistas fueran analizadas según el método fenomenológico interpretativo. Los resultados mostraran que la adhesión a una Iglesia Evangélica, como ocurre hoy en el Brasil, fornece una nueva dirección la vida familiar por medio de la inclusión de un tercero término: Dios e/o la palabra de Dios - con quién los partícipes empiezan a "hablar" debido a sus intensas lecturas de la Biblia. De esa manera, algunos 'conceptos" emergen en la vida cotidiana de esas personas proporcionando un "modo de vida" que permite la planificación de metas y la emergencia de un futuro deseado y

Food resources used by three species of fish in the semi-arid region of Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Márcio J. da Silva

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Temporary and semi-permanent aquatic habitats in semi-arid Brazil have been reported as important sites supporting a diverse fish fauna. As such, they must be able to trophically sustain fish species that feed at different trophic levels. This study aims to describe the diets of Astyanax aff. bimaculatus, Hoplias malabaricus and Prochilodus brevis in aquatic systems in semi-arid Brazil, providing evidence of the importance of these habitats as supporters of large consumers like fish. The diet of the three species studied was diverse, feeding on a range of food items, from microalgae to fish. Despite that, a few items were more important to each of the study species. These results and the relatively high rates of stomach fullness indicate that a diverse and abundant food range is available in the study sites, but species seem to select some food resources. The present study provides evidence that despite being highly variable, intermittent and semi-permanent aquatic systems in semi-arid Brazil are able to trophically sustain large consumers.Os ambientes aquáticos temporários e semi-permanentes do semiárido brasileiro tem sido mostrados como importantes sítios que possuem uma diversa fauna de peixes. Desta forma, esses ambientes devem ser capazes de sustentar, do ponto de vista trófico, populações de peixes que se alimentam em diversos níveis tróficos. O presente estudo tem como objetivo descrever o hábito alimentar de Astyanax aff. bimaculatus, Hoplias malabaricus e Prochilodus brevis em ambientes aquáticos do semiárido brasileiro, fornecendo evidências da importância desses habitats para manutenção da diversidade de consumidores como os peixes. A composição da dieta das espécies estudadas foi diversificada, já que alimentaram-se de uma variedade de classes de itens, desde microalgas até peixes. Apesar disso, alguns itens foram mais importantes para cada uma das três espécies. Estes resultados, e as altas taxas de reple

Aborto na Suprema Corte: o caso da anencefalia no Brasil Abortion at the Supreme Court: the anencephaly case in Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Debora Diniz

2008-08-01

Full Text Available Este artigo analisa o desafio jurídico e ético imposto pela anencefalia ao debate sobre direitos reprodutivos no Brasil. O fio condutor da análise é a ação de anencefalia apresentada ao Supremo Tribunal Federal em 2004. O artigo demonstra como o debate sobre o aborto provoca os fundamentos constitucionais da laicidade do Estado brasileiro e expõe a fragilidade da razão pública em temas de direitos reprodutivos, em especial sobre o aborto.This paper analyses the ethical and legal challenges of the anencephaly case in Brazil. The case study is the Supreme Court case on anencephaly proposed in 2004. This paper shows how the abortion debate forces the fundamentals of the Brazilian secular state and demonstrates the weakness of the public reason to mediate reproductive rights, mainly abortion, in Brazil.

Acolhimento como prática interdisciplinar num programa de extensão universitária Shelter as an interdisciplinary practice in a university extension program

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Élida Azevedo Hennington

2005-02-01

Full Text Available O presente artigo apresenta uma reflexão sobre o Programa Interdisciplinar de Promoção e Atenção à Saúde da Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos. Trata-se de um processo inicial, exploratório, visando analisar e compreender o papel desse programa de extensão na formação dos alunos de diversos cursos dessa instituição e sua inserção como um importante locus de atenção à saúde no Município de São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, tomando como norte o processo de acolhimento, considerado uma de suas principais diretrizes. O Programa, campo de estágios e de prestação de serviços, tem como objetivo principal desenvolver práticas em saúde e envolve atualmente as áreas de conhecimento da Psicologia, Nutrição, Enfermagem, Educação Física, Saúde Coletiva, mantendo interface com o Serviço Social, o Direito e a Medicina.This article discusses the Interdisciplinary Health Promotion and Health Care Program at Vale do Rio dos Sinos University in Brazil. Beginning with an exploratory process, the study aims to analyze and comprehend the role of this community-oriented program in the education of students from different health-related disciplines at the University, as well as the program's health care role in the city of São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The central concept is that of "acolhimento" ("refuge" or "shelter". The program involves internship grants and services to the community and aims to enhance health-related practices in various fields such as Psychology, Nutrition, Nursing, Physical Education, and Collective Health, besides interfaces with Social Service, Law, and Medicine.

Retail prices of essential drugs in Brazil: an international comparison Precios minoristas de medicamentos esenciales en Brasil: comparación internacional

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Otávio de Tolêdo Nóbrega

2007-08-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVES: Price is a key obstacle for consumer access to essential drugs, especially in developing countries. This study sought to compare the retail prices of essential drugs on the private market in Brazil with that of two international pricing standards. METHODS: The retail price of all drugs on Brazil's Essential Drugs List, July 2000 edition, were compared to the retail price of the same drugs on the Swedish market and on a referential bulk-price indicator from low-cost suppliers on the international market. Ratios of Brazil's prices to Sweden's prices and Brazil's prices to the international bulk mean price-per-unit for each drug were calculated. Using linear regression analysis, the ratios were also studied in relation to the number of manufacturers. RESULTS: For the 132 drugs that were listed on both Brazil's and Sweden's lists, unitary retail prices in Brazil were 1.9 times higher. Of the 94 drugs found on both Brazil's list and the international unit-price indicator, Brazil's national mean unit prices were 13.1 more expensive. No relationship was found between the number of manufacturers for each product and the ratios of prices. CONCLUSIONS: Average retail prices of essential drugs in Brazil are significantly higher than in Sweden. Furthermore, international bulk prices indicate that drugs are brought to market by Brazil's private pharmacies at prices that may be excessively high in relation to production costs, creating high profit margins. The expected price-lowering effects of competition were not identified.OBJETIVO: Los precios constituyen un obstáculo clave para el acceso del consumidor a los medicamentos esenciales, especialmente en los países en desarrollo. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar los precios minoristas de los medicamentos esenciales en el mercado privado de Brasil con los de dos estándares internacionales de precios. MÉTHODS: Se compararon los precios minoristas de todos los medicamentos de la Lista de

Maternal mortality due to hemorrhage in Brazil Mortalidad materna en Brasil debida a hemorragia Mortalidade materna por hemorragia no Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria de Lourdes de Souza

2013-06-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: to analyze the rates of maternal mortality due to hemorrhage identified in Brazil from 1997 to 2009. Methods: the time series and population data from the Brazilian Health Ministry, Mortality Information System and Live Birth Information System were examined. From the Mortality Information System, we initially selected all reported deaths of women between 10 and 49 years old, which occurred from January 1, 1997 to December 31, 2009 in Brazil, recorded as a "maternal death". RESULTS: during the research period, 22,281 maternal deaths were identified, among which 3,179 were due to hemorrhage, accounting for 14.26% of the total deaths. The highest rates of maternal mortality were found in the North and Northeast areas of Brazil. CONCLUSIONS: the Brazilian scenario shows regional inequalities regarding maternal mortality. It presents hemorrhaging as a symptom and not as a cause of death. OBJETIVO: analizar las tasas de mortalidad materna debida a hemorragia, identificadas en Brasil durante el periodo de 1997 a 2009. MÉTODOS: fueron examinados los datos de series temporales y de población del Ministerio de la Salud de Brasil, del Sistema de Información de Mortalidad y del Sistema de Información de Nacidos Vivos. Del Sistema de Información de Mortalidad, inicialmente seleccionamos todos los informes sobre muerte de mujeres con edad entre 10 y 49 años, que ocurrieron entre el 01 de enero de 1997 y el 31 de diciembre de 2009, en Brasil, clasificadas como "muertes maternas". RESULTADOS: durante el periodo de investigación, fueron identificadas 22.281 muertes maternas, entre las cuales 3.179 se debieron a hemorragia, siendo responsables por 14,26% del total de muertes. La tasa más alta de mortalidad materna fue encontrada en las regiones Norte y Noreste de Brasil. CONCLUSIONES: el escenario brasileño muestra desigualdades regionales en lo que se refiere a mortalidad materna; este presenta la hemorragia como un síntoma y no como la

The status of the name Alysium holtingii C. Agardh, a red alga described from Brazil, and a depiction of the type specimen

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Michael J. Wynne

2008-06-01

Full Text Available The type specimen of the red alga Alysium holtingii C. Agardh, described from Brazil, is located in the Lund Herbarium, and it is depicted for the first time in a publication. It is taxonomically identical to Dichotomaria obtusata (J. Ellis and Solander Lamarck and thus can be treated as a later taxonomic synonym. Alysium is regarded as congeneric with Dichotomaria.O espécime tipo da alga vermelha Alysium holtingii C. Agardh, descrito para o Brasil, está localizado no Herbário Lund, e é aqui apresentado. Ele é taxonomicamente idêntico a Dichotomaria obtusata (J. Ellis e Solander Lamarck e portanto deve ser tratado como um sinônimo taxonômico posterior. Alysium é considerado como congenérico com Dichotomaria.

Energy in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Morato de Andrade, C.

2003-05-01

To prepare the Gross Domestic Product increase of 4 % in the next years, it is necessary to increase the capacity in Brazil. The government decided actions in favor of the installed capacity growth speeding up and planed investments. This document takes stock on the energy situation in Brazil, the human, political and geographical constraints and the decided measures in favor the energy development. (A.L.B.)

Escritas da brasilidade: subjetivação e política lusófona na documentação vernacular Writings of Brazility: subjectivation and lusophone policy in the documentation of the vernacular

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anderson Salvaterra Magalhães

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Neste trabalho, o objetivo é demonstrar como escritas sobre o Brasil fundamentam e são fundamentadas por valores determinantes dos discursos que constroem o senso de vernáculo. São analisados a "Carta" de Pero Vaz de Caminha, escrita chave para a produção do discurso da brasilidade, e o poema "Erro de português", de Oswald de Andrade, tomado como reformulação da escrita fundadora. A implicação ética do acabamento estético das duas escritas em língua portuguesa articula processos de subjetivação que definem identidades culturais possíveis e atualiza uma política linguística que confere tensão entre o caráter genitivo e locativo do vernáculo, respectivamente, do Brasil e no Brasil.The aim in this paper is to demonstrate how writing about Brazil simultaneously founds and is founded by values determinant of discourses which build the sense of a vernacular. Two documents are analyzed: Pero Vaz de Caminha's "Letter", a key piece of writing for the production of the discourse of Brazility, and Oswald de Andrade's poem "Erro de português", a reformulation of the founding piece of writing. The ethical implication of the aesthetic accomplishment of the two pieces of writing in Portuguese articulates subjectivation processes which define possible cultural identities and actualizes a language policy which conveys tension between the genitive and locative character of the vernacular, respectively, of Brazil and in Brazil.

Fauna parasitária de Leporinus lacustris e Leporinus friderici (Characiformes, Anostomidae) da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná, Brasil = Parasite fauna of Leporinus lacustris and Leporinus friderici (Characiformes, Anostomidae) from the upper Paraná river floodplain, Brazil

OpenAIRE

Gislaine Guidelli; Washington Luiz Gomes Tavechio; Ricardo Massato Takemoto; Gilberto Cezar Pavanelli

2006-01-01

Foram investigadas as faunas parasitárias de Leporinus lacustris e Leporinus friderici da planície de inundação do Alto rio Paraná, Brasil, objetivando compará-las em composição e estrutura das comunidades seguindo-se metodologias usuais no estudo dos parasitas.Foram observados alguns padrões e as faunas podem ser consideradas semelhantes em estrutura. A principal diferença nas faunas parasitárias refere-se às taxas diferenciais de utilização das espécies hospedeiras por algumas espécies para...

Eugenia e Fundação Rockefeller no Brasil: a saúde como proposta de regeneração nacional Eugenics and the Rockefeller Foundation in Brazil: health as an instrument of national regeneration

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elisabete Kobayashi

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Nas primeiras décadas do século XX, a Fundação Rockefeller atuou de modo decisivo na implementação de ações voltadas para a saúde pública no Brasil, especialmente naquilo denominado de movimento sanitarista. Nesse mesmo período, a eugenia brasileira era equivalente ao sanitarismo, onde defendia-se a máxima de que "sanear era eugenizar". Vários trabalhos discutem o movimento sanitário, a questão da saúde pública no Brasil, a Fundação Rockefeller, a eugenia e seus ativistas. Entretanto, é escassa a discussão a respeito da Rockefeller e o movimento eugenista brasileiro. É necessário alertar que embora nos deparemos com questões ligadas à raça, teorias sobre genética ou evolução, este trabalho não tem como objetivo analisar tais assuntos com profundidade. O que buscamos construir foi o cenário no qual a eugenia de maneira geral, e a brasileira, especificamente, se desenrolou trazendo à tona as posturas de alguns eugenistas brasileiros.In the first decades of the twentieth century, the work of the Rockefeller Foundation was decisive for the implementation of public health initiatives in Brazil, especially in the so-called public health movement. At that time, Brazilian eugenics was the same as public health, as expressed in the maxim "to sanitize is to eugenize". There are several studies discussing the public health movement, the issue of public health in Brazil, the Rockefeller Foundation, eugenics and its supporters. However, there is little discussion on the relationship between the Rockefeller Foundation and the Brazilian eugenics movement. It is worth to mention that although there are issues related to race, and theories on genetics and evolution, this work does not intend to examine these issues in depth. The aim was to recreate the scenario in which eugenics in general, and particularly in the Brazilian case, was developed, exposing the positions of some of the Brazilian eugenicists.

An overview on small hydro in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Filho, G.T.

2008-01-01

An overview of small-scale hydro development in Brazil was presented in the context of the Brazilian energy sector. Brazil's energy sector is currently comprised of 45 per cent renewable energy. Brazil is the tenth largest energy producer in the world, with an installed capacity of 105.986 MW. Brazil currently has an estimated 258.410 MW of hydroelectric power potential. Small hydropower (SHP) plants in Brazil are defined as plants capable of producing up to 30 MW of power, with a reservoir area smaller than 12 km 2 . It is estimated that SHP plants will provide 5 per cent of Brazil's electrical supply by 2030. SHP plants in Brazil typically use Kaplan and Pelton hydraulic turbines, as well as Michell-Banki cross-flow turbines. Hydrokinetic turbine prototypes are also being designed at the Federal University of Brazil. Researchers are currently developing a diffuser enhancement design. However, there are currently no designs available that use peripheric generators. Researchers are currently investigating the design of fish-friendly turbines as well as mobile dams. Development projects in the Amazon region were outlined. tabs., figs.

Iatrogenia e exclusão social: a loucura como objeto do discurso científico no Brasil Iatrogeny and social exclusion: madness as an object of scientific discourse in Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luís Gustavo Vechi

2004-12-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho apresenta um retrospecto histórico sobre o discurso científico a respeito da loucura no Brasil, com destaque para a evolução das noções de doença mental e de iatrogenia. O discurso manicomial, eminentemente psiquiátrico, introduziu o gerenciamento científico da loucura, a partir do final do século XIX. De meados do século XX ao final da década de 80, o discurso da saúde mental, organizado pela Psiquiatria e por outras disciplinas, como a Psicanálise, a Sociologia e a Antropologia, sob a perspectiva biopsicossocial de compreensão do homem, representou uma nova tentativa de validar o gerenciamento científico da loucura. A partir do final da década de 80, foi introduzido o discurso da desinstitucionalização que, em vez de propor uma nova validação do discurso científico no gerenciamento da loucura, indicou a necessidade de sua (desconstrução: uma radical operação epistemológica de modificação de suas concepções, como a de doença mental.This paper presents a historical retrospective on the scientific discourse about madness in Brazil, emphasizing the evolution of the notions of mental disease and of iatrogeny. The manicomial discourse, produced by Psychiatry, has introduced the scientific management of madness since the end of the 19th century. From the middle of the 20th century until the end of 1980, the discourse of mental health, organized by Psychiatry and by other disciplines, such as Psychoanalysis, Sociology and Anthropology, using a biopsychossocial understanding of man, represented a new attempt to reinforce the scientific management of madness. At the end of 1980, the deinstitutionalization discourse was introduced and, instead of proposing a new validation for the scientific discourse on madness, it indicated the necessity of its (deconstruction: a radical epistemological operation to modify some of its main notions, such as the notion of the mental disease.

PROPRIEDADES FÍSICO-QUÍMICAS DE RESÍDUOS AGROFLORESTAIS AMAZÔNICOS PARA USO COMO SUBSTRATO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Izabele Domingues Soares

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Na Amazônia, são produzidas anualmente grandes quantidades de resíduos agroflorestais, o que demanda pesquisas para avaliar a viabilidade técnica, econômica e ambiental desses materiais como, por exemplo, sua utilização como substrato na produção de mudas florestais. O objetivo do estudo foi determinar as propriedades físicas e químicas de materiais com potencial para substrato, como casca de amendoim, casca de arroz in natura, pó de serra semidecomposto, resíduo de açaí, casca de cupuaçu, casca de café, casca de coco verde e casca de castanha-do-brasil. Foram avaliados os teores totais de nitrogênio (N, Ca, K, P, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, além do pH em água, densidade, capacidade de retenção de água (CRA e relação poro/sólido.  A casca de castanha apresentou os maiores valores na maioria das características avaliadas, exceto para a capacidade de retenção de água. O resíduo que apresentou as menores quantidades de nutrientes ou baixos valores das características físicas analisadas foi o pó de serra. Palavra-chave: produção de mudas, uso agrícola, Amazônia.   PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF AMAZON AGROFORESTRY RESIDUES FOR USE AS SUBSTRATE ABSTRACT In the Amazon are produced annually large quantities of residues, which demand agroforestry research to assess the technical, economic and environmental viability of the agricultural use of these materials as, for example, a substrate for forest seedling production. The objective of this study was to determine physical and chemical properties of the following materials with potential for substrate: peanut husk, rice husk in natura, sawdust semidecomposed, açai residues, cupuassu bark, coffee husk, green coconut husk and bark of brown-of-brazil. Were evaluated total contents of N, K, Ca, P, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn; besides the pH in water, density, water retention capacity (CRA and the P/S ratio. The bark of brown-of-brazil presented the highest values for the majority of

Insalubridade, doenças e imigração: visões alemãs sobre o Brasil Unhealthiness, disease, and immigration: german views of Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Karen Macknow Lisboa

2013-03-01

Full Text Available No contexto do Império alemão até a ascensão do nazismo e o III Reich, o texto investiga o tema da insalubridade, do aclimatamento e das doenças no Brasil em escritos de viajantes de língua alemã envolvidos com a questão imigratória. Por um lado, o Brasil era considerado um país bastante adequado para imigrar - sobretudo quando comparado com a África e os EUA - , por outro, o clima e a ameaça de doenças tais como febre amarela, malária, tuberculose, verminoses, bem como pragas de insetos e animais peçonhentos, podiam afugentar imigrantes. Pergunta-se como autores de diferentes perfis - 'políticos coloniais', imigrantes, literatos em sua imigração forçada e cientistas - abordam essas 'ameaças', considerando que terão como leitores (potenciais imigrantes.In the period stretching from the birth of the German Empire through the rise of Nazism and the Third Reich, the article explores the themes of unhealthiness, acclimatization, and disease in Brazil as found in the writings of German-speaking travelers who were involved with the immigration question. On the one hand, Brazil was considered quite suitable as an immigration destination, especially in comparison to Africa and the United States; on the other, immigrants might be scared off by its climate and by the menace of diseases like yellow fever, malaria, tuberculosis, and worms, along with insect plagues and venomous animals. The question here is how authors with different profiles - 'colonial politicians,' immigrants, men of letters who were forced to emigrate, and scientists - approached these 'threats,' considering that their readers would be (potential immigrants.

Frugivoria de larvas de Neosilba McAlpine (Diptera, Lonchaeidae sobre Psittacanthus plagiophyllus Eichler (Santalales, Loranthaceae no sudoeste de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil Larval frugivory of Neosilba McAlpine (Diptera, Lonchaeidae on Psittacanthus plagiophyllus Eichler (Santalales, Loranthaceae in southwestern Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Claudenir S. Caires

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Loranthaceae são plantas hemiparasitas com distribuição geográfica mundial e representadas no Brasil por seis gêneros. Os mais importantes são Phthirusa, Psittacanthus e Struthanthus, os quais parasitam uma grande diversidade de plantas hospedeiras. Este trabalho avaliou a occurrência e a flutuação sazonal de moscas infestando os frutos de Psittacanthus plagiophyllus nos municípios de Anastácio, Aquidauana e Miranda, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil, onde ervas-de-passarinho são disseminadas. As coletas foram realizadas de junho de 1998 a julho de 2000 para obtenção de frutos maduros de P. plagiophyllus, seus insetos associados e catalogação dos seus hospedeiros. Os insetos foram criados para identificação, sendo obtidos 1.522 adultos de Neosilba spp., destes, 612 machos foram identificados a nível específico: Neosilba bifida Strikis & Prado (6 indivíduos, N. certa (Walker (26 indivíduos, N. pendula (Bezzi (16 indivíduos, N. zadolicha McAlpine & Steyskal (4 indivíduos e duas diferentes espécies: morfotipo MSP1 (478 indivíduos e morfotipo 4 (82 indivíduos. O período de mais alta infestação por Neosilba spp. ocorreu durante agosto de 1998 e de 1999 e, a espécie morfotipo MSP1 foi significativamente mais abundante que todas as outras. A morfotipo 4 foi a segunda mais abundante, diferindo significativamente de Neosilba zadolicha. Neosilba foi o único gênero de moscas frugívoras (Tephritoidea infestante dos frutos de P. plagiophyllus e comportou-se como um invasor primário neste hospedeiro.Loranthaceae are hemiparasite plants with worldwide distribuition, represented in Brazil by six genera. The most important are Phthirusa, Psittacanthus and Struthanthus that parasitize a great diversity of host plants. This paper evaluated the occurrence and the seasonal fluctuation of flies infesting the fruits of Psittacanthus plagiophyllus in the municipalities of Anastácio, Aquidauana and Miranda, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, where

Brazil's Higher Education Responses to the Global Challenges of the 21st Century. Thinking Brazil. No. 23

Science.gov (United States)

Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 2006

2006-01-01

"Thinking Brazil" is an electronic publication of the Brazil Institute. This issue of "Thinking Brazil" highlights the research of Elizabeth Balbachevsky. On July 24, 2006, Elizabeth Balbachevsky, Woodrow Wilson Center Public Policy Scholar and Associate Professor of Political Science, Universidade de Sao Paulo, presented her research on the…

Gilberto Freyre y Sérgio Buarque de Holanda: mestiçagem y cordialidade como estrategias de convivencia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Horst Nitschack

2014-12-01

Full Text Available En los años treinta del siglo XX, los autores Gilberto Freyre y Sérgio Buarque de Holanda presentaron en sus dos grandes ensayos Casa-grande & Senzala (1933 y Raízes do Brasil (1936, respectivamente, los conceptos de mestizaje y cordialidad, que contribuyeron en forma decisiva para lo que se puede entender como ‘brasileñidad’. En el presente artículo se propone leer estos dos conceptos en el contexto de la discusión sobre cuál será el papel de Brasil en el proceso de modernización y de las perspectivas y posibilidades que tiene el país para desarrollar una modernidad adecuada a sus propias condiciones históricas y culturales. Así, mestizaje y cordialidad se entienden como formas de convivencia que, a pesar de su origen problemático en la colonialidad, presentan un potencial considerable para el desarrollo de una modernidad brasileña propia. Durante os anos 30 do século XX, os autores Gilberto Freyre e Sérgio Buarque de Holanda apresentam em seus dois grandes ensaios Casa-grande & Senzala (1933 e Raízes do Brasil (1936 a ‘mestiçagem’ e a ‘cordialidade’, dois conceitos que contribuirão decisivamente ao que pode ser entendido como ‘brasilidade’. No presente artigo, se propõe uma leitura desses dois conceitos no contexto da discussão sobre qual será o papel do Brasil no processo de modernização e sobre as perspectivas e possibilidades que o país possui para desenvolver uma modernidade adequada as suas próprias condições históricas e culturais. Dessa forma, a ‘mestiçagem’ e a ‘cordialidade’ se entendem como formas de convivência que –apesar de sua origem problemática durante a colônia– tem uma potencialidade considerável para desenvolver uma modernidade brasileira própria. During the 1930s, authors Gilberto Freyre and Sergio Buarque de Holanda present in their two major works –The Masters and the Slaves (1933 and Roots of Brazil (1936– the idea of ‘miscegenation’ and �

A condicionalidade como zona conceitual

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Taísa Peres de OLIVEIRA

Full Text Available RESUMO Neste trabalho avaliam-se diferentes padrões de construções condicionais no português a partir dos parâmetros de condicionalidade. O objetivo principal é mostrar como a categoria está internamente organizada não apenas em termos de um núcleo prototípico, mas mostrando como os exemplares mais periféricos se relacionam a ele. As bases teóricas deste trabalho assentam-se sobre concepções funcional-cognitivistas, nos termos de Bybee (2010 e Dancygier (1998, especialmente considerando a relativa instabilidade da gramática e a fluidez da categoria. As reflexões principais apontam a condicionalidade como uma categoria bastante complexa que serve de/como abrigo de múltiplas construções.

An overview on small hydro in Brazil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Filho, G.T. [Federal Univ. of Itajuba (Brazil). National Reference Centre for Small Hydro

2008-07-01

An overview of small-scale hydro development in Brazil was presented in the context of the Brazilian energy sector. Brazil's energy sector is currently comprised of 45 per cent renewable energy. Brazil is the tenth largest energy producer in the world, with an installed capacity of 105.986 MW. Brazil currently has an estimated 258.410 MW of hydroelectric power potential. Small hydropower (SHP) plants in Brazil are defined as plants capable of producing up to 30 MW of power, with a reservoir area smaller than 12 km{sup 2}. It is estimated that SHP plants will provide 5 per cent of Brazil's electrical supply by 2030. SHP plants in Brazil typically use Kaplan and Pelton hydraulic turbines, as well as Michell-Banki cross-flow turbines. Hydrokinetic turbine prototypes are also being designed at the Federal University of Brazil. Researchers are currently developing a diffuser enhancement design. However, there are currently no designs available that use peripheric generators. Researchers are currently investigating the design of fish-friendly turbines as well as mobile dams. Development projects in the Amazon region were outlined. tabs., figs.

The strategic importance of the natural gas as raw material for the Camacari, Bahia, Brazil, industrial pole; A importancia estrategica do gas natural como materia-prima para o polo industrial de Camacari, BA

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Grassi, Monica Oliveira; Caruso, Carlos Alberto da Rocha; Domingues, Suzana Marques; Pereira, Antonio Constantino [Braskem S.A., Camacari, BA (Brazil). Unidade de Insumos Basicos], e-mails: monica.grassi@braskem.com.br; carlos.caruso@braskem.com.br; suzana.domingues@braskem.com.br; constantino.pereira@braskem.com.br

2008-01-15

This work emphasizes the importance and the benefit of the application of natural gas from Manati, Brazil, as raw material for the petrochemical, chemical and fertilizers industries at the Camacari industrial pole, Bahia, Brazil, allowing they are more competitive in their actuation area. Initially, it is presented the world overview as far the raw material diversification on the petrochemical processes, face the present scenery of high competitiveness and low practiced margins, according to a general view of the offer and demand of gas in Brazil and northeastern area, focusing the Manati, Bahia, Brazil, the main source of gas to the Bahia state. From this point on, a strategy of raw material flexibilization for ethene production, via gaseous route, is presented. A development of viability study for amplification and modernization of a existent unity for ethane recovering from the natural gas of Manati is presented, with quality and types of contaminant different from the original project.

Calidion bombacis, a new combination for Uredo bombacis with the record of Bombacopsisglabra (Bombacaceae as a new host from Brazil Calidion bombacis, uma nova combinação para Uredo bombacis e o relato de Bombacopsisglabra (Bombacaceae, como um novo hospedeiro no Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Meiriele da Silva

2009-03-01

Full Text Available The new combination Calidion bombacis is proposed for the rust species formerly known as Uredobombacis. This nomenclatural change is based on the examination of newly collected material of this fungus from a new host, Bombacopsisglabra from Brazil, and reexamination of the isotype. Until now this fungus was only known to occur in Asia (China, India and Sri Lanka. Therefore, this is also the first record of this fungus from the Neotropics.A combinação nova Calidion bombacis é proposta para a ferrugem anteriormente conhecida como Uredo bombacis. Esta modificação nomenclatural é proposta baseada no exame de material deste fungo coletado em um novo hospedeiro, Bombacopsisglabra (Bombacaceae no Brasil e reexame do isotipo. Até então este fungo tinha sido relatado apenas na Ásia (China, Índia e Sri Lanka. Portanto, este é o primeiro relato deste fungo nos Neotrópicos.

Brazil in the global energy world

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kim, Frank D.; Vossoughi, Shapour [University of Kansas (KU), KS (United States)

2012-07-01

Brazil is the 10th largest energy consumer in the world and the third largest in the Western Hemisphere, behind the United States and Canada. Total primary energy consumption in Brazil has increased significantly in recent years; and over the past decade, Brazil has made great strides in increasing its total energy production, particularly oil. Brazil has the second-largest crude oil reserves in South America (behind Venezuela), and is one of the fastest growing oil producers in the world. According to United States Energy Information Administration (EIA), Brazil had 12.2 billion barrels of proven oil reserves in 2008. In 2007, Brazil's state owned Petroleo Brasileiro S.A. (PETROBRAS) announced that it had discovered an estimated 5-8 billion barrels of recoverable reserves (including both oil and natural gas) in the Tupi field, located in the Santos Basin. In 2008, subsequent discoveries were announced, to include Jupiter and Carioca (aka Sugar Loaf). Although PETROBRAS has yet to confirm the size of the discoveries, some industry analysts estimate the total extent of recoverable oil and natural gas reserves in the entire pre-salt layer have approached 40 to 80 billion barrels of oil equivalent. The reserves occur below a salt zone that is estimated to be 7,000 meters below the ocean surface. However, Brazil faces many challenges to recover the hydrocarbons to include technical, political, fiscal, and infrastructure hurdles. In spite of the challenges ahead, these discoveries transformed the nature and focus of Brazil's oil industry, economy, and future; and the potential impact of the pre-salt discoveries upon world oil markets is vast. The purpose of this paper is to discuss how the recent discoveries will affect Brazil's future and the impact it will have on the global energy world. (author)

Novas raças, novas doenças: a possibilidade colonizadora por meio da mistura racial em History of Brazil (1810-1819 de Robert Southey

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Flávia Florentino Varella

Full Text Available Resumo A possibilidade de o clima alterar o temperamento de pessoas não nativas de determinada região era crença difundida desde antes do descobrimento da América. As mudanças de ar, temperatura e alimentação, acreditava-se, poderiam contribuir decisivamente para a degeneração ou o florescimento das raças. No Novo Mundo, as raças negra, europeia e indígena foram mescladas, reconfigurando doenças europeias. Exploro neste artigo como, na avaliação do historiador Robert Southey, essa mistura de raças foi tida como bastante positiva, principalmente a do indígena com a do português, que gerava o mameluco. Os paulistas, que eram mamelucos, foram apresentados em History of Brazil como herdeiros do temperamento empreendedor português e da infatigabilidade indígena.

El trabajo de campo como proceso. La "etnografía colaborativa" como perspectiva analítica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Leticia Katzer

2011-10-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo contiene una serie de reflexiones elaboradas al poner en diálogo experiencias de campo en el marco de investigaciones individuales; una, con indígenas adscriptos como Huarpes, en el noreste de la provincia de Mendoza; la otra, con indígenas adscriptos como Qom. Éstas reflexiones intentan contribuir a desnaturalizar y visibilizar la complejidad de los contextos de interacción, considerando que abarcan distintas dimensiones y aspectos —tales como posición de los interlocutores en la estructura social, expectativas individuales, experiencias y relaciones previas de los sujetos, y recursos materiales y simbólicos en intermediación—, enfatizando así el carácter situacional y dinámico de esas relaciones de interlocución.A la luz de los actuales debates de la crítica cultural y en un intento por contribuir a los estudios de la Etnografía Colaborativa, el objetivo de este artículo es exponer y describir comparativamente lo que entendemos como performances de campo, situando como objeto de análisis la experiencia etnográfica en sí misma. Entendiendo el trabajo etnográfico como proceso y texto, identificamos tres grandes nudos críticos, reunidos en tres escenas etnográficas, que analizamos como una red multisituada de mediaciones e interrelaciones.

O livro didático como mercadoria The textbook as commodity

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kazumi Munakata

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Para Marx, a mercadoria é a principal categoria para o entendimento do capitalismo. Mediadora das relações sociais, ela é, antes, uma coisa que serve para realizar as necessidades do ser humano. Num regime baseado na troca, o valor de uso da mercadoria, que se refere à sua utilidade para satisfazer essas necessidades, aparece também como suporte material do valor de troca, pelo qual as mercadorias são trocadas no mercado. Com o livro didático não é diferente. Como valor de uso, satisfaz as necessidades de certa expectativa dita educacional, mas, para realizar a satisfação dessas necessidades, subordina-se ao valor de troca e às suas determinações. O presente artigo busca traçar historicamente essa duplicidade do livro didático, com ênfase na sua configuração no Brasil.For Marx, commodity is the main category for understanding capitalism. Mediator of social relations, it is rather a thing that serves to satisfy some human needs. In a system based on the exchange, the use-value of the commodity, which refers to its usefulness to satisfy those needs, also appears as a material support for the exchange value whereby commodities are exchanged in the market. The textbook is not different. As use-value, it satisfies the needs of some educational expectations, but in order to meet those needs it is subordinated to the exchange-value and its determinations. This article examines historically the twofold character of the textbook, with emphasis on its configuration in Brazil.

The scaly tree ferns (Cyatheaceae-Polypodiopsida of Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anna Weigand

2016-01-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACT A synopsis of all scaly tree fern species (Cyatheaceae occurring in Brazil is presented. We recognize 51 species in three genera [Sphaeropteris one species, Alsophila four species (one subspecies, two varieties, and Cyathea 45 species (one variety ] with 17 taxa being endemic to Brazil. One hybrid endemic to Brazil is recognized. Further included are five species that have not yet been recorded in Brazil, but are expected here because they are found in adjacent countries and occur literally on the border with Brazil. We present the first key covering the family for the whole territory of Brazil.

The effects of tariffs on the whole milk powder trade between Brazil and Argentina: a game theoretic analysis Efeitos de tarifas no comércio de leite em pó entre o Brasil e a Argentina: uma análise com teoria dos jogos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gabriel Leão Oliveira

2008-08-01

Full Text Available In this paper we analyzed the effects of tariffs on the whole milk powder trade between Brazil and Argentina from 1990 to 2004. The methodology included estimation of whole milk powder demands for Brazil and Argentina as monopolists, members of Mercosul, and world exporters; and simulation of Cournot games considering the trade of this product under alternative tariff policies. The results show that although the tariff impositions create trade distortions, this kind of policy was important to protect Brazil against illegal practices of trade and to increase its competitiveness against traditional international competitors.Neste artigo, analisaram-se os efeitos de tarifas no comércio de leite em pó entre o Brasil e a Argentina, no período de 1990 a 2004. A metodologia utilizada inclui a estimativa da demanda de leite em pó para o Brasil e a Argentina como monopolistas, como membros do Mercosul e como exportadores mundiais, e a simulação de jogos de Cournot, considerando o comércio deste produto sob diferentes políticas alternativas de tarifas. Os resultados obtidos mostram que, embora a imposição de tarifas tenha criado distorções no comércio de leite em pó, este tipo de política foi importante para proteger o Brasil contra práticas ilegais de comércio e aumentar sua competitividade frente a competidores internacionais tradicionais.

Hoy como ayer

OpenAIRE

Rodríguez M.

2010-01-01

Leyendo el artículo titulado “Los medicamentos baratos” de la revista La Farmacia Española, publicada en Madrid el jueves 21 de diciembre de 1893, uno se pregunta cómo puede ser que se reconozca la situación como si fuera de ahora mismo, cómo puede ser que estemos igual que hace más de cien años. Entonces eran los descuentos que se empezaban a extender en las farmacias, francesas sobre todo, y que amenazaban el prestigio profesional de todo el colectivo. Con frases como éstas se define la sit...

Doenças da mandioquinha-salsa e sua situação atual no Brasil Present situation of arracacha (Arracacia xanthorrhiza diseases in Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gilmar P. Henz

2002-06-01

Full Text Available Este artigo tem como objetivo principal relatar as doenças registradas para a mandioquinha-salsa até a data presente e descrever sua situação atual no País. Na literatura, foram registrados para a cultura 27 gêneros de fungos, três de bactérias, doze de nematóides e cinco espécies de vírus. Destes, já foram relatados no Brasil treze fungos, e todos nematóides e bactérias, enquanto nenhum vírus foi oficialmente registrado, embora já tenham sido observadas plantas com sintomas típicos de viroses a campo. A maior parte dos registros estão na forma de resumos, capítulos de livros ou publicações genéricas, desprovidos de uma série de dados relevantes, como provas de patogenicidade, importância da doença, perdas, identificação mais acurada, entre outras. A cultura da mandioquinha-salsa ainda é tida como rústica, sendo poucas as doenças consideradas limitantes. O nematóide das galhas (Meloidogyne spp. e a podridão-mole pós-colheita causada por Erwinia spp. são os principais problemas atualmente, e causam perdas significativas. Também ocorrem com muita frequência manchas foliares causadas por Septoria, Cercospora e Xanthomonas campestris pv. arracaciae, e em algumas regiões podridão de plantas a campo causadas por Sclerotinia sclerotiorum e Sclerotium rolfsii. Como não existe nenhum produto químico oficialmente registrado para a mandioquinha-salsa no Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, as medidas de controle passíveis de recomendação incluem ações preventivas, como o uso de material propagativo sadio (preferencialmente mudas pré-enraizadas de origem conhecida, a adoção de rotação de culturas, a eliminação de plantas ou partes doentes, e a adubação e a irrigação adequadas. O estudo sistematizado das doenças e o registro cuidadoso de surtos ou novas enfermidades para a cultura são importantes para subsidiar futuras medidas de controle.The diseases of arracacha that have already

Faunistic survey of sandstone caves from Altinópolis region, São Paulo State, Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Douglas Zeppelini Filho

2003-01-01

Full Text Available The fauna of eight sandstone caves of the region of Altinópolis, (Serra Geral Arenitic Speleological province, São Paulo State, Southeastern Brazil was surveyed. Our results improve the previous faunistic knowledge of the region, recording 15 new occurrences for Brazilian caves and 26 for Brazilian sandstone caves. The fauna is characterized by a large number of detritivores/omnivores such as crickets and cockroaches, and several predators like spiders and heteropterans in bat guano.A fauna de oito cavernas areníticas da região de Altinópolis (província espeleológica arenítica da Serra Geral, Estado de São Paulo, Sudeste do Brasil foi amostrada. Nossos resultados aumentaram o conhecimento faunístico prévio da região, com o registro de 15 novas ocorrências para cavernas brasileiras e 26 para cavernas brasileiras em arenito. A fauna é caracterizada por um grande número de detritívoros/carnívoros tais como grilos e baratas, diversos predadores tais como aranhas e heterópteros no guano de morcego.

Brazil is a country of “balangandãs” (swaying ornaments in French imaginary O Brasil é um país de “balangandãs” no imaginário francês

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maranúbia Barbosa

2006-12-01

Full Text Available This article explains how the French have built a distorted image of Brazil in their imaginary. Such image was built long before, based on French travelers reports and even Brazilian historians. For the French, Brazil is a country of balangandãs, plenty of festivals, bronzed female mulattoes, carnival and football. In 2005, there was the Year of Brazil in France and the event organizers insisted on exhibiting stereotyped images (clichés of Brazil.Este artigo mostra como os franceses construíram uma imagem distorcida do Brasil em seu imaginário. Essa imagem foi construída, desde os primórdios, a partir de relatos de viajantes franceses e mesmo de historiadores brasileiros. Para os franceses, o Brasil é um país de balangandãs, muita festa, gente alegre, sol o ano inteiro, mulatas bronzeadas, carnaval e futebol. Em 2005, aconteceu o Ano do Brasil na França e a organização do evento insistiu em exibir imagens estereotipadas (clichês do Brasil.

Parasites as biological tags for the discrimination of marine fish stocks in Brazil: current status and perspectives

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Iris Aparecida Soares

2016-11-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACT. Soares I.A. & Luque J.L. [Parasites as biological tags for the discrimination of marine fish stocks in Brazil: current status and perspectives.] Parasitos como marcadores biológicos para discriminação de estoques de peixes marinhos no Brasil: estado atual e perspectivas. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, 38(supl. 3:99-113, 2016. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR 465 Km 7, Seropédica, RJ 23890-000, Brasil. E-mail: luqueufrrj@gmail.com The global state of marine fisheries and its effects endanger the future of fishery resources, which may result in extinction of several species as well as threatening the overall integrity of the ecosystems. As the fish consumption growths, marine fishing and related market activities are stimulated increasing the incidence of threatened or exploited species. Aiming the future sustainability, fishery inventories need to be properly identified as a tool for implementation of more efficient policies on the management and conservation of the natural resources. Thus, by the high heterogeneity observed in the Atlantic coast of Brazil as well as the lack of related studies using this tool, the country represents great potential for the use of this technique, to improve our knowledge of local fishing resources. Therefore, the present study highlights the use of parasites as biological markers on identifying fish populations through robust statistical analysis, which represents an efficient and low cost approach and the lack of similar studies in Brazil showing the need of more research efforts on this subject in Brazil.

Os romances sentimentais na cultura tecnológica: um estudo de como viver junto o lazer e o amor no século XXI

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cristina Silva

2008-10-01

Full Text Available O artigo tem como objetivo verificar as similaridades e as diferenças de tratamento da temática amorosa a fim de constatar as mudanças nas representações e significados do amor para as mulheres. Para tanto, compara-se o contexto sociocultural da década de 1980 com o do início do século XXI. Com esse intuito, o corpus da pesquisa são os romances sentimentais da editora Nova Cultural e da Harlequin Books, distribuídos atualmente no Brasil tanto pela mídia impressa como pela internet. A análise possibilita verificar as estratégias de abordagem da temática desde o surgimento dos primeiros romances desta espécie no Brasil, em 1978, até o “encontro digital” das apreciadoras desse tipo de literatura na web, bem como suas implicações na cultura contemporânea que busca o desejo de “viver junto” o amor. Palavras-chave: Amor; cultura contemporânea; romances sentimentais; web. ABSTRACT This text aims to verify the similarities and differences in the use of loverelated themes in order to observe the changes in representations and meanings of love to women. To do so the 1980’s sociocultural context is compared to its correspondent in the early 21st century. With this goal, the research’s core are the sentimental romance books from Nova Cultural publishing house and Harlequin Books, available in Brazil both in print and through the Internet. The analysis enables the verification of the theme approach strategies since their first publication in Brazil, in 1978, up to the “digital gathering” of fans of such literature on the web, as well as their implications in today´s culture which endeavors to “live love together”. Keywords: Love; contemporary culture; sentimental novels; web.

Hortaliças como alimentos funcionais Vegetable crops as functional food

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Patrícia G B de Carvalho

2006-12-01

Full Text Available Embora remonte às origens da civilização, a relação entre alimentação e saúde nunca foi tão estreita quanto nos dias de hoje. Dietas ricas em gordura, sal e açúcar e pobres em carboidratos complexos, vitaminas e minerais, aliadas a um estilo de vida mais sedentário, são responsáveis pelo aumento de doenças ligadas à dieta, tais como obesidade, diabetes, problemas cardiovasculares, hipertensão, osteoporose e câncer. Há muito tempo acredita-se que o consumo de frutas e hortaliças auxilia na prevenção destas doenças. As hortaliças são um importante componente da dieta, sendo tradicionalmente servidas junto com um alimento protéico e um carboidrato. Elas fornecem não apenas variedade de cor e textura às refeições, mas também nutrientes importantes. As hortaliças têm pouca gordura e calorias, relativamente pouca proteína, mas são ricas em carboidratos e fibras e fornecem níveis significativos de micronutrientes à dieta. Além disso, elas possuem compostos funcionais, que beneficiam uma ou mais funções orgânicas, além da nutrição básica, contribuindo para melhorar o estado de saúde e bem-estar e/ou reduzir o risco de doenças. O desenvolvimento de cultivares mais ricas nestes compostos tem se consolidado como um dos principais focos dos modernos programas de melhoramento genético de hortaliças. Vários destes programas, trabalhando com diferentes hortaliças, estão em andamento no Brasil e no mundo visando aumentar os teores e diversificar os tipos de carotenóides presentes na dieta. Neste trabalho são discutidos os principais aspectos relacionados às hortaliças como alimentos funcionais, bem como são detalhados os principais avanços obtidos nesta área no melhoramento de cenoura e tomate no Brasil.Although a very old concept, the relationship between food and health has never been as close as it is today. Diets rich in fat, salt, and sugar and poor in complex carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals

O calendário republicano e a festa cívica do descobrimento do Brasil em 1890: versões de história e militância positivista The republican calendar and the civic celebration of the discovery of Brazil in 1890: versions of history and positivist activism

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elisabete da Costa Leal

2006-01-01

Full Text Available O texto aborda como os membros da Igreja Positivista do Brasil - IPB -, e alguns políticos aliados, se envolveram na proposição do Decreto 155-B de 14 de janeiro de 1890, que estabeleceu o calendário republicano de feriados oficiais, e como se empenharam para consolidá-lo na cultura política da Primeira República. Exemplifica-se tal movimento por meio da análise da festa de 3 de maio de 1890, decretada como o feriado em celebração do descobrimento do Brasil.The paper concerns about not only the involvement of Positivist Church of Brazil members and some allied politicians in proposing Decree 155-B from January 14, 1890, which has established the republican calendar of official holidays, but also their efforts to consolidate it in the political culture of the First Republic. This movement is exemplified through an analysis of the celebration of May 3, 1890, which was decreed a holiday in celebration of the discovery of Brazil.

Preferência alimentar, efeito da planta hospedeira e da densidade larval na sobrevivência e desenvolvimento de Dione juno juno (Cramer (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae Feeding preference, host-plant and larval density effects on survivorship and growth rates of Dione juno juno (Cramer (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vidica Bianchi

2005-03-01

Full Text Available Dez espécies de passifloraceas ocorrentes no Rio Grande do Sul foram avaliadas em relação à preferência alimentar e performance larval de Dione juno juno (Cramer, 1779 (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae: Passifora alata Dryander, 1781; P. amethystina Mikan, 1820; P. caerulea Linnaeus, 1753; P. capsularis Linnaeus, 1753; P. edulis Sims, 1818; P. elegans Masters, 1872; P. misera Humbold, Bonpland et Kunth, 1817; P. suberosa Linnaeus, 1753; P. tenuifila Killip, 1927 e P. warmingii Masters, 1872. O efeito da densidade larval na performance foi também testado em P. edulis: grupos de uma, duas, quatro, oito, dezesseis, trinta e duas, e sessenta e quatro larvas. A preferência das larvas foi avaliada com base em teste utilizando-se discos foliares, com e sem chance de escolha. As larvas obtiveram maior sobrevivência em P. misera, P. tenuifila e P. edulis. Nenhuma sobreviveu em P. alata, P. capsularis, P. amesthystina, P. suberosa e P. warmingii. As larvas escolheram P. edulis nos testes com chance de escolha. Ingeriram quantidades semelhantes de P. tenuifila, P. misera e P. caerulea nos testes sem chance de escolha. A taxa de crescimento larval e o tamanho dos adultos foi maior quando criadas em P. misera, quando comparado com P. edulis. A sobrevivência foi significativamente reduzida nos grupos com uma, duas e quatro larvas, o que pode explicar em parte o comportamento gregário desta espécie. Concluiu-se que poucas espécies de passifloráceas além de P. edulis podem constituir-se em hospedeiras potenciais de D. juno juno no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Numa perspectiva ecológica, no entanto, muitas destas hospedeiras alternativas apresentam limitações a respeito de sua adequabilidade, tamanho ou abundância da planta.Ten passion vine species from Rio Grande do Sul were evaluated regarding larval feeding preference and performance of Dione juno juno (Cramer, 1779: Passifora alata Dryander, 1781; P. amethystina Mikan, 1820; P. caerulea Linnaeus

Por uma epistemologia do estranhamento, ou como interpretar em situações de limiaridade

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rosamaria Rocha

2008-09-01

Full Text Available Tomando como referência epistemológica efeitos provocados pela violência contemporânea, discursiva e midiatizada, o artigo problematiza lugares possíveis a serem ocupados pelas teorias da comunicação diante da violência como fato social demarcado por incessantes processos de simbolização. Propõe, neste sentido, a possibilidade de uma narrativa sobre a violência que toma por inspiração o princípio lyotardiano da anamnese, defendendo, igualmente, sua localização em uma linhagem teórica ancorada no pensamento crítico. Propõe, finalmente, identificar dinâmicas de consumo cultural que, no Brasil, sinalizam reapropriações de cenas de violência, seja para afirmá-la, seja para contestá-la ou contrapô-la. Palavras-chave: Violência; comunicação; consumo. Abstract Taking as an epistemological reference the effects of contemporary violence, both discursive and mediated, the article focuses on communication theories, considering among other facts the symbolic forms with which social violence is constructed. It postulates, in this direction, the possibilityof a narrative that takes for inspiration lyotard’s principle of anamnese, defending, equally, its localization in the theoretical framework of critical theory. Finally, intends to identify some dynamics of cultural consumption that, in Brazil, signal re-appropriations of violence scenes, either to affirm or contest it. Keywords: Violence; communication; consumption.

A voz do Brasil: Miguel Pereira e o discurso sobre o "imenso hospital" The voice of Brazil: Miguel Pereira and his speech on the "enormous hospital"

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dominichi Miranda de Sá

2009-07-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho reproduz e comenta importante fonte primária muito citada nos estudos em história da saúde no Brasil, mas pouco conhecida em sua integralidade. Trata-se do discurso do médico Miguel Pereira, proferido em outubro de 1916, e no qual se referiu à zona rural do país como 'um imenso hospital'. A interpretação consagrada dessa fonte é a de que sua repercussão teve persistente e decisiva influência em políticas públicas de saúde na primeira metade do século XX. Neste texto, aprofundo o conhecimento das circunstâncias históricas que geraram a elaboração dessa expressão-síntese dos 'males do Brasil', sobretudo no que se refere às discussões, então em curso, a respeito do recrutamento militar obrigatório e do Exército como 'escola de civismo'.The article reproduces and comments on an important primary source that is often cited in studies on Brazil's history of health but which few are familiar with in its entirety: the October 1916 speech by physician Miguel Pereira, in which he referred to rural Brazil as an "enormous hospital." The standard interpretation is that this source had a steady, decisive influence on public health policies in the first half of the twentieth century. In this text, I endeavor to deepen our knowledge of the historical circumstances which produced this expression that synthesized the 'evils of Brazil', especially in regard to the era's discussion of mandatory military recruitment and of the army as a 'civics school'.

O Brasil está envelhecendo: boas e más notícias por uma perspectiva epidemiológica Brazil is aging: good and bad news from an epidemiological perspective

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Regiane Garrido

2002-04-01

Full Text Available O envelhecimento mundial é um fenômeno que tem sido muito discutido na última década. O rápido processo de envelhecimento observado nos países em desenvolvimento, como o Brasil, ainda não tem sido suficientemente estudado para fornecer os elementos necessários ao desenvolvimento de políticas adequadas para essa parcela da população. O objetivo deste artigo é atualizar os leitores sobre o atual perfil do idoso no Brasil, dando destaque aos problemas de esfera da saúde mental. Além disto, pretende, pelos dados apresentados, discutir como os profissionais envolvidos no atendimento do paciente idoso podem ampliar e melhorar sua atuação.The world's population is under an aging process, and this demographic revolution is now affecting developing countries such as Brazil. The dramatic increase in the number of older adults observed in the last few years has had significant implications in health planning and delivery of health services, including mental health. This study reviews the current demographic profile of elderly population and its consequences for the practice of psychiatry and organization of mental health services in Brazil.

OUT Success Stories: Rural Electrification in Brazil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Strawn, N.

2000-08-31

The United States and Brazil are collaborating to bring electricity to some 5 million households in rural Brazil. Over the next decade, there is a potential to install approximately 500 megawatts (MW) of solar home systems and 1000 MW of community systems, bringing light to households, schools, and health clinics throughout rural Brazil.

Brazil and CERN get closer

CERN Multimedia

2002-01-01

The map of countries affiliated to CERN may in future include Brazil. On a visit to CERN last week, the Brazilian Minister of State for Science and Technology, Ronaldo Mota Sardenberg, expressed his country's interest in closer links to the Laboratory.   Luciano Maiani and the Brazilian Minister of State for Science and Technology Ronaldo Mota Sardenberg shake hands on CERN-Brazil co-operation. During his visit, the Minister and CERN Director General Luciano Maiani issued a joint statement for the continuation of a Co-operation Agreement first established in 1990. They also agreed to study the possibility of Brazil joining CERN-led Grid computing infrastructure projects. Brazilian physicists are already involved in the LHCb, ATLAS and CMS experiments. At the conclusion of the Minister's visit, he and Director-General Maiani agreed to establish a Working Group to examine ways of strengthening Brazil's links with CERN, and to prepare the way for a Brazilian request to CERN Council to become an Observer at th...

Las leyendas regionales como intangibles territoriales

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eloy Martos Núñez

2015-01-01

Full Text Available El artículo examina el concepto de leyenda como intangible territorial en diversas escalas, desde la local a la regional o nacional, y su relación con la construcción de mitos étnicos y la emergencia de tradiciones translocales. Para ello, se revisan la metodología de los estudios corográficos y las nociones de ecotipo y de paisaje cultural, así como la etnografía de los territorios simbólicos a la luz de conceptos como el clásico «témenos» y modernos como el «mytho-moteur» (Abadal, 1958. Se aplican estudios de casos que evidencian cómo es el Imaginario, en interacción con factores geohistóricos del lugar, el que a menudo acota y perimetrea un territorio a través de cauces como la fabulación legendaria y los ritos paralitúgicos, como procesiones o peregrinaciones. La conclusión es que las leyendas y los arquetipos de origen étnico y genealógico reescriben tradiciones que crean identidades y se pueden proyectar en ámbitos diferentes de la vida política o recreativa, con perfiles igualmente diferentes.

