Therapy for influenza and acute respiratory viral infection in young and middle-aged schoolchildren: Effect of Ingavirin® on intoxication, fever, and catarrhal syndromes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

I. M. Farber

2016-01-01

Full Text Available The paper presents the clinical results of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled multicenter phase III study evaluating the clinical efficacy and safety of Ingavirin® capsules 30 mg at a daily dose of 60 mg for the treatment of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI in 7–12-year-old children.The study included 310 children of both sexes. The study participants took Ingavirin® 60 mg/day or placebo for 5 days. The drug was shown to be effective in normalizing temperature and alleviating intoxication and catarrhal syndromes just at day 3 of therapy. Ingavirin® was demonstrated to considerably reduce the risk of bacterial complications of ARVI/influenza, which require antibiotic therapy, which is important for clinical use in children. This clinical trial has shown the high safety and tolerance of the drug. Ingavirin® contributes to accelerated virus elimination, shorter disease duration, and lower risk of complications.

Kas mäletad ? / Sirje Jõgi

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Jõgi, Sirje

2004-01-01

21. nov. 2004 tähistati Melbourne'is Välis-Eesti Päeva, Kodu-Eesti probleemidest kõneles Arvi Vainomäe; järgnenud Taevo Vaikma korraldatud üritusel "Kas mäletad ?" esitasid eri ajastute estraadilaule-tantse laulugrupp "Kirjud Vestid", rahvatantsurühm "Eiderattad" ja üksikesinejad

SA Virumaa Muuseumid Viru-Nigula pastopraadimuuseum / Fredi-Armand Tomps, Leila Pärtelpoeg, Annes Hermann

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Tomps, Fredi-Armand, 1928

2008-01-01

12 ill.; fotod: Sven Arbet, Arvi Kriis; pastoraadimajas on renoveeritud esimesed ruumid, s.h. saal (arhitekt Fredi Tomps, sisearhitekt Leila Pärtelpoeg); sohva koopia on valminud 1990-ndate algul L. Pärtelpoja jooniste järgi Tartu kunstikooli mööbliosakonna õpilaste diplomitööna Annes Hermanni juhendamisel

Estconil jagati taas Stalkereid / Jüri Kallas

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Kallas, Jüri

2006-01-01

Ulmeauhind Stalker 2006 - tõlkeromaan: Lukjanenko, Sergei. Peegelduste labürint / tõlkinud Tanel Rõigas; antoloogia või tõlkekogu: Arvi Nikkarevi koostatud antoloogia "Aphra"; tõlkejutt: Vance, Jack. Puukoi; algupärane raamat: Hargla, Indrek. French ja Koulu; algupärane jutt: Belials, Veiko. Wereke, wereke, ega sa wesi...

Karmid mängud / Kristel Raesaar

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Raesaar, Kristel

2000-01-01

Tüli puiduärimehega maksis Hansapangale üle 100 miljoni. Lisa: ühed faktid, mitu tõlgendust - Hansapanga kreedidirektor Aivar Rehe, ECT tegevjuhi Arvi Schilfi ja laenu varjamises süüdistatud Hansapanga endise väliskaubanduse finantseerimise osak. juhataja Mait Kolditsa nägemus ECT laenuraha kadumisega seotud sündmustest

Entrepreneurship policy in Estonia / Arvi Kuura

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Kuura, Arvi

2006-01-01

Ülevaade Eesti ettevõtluspoliitika ja seda teostavate institutsioonide kujunemisest, poliitika ja institutsioonide analüüs. Teoreetiliseks lähtekohaks on, et väikeettevõtluspoliitika ja ettevõtluspoliitika ole samastatavad

Archaeological investigations at Helme castle / Arvi Haak

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Haak, Arvi

2007-01-01

Radioaktiivsüsiniku meetodil dateeriti linnuseõuele rajatud kaevandist leitu aastatesse 1210-1288. Eelviikingi- ja viikingiajast pärit söestunud puidujäätmete leidmine ei luba muinaslinnuse olemasolu Helmes täielikult välistada

Energeetikafoorum "Quo vadis, Eesti energeetika?" / Arvi Hamburg

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Hamburg, Arvi, 1948-

2006-01-01

Tallinna Tehnikaülikoolis 27. aprillil 2006. a. Ühiskondliku Leppe Sihtasutuse, TTÜ, Eesti Teadlaste Liidu ja Eesti Inseneride Liidu korraldatud foorumist. Avaettekandega esines president Arnold Rüütel

Energeetikafoorum "Quo vadis, Eesti energeetika?" / Arvi Hamburg

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Hamburg, Arvi, 1948-

2006-01-01

Tallinna Tehnikaülikoolis 27. aprillil 2006. a. Ühiskondliku Leppe Sihtasutuse, Tallinna Tehnikaülikooli, Eesti Teadlaste Liidu ja Eesti Inseneride Liidu korraldatud foorumist. Avaettekandega esines foorumil president Arnold Rüütel

Severe bronchial asthma in children: the role of clinical and anamnestic indices in diagnosis verification

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Kolyubakina L.V.

