Scarabaecin, a novel cysteine-containing antifungal peptide from the rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes rhinoceros.

Science.gov (United States)

Tomie, Tetsuya; Ishibashi, Jun; Furukawa, Seiichi; Kobayashi, Satoe; Sawahata, Ryoko; Asaoka, Ai; Tagawa, Michito; Yamakawa, Minoru

2003-07-25

A novel antifungal peptide, scarabaecin (4080Da), was isolated from the coconut rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes rhinoceros. Scarabaecin cDNA was cloned by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR) using a primer based on the N-terminal amino acid sequence. The amino acid sequence deduced from scarabaecin cDNA showed no significant similarity to those of reported proteins. Chemically synthesized scarabaecin indicated antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi such as Pyricularia oryzae, Rhizoctonia solani, and Botrytis cinerea, but not against phytopathogenic bacteria. It showed weak activity against Bauberia bassiana, an insect pathogenic fungus, and Staphylococcus aureus, a pathogenic bacterium. Scarabaecin showed chitin binding property and its K(d) was 1.315 microM. A comparison of putative chitin-binding domains among scarabaecin, invertebrate, and plant chitin-binding proteins suggests that scarabaecin is a new member of chitin-binding antimicrobial proteins.

Neutralization of bitis parviocula (Ethiopian mountain adder venom by the south african institute of medical research (SAIMR antivenom

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Elda E. Sánchez

2011-08-01

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: The Ethiopian mountain adder (Bitis parviocula is a viperid known only from a few locations in southwestern Ethiopia. METHODS: a total of 30 µg of B. arietans and B. parviocula venoms were run on a 10-20% Tricine gel. To assay lethality dose fifty (LD50, five groups of eight mice for each venom were used. Hemorrhagic activity for crude venom was tested. Fibrinogenolytic activity of crude venom was measured using (2.5 mg/mL of fibrinogen solution and (0.03 mg/mL of crude venom. Gelatinase activity of the venom was tested on a Kodak X-OMAT TM film. Crude venoms of B. parviocula and B. arietans were tested for their abilities to affect clotting time, clotting rate and platelet function on whole human blood. RESULTS: The (SAIMR antivenom was confirmed in this study to neutralize the lethal activity of venom from Bitis parviocula. The ED50s of SAIMR antivenom on B. parviocula and B. arietans neutralized half of 18.2 and 66.7 mg of venom, respectively. The hemorrhagic activities (MHDs of B. parviocula and B. arietans were 0.88 and 1.7 µg, respectively. Bitis arietans and B. parviocula venoms degradated α and β chains at different times. The γ chains remained unaffected. Bitis parviocula venom did not exhibit gelatinase activity, while B. arietans had a MGD of 6.9 µg. At 3 mg/mL, the crude venoms of B. parviocula and B. arietans did not significantly affect clotting time or clotting rate. CONCLUSIONS: The SAIMR antivenom is very effective in neutralizing the venom of B. parviocula and should be considered in treating envenomations by these snakes.

Investigation of acoustic sensors to detect coconut rhinoceros beetle in Guam

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The coconut rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes rhinoceros, was accidentally introduced into Guam last year and now threatens the Island’s forests and tourist industry. These large insects can be detected easily with acoustic sensors, and procedures are being developed to incorporate acoustic technology int...

Primary structure of an adipokinetic neuropeptide from the rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes rhinoceros L (Coleoptera: Dynastidae).

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Ajay Kumar, A P; Gokuldas, M

2011-07-01

Neuropeptides play an important role in cellular communication in vertebrates. This is also true for insects in which many physiological, developmental and behavioral processes are affected by neuropeptides produced in neurosecretory cells of the retrocerebral complex. Small neuropeptides of the adipokinetic hormone/red pigment concentrating hormone family (AKH/RPCH) are one of the important groups of peptides that regulate physiological homeostasis. The present investigation was carried out to elucidate the primary structure of adipokinetic neuropeptides in the rhinoceros beetle, O. rhinoceros. In the present investigation, an adipokinetic neuropeptide from the coconut pest, Oryctes rhinoceros was isolated from corpora cardiaca by HPLC; the chromatographic fractions were tested for adipokinetic activity in the plant bug, Iphita limbata in vivo. Two UV absorbance peaks were found to be significantly active in elevating haemolymph lipid levels. MALDI-MS analysis of the extract indicated that the molecular mass, 1003.70 Da is similar to the already known AKH from another beetle, Melolontha melolontha. MALDI-MS/MS analysis confirmed that its primary structure is exactly similar to the structure reported for the Melme-AKH (pE-L-N-Y-S-P-D-W-NH2). The findings suggest that the distribution of AKH peptides has shown that there exists a taxonomic order or family specificity. This data can be used as additional information to aid in the construction of phylogenetic trees by means of computer programme and protein parsimony algorithms.

Mitochondrial DNA Phylogenetics of Black Rhinoceros in Kenya in relation to Southern Africa Population

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Elijah K. Githui

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis are highly endangered due to poaching and other anthropological reasons and their protection to rebound the numbers and genetic improvement are necessary remedial measures defined by Rhino International Union of Conservation for the Nature Red List (IUCN. In Kenya black rhino numbers declined from approximately 20,000 in the 1970s to fewer than 400 in 1982. Wildlife conservation managers effected strategies to manage/breed the remaining rhinoceros populations in Eastern and Southern Africa within regional sanctuaries. This study analyzes the genetic variability of these remnant rhinoceros using Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA. Majority of the rhinoceros in both Kenyan and Southern Africa group are monophyletic clusters with insignificant genetic variations while some lineages are underrepresented. The Eastern Africa rhinoceros forms a distinct clade from the Sothern Africa counterpart while Tanzania population has admixtures. Tajima-D test showed that these two populations are under different selection pressure possibly due to different history of adverse anthropologic activities. Similarly, the Southern Africa rhinoceros have low genetic diversity compared to the Eastern African population due to extended periods of game hunting during Africa colonization. This study suggests that managed translocations of individual rhinoceros across the separated fragments can be applied to improve their genetic diversity.

Three Novel Haplotypes of Theileria bicornis in Black and White Rhinoceros in Kenya.

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Otiende, M Y; Kivata, M W; Jowers, M J; Makumi, J N; Runo, S; Obanda, V; Gakuya, F; Mutinda, M; Kariuki, L; Alasaad, S

2016-02-01

Piroplasms, especially those in the genera Babesia and Theileria, have been found to naturally infect rhinoceros. Due to natural or human-induced stress factors such as capture and translocations, animals often develop fatal clinical piroplasmosis, which causes death if not treated. This study examines the genetic diversity and occurrence of novel Theileria species infecting both black and white rhinoceros in Kenya. Samples collected opportunistically during routine translocations and clinical interventions from 15 rhinoceros were analysed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using a nested amplification of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) gene fragments of Babesia and Theileria. Our study revealed for the first time in Kenya the presence of Theileria bicornis in white (Ceratotherium simum simum) and black (Diceros bicornis michaeli) rhinoceros and the existence of three new haplotypes: haplotypes H1 and H3 were present in white rhinoceros, while H2 was present in black rhinoceros. No specific haplotype was correlated to any specific geographical location. The Bayesian inference 50% consensus phylogram recovered the three haplotypes monophyleticly, and Theileria bicornis had very high support (BPP: 0.98). Furthermore, the genetic p-uncorrected distances and substitutions between T. bicornis and the three haplotypes were the same in all three haplotypes, indicating a very close genetic affinity. This is the first report of the occurrence of Theileria species in white and black rhinoceros from Kenya. The three new haplotypes reported here for the first time have important ecological and conservational implications, especially for population management and translocation programs and as a means of avoiding the transport of infected animals into non-affected areas. © 2014 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

First insights into the vocal repertoire of infant and juvenile Southern white rhinoceros.

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Linn, Sabrina N; Boeer, Michael; Scheumann, Marina

2018-01-01

Describing vocal repertoires represents an essential step towards gaining an overview about the complexity of acoustic communication in a given species. The analysis of infant vocalisations is essential for understanding the development and usage of species-specific vocalisations, but is often underrepresented, especially in species with long inter-birth intervals such as the white rhinoceros. Thus, this study aimed for the first time to characterise the infant and juvenile vocal repertoire of the Southern white rhinoceros and to relate these findings to the adult vocal repertoire. The behaviour of seven mother-reared white rhinoceros calves (two males, five females) and one hand-reared calf (male), ranging from one month to four years, was simultaneously audio and video-taped at three zoos. Normally reared infants and juveniles uttered four discriminable call types (Whine, Snort, Threat, and Pant) that were produced in different behavioural contexts. All call types were also uttered by the hand-reared calf. Call rates of Whines, but not of the other call types, decreased with age. These findings provide the first evidence that infant and juvenile rhinoceros utter specific call types in distinct contexts, even if they grow up with limited social interaction with conspecifics. By comparing our findings with the current literature on vocalisations of adult white rhinoceros and other solitary rhinoceros species, we discuss to which extent differences in the social lifestyle across species affect acoustic communication in mammals.

First insights into the vocal repertoire of infant and juvenile Southern white rhinoceros

Science.gov (United States)

Boeer, Michael; Scheumann, Marina

2018-01-01

Describing vocal repertoires represents an essential step towards gaining an overview about the complexity of acoustic communication in a given species. The analysis of infant vocalisations is essential for understanding the development and usage of species-specific vocalisations, but is often underrepresented, especially in species with long inter-birth intervals such as the white rhinoceros. Thus, this study aimed for the first time to characterise the infant and juvenile vocal repertoire of the Southern white rhinoceros and to relate these findings to the adult vocal repertoire. The behaviour of seven mother-reared white rhinoceros calves (two males, five females) and one hand-reared calf (male), ranging from one month to four years, was simultaneously audio and video-taped at three zoos. Normally reared infants and juveniles uttered four discriminable call types (Whine, Snort, Threat, and Pant) that were produced in different behavioural contexts. All call types were also uttered by the hand-reared calf. Call rates of Whines, but not of the other call types, decreased with age. These findings provide the first evidence that infant and juvenile rhinoceros utter specific call types in distinct contexts, even if they grow up with limited social interaction with conspecifics. By comparing our findings with the current literature on vocalisations of adult white rhinoceros and other solitary rhinoceros species, we discuss to which extent differences in the social lifestyle across species affect acoustic communication in mammals. PMID:29513670

The Oryctes virus: its detection, identification, and implementation in biological control of the coconut palm rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes rhinoceros (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae).

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Huger, Alois M

2005-05-01

In view of the increasing and devastating damage by rhinoceros beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros) to coconut palms in the middle of last century, many efforts were made to find an efficient natural control factor against this pest, which could not be controlled by pesticides. The basic procedures of these monitoring programmes are outlined together with the final detection of a virus disease in oil palm estates in Malaysia in 1963. In extensive laboratory studies, the virus was isolated and identified as the first non-occluded, rod-shaped insect virus, morphologically resembling the baculoviruses. Infection experiments clarified the pathology, histopathology, and virulence of the virus and demonstrated that the virus was extremely virulent to larvae after peroral application. These findings encouraged the first pilot release of virus in 1967 in coconut plantations of Western Samoa where breeding sites were contaminated with virus. Surprisingly, the virus became established in the Samoan rhinoceros beetle populations and spread autonomously throughout the Western Samoan islands. As a consequence, there was a drastic decline of the beetle populations followed by a conspicuous recovery of the badly damaged coconut stands. This unexpected phenomenon could only be explained after it was shown that the adult beetle itself is a very active virus vector and thus was responsible for the efficient autodissemination of the virus. The functioning of the beetle as a 'flying virus factory' is due to the unique cytopathic process developing in the midgut after peroral virus infection. Pathological details of this process are presented. Because of the long-term persistence of the virus in the populations, rhinoceros beetle control is maintained. Incorporation of virus into integrated control measures and successful virus releases in many other countries are recorded.

Kajian Penyebaran Kumbang Tanduk (Oryctes rhinoceros L.) Pada Areal Pertanaman Kelapa Sawit(Elais guinensis Jacq.)

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Siregar, Robbin Gafur

2011-01-01

Robbin gafur siregar, Study of Spreading of Oryctes rhinoceros beetle on Palm Oil Plantations, with the conseling prof. Dr. Ir. Darma Bakti and Ir. Marheni, MP. Spreading of Oryctes rhinoceros is influenced by environment factor. Research aimed to know the spreading of Oryctes rhinoceros on palm oil.This research was held in Afdeling VII, Kebun Rambutan PTPN III Tebing Tinggi, since Juli to September 2010. The research by using Linier regration to find spreading influence with environment fa...

Severe hypoxaemia in field-anaesthetised white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum and effects of using tracheal insufflation of oxygen

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M. Bush

2004-06-01

Full Text Available White rhinoceros anaesthetised with etorphine and azaperone combination develop adverse physiological changes including hypoxia, hypercapnia, acidosis, tachycardia and hypertension. These changes are more marked in field-anaesthetised rhinoceros. This study was designed to develop a technique to improve safety for field-anaesthetised white rhinoceros by tracheal intubation and oxygen insufflation. Twenty-five free-ranging white rhinoceros were anaesthetised with an etorphine and azaperone combination for translocation or placing microchips in their horns. Once anaesthetised the rhinoceros were monitored prior to crating for transportation or during microchip placement. Physiological measurements included heart and respiratory rate, blood pressure and arterial blood gas samples. Eighteen rhinoceros were intubated using an equine nasogastric tube passed nasally into the trachea and monitored before and after tracheal insufflation with oxygen. Seven rhinoceros were not intubated or insufflated with oxygen and served as controls. All anaesthetised rhinoceros were initially hypoxaemic (percentage arterial haemoglobin oxygen saturation (% O2Sa = 49 % + 16 (mean + SD and PaO2 = 4.666 + 1.200 kPa (35 + 9 mm Hg, hypercapnic (PaCO2 = 8.265 + 1.600 kPa (62 + 12 mm Hg and acidaemic (pHa = 7.171 + 0.073 . Base excess was -6.7 + 3.9 mmol/ℓ, indicating a mild to moderate metabolic acidosis. The rhinoceros were also hypertensive (systolic blood pressure = 21.861 + 5.465 kPa (164 + 41 mm Hg and tachycardic (HR = 107 + 31/min. Following nasal tracheal intubation and insufflation, the % O2Sa and PaO2 increased while blood pHa and PaCO2 remained unchanged.Tracheal intubation via the nose is not difficult, and when oxygen is insufflated, the PaO2 and the % O2Sa increases, markedly improving the safety of anaesthesia, but this technique does not correct the hypercapnoea or acidosis. After regaining their feet following reversal of the anaesthesia, the animals

Kajian Kemampuan Menyebar Kumbang Tanduk (Oryctes rhinoceros L.) pada Musim Hujan di Kebun Rambutan PTPN III

OpenAIRE

Anugrah, Ryan

2015-01-01

Ryan anugrah, Study of Spreading Ability of Oryctes rhinoceros beetle on Raining season at Kebun Rambutan PTPN III, with the conseling Ir. Marheni, MP and Ir. Fatimah Zahara. Spreading of Oryctes rhinoceros is influenced by environment factor. Researched aimed to know the spreading ability of oryctes rhinoceros on raining season at kebun Rambutan PTPN III. This research was held in Afdeling VII, Kebun Rambutan PTPN III Tebing Tinggi, Since July to September 2011. The research using Linier reg...

First Report of Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Causing Severe Disease in Allomyrina dichotoma in Korea

OpenAIRE

Lee, Seokhyun; Park, Kwan-Ho; Nam, Sung-Hee; Kwak, Kyu-Won; Choi, Ji-Young

2015-01-01

Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus (OrNV) has been known to cause severe disease in coconut palm rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes rhinoceros, in Southeastern Asia and is used as a biological control to reduce the pest population. Here, we report for the first time that the OrNV may have landed on Korea and may be the major pathogen for diseased larvae of Korean horn beetle, Allomyrina dichotoma. After peroral inoculation, over 60% of infected larvae perished in 6?wk. This viral disease spreads very fast ...

Effectiveness of Metarhizium anisopliae and Entomopathogenic Nematodes to Control Oryctes rhinoceros Larvae in the Rainy Season.

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Indriyanti, Dyah Rini; Widiyaningrum, Priyantini; Haryuni; Slamet, Muji; Maretta, Yoris Adi

2017-01-01

Metarhizium anisopliae (MET) and entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) are microorganisms that attack the larvae of Oryctes rhinoceros. The effects of MET, EPN and the combination of both on the O. rhinoceros larvae were studied during the rainy season in Jepara Indonesia. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Metarhizium anisopliae and entomopathogenic nematodes to control Oryctes rhinoceros larvae in the rainy season. There were four level doses of MET, four level doses of EPN and four mixture of MET and EPN. The experiment used 72 containers that were placed in the garden with coconut palm shade. Five kilograms of organic soil that was mixed with biological control agents (MET, EPN and MET+EPN) and ten O. rhinoceros larvae 3rd instar were put in each other container. The data were analyzed by descriptive analysis. Every larvae mortality was observed once a week and observations are for 8 weeks. The result showed that the larval mortality due to MET treatment occurred on 2nd-7th week. Meanwhile, the larval mortality due to EPN treatment took place on 2nd-8th weeks and the larval mortality due to MET+EPN treatment occurred on 1st-5th weeks. The combination of MET and EPN was simultaneously effective to control O. rhinoceros larvae than separate use of MET or EPN. Result of this study showed that using two agents of biocontrol was more effective, so that it can be beneficial for controlling O. rhinoceros larvae in the field.

Radiographic protocol and normal anatomy of the hind feet in the white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum).

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Dudley, Robert J; Wood, Simon P; Hutchinson, John R; Weller, Renate

2015-01-01

Foot pathology is a common and important health concern in captive rhinoceroses worldwide, but osteopathologies are rarely diagnosed, partly because of a lack of radiographic protocols. Here, we aimed to develop the first radiographic protocol for rhinoceros feet and describe the radiographic anatomy of the white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) hind foot (pes). Computed tomographic images were obtained of nine cadaver pedes from seven different white rhinoceroses and assessed for pathology. A single foot deemed free of pathology was radiographed using a range of different projections and exposures to determine the best protocol. 3D models were produced from the CT images and were displayed with the real radiographs to describe the normal radiographic anatomy of the white rhinoceros pes. An optimal radiographic projection was determined for each bone in the rhinoceros pes focusing on highlighting areas where pathology has been previously described. The projections deemed to be most useful were D60Pr-PlDiO (digit III), D45Pr45M-PlDiLO (digit II), and D40Pr35L-PlDiLO (digit IV). The primary beam was centered 5-7 cm proximal to the cuticle on the digit of interest. Articular surfaces, ridges, grooves, tubercles, processes and fossae were identified. The radiographic protocol we have developed along with the normal radiographic anatomy we have described will allow for more accessible and effective diagnosis of white rhinoceros foot osteopathologies. © 2014 American College of Veterinary Radiology.

Prospects of using Metarhizium anisopliae to check the breeding of insect pest, Oryctes rhinoceros L. in coconut leaf vermicomposting sites.

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Gopal, Murali; Gupta, Alka; Thomas, George V

2006-10-01

During vermicomposting of coconut leaves by the earthworm Eudrilus sp., Oryctes rhinoceros L. (rhinoceros beetle), an insect pest of palms, was found to breed in the decomposing organic material. Metarhizium anisopliae var. major was tried as a biocontrol agent for management of this pest. The effect of pathogen at spore loads of 10(3), 10(4) and 10(5) per 10 g of substrate was tested in laboratory on Eudrilus sp. kept with O. rhinoceros grubs and on Eudrilus sp. alone for the pathogenic capability of the fungus on the pest and its possible toxicity towards the vermin. The efficacy of the entomopathogen was also tested in the field in vermicomposting tanks. In laboratory bioassay, 100% mycosis of O. rhinoceros grubs could be obtained while the entomopathogen had no toxic effect on the earthworms. There was a positive change in the number and weight of the earthworms on treatment with M. anisopliae. In the field, application of M. anisopliae reduced O. rhinoceros grubs in the vermicomposting tanks upto an extent of 72%. In conclusion, M. anisopliae could effectively control O. rhinoceros in vermicomposting sites and was non-hazardous to the vermicomposting process as well as the Eudrilus sp.

The candelabra tree (Euphorbia ingens: a source of water for black rhinoceros in Liwonde National Park, Malawi

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C.O. Dudley

1997-08-01

Full Text Available The introduction of two rhinoceros into a 15 km2 fenced sanctuary within Liwonde National Park provided an opportunity for close observation of the animals feeding on the toxic succulent Euphorbia ingens. Feeding invariably caused the death of the plant and for plants with basal diameters between 5-17 cm, mortality ranged from 40-90 . During the severe drought of 1994 rhinoceros did not drink from the artificial waterhole from approximately 15 July to at least 23 September. As this waterhole was the only source of free water it is believed that the rhinoceros obtained their water from browsing on E. ingens.

Biologi Hama Kumbang Penggerek Pucuk Kelapa Sawit (Oryctes rhinoceros L.) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Di Rumah Kassa

OpenAIRE

Sejahtra, Ahmad

2011-01-01

Ahmad Sejahtra, "BIOLOGY SHOOT BORERS BEETLE PEST OF COCONUT PALM (Oryctes rhinoceros L.) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) AT KASSA HOUSE", Under supervised by Ms Marheni and Ms Fatima Zahara. This study aims to determine biological pest of oil palm bud weevil (Oryctes rhinoceros L.) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) at home kassa. The experiment was conducted on people's plantations in PERUMNAS Simalingkar starting from September 2010 until April 2011. Research using observational methods for this resear...

Black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) and domestic horse (Equus caballus) hindgut microflora demonstrate similar fermentation responses to grape seed extract supplementation in vitro.

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Huntley, N F; Naumann, H D; Kenny, A L; Kerley, M S

2017-10-01

The domestic horse is used as a nutritional model for rhinoceros maintained under human care. The validity of this model for browsing rhinoceros has been questioned due to high prevalence of iron overload disorder (IOD) in captive black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis), which is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Iron chelators, such as tannins, are under investigation as dietary supplements to ameliorate or prevent IOD in prone species. Polyphenolic compounds variably affect microbial fermentation, so the first objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of grape seed extract (GSE; a concentrated source of condensed tannins; CT) on black rhinoceros hindgut fermentation. Equine nutrition knowledge is used to assess supplements for rhinoceros; therefore, the second objective was to evaluate the domestic horse model for black rhinoceros fermentation and compare fermentation responses to GSE using a continuous single-flow in vitro culture system. Two replicated continuous culture experiments were conducted using horse and black rhinoceros faeces as inoculum sources comparing four diets with increasing GSE inclusion (0.0%, 1.3%, 2.7% and 4.0% of diet dry matter). Diet and GSE polyphenolic compositions were determined, and sodium sulphite effect on neutral detergent fibre extraction of CT-containing forages was tested. Increasing GSE inclusion stimulated microbial growth and fermentation, and proportionally increased diet CT concentration and iron-binding capacity. Horse and black rhinoceros hindgut microflora nutrient digestibility and fermentation responses to GSE did not differ, and results supported equine fermentation as an adequate model for microbial fermentation in the black rhinoceros. Interpretation of these results is limited to hindgut fermentation and further research is needed to compare foregut digestibility and nutrient absorption between these two species. Supplementation of GSE in black rhinoceros diets up to 4% is unlikely to

Vitamin D status of wild Ricord's iguanas (Cyclura ricordii) and captive and wild rhinoceros iguanas (Cyclura cornuta cornuta) in the Dominican Republic.

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Ramer, Jan C; Maria, Roberto; Reichard, Tim; Tolson, Peter J; Chen, Tai C; Holick, Michael F

2005-06-01

Calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D) values are reported for 22 wild Ricord's iguanas (Cyclura ricordii) and seven wild rhinoceros iguanas (Cyclura cornuta cornuta). Calcitriol (1,25-hydroxyvitamin D) values are reported for 12 wild Ricord's iguanas and seven wild rhinoceros iguanas. These animals were captured as part of a larger health assessment study being conducted on Ricord's iguanas in Isla Cabritos National Park, Dominican Republic. A total of 13 captive rhinoceros iguanas held outdoors at Parque Zoológico Nacional were also sampled for comparison. Mean concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D were 554 nmol/L (222 ng/ml) with a range of 250-1,118 nmol/L (100-448 ng/ml) for wild Ricord's iguanas, 332 nmol/L (133 ng/ml) with a range of 260-369 nmol/L (104-148 ng/ml) for wild rhinoceros iguanas, and 317 nmol/L (127 ng/ml) with a range of 220-519 nmol/L (88-208 ng/ml) for captive rhinoceros iguanas. On the basis of these results, serum concentrations of at least 325 nmol/L (130 ng/ml) for 25-hydroxyvitamin D should be considered normal for healthy Ricord's and rhinoceros iguanas.

On Rhinoceros simus, Burchell in the Leiden Museum

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Jentink, F.A.

1890-01-01

According to Dr. P. L. Sclater (Nature, September 25, 1890, p. 520) Mr. F. Selous says in the Field of August 16 as follows: — »it was within a mile of this spot that, two years previously (i. e. in 1888), I shot two white Rhinoceroses Rhinoceros simus), the last of their kind that have been killed

First report of Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) causing severe disease in Allomyrina dichotoma in Korea.

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Seokhyun; Park, Kwan-Ho; Nam, Sung-Hee; Kwak, Kyu-Won; Choi, Ji-Young

2015-01-01

Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus (OrNV) has been known to cause severe disease in coconut palm rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes rhinoceros, in Southeastern Asia and is used as a biological control to reduce the pest population. Here, we report for the first time that the OrNV may have landed on Korea and may be the major pathogen for diseased larvae of Korean horn beetle, Allomyrina dichotoma. After peroral inoculation, over 60% of infected larvae perished in 6 wk. This viral disease spreads very fast in several locations throughout Korea. This threat not only makes economic loss of local farms rearing A. dichotoma larvae but also may disturb the ecosystem by transmitting to wild A. dichotoma. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Entomological Society of America.

Oxygen binding properties of hemoglobin from the white rhinoceros (beta 2-GLU) and the tapir.

Science.gov (United States)

Baumann, R; Mazur, G; Braunitzer, G

1984-04-01

The beta-chain of rhinoceros hemoglobin contains glutamic acid at position beta 2, and important site for the binding of organic phosphates. We have investigated the oxygen binding properties of this hemoglobin and its interaction with ATP, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, CO2 and chloride. The results show that the presence of GLU at position beta 2 nearly abolishes the effect of organic phosphates and CO2, whereas the oxygen-linked binding of chloride is not affected. Thus rhinoceros hemoglobin has only protons and chloride anions as major allosteric effectors for the control of its oxygen affinity. From the results obtained with hemoglobin solutions it can be calculated that the blood oxygen affinity of the rhinoceros must be rather high with a P50 of about 20 torr at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C, which conforms with observations obtained for other large mammals.

Remotely piloted aircraft systems as a rhinoceros anti-poaching tool in Africa.

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Margarita Mulero-Pázmány

Full Text Available Over the last years there has been a massive increase in rhinoceros poaching incidents, with more than two individuals killed per day in South Africa in the first months of 2013. Immediate actions are needed to preserve current populations and the agents involved in their protection are demanding new technologies to increase their efficiency in the field. We assessed the use of remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS to monitor for poaching activities. We performed 20 flights with 3 types of cameras: visual photo, HD video and thermal video, to test the ability of the systems to detect (a rhinoceros, (b people acting as poachers and (c to do fence surveillance. The study area consisted of several large game farms in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa. The targets were better detected at the lowest altitudes, but to operate the plane safely and in a discreet way, altitudes between 100 and 180 m were the most convenient. Open areas facilitated target detection, while forest habitats complicated it. Detectability using visual cameras was higher at morning and midday, but the thermal camera provided the best images in the morning and at night. Considering not only the technical capabilities of the systems but also the poacherś modus operandi and the current control methods, we propose RPAS usage as a tool for surveillance of sensitive areas, for supporting field anti-poaching operations, as a deterrent tool for poachers and as a complementary method for rhinoceros ecology research. Here, we demonstrate that low cost RPAS can be useful for rhinoceros stakeholders for field control procedures. There are, however, important practical limitations that should be considered for their successful and realistic integration in the anti-poaching battle.

Japanese Interest in “Hotaru” (Fireflies) and “Kabuto-Mushi” (Japanese Rhinoceros Beetles) Corresponds with Seasonality in Visible Abundance

Science.gov (United States)

Takada, Kenta

2012-01-01

Seasonal changes in the popularity of fireflies [usually Genji-fireflies (Luciola cruciata Motschulsky) in Japan] and Japanese rhinoceros beetles [Allomyrina dichotoma (Linne)] were investigated to examine whether contemporary Japanese are interested in visible emergence of these insects as seasonal events. The popularity of fireflies and Japanese rhinoceros beetles was assessed by the Google search volume of their Japanese names, “Hotaru” and “Kabuto-mushi” in Japanese Katakana script using Google Trends. The search volume index for fireflies and Japanese rhinoceros beetles was distributed across seasons with a clear peak in only particular times of each year from 2004 to 2011. In addition, the seasonal peak of popularity for fireflies occurred at the beginning of June, whereas that for Japanese rhinoceros beetles occurred from the middle of July to the beginning of August. Thus seasonal peak of each species coincided with the peak period of the emergence of each adult stage. These findings indicated that the Japanese are interested in these insects primarily during the time when the two species are most visibly abundant. Although untested, this could suggest that fireflies and Japanese rhinoceros beetles are perceived by the general public as indicators or symbols of summer in Japan. PMID:26466535

Black rhinoceros Diceros bicomis capture, transportation and boma management by the Natal Parks Board

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

R.R. Henwood

1989-10-01

Full Text Available Selected Papers from the Rhinoceros Conservation Workshop, Skukuza, Kruger National Park,31 August – 4 September 1988 The procedure used by the Natal Parks Board in the capture of black rhinoceros Diceros bicomis minor (Drummond, 1876 is outlined. It is emphasised that a successful capture operation requires careful planning and should not be attempted by the uninitiated or by parties who have little or no experience. Dosages of drugs are given, the darting and actual capture procedures highlighted, and aspects of transport and practical boma management are described.

Isonychia spp. and macroinvertebrate community responses to stressors in streams utilizing the benthic in situ toxicity identification evaluation (BiTIE) method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Custer, Kevin W.; Burton, G. Allen

2008-01-01

Exposures of caged organisms in situ have proven to be a useful way to improve exposure realism and link to stressor effects in aquatic assessments of hazard or risk. A novel cage system, the benthic in situ toxicity identification evaluation (BiTIE), was developed for benthic macroinvertebrates (surrogate species, resident populations and communities) to separate low and high flow effects, and major chemical classes of stressors in streams. Three resin types were used to separate the chemical stressors in the streams Honey Creek and Little Beavercreek, Ohio, USA: Dowex TM Optipore TM (non-polar organics), zeolite (ammonia), and polywool (control). Isonychia spp. sensitivity was compared to Chironomus tentans, and no significant differences were found (p > 0.05). Isonychia spp. growth (length) showed a stressor response in the zeolite treatments, and community testing revealed improved metric responses in the Dowex TM treatments. The BiTIE chamber system demonstrated stressor-response relationships using sublethal and multimetric endpoints. - Use of an indigenous aquatic insect and benthic macroinvertebrate communities allows for discerning the stressors in low and high flows with an in situ TIE approach

Case report: Amputation for a puff adder (Bitis arietans envenomation in a child - 1954

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Charles T West

2014-02-01

Full Text Available Diaries spanning three decades (1943-1964 have been discovered that tell the story of the life of missionary nurses, doctors and surgeons working at the Lui and Leer Hospitals in South Sudan (then known as Southern Sudan. The medical facility at Leer during this period covered a 300 miles radius serving approximately 60,000 of the Nilotic Western Nuer tribe [1]. It was among these records that the following case description was found. The puff adder (Bitis arietans is one of the commonest African snakes, causing more bites in animals and humans than all other species of snake put together in sub-Saharan regions. It commonly inhabits the banks of the Nile

The Effect of Water Content of Medium Containing Oryctes rhinoceros Larvae on Metarhizium anisopliae Pathogenicity

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Dyah Rini Indriyanti

2017-08-01

Full Text Available The entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff Sorokin (Ascomycota: Hypocrealeswould effectively infect the target host on the appropriate medium water content. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of water content of medium on the effectiveness of M. anisopliae fungus infection on O. rhinoceros larvae in the laboratory. Fifty healthy third instar larvae of O. rhinoceros were  obtained from field. The M. anisopliae obtained from Estate Crop Protection Board in Salatiga. The conidia density and viability of M. anisopliae were examined before used. The medium for maintaining the larva was the sawdust that had been sterilized. A total of 50 plastic cups were prepared to place 50 larvae (1 larva/cup. Each cup was filled with 100 g medium  of sawdust plus 2 g of M. anisopliae which was then stirred until mixed, with different water content: P1 (20%, P2 (40%, P3 (60%, P4 (80% and P5 (98%. The result indicated that  the water content of the medium affected the effectiveness of M. anisopliae fungus infection on O. rhinoceros larvae. The water content influenced the duration of larval mortality at each treatment. An important finding in this study is that controlling O. rhineceros larvae  with M. anisopliae can be done by manipulating the water content of medium. The benefit of this study may be used for the recommendation of O. rhinoceros pest control using M. anisopliae  with an effective water media content.

Middle Pleistocene protein sequences from the rhinoceros genus Stephanorhinus and the phylogeny of extant and extinct Middle/Late Pleistocene Rhinocerotidae.

Science.gov (United States)

Welker, Frido; Smith, Geoff M; Hutson, Jarod M; Kindler, Lutz; Garcia-Moreno, Alejandro; Villaluenga, Aritza; Turner, Elaine; Gaudzinski-Windheuser, Sabine

2017-01-01

Ancient protein sequences are increasingly used to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships between extinct and extant mammalian taxa. Here, we apply these recent developments to Middle Pleistocene bone specimens of the rhinoceros genus Stephanorhinus . No biomolecular sequence data is currently available for this genus, leaving phylogenetic hypotheses on its evolutionary relationships to extant and extinct rhinoceroses untested. Furthermore, recent phylogenies based on Rhinocerotidae (partial or complete) mitochondrial DNA sequences differ in the placement of the Sumatran rhinoceros ( Dicerorhinus sumatrensis ). Therefore, studies utilising ancient protein sequences from Middle Pleistocene contexts have the potential to provide further insights into the phylogenetic relationships between extant and extinct species, including Stephanorhinus and Dicerorhinus . ZooMS screening (zooarchaeology by mass spectrometry) was performed on several Late and Middle Pleistocene specimens from the genus Stephanorhinus , subsequently followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to obtain ancient protein sequences from a Middle Pleistocene Stephanorhinus specimen. We performed parallel analysis on a Late Pleistocene woolly rhinoceros specimen and extant species of rhinoceroses, resulting in the availability of protein sequence data for five extant species and two extinct genera. Phylogenetic analysis additionally included all extant Perissodactyla genera ( Equus , Tapirus ), and was conducted using Bayesian (MrBayes) and maximum-likelihood (RAxML) methods. Various ancient proteins were identified in both the Middle and Late Pleistocene rhinoceros samples. Protein degradation and proteome complexity are consistent with an endogenous origin of the identified proteins. Phylogenetic analysis of informative proteins resolved the Perissodactyla phylogeny in agreement with previous studies in regards to the placement of the families Equidae, Tapiridae, and

Isonychia spp. and macroinvertebrate community responses to stressors in streams utilizing the benthic in situ toxicity identification evaluation (BiTIE) method

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Custer, Kevin W. [Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Wright State University, 127 Allyn Hall, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH 45435 (United States)], E-mail: custer.4@wright.edu; Burton, G. Allen [Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Wright State University, 127 Allyn Hall, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH 45435 (United States)

2008-01-15

Exposures of caged organisms in situ have proven to be a useful way to improve exposure realism and link to stressor effects in aquatic assessments of hazard or risk. A novel cage system, the benthic in situ toxicity identification evaluation (BiTIE), was developed for benthic macroinvertebrates (surrogate species, resident populations and communities) to separate low and high flow effects, and major chemical classes of stressors in streams. Three resin types were used to separate the chemical stressors in the streams Honey Creek and Little Beavercreek, Ohio, USA: Dowex{sup TM} Optipore{sup TM} (non-polar organics), zeolite (ammonia), and polywool (control). Isonychia spp. sensitivity was compared to Chironomus tentans, and no significant differences were found (p > 0.05). Isonychia spp. growth (length) showed a stressor response in the zeolite treatments, and community testing revealed improved metric responses in the Dowex{sup TM} treatments. The BiTIE chamber system demonstrated stressor-response relationships using sublethal and multimetric endpoints. - Use of an indigenous aquatic insect and benthic macroinvertebrate communities allows for discerning the stressors in low and high flows with an in situ TIE approach.

Impact of black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis minor) on a local population of Euphorbia bothae in the Great Fish River Reserve, South Africa

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Luske, B.L.; Mertens, T.; Lent, P.C.; Boer, de W.F.; Prins, H.H.T.

2009-01-01

In the Great Fish River Reserve, South Africa, black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis minor) feed extensively on a local population of Euphorbia bothae. Maintaining the endangered black rhinoceros and the protected E. bothae population are both conservation priorities of the reserve. Therefore, the

Isolation, cDNA cloning and gene expression of an antibacterial protein from larvae of the coconut rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes rhinoceros.

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, J; Yamamoto, M; Ishibashi, J; Taniai, K; Yamakawa, M

1998-08-01

An antibacterial protein, designated rhinocerosin, was purified to homogeneity from larvae of the coconut rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes rhinoceros immunized with Escherichia coli. Based on the amino acid sequence of the N-terminal region, a degenerate primer was synthesized and reverse-transcriptase PCR was performed to clone rhinocerosin cDNA. As a result, a 279-bp fragment was obtained. The complete nucleotide sequence was determined by sequencing the extended rhinocerosin cDNA clone by 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The deduced amino acid sequence of the mature portion of rhinocerosin was composed of 72 amino acids without cystein residues and was shown to be rich in glycine (11.1%) and proline (11.1%) residues. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of rhinocerosin with those of other antibacterial proteins indicated that it has 77.8% and 44.6% identity with holotricin 2 and coleoptrecin, respectively. Rhinocerosin had strong antibacterial activity against E. coli, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus but not against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results of reverse-transcriptase PCR analysis of gene expression in different tissues indicated that the rhinocerosin gene is strongly expressed in the fat body and the Malpighian tubule, and weakly expressed in hemocytes and midgut. In addition, gene expression was inducible by bacteria in the fat body, the Malpighian tubule and hemocyte but constitutive expression was observed in the midgut.

A Multiplex PCR Assay for Differentiating Coconut Rhinoceros Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) From Oriental Flower Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Early Life Stages and Excrement.

Science.gov (United States)

Watanabe, S; Melzer, M J

2017-04-01

The coconut rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes rhinoceros (L.), is a major pest of coconut and other palm trees. An incipient coconut rhinoceros beetle population was recently discovered on the island of Oahu, Hawaii and is currently the target of a large, mutiagency eradication program. Confounding this program is the widespread presence of another scarab beetle on Oahu, the oriental flower beetle, Protaetia orientalis (Gory and Percheron 1833). Eggs, early life stages, and fecal excrement of coconut rhinoceros beetle and oriental flower beetle are morphologically indistinguishable, thereby creating uncertainty when such specimens are discovered in the field. Here, we report the development of a multiplex PCR assay targeting cytochrome oxidase I of coconut rhinoceros beetle and oriental flower beetle that can rapidly detect and distinguish between these insects. This assay also features an internal positive control to ensure DNA of sufficient quantity and quality is used in the assay, increasing its reliability and reducing the chances of false negative results. © The Authors 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Density, Viability Conidia And Symptoms of Metarhizium anisopliae infection on Oryctes rhinoceros larvae

Science.gov (United States)

Indriyanti, D. R.; Putri, R. I. P.; Widiyaningrum, P.; Herlina, L.

2017-04-01

M. anisopliae is parasitic fungus on insect pests; it is used as a biocontrol agent. M. anisopliae can be propagated on maize or rice substrate. M. anisopliae is currently sold in the form of kaolin powder formulations. Before it is used to check the density, viability and pathogenicity of M. anisopliae. However the problem is the kaolin powder very soft, so it difficult to distinguish between kaolin and conidia. This article gives information on how to calculate conidia density, viability and symptoms of M. anisopliae infection on Oryctes rhinoceros larvae. The study was conducted in the laboratory to determine the density and viability. The pathogenicity testing was done using pots. The Pot is containing soil substrate mixed with M. Anispoliae and ten tails O. Rhinoceros larvae per pot. The results showed that the density of M. anisopliae conidia was 1.81 x 108 conidia mL-1 and the viability was 94% within 24 hours. The larval mortality began to emerge in the 1st week, and all larvae died at the sixth week. The symptom of M. anisopliae infection on Oryctes rhinoceros larvae, there was a black spot on the larval integument. The larvae movements become slow and poor appetite; it will die within 3-7 days. The larvae die hard, and the white hyphae grow on the body surface that turns green.

Remotely piloted aircraft systems as a rhinoceros anti-poaching tool in Africa

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Mulero-Pazmany, M

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Over the last years there has been a massive increase in rhinoceros poaching incidents, with more than two individuals killed per day in South Africa in the first months of 2013. Immediate actions are needed to preserve current populations...

Captive breeding of the white rhinoceros, Ceratotherium simum, and the Cape buffalo, Syncerus caffer : research communication

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J.D. Skinner

2006-09-01

Full Text Available Breeding records of 40 white rhinoceros and 155 Cape buffalo were analysed. Three rhinoceros cows bred in captivity, themselves conceived for the first time at 84, 87 and 95 months of age, respectively. Rhinoceros cows breed throughout the year. There is no evidence of a relationship between calving interval and month of birth. Calving intervals were normally distributed about the mean of 34 months and there were no significant differences between bulls, cows or sex of calf. There was no difference in the sex ratio of calves born to young cows nor older cows. The male:female ratio of the calves was Younger cows did not have shorter birth intervals. Although captive Cape buffaloes breed throughout the year, there is a preponderance of births in midsummer. There was some evidence that larger cows produce heavier calves and that season of birth may influence birth weight. Male calves weighed 41.20 + 0.68 kg vs 39.00 + 0.73 kg (range 24-60 kg for female calves but this difference was not significant. Calving intervals were normally distributed about the mean of 395 days and the male:female ratio of the calves was 1:1.2.

Isolation, cDNA cloning, and structure-based functional characterization of oryctin, a hemolymph protein from the coconut rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes rhinoceros, as a novel serine protease inhibitor.

Science.gov (United States)

Horita, Shoichiro; Ishibashi, Jun; Nagata, Koji; Miyakawa, Takuya; Yamakawa, Minoru; Tanokura, Masaru

2010-09-24

We isolated oryctin, a 66-residue peptide, from the hemolymph of the coconut rhinoceros beetle Oryctes rhinoceros and cloned its cDNA. Oryctin is dissimilar to any other known peptides in amino acid sequence, and its function has been unknown. To reveal that function, we determined the solution structure of recombinant (13)C,(15)N-labeled oryctin by heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy. Oryctin exhibits a fold similar to that of Kazal-type serine protease inhibitors but has a unique additional C-terminal α-helix. We performed protease inhibition assays of oryctin against several bacterial and eukaryotic proteases. Oryctin does inhibit the following serine proteases: α-chymotrypsin, endopeptidase K, subtilisin Carlsberg, and leukocyte elastase, with K(i) values of 3.9 × 10(-10) m, 6.2 × 10(-10) m, 1.4 × 10(-9) m, and 1.2 × 10(-8) m, respectively. Although the target molecule of oryctin in the beetle hemolymph remains obscure, our results showed that oryctin is a novel single domain Kazal-type inhibitor and could play a key role in protecting against bacterial infections.

Tekanan Metarhizium anisopliae dan Feromon terhadap Populasi dan Tingkat Kerusakan oleh Oryctes rhinoceros

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Wtjaksono Witjaksono

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Oryctes rhinoceros is one of the most serious pests in coconut palm tree. Biological control for controlling the pest is done by applying fungal entomopathogen Metarhizium anisopliae on its breeding sites to infect the larvae. Recent development for controlling Oryctes beetle was including the use of pheromone trap baited with ethyl-4-methyl octanoic which attract both male and female of the Oryctes beetle. This research was aimed to determine the effect of combination of both entomopathogen and pheromone application on the population dynamics of rhinoceros beetle, and the intensity of leaf damage on coconut tree. For this purpose, a research was conducted in local farmer coconut tree in the Bojong Village, Panjatan District, Kulon Progo from June 2009−January 2010. Observation including leaf damage intensity before and after application, the number of adult beetle trapped by pheromone, and the number infected larvae in the breeding site. The result showed that there were significant differences among all treatments in term of intensity of leaf damage, the number of trapped adult beetle, and the number of larvae at the breeding site. Leaf damage on control, pheromone application, and combined treatment were: 4.73%; 1.08% and 0.65%. The number of trapped Rhinoceros beetle by ferotrap was 101; in combined treatment was 52. The number of M. anisopliae infected grub were 265 out of 281 total observed grub.   INTISARI Kerusakan tanaman kelapa akibat serangan Oryctes rhinoceros terjadi mulai pada tanaman muda. Mengingat besarnya kerugian yang ditimbulkan, maka perlu diupayakan cara pengendalian yang efisien, efektif dan aman bagi sumber daya alam dan lingkungan. Salah satu cara pengendalian secara hayati adalah dengan menggunakan cendawan patogenik Metarhizium anisopliae. Selain menggunakan cendawan, upaya terkini dalam mengendalikan kumbang badak adalah dengan menggunakan perangkap berferomon. Feromon dengan bahan aktif Etil-4-metil oktanoat dapat

An analysis of the habitat of the Greater One-horned Rhinoceros Rhinoceros unicorns (Mammalia: Perissodactyla: Rhinocerotidae at the Chitwan National Park, Nepal

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V. Thapa

2014-09-01

Full Text Available We used Geographic Information Systems (GIS and landscape-level data obtained from remote sensing sources to build a habitat suitability index model (HSI for the Greater One-horned Rhinoceros Rhinoceros unicornis. The model was based primarily on important habitat requisites of the modeled species, especially food and cover. We extracted food and cover from land cover map and ran focal statistics to determine their proportion in a neighborhood of 70x70 pixels that accounts for the animal’s average mean annual home range, which is ~4km2 = 400 ha = 70x70 pixels x 900 m2 = 4410000/10000 = 441 ha. We used two arbitrarily selected parameters a and Tc to observe the impacts of food and cover on the HSI. We performed sensitivity analysis by varying values of parameters around their nominal, which revealed that the HSI value of a pixel is changed with uncertainty with very low values of a fraction of the food or cover. We identified four habitat types from the HSI map. We used patch and class metrics of FRAGSTATS program to estimate the amount and fragmentation of each habitat type. The metrics provided composition and configuration status for all four habitat types. We found a presence of a total of 476 patches with 517.82km2 belonging to suitable habitat type. These areas can be targeted for management, monitoring and improvement to provide habitat for the target and sympatric species.

Isolation, cDNA Cloning, and Structure-based Functional Characterization of Oryctin, a Hemolymph Protein from the Coconut Rhinoceros Beetle, Oryctes rhinoceros, as a Novel Serine Protease Inhibitor*

Science.gov (United States)

Horita, Shoichiro; Ishibashi, Jun; Nagata, Koji; Miyakawa, Takuya; Yamakawa, Minoru; Tanokura, Masaru

2010-01-01

We isolated oryctin, a 66-residue peptide, from the hemolymph of the coconut rhinoceros beetle Oryctes rhinoceros and cloned its cDNA. Oryctin is dissimilar to any other known peptides in amino acid sequence, and its function has been unknown. To reveal that function, we determined the solution structure of recombinant 13C,15N-labeled oryctin by heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy. Oryctin exhibits a fold similar to that of Kazal-type serine protease inhibitors but has a unique additional C-terminal α-helix. We performed protease inhibition assays of oryctin against several bacterial and eukaryotic proteases. Oryctin does inhibit the following serine proteases: α-chymotrypsin, endopeptidase K, subtilisin Carlsberg, and leukocyte elastase, with Ki values of 3.9 × 10−10 m, 6.2 × 10−10 m, 1.4 × 10−9 m, and 1.2 × 10−8 m, respectively. Although the target molecule of oryctin in the beetle hemolymph remains obscure, our results showed that oryctin is a novel single domain Kazal-type inhibitor and could play a key role in protecting against bacterial infections. PMID:20630859

Skin lipid structure controls water permeability in snake molts.

Science.gov (United States)

Torri, Cristian; Mangoni, Alfonso; Teta, Roberta; Fattorusso, Ernesto; Alibardi, Lorenzo; Fermani, Simona; Bonacini, Irene; Gazzano, Massimo; Burghammer, Manfred; Fabbri, Daniele; Falini, Giuseppe

2014-01-01

The role of lipids in controlling water exchange is fundamentally a matter of molecular organization. In the present study we have observed that in snake molt the water permeability drastically varies among species living in different climates and habitats. The analysis of molts from four snake species: tiger snake, Notechis scutatus, gabon viper, Bitis gabonica, rattle snake, Crotalus atrox, and grass snake, Natrix natrix, revealed correlations between the molecular composition and the structural organization of the lipid-rich mesos layer with control in water exchange as a function of temperature. It was discovered, merging data from micro-diffraction and micro-spectroscopy with those from thermal, NMR and chromatographic analyses, that this control is generated from a sophisticated structural organization that changes size and phase distribution of crystalline domains of specific lipid molecules as a function of temperature. Thus, the results of this research on four snake species suggest that in snake skins different structured lipid layers have evolved and adapted to different climates. Moreover, these lipid structures can protect, "safety", the snakes from water lost even at temperatures higher than those of their usual habitat. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Feasibility Study of NMR Based Serum Metabolomic Profiling to Animal Health Monitoring: A Case Study on Iron Storage Disease in Captive Sumatran Rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis).

Science.gov (United States)

Watanabe, Miki; Roth, Terri L; Bauer, Stuart J; Lane, Adam; Romick-Rosendale, Lindsey E

2016-01-01

A variety of wildlife species maintained in captivity are susceptible to iron storage disease (ISD), or hemochromatosis, a disease resulting from the deposition of excess iron into insoluble iron clusters in soft tissue. Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) is one of the rhinoceros species that has evolutionarily adapted to a low-iron diet and is susceptible to iron overload. Hemosiderosis is reported at necropsy in many African black and Sumatran rhinoceroses but only a small number of animals reportedly die from hemochromatosis. The underlying cause and reasons for differences in susceptibility to hemochromatosis within the taxon remains unclear. Although serum ferritin concentrations have been useful in monitoring the progression of ISD in many species, there is some question regarding their value in diagnosing hemochromatosis in the Sumatran rhino. To investigate the metabolic changes during the development of hemochromatosis and possibly increase our understanding of its progression and individual susceptibility differences, the serum metabolome from a Sumatran rhinoceros was investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics. The study involved samples from female rhinoceros at the Cincinnati Zoo (n = 3), including two animals that died from liver failure caused by ISD, and the Sungai Dusun Rhinoceros Conservation Centre in Peninsular Malaysia (n = 4). Principal component analysis was performed to visually and statistically compare the metabolic profiles of the healthy animals. The results indicated that significant differences were present between the animals at the zoo and the animals in the conservation center. A comparison of the 43 serum metabolomes of three zoo rhinoceros showed two distinct groupings, healthy (n = 30) and unhealthy (n = 13). A total of eighteen altered metabolites were identified in healthy versus unhealthy samples. Results strongly suggest that NMR-based metabolomics is a valuable tool for animal health

Feasibility Study of NMR Based Serum Metabolomic Profiling to Animal Health Monitoring: A Case Study on Iron Storage Disease in Captive Sumatran Rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Miki Watanabe

Full Text Available A variety of wildlife species maintained in captivity are susceptible to iron storage disease (ISD, or hemochromatosis, a disease resulting from the deposition of excess iron into insoluble iron clusters in soft tissue. Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis is one of the rhinoceros species that has evolutionarily adapted to a low-iron diet and is susceptible to iron overload. Hemosiderosis is reported at necropsy in many African black and Sumatran rhinoceroses but only a small number of animals reportedly die from hemochromatosis. The underlying cause and reasons for differences in susceptibility to hemochromatosis within the taxon remains unclear. Although serum ferritin concentrations have been useful in monitoring the progression of ISD in many species, there is some question regarding their value in diagnosing hemochromatosis in the Sumatran rhino. To investigate the metabolic changes during the development of hemochromatosis and possibly increase our understanding of its progression and individual susceptibility differences, the serum metabolome from a Sumatran rhinoceros was investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR-based metabolomics. The study involved samples from female rhinoceros at the Cincinnati Zoo (n = 3, including two animals that died from liver failure caused by ISD, and the Sungai Dusun Rhinoceros Conservation Centre in Peninsular Malaysia (n = 4. Principal component analysis was performed to visually and statistically compare the metabolic profiles of the healthy animals. The results indicated that significant differences were present between the animals at the zoo and the animals in the conservation center. A comparison of the 43 serum metabolomes of three zoo rhinoceros showed two distinct groupings, healthy (n = 30 and unhealthy (n = 13. A total of eighteen altered metabolites were identified in healthy versus unhealthy samples. Results strongly suggest that NMR-based metabolomics is a valuable tool for

Mechanical limits to maximum weapon size in a giant rhinoceros beetle.

Science.gov (United States)

McCullough, Erin L

2014-07-07

The horns of giant rhinoceros beetles are a classic example of the elaborate morphologies that can result from sexual selection. Theory predicts that sexual traits will evolve to be increasingly exaggerated until survival costs balance the reproductive benefits of further trait elaboration. In Trypoxylus dichotomus, long horns confer a competitive advantage to males, yet previous studies have found that they do not incur survival costs. It is therefore unlikely that horn size is limited by the theoretical cost-benefit equilibrium. However, males sometimes fight vigorously enough to break their horns, so mechanical limits may set an upper bound on horn size. Here, I tested this mechanical limit hypothesis by measuring safety factors across the full range of horn sizes. Safety factors were calculated as the ratio between the force required to break a horn and the maximum force exerted on a horn during a typical fight. I found that safety factors decrease with increasing horn length, indicating that the risk of breakage is indeed highest for the longest horns. Structural failure of oversized horns may therefore oppose the continued exaggeration of horn length driven by male-male competition and set a mechanical limit on the maximum size of rhinoceros beetle horns. © 2014 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved.

Elaborate horns in a giant rhinoceros beetle incur negligible aerodynamic costs.

Science.gov (United States)

McCullough, Erin L; Tobalske, Bret W

2013-05-07

Sexually selected ornaments and weapons are among nature's most extravagant morphologies. Both ornaments and weapons improve a male's reproductive success; yet, unlike ornaments that need only attract females, weapons must be robust and functional structures because they are frequently tested during male-male combat. Consequently, weapons are expected to be particularly costly to bear. Here, we tested the aerodynamic costs of horns in the giant rhinoceros beetle, Trypoxylus dichotomus. We predicted that the long, forked head horn would have three main effects on flight performance: increased body mass, an anterior shift in the centre of mass and increased body drag. We found that the horns were surprisingly lightweight, and therefore had a trivial effect on the male beetles' total mass and mass distribution. Furthermore, because beetles typically fly at slow speeds and high body angles, horns had little effect on total body drag. Together, the weight and the drag of horns increased the overall force required to fly by less than 3 per cent, even in the largest males. Because low-cost structures are expected to be highly evolutionarily labile, the fact that horns incur very minor flight costs may have permitted both the elaboration and diversification of rhinoceros beetle horns.