Esposas como principais provedoras de renda familiar Esposas como principales proveedoras de la renta familiar Wives as the main household earners

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Izabel Guimarães Marri

2007-06-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho procura discutir um aspecto ainda pouco explorado do papel da mulher na formação dos rendimentos familiares, que é a situação na qual as esposas obtêm, no mercado de trabalho, rendimentos superiores aos de seus cônjuges. Além da descrição de características demográficas e socioocupacionais destas mulheres e de seus cônjuges, procura-se discutir as seguintes questões: como algumas das características observadas estão correlacionadas com a probabilidade de as famílias terem as esposas como principais provedoras; a não reversão dos padrões tradicionais de divisão do trabalho, já que a mulher mantém um número de horas muito maior do que seus cônjuges nas tarefas domésticas, mesmo quando é a principal provedora financeira do casal; e os diferenciais no rendimento médio de maridos e esposas provedores e a decomposição deste diferencial entre o que pode ser atribuído às características produtivas de ambos os grupos e o que é geralmente chamado de discriminação.Este trabajo procura discutir un aspecto aún poco explorado del papel de la mujer en la formación de los rendimientos familiares, que es la situación en la cual las esposas obtienen, en el mercado de trabajo, rendimientos superiores a los de sus cónyuges. Además de la descripción de características demográficas y socio-ocupacionales de estas mujeres y de sus cónyuges, se busca discutir los siguientes aspectos: como algunas de las características observadas están correlacionadas con la probabilidad de que las familias tengan a las esposas como principales proveedoras; la no reversión de los estándares tradicionales de división del trabajo, ya que la mujer dedica un número de horas mucho mayor que sus cónyuges a las tareas domésticas, aún cuando es la principal proveedora financiera de la pareja; los diferenciales en el rendimiento promedio de maridos y esposas proveedores y la descomposición de este diferencial entre lo que puede

The role of the State in land reform processes: the case of Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elisa Botella Rodríguez

2009-12-01

Full Text Available El propósito de este artículo es estudiar el proceso de reforma agrarian en Latinoamérica y caracterizar el caso de Brasil, por esta razón voy a exponer una visión general del proceso y el rol de los gobiernos durante el siglo XX acorde al punto de vista de organizaciones internacionales como el Banco Mundial o el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo. Como punto a añadir al objetivo de mi investigación está el explicar en términos generales y únicamente con un análisis teórico el proceso de reforma agraria y, por esta razón, me gustaría mostrar las mejores normas a fin de poner en práctica esta clase de política de acuerdo a la difícil situación del punto de salida. Finalmente, la presencia de Brasil será tomada para demostrar las importantes implicaciones de los movimientos sociales para llevar a cabo los procesos de reforma agraria.____________________ABSTRACT:The purpose of my article is to study land reform processes in Latin America and characterise the case of Brazil, for this reason I am going to expound a general vision of the process and the role of Governments during the 20th century according to the point of view of International Organizations like The World Bank or The Inter-American Development Bank. In addition the objective of my research is explaining in general terms and only with a theoretical analysis land reform processes and, for this reason, I would like to show the best norms in order to put in practise this kind of policy according to the difficult situation of the starting point. Finally the instance of Brazil will be undertaken to demonstrate the main implications of social movements in order to make land reform processes.

Effect factors for terrestrial acidification in Brazil

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Crespo Mendes, Natalia; Laurent, Alexis; Hauschild, Michael Zwicky

conditions, which is an essential approach considering countries like Brazil, with high biodiversity. Previous studies have assessed the impacts of terrestrial acidification from the estimations of the potential losses of vascular plants species richness as a result of exposure to acidifying substances...... for 13 biomes, with 2409 species addressed for whole world. In this context this work aims to provide spatially-differentiated effect factors (EF) for terrestrial acidification in Brazil and support the development of spatially-differentiated characterization factors for Brazil. In order to maintain...... in Brazil, represented by 33167 species, indicating that this is a comprehensive study. Maps of soil pH in Brazil were extracted at 1-km resolution and pH values were extracted for the depth range of 0-30cm. For each ecoregion, species richness was plotted against soil pH and the exposure-response curves...

All about neosporosis in Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Camila Koutsodontis Cerqueira-Cézar

2017-08-01

Full Text Available Abstract Neospora caninum is protozoan parasite with domestic and wild dogs, coyotes and grey wolves as the definitive hosts and many warm-blooded animals as intermediate hosts. It was cultivated and named in 1988. Neosporosis is a major disease of cattle and has no public health significance. Since 1990’s N. caninum has emerged as a major cause of abortion in cattle worldwide, including in Brazil. N. caninum also causes clinical infections in several other animal species. Considerable progress has been made in understanding the biology of N. caninum and there are more than 200 papers on this subject from Brazil. However, most of the reports on neosporosis from Brazil are serological surveys. Overall, little is known of clinical neosporosis in Brazil, particularly cattle. The few reports pertain to sporadic cases of abortion with no information on epidemics or storms of abortion. The objective of the present review is to summarize all reports from Brazil and suggest topic for further research, including prevalence of N. caninum oocysts in soil or in canine feces, and determining if there are additional definitive hosts, other than the domestic dog. There is need for a national survey in cattle using defined parameters. Future researches should focus on molecular characterization of N. caninum strains, possibility of vaccine production and relationship between wildlife and livestock epidemiology.

Visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mary Marcondes

2013-10-01

Full Text Available Visceral leishmaniasis (VL is among the most important vector-borne diseases that occur in Brazil, mainly due to its zoonotic nature. It is currently present in almost all Brazilian territory, and its control is a challenge both for veterinarians and for public health officials. The etiologic agent is Leishmania infantum (syn chagasi, and the main vector in Brazil is Lutzomyia longipalpis. Of all animals identified as reservoirs of VL, the dog is considered the most important domestic reservoir. Although the disease has already been identified in cats, the epidemiological role of this animal species is still unclear. This article presents a brief review of the epidemiological situation of the disease, its mode of transmission, clinical features in dogs and cats as well as possible risk factors associated with the occurrence of the disease in Brazil.

La razonabilidad como virtud

OpenAIRE

Muñoz Oliveira, Luis Humberto

2008-01-01

Consultable des del TDX Títol obtingut de la portada digitalitzada Esta tesis doctoral explora la idea de que la razonabilidad es una virtud fundamental para que las sociedades plurales puedan convertirse en, o mantenerse como, un sistema de cooperación donde la justicia sea posible. La hipótesis central es que la razonabilidad como virtud es una manera de ser tolerante de forma solidaria, es entender al conciudadano, escucharlo, saber que juntos acordaron las reglas de cooperación y ac...

Josep Beuys : el arte como creencia y como salvación

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María López Ruido

1995-01-01

Full Text Available Joseph Beuys, nacido en Cléveris (Renania del Norte-Westfalia en 1921 y faliecido en Dusseldorf en 1986, posee una obra madura casi desde un primer momento. Superficialmente podríamos verla como el canto a sí mismo de un gran narcisista, donde sus experiencias y su persona son los grandes protagonistas. En una lectura más profunda, estos hechos personales no son más que el medio para ir más allá del yo y dar lugar a una creación plástica de trascendencia social. Tras la 2- Guerra Mundial, en la que lucha como piloto de la Luftwaffe, estudia en la Academia de Bellas Artes de Dusseldorf. Será a partir de los años 60 cuando encontremos al auténtico Beuys, escultor objetual e instalador, el creador de la plástica social, y desde sus contactos con Fluxus en 1962, el Beuys accionista. En los 70, se nos presenta el artista más claramente politizado. La educación, la incidencia social del arte, el arte como «tercera vía o vía alternativa» entre socialismo y capitalismo, la ecología serán sus materiales de trabajo.

Properties of Brazil nuts: A review

African Journals Online (AJOL)

aghomotsegin

2015-02-25

Feb 25, 2015 ... approaches different technologies applied in the Brazil nut products process. Key words: ... forest and adjacent areas in Brazil, Bolivia, Peru (Ferreira et al., 2011). ... ''Scientific evidence suggests”, but does not prove, that.

FY16 Brazil Country Opinion Survey Report

OpenAIRE

World Bank Group

2016-01-01

The Country Opinion Survey in Brazil assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in gaining a better understanding of how stakeholders in Brazil perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Brazil on 1) their views regarding the general environment in Bra...

La universidad como organización

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luis Aurelio Ordoñez Burbano

2001-07-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo versa sobre la unviersidad como organización y tiene como objetivo hacer una reflexión sobre la misión de la universidad colombiana en el marco de diversos entornos. Como punto de partida, se propone una precisión sobre la misión de la universidad moderna y la investigación, a diferencia de la universidad colonial y decimonónica limitada a la divulgación de conocimientos preexistentes.

Present trophic conditions of the Como and Lecco basins of lake Como; Attuali condizioni trofiche dei bacini di Como e Lecco del Lario

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mosello, R.; Brizzio, M.C. [Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Verbania (Italy). Ist. Italiano di Idrobiologia; Garibaldi, L. [Milan Univ. La Bicocca, Milan (Italy). Dipt. di Scienze dell' Ambiente; Buzzi, P. [Azienda Sanitaria Locale, Lecco (Italy). Unita' Operativa Fisica e Tutela Ambiente; Colzani, L.; Pizzotti, E. [Azienda Sanitaria Locale, Como (Italy). Unita' Operativa Chimica; Mocellin, D. [Azienda Sanitaria Locale, Sondrio (Italy). Unita' Operativa Chimica

1999-12-01

Monthly measurements of temperature, water chemistry and phytoplankton performed from september 1997 to August 1998 in lake basins close the towns of Como and Lecco (Italy) are presented and discussed. Chemical variables show a high trophic level in both stations, more pronounced in the Como station due to unfavourable hydrological conditions and to urban and industrial sources of pollution, which show the predominance of Oscillatoria rubescens. [Italian] Il presente lavoro riporta i risultati di un'indagine condotta con campionamenti mensili dal settembre 1997 all'agosto 1998 nei bacini di Como e Lecco. Le variabili chimiche analizzate evidenziano, per entrambe le stazioni considerate, un elevato livello di trofia piu' pronunciato nella stazione di Come a causa di sfavorevoli condizioni idrologiche e per la presenza di sorgenti di inquinamento urbano e industriale, confermato dalla predominanza di Oscillatoria rubescens.

El Derecho como argumentación

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Atienza, Manuel

1999-11-01

Full Text Available Not available

Frente a las concepciones del Derecho como norma, como hecho o como valor (que caracterizan, respectivamente, al norrnativismo, al realismo jurídico y al iusnaturalismo, se propone aquí un cuarto enfoque que consiste en ver el Derecho como argumentación (y que cohra especial relevancia en las sociedades democráticas. Sin embargo, no hay una única forma de entender la argumentación jurídica. Aunque conectadas entre sí, en el trabajo se distinguen tres concepciones: la formal, la material y la pragmática o dialéctica; muchas cuestiones que se plantean en el ámbito de la teoría de la argumentación jurídica pueden resolverse -o aclararse- teniendo en cuenta esa triple perspectiva.

The scaly tree ferns (Cyatheaceae-Polypodiopsida) of Brazil

OpenAIRE

Weigand, Anna; Lehnert, Marcus

2016-01-01

ABSTRACT A synopsis of all scaly tree fern species (Cyatheaceae) occurring in Brazil is presented. We recognize 51 species in three genera [Sphaeropteris one species, Alsophila four species (one subspecies, two varieties), and Cyathea 45 species (one variety) ] with 17 taxa being endemic to Brazil. One hybrid endemic to Brazil is recognized. Further included are five species that have not yet been recorded in Brazil, but are expected here because they are found in adjacent countries and occur...

Nuclear material control in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Marzo, M.A.S.; Iskin, M.C.L.; Palhares, L.C.; Almeida, S.G. de.

1988-01-01

A general view about the safeguards activities in Brazil is presented. The national system of accounting for and control of nuclear materials is described. The safeguards agreements signed by Brazil are presented, the facilities and nuclear material under these agreements are listed, and the dificulties on the pratical implementation are discussed. (E.G.) [pt

O Brasil na iniciativa BRIC: soft balancing numa ordem global em mudança? Brazil in the BRIC initiative: soft balancing in the shifting world order?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daniel Flemes

2010-07-01

Full Text Available As opções de política externa do Brasil são limitadas, tendo em conta os recursos materiais superiores das grandes potências establecidas. Soft balancing envolve estratégias institucionais, tais como a formação de coalizões ou ententes diplomáticas limitadas, como BRIC, para restringir o poder das grandes potências estabelecidas. Os países BRIC tinham constado dentre os precursores mais fortes de mudança da diplomacia mundial e por sua vez se beneficiam mais destas mudanças de poder global. Dentro da ordem global modelada pelas grandes potências por meio de instituições internacionais, aqueles jogadores que operam efetivamente dentro destas como inovadores, formadores de alianças e porta-vozes, e que ao mesmo tempo conservam soberania e independência têm o potencial de influir sustancialmente os resultados de políticas futuras.The foreign policy options of Brazil are limited in view of the superior hard power of the established great powers. Brazil's soft balancing strategy involves institutional strategies such as the formation of limited diplomatic coalitions or ententes, such as BRIC, to constrain the power of the established great powers. The BRIC states have been amongst the most powerful drivers of incremental change in world diplomacy and they benefit most from the connected global power shifts. In a global order shaped by great powers through international institutions, those players who effectively operate within them as innovators, coalition builders and spokesmen while preserving great amounts of sovereignty and independence have the potential to substantially influence the outcomes of future global politics.

La sabidur?a como competencia gerencial

OpenAIRE

Pinzon-Barrios, Ana-Maria; Cort?s Zapata, Gabriela

2012-01-01

Aunque el concepto de sabidur?a ha sido ampliamente estudiado por expertos de ?reas como la filosof?a, la religi?n y la psicolog?a, a?n enfrenta limitaciones en cuanto a su definici?n y evaluaci?n. Por esto, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo, formular una definici?n del concepto de sabidur?a que permita realizar una propuesta de evaluaci?n del concepto como competencia en los gerentes. Para esto, se realiz? un an?lisis documental de tipo cualitativo. De esta manera, se analizaron divers...

Type 2 diabetes in Brazil: epidemiology and management

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Almeida-Pititto B

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Bianca de Almeida-Pititto,1 Monike Lourenço Dias,2 Ana Carolina Franco de Moraes,3 Sandra RG Ferreira,3 Denise Reis Franco,4 Freddy Goldberg Eliaschewitz4,5 1Department of Preventive Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; 2Department of Endocrinology, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil; 3Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; 4CPClin Clinical Research Center, 5Albert Einstein Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil Abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM is one of the most important epidemic diseases in the world this century, and accounts for 90% of cases of diabetes globally. Brazil is one of the most important examples of the alarming picture of T2DM in emergent societies, being the country with the fourth largest number of people with diabetes. The aim of this paper is to review the literature on diabetes in Brazil, specifically looking at the epidemiology and management of T2DM. A literature search was conducted using PubMed and LILACS to identify articles containing information on diabetes in Brazil. Official documents from the Brazilian government, World Health Organization, and International Diabetes Federation were also reviewed. Keywords: type 2 diabetes, Brazil, epidemiology, management

Sources of Brazil's Counter-Hegemony

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcos Aurelio Guedes de Oliveira

2010-01-01

Full Text Available There have been two key initiatives taken in the last two decades in Brazil to create a counter-hegemonic project for the country. One initiative resulted from Brazil's business community and high-level State bureaucracy and aimed at forming a regional economic and political bloc that would guarantee and enlarge a relative independence from the hegemonic powers. The other resulted from the emergence of the new unionist movement in São Paulo and from the formation of Partido dos Trabalhadores and aimed at promoting radical democratization and reducing social exclusion. Both initiatives have created policies and changes that have converged to enhance Brazil's counter-hegemonic position as a regional and emerging power.

Brazil-U.S. Relations

Science.gov (United States)

2007-02-28

Eduardo Lins, “La Casa Blanca y El Planalto: Respeto y Solidaridad,” Foreign Affairs En Español, January-March 2003. 31 See “President Bush Meets with...U.S. Department of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices 2005: Brazil, February 2006. 2 Lincoln Gordon, Brazil’s Second Change En Route...stabilizing force and skillful interlocutor in Latin America. U.S. officials tend to describe Brazil, similar to Chile , as a friendly country governed

Sweet future? Brazil's ethanol fuel programme

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Calle, F.R.

1999-01-01

This article traces the history of Brazil's ethanol fuel programme from 1975 to the present, and considers Brazil's energy policy, and the implications of price liberalisation and privatisation aimed at reducing prices to control inflation. The achievements of ProAlcool which was established in 1975 with the aim of replacing petrol with ethanol, costs and investment in ProAlcool, environmental implications, and policy initiatives to boost ProAlcool are examined. Details of typical emissions from a 6-year old car in Brazil are tabulated illustrating the reduced emissions due to ethanol fuels

Diabetes Care in Brazil.

Science.gov (United States)

Coutinho, Walmir F; Silva Júnior, Wellington Santana

2015-01-01

The diabetes epidemic affects most countries across the world and is increasing at alarming rates in Latin America. Nearly 12 million individuals have diabetes in Brazil, and the current prevalence ranges from 6.3% to 13.5%, depending on the region and the diagnostic criteria adopted in each study. To provide an overview of diabetes care in Brazil, focusing on studies of diabetes epidemiology, prevalence of patients within the standard targets of care, and economic burden of diabetes and its complications. SciELO and PubMed searches were performed for the terms "diabetes," "Brazil," "Brazilian," and "health system"; relevant literature from 1990 to 2015 was selected. Additional articles identified from reference list searches were also included. All articles selected were published in Portuguese and/or English. Recent studies detected a prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus of nearly 20%. Among patients with type 1 diabetes, almost 90% fail to reach target of glycemic control, with less than 30% receiving treatment for both hypertension and dyslipidemia. More than 75% of patients with type 2 diabetes are either overweight or obese. Most of these patients fail to reach glycemic targets (42.1%) and less than 30% reached the target for systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Only 0.2% of patients reach all these anthropometric and metabolic targets. Brazil is the fourth country in the world in number of patients with diabetes. Regardless of the diabetes type, the majority of patients do not meet other metabolic control goals. The economic burden of diabetes and its complications in Brazil is extremely high, and more effective approaches for preventions and management are urgently needed. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Inc.

EVOLUTION OF EXPORT CONSORTIA IN BRAZIL (2002-2008: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY EVOLUCIÓN DE LOS CONSORCIOS DE EXPORTACIÓN EN BRASIL (2002-2008: UN ESTUDIO EXPLORATORIO EVOLUÇÃO DOS CONSÓRCIOS DE EXPORTAÇÃO NO BRASIL (2002-2008: UM ESTUDO EXPLORATÓRIO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gustavo Barbieri Lima Barbieri Lima

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Since the Brazilian Export Promotion Agency (APEX-Brasil was created in 1997 a number of exportconsortia were founded with the support of the Agency and succeeded in Brazil, while others, such as theBrazilian Health Products (BHP, disappeared as soon as APEX-Brasil incentives ceased. A case study andanalysis was made of the evolution of the export consortia (Brazilian Health Products and Wines from Brazil− Integrated Sector Project (ISP started as a consortium in the period from 2002 to 2008.  BHP startedwith 12 associated enterprises in the consortium phase and now, with the support of APEX-Brasil as is thecase of many others, is part of the ISP  Brazil Medical & Dental Devices in which 130 enterprisesparticipate. The consortium BHP successfully met the project deadline which was about three years. Most ofthe enterprises acquired  know-how in  marketing and foreign trade and structured their own exportdepartments. In the ISP Wines from Brazil, the number of new wineries has increased from 6 in the consortium to 33 and there has been a considerable increase in the exports of wines and sparkling wines.Con la creación de la Agencia de Promoción de Exportación e Inversiones en 1997, algunos consorcios deexportación fueron formados con el apoyo de la institución y lograron éxito en Brasil, mientras otros desaparecieron en el momento que los incentivos de la APEX terminaron, como en el caso de  BrazilianHealth Products (BHP. El presente artículo tiene por  objetivo central analizar la evolución de dosconsorcios de exportación en Brasil (el Brazilian Health Products y el Wines from Brazil – ProyectoSectorial Integrado (PSI iniciado como consorcio en el periodo de 2002 a 2008. Es importante destacarque el BHP se inició con doce empresas asociadas (fase consorcio y por el momento se encuentra con 130(fase PSI BMDD, mientras  el proyecto  Wines from Brazil comenzó con seis vinícolas (consorcio y seencuentra actualmente con 33

Aprendizagem como/na prática

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jean Lave

2015-12-01

Full Text Available ResumoEste artigo considera como o estudo da cultura e da aprendizagem pode ser de particular relevância para o campo da antropologia sociocultural em geral. O termo mais importante na expressão “cultura & aprendizagem” talvez seja o logograma “&” – ou seja, coloca-se a questão sobre o que conecta cultura e aprendizagem, perguntando-se como esses termos estão relacionados. Como devemos compreender cultura e aprendizagem como instâncias produtoras delas próprias, e uma da outra, na prática? Recalibrando em termos relacionais, podemos dizer que não é possível abordar a “aprendizagem” ou “cultura e aprendizagem” sem o seu emaranhamento na vida político-econômica, nas lutas e disputas históricas, em suas coerências e incoerências, e na produção relacional e histórica da vida cotidiana. Através das lentes da teoria da prática social, os estudos etnográficos sobre aprendizagem na prática oferecem diferentes entendimentos sobre como certa vida e certas disputas e incoerências são produzidas.

Yam: a neglected and underutilized crop in Brazil Inhame: uma cultura negligenciada e subutilizada no Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

MVBM Siqueira

2011-03-01

Full Text Available In Brazil current studies and investments on yams are incipient. Similarly, the literature in recent decades lacks adequate information on this group of plants. The existing literature, on its turn, requires more than ever to be revised and organized. Yams have joined the so-called "neglected" group of crops for several reasons, but particularly because they are associated with poor and traditional communities. Many vegetables introduced in Brazil during the colonization period have adapted to different cropping systems, yams being an excellent example. This diversity resulted very widespread, yet poorly recognized in the country. In turn, the gardens using traditional farming systems continue to maintain and enhance yam local varieties. Studies from other countries, with an emphasis on characterization and genetic breeding, brought to light an urgent need for Brazil to invest in yams as a food rich in carbohydrates, even to the point of alterations in food public policy. Reversal of the yam's current stigma is both a challenge to the scientific community and to the population as a whole. This paper aims to raise pertinent questions about Dioscorea species, an important key group for many communities in tropical countries, yet still unrecognized as so in Brazil.No Brasil, estudos e investimentos ao inhame são incipientes. Similarmente, a literatura nas últimas décadas apresenta informações insuficientes para este grupo de plantas. A literatura existente, por sua vez, exige mais que nunca ser revisada e organizada. O inhame tem-se unido ao grupo de culturas ditas "negligenciadas" por diversas razões, mas particularmente devido ao fato de estar associado às comunidades pobres e tradicionais. Muitos vegetais introduzidos no Brasil durante o período da colonização têm-se adaptado a diferentes sistemas de cultivo, sendo o inhame um excelente exemplo. Esta diversidade é resultado de uma ampla dispersão, ainda pouco conhecida no país. Por

Diplomacia em xeque: Direito das Gentes e escravidão na agenda bilateral Brasil-Uruguai (1847-1869 * Diplomacy put at stake: Law of Nations and slavery in Brazil-Uruguay bilateral agenda (1847-1869

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

RAFAEL PETER DE LIMA

2015-03-01

Full Text Available Resumo: O presente artigo se propõe a analisar os embates diplomáticos entre Brasil e Uruguai em meados do século XIX que tiveram como eixo o imbricado terreno de convergência entre a escravidão e a diplomacia. Com frequentes desacordos de interpretações e encaminhamentos – frutos em grande parte da contraposição entre a estrutura escravista vigente no Brasil frente às leis abolicionistas uruguaias já implementadas –, o assunto alimentou profundas tensões na pauta bilateral e debates sobre elementos instituintes do ordenamento internacional mais amplo. Como objeto central da problemática a aplicação, extensão e validade do Direito das Gentes como balizador para a questão.Palavras-chave: Escravidão; Diplomacia; Direito das Gentes. Abstract: This article aims to analyze the diplomatic clashes between Brazil and Uruguay in the mid nineteenth century that had the shaft interwoven plot of the convergence between slavery and diplomacy. With frequent disagreements of interpretation and referrals – fruit in much the contrast between the current slave structure in Brazil ahead to the Uruguayan-abolitionist laws already implemented –, it fueled deep tensions in the bilateral agenda and discussions on instituting elements of the wider international system. As the central object of problematic the application, extent and validity of the Law of Nations as a beacon to the issue.Keywords: Slavery; Diplomacy; Law of Nations.

Occurrence of white-winged vampire bat, Diaemus youngi (Mammalia, Chiroptera, in the Cerrado of Distrito Federal, Brazil Ocorrência de Diaemus youngi (Mammalia, Chiroptera no Cerrado do Distrito Federal

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ludmilla M. de S. Aguiar

2006-09-01

Full Text Available Authors cite Diaemus youngi (Jentik, 1893 as occurring in all the Brazilian territory. In spite of that, there are no reports of capture sites for D. youngi in the literature for Distrito Federal or Cerrado of Central Brazil. Here we report the first precise record of this species for Central Brazil, rural area of Distrito Federal, and provide information on its biology, conservation and distribution in Brazil, according to our data and information from the literature.A espécie Diaemus youngi (Jentik, 1893 é considerada por alguns autores como ocorrendo para todo o Brasil incluindo o bioma Cerrado e área rural do Distrito Federal. No entanto não há na literatura nenhum registro do local de coleta dessa espécie para essas regiões. Reportamos aqui o primeiro registro no Cerrado do Brasil Central, área rural do Distrito Federal, e alguns dados sobre a biologia, conservação e distribuição geográfica da espécie no Brasil, de acordo com dados desse trabalho e da literatura.

77 FR 22343 - Certain Orange Juice From Brazil

Science.gov (United States)

2012-04-13

... Brazil Determination On the basis of the record \\1\\ developed in the subject five-year review, the United... from Brazil would not be likely to lead to continuation or recurrence of material injury to an industry... Publication 4311 (April 2012), entitled Certain Orange Juice from Brazil: Investigation No. 731-TA-1089...

Restoration practicesin Brazil's Atlantic rainforest.

Science.gov (United States)

Jorge Correa de Lima Palidon; Maisa dos Santos Guapyassu

2005-01-01

The atlantic Rain Forst (Mata Atlantica) extends along the southern coast of Brazil and inland into Argentina and Paraguay. Originally covering 15% of the land area of Brazil, it was a region of an estimated 1.3 million km2 (MMA 2000). Today, remnants of the Atlantic Forest represents about 8% of the original area, or some 94,000 km2...

Como reescribir funciones aleatorias multivariadas como univariadas para hacer cokrigeage. La teoría

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adrian Martínez-Vargas

2010-03-01

Full Text Available En el año 2005 Martínez-Vargas formuló un sistema de cokrigeage puro heterotópico para estimar una función aleatoria regionalizada (RF Z*(x definida como la combinación lineal de n RF's univariadas Zi(x, cuyos coeficientes 1i(x son indicatrices de un set disyuntivo de categorías i. Aparentemente este modelo se contradice pues asume que las covarianzas cruzadas existen en un mismo punto, a pesar de su carácter puramente heterotópico. Para evadir dicha contradicción se redefinió el set de RF Zi(x como una única RF Z(x,i, siendo los puntos (x,i y (x,j no coincidentes si i y j no son iguales. La heterotopía fue simplemente considerada como una omisión de la RF Z(x,. en los datos y en los puntos a estimar, no impuesta por el modelo; entonces el resultado es simplemente un caso particular del cokrigeage clásico. Con esta notación se reescribió el sistema de cokrigeage clásico como el sistema de krigeage de la RF univariada Z(x,i, asumiendo que esta posee un drift definido como m(x,i,j, donde los miembros fl(x,i,j de m(x,i,j pueden ser linealmente dependientes o independientes. Bajo esta notación el sistema de krigeage se reduce a un sistema univariado, la existencia de más de una variable o la presencia de heterotropía no impone la necesidad de manipulaciones extras para definir el sistema de ecuaciones de krigeage, incrementándose la eficiencia computacional.

A rota como memória

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Patrick Fraysse

Full Text Available No contexto de estudo do patrimônio por um ponto de vista comunicacional, este artigo permitiu-nos visualisar um objeto de comunicação por excelência « a estrada » como portador de informação a decifrar e a interpretar um documento, mas também como um repositário da memória coletiva, quer dizer um monumento. Paralelamente, a patrimonialização dos monumentos, dos conjuntos arquiteturais e sobretudo dos itinerários que os religam, dito de outra maneira, da estrada, assim como a sua documentarização (relatos de viagens, guias, bancos de dados participam de uma nova institucionalização da memória integrante também das estradas míticas como o caminho de São Tiago na França ou a famosa estrada 66 nos Estados-Unidos.

Challenges for malaria elimination in Brazil.

Science.gov (United States)

Ferreira, Marcelo U; Castro, Marcia C

2016-05-20

Brazil currently contributes 42 % of all malaria cases reported in the Latin America and the Caribbean, a region where major progress towards malaria elimination has been achieved in recent years. In 2014, malaria burden in Brazil (143,910 microscopically confirmed cases and 41 malaria-related deaths) has reached its lowest levels in 35 years, Plasmodium falciparum is highly focal, and the geographic boundary of transmission has considerably shrunk. Transmission in Brazil remains entrenched in the Amazon Basin, which accounts for 99.5 % of the country's malaria burden. This paper reviews major lessons learned from past and current malaria control policies in Brazil. A comprehensive discussion of the scientific and logistic challenges that may impact malaria elimination efforts in the country is presented in light of the launching of the Plan for Elimination of Malaria in Brazil in November 2015. Challenges for malaria elimination addressed include the high prevalence of symptomless and submicroscopic infections, emerging anti-malarial drug resistance in P. falciparum and Plasmodium vivax and the lack of safe anti-relapse drugs, the largely neglected burden of malaria in pregnancy, the need for better vector control strategies where Anopheles mosquitoes present a highly variable biting behaviour, human movement, the need for effective surveillance and tools to identify foci of infection in areas with low transmission, and the effects of environmental changes and climatic variability in transmission. Control actions launched in Brazil and results to come are likely to influence control programs in other countries in the Americas.

Area Handbook Series: Brazil: A Country Study

Science.gov (United States)

1982-12-01

Encompassing almost half the South American conti- nent and bordering every South American country except Ecuador and Chile , Brazil ranks as the fifth largest...and agricultural projects related to the program was slowed. Expansion of the sugarcane acreage was less 184 Construction site, Aguas Claras mine near...Development-OECD) purchased 60 percent of Brazil’s exports. Among Brazil’s 10 largest export markets, only Argentina (US$718 million), Chile (US$363 million

Voos migratórios de Pieridae (Lepidoptera no Distrito Federal, Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Álvaro Negret

1988-07-01

Full Text Available Durante o período de 1976-1983, fluxos migratórios de duas espécies de Pieridae foram observados em Brasília, D.F. Esses vôos apresentaram periodicidade anual e direção constante. Na primavera, grandes concentrações de Phoebis (Aphrissa statira voavam para sudeste, contra o vento. Durante o verão, Anteos clorinde foi observada voando contra o vento em direção oposta (SW. Essas migrações são provavelmente relacionadas a gradientes longitudinais da fenologia das plantas hospedeiras.During the period of 1976-1983 migratory fluxes of two species of Pieridae butterflies were observed in Brasília, D.F., Brazil. These flights presented regular annual periodicity and constant direction. In the spring great concentrations of Phoebis (Aphrissa statira were flying southeast against the wind. During summer Anteos clorinde was observed flying against the wind In the opposite direction (SW. These migrations are probably related to longitudinal gradients of host plants fenology.

Municipal solid waste in Brazil: A review.

Science.gov (United States)

Alfaia, Raquel Greice de Souza Marotta; Costa, Alyne Moraes; Campos, Juacyara Carbonelli

2017-12-01

The production of municipal solid waste (MSW) represents one of the greatest challenges currently faced by waste managers all around the world. In Brazil, the situation with regard to solid waste management is still deficient in many aspects. In 2015, only 58.7% of the MSW collected in Brazilian cities received appropriate final disposal. It was only as late as 2010 that Brazil established the National Policy on Solid Waste (NPSW) based on the legislation and programmes established in the 1970s in more developed countries. However, the situation with regard to MSW management has changed little since the implementation of the NPSW. Recent data show that, in Brazil, disposal in sanitary landfills is practically the only management approach to MSW. Contrary to expectations, despite the economic recession in 2015 the total annual amount of MSW generated nationwide increased by 1.7%, while in the same period the Brazilian population grew by 0.8% and economic activity decreased by 3.8%. The article describes the panorama with regard to MSW in Brazil from generation to final disposal and discusses the issues related to the delay in implementing the NPSW. The collection of recyclable material, the recycling process, the application of reverse logistics and the determination of the gravimetric composition of MSW in Brazil are also addressed in this article. Finally, a brief comparison is made between MSW management in Brazil and in other countries, the barriers to developing effective waste disposal systems are discussed and some recommendations for future MSW management development in Brazil are given.

Geography and Participatory Democracy in Brazil: Porto Alegre and Belo Horizonte Compared

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Terence Wood

2007-10-01

Full Text Available This paper examines the participatory budgeting  process that an increasing number of municipalities, primarily but not exclusively in Brazil, are  using as a tool of governance. Background is  provided on municipal governance in Brazil as  well as on the Partido dos Trabalhadores, the political party primarily responsible for introducing participatory budgeting. This is followed by a  comparison of the participatory budgets of two  Brazilian cities: Porto Alegre and Belo Horizonte.  From this comparison we draw conclusions as to  how geography can condition the outcomes of  participatory budgeting processes. Resumen: Geografía y democracia participativa en Brasil:  Comparación entre Porto Alegre y Belo Horizonte Este artículo estudia el proceso de presupuestos  participativos que un número creciente de municipalidades, especialmente en Brasil, aunque no  exclusivamente, está utilizando como instrumento  de gobernabilidad. En el artículo se entrega información de fondo sobre los gobiernos municipales en Brasil y sobre el Partido de los Trabajadores, el partido político que es responsable de la  introducción del presupuesto participativo, para  posteriormente comparar los presupuestos participativos de dos ciudades brasileñas: Porto Alegre y  Belo Horizonte. Sobre la base de esta comparación sacamos conclusiones sobre cómo puede la  geografía condicionar el resultado de procesos de  presupuesto participativo.

Occurrence of filamentous fungi in Simulium goeldii Cerqueira & Nunes de Mello (diptera: simuliidae larvae in central Amazonia, Brazil Ocorrência de fungos filamentosos associados a larvas de Simulium goeldii Cerqueira & Nunes de Mello da Amazônia Central, Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Quézia Ribeiro Fonseca

2008-06-01

Full Text Available The family Simuliidae is the host of simbiontes fungi that inhabit the digestive tracts of arthropods. This paper reports the presence of fungi in Simulium goeldii Cerqueira & Nunes de Mello larvae in Amazonia. We observed that the larvae are a good component of aquatic systems to isolate filamentous fungi.A família Simuliidae é hospedeira de fungos simbiontes que habitam o trato digestivo de artrópodos. Este estudo reporta a presença de fungos em larvas de Simulium goeldii Cerqueira & Nunes de Mello da Amazônia. Foi observado que as larvas são bons componentes do sistema aquático para isolar fungos filamentosos.

Retrospecto do controle da tuberculose no Brasil Retrospect of tuberculosis control in Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Miguel Aiub Hijjar

2007-09-01

Full Text Available O objetivo do trabalho foi fazer um retrospecto da ação das medidas de controle da tuberculose no Brasil, desde o final do século XIX, abrangendo a história das lutas sociais e destacando instituições e figuras humanas dedicadas a buscar soluções para esses problemas. As respostas brasileiras à tuberculose iniciaram-se na sociedade com as Ligas Contra a Tuberculose, difundindo avanços científicos, como a vacinação BCG, iniciada em 1927. Do poder público, a Inspetoria de Profilaxia da TB (1920, o Serviço Nacional de Tuberculose (1940, e a da Campanha Nacional Contra a Tuberculose (1946, coordenaram políticas nacionais como a da quimioterapia, iniciada com a descoberta da estreptomicina, em 1944. O surgimento da resistência bacteriana levou ao desenvolvimento de vários esquemas terapêuticos. O esquema I (rifampicina, hidrazida e pirazinamida, o principal de 1979 e ainda em uso, teve grande impacto epidemiológico. Em 1993, a OMS declarou a tuberculose em emergência mundial. Como resposta, o Brasil elaborou suas estratégias; a primeira foi o Plano Emergencial para Controle da Tuberculose (1994, com priorização de 230 municípios. Como perspectiva aponta-se a efetiva municipalização das ações e sua maior integração aos Programas de Agentes Comunitários e Saúde da Família.The aim of the study was to look back on the course of action involving measures of tuberculosis control in Brazil since the end of the 19th century, covering the history of social struggles and pointing out institutions and people that have dedicated themselves to looking for solutions to these issues. The Brazilian response to tuberculosis started in society with the Ligas Contra a Tuberculose (Leagues Against Tuberculosis, promoting scientific advances, such as the BCG vaccination, which begun in 1927. From the public power, the Inspetoria de Profilaxia da TB (TB Prophylaxis Inspection Service - 1920, the Serviço Nacional de Tuberculose (National

Ocorrência no Brasil de Thiara (Melanoides tuberculata (O.F. Muller, 1774 (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia, primeiro hospedeiro intermediário de Clonorchis sinensis (Cobbold, 1875 (Trematoda, Plathyhelmintes Occurrence of Thiara (Melanoides tuberculata (O.F. Mullher, 1774 (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia in Brazil, first intermediate host of Clonorchis sinensis (Cobbold, 1875 (Trematoda, Plathyhelmintes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jorge Faria Vaz

1986-08-01

Full Text Available Relata-se a introdução em nosso meio de Thiara (Melanoides tuberculata possivelmente anterior a 1967, quando pela primeira vez foi coletada em Santos. Essa espécie pode comportar-se como primeiro hospedeiro intermediário de Paragonimus westermani e de Clonorchis sinensis. Somente o último trematódeo tem alguma possibilidade de vir a parasitar o homem, em nosso meio.Introduction of Thiara (Melanoides tuberculata in Brazil, is reported. This introduction may go back prior to 1967 when some specimens were collected at Santos, S.Paulo (Brazil. T. (M. tuberculata is an intermediate host of Paragonimus westermani and Clonorchis sinensis, both pathogenic for man. Only this last trematode has some potential for human infection in Brazil.

Sincretismo e questão racial: relações lexicais e representações conflitantes em dois jornais e duas revistas impressas brasileiras Syncretism and the racial issue: lexical relations and conflicting representations in two newspapers and two magazines in Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cláudio Márcio do Carmo

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Na área das Ciências Sociais, em especial a Antropologia, o sincretismo tem comumente sido foco de estudo. Na área de estudos linguísticos, a pesquisa sobre esse tema é ainda incipiente. Este artigo tem como objetivo contribuir para preencher essa lacuna nos estudos linguísticos, partindo da análise do item lexical sincretismo como culturalmente relevante para o estudo de discursos sobre a questão racial, mediados por veículos de comunicação impressa. Utiliza-se como referencial teórico a Análise Crítica do Discurso e algumas ferramentas da Linguística de Corpus para a análise das relações lexicais estabelecidas com o item sincretismo em dois jornais e duas revistas de informaç��o geral. Alguns dos resultados apontam para um conflito entre diferentes discursos religiosos e uma tensão no discurso da democracia racial brasileira.In the field of Social Sciences, especially Anthropology, syncretism has often been focused on as a research topic. In the field of linguistic studies, there is very little or apparently no research on the issue being carried out in Brazil. This article aims at filling in this gap in linguistic studies. It sets out from an analysis of the lexical item syncretism as culturally relevant for the study of discourses on the racial issue in Brazil, as mediated by the press. The theoretical background of Critical Discourse Analysis and some tools of Corpus Linguistics are combined in order to investigate lexical relations constructed with the word sincretismo in two newspapers and two feature magazines. Some of the results suggest there is a conflict between different religious discourses and a tension in the wider discourse of racial democracy in Brazil.

Between Truth and Amnesia: State Terrorism, Human Rights Violations and Transitional Justice in Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Iasmin Goes

2013-04-01

Full Text Available Abstract:The military rule in Brazil between 1964 and 1985 employed less violence than similar authoritarian regimes in neighbouring countries, and attempted to maintain a façade of legitimacy by allowing for a consented opposition. Nevertheless, Brazil was the last Latin American nation to establish a truth commission. Ever since the Amnesty Law was passed in 1979, authorities and citizens have both struggled to come to terms with the human rights violations committed in the past. The Brazilian government went as far as offering material reparations to the presumed victims without disclosing official information to establish what the reparations were being paid for. Is it better to remember or forget? This Exploration discusses transitional justice strategies, and documents recent developments in Brazil's political history.Resumen: Entre la verdad y la amnesia. Terrorismo de Estado, violaciones de derechos humanos y justicia transicional en BrasilEntre 1964 y 1985, el régimen militar en Brasil empleó menos violencia que regímenes autoritarios de países vecinos, e intentó mantener una fachada de legitimidad. Sin embargo, Brasil fue el último país latinoamericano en establecer una comisión de la verdad. Desde la aprobación de la Ley de Amnistía en 1979, tanto las autoridades como los ciudadanos luchan para hacer justicia a las violaciones de derechos humanos cometidas en el pasado. El gobierno brasileño llegó al extremo de ofrecer reparaciones materiales a las presuntas víctimas, sin revelar informaciones oficiales para establecer por qué las estaba pagando. ¿Es mejor recordar u olvidar? Esta Exploración analiza las estrategias de justicia transicional y documenta evoluciones recientes en la política histórica brasileña.

Abortion in Brazil: A Search For Rights

OpenAIRE

Anjos, Karla Ferraz dos; Santos, Vanessa Cruz; Souzas, Raquel; Eugênio, Benedito Gonçalves

2013-01-01

Discussing the abortion theme in Brazil is highly problematic since it involves ethical, moral and legal precepts. The criminalization of abortion in Brazil favors a clandestine and unsafe practice and can lead to serious consequences to women´s health. In this perspective, this research deals with the legal context in which the abortion problem is inscribed in Brazil, coupled to the specific aims in pinpointing complications caused by the criminalization of clandestine abortion besides deali...

Brazil's energy industry in a crisis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sangmeister, H.

1988-01-01

In volume 8/1986 of this periodical, Brazil's moving away from the program for the building and expansion of a national nuclear power industry had been reported on back of foreign currencies and urgently necessary saving measures of the public means influence not only the construction of nuclear power plants, they also decay instruments in other areas of energy industry. In the area of electric power, some nationalisations have already taken place and in petroleum supply, the need for imports is increasing again. Furthermore, there is reason to believe that some of the energy-political solutions which Brazil had chosen as answers to the petroleum price shocks of 1973/74 and 1979/80 are likely to lead to some considerable problems in the near future. In the middle of these crises in which Brazil's energy industry has been for some time now, there is nonetheless one spectacular event. Brazil's President, Mr. Jose Sarney, announced the command of the nuclear cycle by means of national technology. (orig.) [de

Juventude como problema de políticas públicas Youth as a problem of government policies

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcia Frezza

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Tendo como foco discutir concepções de juventudes que se expressam em políticas públicas para jovens no Brasil, concentramos nossa pesquisa no Consórcio Social da Juventude. A partir da perspectiva da Psicologia Social, usamos como estratégia metodológica a problematização e como ferramenta teórica conceitos de Michel Foucault. Buscamos compreender como as práticas discursivas instituídas em políticas públicas definem e denominam parcelas da juventude. Ao problematizarmos as tensões elencadas do material analisado, discutimos quatro concepções de juventude: voluntária, digitalizada, trabalhadora e vulnerabilizada. Estas se constituíram em profícuos indicadores de análise para a problematização dos enunciados dos documentos e entrevistas. A análise sinalizou o quanto as políticas públicas de juventude estão inseridas em uma rede discursiva que desenha, forma e institui modos de viver de jovens - de baixa renda - na contemporaneidade. Observamos que, de forma generalizada, discursos de educação, cidadania, inclusão, entre outros, operam, principalmente, para legitimar programas de políticas públicas.Focusing on concepts of youth expressed in government policies for young people in Brazil, we concentrated our research in the Consórcio Social da Juventude - a national project developed by the Brazilian Government. From the Social Psychology perspective, we used the problematization as a methodological strategy and concepts of Michel Foucault as theoretical tools. We sought to comprehend how the discoursive practices installed in government policies define and establish portions of young people. Problematizing the tensions verified in the material analysed, we discussed four concepts of young people: volunteer, digitalized, worker and vulnerabilized. They turned into proficuous indicators of analysis for the proposed problematization. The analysis suggests how government policies are inserted in a discoursive net that

Rainfall erosivity in Brazil: A Review

Science.gov (United States)

In this paper, we review the erosivity studies conducted in Brazil to verify the quality and representativeness of the results generated and to provide a greater understanding of the rainfall erosivity (R-factor) in Brazil. We searched the ISI Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO, and Google Scholar datab...

Danish wind power in Brazil. Part 1. The future of wind power in Brazil - market analysis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Husted Rich, N

1996-04-01

More than 95% of total energy produced in Brazil comes from highly efficient hydroelectric power plants but, faced with a serious shortage of energy after the year 2000, the country is now considering wind energy as one of the basic alternatives for energy supply. It is suggested that biomass, wind energy and biogas may be included in a future supply policy for the north-east region of the land. The structure of, the privatisation, legislation and the tariff system within the Brazilian power sector are described in addition to the present situation regarding wind energy in the country, including current and coming projects in this field, the excellent wind conditions in Northeastern Brazil and investment possibilities. The political activities in this field of the Danish Folkecenter for Renewable Energy are noted and future developments in Brazil are discussed. It is concluded that there are good prospects for Danish windmill technology on the Brazilian market. Wind measurement programs are presently being carried out in various areas of the country, though a number of impediments to the development of wind energy in Brazil remain. (AB)

Dilemas e desafios diante do acesso ao Programa Brasil Quilombola: A realidade vivenciada pela comunidade Marques (Dilemmas and challenges facing access to the Quilombola Brazil Program: The reality experienced by the Marques community

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sidimara Cristina Souza

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Este artigo tem como objetivo avaliar o acesso aos benefícios ofertados pelo Programa Brasil Quilombola, no interior da comunidade Marques no município de Carlos Chagas, situado no Vale do Mucuri no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Esta comunidade foi certificada em 2005 pela Fundação Cultural Palmares como “remanescente de quilombos”. Para a realização da pesquisa que deu origem a este artigo, utilizou-se como técnica a entrevista individual semiestruturada, bem como a observação de campo. A análise dos dados permite afirmar que o acesso aos benefícios ofertados pelo Programa Brasil Quilombola é extremamente restrito, e que a falta de comunicação entre os executores do programa e os possíveis usuários, assim como as falhas de execução, são os principais responsáveis pela ineficiência e inacessibilidade ao programa. Palavras-chave: Programa Brasil Quilombola. Comunidade Marques. Remanescente de Quilombo.  ABSTRACT This article aims to evaluate the access to the benefits offered by the Brasil Quilombola Program, within the Marques community in the municipality of Carlos Chagas, located in the Mucuri Valley in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. This community was certified in 2005 by the Palmares Cultural Foundation as "remnants of quilombos". For the accomplishment of the research that originated this article, it was used as technique the semi-structured individual interview, as well as the field observation. The analysis of the data allows to affirm that the access to the benefits offered by the Brasil Quilombola Program is extremely restricted, and that the lack of communication between the executor of the program and the possible users, as well as the execution failures, are the main ones responsible for the inefficiency and inaccessibility to the program.Keywords: Brazil Quilombola Program. Community Marques. Remnant of Quilombo. 

Brazil's mineral development: potential and problems

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lloyd, B; Wheeler, E

1977-03-01

Brazil's vast mineral wealth still lies in the ground largely unexploited. Lack of adequate communications and the past political instability of the country has greatly hampered mineral exploration, and risk capital for major schemes has only recently been forthcoming. In 1975, Brazil's oil imports alone cost US $3073 million, creating an unhealthy balance of payments deficit and causing the external national debt to reach US $22 billion by the end of that year--an increase of a further 25% in this debt took place during 1976. Substantial price rises in imported machinery followed that of oil, while the prices of Brazil's main exports, coffee, sugar and soya, have continued to fluctuate widely. As a result of the oil price rise Brazil has moved from a traditional trade balance to substantial deficit, although this has fallen from its 1974 peak of 4.6 billion, largely as a result of government policies. Brazil has untapped deposits of bauxite, tin, zinc, iron ore, nickel, as well as oil, and is firmly set on the path that will make her one of the world's major sources of raw materials by the year 2000. The government has made the exploitation of natural resources, particularly the previously neglected oil and gas sectors, one of the cornerstones of its economic strategy. Yet in 1975 the mineral sector produced less than 2% of Brazil's GNP, although it did contribute 11% of exports. Apart from iron oreand manganese, mineral production is small and the country is still a net importer of copper, zinc, nickel, tin, and lead. Without a substantial increase in exports the government's whole economic/social and political strategy will be at risk.

Inflation environment and lower exchange rate pass-through in Brazil: is there a relationship?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Reginaldo Pinto Nogueira Junior

2010-03-01

Full Text Available Recent studies have suggested that the shift from a high to a low inflation environment induces a decline in the degree of exchange rate pass-through (ERPT into prices. In this paper we present empirical evidence on this matter for Brazil, applying a smooth transition regression model and testing lagged inflation as a potential transition variable. The results presented in this paper go in line with the literature, and suggest that the lower ERPT largely documented for Brazil in recent years may also be a corollary of low and stable inflation.A literatura recente sugere que a transição de um regime de alta para baixa inflação induz uma redução no pass-through cambial (ERPT. Neste artigo apresentamos evidência empírica sobre essa questão, utilizando um modelo não-linear com smooth transition, e testando defasagens da taxa de inflação como variável de transição. Os resultados encontrados corroboram com a literatura sobre o tema, sugerindo que a redução de ERPT amplamente documentada para o Brasil em períodos recentes pode ser também uma conseqüência de taxas mais baixas e estáveis de inflação.

the Energy in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2003-05-01

To face the forecasted increase of 4 % of the Gross Domestic Product, it is necessary to increase the energy capacity installed in Brazil. The action at first planned on 10 to 20 years, is oriented today on a shorter period from 2001 to 2004. The program proposes investment of 43 milliards or Reals from which 32 will come from the private sector. This report takes stock on the energy situation in Brazil, the human, political and geographical constraints and the actions in favor of the energy development. (A.L.B.)

Scientific integrity in Brazil.

Science.gov (United States)

Lins, Liliane; Carvalho, Fernando Martins

2014-09-01

This article focuses on scientific integrity and the identification of predisposing factors to scientific misconduct in Brazil. Brazilian scientific production has increased in the last ten years, but the quality of the articles has decreased. Pressure on researchers and students for increasing scientific production may contribute to scientific misconduct. Cases of misconduct in science have been recently denounced in the country. Brazil has important institutions for controlling ethical and safety aspects of human research, but there is a lack of specific offices to investigate suspected cases of misconduct and policies to deal with scientific dishonesty.

Policies for energy performance and use of renewable sources in Brazil; Politicas para el rendimiento energetico y uso de fuentes renovables en Brasil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Geller, Howard; Schaeffer, Roberto; Szklo, Alexandre; Tolmasquim, Mauricio [Southwest Energy Efficiency Proyect, CO (United States)

2005-04-15

The objectives for the tendencies and the energy policy in Brazil are presented along with 12 policy options searching advancement in the efficient use of energy and renewable energy. The policies are analyzed by a group of experts in relation to their impacts on source and demand of total energy as well as CO{sub 2} emissions. It is concluded that the policies will offer a wide range of advantages for Brazil, including the reduction of requirements for the investment in the energy sector, the reduction of the import as well as of the CO{sub 2} emissions and the granting of social benefits. Since Brazil looks forward to diversify its sources, reduce its dependency on imports and diminish the inefficiency and energy cost, its policies are focused to the adoption of energy standards for new commercial constructions, to the use extension of wind power and combined heat and energy systems and to stimulate the CHP systems using bagasse and other sugar cane products. [Spanish] Se muestran los objetivos de las tendencias y la politica energetica en Brasil junto con 12 opciones de politicas para avanzar en el uso eficiente de energeticos y de la energia renovable. Las politicas son analizadas por un grupo de expertos en relacion con sus impactos en fuente y demanda de energia totales, asi como emisiones de CO{sub 2}. Se concluye que las politicas ofreceran una amplia gama de ventajas para Brasil, incluyendo la reduccion de requisitos para la inversion en el sector energia, el descenso tanto de la importacion como de las emisiones de CO{sub 2} y el otorgamiento de beneficios sociales. Dado que Brasil busca diversificar sus fuentes, reducir su dependencia de la importacion y disminuir la ineficacia y gasto de la energia, sus politicas estan enfocadas a la adopcion de estandares de energia para nuevas construcciones comerciales, la ampliacion del uso de los sistemas combinados de calor y energia, usar el poder del viento y estimular los sistemas de CHP usando bagazo y otros

Hoy como ayer

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rodríguez M.