2016-03-01

Full Text Available The paper presents comparative analysis of results of clinical and anamnestic examination of children depending on the asthma severity. Severe asthma in schoolchildren relative to moderate phenotype characterized by birth overweight, more burdened individual allergic history, highly infectious index, drug or combined (medication, food and household allergies, seasonal exacerbations (mainly from November to March, what associated with the trigger role of ARVI and meteorological factors, inadequate asthma control during standard basic therapy.

Keelehoolde teoreetilise aluse otsinguil : naabervaldkonnad appi / Arvi Tavast

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Tavast, Arvi, 1969-

2012-01-01

Kajastatakse e-keskkonnas läbiviidud küsitluse tulemusi, milles otsiti keele- ja tõlkimisalaste hoiakute seoseid muude teemadega. Küsiti keele olemuse, keelekasutuse, õigeks ja valeks jagamise jne. kohta

[19.-21. juulini korraldas Eesti Ulmeühing viiendat korda Eesti ulmehuviliste kokkutuleku "Estcon 2002". Tehti teatavaks ka aastaauhinnad Stalker laureaadid

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2002-01-01

Stalkeri laureaadid. Parim tõlkeromaan Roger Zelazny "Üksildane oktoobriöö" (Varrak, tlk. Juhan Habicht); parim kogumik Norman Spinradi "Suur lõõsk" (Skarabeus, tlk., koost. ja toim. Arvi Nikkarev); parim tõlkejutt "Katkuaastate päevikud" samast raamatust; parim algupärane raamat Indrek Hargla (õieti Marat Faizijev) kogumik "Pan Grpowski üheksa juhtumit" (Kuldsulg); parimaks algupärane jutustus Marat Faizijevi "Väendru" (Algernon, 2001, dets.); parim lühijutt Erkki Kõlu "Õnn kaalule, vana!" (Algernon, 2001, dets.)

Tri gorsti za Tsentralnõi rõnok / Arvi Tapver

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Tapver, Arvi

1999-01-01

Mõrvatud endise abilinnapea Mait Metsamaa keskturu erastajatest kaaskond kahlustas tunnistaja sõnul topeltmängu, kui Metsamaa vanale sõbrale ja allilmas kardetavale Meelis Laole erastamisest loobumise eest hüvitist pakkus

[Incidence of avian flu worldwide and in the Russian Federation. Improvement of surveillance and control of influenza during preparation for potential pandemic].

Science.gov (United States)

Onishchenko, G G

2006-01-01

Problem of influenza and acute respiratory virus infections (ARVI) remains one of the most urgent medical and socio-economic issues in despite of certain achievements in vaccine and chemoprophylaxis. In Russia influenza and ARVI account for up to 90% of the total annual incidence of infectious disease (up to 30 million of sick people; 45-60% of them are children). Economic damage, caused by influenza and ARVI, makes around 86% of total economic damage, caused by infectious diseases. WHO predicts that in the years coming a new antigenic influenza virus will appear, which can lead to development of large pandemia with 4-5 times increase in disease incidence and 5-10 times increase in death rate. During 2005 some changes in animal influenza epidemiology were registered. New cases of people infections are detected, the virus has spread to some new countries. Avian influenza is a high contagious virus infection that can affect all bird species. For birds influenza is enteral infection, it severely affects parenchymatous organs, especially spleen, and lungs. By now it is known that carriers of avian influenza virus H5N1 can be all known species of wild waterfowl and near-water birds. Poultry is highly susceptible to many stocks of influenza virus H5N1, death rate reaches 100%. At that hens, especially chickens, are most susceptible. From January 2004 to 24th November 2005 in the world there were detected 131 cases of influenza, caused by virus A/H5N1/, 68 of them (51%) ended in lethal outcome (Vietnam--92 cases, Thailand--21 cases, Cambodia--4, Indonesia--11, China--3). Most of the described cases of avian influenza resulted from direct contact with infected birds (handling bird internal organs is especially dangerous). In frozen meat of infected birds the virus can remain for about one year. Heating kills virus (no cases of infection caused by use for food of poultry products were detected). In order to prevent wide ranging spread of infection over Russia it is

Archaeological fieldwork in 2014 / Erki Russow, Arvi Haak, Ulla Kadakas

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Russow, Erki, 1974-

2015-01-01

2014. aasta välitöödega seoses võib esile tuua paari olulise uurimisprojekti lõppemist ning välitööde üha suurenevat seotust eeslinnade ning teede ja kommunikatsioonitrasside rajamisega, millele lisanduvat üksikud uusehitiste rajamisest tingitud päästekaevamised. Tabel arheoloogiliste välitööde kohta, objektid esitatud maakondade kaupa

Tööhõive probleemid Eestis / Arvi Altmäe

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Altmäe, Arvi, 1942-

2003-01-01

Ilmunud ka: Tallinna Tehnikakõrgkooli Toimetised nr. 3, Tallinn, 2003, lk. 22-25. Autori arvates on töötuse, hariduse ja väljarände probleemid selgelt regionaalpoliitilised, samas on tööhõive probleemid hajutatud erinevate ministeeriumide haldusalades ning ei ole seetõttu tõusnud tähelepanu keskmesse. Tabelid