The cuticular hydrocarbons of the giant soil-burrowing cockroach Macropanesthia rhinoceros saussure (Blattodea: Blaberidae: Geoscapheinae): analysis with respect to age, sex and location.

Science.gov (United States)

Brown, W V; Rose, H A; Lacey, M J; Wright, K

2000-11-01

The cuticular hydrocarbons of a widespread species of soil-burrowing cockroach, Macropanesthia rhinoceros, have been sampled from most of its known geographical locations. Analysis of extracts from individual insects has enabled a study of differences within a population as well as among geographical locations. In the case of M. rhinoceros, except for newly hatched first-instar nymphs, variations in hydrocarbon composition among individuals of different cohorts of M. rhinoceros, based on age and sex, are no greater than those among individuals of a single cohort. Geographical populations of this species are variable in hydrocarbon composition unless they occur within a few kilometres of each other. A few populations showed very different hydrocarbon patterns but, in the absence of any correlating biological differences, it is uncertain whether this signifies the presence of otherwise unrecognizable sibling species or just extreme examples of the geographical variation characteristic of this group of insects.

Effects of age and sex ratios on offspring recruitment rates in translocated black rhinoceros.

Science.gov (United States)

Gedir, Jay V; Law, Peter R; du Preez, Pierre; Linklater, Wayne L

2018-06-01

Success of animal translocations depends on improving postrelease demographic rates toward establishment and subsequent growth of released populations. Short-term metrics for evaluating translocation success and its drivers, like postrelease survival and fecundity, are unlikely to represent longer-term outcomes. We used information theory to investigate 25 years of data on black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) translocations. We used the offspring recruitment rate (ORR) of translocated females-a metric integrating survival, fecundity, and offspring recruitment at sexual maturity-to detect determinants of success. Our unambiguously best model (AICω = 0.986) predicted that ORR increases with female age at release as a function of lower postrelease adult rhinoceros sex ratio (males:females). Delay of first postrelease reproduction and failure of some females to recruit any calves to sexual maturity most influenced the pattern of ORRs, and the leading causes of recruitment failure were postrelease female death (23% of all females) and failure to calve (24% of surviving females). We recommend translocating older females (≥6 years old) because they do not exhibit the reproductive delay and low ORRs of juveniles (recruitment failure of juveniles and young adults (4-5.9 years old). Where translocation of juveniles is necessary, they should be released into female-biased populations, where they have higher ORRs. Our study offers the unique advantage of a long-term analysis across a large number of replicate populations-a science-by-management experiment as a proxy for a manipulative experiment, and a rare opportunity, particularly for a large, critically endangered taxon such as the black rhinoceros. Our findings differ from previous recommendations, reinforce the importance of long-term data sets and comprehensive metrics of translocation success, and suggest attention be shifted from ecological to social constraints on population growth and species recovery, particularly

Demography and viability of the largest population of greater one-horned rhinoceros in Nepal

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Naresh Subedi

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Megaherbivores are characterized by slow life history traits which when coupled with human exploitation makes them vulnerable to local extinctions. An understanding of key demographic parameters assists in guiding management interventions to ensure their recovery and persistence over the longer term. We monitored 110 (30 calves, 80 young and adults individually known greater one-horned rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis for seven years in Chitwan National Park, Nepal (2009–15. Using known fate model with staggered entry design in program MARK we estimated annual calf survival at 0.765 ± 0.026 SE and that of remaining older age groups between 0.96 and 0.985. Both genders exhibited a typical Type I survivorship curve. The population consisted of 62% adults, 13% sub-adults and 26% juveniles and calves (dependent animals. The adult sex ratio (female: male was 1.23 ± 0.09 SE and dependent: cow ratio was 0.636 ± 0.03 SE. Age at first calving was 7.91 years ± 0.31 SE. Shorter inter-calving intervals were observed for young adults compared to old adults. Overall inter-calving interval was 41.28 months ± 2.33 SE. Chitwan rhino population grew at a maximum realized rate of r = 0.051 ± 0.005 SE. PHVA results showed that low level continuous poaching increased extinction probability compared to high but intermittent poaching episodes. An increase in annual poaching of over six females and 12 males over the current average of 5.5 rhinos per year, coupled with habitat degradation, caused by the alien invasive Mikania micrantha resulted in high extinction risks. Annually upto 13 rhinos (8 males and 5 females from Chitwan can be used for reintroduction and supplementation of rhinoceros across their current and historic range.

Substantial molecular variation and low genetic structure in Kenya’s black rhinoceros: implications for conservation

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Muya, S.M.; Bruford, M.W.; Muigai, A.W.T.; Osiemo, Z.B.; Mwachiro, E.; Ouma, B.O.; Goossens, B.

2011-01-01

Kenya’s black rhinoceros population declined by more than 98% from 20,000 individuals in the 1970s to around 400 individuals in 1990 due to the effects of poaching, at which time the surviving individuals were isolated in a series of demographically inviable subpopulations. An initial management

Heightened condition-dependent growth of sexually selected weapons in the rhinoceros beetle, Trypoxylus dichotomus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae).

Science.gov (United States)

Johns, A; Gotoh, H; McCullough, E L; Emlen, D J; Lavine, L C

2014-10-01

The exaggerated weapons and ornaments of sexual selection are condition-dependent traits that often grow to exaggerated proportions. The horns of male rhinoceros beetles are extremely sensitive to the larval nutritional environment and are used by rival males in combat over access to females. In contrast to horns, other parts of the body, such as wings, eyes, and legs, scale proportionally with body size, whereas others, such as males' external genitalia, are invariant with body size, regardless of nutrition. We document how body parts of the Asian rhinoceros beetle, Trypoxylus dichotomus, exhibit plasticity and constraint in response to nutritional condition. We discuss the implications of these results for the evolution of condition-dependent and condition-independent traits in animals. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology. All rights reserved. For permissions please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Identification of policies for a sustainable legal trade in rhinoceros horn based on population projection and socioeconomic models

Science.gov (United States)

Di Minin, Enrico; Laitila, Jussi; Montesino-Pouzols, Federico; Leader-Williams, Nigel; Slotow, Rob; Goodman, Peter S; Conway, Anthony J; Moilanen, Atte

2015-01-01

Between 1990 and 2007, 15 southern white (Ceratotherium simum simum) and black (Diceros bicornis) rhinoceroses on average were killed illegally every year in South Africa. Since 2007 illegal killing of southern white rhinoceros for their horn has escalated to >950 individuals/year in 2013. We conducted an ecological–economic analysis to determine whether a legal trade in southern white rhinoceros horn could facilitate rhinoceros protection. Generalized linear models were used to examine the socioeconomic drivers of poaching, based on data collected from 1990 to 2013, and to project the total number of rhinoceroses likely to be illegally killed from 2014 to 2023. Rhinoceros population dynamics were then modeled under 8 different policy scenarios that could be implemented to control poaching. We also estimated the economic costs and benefits of each scenario under enhanced enforcement only and a legal trade in rhinoceros horn and used a decision support framework to rank the scenarios with the objective of maintaining the rhinoceros population above its current size while generating profit for local stakeholders. The southern white rhinoceros population was predicted to go extinct in the wild El Grano de los Datos de Costo Económico con Referencia Espacial y de Beneficio a la Biodiversidad y la Efectividad de una Estrategia de Determinación de Costos Resumen Entre 1990 y 2007, en promedio fueron cazados ilegalmente cada año 15 rinocerontes sureños blancos (Ceratotherium simum simum) y negros (Diceros bicornis) en Sudáfrica. Desde 2007 la caza ilegal de rinocerontes sureños blancos por su cuerno ha escalado a más de 950 individuos al año en 2013. Llevamos a cabo un análisis ecológico-económico para determinar si el comercio legal de cuerno de rinoceronte sureño blanco podría facilitar la protección del rinoceronte. Se usaron modelos lineales generalizados para examinar a los conductores socio-económicos de la caza furtiva, con base en datos colectados

Structural basis for new pattern of conserved amino acid residues related to chitin-binding in the antifungal peptide from the coconut rhinoceros beetle Oryctes rhinoceros.

Science.gov (United States)

Hemmi, Hikaru; Ishibashi, Jun; Tomie, Tetsuya; Yamakawa, Minoru

2003-06-20

Scarabaecin isolated from hemolymph of the coconut rhinoceros beetle Oryctes rhinoceros is a 36-residue polypeptide that has antifungal activity. The solution structure of scarabaecin has been determined from twodimensional 1H NMR spectroscopic data and hybrid distance geometry-simulated annealing protocol calculation. Based on 492 interproton and 10 hydrogen-bonding distance restraints and 36 dihedral angle restraints, we obtained 20 structures. The average backbone root-mean-square deviation for residues 4-35 is 0.728 +/- 0.217 A from the mean structure. The solution structure consists of a two-stranded antiparallel beta-sheet connected by a type-I beta-turn after a short helical turn. All secondary structures and a conserved disulfide bond are located in the C-terminal half of the peptide, residues 18-36. Overall folding is stabilized by a combination of a disulfide bond, seven hydrogen bonds, and numerous hydrophobic interactions. The structural motif of the C-terminal half shares a significant tertiary structural similarity with chitin-binding domains of plant and invertebrate chitin-binding proteins, even though scarabaecin has no overall sequence similarity to other peptide/polypeptides including chitin-binding proteins. The length of its primary structure, the number of disulfide bonds, and the pattern of conserved functional residues binding to chitin in scarabaecin differ from those of chitin-binding proteins in other invertebrates and plants, suggesting that scarabaecin does not share a common ancestor with them. These results are thought to provide further strong experimental evidence to the hypothesis that chitin-binding proteins of invertebrates and plants are correlated by a convergent evolution process.

Range Analysis and Terrain Preference of Adult Southern White Rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum in a South African Private Game Reserve: Insights into Carrying Capacity and Future Management.

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S Thompson

Full Text Available The Southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum is a threatened species, central to the tourism appeal of private game reserves in South Africa. Privately owned reserves in South Africa tend to be smaller than government run reserves such as Kruger National Park. Because of their relatively small size and the often heterogeneous nature of the landscape private game reserve managers benefit from detailed knowledge of white rhinoceros terrain selection preferences, which can be assessed from their ranging behaviours. We collected adult and sub-adult white rhinoceros distribution data over a 15 month period, calculating individual range size using kernel density estimation analysis within a GIS. From this, terrain selectivity was calculated using 50% and 95% kernels to extract terrain composition values. Jacob's correction of the Ivlev's selectivity index was subsequently applied to the terrain composition of each individual to identify trends in selectivity. Results reveal that adult males hold exclusive territories considerably smaller than those found in previous work conducted in "open" or large reserves. Similarly, results for the size of male versus female territories were also not in keeping with those from previous field studies, with males, rather than females, having the larger territory requirement. Terrain selection for both genders and age classes (adult and sub-adult showed a strong preference for open grassland and avoidance of hill slope and riparian terrains. This research reveals white rhinoceros terrain selection preferences and how they influence range requirements in small, closed reserves. We conclude that this knowledge will be valuable in future white rhinoceros conservation management in small private game reserves, particularly in decisions surrounding removal of surplus individuals or augmentation of existing populations, calculation of reserve carrying capacity and future private reserve acquisition.

Primera intercepción del escarabajo rinoceronte asiático del cocotero Oryctes rhinoceros (Linnaeus, 1758 en México

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Eduardo Jiménez Quiroz

2017-09-01

Full Text Available El género Oryctes cuenta con 42 especies conocidas en todo el mundo, y en su mayoría corresponden a plagas de la palma. Oryctes rhinoceros es uno de los insectos más dañinos para el cocotero (Cocos nucifera y para la palma aceitera africana (Elaeis guineensis en el sur, sureste de Asia y las islas del oeste del Pacífico, aunque puede atacar otras palmas ornamentales. En el presente trabajo se documenta el primer registro de intercepción del Oryctes rhinoceros (escarabajo rinoceronte del cocotero en el puerto de Manzanillo, Colima; uno de los puntos de ingreso de mercancías más importantes de México. Se colectó un solo espécimen adulto y vivo en muebles de palma, procedentes de Indonesia, cuyo destino final era el estado de Jalisco. La muestra se envió al Laboratorio de Análisis y Referencia en Sanidad Forestal de la Secretaría del Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, para su identificación, posteriormente, se establecieron medidas fitosanitarias para impedir que este insecto, plaga exótica; ingresara al país. Asimismo, se exponen algunas consideraciones acerca de las implicaciones económicas que tendría para México, si O. rhinoceros se estableciera en el territorio nacional.

Endocrine Control of Exaggerated Trait Growth in Rhinoceros Beetles.

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Zinna, R; Gotoh, H; Brent, C S; Dolezal, A; Kraus, A; Niimi, T; Emlen, D; Lavine, L C

2016-08-01

Juvenile hormone (JH) is a key insect growth regulator frequently involved in modulating phenotypically plastic traits such as caste determination in eusocial species, wing polymorphisms in aphids, and mandible size in stag beetles. The jaw morphology of stag beetles is sexually-dimorphic and condition-dependent; males have larger jaws than females and those developing under optimum conditions are larger in overall body size and have disproportionately larger jaws than males raised under poor conditions. We have previously shown that large males have higher JH titers than small males during development, and ectopic application of fenoxycarb (JH analog) to small males can induce mandibular growth similar to that of larger males. What remains unknown is whether JH regulates condition-dependent trait growth in other insects with extreme sexually selected structures. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that JH mediates the condition-dependent expression of the elaborate horns of the Asian rhinoceros beetle, Trypoxylus dichotomus. The sexually dimorphic head horn of this beetle is sensitive to nutritional state during larval development. Like stag beetles, male rhinoceros beetles receiving copious food produce disproportionately large horns for their body size compared with males under restricted diets. We show that JH titers are correlated with body size during the late feeding and early prepupal periods, but this correlation disappears by the late prepupal period, the period of maximum horn growth. While ectopic application of fenoxycarb during the third larval instar significantly delayed pupation, it had no effect on adult horn size relative to body size. Fenoxycarb application to late prepupae also had at most a marginal effect on relative horn size. We discuss our results in context of other endocrine signals of condition-dependent trait exaggeration and suggest that different beetle lineages may have co-opted different physiological signaling mechanisms to

Low birth rates and reproductive skew limit the viability of Europe’s captive eastern black rhinoceros, Diceros bicornis michaeli

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Edwards, K.L.; Walker, S.L.; Durham, A.E.; Pilgrim, M.; Ouma, B.O.; Shultz, S.

2015-01-01

Ex situ populations play a critical role for the conservation of endangered species, especially where in situ populations face imminent threats. For such populations to act as vital reserves, they must be viable and sustainable. Eastern black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis michaeli) epitomise the

Temporal and sex-specific variability in Rhinoceros Auklet diet in the central California Current system

Science.gov (United States)

Carle, Ryan D.; Beck, Jessie N.; Calleri, David M.; Hester, Michelle M.

2015-06-01

We used stable isotopes (δ15N and δ13C) and compared prey provided to chicks by each sex to evaluate seasonal and sex-specific diets in Rhinoceros Auklets (Cerorhinca monocerata) in the central California Current system during 2012-2013. Mixing models indicated northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) were important prey for adults during fall/winter and juvenile rockfishes (Sebastes spp.) were important prey during incubation both years. Adult trophic level increased between incubation and chick-rearing periods in both years. During 2012, δ15N and δ13C of chick-rearing males and females differed significantly; mixing models indicated that females ate more Pacific saury (Cololabis saira) and less market squid (Doryteuthis opalescens) than males. Likewise, females delivered significantly more Pacific saury and less market squid to chicks than males during 2012. Chick growth (g d- 1) and chick survival to fledging were significantly lower during 2012 than 2013, likely because chicks were fed lesser quality prey or fed less frequently in 2012. Lesser body mass of females during incubation in 2012 indicated sex-specific diet differences may have been related to female energetic constraints. The observed variability in Rhinoceros Auklet diet underscores the importance of managing multiple prey populations in this system so that generalist predators have sufficient resources through changing conditions.

Cretaceous origin of giant rhinoceros beetles (Dynastini; Coleoptera) and correlation of their evolution with the Pangean breakup.

Science.gov (United States)

Jin, Haofei; Yonezawa, Takahiro; Zhong, Yang; Kishino, Hirohisa; Hasegawa, Masami

2017-03-17

The giant rhinoceros beetles (Dynastini, Scarabaeidae, Coleoptera) are distributed in tropical and temperate regions in Asia, America and Africa. Recent molecular phylogenetic studies have revealed that the giant rhinoceros beetles can be divided into three clades representing Asia, America and Africa. Although a correlation between their evolution and the continental drift during the Pangean breakup was suggested, there is no accurate divergence time estimation among the three clades based on molecular data. Moreover, there is a long chronological gap between the timing of the Pangean breakup (Cretaceous: 110-148 Ma) and the emergence of the oldest fossil record (Oligocene: 33 Ma). In this study, we estimated their divergence times based on molecular data, using several combinations of fossil calibration sets, and obtained robust estimates. The inter-continental divergence events among the clades were estimated to have occurred about 99 Ma (Asian clade and others) and 78 Ma (American clade and African clade), both of which are after the Pangean breakup. These estimates suggest their inter-continental divergences occurred by overseas sweepstakes dispersal, rather than by vicariances of the population caused by the Pangean breakup.

Infectivity of Oryctes Nudivirus Produced on Cell Culture Dsir Ha-1179 Against Larvae and Its Effects on Feeding of Neonates of Rhinoceros Beetle, Oryctes Rhinoceros

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nur Ain Farhah Ros Saidon Khudri; Wahizatul Afzan Azmi; Ramle Moslim; Norman Kamarudin; Siti Ramlah Ahmad Ali

2016-01-01

The Oryctes nudivirus (OrNV) is a classical biocontrol agent for a major oil palm insect pest the rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes rhinoceros. The infectivity of three Malaysian indigenous types of OrNV types A, B and C were tested on larvae and neonates. On larvae, the peroral inoculation test technique indicated that the highest mortality of 100 % was achieved using type A produced from cell culture DSIR-HA-1179, while the highest infectivity of 41.7 % was recorded for type A prepared from infected guts. No differences in infectivity were observed on other treatments, which ranged from 13.1 % to 41.7 %. In the substrate contamination inoculation test technique, results showed that the level of infectivity was even lower in all OrNV treatments, ranging as low as 6.7 % to only 15.0 %. Low infectivity was mainly due to inactivation of virus inocula in the larval food substrates. Based on the results for both inoculation methods, the OrNV type C prepared from cell culture DSIR-HA-1179 was found more effective in controlling the L3 larvae than the other types of OrNV. The impact of OrNV infection on food consumption by the neonates was studied. The feeding of inoculated neonates with OrNV reduced rapidly, especially at the early stage of the experiment between eight days after treatment (DAT) to 16 DAT. At this period, the food consumption by all tested OrNV was rapidly reduced and maintained low until the experiment ended at 60 DAT. The highest feeding reduction rate was on neonates treated by type A (-0.074x) followed by neonates treated by type C (-0.053x) and type B (-0.035x). Therefore, it was suggested that besides on highly virulent, the selection of OrNV for field release should also based on high reduction rate on food consumption by the infected insects on plant hosts. (author)

A study of the pharmacokinetics and thromboxane inhibitory activity of a single intramuscular dose of carprofen as a means to establish its potential use as an analgesic drug in white rhinoceros.

Science.gov (United States)

Leiberich, M; Krebber, R; Hewetson, M; Marais, J; Naidoo, V

2018-04-24

The alleviation of pain and prevention of suffering are key aspects of animal welfare. Unfortunately, analgesic drugs are not available for all species. White rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum), representing one of such species, which survive poaching attempts inflicted with severe facial injuries and gunshot wounds, nonetheless require analgesic support. To improve treatment conditions, this study explored the use of carprofen for the treatment of pain and inflammation in white rhinoceros. The pharmacokinetics of 1 mg/kg intramuscular carprofen was evaluated in six healthy white rhinoceros. The half-life of λ z and mean residence time was 105.71 ± 15.67 and 155.01 ± 22.46 hr, respectively. The area under the curve and the maximum carprofen concentration were 904.61 ± 110.78 μg ml -1  hr -1 and 5.77 ± 0.63 μg/ml, respectively. Plasma TXB 2 inhibition demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties and indicated that carprofen may be effective for a minimum of 48 hr in most animals. With its long half-life further indicating that a single dose could be effective for several days, we suggest that carprofen may be a useful drug for the treatment of white rhinoceros. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Whole-genome sequence of Clostridium lituseburense L74, isolated from the larval gut of the rhinoceros beetle, Trypoxylus dichotomus.

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Yookyung; Lim, Sooyeon; Rhee, Moon-Soo; Chang, Dong-Ho; Kim, Byoung-Chan

2016-03-01

Clostridium lituseburense L74 was isolated from the larval gut of the rhinoceros beetle, Trypoxylus dichotomus collected in Yeong-dong, Chuncheongbuk-do, South Korea and subjected to whole genome sequencing on HiSeq platform and annotated on RAST. The nucleotide sequence of this genome was deposited into DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank under the accession NZ_LITJ00000000.

How healthy are the rhinoceros populations in the Hluhluwe-iMfolosi Park?

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LP Fatti

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Arising from a study conducted in the Hluhluwe-iMfolosi Park by the author in the late nineties, a method is proposed for improving the estimate of the size of a wildlife population by combining data from current and past surveys. The method is based on a simple state space model which takes into account the (unknown birth rate in the population and all known losses (mortalities and relocations and gains (introductions in the population between successive surveys, as well as the errors in the survey estimates. The method is applied to the White- and Black Rhinoceros populations in the Hluhluwe-iMfolosi Park and tentative conclusions are drawn on the health of these two populations.

A comparison of faecal analysis with backtracking to determine the diet composition and species preference of the black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis minor)

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Lieverloo, van R.J.; Schuiling, B.F.; Boer, de W.F.; Lent, P.C.; Jong, de C.B.; Brown, D.; Prins, H.H.T.

2009-01-01

The diet of black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis minor) was studied using backtracking and faecal analysis in South Africa. Both methods yielded different results, with a large bias for dominant species. Results of backtracking showed that the rhinos browsed on 80 plant species. Grasses comprised 4.5%

Whole-genome sequence of Clostridium lituseburense L74, isolated from the larval gut of the rhinoceros beetle, Trypoxylus dichotomus

OpenAIRE

Lee, Yookyung; Lim, Sooyeon; Rhee, Moon-Soo; Chang, Dong-Ho; Kim, Byoung-Chan

2016-01-01

Clostridium lituseburense L74 was isolated from the larval gut of the rhinoceros beetle, Trypoxylus dichotomus collected in Yeong-dong, Chuncheongbuk-do, South Korea and subjected to whole genome sequencing on HiSeq platform and annotated on RAST. The nucleotide sequence of this genome was deposited into DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank under the accession NZ_LITJ00000000. Keywords: Insect, Larval gut, Whole genome shot-gun sequencing

The incidence and use of Oryctes virus for control of rhinoceros beetle in oil palm plantations in Malaysia.

Science.gov (United States)

Ramle, M; Wahid, M B; Norman, K; Glare, T R; Jackson, T A

2005-05-01

The rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes rhinoceros, has emerged as a serious pest of oil palm since the prohibition of burning as a method for maintaining estate hygiene in the 1990s. The abundance of beetles is surprising given that the Malay peninsula was the site of first discovery of the Oryctes virus, which has been used to effect good as a biological control agent in other regions. A survey of adult beetles was carried out throughout Malaysia using pheromone traps. Captured beetles were examined for presence of virus using both visual/microscopic examination and PCR detection methods. The survey indicated that Oryctes virus was common in Malaysia among the adult beetles. Viral DNA analysis was carried out after restriction with HindIII enzyme and indicated at least three distinct viral genotypes. Bioassays were used to compare the viral strains and demonstrate that one strain (type B) is the most virulent against both larvae and adults of the beetle. Virus type B has been cultured and released into healthy populations where another strain (type A) forms the natural background. Capture and examination of beetles from the release site and surrounding area has shown that the spread and persistence of the applied virus strain is accompanied by a reduction in palm frond damage.

Efficient synthesis of (+/-)-4-methyloctanoic acid, aggregation pheromone of rhinoceros beetles of the genus Oryctes (Coleoptera: Dynastidae, Scarabaeidae).

Science.gov (United States)

Ragoussis, Valentine; Giannikopoulos, Alexandros; Skoka, Efthymia; Grivas, Panagiotis

2007-06-27

(+/-)-4-Methyloctanoic acid and its ethyl ester are aggregation pheromones of many rhinoceros beetles of the genus Oryctes and are investigated for the control of these pests by olfactory trapping. A simple, economical, and high-yield (>50%) synthesis of (+/-)-4-methyloctanoic acid and its ethyl ester is presented starting from n-hexanal. The key step in this sequence is an orthoester Claisen rearrangement for the elongation of the carbon chain by two.

The role of doublesex in the evolution of exaggerated horns in the Japanese rhinoceros beetle.

Science.gov (United States)

Ito, Yuta; Harigai, Ayane; Nakata, Moe; Hosoya, Tadatsugu; Araya, Kunio; Oba, Yuichi; Ito, Akinori; Ohde, Takahiro; Yaginuma, Toshinobu; Niimi, Teruyuki

2013-06-01

Male-specific exaggerated horns are an evolutionary novelty and have diverged rapidly via intrasexual selection. Here, we investigated the function of the conserved sex-determination gene doublesex (dsx) in the Japanese rhinoceros beetle (Trypoxylus dichotomus) using RNA interference (RNAi). Our results show that the sex-specific T. dichotomus dsx isoforms have an antagonistic function for head horn formation and only the male isoform has a role for thoracic horn formation. These results indicate that the novel sex-specific regulation of dsx during horn morphogenesis might have been the key evolutionary developmental event at the transition from sexually monomorphic to sexually dimorphic horns.

Whole-genome sequence of Clostridium lituseburense L74, isolated from the larval gut of the rhinoceros beetle, Trypoxylus dichotomus

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Yookyung Lee

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Clostridium lituseburense L74 was isolated from the larval gut of the rhinoceros beetle, Trypoxylus dichotomus collected in Yeong-dong, Chuncheongbuk-do, South Korea and subjected to whole genome sequencing on HiSeq platform and annotated on RAST. The nucleotide sequence of this genome was deposited into DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank under the accession NZ_LITJ00000000. Keywords: Insect, Larval gut, Whole genome shot-gun sequencing

Will current conservation responses save the Critically Endangered Sumatran rhinoceros Dicerorhinus sumatrensis?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Havmøller, Rasmus Gren; Payne, Junaidi; Ramono, Widodo

2016-01-01

is unknown as a consequence of inadequate methods and lack of funds for the intensive field work required to estimate the population size of this rare and solitary species. However, all information indicates that numbers are low and declining. A few individuals persist in Borneo, and three tiny populations...... remain on the Indonesian island of Sumatra and show evidence of breeding. Rhino Protection Units are deployed at all known breeding sites but poaching and a presumed low breeding rate remain major threats. Protected areas have been created for the rhinoceros and other in situ conservation efforts have......, and develop advanced reproductive techniques as a matter of urgency. Intensive census efforts are ongoing in Bukit Barisan Selatan but elsewhere similar efforts remain at the planning stage....

Characterization of growth and Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus production in attached cultures of the DSIR-HA-1179 coleopteran insect cell line.

Science.gov (United States)

Pushparajan, Charlotte; Claus, Juan Daniel; Marshall, Sean David Goldie; Visnovsky, Gabriel

2013-12-01

The DSIR-HA-1179 coleopteran cell line is a susceptible and permissive host to the Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus (OrNV), which has been used as a biocontrol agent against the coconut rhinoceros beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros); a pest of palms in the Asia-Pacific region. However, little is known about growth and metabolism of this cell line, knowledge of which is necessary to develop an in vitro large-scale OrNV production process. The strong anchorage-dependent characteristics of the cell line, its particular fragility and its tendency to form dense clumps when manipulated, are the most likely reasons that have precluded further development of the cell line. In order to characterize DSIR-HA-1179 cells, there was first a need for a reliable technique to count the cells. A homogenous cell suspension suitable for enumeration could be produced by treatment with TrypLE Express™ with optimum mean time for cell release calculated as 30 min. The cell line was adapted to grow in four serum-supplemented culture media namely TC-100, IPL-41, Sf-900 II and Sf-900 III and cell growth, glucose consumption, lactate and ammonia production were assessed from static-batch cultures. The maximum viable cell density was reached in Sf-900 II (17.9 × 10(5) cells/ml), with the maximum specific growth rate observed in this culture medium as well (0.0074 h(-1)). Higher production of OrNV was observed in IPL-41 and TC-100 (4.1 × 10(7) TCID50/ml) than in cultures infected in Sf-900 III (2.0 × 10(7) TCID50/ml) and Sf-900 II (1.4 × 10(7) TCID50/ml). At the end of the growth period, glucose was completely consumed in cultures grown in TC-100, while remained in excess in the other three culture media. The cell line produced lactate and ammonia to very low levels in the TC-100 culture medium which is a promising aspect for its cultivation at large-scale.

Blood meal analysis of tabanid fly after it biting the rare Sumatran rhinoceros.

Science.gov (United States)

Rovie-Ryan, Jeffrine Japning; Zainuddin, Zainal Zahari; Marni, Wahap; Ahmad, Abdul Hamid; Ambu, Laurentius N; Payne, Junaidi

2013-02-01

To demonstrate a noninvasive large mammalian genetic sampling method using blood meal obtained from a tabanid fly. Blood meal was recovered from the abdomen of an engorged tabanid fly (Haematopota sp.) which was captured immediately after biting a Sumatran rhino in captivity. The blood was applied on to a Whatman FTA(®) blood card. Subsequent laboratory work was conducted to extract, amplify and sequence the DNA from the sample. Validation was done by sampling the hair follicles and blood samples from the rhinoceros and subjecting it to the same laboratory process. BLAST search and constructed phylogenetic trees confirmed the blood meal samples were indeed from the rhino. This method could be used in the field application to noninvasively collect genetic samples. Collection of tabanids and other haematophagous arthropods (e.g. mosquitoes and ticks) and other blood-sucking parasites (e.g. leeches and worms) could also provide information on vector-borne diseases.

A comparison of faecal analysis with backtracking to determine the diet composition and species preference of the black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis minor)

OpenAIRE

Lieverloo, van, R.J.; Schuiling, B.F.; Boer, de, W.F.; Lent, P.C.; Jong, de, C.B.; Brown, D.; Prins, H.H.T.

2009-01-01

The diet of black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis minor) was studied using backtracking and faecal analysis in South Africa. Both methods yielded different results, with a large bias for dominant species. Results of backtracking showed that the rhinos browsed on 80 plant species. Grasses comprised 4.5% of the diet in the faecal analysis, but were not recorded during the backtracking. The backtracking method, along with a measure of forage availability, was used to identify two groups of plant sp...

Measurement and characterization of a soundscape of captive southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum) at a wildlife park conservation center

Science.gov (United States)

Wiseman, Susan M.

Many animals, including the myopic rhinoceros, depend on hearing and smell for navigation and to interpret their environment. For them, the "soundscape" and "scentscape" are equivalent to our landscape. Noise damages humans physiologically, including reproductively, and likely damages other mammals. Rhinos vocalize sonically and infrasonically but audiograms are unavailable. Infrasonic noise tends to be chronic in urban areas, which frequently surround city zoos. Rhinos' biological and social management have been studied but little attention, if any, has been paid to their soundscapes. This project develops a standard by which such soundscapes may be measured, documented, and compared, so that once a wide range of rhino facilities have been similarly investigated, correlations could be sought between their sound metrics and the health and well-being of their animals. The interests of geographers overlap many disciplines, but the questions raised by, and the approaches of geographers frequently differ from those addressed by the original specialists, so a broader understanding of the soundscape and ways to record it may well add value to acoustic studies while simultaneously deepening geographic knowledge. This research asks: How can a soundscape of captive southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum) be comprehensively measured and characterized? What does doing so inform about their environment of captivity? How can this method be employed to understand the contrasts of the soundscapes of captivity and natural habitats? To begin to answer these questions, the following goals are addressed: 1. To develop a series of procedures to comprehensively record, measure, analyze, and characterize a broadband white rhino soundscape; 2. To note their vocalizations, and to roughly estimate the bandwidth used by these particular animals; 3. By demonstrating that techniques and language not normally used in the discipline of Geography could broaden its scope and expand

A numerical and theoretical study on the aerodynamics of a rhinoceros beetle (Trypoxlyus dichotomus) and optimization of its wing kinematics in hover

Science.gov (United States)

Oh, Sehyeong; Lee, Boogeon; Park, Hyungmin; Choi, Haecheon

2017-11-01

We investigate a hovering rhinoceros beetle using numerical simulation and blade element theory. Numerical simulations are performed using an immersed boundary method. In the simulation, the hindwings are modeled as a rigid flat plate, and three-dimensionally scanned elytra and body are used. The results of simulation indicate that the lift force generated by the hindwings alone is sufficient to support the weight, and the elytra generate negligible lift force. Considering the hindwings only, we present a blade element model based on quasi-steady assumptions to identify the mechanisms of aerodynamic force generation and power expenditure in the hovering flight of a rhinoceros beetle. We show that the results from the present blade element model are in excellent agreement with numerical ones. Based on the current blade element model, we find the optimal wing kinematics minimizing the aerodynamic power requirement using a hybrid optimization algorithm combining a clustering genetic algorithm with a gradient-based optimizer. We show that the optimal wing kinematics reduce the aerodynamic power consumption, generating enough lift force to support the weight. This research was supported by a Grant to Bio-Mimetic Robot Research Center Funded by Defense Acquisition Program Administration, and by Agency for Defense Development (UD130070ID) and NRF-2016R1E1A1A02921549 of the MSIP of Korea.

STANDARDIZACIJA MARKETINGA: BITI ILI NE BITI

OpenAIRE

Šuštar, Rozana

2007-01-01

The article discusses the possibilities for standardizing the marketing programs of Slovenian firms which can open a door to more intensive process of internationalization of firms. The study found that environmental factors, such as political and economic stability, significantly affected the possibilities for standardization enabling firms to improve sales margins. The strategic elements for standardization of the marketing mix, consisting of price, distribution, and promotion, are also sub...

Genetika Populasi dan Strategi Konservasi Badak Jawa (Rhinoceros sondaicus Desmarest 1822 (Population Genetics of Javan Rhino (Rhinoceros sondaicus Desmarest 1822 and It’s Conservation Strategy

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U Mamat Rahmat

2011-05-01

Full Text Available Javan rhino (Rhinoceros sondaicus Desmarest 1822 of which spread is limited in Indonesia and Vietnam is the rarest species among 5 species of rhino in the world. Without appropriate and long-term well organized management action, the population of javan rhino will be in extinction. This research studies about the usage potential of  javan rhino population genetics data in designing  javan rhino conservation program. The application of genetics study in conservation problem is based on the population genetics theory. The population genetics is one of population biology branch which studies about the factors determining genetic composition of population and how they play role in evolution process. The genetic characteristic identification can help to give the characteristic genetic information which has function as genetic marker or gen in javan rhino management. It can also help to do translocation the javan rhino especially for breeding management effort to avoid inbreeding and to improve the heterozygosis. The analyzing result shows that the management of conservation strategy which can make javan rhino population reaches the population viable minimum number is needed urgently. Furthermore, it also shows that translocation and reintroduction to build the second population of  javan rhino is also important to do.    Keywords: javan rhino, population genetics, translocation, second population

Comparison of butorphanol-detomidine versus butorphanol-azaperone for the standing sedation of captive greater one-horned rhinoceroses (Rhinoceros unicornis).

Science.gov (United States)

Bapodra, Priya; Cracknell, Jonathan; Wolfe, Barbara A

2014-03-01

Three adult and two subadult greater one-horned rhinoceroses (Rhinoceros unicornis) were sedated a total of nine times using two different intramuscular sedative combinations in order to compare the effectiveness of these combinations in inducing consistent standing sedation in this species. The sedation protocols compared were butorphanol tartrate (50-60 mg) and detomidine hydrochloride (20-30 mg; BD) versus butorphanol tartrate (80-120 mg) and azaperone (80-120 mg; BA). Specific doses were adjusted according to age and sex class, and based on previous experience. Parameters compared included time to achieve defined levels of sedation, time to recovery following antagonism, physiological parameters including heart rate, respiratory rate, indirect arterial blood pressure, and venous blood gas values. A hydraulic restraint chute was utilized to mechanically restrain animals during the procedures, and blood collection and ophthalmic examinations were conducted on all animals. Both protocols resulted in standing sedation for > or = 22.3 +/- 2.9 min or until antagonists were administered. The BD protocol resulted in deeper and more consistent sedation, compared to the BA protocol. Naltrexone hydrochloride (250-300 mg) and tolazoline hydrochloride (1,500-2,000 mg) were administered intramuscularly to antagonize protocol BD, whereas naltrexone alone (200-500 mg) was used to antagonize BA. Time to full antagonism, defined as normal mentation and ambulation following administration of antagonists, was prolonged in the BD protocol (132.3 +/- 17.2 min) compared with the BA protocol (7.5 +/- 2.5 min). Venous blood gas analysis did not reveal any significant blood gas deviations during sedation when compared with either conscious equine or white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) venous reference ranges. In summary, both combinations resulted in adequate standing sedation for minimally invasive procedures, although BD resulted in more profound and consistent sedation.

Larval hemolymph of rhinoceros beetle, Allomyrina dichotoma, enhances insulin secretion through ATF3 gene expression in INS-1 pancreatic β-cells.

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, Seung-Whan; Suh, Hyun-Woo; Yoo, Bo-Kyung; Kwon, Kisang; Yu, Kweon; Choi, Ji-Young; Kwon, O-Yu

2018-05-22

In this study, we show that INS-1 pancreatic β-cells treated for 2 h with hemolymph of larvae of rhinoceros beetle, Allomyrina dichotoma, secreted about twice as much insulin compared to control cells without such treatment. Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) was the highest upregulated gene in DNA chip analysis. The A. dichotoma hemolymph dose-dependently induced increased expression levels of genes encoding ATF3 and insulin. Conversely, treatment with ATF3 siRNA inhibited expression levels of both genes and curbed insulin secretion. These results suggest that the A. dichotoma hemolymph has potential for treating and preventing diabetes or diabetes-related complications.

Whole-genome sequence of Erysipelothrix larvae LV19(T) (=KCTC 33523(T)), a useful strain for arsenic detoxification, from the larval gut of the rhinoceros beetle, Trypoxylus dichotomus.

Science.gov (United States)

Lim, Sooyeon; Rhee, Moon-Soo; Chang, Dong-Ho; Kim, Byoung-Chan

2016-04-10

Erysipelothrix larvae LV19(T) was preliminary isolated from the larval gut of a rhinoceros beetle, Trypoxylus dichotomus in Korea. Here, we present the whole genome sequence of E. larvae LV19(T) strain, which consisted of 2,511,486 base pairs with a GC content of 37.4% and one plasmid. Unlike other Erysipelothrix strains (SY 1027, Fujisawa and ATCC 19414), the arsenic-resistance genes were identified in LV19(T) strain. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Rhinoceros beetles suffer male-biased predation by mammalian and avian predators.

Science.gov (United States)

Kojima, Wataru; Sugiura, Shinji; Makihara, Hiroshi; Ishikawa, Yukio; Takanashi, Takuma

2014-03-01

Male sexually-selected traits often impose an increased risk of predation on their bearers, causing male-biased predation. We investigated whether males of the sap-feeding Japanese rhinoceros beetle Trypoxylus dichotomus were more susceptible to predation than females by comparing the morphology of beetles caught in bait traps with the remains of beetles found on the ground. The males of this species are larger than the females and have a horn on the head. We found that predation pressure was greater for males than for females, and that larger individuals of both sexes were more vulnerable to predation. We identified two predators, the raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides and jungle crow Corvus macrorhynchos, by monitoring sap-site trees with infrared video cameras. Raccoon dogs visited sap-site trees at night, while crows came after daybreak. The highest frequency of visits by both predators was observed in the first half of August, which matches the peak season of T. dichotomus. Raccoon dogs often left bite marks on the remains of prey, whereas crows did not. Bite marks were found on most of the remains collected at two distant localities, which suggested that predation by raccoon dogs is common. Size- and sex-dependent differences in the conspicuousness and active period of T. dichotomus probably explain these biased predation patterns. Our results suggest that having a large horn/body is costly in terms of the increased risk of predation. Predation cost may act as a stabilizing selection pressure against the further exaggeration of male sexual traits.

EFEKTIVITAS PEMANFAATAN PUPUK BOKASI, CASTING DAN PUPUK GENDONING (LARVA KUMBANG KELAPA/Orcyctes rhinoceros

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lianah l

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Kotoran hewan dan sampah organik dapat mencemari di lingkungan air, udara dan  tanah. Penelitian ini bertu- juan untuk membandingkn keefektifan antara pupuk gen- doning dan pupuk bokashi. Proses pengomposan dapat dipercepat dengan bantuan aktifator EM4 (Efektif Mik- roorganisme. Proses pengomposan tersebut juga dapat melibatkan hewan lain yaitu Cacing tanah dan larva kum- bang kelapa (Orcyctes rhinoceros yang disebut dengan nama gendon (bahasa Jawa yang bekerja sama dengan mikroba dalam proses dekomposer. Gendon dalam hal ini memakan bahan organik yang tidak terurai, mencampur bahan organik dan membuat lubang-lubang aerasi. Keha- diran gendon dapat mempercepat penghancuran bahan or- ganik karena mempunyai mulut yang tajam sebagai mesin pencacah sampah organik. Metode penelitian eksperimen sampah organik ditreatmen yaitu dengan menggunakan EM4, dan dengan menggunakan gendon. Peruraian oleh EM4 disebut pupuk Bokashi. Sedang keterlibatan gendon dalam proses pengomposan menghasilkan butir-butir kecil berwarna hitam dinamakan pupuk Gendoning (penemuan pribadi. Dari kedua pupuk tersebut dipraktekan untuk menanam labu air (Lagenaria leucantha. Dari experimen tersebut dapat diketahui bahwa pupuk gendoning ini ter- bukti lebih efektif dan efisien dari pupuk bokashi, karena gendon mampu melakukan dekomposisi lebih sempurna dari EM4. Dekomposisi tersebut dilakukan baik secara me- kanik maupun secara enzimatis. Pupuk gendoning adalah hasil bioteknologi sederhana yang dapat menjadi alternatif dalam mengatasi kelangkaan pupuk, sebagai pupuk organ- ik yang efektif dan efisien serta bernilai ekonomis sebagai.

Seasonal variation of diet and faeces composition of Black Rhinoceros Diceros Bicornis in the Addo Elephant National Park

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A.J Hall-Martin

1982-11-01

Full Text Available The feeding habits of black rhinoceros were studied in the Addo Elephant National Park, Republic of South Africa, using the "feeding track" method and recording bites taken. A total sample of 59 feeding tracks, 5 540 plants and 17 191 bites were recorded from June 1976 to March 1977. The rhino fed largely on woody shrubs but also took forbs, grass and succulent plants. During dry periods the rhino were selecting succulent plants with a high moisture content rather than woody plants. A total of 111 plant species were utilized. During dry months the feeding rate was greater than wet months. Physical analysis of faeces composition confirmed conclusions drawn from observations. Chemical analyses of faeces indicated that mean crude protein values varied with rainfall and herbage quality, ash values were strongly influenced by the intake of plant roots and dust during dry periods, acid detergent fibre was highest during unfavourable periods and low during favourable periods.

Seasonal variation of diet and faeces composition of Black Rhinoceros Diceros Bicornis in the Addo Elephant National Park

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A.J Hall-Martin

1982-12-01

Full Text Available The feeding habits of black rhinoceros were studied in the Addo Elephant National Park, Republic of South Africa, using the "feeding track" method and recording bites taken. A total sample of 59 feeding tracks, 5 540 plants and 17 191 bites were recorded from June 1976 to March 1977. The rhino fed largely on woody shrubs but also took forbs, grass and succulent plants. During dry periods the rhino were selecting succulent plants with a high moisture content rather than woody plants. A total of 111 plant species were utilized. During dry months the feeding rate was greater than wet months. Physical analysis of faeces composition confirmed conclusions drawn from observations. Chemical analyses of faeces indicated that mean crude protein values varied with rainfall and herbage quality, ash values were strongly influenced by the intake of plant roots and dust during dry periods, acid detergent fibre was highest during unfavourable periods and low during favourable periods.

Environ: E00336 [KEGG MEDICUS

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available E00336 Rhinoceros unicornis, Rhinoceros sondaicus horn Crude drug Tyrosine [CPD:C0...1536], Cystine [CPD:C01420], Thiolactic acid Rhinoceros unicornis [TAX:9809], Rhinoceros sondaicus [TAX:102233] ... Rhinocerotidae Rhinoceros unicornis, Rhinoceros sondaicus horn ...

Flight behavior of the rhinoceros beetle Trypoxylus dichotomus during electrical nerve stimulation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Truong, Tien Van; Byun, Doyoung; Lavine, Laura Corley; Emlen, Douglas J; Park, Hoon Cheol; Kim, Min Jun

2012-01-01

Neuronal stimulation is an intricate part of understanding insect flight behavior and control insect itself. In this study, we investigated the effects of electrical pulses applied to the brain and basalar muscle of the rhinoceros beetle (Trypoxylus dichotomus). To understand specific neuronal stimulation mechanisms, responses and flight behavior of the beetle, four electrodes were implanted into the two optic lobes, the brain's central complex and the ventral nerve cord in the posterior pronotum. We demonstrated flight initiation, turning and cessation by stimulating the brain. The change undergone by the wing flapping in response to the electrical signal was analyzed from a sequence of images captured by a high-speed camera. Here, we provide evidence to distinguish the important differences between neuronal and muscular flight stimulations in beetles. We found that in the neural potential stimulation, both the hind wing and the elytron were suppressed. Interestingly, the beetle stopped flying whenever a stimulus potential was applied between the pronotum and one side of the optic lobe, or between the ventral nerve cord in the posterior pronotum and the central complex. In-depth experimentation demonstrated the effective of neural stimulation over muscle stimulation for flight control. During electrical stimulation of the optic lobes, the beetle performed unstable flight, resulting in alternating left and right turns. By applying the electrical signal into both the optic lobes and the central complex of the brain, we could precisely control the direction of the beetle flight. This work provides an insight into insect flight behavior for future development of insect-micro air vehicle. (paper)

Flight behavior of the rhinoceros beetle Trypoxylus dichotomus during electrical nerve stimulation.

Science.gov (United States)

Van Truong, Tien; Byun, Doyoung; Lavine, Laura Corley; Emlen, Douglas J; Park, Hoon Cheol; Kim, Min Jun

2012-09-01

Neuronal stimulation is an intricate part of understanding insect flight behavior and control insect itself. In this study, we investigated the effects of electrical pulses applied to the brain and basalar muscle of the rhinoceros beetle (Trypoxylus dichotomus). To understand specific neuronal stimulation mechanisms, responses and flight behavior of the beetle, four electrodes were implanted into the two optic lobes, the brain's central complex and the ventral nerve cord in the posterior pronotum. We demonstrated flight initiation, turning and cessation by stimulating the brain. The change undergone by the wing flapping in response to the electrical signal was analyzed from a sequence of images captured by a high-speed camera. Here, we provide evidence to distinguish the important differences between neuronal and muscular flight stimulations in beetles. We found that in the neural potential stimulation, both the hind wing and the elytron were suppressed. Interestingly, the beetle stopped flying whenever a stimulus potential was applied between the pronotum and one side of the optic lobe, or between the ventral nerve cord in the posterior pronotum and the central complex. In-depth experimentation demonstrated the effective of neural stimulation over muscle stimulation for flight control. During electrical stimulation of the optic lobes, the beetle performed unstable flight, resulting in alternating left and right turns. By applying the electrical signal into both the optic lobes and the central complex of the brain, we could precisely control the direction of the beetle flight. This work provides an insight into insect flight behavior for future development of insect-micro air vehicle.

Evaluating the virulence of Metarhizium anisopliae (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes and Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Hypocreales isolates to Arabian rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes agamemnon arabicus

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M.W. Khudhair

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Virulence of entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana were tested against Arabian Rhinoceros Beetle, Oryctes agamemnon arabicus larvae. Four concentrations (1×105, 1×107, 1×109 and 1×1011 conidia/mL–1 of two locally isolated entomopathogenic fungi spore suspensions were used in this study via larval direct spraying. Results revealed that both isolates can cause high mortality rate reaching 100% after 29 days. However, Beauveria bassiana scored higher mortality rate in short time especially at the concentration of 1×1011 conidia/ mL–1 with lethal time (LT50 12.75 and LT90 20.00; while, Metarhizium anisopliae caused the higher percentage of malformed adults. Moreover, both isolates affected insect’s life cycle particularly in the pupal stage which was reduced remarkably by almost 50% in comparison with the control treatment.

TINGKAT KESESUAIAN SUAKA MARGASATWA CIKEPUH SEBAGAI HABITAT KEDUA BADAK JAWA (Rhinoceros sondaicus Desmarest, 1822

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Ribai .

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Javan rhino (Rhinoceros sondaicus is one of the rarest species in the world so categorized as critically endangered by IUCN. Survival of the rhino in Ujung Kulon National Park is threatened by a variety of factors that could cause these extinct animals, such as: invasion langkap, competition with the bulls, and inbreeding. The strategy should be promoted in maintaining and developing population that is making a second habitat. The purpose of this research is to know the suitability level of Cikepuh Wildlife Reserves (CWR as javan rhino’s second habitat. The method used is the field observations. Results showed that the CWR have high suitability as javan rhino’s second habitat with an area of 6886.4 ha (84.72% CWR. Cikepuh Wildlife Reserves components that have a high potential as second habitat are on aspects altitude, air temperature, humidity, water availability, and soil pH. Strategies that can be done in improving the suitability of the CWR as second habitat includ: create pools ofthe rhino, planting food plants that have a high palatability and reduce human pressure through strict enforcement, public education, standardized regular patrols, rehabilitation and enrichment of degraded area, livestock expenses , and review the MoU regarding the use of the area as a military Cikepuh SM. Keywords: Cikepuh Wildlife Reserve, habitat suitability, javan rhino, second habitat

A validation study of the Brief Irrational Thoughts Inventory

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Hoogsteder, L.M.; Wissink, I.B.; Stams, G.J.J.M.; van Horn, J.E.; Hendriks, J.

2014-01-01

This study examines the reliability and validity of the "Brief Irrational Thoughts Inventory" (BITI) in a sample of 256 justice-involved youths. The BITI is a questionnaire used to determine the nature and severity of irrational thoughts related to aggressive (externalizing), sub-assertive

Circulating Hemocytes from Larvae of the Japanese Rhinoceros Beetle Allomyrina dichotoma (Linnaeus) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and the Cellular Immune Response to Microorganisms.

Science.gov (United States)

Hwang, Sejung; Bang, Kyeongrin; Lee, Jiae; Cho, Saeyoull

2015-01-01

Hemocytes of the last larva of the Japanese rhinoceros beetle A. dichotoma (Linnaeus) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) were classified as granulocytes, plasmatocytes, oenocytoids, spherulocytes, prohemocytes, and adipohemocytes. Among these cell types, only the granulocytes became immunologically activated with obvious morphological changes, displaying large amoeba-like, lobopodia-like, and fan-like structures. In addition, their cytoplasmic granules became larger and greatly increased in number. To explore whether these granules could be immunologically generated as phagosomes, total hemocytes were stained with LysoTracker. Greater than 90% of the granulocytes retained the LysoTracker dye at 4 h post-bacterial infection. In flow cytometry analysis, the red fluorescent signal was highly increased at 4 h post-bacterial infection (60.36%) compared to controls (5.08%), as was confirmed by fluorescent microscopy. After 12 h post-infection, these signals returned to basal levels. The uptake of pathogens by granulocytes rapidly triggered the translocation of the microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha (LC3) to the phagosome, which may result in enhanced pathogen killing.

Circulating Hemocytes from Larvae of the Japanese Rhinoceros Beetle Allomyrina dichotoma (Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae and the Cellular Immune Response to Microorganisms.

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Sejung Hwang

Full Text Available Hemocytes of the last larva of the Japanese rhinoceros beetle A. dichotoma (Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae were classified as granulocytes, plasmatocytes, oenocytoids, spherulocytes, prohemocytes, and adipohemocytes. Among these cell types, only the granulocytes became immunologically activated with obvious morphological changes, displaying large amoeba-like, lobopodia-like, and fan-like structures. In addition, their cytoplasmic granules became larger and greatly increased in number. To explore whether these granules could be immunologically generated as phagosomes, total hemocytes were stained with LysoTracker. Greater than 90% of the granulocytes retained the LysoTracker dye at 4 h post-bacterial infection. In flow cytometry analysis, the red fluorescent signal was highly increased at 4 h post-bacterial infection (60.36% compared to controls (5.08%, as was confirmed by fluorescent microscopy. After 12 h post-infection, these signals returned to basal levels. The uptake of pathogens by granulocytes rapidly triggered the translocation of the microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha (LC3 to the phagosome, which may result in enhanced pathogen killing.

Abundance of food plant species and food habits of Rhinoceros unicorns Linn. in Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary, Assam, India

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P. Konwar

2009-09-01

Full Text Available Food habits and abundance of food plant species of Rhinoceros unicornis in Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary were studied from January 1999 through December 2001. Totally 32 numbers of Rhino food plants were identified, of which 15 were grasses, four shrubs, five aquatic hydrophytes and eight tree species (21 terrestrial and 11 aquatic. During the dry season, the Rhino feeds on almost 90% food items from Hemarthria compressa, Arundo donax, Phragmites karka, Cerex rubro-brumee etc. The other short grasses such as Cynodon dactylon, Andropogon ssp., Cenchrus ciliaris, Chrysopogon aciculatus and tender and young shoots and twigs of Schelristechya fuesche, Saccharum spontaneum, Lagerstroemia flosreginae etc. are consumed in limited portions. The rhino consumes 11 cultivated crops and vegetables, viz., Ricinus communis, Oryza sativa, Solanum melongena, Lycopersicon esculentum, Solanum tuberosum, Brassica nigra, Luffa cylindrica, Luffa acutangula, Cucurbita moschata, Cucumis sativus and Ipomoea batatas etc. Highest density of food plant species observed in the study area were Cynodon dactylon (167.5/m2, Hemarthria compressa (73.75/m2, Vetiveria zizanioides (56/m2, Saccharum ravannae (51.5/m2, Pharagmites karka (50.75/m2, Leersia hexandra (46.75/m2, Brachiarea pseudointerrupta (40/m2 and Eichhornia crassipes (35/m2.

Histaminsko otrovanje morskom ribom

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M. Nosić

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Histaminsko otrovanje je kemijska intoksikacija do koje dolazi kada se u organizam unese hrana (u ovom slučaju riba koja sadrži visoku koncentraciju histamina. Histamin se u ribi oblikuje post mortem, bakterijskom dekarboksilacijom esencijalne aminokiseline histidina. U ovom radu će se govoriti o uzrocima nastajanja histamina u ribi te o njegovu djelovanju na čovjekovo zdravlje te će ujedno biti navedeni načini prevencije ove vrste otrovanja. Ujedno će biti opisani slučajevi histaminskog otrovanja u našoj zemlji i u svijetu te će biti interpretirane stavke iz važećeg Pravilnika o mikrobiološkim kriterijima za hranu na temelju kojih se odlučuje o rezultatima kemijske analize na histamin.