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Leyendo el artículo titulado “Los medicamentos baratos” de la revista La Farmacia Española, publicada en Madrid el jueves 21 de diciembre de 1893, uno se pregunta cómo puede ser que se reconozca la situación como si fuera de ahora mismo, cómo puede ser que estemos igual que hace más de cien años. Entonces eran los descuentos que se empezaban a extender en las farmacias, francesas sobre todo, y que amenazaban el prestigio profesional de todo el colectivo. Con frases como éstas se define la situación que se presentaba en aquel momento: “…el desprestigio de que vaya por unos cuantos desnaturalizándose el ejercicio de la farmacia en tal forma que se convierta en un comercio impuro y de la peor estofa; pero conviene mucho combatir con mano firme la tendencia a la baratería, tanto más cuanto que no puede dudarse que significa un rebajamiento a todas luces nocivo y que supone una desorganización que nos llevaría en breve a la más completa ruina, y lo que creo aún más grave, a la desmoralización y el desorden, que no se compadecen en modo alguno con lo que en realidad es hoy y ha sido siempre el ejercicio de una profesión genuinamente científica como lo es la de la farmacia”. La propuesta que se hacía para controlar la situación era “la limitación de farmacias, con vigilancia estrecha del Estado y tarifa uniforme oficial”, así como “hace falta mucha inteligencia y mucha unión, hace falta que nadie permanezca indiferente, que todos y cada uno pongan de su parte lo que puedan”. Nuestra profesión mezcla una doble vertiente sanitaria y comercial que no siempre es fácil mantener equilibrada y, por lo que se ve, esto ha ocurrido así desde siempre. El problema que existe hoy en día es la mercantilización de la farmacia, un desplazamiento de establecimiento sanitario hacia una simple empresa.

Properties of Brazil nuts: A review

African Journals Online (AJOL)

aghomotsegin

2015-02-25

Feb 25, 2015 ... Brazil nut products, including oil, cake and flour, milk extract and extruded products. NUTRITIONAL ASPECTS. Brazil nut has high content of proteins, carbohydrates, unsaturated ... nuts, as part of a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol may reduce ..... products since it enables the mixing of different raw.

Notícias do Brasil colonial: a imprensa científica e política a serviço das elites (Portugal, Brasil e Inglaterra News from colonial Brazil: The scientific press and politics on the elites behalf (Portugal, Brazil e England

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ângela Domingues

2006-06-01

Full Text Available Este artigo analisa o minucioso processo de recolha de informa ção sobre a colónia brasileira através das notícias divulgadas por um jornal científico, as Philosophical Transactions, órgão oficial da Royal Society (Londres, bem como o papel desempenhado por diplomatas, cientistas, académicos e comerciantes residentes em Inglaterra na constru ção da imagem do Brasil antes desse marco cronológico tradicionalmente apontado pela historiografia oficial como .o início de todas as mudanças.: 1808.This article analyzes the minute process of collecting information on the Brazilian colony through the news divulged by a scientific periodical, Philosophical Transactions, the official organ of the Royal Society in London, as well as the role played by diplomats, scientists, academics and businessmen living in England in the construction of the image of Brazil before the chronological marker traditionally pointed to by official historiography as .the beginning of all the changes.: 1808.

El videojuego como material educativo: La Odisea

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Belén Mainer Blanco

2012-04-01

Full Text Available La investigación se basa en la función educativa que pueden cumplir los videojuegos, un campo que consideramos inexplorado por tres motivos principalmente: su reciente incorporación, su impopularidad educativa (el rechazo el videojuego como herramienta de aprendizaje y considerado, por el contrario, como una distracción, y la incompleta incorporación de las nuevas tecnologías de información y comunicación (TIC en el ámbito familiar y educativo. En una segunda parte, se ha realizado una aplicación práctica tomando como referencia la gran obra universal “La Odisea”, cuya intención es mostrar la utilidad del videojuego como complemento educativo.

Neglected tropical diseases in Brazil.

Science.gov (United States)

Lindoso, José Angelo L; Lindoso, Ana Angélica B P

2009-01-01

Poverty is intrinsically related to the incidence of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs). The main countries that have the lowest human development indices (HDI) and the highest burdens of NTDs are located in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Among these countries is Brazil, which is ranked 70th in HDI. Nine out of the ten NTDs established by the World Health Organization (WHO) are present in Brazil. Leishmaniasis, tuberculosis, dengue fever and leprosy are present over almost the entire Brazilian territory. More than 90% of malaria cases occur in the Northern region of the country, and lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis occur in outbreaks in a particular region. The North and Northeast regions of Brazil have the lowest HDIs and the highest rates of NTDs. These diseases are considered neglected because there is not important investment in projects for the development of new drugs and vaccines and existing programs to control these diseases are not sufficient. Another problem related to NTDs is co-infection with HIV, which favors the occurrence of severe clinical manifestations and therapeutic failure. In this article, we describe the status of the main NTDs currently occurring in Brazil and relate them to the HDI and poverty.

Avanços da segurança de alimentos no Brasil | Advances in food safety in Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eduardo Cesar Tondo

2015-05-01

Full Text Available Nos últimos anos, um expressivo avanço na regulação e utilização de sistemas de gestão da segurança de alimentos (SGSA tem ocorrido no Brasil. Ainda que seja difícil afirmar que o número de Doenças Transmissíveis por Alimentos (DTA tenha diminuído, sistemas como as Boas Práticas de Fabricação ou Boas Práticas (BPF/BP, Procedimentos Operacionais Padronizados (POP e Análise de Perigos e Pontos Críticos de Controle (APPCC estão cada vez mais presentes nos serviços de alimentação e indústrias de alimentos brasileiras. Além disso, ultimamente o Brasil vem utilizando os conceitos de Análise de Riscos (AR na elaboração de suas legislações e no estudo de problemas relacionados à segurança de alimentos. Como resultado desses avanços, as vigilâncias estão cada vez mais preparadas e atuantes, as legislações têm contemplado as especificidades brasileiras e, ao mesmo tempo, estão alinhadas com algumas das mais modernas do mundo e os órgãos que fomentam as implementações dos SGSA têm trabalhado incessantemente. O presente estudo tem o objetivo de abordar alguns dos recentes avanços da segurança de alimentos no Brasil, enfocando principalmente legislações sobre os SGSA e dados de implementação desses sistemas. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- In recent years, developments related to food safety regulation and implementation of food safety management systems (FSMS have occurred in Brazil. Although it is difficult to affirm if the number of foodborne diseases has decreased, implementation of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP, Standard Operation Procedures (SOP, and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP have increased in Brazilian food services and food industries. Furthermore, at present, Brazil uses the risk analysis concept for the elaboration of food regulation and to carry out food safety studies. As a result of this development, sanitary

Group Analytic Psychotherapy in Brazil.

Science.gov (United States)

Penna, Carla; Castanho, Pablo

2015-10-01

Group analytic practice in Brazil began quite early. Highly influenced by the Argentinean Pichon-Rivière, it enjoyed a major development from the 1950s to the early 1980s. Beginning in the 1970s, different factors undermined its development and eventually led to its steep decline. From the mid 1980s on, the number of people looking for either group analytic psychotherapy or group analytic training decreased considerably. Group analytic psychotherapy societies struggled to survive and most of them had to close their doors in the 1990s and the following decade. Psychiatric reform and the new public health system have stimulated a new demand for groups in Brazil. Developments in the public and not-for-profit sectors, combined with theoretical and practical research in universities, present promising new perspectives for group analytic psychotherapy in Brazil nowadays.

Allelopathic research in Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Manuel Reigosa

2013-12-01

Full Text Available In this article, we review allelopathy studies conducted in Brazil or involving plant species that occur in the country. Conceptions and misconceptions associated with allelopathy, as well as some international criteria to be applied in allelopathic research, are presented and discussed. We observed a sharp increase in the number of papers on this subject conducted in Brazil between 1991 and 2010. However, most studies are conducted under laboratory conditions, lack a clear hypothesis or a solid justification, and typically make use of target species that do not co-exist with the donor species under natural conditions. We also found that most studies do not take the additional steps in order to purify and identify the bioactive molecules. We recommend that further studies be conducted in order to explore the potential of plant biodiversity in Brazil. Such studies could lead to the development of new molecular structures (allelochemicals that could be used in the control of pests and weeds, thereby reducing the use of the harmful synthetic herbicides that are currently being widely employed.

Contabilidade gerencial como apoio ao "just in time"

OpenAIRE

Costa, Sérgio De Carvalho

2010-01-01

Descreve as técnicas da filosofia "Just in Time" e apresenta as modificações necessárias aos Sistemas Gerencias para que se tornem coerentes com a filosofia JIT, bem como meçam adequadamente a melhoria contínua da Empresa. Critica tanto o Custeio' Direto como o Custeio por Absorção, apresentando como alternativa o Custeio "ABC". Mostra como o JIT facilita o Custeio dos Produtos e destaca os aspectos estratégicos da Avaliação de Desempenho. Finalmente discorre sobre um estudo de...

El Derecho Agrario como derecho para la paz

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ricardo Zeledón Zeledón

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Contenido: El Derecho agrario surgido de la paz y para la consolidación de la paz, como fuente e instrumento para su cumplimiento. La visión de Carrozza como conjunto de reglas destinadas al fin de la paz, y la equidad. Explicación de un Derecho agrario vinculado a la paz por su origen en los Derechos Humanos Económicos y Sociales. Evolución del Derecho Agrario en los Derechos Humanos de la tercera generación (principalmente ambiente, desarrollo y paz, en las nuevas dimensiones del Derecho agrario del futuro. Derecho agrario como derecho para la paz y el respeto de los derechos humanos. Desarrollo sostenible y agricultura del futuro. La nueva orientación de los institutos del derecho agrario como instrumentos de paz, dirigidos a cumplir los fines de la justicia social, el desarrollo económico y el equilibrio ambiental. Desarrollo como respuesta a los problemas del ambiente, alimentario, de la pobreza, indígena y de la mujer rural. El rol de la justicia agraria y ambiental como derecho para la paz. El derecho agrario, disciplina forjada en una concepción iushumanista, acorde con los derechos humanos y la paz. El derecho agrario como derecho para la paz.

The Espinharas uranium occurrence, Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fuchs, H.D.; Fonte, J. da; Suckau, V.; Thakur, V.

1981-01-01

Nuclam has been exploring for uranium in Brazil since 1976. During this period one uranium ore body has been found in the vicinity of Espinharas, a village in Paraiba State, northeast Brazil. According to present knowledge, the mineralized ore body is caused by metasomatic action. The history of discovery and the exploration work until the end of 1979 is given, showing the conceptual change with increasing knowledge of the mineralized zone. (author)

Historia y trayectoria de las Relaciones Públicas en Brasil/ History of Public Relations in Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Aparecida Ferrari

2011-05-01

Full Text Available Durante muchas décadas la enseñanza y la práctica de las Relaciones Públicas en Brasil y demás países de América Latina utilizaron como referencia central un abordaje norteamericano y, en menor escala europea. Tal comportamiento llevó los profesionales a adoptar valores y modelos importados como referencia para nuestro comportamiento organizacional. Desde la década de 1990, con el fenómeno de la globalización y el avance de la tecnología, las Relaciones Públicas pasaron a ejercer un papel más estratégico y menos táctico. Hoy, las Relaciones Públicas son una profesión necesaria para el posicionamiento de las organizaciones en el mercado y también como responsable por las relaciones ente las organizaciones y sus stakeholders. / For many decades the teaching and practice of Public Relations in Brazil and in neighboring Latin American nations have largely relied on a North American and - to a lesser degree - a European perspective. This led our professionals to adopt values and imported models as the main reference for our organizational behavior. Beginning during the 1990’s and a result of globalization and technological development, Public Relations began to behave in a more strategic and less tactical manner. Today, Public Relations is a profession that is required for the positioning of organizations in the marketplace, which is also responsible for the relations between organizations and their stakeholders.

O enfermeiro como instrumento de ação no cuidar do idoso El enfermero como instrumento de accion en el cuidado del anciano The nurse as an action tool in care for the aged

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Karine Ramos Brum

2005-12-01

enfrentamiento de la situación vivida. El estudio permitió señalar algunas contribuciones para las áreas del cuidado, la atención, la docencia y la investigación, contemplando la actitud del enfermero como instrumento de acción en el cuidado del anciano.This study approaches nursing care as related to the aged. The studied situation involved health care needs of hospitalized persons, using the following central question: which is the meaning of nurses' actions when attending hospitalized aged patients without expectation of recovery and when technology is no longer that important? We aimed to reflect about hospitalized elders' needs in nursing reality. Comprehensive Sociology was used as a theoretical-methodological framework. The study was carried out at an Intensive Care Service of a Municipal Hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro - Brazil. The subjects were nurses who attend hospitalized aged persons without any expectation of recovery, who were approached through a phenomenological interview. Through a comprehensive analysis, we identified care by being together, providing at the same time physical comfort and well-being to cope with the situation as typical of nursing actions. This study indicates some contributions for nursing care, assistance, teaching and research, aimed at strengthening nurses' attitude as an action tool in care for aged patients.

Los ritmos como terapia para la impulsividad

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mónica Triviño

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Investigaciones recientes muestran que el uso de patrones rítmicos facilita la respuesta óptima en el tiempo, por lo que el entrenamiento mediante ritmos podría proponerse como terapia novedosa ante problemas como la impulsividad. Esto podría beneficiar a pacientes con daño prefrontal o personas con trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH, que suelen mostrar conductas impulsivas, así como dificultad para estimar el paso del tiempo.

Como se articulam vergonha e quebra de confiança na justificação da ação moral

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mauro Guilherme Pinheiro Koury

2013-04-01

Full Text Available Este artigo tem como objetivo compreender a relação entre medos e cotidiano, a partir de um caso ocorrido no bairro do Rangel, em João Pessoa, Paraíba, no mês de julho de 2009, ocorrência que ficou conhecida no imaginário de cidade como “a chacina do Rangel”. A narrativa apresentada, através de um balanço das emoções envolvidas no processo, se baseou na terminologia eliasiana sobre a vergonha, como um sentimento social e moral, associando-a às noções de quebra de confiança de Sennet (1980; 1972, de raiva-ira e de inferioridade trazidas por Retzinger (1991, Scheff (1990 e Scheff e Retzinger (1991, entre outros. The article The Roles of Shame and Breaking Trust in the Justification of Moral Action aims to offer an understanding of the relationship between fears and everyday life, based on a case that oc­curred in the neighborhood of Rangel, in João Pes­soa, Paraíba, Brazil, in July 2009. This event became known as The Rangel Massacre. Weighing up the emotions involved in the process, the narrative is based on the Eliasian terminology about shame, as a social and moral feeling, associating it to Sennet’s notions of breaking trust (1980; 1972, of anger and inferiority brought by Retzinger (1991, Scheff (1990 and Scheff and Retzinger (1991, among others. Keywords: massacre, fear, shame, trust, morality

Brazil: anchoring the region

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Costamilan, L.C.L.

1997-01-01

The role of Brazil's state-run petroleum company, Petrobras, in providing a national supply of oil and natural gas and their products to Brazil was discussed. Petrobras is the sole state-run enterprise which carries out research, exploration, production, refining, imports, exports and the transportation of oil and gas in Brazil. Petrobras has built a complete and modern infrastructure made up of refineries, distribution bases, terminals and oil and gas pipelines. Recently (1995) the Brazilian National Assembly approved legislation that while confirming the state monopoly, also provides private contractors and other state-owned companies ways to participate in the petroleum sector. There exists a great potential for oil and gas in many of Brazil's 29 sedimentary basins. The regulatory legislation also created two new organs to deal with the partial deregulation of the petroleum sector, the National Board for Energy Policy and the National Petroleum Agency. The first of these will deal with policy issues, measures and guidelines regarding regional energy supply and demand and specific programs such as those affecting natural gas, fuel alcohol, coal and nuclear energy. The National Petroleum Agency will manage the hydrocarbon sector on behalf of the government. Its functions will include regulation and monitoring of the sector, managing the bidding process for concessions for exploration and production, and other related activities. The new legislation opens up new horizons for the Brazilian oil sector, providing opportunities for private investment, both domestic and foreign, as well as for new technological capabilities associated with these investments. 1 tab., 6 figs

Biomass briquetting and its perspectives in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Felfli, Felix Fonseca; Mesa P, Juan M.; Rocha, Jose Dilcio; Filippetto, Daniele; Luengo, Carlos A.; Pippo, Walfrido Alonso

2011-01-01

A study of the status of biomass briquetting and its perspectives in Brazil was conducted including determination of the availability and characteristics of the agro-residues for briquetting. Wood residues, rice husk and coffee husk were characterized and identified as the more promising agro-residues for briquetting in the short-term in Brazil. A survey was carried out in order to determine the number of briquetting factories in Brazil, and also to determine: used briquetting technologies, briquettes production, briquettes sale prices, the status of biomass briquetting market and its future perspectives. (author)

The situation of nuclear research in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Alves, R.N.

1989-04-01

In order to understand the nuclear research situation in Brazil, one must examine the historical facts and their political, economical and social dimensions. In the first part of this work, the international aspects of the nuclear area and the corresponding measures adopted in Brazil are examined. The reasons that caused the country to adopt the current development model are presented. A proposal that will permit Brazil to develop and use nuclear energy in the way it wants and not as it might be imposed is presented. 4 tabs

Biomass briquetting and its perspectives in Brazil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Felfli, Felix Fonseca; Mesa P, Juan M. [BIOWARE Ltda., Caixa Postal 6086, 13083-970, Campinas, SP (Brazil); Rocha, Jose Dilcio [EMBRAPA-Agroenergia, Brasilia, DF (Brazil); Filippetto, Daniele; Luengo, Carlos A.; Pippo, Walfrido Alonso [Grupo Combustiveis Alternativos/Departamento de Fisica Aplicada/IFGW/UNICAMP, Caixa Postal 6165, Barao Geraldo 13083-970, Campinas, SP (Brazil)

2011-01-15

A study of the status of biomass briquetting and its perspectives in Brazil was conducted including determination of the availability and characteristics of the agro-residues for briquetting. Wood residues, rice husk and coffee husk were characterized and identified as the more promising agro-residues for briquetting in the short-term in Brazil. A survey was carried out in order to determine the number of briquetting factories in Brazil, and also to determine: used briquetting technologies, briquettes production, briquettes sale prices, the status of biomass briquetting market and its future perspectives. (author)

Lycopodiaceae in Brazil. Conspectus of the family

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Øllgaard, Benjamin; Windisch, Paulo G.

2014-01-01

A conspectus of the Lycopodiaceae in Brazil is presented, following a generic classification based on anatomy, chromosome numbers, spores and gametophytes, as well as recent molecular studies. The species of Lycopodiaceae occurring in Brazil, traditionally treated conservatively, were grouped...

INCREASE INCOME AND MORTALITY OF COLORRECTAL CANCER IN BRAZIL, 2001-2009

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Raphael Mendonça GUIMARÃES

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Context Several international studies have observed a correlation between the improvement of socio-demographic indicators and rates of incidence and mortality from cancer of the colon and rectum. Objective The objective of this study is to estimate the correlation between average per capita income and the rate of colorectal cancer mortality in Brazil between 2001 and 2009. Methods We obtained data on income inequality (Gini index, population with low incomes (½ infer the minimum wage/month, average family income, per capita ICP and mortality from colon cancer and straight between 2001-2009 by DATASUS. A trend analysis was performed using linear regression, and correlation between variables by Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results There was a declining trend in poverty and income inequality, and growth in ICP per capita and median family income and standardized mortality rate for colorectal cancer in Brazil. There was also strong positive correlation between mortality from this site of cancer and inequality (men r = -0.30, P = 0.06, women r = -0.33, P = 0.05 income low income (men r = -0.80, P Contexto Diversos estudos internacionais têm observado uma correlação entre a melhora dos indicadores sociodemográficos e as taxas de incidência e mortalidade por câncer de cólon e reto. Objetivo O objetivo do presente estudo é estimar a correlação entre renda média per capita e a taxa de mortalidade por câncer colorretal no Brasil entre 2001 e 2009. Métodos Obteve-se os dados de desigualdade de renda (índice de Gini, população que vive com baixa renda (inferir a ½ salário mínimo/mês, renda média familiar, PIB per capita e taxa de mortalidade por câncer de cólon e reto entre 2001 e 2009 através do DATASUS. A análise de tendência foi realizada através do método de regressão linear, e a correlação entre as variáveis através do coeficiente de correlação de Pearson. Resultados Observou-se tendência ao declínio da

IDRC in Brazil

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

local farmers — particularly women — ... INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH CENTRE. FL. IC ... the roots of violence ... Wage inequalities in Brazil and India ... foreign policy efforts, IDRC supports research in developing countries.

Quando Existir é Resistir: Two-spirit como crítica colonial

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Estevão Rafael Fernandes

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Resumo Buscando recuperar o aspecto de crítica colonial do movimento two-spirit norte-americano, este artigo pretende ampliar o campo de possibilidades nos estudos das sexualidades indígenas, propondo um passo além para os estudos de gênero (bem como dos estudos coloniais. Neste sentido, situaremos o surgimento das organizações two-spirit nos Estados Unidos, desde sua gênese, de modo a mais bem compreender suas contribuições epistemológicas. A partir dessas potencialidades, buscaremos problematizar questões e desafios para o estudo das sexualidades indígenas queer no Brasil. Palavras-Chave: Sexualidades indígenas, Two-Spirit, Teoria Queer, Colonialismo   When to exist is to resist: Two-spirit as colonial critique Abstract By analyzing the two-spirit movement from its contributions to colonial critics, this article aims to expand the field of possibilities on the studies of indigenous sexualities, suggesting a step further to gender studies (as well as colonial studies. In this sense, one will place the emergence of two-spirit organizations in the United States, from its genesis in order to better understand its epistemological contributions. From these potentials, one seek to discuss issues and challenges for the studies of queer sexualities indigenous in Brazil. Keywords: Native Sexualities, Two-Spirit, Queer Theory, Colonialism   Cuando existir es resistir: Dos espíritus como crítica colonial Resumen Al analizar el movimiento de los dos espíritus desde sus aportes a las críticas coloniales, este artículo pretende ampliar el campo de posibilidades sobre los estudios de las sexualidades indígenas, sugiriendo un paso más allá de los estudios de género. En este sentido, se pondrá en el surgimiento de las organizaciones de dos espíritus en los Estados Unidos, desde su génesis para comprender mejor sus contribuciones epistemológicas. Palabras clave: Sexualidades nativas, Dos Espíritus, Teoría Queer, Colonialismo

Rising Expectations in Brazil and Chile

Science.gov (United States)

Elacqua, Gregory; Alves, Fatima

2014-01-01

Two themes connect Brazil and Chile: one is economic success; the other is social unrest. Protests rocked cities across Brazil in June 2013, and in Chile, recent student protests turned violent. Yet living conditions in both nations are better now than they've ever been. Successful economic and social reforms over the last two decades have led to…

Brazil: New Developmentalism and the Management of Offshore Oil Wealth

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Giorgio Romano Schutte

2013-10-01

Full Text Available Since the 1930s development strategies in Brazil have made reducing its dependence on imported energy one of their priorities. Efforts focused on hydro-electric power, ethanol and oil. Offshore oil exploration by the state oil company Petrobras began in the 1970s and resulted in energy independence by 2006. In the same year, however, unexpectedly large oil reserves were discovered in the so-called Pre-Salt levels, transforming the country into a potential major oil exporter. This new reality creates major challenges for Brazil. New legislation and new policies have been set up to use this opportunity to accelerate development. The discussion on how to make the best use of offshore oil resources is guided by a so-called neo-developmentalism approach, introduced during President Lula’s second term. In practice this means a modest increase in state control with new regulations focused on local content. Special attention should be given to expanding research and development activities. Foreign capital and technology are welcome as long as they are willing to operate in the framework of a national development strategy. This paper will examine the main features and challenges of these new policies within the broader framework of the present discussion on neo-developmentalism in Brazil.Resumen: Brasil: Nuevo desarrollismo y la gestión de la riqueza petrolífera offshoreDesde los años treinta del siglo pasado, las estrategias de desarrollo en Brasil se han propuesto como una de sus prioridades reducir su dependencia de la energía importada. Los esfuerzos se enfocaron en la energía hidroeléctrica, en el etanol y en el petróleo. Las prospecciones petrolíferas offshore llevadas a cabo por la petrolera estatal Petrobras empezaron en los años setenta y tuvieron como resultado la independencia energética en 2006. Sin embargo, ese mismo año, se descubrieron inesperadamente grandes reservas de petróleo en los niveles llamados pre-sal, que

LOS ACTORES DEL ESCENARIO PEDAGÓGICO COMO COMPONENTE DEL MODELO PEDAGÓGICO PARA INDISCIPLINAR EL DERECHO COMO CIENCIA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jorge Eduardo Vásquez Santamaría

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Resultado del escenario pedagógico como plataforma inicial problematizadora a partir de la cual se identifican y describen fundamentos orientadores tradicionales y no tradicionales que permitan reevaluar el Derecho para acreditarlo como ciencia social, se exponen los resultados obtenidos en el trabajo de campo adelantado con abogados docentes y estudiantes de Derecho como sus actores pedagógicos, quienes representan los elementos “Quién” y “A quién” del modelo pedagógico, en este caso primordialmente tradicionalista, imperante en los currículos de los programas de Derecho deColombia.

Ocorrência de Babesia sp em pequenos roedores no Brasil Occurrence of Babesia sp in small rodents in Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

G.S. Gazeta

2004-12-01

Full Text Available Foi analisada a ocorrência de babesiose em pequenos roedores nos municípios de Silva Jardim e Nova lguaçu, Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Foram capturados 44 roedores de seis espécies diferentes e entre eles a prevalência da infecção foi de 27,3%. Rattus norvegicus foi considerado o principal reservatório (50,0% e Oligoryzomys nigripes como novo hospedeiro para Babesia sp. Este foi o primeiro relato de Babesia sp. em roedores no Brasil. A freqüência de roedores positivos e o risco de infecção dos roedores não diferiram entre as áreas estudadas.The occurrence of babesiosis was studied in 44 small rodents of six species captured in Silva Jardim and Nova lguaçu counties, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The prevalence of injection was 27.3%. Rattus norvegicus was considered as the main reservoir and Oligoryzomys nigripes as a new host to Babesia sp. The frequency and the risk of rodent infection were considered equal among the studied areas. This is the first report of Babesia sp in small rodents in Brazil.

LA CUESTIÓN AGRARIA COMO ENFOQUE Y COMO PROBLEMA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Salgado

2000-01-01

Full Text Available Este ensayo trata de llamar la atención sobre los problemas del agro hoy, colocando especial énfasis en la disrupción entre las razones tecnológicas -que se asumen como ideológicas-, económicas y políticas que han inspirado el desarrollo del agro, o mejor, sobre las cuales se han basado las políticas de crecimiento agropecuario.

Occupational health and safety in Brazil.

Science.gov (United States)

Frumkin, H; Câmara, V de M

1991-12-01

Brazil is the world's fifth largest and sixth most populous nation. Its economy is varied, with strong manufacturing, agriculture, mining, and service sectors. Therefore, a wide variety of workplace hazards confronts its work force. This paper describes Brazil's occupational safety and health regulatory scheme, workers' compensation system, plant-level practices, training, and data collection. We reviewed and analyzed Brazilian regulatory legislation and government and non-governmental organization (NGO) activity in occupational safety and health, as well as the structure and function of the workers' compensation system. We also reviewed available data on injuries and diseases from major sources, including the now-defunct Instituto Nacional do Previdencia Social (INPS) and the workers' compensation scheme, Seguro de Acidente de Trabalho (SAT). The incidence of workplace injuries has decreased in recent years and is now reported to be about 5 per 100 workers per year. The case fatality rate has been constant at about 5 fatalities per 1000 injuries. Less than 6% of reported injuries are classified as "diseases." Brazil's rates are comparable to those of Mexico and Zimbabwe, and two to four times higher than in most industrialized countries. Brazil has a high incidence of occupational injuries and diseases; these injuries and diseases are underreported; there is a large informal sector at special risk; and Brazil illustrates the disparity that exists in many countries between legislation on the books and legislation that is actually implemented.

Understanding the curriculum the light of training guiding health in Brazil.

Science.gov (United States)

Moraes, Bibiana Arantes; Costa, Nilce Maria da Silva

2016-06-01

To analyze Pedagogical Projects Courses (PPCs) from the healthcare field in light of the National Curriculum Standards (NCS) policies on healthcare training. Exploratory descriptive study of qualitative approach, in which were carried out analyzes of PPPs of Nursing, Pharmacy, Medicine, Nutrition and Dentistry of a federal university in the Midwest region of Brazil. As technical analysis of documentary sources, adopted the content analysis in the thematic mode. The analysis of PPC showed the general aspects of PPC as the course features the historical percursso and construction, professional skills and competences required for professional performance and the guiding principles of formation characterized by technical, professional practice, articulation theory/ practice, interdisciplinarity and ethical / social training. PPC presented is consistent with the proposals set out in DCN and carry training policies in health in Brazil, providing adequate training for health professionals, the demands of the population and the National Health System. Analisar os Projetos Pedagógicos de Cursos (PPC) da área da saúde à luz das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais (DCN) e das políticas indutoras de formação em saúde do Brasil. Pesquisa descritiva exploratória de abordagem qualitativa, na qual foram realizadas análises dos PPC dos cursos de Enfermagem, Farmácia, Medicina, Nutrição e Odontologia de uma instituição federal de ensino superior da região Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Como técnica de análises das fontes documentais, adotou-se a análise de conteúdo, na modalidade temática. As análises dos PPC evidenciaram os aspectos gerais dos PPC como as características do curso, o percursso histórico e sua construção, habilidades e competências profissionais requeridas para o desempenho profissional e os princípios norteadores da formação caracterizados pela técnica, prática profissional, articulação teoria/prática, interdisciplinaridade e formação �

The victory against Greenpeace-Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

2001-01-01

The author writes down an interview with the President of the Brazilian association for nuclear energy (ABEN). ABEN has actively participated to the rebirth of nuclear energy in Brazil. During the beginning of the nineties Brazil underwent several anti-nuclear campaigns led by Greenpeace-Brazil, these campaigns found a favorable echo among the public because of the radiation accident of Goiania (1987) when a Cesium-137 source found in a dump site irradiated several families, killing 4 people, and of the technical difficulties that appeared during the first operating months of the Angra-1 nuclear power plant. The public controversy was so strong that it was in the air to stop the building work on the Angra-2 site. A counter campaign showing the dark sides of the Greenpeace organisation, opened the eyes to Brazilian politicians and now nuclear energy is re-established in the public esteem. (A.C.)

Architecture of Brazil 1900-1990

CERN Document Server

Segawa, Hugo

2013-01-01

Architecture of Brazil: 1900-1990 examines the processes that underpin modern Brazilian architecture under various influences and characterizes different understandings of modernity, evident in the chapter topics of this book. Accordingly, the author does not give overall preference to particular architects nor works, with the exception of a few specific works and architects, including Warchavchik, Niemeyer, Lucio Costa, and Vilanova Artigas. In summary, this book: Meticulously examines the controversies, achievements, and failures in constructing spaces, buildings, and cities in a dynamic country Gives a broad view of Brazilian architecture in the twentieth century Proposes a reinterpretation of the varied approaches of the modern movement up to the Second World War Analyzes ideological impacts of important Brazilian architects including Oscar Niemeyer, Lucio Costa and Vilanova Artigas Discusses work of expatriate architects in Brazil Features over 140 illustrations In Architecture of Brazil: 1900-1990, S...

La realidad como materia novelable: Alejo Carpentier

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Raquel Arias Careaga

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Desde que en 1897 Benito Pérez Galdós defendiera como materia prima legítima de la literatura «la vida misma, de donde el artista saca las ficciones que nos instruyen y embelesan» (Pérez Galdós, 1990: 159, el realismo como instrumento de indagación y análisis de la sociedad no ha dejado de crecer y expandirse. Realismo crítico, como este de Galdós, que implica una ampliación del concepto chato de «realidad», incluyendo en ella «recuerdos, sueños, imaginación, locura, símbolos» para contribuir a la formación de un «realismo total» (Rodríguez Puértolas, 2000, II: 93, al que se une también la asimilación de enseñanzas esenciales como la que representa la narrativa de Cervantes: La novelística de Galdós hunde sus raíces en el mejor Cervantes, como puede verse en su peculiar sentido del humor y de la ironía, en la concepción perspectivista de la realidad y en tantas otras cosas, algunas de ellas en verdad fundamentales. Así el concepto de la Naturaleza y sus relaciones dialécticas con el ser humano; así el Amor como elemento vital y animador del orden cósmico, muy alejado del idealismo vulgar romántico (Ibid., 93.

El humanismo como paradigma de la enfermería como ciencia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Núñez Gómez Nicolás Arturo

1999-12-01

Full Text Available

Humanism's philosophical conception is presented to development a paradigm of nursing science. The nursing from creation has been guided toward professional practice and category; of Care has been fundamental contribution. In this article our intends is to grow some fine general of reflection so that nurses contribute to development of a science called nursing and whose accent is man in their multiple dimensions.

A partir del humanismo como concepción filosófica se presenta una propuesta para crear un paradigma de la enfermería como ciencia. Desde su creación, la enfermería se ha orientado hacia su práctica profesional y la categoría de cuidado ha sido su aporte fundamental. Este artículo se propone crear unas líneas generales de reflexión, para que las enfermeras aporten al desarrollo de una ciencia llamada enfermería y cuyo acento es el hombre en sus múltiples dimensiones.

Montagem e Imagem como Paradigma

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cesar Huapaya

2016-01-01

Full Text Available O pensar como montagem e imagem tornou-se um método revelador nos processos de estudos práticos e teóricos do artista e dos pesquisadores nos séculos XX e XXI. Este artigo procura articular três formas de pensar por montagem: nas obras de Bertolt Brecht, Sergei Eisenstein e Georges DidiHuberman. O filósofo e historiador da arte Georges Didi-Huberman reinaugura o debate e o exercício de pensar a antropologia da imagem e a montagem como metalinguagem e forma de conhecimento.

Ocular sequelae of congenital toxoplasmosis in Brazil compared with Europe.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ruth E Gilbert

2008-08-01

Full Text Available Toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis appears to be more severe in Brazil, where it is a leading cause of blindness, than in Europe, but direct comparisons are lacking. Evidence is accumulating that more virulent genotypes of Toxoplasma gondii predominate in South America.We compared prospective cohorts of children with congenital toxoplasmosis identified by universal neonatal screening in Brazil and neonatal or prenatal screening in Europe between 1992 and 2003, using the same protocol in both continents.Three hundred and eleven (311 children had congenital toxoplasmosis: 30 in Brazil and 281 in Europe, where 71 were identified by neonatal screening. Median follow up was 4.1 years in Europe and 3.7 years in Brazil. Relatively more children had retinochoroiditis during the first year in Brazil than in Europe (15/30; 50% versus 29/281; 10% and the risk of lesions by 4 years of age was much higher: the hazard ratio for Brazil versus Europe was 5.36 (95%CI: 3.17, 9.08. Children in Brazil had larger lesions, which were more likely to be multiple and to affect the posterior pole (p<0.0001. In Brazil, visual impairment (<6/12 Snellen was predicted for most affected eyes (87%, 27/31, but not in Europe (29%; 20/69, p<0.0001. The size of newly detected lesions decreased with age (p = 0.0007.T. gondii causes more severe ocular disease in congenitally infected children in Brazil compared with Europe. The marked differences in the frequency, size and multiplicity of retinochoroidal lesions may be due to infection with more virulent genotypes of the parasite that predominate in Brazil but are rarely found in Europe.

Ocular sequelae of congenital toxoplasmosis in Brazil compared with Europe.

Science.gov (United States)

Gilbert, Ruth E; Freeman, Katherine; Lago, Eleonor G; Bahia-Oliveira, Lilian M G; Tan, Hooi Kuan; Wallon, Martine; Buffolano, Wilma; Stanford, Miles R; Petersen, Eskild

2008-08-13

Toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis appears to be more severe in Brazil, where it is a leading cause of blindness, than in Europe, but direct comparisons are lacking. Evidence is accumulating that more virulent genotypes of Toxoplasma gondii predominate in South America. We compared prospective cohorts of children with congenital toxoplasmosis identified by universal neonatal screening in Brazil and neonatal or prenatal screening in Europe between 1992 and 2003, using the same protocol in both continents. Three hundred and eleven (311) children had congenital toxoplasmosis: 30 in Brazil and 281 in Europe, where 71 were identified by neonatal screening. Median follow up was 4.1 years in Europe and 3.7 years in Brazil. Relatively more children had retinochoroiditis during the first year in Brazil than in Europe (15/30; 50% versus 29/281; 10%) and the risk of lesions by 4 years of age was much higher: the hazard ratio for Brazil versus Europe was 5.36 (95%CI: 3.17, 9.08). Children in Brazil had larger lesions, which were more likely to be multiple and to affect the posterior pole (p<0.0001). In Brazil, visual impairment (<6/12 Snellen) was predicted for most affected eyes (87%, 27/31), but not in Europe (29%; 20/69, p<0.0001). The size of newly detected lesions decreased with age (p = 0.0007). T. gondii causes more severe ocular disease in congenitally infected children in Brazil compared with Europe. The marked differences in the frequency, size and multiplicity of retinochoroidal lesions may be due to infection with more virulent genotypes of the parasite that predominate in Brazil but are rarely found in Europe.

La biblioteca como editora de contenidos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alonso-Arévalo, Julio

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Una de las características más innovadoras de la biblioteca del siglo 21 tiene que ver con la toma de una postura activa frente a la gestión y generación de contenidos. Con la llegada de la Web 2.0 las bibliotecas no sólo siguen salvaguardando y difundiendo información como han venido realizando a lo largo de su historia, también cada vez con más frecuencia crean nueva información con el objetivo de prestar los mejores servicios a sus ciudadanos, a través de recursos y servicios tales como la elaboración guías de investigación, boletines de alerta y novedades, recursos web, información a través de sus blogs, y como administradores de contenidos a través de repositorios y revistas de acceso abierto. Un paso más allá en esta dinámica tienen que ver con la biblioteca como editora y distribuidora de libros, especialmente en el ámbito local, siendo la impulsora, formadora, dinamizador y difusoras de las obras de los autores de su comunidad.

Bolivia's gas heads for Brazil as Argentina waits - and watches

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Knight, P.

1998-01-01

The first 1,800 km stretch of a 3,400 km natural gas pipeline from Bolivia to Brazil will start operating in December. First planned 50 years ago, the pipeline has long been expected to result in an immediate surge of gas use in Brazil. However, impending deep recession in Brazil makes this prospect less likely despite the power shortages which indicate the need for considerable gas imports. Initially, most Bolivian gas will flow through Brazil to Argentina. But gas production is expanding rapidly in Argentina and the supply contract with Bolivia ends in 1999. Plans are well advanced to build two gas lines into the south of the Brazil from Argentina. Ultimately, it is anticipated that Argentina, which has abundant reserves and a virtually saturated domestic market, will become the principal source of natural gas for Brazil. (UK)

Aspergillus bertholletius sp. nov. from Brazil Nuts

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Taniwaki, Marta H.; Pitt, John I.; Iamanaka, Beatriz T.

2012-01-01

During a study on the mycobiota of brazil nuts (Bertholletia excelsa) in Brazil, a new Aspergillus species, A. bertholletius, was found, and is described here. A polyphasic approach was applied using morphological characters, extrolite data as well as partial beta-tubulin, calmodulin and ITS sequ...

Brazil's uranium/thorium deposits: geology, reserves, potential

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

McNeil, M.

1979-01-01

With its area of 8.5 million square kilometers (3.3 million square miles) Brazil is the world's fifth largest nation, occupying almost one half of the continent of South America. Its vastness and its wide variety of geological terrain suggest that parts of Brazil may be favorable for many kinds of uranium deposits. The nation's favorability for uranium is indicated by the high correspondence between discoveries and the amount of exploration done to date. For the first time, the uranium and thorium resources of Brazil and their geologic setting are described here in a single volume. 270 refs

Geografia social da AIDS no Brasil The social geography of AIDS in Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Francisco Inácio Bastos

1995-02-01

Full Text Available São divulgados os primeiros resultados da avaliação da dinâmica da epidemia da AIDS no Brasil através de técnicas de análise da distribuição espacial. São revisadas questões metodológicas, apontando as dificuldades de estabelecer regiões geográficas homogêneas no Brasil. Descrevem-se tendências recentes da dinâmica da epidemia da AIDS no Brasil - pauperização, interiorização e alteração na participação proporcional das categorias de exposição. Avalia-se a distribuição de casos de AIDS por Unidades da Federação (UFs, confeccionando-se mapas relativos à disseminação da epidemia no período 1987-1993 nas diversas UFs, estabelecendo-se os Centros Gravimétricos (CGs relativos a esses anos. A análise do posicionamento e deslocamento pluri-anual desses CGs indica a força atrativa do Estado de São Paulo como pólo de difusão da epidemia e uma expansão simultânea da epidemia em direção às fronteiras de ocupação. Essas tendências colocam dificuldades adicionais às atividades de prevenção ao acrescentarem novos segmentos populacionais e regiões geográficas ao quadro observado inicialmente nas principais regiões metropolitanas e segmentos mais afetados.The first of a series of papers concerning the evaluation of the dynamics of the AIDS epidemic in Brazil employing techniques of geographical analysis, is here presented. Results of research undertaken in the US (especially in New York City are compared with those of a recent investigation carried out in the city of S.Paulo, Brazil (Grangeiro, 1994. In both, geographical patterns of socio-demographic variables correlate with different patterns of the spread of the AIDS epidemic through the transmission groups. Recent trends of the AIDS epidemic in Brazil: the displacement toward medium sized cities and expansion frontiers, increasing report of AIDS cases among the poor and underprivileged, changes in the pattern of transmission with proportional

Identificação de roedores silvestres como hospedeiros do Angiostrongylus costaricensis no sul do Brasil Identification of wild rodents as hosts of Angiostrongylus costaricensis in the South of Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Graeff-Teixeira

1990-06-01

Full Text Available Um número crescente de casos de angiostrongilíase abdominal tem sido detectado no sul do Brasil. O principal hospedeiro do Angiostrongylus costaricensis na América Central, o rato do algodão (Sigmodon hispidus, não ocorre na América do Sul, exceto no norte do Peru, Colômbia e Venezuela. Foram realizadas capturas na área endêmica do Rio Grande do Sul (RS, visando identificar hospedeiros para obtenção de vermes em laboratório e produção de antígeno. Pela primeira vez no Brasil foi constatada a infecção em roedores: Oryzomys nigripes e Oryzomys ratticeps. O. nigripes é um roedor silvestre de pequeno porte e parece ser o principal hospedeiro definitivo do A. costaricensis na região serrana do RS.Increasing number of human cases of abdominal angiostrongyliasis has been diagnosed in the south of Brazil. The main definitive host of Angiostrongylus costaricensis in Central America is the cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus that does not occur in South America, except in the north of Colombia, Peru and Venezuela. Rodents were captured in the endemic area in Rio Grande do Sul (RS and definitive hosts were identified for the first time in Brazil: Oryzomys nigripes and Oryzomys ratticeps. O. nigripes is a small wild rodent and it appears to be the main definitive host of A. costaricensis in the highlands of RS, Brazil's southermost State.

Investimento privado: uma análise empírica para o Brasil Private investment: an empirical analysis for Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Viviane Luporini

2010-12-01

Full Text Available O presente estudo identifica os determinantes do investimento privado no Brasil para o período compreendido entre 1970 e 2005. O artigo apresenta as principais teorias de investimento, os desenvolvimentos recentes e as principais aplicações para os dados brasileiros. Os resultados indicam que aumentos na renda e na atividade econômica influenciam positivamente o investimento do setor privado no Brasil. A redução no volume de crédito e a existência de instabilidades políticas e econômicas mostraram-se prejudiciais ao investimento privado no período analisado. A implementação de políticas públicas que possam garantir a estabilidade econômica e a credibilidade dos agentes, assim como aumentos na oferta de crédito, podem elevar o nível de investimento privado no Brasil.This study identifies the determinants of private investment in Brazil over the period of 1970 to 2005. The paper presents the main investment theories, and recent developments of these theories, as well as how they can be applied to Brazilian data. The results indicate that increases in income and economic activity have positively influenced private sector investment in Brazil. The reduction in credit volume and the existence of political and economic instabilities are shown as being harmful to private investment in the analyzed period. The implementation of public policies that can guarantee economic stability and improve the government's credibility, along with increases in credit offer, may boost private investment in Brazil.

Quando um primitivo é como um orbe? Quando um primitivo é como um orbe?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

J. Hillis Miller

2008-04-01

Full Text Available Minhas estratégias de analise textual se tornarão mais ou menos evidentes na leitura que se segue. Sua proveniência deveriam tornar-se & cia. 0 ensaio foi inicialmente pensado come parte do livro The Linguistic Moment (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985. Aqui, como no livro, minha preocupação maior e com aqueles momentos em poemas em que a poesia como meio de comunicação constitui problema. Interessa-me particularmente a forma pela qual as fronteiras entre a linguagem conceitual e a figurative se tornam pouco visiveis no poema "A Primitive like an Orb", da última fase da poesia de Wallace Stevens.

Mosses as indicators of atmospheric metal deposition in an industrial area of southern Brazil Musgos como indicadores da deposição atmosférica de metais em uma área industrial do sul do Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aline Correa Mazzoni

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Caxias do Sul hosts the second largest metal-mechanic pole in Brazil, which increases the risk of atmospheric contamination. With the aim of identifying species that might be useful as indicators of atmospheric deposition of metals, 15 species of mosses from an urban and a rural setting were analyzed and compared with specimens deposited at the Herbarium of the Universidade de Caxias do Sul. Metal concentrations (Zn, Ni, Cd, Cr, Cu and Pb were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS. The Mann-Whitney test indicated concentrations of Zn, Cu, Pb and Cr that were significantly different between the urban and rural areas. Additionally, Concentrations of Zn, Cd, Cu and Pb were significantly higher in recently collected samples. The species Thuidium tomentosum Besch., Sematophyllum subpinnatum (Brid. E. Britton, Helicodontium capillare (Hedw. A. Jaeger, Schlotheimia jamesonii (W.-Arnott Brid. and Meteorium deppei (Hornsch. ex Müll. Hal. Mitt. are potential biomonitors of atmospheric metal deposition.Caxias do Sul sedia o segundo maior pólo metal mecânico do Brasil, apresentando elevado risco de contaminação atmosférica. Com o objetivo de identificar espécies úteis como indicadoras da deposição atmosférica de metais, foram analisadas 15 espécies de musgos procedentes da zona urbana e da área rural e espécimens depositados no Herbário da Universidade de Caxias do Sul. Os metais (Zn, Ni, Cd, Cr, Cu e Pb foram determinados por meio de Espectrometria de Absorção Atômica (AAS. O Teste de Mann-Whitney indicou diferenças significativas nas concentrações de Zn, Cu, Pb e Cr entre as áreas urbana e rural. Um aumento significativo na presença de Zn, Cd, Cu e Pb foi evidenciado nas amostras recentes. As espécies Thuidium tomentosum Besch., Sematophyllum subpinnatum (Brid. E. Britton, Helicodontium capillare (Hedw. A. Jaeger, Schlotheimia jamesonii (W.-Arnott Brid. e Meteorium deppei (Hornsch. ex Müll. Hal. Mitt. são indicadas

La transparencia como objetivo del desarrollo sostenible

OpenAIRE

Juan José Gilli

2017-01-01

El presente trabajo tiene por propósito precisar el significado de la transparencia en la gestión pública como una exigencia de carácter ético relacionada con la información que los agentes deben dar en el ámbito sus funciones, reconociendo al ciudadano como el dueño de la información que producen y guardan. La transparencia tiene un especial valor como herramienta para combatir la corrupción y, de esa forma, contribuir a la meta de lograr instituciones inclusivas y efectivas para el desarrol...

Demand for fisheries products in Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daniel Yokoyama Sonoda

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Fish consumption per capita in Brazil is relatively modest when compared to other animal proteins. This study analyses the influence of protein prices, other food prices and population income on the fish demand in Brazil. First, the problem of fish supply in Brazil is characterized. It is followed by reviews of the relevant economic theory and methods of Almost Ideal Demand System - AIDS and their elasticity calculations. A descriptive analysis of fish demand in Brazil using the microdata called "Pesquisa de Orçamento Familiar" (Familiar Budget Research - POF 2002-2003 is presented. Finally, demand functions and their elasticities are calculated for two different cases: one considering five groups of animal proteins (Chicken; Milk and Eggs; Fish; Processed Proteins and Red Meat and other with seven groups of food categories (Cereals; Vegetables and Fruits; Milky and Eggs; Oils and Condiments; Fish; Other processed foods; and Meats. The main results are: per capita consumption of fish (4.6 kg per inhabitant per year is low in Brazil because few households consume fish. When only households with fish consumption are considered, the per capita consumption would be higher: 27.2 kg per inhabitant per year. The fish consumption in the North-East Region is concentrated in the low-income class. In the Center-South Region, the fish consumption is lower and concentrated in the intermediate income classes. The main substitutes for fish are the processed proteins and not the traditional types of meat, such as chicken and red meat.

A montagem cinematográfica como ato criativo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Dora Genis Mourão

2006-06-01

Full Text Available O foco deste trabalho é refletir sobre a montagem cinematográfica como ato criativo, não a montagem pensada como simples agenciadora de planos, mas como criadora de sentidos. É na maneira como o cinema articula e aproxima as imagens e os sons que verificamos sua transformação em discurso. Criam-se novos sentidos, uma nova lógica onde os significados não são transparentes, nascida da associação de fragmentos. Justapõem-se duas realidades: a da vida propriamente dita e a do filme, a do discurso e, ainda dentro do filme, a justaposição de planos determinando novas leituras das Imagens. Partindo dos princípios da teoria da montagem cinematográfica de S. M. Eisenstein, faremos um rápido panorama de como o cinema, no decorrer de sua história, foi influenciado pelos conceitos desenvolvidos em sua teoria.

Frontier Security: The Case of Brazil

Science.gov (United States)

2016-08-01

been rising investment. This analysis is the fourth publication from the Institute for National Strategic Studies on Brazil and its emerging world role...satellite imagery ter- minals, wireless communication networks , computerized data collection, and ground-based air traffic monitoring centers designed for...Bolivia 13 mobile radars that can be positioned at important sites. In 2015, Brazil reengaged Bolivia concerning international crime networks .49 Brazil’s

Micro-structural and compositional variations of hydrothermal epidote-group minerals from a peralkaline granite, Corupá Pluton, Graciosa Province, South Brazil, and their petrological implications

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Silvio R.F. Vlach

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Epidote-group minerals, together with albite, quartz, fluorite, Al-poor and Fe-rich phyllosilicates, zircon, and minor oxides and sulphides, are typical hydrothermal phases in peralkaline alkali-feldspar granites from the Corupá Pluton, Graciosa Province, South Brazil. The epidote-group minerals occur as single crystals and as aggregates filling in rock interstices and miarolitic cavities. They display complex recurrent zoning patterns with an internal zone of ferriallanite-(Ce, followed by allanite-(Ce, then epidote-ferriepidote, and an external zone with allanite-(Ce, with sharp limits, as shown in BSE and X-ray images. REE patterns show decreasing fractionation degrees of LREE over HREE from ferriallanite to epidote. The most external allanite is enriched in MREE. LA-ICP-MS data indicate that ferriallanite is enriched (>10-fold in Ti, Sr and Ga, and depleted in Mg, Rb, Th and Zr relative to the host granite. Allanite has lower Ga and Mn and higher Zr, Nb and U contents as compared to ferriallanite, while epidote is enriched in Sr, U and depleted in Pb, Zr, Hf, Ti and Ga. The formation of these minerals is related to the variable concentrations of HFSE, Ca, Al, Fe and F in fluids remaining from magmatic crystallization, in an oxidizing environment, close to the HM buffer. L-MREE were in part released by the alteration of chevkinite, their main primary repository in the host rocks.Minerais do grupo do epidoto, com albita, quartzo, fluorita, filossilicatos pobres em Al e ricos em Fe, zircão e quantidades menores de óxidos e sulfetos são fases hidrotermais típicas em álcali-feldpato granitos peralcalinos do Pluton Corupá, Província Graciosa, Sul do Brasil. Os minerais do grupo do epidoto ocorrem como cristais individuais ou agregados que preenchem interstícios e cavidades miarolíticas na rocha. Mostram zonamento complexo, recorrente, descrito por uma zona interna de ferriallanita-(Ce, seguida por allanita-(Ce, epidoto-ferriepidoto e uma

The natural rate of interest in Brazil between 1999 and 2005

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paulo Chananeco F. de Barcellos Neto

2009-06-01

Full Text Available The aim of the present study is to estimate the level of the natural rate of interest in Brazil. First, statistical filters are used for the ex ante and ex post real interest series. Then, an estimation of a dynamic Taylor rule is performed. These two estimates are eventually compared with the natural rate of interest obtained from a simplified macroeconomic state-space model following Laubach and Williams (2003. The results indicate that monetary policy decisions caused the level of the real interest rate to fluctuate around the natural rate of interest, showing that the Brazilian monetary authority can not be characterized as conservative over the analyzed period.O objetivo desse estudo é estimar o nível da taxa natural de juros para o Brasil. Inicialmente filtros estatísticos são usados nas séries de taxas de juros reais ex-post e ex-ante. Depois disso, estima-se uma regra de Taylor dinâmica. Os resultados desses dois experimentos são comparados com a taxa natural de juros que é estimada a partir de um modelo macroeconômico simplificado em formato de espaço de estados, tal como em Laubach and Williams (2003. Os resultados mostram que as decisões de política monetária geraram uma taxa de juros real que flutuou ao redor da taxa de juros natural estimada. Portanto, no período analisado, as autoridades monetárias brasileiras não podem ser caracterizadas, em média, como conservadoras.

Counseling in Brazil: Past, Present, and Future

Science.gov (United States)

Hutz-Midgett, Aida; Hutz, Claudio Simon

2012-01-01

This article describes counseling in Brazil, which is rooted in career and vocational guidance. Although considered a distinct discipline, counseling falls under the umbrella of psychology. The multicultural movement is gaining momentum in Brazil, and counselors are pioneers working with socioracial minority college students. This is an emerging…

Occurrence and distribution of the Ceratiomyxales (Myxomycetes in northeastern Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Laise de Holanda Cavalcanti

2008-10-01

Full Text Available Order Ceratiomyxales, which belongs to subclass Ceratiomyxomycetidae, includes the exospore bearing Myxomycetes, solely comprising family Ceratiomyxaceae and genus Ceratiomyxa, with four species. Based on the literature, on herbarium collections, and on recent surveys carried out by the authors in different states and ecosystems, it was possible to determine the occurrence and distribution of C. fruticulosa (cosmopolitan,C. morchella and C. sphaerosperma (predominantly tropical or subtropical in northeastern Brazil. Species descriptions and illustrations are presented, as well as a map of their geographical distribution in eight of the nine states of Northeast Brazil. This order is being recorded for the first time for the state of Sergipe. Ceratiomyxa morchella and C. sphaerosperma are being cited for the first time for the state of Paraíba.A ordem Ceratiomyxales, pertencente à subclasse Ceratiomyxomycetidae, reúne os representantes exosporados dos Myxomycetes, compreendendo apenas a família Ceratiomyxaceae e o gênero Ceratiomyxa, com quatro espécies. Com base na literatura, coleções de herbário e coletas recentes realizadas pelos autores em diferentes estados e ecossistemas, foi possível estabelecer a ocorrência e distribuição na região Nordeste do Brasil de C. fruticulosa, cosmopolita, C. morchella e C. sphaerosperma, predominantemente tropicais ou subtropicais. São apresentadas descrições e ilustrações das espécies, bem como mapa de distribuição geográfica em oito dos nove estados situados no Nordeste do país. A ordem está sendo referida pela primeira vez para o estado de Sergipe. C. morchella e C. sphaerosperma constituem primeira referência para o estado da Paraíba.