Vana platelsitsija juhtum: kapo töö kogemustepagas / Arvi Tap-Tapver

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Tap-Tapver, Arvi

2009-01-01

Eesti Kaitsepolitsei uuris 1990-ndatel tollase Koonderakonna juhi ja Riigikogu riigikaitsekomisjoni esimehe Peeter Lorentsi seotust Soomest relvade salakaubana sissetoomisega mässulisele Läänemaa Vabatahtlike Jäägrikompaniile 1993. a., vahetult enne Pullapää kriisi

[COMBINED IMMUNOTHERAPY OF RECONDITIONAL CHRONIC NON-SPECIFIC VULVOVAGINITIS IN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED GIRLS].

Science.gov (United States)

Nesterova, I; Kovaleva, S; Chudilova, G; Lomtatidze, L; Krutova, V; Aslanian, I; Tulendinova, A; Malinovskaya, V

2017-05-01

Nonspecific chronic vulvovaginitis (CNV) is often a clinical indicator of immune deficiency, especially in young girls. The established violations of the functioning of various parts of the immune system (IS) in this pathology dictate the need to include in the complex of immunomodulatory therapy. The developed program of combined immunotherapy for immunocompromised girls allows to reduce the severity and duration of exacerbation of CNV, their frequency against the background of a significant reduction in the incidence of ARVI. Positive clinical effects were observed against the background of the restoration of the functioning of the IS. A protective effect was obtained (observation in a catamnesis for 1 year) - the duration of a clinically safe period increased from 6 to 11-11,5 months per year.

Principles of etiopathogenetic therapy for acute respiratory viral infections in frequently ill children

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

L. A. Kharitonova

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Objective: to investigate the impact of incorporation of cycloferon into a therapy regimen on the efficiency of treatment for acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI in frequently ill children. Subjects and methods. The results of treatment were analyzed in 117 children divided into three groups according to the therapy regimen. Thus, symptomatic and local antiviral therapies (interferon nasal ointment and viferon suppositories were prescribed to all the children; furthermore, Group 1 (control used antibiotic therapy; Group 2 (Comparison Group 1 took antibiotics and cycloferon (tablets, and Group 3 (Comparison Group 2 had Cycloferon. Results: At the beginning of treatment, there was a reduction in interferon-a and interferon-y values with preserved serum interferon levels, suggesting the diminished compensatory responses ensuring antiviral protection. Analysis of the immune status revealed that virtually half of the children exhibited activation of compensatory mechanisms (stimulation of CD4+ and CD8+ production and an increase in NST test activity, one third displayed a disturbance (decreases in CD4+, CDlfrf, IgA, and NST test activity. After treatment, interferonogenesis was recovered in the majority (86,7% of the patients taking Cycloferon, in 74,1% of those who had a treatment regimen containing cycloferon and antibiotics, and only in 47,1 % of those who received antibiotics. Comparison of the immunological indicators during therapy with antibiotics alone or in combination with cycloferon demonstrated a more noticeable and balanced response to the latter: the normalized CD4+ and CD8+ values in the patients on antibiotic therapy was 8,9 and 5,8%, respectively, and 11,1 % in those who received antibiotics and cycloferon. Conclusion. Incorporation of cycloferon into ARVI treatment regimens for frequently ill patients has the positive effect on immunological indicators, which shows itself as recovery of initially diminished interferonogenesis

Два своеобразных словаря латышского языка

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Оярс [Ojārs] Бушс [Bušs

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Latviešu-igauņu vārdnīca. Projektijuht [Manager of the project] Arvi Tavast. Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2015, 737 pp. Igauņu-latviešu vārdnīca. Atb. red. [Ed.] Valts Ernštreits. Rīga: Latviešu valodas aģentūra, Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2015, 1096 pp.   Review Two Peculiar Dictionaries of Latvian Estonian-Latvian dictionary (ed. Valts Ernštreits and Latvian-Estonian dictionary (manager of the project Arvi Tavast have been published at the same time and with the same design. Each of the dictionaries consists from more than forty thousand headwords, however they are not of the same size, Estonian-Latvian dictionary has significantly more pages. The reason is the Estonian-Latvian dictionary is a traditional bilingual dictionary, were we can find among other information a lot of illustrations for the use of translated lexis. Latvian-Estonian dictionary could be probably called an experimental dictionary. It is compiled on the basis of the parallel corpus, the lexical materials have been mostly processed automatically using specialized software, pro­fessional lexicographers did not participated in the compiling of this dictionary. As a result this Latvian-Estonian dictionary seems more like a glossary, we do not have examples of the use of translated words in this dictionary. What is very strange is that quite a lot of headwords are not words, they are groups of words. This experimental dictionary demonstrates that software alone still is not able to compile a dictionary of high quality without the help of experienced lexicographers.   Recenzja Dwa osobliwe słowniki języka łotewskiego Słowniki estońsko-łotewski (red. Valts Ernštreits i łotewsko-estoński (kierownik projektu Arvi Tavast zostały opublikowane jednocześnie i w takiej samej szacie graficznej. W każdym z nich zawarto ponad 40 tysięcy haseł, jednakże słowniki te nie mają identycznej objętości, gdyż słownik estońsko-łotewski liczy znacznie