İlkokuma Yazma Öğretimi Sürecinde Bitişik Eğik Yazı Ve Dik Temel Harflerle Yapılan Eğitimin Öğretmen Görüşlerine Göre Karşılaştırılması A Comparison Of Cursive Italic Writing And Basic Vertical Letters While Teaching Basal Reading And Writing Based On Teachers’ Views

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Fatma SUSAR KIRMIZI

2013-09-01

Full Text Available This study aimed to identify teachers’ views with regard toteaching basal reading and writing with cursive italic writing and basicvertical letters. Action research that is one of the qualitative researchmethods was employed. The population of the study was consisted ofelementary 1st and 2nd graders’ teachers working in Denizli and itsdistricts. Using criterion sampling, 68 elementary teachers were askedfor their opinions. As for the data gathering instrument a survey ofopen-ended six questions developed by the researchers were used in thestudy. Open-coding method was used for data analysis. As a result ofthe analysis, it was seen that the teachers found teaching with basicvertical letters easier both in preparing students for reading and writingand in teaching writing. Furthermore, they argued that with basicvertical letters, students write more beautiful and legible. Most of theteachers participated in the study preferred basic vertical letters justbecause they found cursive italic writing more difficult in teaching basalreading and writing. A comprehensive training related to cursive italicwriting should be provided to teachers. Wider scale studies focusing onwhether teachers prefer cursive italic writing or basic vertical letters inteaching basal reading and writing. Bu araştırma ile öğretmenlerin ilkokuma yazma öğretimi sürecinde bitişik eğik yazı ve dik temel harflerle yapılan eğitim hakkındaki görüşlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma sürecinde nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden olan durum çalışması deseni benimsenmiştir. Çalışmanın evreni Denizli il ve ilçelerindeki ilkokullarda görev yapan 1. ve 2. sınıf öğretmenlerinden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada ölçüt örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenen 63 kişiden oluşan 1. ve 2. sınıf öğretmeninin görüşüne başvurulmuştur. Veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen kişisel bilgiler formu ve 6 açık u

Seasonal and nocturnal activities of the rhinoceros borer (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in the north Saharan oases ecosystems.

Science.gov (United States)

Ehsine, M'hammed; Belkadhi, Mohamed Sadok; Chaieb, Mohammed

2014-01-01

The rhinoceros borer Oryctes agamemnon Burmeister (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) is a date palm insect pest that causes damage to trunk and roots of palm trees in several countries, including Tunisia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Oman, and Saudi Arabia. The aim of this study was to monitor the seasonal and nocturnal activities of this beetle. Experiments were performed on a date palm of Rjim Maatoug during a 6-yr period (2004-2007, 2009-2010). Field survey using light traps shows that O. agamemnon is a univoltine, with a single population peak. Adults appear in the field around late May-early June and the population continued to build until maximum numbers are reached between the end of July and the beginning of August in the same year. No adults were found after first 10 d of November. This peak was characterized by female dominance in number. The monitoring of nocturnal activity showed that it starts its activities roughly 40 min after the sundown and continues until approximately 1 h before sunrise. The highest number of trapped beetles was remarked in the two first hours of flight activity, with a dominance of female in the first hour and a dominance of male in the second hour. We remarked that the sex ratio (female:male) of the cumulated number of trapped adults in the different years and nights of survey was in favor of females. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Entomological Society of America.

The Brain of the Black (Diceros bicornis and White (Ceratotherium simum African Rhinoceroses: Morphology and Volumetrics from Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adhil Bhagwandin

2017-08-01

Full Text Available The morphology and volumetrics of the understudied brains of two iconic large terrestrial African mammals: the black (Diceros bicornis and white (Ceratotherium simum rhinoceroses are described. The black rhinoceros is typically solitary whereas the white rhinoceros is social, and both are members of the Perissodactyl order. Here, we provide descriptions of the surface of the brain of each rhinoceros. For both species, we use magnetic resonance images (MRI to develop a description of the internal anatomy of the rhinoceros brain and to calculate the volume of the amygdala, cerebellum, corpus callosum, hippocampus, and ventricular system as well as to determine the gyrencephalic index. The morphology of both black and white rhinoceros brains is very similar to each other, although certain minor differences, seemingly related to diet, were noted, and both brains evince the general anatomy of the mammalian brain. The rhinoceros brains display no obvious neuroanatomical specializations in comparison to other mammals previously studied. In addition, the volumetric analyses indicate that the size of the various regions of the rhinoceros brain measured, as well as the extent of gyrification, are what would be predicted for a mammal with their brain mass when compared allometrically to previously published data. We conclude that the brains of the black and white rhinoceros exhibit a typically mammalian organization at a superficial level, but histological studies may reveal specializations of interest in relation to rhinoceros behavior.

puff-adder, Bitis arietans

African Journals Online (AJOL)

coast of the Cape Province. Investl Rep. Div. Fish. Un. S. Afr. 34: 1-75. RAND, R.W. 1967. The Cape fur seal ... Departments of General Anatomy and General Physiology, ... A = cJotophyte muscle; B '" main venom gland; C = neck legion;.

Development of single locus DNA microsatellite markers in Oryctes ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Oryctes rhinoceros, commonly known as rhinoceros bee- tle, is an important pest in oil palm plantations. The pres- ence of this pest in replanting sites as early as six months ..... rhinoceros: breeding and damage on oil palm in an oil palm to oil.

A study on the behavior and colonization of translocated Greater One-horned Rhinos Rhinoceros unicornis (Mammalia: Perissodactyla: Rhinocerotidae during 90 days from their release at Manas National Park, Assam India

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Deba Kumar Dutta

2015-02-01

Full Text Available Under the Indian Rhino Vision 2020, 18 wild Greater One-horned Rhinos Rhinoceros unicornis were translocated from two rhino bearing areas, Kaziranga National Park and Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary to Manas National Park within the state of Assam, from 2008 to 2012. Following the release, the rhinos were closely monitored through radio tracking and direct observation to record their colonization pattern and behavioral adaptation to the new environment. Out of the 18 rhinos released at Manas, 16 (89% rhinos dispersed in approximately the same direction from the release sites. The rhinos released from Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary strayed more when compared to the rhinos from Kaziranga National Park. This paper describes the behavior patterns observed in Manas National Park, which may provide a useful alternative approach for future rhino translocation.

Contact calls of the northern and southern white rhinoceros allow for individual and species identification.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ivana Cinková

Full Text Available Inter-individual relationships particularly in socially living mammals often require a well-developed communication system. Vocal and olfactory signals are the most important for the communication of rhinos, however, their vocal communication has been investigated to a very limited extent so far. White rhinos have the most developed social system out of all the rhinoceros species and vocal signals might therefore play an important role in their social interactions. We recorded repetitive contact pant calls from six captive northern white rhinos (Ceratotherium cottoni and 14 captive and free-ranging southern white rhinos (Ceratotherium simum and examined if they transmit information about individual identity, species, social context and age class. Discriminant analyses revealed that a high percentage of the pant calls of both species could be classified to a correct individual. We calculated signature information capacity of pant calls recorded from adult animals in isolation at 3.19 bits for the northern white rhinos and at 3.15 bits for the southern white rhinos, which can potentially allow for a vocal discrimination of nine individuals of both species. We found that pant calls varied by species. Northern white rhinos had longer calls and also differed from the southern white rhinos in several frequency parameters of their calls. We also analysed the pant calls of southern white rhinos for the differences between the age classes and between social contexts in which they were recorded. Our results show that pant calls carry information about individual, species, age class and context. The ability to recognize this information would allow rhinos, in addition to olfactory cues, to communicate with highly increased accuracy. A better understanding of communication of white rhinos has potential practical use in their management and conservation particularly because of the low breeding success of white rhinos in captivity.

Vaccine-induced protection against anthrax in cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) and black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis).

Science.gov (United States)

Turnbull, P C B; Tindall, B W; Coetzee, J D; Conradie, C M; Bull, R L; Lindeque, P M; Huebschle, O J B

2004-09-03

Institution of a policy of vaccination in endangered species with a vaccine not previously administered to it cannot be undertaken lightly. This applies even more in the case of cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) with their unusually monomorphic gene pool and the potential restrictions this places on their immune responses. However, the recently observed mortalities from anthrax in these animals in the Etosha National Park, Namibia, made it imperative to evaluate vaccination. Black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis), another endangered species in the park, have been vaccinated for over three decades but the effectiveness of this has never been evaluated. Passive protection tests in A/J mice using sera from 12 cheetahs together with enzyme immunoassay indicated that cheetah are able to mount seemingly normal primary and secondary humoral immune responses to the Sterne 34F2 live spore livestock vaccine. Overall protection rates in mice injected with the sera rose and fell in concert with rises and declines in antibody titres, although fine analysis showed that the correlation between titre and protection was complex. Once a high level of protection (96% of mice 1 month after a second booster in the cheetahs) had been achieved, the duration of substantial protection appeared good (60% of the mice 5 months after the second booster). Protection conferred on mice by sera from three of four vaccinated rhino was almost complete, but, obscurely, none of the mice receiving serum from the fourth rhino were protected. Sera from three park lions with naturally acquired high antibody titres, included as controls, also conferred high levels of protection. For the purposes of wildlife management, the conclusions were that vaccination of cheetah with the standard animal anthrax vaccine causes no observable ill effect in the animals and does appear to confer protective immunity. At least one well-separated booster does appear to be desirable. Vaccination of rhino also appears to be justified

Vpeljava mikrostoritev v Java EE aplikacije

OpenAIRE

ARTAČ, BLAŽ

2016-01-01

Zahtevnost (poslovnih) aplikacij se povečuje dnevno. Aplikacije morajo biti skalabilne, delovati na več platformah hkrati (splet, pametni telefoni …), se povezovati in integrirati z zunanjimi storitvami, obdelovati velike količine podatkov v kratkem času, biti prilagojene za delovanje v oblaku … Kljub novim izzivom pa se razvoja takih aplikacij še vedno lotevamo na monoliten način, ki postaja čedalje manj primeren za sodobno, hitro rastoče (oblačno) okolje. Kot odgovor na to so se pojavile mi...

Erysipelothrix larvae sp. nov., isolated from the larval gut of the rhinoceros beetle, Trypoxylus dichotomus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae).

Science.gov (United States)

Bang, Byung-Ho; Rhee, Moon-Soo; Chang, Dong-Ho; Park, Doo-Sang; Kim, Byoung-Chan

2015-02-01

A novel, Gram-stain positive, facultative anaerobic, non-motile and straight to curve rod shaped bacterium, strain LV19(T) was isolated from the larval gut of the rhinoceros beetle, Trypoxylus dichotomus, which was collected from Yeong-dong, Chuncheongbuk-do, South Korea. The colonies of the new isolate were convex, circular, cream white in color and 1-2 mm in diameter after 3 days incubation on Tryptic Soy Agar at 37 °C. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the new isolate was most closely related to Erysipelothrix inopinata MF-EP02(T), E. rhusiopathiae ATCC 19414 (T) and E. tonsillarum T-305(T) (94.8, 93.8 and 93.7 % similarity, respectively). Strain LV19(T) grew optimally at 37 °C, at pH 8.0 and in the presence of 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl. Oxidase activity and catalase activity were negative. The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were C18:2 cis-9,12 (28.9 %), C18:1 cis-9 (22.3 %), C16:0 (22.2 %) and C18:0 (18.5 %). The cell-wall hydrolysates contained ribose as a major sugar. Major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol and three unidentified glycolipids. No quinone was detected. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 36.3 mol%. The levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain LV19(T) and all the reference strains were less than 20 %. On the basis of polyphasic evidence from this study, the isolate is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Erysipelothrix, for which the name Erysipelothrix larvae sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is LV19(T) (=KCTC 33523(T) = DSM 28480(T)).

Demokratski stil vođenja

OpenAIRE

Roko, Maruna

2018-01-01

Djelatnici u poduzeću s demokratskim stilom vođenja moraju biti zadovoljni plaćom i ostalim beneficijama, kao i uvjetima rada, te moraju biti motivirani zahvaljujući nemonotonosti posla i upravljačkim vještinama uprave. Velike prednosti demokratskog stila vođenja su veća fleksibilnost i zarada i izostanak neizvjesnosti i svakodnevnog stresa zbog rizika, dok se teški rad i upornost nagrađuju. Demokratski vođa mora konstantno ispitivati informacije na tržištu prodaje i nabave, proučavati zakons...

Attraction to Carbon Dioxide from Feeding Resources and Conspecific Neighbours in Larvae of the Rhinoceros Beetle Trypoxylus dichotomus.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wataru Kojima

Full Text Available Saprophagous (feeding on decaying matter insects often use carbon dioxide (CO2 as a cue for finding food. Humus-feeding larvae of the giant rhinoceros beetle Trypoxylus dichotomus exhibit a clumped distribution in natural microhabitats, but the mechanisms driving the distribution were unknown. Herein, I examined whether larvae use CO2 as a cue for fermented humus and aggregate in the vicinity of the food. I found that (i larvae of T. dichotomus are strongly attracted to CO2, (ii larvae orient toward highly fermented humus when given a choice between highly and poorly fermented humus, (iii the highly fermented humus emits more CO2 than the poorly fermented humus, and (iv larvae grow larger when fed highly fermented humus rather than poorly fermented humus. The clumped distribution of larvae is probably formed along the concentration gradient of CO2 induced by heterogeneity of fermented organic materials in soil. My laboratory experiments also revealed that larvae are chemically attracted to each other. Moreover, CO2 concentrations in soil were increased by the larval respiration, and small amounts of CO2 (much less than emitted during respiration by a single larva were sufficient for larval attraction. These results suggest that not only response to fermented food resources, but also respiratory CO2 from conspecifics may lead to aggregation. Enhanced densities resulted in reduced weight gain under experimental conditions. However, exploiting a high-value resource at enhanced densities still led to greater body weight compared to individually exploiting a low-value resource. This demonstrates the adaptive value of the response to CO2 sources in this species.

Attraction to Carbon Dioxide from Feeding Resources and Conspecific Neighbours in Larvae of the Rhinoceros Beetle Trypoxylus dichotomus.

Science.gov (United States)

Kojima, Wataru

2015-01-01

Saprophagous (feeding on decaying matter) insects often use carbon dioxide (CO2) as a cue for finding food. Humus-feeding larvae of the giant rhinoceros beetle Trypoxylus dichotomus exhibit a clumped distribution in natural microhabitats, but the mechanisms driving the distribution were unknown. Herein, I examined whether larvae use CO2 as a cue for fermented humus and aggregate in the vicinity of the food. I found that (i) larvae of T. dichotomus are strongly attracted to CO2, (ii) larvae orient toward highly fermented humus when given a choice between highly and poorly fermented humus, (iii) the highly fermented humus emits more CO2 than the poorly fermented humus, and (iv) larvae grow larger when fed highly fermented humus rather than poorly fermented humus. The clumped distribution of larvae is probably formed along the concentration gradient of CO2 induced by heterogeneity of fermented organic materials in soil. My laboratory experiments also revealed that larvae are chemically attracted to each other. Moreover, CO2 concentrations in soil were increased by the larval respiration, and small amounts of CO2 (much less than emitted during respiration by a single larva) were sufficient for larval attraction. These results suggest that not only response to fermented food resources, but also respiratory CO2 from conspecifics may lead to aggregation. Enhanced densities resulted in reduced weight gain under experimental conditions. However, exploiting a high-value resource at enhanced densities still led to greater body weight compared to individually exploiting a low-value resource. This demonstrates the adaptive value of the response to CO2 sources in this species.

Vloga vohunov pri razvoju sovjetske atomske bombe : diplomsko delo visokošolskega strokovnega študija Varnost in policijsko delo

OpenAIRE

Križan, Petra

2013-01-01

Človek se je že od nekdaj zavedal, da je potrebno biti v koraku pred ostalimi, če želi biti uspešen in inovativen. Toda kako vedeti, da ni nasprotnik v razmišljanju, če ne celo v dejanjih že pred tabo? Za razblinjanje teh dvomov so tukaj nastopile osebe − vohuni, o katerih govori to diplomsko delo. Poskušala sem predstaviti pomembnost delovanja vohunov, še posebej pa sem se seveda osredotočila na njihov prispevek k razvoju sovjetske atomske bombe. Na samem začetku sem opisala pojme, ki so...

Efekt neposredne blizine u kontekstu pretilosti kod djece

OpenAIRE

Čulić, Ana

2015-01-01

Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati postoji li kod djece razlika u procjeni preferencije druženja s određenim djetetom ovisno o tjelesnoj težini procjenjivanog djeteta. Također, ispitano je hoće li grupa djece od strane ispitanika biti preferirana za druženje onoliko koliko će biti preferiran njen najmanje poželjan član, a ne kao suma iskazanih preferencija prema svakom članu grupe posebno.U istraživanju je sudjelovao prigodni uzorak od 59 dječaka i 43 djevojčice od prvog do četvrtog razre...

Biti ili ne biti žena? Percepcija visokoobrazovanih žena o rodnoj jednakosti na radnom mjestu

OpenAIRE

Pološki Vokić, Nina; Sinčić Ćorić, Dubravka; Obadić, Alka

2017-01-01

Polazišna točka rada je da visokoobrazovane žene trpe manje nejednakosti na radnom mjestu. Kako bismo to testirali, provedena su primarna i sekundarna istraživanja. Sekundarni podatci odnose se na područje obrazovanja, sudjelovanje u aktivnostima koje se temelje na znanju, statusu u hijerarhiji i razlici u plaćama visokoobrazovanih žena u odnosu na plaće muškaraca u odabranim europskim zemljama, dok primarni podatci prikazuju percepcije visokoobrazovanih žena o kontekstualnim čimbenicima koji...

Dry season diets of sympatric ungulates in lowland Nepal: competition and facilitation in alluvial tall grasslands

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Wegge, P.; Shrestha, A.K.; Moe, S.R.

2006-01-01

Based on microhistological analyses of faecal material, we compared the early dry season diets of greater one-horned rhinoceros Rhinoceros unicornis, swamp deer Cervus duvauceli and hog deer Axis porcinus, which inhabit the same alluvial grassland habitat complex in lowland Nepal. Their diets were

9 CFR 93.804 - Declaration upon arrival.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Elephants, Hippopotami, Rhinoceroses, and Tapirs § 93.804 Declaration upon arrival. Upon arrival of an elephant, hippopotamus, rhinoceros, or tapir at a..., rhinoceros, or tapir was shipped; (h) The number, species, and purpose of importation of the elephant...

AN OBSERVATION ON NOMINAL SENTENCES WITH N-DEMONSTRATIVES IN CLASSICAL EGYPTIAN

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

EdmundS.Meltzer

1995-01-01

The employment of both "bipartite" and "tripartite" nominal sentence patterns containing demonstratives of the n-series in Middle Egyptian~1 shows a characteristic sufficiently consistent to warrant the suggestion that a semantic constraint is operative: VIZ., that those sentences are employed with NPs that are [-PERSON], not [+PERSON]. Therefore, sentences such as ~*R’/it.i/ink (pw) nn/nf(3)/n3/nw are excluded. In a sentence suc(?) as bit.i pw n3 "This is my character/conduct"~2, bit.i "my character/conduct" is [-PERSON], whereas one could not say, e.g., ~*s3. i pw n3 "This is my son." According to this hypothesis, all Middle Egyptian

9 CFR 93.802 - Import permit.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Elephants, Hippopotami, Rhinoceroses, and Tapirs § 93.802 Import permit. (a) An elephant, hippopotamus, rhinoceros, or tapir shall not be imported into the United States... export an elephant, hippopotamus, rhinoceros, or tapir to the United States; (2) The name and address of...

Biology and management of palm dynastid beetles: recent advances.

Science.gov (United States)

Bedford, Geoffrey O

2013-01-01

Coconut, oil, and date palms are important crops in the tropics and are attacked by dynastids that cause loss of production or death of hosts. Knowledge of their breeding sites has been extended since a previous review in 1980. The fungus Metarhizium anisopliae has potential as a biopesticide against immature stages in friable breeding sites. The molecular biology and ultrastructure of Oryctes rhinoceros Nudivirus (OrNV), disseminated by adults, have been studied, and this pathogen can reduce O. rhinoceros populations and damage when introduced into new locations, especially where damage had been high. New PCR techniques may enable reliable quantification of dosages ingested and hence virulence of different isolates. Male-produced aggregation pheromones have been identified in several species, for which they may have management potential, having been used commercially for trapping O. rhinoceros in oil palm plantations in Southeast Asia, and tested against O. monoceros in Africa.

Analysis of complete mitochondrial genomes from extinct and extant rhinoceroses reveals lack of phylogenetic resolution

Science.gov (United States)

Willerslev, Eske; Gilbert, M Thomas P; Binladen, Jonas; Ho, Simon YW; Campos, Paula F; Ratan, Aakrosh; Tomsho, Lynn P; da Fonseca, Rute R; Sher, Andrei; Kuznetsova, Tatanya V; Nowak-Kemp, Malgosia; Roth, Terri L; Miller, Webb; Schuster, Stephan C

2009-01-01

Background The scientific literature contains many examples where DNA sequence analyses have been used to provide definitive answers to phylogenetic problems that traditional (non-DNA based) approaches alone have failed to resolve. One notable example concerns the rhinoceroses, a group for which several contradictory phylogenies were proposed on the basis of morphology, then apparently resolved using mitochondrial DNA fragments. Results In this study we report the first complete mitochondrial genome sequences of the extinct ice-age woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis), and the threatened Javan (Rhinoceros sondaicus), Sumatran (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis), and black (Diceros bicornis) rhinoceroses. In combination with the previously published mitochondrial genomes of the white (Ceratotherium simum) and Indian (Rhinoceros unicornis) rhinoceroses, this data set putatively enables reconstruction of the rhinoceros phylogeny. While the six species cluster into three strongly supported sister-pairings: (i) The black/white, (ii) the woolly/Sumatran, and (iii) the Javan/Indian, resolution of the higher-level relationships has no statistical support. The phylogenetic signal from individual genes is highly diffuse, with mixed topological support from different genes. Furthermore, the choice of outgroup (horse vs tapir) has considerable effect on reconstruction of the phylogeny. The lack of resolution is suggestive of a hard polytomy at the base of crown-group Rhinocerotidae, and this is supported by an investigation of the relative branch lengths. Conclusion Satisfactory resolution of the rhinoceros phylogeny may not be achievable without additional analyses of substantial amounts of nuclear DNA. This study provides a compelling demonstration that, in spite of substantial sequence length, there are significant limitations with single-locus phylogenetics. We expect further examples of this to appear as next-generation, large-scale sequencing of complete mitochondrial

Analysis of complete mitochondrial genomes from extinct and extant rhinoceroses reveals lack of phylogenetic resolution

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nowak-Kemp Malgosia

2009-05-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background The scientific literature contains many examples where DNA sequence analyses have been used to provide definitive answers to phylogenetic problems that traditional (non-DNA based approaches alone have failed to resolve. One notable example concerns the rhinoceroses, a group for which several contradictory phylogenies were proposed on the basis of morphology, then apparently resolved using mitochondrial DNA fragments. Results In this study we report the first complete mitochondrial genome sequences of the extinct ice-age woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis, and the threatened Javan (Rhinoceros sondaicus, Sumatran (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis, and black (Diceros bicornis rhinoceroses. In combination with the previously published mitochondrial genomes of the white (Ceratotherium simum and Indian (Rhinoceros unicornis rhinoceroses, this data set putatively enables reconstruction of the rhinoceros phylogeny. While the six species cluster into three strongly supported sister-pairings: (i The black/white, (ii the woolly/Sumatran, and (iii the Javan/Indian, resolution of the higher-level relationships has no statistical support. The phylogenetic signal from individual genes is highly diffuse, with mixed topological support from different genes. Furthermore, the choice of outgroup (horse vs tapir has considerable effect on reconstruction of the phylogeny. The lack of resolution is suggestive of a hard polytomy at the base of crown-group Rhinocerotidae, and this is supported by an investigation of the relative branch lengths. Conclusion Satisfactory resolution of the rhinoceros phylogeny may not be achievable without additional analyses of substantial amounts of nuclear DNA. This study provides a compelling demonstration that, in spite of substantial sequence length, there are significant limitations with single-locus phylogenetics. We expect further examples of this to appear as next-generation, large-scale sequencing of complete

Haridustee = Education / Tiiu-Liisa Rummo-Laes

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Rummo-Laes, Tiiu-Liisa

2006-01-01

Põhihariduses soolist eristumist ei ole märgata, murettekitavalt suur on poiste väljalangemine enne põhihariduse omandamist. Tütarlapsed ja noormehed üld- ja kutsehariduses, kesk- ja kõrghariduses. Noorte õppimine ja töötamine leibkonnatüübiti. Tabel, graafik, diagrammid

Properties of Oryctes Baculovirus Isolated in Indonesia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jun Kobayashi

1995-12-01

Full Text Available An Indonesian isolate of Oryctes baculovirus was purified from infected midguts of the rhinoceros beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros by centrifugation on a 10–40% (w/v sucroese gradient. Morphological features of  nucleocapsid including a tail-like projection were very same as those previously reported. Both protein components of purified particles and restriction fragment electrophoresis profiles of viral DNA were similar to those of their isolates of Oryctes baculovirus, although there were some differences. Key words: Baculovirus oryctes, electrophoresis

Zakaj in kako biti družbeno odgovoren?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Milan Simončič

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Research Question (RQ: Modern society is critical more and more to social irresponsible actions. Organizations are aware of that fact, in the strategy of its operations want to include the implementation of socially responsibleprinciples. We are interested in how various authors perceive the concept of social responsibility of organizations, what they are benefits of socially responsible organization, how organizations implement its mission, including itsexternal stakeholders involvement and how that activities affects the diversity of cultural environments. Purpose: Study and summary a portion of the available references, in which the authors for different purposes research the social responsibility of organizations. We confronted and compareddifferent viewpoints. Method: We used the method of description (description of facts and method of compilation (summary of known results of scientific research. Results: The collected references are categorized by selected areas presented the classification of the authors, which address particular areas of social responsibility, the resources classified by years of posts and articles by scientific journals. Organization: Organizations will summarize the findings and use it as a starting point for further research, evaluation and eventual optimization of existing models of the concept of corporate social responsibility. Society: Findings will be used as a keystone for further research, society will be aware of the importance of implementing the principles of social responsibility, they will meet the challenges of coexistence with the social responsible organizations. Originality: Groups, which will use the results for further empirical research, are the wider society and organizations who want to improve their image and carry out socially responsible actions. Review of articles highlights various views, which in other articles did not found. Limitations/Future Research: Review of articles was limited to some journals and includes only some of the areas of importance for understanding the problems of deployment and implementation, and the motives for corporate social responsibility. Articles, order than 15 years,not included due to lack of interest in the present circumstances. In further research it would be welcome to increase the number of analyzed articles and take focus to some more specific areas (for instance: consider implementing social responsibility of specific organizations, such as nuclear power plants, chemical industry, evaluate possible further ethical dilemmas in health care, genetic research, cybernetics, etc.

Effects of Puff-Adder Venom on Coagulation, Fibrinolysis and ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The in vitro and in vivo haematological effects of puffadder (Bitis arietans) venom in the baboon (Papio ursinus) with regard to its effect on coagulation, fibrinolysis and platelet aggregation were studied. There is a delay in the intrinsic coagulation mechanism with fibrinolysis and in vitro fibrinogenolysis. Normal human ...

Contrasted patterns of evolution of the LINE-1 retrotransposon in perissodactyls: the history of a LINE-1 extinction.

Science.gov (United States)

Sookdeo, Akash; Hepp, Crystal M; Boissinot, Stéphane

2018-01-01

LINE-1 (L1) is the dominant autonomously replicating non-LTR retrotransposon in mammals. Although our knowledge of L1 evolution across the tree of life has considerably improved in recent years, what we know of L1 evolution in mammals is biased and comes mostly from studies in primates (mostly human) and rodents (mostly mouse). It is unclear if patterns of evolution that are shared between those two groups apply to other mammalian orders. Here we performed a detailed study on the evolution of L1 in perissodactyls by making use of the complete genome of the domestic horse and of the white rhinoceros. This mammalian order offers an excellent model to study the extinction of L1 since the rhinoceros is one of the few mammalian species to have lost active L1. We found that multiple L1 lineages, carrying different 5'UTRs, have been simultaneously active during the evolution of perissodactyls. We also found that L1 has continuously amplified and diversified in horse. In rhinoceros, L1 was very prolific early on. Two successful families were simultaneously active until ~20my ago but became extinct suddenly at exactly the same time. The general pattern of L1 evolution in perissodactyls is very similar to what was previously described in mouse and human, suggesting some commonalities in the way mammalian genomes interact with L1. We confirmed the extinction of L1 in rhinoceros and we discuss several possible mechanisms.

Chemical dosimetry of the RA reactor at Vinca, Yugoslavia; Hemijska dozimetrija reaktora RA

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gal, O; Markovic, V; Radak, B [Institute of Nuclear Sciences Boris Kidric, Vinca, Beograd (Serbia and Montenegro)

1969-07-01

problema dozimetrije reaktora kao na problem dvokomponentnog polja i da se prikazu mogucnosti njegovog resavanja. Potom ce biti prikazani hemijski sistemi razradjivani ili u toku razrade u nasoj laboratoriji, sa njihovim karakteristikama i mogucnostima prakticne primene. Izvesni detalji koji su u praksi cesto znacajni ovde ce biti izostavljeni. Nece biti pominjana ni brojna tehnicka ogranicenja koja se srecu u prakticnom radu. O njima je do sada na vise mesta opsirno pisano (1-3). Na kraju ce biti dat pregled merenja razradjenim dozimetrima, kao i aktivnosti grupe na razvoju dozimetrije reaktora (author)

A New Approach to Structural Reliability in Fatigue Failure

Science.gov (United States)

1998-03-01

6. AUTHOR(S) Dr. Sia Nemat-Nasser (PI) Dr. Joseph Zarka 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAMES(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION UniveBity of...their own problems. IV PUBLICATIONS Huang, J., J. Zarka and P. Navidi, "A New Approach in Relaibility of Welded Structures," Proceedings of the ASCE

Classifying snakebite in South Africa: Validating a scoring system

African Journals Online (AJOL)

There are some 38 venomous snake species in South Africa (SA), of which approximately half are dangerous to humans.[1] Snake species and density vary across the regions of SA.[2] Prevalent species include the Mozambique spitting cobra (Naja mossambica) and puff adder. (Bitis arietans), an elapid and viperid ...

A serological survey of brucellosis in wild ungulate species from five game parks in Zimbabwe

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tatenda R. Motsi

2013-09-01

Full Text Available A retrospective serosurvey was carried out between 2009 and 2012 to detect antibodies to Brucella spp. in free-ranging African wildlife ungulates from five selected game parks in Zimbabwe. Samples were drawn from wildlife-livestock interface and non-interface areas in Zimbabwe. A total of 270 serum samples from four different species, namely African buffalo (Syncerus caffer (n=106, impala (Aepyceros melampus (n = 72, black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis (n= 45 and white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum (n = 47, were tested. The percentage of positive samples was 17.0% in buffalo (18/106; 95% CI: 9.72% – 24.1% and 1.4% in impala (1/72; 95% CI: 0% – 4.2%. No antibodies to Brucella spp. were detected in the two rhinoceros species. The difference in the percentage of seropositive cases between buffalo and impala was significant (p< 0.05. Seropositivity to Brucella spp. was higher (19.1% in adult buffalo compared with juveniles and sub-adults younger than six years (5.9%. Further, seropositivity was marginally higher (20.4% in animals from wildlife-livestock interface areas than in those from non-interface areas (13.45%; OR = 1.45 although the difference was not statistically significant. The study showed that brucellosis could be more widespread in buffalo and may circulate in this species independently in the absence of contact with cattle, whilst rhinoceros may be considered less susceptible to brucellosis. The role of the wildlife-livestock interface in the epidemiology of brucellosis in wildlife and livestock is probably overstated but needs to be explored further.

Les morsures de serpent en milieux pédiatriques à l'hôpital de l ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

FAV-Afrique) actif sur les espèces Bitis, Echis, Naja et Dendroaspis de Sanofi Pasteur couplé au besoin d'un traitement symptomatique. Résultats: Un total de 56 dossiers de patients (sex-ratio 1,6; âge moyen = 9,36 ± 3,66 ans) ont été colligés ...

Võidusammas muutus ohtlikuks ja isoleeriti aiaga / Urmas Jaagant

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Jaagant, Urmas

2010-01-01

Vabaduse väljakul kukkus 5. juunil Vabadussõja võidusamba küljest alla klaasist nurgaliist. Rööbiti liistu allakukkumise põhjuse väljaselgitamisega kontrollitakse üle teised nurgaliistud. Kaitseministeerium on juhtunust teavitanud võidusamba ehitanud Tšehhi firmat Sans Souci. Liistujuhtum ei tohiks segada võidusamba uue valgustussüsteemi ehitamist

Kaj napravi manj izobražene odrasle drugačne?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dušana Findeisen

1997-12-01

Full Text Available Avtorica v tem prispevku obravnava vprašanje: kako se učijo manj izobraženi odrasli. V zvezi s tem se ustavi tudi pri motivaciji za izobraževanje pri takšnih odraslih učencih in ugotavlja, da imajo le življenjske potrebe, ne pa tudi izobraževalnih. Pri tem uporabljajo tudi posebne načine učenja. Vse to narekuje mentorju drugačno programiranje in izpeljavo izobraževalnega programa. Vprašanje, ki se mu Dušana Findeisen najbolj posveti, je vprašanje mentorjevega diskurza, ki mora biti čim bolj podobno diskurzu, ki ponazarja delo. Mentorjeva govorica ne sme biti formalizirana in do kraja strukturirana. Mentor naj jo takoj oblikuje. Uporablja naj dosti parafraz. Njegova misel “Se mora iskati”. Svoja spoznanja avtorica opira na izkušnje pridobljene v jezikovnih tečajih, po programih, ki temeljijo na analiziranih govornih in drugih potrebah skupine, to je programih, namenjenih skupinam natakarjev in sprevodnikov na vlakih intercity.

Elektron Mikroskopi dan Imunogenisitas Baculovirus oryctes Isolat Yogyakarta

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

YB Sumardiyono

1995-12-01

Full Text Available Palm rhinoceros beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros was infected per os with Yogyakarta isolate of Baculovirus oryctes in laboratory condition. Midguts of infected beetle obtained were then extracted for further nucleoprotein purification by centrifugation method. Electron microscopy studies on purified nucleoprotein revealed rod-shape viruses with rounded end measured 190×94 nm in average. One end of the particle showed tail-like structure. Antibodies against the virus were obtained by immunization to rabbit, and reacted against either purified virus or extract of infected beetle, but not against extract of healthy beetle. Key words: Baculovirus oryctes, polyclonal antibody

Evolution in Oryctes baculovirus: rate and types of genomic change.

Science.gov (United States)

Crawford, A M; Zelazny, B

1990-01-01

Three cloned strains of Oryctes baculovirus were released into a previously unexposed population of the host insect, the coconut palm rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes rhinoceros. The experiment was conducted on Meemu Atoll in the Maldive Islands. Viruses were isolated from the beetle population at 1 year, 1.75 years, and 4 years after release. No changes in genotype were observed in viruses isolated after 1 and 1.75 years. After 4 years, however, three types of genomic change had occurred. A recombinant derived from two of the released strains, an isolate containing a 100-bp insert, and one example of a point mutation were found in the 22 isolates examined.

NAKNADA BUDUĆE ŠTETE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jadranko Jug

2015-01-01

Full Text Available U radu se obrađuje problematika vezana uz naknadu štete koja nastaje u budućnosti. Za razliku od postojeće štete kod koje je šteta već nastala temeljem određenog uzroka ili štetnog događaja, kod buduće štete nastao je samo njezin uzrok, a sama šteta još nije nastala. Buduća šteta može biti neizvjesna, a može biti i potpuno izvjesno da će nastupiti u budućnosti. Posebna je dvojba o pravnoj naravi buduće štete koja će izvjesno sukcesivno nastajati u budućnosti, odnosno radi li se o povremenim potraživanjima i kada nastupa zastara takvih potraživanja. Buduća šteta može biti imovinska ili neimovinska, ali se u pravilu najviše dvojbi pojavljuje kod buduće imovinske štete za koju Zakon o obveznim odnosima propisuje mogućnost potraživanja naknade štete u obliku novčane rente. Jedno od pitanja koje se nametnulo u sudskoj praksi odnosi se na to je li moguće potraživati naknadu buduće izvjesne štete za koju je propisano da se ostvaruje u obliku novčane rente i pojedinačnim utuženjima za određena protekla razdoblja. Stoga su u radu predmet razmatranja sva pitanja koja se odnose na vrstu, pravnu narav, mogućnost ostvarenja i zastaru naknade buduće štete. Osnovna metoda u radu je analiza i istraživanje sudske prakse, odnosno odluka Vrhovnog suda Republike Hrvatske koje se odnose na potraživanja naknade buduće štete, a cilj i svrha rada je otklanjanje postojećih dvojbi u svezi s ostvarenjem naknade buduće štete.

Primary structure of pancreatic polypeptide from four species of Perissodactyla (Przewalski's horse, zebra, rhino, tapir).

Science.gov (United States)

Henry, J S; Lance, V A; Conlon, J M

1991-12-01

Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) has been purified from extracts of the pancreas of four species of odd-toed ungulates (Perissodactyla): Przewalski's horse, mountain zebra, white rhinoceros, and mountain tapir. The amino acid sequence of Przewalski's horse pancreatic polypeptide was established as Ala-Pro-Met-Glu-Pro-Val-Tyr-Pro-Gly-Asp10-Asn- Ala-Thr-Pro-Glu-Gln-Met-Ala-Gln-Tyr20-Ala-Ala-Glu-Leu-Arg-Arg-Tyr- Ile-Asn-Met30 - Leu-Thr-Arg-Pro-Arg-Tyr.NH2. Zebra PP was identical to Przewalski's horse PP, rhinoceros PP contained three substitutions relative to the horse (Ser for Ala1, Leu for Met3, and Glu for Gln16), and tapir PP contained one substitution relative to the horse (Leu for Met3). On the basis of morphological characteristics and the fossil record, the rhinocerotids are classified with the tapirids in the suborder Ceratomorpha, whereas the horse and zebra belong to a separate suborder, Hippomorpha. On the basis of structural similarity of the PP molecules, however, it would appear that the tapir is more closely related to the horse than to the rhinoceros. These observations provide a further example of the need for extreme caution when inferring taxonomic or phylogenetic relationships between species from the structures of homologous peptides.

Zaustavljanje broda koji nije u vlasništvu osobe odgovorne za pomorsku tražbinu : [prikaz presude

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jasenko Marin

2002-12-01

Full Text Available Načelno, privremeno zaustavljen može biti samo brod čiji je vlasnik protivnik osiguranja, odnosno osoba odgovorna za pomorsku tražbinu čije se osiguranje traži. U skladu s tim nije dopušteno zaustavljanje broda u vlasništvu trgovačkog društva čiji je jedini član osoba odgovorna za pomorsku tražbinu.

Berg adder ( Bitis atropos ): An unusual case of acute poisoning ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

After various unsuccessful treatment options were followed, the Tygerberg Poison Information Centre was contacted and a diagnosis of berg adder bite was made. Berg adder bites are uncommon and therefore not usually considered in the differential diagnosis of a patient presenting with an unexplained clinical picture.

Oryctes virus--time for a new look at a useful biocontrol agent.

Science.gov (United States)

Jackson, Trevor A; Crawford, Allan M; Glare, Travis R

2005-05-01

The introduction of Oryctes virus into outbreak areas of the rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes rhinoceros (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), has been a major success for "classical" biocontrol with a virus and has led to a dramatic reduction in palm damage in many areas of the Asia/Pacific region. In recent years, however, there have been new reports of high levels of rhinoceros beetle damage to palms. Damage has been especially intense in SE Asia following the introduction of no-burn polices for land clearance and replanting, but outbreaks have also been reported from some Pacific Islands where control seems to have diminished over time. SE Asian studies show that there is considerable genetic variation among endemic Oryctes virus isolates and studies in new island release areas have shown rapid evolution of the virus. The consequences of such genetic variation are in need of further study. Furthermore, the taxonomic position of the virus is unclear, with its removal from the Baculoviridae to an "unassigned' virus, reflecting its novel characteristics. Genomic sequencing could help resolve the taxonomy of the virus and provide a basis for studying strain variation. Oryctes virus has achieved wide success in the past without the benefit of molecular analysis and identification techniques. In order to fully take advantage of this unique pathogen for protection of palms, a renewed, coordinated effort centered on genetic selection and distribution of effective strains is required.

Public health aspects of snakebite care in West Africa: perspectives from Nigeria

OpenAIRE

Habib, Abdulrazaq G

2013-01-01

Snakebite envenoming is a major public health problem among rural communities of the Nigerian savanna. The saw-scaled or carpet viper (Echis ocellatus) and, to a lesser extent, the African cobras (Naja spp.) and puff adders (Bitis arietans) have proved to be the most important cause of mortality and morbidity. The main clinical features of E. ocellatus envenoming are systemic hemorrhage, incoagulable blood, shock, local swelling, bleeding and, occasionally, necrosis. Bites may be complicated ...

POPs and stable isotopes in bird and forage fish tissues - Persistent organic pollutant levels in juvenile salmonids, forage fish and their avian predators from Puget Sound and the outer WA coast

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — This project is examining contaminant loads of fish prey species of a resident marine bird (Rhinoceros Auklet) breeding in inland waters (Puget Sound) and in the...

Research Article

African Journals Online (AJOL)

2016-09-01

Sep 1, 2016 ... for Rhinoceros/Grasshopper software is used as the main tool, given its ability to effectively calculate ... illuminating engineering, in architecture. ..... Renner, G. and A. Ekárt, Genetic algorithms in computer aided design.

South African red data book - large mammals

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Skinner, JD

1977-11-01

Full Text Available Data sheets are provided for 22 threatened South African large mammals, one exterminated (Liechtenstein1s hartebeest), eight endangered (cheetah, hunting dog, dugong, Cape mountain zebra, black rhinoceros, tsessebe, roan antelope, suni), one...

Farmakoekologija – okolišna sudbina lijekova

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Valerije Vrček

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Lijekovi koji se upotrebljavaju za preventivu ili terapiju završavaju u otpadnim vodama, rijekama, jezerima i morima, ali također u vodi za piće. U posljednjih je dvadesetak godina objavljeno na stotine analitičkih studija koje pokazuju prisutnost gotovo svih terapijskih skupina u okolišu. Koncentracije lijekova u okolišu su niske, ali to ne znači da rizik za ljude ili okoliš ne postoji, jer lijekovi su kemikalije dizajnirane da izazivaju biološke učinke upravo pri vrlo niskim dozama. Pojavnost svakog lijeka u okolišu izravno je povezana s intenzitetom njegove primjene. Stoga su psihoaktivni lijekovi, poput karbamazepina, najčešća farmaceutska zagađivala okoliša. Detekcija sve viših koncentracija lijekova u okolišu nije rezultat razvoja analitičke kemije i preciznosti instrumenata, već je posljedica porasta uporabe lijekova. Poseban problem lijekova u okolišu predstavljaju njihovi razgradni produkti ili metaboliti. Pod utjecajem svjetla ili prilikom kemijske obrade otpadnih voda mnogi se lijekovi transformiraju u nove strukture o kojima znanost vrlo malo zna. Neki metaboliti mogu biti toksičniji od ishodnih spojeva. Također, metaboliti mogu biti otporniji prema biorazgradnji, pa se dulje vremena zadržavaju u okolišu. Metaboliti se najčešće ne razmatraju prilikom službenih procjena okolišnog rizika lijekova. Konačne potvrde da lijekovi zaista dovode do ekoloških katastrofa nalaze se u objavljenim znanstvenim studijama koje prikazuju kolaps riblje populacije u Sjevernoj Americi, zbog djelovanja sintetskih estrogena ili nestanak ptica na indijskom potkontinentu uslijed veterinarske uporabe Voltarena. Budući da je ekološka cijena uporabe lijekova mjerljiva, rasprave o niskim ili (nedovoljnim dozama lijekova u okolišu zapravo su – zakašnjele. Lijekovi i njihovi razgradni produkti već djeluju na žive organizme, a pitanje je vremena kad će slični učinci biti uočeni i u ljudskoj populaciji.

PRIMERJAVA DVEH METOD ZA MERJENJE ZADOVOLJSTVA GOSTOV V HOTELIH

OpenAIRE

Osterc, Miša

2016-01-01

Zadovoljstvo gostov je ključni element za uspešen razvoj in dolgoročen obstoj kateregakoli hotelskega podjetja, zato mora biti njihovo doseganje tudi glavni cilj vsakega hotela. Pri tem je potrebno upoštevati, da zagotavljanje zadovoljstva gostov zahteva dobro poznavanje želja in pričakovanj vsakega gosta, zato je merjenje, analiziranje in spremljanje zadovoljstva eden najpomembnejših izzivov pri pripravi strategije poslovanja vsakega hotela. To velja tudi za Hotel Bioterme Mala Nedelja,...

COMPARATIVE ASPECTS OF PLANT-CELL WALL DIGESTION IN INSECTS

NARCIS (Netherlands)

PRINS, RA; KREULEN, DA

Although many phytophagous and wood-eating invertibrates form their own cellulases, there is an overwhelming variety of symbioses between plant- and wood-utilising insects and microorganisms. In one type of symbiosis (endosymbiosis), insects (rhinoceros beetle, cockroach, lower termites) host

9 CFR 93.807 - Other importations.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Elephants, Hippopotami, Rhinoceroses, and Tapirs § 93.807 Other importations. (a) Elephants, hippopotami, rhinoceroses, and tapirs are exempt from the regulations in this part... or bedding materials with any elephant, hippopotamus, rhinoceros, or tapir imported into Canada...

Histology of the venom gland of the puff-adder (Bitis arietans)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

state. No accessory venom gland was found to be associated with the main venom gland or duct in the same position as has been reported for other snakes. In the resting state the parenchyma of the venom gland was found to consist of tubules lined by a single layer of tall columnar secretory cells. After being stimulated to ...

ZAŠČITA IN VARNOST INFORMACIJSKEGA SISTEMA V HOTELU

OpenAIRE

Mavrin, Marko

2016-01-01

Razvoj informacijsko-komunikacijskih tehnologij (IKT) skozi zadnja leta v hotelskih podjetjih kaže na številne pridobitve in priložnosti za izboljšanje poslovanja ter pridobivanja konkurenčne prednosti. Vsaka noviteta s seboj prinese tudi nova varnostna tveganja in nevarnosti, na katere mora biti podjetje pripravljeno. Ker so za uspešno delovanje podjetja pomembni podatki, predvsem pa obdelava podatkov, je ključno, da ne pride do razkritja podatkov tretji osebi. Varovanje in zaščita podatkov ...

Ecological factors differentially affect mercury levels in two species of sympatric marine birds of the North Pacific

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hipfner, J.M.; Hobson, K.A.; Elliott, J.E.

2011-01-01

In 2003 and 2004, we measured mercury concentrations and δ 15 N and δ 13 C values in the whole blood of adults of two species of seabirds, Cassin's auklet (Ptychoramphus aleuticus) and rhinoceros auklet (Cerorhinca monocerata), during their prelaying, incubation, and provisioning periods. We also collected whole blood from the offspring of both seabirds. Among prey items, δ 15 N values were higher in fish than in crustaceans, while δ 13 C did not vary systematically between prey types. Mercury concentrations in prey showed little relationship with either stable isotope. In the zooplanktivorous Cassin's auklet, year, reproductive stage, and δ 15 N and δ 13 C stable isotope values explained only 14% of the variation in mercury concentrations in adult blood, and none of these variables had a statistically significant effect. In contrast, these same variables explained 41% of the variation in mercury levels in the more piscivorous rhinoceros auklet, and all but δ 15 N values had statistically significant effects. Mercury concentrations in adult rhinoceros auklets were higher in 2003 than in 2004; higher prior to laying than during the incubation or provisioning periods; and increased with δ 13 C values - but in just one of two years. In both species, mercury concentrations were substantially higher in adults than in nestlings. Our results accord with previous studies in showing that mercury concentrations can vary among years, species and age classes, while the marked variation with reproductive stage is noteworthy because it is so rarely considered. Our results may help to explain the disparate conclusions of previous studies: while many factors influence mercury concentrations in marine predators, they apparently do so in a manner that defies easy characterization. We believe that there is a need for more studies that consider a range of physiological, ecological and behavioral factors that might affect mercury burdens in marine predators. - Research

Keeping the horn on the rhino: a Study of Balule Nature Reserve

NARCIS (Netherlands)

E Reuter (Elisa); L.C.J. Bisschop (Lieselot)

2016-01-01

textabstractSince 2007, rhinoceros poaching in South Africa has been increasing, now averaging three rhinos per day. Protecting the remaining rhinos requires both a better understanding of the crime of rhino poaching and of anti-poaching strategies. Through a theoretical triangulation of routine

Environmental Impact Statement for Proposed Closure of Los Angeles Air Force Base, California and Relocation of Space Systems Division

Science.gov (United States)

1990-05-01

1. The slender- horned spine flower is a federally-listed endangered species. Because of the highly disturbed nature of the proposed sites, none of...deposit include deer, antelope, gazelle, horse, pig, camel, elephant, rhinoceros, hippopotamus, rabbit, beaver, mole, shrew, ground sloth, hedgehog

Transmission of Microsporidian Parasites of Mosquitoes.

Science.gov (United States)

1983-03-01

spiders, beetle larvae, and phantom midges. 2) Feeding spores to crayfish, dragonfly larvae, damselfly larvae, water scorpions, beetles , Anopheles...use of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect baculovirus in larvae and adults of Oryctes rhinoceros from Tonga J. Gen. Virol., 47

Keanekaragaman Jenis Rangkong dan Tumbuhan Pakannya di Harapan Rainforest Jambi (Species and Feed Diversity of Hornbill in the Harapan Rainforest, Jambi

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Very ANGGRIAWAN

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Hornbill has an important role in forest regeneration, but the limited variety andamount of food available to birds will eventually threaten the population of hornbills.Identification of feed plant and hornbil species diversity was conducted at the HarapanRainforest from March to April 2011. Hornbills plant feed samples were taken right after thebirds were eating. The results showed there are nine plant species of hornbills feed found in theHarapan Rainforest: Santiria apiculata, Elaeocarpus sphaericus, Sapium baccatum, Lithocarpusreinwardtii, Disoxylum excelsum, Ficus curtipes, Knema globularia, Knema furfuracea, andSantiria oblongifolia. Of these nine species, Ficus curtipes is the most preferred feed by thehornbills. Further research also notes that there are seven hornbill species inhabit the HarapanRainforest: crested hornbills (Aceros comatus, rhinoceros hornbills (Buceros rhinoceros, goldhornbill (Aceros undulatus, black kangkareng (Anthracaceros malayanus, black-crestedhornbill (Aceros corrugatus, khilingan hornbills (Anorrhinus galeritus and ivory hornbill(Rhinoplax vigil

Theater Ballistic Missile Targets Programmatic Environmental Assessment Vandenberg Air Force Base, California

Science.gov (United States)

1997-12-01

S UNK Lichnanthe albopilosa White sand dune scarab beetle – S UNK Myotis ciliolabrum Small-footed myotis – S UNK Myotis evotis Long-eared myotis...many seabirds, including western gull and rhinoceros auklet (Cerorhinca monocerata). Regionally rare and declining species observed in the area

Microstructure-mediated Optical Effects in Southern African Snakes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Singh Ishan

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The scales of the African Viper Bitis arietans were tested for optical effects. Spectral intensity was recorded at incident angles over the visible spectrum for dark, pale, and ventral scale regions. The lowest spectral intensity recordings were associated with scales which have the greatest level of micro-structuring. Our results indicate that scale appearance in B. arietans is a product of microstructure-mediated optical effects. The optical effect may play a role in improving the ecological performance of the snake in its natural environment.

Prednosti in slabosti preoblikovanja s.p. v d.o.o.

OpenAIRE

Tišma, Zoran

2016-01-01

Naloga lastnikov in vodilnih v podjetju je, da oblikuje bodočo predstavo o podjetju. Obstajati mora trajna želja po njegovi učinkovitosti, uspešnosti, poštenosti ter notranji in zunanji interes po trajnem obstoju in razvoju. Poslovanje je treba usmerjati, uravnavati in nadzirati, da lahko dosežemo zastavljene cilje, ki morajo biti skladni z vizijo in poslanstvom podjetja. Za uresničitev vizije, poslanstva in ciljev je treba sprejeti strateške odločitve, ki lahko pomembno vplivajo na poslo...

ULOGA DEBRIDMANA U LIJEČENJU KRONIČNIH RANA

OpenAIRE

HULJEV, DUBRAVKO; GAJIĆ, ALEKSANDAR; TRILLER, CIRIL; KECELJ LESKOVEC, NADA

2013-01-01

Debridement je proces uklanjanja mrtvog tkiva iz rane. Struktura, boja i neugodni mirisi devitaliziranog tkiva se razlikuju. osim toga, devitalizirano tkivo može biti suho ili sa secernacijom. Devitalizirano tkivo usporava ili u potpunosti onemogućuje zarastanje rane te je indicirano da ga se u okviru liječenja rana mora odstraniti. Cilj debridmana je pretvaranje kronične rane u stanje akutne rane i iniciranje procesa zaraštavanja. Debridement je osnovni postupak u liječenju svake rane, ali i...

PRODUKCIJA NIZKOPRORAČUNSKEGA VIDEOSPOTA

OpenAIRE

Serušnik, Matej

2011-01-01

Različna glasba izzove pri ljudeh različne emocije in vizualne predstave. Mnogi ljudje si ob isti glasbi predstavljajo drugačne slike, drugačne zgodbe. V diplomski nalogi obravnavamo proces produkcije nizkoproračunskega avdiovizualnega izdelka – videospota. Zanima nas, katero opremo uporabiti, da bi kljub nizkim stroškom izdelali kvaliteten in konkurenčen izdelek. Skozi raziskavo spoznamo, na katere dejavnike moramo biti pozorni skozi proces, da je naš projekt čim manj finančno in časovno obr...

Ranjivost obala otoka Raba zbog rasta razine mora

OpenAIRE

Ružić, Igor; Benac, Čedomir

2016-01-01

U ovom je radu opisana ranjivost obala otoka Raba koja može biti prouzročena prognoziranim porastom razine mora do kraja 21. stoljeća. Opisane su posljedice koju taj prirodni fenomen može prouzročiti. Analizirana su tri scenarija pojava visoke razine mora: kod stagnacije globalne morske razine te kod porasta za 30 i 60 cm. Analize su napravljene na topografskim kartama mjerila 1:5000. Ustanovljene su najugroženije urbanizirane obalne zone: uvala Sv. Eufemija, luka grada Raba, Supetarska Draga...

Primerjava in analiza prevodov jedilnih listov hotelskih restavracij

OpenAIRE

Orešković, Tea

2016-01-01

Prevajanje je disciplina, ki zahteva znanje, spretnost, iznajdljivost in potrpljenje. Je zahteven proces, ki je velikokrat predmet podcenjevanja, saj so ljudje prepričani, da je lahko vsak, ki neki jezik pozna, torej ga razume, govori in bere, tudi prevajalec. Vendar temu ni tako. Prevajalec mora biti vešč ne samo nekega jezika, ampak tudi kulture tega jezika. In kako boljše spoznati določeno kulturo kot s hrano? Hrana je namreč pomemben del opredeljevanja identitete, saj je neposreden od...