Spittlebug Cephisus siccifolius damaging eucalypt plants in the State of Bahia, Brazil Cigarrinha-de-espuma Cephisus siccifolius em plantio de eucalipto clonal no Estado da Bahia, Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Genésio Tâmara Ribeiro

2005-07-01

Full Text Available Most common pests of eucalyptus plants in Brazil are leaf cutting ants and defoliating caterpillars. Other groups, eventually, feeding on eucalyptus include Heteroptera and cicadas. The objectives of this work were to identify and to describe attack symptoms of Cephisus siccifolius (Walker 1851 (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae on eucalyptus trees in a stand of 25.77 hectares in the State of Bahia, Brazil, where 99.3% of them were attacked by this spittlebug. Damage was more severe on branches and leaves. Tree death was, relatively, low while those cut showed 4.7 colonies of this spittlebug with 21.9 nymphs per colony. Cultural control with the removal of trees attacked was recommended.Os insetos-praga mais comuns em plantios de eucalipto no Brasil são formigas cortadeiras e lagartas desfolhadoras. Eventualmente, outros insetos como percevejos e cigarrinhas podem danificar essas plantas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar e descrever os sintomas de ataque, em um plantio de eucalipto de 25,77 hectares, no Estado da Bahia, onde 99,3% das árvores tinham sido atacadas pela cigarrinha-de-espuma Cephisus siccifolius (Walker 1851 (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae. Os danos foram maiores em galhos e folhas. A mortalidade de árvores foi baixa, apesar de se observar 4,7 colônias de cigarrinhas por árvore, com 21,9 ninfas por colônia. O corte das árvores infestadas foi recomendado como controle.

Impunity in Post-authoritarian Brazil: The Supreme Court’s Recent Verdict on the Amnesty Law

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nina Schneider

2011-04-01

Full Text Available While numerous countries in post-authoritarian South America have annulled Amnesty Laws issued under authoritarian rule and punished officials involved in repressive organs, Brazil continues to favour impunity. This attitude has recently been confirmed by the Brazilian Supreme Court’s decision to maintain the 1979 Amnesty Law granting de-facto impunity to violators of human rights during the military regime. The article considers this verdict within its historical context, and raises two questions which have previously attracted little attention: First, why has postauthoritarian Brazil processed the experience of the military regime so differently from its neighbouring countries, and what role did the Amnesty Law play in that difference? Second, what does this disinterest in punishment mean? This article concludes that one promising theory highlighted by political scientists – the low degree of participation in civil society in Brazil – cannot fully explain why the vast majority of Brazilians are not interested in punishment, as numerous citizens mobilized during the amnesty movement. It seems to imply that the heterogeneous antiauthoritarian alliance vanished once the Amnesty Law had been achieved. Another key finding is that the disinterest in punishment cannot be interpreted as moral support for the military regime or a sanctioning of its human rights violations, as the amnesty debate in Brazil is more complex. Resumen: Impunidad en el Brasil post-autoritario: fallo de la Corte Suprema sobre la ley de amnistíaMientras numerosos países sudamericanos han derogado las leyes de amnistía, aprobadas por pasados regímenes militares, y castigado a los oficiales de los órganos represivos, Brasil continúa favoreciendo la impunidad. Esta actitud ha sido recientemente ratificada por la Corte Suprema de Brasil, que ha mantenido la ley de amnistía de 1979, garantizando impunidad a los violadores de los derechos humanos durante el r

All projects related to Brazil | Page 4 | IDRC - International ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Region: Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay ... URUGUAY, Climate change, ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY, BRAZIL, COASTAL WATERS ... SURVEYS, CONSUMER EDUCATION, HEALTH LEGISLATION.

Qualidade da castanha-do-brasil do comércio de Rio Branco, Acre Quality of Brazil nuts marketed in Rio Branco, Acre

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Virgínia de Souza Álvares

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade de castanhas-do-brasil beneficiadas e comercializadas em Rio Branco, Acre. Foram analisadas amostras das três marcas de castanha encontradas no mercado local quanto às variáveis: atividade de água, teor de umidade, contagem total de fungos filamentosos, quantificação de Aspergillus flavus e de A. parasiticus, bem como quantificação de aflatoxinas B1, B2, G1 e G2. As castanhas do comércio se encontravam com um teor de umidade e atividade de água adequados, o que pode ter sido responsável pela baixa contaminação por fungos e por aflatoxinas. Quanto a estas micotoxinas, as amostras estão de acordo com o recomendado pela Anvisa, podendo ser esta uma consequência da grande divulgação no Estado do uso de Boas Práticas no manejo da castanha.The goal of this paper was to evaluate the quality of Brazil nuts processed and marketed in the city of Rio Branco, in the state of Acre (Brazil. We analysed three samples for water activity, moisture content, total fungus quantification of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, as well as quantification of total aflatoxin, Afla B1, Afla B2, Afla G1 and Afla G2. The nut samples from the market showed an appropriate moisture content and water activity, which may have been responsible for the low fungus contamination and aflatoxin production. As to these mycotoxins, the samples were consistent with Anvisa's recommendations, which may be a consequence of good management of the nuts in Acre.

Tuberculosis como enfermedad ocupacional Tuberculosis as occupational disease

OpenAIRE

Alberto Mendoza-Ticona

2012-01-01

Existe evidencia suficiente para declarar a la tuberculosis como enfermedad ocupacional en diversos profesionales especialmente entre los trabajadores de salud. En el Perú están normados y reglamentados los derechos laborales inherentes a la tuberculosis como enfermedad ocupacional, como la cobertura por discapacidad temporal o permanente. Sin embargo, estos derechos aún no han sido suficientemente socializados. En este trabajo se presenta información sobre el riesgo de adquirir tuberculosis ...

Explaining Racial Disparities in Infant Health in Brazil

Science.gov (United States)

Nyarko, Kwame A.; Lopez-Camelo, Jorge; Castilla, Eduardo E.

2015-01-01

Objectives. We sought to quantify how socioeconomic, health care, demographic, and geographic effects explain racial disparities in low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth (PTB) rates in Brazil. Methods. We employed a sample of 8949 infants born between 1995 and 2009 in 15 cities and 7 provinces in Brazil. We focused on disparities in LBW (Public policies to improve children’s health should target prenatal care and geographic location differences to reduce health disparities between infants of African and European ancestries in Brazil. PMID:26313046

The new role of Brazil in energy geopolitics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rousseau, I.

2009-01-01

Thanks to its efficient petroleum framework, Brazil has just found some very large deep off-shore fields (pre-halite layers), which, if confirmed, will allow the country to become a major international oil producer. There will be significant repercussions on Brazil. On the one hand, the prospect of high economic rents encourages it to assign its hydrocarbon industry a more social and national calling; on the other hand, this huge potential offers Brazil a new geopolitical dimension. This article examines both these avenues. (author)

A Imagem como Ruína

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Míriam Volpe

2001-12-01

Full Text Available O dialogismo ente o filme Citizen Kane, de Orson Welles, e o poema “Kubla Khan”, de S.T. Coleridgé, é analisado, sendo evidenciados não só o tema em comum – o mito do Paraíso perdido – como também a similariedade na organização do disurso na justaposição das images, como fragmentos da memória a serem preservados.

El Derecho como práctica y como discurso. La perspectiva de la persona como garantía de objetividad y razonabilidad en la interpretación

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

PILAR ZAMBRANO

2009-01-01

Full Text Available El trabajo se propone ofrecer una comprensión tanto de los orígenes como de los límites de la problematicidad de la interpretación jurídica -en particular, aunque no de modo único, de la interpretación constitucional-, focalizada en la estructura intencional del Derecho como discurso escrito y como práctica social. En cuanto discurso, el Derecho se concibe como un conjunto de "actos del habla"; en tanto práctica social, la comprensibilidad del Derecho se vincula a los fines o a las intenciones que se proponen sus participantes y que lo distinguen de otras prácticas sociales. Se concluye desde esta doble perspectiva que, lejos de ser un método entre otros, la interpretación teleológica es la estructura formal indisponible de toda interpretación jurídica. Sobre esta base se intenta mostrar que, aunque la proyección teleológica del Derecho opere como causal de la problematicidad de la interpretación jurídica, al mismo tiempo se constituye en el límite o marco para la dimensión creativa de la interpretación. A partir de aquí se defiende la tesis de que la problematicidad de la interpretación jurídica no es sinónimo de arbitrariedad en el Derecho constitucionalizado, al menos si se asumen dos postulados. Primero, que la abstracción del lenguaje jurídico es indeterminación, pero no vaguedad. Segundo, que los fines últimos del Derecho se ligan a una concepción de persona objetiva -metafísica, no política-.

77 FR 18215 - U.S. Education Mission to Brazil; Brasilia, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, Brazil, August 30...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-03-27

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration U.S. Education Mission to Brazil; Brasilia, Rio de Janeiro and S[atilde]o Paulo, Brazil, August 30-September 6, 2012 AGENCY: International Trade Administration, Department of Commerce. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The United States Department of...

A trajetória do Banco do Brasil no período recente, 2001-2006: banco público ou banco estatal "privado"? The recent path of the bank of Brazil, 2001-2006: public bank or "private" state-owned bank?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rogerio Pereira de Andrade

2009-04-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste texto é avaliar a performance do Banco do Brasil (BB no período 2001-2006, enfatizando os seguintes aspectos: O desempenho do BB correspondeu ao de um banco público tradicional que atua como um importante instrumento de governo para a promoção do desenvolvimento? Ou, ao invés disso, a trajetória recente do banco pode ser caracterizada pelo reforço de uma lógica privada de atuação? O texto procura levantar algumas questões relativas ao papel do Estado na atividade econômica, particularmente o papel que um grande banco estatal pode e deve ter para financiar o desenvolvimento em um país periférico (e desigual como o Brasil. A conclusão mais geral é que, desde meados dos anos 1980, o Banco do Brasil tem perdido crescentemente a função básica que costumava exercer como banco público.The purpose of this paper is to assess the performance of the Bank of Brazil (BB in the 2001-2006 period, with a focus on the following aspects: has the BB actually performed the role of a typical public bank, functioning as an important instrument to foster development in Brazil? Or, instead, has its recent path been characterised by the reinforcement of a private logic of behaviour? The paper aims at raising a few questions regarding the role of the state in the economic activity, particularly the role that a big state-owned bank can and must perform to finance development in a peripheral (and unequal country like Brazil. The general conclusion is that, since the mid-80s, the BB has increasingly lost the key function that it formerly exerted as a public bank. A distinct pattern of behaviour has emerged, characterised by the bank's transformation into a "more private, less public" institution.

LAS CIUDADES COMO TERRITORIO DE LA EDUCACIÓN INTEGRAL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Silvia Serra

2015-12-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN: Habitar las ciudades es un proceso en el que se encuentran anudadas cuestiones materiales y simbólicas. Este lazo debe ser atendido y puesto en valor en términos históricos y culturales ya que forma parte de nuestro aprendizaje como sujetos urbanos. En este sentido, tal como afirma Andreas Huyssen (2002: 191 "...la ciudad funciona como un tipo de prisma" que permite "enfocar" una multiplicidad de temáticas que no están solo ligadas al urbanismo o a la arquitectura, sino también a experiencias culturales y construcciones simbólicas que articulan el hecho concreto de vivir en las ciudades. Es así que, siguiendo a este autor, podemos afirmar que la ciudad es un texto que puede ser leído como un verdadero espacio de signos. Una casa, un barrio, un edificio, los espacios públicos, las calles y veredas, los monumentos son reservorios de un tiempo y una memoria que requieren de una multiplicidad de lecturas para transformarse en escenarios de aprendizajes integradores. Cuestionar a la ciudad como territorio de la educación integral así como reconocer las cuestiones centrales que se ponen a prueba cuando esto se postula como una política pública son los objetivos principales del presente artículo, para lo cual proponemos un recorrido a partir de considerar conceptos nodales como los de educación integral y pedagogía urbana.

Placing Brazil's heavy acid oils on international markets

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Szklo, Alexandre Salem; Machado, Giovani; Schaeffer, Roberto; Felipe Simoes, Andre; Barboza Mariano, Jacqueline

2006-01-01

This paper identifies the international market niches of Brazil's heavy acid oils. It analyzes the perspectives for making wider use of heavy acid oils, assessing their importance for certain oil-producing regions such as Brazil, Venezuela, West Africa, the North Sea and China. Within this context, the oil produced in the Marlim Field offshore Brazil is of specific interest, spurred by the development of its commercial brand name for placement on international markets and backed by ample production volumes. This analysis indicates keener international competition among acid oils produced in Brazil, the North Sea and the West Coast of Africa, through to 2010. However, over the long term, refinery conversion capacity is the key factor for channeling larger volumes of heavy acid oils to the international market. In this case, the future of acid oil producers will depend on investments in refineries close to oil product consumption centers. For Brazil, this means investments in modifying its refineries and setting up partnerships in the downstream segment for consumer centers absorbing all products of high added value, such as the USA and even Southeast Asia and Western Europe

Environmental sustainability of biodiesel in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Geraldes Castanheira, Érica; Grisoli, Renata; Freire, Fausto; Pecora, Vanessa; Coelho, Suani Teixeira

2014-01-01

Biodiesel production in Brazil has grown from 736 m 3 in 2007 to 2.7 Mm 3 in 2012. It is an emergent bioenergy for which it is important to guarantee environmental sustainability. The objective of this article is to characterise the biodiesel production chain in Brazil, to identify potential environmental impacts and to analyse key drivers and barriers for biodiesel environmental sustainability. This article explores these aspects and focusses on the increasing demand for the main feedstocks for biodiesel production in Brazil: soybean oil and beef tallow. The impacts of land use and land-use change on greenhouse gas emissions, biodiversity and water, as well as the energy balance, were found to be critical for the environmental sustainability assessment and development of biodiesel chains. Increasing agriculture yields, diversifying feedstocks and adopting ethyl transesterification can contribute to minimise environmental impacts. It was also found that environmental impacts could be mitigated by appropriate policies aiming at an integrated optimisation of food and bioenergy production and through agro-economic–ecological zoning, allowing adequate use of land for each purpose. Despite the limitation and weakness of some sustainability tools and initiatives, certification and zoning can play an important role in the sustainability of the emerging biodiesel production in Brazil

Mushroom cultivation in Brazil: challenges and potential for growth

OpenAIRE

Dias,Eustáquio Souza

2010-01-01

Mushroom cultivation is rapidly expanding in Brazil because Brazilians have discovered the medicinal and culinary value of mushrooms and their economic situation has improved. However, the horticultural technology for cultivating mushrooms under Brazilian conditions is lacking. For many years, the mushroom cultivation technology used in Brazil was adapted from developed countries whose materials and climate were different from those of Brazil. In order to exploit the Brazilian potential for m...

Novelties in the genus Persicaria (Polygonaceae) in Brazil

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Funez, Luís A.; Hassemer, Gustavo

2018-01-01

This work presents novelties in the genus Persicaria in Brazil. More specifically, we describe P. sylvestris, a new species from the Atlantic rainforest in subtropical Brazil, propose the new combination P. diospyrifolium and designate a lectotype for its basionym, Polygonum diospyrifolium. The new...... species has until now been identified as P. acuminata, from which it differs by morphological characters as well as ecological aspects. We also provide photographs of the new species and of similar species along with a distribution map and a key to the species of Persicaria in Brazil....

Sectoral Innovation System Foresight in Brazil and Korea

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Dahl Andersen, Allan; Andersen, Per Dannemand; Park, Byeongwon

involved in strategic innovation system (IS) transformation. This paper seeks to address the latter research gaps by exploring sector foresight in Brazil and South Korea (henceforth Korea). Though very different, both countries face challenges of IS transformation. In both countries sector level foresight...... in emerging economies as Brazil and Korea. Chapter two will outline the basic principles of ISF that will be translated into indicators for our measuring of ISF. Also, it will illustrate why the sector-level approach is necessary. Chapter three presents sector foresight cases from Brazil and Korea. Chapter...

Pediatric Hospital: The Paradigms of Play in Brazil.

Science.gov (United States)

de Macedo, Lino; da Silva, Gláucia Faria; Setúbal, Sandra Mutarelli

2015-01-29

The role of play in Brazilian children's hospitals is highlighted, as well as the perspective of humanization in Brazil. Some aspects of our culture are crucial to understanding the importance of play considering our society. Sabara Children's Hospital ("Hospital Infantil Sabará") in Brazil is used particularly to discuss humanization. To understand the issue of play in Brazil, it is important to discuss hospitals in their social context, their history, current roles in children's care, humanization history and child development, according to the approaches of Piaget and Winnicott that are used in our culture.

US/Brazil joint pilot project objectives

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-12-01

This paper describes a joint US/Brazil pilot project for rural electrification, whose major goals are: to establish technical, institutional, and economic confidence in using renewable energy (PV and wind) to meet the needs of the citizens of rural Brazil; to establish on-going institutional, individual and business relationships necessary to implement sustainable programs and commitments; to lay the groundwork for larger scale rural electrification through the use of distributed renewable technologies. The projects have supported low power home lighting systems, lighting and refrigeration for schools and medical centers, and water pumping systems. This is viewed as a long term project, where much of the equipment will come from the US, but Brazil will be responsible for program management, and sharing data gained from the program. The paper describes in detail the Brazilian program which was instituted to support this phased project.

Inequality and School Reform in Bahia, Brazil

Science.gov (United States)

Reiter, Bernd

2009-01-01

This article compares public and community schools in Salvador, the state capital of Bahia, Brazil. Based on quantitative data analysis and qualitative research conducted on-site during three research trips in 2001, 2003 and 2005, the author finds that Brazil's extreme inequality and the associated concentration of state power in a few hands stand…

La sangre como espectáculo.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rubén Darío Buitrón

2015-01-01

Full Text Available El autor asevera que cuando la información es concebida y tratada como una mercancía y no como un bien social, la avidez por el lucro la degenera en productos abyectos donde la sangre es espectáculo que sirve para exacerbar el morbo social, incrementar las ventas y los ingresos publicitarios. Señala que lamentablemente en el Ecuador este tipo de periodismo es una plaga muy bien vendida.

Thermopower generation investment in Brazil - economic conditions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Moreira, Ajax; Rocha, Katia [IPEA, Inst. for Applied Economic Research of Brazilian Government, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil); David, Pedro [FURNAS Centrais Electricas: Power Utility, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)

2004-01-01

One of the main questions in electricity market deregulation is the aptitude of private capital for investments in power generation. This is especially important in Brazil, whose load has a strong growth trend ({approx}6% per year). Thermopower is an attractive alternative for expanding generation, as it is complementary in many aspects to hydropower, which supplies most Brazil's power at a very low price most of the time, but makes the system vulnerable to seasonal water variations. This paper studies the competitiveness of thermopower generation in Brazil under current regulations; assesses under the real options theory approach the conditions for investments in thermopower generation, and finally presents and discusses a hydropower generation schedule model. (Author)

Thermopower generation investment in Brazil--economic conditions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Moreira, Ajax E-mail: ajax@ipea.gov.br; Rocha, Katia E-mail: katia@ipea.gov.br; David, Pedro E-mail: pdavid@furnas.com.br

2004-01-01

One of the main questions in electricity market deregulation is the aptitude of private capital for investments in power generation. This is especially important in Brazil, whose load has a strong growth trend ({approx}6% per year). Thermopower is an attractive alternative for expanding generation, as it is complementary in many aspects to hydropower, which supplies most Brazil's power at a very low price most of the time, but makes the system vulnerable to seasonal water variations. This paper studies the competitiveness of thermopower generation in Brazil under current regulations; assesses under the real options theory approach the conditions for investments in thermopower generation, and finally presents and discusses a hydropower generation schedule model.

Thermopower generation investment in Brazil--economic conditions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Moreira, Ajax; Rocha, Katia; David, Pedro

2004-01-01

One of the main questions in electricity market deregulation is the aptitude of private capital for investments in power generation. This is especially important in Brazil, whose load has a strong growth trend (∼6% per year). Thermopower is an attractive alternative for expanding generation, as it is complementary in many aspects to hydropower, which supplies most Brazil's power at a very low price most of the time, but makes the system vulnerable to seasonal water variations. This paper studies the competitiveness of thermopower generation in Brazil under current regulations; assesses under the real options theory approach the conditions for investments in thermopower generation, and finally presents and discusses a hydropower generation schedule model

Media Monopoly in Brazil.

Science.gov (United States)

Amaral, Roberto; Guimaraes, Cesar

1994-01-01

Documents the process of broadcasting media development in Brazil, the failure of new technologies to produce democratization, and the barriers to democratization erected by monopolization and "metastasis." (SR)

Women's motivation to become dentists in Brazil.

Science.gov (United States)

Kfouri, Maria G; Moyses, Samuel J; Moyses, Simone Tetu

2013-06-01

There has been a marked increase of women in dentistry in Brazil and in many countries around the world. The behavioral mechanisms behind the choice of career differ between men and women, and the inclination to care for others is thought by some to be more present in women than it is in men. This article discusses the reasons that lead women to choose dentistry as a profession in Brazil and the impact of feminization on the current and future profile of the profession, based on the ethics of care. The authors' review of the relevant literature published between 2000 and 2011, primarily in Brazil, suggests that whereas men have tended to choose dentistry as a good business opportunity, women have tended to base their decision on relations with other people and the flexibility of practicing the profession. Many women dentists have been found to decide to work fewer hours, report more interruptions in their activities, and have less preference to work in private practice than men dentists. In the view of service users and dental auxiliaries in Brazil, women dentists invest more time in their patients and communicate in a more pleasant, sensitive, and friendly manner. The conclusion suggests that characteristics often associated with women can affect the dental profession in Brazil by introducing greater concern with the promotion of health and other people's well-being in contrast to traditional dentistry based on curative procedures.

La fatiga como estado motivacional subjetivo

OpenAIRE

D. Cárdenas; J. Conde-González; J.C. Perales

2017-01-01

Actualmente no existe consenso sobre los factores que determinan la aparición de la fatiga. Hay factores que se derivan exclusivamente del esfuerzo físico, otros que dependen del esfuerzo mental que este lleva aparejado, y otros de los resultados de la tarea que se está realizando. Como consecuencia, se han desarrollado diferentes modelos explicativos que pretenden aunar las diferentes razones de su aparición. No obstante, la tendencia actual es entender la fatiga como un estado motivacion...

Trabalho e imigração: uma comparação Brasil-Argentina Work and immiration: a comparative study of Brazil and Argentina

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cibele Saliba Rizek

2010-01-01

Full Text Available O artigo busca discutir um novo padrão migratório da Bolívia para o Brasil e para a Argentina, especialmente vinculado à precarização do trabalho e à inserção desses imigrantes em formas de trabalho precário. Esse padrão & aparentemente novo em relação à integração dos contingentes migrantes ao longo do século XX & vem produzindo consequências que ainda estão por ser mapeadas. Uma delas é a presença de um contingente de bolivianos confinado ao setor de costura, trabalhando e vivendo em oficinas clandestinas, com pouca visibilidade pública, como face de uma precarização mundializada, resultante do assim chamado “custo chinês”. Resultante de um balanço bibliográfico e de uma incursão exploratória na pesquisa de campo tanto em São Paulo como em Buenos Aires, o artigo pretende apontar para aspectos específicos do fenômeno, combinando olhares e perspectivas que cruzam as dimensões migratórias, geracionais e de gênero.The article aims to discuss a new immigration pattern from Bolivia to Brazil and to Argentina, specially related with precarious jobs and precarious labour market. This pattern can be considered as apparently new when compared with the classical forms of immigrants integration in Brazil, during all 20th century. The consequences of recent immigration from Bolivia to Brazil can be seen in São Paulo where these immigrants are confined to the sewing sector and precarious jobs in hidden small factories, where they often live with their families. The article is based on bibliographical informations and an exploratory field research in São Paulo and Buenos Aires about Bolivian immigrant labour, especially in the sewing sector, trying to understand some of its particularities. Specifically, the article treats with the phenomenon of immigration, precarious labour markets, generational and gender relations, as part of a global pattern introduced by the so called “Chinese cost”.

Efeito do tamanho da semente, subtrato ambiente na produção de mudas de Copernicia Hospita Martius Effect of seed size, substrate, and environment on the production of Copernicia hospita Martius seedlings

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alexandre Bosco de Oliveira

2009-12-01

Full Text Available A carnaúba hospedeira faz parte de um grupo de plantas da família Arecaceae, de relevante importância social e econômica para as regiões tropicais. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se determinar a influência do tamanho da semente, tipo de substrato e do ambiente na produção de mudas de carnaúba hospedeira (Copernicia hospita Martius. As sementes de diferentes tamanhos (pequena, média, grande e mistura foram semeadas em substratos constituídos de areia vermelha + bagana de carnaúba + húmus (2,5:2,5:1 em volume e solo + arisco + composto orgânico Polefértil (2:2:1 em volume e cultivadas em ambientes distintos (pleno sol e casa de vegetação. As variáveis analisadas foram: comprimento do limbo foliar principal, área foliar, diâmetro do coleto, comprimento da maior raiz e massa da matéria seca da parte aérea e radicular. O tamanho da semente exerceu efeito significativo sobre todas as variáveis. O substrato influenciou, significativamente, o comprimento do limbo e da maior raiz e área foliar. Quanto ao ambiente, as únicas variáveis não afetadas por esse fator foram as produções de matéria seca, tanto da parte aérea como radicular. Para a produção de mudas de C. hospita recomenda-se a utilização de sementes grandes, semeadas no substrato constituído de areia vermelha + bagana de carnaúba + húmus, em cultivo a pleno sol.The 'Hostess' Carnauba belongs to a group of plants from the Arecaceae family, which is of relevant social and economic importance for tropical areas in Brazil. The objective of this research was to study the effect of the size of the seed , substrate, and environment on the production of seedlings of 'Hostess' Carnauba (Copernicia hospita Martius. Seeds of different sizes (small, medium, large, and a mixture of different sizes were planted in different substrates composed of red sand + carnauba straw + humus (2,5:2,5:1 in volume and soil + dark sand + organic compost Polefértil (2:2:1 in volume, and

Tomato yellow vein streak virus: relationship with Bemisia tabaci biotype B and host range Tomato yellow vein streak virus: interação com a Bemisia tabaci biótipo B e gama de hospedeiros

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Carolina Firmino

2009-12-01

Full Text Available The Tomato yellow vein streak virus (ToYVSV is a putative species of begomovirus, which was prevalent on tomato crops in São Paulo State, Brazil, until 2005. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the interaction between ToYVSV and its vector Bemisia tabaci biotype B and to identify alternative hosts for the virus. The minimum acquisition and inoculation access periods of ToYVSV by B. tabaci were 30 min and 10 min, respectively. Seventy five percent of tomato-test plants were infected when the acquisition and inoculation access periods were 24 h. The latent period of the virus in the insect was 16 h. The ToYVSV was retained by B. tabaci until 20 days after acquisition. First generation of adult whiteflies obtained from viruliferous females were virus free as shown by PCR analysis and did not transmit the virus to tomato plants. Out of 34 species of test-plants inoculated with ToYVSV only Capsicum annuum, Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa, Datura stramonium, Gomphrena globosa, Nicotiana clevelandii and N. tabacum cv. TNN were susceptible to infection. B. tabaci biotype B was able to acquire the virus from all these susceptible species, transmitting it to tomato plants.O Tomato yellow vein streak virus (ToYVSV é uma espécie putativa de begomovirus que infecta o tomateiro (Solanum lycopersicon em diversas regiões do Brasil onde se cultiva essa solanácea, sendo a espécie prevalente no estado de São Paulo até 2005. Estudou-se a interação do ToYVSV com a Bemisia tabaci biótipo B e identificaram-se hospedeiras alternativas deste vírus. Os períodos de acesso mínimo de aquisição (PAA e de inoculação (PAI foram de 30 min e 10 min, respectivamente. A porcentagem de plantas infectadas chegou até cerca de 75% após um PAA e PAI de 24 h. O período de latência do vírus no vetor foi de 16 horas. O ToYVSV foi retido pela B. tabaci até 20 dias após a aquisição do vírus. Não foi detectada transmissão do vírus para prog

Predictors for oral cancer in Brazil

OpenAIRE

Isabella Lima Arrais RIBEIRO; Johnys Berton Medeiros da NÓBREGA; Ana Maria Gondim VALENÇA; Ricardo Dias de CASTRO

2017-01-01

Abstract Introduction The incidence of lip, oral cavity and oropharynx cancer in Brazil is one of the highest worldwide. Objective This study aimed to identify predictors for oral cancer in Brazil between 2010 and 2013. Method Through a time series study in which 14,959 primary head and neck cancer diagnoses were evaluated. The variables of interest were gender, age, race, education level, family history of cancer, alcohol consumption, smoking, and previous cancer diagnosis. The outcome va...

Coccidioidomycosis in Brazil. A case report

OpenAIRE

MARTINS, Marilena dos Anjos; ARAÚJO, Evangelina da Motta Pacheco Alves de; KUWAKINO, Marcelo Hisato; HEINS-VACCARI, Elisabeth Maria; DEL NEGRO, Gilda Maria Bárbaro; VOZZA JÚNIOR, João Antonio; LACAZ, Carlos da Silva

1997-01-01

Coccidioidomycosis is an endemic infection with a relatively limited geographic distribution: Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Colombia, Venezuela, Bolivia, Paraguai, Argentina and the southwest of the United States. In these countries, the endemic area is restricted to the semiarid desert like regions which are similar to the northeast of Brazil. Case report: The patient is a 32 year-old male, born in the state of Bahia (Northeast of Brazil) and has been living in São Paulo (Southeast) for 6 yea...

Ações afirmativas no Brasil: desafios e perspectivas Affirmative action in Brazil: challenges and prospects

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Flávia Piovesan

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Qual é o balanço das ações afirmativas na experiência brasileira? Como compreender as primeiras iniciativas de adoção de marcos legais instituidores das ações afirmativas? Qual tem sido o impacto da agenda global na ordem doméstica? Em que medida a Convenção sobre a Eliminação de todas as formas de Discriminação Racial e a Conferência de Durban fomentaram avanços internos? Quais são os principais desafios, dilemas e tensões das ações afirmativas? Quais são as possibilidades e perspectivas de construção da igualdade étnico-racial no caso brasileiro? São estas as questões centrais a inspirar este artigo.How do we take stock of affirmative action in Brazil? How should we understand the first initiatives of introduction of a legal framework that institutes affirmative action? What has been the impact of the global agenda on the domestic order? To what extent have the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination and the Conference of Durban fostered domestic progress? What are the key challenges, dilemmas and tensions facing affirmative action? What are the possibilities and prospects for the attainment of ethnical and racial equity in Brazil? These are the key questions that inspire this paper.

Labour Market Inequality in Brazil and India: A Comparative Brazil ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Think tanks in Brazil and India are joining forces to examine the factors behind wage inequality in their countries and propose policy options to reduce inequality in labour markets. While these two economies have succeeded in reducing poverty and gaining influence in global affairs, both still experience high inequality, ...

Is China’s Engagement with Brazil, an Opportunity or Threat?

Science.gov (United States)

2012-03-22

WITH BRAZIL, AN OPPORTUNITY OR THREAT? Brazil Aspires to Big League in More Than Soccer —New York Times1 Brazil’s aspiration to become a member...vibrant open market to sell their goods. Third, the sheer size of the population makes nutrition important. The second and third order affects of...James Brooke, “Brazil Aspires to Big League in More than Soccer ”, New York Times, February 9, 1990. 2 Marco Sibaja, “Chinese look to increase Brazil

Pediatric Hospital: The Paradigms of Play in Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lino de Macedo

2015-01-01

Full Text Available The role of play in Brazilian children’s hospitals is highlighted, as well as the perspective of humanization in Brazil. Some aspects of our culture are crucial to understanding the importance of play considering our society. Sabara Children’s Hospital (“Hospital Infantil Sabará” in Brazil is used particularly to discuss humanization. To understand the issue of play in Brazil, it is important to discuss hospitals in their social context, their history, current roles in children’s care, humanization history and child development, according to the approaches of Piaget and Winnicott that are used in our culture.

La reforma agraria como factor del desarrollo regional

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Ambrósio Ferreira Neto

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo debate la reforma agraria brasilera como instrumento de desarrollo regional, discutiendo la política actual de asentamientos rurales y su importancia en los procesos de interacción con las dinámicas locales y regionales, investigando las transformaciones que esos proyectos pueden provocar en los municipios donde están inmersos. El trabajo toma como punto central de discusión los argumentos de Polanyi sobre los factores de producción, tierra, capital y trabajo, y de Amartya Sen sobre libertad como factor de desarrollo. La discusión emprendida defiende la reforma agraria como forma de conceder oportunidades y una condición de agentes a sus beneficiarios. Argumentamos que el acceso a la tierra, y a los medios de producción, garantiza al trabajador el control sobre su fuerza de trabajo.

Mesozoic dinosaurs from Brazil and their biogeographic implications.

Science.gov (United States)

Bittencourt, Jonathas S; Langer, Max C

2011-03-01

The record of dinosaur body-fossils in the Brazilian Mesozoic is restricted to the Triassic of Rio Grande do Sul and Cretaceous of various parts of the country. This includes 21 named species, two of which were regarded as nomina dubia, and 19 consensually assigned to Dinosauria. Additional eight supraspecific taxa have been identified based on fragmentary specimens and numerous dinosaur footprints known in Brazil. In fact, most Brazilian specimens related to dinosaurs are composed of isolated teeth and vertebrae. Despite the increase of fieldwork during the last decade, there are still no dinosaur body-fossils of Jurassic age and the evidence of ornithischians in Brazil is very limited. Dinosaur faunas from this country are generally correlated with those from other parts of Gondwana throughout the Mesozoic. During the Late Triassic, there is a close correspondence to Argentina and other south-Pangaea areas. Mid-Cretaceous faunas of northeastern Brazil resemble those of coeval deposits of North Africa and Argentina. Southern hemisphere spinosaurids are restricted to Africa and Brazil, whereas abelisaurids are still unknown in the Early Cretaceous of the latter. Late Cretaceous dinosaur assemblages of south-central Brazil are endemic only to genus or, more conspicuously, to species level, sharing closely related taxa with Argentina, Madagascar, Indo-Pakistan and, to a lesser degree, continental Africa.

Angiostrongylus cantonensis and Rat Lungworm Disease in Brazil

Science.gov (United States)

de Oliveira Simões, Raquel; Fernandez, Monica Ammon; Júnior, Arnaldo Maldonado

2013-01-01

The metastrongyloid nematode genus Angiostrongylus includes 18 species, two of which are relevant from a medical standpoint, Angiostrongylus costaricensis and Angiostrongylus cantonensis. The first was described from Costa Rica in 1971 and causes abdominal angiostrongyliasis in the Americas, including in Brazil. Angiostrongylus cantonensis, first described in 1935 from Canton, China, is the causative agent of eosinophilic meningitis. The natural definitive hosts are rodents, and molluscs are the intermediate hosts. Paratenic or carrier hosts include crabs, freshwater shrimp, amphibians, flatworms, and fish. Humans become infected accidentally by ingestion of intermediate or paratenic hosts and the parasite does not complete the life cycle as it does in rats. Worms in the brain cause eosinophilic meningitis. This zoonosis, widespread in Southeast Asia and the Pacific islands, has now been reported from other regions. In the Americas there are records from the United States, Cuba, Jamaica, Brazil, Ecuador, and Haiti. In Brazil seven human cases have been reported since 2007 from the southeastern and northeastern regions. Epidemiological studies found infected specimens of Rattus norvegicus and Rattus rattus as well as many species of molluscs, including the giant African land snail, Achatina fulica, from various regions of Brazil. The spread of angiostrongyliasis is currently a matter of concern in Brazil. PMID:23901376

Gender Equality and Economic Growth in Brazil

OpenAIRE

Pierre-Richard Agénor; Otaviano Canuto

2013-01-01

This note studies the long-run impacts of policies aimed at fostering gender equality on economic growth in Brazil. After a brief review of gender issues in Brazil, this note describes a framework for quantifying the growth effects of gender-based policies in developing economies. The analysis is based on a computable overlapping generations (OLG) model that accounts for the impact of acce...

La proyección como proceso y como mecanismo

OpenAIRE

Brusset, Bernard

2001-01-01

La proyección es a la vez un mecanismo elemental testimonio de la fragilidad de la organización defensiva y un proceso cuyo rol es fundamental en el funcionamiento psíquico. En este doble aspecto, la proyección guarda especificidades diferentes en la neurosis y en la psicosis al punto que se las deba considerar como fundamentalmente diferentes? O bien las diferencias de contexto, del nivel del funcionamiento psíquico, de lugar, de función pueden explicar las diferencias clínicas justificando ...

Quitina y carboximetilquitosana como agentes desintegrantes

OpenAIRE

Sol A Fernández Monagas; María D Rodríguez Albadalejo; Ofelia Bilbao Revoredo; Olga M Nieto Acosta

1998-01-01

Se realizó un estudio comparativo de la quitina y la carboximetilquitosana como agentes desintegrantes, y se evaluó la influencia ejercida por el método empleado en la elaboración de las tabletas sobre la actividad desintegrante de ambos polímeros. La quitina presentó buenas características como agente desintegrante independientemente del método utilizado en la elaboración de las tabletas, mientras que la actividad desintegrante de la carboximetilquitosana fue afectada por el proceso de granu...

Dibujo infantil como medio de diagnostico

OpenAIRE

González Hernando, Elisa

2015-01-01

Con este documento se pretende demostrar la importancia que tiene el dibujo infantil en el correcto desarrollo integral de las personas. Se estudia la importancia del dibujo y su valor a la hora de utilizarlo como método de diagnóstico ante determinados aspectos que pueden determinar la vida de una persona. En definitiva lo que se desarrolla en este trabajo de Fin de Grado es el papel que juega el dibujo como herramienta para el seguimiento del desarrollo de los individuos centrándonos ...

Leitura e alfabetização no Brasil: uma busca para além da polarização Reading and literacy in Brazil: a search beyond polarization

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Claudemir Belintane

2006-08-01

Full Text Available Este artigo apresenta algumas reflexões sobre o ensino de leitura e a alfabetização no Brasil, tomando como ponto de partida os confrontos contemporâneos entre os chamados 'métodos' e 'metodologias' ou ainda 'linhas', 'filosofias', 'teorias' de alfabetização e de leitura. Situa sua argumentação a partir de alguns embates e algumas preocupações que vêm ocorrendo nesse campo do ensino nesta primeira década do milênio e, como exemplo, analisa um documento publicado pela Comissão de Educação e Cultura da Câmara dos Deputados, intitulado "Relatório final do grupo de trabalho; Alfabetização infantil: os novos caminhos", (Brasília, 2003. Toma essa análise como uma referência para discutir a relação entre a produção científica no campo do ensino da leitura e da alfabetização e seus efeitos no ensino público. No final do texto, o autor evidencia sua perspectiva de pesquisa e expõe algumas sugestões específicas para a abordagem da alfabetização e do ensino da leitura no Brasil, enfatizando as singularidades da escola brasileira em que a oralidade - desde que vista a partir de suas possibilidades autênticas de uso - pode desempenhar um papel fundamental no ensino e na aprendizagem da leitura. Conclui afirmando que a política, muitas vezes, assume este ou aquele método como forma de fugir da responsabilidade mais complexa, que é a de assumir a alfabetização como prioridade absoluta do Estado.This article presents reflections on the teaching of reading and literacy in Brazil, taking as its point of departure the current disputes among the so-called 'methods' and 'methodologies', or still, 'lines', 'philosophies', 'theories' of literacy and reading. The text weaves its arguments from some of the clashes and concerns taking place in this field of teaching in this first decade of the new millennium and, as an example, analyzes a document published by the Commission for Education and Culture of the Federal House of

Filosofia da ciência como ferramenta microeconômica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fabio Barbieri

2009-06-01

Full Text Available A teoria neoclássica pressupõe conhecimento perfeito. A crítica hayekiana a essa teoria, por sua vez, afirma que esse conhecimento é resultado do processo competitivo e, portanto, não pode ser considerado como dado. O “Problema de Hayek” investiga sob que condições o conhecimento do agente se aproxima dos reais fundamentos de uma economia. A fim de solucionar o “Problema de Hayek”, o nosso artigo utiliza algumas idéias da literatura de metodologia da Ciência, conhecida como teoria do “crescimento do conhecimento” (Popper, Kuhn, Lakatos e outros. Essas idéias são utilizadas para se compreender como evolui o conhecimento dos agentes econômicos, em especial o dos empresários. Estes são vistos como ativos formuladores de teorias empresariais conjecturais criticadas no processo competitivo, não como agentes passivos que maximizam funções já conhecidas da teoria convencional. Utiliza-se a Filosofia da Ciência não para analisar metodologicamente a microeconomia, mas, sim, como ferramenta analítica pertencente à própria teoria econômica.

Aquatic systems in semi-arid Brazil: limnology and management Ecossistemas aquáticos do semi-árido brasileiro: aspectos limnológicos e manejo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Etham de Lucena Barbosa

2012-03-01

Full Text Available Aquatic systems in semi-arid Brazil include natural shallow lakes, artificial reservoirs and intermittent streams and rivers. These systems are distinctive features in the semi-arid landscape and comprise a range of associated systems functioning as an ever-changing mosaic of dry/wet patches. Lakes and reservoirs in semi-arid Brazil are subject to important periods of water shortages, whereas rivers and streams are characterized as highly variable and driven by the extremes of water flow and its absence. Within this view a catchment-scale approach must be used to create a holistic model to conceptualize and comprehend these aquatic systems, since the aquatic environment types in the semi-arid region of Brazil incorporate broader aspects within the catchment scale such as geomorphology, vegetation, climate and land use. This paper summarizes some of the information on the aquatic systems of the Brazilian semi-arid region and shows the importance of limnological studies in this region. It also attempts to establish perspectives for future research considering the catchment as a scale for surveying biological processes and limnological characteristics of the various aquatic systems. It is presented information on their overall structure and functioning, as well as characteristics of some biological communities, such as phytoplankton, periphyton, aquatic macrophytes, benthic invertebrates and fish. The importance of the understanding of eutrophication in reservoirs and the role of the dry phase in streams is emphasized, and information on possible actions of planning and management to improve water quality of reservoirs are presented.Os ecossistemas no semiárido brasileiro englobam lagos rasos naturais, reservatórios artificiais e rios e riachos intermitentes. Estes sistemas são particularidades na paisagem do semiárida e compreendem uma grande variedade de sistemas associados, funcionando como um mosaico em constante mudança entre épocas de

Labour Market Inequality in Brazil and India: A Comparative Brazil ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Think tanks in Brazil and India are joining forces to examine the factors behind wage inequality in their countries and propose policy options to reduce inequality in labour markets. While these two economies have succeeded in ... Les chaînes de valeur comme leviers stratégiques. Les entreprises peuvent comprendre les ...

Economic losses due to bovine brucellosis in Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Renato L. Santos

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Brucellosis is an important zoonosis of worldwide distribution. Reliable epidemiologic brucellosis data covering approximately 90% of the cattle population in Brazil have been recently published. Therefore, considering the scarcity of information regarding the economic impact of bovine brucellosis in Brazil, the goal of this study was to estimate economic impact of brucellosis on the Brazilian cattle industry. Several parameters including abortion and perinatal mortality rates, temporary infertility, replacement costs, mortality, veterinary costs, milk and meat losses were considered in the model. Bovine brucellosis in Brazil results in an estimated loss of R$ 420,12 or R$ 226,47 for each individual dairy or beef infected female above 24 months of age, respectively. The total estimated losses in Brazil attributed to bovine brucellosis were estimated to be approximately R$ 892 million (equivalent to about 448 million American dollars. Every 1% increase or decrease in prevalence is expected to increase or decrease the economic burden of brucellosis in approximately 155 million Reais.

Saberes e práticas termais: uma perspectiva comparada em Portugal (Termas de S. Pedro do Sul e no Brasil (Caldas da Imperatriz Thermal knowledge and therapies: a comparative view of Portugal (São Pedro do Sul hot springs and Brazil (Caldas da Imperatriz hot springs

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Manuel Quintela

2004-01-01

Full Text Available Pretende-se neste artigo discutir como o termalismo, como prática terapêutica, se constituiu como um saber dito 'científico' legitimado pela medicina, que criou estabelecimentos terapêuticos e estâncias termais. Tomaremos como fontes textos dos séculos XIX e XX. A pesquisa foi iniciada em Portugal, em 1996, sendo efetuada uma etnografia das experiências termais nas Termas de S. Pedro do Sul. No Brasil, a pesquisa nas Caldas da Imperatriz foi iniciada em agosto de 2001 e encontra-se ainda em curso.Based on nineteenth- and twentieth-century texts, the article discusses how medicine legitimized the therapeutic practice of thermalism as so-called 'scientific' knowledge, with the creation of therapeutic establishments and hot-springs resorts. My research began in Portugal in 1996, where I produced an ethnography of experiences at the São Pedro do Sul hot springs. My research at Brazil's Caldas da Imperatriz, initiated in August 2001, is still underway.

Historical amphibian declines and extinctions in Brazil linked to chytridiomycosis.

Science.gov (United States)

Carvalho, Tamilie; Becker, C Guilherme; Toledo, Luís Felipe

2017-02-08

The recent increase in emerging fungal diseases is causing unprecedented threats to biodiversity. The origin of spread of the frog-killing fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis ( Bd ) is a matter of continued debate. To date, the historical amphibian declines in Brazil could not be attributed to chytridiomycosis; the high diversity of hosts coupled with the presence of several Bd lineages predating the reported declines raised the hypothesis that a hypervirulent Bd genotype spread from Brazil to other continents causing the recent global amphibian crisis. We tested for a spatio-temporal overlap between Bd and areas of historical amphibian population declines and extinctions in Brazil. A spatio-temporal convergence between Bd and declines would support the hypothesis that Brazilian amphibians were not adapted to Bd prior to the reported declines, thus weakening the hypothesis that Brazil was the global origin of Bd emergence. Alternatively, a lack of spatio-temporal association between Bd and frog declines would indicate an evolution of host resistance in Brazilian frogs predating Bd 's global emergence , further supporting Brazil as the potential origin of the Bd panzootic. Here, we Bd -screened over 30 000 museum-preserved tadpoles collected in Brazil between 1930 and 2015 and overlaid spatio-temporal Bd data with areas of historical amphibian declines. We detected an increase in the proportion of Bd -infected tadpoles during the peak of amphibian declines (1979-1987). We also found that clusters of Bd -positive samples spatio-temporally overlapped with most records of amphibian declines in Brazil's Atlantic Forest. Our findings indicate that Brazil is post epizootic for chytridiomycosis and provide another piece to the puzzle to explain the origin of Bd globally. © 2017 The Author(s).

Historical amphibian declines and extinctions in Brazil linked to chytridiomycosis

Science.gov (United States)

Carvalho, Tamilie; Becker, C. Guilherme

2017-01-01

The recent increase in emerging fungal diseases is causing unprecedented threats to biodiversity. The origin of spread of the frog-killing fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is a matter of continued debate. To date, the historical amphibian declines in Brazil could not be attributed to chytridiomycosis; the high diversity of hosts coupled with the presence of several Bd lineages predating the reported declines raised the hypothesis that a hypervirulent Bd genotype spread from Brazil to other continents causing the recent global amphibian crisis. We tested for a spatio-temporal overlap between Bd and areas of historical amphibian population declines and extinctions in Brazil. A spatio-temporal convergence between Bd and declines would support the hypothesis that Brazilian amphibians were not adapted to Bd prior to the reported declines, thus weakening the hypothesis that Brazil was the global origin of Bd emergence. Alternatively, a lack of spatio-temporal association between Bd and frog declines would indicate an evolution of host resistance in Brazilian frogs predating Bd's global emergence, further supporting Brazil as the potential origin of the Bd panzootic. Here, we Bd-screened over 30 000 museum-preserved tadpoles collected in Brazil between 1930 and 2015 and overlaid spatio-temporal Bd data with areas of historical amphibian declines. We detected an increase in the proportion of Bd-infected tadpoles during the peak of amphibian declines (1979–1987). We also found that clusters of Bd-positive samples spatio-temporally overlapped with most records of amphibian declines in Brazil's Atlantic Forest. Our findings indicate that Brazil is post epizootic for chytridiomycosis and provide another piece to the puzzle to explain the origin of Bd globally. PMID:28179514

Brazil and the Vital South Atlantic

Science.gov (United States)

1988-09-01

Brasileiro, Conferencia Mundial de Energia . Recursos Fnergeticos do Brasil . Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Maio, 1970. Carvalho Filho, Milton X. As Con ferencios...Geopolhti~os en ef At,,1,nrco Sur (No other references ) Baker, P. Warren. "Next: A Resource War?" Soýa Powver, p 55, October 1980. Banco do Brasil ...Brazil, The Nevv Power Brasil . (No date Barbola, Luiz. "Itamnaraty may faz objecat." Jornal de BrasO Ric) de’ Janeiro, Bircizil. (No other ref-rence

Energy issues and policies in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Goldemberg, J.

1981-10-01

Initiative taken in Brazil to achieve 'energy autonomy' in vien of the petroleum crisis is analyzed. The dynamics of the movement away from oil and the desire to base the development of the country on locally available resources such as hydroelectricity and biomass derived fuels are emphasized. Energy resources, energy comsumption, issues and policies, energy projections and social issues are discussed, as well as the relevance and applicability to other countries of policies followed in Brazil. (I.C.R.) [pt

Schistosomiasis control in Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Katz Naftale

1998-01-01

Full Text Available In 1975 the Special Programme for Schistosomiasis Control was introduced in Brazil with the objective of controlling this parasitic disease in six northeastern states. The methodology applied varied largely from state to state, but was based mainly on chemotherapy, This Programme was modified about ten years after it beginning with the main goals including control of morbidity and the blockage of establishment of new foci in non-endemic areas. In two states, Bahia and Minas Gerais, the schistosomiasis control programme started in 1979 and 1983, respectively. The recently made evaluation of those two programmes is the main focus of this paper. It must also be pointed out, that the great majority of the studies performed by different researchers in Brazil, at different endemic areas, consistently found significant decrease on prevalence and incidence, when control measures are repeatedly used for several years. Significant decrease of hepatosplenic forms in the studied areas is well documented in Brazil. After more than 20 years of schistosomiasis control programmes in our country, chemotherapy has shown to be a very important tool for the control of morbidity and to decrease prevalence and incidence in endemic areas. Nevertheless, in medium and long terms, sanitation, water supply, sewage draining and health education seem to be the real tools when the aim is persistent and definitive schistosomiasis control.

Mutual cooperation with Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Orstein, Roberto M.

1998-01-01

The history of the nuclear cooperation between Brazil and Argentina is outlined in the framework of the changing political circumstances. Reference is made to the agreements between both countries and to its implementation

Energy Education in Brazil.

Science.gov (United States)

Messick, Rosemary; de Paiva, Terezhina Villela O'Grady

1980-01-01

Compares energy education in Brazil and the United States. Topics discussed include the Brazilian setting, government initiatives, dependence on foreign fuel sources, public reaction, schools and energy education, and mass media involvement. (DB)

ICTs for Microcredit Delivery : Correspondent Banking in Brazil ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Although microfinance has proved a powerful tool in fighting poverty in developing countries, it has been slow to catch on in Latin America, particularly Brazil. On the other hand, correspondent banking enabled by information and communication technologies (ICTs) has allowed Brazil to reach low-income families in remote ...

Recreational use of benzydamine as a hallucinogen among street youth in Brazil Uso recreacional de benzidamina como alucinógeno entre adolescentes em situação de rua no Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Emérita Sátiro Opaleye

2009-09-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To describe the recreational use of benzydamine, an anti-inflammatory drug, among street youth in Brazil. METHOD: Design: a descriptive, cross sectional survey. Setting: 93 welfare services for the street youth in 27 Brazilian capitals. Participants: 2807 street youth, 10 to 18 years old. Main outcome measures: demographic characteristics, drug use pattern (lifetime use, use in the past 30 days, frequency, and characteristics of use in the past month and effects of benzydamine through the use of a questionnaire. RESULTS: 78 reported lifetime recreational benzydamine use (67 cases identified only in three capitals. Among the 30 respondents reporting drug use in the last month (the month preceding the survey, 66.7% (n = 20 used the drug on 4 or more days (in the month preceding the survey. The most frequently (50% pleasure effects reported were hallucination and nonspecific sensory changes described as "trips". Unwanted effects were reported by 75% of respondents, they were especially nausea and vomiting (21.4%. In the majority of the cases, drug was obtained from drugstores without a medical prescription. CONCLUSION: This study identifies the recreational use of benzydamine among street youth, mainly in the Northeast of Brazil, and also indicates the need for special controls on the dispensation of this substance.OBJETIVO: Descrever o uso recreacional de benzidamina, um medicamento antiinflamatório, entre adolescentes em situação de rua no Brasil. MÉTODO: Desenho: descritivo, transversal. Local: 93 instituições assistenciais para crianças e adolescentes em situação de rua nas 27 capitais do Brasil. Participantes: 2.807 crianças e adolescentes em situação de rua, com idade entre 10 e 18 anos. Principais medidas de interesse: características demográficas, padrão de uso (uso na vida, uso nos últimos 30 dias, frequência e características de uso no mês anterior à pesquisa e efeitos da benzidamina usando um question

Establishment and cryptic transmission of Zika virus in Brazil and the Americas.