Archaeological investigations in medieval Viljandi the castle and its surroundings / Arvi Haak, Riina Juurik

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Haak, Arvi

2007-01-01

Kaevamistest ordulinnuses, uuringutest III eeslinnusel (Esimesel Kirsimäel) peavärava piirkonnas, järelevalvetöödest linnusest lääne poole jääval alal, uuringutest Tartu tänav 28A ja 30 kruntidel. Keraamikaleidude põhjal tekkis asustus Tartu tänav 30 piirkonnas 14. sajandi teisel poolel või veelgi varem

Atmospheric effects on the NDVI - Strategies for its removal. [Normalized Difference Vegetation Index

Science.gov (United States)

Kaufman, Y. J.; Tanre, D.; Holben, B. N.; Markham, B.; Gitelson, A.

1992-01-01

The compositing technique used to derive global vegetation index (NDVI) from the NOAA AVHRR radiances reduces the residual effect of water vapor and aerosol on the NDVI. The reduction in the atmospheric effect is shown using a comprehensive measured data set for desert conditions, and a simulation for grass with continental aerosol. A statistical analaysis of the probability of occurrence of aerosol optical thickness and precipitable water vapor measured in different climatic regimes is used for this simulation. It is concluded that for a long compositing period (e.g., 27 days), the residual aerosol optical thickness and precipitable water vapor are usually too small to be corrected. For a 9-day compositing, the residual average aerosol effect may be about twice the correction uncertainty. For Landsat TM or Earth Observing System Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (EOS-MODIS) data, the newly defined atmospherically resistant vegetation index (ARVI) is more promising than possible direct atmospheric correction schemes, except for heavy desert dust conditions.

ETIOPATHOGENETIC TREATMENT OF INFLUENZA AND ARVI IN CHILDREN: A NEW LOOK AT THE OLD PROBLEM

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O. V. Shamsheva

2017-01-01

Full Text Available A new value was acquired by the drug Orvirem®, which is a combination of rimantadine and natrium alginate. In recent years, it has not been recommended for use due to the resistance to it strains of the influenza A(H1N1 virus pdm2009. Currently, this drug has acquired a new meaning, and this is due to the dominance of subtype A(H3N2. Two recent clinical studies have demonstrated that the drug Orvirem® has proven activity against viruses not only of influenza A but also B, coronavirus, and other common pathogens of respiratory viral infections (rhinoviruses, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, etc.. High efficacy, safety and absence of adverse reactions make it possible to widely use Orvirem® in children from the first year of life, incl. with chronic diseases.  

PEMETAAN FAKTOR C YANG DITURUNKAN DARI BERBAGAI INDEKS VEGETASI DATA PENGINDERAAN JAUH SEBAGAI MASUKAN PEMODELAN EROSI DI DAS MERAWU (C Factor Mapping Derived from Various Vegetation Indeces of Remotely Sensed Data for Erosion Modeling at Merawu Catchment

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Bambang Sulistyo

2011-03-01

Full Text Available ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji berbagai indeks vegetasi yang diturunkan dari data penginderaan jauh dalam pemetaan faktor C sebagai masukan dalam pemodelan erosi USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menganalisis data penginderaan jauh Landsat 7 ETM + sehingga menghasilkan berbagai indeks vegetasi yang kemudian dilakukan analisis korelasi dengan Faktor C yang diukur di lapangan pada 45 lokasi. Dari analisis ini diperoleh suatu model untuk pemetaan faktor C (C model dari berbagai indeks vegetasi. Peta faktor C yang diperoleh kemudian dilakukan validasi pada 48 lokasi sehingga akan diketahui keakuratan hasil pemodelan. Dalam penelitian ini dikaji 11 (sebelas indeks vegetasi yang diturunkan dari data penginderaan jauh, yaitu ARVI, MSAVI, TVI, VIF, NDVI, TSAVI, SAVI, EVI, RVI, DVI, dan PVI. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 11 indeks vegetasi yang dikaji terdapat 8 indeks vegetasi yang menghasilkan peta faktor C dengan ketelitian yang tinggi, yaitu MSAVI, TVI, VIF, NDVI, TSAVI, SAVI, EVI, dan RVI. Indeks vegetasi yang menggunakan rumus yang lebih kompleks menghasilkan koefisien korelasi yang lebih tinggi dibanding dengan indeks vegetasi yang menggunakan rumus yang sederhana. Indeks vegetasi yang mempertimbangkan latar belakang tanah (MSAVI dan TSAVI mempunyai koefisien korelasi lebih tinggi dibanding dengan koefisien korelasi yang tidak mempertimbangkan latar belakang tanah. ABSTRACT The research was aim at studying C factor mapping derived from various vegetation indices of remotely-sensed data as input for USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation erosion modeling at Merawu Catchment. Methodology applied was by analyzing remote sensing data of Landsat 7 ETM+ to obtain various vegetation indices for correlation analysis with C Factor measured directly from 45 locations on the field. The analysis resulted models for C factor mapping from various vegetation indices (Cmodel. These

Clinico-pathogenetic substantiation and experience of the use of interferon alpha 2b in children with acute respiratory viral infections

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marushko Yu.V.