EFFECT OF INFESTATION OF Dermestes maculatus on the ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Olusola Fasunwon

2011-12-07

Dec 7, 2011 ... nutrition in Africa, Asia and Latin American. Some of the most important groups of the hundreds of insect species that have been used as human food include: Grasshoppers, Rhinoceros beetles, Caterpillars, Termites, Bees, Wasps, .... grams of Oryctes boas were introduced into each container, respectively.

Mobile Sensors Environmental Assessment

Science.gov (United States)

2005-09-26

rhinoceros auklet; red-winged blackbird; red-tailed hawk; great horned owl; and golden eagle have also been spotted. (U.S. Department of the Air Force...Coleoptera ( beetles ). (WILC Supplemental EA, 1999) The main predators on the island include feral cats and rats. Skinks and geckos (introduced

Horn's Biologically Active Substances - Can We Replace Horns of Critically Endangered Species (Saiga) by Horns of More Abundant Animals?

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Mikšík, Ivan; Romanov, O.

2017-01-01

Roč. 7, č. 1 (2017), s. 3-11 ISSN 2210-3155 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GA15-01948S Institutional support: RVO:67985823 Keywords : biologically active compounds * horn * rhinoceros * saiga * traditional Chinese medicine Subject RIV: CB - Analytical Chemistry, Separation OBOR OECD: Analytical chemistry

Two new species of Hepatozoon (Apicomplexa: Hepatozoidae) parasitising species of Philothamnus (Ophidia: Colubridae) from South Africa.

Science.gov (United States)

Cook, Courtney Antonia; Netherlands, Edward Charles; As, Johann van; Jacobus Smit, Nico

2018-04-03

To date, only a few species of Hepatozoon Miller, 1908 have been described from amphibians and reptiles of South Africa, including two species from anuran hosts, three from saurians, one from chelonians, and two from ophidians. Hepatozoon bitis (Fantham, 1925) and Hepatozoon refringens (Sambon et Seligmann, 1907), parasitising Bitis arientans (Merrem) and Pseudoaspis cana (Linnaeus), respectively, were described in the early 1900s and since then there have been no further species of Hepatozoon described from snakes in South Africa. Blood smears, used in peripheral blood haemogregarine stage morphometrics, and whole blood used in molecular characterisation of haemogregarines were collected from the caudal vein of six snakes of three species, namely Philothamnus hoplogaster (Günther), Philothamnus semivariegatus (Smith) and Philothamnus natalensis natalensis (Smith). For comparison, a comprehensive table summarising available information on species of Hepatozoon from African snakes is presented. Haemogregarines found infecting the snakes from the present study were morphologically and molecularly different from any previously described from Africa and are thus here described as Hepatozoon angeladaviesae sp. n. and Hepatozoon cecilhoarei sp. n. Both haemogregarine species were observed to cause considerable dehaemoglobinisation of the host cell, in case of infection with H. angeladaviesae resulting in a characteristic peripheral undulation of the host cell membrane and karyorrhexis. To the authors' knowledge, these are the first haemogregarines parasitising snakes of the genus Philothamnus Smith described using both morphological and molecular characteristics in Africa.

Translocations as experiments in the ecological resilience of an asocial mega-herbivore.

Science.gov (United States)

Linklater, Wayne L; Gedir, Jay V; Law, Peter R; Swaisgood, Ron R; Adcock, Keryn; du Preez, Pierre; Knight, Michael H; Kerley, Graham I H

2012-01-01

Species translocations are remarkable experiments in evolutionary ecology, and increasingly critical to biodiversity conservation. Elaborate socio-ecological hypotheses for translocation success, based on theoretical fitness relationships, are untested and lead to complex uncertainty rather than parsimonious solutions. We used an extraordinary 89 reintroduction and 102 restocking events releasing 682 black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) to 81 reserves in southern Africa (1981-2005) to test the influence of interacting socio-ecological and individual characters on post-release survival. We predicted that the socio-ecological context should feature more prominently after restocking than reintroduction because released rhinoceros interact with resident conspecifics. Instead, an interaction between release cohort size and habitat quality explained reintroduction success but only individuals' ages explained restocking outcomes. Achieving translocation success for many species may not be as complicated as theory suggests. Black rhino, and similarly asocial generalist herbivores without substantial predators, are likely to be resilient to ecological challenges and robust candidates for crisis management in a changing world.

Mechanisms of Wing Beat Sound in Flapping Wings of Beetles

Science.gov (United States)

Allen, John

2017-11-01

While the aerodynamic aspects of insect flight have received recent attention, the mechanisms of sound production by flapping wings is not well understood. Though the harmonic structure of wing beat frequency modulation has been reported with respect to biological implications, few studies have rigorously quantified it with respect directionality, phase coupling and vortex tip scattering. Moreover, the acoustic detection and classification of invasive species is both of practical as well scientific interest. In this study, the acoustics of the tethered flight of the Coconut Rhinoceros Beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros) is investigated with four element microphone array in conjunction with complementary optical sensors and high speed video. The different experimental methods for wing beat determination are compared in both the time and frequency domain. Flow visualization is used to examine the vortex and sound generation due to the torsional mode of the wing rotation. Results are compared with related experimental studies of the Oriental Flower Beetle. USDA, State of Hawaii.

NITRATI I NITRITI, METABOLIZAM I TOKSIČNOST

OpenAIRE

Nujić, Marija; Habuda-Stanić, Mirna

2017-01-01

Nitrati i nitriti su kemijski spojevi koji se koriste kao gnojivo, rodenticidi ili konzervansi. Mogu se naći u zraku, tlu, vodi ili hrani (posebice povrću) a mogu se i stvarati u ljudskom tijelu. Nitrati imaju važnu ulogu u hranjenju i metabolizmu biljaka. Nastaju oksidacijom organskog otpada djelovanjem dušičnih bakterija. Ljudi mogu biti izloženi nitratima i nitritima preko konzumacije povrća i mesnih prerađevina, a manjim dijelom preko vode ili ostale hrane. Pijenje vode sa već...

ZASNOVA IN OBLIKOVANJE PROGRAMA ZVESTOBE Z UPORABO MOBILNE APLIKACIJE

OpenAIRE

Gaube, Tomaž

2016-01-01

Klasični programi zvestobe so se razvili kot orodje za graditev dolgoročnih odnosov z uporabniki. Razcvet so doživeli konec 20. in v začetku tega stoletja, ko so podjetja spoznala, da so zvesti uporabniki, ki so pripravljeni tudi več kupovati, cenejši in bolj donosni od nagovarjanja, prepričevanja in pridobivanja novih. Programi zvestobe so postali kompleksni procesi, ki morajo biti strateško umeščeni v delovanje organizacij, predstavljajo pa tudi pomemben del njihovega premoženja. Danes se p...

IZVEDBA METODE SPREMLJANJA SKUPNE UČINKOVITOSTI OPREME V PROIZVODNEM PROCESU

OpenAIRE

Lubej, Sandi

2010-01-01

Z optimalnim izkoriščanjem delovne opreme je mogoče drage začetne naložbe za opremo prevesti v smiselne investicije, ki prinašajo dobiček, zato mora vsako podjetje posvečati temu vidiku poslovnega procesa veliko pozornosti, če želi biti konkurenčno. Tej problematiki je posvečeno tudi pričujoče diplomsko delo. Kratkemu uvodu, v katerem so opredeljeni problemi, namen in cilj ter omejitve diplomskega dela, sledi obravnava metode celovitega produktivnega vzdrževanja. Poseben poudarek je na me...

RAČUNOVODSKI VIDIK ODKRIVANJA LATENTNE KRIZE V PODJETJU

OpenAIRE

Tomazin, Saša

2010-01-01

Razmere na trgu se iz dneva v dan spreminjajo, zato morajo biti podjetja fleksibilna v smislu prilagajanja in pozitivnega koriščenja sprememb. Ravno iz teh vzrokov lahko trdimo, da so podjetja neprestano v stanju potencialne krize. Latentna kriza pa prestavlja korak naprej, saj se že kažejo krizni simptomi v družbi, vendar jih vodstvo ne zazna, jih zanika ali nima informacij. O prikriti krizi govorimo torej tudi v primeru, če management pozna krizno situacijo, vendar ne ukrepa, ker so težave ...

UPORABA INTERNETA ZA NEPOSREDNO PRODAJO

OpenAIRE

Tomec, Matej

2010-01-01

Namen diplomskega dela je preučiti internet, kot nov medij in njegovo vlogo pri prodaji. Da je internet kot medij nekaj posebnega in da nudi več priložnosti, kot nevarnosti, sem dokazal s primerjavo s tradicionalnimi mediji. Posebej sem še izpostavil slabosti in prednosti e-nakupovanja, ter s tem želel ugotoviti, na kaj morajo biti podjetja pozorna, da bodo pri prodaji preko interneta uspešna. Razlogi, zakaj večina slovenskih podjetij pri spletni prodaji ni uspešna v tolikšni meri, kot bi si ...

UTJELOVLJENJE I TEOLOGIJA RELIGIJA Kritički osvrt na neka novija tumačenja utjelovljenja

OpenAIRE

Bižaca, Nikola

2008-01-01

U aktualnim diskusijama teologije religija jedna od središnjih tema je shvaćanje utjelovljenja Božje Riječi. U uvodnim razmišljanjima autor posvješćuje važnost utjelovljenja unutar jedne teologije religija koja želi biti kršćanska te stoga uvažava objavljenu kristocentričnost Božjeg stvaralačko-spasenjskog projekta, ali i dijaloški realistična te je otvorena za Božje djelovanje na prostorima drugih religijskih tradicija. Slijedi potom prikaz nekih vidova poimanja utjelovl...

POVEZANOST MED USKLAJEVANJEM POKLICNEGA IN DRUŽINSKEGA ŽIVLJENJA TER ZADOVOLJSTVO ZAPOSLENIH

OpenAIRE

ROGELJ, MAJA

2017-01-01

Usklajevanje poklicnega in družinskega življenja je izziv, s katerim se spoprijemajo vsi zaposleni, predvsem tisti, ki imajo družino. Za uspešno usklajeno poklicno in družinsko življenje potrebuje posameznik poleg svoje družine tudi pomoč organizacije in države. Predvsem so organizacije tiste, ki bi se morale zavedati, kako pomembno je usklajenost poklicnega in družinskega življenja. Organizacije, ki želijo biti uspešne, se morajo posvetiti tudi dvigu ravni zadovoljstva zaposlenih na delovnem...

Zajednica bez uvjeta: o dekonstrukciji subjekta moderne politike

OpenAIRE

Paić, Žarko

2013-01-01

Članak se bavi mišljenjem političkoga kasnoga Derride. Temeljna je postavka da nakon kraja ideje suverenosti nacije-države valja izgraditi novo mišljenje. Ono više ne može biti izvedeno iz metafizičkoga sklopa unutar kojeg je politika od novoga vijeka bila tehnologija moći. Kraj subjekta moderne politike u globalizmu zahtijeva dekonstrukciju svih dotad vladajućih pojmova: države, društva, prava, morala. Mišljenje političkoga u razlici spram političke filozofije i teorije pol...

ZAZNAVANJE IN UPORABA BANČNIH STORITEV V SRBIJI

OpenAIRE

Novak, Klavdija

2016-01-01

Odjemalci in njihove navade se spreminjajo. Pričakovanja odjemalcev so vse višja, zahteve po enostavni uporabniški izkušnji postajajo splošno veljavne. Kakovost storitev in servisa pridobivata na pomenu. Podjetja morajo postati bolj hitra in agilna pri prilagajanju odjemalcem in trgu. Ko se podjetje usmerja na nove trge, mora pri tem upoštevati še posebnosti ciljnega trga in načrtovanje postane še bolj zahtevno. Globalizacija trga prinaša priložnosti za mnoga podjetja, ki morajo biti pred...

Alati za poboljšavanje kvalitete

OpenAIRE

Čelar, Dražen; Valečić, Vladimir; Željezić, Dubravko; Kondić, Živko

2014-01-01

Kvaliteta je postala svjetski pokret i način življenja. Uspjeh organizacije najviše zavisi o kvaliteti proizvoda ili usluga. Za to najveću odgovornost snosi uprava, ali pri tome svi zaposleni moraju participirati u ostvarivanju kvalitete. Kvaliteta jest i biti će ključ za poboljšanje konkurentnosti na tržištu. Kvaliteta je značajan faktor opstanka, poslovnog uspjeha i prosperiteta poduzeća. Ključni princip sistema kvaliteta je donošenje odluka na osnovu činjenica, do kojih se dolazi prikuplja...

Stavovi učitelja prema vrijednostima kao temeljnim sastavnicama nacionalnog okvirnog kurikuluma

OpenAIRE

Sablić, Marija; Blažević, Ines

2015-01-01

Nacionalni okvirni kurikulum temeljni je dokument koji na nacionalnoj razini donosi vrijednosti i opće ciljeve odgoja i obrazovanja. Odgojem i obrazovanjem izričemo kakvo društvo želimo biti i kakvog čovjeka želimo odgajati i obrazovati. Važno je stoga prepoznati zajedničke vrijednosti koje trebaju podupirati odgojno-obrazovno djelovanje. U tom se smislu od učitelja očekuje promišljanje o vrijednostima te djelovanje u skladu sa zajednički usuglašenim društveno-kulturnim i odgojno-obrazovnim v...

IMPLEMENTACIJA PORTEROVIH GENERIČKIH STRATEGIJA I POSTIZANJE KONKURENTSKIH PREDNOSTI NA PRIMJERU AUTOMOBILSKE INDUSTRIJE

OpenAIRE

Vrdoljak Raguž, Ivona; Tolušić, Marijan

2012-01-01

Predmet istraživanja ovog rada postizanje je konkuretske prednosti u automobilskoj industriji implementacijom Porterovih generičkih poslovnih strategija. Postizanje konkurentske prednosti nužno je ukoliko poduzeće želi dugoročno opstati na tržištu. Za odabir konkurentske strategije važan je relativni položaj poduzeća u industriji jer takvo pozicioniranje određuje hoće li profitabilnost poduzeća biti iznad ili ispod prosjeka industrije. Poduzeće u odnosu na konkurente primjenom Porterovih gene...

Poželjna obilježja sindikalnih vođa današnjice – percepcije različitih dionika o ulozi sindikalnih vođa u oživljavanju sindikata u Hrvatskoj

OpenAIRE

Pološki Vokić, Nina

2013-01-01

Značajno opadanje utjecaja sindikata u suvremenome društvu rasprostranjena je pojava u cijelome svijetu. Kao jedna od strategija oživljavanja sindikata navodi se razvoj sindikalnih čelnika odnosno kvalitetni sindikalni vođe. Naime, smatra se da u današnje turbulentno doba za sindikate, sindikalni čelnici trebaju biti sposobni napraviti zaokret – unijeti promjene u razmišljanje i djelovanje sindikata. U teorijskome dijelu rada opisuju se poželjna obilježja sindikalnih vođa današnjice – kako de...

Recepcijska zmožnost mladega bralca – razvijanje recepcijske zmožnosti zaznavanja, doživljanja in vrednotenja književne osebe

OpenAIRE

Jerčič Pšeničnik, Simona

2016-01-01

V zadnjem desetletju smo priča spreminjanju bralnih navad otrok in mladostnikov. Opazen je premik od tradicionalnega branja knjig za zabavo do novih bralnih priložnosti, ki jih ponujajo internet in drugi multimedijski sistemi. Računalniki in druge naprave, ki sočasno prikazujejo besedilo, slike, filme in zvoke, so že splošno rabljena orodja, ki lahko pomagajo pri razvijanju otrokovih bralnih zmožnosti. Vsekakor pa ima pri tem pomembno vlogo učitelj, ki bi moral biti usposobljen za pogovor o l...

VARNOST ELEKTRONSKEGA POSLOVANJA

OpenAIRE

Marovt, Tjaša

2016-01-01

Elektronsko poslovanje je del našega vsakdanjega življenja in je skoraj že izpodrinilo klasično poslovanje. Vse večja uporaba elektronskega poslovanja prinaša vedno več groženj in nevarnosti. Sem spadajo nezaželena e-pošta, ribarjenje, računalniški virusi, računalniški črvi, zlonamerne programske opreme in ostale nevarnosti. Uporabniki morajo biti seznanjeni z nevarnostjo in se pred njimi zaščititi z ustreznimi varnostnimi mehanizmi, kot so šifriranje podatkov, elektronski podpis, digitalno p...

Effects of management strategies on glucocorticoids and behavior in Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis): translocation and operant conditioning.

Science.gov (United States)

Capiro, Jonnie M; Stoops, Monica A; Freeman, Elizabeth W; Clawson, Dave; Schook, Mandi W

2014-01-01

The ex situ Indian rhino population experienced a decrease in genetic diversity indicating that the breeding program could possibly benefit from novel reproductive management strategies to ensure population sustainability. We sought to determine how management tools used for reproductive management, specifically translocation and operant conditioning, impact physiological and behavioral measures of welfare in Indian rhinos. First, an adrenocorticotropic hormone challenge performed in an adult male resulted in a 38-fold increase in urinary and a 3.5-fold increase in fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGM). Mean and peak FGM differed among three females, but all demonstrated elevated (P operant conditioning to stand during transrectal ultrasound exams were monitored and rhinos differed in their mean and peak FGM concentrations. However, FGM were not different before versus during training or on pasture versus in the barn. One female exhibited more stereotypic behavior during training in the barn than on pasture (P operant conditioning only resulted in minimal changes in behaviors and FGM. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals Inc.

The mammals of Kilimanjaro | Grimshaw | Journal of East African ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

One species, the black rhinoceros, is reported to have become extinct; another, the klipspringer, does not now occur in the area. Evidence for its alleged former presence and extinction is assessed. Red deer, introduced to Kilimanjaro during the German Colonial period, is now extinct on the Mountain. Other reported ...

Comparative dermatology: acquired digital fibrokeratoma

OpenAIRE

Cunha Filho, Roberto Rheingantz da

2008-01-01

Demonstra-se quadro característico de fibroqueratoma digital adquirido em trabalhadora rural de 42 anos de idade, que se compara a corno de rinoceronte.It is presented a case of a 42 year-old white female farmer with the classical feature of acquired digital fibrokeratoma, which is compared to rhinoceros horn.

Utjecaj ambalaže na području selektivne kozmetike i parfema

OpenAIRE

Ferenčak, Maja

2015-01-01

Završni rad bavi se izgledom ambalaže proizvoda selektivne kozmetike i skupocjenih parfema kroz identitet određenog branda, i njegovog krajnjeg korisnika-tržišta odnosno ciljane skupine. Dizajn ambalaže često ima presudan utjecaj na konačan izgleda proizvoda pogotovo u području o kojem pišem u završnom radu. Ambalaža selektivne kozmetike mora biti luksuzna i elegantna kako bi opravdala svoj naziv i pokazala ono što je izdvaja od takozvane „mass“ kozmetike. Ključna zadaća samog ...

Između progona i prešutne marginalizacije, ili iz povijesti stradanja Roma u nekim srednjoeuropskim državama za vrijeme Drugog svjetskog rata (Mađarska, Hrvatska, Čehoslovačka, Poljska)

OpenAIRE

Vojak, Danijel

2016-01-01

Većina europskih zemalja prije samog početka Drugoga svjetskog rata nije započela s nasilnijim pokušajima asimilacije, kakav je već bio u tijeku u nacističkoj Njemačkoj. Izbijanjem Drugoga svjetskog rata i širenjem nacističkog utjecaja na mnoge europske zemlje, bilo izravno kao okupirane, ili posredno kao države – saveznice, započeli su se provoditi neki dijelovi nacističkog anticiganističkog modela odnosa prema Romima. Analizom u ovom radu biti će obuhvaćen odnos srednjoeuropskih vlasti, pop...

Action plan during reactor shutdown in October 1965, Annex 5; Prilog br. 5 - Plan radova u toku stajanja reaktora u mesecu oktobru 1965. godine

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nikolic, M [Reaktor RA, Odelenje odrzavanja, Institute of Nuclear Sciences Boris Kidric, Vinca, Beograd (Serbia and Montenegro)

1965-12-15

The action plan of the division for reactor maintenance during reactor shutdown includes detailed list of tasks for mechanics, electronic and electrical equipment group during the reactor shutdown period in October 1965. It contains tasks for planned shutdown periods in September, August, July, May, April, March, and February 1965. [Serbo-Croat] Plan radova Odelenja odrzavanja reaktora RA za period stajanja reaktora u oktobru mesecu 1965. sadrzi detaljnu listu zadataka masinske grupe, elektro grupe i elektronske grupe. Ovaj prilog sadrzi i zadatke koji ce biti obavljeni tokom planiranih perioda kada je reaktor zaustavljen u septembru, avgustu, julu, junu, maju, aprilu, martu i februaru 1965.

Stohastički model prognoze potražnje rezervnih delova

OpenAIRE

Milojević S. Ivan; Guberinić V. Rade

2012-01-01

U ovom radu dat je stohastički model prognoze potražnje rezervnih delova. Model koji je dat izabran je po sledećim kriterijumima: da može biti primenjen, prema nameni prognoze potražnje rezervnih delova i da se ne nalazi u osnovnoj udžbeničkoj literaturi. Da bi se mogli izdvojiti, doraditi i razviti, novi modeli i metode prognoze potražnje rezervnih delova, nužno je sagledati sve ono što na neki način utiče na potražnju. Izdvojeni su uticajni faktori na potražnju rezervnih d...

Načrtovanje in optimizacija brezžičnega merilnega sistema z Wi-Fi modulom

OpenAIRE

RAŽMAN, ROK

2015-01-01

Namen tega dela je opisati načrtovanje in optimizacijo delovanja brezžičnega merilnega sistema, ki zajema mikrokrmnilnik, Wi-Fi modul in napajalno vezje, in je priključen na ciljni senzor. Umeščen bo v zelo omejen prostor in to predstavlja precejšno težavo z vidika načrtovanja. Vir napajanja je omrežna izmenična napetost, kar pomeni, da mora sistem vključevati majhen, a dovolj zmogljiv AC-DC pretvornik. Največji porabnik toka v sistemu je Wi-Fi modul. Vse omejitve morajo biti upoštevane in vs...

İŞGÖREN SEÇİM SÜRECİNDEKİ KRİTİK FAALİYETLERİN ANALİTİK HİYERARŞİ SÜRECİ İLE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nurcan TEMİZ

2015-10-01

Full Text Available ÖZ: Proje, zaman, kaynak ve para gibi kısıtları olan, belirli bir amacı başarmak için başlangıç ve bitiş sürelerine sahip ve öncelik ilişkileri olan bir takım faaliyetlerden oluşan bir süreçtir. İşgören seçimi her işletme için hayati bir öneme sahiptir. Bu süreç, işletmenin ihtiyaçlarına uygun işgücünü bulma ve işletmeye dahil etme faaliyetlerinden oluşan bir proje gibi düşünülebilir. Bu çalışmada bir fast food işletmesinin müdür adayı işe alım süreci incelenmiştir. İşgören seçim sürecinde işletme tarafından uygulanan faaliyetlerin öncelik ilişkileri kullanılarak proje planlama tekniklerinden Kritik Yol Yöntemi (CPM ile projenin şebekesi çizilmiş, tüm faaliyetler için en erken başlama, en erken bitiş, en geç başlama, en geç bitiş süreleri, toplam boşluklar ve serbest boşluklar hesaplanmış, kritik faaliyetler bulunmuştur. Daha sonra kritik faaliyetlerden bazılarının önceliklerini (göreli önemlerini bulmak için Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci (AHS kullanılmıştır. ABSTRACT: Project is a process, which has restrictions such as time, resource and money, consisting of a set of activities that have starting and finishing time and precedency relations in order to achieve a specific purpose. Personnel selection has a vital importance for every business. This process can be considered as a project that consists of activities such as finding correct labour force and incorporating them to the organization. In this study personnel selection process of fast food organization was examined. By using precedence relationships of activities, pursued by organization in the personnel selection process, network of project is drawn via Critical Path Method (CPM, which is one of the project planning techniques, earliest start and earliest finish times, latest start and latest finish times, total and free float of all activities were calculated and critical activities were found. Then

BIM Software Capability and Interoperability Analysis : An analytical approach toward structural usage of BIM software (S-BIM)

OpenAIRE

A. Taher, Ali

2016-01-01

This study focused on the structuralanalysis of BIM models. Different commercial software (Autodesk products and Rhinoceros)are presented through modelling and analysis of different structures with varying complexity,section properties, geometry, and material. Beside the commercial software, differentarchitectural and different tools for structural analysis are evaluated (dynamo, grasshopper,add-on tool, direct link, indirect link via IFC). BIM and Structural BIM (S-BIM)

Izokrat: Panegirik

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nataša Martina Pintarič

2018-02-01

Full Text Available Velikokrat sem se začudil nad tistimi, ki so prvi sklicali praznovanje in ustanovili športna tekmovanja, ker so imeli telesne uspehe za vredne nagrad, nobene časti pa niso dodelili tistim, ki so si zasebno prizadevali za skupno dobro in izurili svoj razum, tako da bi lahko koristili tudi drugim. [2] Tem bi bilo primerneje posvetiti pozornost. Če bi namreč atleti dobili dvakrat tolikšno moč, ne bi drugi pridobili ničesar, če pa bi postal razumen en mož, bi imeli korist od njegove preudarnosti vsi, ki­ bi je želeli biti deležni.

Kakovost v izobraževanju odraslih

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tanja Možina

2000-12-01

Full Text Available Zadnja desetletja znova in znova ponavljamo, da v sodobni, hitro spreminjajoči se družbi znanje ne more biti več le privilegij manjšine, ampak postaja vse bolj nujnost ter potreba za preživetje in normalno delovanje posameznika v družbeni skupnosti. Nova paradigma v izobraževanju, katere srž najdemo v potrebi po vseživljenjskem učenju, na področje izobraževanja odraslih vnaša nove razsežnosti in postavlja izobraževalce odraslih pred nove izzive ter odgovornosti.

Kristološki naglasci govora o Božjem milosrđu u promišljanjima izabranih crkvenih otaca

OpenAIRE

Filić, Andrea

2017-01-01

Polazišno pitanje ovoga članka, nadahnuto tvrdnjama Waltera Kaspera, glasi: Ako milosrđe po definiciji u sebi nužno uključuje trpljenje može li se, dok držimo sigurnim da je netrpljivost jedna od bitnih vlastitosti božanske naravi, o njemu uopće govoriti, kako Kasper potiče, kao o temeljnom Božjem svojstvu i odrednici Božje biti? To se pitanje i odgovor na nj obrađuje pod kristološkim vidom i to na temelju promišljanja izabranih crkvenih otaca u čijim djelima pronalazimo govor o Božjem milosr...

Stakleni strop. Granice u napredovanju žena na radnom mjestu

OpenAIRE

Jergovski, Antonija

2010-01-01

Koliko god društvo u kojem živimo bilo razvijeno i osviješteno, čini se da neki oblici diskriminacije još uvijek nisu iščezli te pogađaju različite skupine ljudi. Oblik diskriminacije o kojemu će biti riječi u ovom radu odnosi se na diskriminaciju koja se pojavljuje na radnom mjestu, a dotiče se isključivo žena. Radi se o obliku diskriminacije za koji se uvriježio naziv „glass ceiling“ („stakleni strop“), i kojim se pokušava oslikati situacija u kojoj se mnoge žene nađu tijekom svoje karijere...

Usmerjanje urbanega razvoja na mestni ravni

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mojca Šašek Divjak

1999-01-01

Full Text Available Kot je poudarjeno v predstavljenem načrtu Kopenhagna, mestni načrt ne more rešiti vseh planskih problemov mesta. Predstavljal naj bi predvideni red, ki pa se pogosto sproti podira glede na nepredvidena dogajanja v prostoru. Probleme je velikokrat treba reševati šele, ko se pokažejo. Zato mora biti mestni načrt zastavljen dovolj prilagodljivo in fleksibilno, da dovoljuje potrebne spremembe. Vendar mora kljub temu dati mestu trdne glavne usmeritve in s tem omogočiti, da meščani lahko izkoristijo priložnosti, ki jih nudi nova doba in uveljavljajo nove kvalitete bivanja.

Rewinding the process of mammalian extinction.

Science.gov (United States)

Saragusty, Joseph; Diecke, Sebastian; Drukker, Micha; Durrant, Barbara; Friedrich Ben-Nun, Inbar; Galli, Cesare; Göritz, Frank; Hayashi, Katsuhiko; Hermes, Robert; Holtze, Susanne; Johnson, Stacey; Lazzari, Giovanna; Loi, Pasqualino; Loring, Jeanne F; Okita, Keisuke; Renfree, Marilyn B; Seet, Steven; Voracek, Thomas; Stejskal, Jan; Ryder, Oliver A; Hildebrandt, Thomas B

2016-07-01

With only three living individuals left on this planet, the northern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum cottoni) could be considered doomed for extinction. It might still be possible, however, to rescue the (sub)species by combining novel stem cell and assisted reproductive technologies. To discuss the various practical options available to us, we convened a multidisciplinary meeting under the name "Conservation by Cellular Technologies." The outcome of this meeting and the proposed road map that, if successfully implemented, would ultimately lead to a self-sustaining population of an extremely endangered species are outlined here. The ideas discussed here, while centered on the northern white rhinoceros, are equally applicable, after proper adjustments, to other mammals on the brink of extinction. Through implementation of these ideas we hope to establish the foundation for reversal of some of the effects of what has been termed the sixth mass extinction event in the history of Earth, and the first anthropogenic one. Zoo Biol. 35:280-292, 2016. © 2016 The Authors. Zoo Biology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2016 The Authors. Zoo Biology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The Fat-Dachsous signaling pathway regulates growth of horns in Trypoxylus dichotomus, but does not affect horn allometry.

Science.gov (United States)

Hust, James; Lavine, Mark D; Worthington, Amy M; Zinna, Robert; Gotoh, Hiroki; Niimi, T; Lavine, Laura

Males of the Asian rhinoceros beetle, Trypoxylus dichotomus, possess exaggerated head and thoracic horns that scale dramatically out of proportion to body size. While studies of insulin signaling suggest that this pathway regulates nutrition-dependent growth including exaggerated horns, what regulates disproportionate growth has yet to be identified. The Fat signaling pathway is a potential candidate for regulating disproportionate growth of sexually-selected traits, a hypothesis we advanced in a previous paper (Gotoh et al., 2015). To investigate the role of Fat signaling in the growth and scaling of the sexually dimorphic, condition-dependent traits of the in the Asian rhinoceros beetle T. dichotomus, we used RNA interference to knock down expression of fat and its co-receptor dachsous. Knockdown of fat, and to a lesser degree dachsous, caused shortening and widening of appendages, including the head and thoracic horns. However, scaling of horns to body size was not affected. Our results show that Fat signaling regulates horn growth in T. dichotomus as it does in appendage growth in other insects. However, we provide evidence that Fat signaling does not mediate the disproportionate, positive allometric growth of horns in T. dichotomus. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Comparative analyses of tooth wear in free-ranging and captive wild equids.

Science.gov (United States)

Taylor, L A; Müller, D W H; Schwitzer, C; Kaiser, T M; Castell, J C; Clauss, M; Schulz-Kornas, E

2016-03-01

Captive breeding has played a crucial role in the conservation of threatened equid species. Grazing ruminants and rhinoceros in captivity have less abrasion-dominated tooth wear than their free-ranging conspecifics, with potential negative consequences for their health. However, a similar study on wild equids in captivity is missing. The aim was to establish if different tooth wear patterns are exhibited by free-ranging and captive equids. Cross-sectional study of museum specimens comparing free-ranging and captive equids. Dental casts of maxillary cheek teeth of 228 museum specimens (122 from free-ranging and 106 from captive individuals) of 7 wild equid species were analysed using the extended mesowear method. Although teeth showing specific abnormalities were not scored, the presence of focal overgrowths (hooks) of the rostral premolars (106, 206) was recorded. Captive Equus ferus przewalskii, E. grevyi, E. hemionus, E. quagga boehmi and E. zebra hartmannae have less abrasion-dominated tooth wear on their premolars than their free-ranging conspecifics (P<0.001). Fewer differences were exhibited between populations in the molars. No differences were exhibited in the distal cusp of the molars (110, 210) between populations, except in a small sample of E. kiang. Captive equids exhibited more homogeneous wear along the tooth row whereas free-ranging equids exhibited a tooth wear gradient, with more abrasion on premolars than molars. There were more rostral hooks on the premolars (106, 206) in the captive than the free-ranging population (P = 0.02). Captive equids did experience less abrasion-dominated tooth wear than their free-ranging conspecifics, but the differences in tooth wear were less pronounced than those between captive and free-ranging wild ruminant and rhinoceros species. This indicates that feeding regimes for captive equids deviate less from natural diets than those for captive ruminants and rhinoceros but that factors leading to hook

Microstructure, mechanical properties, castability and in vitro biocompatibility of Ti-Bi alloys developed for dental applications.

Science.gov (United States)

Qiu, K J; Liu, Y; Zhou, F Y; Wang, B L; Li, L; Zheng, Y F; Liu, Y H

2015-03-01

In this study, the microstructure, mechanical properties, castability, electrochemical behaviors, cytotoxicity and hemocompatibility of Ti-Bi alloys with pure Ti as control were systematically investigated to assess their potential applications in the dental field. The experimental results showed that, except for the Ti-20Bi alloy, the microstructure of all other Ti-Bi alloys exhibit single α-Ti phase, while Ti-20Bi alloy is consisted of mainly α-Ti phase and a small amount of BiTi2 and BiTi3 phases. The tensile strength, hardness and wear resistance of Ti-Bi alloys were demonstrated to be improved monotonically with the increase of Bi content. The castability test showed that Ti-2Bi alloy increased the castability of pure Ti by 11.7%. The studied Ti-Bi alloys showed better corrosion resistance than pure Ti in both AS (artificial saliva) and ASFL (AS containing 0.2% NaF and 0.3% lactic acid) solutions. The concentrations of both Ti ion and Bi ion released from Ti-Bi alloys are extremely low in AS, ASF (AS containing 0.2% NaF) and ASL (AS containing 0.3% lactic acid) solutions. However, in ASFL solution, a large number of Ti and Bi ions are released. In addition, Ti-Bi alloys produced no significant deleterious effect to L929 cells and MG63 cells, similar to pure Ti, indicating a good in vitro biocompatibility. Besides, both L929 and MG63 cells perform excellent cell adhesion ability on Ti-Bi alloys. The hemolysis test exhibited that Ti-Bi alloys have an ultra-low hemolysis percentage below 1% and are considered nonhemolytic. To sum up, the Ti-2Bi alloy exhibits the optimal comprehensive performance and has great potential for dental applications. Copyright © 2015 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Effect of Food, Diet and Nutrition on Military Readiness and Preparedness of Army Personnel and Dependents in a Peacetime Environment

Science.gov (United States)

1990-08-15

Analyzer, Volume 11, No.1, Coulter Electronics, Inc., 1989. 9. Schuster R. Determination of amino acids in biological, pharmaceutical, plant and food samples...spectroscopy. Atomic Absorption 1985; 6:56-59. 14. Pyrochemiluminescent nitrogen system: total urinary nitrogen procedure for in vitro diagnostic use. Antek... carnivore (leopard), an herbivore (rhinoceros), and an omnivore (man). The data from these studies suggest that urinary levels of CHP is higher in animals

Propagation and Purification of Baculovirus oryctes Huger

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Susamto Somowiyarjo

1995-12-01

Full Text Available An isolate of Baculovirus oryctes, a possible biological control agent for coconut beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros Huger from East Java was propagated and purified. The virus could be transmitted by feeding the imago with 10% sucrose containing virus from homogenate of infected beetles. Effectivity of virus to 9 healthy females by sexual copulation. Virus be succesfully purified by a method of Payne. Key words: Baculovirus oryctes, transmission, purification

UTJECAJ TRŽIŠNE ORIJENTACIJE HRVATSKIH PODUZEĆA NA INOVACIJE PROIZVODA I USLUGA

OpenAIRE

Miloloža, Helena

2016-01-01

Tržišna orijentacija pridonosi boljem razumijevanju tržišta i unaprjeđuje nastup poduzeća na tržištu. Kao složena marketinška koncepcija, ostvaruje bitan utjecaj na inovacijske procese u poduzeću. Međutim, rezultati dosadašnjih istraživanja korelacijskog odnosa između tržišne orijentacije i inovacija pokazali su da učinak tržišne orijentacije može biti i pozitivan i negativan. Stoga je cilj ovog rada analizirati tržišnu orijentaciju i inovativnost poduzeća te ispitati utjecaj tržišne orijenta...

Utjecaj ekologije na dizajn ambalaže

OpenAIRE

Brčić, Ira

2015-01-01

Otpad je sve veći problem zaštite okoliša u cijelom svijetu, pa tako i kod nas. Zaštita okoliša bi trebala biti sastavni dio načina života, a ne obveza stoga bi trebalo odgajati i educirati djecu već od rane dobi da je zaštita okoliša, uključujući otpad nešto o čemu moramo brinuti i voditi računa. Udio ambalažnog otpada neprestano raste i postao je jedan od štetnijih utjecaja na okoliš. Nedostatkom informiranja potrošača raste i gomilanje otpada. Za minimiziranje negativnog utjecaja na oko...

PROUČAVANJE RECEPCIJE I POVIJEST ČITANJA (Premda se pojavljuje u 2016., ovaj rad – zapravo pisana verzija izlaganja održanog sredinom 2015. – predstavlja kronološki raniji stadij obrade teme kojom se opsežnije i po mnogo čemu drugačije bavi IX. poglavlje u međuvremenu objavljenoj knjizi David Šporer: Uvod u povijest knjige. Temelji pristupa (Leykam international, Zagreb, 2015.)

OpenAIRE

Šporer, David

2016-01-01

Članak nudi usporedbu povijesti čitanja i dosadašnjih modela proučavanja recepcije u književnosti, osobito njemačke „estetike recepcije“. Dok se, naime, u domaćim književnoznanstvenim krugovima o njemačkoj „estetici recepcije“ dosta znalo već početkom 1970-ih, to se ne može reći za povijest čitanja koja privlači sve više pažnje posljednjih desetljeća. U radu su zbog toga naznačene određene teme i perspektive karakteristične za povijest čitanja, koje bi mogle biti korisne i u proučavanju knjiž...

An automated design and fabrication pipeline for improving the strength of 3D printed artifacts under tensile loading

Science.gov (United States)

Al, Can Mert; Yaman, Ulas

2018-05-01

In the scope of this study, an alternative automated method to the conventional design and fabrication pipeline of 3D printers is developed by using an integrated CAD/CAE/CAM approach. It increases the load carrying capacity of the parts by constructing heterogeneous infill structures. Traditional CAM software of Additive Manufacturing machinery starts with a design model in STL file format which only includes data about the outer boundary in the triangular mesh form. Depending on the given infill percentage, the algorithm running behind constructs the interior of the artifact by using homogeneous infill structures. As opposed to the current CAM software, the proposed method provides a way to construct heterogeneous infill structures with respect to the Von Misses stress field results obtained from a finite element analysis. Throughout the work, Rhinoceros3D is used for the design of the parts along with Grasshopper3D, an algorithmic design tool for Rhinoceros3D. In addition, finite element analyses are performed using Karamba3D, a plug-in for Grasshopper3D. According to the results of the tensile tests, the method offers an improvement of load carrying capacity about 50% compared to traditional slicing algorithms of 3D printing.

Browse diversity and iron loading in captive sumatran rhinoceroses (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis): a comparison of sanctuary and zoological populations.

Science.gov (United States)

Candra, Dedi; Radcliffe, Robin W; Andriansyah; Khan, Mohammad; Tsu, I-Hsien; Paglia, Donald E

2012-09-01

Iron storage disease (ISD) is now recognized as a serious clinical disorder acquired by two species of browsing rhinoceroses, the African black (Diceros bicornis) and the Asian Sumatran (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) rhinoceroses, when displaced from their natural habitats. The most complete knowledge of ISD comes from studies of the black rhinoceros, but the Asian species is also at risk. Sumatran rhinoceroses housed in traditional zoological settings outside of range countries have suffered significant morbidity and mortality potentially related to ISD induced by diet and/or other confinement conditions. With so few animals in captivity, very little information exists on iron loading in the Sumatran rhinoceros. To better characterize the problem, we retrospectively compared captive management conditions of Sumatran rhinoceroses housed under traditional zoological care with those in two native sanctuary environments. In general, zoo rhinoceroses are offered a paucity of plants and browse species compared with their sanctuary and wild counterparts managed in native rainforest habitats. Iron analyte levels and limited histopathologic observations in these populations suggest variable tendencies to overload iron, dependent upon differences in managed diet and individual food preferences. More detailed investigation of these markedly dissimilar ex situ populations is warranted to better understand the role of nutrition and other conditions affecting iron loading in browser rhinoceroses.

Endocrine control of exaggerated traits in rhinoceros beetles

Science.gov (United States)

Juvenile hormone (JH) is a key insect growth regulator involved in modulating phenotypically plastic traits in insects such as caste determination in eusocial species, wing polymorphisms in aphids, and mandible size in stag beetle. Male stag beetles have sexually-dimorphic, condition-dependent expre...

Sexual maturation in the Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis).

Science.gov (United States)

Roth, Terri L; Reinhart, Paul R; Romo, John S; Candra, Dedi; Suhaery, Andriansyah; Stoops, Monica A

2013-01-01

To help save the Sumatran rhino from extinction, the captive breeding program must capitalize on each rhino's reproductive lifespan. Doing so requires knowing when calves are sexually mature. The goal of this study was to monitor physiological changes associated with sexual maturation in two captive born calves (one male and one female) to determine the approximate age of maturity for both sexes of this species. Fecal testosterone metabolites were monitored in the male calf from 6 months to 7 years of age, and fecal pregnane metabolites were measured in the female calf from 6 months to 5.5 years of age. In addition, rectal ultrasonography was employed to monitor changes in ovarian activity from 2 to 5.5 years of age. The male calf's fecal testosterone concentrations reached levels comparable to those detected in samples from adult males when he was 6-6.5 years of age. The first pre-ovulatory sized follicle was observed on the ovaries of the female calf when she was 4.75 years old, but fecal pregnane metabolite concentrations only reached maximum mean concentrations and variability when she was 5-5.5 years of age. Results from this study indicate that male and female Sumatran rhino calves are sexually mature at 6-6.5 and 5-5.5 years of age, respectively. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Rewinding the process of mammalian extinction

OpenAIRE

Saragusty, J.; Diecke, S.; Drukker, M.; Durrant, B.; Friedrich Ben-Nun, I.; Galli, C.; Goeritz, F.; Hayashi, K.; Hermes, R.; Holtze, S.; Johnson, S.; Lazzari, G.; Loi, P.; Loring, J.F.; Okita, K.

2016-01-01

With only three living individuals left on this planet, the northern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum cottoni) could be considered doomed for extinction. It might still be possible, however, to rescue the (sub)species by combining novel stem cell and assisted reproductive technologies. To discuss the various practical options available to us, we convened a multidisciplinary meeting under the name "Conservation by Cellular Technologies." The outcome of this meeting and the proposed road m...

ARTEFAKTNI DERMATITIS – PSIHIJATRIJSKI UZROCI

OpenAIRE

VURNEK ŽIVKOVIĆ, MAJA; ŠITUM, MIRNA

2013-01-01

Artefaktni dermatitis relativno je česta psihodermatološka bolest kod koje bolesnik oštećuje vlastitu kožu. Promjene na koži mogu biti različitog izgleda i oblika, a vrlo često izgledaju poput atipične rane. Bolesnici uglavnom niječu oštećivanje kože, a direktno suočavanje bolesnika s dijagnozom dovodi do njegovog povlačenja i traženja pomoći kod drugog liječnika. Bolest se javlja u 0,2% do 0,5% dermatoloških bolesnika, a češća je u žena nego u muškaraca i to najviše u kasnoj adolescenciji i ...

Load Lugging Locomotion: Lessons from Indigenous People, Rhino Beetles, and Wallabies

Science.gov (United States)

2001-05-01

they consume metabolic energy at the same rate! Even hopping at a 4-minute mile pace, kangaroos are only at about a third of their aerobic capacity...carried for free. However, there is not a clear link between the mechanical work performed in walking and the metabolic cost. Rhinoceros beetles are...more cheaply. But kangaroos and wallabies can use internal springs to save energy during their hopping gait and to carry loads in their pouches. These

1981 Image II Conference Proceedings.

Science.gov (United States)

1981-11-01

Sulfide Photoconductor Light Valve (CdSLV), currently in production to support a growing line of graphic large screen display pro- ducts, resulted in...optics. 235 During the same time investigations have been made in order to grow larger crystals where the targets are cut. The DKDP crystals which allow...matches to their experience base. An individual who sees a rhinoceros for the first time may perceive it as a horse with a horn and call it a unicorn

The Serbian panagiarion from Vatopedi

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Miljković Bojan

2012-01-01

Full Text Available The panagiarion made out of rhinoceros horn from Vatopedi is one of the few vessels of that kind which originate from the Middle Ages. Its creation can be dated to the end of the 14th, or first half of the 15th century, at the time of very lively relations between this Athonite monastery and the Serbian despotate. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 177032: Tradicija, inovacija i identitet u vizantijskom svetu, registrovanom pod brojem

Generation of biomechanics three-dimensional image for development of projects of custom implants in titanium alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gregolin, Rafael Ferreira; Zavaglia, Cecilia Amelia de Camargo; Tokimatsu, Ruis Camargo; Joao Antonio Pereira

2014-01-01

Three-dimensional modeling is an indispensable tool in manufacturing biomodels. Only after the development of a 3D design can be produced, by rapid prototyping, CNC machining, identical models of the areas of the human body. To perform computational numerical analysis is essential the creation of three-dimensional models. To Custom prostheses the use of the image of the deployment region for the development of customized implant is extremely important because it assists in the process. Only with the 3D design of the deployment region is achieved by testing and improving the designer of the prosthesis with great perfection. In the study presented here was developed a three-dimensional modeling of the jaw of a patient by computed tomography (CT) of the skull of the same . The Invesalius software was used, from the files generated by CT, to create a 3D picture of the skull. This image was exported in STL format for Rhinoceros® software to be cleaned, smoothed and separate the region of interest. After working in Rhinoceros® the image was transformed into a NURBS solid and saved in IGES format. This extension (IGES) was chosen to export the image to the Ansys Workbench® software and thus perform a static structural finite element analysis by applying own forces and fixations of human anatomy. The greatest stress found in the mandible was 213.59 MPa. (author)

Generation of biomechanics three-dimensional image for development of projects of custom implants in titanium alloy; Geracao de imagem tridimensional biomecanica para desenvolvimento de projetos de implantes personalizados em liga de titanio

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gregolin, Rafael Ferreira, E-mail: rfgregolin@gmail.com [Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, MS (Brazil); Zavaglia, Cecilia Amelia de Camargo [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP (Brazil); Tokimatsu, Ruis Camargo; Joao Antonio Pereira [Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Ilha Solteira, SP (Brazil)

2014-07-01

Three-dimensional modeling is an indispensable tool in manufacturing biomodels. Only after the development of a 3D design can be produced, by rapid prototyping, CNC machining, identical models of the areas of the human body. To perform computational numerical analysis is essential the creation of three-dimensional models. To Custom prostheses the use of the image of the deployment region for the development of customized implant is extremely important because it assists in the process. Only with the 3D design of the deployment region is achieved by testing and improving the designer of the prosthesis with great perfection. In the study presented here was developed a three-dimensional modeling of the jaw of a patient by computed tomography (CT) of the skull of the same . The Invesalius software was used, from the files generated by CT, to create a 3D picture of the skull. This image was exported in STL format for Rhinoceros® software to be cleaned, smoothed and separate the region of interest. After working in Rhinoceros® the image was transformed into a NURBS solid and saved in IGES format. This extension (IGES) was chosen to export the image to the Ansys Workbench® software and thus perform a static structural finite element analysis by applying own forces and fixations of human anatomy. The greatest stress found in the mandible was 213.59 MPa. (author)

Timber Curtain

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

2015-01-01

Timber Curtain is a site specific architectural installation, which is part of a research project conducted at the Aarhus School of Architecture as collaboration between Ph.D. and associate professor Niels Martin Larsen and the author. Through a digitally scripted associative model we performed s...... of pinewood timber, machined with a CMS Antares 5-axis CNC router. The digital process generation and simulation was implemented with Rhinoceros 3D, Grasshopper and GHPython, and AlphaCAM was used for preparing the CNC-routing....

Ironija i satira u dramskim djelima Maxa Frischa: Mehanizmi suočavanja s izazovima 20. stoljeća

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Katarina Žeravica

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Irony and satire, two complex phenomena, find their respective places in the dramatic works of Max Frisch (1911–1991, a Swiss playwright and novelist and have gone through many changes gaining on different meanings, depending on the socio-cultural context, dominant literary and philosophical theories of a certain period of time in which they were analyzed and recognized as such. The aim of this paper is to show that Max Frisch, a 20th century intellectual who witnessed the major political, cultural and social changes of the second half of the 20th century in Europe and worldwide, uses irony and satire for coping with the reality and challenges of the time he lived in. Keywords: Max Frisch, dramatic work, irony, satire, 20th centuryNeutralna pozicija koju je Švicarska imala za vrijeme Drugoga svjetskog rata, a zbog koje je ostala pošteđena ratnih zbivanja te otvorenost klasičnim, ali i suvremenim europskim i svjetskim književnim te kazališnim utjecajima, stvorili su pozitivno ozračje za dobru, aktualnu i suvremenu švicarsku dramsku književnost na njemačkom jeziku nakon 1945. godine čiji predstavnik postaje jedan od najvećih švicarskih književnika, Max Frisch (1911–1991. U svojoj dugogodišnjoj književnoj karijeri Frisch je bio iznimno aktivan kao prozaist, napisavši pet romana, pet pripovijesti te četiri dnevnika, ali i kao dramatičar, ostavivši bogat dramski opus koji broji jedanaest dramskih ostvarenja napisanih između 1945. i 1978. godine. Upravo će Frischove drame biti predmetom ovoga rada, odnosno naglasak će biti na onima koje su se analizom pokazale najreprezentativnijima u cilju dokazivanja postojanja ironije i satire u istima kao mehanizmima suočavanja s izazovima koje je pred čovjeka-intelektualca stavilo 20. stoljeće, ali i kao sredstvima putem kojih Frisch progovara, kritizira i prokazuje besmisao jednog vremena kojemu je i sâm pripadao.

Territoriality: the example of the White Rhinoceros | Owen-Smith ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

African Zoology. Journal Home · ABOUT THIS JOURNAL · Advanced Search · Current Issue · Archives · Journal Home > Vol 7, No 1 (1972) >. Log in or Register to get access to full text downloads. Username, Password, Remember me, or Register · Download this PDF file. The PDF file you selected should load here if your ...

Edo Mihevc – urbanist, arhitekt in oblikovalec. Vrednotenje povojnega urbanizma slovenske obale

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Jasna Kralj Pavlovec

1999-01-01

Full Text Available Edo Mihevc (1911–1985 je bil eden protagonistov slovenske moderne arhitekture po drugi svetovni vojni in eden Plečnikovih študentov, ki se je ločil od njegove manire ter zakorakal na pot samoizraznosti in iskanja skladja med modernizmom, regionalizmom in humanistično filozofijo. Pomen njegovega prispevka slovenski arhitekturi in kulturi je predstavljen skozi perspektivo večrazsežnostne dejavnosti, s poudarkom na vlogi urbanista slovenske obale. Posamezni deli iz njegovega opusa so predstavljeni z vidika časa nastanka, uporabe in arhitekturne vrednosti, pomen in vloga zamisli ter trendov pa skozi dela. V luči sodobnih doktrin varovanja kulturne dediščine, pravočasna ocena in minimalno varstvo njegove arhitekture mora biti doseženo, tudi za mojstrovine iz bližnje preteklosti.

Trilobite spines and beetle horns: sexual selection in the Palaeozoic?

Science.gov (United States)

Knell, Robert J; Fortey, Richard A

2005-06-22

Raphiophorid trilobites commonly bore median cephalic protuberances such as spines or bulbs, showing a remarkable variety of form. It is unlikely that their primary function was for protection or in hydrodynamics. A case is made that they were secondary sexual features, by comparison with similar morphological structures developed on rhinoceros beetles and other arthropods. This interpretation is supported by four lines of evidence: their ontogeny, their diversity, the existence of plausible examples of sexual dimorphs in some cases and the fact that they show positive allometry.

Dietary variation and overlap in Central and Northwest European Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis and S. hemitoechus (Rhinocerotidae, Mammalia) influenced by habitat diversity. "You'll have to take pot luck!" (proverb)

Science.gov (United States)

van Asperen, Eline N.; Kahlke, Ralf-Dietrich

2015-01-01

To trace the dietary evolution of the two abundant Middle to Late Pleistocene rhinoceros species Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis and Stephanorhinus hemitoechus in Europe over several climatic cycles, we examined comprehensive material of stratigraphically well-defined palaeopopulations from different regions and interglacials. Using morphometrics and mesowear analysis, these reconstructions of Stephanorhinus diets indicate that habitat diversity and interspecific competition with closely related rhinoceros species induced variation in feeding behaviour. Although anatomical features of both species suggest significantly higher dietary specializations compared to the Early to early Middle Pleistocene Stephanorhinus hundsheimensis, their mesowear signals are characteristic of a mixed feeder diet, similar to that of extant mammal species in relatively open habitats. Both species retained a degree of dietary flexibility, enabling them to survive in a range of environments. Although each of these rhinoceroses preferred different habitats, species identity alone is not sufficient to establish the real dietary traits of a Stephanorhinus palaeopopulation. As a consequence, their occurrence in a faunal assemblage alone cannot be taken to indicate a specific habitat. S. kirchbergensis and S. hemitoechus were embedded in a dynamic process of temporo-spatial replacements and interspecific differentiation of rhinoceroses in the western Palaearctic. However, dietary specialization in these Middle to Late Pleistocene European rhinoceroses was not the result of a directed time-transgressive evolution. Rather, within the range of each species' ecological tolerance, it was controlled by environmental parameters, with habitat variability as the main factor.

Upajmo si biti starši. Praktično delovanje dveh sol za starše

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Andreja Jereb

2005-12-01

Full Text Available V prispevku predstavljam dva primera uspdne prakse sole za starSe. Prvi zasluzi pozornost, ker zajema vse potrebne vsebine za ozavdcanje starsev o kompleksnosti in konfliktnosti odnosov v druzini tako med zakoncema kot tudi med starsi in mladostniki. Program je pripravljen sistematicno, sreeanja so strukturirana in privlacna za starSe mladostnikov, ki marsikatero tezavo iz doma prepoznajo v stevilnih primerih iger vlog. Drugi, spanski primer, zasluzi pozornost predvsem zaradi aktivne vloge starsev pri pripravi na sreeanje, z leti vedno aktivnejSe vloge na srecanjih in v pogovorih v druZini, zaradi cesar je precej zahteven tako za voditelja kot za starSe, a sodee po izjavah starsev iskana in uspdna metoda dela s starsi.