Science.gov (United States)

Faria, N R; Quick, J; Claro, I M; Thézé, J; de Jesus, J G; Giovanetti, M; Kraemer, M U G; Hill, S C; Black, A; da Costa, A C; Franco, L C; Silva, S P; Wu, C-H; Raghwani, J; Cauchemez, S; du Plessis, L; Verotti, M P; de Oliveira, W K; Carmo, E H; Coelho, G E; Santelli, A C F S; Vinhal, L C; Henriques, C M; Simpson, J T; Loose, M; Andersen, K G; Grubaugh, N D; Somasekar, S; Chiu, C Y; Muñoz-Medina, J E; Gonzalez-Bonilla, C R; Arias, C F; Lewis-Ximenez, L L; Baylis, S A; Chieppe, A O; Aguiar, S F; Fernandes, C A; Lemos, P S; Nascimento, B L S; Monteiro, H A O; Siqueira, I C; de Queiroz, M G; de Souza, T R; Bezerra, J F; Lemos, M R; Pereira, G F; Loudal, D; Moura, L C; Dhalia, R; França, R F; Magalhães, T; Marques, E T; Jaenisch, T; Wallau, G L; de Lima, M C; Nascimento, V; de Cerqueira, E M; de Lima, M M; Mascarenhas, D L; Neto, J P Moura; Levin, A S; Tozetto-Mendoza, T R; Fonseca, S N; Mendes-Correa, M C; Milagres, F P; Segurado, A; Holmes, E C; Rambaut, A; Bedford, T; Nunes, M R T; Sabino, E C; Alcantara, L C J; Loman, N J; Pybus, O G

2017-06-15

Transmission of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas was first confirmed in May 2015 in northeast Brazil. Brazil has had the highest number of reported ZIKV cases worldwide (more than 200,000 by 24 December 2016) and the most cases associated with microcephaly and other birth defects (2,366 confirmed by 31 December 2016). Since the initial detection of ZIKV in Brazil, more than 45 countries in the Americas have reported local ZIKV transmission, with 24 of these reporting severe ZIKV-associated disease. However, the origin and epidemic history of ZIKV in Brazil and the Americas remain poorly understood, despite the value of this information for interpreting observed trends in reported microcephaly. Here we address this issue by generating 54 complete or partial ZIKV genomes, mostly from Brazil, and reporting data generated by a mobile genomics laboratory that travelled across northeast Brazil in 2016. One sequence represents the earliest confirmed ZIKV infection in Brazil. Analyses of viral genomes with ecological and epidemiological data yield an estimate that ZIKV was present in northeast Brazil by February 2014 and is likely to have disseminated from there, nationally and internationally, before the first detection of ZIKV in the Americas. Estimated dates for the international spread of ZIKV from Brazil indicate the duration of pre-detection cryptic transmission in recipient regions. The role of northeast Brazil in the establishment of ZIKV in the Americas is further supported by geographic analysis of ZIKV transmission potential and by estimates of the basic reproduction number of the virus.

Establishment and cryptic transmission of Zika virus in Brazil and the Americas

Science.gov (United States)

Faria, N. R.; Quick, J.; Claro, I. M.; Thézé, J.; de Jesus, J. G.; Giovanetti, M.; Kraemer, M. U. G.; Hill, S. C.; Black, A.; da Costa, A. C.; Franco, L. C.; Silva, S. P.; Wu, C.-H.; Raghwani, J.; Cauchemez, S.; Du Plessis, L.; Verotti, M. P.; de Oliveira, W. K.; Carmo, E. H.; Coelho, G. E.; Santelli, A. C. F. S.; Vinhal, L. C.; Henriques, C. M.; Simpson, J. T.; Loose, M.; Andersen, K. G.; Grubaugh, N. D.; Somasekar, S.; Chiu, C. Y.; Muñoz-Medina, J. E.; Gonzalez-Bonilla, C. R.; Arias, C. F.; Lewis-Ximenez, L. L.; Baylis, S. A.; Chieppe, A. O.; Aguiar, S. F.; Fernandes, C. A.; Lemos, P. S.; Nascimento, B. L. S.; Monteiro, H. A. O.; Siqueira, I. C.; de Queiroz, M. G.; de Souza, T. R.; Bezerra, J. F.; Lemos, M. R.; Pereira, G. F.; Loudal, D.; Moura, L. C.; Dhalia, R.; França, R. F.; Magalhães, T.; Marques, E. T.; Jaenisch, T.; Wallau, G. L.; de Lima, M. C.; Nascimento, V.; de Cerqueira, E. M.; de Lima, M. M.; Mascarenhas, D. L.; Neto, J. P. Moura; Levin, A. S.; Tozetto-Mendoza, T. R.; Fonseca, S. N.; Mendes-Correa, M. C.; Milagres, F. P.; Segurado, A.; Holmes, E. C.; Rambaut, A.; Bedford, T.; Nunes, M. R. T.; Sabino, E. C.; Alcantara, L. C. J.; Loman, N. J.; Pybus, O. G.

2017-06-01

Transmission of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas was first confirmed in May 2015 in northeast Brazil. Brazil has had the highest number of reported ZIKV cases worldwide (more than 200,000 by 24 December 2016) and the most cases associated with microcephaly and other birth defects (2,366 confirmed by 31 December 2016). Since the initial detection of ZIKV in Brazil, more than 45 countries in the Americas have reported local ZIKV transmission, with 24 of these reporting severe ZIKV-associated disease. However, the origin and epidemic history of ZIKV in Brazil and the Americas remain poorly understood, despite the value of this information for interpreting observed trends in reported microcephaly. Here we address this issue by generating 54 complete or partial ZIKV genomes, mostly from Brazil, and reporting data generated by a mobile genomics laboratory that travelled across northeast Brazil in 2016. One sequence represents the earliest confirmed ZIKV infection in Brazil. Analyses of viral genomes with ecological and epidemiological data yield an estimate that ZIKV was present in northeast Brazil by February 2014 and is likely to have disseminated from there, nationally and internationally, before the first detection of ZIKV in the Americas. Estimated dates for the international spread of ZIKV from Brazil indicate the duration of pre-detection cryptic transmission in recipient regions. The role of northeast Brazil in the establishment of ZIKV in the Americas is further supported by geographic analysis of ZIKV transmission potential and by estimates of the basic reproduction number of the virus.

Bolivia-Brazil gas line route detailed

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1992-01-01

This paper reports that state oil companies of Brazil and Bolivia have signed an agreement outlining the route for a 2,270 km pipeline system to deliver natural gas from Bolivian fields to Southeast Brazil. The two sides currently are negotiating details about construction costs as well as contract volumes and prices. Capacity is projected at 283-565 MMcfd. No official details are available, but Roberto Y. Hukai, a director of the Sao Paulo engineering company Jaako Poyry/Technoplan, estimates transportation cost of the Bolivian gas at 90 cents/MMBTU. That would be competitive with the price of gas delivered to the Sao Paulo gas utility Comgas, he the. Brazil's Petroleos Brasileiro SA estimates construction of the pipeline on the Brazilian side alone with cost $1.2-1.4 billion. Bolivia's Yacimientos Petroliferos Fiscales Bolivianos (YPFB) is negotiating with private domestic and foreign investors for construction of the Bolivian portion of the project

Brazil: The “coup” and was given

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Colectivo Canudos

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Many reforms are live and suffer in Brazil, even governments that are called progesistas today discussing the possibility of a “coup”, but those who speak of this possibility, do not see that as Brazil is suffering a blow hidden under the defense of “democracy” for the few. We present a characterization of the coup we speak.

Urban Violence Reduction and Citizen Security in Brazil, Colombia ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Urban Violence Reduction and Citizen Security in Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, and ... The work will be conducted in Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, and South Africa, which are ... Minister Bibeau announces appointments of IDRC's President and new ...

Labour Market Inequality in Brazil and India: A Comparative Brazil ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

In Brazil, inequality has dropped by 9% between 1993 and 2008, while in India,, it increased by 16%. This reflects the different labour markets in both countries, which provide the main source of income for households. This research project brings together The Centre for Analysis and Planning in São Paulo (CEBRAP) and ...

Biodiversity of mycobiota throughout the Brazil nut supply chain: From rainforest to consumer

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Taniwaki, Marta H.; Frisvad, Jens Christian; Ferranti, Larissa S.

2017-01-01

A total of 172 Brazil nut samples (114 in shell and 58 shelled) from the Amazon rainforest region and São Paulo state, Brazil was collected at different stages of the Brazil nut production chain: rainforest, street markets, processing plants and supermarkets. The mycobiota of the Brazil nut sampl...

Brazil-U.S. Relations

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Seelke, Clare R

2008-01-01

.... Lula was re-elected in the second round of voting with fairly broad popular support. His immediate tasks were to boost Brazil's lagging economic growth and address the issues of crime, violence, and poverty...

Migrações internas e malária urbana - Bahia, Brasil Internal migration and urban malaria - Bahia, Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sebastião Loureiro de Souza

1986-10-01

Full Text Available Estuda-se as características sócio-econômicas dos indivíduos acometidos pela malária, em 1983, na área urbana de Camaçari - Bahia, Brasil, com destaque para os subgrupos migrantes e não migrantes. As condições de vida precárias de ambos os subgrupos são apontadas como os determinantes do surto de malária desencadeado no local.It is proposed to study the socio-economic characteristics of individuals who were infected with malaria in the urban area of Camaçari, Bahia, Brazil, in 1983. Special emphasis being given to the subgroups of migrants and nonmigrants. The precarious living conditions of both subgroups are identified as determinative of the malaria outbreak which occurred there.

El anisakis y sus enfermedades como enfermedad profesional

OpenAIRE

Vicente Pardo, José Manuel

2016-01-01

El anisakis es un parásito complejo de los animales marinos. El hombre no es el hospedador adecuado, ya que en él la larva L3 no puede completar su ciclo vital, siendo por tanto un hospedador accidental u ocasional, que se interpone en el ciclo vital del nemátodo, y al que el anisakis le puede causar tanto la parasitación como la alergia, cuando ingiere pescado o cefalópodos crudos o poco cocinados: tales como sushi, sashimi, ceviche gravlax noruego, lomi-lomi hawaiano, así como pescados en e...

Case studies in international tobacco surveillance: cigarette smuggling in Brazil.

Science.gov (United States)

Shafey, O; Cokkinides, V; Cavalcante, T M; Teixeira, M; Vianna, C; Thun, M

2002-09-01

This article is the first in a series of international case studies developed by the American Cancer Society to illustrate use of publicly available surveillance data for regional tobacco control. A descriptive analysis of Brazil and Paraguay cigarette production and trade data from official sources. Per capita cigarette consumption for Brazil and its neighbour was calculated from 1970 to 1998 using data on production, imports, and exports from NATIONS, the National Tobacco Information Online System. A 63% decrease was observed in the estimate of per capita consumption of cigarettes in Brazil between 1986 and 1998 (from 1913 cigarettes per person in 1986 to 714 cigarettes per person in 1998) and a 16-fold increase in Paraguay was observed during the same period (from 678 cigarettes per person in 1986 to 10 929 cigarettes per person in 1998). Following Brazil's 1999 passage of a 150% cigarette export tax, cigarette exports fell 89% and Brazil's estimated per capita consumption rose to 1990 levels (based on preliminary data). Per capita consumption in Paraguay also fell to 1990 levels. These trends coincide with local evidence that large volumes of cigarettes manufactured in Brazil for export to Paraguay are smuggled back and consumed as tax-free contraband in Brazil. It is hoped that this case study will draw wider public attention to the problems that smuggling presents for tobacco control, help identify other countries confronting similar issues, and stimulate effective interventions.

Brazil for Sale? Does Sino-Brazilian Trade or Investment Significantly Influence Brazil’s United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) Voting Pattern?

Science.gov (United States)

2011-12-01

for Trade in Brazil? An Application of the Gravity Model. Anais do XXXI Encontro Nacional de Economia [Proceedings of the 31th Brazilian Economics...FDI Matter for Trade in Brazil? An Application of the Gravity Model. Anais do XXXI Encontro Nacional de Economia [Proceedings of the 31th

Equine influenza in Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Patricia Filippsen Favaro

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Equine influenza virus (EIV (H3N8 and H7N7 is the causative agent of equine influenza, or equine flu. The H7N7 subtype has been considered to be extinct worldwide since 1980. Affected animals have respiratory symptoms that can be worsened by secondary bacterial respiratory infection, thereby leading to great economic losses in the horse-breeding industry. In Brazil, equine influenza outbreaks were first reported in 1963 and studies on hemagglutination antibodies against viral subtypes in Brazilian horses have been conducted since then. The objective of the present review was to present the history of the emergence of EIV around the world and in Brazil and the studies that have thus far been developed on EIV in Brazilian equines.

Organic carbon stocks in the soils of Brazil

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Batjes, N.H.

2005-01-01

Soil organic carbon stocks to 1 m for Brazil, calculated using an updated Soil and Terrain (SOTER) database and simulation of phenoforms, are 65.9-67.5 Pg C, of which 65% is in the Amazonian region of Brazil. Other researchers have obtained similar gross results, despite very different spatial

The Cassava Processing Industry in Brazil: Traditional Techniques ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The paper considers the evolution of cassava-based industrial production, processing and marketing in Brazil, in light of the great technological diversification to be found in Brazil. It discusses the private role of the small- and medium-scale food and related processing enterprises in the food industry, as they employ ...

Aspergillus bertholletius sp. nov. from Brazil nuts.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marta H Taniwaki

Full Text Available During a study on the mycobiota of brazil nuts (Bertholletia excelsa in Brazil, a new Aspergillus species, A. bertholletius, was found, and is described here. A polyphasic approach was applied using morphological characters, extrolite data as well as partial β-tubulin, calmodulin and ITS sequences to characterize this taxon. A. bertholletius is represented by nineteen isolates from samples of brazil nuts at various stages of production and soil close to Bertholletia excelsa trees. The following extrolites were produced by this species: aflavinin, cyclopiazonic acid, kojic acid, tenuazonic acid and ustilaginoidin C. Phylogenetic analysis using partial β-tubulin and camodulin gene sequences showed that A. bertholletius represents a new phylogenetic clade in Aspergillus section Flavi. The type strain of A. bertholletius is CCT 7615 ( = ITAL 270/06 = IBT 29228.

Aspergillus bertholletius sp. nov. from Brazil Nuts

Science.gov (United States)

Taniwaki, Marta H.; Pitt, John I.; Iamanaka, Beatriz T.; Sartori, Daniele; Copetti, Marina V.; Balajee, Arun; Fungaro, Maria Helena P.; Frisvad, Jens C.

2012-01-01

During a study on the mycobiota of brazil nuts (Bertholletia excelsa) in Brazil, a new Aspergillus species, A. bertholletius, was found, and is described here. A polyphasic approach was applied using morphological characters, extrolite data as well as partial β-tubulin, calmodulin and ITS sequences to characterize this taxon. A. bertholletius is represented by nineteen isolates from samples of brazil nuts at various stages of production and soil close to Bertholletia excelsa trees. The following extrolites were produced by this species: aflavinin, cyclopiazonic acid, kojic acid, tenuazonic acid and ustilaginoidin C. Phylogenetic analysis using partial β-tubulin and camodulin gene sequences showed that A. bertholletius represents a new phylogenetic clade in Aspergillus section Flavi. The type strain of A. bertholletius is CCT 7615 ( = ITAL 270/06 = IBT 29228). PMID:22952594

[Fertility transition in Brazil. Causes and consequences].

Science.gov (United States)

Carvalho, J A; Wong, L R

1992-12-01

This work examines the determinants and most important consequences of the Brazilian fertility decline. Brazil's total fertility rate declined from 6.2 in 1940 to around 3.5 in 1985. the decline began in the 1960s and amounted to 45% in about 20 years. The most rapid drop began in the late 1970s, with much of it concentrated in 2 specific periods: 1970-75 and 1980-85. The early period coincided with Brazil's so-called "Economic Miracle", a period of rapid growth accompanied however by deteriorating living conditions for the poorest population sectors. The second period coincided with the international economic crisis of the early 1980s, which was felt more strongly in Brazil than elsewhere in Latin America because of Brazil's greater degree of industrialization and closer integration into the world economy. Most of the fertility decline has been accomplished by use of just two contraceptive methods, oral contraceptives and sterilization, which together account for around 85% of contraceptive usage throughout Brazil. The third most common method, rhythm, accounts for just 6%. No reliable data on abortion are available, but it appears to be a common practice equally accessible to all socioeconomic strata despite greater associated health risks for poorer women. Brazil's fertility transition appears to have been a response to the process of proletarianization and urbanization underway in the country as well as to particular circumstances in the country. The most evident and immediate consequence of the continuous fertility decline over more than 20 years is the change in the age structure of the population. The proportions of children under 5 will decline from 14.4% in 1980 to 9.2% in 2010. The proportion aged 5-14 will decline from 24.5% to 17.4%, while the proportion aged 65 and over will increase from 4.0% to 5.6%. Brazil's recent demographic changes are scarcely reflected in development plans and political and social projects. There is almost no mention of the new

Risco de infecção pelo HIV: como mulheres moradoras em uma favela se percebem na cadeia de transmissão do vírus Riesgo de infección por el HIV: como mujeres moradoras en un asentamiento humano se perciben en la cadena de transmisión del virus The risk of HIV infection: perception of women living in a slum about their participation in the virus transmission chair

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Neide de Souza Praça

2003-02-01

saludables tanto ellas como su familia. Esta manera de pensar y de actuar puede estar contribuyendo a la heterosexualización del SIDA en el país.The number of notified cases of women with AIDS is increasing in Brazil. Based on this, the authors developed this qualitative study theoretically based on Cultural Anthropology. The ethnographic methodology was used to collect and to analyze data. The investigation had the purpose to identify the perception about the risk for HIV infection of the women living in a slum located in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, through interviews and participant observation of the context. Results showed that the women have some knowledge about AIDS, about the transmission of HIV and its preventive measures through sexual intercourse. The cultural data also showed that the women do not feel susceptible to the disease, although most of them are dependent on their partners' income to maintain themselves healthy as well as their families. This way of thinking and acting may be contributing to increase the cases of women with AIDS in Brazil.

EL APRENDIZAJE ORGANIZACIONAL COMO FACILITADOR DE RELACIONES SOCIALES RESPONSABLES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eliecer Mayorca Capataz

2014-08-01

Full Text Available La importancia que tienen las relaciones sociales y el aprendizaje en la vida del ser humano: ser social, ser de relaciones, un ser abierto que se define por las relaciones con los demás, se considera imprescindible, abordar el tema para favorecer el desarrollo integral de la personas. Ello supone que, la vida para su permanente desarrollo implica en la persona, articular un entramado de relaciones, mediante la experiencia de aprendizaje y el reconocimiento de los valores fundamentales como el respeto por la humanidad, en un todo interrelacionado, en el que, de alguna forma, remite el actuar de las personas, a su racionalidad, a su espontaneidad, a la forma como se comunica y trabaja con los otros, a la manera constante de aprender, de buscar la calidad de vida, de amar su oficio como forma de influencia positiva, y establecer relaciones socialmente responsables. Para ello, se estableció como objetivo: realizar un análisis conceptual del aprendizaje organizacional como facilitador de las relaciones sociales responsables en la organización. Metodológicamente, el trabajo es de carácter documental y bibliográfico, soportadas en investigaciones previas; y como reflexión se estableció que el centro para aprender y relacionarse es el hombre.

Communications received from Argentina and Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1988-05-01

The document reproduces the Joint Declaration on Nuclear Policy signed by the Presidents of Argentina and Brazil on 30 November 1985, the Protocol on Nuclear Co-operation between Argentina and Brazil signed on 10 December 1986, the Joint Declaration on Nuclear Policy signed by the two Presidents on 10 December 1986, the Joint Declaration on Nuclear Policy signed by the two Presidents on 17 July 1987 and the Joint Declaration on Nuclear Policy (IPERO Declaration) signed by the two Presidents on 8 April 1988

Potential geographic distribution of hantavirus reservoirs in Brazil.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Stefan Vilges de Oliveira

Full Text Available Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome is an emerging zoonosis in Brazil. Human infections occur via inhalation of aerosolized viral particles from excreta of infected wild rodents. Necromys lasiurus and Oligoryzomys nigripes appear to be the main reservoirs of hantavirus in the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes. We estimated and compared ecological niches of the two rodent species, and analyzed environmental factors influencing their occurrence, to understand the geography of hantavirus transmission. N. lasiurus showed a wide potential distribution in Brazil, in the Cerrado, Caatinga, and Atlantic Forest biomes. Highest climate suitability for O. nigripes was observed along the Brazilian Atlantic coast. Maximum temperature in the warmest months and annual precipitation were the variables that most influence the distributions of N. lasiurus and O. nigripes, respectively. Models based on occurrences of infected rodents estimated a broader area of risk for hantavirus transmission in southeastern and southern Brazil, coinciding with the distribution of human cases of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome. We found no demonstrable environmental differences among occurrence sites for the rodents and for human cases of hantavirus. However, areas of northern and northeastern Brazil are also apparently suitable for the two species, without broad coincidence with human cases. Modeling of niches and distributions of rodent reservoirs indicates potential for transmission of hantavirus across virtually all of Brazil outside the Amazon Basin.

The Poisoned Chalice: Oil and Macroeconomics in Brazil (1967-2003)

Science.gov (United States)

Biasetto, Bruno Henz

This dissertation analyzes the development of the Brazilian oil industry and its impact on the economic development of Brazil from the beginning of the "Brazilian Miracle" (1968-1973) to the end of the Fernando Henrique Cardoso's second term as president (1995-2002). The dissertation explores the closely intertwined nature of Brazil's oil industry and its macroeconomic development, shedding new light on the history of Petrobras (the Brazilian state oil company), and on other key topics of Brazilian economic history, including the Debt Crisis of the 1980s and the role of neoliberalism in Brazil. The argument is that oil policy shaped the national economy and the Brazilian state in this period. Attention to the oil industry, and to Petrobras in particular, was crucial to the establishment of diplomatic and economic policy, and to conflict within the Brazilian state. Finally, this dissertation seeks to illuminate Brazil's place in the global oil industry and how that has shaped Brazil's global economic standing.

Economic missions. Synthetic file: the petroleum sector in Brazil (exploration and production); the refining activity in Brazil; natural gas in Brazil: a fragile market, inferior to forecasts

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

2002-01-01

This dossier prepared by the economic mission of the French embassy in Brazil makes a synthesis of the exploration-production and refining activities of the petroleum industry, and of the natural gas distribution market in Brazil: oil reserves and production, Petrobras company, partnership agreements with Petrobras, legal aspects, concessions, projects financing, refining capacity, refinery projects in progress or under study, para-petroleum market perspectives and opportunities, natural gas market development, pipelines network, gas utilities, privatization and foreign participation, lack of expertise and of gas infrastructures and equipments. (J.S.)

EL CONFLICTO COMO CONSTRUCTOR DE CIUDAD

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Twiggy Ortegón

2012-04-01

Full Text Available El planteamiento central de este articulo, es el de sugerir una análisis en torno a algunas de las condiciones o mecanismo necesarios para que el conflicto opere como un potenciador de la diferencia y creador de alternativas para la convivencia Se realiza una distinción del concepto, un análisis de contenidos interaccionales en dinámicas de conflicto y su relación con el contexto urbano de Bogotá, enfocándose en ámbitos escolares. En ciudades como Bogotá, las discusiones y acciones que diferentes estamentos han emprendido frente a la manera de concebir y gestionar el conflicto, desembocan en la creación de diferentes organismos como los centros de conciliación, la aplicación de fórmulas y técnicas para la solución de conflictos, el desarrollo de propuestas desde entes administrativos a nivel distrital y las nuevas disposiciones que plantea la Ley 115 sobre Gobierno Escolar y manuales de convivencia.

The Virtue of Knowing-How = A virtude do saber-como

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Santos, Felipe Rocha Lima

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Intelectualistas sobre o conhecimento-como afirmam que o conhecimento-como é um tipo de conhecimento proposicional. Antiintelectualistas procuram demonstrar que existem casos em que o agente possui conhecimento-como, mas não possuem conhecimento proposicional. Este artigo se concentra nos recentes argumentos antiintelectualistas propostos por Carter e Pritchard. Procuro mostrar que os argumentos de Carter e Pritchard não são bem sucedidos e que, aplicando a epistemologia das virtudes ao debate, pode-se concluir que o conhecimento-como compartilha as mesmas propriedades epistêmicas que o conhecimento proposicional. Se isso é o caso, então é possível afirmar que o conhecimento-como é um tipo de conhecimento proposicional, deixando a salvo novamente o intelectualismo

Robots como ferramenta pedagógica nos primeiros anos a aprendizagem como participação

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

SÓNIA MATILDE PINTO CORREIA MARTINS

2015-01-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo describe y analiza un proyecto realizado con dos grados del 1er ciclo de enseñanza básica en Portugal (2doy 3er grado que trabajaron en conjunto con robots, tomando el aprendizaje como un fenómeno intrín-secamente relacionado a la participación en comunidades de práctica (Lave, 1996; Lave; Wenger, 1991. Se pretende caracterizar a los participantes, a la metodología de trabajo implementada, describirlos artefactos utilizados (robots y escritura de una historia y analizar la relación de los participantes con los robots, así como los patrones de participación que se relevaron con este tipo de trabajo. Se busca enfatizar e las contribuciones derivadas de la participación en ambientes sociales digitales para el aprendizaje de los alumnos, como la participación y la negociación conjunta de significados, la importancia de que los robots y la historia hayan sido “construidos” por los alumnos y la existencia de un repertorio compartido y un emprendi-miento conjunto.

IDRC in Brazil

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Subscribe to the IDRC Bulletin: www.idrc.ca/idrcbulletin. BRAZIL. Macapá. Manaus. São Paulo. Belém. Fortaleza. Recife. Salvador. Rio de Janeiro. Porto. Alegre. Brasilia. ✪. ○. ○. ○. ○. ○. ○. ○. ○. ○. BOLIVIA. PERU. ECUADOR. COLOMBIA. VENEZUELA. CHILE. PARAGUAY. Atlantic Ocean. Pacific Ocean.

Tax regulating carbon market in Brazil: barriers and perspectives

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Marques, Fernando; Magalhaes, Gerusa; Parente, Virginia

2010-01-01

The world is moving towards a low carbon economy to fight global warming caused by increases in anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). The carbon market beckons as a promising opportunity for Brazil through Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects, which result in Certified Emission Reductions (CERs). Although Brazil is responsible for about 8% of all CDM projects in the world, there is still no specific tax regulation for CERs, thus hindering the development of carbon market in Brazil. It is essential that Brazil have a consistent internal framework which guarantees to potential investors a minimum security on the legal and fiscal operations of CERs. There are government institutions, considering the current law and that, given the number of bills being processed in Congress, are not definitive. Such bills have different understandings for the legal classification of CERs and the related tax treatment. This article supports an urgent need for a regulatory tax system for CERs, proposing a tax exemption on transactions involving CERs in order to encourage the effective development of carbon markets in Brazil in the context of the currently international legal system in which Kyoto Protocol is based. (author)

Brazil's Exception to the World-Class University Movement

Science.gov (United States)

Alperin, Juan Pablo

2013-01-01

The continued importance of university rankings has only served to fuel the growth of the "world-class" university movement. There is a growing impression that, in a globalised and interconnected world, no country can do without a world-class university. No country, that is, except Brazil. While Brazil has the resources necessary to…

Rural Sociology in Brazil: Institutional Growth (1965-1977).

Science.gov (United States)

Hansen, David O.; And Others

Growth and present status of graduate programs, major research interests, and potential for US-Brazilian collaboration indicate the present state of rural sociology in Brazil. In contrast to US rural sociology's identity crisis of the past decade, the field in Brazil has blossomed. Graduate programs are underway at universities of Rio Grande do…

Tragédias nas escolas americanas: como entendê-las? Como impedir que voltem a acontecer?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eva Paulino Bueno

2011-05-01

Full Text Available

Este artigo dá uma visão histórica do direito de portar armas nos Estados Unidos, e como a existência e facilidade de obtenção de armas têm causado inúmeras tragédias em escolas. Fala também das diferentes maneiras que as pessoas reagem às tragédias e como impedir que ocorram.

Nuclear safeguards in Brazil and Argentina: 25 years of ABACC

Science.gov (United States)

Kassenova, Togzhan

2017-11-01

As possessors of advanced nuclear technology, Brazil and Argentina bear special responsibility for helping the international community and neighbors in their region feel confident that their nuclear programs are peaceful, secure, and safe. Over the past 25 years, the Brazilian-Argentine Agency for Accounting and Control of Nuclear Materials (ABACC) has played an indispensable role in strengthening such confidence by implementing nuclear safeguards in the two countries. Today, ABACC carries out safeguards inspections at a total of 76 nuclear facilities in Brazil and Argentina. This article describes how Brazil and Argentina view trends in the global nonproliferation regime and international nuclear safeguards, and explains how these trends relate to unique challenges and opportunities facing Brazil, Argentina, and ABACC.

Preconceito racial de marca e preconceito racial de origem: sugestão de um quadro de referência para a interpretação do material sobre relações raciais no Brasil Mark and origin: a framework for the analysis of racial prejudice in Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Oracy Nogueira

2007-06-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste texto é construir um quadro de referência que possa ser aplicado como um conjunto de hipóteses aos estudos das relações raciais no Brasil. Apresenta doze proposições que contribuem para estabelecer as características diferenciadoras de dois tipos de preconceito e de dinâmica das situações raciais na sociedade brasileira e na sociedade norte-americana. Para isso, dá o nome de "preconceito de marca" à forma como tais características se apresentam no Brasil e de "preconceito de origem" à maneira pela qual elas se constituem nos Estados Unidos.The objective of this text is to construct an interpretative framework capable of being applied as a set of hypotheses to studies of race relations in Brazil. It presents twelve propositions that help determine the differentiating features of two types of prejudice and dynamics of racial situations in Brazilian society and US society. This aim in mind, it denominates the form in which these features are presented in Brazil as "mark prejudice", and the way in which they are constituted in the United States as "origin prejudice".

La Realidad Aumentada como complemento motivacional

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gazcón, Nicolás Fernando

2016-06-01

Full Text Available El acelerado avance de la tecnología permite que las tecnologías emergentes sean accesibles por todos los usuarios. Ejemplos de estas tecnologías son la Realidad Aumentada y la Reconstrucción 3D, que gracias a dispositivos como tabletas o teléfonos inteligentes, pueden utilizarse de manera ubicua. Éstas tienen un enorme potencial en el campo de la educación, ya sea como recurso para entender conceptos complejos, como para motivar el aprendizaje de nuevos contenidos. El desafío de estas tecnologías es integrarlas para que sean accesibles y fáciles de utilizar por los docentes y los alumnos. En este trabajo presentamos una metodología para motivar el aprendizaje tanto en tareas de campo, mediante el uso de la Reconstrucción 3D, como en el ámbito escolar mediante libros aumentados. Por medio de un caso de estudio introducimos la Reconstrucción 3D de elementos fósiles de un sitio paleontológico bonaerense, para luego incorporar estos contenidos generados en un libro aumentado. A partir de la digitalización de huellas y fósiles de sitios paleontológicos, se obtuvieron modelos 3D que se integraron en un ambiente de aprendizaje inmersivo en el aula mediante los libros aumentados. Presentamos las opiniones de docentes de distintas disciplinas, que resaltan las posibilidades de esta metodología para su inclusión en el ámbito educacional regional.

Los ancianos como actores sociales

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mª PIA ARENYS

1996-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se recogen las discusiones de grupo que se realizaron durante cuatro meses en Barcelona como preparación del "II congreso de la gent gran" (II congreso de ancianos de esta ciudad, en noviembre de 1993. las discusiones se llevaron a cabo en las sedes de cada distrito, previa presentación de la ponencia por parte de un técnico. los componentes de los grupos son personas mayores sensibilizadas y comprometidas que forman parte del consejo de bienestar social del ayuntamiento de Barcelona. la metodología utilizada es cualitativa para el análisis del discurso, que se ha estructurado en los siguientes puntos: bajo el epígrafe "los ancianos como ciudadanos de derechos y obligaciones" se recogen los temas de valoración de la vejez, la familia, la jubilación, las implicaciones de los ancianos como ciudadanos de derechos y deberes y las funciones sociales de los ancianos.-- sobre estos temas, los mayores expresaron sus opiniones, que se vertieron, resumidamente, en la redacción final de la ponencia. aquí se recogen y se han analizado los materiales que ofrecen una versión de primera mano sobre lo que opinan los ancianos respecto al tema de "la valoración de la vejez".

Programa saúde da família no brasil: um enfoque sobre seus pressupostos básicos, operacionalização e vantagens Family health program in brazil: a focus on its basic assumptions, performance and advantages

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Milena Lopes Santana

2001-07-01

Full Text Available De sua concepção até o momento atual, são muitas as análises a respeito do Programa Saúde da Família (PSF no Brasil. Embora ainda em número reduzido, integrantes das unidades de saúde da família, secretários municipais de saúde, prefeitos, elementos do Ministério da Saúde, bem como docentes de universidades e pesquisadores renomados da saúde pública e outras áreas afins, têm se disposto a discutir e a refletir sobre tal estratégia. Dessa forma, tornou-se pertinente fazer uma revisão da literatura sobre o PSF, a qual foi abordada em temas: retrospectiva histórica do período que antecedeu o PSF; seus pressupostos básicos; estratégias de operacionalização: a família como foco de assistência, o princípio da vigilância à saúde, a atuação da equipe multidisciplinar; os diferentes modelos de implantação no Brasil; aspectos facilitadores ou não dessa implantação, bem como as vantagens e desvantagens do PSF no sistema de saúde brasileiro.Since its conception up to the moment, many have been the analysis concerning the Family Health Program in Brazil (FHP. Although still in a small number, members of the Family Health Units, Health Municipal Secretaries, Mayors, members of health Ministry, as well as Universities teaching staff and renowned researchers of public health and other similar branches, they have disposed themselves towards discussing and considering such strategy. Thus, it became appropriate to carry out a review on the literature about The FHP, which was approached in topics: historic retrospective of the period that preceded The FHP; its basic assumptions; performance strategies; the family as the center of assistance, the principle of health vigilance, the performance of the multidisciplinarian staff, the different patterns of implantation in Brazil, the facilitating aspects or not of this launching in Brazil, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of The FHP in Brazilian Health System.

Quests em World Of Warcraft como estrutura narrativa seriada

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jônatas Kerr de Oliveira

2010-10-01

Full Text Available Assumindo que as quests em World of Warcraft funcionam como uma estrutura narrativa dentro do jogo, busca-se verificar se esta estrutura apresenta características que possam caracterizá-la como uma narrativa seriada. Para tal, é feita uma análise das principais características da narrativa seriada televisiva, assim como da estrutura de quests, para verificar a viabilidade de tal aproximação. Sendo a estrutura narrativa de quests em MMORPGs uma estrutura narrativa seriada, abre-se um grande leque de possibilidades, tanto para as análises teóricas dos videogames, utilizando o ferramental adaptado, como para os game designers utilizarem este referencial para acrescer detalhes aos mundos ficcionais criados.

Reflexions on the expansion of nuclear generation in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Freitas, Juliana de Moraes Marreco de

2006-01-01

This article analyses the pros and cons of the nuclear generation in Brazil, involving in a large discussion the technological perspectives both economic, social and environmental. The objective is to rise the main questions about the polemical nuclear expansion in Brazil

The climate change/energy efficiencies market in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2000-03-01

In December 1997, one hundred and sixty countries negotiated the Kyoto Protocol, where a commitment was made by industrialized countries to reduce their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 5.2 per cent below their 1990 level. This objective was to be achieved by 2008 to 2012. The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) was promoted by Brazil in Kyoto. The CDM defines the mechanism by which investment, technologies and practices from developed countries are implemented in developing country projects. It is then possible to credit the emissions avoided by these projects against the supplier's own commitment to reducing GHG. An essential element of good business practice for the private sector and programs sponsored by the government in Brazil is sound environmental management. The Brazilian Federal Government, research institutes and few leading private companies are concerned with the climate change market. Climate change and environmental efficiency projects in Brazil are frequently funded by international financial institutions (IFIs), namely the World Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), and the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA). International partners who can help in obtaining IFIs funds are sought after by Brazilian companies. Before entering the Brazilian market, Canadian entrepreneurs should examine all aspects of exporting environmental equipment. Some investment in Brazil might be required to achieve long term penetration of the market. Since national companies are offered preferential treatment for obtaining government contracts, a local partner is almost indispensable. The cost of doing business in Brazil might even be increased when considering the import taxes, such as federal excise taxes, state value-added taxes, and the merchant marine tax. Brazil can represent a springboard to the South American markets due to its membership in trade groups like the Mercosul and the Latin American Integration Association (ALADI). 14 refs

O SERTÃO COMO FORMA DE PENSAMENTO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Willi Bolle

1998-10-01

Full Text Available Focalizando um micromodelo do sertão, o "Liso do Sussuarão", este ensaio es tuda a construção da paisagem em Grande sertão: veredas como componente de um retrato do Brasil. Partindo do confronto entregeografia inventada e geografia rea l, examina-se a tese rosiana do sertãocomo um "pensamento" que "se forma mais forte do que o poder do lugar", comparando essa tese com o paradigma dos viajantes naturalistas, o determinismo positivista de Euclides da Cunha e a nova historiografia. Como traço estilístico dominante é detectado um modo de escreverque S€ pode chamar de "poética da dissolução", pela qual o romance de Rosa se configura como um poderoso dissolvente de outros tipos de discursos sobre o Brasil.

La subjetividad como superación del reproductivismo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gabriela Yamila Gómez

2013-01-01

Full Text Available El artículo tiene como objetivo recuperar la esfera de lo subjetivo como eje de la teoría y de la investigación social. Se proponen dos argumentos principales: a el abordaje de la subjetividad no equivale a subjetivismo; y b tampoco equivale a una mirada microsociológica que no dé cuenta de los procesos sociales generales. Partiendo de estas dos premisas, el estudio del mundo de la vida experimentado y realizado por los sujetos permitirá superar el reproductivismo, comprendiendo la relación entre las condiciones objetivas y subjetivas, así como la posibilidad y existencia del cambio social.

Realism under Hegemony: Theorizing the Rise of Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kurt Weyland

2016-01-01

Full Text Available What light can international relations theory shed on how developing countries such as Brazil have achieved regional leadership and international influence? This comprehensive examination of Brazilian foreign policy over the last few decades argues that Realism provides a better account of Brazil’s strategy than Liberalism and Constructivism. Despite changes of government and regime, Brasília has persistently pursued relative political gain, especially international influence. However, because this rising country has faced an established hegemon in the form of the United States, it has not been able to employ conventionally Realist instruments and tactics. Its subordinate position in the current power constellation has forced Brazil to forego political or military confrontation and instead use economic cooperation, both with the hegemon and its weaker neighbors. Through this collaboration, Brazil hopes to derive disproportionate benefits that will enhance its relative power. By elucidating these complex calculations, the present essay explains the Realist strategy that ambitious nations such as Brazil have pursued and helps design a version of Realism that captures recent power dynamics in the international system.

Parâmetros astrofísicos de estrelas gigantes do aglomerado globular 47 Tucanae

Science.gov (United States)

Alves-Brito, A.; Barbuy, B.

2003-08-01

Os aglomerados globulares são considerados laboratórios astrofísicos para a verificação da teoria de evolução estelar, bem como a trajetória químio-dinâmica das galáxias hospedeiras. Em particular, 47 Tucanae (NGC 104) configura-se como um dos mais extensivamente estudados aglomerados globulares da Galáxia devido a relativa proximidade ao Sol (R¤ = 4.5 kpc) e alta latitute galáctica (b = -44°,89). Neste trabalho, apresentamos a velocidade radial heliocêntrica e os parâmetros atmosféricos (Teff, logg, [Fe/H]) de 5 estrelas gigantes do aglomerado globular 47 Tucanae. Os espectros foram obtidos pelo espectrógrafo UVES (Ultaviolet Visual Echelle Spectrograph) de alta resolução (R = 60000) e alta razão sinal-ruído (S/N > 200), acoplado ao telescópio de 8,2m Kueyen do VLT (Very Large Telescope). Nós encontramos = -22,43 +/- 3,97 km/s, [Fe/H] ~ -0.7, 1,2 estrelas cobrem um intervalo de magnitude 12,2 < V < 14,2. Os parâmetros atmosféricos são fundamentais para a construção de espectros sintéticos de outros aglomerados globulares ricos em metais. Trabalho financiado pela FAPESP e pelo CNPq.

Using the Portuguese version of the Bicultural Scale in Brazil.

Science.gov (United States)

Zubaran, Carlos; Foresti, Katia; Persch, Karina Nunes

2016-01-01

Brazil has received influxes of people, mainly from Africa, Europe and Japan, forming one of the most heterogeneous populations in the world. Some groups, particularly in Southern Brazil, have retained their original cultural traditions, whilst acquiring elements of the typical local Brazilian cultural identity. This is the first study designed to formally evaluate biculturality in Brazil. To psychometrically assess and validate the Portuguese version of the Bicultural Scale (BS) in Brazil. The BS was adapted and translated to Portuguese and tested for the first time in Brazil in a sample of descendants (n = 160) from four immigrant groups and respective locations in Southern Brazil. A series of psychometric tests were conducted in order to examine the validity of the Portuguese version of the BS. Analyses of variance across scores for all subgroups were also conducted. Factor analysis revealed two main factors contributing to most of the variance in scores. The 10 items measuring affiliation with minority cultural characteristics and the typical Brazilian culture yielded Cronbach's alpha coefficients of 0.69 and 0.78 respectively, whereas the overall Cronbach's alpha for all 20 items of the BS was 0.67. There was a significant correlation between items related to the typical Brazilian culture and the generation since immigration of research participants (r = 0.23, p = 0.004). The mean time taken to complete the questionnaire was 7.4 minutes. The results indicate that the Portuguese version of the BS is a valid, reliable and easy-to-use instrument to assess biculturality experienced by descendants of immigrants in southern Brazil.

7 CFR 319.56-25 - Papayas from Central America and Brazil.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Papayas from Central America and Brazil. 319.56-25... § 319.56-25 Papayas from Central America and Brazil. The Solo type of papaya may be imported into the... shipment to the United States in one of the following locations: (1) Brazil: State of Espirito Santo; all...

The natural gas as a strategic option for the development of Brazil Northeastern region; O gas natural como uma opcao estrategica para o desenvolvimento da Regiao Nordeste Setentrional do Brasil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Marcusso, Jose Luiz; Lima Junior, Giovanni G.B.; Nascimento Filho, Epitacio [PETROBRAS, Natal/Fortaleza, RN/CE (Brazil). Gerencia de Exploracao e Producao

1995-12-31

This paper presents development, status and future of natural gas industry in northeastern Brazil (States of Rio Grande do Norte and Ceara), highlighting the gradual increase in product offering and showing main difficulties in achieving a larger market share. PETROBRAS (Brazilian National Oil Company) contribution for economical development of these is also pointed up. (author). 10 refs., 8 figs

Pesquisa como instrumento da prática

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maura Maria Guimarães de Almeida

1995-06-01

Full Text Available O trabalho aborda a utilização da pesquisa como instrumento da prática profissional da enfermaria na área de assistência, administração e ensino. Situa a ciência como processo. Ressalta a responsabilidade da enfermeira na produção da conhecimento científico. Destaca os fatores que dificultam e facilitam a pesquisa, além dos aspectos éticos envolvidos.

Ensayos argumentativos en inglés como lengua extranjera y su escritura como una práctica social situada: revisión de conceptos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pedro Antonio Chala

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo presenta una discusión sobre las tendencias teóricas que ven la escritura de ensayos argumentativos en inglés lengua extranjera como práctica social situada. Los conceptos que se exploran en este documento constituyen la base de una propuesta de investigación que aborda la escritura argumentativa desde una perspectiva innovadora, social, situada, y basada en la enseñanza de géneros que se puede ver como una alternativa para fomentar la escritura de ensayos en inglés lengua extranjera como una práctica social situada que trascienda los límites del salón de clase. La discusión de los conceptos se visualiza primero desde la teoría de aprendizaje de una segunda lengua y los dominios de la lingüística aplicada que fundamentan la propuesta. Luego se presentan, se exploran y se explican los conceptos centrales; éstos incluyen, primero, la escritura como práctica social situada, segundo, la escritura de ensayos argumentativos como un proceso dinámico de creación, y tercero, el género como acción social situada. Finalmente, el artículo presenta una reflexión sobre cómo estos conceptos se pueden entender e interrelacionar para que la escritura de ensayos argumentativos sea abordada como una práctica de alfabetización que contribuya a la formación de estudiantes de inglés lengua extranjera como escritores reflexivos, críticos y sociales.

Indirect taxes on food in Southern Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Denize Mirian da Silva

2013-12-01

Full Text Available The objective of this paper is to estimate the indirect tax burden on food for ten income classes, based on income and household total expenditure in southern Brazil. Thus it can be seen as indirect taxes on foods affect the monetary income and consumption pattern of households. To reach the objectives proposed, will be used the Pintos-Payeras (2008 model. The database iscomposed by microdata from the Household Budgeting Survey (POF 2008-2009 and the tax regulations of the country and the southern states of Brazil. The results show that indirect taxes on food in Southern Brazil is regressive when based on income and expenditure of household , ie , the poorest people pay proportionately more taxes and have their consumption pattern highest taxed ICMS (Brazilian value added tax is the tax that contributes most to the regressivity.

Advanced ceramics in Brazil: actual stage and perspectives

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zanotto, E.D.

1986-11-01

The development of advanced ceramics in Brazil, the perspectives of the world and Brazilian markets, the raw materials, the equipments for industry and research, the human resources, and the disposable technology, are presented. The researches on advanced ceramics in Brazil initiated in the sixty decade, with the nuclear fuel development and production projets. (M.C.K.) [pt

Invisible Migrants : Norwegians in Brazil, 1820-1940

OpenAIRE

Figueiredo, Clarisse Carvalho

2012-01-01

The present study focuses on Norwegian migration to Brazil from a macro-level perspective: how many migrated, when, where, how and why. The present analysis is based on data from emigration and immigration records, passenger lists, as well as other “alternative” sources such as travelogues, personal and historical accounts and letters, collected both in Norway and Brazil. Official emigration and immigration statistics on this group are often incomplete, unreliable or simply inexistent, in par...

Gestão compartilhada ecomunitária da pesca no Brasil: avanços e desafios Shared and community management of fisheries in Brazil: progress and challenges

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daniela Coswig Kalikoski

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Neste trabalho buscamos revisar as oportunidades e os desafios na implementação de sistemas de co-gerenciamento da pesca no Brasil. A metodologia de estudo foi baseada na análise e revisão de 116 referências bibliográficas a respeito desse tipo de experiências. O trabalho mostra fatores que têm sido chaves na criação e na manutenção de arranjos de gestão compartilhada bem como aqueles que representam os maiores desafios encontrados para o avanço na gestão compartilhada da pesca no Brasil.This work focuses on the opportunities and challenges in the implementation of fisheries co-management arrangements in Brazil. The methodology of this study was based on the analysis and revision of 116 bibliographical references regarding this type of arrangements. The paper shows the key factors that have been influencing the creation and maintenance of fisheries co-management as well as the ones that represent the biggest challenges to the advancement of fisheries co-management in Brazil.

Free radical scavenging activity of ethanolic extracts from herbs and spices commercialized in Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lilian Regina Barros Mariutti

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Ethanolic extracts from 23 different dried herbs and spices commercialized in Brazil were investigated for their free radical scavenging properties using the stable free radicals 2,2'-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH• and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS•+, and Trolox as reference (TEAC for both radicals. The kinetic curves for both radicals showed to follow the first order kinetics model and the decay rate constant (k obs was calculated. For all the samples, the two methods showed a good linear TEAC correlation, indicating that the average reactivity of the compounds present in the ethanolic extracts was similar. Sage and rosemary extracts showed the highest free radical scavenging capacities, while onion showed negligible activity and colorifico, one of the most consumed spices in Brazil, showed low ABTS•+ scavenging activity. Three distinct situations were found for the extracts concerning the DPPH• scavenging capacities: (1 extracts, like rosemary and laurel, that presented the same efficient concentrations (EC50 but differed in the TEAC values and velocities of action (k obs, (2 extracts, such as garlic and basil, that showed similar EC50 and TEAC values, but different k obs values and (3 extracts that reacted at the same velocities but completely differed in the free radical scavenging capacities, like black pepper, savory, nutmeg, rosemary and sage. Similar considerations could be done for the ABTS•+ results. For the first time the ABTS•+ scavenging activity for allspice, basil, cardamom, chives, colorifico, cumin, dill, laurel, marjoram, parsley and tarragon was reported.Extratos etanólicos de 23 ervas e condimentos desidratados comercializados no Brasil foram analisados quanto as suas propriedades antioxidantes utilizando os radicais 2,2'-difenil-β-picrilhidrazil (DPPH• e ácido 2,2'-azino-bis(3-etilbenzotiazolina-6-sulfônico (ABTS•+, Trolox foi usado como referência para ambos radicais

La Seguridad ciudadana como función del Estado

OpenAIRE

Ridaura Martínez, María Josefa

2014-01-01

Este trabajo se centra en uno de los temas medulares de la organización del Estado como es la garantía de la seguridad, y tiene como objeto reivindicar, al calor la reciente sacudida legislativa en materia, la función de la Seguridad ciudadana como una función pública a desarrollar por las Fuerzas y Cuerpos de Seguridad; en tanto que exigencia constitucional, presupuesto de la salvaguarda de los derechos fundamentales y de las libertades públicas.

The Brazil agreement - quo vadis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hossner, R.

1981-01-01

After an analysis of the power requirements of Brazil as well as of the options for covering these requirements an important nuclear power program for peaceful uses was decided. It is performed on the basis of a bilateral agreement between Brazil and the Federal Republic of Germany of 1975 by co-operation between the German and the Brazilian industry. German firms make their know-how available as well as experts for a limited period of time, in order to establish during about 20 years an independent Brazilian infrastructure for nuclear power plants and their requirements, and to realize the transfer of technology which at the same time shall transmit impulses to the industrial development of the country. (orig.) [de

Miracle drug: Brazil approves never-tested cancer medicine.

Science.gov (United States)

Kuchenbecker, Ricardo S; Mota, Daniel M

2017-07-01

Background Brazil recently approved synthetic phosphoetanolamine, a popularly dubbed 'cancer pill', a substance that has been shown to kill cancer cells in lab animal models but was not yet formally accessed in humans, and thus despite the existence of any evidence of its efficacy and safety. Methods The authors describe the recent decision of Brazil to aprove phosphoetanolamine in the context of growing 'judicialization' to promote access to medicines and thus reinforcing a growing sense of legal uncertainty. Results The approval of phosphoetanolamine despite the existence of any evidence of its efficacy and safety represents to the authors one of the saddest and surrealistic episodes in Brazil's recent public health history. Brazil's current economic crisis is fueling the 'judicialization' to promote access to medicines and thus reinforcing a growing sense of legal uncertainty in the context of rising economic constrains and a progressive failing state. The authors state that the Phosphoetanolamine's approval bill violates current legal prohibition of commercialisation of drugs without the Brazilian national drug regulatory agency's approval and thus may represent a potential menace to Brazil's pharmacogovernance and the country's governance to health technology assessment at the Brazilian national health systems. Conclusion Phosphoetanolamine's approval illustrates that the combination of flawed decision making, economic crisis and political interference may threaten weak governance mechanisms for drug regulation and health technology assessment and thus representing an extra burden in the sustainability of universal access-based national health systems.

Oil refining expansion criteria for Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tavares, M.E.E.; Szklo, A.S.; Machado, G.V.; Schaeffer, R.; Mariano, J.B.; Sala, J.F.

2006-01-01

This paper assesses different strategies for the expansion of Brazil's oil refining segment, using criteria that range from energy security (reducing imports and vulnerability for key products) through to maximizing the profitability of this sector (boosting the output of higher value oil products) and adding value to Brazil's oil production (reducing exports of heavy acid oil). The development prospects are analyzed for conventional fuel production technology routes, sketching out three possible refining schemes for Brazilian oil and a GTL plant for producing gasoil from natural gas. Market scenario simulations indicate that investments will be required in Brazil's oil refining segment over and above those allocated to planned modifications in its current facilities, reducing the nation's vulnerability in terms of gasoil and petrochemical naphtha imports. Although not economically attractive, oil refining is a key activity that is crucial to oil company strategies. The decision to invest in this segment depends on local infrastructure conditions, environmental constraints and fuel specifications, in addition to oil company strategies, steady growth in demand and the definition of a government policy that eases institutional risks. (author)

Oil refining expansion criteria for Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tavares, Marina Elisabete Espinho; Szklo, Alexandre Salem; Machado, Giovani Vitoria; Schaeffer, Roberto; Mariano, Jacqueline Barboza; Sala, Janaina Francisco

2006-01-01

This paper assesses different strategies for the expansion of Brazil's oil refining segment, using criteria that range from energy security (reducing imports and vulnerability for key products) through to maximizing the profitability of this sector (boosting the output of higher value oil products) and adding value to Brazil's oil production (reducing exports of heavy acid oil). The development prospects are analyzed for conventional fuel production technology routes, sketching out three possible refining schemes for Brazilian oil and a GTL plant for producing gasoil from natural gas. Market scenario simulations indicate that investments will be required in Brazil's oil refining segment over and above those allocated to planned modifications in its current facilities, reducing the nation's vulnerability in terms of gasoil and petrochemical naphtha imports. Although not economically attractive, oil refining is a key activity that is crucial to oil company strategies. The decision to invest in this segment depends on local infrastructure conditions, environmental constraints and fuel specifications, in addition to oil company strategies, steady growth in demand and the definition of a government policy that eases institutional risks

Prevalence of self-medication in Brazil and associated factors.