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Objective. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of interferon preparations in children under three years with acute respiratory viral infections. Patients and methods. A total of 97 observed children with a diagnosis ARVI has been consulted by doctor at 152 days after the onset of the disease. In the main group in the complex treatment additionally was prescribed nasal interferon alpha 2b «Nazoferon» in the age dosages. Children of the control group had received conventional treatment only. Results. Due to the application of Nazoferon was observed a decrease in the duration as of the main symptoms of the disease (catarrhal phenomena and temperature reaction, so the effects of intoxication. On the fifth day of treatment the difference between clinical parameters was more pronounced. It is found that Nazoferon well tolerated, does not cause discomfort on the part of the respiratory system. Conclusions. The good clinical efficacy and lack of adverse reactions allow recommending Nazoferon for use in pediatric patients. Application of Nazoferon is important to start from the early 152 days of the disease. Allow it to use as a prophylactic measure.

Värtnakeder, talisman või nõiaese - märkidega kiviketas Viljandimaalt Rattama talust / Tõnno Jonuks, Meelis Friedenthal, Arvi Haak

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Jonuks, Tõnno, 1974-

2010-01-01

Viljandimaalt Suure-Jaani kihelkonnast Rattama talust pärit märkidega kivikettast, mille sümboleid võib pidada kaitsemaagilise taustaga märkideks. Tegemist võib olla 17. või 18. sajandil valmistatud amuletiga

[INF-gamma during respiratory-syncytial induced obstructive respiratory syndrome in infection in children under one year of age].

Science.gov (United States)

Kandelaki, E T; Nemsadze, K P; Chkhaidze, I G; Kherkheulidze, M N; Kamkamidze, G K

2005-12-01

Lately the connection of Asthma and RSV drew the sufficient attention. The recurrent wheezing developed during the RSV in children is particularly frequent in the families having history of atopy. The decreased expression of INFgamma may play the role in the pathogenesis of RSV infection. The target of our research was the study of the rate of INFgamma during various clinical courses of RSV-infection and definition of its role in the pathogenesis of ARVI. 52 children with RSV-associated wheezing have been studied, who had first (32) or recurrent episode (20) of bronchial obstruction and whose families had occurrence of atopy. 52 children with non RSV-associated wheezing (III group) and 10 healthy children up to 12 months of age (IV group) were considered as the control groups. Children from all four groups were from families with the history of atopy. INFgamma was measured by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA). Comparison of two groups of wheezing children with RSV infection showed significant reduction of INFgamma level in the group of children with recurrent wheezing vs. the group with first episode of wheezing. INFgamma levels were significantly higher in the two control groups. During the acute respiratory infection induced by RS-virus, which proceeds with the obstruction of respiratory tract (wheezing), reduction of INFgamma was noted and higher frequency of wheezing episodes is associated with more prominent alteration.

Mined-out land

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Reinsalu, Enno; Toomik, Arvi; Valgma, Ingo

2002-01-01

Estonian mineral resources are deposited in low depth and mining fields are large, therefore vast areas are affected by mining. There are at least 800 deposits with total area of 6,000 km 2 and about the same number of underground mines, surface mines, peat fields, quarries, and sand and gravel pits. The deposits cover more than 10% of Estonian mainland. The total area of operating mine claims exceeds 150 km 2 that makes 0.3 % of Estonian area. The book is written mainly for the people who are living or acting in the area influenced by mining. The observations and research could benefit those who are interested in geography and environment, who follow formation and look of mined-out landscapes. The book contains also warnings for careless people on and under the surface of the mined-out land. Part of the book contains results of the research made in 1968-1993 by the first two authors working at the Estonian branch of A.Skochinsky Institute of Mining. Since 1990, Arvi Toomik continued this study at the Northeastern section of the Institute of Ecology of Tallinn Pedagogical University. Enno Reinsalu studied aftereffects of mining at the Mining Department of Tallinn Technical University from 1998 to 2000. Geographical Information System for Mining was studied by Ingo Valgma within his doctoral dissertation, and this book is one of the applications of his study

Archaeological investigations at the town wall of Viljandi and the construction site Tartu street 8A / Arvi Haak, Priit Lätti

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Haak, Arvi, 1978-

2006-01-01

Linnamüüri väljapuhastamisest Viljandi raekoja taga. Järelvalvetöödega Tartu tänaval selgus, et keskaegne kiht uuritaval alal puudus (või polnud tekkinud), kultuurkiht sisaldas 18. ja 19. saj. leide

SOME ASPECTS OF THE MARKETING STUDIES FOR THE PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET OF ANTIVIRAL DRUGS