Rehabilitation of a Female Patient after Corrective Surgery for Tetralogy of Fallot

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Cvetković Jovana

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Prikazana je bolesnica stara 25 godina sa tetralogijom Fallot. Ova urođena srčana mana nije tako česta, ali je najčešća među manama sa cijanozom. Lečenje bolesnica sa tetralogijom Fallot je hirurško i može biti palijativno i korektivno. Bolesnica koju smo prikazali imala je palijativnu operaciju, definitivnu korekciju i ponovnu operaciju zbog insuficijencije pulmonalne valvule. Tokom kardiovaskularne rehabilitacije bolesnica je bila ritmički stabilna uz odličnu toleranciju fizičkog napora. Imajući u vidu da se radi o mlađoj ženskoj osobi koja je tokom proteklih godina imala dva spontana abortusa, trudnoća nije apsolutno kontraindikovana, mada su spontani abortusi i komplikacije trudnoće češći kod ovih bolesnica.

Simulacioni model rešavanja taktičkih situacija i etičkih izazova u toku marševanja jedinice / Simulation model for solving tactical situations and ethical challenges during marching of military units

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Srećko Kuzmanović

2009-04-01

Full Text Available Simulacioni modeli imaju veliku perspektivu primene u osposobljavanju pojedinaca, jedinica i komandi Vojske Srbije tokom procesa školovanja i obuke. U članku je ponuđen jedan od mogućih oblika primene simulacionog modela u toku marševanja jedinice, u kojem se rešavaju taktičke situacije i etički izazovi, a koji može biti primenljiv u toku školovanja i obuke oficirskog kadra Vojske Srbije. / Simulation models can be widely applied in training individuals, units and commanding units of the Serbian Army during the process of military education and training. The simulation model offered in the paper can be applied during marching of military units in order to solve tactical situations and ethical challenges. It can be also used for military education and training of the officers of the Serbian Army.

Activity of male pheromone of Melanesian rhinoceros beetle Scapanes australis.

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Rochat, Didier; Morin, Jean-Paul; Kakul, Titus; Beaudoin-Ollivier, Laurence; Prior, Robert; Renou, Michel; Malosse, Isabelle; Stathers, Tanya; Embupa, Sebastian; Laup, Samson

2002-03-01

Laboratory and field investigations were carried out to investigate the nature and role of the male pheromone emitted by the Dynast beetle Scapanes australis and to develop a mass trapping technique against this major coconut pest in Papua New Guinea. We report the biological data obtained from natural and synthetic pheromone, previously described as an 84:12:4 (w/w) mixture of 2-butanol (1), 3-hydoxy-2-butanone (2), and 2,3-butanediol (3). EAG recordings from natural and synthetic pheromone and a pitfall olfactometer were poorly informative. In contrast, extensive field trapping trials with various synthetic pheromone mixtures and doses showed that 1 and 2 (formulated in polyethylene sachets in 90:5 v/v ratio) were necessary and sufficient for optimum long-range attraction. Beetles were captured in traps baited with racemic 1 plus 2, with or without a stereoisomer mixture of 3 (2.5- to 2500-mg/day doses). Plant pieces, either sugarcane or coconut, enhanced captures by the synthetic pheromone, which was active alone. Traps with the pheromone caught both sexes in a 3:2 female-male ratio. A pheromone-based mass trapping led to the capture of 2173 beetles in 14 traps surrounding 40 ha of a cocoa-coconut plantation. The captures followed a log-linear decrease during the 125-week trapping program. The role of the male pheromone and its potential for crop protection are discussed.

Feather corticosterone reveals developmental stress in seabirds.

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Will, Alexis P; Suzuki, Yuya; Elliott, Kyle H; Hatch, Scott A; Watanuki, Yutaka; Kitaysky, Alexander S

2014-07-01

In nest-bound avian offspring, food shortages typically trigger a release of the stress hormone corticosterone (CORT). Recent studies indicate that CORT is passively deposited in the tissue of growing feathers and thus may provide an integrated measure of stress incurred during development in the nest. The current hypothesis predicts that, assuming a constant rate of feather growth, elevated CORT circulating in the blood corresponds to higher levels of CORT in feather tissue, but experimental evidence for nutritionally stressed chicks is lacking. Here, we examined how food limitation affects feather CORT content in the rhinoceros auklet (Cerorhinca moncerata). We (i) used captive chicks reared on control versus restricted diets, and (ii) applied this technique to free-living chicks with unknown nutritional histories that fledged at three separate colonies. We found that (i) feather growth was not affected by experimentally induced nutritional stress; (ii) captive chicks raised on a restricted diet had higher levels of CORT in their primary feathers; (iii) feather CORT deposition is a sensitive method of detecting nutritional stress; and (iv) free-living fledglings from the colony with poor reproductive performance had higher CORT in their primary feathers. We conclude that feather CORT is a sensitive integrated measure revealing the temporal dynamics of food limitations experienced by rhinoceros auklet nestlings. The use of feather CORT may be a powerful endocrine tool in ecological and evolutionary studies of bird species with similar preferential allocation of limited resources to feather development. © 2014. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.

IMPORTANCE OF AGRO-ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT WITHIN THE TERTIARY SECTOR

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SLOBODAN POPOVIĆ

2015-12-01

Full Text Available The aim of this paper is to emphasize the importance of eco-agro-tourism within the tertiary sector economy countries, primarily in terms of the overall development of society as a whole. This question is particularly evident in terms of the Great Depression and every attempt to find out through improvement of business according to the author deserves attention. The authors make conclusions that agro significantly affects the rural areas in the states that are struggling to achieve development in all spheres of economy. In addition, the authors conclude that there is the impact of eco-agro-tourism and environmental and natural environment in which people live. The impact it has on the following levels such as: general, cultural, demographic, social, and economic, and others. Based on that clearly stands out as a multidisciplinary focus and the basis of observation of eco-agro-tourism. Race for financial gain often overlooked and natural environment in which BITIS people. Eco-agro-tourism includes a range of activities, services and additional facilities organized by the population mainly lives in the countryside or on family farms that have potential chances of developing structural attract tourists and generate income that are not standard. The authors conclude that organic agriculture can affect the development of the economy especially in rural areas, with it can to promote the concept of farm to be a new view to promote the development of approaches, such as: organic production, traditional crafts in order to increase the total supply, product sales to tourists that are manufactured on farm and more. Consequently, 159 Annals of the „Constantin Brâncuşi” University of Târgu Jiu, Economy Series, Issue 6/2015 „ACADEMICA BRÂNCUŞI” PUBLISHER, ISSN 2344 – 3685/ISSN-L 1844 - 7007 the authors' conclusion would be that the agro-tourism and eco-tourism have a chance to create a more substantial income people BITIS in the countryside

Woolly rhino discovery in the lower Kolyma River

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Boeskorov, Gennady G.; Lazarev, Peter A.; Sher, Andrei V.

2011-01-01

A nearly complete frozen mummy of a woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis Blum., 1799) was discovered in a gold mine on the lower reaches of the Kolyma River, north–eastern Siberia. This is the first find of the whole body of woolly rhino in permafrost. A large part of the mummified body was...... this individual was dated by AMS-radiocarbon method to 39,140 ± 390 years BP (OxA-18755). Spore and pollen analyses of the stomach contents indicate that grasses and sagebrushes formed the main part of the diet of C. antiquitatis in this region of Arctic Siberia....

Tremors in white rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum during etorphine–azaperone immobilisation

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Stephanie S. de Lange

2017-02-01

Full Text Available Little is known about the mechanisms causing tremors during immobilisation of rhinoceros and whether cardiorespiratory supportive interventions alter their intensity. Therefore, we set out to determine the possible mechanisms that lead to muscle tremors and ascertain whether cardiorespiratory supportive interventions affect tremor intensity. We studied tremors and physiological responses during etorphine–azaperone immobilisation in eight boma-held and 14 free-living white rhinoceroses. Repeated measures analysis of variance and a Friedman test were used to determine differences in variables over time and between interventions. Spearman and Pearson correlations were used to test for associations between variables. Tremor intensity measured objectively by activity loggers correlated well (p < 0.0001; r2 = 0.9 with visual observations. Tremor intensity was greatest when animals were severely hypoxaemic and acidaemic. Tremor intensity correlated strongly and negatively with partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2 (p = 0.0003; r2 = 0.9995 and potential of hydrogen (pH (p = 0.02, r2 = 0.97. It correlated strongly and positively with adrenaline concentrations (p = 0.003; r2 = 0.96, and adrenaline correlated strongly and negatively with PaO2 (p = 0.03; r2 = 0.95 and pH (p = 0.03; r2 = 0.94. Therefore, hypoxaemia and acidaemia were likely associated with the intensity of tremors through their activation of the release of tremorgenic levels of adrenaline. Tremors can be reduced if circulating adrenaline is reduced, and this can be achieved by the administration of butorphanol plus oxygen insufflation. Furthermore, to assist with reducing the risks associated with rhinoceros immobilisation, tremor intensity could be used as a clinical indicator of respiratory and metabolic compromise.

Sea Snake Harvest in the Gulf of Thailand

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Van Cao, Nguyen; Thien Tao, Nguyen; Moore, Amelia

2014-01-01

Abstract: Conservation of sea snakes is virtually nonexistent in Asia, and its role in human–snake interactions in terms of catch, trade, and snakebites as an occupational hazard is mostly unexplored. We collected data on sea snake landings from the Gulf of Thailand, a hotspot for sea snake harvest...... years), and the treatment of sea snake bites with rhinoceros horn. Emerging markets in Southeast Asia drive the harvest of venomous sea snakes in the Gulf of Thailand and sea snake bites present a potentially lethal occupational hazard. We call for implementation of monitoring programs to further...... address the conservation implications of this large-scale marine reptile exploitation....

Parametric modelling design applied to weft knitted surfaces and its effects in their physical properties

Science.gov (United States)

Oliveira, N. P.; Maciel, L.; Catarino, A. P.; Rocha, A. M.

2017-10-01

This work proposes the creation of models of surfaces using a parametric computer modelling software to obtain three-dimensional structures in weft knitted fabrics produced on single needle system machines. Digital prototyping, another feature of digital modelling software, was also explored in three-dimensional drawings generated using the Rhinoceros software. With this approach, different 3D structures were developed and produced. Physical characterization tests were then performed on the resulting 3D weft knitted structures to assess their ability to promote comfort. From the obtained results, it is apparent that the developed structures have potential for application in different market segments, such as clothing and interior textiles.

Human-Wildlife Conflicts in Nepal: Patterns of Human Fatalities and Injuries Caused by Large Mammals.

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Acharya, Krishna Prasad; Paudel, Prakash Kumar; Neupane, Prem Raj; Köhl, Michael

2016-01-01

Injury and death from wildlife attacks often result in people feeling violent resentment and hostility against the wildlife involved and, therefore, may undermine public support for conservation. Although Nepal, with rich biodiversity, is doing well in its conservation efforts, human-wildlife conflicts have been a major challenge in recent years. The lack of detailed information on the spatial and temporal patterns of human-wildlife conflicts at the national level impedes the development of effective conflict mitigation plans. We examined patterns of human injury and death caused by large mammals using data from attack events and their spatiotemporal dimensions collected from a national survey of data available in Nepal over five years (2010-2014). Data were analyzed using logistic regression and chi-square or Fisher's exact tests. The results show that Asiatic elephants and common leopards are most commonly involved in attacks on people in terms of attack frequency and fatalities. Although one-horned rhinoceros and bears had a higher frequency of attacks than Bengal tigers, tigers caused more fatalities than each of these two species. Attacks by elephants peaked in winter and most frequently occurred outside protected areas in human settlements. Leopard attacks occurred almost entirely outside protected areas, and a significantly greater number of attacks occurred in human settlements. Attacks by one-horned rhinoceros and tigers were higher in the winter, mainly in forests inside protected areas; similarly, attacks by bears occurred mostly within protected areas. We found that human settlements are increasingly becoming conflict hotspots, with burgeoning incidents involving elephants and leopards. We conclude that species-specific conservation strategies are urgently needed, particularly for leopards and elephants. The implications of our findings for minimizing conflicts and conserving these imperiled species are discussed.

Human-Wildlife Conflicts in Nepal: Patterns of Human Fatalities and Injuries Caused by Large Mammals

Science.gov (United States)

Acharya, Krishna Prasad; Paudel, Prakash Kumar; Neupane, Prem Raj; Köhl, Michael

2016-01-01

Injury and death from wildlife attacks often result in people feeling violent resentment and hostility against the wildlife involved and, therefore, may undermine public support for conservation. Although Nepal, with rich biodiversity, is doing well in its conservation efforts, human-wildlife conflicts have been a major challenge in recent years. The lack of detailed information on the spatial and temporal patterns of human-wildlife conflicts at the national level impedes the development of effective conflict mitigation plans. We examined patterns of human injury and death caused by large mammals using data from attack events and their spatiotemporal dimensions collected from a national survey of data available in Nepal over five years (2010–2014). Data were analyzed using logistic regression and chi-square or Fisher's exact tests. The results show that Asiatic elephants and common leopards are most commonly involved in attacks on people in terms of attack frequency and fatalities. Although one-horned rhinoceros and bears had a higher frequency of attacks than Bengal tigers, tigers caused more fatalities than each of these two species. Attacks by elephants peaked in winter and most frequently occurred outside protected areas in human settlements. Leopard attacks occurred almost entirely outside protected areas, and a significantly greater number of attacks occurred in human settlements. Attacks by one-horned rhinoceros and tigers were higher in the winter, mainly in forests inside protected areas; similarly, attacks by bears occurred mostly within protected areas. We found that human settlements are increasingly becoming conflict hotspots, with burgeoning incidents involving elephants and leopards. We conclude that species-specific conservation strategies are urgently needed, particularly for leopards and elephants. The implications of our findings for minimizing conflicts and conserving these imperiled species are discussed. PMID:27612174

Nudiviruses and other large, double-stranded circular DNA viruses of invertebrates: new insights on an old topic.

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Wang, Yongjie; Jehle, Johannes A

2009-07-01

Nudiviruses (NVs) are a highly diverse group of large, circular dsDNA viruses pathogenic for invertebrates. They have rod-shaped and enveloped nucleocapsids, replicate in the nucleus of infected host cells, and possess interesting biological and molecular properties. The unassigned viral genus Nudivirus has been proposed for classification of nudiviruses. Currently, the nudiviruses comprise five different viruses: the palm rhinoceros beetle virus (Oryctes rhinoceros NV, OrNV), the Hz-1 virus (Heliothis zea NV-1, HzNV-1), the cricket virus (Gryllus bimaculatus NV, GbNV), the corn earworm moth Hz-2 virus (HzNV-2), and the occluded shrimp Monodon Baculovirus reassigned as Penaeus monodon NV (PmNV). Thus far, the genomes of OrNV, GbNV, HzNV-1 and HzNV-2 have been completely sequenced. They vary between 97 and 230kbp in size and encode between 98 and 160 open reading frames (ORFs). All sequenced nudiviruses have 33 ORFs in common. Strikingly, 20 of them are homologous to baculovirus core genes involved in RNA transcription, DNA replication, virion structural components and other functions. Another nine conserved ORFs are likely associated with DNA replication, repair and recombination, and nucleotide metabolism; one is homologous to baculovirus iap-3 gene; two are nudivirus-specific ORFs of unknown function. Interestingly, one nudivirus ORF is similar to polh/gran gene, encoding occlusion body protein matrix and being conserved in Alpha- Beta- and Gammabaculoviruses. Members of nudiviruses are closely related and form a monophyletic group consisting of two sister clades of OrNV/GbNV and HzNVs/PmNV. It is proposed that nudiviruses and baculoviruses derived from a common ancestor and are evolutionarily related to other large DNA viruses such as the insect-specific salivary gland hypertrophy virus (SGHV) and the marine white spot syndrome virus (WSSV).

Rash caused by Oryctes nasicornis.

Science.gov (United States)

Veraldi, Stefano; Fanoni, Daniele; Nazzaro, Gianluca

2016-02-01

We report a case of rash caused by crushing of a male of Oryctes nasicornis (Linnaeus 1758) (Coleoptera, "http:// it. wikipedia. org/ wiki/ Scarabaeidae" \\o "Scarabaeidae" Scarabaeidae), popularly known as "European rhinoceros beetle", on the skin of an Italian tourist who developed the reaction during a trip to Turkey. The rash appeared one hour after the crushing of the insect on the skin. The patient was observed one day later, when she returned to Italy. To our knowledge, no similar cases have been reported in the literature. © International Society of Travel Medicine, 2016. All rights reserved. Published by Oxford University Press. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Interactions between phoretic mites and the Arabian rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes agamemnon arabicus.

Science.gov (United States)

Al-Deeb, Mohammad Ali; Muzaffar, Sabir Bin; Sharif, Eyas Mohammad

2012-01-01

Oryctes agamemnon arabicus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) is one of the main pests on date palm trees in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Two mite species were found associated with this beetle: Sancassania sp. (Acari: Astigmata: Acaridae) and Hypoaspis rhinocerotis Oudemans (Acari: Mesostigmata: Laelapidae). Sancassania deutonymphs (hypopi) were phoretic on O. a. arabicus adults and larvae. However, they were also necromenic, because once the host dies they feed on its carcass. The highest deutonymph load was found in the subelytral space of O. a. arabicus adult. The phoretic and necromenic interactions between Sancassania sp. and O. a. arabicus need to be investigated in more detail. H. rhinocerotis was recorded for the first time in UAE. Its role has not yet been studied in the date palm agricultural ecosystem.

The complementarity-determining region sequences in IgY antivenom hypervariable regions

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David Gitirana da Rocha

2017-08-01

Full Text Available The data presented in this article are related to the research article entitled "Development of IgY antibodies against anti-snake toxins endowed with highly lethal neutralizing activity" (da Rocha et al., 2017 [1]. Complementarity-determining region (CDR sequences are variable antibody (Ab sequences that respond with specificity, duration and strength to identify and bind to antigen (Ag epitopes. B lymphocytes isolated from hens immunized with Bitis arietans (Ba and anti-Crotalus durissus terrificus (Cdt venoms and expressing high specificity, affinity and toxicity neutralizing antibody titers were used as DNA sources. The VLF1, CDR1, CDR2, VLR1 and CDR3 sequences were validated by BLASTp, and values corresponding to IgY VL and VH anti-Ba or anti-Cdt venoms were identified, registered [Gallus gallus IgY Fv Light chain (GU815099/Gallus gallus IgY Fv Heavy chain (GU815098] and used for molecular modeling of IgY scFv anti-Ba. The resulting CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences were combined to construct the three - dimensional structure of the Ab paratope.

Kvalitet u funkciji maksimizacije borbene gotovosti / Quality in the function of combat readiness maximization

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Nenko Brkljač

2006-07-01

Full Text Available U sistemu opremanja Vojske sredstvima NVO sistemu menadžmenta kvalitetom mora biti podređena čitava organizacija, kao i opredeljenje najvišeg rukovodstva i zaposlenih. Neophodni preduslovi za uspostavljanje efikasnog (racionalnog sistema sadržani su u primeni suvremenih pristupa obezbeđenju kvaliteta, koji isključuju eklektički pristup pitanju "dokumentovanosti", koja je samo jedan u nizu velikog broja elemenata (složenih procesa za obezbeđenje kvaliteta, koje treba oživotvoriti da bi se kreirala, kao krajnji rezultat, maksimalna borbena gotovost. / In order to achieve top combat readiness, it is necessary that military system provision top management recognize need for quality management system establishment based on 'process approach'. Whole organization and orientation of top management and employee must be subjected to quality management system. For efficient (rational quality management system consolidation it is necessary to assure contemporary approach quality assurance, excluding eclectic approach to 'documentation'. 'Documentation' is only one condition among many difficult elements (process for quality assurance which is necessary to create top combat readiness, as a final result.

Report of the Technology Service - Annex B; Prilog B - Izvestaj o radu tehnoloske sluzbe

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Martinc, R; Cupac, S; Vukadin, Z; Stosic, T; Sotic, O [Institute of Nuclear Sciences Boris Kidric, Vinca, Beograd (Serbia and Montenegro)

1986-12-01

This report describes the organisational structure of the technology service and its activities and tasks: routine control of reactor parameters and cooperation with the reactor users; development of methodology of reactor control and its application; control of heavy water and gas system operation; dosimetry measurements of contamination in the reactor building; technical aspects of radiation protection; decontamination and accident analysis. Separate chapter describes building of the reactor experimental loop for irradiation of fuel elements and construction materials, which will be placed in the central experimental channel VK-5. [Serbo-Croat] Ovaj izvestaj opisuje organizacionu semu tehnoloske sluzbe i zadatke koje ona obavlja: rutinska kontrola reaktorsko-fizickih parametara reaktora i saradnja sa korisnicima reaktora, razvojni rad na metodologiji kontrole reaktora i njegovog koriscenja, kontrola rezima rada teskovodnog i gasnog sistema, dozimetrija i tehnicka zastita od zracenja u zgradi reaktora, dekontaminacija i akcidentalna analiza. Posebno poglavlje opisuje izgradnju eksperimentale petlje za ozracivanje gorivnih elemenata i konstrukcionih materijala koja ce biti postavljena u centralnom eksperimentalnom kanalu VK-5 reaktora RA, koja je projektovana kao slozena eksperimentalna instalacija.

U-Th/ESR combined dating of faunal remains from the Mousterian open site of Beauvais (France)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Michel, V.; Masaoudi, H.; Falgueres, Ch.; Yokoyama, Y.; Locht, J.L.; Antoine, P.

1999-01-01

Faunal remains from the Beauvais open site 'La Justice' (Oise) are the subject of an U-Th dating (disequilibrium of the uranium chain) and an ESR dating (electronic spin resonance). This study was performed in order to identify the chronological situation of the Middle Paleolithic levels of this site located in the north of France, supposedly aged stage 4 after stratigraphic correlations. U-Th ages of bones and dentine are between 20 and 200 ka and are scattered; however, the combined ESR/U-Th ages of rhinoceros dental enamels are homogeneous and indicate that the archaeological levels were deposited between 60 to 40 ka. This period corresponds to the end of the oxygen isotopic stage 4 to the beginning of stage 3. (authors) stage 3. (authors)

In situ characterization of the black pigment from parietal art of the Rouffignac Cave with a portable XRF system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sanoit, J. de; Chambellan, D.; Plassard, F.

2005-01-01

The Rouffignac cave in Dordogne (France) is a palaeolithic site which contains, among others, an important patrimony of cave art realized with black pigment (mammoths, bisons, woolly rhinoceros, horses, ibexes). Although no direct dating has ever been realized to date, the graphic works of this cave are generally connected to the Magdalenian age by cross-dating (stylistic comparison). For the first time, in situ non destructive analyses of this pigment were able to be made due to the use of a portable XRF system (X-Ray Fluorescence). The experimental set-up is mainly constituted with a small X-ray generator (Bullet TM 40 kV, Moxtek), a SDD detector (silicon drift detector, Rontec 1102) cooled by a Peltier cryostat and an optical system, the whole being connected to a portable system for acquisition of spectrometric data. The experimental spectra obtained on the three rhinoceros frieze, the horse over the flint nodule, the ten mammoths frieze and some animals of the Grand Plafond showed a systematic presence of manganese in all figures. This hypothesis had been already suggested by Graziosi in 1956 in the review 'La Nature' after a destructive analysis of a sample taken on one of the horses of the Grand Plafond. A Monte-Carlo simulation allowed a first quantitative approach in the analysis of the black pigment of the drawings. We can assess that the used manganese ore does not only result from a unique source because variable ratios of manganese, barium and iron were probed in the black pigment. None of the studied drawing was executed exclusively with black charcoal that would have made the selection of a sample suitable for radiocarbon dating less complicated. Additional non destructive in situ analysis using a portable PIXE set-up (Particles Induced X-ray Emission) equipped with a 210 Po as radiation source can be foreseen to allow the detection of elements with atomic numbers (Z) between 11 and 16 in the first layers of the black pigment, there where the XRF

Disentangling effects of growth and nutritional status on seabird stable isotope ratios

Science.gov (United States)

Sears, J.; Hatch, Shyla A.; O'Brien, D. M.

2009-01-01

A growing number of studies suggest that an individual's physiology affects its carbon and nitrogen stable isotope signatures, obscuring a signal often assumed to be only a reflection of diet and foraging location. We examined effects of growth and moderate food restriction on red blood cell (RBC) and feather ??15N and ??13C in rhinoceros auklet chicks (Cerorhinca monocerata), a piscivorous seabird. Chicks were reared in captivity and fed either control (75 g/day; n = 7) or ~40% restricted (40 g/day; n = 6) amounts of high quality forage fish. We quantified effects of growth on isotopic fractionation by comparing ??15N and ??13C in control chicks to those of captive, non-growing subadult auklets (n = 11) fed the same diet. To estimate natural levels of isotopic variation, we also collected blood from a random sample of free-living rhinoceros auklet adults and chicks in the Gulf of Alaska (n = 15 for each), as well as adult feather samples (n = 13). In the captive experiment, moderate food restriction caused significant depletion in ??15N of both RBCs and feathers in treatment chicks compared to control chicks. Growth also induced depletion in RBC ??15N, with chicks exhibiting lower ??15N when they were growing the fastest. As growth slowed, ??15N increased, resulting in an overall pattern of enrichment over the course of the nestling period. Combined effects of growth and restriction depleted ??15N in chick RBCs by 0.92???. We propose that increased nitrogen-use efficiency is responsible for 15N depletion in both growing and food-restricted chicks. ??15N values in RBCs of free-ranging auklets fell within a range of only 1.03???, while feather ??15N varied widely. Together, our captive and field results suggest that both growth and moderate food restriction can affect stable isotope ratios in an ecologically meaningful way in RBCs although not feathers due to greater natural variability in this tissue. ?? 2008 Springer-Verlag.

DETOMIDINE AND BUTORPHANOL FOR STANDING SEDATION IN A RANGE OF ZOO-KEPT UNGULATE SPECIES.

Science.gov (United States)

Bouts, Tim; Dodds, Joanne; Berry, Karla; Arif, Abdi; Taylor, Polly; Routh, Andrew; Gasthuys, Frank

2017-09-01

General anesthesia poses risks for larger zoo species, like cardiorespiratory depression, myopathy, and hyperthermia. In ruminants, ruminal bloat and regurgitation of rumen contents with potential aspiration pneumonia are added risks. Thus, the use of sedation to perform minor procedures is justified in zoo animals. A combination of detomidine and butorphanol has been routinely used in domestic animals. This drug combination, administered by remote intramuscular injection, can also be applied for standing sedation in a range of zoo animals, allowing a number of minor procedures. The combination was successfully administered in five species of nondomesticated equids (Przewalski horse [ Equus ferus przewalskii; n = 1], onager [ Equus hemionus onager; n = 4], kiang [ Equus kiang ; n = 3], Grevy's zebra [ Equus grevyi ; n = 4], and Somali wild ass [ Equus africanus somaliensis; n = 7]), with a mean dose range of 0.10-0.17 mg/kg detomidine and 0.07-0.13 mg/kg butorphanol; the white ( Ceratotherium simum simum; n = 12) and greater one-horned rhinoceros ( Rhinoceros unicornis ; n = 4), with a mean dose of 0.015 mg/kg of both detomidine and butorphanol; and Asiatic elephant bulls ( Elephas maximus ; n = 2), with a mean dose of 0.018 mg/kg of both detomidine and butorphanol. In addition, the combination was successfully used for standing sedation in six species of artiodactylids: giraffe ( Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata; n = 3), western bongo ( Tragelaphus eurycerus eurycerus; n = 2), wisent ( Bison bonasus ; n = 5), yak ( Bos grunniens ; n = 1), water buffalo ( Bubalus bubalis ; n = 4) and Bactrian camel ( Camelus bactrianus ; n = 5). The mean dose range for artiodactylid species except bongo was 0.04-0.06 mg/kg detomidine and 0.03-0.06 mg/kg butorphanol. The dose in bongo, 0.15-0.20 mg/kg detomidine and 0.13-0.15 mg/kg butorphanol, was considerably higher. Times to first effect, approach, and recovery after antidote were short. The use of detomidine and butorphanol has

Iron storage disease in tapirs.

Science.gov (United States)

Bonar, Christopher J; Trupkiewicz, John G; Toddes, Barbara; Lewandowski, Albert H

2006-03-01

Recent studies of serum iron and iron binding capacity have indicated that tapirs could be at risk of developing hemochromatosis. However, in recent surveys of pathologic findings in tapirs, hemochromatosis was not reported as a cause of death. This study reviews necropsy reports from three species of tapir (Baird's tapir [Tapirus bairdii], Malayan tapir [Tapirus indicus], and Brazilian tapir [Tapirus terrestris]) at the Philadelphia Zoological Garden between 1902 and 1994. Twelve cases of hemosiderosis, including fatal hemochromatosis in two Baird's tapirs, were found among 19 cases examined histologically. Hemochromatosis has previously been reported in the horse, rhinoceros, and in one Brazilian tapir. Dietary factors were investigated but could not be confirmed to have contributed to the incidence of hemosiderosis and hemochromatosis in the three species of tapir in the Philadelphia Zoological Garden collection.

A mechanism of extreme growth and reliable signaling in sexually selected ornaments and weapons.

Science.gov (United States)

Emlen, Douglas J; Warren, Ian A; Johns, Annika; Dworkin, Ian; Lavine, Laura Corley

2012-08-17

Many male animals wield ornaments or weapons of exaggerated proportions. We propose that increased cellular sensitivity to signaling through the insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathway may be responsible for the extreme growth of these structures. We document how rhinoceros beetle horns, a sexually selected weapon, are more sensitive to nutrition and more responsive to perturbation of the insulin/IGF pathway than other body structures. We then illustrate how enhanced sensitivity to insulin/IGF signaling in a growing ornament or weapon would cause heightened condition sensitivity and increased variability in expression among individuals--critical properties of reliable signals of male quality. The possibility that reliable signaling arises as a by-product of the growth mechanism may explain why trait exaggeration has evolved so many different times in the context of sexual selection.

Blood meal analysis of tabanid fly after it biting the rare Sumatran rhinoceros

OpenAIRE

Jeffrine Japning Rovie-Ryan; Zainal Zahari Zainuddin; Wahap Marni; Abdul Hamid Ahmad; Laurentius N. Ambu; Junaidi Payne

2013-01-01

Objective: To demonstrate a noninvasive large mammalian genetic sampling method using blood meal obtained from a tabanid fly. Methods: Blood meal was recovered from the abdomen of an engorged tabanid fly (Haematopota sp.) which was captured immediately after biting a Sumatran rhino in captivity. The blood was applied on to a Whatman FTA® blood card. Subsequent laboratory work was conducted to extract, amplify and sequence the DNA from the sample. Validation was done by sampling the hair fo...

Activity of the RA Reactor Physics group in 1980 - Definition of the Operation conditions for future safe and economical RA reactor operation with 80% enriched fuel; Prilog Ia - Rad sluzbe za fiziku reaktora RA u 1980. godini - Definisanje pogonskih uslova za dalji siguran i ekonomican rad reaktora RA sa 80% obogacenim gorivom

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Martinc, R [Institute of Nuclear Sciences Boris Kidric, Vinca, Beograd (Serbia and Montenegro)

1980-12-15

During 1980. the RA reactor was not in operation. That is why this period was devoted to definition of operating conditions for further reactor operation with 80% enriched fuel. The fuel elements which were in the core at the moment of shutdown in March 1979will not be used again (388 80% enriched fuel elements, and 511 2% enriched fuel elements). The reactor will be operated only with 80% enriched fuel, staring with initiat core configuration with 440 elements on the borders gradually changing to equi;librium core with 720 fuel elements. The analyses were concerned with safety issues of future operation. [Serbo-Croat] Reaktor RA tokom 1980 godine nije radio. Zbog toga je ovaj period iskoriscen za intenzivan rad na definisanju pogonskih uslova za dalji rad reaktora sa 80% obogacenim gorivom. Gorivo sa kojim je reaktor prestao da radi marta 1979. godine (388 gorivnih elemenata 80% obogacenoh i 511 elementa 2% obogaceno) nece biti vraceno u jezgro, vec ce reaktor raditi samo sa 80% obogacenim gorivom, pocev od konfiguracije sa 440 elemenata na periferiji do ravnotezne konfiguracije sa 720 elemenata. Sve nalize su se bavile sigurnosnim aspektima rada reaktora sa visokoobogacenim gorivom u jezgru.

Zaštita računarskih mreža Ministarstva odbrane i Vojske Srbije primenom virtuelnog honeyneta / Security of computer network of the Ministry of Defence and the Serbian Armed Forces using virtual honeynets

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zoran Bobar

2009-07-01

Full Text Available U ovom radu obrađena je zaštita računarskih mreža u Ministarstvu odbrane i Vojsci Srbije primenom virtuelnog honeyneta. Zaštita je obrađena sa aspekta arhitekture računarskih mreža koje imaju pristup internetu. Predloženi koncept primene virtuelnog honeyneta uzima u obzir dostignuća nauke u ovoj oblasti u svetu, ostale primenjene metode i tehnike zaštite, mogućnosti i potrebe korisnika i elemente delova računarskog sistema Ministarstva odbrane i Vojske koji bi mogli biti meta napada sa udaljenih mesta globalne (internet mreže. / This paper covers the proposed solution for security of computer network in the Ministry of Defence and the Serbian Armed Forces using virtual honeynets. The security is covered from the aspect of the architecture of computer networks with Internet access. The proposed usage of virtual honeynets for protection takes into account the accomplishments of science in this field as well as security methods and techniques, users' needs and opportunities along with the computer network components of the MoD and the SAF that can be targets for attack.

O povezljivosti elementov različnih načinov učenja, metod in znanja

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dušana Findeisen

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Avtorica uvodoma predstavi, kako različni teoretiki izobraževanja odraslih obravnavajo metode, nato pa proučuje vrednost in povezljivost posameznih elementov »učenja s poskusi in napakami« in »nedirektivnega učenja«. Tako kot so metode eklektične, razmišlja avtorica, so lahko eklektični tudi načini učenja. Avtorica ilustrira svojo hipotetično trditev z analizo »antimetode« francoskega režiserja Mauricea Pialata in jo kontrastira z metodo/metodami, kjer je zakoličen cilj in je zakoličena pot, kjer gre za vnaprej postavljen, v zaporedne sekvence urejen proces, kakršnega najpogosteje srečujemo pri snemanju filma po scenariju, režiranju gledališke predstave, v izobraževanju odraslih. Avtorica opozori na to, da je tudi učenje veščin (kako nekaj naredimo povezano z učenjem o tem, »kako biti«, in nazadnje tudi, da metoda ne more služiti vsiljevanju znanja in resnice, saj se tako rušijo okoliščine, ki omogočajo pridobivanje ali ustvarjanje znanja.

The Sarmatian vertebrates from Draxeni (Moldavian Platform

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vlad Codrea

2007-10-01

Full Text Available Middle Miocene (Sarmatian vertebrates had been unearthed at Draxeni (Vaslui district. The site is located in the northern area of the Moldavian Platform. There, the sand belonging to Şcheia Formation (Bessarabian is mined in a restricted open pit. This sand is related to a littoral environment (shoreface and foreshore. Some of its levels are rich in mollusc debris. Vertebrate remains, carried into the Bessarabian brackish basin are present too, but in smaller amounts. Mastodon, rhinoceros, hipparionine, tortoise remains had been collected there over several years. All teeth and bones are isolated and bear the marks of intensive rolling by waves and currents. This assemblage is typical for the top of Bessarabian in Moldavia, i.e. soon after the first hipparionine invasion in this part of the Europe. This assemblage can be related to the base of MN 9 unit.

Investigations of astrophysically interesting nuclear reactions by the use of gas target techniques

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hammer, J W [Inst. fuer Strahlenphysik, Univ. Stuttgart, Stuttgart (Germany)

1998-06-01

A brief review of the common properties of windowless and recirculating gas targets is presented. As example the Stuttgart gas target facility Rhinoceros in the extended and in the supersonic jet mode with its properties and techniques is explained, also with respect to gas purification techniques. Furthermore several typical experiments from the field of nuclear astrophysics with characteristic results are described (D({alpha},{gamma}){sup 6}Li, {sup 15}N({alpha},{gamma}){sup 19}F, {sup 16}O(p,{gamma}){sup 17}F, {sup 16}O({alpha},{gamma}){sup 20}Ne, {sup 20}Ne({alpha},{gamma}){sup 24}Mg, {sup 21}Ne({alpha},n){sup 24}Mg, {sup 18}O({alpha},n){sup 21}Ne, {sup 17}O({alpha},n){sup 20}Ne). In several cases the experimental sensitivity could be raised by up to a factor of 10{sup 6}. (orig.)

Design of parametric software tools

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sabra, Jakob Borrits; Mullins, Michael

2011-01-01

The studies investigate the field of evidence-based design used in architectural design practice and propose a method using 2D/3D CAD applications to: 1) enhance integration of evidence-based design knowledge in architectural design phases with a focus on lighting and interior design and 2) assess...... fulfilment of evidence-based design criterion regarding light distribution and location in relation to patient safety in architectural health care design proposals. The study uses 2D/3D CAD modelling software Rhinoceros 3D with plug-in Grasshopper to create parametric tool prototypes to exemplify...... the operations and functions of the design method. To evaluate the prototype potentials, surveys with architectural and healthcare design companies are conducted. Evaluation is done by the administration of questionnaires being part of the development of the tools. The results show that architects, designers...

Structural adaptations to diverse fighting styles in sexually selected weapons.

Science.gov (United States)

McCullough, Erin L; Tobalske, Bret W; Emlen, Douglas J

2014-10-07

The shapes of sexually selected weapons differ widely among species, but the drivers of this diversity remain poorly understood. Existing explanations suggest weapon shapes reflect structural adaptations to different fighting styles, yet explicit tests of this hypothesis are lacking. We constructed finite element models of the horns of different rhinoceros beetle species to test whether functional specializations for increased performance under species-specific fighting styles could have contributed to the diversification of weapon form. We find that horns are both stronger and stiffer in response to species-typical fighting loads and that they perform more poorly under atypical fighting loads, which suggests weapons are structurally adapted to meet the functional demands of fighting. Our research establishes a critical link between weapon form and function, revealing one way male-male competition can drive the diversification of animal weapons.

Extinctions, genetic erosion and conservation options for the black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis)

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Moodley, Yoshan; Russo, Isa-Rita M.; Dalton, Desiré L.

2017-01-01

populations in countries such as Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, Mozambique, Malawi and Angola no longer exist. We found that the historic range of the West African subspecies (D. b. longipes), declared extinct in 2011, extends into southern Kenya, where a handful of individuals survive...

タイワンカブトムシ　Oryctes rhinoceros LINNAEUS　（鞘翅目：コガネムシ科）　の生態学的研究　第1報　琉球列島における分布及び侵入経路について

OpenAIRE

大城, 安弘; 奥島, 澄子; Oshiro, Yasuhiro; Okushima, Sumiko; 沖縄開発庁沖縄総合事務局農林水産部; 沖縄女子短期大学生物学研究室

1980-01-01

タイワンカブトムシOryctes rhinoceros L.の琉球列島における分布及び侵入経路について調査した結果，次のことが判明した．　1．本種は与那国島，小浜島，波照間島，石垣島，多良間島，沖縄島及び南大東島に分布していることが確認された．　2．以前から棲息すると言われていた西表島，宮古島及び北大東島においては，棲息及び被害調査の結果，本種の棲息は確認できなかった．これらの島には分布しないものと思われる．　3．本邦において最初に記録された石垣島をはじめとする各島の標本は形態が酷似し区別し難いことから，侵入源は同一であろうと推測できる．また，南大東島産の本種は翅脈において先島地方や沖縄島産のものとは異なるため，侵入経路は以上の場合とは異なるか，または古くから棲息していたものと推察された．　4．沖縄島における棲息地域は糸満市を中心とした南部地域と，沖縄市のT植物園を中心とした地域に分けられ，前者は与那国島から，後者は台湾又はフィリッピン等からそれぞれ侵入したものと推測された．　5．本種は飛しょう等自力によるよりも，寄主植物であるヤシ類に付着して移動侵入していると考えられるため，こ...

Relevant principal factors affecting the reproducibility of insect primary culture.

Science.gov (United States)

Ogata, Norichika; Iwabuchi, Kikuo

2017-06-01

The primary culture of insect cells often suffers from problems with poor reproducibility in the quality of the final cell preparations. The cellular composition of the explants (cell number and cell types), surgical methods (surgical duration and surgical isolation), and physiological and genetic differences between donors may be critical factors affecting the reproducibility of culture. However, little is known about where biological variation (interindividual differences between donors) ends and technical variation (variance in replication of culture conditions) begins. In this study, we cultured larval fat bodies from the Japanese rhinoceros beetle, Allomyrina dichotoma, and evaluated, using linear mixed models, the effect of interindividual variation between donors on the reproducibility of the culture. We also performed transcriptome analysis of the hemocyte-like cells mainly seen in the cultures using RNA sequencing and ultrastructural analyses of hemocytes using a transmission electron microscope, revealing that the cultured cells have many characteristics of insect hemocytes.

Modalna raba slovanskega bimƄ, bychƄ, bēchƄ

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alenka Šivic

1971-12-01

Full Text Available V cerkveni slovanščini so pogojnost izražali opisno s posebno pogojniško spregatvijo (l. edn. bim, 2., 3. edn. bi, l. mn. bim, 2. mn. biste, 3. mn. bQ; dvojina ni ohranjena + deležnik na -lb. Nanjo je že zelo zgodaj začel vplivati aorist (npr.: 2. mn. biste namesto *bite pod vplivom 2. mn. sigm. aorista byste, 1. mn. bichomb, 3. mn. biše pod vplivom 1. mn. oz. 3. mn. aorista bychomb, byše, kasneje pa jo je v spomenikih popolnoma zamenjal. Razlika med aoristom, rabljenim v časovni in pogojni funkciji je bila le v 2., 3. edn., saj se v časovni funkciji rabi bystb, v pogojniški pa vedno by (van Wijk, Istor. staroslavj. j., 1957, str. 308. Prav zaradi tega je Vatillant. Gramm. comp. III, 1966, str. 95 d., menil, da ima bych'b itd. v pogojniški funkciji le aoristov vid, v resnici pa ni aorist. Stang, Das slav. und balt. Verbum, 1942, str. 238, pa domneva, da bi by utegnil biti le analogna tvorba po pogojniku bi, ne pa stari korenski aorist *bhūs, *bhūt.

NMR structure of bitistatin – a missing piece in the evolutionary pathway of snake venom disintegrins.

Science.gov (United States)

Carbajo, Rodrigo J; Sanz, Libia; Perez, Alicia; Calvete, Juan J

2015-01-01

Extant disintegrins, as found in the venoms of Viperidae and Crotalidae snakes (vipers and rattlesnakes, represent a family of polypeptides that block the function of β1 and β3 integrin receptors, both potently and with a high degree of selectivity. This toxin family owes its origin to the neofunctionalization of the extracellular region of an ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease) molecule recruited into the snake venom gland proteome in the Jurassic. The evolutionary structural diversification of the disintegrin scaffold, from the ancestral long disintegrins to the more recently evolved medium-sized, dimeric and short disintegrins, involved the stepwise loss of pairs of class-specific disulfide linkages and the processing of the N-terminal region. NMR and crystal structures of medium-sized, dimeric and short disintegrins have been solved. However, the structure of a long disintegrin remained unknown. The present study reports the NMR solution structures of two disulfide bond conformers of the long disintegrin bitistatin from the African puff adder Bitis arietans. The findings provide insight into how a structural domain of the extracellular region of an ADAM molecule, recruited into and selectively expressed in the snake venom gland proteome as a PIII metalloprotease in the Jurassic, has subsequently been tranformed into a family of integrin receptor antagonists. © 2014 FEBS.

Assessment of a portable lactate meter for field use in the white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum).

Science.gov (United States)

Cole, Georgina C; Tordiffe, Adrian S W; Steenkamp, Gerhard

2017-11-10

Blood lactate is a predictor of mortality in critically ill humans and animals. Handheld lactate meters have the potential to be used in the field to evaluate the condition of severely injured rhinoceroses but have not been compared with laboratory-based methods. Agreement between a handheld lactate meter and a laboratory method was assessed, as was the stability of rhino blood lactate in the anticoagulant sodium fluoride/potassium oxalate (fluoride/oxalate). Blood samples were obtained from 53 white rhinos that had been immobilised for management reasons. Lactate was measured by means of a handheld meter using whole blood in heparin (WBHEP), whole blood in fluoride/oxalate (WBFO) and fluoride/oxalate plasma (PFO). Results were recorded in both blood (BL) and plasma (PL) modes and compared to an established laboratory method for measuring plasma lactate. To assess the stability of lactate over time, blood lactate in fluoride/oxalate was measured on the handheld meter at intervals for up to 91 h. Agreement was best using WBFO in PL mode, with small bias (-0.16), tight 95% limits of agreement (LOA) (-1.46, 1.14) and a Pc (95% CI) of 0.97 (0.92, 0.99). The agreement was improved for all sample types when using the PL mode compared to the blood lactate (BL) mode. Blood lactate was stable in fluoride/oxalate for 91 h, with a mean change from baseline of 0.15 (-0.178, 0.478) mmol/L (mean, 95% CI). The handheld meter was found to be suitable for field use in white rhinos but provided more reliable results with the device in PL mode. Furthermore, rhino blood lactate was found to be stable in fluoride/oxalate for as long as 3 days.

Eavesdropping on coconut rhinoceros beetles, red palm weevils, Asian longhorned beetles, and other invasive travelers

Science.gov (United States)

As global trade increases, invasive insects inflict increasing economic damage to agriculture and urban landscapes in the United States yearly, despite a sophisticated array of interception methods and quarantine programs designed to exclude their entry. Insects that are hidden inside soil, wood, or...

Steppic environments at the end of the upper pleistocene in southern Tunisia (Oued el Akarit)

Science.gov (United States)

Brun, Annik; Guerin, Claude; Levy, Alain; Riser, Jean; Rognon, Pierre

The cross section of the Oued el Akarit, 25 km North of Gabès, is of considerable importance for the paleoenvironmental reconstitution of South Tunisia at the end of the Upper Pleistocene. Grey or black silts and clays and greenish gray sands which overlap them, contain many paleontological remains: rodents, birds and Rhinoceros bones, Gasteropods, Foraminifera, Ostracoda and pollen. All these sedimentological, faunistic or botanical indications allow to consider that this area, between approximatively 35,000 and 22,000 yr. B.P., belonged to the steppe domaine. But this steppe was probably more dense and more diversified than the present-day steppe which receives 170 mm of rain (annual average). This conclusion is in good agreement with the other paleoenvironmental data from the Chott Djerid, the Matmata plateau or the Gulf of Gabès cores, areas situated at about 100 km to the West, the South or the East of the Oued el Akarit.

Plastic ingestion in marine-associated bird species from the eastern North Pacific.

Science.gov (United States)

Avery-Gomm, S; Provencher, J F; Morgan, K H; Bertram, D F

2013-07-15

In addition to monitoring trends in plastic pollution, multi-species surveys are needed to fully understand the pervasiveness of plastic ingestion. We examined the stomach contents of 20 bird species collected from the coastal waters of the eastern North Pacific, a region known to have high levels of plastic pollution. We observed no evidence of plastic ingestion in Rhinoceros Auklet, Marbled Murrelet, Ancient Murrelet or Pigeon Guillemot, and low levels in Common Murre (2.7% incidence rate). Small sample sizes limit our ability to draw conclusions about population level trends for the remaining fifteen species, though evidence of plastic ingestion was found in Glaucous-Winged Gull and Sooty Shearwater. Documenting levels of plastic ingestion in a wide array of species is necessary to gain a comprehensive understanding about the impacts of plastic pollution. We propose that those working with bird carcasses follow standard protocols to assess the levels of plastic ingestion whenever possible. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Perissodactyla diet

Science.gov (United States)

Schoenecker, Kathryn A.

2018-01-01

Perissodactyla (Schoch 1989) includes tapirs, rhinoceros, wild asses, horses, and zebras. It is the order of hoofed mammals referred to as “odd-toed ungulates” because its members have one to three weight-bearing toes and walk on hoofs or “ungules.” They are herbivores that are specialized to exploit grasslands and brushy habitat (rhinos, horses, asses, zebras) or dense tropical forests (tapirs). All share a common digestive system called hindgut fermentation, or cecal digestion (in the cecum), and can consume relatively tough, coarse forage. Some perissodactyls are “browsers” that forage primarily on woody shrubs and trees, whereas others are “grazers” with a graminoid-dominated diet. They are all predominantly opportunistic feeders and select for quantity over quality of forage; that is, they consume more abundant low-quality forage instead of searching and selecting for higher-quality forage because it gives them the advantage of reducing search effort, which conserves energy.

Characterization of viral proteins of Oryctes baculovirus and comparison between two geographical isolates.

Science.gov (United States)

Mohan, K S; Gopinathan, K P

1989-01-01

Bacilliform Oryctes baculovirus particles have been visualized in electron micrographs of midgut sections from virus infected Oryctes rhinoceros beetles. Morphologically the Indian isolate (Oryctes baculovirus, KI) resembled the previously reported Oryctes baculovirus, isolate PV505. The constituent proteins of baculovirus KI have been analysed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and by Western blots using polyclonal antibodies raised against the complete viral particles, as probes. A total of forty eight viral proteins have been identified. Fourteen viral proteins were located on the viral envelope. Among the proteins constituting the nucleocapsid, three were located internally within the capsid. A 23.5 kDa protein was tightly associated with viral DNA in the nucleocapsid core. Two envelope and seven capsid proteins of KI and PV505 revealed differences in SDS-PAGE profiles and glycosylation patterns. Immunoblotting of KI and PV505 proteins with anti KI antiserum demonstrated antigenic differences between the two viral isolates.

"Kar se Janezek nauči…", je premalo

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Maca Jogan

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Vprašanje družbene neenakosti žensk in moških je v drugi polovici 20. stoletja postalo svetovni problem, ki so se ga resno lotile pomembne mednarodne organizacije (OZN in državne skupnosti (EU ter posamezne države. Zagotavljanje enakih možnosti za oba spola na vseh področjih in na vseh ravneh življenja je postalo ena prednostnih nalog EU, kajti v sodobnih družbah še obstajajo različne oblike (odkrite in zlasti prikrite diskriminacije po spolu. Avtorica v prvem delu razkriva ključne značilnosti moškosrediščnega tradicionalnega družbenega reda v zahodni civilizaciji ter predstavlja glavne značilnosti in nosilce zagotavljanja enakih možnosti žensk in moških od globalne do evropske ravni. Pomembno vlogo pri odpravljanju diskriminacije imata formalno in neformalno izobraževanje. Ker pa morajo biti tudi izobraževalci in nosilci novih vzorcev odnosov med spoloma izobraženi, je pomembno vseživljenjsko izobraževanje odraslih, zlasti tistih, ki zasedajo ključne položaje odločanja na vseh področjih življenja. Zato avtorica v drugem delu prispevka predstavlja nekatere pristope in prakse takšnega izobraževanja v drugih državah članicah EU ter v Sloveniji.

Public health aspects of snakebite care in West Africa: perspectives from Nigeria.

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Habib, Abdulrazaq G

2013-10-17

Snakebite envenoming is a major public health problem among rural communities of the Nigerian savanna. The saw-scaled or carpet viper (Echis ocellatus) and, to a lesser extent, the African cobras (Naja spp.) and puff adders (Bitis arietans) have proved to be the most important cause of mortality and morbidity. The main clinical features of E. ocellatus envenoming are systemic hemorrhage, incoagulable blood, shock, local swelling, bleeding and, occasionally, necrosis. Bites may be complicated by amputation, blindness, disability, disfigurement, mutilation, tissue destruction and psychological consequences. Antivenom remains the hallmark and mainstay of envenoming management while studies in Nigeria confirm its protection of over 80% against mortality from carpet-viper bites. However, the availability, distribution and utilization of antivenom remain challenging although two new antivenoms (monospecific EchiTab G and trispecific EchiTab ICP-Plus) derived from Nigerian snake venoms have proven very effective and safe in clinical trials. A hub-and-spoke strategy is suggested for broadening antivenom access to endemic rural areas together with instituting quality assurance, standardization and manpower training. With the advent of antivenomics, national health authorities must be aided in selecting and purchasing antivenoms appropriate to their national needs while manufacturers should be helped in practical ways to improve the safety, efficacy and potential coverage against snake venoms and pricing of their products.

The rhinoceros among Serpents: Comparative anatomy and experimental biophysics of Calabar burrowing python (Calabaria reinhardtii) skin.

Science.gov (United States)

Han, Dawei; Young, Bruce A

2018-01-01

The Calabar burrowing python (Calabaria reinhardtii) has a unique combination of marked thickness of the integumentary layers, a highly organized lamellate arrangement of the dermal collagen bundles, and a reduction in the size of the interscale hinge region of the integument. Biomechanical testing demonstrates that the skin of C. reinhardtii is more resistant to penetration than the skin of other snakes. The laminar arrangement of the collagen bundles provides for penetrative resistance, even while maintaining the flexibility characteristic of snake skin. Considering the life history of this species, it is hypothesized that the specialized integument of C. reinhardtii is a passive defensive mechanism against penetrative bites from maternal rodents and predators. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

PARAMETRIC MODELING, CREATIVITY, AND DESIGN: TWO EXPERIENCES WITH ARCHITECTURE’ STUDENTS

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Wilson Florio

2012-02-01

Full Text Available The aim of this article is to reflect on the use of the parametric modeling in two didactic experiences. The first experiment involved resources of the Paracloud program and its relation with the Rhinoceros program, that resulted in the production of physical models produced with the aid of the laser cutting. In the second experiment, the students had produced algorithms in the Grasshopper, resulting in families of structures and coverings. The study objects are both the physical models and digital algorithms resultants from this experimentation. For the analysis and synthesis of the results, we adopted four important assumptions: 1. the value of attitudes and environment of work; 2. the importance of experimentation and improvisation; 3. understanding of the design process as a situated act and as a ill-defined problem; 4. the inclusion of creative and critical thought in the disciplines. The results allow us to affirm that the parametric modeling stimulates creativity, therefore allowing combination of different parameters, that result in unexpected discoveries. Keywords: Teach-Learning, Parametric Modeling, Laser Cutter, Grasshopper, Design Process, Creativity.

Further characteristics of Arcanobacterium pinnipediorum DSM 28752T and Arcanobacterium wilhelmae DSM 102162T, two novel species of genus Arcanobacterium.

Science.gov (United States)

Sammra, Osama; Rau, Jörg; Wickhorst, Jörn; Alssahen, Mazen; Hassan, Abdulwahed Ahmed; Lämmler, Christoph; Prenger-Berninghoff, Ellen; Abdulmawjood, Amir

2018-05-13

The newly described type strains Arcanobacterium pinnipediorum DSM 28752 T and Arcanobacterium wilhelmae DSM 102162 T , initially isolated from an anal swab of a harbor seal (Sammra et al. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 65:4539-4543, 2015) and the genital tract of a rhinoceros (Sammra et al. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 67:2093-2097, 2017), could be further characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and by sequencing the genomic targets 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region (ISR) and the genes rpoB, gap, and tuf. The two strains investigated in the present study were isolated together with several other bacterial species indicating that the pathogenic importance of both species remained unclear. However, the detection of specific spectra by MALDI-TOF MS and by FT-IR spectroscopy and the presented genotypic approaches might help to identify A. pinnipediorum and A. wilhelmae in the future and might elucidate the role these two species play in infections of animals.