Science.gov (United States)

Arrais, Paulo Sérgio Dourado; Fernandes, Maria Eneida Porto; Pizzol, Tatiane da Silva Dal; Ramos, Luiz Roberto; Mengue, Sotero Serrate; Luiza, Vera Lucia; Tavares, Noemia Urruth Leão; Farias, Mareni Rocha; Oliveira, Maria Auxiliadora; Bertoldi, Andréa Dâmaso

2016-12-01

To analyze the prevalence and associated factors regarding the use of medicines by self-medication in Brazil. This cross-sectional population-based study was conducted using data from the PNAUM (National Survey on Access, Use and Promotion of Rational Use of Medicines), collected between September 2013 and February 2014 by interviews at the homes of the respondents. All people who reported using any medicines not prescribed by a doctor or dentist were classified as self-medication practitioners. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (Poisson regression) and their respective 95% confidence intervals were calculated in order to investigate the factors associated with the use of self-medication by medicines. The independent variables were: sociodemographic characteristics, health conditions and access to and use of health services. In addition, the most commonly consumed medicines by self-medication were individually identified. The self-medication prevalence in Brazil was 16.1% (95%CI 15.0-17.5), with it being highest in the Northeast region (23.8%; 95%CI 21.6-26.2). Following the adjusted analysis, self-medication was observed to be associated with females, inhabitants from the North, Northeast and Midwest regions and individuals that have had one, or two or more chronic diseases. Analgesics and muscle relaxants were the therapeutic groups most used for self-medication, with dipyrone being the most consumed medicines. In general, most of the medicines used for self-medication were classified as non-prescriptive (65.5%). Self-medication is common practice in Brazil and mainly involves the use of non-prescription medicines; therefore, the users of such should be made aware of the possible risks. Analisar a prevalência e os fatores associados à utilização de medicamentos por automedicação no Brasil. Este estudo transversal de base populacional foi realizado com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Acesso, Utilização e Promoção do Uso Racional de medicamentos (PNAUM

[Public policies for the elderly in Brazil: an integrative review].

Science.gov (United States)

Andrade, Luana Machado; Sena, Edite Lago da Silva; Pinheiro, Gleide Magali Lemos; Meira, Edmeia Campos; Lira, Lais Santana Santos Pereira

2013-12-01

This paper is an integrative review analyzing the scientific production and legal documents regarding public policies for the elderly in Brazil. Research was conducted in the Virtual Health Library and Scopus databases, examining publications since 2003. Data were collected from June to September of 2011 using the following key words: "elderly" (idosos), "public policies" (políticas públicas), "elderly person" (pessoa idosa), "aging" (envelhecimento) and "civic participation" (participação cidadã). The search resulted in the selection of 15 articles and six legal documents targeted at the elderly in Brazil that were submitted to content analysis by categorization. The results revealed that aging in Brazil has occurred in the midst of adaptations entrenched in cultural biases, social, economic and educational discrepancies and the implementation of public welfare policies. There were few studies that indicated the importance of strengthening social movements that elicit discussion related to the elderly in Brazil. The conclusion reached is that the study will provide material for reflection about the construction of a new reality about aging in Brazil.

Obstacles to the nuclear technology development in Brazil: from the beginning of atomic age to the Brazil-Germany Nuclear Agreement

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Medeiros, Tharsila Reis de

2005-01-01

This paper intends to comprehend the Brazilian social actors' efforts applied to the nuclear energy control, from the beginning of Atomic Age to Brazil-Germany Nuclear Agreement. It tries to demonstrate that the limits of The Brazilian nuclear development in this period derive from the capitalist development dynamics in Brazil and from the absence of continuity on the motivations of its nuclear policy. (author)

LA UTOPÍA FEMINISTA COMO TRANSGRESIÓN

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Luisa Femenias

2013-04-01

Full Text Available Resumen Tal como sucede –según lo enunció Kate Millet hace más de cincuenta años- respecto de las vanguardias literarias de comienzos del siglo XX, las estudiosas actuales de la literatura utópica reconocen que el esquema tradicional seguido por los escritores varones es “utópico” en todos sus aspectos, menos en la deconstrucción de los roles de sexo-género. Sobre este marco general, revisaré la noción de “utopía feminista” como transgresión al modelo canónico y, a su vez, desafío al orden social considerado “natural”. Para ello, examinaré algunos problemas vinculados a la caracterización de la literatura utópica como tal, y el frecuente abandono de sus fundamentos filosóficos.

Religião e fecundidade entre adolescentes no Brasil Religion and fertility among adolescents in Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Paula de Andrade Verona

2012-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi examinar a associação entre a idade ao ter o primeiro filho durante a adolescência e antes do casamento e o envolvimento religioso no Brasil, medido através da afiliação religiosa e frequência aos cultos ou missas. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados dados transversais e obtidos na Pesquisa Nacional de Demografia e Saúde de 1996 e da Pesquisa Nacional de Demografia e Saúde de Mulheres e Crianças de 2006. Foram empregados modelos de riscos proporcionais de Cox para estimar a associação entre religião e idade ao ter o primeiro filho pré-marital e durante a adolescência. RESULTADOS: Os resultados indicam uma forte associação entre fecundidade pré-marital na adolescência e envolvimento religioso, tanto em 1996 como em 2006. Em 1996, a frequência aos cultos ou missas foi mais importante na explicação da idade ao primeiro filho do que a afiliação religiosa. Em 2006, o pertencimento a uma igreja pentecostal passa a ser predominante. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados apresentados neste trabalho são instigantes, na medida em que evidenciam que adolescentes protestantes, particularmente pentecostais, apresentam um risco reduzido de serem mães adolescentes e antes do casamento. Este resultado não era esperado, já que o pentecostalismo predomina nos grupos populacionais menos favorecidos, com menor renda, educação e residentes nas áreas urbanas, onde também se concentra a fecundidade de adolescentes no Brasil. Futuros estudos devem ser conduzidos a fim de compreender como os distintos mecanismos da influência religiosa atuam na vida e comportamento de adolescentes no Brasil.OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine the association between the age of having one's first child in adolescence and before marriage and religious involvement in Brazil, measured by religious affiliation and frequency of attendance at religious services or masses. The objective of this study was to examine the

Main meal quality in Brazil and United Kingdom: Similarities and differences.

Science.gov (United States)

Gorgulho, Bartira Mendes; Pot, Gerda Karolien; Sarti, Flavia Mori; Marchioni, Dirce Maria

2017-04-01

Consumption of fast food and ready-to-eat meals has been positively associated with obesity. In the UK, ready-made meals are more often consumed than in Brazil, a country in which nutrition transition is relatively low. This study aimed to compare the nutritional quality of the main meal consumed by adults in Brazil and UK. Food record data was obtained from representative samples from UK and Brazil databases. The Main Meal Quality Index (MMQI) was applied to estimate the quality of the main meal consumed in Brazil and UK. Differences in food groups consumed in the main meal in Brazil and UK were observed using classification decision tree. Meals with higher average energy content were lunch for Brazil, and dinner for the UK. On average, the Brazilian main meal had better nutritional quality (4.42 times higher), independently of sex, age, family income, nutritional status and energy consumed, with higher scores of fiber, carbohydrate, total fat, saturated fat and energy density. However, UK's main meal included more fruits and vegetables. Food preparations combined with rice and beans were classified as Brazilian main meal, while combinations with fast food items, as fried potatoes, sandwiches and sugary beverages, were classified as UK main meals. In Brazil, the main meal quality was lower among women and obese individuals, presenting significant positive association with age, and negative association with energy intake and family income; while in UK, only age was positively associated with MMQI. Although main meals in Brazil had higher nutritional quality compared to the UK, main meals consumed in both countries need nutritional improvement. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

La naturaleza como contraseña del comportamiento moral en Lucrecio

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ramón Román Alcalá

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Voy a intentar probar que en Lucrecio la naturaleza actúa como elemento clave para todo su sistema. Con una lógica coherente el poeta demuestra que la naturaleza como principio de realidad está sustentando, primero la creación del cosmos como principio material, segundo, el desarrollo de la raza humana, como principio antropológico y, por último, la acción y la conducta humana como principio moral. La naturaleza es, así, una marca para la comprensión del cosmos, una clave para el conocimiento de la humanidad y una contraseña que activa el comportamiento moral.

Agriculture, Rio Sao Francisco, Brazil, South America

Science.gov (United States)

1988-01-01

The large field patterns in this view of the Rio Sao Francisco basin, Brazil, South America, (11.5S, 43.5W) indicate a commercial agriculture venture; family subsistence farms are much smaller and laid out in different patterns. Land clearing in Brazil has increased at an alarming rate in recent years and preliminary estimates suggest a 25 to 30% increase in deforestation since 1984. The long term impact on the ecological processes are still unknown.

Ouabaina como Hormona

OpenAIRE

J. Hernando Ordoñez

1996-01-01

Comentario sobre su origen endógeno y sus aplicaciones terapéuticas

Pocas drogas han sido más estudiadas que el grupo de los digitálicos, estrofantinas y ouabaina, cuyo estudio es objeto del presente trabajo.

La ouabaina empezó a ser estudiada desde el siglo pasado. La primera referencia conocida corresponde a Pelikan, 1865 (1), como veneno que empleaban para las flechas en Gabón (Africa). (.)

Los patrones de asentamiento como recurso patrimonial

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antonio Lista Martín

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Los patrones de asentamiento son las pautas con las que distribuyen los diferentes elementos construidos, como casas, caminos, campos, espacios públicos o fábricas, y son una expresión cultural de la sociedad que los construye. Tanto el tipo de elementos, su número como su distribución, dependen del nivel tecnológico, de la estructura social y de su bagaje cultural. Se puede decir, por tanto, que en los patrones estaría reflejado el conocimiento que la sociedad tenia del medio, así como sus anhelos, prioridades e, incluso, sus malas prácticas. La presente comunicación propone que estos patrones puedan servir de base para el planeamiento territorial actual, no sólo preservando aquello que realmente tenga valor, sino incluso recreándolos o reproduciéndolos a otras escalas siempre que puedan aportar un valor añadido al territorio. El escrito plantea una pregunta: ¿Qué se debe mantener de los patrones tradicionales y qué se puede, o incluso se debe, cambiar?, y para responderla en la primera parte se analizan someramente algunos asentamientos-tipo y en la segunda se indican pautas de actuación que han aparecido como propuestas en planes de ordenación territorial en los últimos años.

Danzas como tradición y como disputa: la ilusión comunitaria china en el Soconusco chiapaneco

OpenAIRE

Lisbona Guillén, Miguel

2015-01-01

Referir la impronta dejada por los inmigrantes chinos que llegaron a Chiapas a finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX parece algo manido para quien conoce el estado y, muy especialmente, su región costera: el Soconusco. Sin embargo, lo obvio, por perceptible, como puede ser la existencia de una tradición gastronómica conocida como comida china, y convertida en marca de identidad en la región, no significa que la construcción de "lo chino" o de una "comunidad china" por parte de los hijos o...

Nuclear proliferation. I. Atoms for Brazil, dangers for all

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gall, N.

1976-01-01

West Germany and Brazil, by seeking to establish their independence in the transfer of nuclear technology to a developing country, have raised international anxieties over how to finance and manage nuclear trade in a way that will secure peace. The deal, which commits the two countries to a program of uranium exploration and mining, enrichment, fuel fabrication and reprocessing, and power plant construction, means food supplies, jobs, and contracts for Germany and economic development for Brazil. Of concern to the rest of the world are the opportunities for diverting nuclear materials to weapons. Both countries have agreed to comply with the International Atomic Energy Agency's safeguards agreement, but Brazil is not bound by it. Brazil's development is making her the dominant power in South America and altering her relationship with the United States. A review of the West German-Brazilian agreement focuses on the historical competition for export markets and the lessening of U.S. control over the enriched uranium market

Privatization of Brazil's petroleum sector on track despite scandal

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1992-01-01

This paper reports that the push to privatize Brazil's petroleum sector remains on track despite the taint of scandal that hit state oil company Petroleos Brasileiro SA and the ensuing political crisis for the administration of President Fernando Collor de Mello. Collor's efforts to reform Brazil's beleaguered economy have focused heavily on privatizing state-owned companies by selling assets or ending monopolies. Nowhere is that task more daunting than with Petrobras, one of the world's biggest petroleum companies, which has an entrenched monopoly over most upstream and downstream operations in the country. Collor and the energy ministers and chiefs of Petrobras during his administration have pressed measured to inject free market principles in Brazil's petroleum sector. The Collor administration earlier this year sent a bill to Brazil's Congress calling for a constitutional amendment to end Petrobras monopoly over exploration, production, transportation, refining, and exports and imports of oil and gas. The amendment is expected to be voted upon in 1993

Epidemias em escala mundial e no Brasil Epidemics on a global scale and in Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José da Rocha Carvalheiro

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Epidemias devem ser consideradas não como um tipo especial de doença, mas sim como parte de um complexo processo de distribuição de patologias no tempo e no espaço. Diversas classificações de doenças existem, sendo oficial a CID atualmente em sua décima versão. As cartas de controle, empregadas pelo serviço de saúde, permitem uma aproximação à fase, endêmica ou epidêmica, em que se encontram especialmente doenças sujeitas a vigilância em todo o mundo, as quarentenáveis. O conceito de surto deve ser encarado como um indício de concentração de episódios que merece estudo mais profundo. As mais importantes doenças transmissíveis no mundo em desenvolvimento são chamadas negligenciadas e merecem atenção especial das agências de fomento de pesquisa por não serem tidas como prioritárias pela indústria farmacêutica. No Brasil, a Agenda de Prioridades de Pesquisa em Saúde inclui diversas doenças dessa natureza e tem sido contempladas em editais do CNPq e do Ministério da Saúde.Epidemics must not be seen as a special kind of disease but as part of a complex process of distribution of pathologies over time and space. Among the different existing disease classifications, the ICD, currently in its 10th edition, is the official one. The control charts being employed by the health system allow estimating the stage of development, endemic or epidemic, of diseases, especially those subject to worldwide control, the quarantinable diseases. The concept outbreak should be understood as a signal for the concentration of episodes worth being studied in depth. The most important communicable diseases in the developing world, the so-called neglected diseases, deserve special attention from the research funding agencies for not ranging among the priorities of the pharmaceutical industry. In Brazil, the agenda of priorities in health research includes various diseases of this nature, which have been contemplated in calls for projects

THE COOPERATIVE CREDIT MUTUAL IN BRAZIL.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Laércio Baptista da Silva

2013-06-01

Full Text Available This study presents an analysis of the reality of credit unions in Brazil, in view of the singular importance of credit unions for the whole society as an alternative to private resources in favor of members of the community where they are located. It confirms that, in Brazil, the mutual credit unions, besides being presented as one of the viable options within the financial system, are also seen as an alternative by which some sectors of society promote the humanization of the financial system by offering credit and return on capital with fairer interest rates.

Doença de Chagas no Brasil Chagas disease in Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Márcio C. Vinhaes

2000-01-01

Full Text Available Sumariam-se os dados da Fundação Nacional de Saúde (FNS sobre o estado atual dos vetores da doença de Chagas no Brasil, verificando-se que após vinte anos de controle químico continuado houve franca redução dos índices triatomínico-tripanosômicos, particularmente para esp��cies como Triatoma infestans e Panstrongylus megistus. Em paralelo, dados de sorologia escolar, de internações e de mortalidade pela doença indicam descenso nas taxas de incidência e impacto médico social da protozoose, restando áreas mais preocupantes, como o Nordeste e resíduos de T. infestans. Impõe-se urgente uma vigilância epidemiológica efetiva, a ser realizada por estados e municípios ante o processo de descentralização da FNS.This article presents the current situation for Chagas disease vectors in Brazil, based on data from the Brazilian National Health Foundation (FNS. Over the course of the last 20 years, continuous chemical control has resulted in a clear reduction of triatomine densities and Trypanosoma cruzi in Brazilian dwellings. Results have been particularly promising in relation to Triatoma infestans and Panstrongylus megistus, considered the most important species in the past. In parallel, data from school serological surveys, hospitalized patients, and mortality records show an important decrease in the disease. Nevertheless, some areas of the Brazilian Northeast and some residual foci of Triatoma infestans and Panstrongylus megistus remain as major challenges for public health authorities, requiring effective epidemiological surveillance. States and municipalities are required to assume this task at present, as the traditional Brazilian National Health Foundation is undergoing decentralization.

IHY activities in Brazil

Science.gov (United States)

Dal Lago, Alisson

The International Heliophysical Year is a program of international scientific colaboration planned to be held in the period from 2007-2009. Many brazilian institutions have shown interest in participating in the IHY activities. All of them provided information about their instrumental facilities and contact person. A list of institutions and their information is shown in the Latin-American IHY webpage (http://www.alage.org/IHYLA/ihyla.html), hosted by the Latin American Association on Space Geophysics - ALAGE. IHY Brazilian activities are being conducted in close colaboration with Latin-American Institutions. Five Coordinated Investigation programs (CIPs) have been proposed by scientists from brazilian institutions. Recentely, in February 2008, there has been the Latin American IHY School in Sao Paulo (Brazil), with the participation of 80 students from Brazil, Argentina, Peru, Mexico and Cuba. In this work, a report on the brazilian activities will be presented.

Brazil's Difficult Road to Greatness

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Wolfe, David C

2008-01-01

Brazil is an emerging country that has made important strides in consolidating its democracy, constructing a diversified and financially sound economy, and enhancing its diplomatic participation on the world stage...

Molecular basis of mammalian cell invasion by Trypanosoma cruzi

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nobuko Yoshida

2006-03-01

ínas de superfície como a gp82 e gp35/50, que são moléculas indutoras de sinal de Ca2+. Em isolados de T. cruzi que entram na célula hospedeira de maneira dependente de gp82, a proteína tirosina quinase assim como a fosfolipase C do parasita são ativadas, e Ca2+ é liberado de reservatórios sensíveis a IP3, enquanto em isolados de T. cruzi que se ligam às células alvo através de gp35/50, a via de sinalização envolvendo adenilil ciclase parece ser estimulada, com liberação de Ca2+ de acidocalciossomos. Além disso, dependendo do isolado de T. cruzi, sinais inibitórios mediados por gp90 específica de TM podem ser desencadeados tanto na célula hospedeira como no parasita. O repertório de moléculas de TCT implicadas na invasão celular inclui glicoproteínas de superfície da família gp85, com membros contendo sitos de ligação à laminina e citoqueratina 18, enzimas como a cruzipaína, trans-sialidase, e uma oligopeptidase B que gera um agonista de Ca2+ a partir de uma molécula precursora.

The first clinical liver transplantation of Brazil revisited.

Science.gov (United States)

Bacchella, T; Machado, M C C

2004-05-01

The first clinical orthotopic liver transplantation in Brazil was performed on August 5, 1968. The patient was awake after surgery and died on the seventh postoperative day due to subdural hematoma, bronchopneumonia, renal failure, and graft rejection. The report of this case is important to understand the evolution of clinical liver transplantation in Brazil, where this procedure is now routinely carried out in many medical centers.

Evolução do ensino da contabilidade no Brasil: uma análise histórica Evolution of the accounting education in Brazil: a historical analysis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ivam Ricardo Peleias

2007-06-01

Full Text Available A pesquisa histórica permite identificar, resgatar e analisar marcos relevantes da evolução da sociedade, no mundo e no Brasil. Um marco importante é o impacto das ocorrências econômicas, políticas e sociais no ensino, pois tais mudanças demandam profissionais mais bem preparados. Em função do exposto, este trabalho apresenta o resultado de pesquisa realizada nas áreas de Contabilidade e Economia, sobre a evolução do ensino de Contabilidade no Brasil, e o impacto que alguns eventos econômicos, políticos e sociais tiveram nessa evolução. A pesquisa é histórica, documental, bibliográfica e descritiva. Foi analisada a legislação nacional sobre o ensino comercial e contábil promulgada no Brasil, do século XIX até os dias atuais. Foram identificadas ocorrências relevantes no cenário nacional, a partir da chegada da Família Real, em 1808, e os efeitos que esse fato e outros que se sucederam tiveram sobre a regulamentação do ensino da Contabilidade no Brasil. Os resultados obtidos permitiram identificar como algumas ocorrências econômicas, políticas e sociais afetaram o ensino contábil e a forma como a legislação analisada evoluiu até os dias atuais.The historical research allows to identify, to rescue and to analyze relevant landmarks of the evolution of the society, in the world and Brazil. An important landmark is the impact of the economic, social and politic occurrences on education, therefore such changes demand most prepared professionals. In function of the displayed one, this work presents the result of research carried through in the areas of Accounting and Economy, on the evolution of the Accounting Education in Brazil, and the impact that some economic, social and politic events had on this evolution. This is a historical, documentary, bibliographical and descriptive research. It was analyzed the nationwide legislation on commercial and Accounting Education in Brazil, from the nineteenth century until

All projects related to Brazil | Page 2 | IDRC - International ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Despite the region's progress in reducing poverty, 165 million people in Latin ... This project aims to study the impacts of reforms to increase participation rights in five Latin American countries at the local level. ... Region: Brazil, Chile, Colombia, India ... Brazil has witnessed an unprecedented rise of women to economic and ...

Los rincones como contextos significativos de aprendizaje

OpenAIRE

Sánchez Molero, María Luisa

2016-01-01

En el presente trabajo se pretende hacer un estudio sobre los rincones de trabajo en el aula de Educación Infantil, describiéndolos como modelo de organización del espacio y como estrategia metodológica que aboga por un aprendizaje socioconstructivista. El estudio se completa con la descripción y el análisis de los rincones de un aula específica de un centro escolar, incorporando diversas propuestas de mejora fundamentadas en el previo estudio teórico

Inglês como língua franca: desenvolvimentos recentes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Telma Gimenez

Full Text Available Em face da atual posição do inglês como uma língua franca global, este artigo tem como principal objetivo discutir os desenvolvimentos recentes dessa área, tomando como base os trabalhos apresentados durante a 7th International Conference on English as a Lingua Franca, realizada em Atenas, Grécia, em setembro de 2014. As reflexões, aprofundadas nos tópicos i Teorizações sobre ILF; ii ILF e formação de professores; iii Desenvolvimentos futuros, trazem um olhar analítico sobre os temas discutidos no evento. Espera-se que as informações e reflexões aqui contempladas possam contribuir para o desenvolvimento de uma "curiosidade acadêmica" a respeito do paradigma ILF (inglês como língua franca e para o engajamento com suas questões e implicações.

The privatization of medical education in Brazil: trends and challenges.

Science.gov (United States)

Scheffer, Mário C; Dal Poz, Mario R

2015-12-17

Like other countries, Brazil is struggling with issues related to public policies designed to influence the distribution, establishment, supply and education of doctors. While the number of undergraduate medical schools and places available on medical schools has risen, the increase in the number of doctors in Brazil in recent decades has not benefitted the population homogeneously. The government has expanded the medical schools at the country's federal universities, while providing incentives for the creation of new undergraduate courses at private establishments. This article examines the trends and challenges of the privatization of medical education in Brazil. This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study based on secondary data from official government databases on medical schools and courses and institutions offering such courses in Brazil. It takes into account the year when the medical schools received authorization to initiatte the activities, where they are situated, whether they are run by a public or private entity, how many places they offer, how many students they have enrolled, and their performance according to Ministry of Education evaluations. Brazil had 241 medical schools in 2014, offering a total of 20,340 places. The private higher education institutions are responsible for most of the enrolment of medical students nationally (54 %), especially in the southeast. However, enrolment in public institutions predominate more in the capitals than in other cities. Overal, the public medical schools performed better than the private schools in the last two National Exam of Students' (ENADE). The privatization of the teaching of medicine at undergraduate level in Brazil represents a great challenge: how to expand the number of places while assuring quality and democratic access to this form of education. Upon seeking to understand the configuration and trends in medical education in Brazil, it is hoped that this analysis may contribute to a broader

Origin and evolution of dengue virus type 3 in Brazil.

Science.gov (United States)

de Araújo, Josélio Maria Galvão; Bello, Gonzalo; Romero, Hector; Nogueira, Rita Maria Ribeiro

2012-01-01

The incidence of dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever in Brazil experienced a significant increase since the emergence of dengue virus type-3 (DENV-3) at the early 2000s. Despite the major public health concerns, there have been very few studies of the molecular epidemiology and time-scale of this DENV lineage in Brazil. In this study, we investigated the origin and dispersion dynamics of DENV-3 genotype III in Brazil by examining a large number (n=107) of E gene sequences sampled between 2001 and 2009 from diverse Brazilian regions. These Brazilian sequences were combined with 457 DENV-3 genotype III E gene sequences from 29 countries around the world. Our phylogenetic analysis reveals that there have been at least four introductions of the DENV-3 genotype III in Brazil, as signified by the presence of four phylogenetically distinct lineages. Three lineages (BR-I, BR-II, and BR-III) were probably imported from the Lesser Antilles (Caribbean), while the fourth one (BR-IV) was probably introduced from Colombia or Venezuela. While lineages BR-I and BR-II succeeded in getting established and disseminated in Brazil and other countries from the Southern Cone, lineages BR-III and BR-IV were only detected in one single individual each from the North region. The phylogeographic analysis indicates that DENV-3 lineages BR-I and BR-II were most likely introduced into Brazil through the Southeast and North regions around 1999 (95% HPD: 1998-2000) and 2001 (95% HPD: 2000-2002), respectively. These findings show that importation of DENV-3 lineages from the Caribbean islands into Brazil seems to be relatively frequent. Our study further suggests that the North and Southeast Brazilian regions were the most important hubs of introduction and spread of DENV-3 lineages and deserve an intense epidemiological surveillance.

Origin and evolution of dengue virus type 3 in Brazil.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Josélio Maria Galvão de Araújo

Full Text Available The incidence of dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever in Brazil experienced a significant increase since the emergence of dengue virus type-3 (DENV-3 at the early 2000s. Despite the major public health concerns, there have been very few studies of the molecular epidemiology and time-scale of this DENV lineage in Brazil. In this study, we investigated the origin and dispersion dynamics of DENV-3 genotype III in Brazil by examining a large number (n=107 of E gene sequences sampled between 2001 and 2009 from diverse Brazilian regions. These Brazilian sequences were combined with 457 DENV-3 genotype III E gene sequences from 29 countries around the world. Our phylogenetic analysis reveals that there have been at least four introductions of the DENV-3 genotype III in Brazil, as signified by the presence of four phylogenetically distinct lineages. Three lineages (BR-I, BR-II, and BR-III were probably imported from the Lesser Antilles (Caribbean, while the fourth one (BR-IV was probably introduced from Colombia or Venezuela. While lineages BR-I and BR-II succeeded in getting established and disseminated in Brazil and other countries from the Southern Cone, lineages BR-III and BR-IV were only detected in one single individual each from the North region. The phylogeographic analysis indicates that DENV-3 lineages BR-I and BR-II were most likely introduced into Brazil through the Southeast and North regions around 1999 (95% HPD: 1998-2000 and 2001 (95% HPD: 2000-2002, respectively. These findings show that importation of DENV-3 lineages from the Caribbean islands into Brazil seems to be relatively frequent. Our study further suggests that the North and Southeast Brazilian regions were the most important hubs of introduction and spread of DENV-3 lineages and deserve an intense epidemiological surveillance.

Studies on forensic nursing in Brazil: a systematic review of the literature.

Science.gov (United States)

Pereira de Paiva, M H; Pinheiro Lages, L; Cavalcanti de Medeiros, Z

2017-06-01

To identify and synthesize the national and international literature on forensic nursing in Brazil. Forensic nursing is a new specialty to the nursing practice in Brazil, being recognized by the Federal Nursing Council of Brazil in 2011. In 2016, the first forensic nursing specialization programme was authorized in the country. The implementation of forensic nursing specialty in Brazil marks new possibilities for the nursing practice, making it possible for nurses to develop additional skills to intervene in various situations under the Brazilian Unified Healthcare System. A systematic search of the literature was conducted using the keyword 'Forensic nursing' in combination with 'Brazil'. LILACS, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched. Studies were also retrieved from the grey literature. Once literature had been identified, a thematic analysis was undertaken in order to extract themes, which were: establishment of the forensic nursing specialty and its contributions to Brazil and its practical implications. Eight manuscripts and 20 studies from the grey literature were included in the final review. Most studies (54%) were literature reviews that indicated forensic nursing as an emerging specialty in Brazil, addressing educational, instructional, communicative or contextual aspects of the specialty in the country. In the nursing profession in Brazil, few studies exist on forensic nursing and those are limited to short communications. Although most studies address the definition of forensic nursing, others present its implications in various situations such as intimate partner violence, domestic violence, sexual abuse and elder mistreatment. Despite the study limitations, it provides evidence that forensic nursing has been silently implemented in the country with the need for more evidence-based studies to support its constitution as a specialty in Brazil. © 2016 International Council of Nurses.

Tuberculosis como enfermedad ocupacional Tuberculosis as occupational disease

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alberto Mendoza-Ticona

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Existe evidencia suficiente para declarar a la tuberculosis como enfermedad ocupacional en diversos profesionales especialmente entre los trabajadores de salud. En el Perú están normados y reglamentados los derechos laborales inherentes a la tuberculosis como enfermedad ocupacional, como la cobertura por discapacidad temporal o permanente. Sin embargo, estos derechos aún no han sido suficientemente socializados. En este trabajo se presenta información sobre el riesgo de adquirir tuberculosis en el lugar de trabajo, se revisan las evidencias para declarar a la tuberculosis como enfermedad ocupacional en trabajadores de salud y se presenta la legislación peruana vigente al respecto.There is enough evidence to declare tuberculosis as an occupational disease among healthcare workers. In Peru, there are regulations granting employment rights regarding tuberculosis as an occupational disease, such as healthcare coverage for temporary or permanent disability. However, these rights have not been sufficiently socialized. This study presents information on the risk of acquiring tuberculosis in the workplace, and a review of the evidence to declare tuberculosis as an occupational disease among health care workers, presenting the current Peruvian law related.

Zika and Reproductive Rights in Brazil: Challenge to the Right to Health.

Science.gov (United States)

Valente, Pablo K

2017-09-01

The Zika virus epidemic rapidly spread across Brazil and Latin America, gaining international attention because of the causal relationship between Zika and birth defects. The high number of cases in Brazil has been attributed to a failure of the state to contain the epidemic and protect the affected people, especially women. Therefore, the public health crisis created by Zika exposed a stark conflict between Brazil's constitutional right to health and the long-standing violation of reproductive rights in the country. Although health is considered to be a right of all in Brazil, women struggle with barriers to reproductive services and lack of access to safe and legal abortions. In response to the epidemic, women's rights advocates have filed a lawsuit with Brazil's supreme court that requires the decriminalization of abortion upon the diagnosis of Zika virus. However, the selective decriminalization of abortion may lead to negative social consequences and further stigmatization of people with disabilities. A solution to the reproductive health crisis in Brazil must reconcile women's right to choose and the rights of people with disabilities.

Development first: Linking energy and emission policies with sustainable development for Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Garg, A.; Halsnaes, K.; La Rovere, E.L.; Pereira, A.O.; Simoes, A.F.; Pereira, A.S.; Schmidt Dubeux, C.B.; Costa, R.C. da

2007-09-01

The most recent set of information on economic and social indicators evinces that the economic stabilization plan, launched in 1994, had positive results in many areas, such as the control of inflation, better income distribution, and the slow but continuous progress of the main structural variables of the Brazilian social conditions. In 2005, Brazil had a population of 180 million, the literacy rate of 88.2%, average life expectancy of 71.3 years, infant mortality at 27.5 children per thousand and per capita income of over R$ 8,000. Brazil is the 10th largest energy consumer in the world and the third largest in the Western Hemisphere, behind the United States and Canada. Over the past decade, Brazil has made great strides in increasing its total energy production, particularly with regard to oil. In the early 1990s, for example, Brazil was a large net oil importer, but by 2006, the domestic production met domestic demand. Brazil intends to increase its biofuels production and exports. The country case studies highlight the centrality of energy to socio-economic development of Brazil. (au)

Development first: Linking energy and emission policies with sustainable development for Brazil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Garg, A.; Halsnaes, K.; La Rovere, E.L.; Pereira, A.O.; Simoes, A.F.; Pereira, A.S.; Schmidt Dubeux, C.B.; Costa, R.C. da

2007-09-15

The most recent set of information on economic and social indicators evinces that the economic stabilization plan, launched in 1994, had positive results in many areas, such as the control of inflation, better income distribution, and the slow but continuous progress of the main structural variables of the Brazilian social conditions. In 2005, Brazil had a population of 180 million, the literacy rate of 88.2%, average life expectancy of 71.3 years, infant mortality at 27.5 children per thousand and per capita income of over R$ 8,000. Brazil is the 10th largest energy consumer in the world and the third largest in the Western Hemisphere, behind the United States and Canada. Over the past decade, Brazil has made great strides in increasing its total energy production, particularly with regard to oil. In the early 1990s, for example, Brazil was a large net oil importer, but by 2006, the domestic production met domestic demand. Brazil intends to increase its biofuels production and exports. The country case studies highlight the centrality of energy to socio-economic development of Brazil. (au)

Considerações sobre o dilema entre cor/raça/mestiçagem e ações afirmativas no Brasil / Consideration on the dilemma between color/race/miscegenation and affirmative action in Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mozart Linhares da Silva

2010-01-01

Full Text Available O artigo problematiza as abordagens racialistas e não-racialistas que marcam o debate sobre ações afirmativas no Brasil tomando a miscigenação como eixo norteador de ambas as posturas político-teóricas. Propõe uma crítica às abordagens que visam a racialização das identidades no país bem como às abordagens dos intelectuais que, em nome das idiossincrasias locais ou mesmo dos princípios igualitaristas, procuram contornar as políticas diferencialistas. É na tensão entre as políticas de redistribuição e reconhecimento que o texto assenta, portanto, a análise sobre os dilemas entre cor/raça/mestiçagem e políticas de ações afirmativas no Brasil.Abstract The article discusses the racialists and non-racialist approaches that mark the debate on affirmative action’s in Brazil taking miscegenation as a guideline for both political andtheoretical stances. It proposes a critique of the approaches to the racialization of the identities in the country as well as the approaches of the intellectuals who, on behalf of local idiosyncrasies or even egalitarian principles, try to avent differential policies. It is the tension between the redistribution and recognition policies that the text is based on, therefore, the analysis of the dilemmas between color/race/miscegenation and affirmative action policies in Brazil.

Relações filogenéticas e diversidade de isolados de Guignardia spp oriundos de diferentes hospedeiros nas regiões ITS1-5,8S-ITS2 Phylogenetic relationships and diversity of Guignardia spp isolated from different hosts on ITS1-5,8S-ITS2 region

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ester Wickert

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Fungos do gênero Guignardia são frequentemente isolados em diferentes espécies de plantas, sendo muitas vezes caracterizados como fungos endofíticos. Entretanto, algumas espécies deste fungo, a exemplo de G. citricarpa e G. psidii, são causadores de importantes doenças que afetam culturas agrícolas, como a Mancha-Preta dos Citros (MPC e a podridão dos frutos de goiabeira, respectivamente. Também são apontados como causadores de manchas foliares em diferentes espécies de frutíferas e também em outras culturas. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de isolar, identificar e caracterizar a diversidade genética existente entre isolados de Guignardia oriundos de citros, mangueira, goiabeira, eucaliptos, jabuticabeira e pitangueira através da análise da sequência de DNA do cístron ITS1-5,8-S-ITS2. Verificou-se que os isolados obtidos pertencem às espécies G. citricarpa e G. mangiferae. Entretanto, dois grupos encontrados em mangueira não puderam ser identificados em nível de espécie com base em sua sequência de DNA em função da baixa similaridade com as sequências de diferentes espécies de Guignardia já depositadas em banco de dados. Desta forma, goiabeira, eucaliptos, jabuticabeira e pitangueira são hospedeiras de G. mangiferae, enquanto os citros hospedam duas formas, G. citricarpa e G. mangiferae. Já a mangueira é hospedeira de G. mangiferae e de dois outros grupos ainda não identificados. Verificou-se ainda que isolados de Guignardia obtidos de sintomas de podridão de fruto de goiabeira foram identificados como G. mangiferae.Fungi of Guignardia genera are commonly isolated from different plant species and most of the time they are characterized as endophytics. However, some species of this genus, as G. citricarpa and G. psidii are known as causal agents of serious diseases that affect cultures, such as the Citrus Black Spot and the guava fruit rot, respectively. They are also responsible for diseases that cause foliar

Brazil: improved environmental policy in spite of the financial crisis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kasa, Sjur; Naess, Lars Otto

2002-01-01

Globalization is often thought of as being associated with increasing environmental problems. In particular this is true in connection with dramatic financial crises. Experience from the financial crisis in Brazil in 1998 to 1999, however, shows a more varied picture in which parts of the environmental policy were indeed improved. The article also discusses how representative the example of Brazil might be for generalization and points out that the reaction of Brazil on the financial crisis was mitigated by that country being a strong democracy with robust institutions

Human Intraocular Filariasis Caused by Dirofilaria sp. Nematode, Brazil

Science.gov (United States)

Diniz, Daniel G.; Dantas-Torres, Filipe; Casiraghi, Maurizio; de Almeida, Izabela N.F.; de Almeida, Luciana N.F.; Nascimento dos Santos, Jeannie; Furtado, Adriano Penha; Sobrinho, Edmundo F. de Almeida; Bain, Odile

2011-01-01

A case of human intraocular dirofilariasis is reported from northern Brazil. The nematode was morphologically and phylogenetically related to Dirofilaria immitis but distinct from reference sequences, including those of D. immitis infesting dogs in the same area. A zoonotic Dirofilaria species infesting wild mammals in Brazil and its implications are discussed. PMID:21529396

Derivados de pirazol bivalentes como inhibidores de ingesta

OpenAIRE

Rodríguez de Fonseca, Fernando; Jagerovic, Nadine; Fernández Fernández, Cristina; Bermúdez-Silva, Francisco Javier; Goya, Pilar

2011-01-01

Derivados de pirazol bivalentes como inhibidores de ingesta. Nuevos derivados alquílicos y cicloalquílicos disustituidos por pirazol-3-carboxamidas, así como su procedimiento de obtención. Estos compuestos presentan propiedades, entre otras, para la inducción de saciedad y control de la ingesta, modulación de la grasa corporal y regulación del metabolismo lipídico.

Stratigraphy of the Roraima Supergroup along the Brazil-Guyana border in the Guiana shield, Northern Amazonian Craton - results of the Brazil-Guyana Geology and Geodiversity Mapping Project

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nelson Joaquim Reis

Full Text Available ABSTRACT: The Geological and Geodiversity Mapping binational program along the Brazil-Guyana border zone allowed reviewing and integrating the stratigraphy and nomenclature of the Roraima Supergroup along the Pakaraima Sedimentary Block present in northeastern Brazil and western Guyana. The area mapped corresponds to a buffer zone of approximately 25 km in width on both sides of the border, of a region extending along the Maú-Ireng River between Mount Roraima (the triple-border region and Mutum Village in Brazil and Monkey Mountain in Guyana. The south border of the Roraima basin is overlain exclusively by effusive and volcaniclastic rocks of the Surumu Group of Brazil and its correlated equivalent the Burro-Burro Group of Guyana.

A new species of the genus Xanthomicrogaster Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) from Brazil

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Penteado-Dias, A.M.; Shimabukuro, P.H.F.; Achterberg, van C.

2002-01-01

One new Xanthomicrogaster species from Brazil is described, and X. fortipes Cameron, 1911, is redescribed and reported from Brazil and Suriname for the first time. A key to the species is presented as well as data about the geographical distribution in Brazil.

Dynamics of Cattle Production in Brazil.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Concepta McManus

Full Text Available Movement of livestock production within a country or region has implications for genetics, adaptation, well-being, nutrition, and production logistics, particularly in continental-sized countries, such as Brazil. Cattle production in Brazil from 1977 to 2011 was spatialized, and the annual midpoint of production was calculated. Changes in the relative production and acceleration of production were calculated and spatialized using ARCGIS®. Cluster and canonical discriminant analyses were performed to further highlight differences between regions in terms of cattle production. The mean production point has moved from the Center of Minas Gerais State (in the southeast region to the North of Goiás State (in the Midwest region. This reflects changes in environmental factors, such as pasture type, temperature and humidity. Acceleration in production in the northern region of Brazil has remained strong over the years. More recently, "traditional" cattle-rearing regions, such as the south and southeast, showed a reduction in growth rates as well as a reduction in herd size or internal migration over the period studied. These maps showed that this movement tends to be gradual, with few regions showing high acceleration or deceleration rates.

Noise in large cities in Brazil

Science.gov (United States)

Gerges, Samir N. Y.

2004-05-01

Large cities' noise is considered by the World Health Organization to be the third most hazardous pollution, preceded by air and water pollution. In urban centers, in general, and especially in developing countries such as Brazil, large populations are affected by excessive noise due mainly to traffic flow. The Brazilian Federal Government specifies noise limits, but each state can enforce its own set of noise limits, providing they are lower. The rapid economic growth, together with large migration of northern Brazilians to the developing southern urban areas in search of more lucrative jobs in construction and industrial sectors, resulted in a fast increase in activities such as vehicle and bus traffic, home construction, and development of all necessary infrastructures to support this growth. Urban noise in Brazil has been receiving the attention of national authorities only since 1990, when the Federal Government approved the first ``Program of Community Silence,'' based on ISO R 1996-1971. This paper highlights the noise situation in the five largest and most populated cities in Brazil: Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte, Porto Alegre and Curitiba [Zannin et al., Appl. Acoust. 63, 351-358 (2002)].

U.S.-Brazil Security Cooperation and the Challenge of Technology Transfer

Science.gov (United States)

2014-03-01

Brazil and the United States,” IPEA Boletim de Economia e Política Internacional (October 2012), http://www.thedialogue.org/page.cfm?pageID=32&pubID...Arturo C. Sotomayor, “Latin America’s Middle Powers in the United Nations: Brazil and Mexico in Comparative Perspective,” Journal of International...Postgraduate School, 2012); and Arturo C. Sotomayor, “Brazil and Mexico in the Nonproliferation Regime: Common Structures and Divergent Trajectories in

Nutrition surveys in Burma and northeast Brazil.

Science.gov (United States)

Bunce, George E

2005-05-01

Participation of the author in the Interdepartmental Committee on Nutrition for National Defense sponsored nutrition surveys of Burma and northeast Brazil is described. These surveys not only collected important data on nutritional status but also guided the subsequent research interests of the author. The Brazil survey results contributed to the creation of legislation that mandated the addition of water-dispersible vitamin A to skimmed-milk powder products. This additive has greatly diminished the likelihood of vitamin A deficiency syndrome occurring in children after famine relief efforts.

Mastite em pequenos ruminantes no Brasil Small ruminant mastitis in Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rodolfo de M. Peixoto

2010-09-01

Full Text Available Este artigo objetivou revisar as informações recentes sobre mastite em pequenos ruminantes, abrangendo etiologia, epidemiologia, aspectos de controle e profilaxia. Houve a preocupação em reunir resultados de estudos desenvolvidos no Brasil, uma vez que a mastite tem a interferência de uma série de fatores, como fatores ambientais e outros decorrentes dos sistemas de manejo empregados, condições essas determinantes para etiologia e epidemiologia da enfermidade. A prevalência da mastite em caprinos varia entre 22 e 75%, sendo que os casos de mastite subclínica são os mais frequentes. Existe uma carência de trabalhos voltados para os aspectos epidemiológicos da enfermidade no nosso país. Contudo, observa-se que a mastite vem assumindo importância cada vez maior nos rebanhos voltados para produção de carne, sendo encontrados resultados de pesquisa, principalmente na espécie ovina. A mastite estafilocócica corresponde à maior fração nas infecções intramamárias em pequenos ruminantes. O caráter zoonótico de alguns patógenos, a exemplo do Staphylococcus aureus ressalta a importância da implantação de programas de controle em propriedades leiteiras. Algumas das ferramentas de diagnóstico ainda necessitam de padronização, principalmente para espécie caprina que apresenta uma série de particularidades. Ainda são discutidas as principais estratégias de controle como o manejo de fêmeas e suas crias, os procedimentos de ordenha e a utilização de vacinas.The present reviews mastitis in small ruminants, focusing important aspects of etiology, epidemiology, diagnose, control, and prophylaxis. There was a special concern in review studies developed in Brazil, since mastitis results from a combination of many factors such as environmental and management conditions that concur for the action of etiological agents and for the epidemiology of this relevant disease. The prevalence mastitis in goats varies from 22 to 75%, with

Retratos do Brasil: uma coleção do Rockefeller Archive Center Images of Brazil: a Rockefeller Archive Center collection

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aline Lopes de Lacerda

2002-12-01

Full Text Available Este artigo objetiva apresentar uma descrição comentada da coleção fotográfica sobre o Brasil pertencente aos arquivos da Fundação Rockefeller nos Estados Unidos, o Rockefeller Archive Center. Traz informações sobre a origem de tal documentação, bem como sobre as formas de sua acumulação, tendo em vista compreender o contexto de produção daqueles documentos visuais. Tais documentos dizem respeito às relações entre a Fundação Rockefeller e organismos brasileiros voltados para o combate a doenças como a febre amarela, a malária e a ancilostomíase entre os anos 1920 e 1940.This article describes and comments on the collection of photographs of Brazil that belongs to the Rockefeller Foundation archives (Rockefeller Archive Center in the United States. It also contains information about the origin of such documents and the way they were collected, as well as analyzes the context in which these visual documents were produced. They record the relationship between Rockefeller Foundation and Brazilian institutions engaged in the combat against yellow fever, malaria and ancyclostomiasis from 1920 to 1940.

La prosodia como identificador biométrico

OpenAIRE

Farrús i Cabeceran, Mireia

2011-01-01

La biometría tiene como objetivo el reconocimiento de personas mediante uno o más identificadores biométricos como la voz, la cara o las huellas dactilares, entre otros. Gracias a la buena aceptación social y el poco intrusismo en los individuos, la voz ha sido, tradicionalmente, uno de los identificadores más utilizados en los sistemas biométricos. Estos sistemas de reconocimiento basados en la voz utilizan, habitualmente, características relacionadas con el espectro de la voz. No obstante, ...

La ciudad como ecosistema urbano

OpenAIRE

Higueras García, Esther

2013-01-01

LA CIUDAD COMO ECOSISTEMA URBANO .- La ecología y los ecosistemas .- El ecosistema urbano, definición, alcance y oportunidad .- El metabolismo urbano .- Los síntomas de la patología urbana .- Los objetivos del nuevo ecosistema urbano .- Las aportaciones de los ecobarrios

Obesidade entre os pobres no Brasil: a vulnerabilidade feminina Obesity among the poor in Brazil: female vulnerability

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vanessa Alves Ferreira

2011-04-01

Full Text Available No Brasil, o incremento da obesidade em mulheres inseridas nos menores percentis de renda tem sido destacado como tema prioritário para o campo da Saúde Pública na atualidade. A preocupação com as repercussões futuras da obesidade nos grupos menos favorecidos impõe o aprofundamento teórico e o delineamento de políticas públicas de prevenção e controle da enfermidade nesses segmentos. Nessa perspectiva, este trabalho se propõe a discutir algumas categorias analíticas presentes no fenômeno da obesidade entre a população pobre feminina no Brasil. Fatores biológicos, socioeconômicos e culturais parecem interagir na dinâmica da obesidade feminina no contexto da pobreza, revelando a complexidade dessa problemática. Políticas públicas de geração de emprego, inclusão social e igualdade no mercado de trabalho entre os gêneros nos parecem caminhos mais promissores para o enfrentamento da obesidade entre mulheres pobres no país.The increase in obesity among women in the lower income bracket in Brazil has been singled out as a priority issue in the field of Public Health today. Concern about future repercussions of obesity in the less privileged groups calls for an in-depth theoretical approach and the energetic definition of public policy for prevention and control of the affliction in these segments. In this respect, the scope of this work is to attempt to pinpoint some analytical categories in the phenomenon of obesity among the underprivileged female population in Brazil. Biological, socioeconomic and cultural factors appear to interact in the dynamics of female obesity in the context of poverty revealing the complexity of this problem. Public policies of job creation, social inclusion and gender equality in the labor market would appear to be more promising ways of tackling obesity in underprivileged females in Brazil.

Los portales educativos como fuente de recursos materiales

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Felipe Gértrudix Barrio

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Los portales educativos por sus características como “distribuidores” de información y “almacenes” de recursos, constituyen para la escuela actual un soporte ideal y eficiente de información relacionado con el mundo educativo. Por otro lado, los portales temáticos educativos, como referente específico de una materia, suponen la plataforma ideal en el que los miembros de un colectivo (profesores, maestros, educadores y familias puedan establecer un punto de encuentro para participar, reflexionar, así como cooperar en la actividad docente incentivando nuevas formas de trabajo en el aula. En este sentido presentamos un ejemplo de portal temático educativo dedicado a la educación musical: MOS.

Fast reactor research activities in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Menezes, A.

1998-01-01

Fast reactor activities in Brazil have the objective of establishing a consistent knowledge basis which can serve as a support for a future transitions to the activities more directly related to design, construction and operation of an experimental fast reactor, although its materialization is still far from being decided. Due to the present economic difficulties and uncertainties, the program is modest and all efforts have been directed towards its consolidation, based on the understanding that this class of reactors will play an important role in the future and Brazil needs to be minimally prepared. The text describes the present status of those activities, emphasizing the main progress made in 1996. (author)

Bilateral cooperation between Germany and Brazil on fuel irradiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dias, J.W.

1977-01-01

Within the framework of the Government Agreement on Scientific and Technical Cooperation between the Federal Republic of Germany and Brazil, the Brazilian National Atomic Commission and the Juelich Nuclear Research Center (KFA) signed on 23rd April, 1971 an Agreement on Cooperation in the field of Nuclear Research and Reactor Technology. Projects have been elaborated in fields of mutual interest to share activities between the partner institutes in both countries. A typical project is the fuel irradiation programme jointly prepared by NUCLEBRAS and KFA-Juelich. Brazil is planning to use elements of its own production in nuclear power plants to be erected within the German-Brazilian Industrial Agreement. As no material test reactor is available in Brazil it is expedient to irradiate samples of Brazilian production in Germany. Brazilian collaborators will participate in the preparation, execution and post-irradiation examination. In this way an optimum transfer of all information and results is assured. In the first phase, sample rods manufactured in Brazil are irradiated in the FRJ-2 test reactor in Juelich. These rods are assembled under clean conditions in the NUCLEBRAS research centres. The first Brazilian test rods showed excellent in-pile behaviour even under very high fuel rod capacity. In the second phase, fuel rods of original length manufactured and assembled in Brazil will be irradiated in German power plants, and, at the same time, additional irradiations of small samples will be carried out in test reactors. In the third phase, rod clusters and complete fuel elements will be manufactured in Brazil and irradiated in German power plants until target burn-up. All the necessary prerequisites have been fulfilled to meet the above requirements, i.e. mutual interest, good infrastructure maintained by both partners, qualified personnel and last but not least unbureaucratic and effective help by the coordinating offices of NUCLEBRAS and KFA

Spatiotemporal Analysis of AIDS Incidence Among Adults in Brazil.

Science.gov (United States)

da Silva Lizzi, Elisangela Aparecida; Nunes, Altacilio Aparecido; Martinez, Edson Zangiacomi

2016-01-01

AIDS is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide and, currently, the overall prevalence rate of HIV infection in Brazil is 0.5% among men and 0.3% among women. To evaluate the spatiotemporal trend of AIDS in Brazil from 2006 to 2012 and its relationship with human development index (HDI) and their components income, education and life expectancy. This ecological study evaluate the spatiotemporal trend of standardized incidence ratio of AIDS among adults in Brazil from 2006 to 2012 and its relationship with HDI by using a Bayesian analysis, considering the Brazilian Federal Units as units of analysis. The proposed statistical model allows obtaining a standardized incidence ratio (SIR, adjusted by gender and age). Among the men, our results show higher incidence rates in the States of the Southern regions as well as in the state of Amazonas (Northern Brazil). In females, we found other patterns for SIR, with higher incidence rates in the states of Rio de Janeiro (Southeast region), Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina (both in Southern region). Among men it was observed as an expressive association between the SIR values and the overall HDI and income and education components, but it was observed to have an inverse association with the life expectancy component. Among women, it is noted that the SIR values are associated with the overall HDI and the education components only at the beginning of the studied period. AIDS remains a major public health problem in Brazil, mainly in the southern and southeastern regions of the country. Considering its association with HDI, it is noted that the disease still remains related to the pattern observed in the early years of the studied period, at least in the more developed regions of Brazil. This certainly happened because of the chronicity of the disease, thus affecting people with good socioeconomic status.

A Systematic Review of Children's Environmental Health in Brazil.

Science.gov (United States)

Froes Asmus, Carmen I R; Camara, Volney M; Landrigan, Philip J; Claudio, Luz

2016-01-01

In the region of the Americas, approximately 100,000 children under the age of 5 years die each year due to environmental hazards. Brazil, due to its large size and wide range of environmental challenges, presents numerous hazards to children's health. The aim of this study was to systematically review the scientific literature that describes children's exposures to environmental pollutants in Brazil and their effects on Brazilian children's health. A systematic review of the scientific literature was performed without language restrictions and time of publication (years). The literature search was conducted in the following key resources: PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus and Web of Science with the MeSH Terms: Environmental exposure AND Brazil (filters: Human, Child [birth to 18 years] and Affiliation Author). The Virtual Health Library was also employed to access the databases Scielo and Lilacs. The search strategy was [DeCS Terms]: Child OR adolescent AND Environmental exposure AND Brazil. Health effects in children associated with exposure to environmental pollutants in Brazil were reported in 74 studies, during the period between 1995 and 2015. The most frequently cited effect was hospital admission for respiratory causes including wheezing, asthma, and pneumonia among children living in areas with high concentrations of air pollutants. A broad spectrum of other health effects possibly linked to pollutants also was found such as prematurity, low birth weight, congenital abnormality (cryptorchidism, hypospadia, micropenis), poor performance in tests of psychomotor and mental development, and behavioral problems. Exposure to pesticides in utero and postnatally was associated with a high risk for leukemia in children Brazil for stricter monitoring of pollutant emissions and for health surveillance programs especially among vulnerable populations such as pregnant women and young children. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

75 FR 48724 - Frozen Warmwater Shrimp From Brazil, China, India, Thailand, and Vietnam

Science.gov (United States)

2010-08-11

... Warmwater Shrimp From Brazil, China, India, Thailand, and Vietnam AGENCY: United States International Trade... warmwater shrimp from Brazil, China, India, Thailand, and Vietnam. SUMMARY: The Commission hereby gives... warmwater shrimp from Brazil, China, India, Thailand, and Vietnam would be likely to lead to continuation or...