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A. G. Salnikova

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Antiviral drugs are widely used in medicinal practice. They suppress the originator and stimulate the protection of an organism. The drugs are used for the treatment of flu and ARVI, herpetic infections, virus hepatitis, HIV-infection. Contemporary pharmaceutical market is represented by a wide range of antiviral drugs. Marketing studies are conducted to develop strategies, used for the enhancement of pharmacy organization activity efficiency. Conduction of the marketing researches of pharmaceutical market is the purpose of this study. We have used State Registry of Drugs, State Record of Drugs, List of vital drugs, questionnaires of pharmaceutical workers during our work. Historical, sociological, mathematical methods, and a method of expert evaluation were used in the paper. As the result of the study we have made the following conclusions. We have studied and generalized the literature data about classification and application of antiviral drugs, marketing, competition. The assortment of antiviral drugs on the pharmaceutical market of the Russian Federation was also studied. We have conducted an analysis for the obtainment of the information about antiviral drugs by pharmaceutical workers. We have determined the competitiveness of antiviral drugs, and on the basis of the research conducted we have submitted an offer for pharmaceutical organizations to form the range of antiviral drugs.

Radiative transfer in shrub savanna sites in Niger: preliminary results from HAPEX-Sahel. 3. Optical dynamics and vegetation index sensitivity to biomass and plant cover

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Leeuwen, W.J.D. van; Huete, A.R.; Duncan, J.; Franklin, J.

1994-01-01

A shrub savannah landscape in Niger was optically characterized utilizing blue, green, red and near-infrared wavelengths. Selected vegetation indices were evaluated for their performance and sensitivity to describe the complex Sahelian soil/vegetation canopies. Bidirectional reflectance factors (BRF) of plants and soils were measured at several view angles, and used as input to various vegetation indices. Both soil and vegetation targets had strong anisotropic reflectance properties, rendering all vegetation index (VI) responses to be a direct function of sun and view geometry. Soil background influences were shown to alter the response of most vegetation indices. N-space greenness had the smallest dynamic range in VI response, but the n-space brightness index provided additional useful information. The global environmental monitoring index (GEMI) showed a large VI dynamic range for bare soils, which was undesirable for a vegetation index. The view angle response of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), atmosphere resistant vegetation index (ARVI) and soil atmosphere resistant vegetation index (SARVI) were asymmetric about nadir for multiple view angles, and were, except for the SARVI, altered seriously by soil moisture and/or soil brightness effects. The soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI) was least affected by surface soil moisture and was symmetric about nadir for grass vegetation covers. Overall the SAVI, SARVI and the n-space vegetation index performed best under all adverse conditions and were recommended to monitor vegetation growth in the sparsely vegetated Sahelian zone. (author)

Best single time point correlations with AUC for cyclosporine and tacrolimus in HIV-infected kidney and liver transplant recipients.

Science.gov (United States)

Frassetto, Lynda A; Tan-Tam, Clara C; Barin, Burc; Browne, Matt; Wolfe, Alan R; Stock, Peter G; Roland, Michelle; Benet, Leslie Z

2014-03-27

Interactions between antiretrovirals (ARVs) and transplant immunosuppressant agents (IS) among HIV-infected transplant recipients may lead to lack of efficacy or toxicity. In transplant recipients not infected with HIV, tacrolimus (TAC) trough levels (C0) or cyclosporine (CsA) drawn at C0 or 2 hours after dosing (C2) correlate with drug exposure (area under the curve [AUC]/dose) and outcomes. Because of ARV-IS interactions in HIV-infected individuals, and the high rate of rejection in these subjects, this study investigated the correlations between IS concentrations and exposure to determine the best method to monitor immunosuppressant levels. This study prospectively studied 50 HIV-infected transplant recipients undergoing kidney or liver transplantation evaluating the pharmacokinetics of the IS in 150 studies over time after transplantation (weeks 2 to 4, 12, 28, 52, and 104). IS levels were measured with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and AUC calculated using WinNonlin 9.0. Correlation analyses were run on SAS 9.2. CsA concentration at C4 correlated better with AUC than C0 or C2, and over time TAC concentration correlated better at C0 or C2. It is suggested that C0 is acceptable for TAC monitoring, but poor predictability will occur at C0 with CsA. The low correlation of C0 with CsA AUC could be responsible for the higher rejection rates on CsA that has been reported in these subjects.

Archaeological investigations at the late iron age settlement site of Huntaugu and at the castle of teutonic order in Viljandi / Arvi Haak

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Haak, Arvi

2005-01-01

Huntaugu mäel paiknenud lühiajalistest väikestest asustusüksustest. Viljandi ordulinnuse eeslinnuse hoovialal 14. saj. keskel toimunud muudatustest, kaevamistest esimese eeslinnuse alal, varisenud konvendihoone müüridest, leiumaterjali kirjeldus

Characteristics of leachate in Foot and Mouth Disease Carcass Disposal using Molecular Biology Method

Science.gov (United States)

Choi, E. J.; Kim, B. J.; Wi, D. W.; Choi, N. C.; Lee, S. J.; Min, J. E.; Park, C. Y.