Pulmonary gas exchange and acid–base status during immobilisation of black rhinoceroses (Diceros bicornis in Zimbabwe

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Åsa Fahlman

2016-12-01

Full Text Available When immobilising wildlife, adverse side effects can include hypoxaemia, acidosis and hypertension. Pulmonary gas exchange and acid–base status were evaluated during immobilisation of 25 free-ranging and one boma-held black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis in Zimbabwe. The effect of different body positions on arterial oxygenation was evaluated. A combination of the following drugs was used: an opioid (etorphine or thiafentanil, azaperone and an a2 -adrenoceptor agonist (detomidine or xylazine. Respiratory and heart rates, rectal temperature and pulse oximetry–derived haemoglobin oxygen saturation were recorded. Serial arterial blood samples were analysed immediately in the field. Marked hypoxaemia and hypercapnia were recorded in immobilised free-ranging black rhinoceroses. Arterial oxygenation was higher during sternal compared to lateral recumbency. Most rhinoceroses developed acidaemia of respiratory and metabolic origin. Initially high lactate concentrations in free-ranging rhinoceroses decreased during immobilisation. Pulse oximetry was unreliable in the detection of hypoxaemia. Positioning in sternal recumbency and routine use of oxygen supplementation are recommended in the management of immobilised rhinoceroses as measures to improve arterial oxygenation.

Complex furrows in a 2D epithelial sheet code the 3D structure of a beetle horn.

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Matsuda, Keisuke; Gotoh, Hiroki; Tajika, Yuki; Sushida, Takamichi; Aonuma, Hitoshi; Niimi, Teruyuki; Akiyama, Masakazu; Inoue, Yasuhiro; Kondo, Shigeru

2017-10-24

The external organs of holometabolous insects are generated through two consecutive processes: the development of imaginal primordia and their subsequent transformation into the adult structures. During the latter process, many different phenomena at the cellular level (e.g. cell shape changes, cell migration, folding and unfolding of epithelial sheets) contribute to the drastic changes observed in size and shape. Because of this complexity, the logic behind the formation of the 3D structure of adult external organs remains largely unknown. In this report, we investigated the metamorphosis of the horn in the Japanese rhinoceros beetle Trypoxylus dichotomus. The horn primordia is essentially a 2D epithelial cell sheet with dense furrows. We experimentally unfolded these furrows using three different methods and found that the furrow pattern solely determines the 3D horn structure, indicating that horn formation in beetles occurs by two distinct processes: formation of the furrows and subsequently unfolding them. We postulate that this developmental simplicity offers an inherent advantage to understanding the principles that guide 3D morphogenesis in insects.

Deceptive vibratory communication: pupae of a beetle exploit the freeze response of larvae to protect themselves.

Science.gov (United States)

Kojima, Wataru; Ishikawa, Yukio; Takanashi, Takuma

2012-10-23

It is argued that animal signals may have evolved so as to manipulate the response of receivers in a way that increases the fitness of the signallers. In deceptive communication, receivers incur costs by responding to false signals. Recently, we reported that pupae of the soil-inhabiting Japanese rhinoceros beetle Trypoxylus dichotoma produce vibratory signals to deter burrowing larvae, thereby protecting themselves. In the present study, monitoring of vibrations associated with larval movement revealed that T. dichotoma larvae remained motionless for ca 10 min when pupal vibratory signals were played back transiently (freeze response). Furthermore, pupal signals of T. dichotoma elicited a freeze response in three other scarabaeid species, whose pupae do not produce vibratory signals. This indicates that the freeze response to certain types of vibration evolved before the divergence of these species and has been evolutionarily conserved, presumably because of the fitness advantage in avoiding predators. Pupae of T. dichotoma have probably exploited pre-existing anti-predator responses of conspecific larvae to protect themselves by emitting deceptive vibratory signals.

Trading on extinction: An open-access deterrence model for the South African abalone fishery

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Douglas J. Crookes

2016-03-01

Full Text Available South African rhinoceros (e.g.Diceros bicornis and abalone (Haliotis midae have in common that they both are harvested under open-access conditions, are high-value commodities and are traded illegally. The difference is that a legal market for abalone already exists. An open-access deterrence model was developed for South African abalone, using Table Mountain National Park as a case study. It was found that illegal poaching spiked following the closure of the recreational fishery. The resource custodian's objective is to maximise returns from confiscations. This study showed that a legal trade results in a trading on extinction resource trap, with a race for profits, an increase in the probability of detection after a poaching event and the depletion of populations. In contrast with HS Gordon's seminal article (J Polit Econ 1954;62:124-142, profit maximisation does not automatically improve the sustainability of the resource. Under certain conditions (e.g. a legal trade with costly enforcement, profit maximisation may actually deplete abalone populations. The article also has implications for rhino populations, as a legal trade is currently proposed.

The rare rhinoceros beetle, Ceratophileurus lemoulti Ohaus, 1911, in French Guiana and Suriname (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae, Phileurini

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Conrad Gillett

2010-01-01

Full Text Available The rare dynastine, Ceratophileurus lemoulti Ohaus, 1911, previously known only from French Guiana, is here reported for the first time from Suriname. All biological, distributional and temporal data available for the species in both territories are presented and discussed.

PRAVO NA PRISTUP SUDU EUROPSKE UNIJE

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Katarina Knol Radoja

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Restriktivni pristup tumačenja pretpostavki dopuštenosti podnošenja tužbe za poništenje pred Sudom Europske unije kada su u pitanju fizičke i pravne osobe prije donošenja Lisabonskog ugovora bio je predmetom niza doktrinarnih kri- tika. Cilj je ovog rada analizirati praktični utjecaj novih pravila o dopuštenosti podnošenja tužbe u svjetlu interpretativnih rješenja koje je dao Sud. Konkret- no, analizirat će se imaju li temeljem novog članka 263. stavka 4. Ugovora o funkcioniranju Europske unije privatni podnositelji jednostavniji pristup Sudu Europske unije u usporedbi s onim prije izmjena iz Lisabonskog ugovora. Osim toga, analizirat će se i kompatibilnost navedenog članka s međunarodnim ob- vezama koje proizlaze iz Aarhuške konvencije o pristupu informacijama, sud- jelovanju javnosti u odlučivanju i pristupu pravosuđu u pitanjima okoliša, spo- razuma kojeg je i Europska unija stranka. Na kraju rada, dolazi se do zaključka da, unatoč postojanju određenog napret- ka u smislu olakšavanja fizičkim i pravnim osobama pristup sudu, tim će oso- bama izravni pristup, radi osporavanja nezakonitosti akata tijela i institucija Europske unije i dalje biti dostupan samo u ograničenim slučajevima.

Sklapanje ugovora o vezu i ugovora o ostavi plovila konkludentnim činima : [prikaz presude

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Vesna Skorupan Wolff

2017-11-01

Full Text Available Tužitelj kao vlasnik plovila smatra da je između njega i marine kao tuženika sklopljen konkludentnim činima ugovor o ostavi plovila. Tužitelj je kupio i preuzeo plovilo od ranijeg vlasnika koji je s marinom bio u ugovornom odnosu. Nakon što je tužitelj pozvan od tuženika (marine da preuzme i ukloni plovilo sa veza jer će u protivnom biti premješteno na drugi vez, tužitelj to nije učinio. Ne može se smatrati da je ugovor o ostavi bio zaključen, kako to smatra tužitelj, konkludentnim činima tužitelja koji nije preuzeo plovilo nakon određenog roka te tuženika koji je premjestio plovilo na drugi vez, a u zimskom razdoblju ga ponovno vratio na siguran zaštićeni dio marine. U ponašanju tuženika i njegovom pozivu tužitelju da preuzme plovilo te premještanju plovila na drugi manje siguran vez nakon što tužitelj u određenom roku nije preuzeo plovilo, nema elemenata izražavanja volje za sklapanje ugovora o čuvanju plovila. Nedostatak volje za sklapanja ugovora o ostavi već na strani tuženika ukazuje da između stranaka nije nastao ugovor o čuvanju tužiteljevog plovila.

Zaštita računarskih mreža / Protection of computer networks

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Milojko Jevtović

2005-09-01

Full Text Available U radu su obrađene metode napada, oblici ugrožavanja i vrste pretnji kojima su izložene računarske mreže, kao i moguće metode i tehnička rešenja za zaštitu mreža. Analizirani su efekti pretnji kojima mogu biti izložene računarske mreže i informacije koje se preko njih prenose. Opisana su određena tehnička rešenja koja obezbeđuju potreban nivo zaštite računarskih mreža, kao i mere za zaštitu informacija koje se preko njih prenose. Navedeni su standardi koji se odnose na metode i procedure kriptozaštite informacija u računarskim mrežama. U radu je naveden primer zaštite jedne lokalne računarske mreže. / In this paper different methods of attacks, threats and different forms of dangers to the computer networks are described. The possible models and technical solutions for networks protection are also given. The effects of threats directed to the computer networks and their information are analyzed certain technical solutions that provide necessary protection level of the computer networks as well as measures for information protection are also described. The standards for methods and security procedure for the information in computer networks are enlisted. There is also an example of protecting one local data network (in this paper.

NEW DATA ON THE LOWER PLEISTOCENE (GELASIAN LIGNITE BEDS OF CASTEL SAN PIETRO (RIETI, CENTRAL ITALY

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LUCA PANDOLFI

2017-04-01

Full Text Available A multiproxy study of the lignite-bearing lacustrine sequence cropping out at Castel San Pietro (CSP (Rieti, central Italy provides new insights on the paleoenvironmental evolution of an extensional basin, located on the Tyrrhenian side of the Apennine range. The CSP fossiliferous levels reflect deposition in a stable lacustrine environment. Mammal remains collected from this locality during the past centuries include Stephanorhinus etruscus, Anancus arvernensis and the beaver Castor fiber. The co-existence of the Etruscan rhinoceros and the mastodont suggests a middle Villafranchian age (Montopoli or Coste San Giacomo Faunal Unit for the lignite beds of CSP. New paleoflora findings are in agreement with an attribution to the Piacenzian or Gelasian age for these deposits whilst the presence of the ostracod Qinghaicypris cf. Q. riojensis suggests a time interval from Zanclean to Gelasian (between ~4.5 and ~1.8 Ma. Accordingly, the lignite beds of CSP most likely were deposited during the Gelasian (from ca. 2.5 to 1.8 Ma; from Montopoli to Coste San Giacomo FUs or possibly to Olivola FU in forested area and warm and humid conditions.

Collection of radiocarbon dates on the mammoths ( Mammuthus primigenius) and other genera of Wrangel Island, northeast Siberia, Russia

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Vartanyan, Sergey L.; Arslanov, Khikmat A.; Karhu, Juha A.; Possnert, Göran; Sulerzhitsky, Leopold D.

2008-07-01

We present and discuss a full list of radiocarbon dates for woolly mammoth and other species of the Mammoth fauna available from Wrangel Island, northeast Siberia, Russia. Most of the radiocarbon dates are published here for the first time. Of the124 radiocarbon dates on mammoth bone, 106 fall between 3700 and 9000 yr ago. We believe these dates bracket the period of mammoth isolation on Wrangel Island and their ultimate extinction, which we attribute to natural causes. The absence of dates between 9-12 ka probably indicates a period when mammoths were absent from Wrangel Island. Long bone dimensions of Holocene mammoths from Wrangel Island indicate that these animals were comparable in size to those on the mainland; although they were not large animals, neither can they be classified as dwarfs. Occurrence of mammoth Holocene refugia on the mainland is suggested. Based on other species of the Mammoth fauna that have also been radiocarbon on Wrangel Island, including horse, bison, musk ox and woolly rhinoceros, it appears that the mammoth was the only species of that fauna that inhabited Wrangel Island in the mid-Holocene.

Ciliate protozoa

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dehority, B.A.

2005-01-01

Gruby and Delafond discovered the rumen protozoa in 1843 and suggested that their digestive activity was the primary means by which ruminants could survive on an all-plant diet. However, subsequent studies have clearly shown that bacteria actually play a prominent role in the fermentation of plant materials, and fungi are also involved. The rumen ciliates range in size from 18 to 500 μm and can be enumerated and identified microscopically at relatively low magnifications. On the basis of cell morphology, they have been classified into at least five families containing 24 different genera. Although new species are still being reported yearly, the last summary was compiled in 1992 by Williams and Coleman and listed 257 separate species. Ciliate protozoa belonging to different families are found in most other herbivorous mammals. This includes those animals in which fermentation occurs in the hindgut, such as the horse, elephant, rhinoceros and capybara, as well as in the non-ruminant foregut fomenters, i.e. camelids, hippopotamus and kangaroo. These ciliates can be enumerated and identified using the methods and techniques presented in this chapter, presuming appropriate procedures are used for obtaining representative samples from the animal

Flow structures around a beetle in a tethered flight

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Lee, Boogeon; Oh, Sehyeong; Park, Hyungmin; Choi, Haecheon

2017-11-01

In the present study, through a wind-tunnel experiment, we visualize the flow in a tethered flight of a rhinoceros beetle using a smoke-wire visualization technique. Measurements are done at five side planes along the wind span while varying the body angle (angle between the horizontal and the body axis) to investigate the influence of the stroke plane angle that was observed to change depending on the flight mode such as hovering, forward and takeoff flights so on. Observing that a large attached leading-edge vortex is only found on the hindwing, it is inferred that most of the aerodynamic forces would be generated by hindwings (flexible inner wings) compared to the elytra (hard outer wings). In addition, it is observed to use unsteady lift-generating mechanisms such as clap-and-fling, wing-wing interaction and wake capture. Finally, we discuss the relation between the advance ratio and Strouhal number by adjusting free-stream velocity and the body angle (i.e., angle of wake-induced flow). Supported by a Grant to Bio-Mimetic Robot Research Center Funded by Defense Acquisition Program Administration, and by ADD, Korea (UD130070ID).

Pemanfaatan Antibodi Monoklonal dalam Immunoassay untuk Deteksi Baculovirus oryctes

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Susamto Somowiyarjo

2000-12-01

Full Text Available The application of non-precoated Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA and Dot Immunobinding Assay (DIBA employing monoclonal antibodies (MCA against Yogyakarta isolate of Baculovirus oryctes Huger. was described. The MCA-Bv-4 having subclass of IgG2a and titer in vitro of 10^4 - 10^5 proved to be useful antibody for virus detection. The great potential of I-ELISA using MCA-Bv-4 has been it's specificity being able to discriminate between healthy an virus-infected coconut beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros L.. The assay could also differentiate between B. oryctes and Monodon baculovirus, the pathogen of shrimp disease. The best tissue for preparing virus antigen from crude extract was found to be the midgut of the beetle. Head, thorax, abdomen and tibia were not suitable for preparing the test antigen. The crude extract of beetle showed high endogenous enzyme activity to the substrate of DIBA, which precluded the detection of B. oryctes using DIBA. The MCA-Bv-4 could be used to improve the monitoring of the virus to support the program of biological control of coconut beetle using B. oryctes.

Interaction of the elytra and hind wing of a rhinoceros beetle (Trypoxylus dichotomus) during a take-off mode

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Oh, Seungyoung; Oh, Sehyeong; Choi, Haecheon; Lee, Boogeon; Park, Hyungmin; Kim, Sun-Tae

2015-11-01

The elytra are a pair of hardened wings that cover the abdomen of a beetle to protect beetle's hind wings. During the take-off, these elytra open and flap in phase with the hind wings. We investigate the effect of the elytra flapping on beetle's aerodynamic performance. Numerical simulations are performed at Re=10,000 (based on the wingtip mean velocity and mean chord length of the hind wing) using an immersed boundary method. The simulations are focused on a take-off, and the wing kinematics used is directly obtained from the experimental observations using high speed cameras. The simulation result shows three-dimensional vortical structures generated by the hind wing of the beetle and their interaction with the elytra. The presence of elytra has a negative effect on the lift generation by the hind wings, but the lift force on the elytra themselves is negligible. Further discussions on the elytra - hind wing interaction will be provided during the presentation. Supported by UD130070ID.

The effects of solvent on photocatalytic properties of Bi2WO6/TiO2 heterojunction under visible light irradiation

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Guo, Qiyao; Huang, Yunfang; Xu, Hui; Luo, Dan; Huang, Feiyue; Gu, Lin; Wei, Yuelin; Zhao, Huang; Fan, Leqing; Wu, Jihuai

2018-04-01

Bi2WO6/TiO2 heterojunction photocatalysts with two different microstructures were controllably fabricated via a facile two-step synthetic route. XRD, XPS, SEM, TEM, BET-surface, DRS, PL spectra, photoelectrochemical measurement (Mott-Schottky), and zeta-potential analyzer were employed to clarify structural and morphological characteristics of the obtained products. The results showed that Bi2WO6 nanoparticles/nanosheets grew on the primary TiO2 nanorods. The TiO2 nanorods used as a synthetic template inhibit the growth of Bi2WO6 crystals along the c-axis, resulting in Bi2WO6/TiO2 heterostructure with one-dimensional (1D) morphology. The photocatalytic properties of Bi2WO6/TiO2 heterojunction photocatalysts were strongly dependent on their shapes and structures. Compared with bare Bi2WO6 and TiO2, Bi2WO6/TiO2 composite have stronger adsorption ability and better visible light photocatalytic activities towards organic dyes. The Bi2WO6/TiO2 composite prepared in EG solvent with optimal Bi:Ti ratio of 2:12 (S-TB2) showed the highest photocatalytic activity, which could totally decompose Rhodamine B within 10 min upon irradiation with visible light (λ > 422 nm), and retained the high photocatalytic performance after five recycles, confirming its stability and practical usability. The results of PL indicated that Bi2WO6 and TiO2 could combine well to form a heterojunction structure which facilitated electron-hole separation, and lead to the increasing photocatalytic activity.

VALUASI EKONOMI PEMANFAATAN HASIL HUTAN YANG TIDAK DAPAT DIPASARKAN PADA KAWASAN HUTAN LINDUNG TAMAN HUTAN RAYA SULTAN ADAM KALIMANTAN SELATAN

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Munandar Munandar

2017-06-01

Full Text Available The research identified  potential, kinds of  non marketable forest  products, and calculating  the economic value of non marketable forest products in Sultan Adam Grand Forest Park. Identifying the species  was conducted on  the sample of 100 hectares  width  by creating line plot sampling of width 20 meters  and 1000 meters length. Data  were analyzed to explain types of species, frequency, relative frequency, density and relative density. Calculating   the value of non marketable forest products was done  by  making Contingent Valuation Method (CVM survey. Amount of Willingness to Pay (WTP directly ask to the 243 respondents using questionnaire. The result of research, non marketable flora consist of  7 species of used as food ingredients, 2 types species of medicinal and tonic, a species potent to cosmetics substitution, one type of pest poison, one of handy craft. There are 8 species of birds among of them are endangered species like hornbill (Buceros rhinoceros and haruai or Kalimantan Peacock ( Argusius argus.The Large mammals such as deer (Cervus unicolor, bark deer (Muntiacus muntjak and wild boar (Sus barbatus still found in it’s footprints and be informed by local people Willingness to Pay of locally perspective was Rp.494,483,164.61 per year or Rp. 7,271.81 per hectare per year as preferences to non marketable forest products they used. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengidentifikasi jenis dan menghitung nilai ekonomi hasil hutan yang tidak dapat dipasarkan di Tahura Sultan Adam. Identifikasi spesies dilakukan pada sampel seluas 100 hektar dengan membuat jalur pengamatan selebar 20 meter dan panjang 1000 meter. Data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis untuk menjelaskan jenis-jenis yang ada, frekuensi, frekuensi relatif, kerapatan relatif dan  indeks nilai pentingnya. Penghitungan nilai ekonomi hasil hutan yang tidak dapat dipasarkan dilaksanakan dengan membuat survai langsung menggunakan Contingent Valuation Method (CVM

Sumatran rhinoceros, Dicerorhinus sumatrensis (Fischer, 1814), in the Gunung Leuser National Park, Sumatra, Indonesia : its distribution, ecology and conservation

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Strien, van N.J.

1985-01-01

The Sumatran rhino is solitary for most of its life. The home range of a rhino overlaps with the home ranges of several other rhinos and animals occasionally meet, but they do not stay together for any length of time. It may be that young sub-adults, in their first years of independence,

PENTODON ALGERINUS – A NEW KIND OF RHINOCEROS BEETLE (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE: DYNASTINAE FOR THE FAUNA OF RUSSIA FROM DAGHESTAN

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G. M. Abdurahmanov

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Pentodon algerinum bispinifrons Reitter, 1894 is pointed out for the first time for Dagestan and Russia. P. idiota coniceps Reitter, 1894 ssp. ressur. stat. n. is restored from synonyms of P. idiota idiota (Herbst, 1789.

Wickerhamiella allomyrinae f.a., sp. nov., a yeast species isolated from the gut of the rhinoceros beetle Allomyrina dichotoma.

Science.gov (United States)

Ren, Yong-Cheng; Wang, Yun; Chen, Liang; Ke, Tao; Hui, Feng-Li

2014-11-01

Two strains representing Wickerhamiella allomyrinae f.a., sp. nov. were isolated from the gut of Allomyrina dichotoma (Coleoptera: Scarabeidae) collected from the Baotianman National Nature Reserve, Nanyan, Henan Province, China. Sequence analyses of the D1/D2 domains of the LSU rRNA gene revealed that this novel species was located in the Wickerhamiella clade (Saccharomycetes, Saccharomycetales), with three described species of the genus Candida, namely Candida musiphila, Candida spandovensis and Candida sergipensis, as the most closely related species. The novel species differed from these three species by 9.3-9.8% sequence divergence (35-45 nt substitutions) in the D1/D2 sequences. The species could also be distinguished from the closely related species, C. musiphila, C. spandovensis and C. sergipensis, by growth on vitamin-free medium and at 37 °C. The type strain is Wickerhamiella allomyrinae sp. nov. NYNU 13920(T) ( =CICC 33031(T) =CBS 13167(T)). © 2014 IUMS.

Biochemical and microstructural Ccharacteristics of insoluble and soluble dietary fiber prepared from mushroom sclerotia of Pleurotus tuber-regium, Polyporus rhinocerus, and Wolfiporia cocos.

Science.gov (United States)

Wong, Ka-Hing; Cheung, Peter C K; Wu, Jin-Zhong

2003-11-19

The proximate composition of sclerotia of Pleurotus tuber-regium, Polyporus rhinoceros, and Wolfiporia cocos, together with the yield, purity, monosaccharide profile, and microstructure of their insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) and soluble dietary fiber (SDF) fractions prepared from AOAC enzymatic-gravimetric methods were investigated and compared. All three sclerotia were typical carbohydrate rich sclerotia [ranging from 90.5 to 98.1% dry matter (DM)] with an exceptionally low amount of crude lipid content (ranging from 0.02 to 0.14% DM). Besides, all three sclerotia possessed substantial amounts of IDF (ranging from 77.4 to 94.6% DM) with notably high levels of nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) (89.9-92.2% DM) in which glucose was the predominant sugar residue (90.6-97.2% of NSP DM). On the contrary, both the yield (only ranging from 1.45 to 2.50% DM) and the amount of NSP (ranging from 22.4 to 29.6% DM) of the three sclerotial SDF fractions were very low. Scanning electron micrographs showed fragments of interwoven hyphae and insoluble materials in the three sclerotial IDF fractions, but only an amorphous structure of soluble materials was observed in the SDF fractions. The potential use of these fiber preparations was discussed.

Pre-Rationalized Parametric Designing of Roof Shells Formed by Repetitive Modules of Catalan Surfaces

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Jolanta Dzwierzynska

2018-04-01

Full Text Available The aim of the study is to develop an original, methodical, and practical approach to the early stages of parametric design of roof shells formed by repetitive modules of Catalan surfaces. It is presented on the example of designing the roof shells compound of four concrete elements. The designing process proposed by us consists in linking geometric shaping of roofs’ models with their structural analysis and optimization. Contrary to other methods, which use optimization process in order to find free roof forms, we apply it in order to explore and improve design alternatives. It is realized with the application of designing tools working in Rhinoceros 3D software. The flexible scripts elaborated by us, in order to achieve roofs’ models of regular and symmetrical shapes, are converted into simulation models to perform structural analysis. It is mainly focused on how the roof shells perform dependently on their geometric characteristics. The simulation enables one to evaluate various roof shells’ shapes, as well as to select an optimal design solution. The proposed approach to the conceptual design process may drive the designing to achieve geometric and structural forms which not only follow the design intentions but also target better results.

The taphonomy of a Middle Devensian (MIS 3) vertebrate assemblage from Lynford, Norfolk, UK, and its implications for Middle Palaeolithic subsistence strategies

Science.gov (United States)

Schreve, Danielle C.

2006-07-01

The association of a rich lithic assemblage with a Middle Devensian mammalian assemblage at Lynford was initially thought indicative of a mammoth butchery locality, a rare occurrence for a European Middle Palaeolithic open site. However, taphonomic analyses suggest that the specimens have very different depositional histories and were incorporated into a palaeochannel in several stages. Most specimens are extremely fragmentary, probably the result of extensive trampling, and signs of weathering and root-damage provide further indications of exposure before burial. Carnivore damage is minimal but establishing the degree of interaction between the mammal fauna and alternative predators, such as Neanderthals, is problematic. Direct evidence of butchery is not present and the best indication of any form of mammoth exploitation lies in more circumstantial evidence such as the virtual absence of long bones from the main channel deposit and the mammoth age profiles. Instances of pathologies are also unusually common in the mammoths, implying that their greater vulnerability may have led to an accelerated demise either naturally or at the hands of a predator. The best evidence for direct faunal exploitation at the site is from green bone fractures and broken teeth that suggest marrow extraction in horse, reindeer and woolly rhinoceros. Copyright

Zebra Alphaherpesviruses (EHV-1 and EHV-9: Genetic Diversity, Latency and Co-Infections

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Azza Abdelgawad

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Alphaherpesviruses are highly prevalent in equine populations and co-infections with more than one of these viruses’ strains frequently diagnosed. Lytic replication and latency with subsequent reactivation, along with new episodes of disease, can be influenced by genetic diversity generated by spontaneous mutation and recombination. Latency enhances virus survival by providing an epidemiological strategy for long-term maintenance of divergent strains in animal populations. The alphaherpesviruses equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1 and 9 (EHV-9 have recently been shown to cross species barriers, including a recombinant EHV-1 observed in fatal infections of a polar bear and Asian rhinoceros. Little is known about the latency and genetic diversity of EHV-1 and EHV-9, especially among zoo and wild equids. Here, we report evidence of limited genetic diversity in EHV-9 in zebras, whereas there is substantial genetic variability in EHV-1. We demonstrate that zebras can be lytically and latently infected with both viruses concurrently. Such a co-occurrence of infection in zebras suggests that even relatively slow-evolving viruses such as equine herpesviruses have the potential to diversify rapidly by recombination. This has potential consequences for the diagnosis of these viruses and their management in wild and captive equid populations.

A rhinocerotid-dominated megafauna at the MIS6-5 transition: The late Middle Pleistocene Coc Muoi assemblage, Lang Son province, Vietnam

Science.gov (United States)

Bacon, Anne-Marie; Antoine, Pierre-Olivier; Huong, Nguyen Thi Mai; Westaway, Kira; Tuan, Nguyen Anh; Duringer, Philippe; Zhao, Jian-xin; Ponche, Jean-Luc; Dung, Sam Canh; Nghia, Truong Huu; Minh, Tran Thi; Son, Pham Thanh; Boyon, Marc; Thuy, Nguyen Thi Kim; Blin, Amandine; Demeter, Fabrice

2018-04-01

Little is known about the ecosystems in the north of the Indochinese peninsula at the Middle-Late Pleistocene transition. In this paper, we analyzed the new fauna from Coc Muoi cave, Lang Son province, northeast Vietnam. In comparison with other well-documented faunas from the region, that of Coc Muoi is distinguished by the predominance of rhinoceroses among diverse large-bodied herbivores. The results of the OSL and pIR-IRSL dating of the cave sediments and U-series dating of flowstones indicate a potential age range of 148-117 ka for the fauna (MIS6-5). The analysis of age-at-death distributions of rhinoceroses, wild cattle, sambar deer, and wild pig, does not show any apparent selectivity of age classes. We also focused our study on rhinoceroses, tapirs, and wild cattle by analyzing the prevalence of hypoplastic defects on deciduous and permanent teeth, in an attempt to assess the health status of the taxa during their first years of growth. The health status of large-bodied herbivores (kouprey and rhinoceros) reveals the importance of stressors (biotic and abiotic) in the rainforest environment during a period of marked climatic transition (MIS6-5) in comparison with other MIS5-4 well-documented faunas from the region.

Chemically mediated group formation in soil-dwelling larvae and pupae of the beetle Trypoxylus dichotomus

Science.gov (United States)

Kojima, Wataru; Ishikawa, Yukio; Takanashi, Takuma

2014-09-01

Many insects form groups through interactions among individuals, and these are often mediated by chemical, acoustic, or visual cues and signals. In spite of the diversity of soil-dwelling insects, their aggregation behaviour has not been examined as extensively as that of aboveground species. We investigated the aggregation mechanisms of larvae of the Japanese rhinoceros beetle Trypoxylus dichotomus, which live in groups in humus soil. In two-choice laboratory tests, 2nd- and 3rd-instar larvae gathered at conspecific larvae irrespective of the kinship. The ablation of maxillae, which bear chemosensilla, abolished aggregation behaviour. Intact larvae also exhibited aggregation behaviour towards a larval homogenate. These results suggest that larval aggregation is mediated by chemical cues. We also demonstrated that the mature larvae of T. dichotomus built their pupal cells close to a mesh bag containing a conspecific pupal cell, which indicated that larvae utilize chemical cues emanating from these cells to select the pupation site. Thus, the larvae of T. dichotomus may use chemical cues from the conspecifics in two different contexts, i.e. larval aggregation and pupation site selection. Using conspecific cues, larvae may be able to choose suitable locations for foraging or building pupal cells. The results of the present study highlight the importance of chemical information in belowground ecology.

Theoretical analysis of nuclear reactors (Phase II), I-V, Part V, Determining the fine neutron flux distribution by Pn method; Razrada metoda teorijske analize nuklearnih reaktora (II faza) I-V, V Deo, Odredjivanje fine raspodele fluksa Pn metodom

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pop-Jordanov, J [Institute of Nuclear Sciences Boris Kidric, Vinca, Beograd (Serbia and Montenegro)

1962-10-15

Expression for spherical harmonic moments were applied. They were obtained by spherical harmonics expansion of monoenergetic transport equation. This report presents the procedure for calculating the neutron flux distribution in the nine-zone reactor cell of the RA reactor in Vinca. The procedure was modelled for digital computer ZUSE Z-23 by expansion of the diagram of the automated P{sub 3} code, which is adequate for P{sub n} code with minor changes. The needed subroutines were developed. The most important ones were those for modified first and second order Bessel functions of n-th order. Computer Z-23 was operating only 15 hours during three months, and thus only the subroutines for modified Bessel functions could be tested and the obtained results were excellent. For the mentioned reason the neutron flux distribution will be calculated in the forthcoming period. Koriscen je izraz za svernoharmonicne momente koji se dobija razvijanjem monoenergetske transportne jednacine u sverne harmonike. Dat je postupak za odredjivanje raspodele neutronskog fluksa u devet medijalnoj celiji reaktora RA u Vinci. Gornji postupak je logicki organizovan na digitalnoj masini ZUSE Z-23 razvijanjem tekuceg dijagrama automatskog P{sub 3} koda, koji sa malim izmenama odgovara Pn kodu. Razvijene su potrebne osnovne subrutine, medju kojima su najznacajnije one za modificirane Beselove funkcije prve i druge vrste n - tog reda. Masina ZUSE Z-23 bila je u radu svega 15 zasova u toku tri meseca, te sam stigao da testiram samo subrutine za modificirane Beselove funkcije koje su dale odlicne rezultate. Iz ovoga razloga nije se mogla dobiti trazena raspodela fluksa. To ce biti ucinjeno u narednom periodu posto cemo moci koristiti masinu Z-23 (author)

Ra reactor operation plan for 1976 - Annex 6; Prilog 6 - Plan rada reaktora RA za 1976. godinu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Martinc, R [Institute of Nuclear Sciences Boris Kidric, Vinca, Beograd (Serbia and Montenegro)

1976-01-15

Contrary to previous years the RA reactor operation plan for 1976 is conditioned by more uncertainties than ever for the following reasons. It is planned for February to repair the components in order to eliminate the consequences of leaking from the vertical experimental channel VK-4 which happened in december 1975. Apart from this, measurements related to transfer of the core to highly enriched fuel under minimum power are foreseen to be performed in February. In April, it would be indispensable to locate the point of He gas leaking and its prevention. Core transfer to highly enriched fuel is planned for April for testing of the fuel elements under operating conditions and step by step increase of the power density up to the nominal power. Complete plan for core transfer would be available by the end of February 1976. It is planned to make-up for the mentioned delays from May-December 1976. [Serbo-Croat] Za razliku od prethodnih godina izrada plana rada reaktora RA za 1976. godinu vezana je za mnogo vise neizvesnosti nego ikada ranije iz sledecih razloga. U februaru se vrsi remont opreme i uklanjanja posledica procurivanja vertikalnog eksperimentalog kanala VK-4, koje se dogodilo decembra 1975. Sem toga u februaru se vrse merenja na minimalnim snagama u sklopu priprema za prelazak na novo gorivo. U aprilu ce biti neophodno lociranje mesta gde istice He gas kao i otklanjanje uzroka ovog curenja. Planirano je da se u aprilu ubaci novo gorivo u jezgro u cilju testiranja pod radnim uslovima uz postepeno povecanje snage do nominalne. Planirano je da se smanjeni obim rada usled navedenih uslova nadoknadi u potpunosti u periodu maj-decembar 1976.

Komercijalni zapis kao instrument kratkoročnog korporacijskog financiranja

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Anka Mašek

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Tema ovog rada obuhvaća komercijalni zapis kao financijski instrument. Osobito se razrađuje njegova funkcija u procesu pribavljanja sredstava za kratkoročno financiranje potreba korporacije. U tom smislu dana je šira elaboracija osnovnih obilježja komercijalnog zapisa. Naglasak je osobito stavljen na potrebu izrade analize opravdanosti izdavanja komercijalnog zapisa uvijek u situaciji kada postoji više mogućnosti kratkoročnog financiranja. Opredjeljenje za jednu, u ovom slučaju mogućnost komercijalnog zapisa, mora biti na osnovi utvrđenog stupnja optimalnosti. U okviru ovog dijela teme koji se odnosi na analizu posebno su obrađeni neki čimbenici kojima se analitičari trebaju posebno pozabaviti da bi dobili objektivne rezultate koje bi trebalo proslijediti financijskom managementu, koji u konačnici mora donijeti odluku. Također je napravljen osvrt na praksu izdavanja komercijalnih zapisa u Hrvatskoj, kao i probleme koji se pritom pojavljuju. U određenom smislu dana je ocjena perspektive uporabe komercijalnog zapisa u poslovanju hrvatskih gospodarskih subjekta. Izvjesna je činjenica da već sada postoje znanti pozitivni pomaci u tom smislu, koji iako još uvijek nisu dovoljni, ipak ohrabruju. Na kraju je naveden konkretan slučaj izdavanja komercijalnog zapisa u jednoj domaćoj korporaciji iz kojeg se može vidjeti stupanj opravdanosti takvog zahvata. Nadalje može se vidjeti i širina mogućnosti korištenja ovog financijskog instrumenta, kao i uloga prethodne analize koja je stvorila potrebnu informacijsku osnovu za sve aktivnosti na realizaciji navedenog projekta.

»Kommunikation und Kybernetik in Einzeldarstellungen”. Herausgegeben von H. Wolter und W. D. Keidel. Band 2: Structural Linguistics and Human Communication. An Introduction into the Mechanism of Language and the Methodology of Linguistics By Bertil Malmbe

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Žarko Muljačić

1966-12-01

Full Text Available Za razliku od priručnika istog pisca New Trends in Linguistics. An Orientation, Stockholm-Lund 1964 (koji predstavlja dotjerani i ažurirani prijevod švedskog originala iz 1959. god. i o kome v. recenziju koju smo objavili u »ZFLMS« X, Novi Sad 1967, str. 181-188, ova je odlična monografija namijenjena uzem krugu čitalaca koji već imaju dovoljnih znanja iz lingvistike i fonetike ili iz društvenih i prirodnih nauka, kojima su od koristi tekovine i metode suvremene lingvistike (psihologija, fonijatrija, logoterapija, metodika učenja stranih jezika, nauka o komunikacijama i sl.. Autor, ugledni romanist i profesor fonetike na sveučilištu u Lundu, a od nedavna i na Sorbonni, svijestan je opasnosti da će lingvistika, prikazana prvenstveno kao znanost koja studira jezično komuniciranje ljudi, nužno morati da se pozabavi i vrlo širokim krugom problema pa će tako neka poglavlja ispasti za jedne čitaoce prekomplicirapa a za druge preelementarna. Drugačije međutim nije moglo biti ako se željelo na relativno malenom prostoru prikazati tako različite pojmove kao sto su fonemi i značenje, decibeli i jezicna promjena, knjizevni stil i govorne smetnje. Metodski pristup gradi i kompozicija sasvim su drugačiji nego u New Trends in Linguistics. Dok su tamo poglavlja posvečena pojedinim lingvističkim školama i pravcima (a samo indirektno i nekim skupinama problema ukoliko se neka škola uglavnom njiina bavila, ova je monografija obrađena problemski.

Rhinoceros feet step out of a rule-of-thumb: a wildlife imaging pioneering approach of synchronized computed tomography-digital radiography.

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Gabriela Galateanu

Full Text Available Currently, radiography is the only imaging technique used to diagnose bone pathology in wild animals situated under "field conditions". Nevertheless, while chronic foot disease in captive mega-herbivores is widely reported, foot radiographic imaging is confronted with scarcity of studies. Numerous hindrances lead to such limited numbers and it became very clear that the traditional perspective on bone imaging in domestic animals based on extensive studies and elaborated statistical evaluations cannot be extrapolated to their non-domestic relatives. For these reasons, the authors initiated a multi-modality imaging study and established a pioneering approach of synchronized computed tomography (CT and digital radiography (DR, based on X-ray projections derived from three-dimensional CT reconstructed images. Whereas this approach can be applied in any clinical field, as a case of outstanding importance and great concern for zoological institutions, we selected foot bone pathologies in captive rhinoceroses to demonstrate the manifold applications of the method. Several advances were achieved, endowing the wildlife clinician with all-important tools: prototype DR exposure protocols and a modus operandi for foot positioning, advancing both traditional projections and, for the first-time, species-related radiographic views; assessment of radiographic diagnostic value for the whole foot and, in premiere, for each autopodial bone; together with additional insights into radiographic appearance of bone anatomy and pathology with a unique, simultaneous CT-DR correlation. Based on its main advantages in availing a wide range of keystone data in wildlife imaging from a limited number of examined subjects and combining advantages of CT as the golden standard method for bone diseases' diagnostic with DR's clinical feasibility under field conditions, synchronized CT-DR presents a new perspective on wildlife's health management. With this we hope to provide veterinary clinicians with concrete imaging techniques and substantial diagnostic tools, which facilitate straightforward attainment and interpretation of field radiography images taken worldwide.

Rhinoceros feet step out of a rule-of-thumb: a wildlife imaging pioneering approach of synchronized computed tomography-digital radiography.

Science.gov (United States)

Galateanu, Gabriela; Hermes, Robert; Saragusty, Joseph; Göritz, Frank; Potier, Romain; Mulot, Baptiste; Maillot, Alexis; Etienne, Pascal; Bernardino, Rui; Fernandes, Teresa; Mews, Jurgen; Hildebrandt, Thomas Bernd

2014-01-01

Currently, radiography is the only imaging technique used to diagnose bone pathology in wild animals situated under "field conditions". Nevertheless, while chronic foot disease in captive mega-herbivores is widely reported, foot radiographic imaging is confronted with scarcity of studies. Numerous hindrances lead to such limited numbers and it became very clear that the traditional perspective on bone imaging in domestic animals based on extensive studies and elaborated statistical evaluations cannot be extrapolated to their non-domestic relatives. For these reasons, the authors initiated a multi-modality imaging study and established a pioneering approach of synchronized computed tomography (CT) and digital radiography (DR), based on X-ray projections derived from three-dimensional CT reconstructed images. Whereas this approach can be applied in any clinical field, as a case of outstanding importance and great concern for zoological institutions, we selected foot bone pathologies in captive rhinoceroses to demonstrate the manifold applications of the method. Several advances were achieved, endowing the wildlife clinician with all-important tools: prototype DR exposure protocols and a modus operandi for foot positioning, advancing both traditional projections and, for the first-time, species-related radiographic views; assessment of radiographic diagnostic value for the whole foot and, in premiere, for each autopodial bone; together with additional insights into radiographic appearance of bone anatomy and pathology with a unique, simultaneous CT-DR correlation. Based on its main advantages in availing a wide range of keystone data in wildlife imaging from a limited number of examined subjects and combining advantages of CT as the golden standard method for bone diseases' diagnostic with DR's clinical feasibility under field conditions, synchronized CT-DR presents a new perspective on wildlife's health management. With this we hope to provide veterinary clinicians with concrete imaging techniques and substantial diagnostic tools, which facilitate straightforward attainment and interpretation of field radiography images taken worldwide.

Rhinoceros Feet Step Out of a Rule-of-Thumb: A Wildlife Imaging Pioneering Approach of Synchronized Computed Tomography-Digital Radiography

Science.gov (United States)

Saragusty, Joseph; Göritz, Frank; Potier, Romain; Mulot, Baptiste; Maillot, Alexis; Etienne, Pascal; Bernardino, Rui; Fernandes, Teresa; Mews, Jurgen; Hildebrandt, Thomas Bernd

2014-01-01

Currently, radiography is the only imaging technique used to diagnose bone pathology in wild animals situated under “field conditions”. Nevertheless, while chronic foot disease in captive mega-herbivores is widely reported, foot radiographic imaging is confronted with scarcity of studies. Numerous hindrances lead to such limited numbers and it became very clear that the traditional perspective on bone imaging in domestic animals based on extensive studies and elaborated statistical evaluations cannot be extrapolated to their non-domestic relatives. For these reasons, the authors initiated a multi-modality imaging study and established a pioneering approach of synchronized computed tomography (CT) and digital radiography (DR), based on X-ray projections derived from three-dimensional CT reconstructed images. Whereas this approach can be applied in any clinical field, as a case of outstanding importance and great concern for zoological institutions, we selected foot bone pathologies in captive rhinoceroses to demonstrate the manifold applications of the method. Several advances were achieved, endowing the wildlife clinician with all-important tools: prototype DR exposure protocols and a modus operandi for foot positioning, advancing both traditional projections and, for the first-time, species-related radiographic views; assessment of radiographic diagnostic value for the whole foot and, in premiere, for each autopodial bone; together with additional insights into radiographic appearance of bone anatomy and pathology with a unique, simultaneous CT-DR correlation. Based on its main advantages in availing a wide range of keystone data in wildlife imaging from a limited number of examined subjects and combining advantages of CT as the golden standard method for bone diseases' diagnostic with DR's clinical feasibility under field conditions, synchronized CT-DR presents a new perspective on wildlife's health management. With this we hope to provide veterinary clinicians with concrete imaging techniques and substantial diagnostic tools, which facilitate straightforward attainment and interpretation of field radiography images taken worldwide. PMID:24963807

Seasonal variations in food plant preferences of reintroduced Rhinos Rhinoceros unicornis (Mammalia: Perrissodactyla: Rhinocerotidae in Manas National Park, Assam, India

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Deba Kumar Dutta

2016-11-01

Full Text Available The food preferences of translocated Rhinos in Manas National Park were studied to find out variations in seasonal and annual preferences.  A total of 139 plants species belonging to 39 families were observed to be consumed as food.  On an average, grasses (n=33 contributed 24% of Rhino food, aquatic plants (n=23 16.5%, shrubs (n=11 7.5%, herbs (n = 31 22.3% trees (n=26 18.7%, creepers (n=3 2.1% and agricultural crops (n=12 8.6%.  Among the grasses, throughout the year Arundo donax, Cynodon dactylon, Imperata cylindrica, Saccharum elephantinus and Saccharum spontaneum were the maximum preferred species.  Rhinos were observed to browse shrubs and tree twigs during the winter season and browsing was found to be very limited during the monsoon due to the abundance of young grass.  Various anthropogenic pressures such as unregulated grassland burning, cattle grazing, invasions of Bombax ceiba and shrubs like Chromolaena odorata, Leea asiatica and herbs like Ageratum conyzoides have degraded some of the important grasslands.  So, a proper grassland management protocol including the burning of grasslands during the dry season, keeping grazing animals away and control of weeds is suggested in the areas extensively used by the Rhinos. 

»Nočem biti odvisna«: Ali javne prevajalske in tolmaške storitve res negativno vplivajo na aktivno vključenost migrantov v državo gostiteljico?

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Nike Kocijančič Pokorn

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Prispevek se sprašuje o upravičenosti določenih političnih ukrepov, ki odrekajo zagotavljanje prevajanja in tolmačenja migrantom, ter zagovarja nove pristope k jezikovni in prevodni politiki, in sicer prek raziskave, ki je bila zasnovana kot odziv na trditve, da prevajalske in tolmaške storitve ovirajo integracijo nedavnih priseljencev. Raziskava je bila izvedena na skupini prosilcev za mednarodno zaščito v azilnem domu v Ljubljani. Najprej smo zbrali podatke o jezikovnem ozadju vseh stanovalcev azilnega doma v avgustu 2014 (56 stanovalcev iz 19 različnih držav, nato pa sestavili reprezentativno skupino 18 prosilcev za mednarodno zaščito na podlagi njihovega maternega jezika in jih razdelili na dve skupini glede na čas bivanja v Sloveniji v času intervjuja (krajše ali daljše obdobje. Kvantitativne podatke o jezikovnih profilih smo zbrali z vprašalnikom, kvalitativne pa s pomočjo polstrukturiranih intervjujev, izvedenih v letu 2014, in dveh ponovitvenih intervjujev v letu 2015. Nato smo kvalitativno analizirali transkripcije vseh posnetih intervjujev, pri čemer smo se osredotočali na jezikovne in komunikacijske rešitve na različnih stopnjah migrantovega življenja v državi gostiteljici. Rezultati kažejo, da je osnovne kompromise mogoče doseči, saj so prevajalske in tolmaške storitve komplementarni koraki do neodvisnosti in kot take ne ovirajo učenja dominantnega oz. nacionalnega jezika države gostiteljice, temveč ga podpirajo.

Daylight Design of Office Buildings: Optimisation of External Solar Shadings by Using Combined Simulation Methods

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Javier González

2015-05-01

Full Text Available Integrating daylight and energy performance with optimization into the design process has always been a challenge for designers. Most of the building environmental performance simulation tools require a considerable amount of time and iterations for achieving accurate results. Moreover the combination of daylight and energy performances has always been an issue, as different software packages are needed to perform detailed calculations. A simplified method to overcome both issues using recent advances in software integration is explored here. As a case study; the optimization of external shadings in a typical office space in Australia is presented. Results are compared against common solutions adopted as industry standard practices. Visual comfort and energy efficiency are analysed in an integrated approach. The DIVA (Design, Iterate, Validate and Adapt plug-in for Rhinoceros/Grasshopper software is used as the main tool, given its ability to effectively calculate daylight metrics (using the Radiance/Daysim engine and energy consumption (using the EnergyPlus engine. The optimization process is carried out parametrically controlling the shadings’ geometries. Genetic Algorithms (GA embedded in the evolutionary solver Galapagos are adopted in order to achieve close to optimum results by controlling iteration parameters. The optimized result, in comparison with conventional design techniques, reveals significant enhancement of comfort levels and energy efficiency. Benefits and drawbacks of the proposed strategy are then discussed.

The Middle Pleistocene vertebrate fauna from Khok Sung (Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand): biochronological and paleobiogeographical implications

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Suraprasit, Kantapon; Jaeger, Jean-Jacques; Chaimanee, Yaowalak; Chavasseau, Olivier; Yamee, Chotima; Tian, Pannipa; Panha, Somsak

2016-01-01

Abstract The fluviatile terrace deposits of Khok Sung, Nakhon Ratchasima province, have yielded more than one thousand fossils, making this the richest Pleistocene vertebrate fauna of Thailand. The excellent preservation of the specimens allows precise characterization of the faunal composition. The mammalian fauna consists of fifteen species in thirteen genera, including a primate, a canid, a hyaenid, proboscideans, rhinoceroses, a suid, cervids, and bovids. Most species correspond to living taxa but globally (Stegodon cf. orientalis) and locally (Crocuta crocuta ultima, Rhinoceros unicornis, Sus barbatus, and Axis axis) extinct taxa were also present. The identification of Axis axis in Khok Sung, a chital currently restricted to the Indian Subcontinent, represents the first record of the species in Southeast Asia. Three reptilian taxa: Crocodylus cf. siamensis, Python sp., and Varanus sp., are also identified. Faunal correlations with other Southeast Asian sites suggest a late Middle to early Late Pleistocene age for the Khok Sung assemblage. However, the Khok Sung mammalian fauna is most similar to that of Thum Wiman Nakin, dated to older than 169 ka. The Khok Sung large mammal assemblage mostly comprises mainland Southeast Asian taxa that migrated to Java during the latest Middle Pleistocene, supporting the hypothesis that Thailand was a biogeographic pathway for the Sino-Malayan migration event from South China to Java. PMID:27667928

Mammalian evolution: timing and implications from using the LogDeterminant transform for proteins of differing amino acid composition.

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Penny, D; Hasegawa, M; Waddell, P J; Hendy, M D

1999-03-01

We explore the tree of mammalian mtDNA sequences, using particularly the LogDet transform on amino acid sequences, the distance Hadamard transform, and the Closest Tree selection criterion. The amino acid composition of different species show significant differences, even within mammals. After compensating for these differences, nearest-neighbor bootstrap results suggest that the tree is locally stable, though a few groups show slightly greater rearrangements when a large proportion of the constant sites are removed. Many parts of the trees we obtain agree with those on published protein ML trees. Interesting results include a preference for rodent monophyly. The detection of a few alternative signals to those on the optimal tree were obtained using the distance Hadamard transform (with results expressed as a Lento plot). One rearrangement suggested was the interchange of the position of primates and rodents on the optimal tree. The basic stability of the tree, combined with two calibration points (whale/cow and horse/rhinoceros), together with a distant secondary calibration from the mammal/bird divergence, allows inferences of the times of divergence of putative clades. Allowing for sampling variances due to finite sequence length, most major divergences amongst lineages leading to modern orders, appear to occur well before the Cretaceous/Tertiary (K/T) boundary. Implications arising from these early divergences are discussed, particularly the possibility of competition between the small dinosaurs and the new mammal clades.

Neanderthal behaviour, diet, and disease inferred from ancient DNA in dental calculus.

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Weyrich, Laura S; Duchene, Sebastian; Soubrier, Julien; Arriola, Luis; Llamas, Bastien; Breen, James; Morris, Alan G; Alt, Kurt W; Caramelli, David; Dresely, Veit; Farrell, Milly; Farrer, Andrew G; Francken, Michael; Gully, Neville; Haak, Wolfgang; Hardy, Karen; Harvati, Katerina; Held, Petra; Holmes, Edward C; Kaidonis, John; Lalueza-Fox, Carles; de la Rasilla, Marco; Rosas, Antonio; Semal, Patrick; Soltysiak, Arkadiusz; Townsend, Grant; Usai, Donatella; Wahl, Joachim; Huson, Daniel H; Dobney, Keith; Cooper, Alan

2017-04-20

Recent genomic data have revealed multiple interactions between Neanderthals and modern humans, but there is currently little genetic evidence regarding Neanderthal behaviour, diet, or disease. Here we describe the shotgun-sequencing of ancient DNA from five specimens of Neanderthal calcified dental plaque (calculus) and the characterization of regional differences in Neanderthal ecology. At Spy cave, Belgium, Neanderthal diet was heavily meat based and included woolly rhinoceros and wild sheep (mouflon), characteristic of a steppe environment. In contrast, no meat was detected in the diet of Neanderthals from El Sidrón cave, Spain, and dietary components of mushrooms, pine nuts, and moss reflected forest gathering. Differences in diet were also linked to an overall shift in the oral bacterial community (microbiota) and suggested that meat consumption contributed to substantial variation within Neanderthal microbiota. Evidence for self-medication was detected in an El Sidrón Neanderthal with a dental abscess and a chronic gastrointestinal pathogen (Enterocytozoon bieneusi). Metagenomic data from this individual also contained a nearly complete genome of the archaeal commensal Methanobrevibacter oralis (10.2× depth of coverage)-the oldest draft microbial genome generated to date, at around 48,000 years old. DNA preserved within dental calculus represents a notable source of information about the behaviour and health of ancient hominin specimens, as well as a unique system that is useful for the study of long-term microbial evolution.

Climate warming and humans played different roles in triggering Late Quaternary extinctions in east and west Eurasia.

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Wan, Xinru; Zhang, Zhibin

2017-03-29

Climate change and humans are proposed as the two key drivers of total extinction of many large mammals in the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene, but disentangling their relative roles remains challenging owing to a lack of quantitative evaluation of human impact and climate-driven distribution changes on the extinctions of these large mammals in a continuous temporal-spatial dimension. Here, our analyses showed that temperature change had significant effects on mammoth (genus Mammuthus ), rhinoceros (Rhinocerotidae), horse (Equidae) and deer (Cervidae). Rapid global warming was the predominant factor driving the total extinction of mammoths and rhinos in frigid zones from the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene. Humans showed significant, negative effects on extirpations of the four mammalian taxa, and were the predominant factor causing the extinction or major extirpations of rhinos and horses. Deer survived both rapid climate warming and extensive human impacts. Our study indicates that both the current rates of warming and range shifts of species are much faster than those from the Late Pleistocene to Holocene. Our results provide new insight into the extinction of Late Quaternary megafauna by demonstrating taxon-, period- and region-specific differences in extinction drivers of climate change and human disturbances, and some implications about the extinction risk of animals by recent and ongoing climate warming. © 2017 The Author(s).

Eco-epidemiological and pathological features of wildlife mortality events related to cyanobacterial bio-intoxication in the Kruger National Park, South Africa

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Roy Bengis

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Over the past decade, several clustered, multispecies, wildlife mortality events occurred in the vicinity of two man-made earthen dams in the southern and south central regions of the Kruger National Park, South Africa. On field investigation, heavy cyanobacterial blooms were visible in these impoundments and analysis of water samples showed the dominance of Microcystis spp. (probably Microcystis aeruginosa. Macroscopic lesions seen at necropsy and histopathological lesions were compatible with a diagnosis of cyanobacterial intoxication. Laboratory toxicity tests and assays also confirmed the presence of significant levels of microcystins in water from the two dams. These outbreaks occurred during the dry autumn and early winter seasons when water levels in these dams were dropping, and a common feature was that all the affected dams were supporting a large number of hippopotamuses (Hippopotamus amphibius. It is hypothesised that hippopotamus’ urine and faeces, together with agitation of the sediments, significantly contributed to internal loading of phosphates and nitrogen – leading to eutrophication of the water in these impoundments and subsequent cyanobacterial blooms. A major cause for concern was that a number of white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum were amongst the victims of these bio-intoxication events. This publication discusses the eco-epidemiology and pathology of these clustered mortalities, as well as the management options considered and eventually used to address the problem.