75 FR 57501 - Frozen Warmwater Shrimp From Brazil, China, India, Thailand, and Vietnam

Science.gov (United States)

2010-09-21

... Warmwater Shrimp From Brazil, China, India, Thailand, and Vietnam AGENCY: United States International Trade... warmwater shrimp from Brazil, China, India, Thailand, and Vietnam. SUMMARY: The Commission hereby gives... warmwater shrimp from Brazil, China, India, Thailand, and Vietnam would be likely to lead to continuation or...

75 FR 22424 - Frozen Warmwater Shrimp From Brazil, China, India, Thailand, and Vietnam

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-28

... Warmwater Shrimp From Brazil, China, India, Thailand, and Vietnam AGENCY: United States International Trade... antidumping duty orders on frozen warmwater shrimp from Brazil, China, India, Thailand, and Vietnam. SUMMARY... duty orders on frozen warmwater shrimp from Brazil, China, India, Thailand, and Vietnam would be likely...

O Brasil de Marianne North: lembranças de uma viajante inglesa The Brazil of Marianne North: memories of an english traveler

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Lúcia Almeida Gazzola

2008-12-01

Full Text Available A partir de reflexões sobre a mulher e a feminilidade no período vitoriano, a explosão do mercado literário no século XIX e o acesso da mulher à educação, à literatura e ao jornalismo, o texto introduz a obra de Marianne North, pintora inglesa que viajava com o objetivo de pintar a flora de outros países, particularmente a exótica flora tropical. Marianne tornou-se uma das mais famosas viajantes globetrotters de sua época, ao percorrer inúmeros países, como Canadá, Estados Unidos, Jamaica, Brasil, Teneriffe, Japão, Bornéu, Java, Ceilão, Singapura, Índia, Gales, Austrália, Nova Zelândia, Tasmânia, África do Sul, as ilhas Seychelles e Chile. No total, ela deixou registrado aproximadamente 727 gêneros (quase 1.000 espécies de plantas, algumas bem pouco conhecidas dos estudiosos. O texto trata, pois, da dupla condição de Marianne North como pintora e como autora de relatos dos países visitados. No Brasil, por exemplo, ela viveu entre 1872 e 1873. Seu profissionalismo e objetividade a distinguem das demais viajantes do século XIX.Starting from reflections about woman and femininity in the Victorian era, the explosion of literary market in the 19th century, and the access of women to education, literature, and journalism, this text introduces the work of Marianne North, English painter who used to travel aiming to paint the flora of other countries, particularly the exotic tropical flora. Marianne became one of the most famous globetrotter travelers of her time, visiting several countries such as Canada, USA, Jamaica, Brazil, Tenerife, Japan, Borneo, Java, Ceylon, Singapore, India, Wales, Australia, New Zealand, Tasmania, South Africa, Seychelles Islands, and Chile. In total, she left registers of about 272 genres (almost 1000 species of plants, some of them little known by the experts. Hence, the text deals with the dual condition of Marianne North as a painter and author of reports about the visited countries. In Brazil

Fair trade: as an international hot topic and its approach in Brazil Fair Trade (comércio justo como um ‘Tópico Quente” internacional e sua abordagem no Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Carlos Lazaro Silva-Filho

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabela normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;} This paper aims to analyse the concept of Fair Trade in international and Braszilian literature. Throgh the identification of the grow of thema and analyzing the possible "barriers" to the development of the theme in the Brazilian context. The authors  develop two bibliometric research, a eletronic amd international one based on database of "Web of Science from ISI” and another in the brazilian publications (proceedings and journals. Although the indentification of the thma as a real emerging theme in international literature("hot topic", the authors noted a significant gap in the Brazilian publications. The author propouses to use  use the theoretical approach, that emerges fom the French social science, the  "quality and conventions" aproach that are being use to understand the coordination of networks of agribusiness So, in Brazil, the Fair Trade still inscipiente because it does not comes from a "civic (moral convention", that could be a necessary phase to achive de “market convention”, in other side de developed countries began has a civic convention and are achiving the market as a new convention, assimilated by the retails networks.Este artigo tem como objetivo

Influenza A Viruses of Human Origin in Swine, Brazil.

Science.gov (United States)

Nelson, Martha I; Schaefer, Rejane; Gava, Danielle; Cantão, Maurício Egídio; Ciacci-Zanella, Janice Reis

2015-08-01

The evolutionary origins of the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus that caused the first outbreak of the 2009 pandemic in Mexico remain unclear, highlighting the lack of swine surveillance in Latin American countries. Although Brazil has one of the largest swine populations in the world, influenza was not thought to be endemic in Brazil's swine until the major outbreaks of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 in 2009. Through phylogenetic analysis of whole-genome sequences of influenza viruses of the H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2 subtypes collected in swine in Brazil during 2009-2012, we identified multiple previously uncharacterized influenza viruses of human seasonal H1N2 and H3N2 virus origin that have circulated undetected in swine for more than a decade. Viral diversity has further increased in Brazil through reassortment between co-circulating viruses, including A(H1N1)pdm09. The circulation of multiple divergent hemagglutinin lineages challenges the design of effective cross-protective vaccines and highlights the need for additional surveillance.

The developmental state in Brazil: comparative and historical perspectives

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

BEN ROSS SCHNEIDER

2015-03-01

Full Text Available The record of successful developmental states in East Asia and the partial successes of developmental states in Latin America suggest several common preconditions for effective state intervention including a Weberian bureaucracy, monitoring of implementation, reciprocity (subsidies in exchange for performance, and collaborative relations between government and business. Although Brazil failed to develop the high technology manufacturing industry and exports that have fueled sustained growth in East Asia, its developmental state had a number of important, and often neglected, successes, especially in steel, automobiles, mining, ethanol, and aircraft manufacturing. Where Brazil's developmental state was less successful was in promoting sectors like information technology and nuclear energy, as well as overall social and regional equality. In addition, some isolated initiatives by state governments were also effective in promoting particular local segments of industry and agriculture. Comparisons with East Asia, highlight the central role of state enterprises in Brazil that in effect internalized monitoring and reciprocity and bypassed collaboration between business and government (that was overall rarer in Brazil.

Ethnozoology in Brazil: current status and perspectives.

Science.gov (United States)

Alves, Rômulo Rn; Souto, Wedson Ms

2011-07-18

Ancient connections between animals and human are seen in cultures throughout the world in multiple forms of interaction with the local fauna that form the core of Ethnozoology. Historically, ethnozoological publications grew out of studies undertaken in academic areas such as zoology, human ecology, sociology and anthropology--reflecting the interdisciplinary character of this discipline. The rich fauna and cultural diversity found in Brazil, with many different species of animals being used for an extremely wide diversity of purposes by Amerindian societies (as well as the descendents of the original European colonists and African slaves), presents an excellent backdrop for examining the relationships that exist between humans and other animals. This work presents a historical view of ethnozoological research in Brazil and examines its evolution, tendencies, and future perspectives. In summary, literature researches indicated that ethnozoology experienced significant advances in recent years in Brazil, although from a qualitative point of view improvement is still needed in terms of methodological procedures, taxonomic precision, and the use of quantitative techniques. A wide range of methodologies and theories are available in different areas of learning that can be put to good use in ethnozoological approaches if the right questions are asked. The challenges to studying ethnozoology in Brazil are not insignificant, and the tendencies described in the present study may aid in defining research strategies that will maintain the quantitative growth observed in the recent years but likewise foster needed qualitative improvements.

Learning communities and overcoming poverty in Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tatiana Santos Pitanga

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Object: Brazil has implemented social programs to meet the Millennium Development Goals of reducing poverty and inequality. Despite the good results still there are ghettos and educational and social inequalities. Moreover Learning Communities are responding to these needs by promoting education based on successful actions scientifically proven of which promote educational change and social inclusion. The aim of this article is to highlight the characteristics of Learning Communities that allow overcoming poverty, and in this perspective, explain the implementation of the Learning Communities in Brazil and how, in this way, it is creating the conditions for effective overcoming give poverty and inequality in this country.Design / methodology: This article is based on documentary analysis of reports of the INCLUD-ED - the project on school education more scientific resources has been funded by the European Union, United Nations / ECLAC, Brazilian public agencies and websites of official institutions that promote Learning Communities in Brazil. Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics are also collected.Contributions and results: It highlights successful actions that contribute to overcoming poverty and social exclusion. Such actions are based on dialogic learning, democratic management and the formation of heterogeneous groups. It is observed that in Brazil are carrying out such actions and the ongoing expansion of the project in the country is creating the conditions for effective poverty reduction.Added value: This article reveals specific elements of overcoming poverty through education.

Dengue situation in Brazil by year 2000

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hermann G Schatzmayr

2000-01-01

Full Text Available Dengue virus types 1 and 2 have been isolated in Brazil by the Department of Virology, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, in 1986 and 1990 respectively, after many decades of absence. A successful continental Aedes aegypti control program in the Americas, has been able to eradicate the vector in most countries in the 60's, but the program could not be sustained along the years. Dengue viruses were reintroduced in the American region and the infection became endemic in Brazil, like in most Central and SouthAmerican countries and in the Caribbean region, due to the weaning of the vector control programs in these countries. High demographic densities and poor housing conditions in large urban communities, made the ideal conditions for vector spreading. All four dengue types are circulating in the continent and there is a high risk of the introduction in the country of the other two dengue types in Brazil, with the development of large epidemics. After the Cuban episode in 1981, when by the first time a large epidemic of dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome have been described in the Americas, both clinical presentations are observed, specially in the countries like Brazil, with circulation of more than one dengue virus type. A tetravalent potent vaccine seems to be the only possible way to control the disease in the future, besides rapid clinical and laboratory diagnosis, in order to offer supportive treatment to the more severe clinical infections.

Donald Pierson e a escola sociológica de Chicago no Brasil: os estudos urbanos na cidade de São Paulo (1935-1950 Donald Pierson and the Sociological School of Chicago in Brazil: urban studies in the city of São Paulo (1935-1950

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Edgar S.G. Mendoza

2005-12-01

Full Text Available O artigo, em termos amplos, trata da influência de Donald Pierson, formado na Escola Sociológica de Chicago, que teve maior repercussão na pesquisa urbana no Brasil, nos anos 30 e 50, tanto na Sociologia quanto na Antropologia, na cidade de São Paulo. A pesquisa urbana no Brasil tanto sociológica quanto antropológica teve referenciais teóricos que deixaram sua marcas nos trabalhos da época. No meu argumento, se pensarmos nos campos científicos da Antropologia e da Sociologia Urbana no Brasil, uma das tendências teóricas em um momento histórico e teórico foi a Escola Sociológica de Chicago. Um resgate de pesquisas precursoras de estudos urbanos na cidade de São Paulo poderiam comprovar a influência da Escola de Chicago. Apesar de serem pesquisas isoladas, enfatizaram fortemente questões propriamente urbanas. Seria arriscado defini-las nesta época como uma Sociologia Urbana propriamente dita, em São Paulo. O motivo de trazê-las é demonstrar que realmente foram um antecedente dos estudos urbanos no Brasil, entre 1935-1950. Assim, posso dizer que a Sociologia da Escola de Chicago teve influência em três campos no Brasil: a relações raciais (negros, brancos e imigrantes, b estudos de comunidade (pequenas cidades rurais e c estudos na cidade (principalmente São Paulo. Portanto, estou pensando a cidade de São Paulo como um cenário em termos gerais, como uma agenda de pesquisa institucional nos anos 35-50. Entre as poucas e modestas pesquisas de Sociologia na cidade de São Paulo tomada como objeto de estudo, foi feita uma etnografia na cidade ou uma etnografia urbana diferente dos clássicos estudos de comunidades em pequenas cidades rurais. Temos inicialmente oito trabalhos que foram publicados principalmente como artigos em revistas, sendo o objeto de pesquisa alguns bairros da cidade ou em outras cidades. O ponto central do artigo está na ampla bibliografia que foi encontrada, e apresentada no final do texto sobre a

Air quality and human health improvements from reduced deforestation in Brazil

Science.gov (United States)

Reddington, C.; Butt, E. W.; Ridley, D. A.; Artaxo, P.; Morgan, W.; Coe, H.; Spracklen, D. V.

2015-12-01

Significant areas of the Brazilian Amazon have been deforested over the past few decades, with fire being the dominant method through which forests and vegetation are cleared. Fires emit large quantities of particulate matter into the atmosphere, degrading air quality and negatively impacting human health. Since 2004, Brazil has achieved substantial reductions in deforestation rates and associated deforestation fires. Here we assess the impact of this reduction on air quality and human health. We show that dry season (August - October) aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrieved by satellite over southwest Brazil and Bolivia is positively related to Brazil's annual deforestation rate (r=0.96, Pannually across South America. Future increases in Brazil's deforestation rates and associated fires may threaten the improved air quality reported here.

New records of ribbon worms (Nemertea) from Ceará, Northeast Brazil.

Science.gov (United States)

Mendes, Cecili B; Matthews-Cascon, Helena; Norenburg, Jon L

2016-01-05

Of 45 species of nemerteans reported for the Brazilian coast, only two were recorded from Brazil's Northeast coast. Here we report seven new records for the state of Ceará, in Northeast Brazil: Tubulanus rhabdotus Côrrea, 1954, Carinomella cf. lactea Coe, 1905, Baseodiscus delineatus (Delle-Chiaje 1825), Cerebratulus cf. lineolatus Coe, 1905, Cerebratulus sp. 1, Cerebratulus sp. 2 and Lineidae sp. 1. Specimens were collected at the following beaches: Praia dos Dois Coqueiros, Praia do Pacheco, Pecém harbor, Praia da Pedra Rachada and Praia do Guajiru. T. rhabdotus is a new record for Northeast Brazil, Carinomella cf. lactea and Cerebratulus cf. lineolatus are new records for the South Atlantic Ocean and both genera are new records for Brazil.

La mundialización del Darwinismo como proceso y como texto

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Olga Matilde Restrepo Forero

2009-10-01

Full Text Available El fenómeno de la difusión del Darwinismo ha sido ampliamente estudiado. No solo existe una “Industria de Darwin” que se ha ocupado de investigar cómo se produjo la obra de Darwin, sino que también existe una “Industria de la Difusión del Darwinismo”, que investiga los procesos de recepción del Darwinismo en diversas partes del mundo. En el artículo se cuestiona la separación entre los estudios que examinan la producción del Origen de las especies y los que estudian su posterior difusión, considerados como procesos completamente independientes. Con base en unos pocos ejemplos, se muestra cómo Darwin fue produciendo y modificando su obra a partir de las contribuciones que fue recogiendo en diferentes partes del mundo y a partir de las respuestas que fue recibiendo a medida que su obra era comentada y discutida. Fianlmente se examina cómo al estudiar la mundialización del darwinismo surge el problema de cómo definir el fenómeno bajo estudio, si con una perspectiva normativa, que imponga un orden en la proliferación de sentidos que surge como consecuencia de la expansión, o con una perspectiva no-esencialista que más bien sitúe al darwinismo en relación con sus diferentes usos y apropiaciones locales.

The prevalence and impact of headache in Brazil.

Science.gov (United States)

Queiroz, Luiz P; Silva Junior, Ariovaldo A

2015-02-01

In Brazil, several epidemiological studies on headache have been produced, most with an emphasis on prevalence and the association of primary headaches with some sociodemographic characteristics of the population. Data on the burden of headache, however, are scarce. The aim of this paper is to review all Brazilian population-based studies on headache, as well as to analyze the Migraine Disability Assessment Score (MIDAS) data collected with the PhD thesis of the senior author (LPQ). A literature review was performed using the keywords ("headache" or "migraine") and ("epidemiology" or "prevalence") and (Brazil). Another part of this paper will look at unpublished data on disability (MIDAS), collected with the prevalence data of the Brazilian nationwide epidemiological study of headache. There are 6 published epidemiological studies of headache in Brazil. The mean 1-year prevalence of headache in Brazil is 70.6%, of migraine 15.8%, of tension-type headache (TTH) 29.5%, and of chronic daily headache (CDH) 6.1%. Disability is significantly higher: in females compared to males; in patients with migraine and CDH compared to patients with TTH; and in those with headaches ≥15 days per month rather than those with episodic headaches. There was also a positive relationship between pain intensity and severity of disability. Patients with higher disability used more both abortive and prophylactic medication. The mean prevalence of headache in Brazil, and some of its subtypes, is similar to the rates described in other countries of the world. Disability is higher in females, in patients with migraine, in individuals with headaches ≥15 days per month, and in those with severe head pain. © 2015 American Headache Society.

77 FR 23659 - Revocation of Antidumping Duty Order: Certain Orange Juice From Brazil

Science.gov (United States)

2012-04-20

... Duty Order: Certain Orange Juice From Brazil AGENCY: Import Administration, International Trade...) initiated a sunset review of the antidumping duty order on certain orange juice (OJ) from Brazil.\\1\\ On...), the Department is revoking the antidumping duty order on OJ from Brazil. \\1\\ See Initiation of Five...

The biodiversity of Aspergillus section Flavi in brazil nuts: From rainforest to consumer

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Calderari, Thaiane O.; Iamanaka, Beatriz T.; Frisvad, Jens Christian

2013-01-01

A total of 288 brazil nut samples (173 kernel and 115 shell) from the Amazon rainforest region and São Paulo State, Brazil were collected at different stages of brazil nut production. Samples were analysed for: percentages of aflatoxigenic fungal species and potential for aflatoxin production and...

Brazil to Join the European Southern Observatory

Science.gov (United States)

2010-12-01

The Federative Republic of Brazil has yesterday signed the formal accession agreement paving the way for it to become a Member State of the European Southern Observatory (ESO). Following government ratification Brazil will become the fifteenth Member State and the first from outside Europe. On 29 December 2010, at a ceremony in Brasilia, the Brazilian Minister of Science and Technology, Sergio Machado Rezende and the ESO Director General, Tim de Zeeuw signed the formal accession agreement aiming to make Brazil a Member State of the European Southern Observatory. Brazil will become the fifteen Member State and the first from outside Europe. Since the agreement means accession to an international convention, the agreement must now be submitted to the Brazilian Parliament for ratification [1]. The signing of the agreement followed the unanimous approval by the ESO Council during an extraordinary meeting on 21 December 2010. "Joining ESO will give new impetus to the development of science, technology and innovation in Brazil as part of the considerable efforts our government is making to keep the country advancing in these strategic areas," says Rezende. The European Southern Observatory has a long history of successful involvement with South America, ever since Chile was selected as the best site for its observatories in 1963. Until now, however, no non-European country has joined ESO as a Member State. "The membership of Brazil will give the vibrant Brazilian astronomical community full access to the most productive observatory in the world and open up opportunities for Brazilian high-tech industry to contribute to the European Extremely Large Telescope project. It will also bring new resources and skills to the organisation at the right time for them to make a major contribution to this exciting project," adds ESO Director General, Tim de Zeeuw. The European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT) telescope design phase was recently completed and a major review was

Study for Agricultural Engineering Development in Brazil. Summary Report of Joint Study Group on Agricultural Engineering in Brazil (July 24-August 12, 1972).

Science.gov (United States)

National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC.

The joint study group was established to identify the most urgent research and training needs in agricultural engineering in Brazil and to recommend how best to meet those needs. Specific recommendations are given for a long-term program to establish quality programs in education and research in agricultural engineering in Brazil and means to gain…

Riqueza de galhas entomógenas em áreas antropizadas e preservadas de caatinga

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sheila Patricia Carvalho-Fernandes

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Insetos indutores de galhas, também denominados cecidógenos, são considerados mais especializados por possuírem interação direta com tecidos internos da planta, modificando-os em seu benefício e tornando-se mais dependentes da espécie hospedeira. Este estudo investigou a fauna de insetos galhadores em espécies hospedeiras da Caatinga, em ambientes com diferentes intensidades de ação antrópica. As áreas foram selecionadas de acordo com uma escala de sucessão ecológica (preservadas, intermediárias e antropizadas, sendo três réplicas de cada, totalizando nove áreas. Em cada área foram amostradas oito parcelas de 10 m² cada, distanciadas 10 m entre si. Foram encontrados 25 morfotipos de galhas distribuídos em 18 espécies hospedeiras pertencentes a oito famílias vegetais. Fabaceae foi a família com maior riqueza de galhas, com seis morfotipos, sendo Caesalpinia pyramidalis Tul. a espécie com maior número de galhas, com quatro morfotipos. Em relação aos órgãos atacados, 68% das galhas ocorreram em folhas, 28% em ramos e 4% em botões florais. A maioria das galhas encontradas ocorreu isoladamente (84%, glabra (56% e de formas esféricas (32%, amorfas (28%, discoides (12% e globoides (12%. No estrato arbóreo foi encontrada a maior riqueza de galhas, com 16 morfotipos, seguido do estrato arbustivo e herbáceo, respectivamente com sete e dois morfotipos. A riqueza de galhas sofreu influência do grau de conservação das áreas, e houve diferenças entre os ambientes preservados e antropizados.

Anthropology of health in Brazil: a border discourse.

Science.gov (United States)

Langdon, Esther Jean; Follér, Maj-Lis

2012-01-01

This article traces the development of anthropological research on health in Brazil in light of discussions on modernity/coloniality and world anthropologies. Originating in the 1970s, stimulated by external and internal pressures for scientific production and along with the expansion of graduate programs, a network of anthropologists has consolidated and multiplied in Brazil. We describe the development of research groups, meetings, and publications in order to characterize Brazilian anthropology of health as a research program that distinguishes itself from North Atlantic medical anthropology. We examine the visibility and circulation of references in academic publications to explore the participation of Brazilians in the global discourse and, more specifically, in the North-South dialogue. From a comparative perspective, we argue that anthropological investigations of health reflect a perspective and ethos distinctive to Brazil and its historical and political processes.

Will Brazil's cars go on the wagon?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Homewood, B.

1993-01-01

The use of ethanol as an alternative fuel for cars in Brazil, may shortly be reduced. Falling world oil prices have meant that ethanol, derived from sugar cane, following a fourteen year research program, has ceased to be a financially viable replacement for petrol. Although about a third of Brazil's cars are at present powered by ethanol, only substantial government subsidies could reinstate this fuel despite its reduced pollutant status. Government officials now predict that ethanol will become merely a petrol additive and production of ethanol cars will have stopped by the year 2000. (UK)

The sustainability of hydropower projects in Brazil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

de Methodio Maranhao Neto, Gil; Yana, Laurent

2010-09-15

The construction of hydropower plants unquestionably impacts the environment and communities. But countries such as Brazil have been able to build up a sophisticated socio-environmental legislation and institutions as well as a democratic and participative licensing process to protect the nature and the population affected. In some cases, plants greatly contribute towards the creation of local welfare to the population as well as good environmental practices. As a good example of best practices on socio-environmental standards, we will analyze Jirau Hydropower Project, currently under construction on the Madeira River, north of Brazil.

Metacercariae of Renifer heterocoelium (Trematoda: Reniferidae in tadpoles of Rhinella schneideri (Anura: Bufonidae in Brazil Metacercarias de Renifer heterocoelium (Trematoda: Reniferidae en renacuajos de Rhinella schneideri (Anura: Bufonidae en Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hudson Alves Pinto

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Renifer heterocoelium is a parasite of the oral cavity of Neotropical snakes for which larval stages and the life cycle are still unknown. During studies of parasites of Rhinella schneideri, tadpoles collected in a lake from the municipality of Santa Luzia, Minas Gerais, Brazil, yielded specimens with metacercariae adhered to the external intestinal wall. After morphological characterization, the metacercariae were identified as R. heterocoelium. This is the first record and morphological characterization of metacercariae of R. heterocoelium for Brazil.Renifer heterocoelium es un parásito de la cavidad bucal de las serpientes neotropicales cuyas formas larvales y ciclo de vida son todavía desconocidos. En un estudio de los parásitos de renacuajos de Rhinella schneideri recogidos en un estanque ubicado en el municipio de Santa Luzia, Minas Gerais, Brasil, se encontraron ejemplares con metacercarias en la pared intestinal. Después de caracterizarlos morfológicamente, los quistes fueron identificados como R. heterocoelium. Este es el primer registro y caracterización morfológica de las metacercarias de esta especie en Brasil.

Brazil and Mexico's manufacturing performance in international perspective, 1970-1998

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Mulder, Nanno; Montout, Sylvie; Perez Lopes, Luis

2002-01-01

This paper studies the labour productivity performances of Brazil and Mexico in international perspective by comparing them with the United States, one of the international productivity leaders, during the period 1970-99. Brazil and Mexico are compared separately with the USA, in 1985 and 1988

A review on human attitudes towards reptiles in Brazil.

Science.gov (United States)

Alves, Rômulo Romeu Nóbrega; Vieira, Kleber Silva; Santana, Gindomar Gomes; Vieira, Washington Luiz Silva; Almeida, Waltécio Oliveira; Souto, Wedson Medeiros Silva; Montenegro, Paulo Fernando Guedes Pereira; Pezzuti, Juarez Carlos Brito

2012-11-01

For many millennia humans and reptiles have interacted, but the attitude of humans towards these animals has depended on culture, environment, and personal experience. At least 719 reptile species are known to occur in Brazil and about 11% of this fauna has been exploited for many different purposes, including bushmeat, leather, ornamental and magic/religious uses, and as folk medicines. Brazil can therefore serve as an interesting case study for better understanding reptile use by human societies, and the present paper catalogues some of the reptile species being used in Brazil and discusses implications for their conservation. A literature review indicated that 81 reptile species are culturally important in this country, with 47 (58%) species having multiple uses, 54 being used for medicinal purposes, 38 as food, 28 for ornamental or decorative purposes, 20 used in magic/religious practices, 18 as pets, and 40 are commonly killed when they come into contact with humans. Regarding their conservation status, 30 (37.5%) are included on State's Red List, Brazilian Red List or the IUCN Red List. There are many forms of interaction between reptiles and humans in Brazil-although most of them are quite negative in terms of wildlife conservation-which reinforces the importance of understanding such uses and interactions in the context of protecting reptiles in Brazil. A better understanding of the cultural, social, and traditional roles of these reptiles is fundamental to establishing management plans for their sustainable use.

Constructing public oral health policies in Brazil: issues for reflection.

Science.gov (United States)

Soares, Catharina Leite Matos

2012-01-01

This paper addresses the construction of public oral health policies in Brazil by reviewing the available literature. It includes a discussion of the social responses given by the Brazilian State to oral health policies and the relationship of these responses with the ideological oral health movements that have developed globally, and that have specifically influenced oral health policies in Brazil. The influence of these movements has affected a series of hegemonic practices originating from both Market Dentistry and Preventive and Social Dentistry in Brazil. Among the state activities that have been set into motion, the following stand out: the drafting of a law to regulate the fluoridation of the public water supply, and the fluoridation of commercial toothpaste in Brazil; epidemiological surveys to analyze the status of the Brazilian population's oral health; the inclusion of oral health in the Family Health Strategy (Estratégia de Saúde da Família - ESF); the drawing up of the National Oral Health Policy, Smiling Brazil (Brasil Sorridente). From the literature consulted, the progressive expansion of state intervention in oral health policies is observed. However, there remains a preponderance of hegemonic "dental" practices reproduced in the Unified Public Health Service (Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS) and the Family Health Strategy.

A verdade como um problema epistemológico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Geilson Fernandes de Oliveira

2016-07-01

Full Text Available O presente ensaio é fruto das discussões realizadas durante a disciplina de mestrado Epistemologia das Ciências Sociais e Humanas. Aqui, objetivamos discutir sobre a verdade como um problema epistemológico. Assim, a partir do conceitual teórico utilizado durante a disciplina, entre os quais destacamos Michel Foucault, Norbert Elias, Friedrich Nietzsche e Pierre Bourdieu, tecemos considerações sobre as concepções de verdade no pensamento social contemporâneo, bem como no que diz respeito as rupturas que favoreceram a emergência de seu estado corrente – concepção da verdade como produção social e histórica. Consonante a esta discussão, realizamos ainda uma breve discussão sobre as relações de poder e saber que favorecem a constituição da verdade.

Insetos galhadores associados a duas espécies de plantas invasoras de áreas urbanas e peri-urbanas Galling insects associated with two species of ruderal plants in urban and peri urban areas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Genimar R. Julião

2005-03-01

Full Text Available Os insetos têm sido considerados importantes indicadores de mudanças ambientais e da qualidade de habitats. Apesar de seu hábito séssil, fácil visualização, abundância, e especificidade de hospedeiro, insetos indutores de galhas não têm sido utilizados em estudos desta natureza. Neste estudo foi investigado o uso potencial de insetos galhadores associados a duas espécies de plantas hospedeiras ruderais (Baccharis dracunculifolia e Vernonia polyanthes: Asteraceae como bioindicadores da qualidade de habitats. Procurou-se responder às seguintes questões: (i A diversidade de insetos galhadores é afetada pelo tipo de uso e ocupação da paisagem (solo?; (ii A resposta das comunidades de insetos galhadores difere entre as duas espécies de plantas hospedeiras?; (iii A diversidade de insetos galhadores é influenciada por características bióticas e físicas dos biótopo urbanos? Foram coletadas 6.226 galhas, pertinentes a 6 espécies de insetos galhadores associados à V. polyanthes e 11 espécies associadas à B. dracunculifolia. Não foi encontrada nenhuma diferença na riqueza de insetos galhadores entre os biótopos amostrados. No entanto, a abundância de insetos galhadores apresentou diferenças significativas quanto ao tipo de uso e ocupação da paisagem. As galhas foram mais numerosas em biótopos menos urbanizados, sendo observado uma relação forte e positiva com a porcentagem de cobertura vegetal do biótopo. As comunidades de insetos galhadores de ambas as espécies de plantas hospedeiras apresentaram respostas diferenciais quanto ao tipo de uso da paisagem. Os resultados sugerem três fatores que podem estar envolvidos com a diversidade de insetos galhadores em áreas urbanas: (i estrutura dos habitats num biótopo; (ii abundância e distribuição espacial do recurso planta hospedeira e; (iii freqüência e intensidade do manejo de reservas, parques, jardins e terrenos baldios de uma dada área urbana. Constatou-se ainda

Metaversos y educación: Second Life como plataforma educativa

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Israel V. Márquez

2011-05-01

Full Text Available Presentamos en este artículo algunas de las particularidades de los metaversos como nuevos espacios formativos. Tomando como ejemplo el caso de Second Life y a partir de la propia experiencia del autor en este metaverso, se exploran las posibilidades formativas de estas nuevas plataformas audiovisuales 3D así como algunas de sus ventajas y desventajas como plataforma educativa. El estudio de las dinámicas complejas entre avatares y entre el usuario y el propio metaverso nos abren nuevas vías de investigación para el estudio de la educación en el siglo XXI que deben ser exploradas y examinadas por la comunidad educativa y académica por su importancia actual y sus posibles alternativas futuras.   

Como pieza de un rompecabezas: la construcción del paisaje como objeto jurídico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Norma Elizabeth Levrand

2017-01-01

Full Text Available La regulación jurídica del paisaje es relativamente nueva. Concebido a partir de la interrelación entre el hombre y la naturaleza, el derecho lo ha asimilado, en ciertos momentos, a un objeto estático, esencialmente natural. En otro periodo ha aprehendido su dinámica, regulándolo como un objeto híbrido. El paisaje está constituido por un conjunto de bienes y valores que trascienden lo puramente cultural o natural, y se conjugan en la confluencia de ambos elementos. Esta hibridez conlleva dificultades tanto en el punto previo a su regulación, es decir, en la concepción jurídica del paisaje, como al momento de su gobernanza. En este trabajo pretendemos desentrañar la construcción del paisaje como un particular objeto de regulación dentro del campo legal argentino. Para ello, realizaremos una sucinta historiografía de la regulación del paisaje para profundizar en las dos normas de mayor relevancia a nivel internacional (la Convención para la Protección del Patrimonio Mundial, Cultural y Natural de Unesco y el Convenio Europeo del Paisaje aprobado por el Consejo de Europa, a fin de analizar la construcción de este particular objeto y los dispositivos jurídicos para su Gobierno. Culminaremos con una reflexión acerca del proceso de construcción de esta pieza del rompecabezas legal.

MEMORIA VISUAL COMO PARTE DEL PROCESO LECTOR

OpenAIRE

Gamero-Muñiz, Antonia

2013-01-01

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo indagar la relación entre los movimientos sacádicos, velocidad y comprensión lectora y la memoria visual en alumnos de 2ºESO, con el propósito de contribuir a la labor docente en los apoyos del aprendizaje de una correcta lectura y tomando como fundamentación teórica la importancia de la memoria visual en el proceso lector. Se ha seleccionado una muestra de 24 niños y 21 niñas con edades comprendidas entre 13 y 15 años. Se evaluaron los movimientos sacádico...

PARP-1 como regulador del ciclo celular

OpenAIRE

Iglesias Vázquez, Pablo

2015-01-01

En el presente estudio hemos querido investigar las implicaciones biológicas de la interacción PARP-1/E2F-1 en escenarios en los que el factor de transcripción E2F-1 resulta de gran importancia como son el desarrollo embrionario y la oncogénesis. En este respecto, hemos demostrado que tanto PJ34, inhibidor de la actividad enzimática de PARP, como gosipol, inhibidor de las interacciones proteína-proteína, son capaces de reducir la actividad transcripcional de E2F-1 y la proli...

Historia como interrupción del tiempo

OpenAIRE

Aguilera Pedrosa, Antonio

2006-01-01

Frente a un concepto de presente como transición y a otro como repetición, Benjamín elabora uno donde el tiempo se detiene, clave para entender su concepto de historia. La interpretación habitual que separa tiempo histórico de tiempo físico quiere facilitar la comprensión de Benjamin, pero al precio de olvidar ciertas paradojas: la misma detención, la reversibilidad del tiempo, la redención del pasado entero, la invocación de la teología, la posibilidad de un cambio respecto al tiempo natural...

Estudo da difusão da tecnologia móvel celular no Brasil: uma abordagem com o uso de Dinâmica de Sistemas Study of the cellular phone diffusion in Brazil: a system dynamics approach

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Júlio César Bastos de Figueiredo

2009-04-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho apresenta um modelo para estudo da difusão da tecnologia móvel celular. Baseado na teoria de difusão de produtos de Frank Bass (1969, e na metodologia de Dinâmica de Sistemas, o modelo foi aplicado ao caso brasileiro. Como resultado, foi possível reproduzir, com bom grau de aderência, as curvas acumuladas de celulares adotados no Brasil (pós-pagos, pré-pagos e total, bem como a curva de vendas anuais. Os resultados das projeções apontam para uma saturação da penetração de telefones celulares no Brasil por volta do ano de 2013, quando então o mercado deverá atingir um total aproximado de 150 milhões de aparelhos.This work presents a model to study the diffusion of the mobile cell phone technology. Based on the Frank Bass' theory of Products Diffusion (1969, and on the System Dynamics methodology, the model was applied to the Brazilian case. As a result, it was possible to reproduce, with a good degree of adherence, the accumulated curves of cellular adopted in Brazil (post-paid, pre-paid and total, as so the annual sales curve. The projected results indicates a saturation of cell phones diffusion in Brazil around the year 2013, when the market will supposed to reach a total of approximately 150 millions of devices.

Review of potential environmental impacts of transgenic glyphosate-resistant soybean in Brazil.

Science.gov (United States)

Cerdeira, Antonio L; Gazziero, Dionsio L P; Duke, Stephen O; Matallo, Marcus B; Spadotto, Claudio A

2007-01-01

Transgenic glyphosate-resistant soybeans (GRS) have been commercialized and grown extensively in the Western Hemisphere, including Brazil. Worldwide, several studies have shown that previous and potential effects of glyphosate on contamination of soil, water, and air are minimal, compared to those caused by the herbicides that they replace when GRS are adopted. In the USA and Argentina, the advent of glyphosate-resistant soybeans resulted in a significant shift to reduced- and no-tillage practices, thereby significantly reducing environmental degradation by agriculture. Similar shifts in tillage practiced with GRS might be expected in Brazil. Transgenes encoding glyphosate resistance in soybeans are highly unlikely to be a risk to wild plant species in Brazil. Soybean is almost completely self-pollinated and is a non-native species in Brazil, without wild relatives, making introgression of transgenes from GRS virtually impossible. Probably the highest agricultural risk in adopting GRS in Brazil is related to weed resistance. Weed species in GRS fields have shifted in Brazil to those that can more successfully withstand glyphosate or to those that avoid the time of its application. These include Chamaesyce hirta (erva-de-Santa-Luzia), Commelina benghalensis (trapoeraba), Spermacoce latifolia (erva-quente), Richardia brasiliensis (poaia-branca), and Ipomoea spp. (corda-de-viola). Four weed species, Conyza bonariensis, Conyza Canadensis (buva), Lolium multiflorum (azevem), and Euphorbia heterophylla (amendoim bravo), have evolved resistance to glyphosate in GRS in Brazil and have great potential to become problems.

Extrusão de misturas de castanha do Brasil com mandioca Extrusion of Brazil nut and cassava flour mixtures

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Luzenira de Souza

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Considerando-se que a castanha do Brasil apresenta elevado potencial nutritivo, baixo consumo no Brasil, baixo valor agregado e é um produto orgânico, além da alta produtividade, do baixo custo da mandioca e da tecnologia de extrusão termoplástica apresentarem ampla aplicabilidade e vantagens, este trabalho teve como objetivo empregar estas três variáveis, para formular misturas com castanha do Brasil e farinha de mandioca e processá-las por extrusão, visando à obtenção de produtos extrusados ricos em proteína vegetal e prontos para o consumo. Foram utilizadas torta de amêndoa de castanha do Brasil semidesengordurada e farinha de mandioca para formulações das misturas para extrusão. Aplicou-se o delineamento fatorial completo composto central (2³, com 3 variáveis independentes e a metodologia de superfície de resposta foi usada para avaliar os resultados da composição centesimal e o valor calórico, frente às variações de castanha, umidade e temperatura. Os resultados indicam que as formulações com maiores quantidades de castanha apresentam quantidades de proteínas, lipídios e cinzas mais elevadas, já as formulações com menores teores de castanha apresentam maiores percentuais de carboidratos. Os coeficientes de regressão médios do modelo estatístico para as respostas são: umidade 7,40; carboidratos 51,09; proteínas 15,34; lipídios 11,77; fibra total 9,92 e kcal 371,65. Os ensaios com menores teores de castanha e maiores de farinha apresentam-se mais expandidos e de cor clara, enquanto que aqueles com maiores teores de castanha não se expandem e têm a cor acinzentada. Conclui-se que a adição de castanha semidesengordurada à farinha de mandioca pode ser submetida à extrusão, originando um produto extrusado fonte de proteína vegetal, pronto para o consumo e que pode atender à exigência de consumidores que não utilizam proteínas de origem animal.Considering that Brazil nut presents high nutritional

How Brazil turned one public health school into 40

OpenAIRE

2007-01-01

Brazil built its public health education system through the work of the renowned Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, which established courses across the whole country. The courses eventually became the core curriculum for small schools and now Brazil boasts 40 schools of public health. Foundation President Paulo Buss argues that there are ways that resource-poor countries can improve their public health education.

Entomopathogenic nematodes in agricultural areas in Brazil.

Science.gov (United States)

de Brida, Andressa Lima; Rosa, Juliana Magrinelli Osório; Oliveira, Cláudio Marcelo Gonçalves de; Castro, Bárbara Monteiro de Castro E; Serrão, José Eduardo; Zanuncio, José Cola; Leite, Luis Garrigós; Wilcken, Silvia Renata Siciliano

2017-04-06

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) (Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) can control pests due to the mutualistic association with bacteria that kill the host by septicemia and make the environment favorable for EPNs development and reproduction. The diversity of EPNs in Brazilian soils requires further study. The identification of EPNs, adapted to environmental and climatic conditions of cultivated areas is important for sustainable pest suppression in integrated management programs in agricultural areas of Brazil. The objective was to identify EPNs isolated from agricultural soils with annual, fruit and forest crops in Brazil. Soil samples were collected and stored in 250 ml glass vials. The nematodes were isolated from these samples with live bait traps ([Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae]. Infective juveniles were collected with White traps and identified by DNA barcoding procedures by sequencing the D2/D3 expansion of the 28S rDNA region by PCR. EPNs identified in agricultural areas in Brazil were Heterorhabditis amazonensis, Metarhabditis rainai, Oscheios tipulae and Steinernema rarum. These species should be considered pest biocontrol agents in Brazilian agricultural areas.

SMART GRID: Evaluation and Trend in Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ricardo Moreira da Silva

2014-09-01

Full Text Available The Smart Grid is considered the most promising conglomerate of technology to be applied for the improvement and optimization of all power production in electrical engineer. Smart Grid's concept is being more and more recognized for its importance for representing a way to meliorate the energetic efficiency of the electric system, reducing consumption, allowing intensive use of energy generation renewable sources. Therefore, the goal of this article is to explore and present Smart Grid's concepts and its global evolution, so as perform an assessment on Smart Grid's tendencies in Brazil. In order to do this, we shown the concepts of Smart Grid, its benefits and impacts in the electric system's value chain, the barriers to its diffusion in Brazil and the paths of investments' incentives for deployment of the new technology. Accordingly, we reach the conclusion that the researches point to a long and challenging trajectory for the development and implantation of Smart Grid's technology in Brazil, which is still in a embryonic phase of pilot projects for the knowledge and technology development implantation.

Canine vector-borne diseases in Brazil

Science.gov (United States)

Dantas-Torres, Filipe

2008-01-01

Canine vector-borne diseases (CVBDs) are highly prevalent in Brazil and represent a challenge to veterinarians and public health workers, since some diseases are of great zoonotic potential. Dogs are affected by many protozoa (e.g., Babesia vogeli, Leishmania infantum, and Trypanosoma cruzi), bacteria (e.g., Anaplasma platys and Ehrlichia canis), and helminths (e.g., Dirofilaria immitis and Dipylidium caninum) that are transmitted by a diverse range of arthropod vectors, including ticks, fleas, lice, triatomines, mosquitoes, tabanids, and phlebotomine sand flies. This article focuses on several aspects (etiology, transmission, distribution, prevalence, risk factors, diagnosis, control, prevention, and public health significance) of CVBDs in Brazil and discusses research gaps to be addressed in future studies. PMID:18691408

Canine vector-borne diseases in Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dantas-Torres Filipe

2008-08-01

Full Text Available Abstract Canine vector-borne diseases (CVBDs are highly prevalent in Brazil and represent a challenge to veterinarians and public health workers, since some diseases are of great zoonotic potential. Dogs are affected by many protozoa (e.g., Babesia vogeli, Leishmania infantum, and Trypanosoma cruzi, bacteria (e.g., Anaplasma platys and Ehrlichia canis, and helminths (e.g., Dirofilaria immitis and Dipylidium caninum that are transmitted by a diverse range of arthropod vectors, including ticks, fleas, lice, triatomines, mosquitoes, tabanids, and phlebotomine sand flies. This article focuses on several aspects (etiology, transmission, distribution, prevalence, risk factors, diagnosis, control, prevention, and public health significance of CVBDs in Brazil and discusses research gaps to be addressed in future studies.

The future of energy generation sector in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Assis, Gino de

2000-01-01

The importance of energy on the life of modern man is evaluated considering environmental and strategic issues. Energetic crisis that happened on the recent past of Brazil and United States of America are reviewed and analysed in the light of the particular strategic matters of each country. A tentative projection of the profile of the electrical energy generator industry of Brazil is done based on the past experiences, on the present scenario and on the future potentials. (author)

Adult Education in Brazil.

Science.gov (United States)

Ministerio da Educacao e Cultura, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil).

The status and goals of adult education programs in Brazil are discussed in this report. Supplemental systems such as the Brazilian Literacy Movement (Mobral) and their results are described and evaluated. Charts detailing the evolution of literacy are shown and priorities in education are suggested. The progress of other educational entities is…

[Obesity among the poor in Brazil: female vulnerability].

Science.gov (United States)

Ferreira, Vanessa Alves; Magalhães, Rosana

2011-04-01

The increase in obesity among women in the lower income bracket in Brazil has been singled out as a priority issue in the field of Public Health today. Concern about future repercussions of obesity in the less privileged groups calls for an in-depth theoretical approach and the energetic definition of public policy for prevention and control of the affliction in these segments. In this respect, the scope of this work is to attempt to pinpoint some analytical categories in the phenomenon of obesity among the underprivileged female population in Brazil. Biological, socioeconomic and cultural factors appear to interact in the dynamics of female obesity in the context of poverty revealing the complexity of this problem. Public policies of job creation, social inclusion and gender equality in the labor market would appear to be more promising ways of tackling obesity in underprivileged females in Brazil.

Brazil's neglected tropical diseases: an overview and a report card.

Science.gov (United States)

Hotez, Peter J; Fujiwara, Ricardo T

2014-08-01

Today, the nation of Brazil leads the Western Hemisphere in terms of the number of its citizens living with neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). These diseases continue to trap Brazil's "bottom 20 million" in extreme poverty. Copyright © 2014 Institut Pasteur. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Como aquí, allá; como nosotros, ellos: la internacionalización de la precariedad en el ejercicio ciudadano

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Patricia Zamudio Grave

2007-05-01

Full Text Available La universalidad de los derechos humanos ha sido proclamada y reiterada por la comunidad de naciones, desde mediados del siglo veinte. Al mismo tiempo, procesos globalizadores parecen contradecir el derecho de todos los seres humanos a gozar de una vida digna, en todos los aspectos que ésta engloba, tanto en países desarrollados, como en aquéllos en proceso de desarrollo. Este trabajo reflexiona sobre la forma como la migración internacional conecta experiencias de precariedad en el ejercicio de derechos y sus consecuencias para la vida cotidiana de los migrantes.

O neoliberalismo como um dos fundamentos da educação domiciliar

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Romualdo Luiz Portela de Oliveira

Full Text Available Resumo Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o neoliberalismo como um dos fundamentos da educação domiciliar, fenômeno de interesse crescente no Brasil, dada a tentativa de regulamentá-lo no país. Para tanto, foram tomados como referência três autorizados representantes do neoliberalismo: Friedrich Hayek; Milton Friedman e Ludwig von Mises e a reiterada preocupação destes com as liberdades, sobretudo as individuais. O artigo argumenta que o neoliberalismo se apresenta como uma das correntes teóricas que também dá suporte ao homeschooling, tendo como ponto crucial de sua fundamentação a rejeição da compulsoriedade da educação escolar, o que gera fortes implicações para o debate educacional, principalmente como desafios à escola pública compulsória.

NARRATIVAS TRANSMIDIÁTICAS COMO ESTRATÉGIAS PUBLICITÁRIAS

OpenAIRE

Costa, Marcela

2013-01-01

Resumo: O trabalho reflete sobre as narrativas transmidiáticas como estratégiaspublicitárias. Para tal, realizamos um levantamento bibliográfico visandoentender que é uma narrativa, sua estrutura e definir o que são as narrativas transmidáticas. Por fim, analisamos a campanha The Happiness Factory paracompreender se, de fato, as narrativas transmidiáticas têm sido empregadaspela publicidade e como isso ocorre.Palavras-chave: publicidade; narrativa; narrativa transmidiática.Narrativas transmed...

La fenomenología como atavismo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Galán, Iván

2009-04-01

Full Text Available This paper deals with phenomenology as a result of phenomenological freedom in its possibility of understanding a phenomenon as wild phenomenon. From this perspective, we are enabled to transcend established symbolic systems and to pose the question on the existence of a sense which is immature, not-saturated and imperfect without exception.El artículo pretende mostrar la vigencia de la fenomenología como expresión de la libertad fenomenológica, como posibilidad siempre abierta de acceder al fenómeno en cuanto fenómeno puro, registro arquitectónico en el que, saltando por sobre los sistemas simbólicos instituidos, nos es permitido plantear en toda su radicalidad la pregunta por la existencia de un sentido siempre prematuro, no saturado y jamás clausurable.

As origens da rede de serviços de atenção básica no Brasil: o Sistema Distrital de Administração Sanitária The origins of the basic healthcare system in Brazil: the District System of Sanitation Administration

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Eduardo Aguilera Campos

2007-09-01

Full Text Available Múltiplos aspectos relacionados à formulação de políticas, à construção do conhecimento e à implementação das práticas no setor saúde interagem e têm como produto a maneira como se prestam os serviços de saúde em determinado contexto histórico. O surgimento e a consolidação da organização sanitária resultaram de um processo político cujo ideário buscava atender às necessidades segundo um contexto histórico. Analisa-se a trajetória histórica da organização da rede de atenção básica no país tomando-se como referência os seus princípios organizativos e assistenciais, sua expansão em termos físicos e sua função no sistema público de saúde, entre 1918 e 1942. Abordam-se os antecedentes e as iniciativas para se implantar no Rio de Janeiro e, posteriormente, no país um Sistema Distrital de Administração Sanitária, precursor da rede de serviços de atenção básica no Brasil.There exists an interaction between multiple issues involving policy making, the building of knowledge and the implementation of practices in the health sector, which results in the particular way health services are provided in different historical contexts. The emergence and consolidation of sanitation organization was the result of a political process based on an idea of meeting the needs perceived in a given historical context. The historical course taken by the basic healthcare system in Brazil is analyzed from the perspective of its organizational and welfare principles, its expansion in physical terms, and its function within the public health system between 1918 and 1942. The article seeks to describe in detail the antecedents and initiatives taken in the establishment of a district system of sanitation administration, first in Rio de Janeiro and later across Brazil, which was a precursor of the basic healthcare system in Brazil.

Energy trends and the water-energy binomium for Brazil.

Science.gov (United States)

Da Rocha, Gisele O; Dos Anjos, Jeancarlo P; De Andrade, Jailson B

2015-01-01

According to the demands of energy saving and carbon emission reduction, the water vs. energy nexus has become a major concern worldwide. Brazil occupies a singular position in the global energy system. A major portion of the Brazilian occupancies has electricity and the energy system expansion that, at first, possesses adequate means for supporting the economic growing may experience some turnovers. The Brazil determination through alternative fuels was a natural choice, given its large hydropower potential and land agricultural base. In the transportation sector Brazil has developed its energy matrix towards an important rate of ethanol and biodiesel. Although those fuels are low carbon emitter, they may probably not be an affordable alternative regarding land use, food security and water footprint. In this way, considering the recent advances in the exploration of oil from Pre-salt (9-15 million barrels) and the discovery of shale gas wells up to 245 tcf, together to unfavorable social and environmental issues associated to biofuels, the Brazilian energy matrix might turn back to the fossil fuels again. These represent challenges to the Brazilian policymakers and how they will be solved will reflect not only in Brazil but also to the world at large.

ABORTION IN BRAZIL: IMPACTS OF ILLEGALITY IN PUBLIC HEALTH

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vanessa Cruz Santos

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Abortion in Brazil provides public health impacts, mainly due to the high rate of maternal morbidity and mortality, because it most often occurs in an illegal practice and / or unsafe, because of the illegality of abortion in certain situations in the country. Therefore, it is an issue that refers to the various reflections, such as legal, moral, cultural, socio-economic and bioethical. Given the above, the study aims to address about abortion in Brazil and the impacts of illegality in public health. Study of literature review, descriptive and discursive, held in the database SciELO sites and governmental and non-governmental organizations. It was evident that the illegality of abortion in Brazil is harmful to the health of women who resort to unsafe practices and / or illegal, a violation of human rights, the women’s autonomy, as well as providing public health impacts, and sometimes this actually happens because the deficit in quality of care, specifically to sexual and reproductive health, as the actions of Family Planning. It is considered that the way of abortion in Brazil requires modifications, especially with regard to legislative and bioethics conflicts.

Rômulo Almeida e o Brasil desenvolvimentista (1946-1964: ensaio de reinterpretação Rômulo Almeida and developmentalist Brazil (1946-1964: a reinterpretarion

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alexandre de Freitas Barbosa

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Este artigo empreende um esforço de reintrepretação sobre o desenvolvimentismo no Brasil. Procura repensá-lo a partir da tríade estruturante que lhe confere sentido: um consenso ideológico sobre as potencialidades nacionais, um estilo de reflexão sobre o país e uma aposta no planejamento democrático e descentralizado. A política econômica é encarada mais como ferramenta do que um fim em si mesmo. Para tanto, acompanhou-se a trajetória Rômulo Almeida, de modo a traçar o pano de fundo do Brasil desenvolvimentista entre 1946 e 1964. Um esforço de coleta de material inédito produzido pelo economista baiano ao longo dos anos 1970 permitiu mostrar como ele revê sua rica trajetória de servidor público e oferece uma crítica à política econômica da ditadura militar, partindo de um pensamento sistêmico e de uma dialética planejadora. Ao final, são tecidas algumas considerações acerca das possibilidades de emergência de uma nova perspectiva desenvolvimentista para o país no contexto atual.This paper presents a different approach toward the understanding of developmentalism in Brazil. The intention is to shed light on this process through its three distinct aspects: an ideological consensus on national potential, a methodological apparatus for interpreting the social and economic structures of the country, and a belief on a decentralized and democratic style of State planning. In this regard, economic policy is seen rather as a means than as an end in itself. To accomplish this task, Rômulo Almeida's career within state bureaucracy was studied, which makes it possible to interpret the debate around development in Brazil between 1946 and 1964 from a different perspective. The article is the result of a research effort that revealed new documents produced by the author, especially in the 1970's, in which he not only reconsiders his rich trajectory, but also offers a critical approach toward the economic policies put into place

Contesting and Contextualising CITES: Wildlife Trafficking in Colombia and Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

David Rodríguez Goyes

2016-12-01

Full Text Available This article raises the question of whether recently implemented legislation in Colombia and Brazil (1 provides the necessary tools to prevent the harms of wildlife trafficking (WLT and (2 influences humans’ practices concerning the use of nonhuman animals. These questions are investigated from the dual perspectives of green criminology and public policy. The analysis is based on a qualitative empirical study undertaken in Colombia and Brazil whereby we discuss the function of the legislation in Colombia and Brazil in preventing illegal WLT. We consider the legitimacy of different practices of WLT and evaluate them with respect to species justice and environmental justice.

A regional-scale Ocean Health Index for Brazil.