2012-04-01

The Leachate from Foot and Mouth Disease(FMD) carcass disposal by is one of the types of high-concentration contaminated wastewater with the greatest environmental impact. This is due to its pollutants: nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) and pathogenic microorganisms. Satisfactory treatment of leachate is not an easy task for its high concentrations of nitrate nitrogen and pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore suitable FMD leachate treatment processes should be adopted to improve treatment performance and to reduce overall running costs. The objective of this study was to determine the leachate characteristics through environmental analysis and molecular biology method (bacteria identification and Polymerase Chain Reaction) using FMD leachate samples for optimal FMD leachate treatment processes. The Sixteen FMD leachate samples was obtained from carcass disposal regions in Korea. Results of environmental analysis showed that pH and Eh was observed from 5.57 to 7.40, -134~358mV. This data was exhibited typical early carcass disposal (Neutral pH and Reducing Environment by abundant organic matter). TOC and nitrate nitrogen high concentrations in FMD leachate showed a large variability from 2.3 to 38,730 mg/L(mean - 6,821.93mg/L) and 0.335 ~231.998mg/L(mean - 37.46mg/L), respectively. The result of bacteria identification was observed Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas putida, Acinetobacter ursingii, Aeromonas hydrophila, Serratia liquefaciens, Brevundimonas naejangsanensis, Serratia liquefaciens, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter ursingii. The results of Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR) using EzTaxon server data revealed Pseudoclavibacter helvolus, Pseudochrobactrum saccharolyticum, Corynebacterium callunae, Paenibacillus lautus, Paenibacillus sp., Bacillus arvi, Brevundimonas bullata, Acinetobacter ursingii, Lysinibacillus sphaericus, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus psychrodurans, Pseudomonas sp.

The Potential of Forest Biomass Inversion Based on Vegetation Indices Using Multi-Angle CHRIS/PROBA Data

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Qiang Wang

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Multi-angle remote sensing can either be regarded as an added source of uncertainty for variable retrieval, or as a source of additional information, which enhances variable retrieval compared to traditional single-angle observation. However, the magnitude of these angular and band effects for forest structure parameters is difficult to quantify. We used the Discrete Anisotropic Radiative Transfer (DART model and the Zelig model to simulate the forest canopy Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Factor (BRDF in order to build a look-up table, and eight vegetation indices were used to assess the relationship between BRDF and forest biomass in order to find the sensitive angles and bands. Further, the European Space Agency (ESA mission, Compact High Resolution Imaging Spectrometer onboard the Project for On-board Autonomy (CHRIS-PROBA and field sample measurements, were selected to test the angular and band effects on forest biomass retrieval. The results showed that the off-nadir vegetation indices could predict the forest biomass more accurately than the nadir. Additionally, we found that the viewing angle effect is more important, but the band effect could not be ignored, and the sensitive angles for extracting forest biomass are greater viewing angles, especially around the hot and dark spot directions. This work highlighted the combination of angles and bands, and found a new index based on the traditional vegetation index, Atmospherically Resistant Vegetation Index (ARVI, which is calculated by combining sensitive angles and sensitive bands, such as blue band 490 nm/−55°, green band 530 nm/55°, and the red band 697 nm/55°, and the new index was tested to improve the accuracy of forest biomass retrieval. This is a step forward in multi-angle remote sensing applications for mining the hidden relationship between BRDF and forest structure information, in order to increase the utilization efficiency of remote sensing data.

Monitoring coastal marshes biomass with CASI: a comparison of parametric and non-parametric models

Science.gov (United States)

Mo, Y.; Kearney, M.

2017-12-01

Coastal marshes are important carbon sinks that face multiple natural and anthropogenic stresses. Optical remote sensing is a powerful tool for closely monitoring the biomass of coastal marshes. However, application of hyperspectral sensors on assessing the biomass of diverse coastal marsh ecosystems is limited. This study samples spectral and biophysical data from coastal freshwater, intermediate, brackish, and saline marshes in Louisiana, and develops parametric and non-parametric models for using the Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager (CASI) to retrieve the marshes' biomass. Linear models and random forest models are developed from simulated CASI data (48 bands, 380-1050 nm, bandwidth 14 nm). Linear models are also developed using narrowband vegetation indices computed from all possible band combinations from the blue, red, and near infrared wavelengths. It is found that the linear models derived from the optimal narrowband vegetation indices provide strong predictions for the marshes' Leaf Area Index (LAI; R2 > 0.74 for ARVI), but not for their Aboveground Green Biomass (AGB; R2 > 0.25). The linear models derived from the simulated CASI data strongly predict the marshes' LAI (R2 = 0.93) and AGB (R2 = 0.71) and have 27 and 30 bands/variables in the final models through stepwise regression, respectively. The random forest models derived from the simulated CASI data also strongly predict the marshes' LAI and AGB (R2 = 0.91 and 0.84, respectively), where the most important variables for predicting LAI are near infrared bands at 784 and 756 nm and for predicting ABG are red bands at 684 and 670 nm. In sum, the random forest model is preferable for assessing coastal marsh biomass using CASI data as it offers high R2 for both LAI and AGB. The superior performance of the random forest model is likely to due to that it fully utilizes the full-spectrum data and makes no assumption of the approximate normality of the sampling population. This study offers solutions