African wildlife conservation and the evolution of hunting institutions

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't Sas-Rolfes, Michael

2017-11-01

Hunting regulation presents a significant challenge for contemporary global conservation governance. Motivated by various incentives, hunters may act legally or illegally, for or against the interests of conservation. Hunter incentives are shaped by the interactions between unevenly evolving formal and informal institutions, embedded in socio-ecological systems. To work effectively for conservation, regulatory interventions must take these evolving institutional interactions into account. Drawing on analytical tools from evolutionary institutional economics, this article examines the trajectory of African hunting regulation and its consequences. Concepts of institutional dynamics, fit, scale, and interplay are applied to case studies of rhinoceros and lion hunting to highlight issues of significance to conservation outcomes. These include important links between different forms of hunting and dynamic interplay with institutions of trade. The case studies reveal that inappropriate formal regulatory approaches may be undermined by adaptive informal market responses. Poorly regulated hunting may lead to calls for stricter regulations or bans, but such legal restrictions may in turn perversely lead to more intensified and organised illegal hunting activity, further undermining conservation objectives. I conclude by offering insights and recommendations to guide more effective future regulatory interventions and priorities for further research. Specifically, I advocate approaches that move beyond simplistic regulatory interventions toward more complex, but supportive, institutional arrangements that align formal and informal institutions through inclusive stakeholder engagement.

Technique of semiautomatic surface reconstruction of the visible Korean human data using commercial software.

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Park, Jin Seo; Shin, Dong Sun; Chung, Min Suk; Hwang, Sung Bae; Chung, Jinoh

2007-11-01

This article describes the technique of semiautomatic surface reconstruction of anatomic structures using widely available commercial software. This technique would enable researchers to promptly and objectively perform surface reconstruction, creating three-dimensional anatomic images without any assistance from computer engineers. To develop the technique, we used data from the Visible Korean Human project, which produced digitalized photographic serial images of an entire cadaver. We selected 114 anatomic structures (skin [1], bones [32], knee joint structures [7], muscles [60], arteries [7], and nerves [7]) from the 976 anatomic images which were generated from the left lower limb of the cadaver. Using Adobe Photoshop, the selected anatomic structures in each serial image were outlined, creating a segmented image. The Photoshop files were then converted into Adobe Illustrator files to prepare isolated segmented images, so that the contours of the structure could be viewed independent of the surrounding anatomy. Using Alias Maya, these isolated segmented images were then stacked to construct a contour image. Gaps between the contour lines were filled with surfaces, and three-dimensional surface reconstruction could be visualized with Rhinoceros. Surface imperfections were then corrected to complete the three-dimensional images in Alias Maya. We believe that the three-dimensional anatomic images created by these methods will have widespread application in both medical education and research. 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc

Microbial control of arthropod pests of tropical tree fruits.

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Dolinski, Claudia; Lacey, Lawrence A

2007-01-01

A multitude of insects and mites attack fruit crops throughout the tropics. The traditional method for controlling most of these pests is the application of chemical pesticides. Growing concern on the negative environmental effects has encouraged the development of alternatives. Inundatively and inoculatively applied microbial control agents (virus, bacteria, fungi, and entomopathogenic nematodes) have been developed as alternative control methods of a wide variety of arthropods including tropical fruit pests. The majority of the research and applications in tropical fruit agroecosystems has been conducted in citrus, banana, coconut, and mango. Successful microbial control initiatives of citrus pests and mites have been reported. Microbial control of arthropod pests of banana includes banana weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus Germar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (with EPNs and fungi) among others Oryctes rhinoceros (L.) is one of the most important pests of coconut and one of the most successful uses of non-occluded virus for classical biological control. Key pests of mango that have been controlled with microbial control agents include fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) (with EPNs and fungi), and other pests. Also successful is the microbial control of arthropod pests of guava, papaya and pineapple. The challenge towards a broader application of entomopathogens is the development of successful combinations of entomopathogens, predators, and parasitoids along with other interventions to produce effective and sustainable pest management.

Temporal trends of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in eggs of coastal and offshore birds: Increasing PFAS levels associated with offshore bird species breeding on the Pacific coast of Canada and wintering near Asia.

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Miller, Aroha; Elliott, John E; Elliott, Kyle H; Lee, Sandi; Cyr, Francois

2015-08-01

Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) such as perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs) and perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFSAs) have become virtually ubiquitous throughout the environment, and, based on laboratory studies, have known toxicological consequences. Various national and international voluntary phase-outs and restrictions on these compounds have been implemented over the last 10 to 15 years. In the present study, we examine trends (1990/1991-2010/2011) in aquatic birds (ancient murrelet, Synthliboramphus antiquus [2009 only]; Leach's storm-petrels, Oceanodroma leucorhoa; rhinoceros auklets, Cerorhinca monocerata; double-crested cormorants, Phalacrocorax auritus; and great blue herons, Ardea herodias). The PFCA, PFSA, and stable isotope (δ(15) N and δ(13) C) data collected from these species from the Pacific coast of Canada, ranging over 20 to 30 years, were used to investigate temporal changes in PFAS coupled to dietary changes. Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), the dominant PFSA compound in all 4 species, increased and subsequently decreased in auklet and cormorant eggs in line with the manufacturing phase-out of PFOS and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), but concentrations continuously increased in petrel eggs and remained largely unchanged in heron eggs. Dominant PFCA compounds varied between the offshore and coastal species, with increases seen in the offshore species and little or variable changes seen in the coastal species. Little temporal change was seen in stable isotope values, indicating that diet alone is not driving observed PFAS concentrations. © 2015 SETAC.

Succession and dynamics of Pristionchus nematodes and their microbiome during decomposition of Oryctes borbonicus on La Réunion Island.

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Meyer, Jan M; Baskaran, Praveen; Quast, Christian; Susoy, Vladislav; Rödelsperger, Christian; Glöckner, Frank O; Sommer, Ralf J

2017-04-01

Insects and nematodes represent the most species-rich animal taxa and they occur together in a variety of associations. Necromenic nematodes of the genus Pristionchus are found on scarab beetles with more than 30 species known from worldwide samplings. However, little is known about the dynamics and succession of nematodes and bacteria during the decomposition of beetle carcasses. Here, we study nematode and bacterial succession of the decomposing rhinoceros beetle Oryctes borbonicus on La Réunion Island. We show that Pristionchus pacificus exits the arrested dauer stage seven days after the beetles´ deaths. Surprisingly, new dauers are seen after 11 days, suggesting that some worms return to the dauer stage after one reproductive cycle. We used high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes of decaying beetles, beetle guts and nematodes to study bacterial communities in comparison to soil. We find that soil environments have the most diverse bacterial communities. The bacterial community of living and decaying beetles are more stable but one single bacterial family dominates the microbiome of decaying beetles. In contrast, the microbiome of nematodes is relatively similar even across different families. This study represents the first characterization of the dynamics of nematode-bacterial interactions during the decomposition of insects. © 2017 Society for Applied Microbiology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Preoperative Biometric Parameters Predict the Vault after ICL Implantation: A Retrospective Clinical Study.

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Zheng, Qian-Yin; Xu, Wen; Liang, Guan-Lu; Wu, Jing; Shi, Jun-Ting

2016-01-01

To investigate the correlation between the preoperative biometric parameters of the anterior segment and the vault after implantable Collamer lens (ICL) implantation via this retrospective study. Retrospective clinical study. A total of 78 eyes from 41 patients who underwent ICL implantation surgery were included in this study. Preoperative biometric parameters, including white-to-white (WTW) diameter, central corneal thickness, keratometer, pupil diameter, anterior chamber depth, sulcus-to-sulcus diameter, anterior chamber area (ACA) and central curvature radius of the anterior surface of the lens (Lenscur), were measured. Lenscur and ACA were measured with Rhinoceros 5.0 software on the image scanned with ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM). The vault was assessed by UBM 3 months after surgery. Multiple stepwise regression analysis was employed to identify the variables that were correlated with the vault. The results showed that the vault was correlated with 3 variables: ACA (22.4 ± 4.25 mm2), WTW (11.36 ± 0.29 mm) and Lenscur (9.15 ± 1.21 mm). The regressive equation was: vault (mm) = 1.785 + 0.017 × ACA + 0.051 × Lenscur - 0.203 × WTW. Biometric parameters of the anterior segment (ACA, WTW and Lenscur) can predict the vault after ICL implantation using a new regression equation. © 2016 The Author(s) Published by S. Karger AG, Basel.

Evolutionary Conservation in Genes Underlying Human Psychiatric Disorders

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Lisa Michelle Ogawa

2014-05-01

Full Text Available Many psychiatric diseases observed in humans have tenuous or absent analogs in other species. Most notable among these are schizophrenia and autism. One hypothesis has posited that these diseases have arisen as a consequence of human brain evolution, for example, that the same processes that led to advances in cognition, language, and executive function also resulted in novel diseases in humans when dysfunctional. Here, the molecular evolution of genes associated with these and other psychiatric disorders are compared among species. Genes associated with psychiatric disorders are drawn from the literature and orthologous sequences are collected from eleven primate species (human, chimpanzee, bonobo, gorilla, orangutan, gibbon, macaque, baboon, marmoset, squirrel monkey, and galago and thirty one non-primate mammalian species. Evolutionary parameters, including dN/dS, are calculated for each gene and compared between disease classes and among species, focusing on humans and primates compared to other mammals and on large-brained taxa (cetaceans, rhinoceros, walrus, bear, and elephant compared to their small-brained sister species. Evidence of differential selection in primates supports the hypothesis that schizophrenia and autism are a cost of higher brain function. Through this work a better understanding of the molecular evolution of the human brain, the pathophysiology of disease, and the genetic basis of human psychiatric disease is gained.

RA Research reactor, Part 1, Operation and maintenance of the RA nuclear reactor for 1986; Istrazivacki nuklearni reaktor RA, deo 1, pogon i odrzavanje nukleanog reaktora RA u 1986. godini

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sotic, O; Martinc, R; Cupac, S; Sulem, B; Badrljica, R; Majstorovic, D; Sanovic, V [Institute of Nuclear Sciences Boris Kidric, Vinca, Beograd (Serbia and Montenegro)

1986-12-01

In order to enable future reliable operation of the RA reactor, according to new licensing regulations, three major tasks started in 1984 were fulfilled: building of the new emergency system, reconstruction of the existing ventilation system, and reconstruction of the power supply system. Simultaneously in 1985/1986 renewal of the instrumentation and reconstruction of the system for handling and storage of the spent fuel in the reactor building have started. Design projects for these tasks are almost finished and the reconstruction of both systems is expected to be finished until 1988 and mid 1989 respectively. RA reactor Safety report was finished according to the recommendations of the IAEA. Investments in 1986 were used for 8000 kg of heavy water, maintenance of reactor systems and supply of new components, reconstruction of reactor systems. This report includes 8 annexes concerning reactor operation, activities of services and financial issues. [Serbo-Croat] Sa ciljem da se obezbedi pouzdan rad reaktora RA a u skladu sa zakonskim propisima, zavrsena su tri velika zahvata zapoceta 1984: izgradnja novog sistema za udesno hladjenje, rekonstrukcija postojeceg sistema za ventilaciju, i modernizacija reaktorske instrumentacije. Istovremeno tokom 1985/1986. zapoceta je modernizacija instrumentacije i rekonstrukcija sistema za rukovanje i skladistenje iskoriscenog goriva u zgradi reaktora. Projekti za navedene radove su vec zavrseni ili su u zavrsnoj fazi, a ocekuje se da ce rekonstrukcija oba sistema biti zavrsena do kraja 1988. odnosno sredine 1989. godine. Izrada izvestaja o sigurnosti reaktora RA, prema preporukama MAAE zavrsena je 1986. Investiciona ulaganja na reaktoru Ra u 1986. iskoriscena su za: nabavku 8000 kg teske vode, za investiciono odrzavanje reaktorskih sistema i nabavku opreme, za rekonstrukciju reaktorskih sistema. Ovaj izvestaj sadrzi 8 priloga koji opisuju rad reaktora, rad strucnih sluzbi i finansiranje.

Gezgin satıcı problemi için yeni bir meta-sezgisel: kör fare algoritması

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Tevfik YILDIRIM

2016-02-01

Full Text Available Gezgin Satıcı Problemi (GSP, başlangıç ve bitiş şehirleri aynı olan ve her şehrin sadece bir kez ziyaret edildiği minimum mesafeli turu bulma problemidir. Şehir sayısı arttıkça, kesin yöntemler ile kabul edilebilir sürelerde bir optimum çözüm bulunması zordur. Bu nedenle, son elli yılda GSP’nin çözümü için doğadan ve biyolojiden esinlenen birçok meta-sezgisel yöntem geliştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, toprak altındaki bireysel tünel sistemlerinde yaşayan kör farelerin toprak altındaki engelleri geçme stratejisinden esinlenilerek GSP’nin çözümü için yeni bir meta-sezgisel tasarlanmıştır. Geliştirilen yönteme Kör Fare Algoritması adı verilmiştir. Bu yeni sezgisel ile farklı boyutlardaki simetrik test veri setleri için deneyler yapılmış ve sonuçları bilinen en iyi sonuçlar ile kıyaslanmıştır. Önerilen meta-sezgisel henüz literatürdeki diğer algoritmalarla yarışabilecek düzeyde olmamasına rağmen, başlangıç test çözümlerinin umut verici olduğu söylenebilir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Gezgin satıcı problemi, Kombinatoryel eniyileme, Meta-Sezgisel, Kör fare algoritması

Zaštita pomorskog dobra u Republici Hrvatskoj

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Vinko Hlača

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Pomorsko dobro oduvijek je bio prostor koji je kao najinteresantniji dio teritorija svake države, pa i Republike Hrvatske, bio izložen najrazličitijim nasrtajima (primjerice izgradnja marina, apartmanskih naselja, nasipanja mora i sl.. Granica pomorskog dobra počela je biti jako važna onoga časa kada su se na morskoj obali masovnije počeli graditi raznorazni objekti (vikendice, luke, plaže, turistički objekti i sl.. U Republici Hrvatskoj pomorsko dobro je opće dobro na kojem vlast ima država te ona za njega brine, održava ga i odgovara za njega. Prema mnijenju autora do sada se postupak određivanja granice pomorskog dobra te njezino evidentiranje u katastar i zemljišnu knjigu ne može ocijeniti zadovoljavajućom ocjenom. Ako se ima na umu da je prostor koji danas zauzima Republika Hrvatska često kroz povijest mijenjao državnu pripadnost onda i ne čudi anarhija na pomorskom dobru koja traje do danas. Stoga, sve do danas nije (razriješen problem stečenih prava na pomorskom dobru. Autori daju prikaz stvarnih prava za koja su mnijenja da se mogu smatrati stečenim na pravno valjan način. Nadalje, prikazuje se pravorijek Trgovačkog suda u Rijeci koji je razriješio (nevlasničke odnose u luci posebne namjene – brodogradilištu kao i pravorijek Visokog trgovačkog suda Republike Hrvatske koji je razmatrao razlučna prava na narečenoj luci posebne namjene. Na kraju rada autori iznose svoj stav na razmatranoj problematici te moguća rješenja de lege ferenda.

Detection of tritium in the air surrounding the heavy water reactors; Elementi detekcije tricijuma u vazduhu kod teskovodnih nuklearnih reaktora

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ninkovic, M; Matic-Vukmirovic, Z; Hadzisehovic, M [Institute of Nuclear Sciences Boris Kidric, Vinca, Beograd (Serbia and Montenegro)

1967-03-15

This paper contains the study of the literature concerned with physical properties of the tritium, problems of detection control of the tritium level in the atmosphere in the vicinity of heavy water reactors. It is stated that a complete and efficient control of tritium activity, from radiation protection point of view can be achieved only by simultaneous triple measurements: direct measurement of tritium in the air by stationary or movable instruments; air sampling and measurement of activity by laboratory instrumentation; and measurement of tritium in the bio-material of the personnel who have inhaled air contaminated with tritium. Laboratory equipment was adapted for tritium detection in air samples. A method for measuring the specific tritium activity was developed and implemented. The tritium level and distribution in the air were measured during exchange of the fuel channel in the RA reactor. The obtained results indicate that tritium could be dangerous for the staff involved. Proucena je literatura u kojoj se tretiraju osnovne fizicke karakteristike tricijuma, kao i problemi detekcije i kontrole u vazduhu kod teskovodnih nuklearnih reaktora. Utvrdjeno je da kompletna i efikasna kontrola aktivnosti tricijuma, sa aspekta zastite od zracenja, moze biti ostvarena samo ako se vrse istovremeno trostruka merenja: merenje aktivnosti tricijuma u vazduhu direktno, prenosnim ili stacioniranim instrumentima; uzimanje uzoraka vazduha i merenje aktivnosti na laboratorijskoj aparaturi; i merenje aktivnosti tricijuma u biomaterijalu osoblja koje je udisalo vazduh kontaminiran tricijumom. Izvrsena je adaptacija laboratorijske aparature za potrebe detekcije tricijuma u uzorcima vazduha. Razradjen je i uhodan postupak merenja koncentracije aktivnosti tricijuma u uzorcima vazduha. Izvrsena su merenja i dobijeni su rezultati o nivou i raspodeli tricijuma u vazduhu pri operaciji zamene kanala sa gorivom na reaktoru RA u Vinci. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na opasnost koju po radno

Primer uticaja filtriranja slike u sistemima za praćenje ciljeva primenom termovizije / An example of image filtering in target tracking systems with thermal imagery

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Zvonko M. Radosavljević

2003-07-01

Full Text Available U radu je dat primer primene jedne vrste niskofrekventnog filtriranja sa usrednjavanjem, koje se primenjuje u sistemima za detekciju i praćenje ciljeva u vazdušnom prostoru primenom termovizije. Date su dve metode filtriranja slike. Prva metoda koristi niskofrekventno konvoluciono filtriranje a druga usrednjavajući filtar na osnovu srednje vrednosti nivoa sivog. Ovi filtri su primenjeni u sistemima za praćenje uz pomoć infracrvenih senzora. Određivanje nivoa praga filtriranja vrši se uz pomoć statističkih osobina slike. Veoma važan korak u procesu praćenja je određivanje prozora praćenja, koji maze biti, po dimenzijama, fiksan ili adaptibilan. Pogrešna procena o postojanju cilja u prozoru može se doneti u slučaju prisustva šuma pozadine, predpojačavača, detektora, itd. Filtriranje je neophodan korak u ovim sistemima, kao značajan činilac U povećanju brzine i tačnosti praćenja. / A case of image filtering in air target detecting and tracking systems is described in this paper. Two image filtering methods are given. The first method is performed using a low pass convolving filter and the second one uses the mean value of gray level filter. The main goal of the cited filtering is implementation in IR (infra red systems. Some statistical features of the images were used for selecting the threshold level. The next step in the algorithm is the determination of a 'tracking window' that can be fixed or adaptive in size. A false estimation of a target existing in the window may be influenced by the background noise, low noise amplifier detector, etc.

Babesia bicornis sp. nov. and Theileria bicornis sp. nov.: Tick-Borne Parasites Associated with Mortality in the Black Rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis)

Science.gov (United States)

Nijhof, Ard M.; Penzhorn, Banie L.; Lynen, Godelieve; Mollel, Johnson O.; Morkel, Pete; Bekker, Cornelis P. J.; Jongejan, Frans

2003-01-01

A novel Babesia species, designated Babesia bicornis sp. nov., was identified in three black rhinoceroses (Diceros bicornis) that died in wildlife areas in Tanzania and South Africa. Screening of black rhinoceroses in South Africa revealed, in addition to B. bicornis, a second parasite, designated Theileria bicornis sp. nov. PMID:12734294

Babesia bicornis sp. nov. and Theileria bicornis sp. nov.: Tick-Borne Parasites Associated with Mortality in the Black Rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis)

OpenAIRE

Nijhof, Ard M.; Penzhorn, Banie L.; Lynen, Godelieve; Mollel, Johnson O.; Morkel, Pete; Bekker, Cornelis P. J.; Jongejan, Frans

2003-01-01

A novel Babesia species, designated Babesia bicornis sp. nov., was identified in three black rhinoceroses (Diceros bicornis) that died in wildlife areas in Tanzania and South Africa. Screening of black rhinoceroses in South Africa revealed, in addition to B. bicornis, a second parasite, designated Theileria bicornis sp. nov.

Insights into the development and evolution of exaggerated traits using de novo transcriptomes of two species of horned scarab beetles.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ian A Warren

Full Text Available Scarab beetles exhibit an astonishing variety of rigid exo-skeletal outgrowths, known as "horns". These traits are often sexually dimorphic and vary dramatically across species in size, shape, location, and allometry with body size. In many species, the horn exhibits disproportionate growth resulting in an exaggerated allometric relationship with body size, as compared to other traits, such as wings, that grow proportionately with body size. Depending on the species, the smallest males either do not produce a horn at all, or they produce a disproportionately small horn for their body size. While the diversity of horn shapes and their behavioural ecology have been reasonably well studied, we know far less about the proximate mechanisms that regulate horn growth. Thus, using 454 pyrosequencing, we generated transcriptome profiles, during horn growth and development, in two different scarab beetle species: the Asian rhinoceros beetle, Trypoxylus dichotomus, and the dung beetle, Onthophagus nigriventris. We obtained over half a million reads for each species that were assembled into over 6,000 and 16,000 contigs respectively. We combined these data with previously published studies to look for signatures of molecular evolution. We found a small subset of genes with horn-biased expression showing evidence for recent positive selection, as is expected with sexual selection on horn size. We also found evidence of relaxed selection present in genes that demonstrated biased expression between horned and horn-less morphs, consistent with the theory of developmental decoupling of phenotypically plastic traits.

Digital Surveillance: A Novel Approach to Monitoring the Illegal Wildlife Trade

Science.gov (United States)

Joly, Damien; Mekaru, Sumiko; Brownstein, John S.

2012-01-01

A dearth of information obscures the true scale of the global illegal trade in wildlife. Herein, we introduce an automated web crawling surveillance system developed to monitor reports on illegally traded wildlife. A resource for enforcement officials as well as the general public, the freely available website, http://www.healthmap.org/wildlifetrade, provides a customizable visualization of worldwide reports on interceptions of illegally traded wildlife and wildlife products. From August 1, 2010 to July 31, 2011, publicly available English language illegal wildlife trade reports from official and unofficial sources were collected and categorized by location and species involved. During this interval, 858 illegal wildlife trade reports were collected from 89 countries. Countries with the highest number of reports included India (n = 146, 15.6%), the United States (n = 143, 15.3%), South Africa (n = 75, 8.0%), China (n = 41, 4.4%), and Vietnam (n = 37, 4.0%). Species reported as traded or poached included elephants (n = 107, 12.5%), rhinoceros (n = 103, 12.0%), tigers (n = 68, 7.9%), leopards (n = 54, 6.3%), and pangolins (n = 45, 5.2%). The use of unofficial data sources, such as online news sites and social networks, to collect information on international wildlife trade augments traditional approaches drawing on official reporting and presents a novel source of intelligence with which to monitor and collect news in support of enforcement against this threat to wildlife conservation worldwide. PMID:23236444

Digital surveillance: a novel approach to monitoring the illegal wildlife trade.

Science.gov (United States)

Sonricker Hansen, Amy L; Li, Annie; Joly, Damien; Mekaru, Sumiko; Brownstein, John S

2012-01-01

A dearth of information obscures the true scale of the global illegal trade in wildlife. Herein, we introduce an automated web crawling surveillance system developed to monitor reports on illegally traded wildlife. A resource for enforcement officials as well as the general public, the freely available website, http://www.healthmap.org/wildlifetrade, provides a customizable visualization of worldwide reports on interceptions of illegally traded wildlife and wildlife products. From August 1, 2010 to July 31, 2011, publicly available English language illegal wildlife trade reports from official and unofficial sources were collected and categorized by location and species involved. During this interval, 858 illegal wildlife trade reports were collected from 89 countries. Countries with the highest number of reports included India (n = 146, 15.6%), the United States (n = 143, 15.3%), South Africa (n = 75, 8.0%), China (n = 41, 4.4%), and Vietnam (n = 37, 4.0%). Species reported as traded or poached included elephants (n = 107, 12.5%), rhinoceros (n = 103, 12.0%), tigers (n = 68, 7.9%), leopards (n = 54, 6.3%), and pangolins (n = 45, 5.2%). The use of unofficial data sources, such as online news sites and social networks, to collect information on international wildlife trade augments traditional approaches drawing on official reporting and presents a novel source of intelligence with which to monitor and collect news in support of enforcement against this threat to wildlife conservation worldwide.

Self-heating by large insect larvae?

Science.gov (United States)

Cooley, Nikita L; Emlen, Douglas J; Woods, H Arthur

2016-12-01

Do insect larvae ever self-heat significantly from their own metabolic activity and, if so, under what sets of environmental temperatures and across what ranges of body size? We examine these questions using larvae of the Japanese rhinoceros beetle (Trypoxylus dichotomus), chosen for their large size (>20g), simple body plan, and underground lifestyle. Using CO 2 respirometry, we measured larval metabolic rates then converted measured rates of gas exchange into rates of heat production and developed a mathematical model to predict how much steady state body temperatures of underground insects would increase above ambient depending on body size. Collectively, our results suggest that large, extant larvae (20-30g body mass) can self-heat by at most 2°C, and under many common conditions (shallow depths, moister soils) would self-heat by less than 1°C. By extending the model to even larger (hypothetical) body sizes, we show that underground insects with masses >1kg could heat, in warm, dry soils, by 1.5-6°C or more. Additional experiments showed that larval critical thermal maxima (CT max ) were in excess of 43.5°C and that larvae could behaviorally thermoregulate on a thermal gradient bar. Together, these results suggest that large larvae living underground likely regulate their temperatures primarily using behavior; self-heating by metabolism likely contributes little to their heat budgets, at least in most common soil conditions. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Insights into the development and evolution of exaggerated traits using de novo transcriptomes of two species of horned scarab beetles.

Science.gov (United States)

Warren, Ian A; Vera, J Cristobal; Johns, Annika; Zinna, Robert; Marden, James H; Emlen, Douglas J; Dworkin, Ian; Lavine, Laura C

2014-01-01

Scarab beetles exhibit an astonishing variety of rigid exo-skeletal outgrowths, known as "horns". These traits are often sexually dimorphic and vary dramatically across species in size, shape, location, and allometry with body size. In many species, the horn exhibits disproportionate growth resulting in an exaggerated allometric relationship with body size, as compared to other traits, such as wings, that grow proportionately with body size. Depending on the species, the smallest males either do not produce a horn at all, or they produce a disproportionately small horn for their body size. While the diversity of horn shapes and their behavioural ecology have been reasonably well studied, we know far less about the proximate mechanisms that regulate horn growth. Thus, using 454 pyrosequencing, we generated transcriptome profiles, during horn growth and development, in two different scarab beetle species: the Asian rhinoceros beetle, Trypoxylus dichotomus, and the dung beetle, Onthophagus nigriventris. We obtained over half a million reads for each species that were assembled into over 6,000 and 16,000 contigs respectively. We combined these data with previously published studies to look for signatures of molecular evolution. We found a small subset of genes with horn-biased expression showing evidence for recent positive selection, as is expected with sexual selection on horn size. We also found evidence of relaxed selection present in genes that demonstrated biased expression between horned and horn-less morphs, consistent with the theory of developmental decoupling of phenotypically plastic traits.

Herds Overhead: Nimbadon lavarackorum (Diprotodontidae), Heavyweight Marsupial Herbivores in the Miocene Forests of Australia

Science.gov (United States)

Black, Karen H.; Camens, Aaron B.; Archer, Michael; Hand, Suzanne J.

2012-01-01

The marsupial family Diprotodontidae (Diprotodontia, Vombatiformes) is a group of extinct large-bodied (60–2500 kg) wombat-like herbivores that were common and geographically widespread in Cenozoic fossil deposits of Australia and New Guinea. Typically they are regarded to be gregarious, terrestrial quadrupeds and have been likened in body form among placental groups to sheep, rhinoceros and hippopotami. Arguably, one of the best represented species is the zygomaturine diprotodontid Nimbadon lavarackorum which is known from exceptionally well-preserved cranial and postcranial material from the middle Miocene cave deposit AL90, in the Riversleigh World Heritage Area, northwestern Queensland. Here we describe and functionally analyse the appendicular skeleton of Nimbadon lavarackorum and reveal a far more unique lifestyle for this plesiomorphic and smallest of diprotodontids. Striking similarities are evident between the skeleton of Nimbadon and that of the extant arboreal koala Phascolarctos cinereus, including the powerfully built forelimbs, highly mobile shoulder and elbow joints, proportionately large manus and pes (both with a semi-opposable digit I) and exceedingly large, recurved and laterally compressed claws. Combined with the unique (among australidelphians) proportionately shortened hindlimbs of Nimbadon, these features suggest adept climbing ability, probable suspensory behaviour, and an arboreal lifestyle. At approximately 70 kg, Nimbadon is the largest herbivorous mammal to have occupied the forest canopies of Australia - an ecological niche that is no longer occupied in any Australian ecosystem and one that further expands the already significant niche diversity displayed by marsupials during the Cenozoic. PMID:23185250

Herds overhead: Nimbadon lavarackorum (Diprotodontidae, heavyweight marsupial herbivores in the Miocene forests of Australia.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Karen H Black

Full Text Available The marsupial family Diprotodontidae (Diprotodontia, Vombatiformes is a group of extinct large-bodied (60-2500 kg wombat-like herbivores that were common and geographically widespread in Cenozoic fossil deposits of Australia and New Guinea. Typically they are regarded to be gregarious, terrestrial quadrupeds and have been likened in body form among placental groups to sheep, rhinoceros and hippopotami. Arguably, one of the best represented species is the zygomaturine diprotodontid Nimbadon lavarackorum which is known from exceptionally well-preserved cranial and postcranial material from the middle Miocene cave deposit AL90, in the Riversleigh World Heritage Area, northwestern Queensland. Here we describe and functionally analyse the appendicular skeleton of Nimbadon lavarackorum and reveal a far more unique lifestyle for this plesiomorphic and smallest of diprotodontids. Striking similarities are evident between the skeleton of Nimbadon and that of the extant arboreal koala Phascolarctos cinereus, including the powerfully built forelimbs, highly mobile shoulder and elbow joints, proportionately large manus and pes (both with a semi-opposable digit I and exceedingly large, recurved and laterally compressed claws. Combined with the unique (among australidelphians proportionately shortened hindlimbs of Nimbadon, these features suggest adept climbing ability, probable suspensory behaviour, and an arboreal lifestyle. At approximately 70 kg, Nimbadon is the largest herbivorous mammal to have occupied the forest canopies of Australia - an ecological niche that is no longer occupied in any Australian ecosystem and one that further expands the already significant niche diversity displayed by marsupials during the Cenozoic.

Digital surveillance: a novel approach to monitoring the illegal wildlife trade.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Amy L Sonricker Hansen

Full Text Available A dearth of information obscures the true scale of the global illegal trade in wildlife. Herein, we introduce an automated web crawling surveillance system developed to monitor reports on illegally traded wildlife. A resource for enforcement officials as well as the general public, the freely available website, http://www.healthmap.org/wildlifetrade, provides a customizable visualization of worldwide reports on interceptions of illegally traded wildlife and wildlife products. From August 1, 2010 to July 31, 2011, publicly available English language illegal wildlife trade reports from official and unofficial sources were collected and categorized by location and species involved. During this interval, 858 illegal wildlife trade reports were collected from 89 countries. Countries with the highest number of reports included India (n = 146, 15.6%, the United States (n = 143, 15.3%, South Africa (n = 75, 8.0%, China (n = 41, 4.4%, and Vietnam (n = 37, 4.0%. Species reported as traded or poached included elephants (n = 107, 12.5%, rhinoceros (n = 103, 12.0%, tigers (n = 68, 7.9%, leopards (n = 54, 6.3%, and pangolins (n = 45, 5.2%. The use of unofficial data sources, such as online news sites and social networks, to collect information on international wildlife trade augments traditional approaches drawing on official reporting and presents a novel source of intelligence with which to monitor and collect news in support of enforcement against this threat to wildlife conservation worldwide.

Photographic Atlas and Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of the Holotype Skull of Euhelopus zdanskyi with Description of Additional Cranial Elements

Science.gov (United States)

Poropat, Stephen F.; Kear, Benjamin P.

2013-01-01

Background Euhelopus zdanskyi is one of relatively few sauropod taxa known from an almost complete skull and mandible. Recent phylogenetic analyses suggest that Euhelopus is a somphospondylan titanosauriform, and that it is a member of the clade (Euhelopodidae) which is the sister taxon to the hugely successful, dominantly Cretaceous sauropod group Titanosauria. Methodology/Principal Findings The skull elements of Euhelopus were CT scanned at Uppsala Akademiska Sjukhuset. Three-dimensional models of the elements were constructed from the DICOM data using Mimics 14.0, InVesalius 3.0, and GeoMagic Studio 2012, the skull was rearticulated in Rhinoceros 4.0, and the final version was rendered in GeoMagic Studio 2012. Conclusions/Significance The fact that relatively complete sauropod skulls are so rare in the fossil record, particularly among titanosauriforms, means that the skulls that are known should be as thoroughly described and well-illustrated as possible. This contribution supplements previous descriptions of the cranial elements of Euhelopus, one of the few euhelopodid taxa for which cranial material is known, by presenting a comprehensive photographic atlas of the skull elements to facilitate a better understanding of their morphology. We describe several elements which have been overlooked in past studies of Euhelopus, and also provide as accurate a reconstruction of the skull as possible (in the absence of the braincase), the most significant components of which are the articulations of the palate and the mandible. PMID:24278222

Descriptive study of damage caused by the rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes agamemnon, and its influence on date palm oases of Rjim Maatoug, Tunisia.

Science.gov (United States)

Soltani, Rasmi; Lkbel, Chaieb; Habib Ben Hamouda, Med

2008-01-01

Oryctes agamemnon (Burmeister 1847) (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) was accidentally introduced in the southwestern oases of Tunisia (Tozeur) around 1980 and spread to the Rjim Maatoug region. In these areas O. agamemnon was specific to date palm trees causing severe damage that can result in potential danger due to collapse of the tree. This study was conducted from April 2004 to March 2006 in 4 sites in the region of Rjim Maatoug. Different levels of palm tree attack were determined, ovioposition sites were identified, and pest damage was described in detail to specify their relative importance and to indicate factors governing palm tree attack. Eggs were individually oviposited in the attacked parts. Dead parts of palm trees were the main target of O. agamemnon including the respiratory roots, tough, trunk bark, dry petiole and the periphery of the crown. The crown itself was not attacked. Feeding by larvae caused significant damage. The biggest danger occurred when heavy attacks of larvae invaded the respiratory roots at the level of the soil, and secondarily on the periphery of the crown, which can result in fungal diseases. Several cases of Deglet Nour date palm tree collapse were caused by this pest in Rjim Maatoug. Attacks on other parts of the tree were without danger for the palm tree. In the absence of pest management, application of a quarantine program combined with field cultivation techniques could help farmers significantly decrease attack of O. agamemnon on palm trees.

Snakebites notified to the poison control center of Morocco between 2009 and 2013.

Science.gov (United States)

Chafiq, Fouad; El Hattimy, Faiçal; Rhalem, Naima; Chippaux, Jean-Philippe; Soulaymani, Abdelmajid; Mokhtari, Abdelrhani; Soulaymani-Bencheikh, Rachida

2016-01-01

Snakebites cause considerable death and injury throughout the globe, particularly in tropical regions, and pose an important yet neglected threat to public health. In 2008, the Centre Anti Poison et de Parmacovigilance du Maroc (CAPM) started to set up a specific strategy for the control of snakebites that was formalized in 2012. The aim of the present study is to describe and update the epidemiological characteristics of snakebites notified to CAPM between 2009 and 2013. This retrospective five-year study included all cases of snakebites notified to CAPM by mail or phone. During the study period, 873 snakebite cases were reported to CAPM, an average incidence of 2.65 cases per 100,000 inhabitants with 218 cases each year. The highest incidence was found in Tangier-Tetouan region with 357 cases (40.9 %) followed by Souss Massa Draa region with 128 cases (14.6 %). The average age of patients was 26.8 ± 17.2 years. The male to female sex ratio was 1.67:1 and 77 % of cases occurred in rural areas. The bites occurred mainly in spring (44 %) followed by summer (42 %). Snake species was identified in 54 cases (6.2 %): colubrids represented 31 % (n = 18) and vipers 67 % (n = 36), mainly Daboia mauritanica, Bitis arietans and Cerastes cerastes. In 311 cases (35.6 %), the patients showed viper syndrome. Thrombocytopenia was observed in 23.5 % of viper syndrome cases, whereas, compartment syndrome was observed in 7.6 % patients. FAV-Afrique® was administered in 41 patients (5 %). In patients treated with antivenom, 38 patients recovered and three died. Twenty-seven deaths were reported (3.9 %). Despite specific efforts to better understand the epidemiology of snakebites in Morocco (incidence, severity, snake species involved), it remains underestimated. Therefore, further work is still necessary to ensure accessibility of appropriate antivenom against venomous species and to improve the management of envenomation in Morocco.

New records of the Gannet Morus bassanus in Slovenia / Novi podatki o strmoglavcih Morus bassanus v Sloveniji

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Genov Tilen

2014-11-01

Full Text Available Strmoglavec Morus bassanus je razširjen v Severnem Atlantiku in Severnem morju, predvsem pozimi pa del populacije vstopa tudi v zahodno Sredozemlje. V vzhodnem Sredozemlju je občutno redkejši, njegov status v Jadranskem morju pa ni povsem razjasnjen. V Sloveniji so bila doslej zabeležena tri opažanja. V pričujočem delu podajava dve novi opažanji strmoglavca v Sloveniji in kratek pregled pojavljanja na območju Jadrana. Prvič sva vrsto zabeležila 9. 6. 2014, 5,7 km od Pirana (45°34.161‘ N; 13°31.124‘ E. Šlo je za dve odrasli ptici in dva nezrela osebka v drugem koledarskem letu. Drugič, in sicer 4. 8. 2014, 5,5 km od Pirana (45°33.936‘ N; 13°30.943‘ E in le 480 m od predhodne lokacije, pa sva zabeležila en osebek v drugem koledarskem letu. V obeh opažanjih je bilo skupaj posnetih 71 fotografij. Oba podatka je potrdila Komisija za redkosti. Ti novi podatki imajo za Slovenijo velik pomen, saj gre za 1 4. in 5. opažanje te vrste pri nas; 2 prvi opažanji, dokumentirani s kvalitetnimi fotografijami in 3 prvo opažanje več osebkov ter odraslih ptic. Pojavljanje strmoglavcev na Jadranu je razmeroma redko, bolj pogosti so v severozahodnem delu regije. Globalna populacija je v zadnjem stoletju naraščala, zato utegnejo biti nova opažanja rezultat širitve areala, čeprav so lahko tudi posledica večjega opazovalnega napora v zadnjih letih. Ker so nezreli osebki manj prepoznavni kot odrasli, je možno, da so na tem območju pogostejši, kot smo mislili doslej. Prihodnje raziskave utegnejo dati odgovore na vprašanja statusa strmoglavcev v Tržaškem zalivu in severnem Jadranu ter morebitnih sprememb v pogostosti pojavljanja

Review of problems and methods for radiation risk assessment in the environment of a nuclear power plant; Pregled problematike in metodologije ocenjivanja radijacijske nevarnosti za okolico nuklearne elektrane

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Grgic, M [Nuklearni institut ' Jozef Stefan' , Ljubljana (Yugoslavia)

1966-07-01

Radiation impact on the nuclear power plant environment is a very important problem which has to be solved during design and construction. Damage that could be caused by release of radioactive material into the environment should be estimated and the magnitude of nuclear and radiation risk of the power plant should be evaluated. In general the accuracy of estimation is rather poor due to statistical fluctuations of the conditions which influence radioactivity expansion in the environment, especially in the air. Different uncertainties and unresolved problems influence the inaccuracy. Since any real risk should be extremely small compared to potential risk i.e. risk induced by nuclear power plant without any safety measures, even inaccurate estimations are very useful. Method for environmental radiation risk assessment is based on relatively simple models of radiation expansion in the environment and in the air. These models are theoretically solved but they are based on relatively limited number of experimental data. Assessment of the radiation effects on the population health and mortality is an important problem. [Slovenian] Radiacijska nevarnost za okolico nuklearne elektrarne je zelo vazen problem, ki ga je treba resiti ze pri projektiranju in gradnji. Treba je oceniti skodo, ki bi jo povzrocila v okolici neka dolocena sprostitev radioaktivnosti in na osnovi tega dimenzionirati ukrepe nuklearne in radiacijske varnosti same elektrarne. Natancnost ocenjevanja je v splosnem zelo slaba. Temu so v precejsnji meri krive statisticne fluktuacije pogojev, ki vplivajo na razsirjanje radioaktivnosti v okolici, ziasti po zraku. Na nenatancnost pa vplivajo tudi razne nejasnosti in se nereseni problemi. Ken pa mora biti dejanska nevarnost izredno majhna v primerjavi s potencialne nevarnostjo oziroma z nevannostjo, ki bi jo predstavjala nuklearna elektrarna, ce bi zanemarili vse varnostne ukrepe, so tudi taksne nenatancne ocene zelo koristne. Metode ocenjevanja radiacijske

Bespilotne letelice zapadnih zemalja / Unmanned aircraft of Western countries

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Slavko Pokorni

2002-11-01

Full Text Available Trend sve češće primene bespilotnih letelica biće nastavljen nesumnjivo, i tokom ove decenije. U vezi s tim stiče se utisak da će razvoj borbenih bespilotnih letilica biti u usponu. Mada je u proteklom periodu težište bilo na razvoju bespilotnih letilica za vojne primene (gde su ulagana velika sredstva, a civilni sektor je, uglavnom, koristio rezultate razvoja vojnih bespilotnih letelica, u narednom periodu se očekuje porast ulaganja i u razvoj bespilotnih letelica u civilnom sektoru. Bespilotne letelice su imale značajnu ulogu u zadacima koje su obavljale multinacionalne snage u toku rata u Bosni i Hercegovini i agresije NATO-a na SRJ, pa je poznavanje karakteristika bespilotnih letelica, za pripadnike Vojske, od velikog značaja. U sažetom tabelarnom pregledu prikazani su podatci o bespilotnim letelicama uglavnom proizvođača iz zapadnih zemalja, što ne znači da ih ne proizvode i druge zemlje, posebno Ruska federacija kao i neke susedne zemlje (Bugarska, Hrvatska. / The increasingly frequent use of unmanned aircraft will continue unabated throughout this decade. About that the impression is that the development of combat drones will rise. Although in the past period the focus was on the development of unmanned military vehicles (where large funds were invested, and the civil sector used mainly the development of military drones, in the coming period, investment in the development of unmanned aircraft in the civil sector is expected . Unmanned aircraft played a significant role in the tasks performed by multinational forces during the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina and NATO aggression in the FR Yugoslavia, so the knowledge of the characteristics of drones for members of the Army is of great importance. The summary table shows the data on unmanned aircraft mainly manufactured from Western countries, which does not mean that they are not produced by other countries, especially the Russian Federation as well as some neighboring

Projekt języka czarnogórskiego

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Jerzy Molas

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Draft of the Montenegrin language The authors of the grammar of the Montenegrin language (Gramatika crnogorskoga jezika, Podgorica 2010 have constructed a linguistic system which definitely stands apart from other standards which grew out from the Shtokavian dialects. Such elements as phonemes |ś| and |ź|, potencijal imperfekta, the negative form of the verb biti, the doublets of the forms of the verb htjeti // šćeti, lexemes with results of iotacismes make up – against the Bosnian, Croatian, and Serbian languages – a separate system both in terms of quality and quantity: potentially they are so frequent that would radically change the picture of Montenegrin texts with regard to the “classic” Shtokavian languages/dialects. In addition, the authors have managed to not go too far and have avoided a temptation to introduce into the system more specific characteristics, which have not been used by the modern language for a long time, such as, for example, the expanded form of the adjectival conjugation of the Njegošowski type: momci prsih vatrenijeh czy raniš od Vidova dana junačkijem i konjskijem mesom gavranove i mrke vukove! or phoneme |з|. In addition, it would also be difficult to specify the elements, which would prove unequivocally the tendency of the proposed Montenegrin standard becoming similar to one of the remaining Shtokavian languages. The weakness of the project is its potential nature. In case of the grammar, one cannot speak about the descriptive nature thereof. It is a proposal of the norm and the standard, which can genuinely come into existence solely given the support of the political elites and on the basis of their introduction into the educational and administrative system, as well as – which is most probably the most important and the most difficult aspect – given the goodwill of the decisive majority of the users of the Montenegrin language, which at the current point is rather out of the question.

Testing the effects of perimeter fencing and elephant exclosures on lion predation patterns in a Kenyan wildlife conservancy.

Science.gov (United States)

Dupuis-Desormeaux, Marc; Davidson, Zeke; Pratt, Laura; Mwololo, Mary; MacDonald, Suzanne E

2016-01-01

The use of fences to segregate wildlife can change predator and prey behaviour. Predators can learn to incorporate fencing into their hunting strategies and prey can learn to avoid foraging near fences. A twelve-strand electric predator-proof fence surrounds our study site. There are also porous one-strand electric fences used to create exclosures where elephant (and giraffe) cannot enter in order to protect blocs of browse vegetation for two critically endangered species, the black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) and the Grevy's zebra (Equus grevyi). The denser vegetation in these exclosures attracts both browsing prey and ambush predators. In this study we examined if lion predation patterns differed near the perimeter fencing and inside the elephant exclosures by mapping the location of kills. We used a spatial analysis to compare the predation patterns near the perimeter fencing and inside the exclosures to predation in the rest of the conservancy. Predation was not over-represented near the perimeter fence but the pattern of predation near the fence suggests that fences may be a contributing factor to predation success. Overall, we found that predation was over-represented inside and within 50 m of the exclosures. However, by examining individual exclosures in greater detail using a hot spot analysis, we found that only a few exclosures contained lion predation hot spots. Although some exclosures provide good hunting grounds for lions, we concluded that exclosures did not necessarily create prey-traps per se and that managers could continue to use this type of exclusionary fencing to protect stands of dense vegetation.

The reproductive success of black rhinoceroses in the Hluhluwe–iMfolozi Park, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

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Zoliswa N. Nhleko

2017-11-01

Full Text Available Black rhinoceroses (Diceros bicornis are endangered and the southern-central sub-species (Diceros bicornis minor is considered critically endangered. We assessed the reproductive lifehistories of black rhinoceroses in Hluhluwe–iMfolozi Park (HiP, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, to determine whether this historically important donor sub-population was meeting regional reproductive targets. Detailed life-history information for known individuals (n = 79–120 was used to investigate reproductive parameters between 1998 and 2013. Mean age at sexual maturity was 12 years, which exceeded a target period of 7 years and 5 months. The mean inter-calving interval was 3 years and 8 months – 8 months longer than the recommended 3 years. The poor population performance of the HiP black rhinoceroses could be a result of poor habitat quality, poor animal condition, females losing their first calves, predation of calves or a negative social effect of annual live-harvesting of the population. However, we believe that the estimated ecological carrying capacity of black rhinoceroses at HiP (a figure used to ascertain whether the population can be harvested at all may be incorrect, leading to the poor reproductive performance. We recommend that the accuracy of the ecological carrying capacity estimate be assessed as a matter of urgency and that a moratorium be placed on the live-harvesting of individuals until the estimate has been refined. Conservation implications: Our results provide key data which can be used to refine black rhinoceros breeding targets in South Africa and the region more broadly

Distribution of stress on TMJ disc induced by use of chincup therapy: assessment by the finite element method

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Calçada, Flávio Siqueira; Guimarães, Antônio Sérgio; Teixeira, Marcelo Lucchesi; Takamatsu, Flávio Atsushi

2017-01-01

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the distribution of stress produced on TMJ disc by chincup therapy, by means of the finite element method. Methods: a simplified three-dimensional TMJ disc model was developed by using Rhinoceros 3D software, and exported to ANSYS software. A 4.9N load was applied on the inferior surface of the model at inclinations of 30, 40, and 50 degrees to the mandibular plane (GoMe). ANSYS was used to analyze stress distribution on the TMJ disc for the different angulations, by means of finite element method. Results: The results showed that the tensile and compressive stresses concentrations were higher on the inferior surface of the model. More presence of tensile stress was found in the middle-anterior region of the model and its location was not altered in the three directions of load application. There was more presence of compressive stress in the middle and mid-posterior regions, but when a 50o inclined load was applied, concentration in the middle region was prevalent. Tensile and compressive stresses intensities progressively diminished as the load was more vertically applied. Conclusions: stress induced by the chincup therapy is mainly located on the inferior surface of the model. Loads at greater angles to the mandibular plane produced distribution of stresses with lower intensity and a concentration of compressive stresses in the middle region. The simplified three-dimensional model proved useful for assessing the distribution of stresses on the TMJ disc induced by the chincup therapy. PMID:29160348

Digital Three-Dimensional Automation of the Modified Huddart and Bodenham Scoring System for Patients With Cleft Lip and Palate.

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Ma, Xinhui; Martin, Catherine; McIntyre, Grant; Lin, Ping; Mossey, Peter

2017-07-01

The modified Huddart and Bodenham scoring system assesses maxillary arch constriction and surgical outcomes in cleft lip and palate. This project automates modified Huddart and Bodenham scoring using three-dimensional digital models. Development of a novel software tool. The design, construction, development, and testing of the system was carried out at Dundee Dental Hospital. Subjects with cleft lip and palate. A plug-in has been developed using an open three-dimensional development platform: Rhinoceros, version 5 ( http://www.rhino3d.co.uk ). Users select cusps on mandibular and maxillary teeth on three-dimensional digital models. A three-dimensional cubic spline generates a mandibular curve, and a best-fit horizontal mandibular reference plane is produced using a least-squares method. Horizontal distances projected from the shortest three-dimensional distances were subsequently calculated between the maxillary cusps and the mandibular curve to calculate the modified Huddart and Bodenham score. Automatic scoring of digital models using the modified Huddart and Bodenham system produces similar results to manual scoring. By standardizing outcome assessment in cleft care, multicenter comparisons for audit and research can be simplified, allowing centers throughout the world to upload three-dimensional digital models or intraoral scans of the dental arches for remote scoring. Thereafter, these data can feed back into the global database on orofacial clefting as part of the World Health Organization's international collaborative "Global Burden of Disease" research project for craniofacial anomalies. The automated system facilitates quicker and more reliable outcome assessments by minimizing human errors.

FROM SURVEY TO FEM ANALYSIS FOR DOCUMENTATION OF BUILT HERITAGE: THE CASE STUDY OF VILLA REVEDIN-BOLASCO

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A. Guarnieri

2017-05-01

Full Text Available In the last decade advances in the fields of close-range photogrammetry, terrestrial laser scanning (TLS and computer vision (CV have enabled to collect different kind of information about a Cultural Heritage objects and to carry out highly accurate 3D models. Additionally, the integration between laser scanning technology and Finite Element Analysis (FEA is gaining particular interest in recent years for structural analysis of built heritage, since the increasing computational capabilities allow to manipulate large datasets. In this note we illustrate the approach adopted for surveying, 3D modeling and structural analysis of Villa Revedin-Bolasco, a magnificent historical building located in the small walled town of Castelfranco Veneto, in northern Italy. In 2012 CIRGEO was charged by the University of Padova to carry out a survey of the Villa and Park, as preliminary step for subsequent restoration works. The inner geometry of the Villa was captured with two Leica Disto D3a BT hand-held laser meters, while the outer walls of the building were surveyed with a Leica C10 and a Faro Focus 3D 120 terrestrial laser scanners. Ancillary GNSS measurements were also collected for 3D laser model georeferencing. A solid model was then generated from the laser global point cloud in Rhinoceros software, and portion of it was used for simulation in a Finite Element Analysis (FEA. In the paper we discuss in detail all the steps and challenges addressed and solutions adopted concerning the survey, solid modeling and FEA from laser scanning data of the historical complex of Villa Revedin-Bolasco.

[Perissodactyla: the primary structure of hemoglobins from the lowland tapir (Tapirus terrestris): glutamic acid in position 2 of the beta chains].

Science.gov (United States)

Mazur, G; Braunitzer, G

1984-09-01

The hemoglobins from a lowland tapir (Tapirus terrestris) were analysed and the complete primary structure is described. The globin chains were separated on CM cellulose column in 8M urea and the amino-acid sequences were determined in the liquid phase sequenator. The results show that globin consists of two alpha chains (alpha I and alpha II) and beta major and beta minor components. The alpha chains differ only at one position: alpha I contains aspartic acid and alpha II glycine. The beta chains are heterogeneous: aspartic and glutamic acid were found at position beta 21 and beta 73 of the beta major components and asparagine and serine at position beta 139. In the beta minor components four positions were found with more than one amino acid, namely beta 2, beta 4, beta 6 and beta 56. The sequences are compared with those of man, horse and rhinoceros. Four residues of horse methemoglobin, which are involved in the alpha 1 beta 1 contacts are substituted in tapir hemoglobins. In the alpha chains: alpha 107(G14)Ser----Val, alpha 111-(G18) Val----Leu, alpha 115(GH3) Asn----Asp or Gly; in the beta chains: beta 116(G18) Arg----Gln. The amino acid at beta 2 of the major components is glutamic acid while glutamine and histidine are found in the minor components. Although glutamic acid, a binding site for ATP, does not interact with 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate, glutamine and histidine in the minor components are responsible for the slight effect of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate on tapir hemoglobin.

Purification and characterization of insulin and the C-peptide of proinsulin from Przewalski's horse, zebra, rhino, and tapir (Perissodactyla).

Science.gov (United States)

Henry, J S; Lance, V A; Conlon, J M

1993-02-01

Within the order Perissodactyla, the primary structure of insulin has been strongly conserved. Insulin from Przewalski's horse and the mountain zebra (suborder Hippomorpha) is the same as that from the domestic horse and differs from insulin from the white rhinoceros and mountain tapir (suborder Ceratomorpha) by a single substitution (Gly-->Ser) at position 9 in the A-chain. A second molecular form of Przewalski's horse insulin isolated in this study was shown to represent the gamma-ethyl ester of the Glu17 residue of the A-chain. This component was probably formed during the extraction of the pancreas with acidified ethanol. The amino acid sequence of the C-peptide of proinsulin has been less well conserved. Zebra C-peptide comprises 31 amino acid residues and differs from Przewalski's horse and domestic horse C-peptide by one substitution (Gln30-->Pro). Rhino C-peptide was isolated only in a truncated form corresponding to residues (1-23) of intact C-peptide. Its amino acid sequence contains three substitutions compared with the corresponding region of horse C-peptide. It is postulated that the substitution (Pro23-->Thr) renders rhino C-peptide more liable to proteolytic cleavage by a chymotrypsin-like enzyme than horse C-peptide. C-peptide could not be identified in the extract of tapir pancreas, suggesting that proteolytic degradation may have been more extensive than in the rhino. In contrast to the ox and pig (order Artiodactyla), there was no evidence for the expression of more than one proinsulin gene in the species of Perissodactyla examined.