Science.gov (United States)

Elfes, Cristiane T; Longo, Catherine; Halpern, Benjamin S; Hardy, Darren; Scarborough, Courtney; Best, Benjamin D; Pinheiro, Tiago; Dutra, Guilherme F

2014-01-01

Brazil has one of the largest and fastest growing economies and one of the largest coastlines in the world, making human use and enjoyment of coastal and marine resources of fundamental importance to the country. Integrated assessments of ocean health are needed to understand the condition of a range of benefits that humans derive from marine systems and to evaluate where attention should be focused to improve the health of these systems. Here we describe the first such assessment for Brazil at both national and state levels. We applied the Ocean Health Index framework, which evaluates ten public goals for healthy oceans. Despite refinements of input data and model formulations, the national score of 60 (out of 100) was highly congruent with the previous global assessment for Brazil of 62. Variability in scores among coastal states was most striking for goals related to mariculture, protected areas, tourism, and clean waters. Extractive goals, including Food Provision, received low scores relative to habitat-related goals, such as Biodiversity. This study demonstrates the applicability of the Ocean Health Index at a regional scale, and its usefulness in highlighting existing data and knowledge gaps and identifying key policy and management recommendations. To improve Brazil's ocean health, this study suggests that future actions should focus on: enhancing fisheries management, expanding marine protected areas, and monitoring coastal habitats.

Consumer choice between ethanol and gasoline: Lessons from Brazil and Sweden

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pacini, Henrique, E-mail: henrique.pacini@energy.kth.se; Silveira, Semida, E-mail: semida.silveira@energy.kth.se

2011-11-15

The introduction of flex-fuel vehicles since 2003 has made possible for Brazilian drivers to choose between high ethanol blends or gasoline depending on relative prices and fuel economies. In Sweden, flex-fuel fleets were introduced in 2005. Prices and demand data were examined for both Brazil and Sweden. Bioethanol has been generally the most cost-efficient fuel in Brazil, but not for all states. In any case, consumers in Brazil have opted for ethanol even when this was not the optimal economic choice. In Sweden, a different behavior was observed when falling gasoline prices made E85 uneconomical in late 2008. In a context of international biofuels expansion, the example of E85 in Sweden indicates that new markets could experience different consumer behavior than Brazil: demand falls rapidly with reduced price differences between ethanol and gasoline. At the same time, rising ethanol demand and lack of an international market with multiple biofuel producers could lead to higher domestic prices in Brazil. Once the limit curve is crossed, the consumer might react by shifting back to the usage of gasoline. - Research Highlights: > Brazil and Sweden both have infrastructure for high fuel ethanol blends. > Flex-fuel vehicles enable competition between ethanol and gasoline in fuel markets. > Data suggests that consumers make their fuel choice based mainly on prices. > Consumers in Sweden appear to be more price-sensitive than their Brazilian counterparts. > In the absence of international markets, high ethanol prices may drive consumers back to gasoline.

Antimicrobial resistance in Enterobacteriaceae in Brazil: focus on β-lactams and polymyxins.

Science.gov (United States)

Sampaio, Jorge Luiz Mello; Gales, Ana Cristina

2016-12-01

During the last 30 years there has been a dissemination of plasmid-mediated β-lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae in Brazil. Extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) are widely disseminated in the hospital setting and are detected in a lower frequency in the community setting. Cefotaximases are the most frequently detected ESBL type and Klebsiella pneumoniae is the predominant species among ESBL producers. Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae became widely disseminated in Brazil during the last decade and KPC production is currently the most frequent resistance mechanism (96.2%) in carbapenem resistant K. pneumoniae. To date KPC-2 is the only variant reported in Brazil. Polymyxin B resistance in KPC-2-producing K. pneumoniae has come to an alarming rate of 27.1% in 2015 in São Paulo, the largest city in Brazil. New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase was detected in Brazil in 2013, has been reported in different Brazilian states but are not widely disseminated. Antimicrobial resistance in Enterobacteriaceae in Brazil is a very serious problem that needs urgent actions which includes both more strict adherence to infection control measures and more judicious use of antimicrobials. Copyright © 2016 Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.

An overview of migratory birds in Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marina Somenzari

2018-03-01

Full Text Available Abstract We reviewed the occurrences and distributional patterns of migratory species of birds in Brazil. A species was classified as migratory when at least part of its population performs cyclical, seasonal movements with high fidelity to its breeding grounds. Of the 1,919 species of birds recorded in Brazil, 198 (10.3% are migratory. Of these, 127 (64% were classified as Migratory and 71 (36% as Partially Migratory. A few species (83; 4.3% were classified as Vagrant and eight (0,4% species could not be defined due to limited information available, or due to conflicting data.

Dipylidium caninum (Cyclophyllidea, Dipylidiidae) in a wild carnivore from Brazil.

Science.gov (United States)

Vieira, Fabiano M; Luque, José L; Lima, Sueli de Souza; Neto, Antonio H A de Moraes; Muniz-Pereira, Luís C

2012-01-01

We report Dipylidium caninum for the first time in a wild carnivore in Brazil, the crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous). Presence of the cestode could be the consequence of anthropogenic expansion into natural habitats of this host, as this parasite has only previously been reported in domestic hosts in Brazil.

Bridging the Atlantic : Brazil and Sub-Saharan Africa, South–South Partnering for Growth

OpenAIRE

World Bank

2012-01-01

Bridging the Atlantic is a descriptive study of Brazil's involvement with counterparts in Sub-Saharan Africa through knowledge exchange, trade, and investments. The objective of the study is to understand these relations better with the intent to forge concrete and mutually beneficial partnerships between Brazil and Sub-Saharan Africa. Brazil and Sub-Saharan Africa are natural partners, wi...

Sex-mediated herbivory by galling insects on Baccharis concinna (Asteraceae Herbivoria por insetos galhadores mediada pelo sexo em Baccharis concinna (Asteraceae

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marco Antonio A. Carneiro

2006-09-01

Full Text Available The interaction patterns between the dioecious shrub Baccharis concinna Barroso (Asteraceae and its speciose galling insect community were studied in southeastern Brazil. Two hypotheses were tested in this study: "the differential reproduction and growth hypothesis" that predicts that male plants present fewer reproductive structures and are larger than female plants; and the 'sex-biased herbivory hypothesis' that predicts that male plants support a larger abundance of insect galls than female plants. Plants did not show sexual dimorphism in growth (= mean leaf number. However, male plants had longer shoots and a lower average number of inflorescences than female plants. These results corroborate the hypothesis that male plants grow more and reproduce less than female plants. No statistically significant difference was found in the number of galls between male and female plants, but a sex by environmental effect on gall number was detected. When each species of galling insect was individually analyzed per population of the host plant, the rates of attack varied between sex and population of the host plant, and they were highly variable among the species of galling insects. These results highlight the importance of the interaction between sex and environment in the community structure of galling insects and indicate that other variables besides host sex may influence the patterns of attack by galling herbivores.Os padrões de interação entre o arbusto dióico Baccharis concinna Barroso (Asteraceae e sua diversa comunidade de insetos galhadores foram estudados na região sudeste do Brasil. Duas hipóteses foram testadas neste estudo: "a hipótese do crescimento e reprodução diferenciais", que prevê que plantas masculinas apresentam menos estruturas reprodutivas e são maiores do que plantas femininas; e a "hipótese da herbivoria mediada pelo sexo" que prevê que plantas masculinas sustentam uma maior abundância de insetos galhadores do que

Cyclotron facilities in Brazil: Current status and licensing aspects

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Facure, A.; Carvalho, S.M.; Di Prinzio, R.; Silveira, C.S.; Gasparian, P.B.R.; Franca, W.F.

2017-01-01

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a highly sensitive and accurate nuclear medicine imaging technology but the major problem of this technique is the use of radioisotopes with short half-life, less than two hours. The production and selling of short half-life radioisotopes used to be monopoly of the Brazilian Government. In 2006, a Constitutional Amendment revoked the state monopoly due to the need for the use of short half-life radioisotopes in nuclear medicine centers very far from the government production facilities. The aim of this study is to describe the current status of short half-life radioisotopes production in Brazil and discuss some licensing process. In Brazil, as has been occurring worldwide, the number of nuclear medicine centers is increasing. Currently there are 123 services performing PET scans in Brazil. There are 14 cyclotrons operating in Brazil. The type of licensing process conducted in Brazil does not take into account the population density of each state, with a free competition model being adopted. Because of this there is a lot of equipment concentrated in the Southeast and no cyclotrons operating in the Northern part of the country. One of the biggest obstacles during the licensing process is the designation of qualified personnel as operation workers and radiation safety officers. The number of cyclotron accelerators and PET/CT equipment increased in recent years. However, a number of external factors such as the distance from the nuclear medicine centers, and qualified personnel have proved crucial for the economic viability of this type of facility. (author)

Cyclotron facilities in Brazil: Current status and licensing aspects

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Facure, A.; Carvalho, S.M.; Di Prinzio, R.; Silveira, C.S.; Gasparian, P.B.R.; Franca, W.F., E-mail: facure@cnen.gov.br [Comissao Nacional de Energia Nuclear (CNEN), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

2017-09-01

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a highly sensitive and accurate nuclear medicine imaging technology but the major problem of this technique is the use of radioisotopes with short half-life, less than two hours. The production and selling of short half-life radioisotopes used to be monopoly of the Brazilian Government. In 2006, a Constitutional Amendment revoked the state monopoly due to the need for the use of short half-life radioisotopes in nuclear medicine centers very far from the government production facilities. The aim of this study is to describe the current status of short half-life radioisotopes production in Brazil and discuss some licensing process. In Brazil, as has been occurring worldwide, the number of nuclear medicine centers is increasing. Currently there are 123 services performing PET scans in Brazil. There are 14 cyclotrons operating in Brazil. The type of licensing process conducted in Brazil does not take into account the population density of each state, with a free competition model being adopted. Because of this there is a lot of equipment concentrated in the Southeast and no cyclotrons operating in the Northern part of the country. One of the biggest obstacles during the licensing process is the designation of qualified personnel as operation workers and radiation safety officers. The number of cyclotron accelerators and PET/CT equipment increased in recent years. However, a number of external factors such as the distance from the nuclear medicine centers, and qualified personnel have proved crucial for the economic viability of this type of facility. (author)

Neutron radiography in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rogers, J.D.

1983-01-01

Neutron radiography studies being carried out in reactor centres in Brazil are discussed. These research projects are under way using the 5 MW swimming pool reactor at the Institute of Energy and Nuclear Research (IPEN) in Sao Paulo and the Argonaut reactor at the Institute of Nuclear Engineering (IEN) in Rio de Janeiro. (Auth.)

Epidemiologia do uso de álcool no Brasil Epidemiology of alcohol use in Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Carlos F Galduróz

2004-05-01

Full Text Available Os autores descrevem os trabalhos epidemiológicos sobre o álcool, mais recentes e significativos, conduzidos no Brasil nos últimos anos. Buscou-se traçar o panorama do consumo de álcool no país por meio da análise dos levantamentos populacionais (pesquisas domiciliares, uso de drogas entre estudantes, meninos de rua e indicadores estatísticos (internações hospitalares por dependências, dados do Instituto Médico Legal, acidentes de trânsito relacionados e informações de vendas de bebidas alcoólicas. A análise dos dados apresentados neste artigo sugere dois pontos fundamentais: há a necessidade de se dar mais ênfase aos estudos epidemiológicos no Brasil, não só com a ampliação como também a renovação sistemática dessas pesquisas. O álcool, certamente, contribui fortemente na etiologia e manutenção de vários problemas sociais, econômicos e de saúde enfrentados em nosso país.The authors describe the most recent and significant epidemiological studies on alcohol conducted in Brazil in the last years. The aim was to outline the pattern of alcohol consumption in the country through the analysis of population surveys (household surveys, drug abuse among students, homeless children and statistical indicators (hospital admissions for addictions, data from the Institute of Forensic Medicine, related traffic accidents and information on sales of alcoholic beverages. The analysis of the data presented in this article suggests two basic points: greater emphasis should be laid on epidemiological studies in Brazil, through increasing the scope of research, as well as its systematic updating. Alcohol certainly has a strong influence in the etiology and maintenance of several social, economic and health problems faced in our country.

3 CFR - Provision of U.S. Drug Interdiction Assistance to the Government of Brazil

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... the Government of Brazil Presidential Documents Other Presidential Documents Presidential... Brazil Memorandum for the Secretary of State [and] the Secretary of Defense Pursuant to the authority... (22 U.S.C. 2291-4), I hereby certify, with respect to Brazil, that (1) interdiction of aircraft...

El Sistema Penal como Instrumento de Control Social: El Papel del Encarcelamiento

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kelly Ribeiro Felix de Souza

2015-12-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el sistema penal con el fin de encontrar elementos capaces de entenderlo como una técnica de control social de los considerados indeseables para la vida en sociedad. Adoptando como marco teórico la criminología crítica, más especificamente las contribuciones de autores como Massimo Pavarini y Michel Foucault, así como el método de investigación dialéctico, se busca, desde un enfoque jurídico y sociológico, indicar las transformaciones del poder disciplinario hasta su diseño actual, así como demostrar sus relaciones con uno de los principales instrumentos del poder punitivo hoy en día - la privación de libertad. En este sentido, parece que la selectividad del ejercicio del poder punitivo se muestra como un importante instrumento de control social de los excluidos.

Application of Physically based landslide susceptibility models in Brazil

Science.gov (United States)

Carvalho Vieira, Bianca; Martins, Tiago D.

2017-04-01

Shallow landslides and floods are the processes responsible for most material and environmental damages in Brazil. In the last decades, some landslides events induce a high number of deaths (e.g. Over 1000 deaths in one event) and incalculable social and economic losses. Therefore, the prediction of those processes is considered an important tool for land use planning tools. Among different methods the physically based landslide susceptibility models having been widely used in many countries, but in Brazil it is still incipient when compared to other ones, like statistical tools and frequency analyses. Thus, the main objective of this research was to assess the application of some Physically based landslide susceptibility models in Brazil, identifying their main results, the efficiency of susceptibility mapping, parameters used and limitations of the tropical humid environment. In order to achieve that, it was evaluated SHALSTAB, SINMAP and TRIGRS models in some studies in Brazil along with the Geotechnical values, scales, DEM grid resolution and the results based on the analysis of the agreement between predicted susceptibility and the landslide scar's map. Most of the studies in Brazil applied SHALSTAB, SINMAP and to a lesser extent the TRIGRS model. The majority researches are concentrated in the Serra do Mar mountain range, that is a system of escarpments and rugged mountains that extends more than 1,500 km along the southern and southeastern Brazilian coast, and regularly affected by heavy rainfall that generates widespread mass movements. Most part of these studies used conventional topographic maps with scales ranging from 1:2000 to 1:50000 and DEM-grid resolution between 2 and 20m. Regarding the Geotechnical and hydrological values, a few studies use field collected data which could produce more efficient results, as indicated by international literature. Therefore, even though they have enormous potential in the susceptibility mapping, even for comparison

Transgênicos e percepção pública da ciência no Brasil GMOs and the public perception of science in Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Julia S. Guivant

2006-06-01

Full Text Available Este artigo tem como objetivo a análise de pesquisas sobre percepções de consumidores, produtores, cidadãos em relação ao uso de alimentos transgênicos, estabelecendo comparações entre as desenvolvidas no Brasil, na Europa, na Ásia e nos Estados Unidos. Tais pesquisas têm passado a desempenhar um papel central nos debates sobre seus riscos tanto entre os setores a seu favor quanto aos que se manifestam contrários a tal uso. Um dos argumentos centrais deste trabalho é que no Brasil há uma significante carência de dados sobre tal percepção pública. A falta de pesquisas, ou seu número limitadíssimo é aqui considerado uma evidência para caracterizar a trajetória da polêmica no Brasil, com uma significativa ausência de participação pública nos debates sobre transgênicos. Estes giram em torno de atores sociais organizados, que atuam sem ou com parcial representatividade. Também o número limitado de pesquisas expõe os limites da área de marketing, ainda assumindo no Brasil uma perspectiva positivista sobre o consumidor. E, por último, consideramos que podemos relacionar a falta de informação com a falta de problematização no espaço acadêmico sobre os conflitos ou consensos entre conhecimentos peritos e leigos quando estão em questão inovações tecnológicas que envolvem riscos incertos. Na primeira parte focalizamos nas pesquisas realizadas no contexto brasileiro, escolhendo as que passaram a ser destacadas como apóio a argumentos a favor ou contra os transgênicos entre os principais atores sociais envolvidos no debate. Na segunda parte consideramos as pesquisas realizadas em outros paises. Na terceira parte analisamos os limites e vantagens das diferentes pesquisas aqui selecionadas como representativas, o que nos permite nas conclusões formular sugestões para pesquisas de opinião pública no Brasil não só sobre transgenicos, mas também sobre percepção publica da ciência.This article has as its

A cena constituinte da psicose maníaco-depressiva no Brasil The emergence of manic depressive psychosis as a diagnosis in Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Joel Birman

2010-12-01

Full Text Available A intenção deste ensaio é esboçar a leitura da psicose maníaco-depressiva no Brasil, no começo do século XX. Destaca a transformação teórica ocorrida na psiquiatria brasileira, que se deslocou da tradição francesa para a alemã. Sublinha o modo como a problemática da histeria foi substituída pela da psicose maníaco-depressiva nesse contexto histórico.This essay examines the early twentieth-century interpretation of manic depressive psychosis in Brazil, during a moment when Brazilian psychiatry witnessed a theoretical shift from the French to German traditions. It calls special attention to how the problem of hysteria was replaced by manic depressive psychosis within this historical context.

Normas e redistribuição: um estudo sobre condicionantes internacionais das políticas de combate ao racismo no Brasil Norms and redistribution: a case study of international influences over policies against racial discrimination in Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rodrigo de Oliveira Godinho

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Neste artigo, examina-se como a exposição do Estado a normas internacionais pode condicionar a implementação de políticas redistributivas, a partir de estudo de caso relativo ao combate à discriminação racial no Brasil, no período 1995-2005. Conclui que o processo de preparação e de seguimento da Conferência de Durban teria viabilizado equilíbrio propício à implementação de políticas de ação afirmativa.This paper analyzes how the State acceptance of international norms may influence the implementation of redistributive policies, based on a case study of policies against racial discrimination in Brazil, from 1995 to 2005. It argues that the preparation of and the follow-up to the Durban Conference would have increased the political feasibility of affirmative action policies in Brazil.

La docencia como práctica profesional

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Martínez de Acosta Carmen H.

1993-12-01

Full Text Available

No es fácil determinar si la actividad docente corresponde o no a una modalidad de práctica, rol, área de desempeño o ejercicio profesional como indiscriminadamente se denomina a las diferentes formas del quehacer de enfermería. Uno de los conceptos básicos de sociología es el de rol. El rol consiste en las conductas cumplidas o conductas percibidas como aceptables, referidas a una situación dada. La identificación de un rol se alcanza por medio de un proceso mutuo de validación y socialización profesional.

Trabalho como subsistência nos hospitais públicos brasileiros Trabajo como subsistencia en hospitales publicos brasileños Work as subsistence in Brazilian public hospitlas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Helena Heidtmann Vaghetti

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Trata-se de uma pesquisa de revisão que objetivou re-interpretar a interpretação de autores de teses e dissertações sobre os significados expressos por trabalhadores da saúde, acerca das relações de subsistência com o seu trabalho, na cultura organizacional de hospitais públicos brasileiros. A investigação ocorreu a partir de teses e dissertações produzidas em programas de pós-graduação (2002/2006. O referencial teórico-metodológico apoiou-se na antropologia interpretativa defendida por Clifford Geertz. Os resultados apontam que as relações de subsistência conduzem à alienação do trabalho e a remuneração gera insatisfação econômica que alavanca a necessidade de outros empregos. A estabilidade no trabalho alimenta o descomprometimento e ações que estimulam a transgressão de normas e facilitam os autogovernos em hospitais públicos brasileiros.Se trató de una revisión que objetivó re-interpretar la interpretación de los autores de tesis y disertaciones sobre los significados de las relaciones de subsistencia entre los trabajadores de la salud y su trabajo en la cultura organizacional de los hospitales públicos brasileños. La investigación fue realizada a partir de tesis y disertaciones producidas en programas de posgraduación (2002/2006. Como referencial teórico metodológico se empleó la antropología interpretativa defendida por Clifford Geertz. Los resultados señalan que las relaciones de subsistencia se concilian con la alienación del trabajo y que la remuneración es símbolo de insatisfacción económica traducida en una cultura de múltiples empleos. La estabilidad laboral alimenta la falta de compromiso con el trabajo, favoreciendo la transgresión de normas por los autogobiernos.That was a review study that aimed to analyze the interpretations that authors of dissertations and thesis about the meanings expressed by health workers, about the relations of subsistence with the job, in the

Literatura de cordel como meio de promoção para o aleitamento materno Literatura de cordel como medio de promoción a la lactancia materna String literature as a mean to promote breastfeeding

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paula Marciana Pinheiro Oliveira

2008-06-01

Full Text Available A poesia popular impressa, também denominada literatura de cordel, é considerada pelo povo nordestino importante expressão cultural. Folhetos sobre a amamentação são pertinentes na medida em que podem contribuir para a educação da população sobre este assunto. Objetivou-se: analisar mensagens transmitidas e linguagem adotada nos folhetos que abordem o tema da amamentação. Estudo documental, descritivo, exploratório, de caráter analítico, realizado mediante a busca sistemática de folhetos de cordel disponíveis em praças públicas de Fortaleza-CE. Foram coletados 34 folhetos. Destes, 20 abordaram temas de saúde e um retratou a amamentação. A análise deste cordel revelou que a amamentação é necessária tanto à mãe como ao bebê, trazendo benefícios mútuos. Portanto, este recurso impresso deve ser visto como significativo material de educação em saúde que o profissional pode utilizar com nutrizes.La poesía popular impresa, también denominada literatura de cordel, es considerada por el pueblo del Nordeste de Brasil como importante expresión cultural. Cuadernillos sobre la lactancia son pertinentes en la medida en que pueden contribuir a la educación de la población sobre esta cuestión. La finalidad fue: analizar mensajes transmitidas y lenguaje adoptada en los cuadernillos que tratan del tema de la lactancia. Estudio documental, descriptivo, exploratorio, de carácter analítico, realizado mediante la búsqueda sistemática de cuadernillos de cordel disponibles en plazas públicas de Fortaleza CE. Fueron recolectados 34 cuadernillos. De estos, veinte tratáron de temas de salud y uno mostró la lactancia. El análisis de este cordel reveló que la lactancia es necesaria tanto a la madre cuanto al bebé, trayendo beneficios mutuos. Por lo tanto, este recurso impreso debe ser visto como significativo material de educación en salud que el profesional puede utilizar con nutrices.Printed popular poetry, also called

Identification of a non-host plant of Xylella fastidiosa to rear healthy sharpshooter vectors Identificação de uma planta não-hospedeira de Xylella fastidiosa para criação de insetos vetores sadios

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rosangela Cristina Marucci

2003-12-01

Full Text Available Rearing leafhopper (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae vectors free of Xylella fastidiosa is a requirement for studies of various aspects of vector-pathogen interactions. The selection of a plant that allows vector development but not bacterial multiplication is desirable to produce healthy vectors. In this study, two leafhopper hosts, Vernonia condensata ('boldo' and Aloysia virgata ('lixeira' were needle inoculated with citrus and coffee strains of X. fastidiosa to evaluate if these plants support pathogen colonization. The inoculated plants did not present symptoms and the pathogen was not detected by culture and PCR tests, neither soon after inoculation (7-14 days nor later, at 1, 4, 6 and 12 months after inoculation. To obtain healthy adults of the leafhopper vectors Acrogonia citrina, Bucephalogonia xanthophis, Dilobopterus costalimai, Homalodisca ignorata and Oncometopia facialis, early-instar nymphs were reared on V. condensata. X. fastidiosa was not detected in any of 175 adults obtained. V. condensata and A. virgata are nonpropagative hosts of X. fastidiosa and enable the production of healthy leafhoppers for vector studies.A obtenção de cigarrinhas (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae livres de Xylella fastidiosa é importante para estudos de interação entre essa bactéria e seus vetores, sendo desejável a seleção de uma planta que permita a criação desses insetos, mas não a multiplicação da bactéria. Neste estudo, duas plantas hospedeiras de cigarrinhas, Vernonia condensata (boldo e Aloysia virgata (lixeira, foram inoculadas por agulha com as estirpes de citros e de cafeeiro de X. fastidiosa, para avaliar a possibilidade deste patógeno colonizá-las. Não foram observados sintomas, nem se detectou a bactéria por isolamento em meio de cultura e/ou PCR em períodos curtos (7 e 14 dias ou longos (1, 4, 6 e 12 meses após a inoculação. Para obtenção de adultos sadios das cigarrinhas vetoras, Acrogonia citrina, Bucephalogonia xanthophis

Proceedings of the 3. Workshop on Nuclear Physics in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1980-01-01

This publication is the final report of the III Workshop on Nuclear Physics in Brazil. Many works were presented on the fields related to Nuclear Physics. It was organized some work groups which discussed the following topics: Perspectivas of Nuclear Physics in Brazil, Personnel Formation and Related Instrumentation. (A.C.A.S.) [pt

Properties of Brazil nuts: A review | Kluczkovski | African Journal of ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Brazil nut is a seed with high nutritional value and of great economic importance to the Northern region of Brazil. In addition to enabling direct consumption, its nutritional potential enables the development of various products. Among its nutrients, emphasis is given to the amino acid-rich proteins, lipid content and selenium, ...

Shared decision making in Brazil: history and current discussion.

Science.gov (United States)

Abreu, Mirhelen Mendes de; Battisti, Raphael; Martins, Rachel Samhan; Baumgratz, Thiago Dias; Cuziol, Mirella

2011-01-01

There is no SDM in clinical practice in Brazil. The first steps have been taken towards research and tool development recently. Likewise, our society is starting to get involved with decision making in health care. This paper aims to offer an overview of the Brazilian health system history, its values, and its influence on SDM. The participative social control concept is introduced as a result of the movement against the dictatorship era. In addition, the influence of social changes on the Medical Ethical Code is delineated. SDM state of the art in Brazil is also discussed and the challenges to implement it on clinical practice are described. Regardless the challenges, it is possible to make a positive assessment of SDM in Brazil. 2011. Published by Elsevier GmbH.

Plant poisonings in livestock in Brazil and South Africa

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mary-Louise Penrith

2015-03-01

Full Text Available Information on intoxication of livestock by plants in Brazil, in terms of cause, clinical signs and pathology, is compared with information on livestock poisoning by plants in South Africa. Plant poisoning, including mycotoxicosis, is considered to be one of three major causes of death in livestock in Brazil, which is one of the top beef producing countries in the world, with a cattle population of more than 200 million. Cattle production in South Africa is on a more modest scale, but with some 600 species of plants and fungi known to cause toxicity in livestock, as opposed to some 130 species in Brazil, the risk to livestock in South Africa appears to be much greater. The comparisons discussed in this communication are largely restricted to ruminants.

Natural variation of selenium in Brazil nuts and soils from the Amazon region.

Science.gov (United States)

Silva Junior, E C; Wadt, L H O; Silva, K E; Lima, R M B; Batista, K D; Guedes, M C; Carvalho, G S; Carvalho, T S; Reis, A R; Lopes, G; Guilherme, L R G

2017-12-01

Brazil nut tree (Bertholletia excelsa) is native of the Amazon rainforest. Brazil nuts are consumed worldwide and are known as the richest food source of selenium (Se). Yet, the reasoning for such Se contents is not well stablished. We evaluated the variation in Se concentration of Brazil nuts from Brazilian Amazon basin, as well as soil properties, including total Se concentration, of the soils sampled directly underneath the trees crown, aiming to investigate which soil properties influence Se accumulation in the nuts. The median Se concentration in Brazil nuts varied from 2.07 mg kg - 1 (in Mato Grosso state) to 68.15 mg kg - 1 (in Amazonas state). Therefore, depending on its origin, a single Brazil nut could provide from 11% (in the Mato Grosso state) up to 288% (in the Amazonas state) of the daily Se requirement for an adult man (70 μg). The total Se concentration in the soil also varied considerably, ranging from Brazil nuts generally increased in soils with higher total Se content, but decreased under acidic conditions in the soil. This indicates that, besides total soil Se concentration, soil acidity plays a major role in Se uptake by Brazil nut trees, possibly due to the importance of this soil property to Se retention in the soil. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

El dictado como tarea comunicativa

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daniel Cassany

2004-01-01

Full Text Available El artículo explora las utilidades didácticas del dictado (la práctica comunicativa de oralizar o leer en voz alta un escrito para el aprendizaje funcional de una lengua materna o extranjera, en los diversos niveles de enseñanza. Después de criticar el uso tradicional de este ejercicio lingüístico, presentamos once formas diferentes de desarrollar un dictado en clase, con sus particulares contenidos, objetivos y metodologías. También analizamos con detalle la técnica más tradicional del dictado magistral, en la que el docente dicta palabra por palabra un texto al alumnado, poniendo énfasis en la ortografía; ofrecemos algunas orientaciones para incrementar el componente comunicativo de esta propuesta. Las conclusiones finales proponen entender esta técnica como un recurso metodológico variado, rico y sugerente, adaptado a cada situación de aprendizaje —y no como una práctica obligatoria y fosilizada.

Serologic detection of coccidioidomycosis antibodies in northeast Brazil.

Science.gov (United States)

Cordeiro, Rossana de Aguiar; Fechine, Maria Auxiliadora Bezerra; Brilhante, Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira; Rocha, Marcos Fábio Gadelha; da Costa, Ana Karoline Freire; Nagao, Maria Aparecida Tiemi Dias; de Camargo, Zoilo Pires; Sidrim, José Júlio Costa

2009-04-01

Coccidioidomycosis is a systemic infection caused by Coccidioides spp. The disease is endemic in Brazil but its incidence is underreported as it is not a notifiable disease. This article presents the results of a serologic survey carried out with 229 volunteers in northeast Brazil by the immunodiffusion (ID) test with commercial Coccidioides spp. antigens. The commercial ID test detected 15 individuals without clinical diagnosis of the disease and two individuals in treatment for coccidioidomycosis. Regarding the epidemiological data, most of the positive individuals were male, between 18 and 65 years of age and were engaged in armadillo hunting. Three women who had never participated in armadillo hunts also displayed positive results for coccidioidal antibodies. Besides armadillo hunts, exposure to environmental dust in endemic areas may account for the serologic response detected in the study. The data from this study suggest the importance of performing epidemiological surveys for coccidioidomycosis in order to understand the prevalence of this disease in Brazil.

Uranium enrichment by jet nozzle separation process in the German-Brazil cooperation program

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Becker, E.W.

1991-01-01

It presents a lecture on technical and commercial aspects of uranium isotopic enrichment by the Get Lozzle Method in Brazil. The analysis is presented regarding the context of bilateral agreement German-Brazil it discusses the technical problems of a demonstration plant design as well as the commercial exportation viability of enriched uranium produced in Brazil by the Jet Nozzle Method. (author)

Profissão Auditor Independente no Brasil: percepção dos contadores registrados nos CRCs = Independent auditor career in brazil: perception from CRC registered accountants

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Renato Madruga Borges Veiga

2014-08-01

Full Text Available O objetivo geral da pesquisa é identificar qual a percepção dos contadores sobre a carreira de auditor independente no Brasil, com vistas a relacionar as determinantes da carência de profissionais no mercado brasileiro, apontada em pesquisas anteriores. Indispensáveis no exame e asseguração das Demonstrações Contábeis, em 2011 os auditores independentes certificaram R$ 1,8 trilhão do PL das companhias abertas no Brasil, o equivalente a 45% do PIB brasileiro do mesmo ano. Dessa forma, mostra-se necessário atentar para a realidade dessa profissão significativa dentro do atual cenário desafiador da contabilidade. O estudo caracterizou-se como do tipo exploratório e descritivo, com o uso do método de levantamento de dados survey e operacionalizado por meio de questionário e estudo bibliográfico e documental. Encaminhou-se por meio dos CRCs questionários a contadores com registros ativos, obtendo-se 661 respostas de todas as regiões brasileiras. Como resultado da pesquisa tem-se que 81% dos contadores acreditam haver carência de auditores no Brasil. O principal fator apontado como estimulante para a carreira foi a diversidade de conhecimento e experiências adquiridas na profissão (57%. Entretanto, a falta de estímulo durante o curso de Ciências Contábeis (44% e a falta de conhecimento a respeito da profissão (38% foram apontadas como um desestímulo. Diante do exposto, os resultados sugerem que uma parceria mais efetiva entre as universidades e as firmas de auditoria poderá resultar em aumento na busca pela carreira de auditor, já que 78% dos respondentes demonstraram ter interesse pela profissão. The object of this research is to identify the accountants’ perception on the independent auditor career in Brazil, in order to relate the deciding factors of the lack of Independent Auditors in Brazilian market brought in previous researches. Essential in the exam and assurance of Accounting Statements, in 2011 the

Brazil | IDRC - International Development Research Centre

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

IDRC-supported research in Brazil has informed policy debates on a variety of issues, including democracy, economic growth, health, social services, innovation, ... earthquake, including food security and public-private sector partnerships.

Pegada Hídrica como Indicador de Sustentabilidade Ambiental1

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kettrin Farias Bem Maracajá

2012-08-01

Full Text Available O conceito de pegada hídrica tem sido recentemente introduzido como um importante indicador do consumo de água humano, na tentativa de minimizar os impactos ambientais. Esse trabalho aborda o conceito da pegada hídrica como um indicador de sustentabilidade, com vistas o uso racional dos recursos hídricos. Nos últimos anos, a escassez de alguns recursos naturais vem sendo bastante discutido em todo o mundo e quanto à água a preocupação é ainda maior em face do uso desordenado na irrigação, bem como pela poluição da água potável através da indústria e agricultura. Partindo dessa análise, a pegada hídrica surge como um indicador de sustentabilidade da água doce em seus diferentes tipos de consumo para que seja utilizada de forma consciente. Com base na revisão da literatura sobre o tema abordado, conclui-se que para a redução da pegada hídrica se deve tomar medidas de controle do uso direto e indireto da água doce principalmente na agricultura irrigada.

Brazil on the Rise: Implications on U.S. Policies

Science.gov (United States)

2012-04-01

such as NAFTA , South America as a whole was relatively excluded from such discussions. Actions such as these would leave an opening for future...currently constitutes 25 percent of Brazil’s total gas consumption. 27 Other shared U.S.-Brazilian interests include the increasingly tense...to Brazil constituted 70% of this type of aid provided to all of Latin America during WWII. Joseph Smith, Brazil and the United States: Convergence

LA CTE "OTTO PARELLADA" (TALLAPIEDRA COMO BASE MATERIAL DE ESTUDIO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alberto E Calvo González

2011-03-01

Full Text Available Se presenta el análisis de las posibilidades que tiene la CTE" Otto Parellada" como elemento fundamental en la formación de ingenieros electricistas, así como para otras especialidades.Se expone el modo en que actualmente se le aprovecha para la carrera de Ingeniería Eléctrica en ladisciplina de Centrales Termoeléctricas, así como para la carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica en la asignatura homónimadel 1er. año. Se exponen otras posibilidades de la planta que podrían ser explotadas aún por otras carreras comoArquitectura, al tener características que la avalan como Patrimonio Industrial.  In this paper is presented the analysis of the possibilities like fundamental element that Otto Parellada SteamPower Plant has for the electrical, as well as other specialties engineers' syllabus. The way that at present time isused for the electrical engineers education, in the thermal engineering subjects is exposed, as well as for themechanical engineering in the 1st year. Other possibilities of the plant that could still be exploited by otherscareers like architecture, due to the characteristic that endorse it as Industrial Patrimony are also exposed.

Variation morphogeometrics of Africanized honey bees (Apis mellifera in Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lorena A. Nunes

2012-09-01

Full Text Available The morphometrics of the honey bee Apis mellifera L., 1758 has been widely studied mainly because this species has great ecological importance, high adaptation capacity, wide distribution and capacity to effectively adapt to different regions. The current study aimed to investigate the morphometric variations of wings and pollen baskets of honey bees Apis mellifera scutellata Lepeletier, 1836 from the five regions in Brazil. We used geometric morphometrics to identify the existence of patterns of variations of shape and size in Africanized honey bees in Brazil 16 years after the classic study with this species, allowing a temporal and spatial comparative analysis using new technological resources to assess morphometrical data. Samples were collected in 14 locations in Brazil, covering the five geographical regions of the country. The shape analysis and multivariate analyses of the wing allowed to observe that there is a geographical pattern among the population of Apis mellifera in Brazil. The geographical variations may be attributed to the large territorial extension of the country in addition to the differences between the bioregions.

Patterns of media use in Brazil and their impact on political information levels

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wladimir G Gramacho

2015-12-01

Full Text Available REVISTA DEBATES OPEN JOURNAL SYSTEMS Journal Help USER Username Password Remember me Login LANGUAGE JOURNAL CONTENT Search Search Browse By Issue By Author By Title Other Journals FONT SIZE Make font size smallerMake font size defaultMake font size larger INFORMATION For Readers For Authors For Librarians HOME ABOUT LOGIN REGISTER SEARCH CURRENT ARCHIVES UFRGS Home > Vol 9, No 3 (2015 >\tGramacho Patterns of media use in Brazil and their impact on political information levels Wladimir G Gramacho, André Jácomo Abstract The use of media repertoires that include internet is associated with higher levels of political information policy. This is the main conclusion of this article, whose argument is organized in three stages. The first describes the scene of the Brazilian audience fragmentation and identifies the media usage patterns in the country based on cluster analysis using data from the Brazilian Media Survey 2015. The second indicates the socio-economic characteristics prevailing in each pattern of media use. Finally, the third one examines the influence of these different media repertoires on levels of political information among Brazilians, based on an ordinal logistic regression model.

Status of uranium in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Majdalani, S.A.; Tavares, A.M.

2001-01-01

Uranium exploration in Brazil was started in 1952 by the Brazilian National Research Council. This led to the discovery of the first uranium deposits in Pocos de Caldas and Jacobina. These activities was later continued by the National Energy Commission/Comissao Nacional de Energia Nuclear (CNEN), formed in 1962. The founding of NUCLEBRAS at the end of 1974 marked the increasing effort of the country's uranium exploration programme. At this time only the Pocos de Caldas deposit was known with measurable resources. Due to the reorganization of the Brazilian nuclear programme in 1988, all uranium exploration in the country was stopped. By then, eight areas with uranium reserves has been identified. Brazil uranium resources in the RAR category at ≤ $80/kg U cost range are estimated to be 162,000 tonnes U, out of which 56,100 tonnes are in the ≤ $40/kg U cost range. Additional resources in the EAR-I category and the cost range ≤ 80/kg U are in the order of 100,200 tonnes U. The first production of uranium in Brazil, at the Osamu Utsumi mine (Pocos de Caldas deposit), started in 1982. Because of escalated costs and reduced demand, this activity was put on stand-by status between 1990 and 1992. The mine was restarted in 1993, but was stopped again in October 1995. The cumulative production of the mine to 1996 was 1241 tonnes U. The Lagoa Real deposit is currently being prepared as a new producing mine. (author)

Tackling drug and alcohol misuse in Brazil: priorities and challenges for nurses.

Science.gov (United States)

Rassool, G H; Villar-Luis, M

2004-12-01

To provide an overview of the extent of drug and alcohol misuse in Brazil and the policies and approaches in tackling substance misuse. An examination of the challenges facing the nursing profession in working with substance misusers is presented. Alcohol, cocaine, and cannabis are the most commonly misused psychoactive substances in Brazil. One of the biggest public health problems is the interface between the misuse of psychoactive substances and HIV prevalence and other sexually transmitted diseases. Findings from a recent study suggest that undergraduate nurses in Brazil are not adequately prepared in the care and management of substance misuse problems. The nursing profession in Brazil faces numerous challenges in the development of professional competence of nurses in this field. A strategy proposed is the creation of regional centres in Brazil to study the integration of substance use and misuse in the nursing undergraduate curriculum and the giving of specific support in teaching and research to nurse teachers. Nurses have a key role to play in the early recognition, assessment, prevention, and treatment of substance misuse.

First record of Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart (Diptera, Calliphoridae from Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José O. de Almeida Silva

2012-03-01

Full Text Available First record of Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart (Diptera, Calliphoridae from Brazil. In addition to its native fauna, the Neotropical region is known to be inhabited by four introduced species of blow flies of the genus Chrysomya. Up until now, only three of these species have been recorded in Brazil - Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, and Chrysomya putoria (Wiedemann. In South America, C. rufifacies (Macquart has only been reported from Argentina and Colombia. This study records C. rufifacies from Brazil for the first time. The specimens were collected in an area of cerrado (savanna-like vegetation in the municipality of Caxias in state of Maranhão, and were attracted by pig carcasses.

Concentrations of Se, Ba, Zn and Mn in Brazil nuts

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Armelin, Maria José A.; Maihara, Vera A.; Cardoso, Paulo S.; Saiki, Mitiko [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil); Cozollino, Silvia M.F., E-mail: marmelin@ipen.br, E-mail: vmaihara@ipen.br, E-mail: msaiki@ipen.br, E-mail: pscsilva@ipen.br, E-mail: smfcozzo@usp.br [Universidade de São Paulo (USP), SP (Brazil). Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas

2017-07-01

The concentrations of Se, Ba, Zn and Mn were determined in samples of Brazil nuts collected in two ways: a) in a production farm predominantly for export and, b) in various points of sale from different regions of Brazil. Instrumental neutron activation analysis was the analytical technique used in this study. Results indicate that the concentrations of Se and Ba varied greatly among the Brazil nut samples analyzed. This large variability may be related to the soil characteristics from which the nuts were produced. An inverse correlation was observed between the concentrations of Se and Ba. On the other hand, the concentrations of Zn and Mn did not show significant differences among these samples. (author)

Concentrations of Se, Ba, Zn and Mn in Brazil nuts

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Armelin, Maria José A.; Maihara, Vera A.; Cardoso, Paulo S.; Saiki, Mitiko; Cozollino, Silvia M.F.

2017-01-01

The concentrations of Se, Ba, Zn and Mn were determined in samples of Brazil nuts collected in two ways: a) in a production farm predominantly for export and, b) in various points of sale from different regions of Brazil. Instrumental neutron activation analysis was the analytical technique used in this study. Results indicate that the concentrations of Se and Ba varied greatly among the Brazil nut samples analyzed. This large variability may be related to the soil characteristics from which the nuts were produced. An inverse correlation was observed between the concentrations of Se and Ba. On the other hand, the concentrations of Zn and Mn did not show significant differences among these samples. (author)

Escola como agência de civilização: projetos formativos e práticas pedagógicas para a educação rural no Brasil (1946-1964 - School as agency of civilization: formative educational projects and pedagogical practices for rural education in Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Flávio Anício Andrade, Brasil

2014-05-01

Full Text Available No presente estudo se propõe uma análise acerca da escola rural no Brasil, no contexto do projeto de expansão dos valores ligados ao espaço urbano e ao concomitante processo de industrialização que se aprofunda na segunda metade do século 20. Para os que pensavam as políticas educacionais do Estado brasileiro, a escola primária rural deveria tornar-se um centro de irradiação dos novos valores do industrialismo, ao incorporar e refletir ela mesma tais valores. O contexto histórico em que ocorre tal processo encontra-se marcado pela transformação do Estado em agente promotor de uma nova configuração econômica, política e social no Brasil, sendo o eixo de sua ação o esforço de expansão do setor industrial do país. Concluiu-se que o projeto de expansão e readequação da educação rural teve como objetivo a extensão dos hábitos, atitudes e formas de comportamento característicos de uma civilização industrial.Palavras-chave: escola rural, Estado, industrialismo.SCHOOL AS AGENCY OF CIVILIZATION: FORMATIVE EDUCATIONAL PROJECTS AND PEDAGOGICAL PRACTICES FOR RURAL EDUCATION IN BRAZIL (1946-1964AbstractThe present study proposes an analysis about function of the rural school in Brazil in the context of the expansion project of the urban values and the concomitant process of industrialization that deepens in the second half of the 20th century. In the analysis of those who were thinking the educational policy of theBrazilianState, the rural primary school should become a center of irradiation of new values of industrialism to incorporate and reflect herself such values. The historical context in which occurs this process is characterized by the Brazilian State's transformation into a promoter of a new economic, political and social setting in Brazil, being the axis of its expansion effort of the country's industrial sector. This article concludes that the rural primary school expansion and reconfiguration project had like the

Aspectos sócio-econômicos da desnutrição no Brasil Socio-economic aspects of subnutrition in Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antonio Carlos Coelho Campino

1986-02-01

Full Text Available Objetiva-se mostrar os fatores sócio-econômicos que têm sido identificados como os principais determinantes da situação nutricional de um país. Conclui-se que a renda é o fator isoladamente mais importante na determinação do estado nutricional, mas uma vez fixada esta variável, outros fatores - tais como extensão do sistema de atendimento de saúde, nível educacional, programa de alimentação - também desempenham um papel relevante. Procura-se avaliar, empiricamente, com base em pesquisas até agora realizadas, quais seriam os determinantes da situação nutricional para o Brasil. Evidencia-se a hipótese, esperada na literatura, de que a renda é o fator mais importante, e, dado esta, também no caso brasileiro surgem como fatores relevantes o acesso a serviços de saúde e saneamento. Em face disto, discutem-se algumas alternativas de uma política de nutrição, mostrando-se a magnitude da redistribuição de renda necessária para cobrir o hiato nutricional e debatendo-se o papel dos programas de alimentação e nutrição, na forma em que foram explicitados no Programa de Prioridades Sociais do atual Governo.It is proposed here to offer a general view of the social and economic factors that have been identified as the main determinants of a country's nutritional situation. The conclusion is reached that income, considered in isolation, is the most important factor in determining the nutritional condition, but once this variable is fixed, other factors such as the extent of the health attendance system, educational level, food and nutrition programs - also play an important part. An attempt is made impirically to decide, which are the determinants of the nutritional situation for Brazil, in the light of previous research. It becomes evident, as the literature leads one to expect that income is the most important factor, and once that is established as true for the case of Brazil too, there also appear as relevant factors ease

Levels of shading on growth in Brazil-nut seedlings=Níveis de sombreamento no crescimento de mudas de castanheira do Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Teresinha Costa Silveira de Albuquerque

2016-02-01

Full Text Available Efficiency initial growth of native tree seedlings may be related to adaptation ability to light environmental conditions. The objective of this study was to analyze the growth of the Brazil nut tree seedlings in the nursery under different levels of shading. The treatments tested were five environments: T75 = 75% shade; T50 = 50% shade; T25 = 25% shade; TCza = gray screen; and TPsol = full sun. The growth were evaluated after 185 days the plants remain in individual cages, measuring height, stem diameter, basal as well as the number, the length and width of the sheets. Also evaluated in chlorophyll content and calculate the chlorophyll content a, b, and total carotenoid. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and means were compared by Tukey test (p <0.05. We conclude that the environments with medium shading 25 and 50% are best suited for seedling development of the Brazil nut trees, allowing more vigorous plant growth.The plants in more shaded environments and full sun have higher levels of chlorophyll and carotenoids as an adaptive strategy. = A eficiência no crescimento inicial de árvores nativas pode ser relacionada à habilidade de adaptação de plântulas às condições luminosas do ambiente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o crescimento de mudas de castanheira do brasil, na fase de viveiro, sob diferentes níveis de sombreamento artificial. Como tratamentos testaram-se cinco ambientes: T75 = 75% de sombra; T50 = 50% de sombra; T25 = 25% de sombra; TCza = tela cinza; e TPsol = pleno sol. As avaliações de crescimento foram realizadas após 185 dias de permanência das plantas nos telados, medindo-se a altura, o diâmetro basal do caule, bem como o número, o comprimento e a largura das folhas. Avaliou-se também o teor de clorofila e o cálculo dos teores de clorofila a, b, total e carotenoides. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (p < 0

Isolation of Arcobacter spp from the milk of dairy cows in Brazil Isolamento de Arcobacter spp do leite de vacas leiteiras no Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Celso Pianta

2007-02-01

Full Text Available Bacteriologic examinations were performed on 188 milk samples collected from cows from 11 farms for diagnosis of mastitis in three cities of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Among the common causes of mastitis, the most frequent isolates were Staphylococcus aureus, followed by Corynebacterium sp, Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Streptococcus agalactiae. Bacteriologic examination of 32 milk samples from one farm didn't show bacteria known as common etiologic agent of mastitis. Six samples of Arcobacter spp typed by genotypic tests as Arcobacter cryaerophilus (five strains and Arcobacter butzleri (one strain were isolated from cows' milk of that farm. It is reported the isolation of Arcobacter species from the milk of cows in absence of clinical signs of mastitis. This is the first report of the detection of the microorganisms in the milk of dairy cows in Brazil. No previous reports are known from other countries.Foram realizados exames bacteriológicos em 188 amostras de leite colhidas de vacas de 11 propriedades leiteiras para diagnóstico de mastite, em três municípios no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Entre as causas comuns de mastite, os isolados mais freqüentes foram Staphylococcus aureus, seguido de Corynebacterium sp, Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus dysgalactiae e Streptococcus agalactiae. O exame bacteriológico realizado em 32 amostras de leite de vacas de uma propriedade não demonstrou a presença de bactérias conhecidas como causadoras de mastite. Foram isoladas do leite de vacas desta propriedade seis amostras de Arcobacter spp, classificadas por testes moleculares como Arcobacter cryaerophilus (cinco amostras e Arcobacter butzleri (uma amostra. É relatado o isolamento de espécies de Arcobacter do leite de vacas na ausência de sinais clínicos de mastite. Este é o primeiro relato da detecção dos microorganismos no leite de vacas leiteiras no Brasil.

Consumer choice between ethanol and gasoline: Lessons from Brazil and Sweden

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pacini, Henrique; Silveira, Semida

2011-01-01

The introduction of flex-fuel vehicles since 2003 has made possible for Brazilian drivers to choose between high ethanol blends or gasoline depending on relative prices and fuel economies. In Sweden, flex-fuel fleets were introduced in 2005. Prices and demand data were examined for both Brazil and Sweden. Bioethanol has been generally the most cost-efficient fuel in Brazil, but not for all states. In any case, consumers in Brazil have opted for ethanol even when this was not the optimal economic choice. In Sweden, a different behavior was observed when falling gasoline prices made E85 uneconomical in late 2008. In a context of international biofuels expansion, the example of E85 in Sweden indicates that new markets could experience different consumer behavior than Brazil: demand falls rapidly with reduced price differences between ethanol and gasoline. At the same time, rising ethanol demand and lack of an international market with multiple biofuel producers could lead to higher domestic prices in Brazil. Once the limit curve is crossed, the consumer might react by shifting back to the usage of gasoline. - Research highlights: → Brazil and Sweden both have infrastructure for high fuel ethanol blends. → Flex-fuel vehicles enable competition between ethanol and gasoline in fuel markets. → Data suggests that consumers make their fuel choice based mainly on prices. → Consumers in Sweden appear to be more price-sensitive than their Brazilian counterparts. → In the absence of international markets, high ethanol prices may drive consumers back to gasoline.

El anisakis y sus enfermedades como enfermedad profesional

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Manuel Vicente Pardo

Full Text Available El anisakis es un parásito complejo de los animales marinos. El hombre no es el hospedador adecuado, ya que en él la larva L3 no puede completar su ciclo vital, siendo por tanto un hospedador accidental u ocasional, que se interpone en el ciclo vital del nemátodo, y al que el anisakis le puede causar tanto la parasitación como la alergia, cuando ingiere pescado o cefalópodos crudos o poco cocinados: tales como sushi, sashimi, ceviche gravlax noruego, lomi-lomi hawaiano, así como pescados en escabeche, vinagre, desecado, ahumados, semiconservas, o en salazón que contengan este parásito en su forma de larva en estadio tres L3. Las enfermedades por anisakis constituyen un problema de salud pública, generalizado y que ha aumentado su incidencia en los últimos años. En 2012, se notificaron 20.000 casos de anisakiasis en todo el mundo. España es el segundo país con mayor número de intoxicaciones por Anisakis después de Japón. Diversos estudios en España sobre la prevalencia de la sensibilización reflejan una elevada prevalencia entre pacientes que han sufrido episodios de reacciones alérgicas. El 50 por ciento de quienes manipulan directamente el pescado presentan sensibilidad a anisakis. Siendo por tanto cada vez más común la afectación por y en el desarrollo del trabajo, constituyendo entonces procesos considerados como enfermedad profesional cuando se dan las circunstancias determinantes causales de trabajo, riesgo y exposición que para ello deben concurrir. La afección puede presentarse tanto por contacto laboral como por contacto en el consumo ordinario de pescado infestado, lo que hará difícil el estimar como causa exclusiva o consecuente la aparición de la enfermedad a consecuencia del desempeño del trabajo. Los sectores laborales de riesgo por enfermedades por anisakis, son los pescadores, pescaderos ("pescateros" y cocineros. En general todos aquellos que trabajan tanto en la captura, limpieza, manipulación, venta

Institutional framework changes in Brazil's energy industries

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

De Almeida, E.; Queiroz Pinto JR, H.

2009-01-01

The liberalization of the Brazilian energy sector in the 1990's was meant to drastically reduce the role of the State in the sector. This reform has not had the desired results. Private investment could not guarantee the expansion of the Brazilian energy sector at the necessary speed. The first half of this decade has been marked by problems of electricity supply and a rather timid role of private investment in boosting energy supply. During the second half of the decade, liberal reform of the energy sector in Brazil has gone through major adjustments, marked by the search for a new compromise between the role of the State and the private sector. This paper highlights the institutional evolution of Brazil's energy or industries and tries to show how risk for public and private investment has been reduced by the adoption of new institutional and economic mechanisms of coordination. In the current institutional framework, the State plays an important role in coordinating the investment process for the expansion of supply. The pace of investment in Brazil in the energy sector has accelerated significantly after the adoption of the new coordination mechanisms. (authors)

Cultura e natureza: a viagem e o turismo como necessidades humanas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Silvio Lima Figueiredo

2014-12-01

Full Text Available O artigo analisa os conceitos e práticas da viagem e do turismo baseado nas discussões sobre as características do fenômeno e de sua gênese. A viagem é então entendida a partir dos estudos da natureza e da cultura e como essas duas categorias se relacionam entre si, de acordo com os estudos antropológicos de Malinowski, Claude Levi-Strauss e Clifford Geertz. É evidenciada a interpretação da viagem como universal cultural, no entanto, nao se pode entendê-la como um aspecto da “natureza humana”. O turismo é entendido como um tipo de viagem cuja origem e características surgiram no mundo moderno.