Phylogenomic Study of Burkholderia glathei-like Organisms, Proposal of 13 Novel Burkholderia Species and Emended Descriptions of Burkholderia sordidicola, Burkholderia zhejiangensis, and Burkholderia grimmiae

Science.gov (United States)

Peeters, Charlotte; Meier-Kolthoff, Jan P.; Verheyde, Bart; De Brandt, Evie; Cooper, Vaughn S.; Vandamme, Peter

2016-01-01

Partial gyrB gene sequence analysis of 17 isolates from human and environmental sources revealed 13 clusters of strains and identified them as Burkholderia glathei clade (BGC) bacteria. The taxonomic status of these clusters was examined by whole-genome sequence analysis, determination of the G+C content, whole-cell fatty acid analysis and biochemical characterization. The whole-genome sequence-based phylogeny was assessed using the Genome Blast Distance Phylogeny (GBDP) method and an extended multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) approach. The results demonstrated that these 17 BGC isolates represented 13 novel Burkholderia species that could be distinguished by both genotypic and phenotypic characteristics. BGC strains exhibited a broad metabolic versatility and developed beneficial, symbiotic, and pathogenic interactions with different hosts. Our data also confirmed that there is no phylogenetic subdivision in the genus Burkholderia that distinguishes beneficial from pathogenic strains. We therefore propose to formally classify the 13 novel BGC Burkholderia species as Burkholderia arvi sp. nov. (type strain LMG 29317T = CCUG 68412T), Burkholderia hypogeia sp. nov. (type strain LMG 29322T = CCUG 68407T), Burkholderia ptereochthonis sp. nov. (type strain LMG 29326T = CCUG 68403T), Burkholderia glebae sp. nov. (type strain LMG 29325T = CCUG 68404T), Burkholderia pedi sp. nov. (type strain LMG 29323T = CCUG 68406T), Burkholderia arationis sp. nov. (type strain LMG 29324T = CCUG 68405T), Burkholderia fortuita sp. nov. (type strain LMG 29320T = CCUG 68409T), Burkholderia temeraria sp. nov. (type strain LMG 29319T = CCUG 68410T), Burkholderia calidae sp. nov. (type strain LMG 29321T = CCUG 68408T), Burkholderia concitans sp. nov. (type strain LMG 29315T = CCUG 68414T), Burkholderia turbans sp. nov. (type strain LMG 29316T = CCUG 68413T), Burkholderia catudaia sp. nov. (type strain LMG 29318T = CCUG 68411T) and Burkholderia peredens sp. nov. (type strain LMG 29314T = CCUG

Korteriomanditeks jagatud kinnisasja kaasomandi eseme ainukasutusse andmine ja kasutuse reguleerimine korteriühistutes parkimise korraldamise näitel : magistritöö / Tuuli Arvi ; juhendaja Kaupo Paal ; Tartu Ülikool, õigusteaduskond, eraõiguse

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Arvi, Tuuli

2018-01-01

Korteriomandi kaasomandi eseme kasutamise regulatsiooni piiritlemisest teistest sarnastest regulatsioonidest. Korteriomandi kaasomandi eseme ainukasutusse andmisest ja selle reguleerimisest kehtivas Eesti õiguses. Kehtiva õiguse muutmise vajadusest ja võimalustest

The red edge in arid region vegetation: 340-1060 nm spectra

Science.gov (United States)

Ray, Terrill W.; Murray, Bruce C.; Chehbouni, A.; Njoku, Eni

1993-01-01

The remote sensing study of vegetated regions of the world has typically been focused on the use of broad-band vegetation indices such as NDVI. Various modifications of these indices have been developed in attempts to minimize the effect of soil background, e.g., SAVI, or to reduce the effect of the atmosphere, e.g., ARVI. Most of these indices depend on the so-called 'red edge,' the sharp transition between the strong absorption of chlorophyll pigment in visible wavelengths and the strong scattering in the near-infrared from the cellular structure of leaves. These broadband indices tend to become highly inaccurate as the green canopy cover becomes sparse. The advent of high spectral resolution remote sensing instrument such as the Airborne Visible and Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) has allowed the detection of narrow spectral features in vegetation and there are reports of detection of the red edge even for pixels with very low levels of green vegetation cover by Vane et al. and Elvidge et al., and to characterize algal biomass in coastal areas. Spectral mixing approaches similar to those of Smith et al. can be extended into the high spectral resolution domain allowing for the analysis of more endmembers, and potentially, discrimination between material with narrow spectral differences. Vegetation in arid regions tends to be sparse, often with small leaves such as the creosote bush. Many types of arid region vegetation spend much of the year with their leaves in a senescent state, i.e., yellow, with lowered chlorophyll pigmentation. The sparseness of the leaves of many arid region plants has the dual effect of lowering the green leaf area which can be observed and of allowing more of the sub-shrub soil to be visible which further complicates the spectrum of a region covered with arid region vegetation. Elvidge examined the spectral characteristics of dry plant materials showing significant differences in the region of the red edge and the diagnostic ligno