Testing the effects of perimeter fencing and elephant exclosures on lion predation patterns in a Kenyan wildlife conservancy

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Marc Dupuis-Desormeaux

2016-02-01

Full Text Available The use of fences to segregate wildlife can change predator and prey behaviour. Predators can learn to incorporate fencing into their hunting strategies and prey can learn to avoid foraging near fences. A twelve-strand electric predator-proof fence surrounds our study site. There are also porous one-strand electric fences used to create exclosures where elephant (and giraffe cannot enter in order to protect blocs of browse vegetation for two critically endangered species, the black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis and the Grevy’s zebra (Equus grevyi. The denser vegetation in these exclosures attracts both browsing prey and ambush predators. In this study we examined if lion predation patterns differed near the perimeter fencing and inside the elephant exclosures by mapping the location of kills. We used a spatial analysis to compare the predation patterns near the perimeter fencing and inside the exclosures to predation in the rest of the conservancy. Predation was not over-represented near the perimeter fence but the pattern of predation near the fence suggests that fences may be a contributing factor to predation success. Overall, we found that predation was over-represented inside and within 50 m of the exclosures. However, by examining individual exclosures in greater detail using a hot spot analysis, we found that only a few exclosures contained lion predation hot spots. Although some exclosures provide good hunting grounds for lions, we concluded that exclosures did not necessarily create prey-traps per se and that managers could continue to use this type of exclusionary fencing to protect stands of dense vegetation.

Puffins reveal contrasting relationships between forage fish and ocean climate in the North Pacific

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Sydeman, William J.; Piatt, John F.; Thompson, Sarah Ann; Garcia-Reyes, Marisol; Hatch, Scott A.; Arimitsu, Mayumi L.; Slater, Leslie; Williams, Jeffrey C.; Rojek, Nora A.; Zador, Stephani G.; Renner, Heather M.

2017-01-01

Long-term studies of predator food habits (i.e., ‘predator-based sampling’) are useful for identifying patterns of spatial and temporal variability of forage nekton in marine ecosystems. We investigated temporal changes in forage fish availability and relationships to ocean climate by analyzing diet composition of three puffin species (horned puffin Fratercula corniculata, tufted puffin Fratercula cirrhata, and rhinoceros auklet Cerorhinca monocerata) from five sites in the North Pacific from 1978–2012. Dominant forage species included squids and hexagrammids in the western Aleutians, gadids and Pacific sand lance (Ammodytes personatus) in the eastern Aleutians and western Gulf of Alaska (GoA), and sand lance and capelin (Mallotus villosus) in the northern and eastern GoA. Interannual fluctuations in forage availability dominated variability in the western Aleutians, whereas lower-frequency shifts in forage fish availability dominated elsewhere. We produced regional multivariate indicators of sand lance, capelin, and age-0 gadid availability by combining data across species and sites using Principal Component Analysis, and related these indices to environmental factors including sea level pressure (SPL), winds, and sea surface temperature (SST). There was coherence in the availability of sand lance and capelin across the study area. Sand lance availability increased linearly with environmental conditions leading to warmer ocean temperatures, whereas capelin availability increased in a non-linear manner when environmental changes led to lower ocean temperatures. Long-term studies of puffin diet composition appear to be a promising tool for understanding the availability of these difficult-to-survey forage nekton in remote regions of the North Pacific.

Advances in conservation endocrinology: the application of molecular approaches to the conservation of endangered species.

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Tubbs, Christopher; McDonough, Caitlin E; Felton, Rachel; Milnes, Matthew R

2014-07-01

Among the numerous societal benefits of comparative endocrinology is the application of our collective knowledge of hormone signaling towards the conservation of threatened and endangered species - conservation endocrinology. For several decades endocrinologists have used longitudinal hormone profiles to monitor reproductive status in a multitude of species. Knowledge of reproductive status among individuals has been used to assist in the management of captive and free-ranging populations. More recently, researchers have begun utilizing molecular and cell-based techniques to gain a more complete understanding of hormone signaling in wildlife species, and to identify potential causes of disrupted hormone signaling. In this review we examine various in vitro approaches we have used to compare estrogen receptor binding and activation by endogenous hormones and phytoestrogens in two species of rhinoceros; southern white and greater one-horned. We have found many of these techniques valuable and practical in species where access to research subjects and/or tissues is limited due to their conservation status. From cell-free, competitive binding assays to full-length receptor activation assays; each technique has strengths and weaknesses related to cost, sensitivity, complexity of the protocols, and relevance to in vivo signaling. We then present a novel approach, in which receptor activation assays are performed in primary cell lines derived from the species of interest, to minimize the artifacts of traditional heterologous expression systems. Finally, we speculate on the promise of next generation sequencing and transcriptome profiling as tools for characterizing hormone signaling in threatened and endangered species. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Stresses generated by two zygomatic implant placement techniques associated with conventional inclined anterior implants

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Paulo H.T. Almeida

2018-06-01

Full Text Available Purpose: To make a comparative evaluation, by means of the finite element method, of the stress generated on supporting tissues and prosthetic system components, using zygomatic implants with the exteriorized and extramaxillary techniques, and different placement positions, associated either with inclined anterior implants, or those without inclination. Materials and methods: Eight (8 tridimensional models were created to represent the clinical situations being researched, using the dataset of scanned images of an edentulous model. The implants and prosthetic components were photographed on millimeter paper and inserted into Rhinoceros 3D modeling computer software. From the measurements made on the image, the virtual models were made. The application force was distributed on the occlusal surface of the working side of the left maxillary first molar, first and second premolars, and incisal regions of the central incisor, simulating the occlusal load during mastication, in a total of 150 N. Results: The extramaxillary technique presented considerable variation in increased tension on the prosthesis screws and bone tissue. In the exteriorized technique, the highest tension values occurred in the region of the ridge, and the lowest, on the zygomatic process; the absence of cantilever reduced the stress on bone tissue in almost all regions. Conclusion: The exteriorized technique was shown to be more favorable to the distribution of stresses on the micro-unit screws and bone tissue, with the model with zygomatic implant placed in the region of the first molar and inclined anterior implant presenting the best results. Keywords: Zygomatic implants, Atrophic maxilla, Finite element analysis, Cantilever, Inclined implant

From Survey to FEM Analysis for Documentation of Built Heritage: the Case Study of Villa Revedin-Bolasco

Science.gov (United States)

Guarnieri, A.; Fissore, F.; Masiero, A.; Di Donna, A.; Coppa, U.; Vettore, A.

2017-05-01

In the last decade advances in the fields of close-range photogrammetry, terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and computer vision (CV) have enabled to collect different kind of information about a Cultural Heritage objects and to carry out highly accurate 3D models. Additionally, the integration between laser scanning technology and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is gaining particular interest in recent years for structural analysis of built heritage, since the increasing computational capabilities allow to manipulate large datasets. In this note we illustrate the approach adopted for surveying, 3D modeling and structural analysis of Villa Revedin-Bolasco, a magnificent historical building located in the small walled town of Castelfranco Veneto, in northern Italy. In 2012 CIRGEO was charged by the University of Padova to carry out a survey of the Villa and Park, as preliminary step for subsequent restoration works. The inner geometry of the Villa was captured with two Leica Disto D3a BT hand-held laser meters, while the outer walls of the building were surveyed with a Leica C10 and a Faro Focus 3D 120 terrestrial laser scanners. Ancillary GNSS measurements were also collected for 3D laser model georeferencing. A solid model was then generated from the laser global point cloud in Rhinoceros software, and portion of it was used for simulation in a Finite Element Analysis (FEA). In the paper we discuss in detail all the steps and challenges addressed and solutions adopted concerning the survey, solid modeling and FEA from laser scanning data of the historical complex of Villa Revedin-Bolasco.

Role of solid-phase microextraction in the identification of highly volatile pheromones of two Rhinoceros beetles Scapanes australis and Strategus aloeus (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae).

Science.gov (United States)

Rochat, D; Ramirez-Lucas, P; Malosse, C; Aldana, R; Kakul, T; Morin, J P

2000-07-14

Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) samplings from live insects or natural secretion allowed one to identify the aggregation pheromones of the pest beetles Scapanes australis and Strategus aloeus by efficient and rapid isolation of their highly volatile (72 < M(r) < 116) components. S. australis male pheromone was identified as a 84:12:4 (w/w) mixture of 2-butanol [67:33 (R)-(-):(S)-(+) ratio], 3-hydroxy-2-butanone and 2,3-butanediol [43:17:40 (R,R)-(-):(S,S)-(+):meso ratio], and S. aloeus pheromone as a 95.5:4.0:0.5 (w/w) mixture of 2-butanone, 3-pentanone and sec.-butyl acetate by GC-MS using conventional and chiral capillary columns. This is the first report of Scarabaeidae pheromones based on such small and common molecules.

MENTIMUN(Cucumis Sativus L DI DESA TIRTA MULYA KECAMATAN MAKARTI JAYA KABUPATEN BANYUASIN II

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Irham Falahudin

2015-08-01

Full Text Available Cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L. that includes or creeping vines and is one type of vegetable-fruit of the gourd family labuan (Cucurbitaceae that has been popular throughout the world and favored from Asia. Cucumber cultivation in Indonesia, found almost in every region, ranging from lowland to highland hot climate (tropical and moderate. One animal that has an abundant amount in cucumber plants are insects. This study aims to know the different types of species that exist on the Order Coleoptera cucumber farm in the village of Tirta Mulya District of makarti Jaya Banyuasin II and determine the role of the Order Coleoptera insects on cucumber plantations in the village of Tirta Mulya District of makarti Jaya Banyuasin II. This is a qualitative study conducted in October-November 2014 held in Cucumber Plants in the village of Tirta Mulya District of makarti Jaya Banyuasin II. Catching insects done using transect method and pitfall traps such as sweeping the net, pit fall traps and light traps, results in identification in the laboratory penelitanya UIN Raden Fatah Palembang. The results of this study indicate that insects are caught in a cucumber plantation obtained as many as 113 individual 3 families and 7 species. Insects which dominates in the village of Tirta Mulya District of makarti Jaya Banyuasin II is Cocinella repanda, Curinus coeruleus, Coelophora inaequalis, and Aulacophora similis, and insects that have the fewest number is Micraspis discolor, Micraspis vincta and Oryctes rhinoceros. The role of the Order Coleoptera Insects in general predators of the family Coccinellidae to eradicate mites while the family Chrysomelidae Scarabacidae and are pests that attack on cucumber plants that can cause death.

Flow structures around a flapping wing considering ground effect

Science.gov (United States)

Van Truong, Tien; Kim, Jihoon; Kim, Min Jun; Park, Hoon Cheol; Yoon, Kwang Joon; Byun, Doyoung

2013-07-01

Over the past several decades, there has been great interest in understanding the aerodynamics of flapping flight, namely the two flight modes of hovering and forward flight. However, there has been little focus on the aerodynamic characteristics during takeoff of insects. In a previous study we found that the Rhinoceros Beetle ( Trypoxylusdichotomus) takes off without jumping, which is uncommon for other insects. In this study we built a scaled-up electromechanical model of a flapping wing and investigated fluid flow around the beetle's wing model. In particular, the present dynamically scaled mechanical model has the wing kinematics pattern achieved from the real beetle's wing kinematics during takeoff. In addition, we could systematically change the three-dimensional inclined motion of the flapping model through each stroke. We used digital particle image velocimetry with high spatial resolution, and were able to qualitatively and quantitatively study the flow field around the wing at a Reynolds number of approximately 10,000. The present results provide insight into the aerodynamics and the evolution of vortical structures, as well as the ground effect experienced by a beetle's wing during takeoff. The main unsteady mechanisms of beetles have been identified and intensively analyzed as the stability of the leading edge vortex (LEV) during strokes, the delayed stall during upstroke, the rotational circulation in pronation periods, and wake capture in supination periods. Due to the ground effect, the LEV was enhanced during half downstroke, and the lift force could thus be increased to lift the beetle during takeoff. This is useful for researchers in developing a micro air vehicle that has a beetle-like flapping wing motion.

Modeling Boston: A workflow for the efficient generation and maintenance of urban building energy models from existing geospatial datasets

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cerezo Davila, Carlos; Reinhart, Christoph F.; Bemis, Jamie L.

2016-01-01

City governments and energy utilities are increasingly focusing on the development of energy efficiency strategies for buildings as a key component in emission reduction plans and energy supply strategies. To support these diverse needs, a new generation of Urban Building Energy Models (UBEM) is currently being developed and validated to estimate citywide hourly energy demands at the building level. However, in order for cities to rely on UBEMs, effective model generation and maintenance workflows are needed based on existing urban data structures. Within this context, the authors collaborated with the Boston Redevelopment Authority to develop a citywide UBEM based on official GIS datasets and a custom building archetype library. Energy models for 83,541 buildings were generated and assigned one of 52 use/age archetypes, within the CAD modelling environment Rhinoceros3D. The buildings were then simulated using the US DOE EnergyPlus simulation program, and results for buildings of the same archetype were crosschecked against data from the US national energy consumption surveys. A district-level intervention combining photovoltaics with demand side management is presented to demonstrate the ability of UBEM to provide actionable information. Lack of widely available archetype templates and metered energy data, were identified as key barriers within existing workflows that may impede cities from effectively applying UBEM to guide energy policy. - Highlights: • Data requirements for Urban Building Energy Models are reviewed. • A workflow for UBEM generation from available GIS datasets is developed. • A citywide demand simulation model for Boston is generated and tested. • Limitations for UBEM in current urban data systems are identified and discussed. • Model application for energy management policy is shown in an urban PV scenario.

RA Research reactor Annual report 1981 - Part 1, Operation, maintenance and utilization of the RA reactor; Istrazivacki nuklearni reaktor RA, Deo 1 - Pogon, odrzavanje i eksploatacija reaktora u 1981. godini

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sotic, O; Milosevic, M; Martinc, R; Kozomara-Maic, S; Cupac, S; Radivojevic, J; Stamenkovic, D; Skoric, M [Institute of Nuclear Sciences Boris Kidric, Vinca, Beograd (Serbia and Montenegro)

1981-12-15

dozvoljava probni rad reaktora uz ogranicenje snage do 2 MW dok se ne izvrsi rekonstrukcija ventilacionog sistema i ne izgradi sistem za prinudno hladjenje jezgra u slucaju udesa. Realizacija programa probnog rada zapoceta je 15. septembra 1981. godine uz postupno povecanje snage tako da je u novembru i decembru reaktor radio na snazi od 2 MW u trajanju od 15 dana. Na reaktoru je u toku 1981. godine ostvaren rad od ukupno 1698 MWh. To je omogucilo da se reaktor u poslednja dva meseca koristi i za proizvodnju radioizotopa. Kontrola i odrzavanje celokupne opreme, kao i remontni radovi izvrsavani su redovno i efikasno u granicama koje su diktirane raspolozivoscu repromaterijalom i rezervnim delovima. Najvecu poteskocu pricinjava odrzavanje instrumentacije. Reaktor je u toku 1981. godine radio potpuno bezbedno i sigurno kako po osoblje tako i po ostalo ljudstvo u zgradi reaktora i van nje. Nije se dogodio ni jedan akcident vezan za rad reaktora. Probni rad ce biti nastavljen i u 1982. godini a dosadasnji rezultati pokazuju da ce ceo program biti uspesno realizovan.

Susceptibility of Diabetic Heart to Catecholamine-induced Arrhythmias is Independent of Contractile Dysfunction

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Adameova Adriana

2014-06-01

čanih smrti u dijabetesu ne mora biti povezana sa odgovorom na kateholamine.

Randomised controlled double-blind non-inferiority trial of two antivenoms for saw-scaled or carpet viper (Echis ocellatus envenoming in Nigeria.

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Isa S Abubakar

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: In West Africa, envenoming by saw-scaled or carpet vipers (Echis ocellatus causes great morbidity and mortality, but there is a crisis in supply of effective and affordable antivenom (ISRCTN01257358. METHODS: In a randomised, double-blind, controlled, non-inferiority trial, "EchiTAb Plus-ICP" (ET-Plus equine antivenom made by Instituto Clodomiro Picado was compared to "EchiTAb G" (ET-G ovine antivenom made by MicroPharm, which is the standard of care in Nigeria and was developed from the original EchiTAb-Fab introduced in 1998. Both are caprylic acid purified whole IgG antivenoms. ET-G is monospecific for Echis ocellatus antivenom (initial dose 1 vial and ET-Plus is polyspecific for E. ocellatus, Naja nigricollis and Bitis arietans (initial dose 3 vials. Both had been screened by pre-clinical and preliminary clinical dose-finding and safety studies. Patients who presented with incoagulable blood, indicative of systemic envenoming by E. ocellatus, were recruited in Kaltungo, north-eastern Nigeria. Those eligible and consenting were randomly allocated with equal probability to receive ET-Plus or ET-G. The primary outcome was permanent restoration of blood coagulability 6 hours after the start of treatment, assessed by a simple whole blood clotting test repeated 6, 12, 18, 24 and 48 hr after treatment. Secondary (safety outcomes were the incidences of anaphylactic, pyrogenic and late serum sickness-type antivenom reactions. FINDINGS: Initial doses permanently restored blood coagulability at 6 hours in 161/194 (83.0% of ET-Plus and 156/206 (75.7% of ET-G treated patients (Relative Risk [RR] 1.10 one-sided 95% CI lower limit 1.01; P = 0.05. ET-Plus caused early reactions on more occasions than did ET-G [50/194 (25.8% and 39/206 (18.9% respectively RR (1.36 one-sided 95% CI 1.86 upper limit; P = 0.06. These reactions were classified as severe in 21 (10.8% and 11 (5.3% of patients, respectively. CONCLUSION: At these doses, ET-Plus was

Desertification of subtropical thicket in the Eastern Cape, South Africa: Are there alternatives?

Science.gov (United States)

Kerley, G I; Knight, M H; de Kock, M

1995-01-01

The Eastern Cape Subtropical Thicket (ECST) froms the transition between forest, semiarid karroid shrublands, and grassland in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Undegraded ECST forms an impenetrable, spiny thicket up to 3 m high consisting of a wealth of growth forms, including evergreen plants, succulent and deciduous shrubs, lianas, grasses, and geophytes. The thicket dynamics are not well understood, but elephants may have been important browsers and patch disturbance agents. These semiarid thickets have been subjected to intensive grazing by domestic ungulates, which have largely replaced indigenous herbivores over the last 2 centuries. Overgrazing has extensively degraded vegetation, resulting in the loss of phytomass and plant species and the replacement of perennials by annuals. Coupled with these changes are alterations of soil structure and secondary productivity. This rangeland degradation has largely been attributed to pastoralism with domestic herbivores. The impact of indigenous herbivores differs in scale, intensity, and nature from that of domestic ungulates. Further degradation of the ECST may be limited by alternative management strategies, including the use of wildlife for meat production and ecotourism. Producing meat from wildlife earns less income than from domestic herbivores but is ecologically sustainable. The financial benefits of game use can be improved by developing expertise, technology, and marketing. Ecotourism is not well developed in the Eastern Cape although the Addo Elephant National Park is a financial success and provides considerable employment benefits within an ecologically sustainable system. The density of black rhinoceros and elephant in these thickets is among the highest in Africa, with high population growth and the lowest poaching risk. The financial and ecological viability of ecotourism and the conservation status of these two species warrant expanding ecotourism in the Eastern Cape, thereby reducing the probability of

Sequência metodológica para a estimativa da iluminação natural e suas implicações em sistemas de avaliação de desempenho de edificações

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Raphaela Walger da Fonseca

Full Text Available Resumo Este trabalho teve por objetivo propor um método simplificado que integre a aplicação de redes neurais artificiais (RNA com zoneamento de iluminação natural para a estimativa da redução do consumo energético de edifícios não residenciais em função do aproveitamento da luz natural. Utilizou-se metamodelagem, sendo as redes treinadas com base em resultados obtidos através de simulações computacionais energéticas integradas. Utilizou-se a técnica de amostragem Hipercubo Latino para gerar os dados de entrada, que foram parametrizados com o plug-in Grasshopper e simulados com o plug-in Diva, do programa Rhinoceros. Para a aplicação do método propôs-se uma RNA tendo como parâmetro de saída densidade de potência de iluminação em uso combinada, através de ponderação por área, com um zoneamento de iluminação natural que considera o dinamismo do clima. Discutiu-se a relação entre a sequência proposta, cujos erros foram inferiores a 5%, o RTQ-C e índices mínimos de iluminação natural. Como conclusão geral, pode-se dizer que o método simplificado tem potencial para ser replicado e utilizado dadas sua precisão, velocidade e facilidade de aplicação. Para a aplicação do método em instrumentos de regulação, é importante que os índices mínimos de desempenho luminoso sejam cuidadosamente avaliados devido a seu impacto significativo no consumo energético das edificações.

A colostrum trypsin inhibitor gene expressed in the Cape fur seal mammary gland during lactation.

Science.gov (United States)

Pharo, Elizabeth A; Cane, Kylie N; McCoey, Julia; Buckle, Ashley M; Oosthuizen, W H; Guinet, Christophe; Arnould, John P Y

2016-03-01

The colostrum trypsin inhibitor (CTI) gene and transcript were cloned from the Cape fur seal mammary gland and CTI identified by in silico analysis of the Pacific walrus and polar bear genomes (Order Carnivora), and in marine and terrestrial mammals of the Orders Cetartiodactyla (yak, whales, camel) and Perissodactyla (white rhinoceros). Unexpectedly, Weddell seal CTI was predicted to be a pseudogene. Cape fur seal CTI was expressed in the mammary gland of a pregnant multiparous seal, but not in a seal in its first pregnancy. While bovine CTI is expressed for 24-48 h postpartum (pp) and secreted in colostrum only, Cape fur seal CTI was detected for at least 2-3 months pp while the mother was suckling its young on-shore. Furthermore, CTI was expressed in the mammary gland of only one of the lactating seals that was foraging at-sea. The expression of β-casein (CSN2) and β-lactoglobulin II (LGB2), but not CTI in the second lactating seal foraging at-sea suggested that CTI may be intermittently expressed during lactation. Cape fur seal and walrus CTI encode putative small, secreted, N-glycosylated proteins with a single Kunitz/bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) domain indicative of serine protease inhibition. Mature Cape fur seal CTI shares 92% sequence identity with Pacific walrus CTI, but only 35% identity with BPTI. Structural homology modelling of Cape fur seal CTI and Pacific walrus trypsin based on the model of the second Kunitz domain of human tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) and porcine trypsin (Protein Data Bank: 1TFX) confirmed that CTI inhibits trypsin in a canonical fashion. Therefore, pinniped CTI may be critical for preventing the proteolytic degradation of immunoglobulins that are passively transferred from mother to young via colostrum and milk. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Effect of different types of prosthetic platforms on stress-distribution in dental implant-supported prostheses

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Minatel, Lurian [Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-graduação (PRPPG), Universidade do Sagrado Coração, USC, 10–50 Irmã Armindal, Jardim Brasil, Bauru, 17011–160, SP (Brazil); Verri, Fellippo Ramos [Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, 1193 José Bonifácio Street, Vila Mendonça, Araçatuba 16015–050 (Brazil); Kudo, Guilherme Abu Halawa [Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-graduação (PRPPG), Universidade do Sagrado Coração, USC, 10–50 Irmã Armindal, Jardim Brasil, Bauru, 17011–160, SP (Brazil); Faria Almeida, Daniel Augusto de; Souza Batista, Victor Eduardo de; Aparecido Araujo Lemos, Cleidiel; Piza Pellizzer, Eduardo [Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, 1193 José Bonifácio Street, Vila Mendonça, Araçatuba 16015–050 (Brazil); and others

2017-02-01

A biomechanical analysis of different types of implant connections is relevant to clinical practice because it may impact the longevity of the rehabilitation treatment. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the Morse taper connections and the stress distribution of structures associated with the platform switching (PSW) concept. It will do this by obtaining data on the biomechanical behavior of the main structure in relation to the dental implant using the 3-dimensional finite element methodology. Four models were simulated (with each containing a single prosthesis over the implant) in the molar region, with the following specifications: M1 and M2 is an external hexagonal implant on a regular platform; M3 is an external hexagonal implant using PSW concept; and M4 is a Morse taper implant. The modeling process involved the use of images from InVesalius CT (computed tomography) processing software, which were refined using Rhinoceros 4.0 and SolidWorks 2011 CAD software. The models were then exported into the finite element program (FEMAP 11.0) to configure the meshes. The models were processed using NeiNastram software. The main results are that M1 (regular diameter 4 mm) had the highest stress concentration area and highest microstrain concentration for bone tissue, dental implants, and the retaining screw (P < 0.05). Using the PSW concept increases the area of the stress concentrations in the retaining screw (P < 0.05) more than in the regular platform implant. It was concluded that the increase in diameter is beneficial for stress distribution and that the PSW concept had higher stress concentrations in the retaining screw and the crown compared to the regular platform implant. - Highlights: • The external hexagon implants was unfavorable biomechanical. • The Morse taper implant presented the best biomechanical result. • Platform switching concept increased stress in screw-retained prostheses.

Influence of implantoplasty on stress distribution of exposed implants at different bone insertion levels

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

João Paulo Mendes TRIBST

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Abstract This study evaluated the effect of implantoplasty on different bone insertion levels of exposed implants. A model of the Bone Level Tapered implant (Straumann Institute, Waldenburg, Switzerland was created through the Rhinoceros software (version 5.0 SR8, McNeel North America, Seattle, WA, USA. The abutment was fixed to the implant through a retention screw and a monolithic crown was modeled over a cementation line. Six models were created with increasing portions of the implant threads exposed: C1 (1 mm, C2 (2 mm, C3 (3 mm, C4 (4 mm, C5 (5 mm and C6 (6 mm. The models were made in duplicates and one of each pair was used to simulate implantoplasty, by removing the threads (I1, I2, I3, I4, I5 and I6. The final geometry was exported in STEP format to ANSYS (ANSYS 15.0, ANSYS Inc., Houston, USA and all materials were considered homogeneous, isotropic and linearly elastic. To assess distribution of stress forces, an axial load (300 N was applied on the cusp. For the periodontal insert, the strains increased in the peri-implant region according to the size of the exposed portion and independent of the threads’ presence. The difference between groups with and without implantoplasty was less than 10%. Critical values were found when the inserted portion was smaller than the exposed portion. In the exposed implants, the stress generated on the implant and retention screw was higher in the models that received implantoplasty. For the bone tissue, exposure of the implant’s thread was a damaging factor, independent of implantoplasty. Implantoplasty treatment can be safely used to control peri-implantitis if at least half of the implant is still inserted in bone.

Keeper-Animal Interactions: Differences between the Behaviour of Zoo Animals Affect Stockmanship.

Science.gov (United States)

Ward, Samantha J; Melfi, Vicky

2015-01-01

Stockmanship is a term used to describe the management of animals with a good stockperson someone who does this in a in a safe, effective, and low-stress manner for both the stock-keeper and animals involved. Although impacts of unfamiliar zoo visitors on animal behaviour have been extensively studied, the impact of stockmanship i.e familiar zoo keepers is a new area of research; which could reveal significant ramifications for zoo animal behaviour and welfare. It is likely that different relationships are formed dependant on the unique keeper-animal dyad (human-animal interaction, HAI). The aims of this study were to (1) investigate if unique keeper-animal dyads were formed in zoos, (2) determine whether keepers differed in their interactions towards animals regarding their attitude, animal knowledge and experience and (3) explore what factors affect keeper-animal dyads and ultimately influence animal behaviour and welfare. Eight black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis), eleven Chapman's zebra (Equus burchellii), and twelve Sulawesi crested black macaques (Macaca nigra) were studied in 6 zoos across the UK and USA. Subtle cues and commands directed by keepers towards animals were identified. The animals latency to respond and the respective behavioural response (cue-response) was recorded per keeper-animal dyad (n = 93). A questionnaire was constructed following a five-point Likert Scale design to record keeper demographic information and assess the job satisfaction of keepers, their attitude towards the animals and their perceived relationship with them. There was a significant difference in the animals' latency to appropriately respond after cues and commands from different keepers, indicating unique keeper-animal dyads were formed. Stockmanship style was also different between keepers; two main components contributed equally towards this: "attitude towards the animals" and "knowledge and experience of the animals". In this novel study, data demonstrated unique dyads

Sea snake harvest in the gulf of Thailand.

Science.gov (United States)

Van Cao, Nguyen; Thien Tao, Nguyen; Moore, Amelia; Montoya, Alfred; Redsted Rasmussen, Arne; Broad, Kenneth; Voris, Harold K; Takacs, Zoltan

2014-12-01

Conservation of sea snakes is virtually nonexistent in Asia, and its role in human-snake interactions in terms of catch, trade, and snakebites as an occupational hazard is mostly unexplored. We collected data on sea snake landings from the Gulf of Thailand, a hotspot for sea snake harvest by squid fishers operating out of the ports of Song Doc and Khanh Hoi, Ca Mau Province, Vietnam. The data were collected during documentation of the steps of the trading process and through interviewers with participants in the trade. Squid vessels return to ports once per lunar synodic cycle and fishers sell snakes to merchants who sort, package, and ship the snakes to various destinations in Vietnam and China for human consumption and as a source of traditional remedies. Annually, 82 t, roughly equal to 225,500 individuals, of live sea snakes are brought to ports. To our knowledge, this rate of harvest constitutes one of the largest venomous snake and marine reptile harvest activities in the world today. Lapemis curtus and Hydrophis cyanocinctus constituted about 85% of the snake biomass, and Acalyptophis peronii, Aipysurus eydouxii, Hydrophis atriceps, H. belcheri, H. lamberti, and H. ornatus made up the remainder. Our results establish a quantitative baseline for characteristics of catch, trade, and uses of sea snakes. Other key observations include the timing of the trade to the lunar cycle, a decline of sea snakes harvested over the study period (approximately 30% decline in mass over 4 years), and the treatment of sea snake bites with rhinoceros horn. Emerging markets in Southeast Asia drive the harvest of venomous sea snakes in the Gulf of Thailand and sea snake bites present a potentially lethal occupational hazard. We call for implementation of monitoring programs to further address the conservation implications of this large-scale marine reptile exploitation. © 2014 Society for Conservation Biology.

Reproductive tract tumours: the scourge of woman reproduction ails Indian rhinoceroses.

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Robert Hermes

Full Text Available In Indian rhinoceros, extensive leiomyoma, a benign smooth muscle tumour, was sporadically diagnosed post mortem and commonly thought of as contributing factor for reduced fecundity of this species in captivity. However, to date, the prevalence of reproductive tract tumours and their relevance for fecundity are unknown. Our analysis of the international studbook now reveals that females cease reproducing at the age of 18.1±1.2 years; equivalent to a reproductive lifespan of just 9.5±1.3 years. This short reproductive life is in sharp contrast to their longevity in captivity of over 40 years. Here we show, after examining 42% of the captive female population, that age-related genital tract tumours are highly prevalent in this endangered species. Growth and development of these tumours was found to be age-related, starting from the age of 10 years. All females older than 12 years had developed genital tumours, just 7-9 years past maturity. Tumour sizes ranged from 1.5-10 cm. With age, tumours became more numerous, sometimes merging into one large diffuse tumour mass. These tumours, primarily vaginal and cervical, presumably cause widespread young-age infertility by the age of 18 years. In few cases, tumour necrosis suggested possible malignancy of tumours. Possible consequences of such genital tract tumour infestation are hindered intromission, pain during mating, hampered sperm passage, risk of ascending infection during pregnancy, dystocia, or chronic vaginal bleeding. In humans, leiomyoma affect up to 80% of pre-menopause women. While a leading cause for infertility, pregnancy is known to reduce the risk of tumour development. However, different from human, surgical intervention is not a viable treatment option in rhinoceroses. Thus, in analogy to humans, we suggest early onset and seamless consecutive pregnancies to help reduce prevalence of this disease, better maintain a self-sustained captive population and improve animal welfare.

SU-F-J-174: A Series of Computational Human Phantoms in DICOM-RT Format for Normal Tissue Dose Reconstruction in Epidemiological Studies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pyakuryal, A; Moroz, B; Lee, C; Pelletier, C; Jung, J; Lee, C

2016-01-01

Purpose: Epidemiological studies of second cancer risk in radiotherapy patients often require individualized dose estimates of normal tissues. Prior to 3D conformal radiation therapy planning, patient anatomy information was mostly limited to 2D radiological images or not even available. Generic patient CT images are often used in commercial radiotherapy treatment planning system (TPS) to reconstruct normal tissue doses. The objective of the current work was to develop a series of reference size computational human phantoms in DICOM-RT format for direct use in dose reconstruction in TPS. Methods: Contours of 93 organs and tissues were extracted from a series of pediatric and adult hybrid computational human phantoms (newborn, 1-, 5-, 10-, 15-year-old, and adult males and females) using Rhinoceros software. A MATLAB script was created to convert the contours into the DICOM-RT structure format. The simulated CT images with the resolution of 1×1×3 mm3 were also generated from the binary phantom format and coupled with the DICOM-structure files. Accurate volumes of the organs were drawn in the format using precise delineation of the contours in converted format. Due to complex geometry of organs, higher resolution (1×1×1 mm3) was found to be more efficient in the conversion of newborn and 1-year-old phantoms. Results: Contour sets were efficiently converted into DICOM-RT structures in relatively short time (about 30 minutes for each phantom). A good agreement was observed in the volumes between the original phantoms and the converted contours for large organs (NRMSD<1.0%) and small organs (NRMSD<7.7%). Conclusion: A comprehensive series of computational human phantoms in DICOM-RT format was created to support epidemiological studies of second cancer risks in radiotherapy patients. We confirmed the DICOM-RT phantoms were successfully imported into the TPS programs of major vendors.

Effect of different types of prosthetic platforms on stress-distribution in dental implant-supported prostheses

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Minatel, Lurian; Verri, Fellippo Ramos; Kudo, Guilherme Abu Halawa; Faria Almeida, Daniel Augusto de; Souza Batista, Victor Eduardo de; Aparecido Araujo Lemos, Cleidiel; Piza Pellizzer, Eduardo

2017-01-01

A biomechanical analysis of different types of implant connections is relevant to clinical practice because it may impact the longevity of the rehabilitation treatment. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the Morse taper connections and the stress distribution of structures associated with the platform switching (PSW) concept. It will do this by obtaining data on the biomechanical behavior of the main structure in relation to the dental implant using the 3-dimensional finite element methodology. Four models were simulated (with each containing a single prosthesis over the implant) in the molar region, with the following specifications: M1 and M2 is an external hexagonal implant on a regular platform; M3 is an external hexagonal implant using PSW concept; and M4 is a Morse taper implant. The modeling process involved the use of images from InVesalius CT (computed tomography) processing software, which were refined using Rhinoceros 4.0 and SolidWorks 2011 CAD software. The models were then exported into the finite element program (FEMAP 11.0) to configure the meshes. The models were processed using NeiNastram software. The main results are that M1 (regular diameter 4 mm) had the highest stress concentration area and highest microstrain concentration for bone tissue, dental implants, and the retaining screw (P < 0.05). Using the PSW concept increases the area of the stress concentrations in the retaining screw (P < 0.05) more than in the regular platform implant. It was concluded that the increase in diameter is beneficial for stress distribution and that the PSW concept had higher stress concentrations in the retaining screw and the crown compared to the regular platform implant. - Highlights: • The external hexagon implants was unfavorable biomechanical. • The Morse taper implant presented the best biomechanical result. • Platform switching concept increased stress in screw-retained prostheses.

Sub-fossil beetle assemblages associated with the “mammoth fauna” in the Late Pleistocene localities of the Ural Mountains and West Siberia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Evgeniy Zinovyev

2011-05-01

Full Text Available The distribution of beetles at the end of the Middle Pleninglacial (=terminal Quaternary was examined based on sub-fossil material from the Ural Mountains and Western Siberia, Russia. All relevant localities of fossil insects have similar radiocarbon dates, ranging between 33,000 and 22,000 C14 years ago. Being situated across the vast territory from the southern Ural Mountains in the South to the middle Yamal Peninsula in the North, they allow latitudinal changes in beetle assemblages of that time to be traced. These beetles lived simultaneously with mammals of the so-called “mammoth fauna” with mammoth, bison, and wooly rhinoceros, the often co-occurring mega-mammalian bones at some of the sites being evidence of this. The beetle assemblages found between 59° and 57°N appear to be the most interesting. Their bulk is referred to as a “mixed” type, one which includes a characteristic combination of arcto-boreal, boreal, steppe and polyzonal species showing no analogues among recent insect complexes. These peculiar faunas seem to have represented a particular zonal type, which disappeared since the end of the Last Glaciation to arrive here with the extinction of the mammoth biota. In contrast, on the sites lying north of 60°N, the beetle communities were similar to modern sub-arctic and arctic faunas, yet with the participation of some sub-boreal steppe components, such as Poecilus ravus Lutshnik and Carabus sibiricus Fischer-Waldheim. This information, when compared with our knowledge of synchronous insect faunas from other regions of northern Eurasia, suggests that the former distribution of beetles in this region could be accounted for both by palaeo-environmental conditions and the impact of grazing by large ruminant mammals across the so-called “mammoth savannas”.

Nutritional demands and metabolic characteristics of the DSIR-HA-1179 insect cell line during growth and infection with the Oryctes nudivirus.

Science.gov (United States)

Pushparajan, Charlotte; Claus, Juan Daniel; Marshall, Sean D G; Visnovsky, Gabriel

2017-12-01

The DSIR-HA-1179 coleopteran cell line has been identified as a susceptible and permissive host for the in vitro replication of the Oryctes nudivirus, which can be used as a biopesticide against the coconut rhinoceros beetle, pest of palms. The major challenge to in vitro large-scale Oryctes nudivirus production is ensuring process economy. This rests, among other requisites, on the use of low-cost culture media tailored to the nutritional and metabolic needs of the cell line, both in uninfected and infected cultures. The aim of the present study was to characterize the nutritional demands and the metabolic characteristics of the DSIR-HA-1179 cell line during growth and subsequent infection with Oryctes nudivirus in the TC-100 culture medium. Serum-supplementation of the culture medium was found to be critical for cell growth, and addition of 10% fetal bovine serum v/v led to a maximum viable cell density (16.8 × 10 5 cells ml -1 ) with a population doubling time of 4.2 d. Nutritional and metabolic characterization of the cell line revealed a trend of glucose and glutamine consumption but minimal uptake of other amino acids, negligible production of lactate and ammonia, and the accumulation of alanine, both before and after infection. The monitoring of virus production kinetics showed that the TC-100 culture medium was nutritionally sufficient to give a peak yield of 7.38 × 10 7 TCID 50 ml -1 of OrNV at the 6th day post-infection in attached cultures of DSIR-HA-1179 cells in 25 cm 2 T-flasks. Knowledge of the cell line's nutritional demands and virus production kinetics will aid in the formulation of a low-cost culture medium and better process design for large-scale OrNV production in future.

Sub-fossil beetle assemblages associated with the "mammoth fauna" in the Late Pleistocene localities of the Ural Mountains and West Siberia.

Science.gov (United States)

Zinovyev, Evgeniy

2011-01-01

The distribution of beetles at the end of the Middle Pleninglacial (=terminal Quaternary) was examined based on sub-fossil material from the Ural Mountains and Western Siberia, Russia. All relevant localities of fossil insects have similar radiocarbon dates, ranging between 33,000 and 22,000 C14 years ago. Being situated across the vast territory from the southern Ural Mountains in the South to the middle Yamal Peninsula in the North, they allow latitudinal changes in beetle assemblages of that time to be traced. These beetles lived simultaneously with mammals of the so-called "mammoth fauna" with mammoth, bison, and wooly rhinoceros, the often co-occurring mega-mammalian bones at some of the sites being evidence of this. The beetle assemblages found between 59° and 57°N appear to be the most interesting. Their bulk is referred to as a "mixed" type, one which includes a characteristic combination of arcto-boreal, boreal, steppe and polyzonal species showing no analogues among recent insect complexes. These peculiar faunas seem to have represented a particular zonal type, which disappeared since the end of the Last Glaciation to arrive here with the extinction of the mammoth biota. In contrast, on the sites lying north of 60°N, the beetle communities were similar to modern sub-arctic and arctic faunas, yet with the participation of some sub-boreal steppe components, such as Poecilus ravus Lutshnik and Carabus sibiricus Fischer-Waldheim. This information, when compared with our knowledge of synchronous insect faunas from other regions of northern Eurasia, suggests that the former distribution of beetles in this region could be accounted for both by palaeo-environmental conditions and the impact of grazing by large ruminant mammals across the so-called "mammoth savannas".

Floral associations of cyclocephaline scarab beetles.

Science.gov (United States)

Moore, Matthew Robert; Jameson, Mary Liz

2013-01-01

The scarab beetle tribe Cyclocephalini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) is the second largest tribe of rhinoceros beetles, with nearly 500 described species. This diverse group is most closely associated with early diverging angiosperm groups (the family Nymphaeaceae, magnoliid clade, and monocots), where they feed, mate, and receive the benefit of thermal rewards from the host plant. Cyclocephaline floral association data have never been synthesized, and a comprehensive review of this ecological interaction was necessary to promote research by updating nomenclature, identifying inconsistencies in the data, and reporting previously unpublished data. Based on the most specific data, at least 97 cyclocephaline beetle species have been reported from the flowers of 58 plant genera representing 17 families and 15 orders. Thirteen new cyclocephaline floral associations are reported herein. Six cyclocephaline and 25 plant synonyms were reported in the literature and on beetle voucher specimen labels, and these were updated to reflect current nomenclature. The valid names of three unavailable plant host names were identified. We review the cyclocephaline floral associations with respect to inferred relationships of angiosperm orders. Ten genera of cyclocephaline beetles have been recorded from flowers of early diverging angiosperm groups. In contrast, only one genus, Cyclocephala, has been recorded from dicot flowers. Cyclocephaline visitation of dicot flowers is limited to the New World, and it is unknown whether this is evolutionary meaningful or the result of sampling bias and incomplete data. The most important areas for future research include: (1) elucidating the factors that attract cyclocephalines to flowers including floral scent chemistry and thermogenesis, (2) determining whether cyclocephaline dicot visitation is truly limited to the New World, and (3) inferring evolutionary relationships within the Cyclocephalini to rigorously test vicarance hypotheses

The Bering Land Bridge: a moisture barrier to the dispersal of steppe-tundra biota?

Science.gov (United States)

Elias, Scott A.; Crocker, Barnaby

2008-12-01

The Bering Land Bridge (BLB) connected the two principal arctic biological refugia, Western and Eastern Beringia, during intervals of lowered sea level in the Pleistocene. Fossil evidence from lowland BLB organic deposits dating to the Last Glaciation indicates that this broad region was dominated by shrub tundra vegetation, and had a mesic climate. The dominant ecosystem in Western Beringia and the interior regions of Eastern Beringia was steppe-tundra, with herbaceous plant communities and arid climate. Although Western and Eastern Beringia shared many species in common during the Late Pleistocene, there were a number of species that were restricted to only one side of the BLB. Among the vertebrate fauna, the woolly rhinoceros was found only to the west of the BLB, North American camels, bonnet-horned musk-oxen and some horse species were found only to the east of the land bridge. These were all steppe-tundra inhabitants, adapted to grazing. The same phenomenon can be seen in the insect faunas of the Western and Eastern Beringia. The steppe-tundra beetle fauna of Western Beringia was dominated by weevils of the genus Stephanocleonus, a group that was virtually absent from Eastern Beringia. The dry-adapted weevils, Lepidophorus lineaticollis and Vitavitus thulius were important members of steppe-tundra communities in Eastern Beringia, but were either absent or rare in Western Beringia. The leaf beetles Chrysolina arctica, C. brunnicornis bermani, and Galeruca interrupta circumdata were typical members of the Pleistocene steppe-tundra communities of Western Beringia, but absent from Eastern Beringia. On the other hand, some steppe tundra-adapted leaf beetles managed to occupy both sides of the BLB, such as Phaedon armoraciae. Much of the BLB remains unstudied, but on biogeographic grounds, it appears that there was some kind of biological filter that blocked the movements of some steppe-tundra plants and animals across the BLB.

A first telecoupling analysis of multi-species poaching trade in Nepal: When outside demands seek and distribute a local resource in times of globalization

Science.gov (United States)

Regmi, G. R.; Lama, R. P.; Puri, G.; Huettmann, F.

2016-12-01

Asia remains one of the last wilderness resources in the world. It's widely praised for those resources and they are in a global appreciation and demand. Considering open borders, many of them virtually uncontrollable in Asia, and globalization in full swing, precious local resources become available to a global audience without much constraint though. Nepal and its unique biodiversity presents us with one of such cases while hard data remain elusive. Here we present a first telecoupling analysis based on poaching and crime statistics presented in the public print national daily newspapers (Kantipur and Gorkhapatra) in Nepal. This review highlights a few high-profile species (timber: Sal Shorea robusta , Sissoo Dalbergia sissoo, Pine Pinus species; aromatic and medicinal plants: Red Sandal Wood Santalum album, Orchid Orchid species, Paris Paris polyphylla, Jatamashi Nardostachys grandiflora, Kutki Picrorhyza scrophulariiflora and wildlife: Royal Bengal Tiger Panthera tigris tigris, Rhino Rhinoceros unicornis, Pangolin Manis species, Common Leopard Panthera pardus, Red Panda Ailurus fulgens, Snow Leopard Panthera uncia) in Nepal, traded out directly and illegally to India and China. We provide a wider perspective regarding sending, receiving and spill-over agents. Arguably, the western world as the spill-over agent set up a globalization framework that allows for items, virtually any items, to be shipped across borders, e.g. done on foot, by car or plane. It further allows to create and satisfy a demand by the receiver (=nations in wider Asia), and a system that circumvents the legal structure in the sending location (=Nepal and its biodiversity hotspots and wilderness). We extend the traditional telecoupling analysis with a flow analysis of money, remittance payments and banking networks. This research describes for the first time such a system which is by now essentially found worldwide, how it operates, what devastating impacts it leaves behind on landscapes, and

SU-F-J-174: A Series of Computational Human Phantoms in DICOM-RT Format for Normal Tissue Dose Reconstruction in Epidemiological Studies

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pyakuryal, A; Moroz, B [National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD (United States); Lee, C [University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States); Pelletier, C; Jung, J [East Carolina University Greenville, NC (United States); Lee, C [National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (United States)

2016-06-15

Purpose: Epidemiological studies of second cancer risk in radiotherapy patients often require individualized dose estimates of normal tissues. Prior to 3D conformal radiation therapy planning, patient anatomy information was mostly limited to 2D radiological images or not even available. Generic patient CT images are often used in commercial radiotherapy treatment planning system (TPS) to reconstruct normal tissue doses. The objective of the current work was to develop a series of reference size computational human phantoms in DICOM-RT format for direct use in dose reconstruction in TPS. Methods: Contours of 93 organs and tissues were extracted from a series of pediatric and adult hybrid computational human phantoms (newborn, 1-, 5-, 10-, 15-year-old, and adult males and females) using Rhinoceros software. A MATLAB script was created to convert the contours into the DICOM-RT structure format. The simulated CT images with the resolution of 1×1×3 mm3 were also generated from the binary phantom format and coupled with the DICOM-structure files. Accurate volumes of the organs were drawn in the format using precise delineation of the contours in converted format. Due to complex geometry of organs, higher resolution (1×1×1 mm3) was found to be more efficient in the conversion of newborn and 1-year-old phantoms. Results: Contour sets were efficiently converted into DICOM-RT structures in relatively short time (about 30 minutes for each phantom). A good agreement was observed in the volumes between the original phantoms and the converted contours for large organs (NRMSD<1.0%) and small organs (NRMSD<7.7%). Conclusion: A comprehensive series of computational human phantoms in DICOM-RT format was created to support epidemiological studies of second cancer risks in radiotherapy patients. We confirmed the DICOM-RT phantoms were successfully imported into the TPS programs of major vendors.

Using seabird habitat modeling to inform marine spatial planning in central California's National Marine Sanctuaries.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jennifer McGowan

Full Text Available Understanding seabird habitat preferences is critical to future wildlife conservation and threat mitigation in California. The objective of this study was to investigate drivers of seabird habitat selection within the Gulf of the Farallones and Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuaries to identify areas for targeted conservation planning. We used seabird abundance data collected by the Applied California Current Ecosystem Studies Program (ACCESS from 2004-2011. We used zero-inflated negative binomial regression to model species abundance and distribution as a function of near surface ocean water properties, distances to geographic features and oceanographic climate indices to identify patterns in foraging habitat selection. We evaluated seasonal, inter-annual and species-specific variability of at-sea distributions for the five most abundant seabirds nesting on the Farallon Islands: western gull (Larus occidentalis, common murre (Uria aalge, Cassin's auklet (Ptychorampus aleuticus, rhinoceros auklet (Cerorhinca monocerata and Brandt's cormorant (Phalacrocorax penicillatus. The waters in the vicinity of Cordell Bank and the continental shelf east of the Farallon Islands emerged as persistent and highly selected foraging areas across all species. Further, we conducted a spatial prioritization exercise to optimize seabird conservation areas with and without considering impacts of current human activities. We explored three conservation scenarios where 10, 30 and 50 percent of highly selected, species-specific foraging areas would be conserved. We compared and contrasted results in relation to existing marine protected areas (MPAs and the future alternative energy footprint identified by the California Ocean Uses Atlas. Our results show that the majority of highly selected seabird habitat lies outside of state MPAs where threats from shipping, oil spills, and offshore energy development remain. This analysis accentuates the need for innovative marine

Revision of the rhinoceros beetle genus Oryctophileurus Kolbe with description of a new species, the male of O. varicosus Prell, and notes on biogeography (Scarabaeoidea, Dynastinae, Phileurini).

Science.gov (United States)

Perger, Robert; Grossi, Paschoal Coelho

2013-01-01

The genus Oryctophileurus is reviewed and its validity is supported by a combination of the following apomorphic characters: a single cephalic horn with lateral carina, pronotal cavity with ocellate punctures and two teeth or tubercles close behind the anterior pronotal margin. The male of Oryctophileurus varicosus Prell, 1934, is described for the first time. A new species, Oryctophileurus guerrai Perger & Grossi sp. n., from subhumid Tucuman-Bolivian forest in the Southern Bolivian Andes is described. The new species is distinguished from its closest relative, O. armicollis Prell, 1911, by a narrower distance between the inner teeth of the dorsal pronotal protuberances and a reduced area of weakly developed ocellate punctures above the posterolateral pronotal margin. The occurrence of Oryctophileurus species in areas of endemism along the eastern slope of the tropical Andes suggests that these populations represent biogeographic "relicts", and the discovery of Oryctophileurus guerrai sp. n. in the southern Bolivian Andes suggests that this area is underrated with respect to insect diversity and endemism.

Revision of the rhinoceros beetle genus Oryctophileurus Kolbe with description of a new species, the male of O. varicosus Prell, and notes on biogeography (Scarabaeoidea, Dynastinae, Phileurini

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Robert Perger

2013-11-01

Full Text Available The genus Oryctophileurus is reviewed and its validity is supported by a combination of the following apomorphic characters: a single cephalic horn with lateral carina, pronotal cavity with ocellate punctures and two teeth or tubercles close behind the anterior pronotal margin. The male of Oryctophileurus varicosus Prell, 1934, is described for the first time. A new species, Oryctophileurus guerrai Perger & Grossi sp. n., from subhumid Tucuman-Bolivian forest in the Southern Bolivian Andes is described. The new species is distinguished from its closest relative, O. armicollis Prell, 1911, by a narrower distance between the inner teeth of the dorsal pronotal protuberances and a reduced area of weakly developed ocellate punctures above the posterolateral pronotal margin. The occurrence of Oryctophileurus species in areas of endemism along the eastern slope of the tropical Andes suggests that these populations represent biogeographic “relicts”, and the discovery of Oryctophileurus guerrai sp. n. in the southern Bolivian Andes suggests that this area is underrated with respect to insect diversity and endemism.

Predgovor

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Milica Antić Gaber

2007-12-01

Razdrobljenost intelektualnih horizontov pa je žal še veliko večja. Tudi znotraj same humanistike postaja drobljenje znanstvenega in raziskovalnega prostora na ozko specializirane stroke resna zavora v razvoju humanističnih ved. Ob vse večjem številu specializiranih, v pristopu teoretsko in diskurzivno strogo zamejenih znanstvenih publikacij, njihovih tvorcev in bralcev, je potrebno ponuditi več prostora za nove, interdisciplinarno zasnovane znanstvene revije. Ars & Humanitas hoče biti prav to – spodbuditi želi povezovanje družboslovnih in humanističnih strok, okrepiti dialog med različnimi teoretskimi orientacijami, odpirati izvirne pristope k obravnavi tem, opozarjati na aktualne vidike interferenc in skrbeti za promocijo humanistike tako v strokovnih krogih kot v širši javnosti. Zasnova revije je tridelna: v nosilnem tematskem bloku (študije bodo objavljene študije domačih in tujih strokovnjakov, ki bodo odražale različne pristope k izbrani temi, medtem ko bo odprti blok (varia namenjen prispevkom, ki so v določenem trenutku posebej aktualni ali ponujajo svež pogled na obravnavano temo. Tretji del bo namenjen recenzijam najnovejših in najaktualnejših znanstvenih publikacij s širšega humanistično družboslovnega področja. Posebno pozornost bo revija namenjala nacionalni in regionalni specifiki humanistike in družboslovja znotraj Evropske unije, pa tudi promociji nacionalnih kultur in umetnosti. Skladno s tem je eno od pomembnih poslanstev revije Ars & Humanitas krepitev zavesti o pomenu jezika v razvoju humanistike, saj jezik v humanističnih znanostih presega vlogo orodja sporočanja in je neločljivo povezan s samim razvojem humanističnih znanosti. Revija je zasnovana na večjezičnosti, posebno skrb pa bo posvečala slovenski humanistiki in razvoju strokovne terminologije v slovenskem jeziku. V trenutku, ko globalizacija nezadržno spodjeda same temelje kulturne in intelektualne različnosti, ko sodobni razvojni trendi sleherno

O nekim postupovno-pravnim i opće-teorijskim prijeporima u svezi s jednom dopunom Zakonu o obveznim odnosima

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Marko Babić

1999-01-01

Full Text Available Ovim se radom prikazuju neke postupovnopravni i općeteorijski aspekti Zakona o dopunama Zakona o obveznim odnosima. Prvenstveno se želi ukazati na činjenicu da način na koji je država - u odnosnoj dopuni Zakonu o obveznim odnosima - uredila neka pitanja odgovornosti za štetu počinjenu od osoba kojima se služi, može voditi k tom da sebe sam oslobodi od vezanosti zakona što ih donosi, što može biti izvorom teških zloporaba u njezino ime. Pravo donositi zakone, kako to autor smatra, ne uključuje i ovlast samoj sebi kao parničnoj stranci propisati norm kojom se određuje tijek, ali i ishod parnice, ali što ne važi i za druge stranke. Ovdje se želi objasniti također i značenje derogacije postupovnih normi Zakona o parničnom postupku i to na način što se mogućnost prekidanja parnice između države i kakve druge stranke propisuje suprotno odredbama i duhu odnosnoga zakona. Također, ukazuje se (i na derogaciju materijalnopravnih normi Zakona o obveznim odnosima koje uređuju pitanje nadoknade štete od strane države kao odgovorne osobe. Najopćenitije, smatra se da je Zakonom o dopunama Zakona o obveznim odnosima napušten ideal o vladavini zakona i, što je samo nužnom implikacijom, zapravo srušen sam ratio legis, dakle duh i smisao zakona kao takvoga. Iz toga razloga nije iznenađujućim pomisliti da su i odredbe Ustava Republike Hrvatske koje se odnose na vladavinu prava i načelo nepovredivosti vlasništva na takav način, ne samo povrijeđene, već ostale i bez svoje smislenosti. S motrišta zdravoga praxisa sudbenoga, pokazano je i na konkretnim primjerima da ova zakonska norma otvara široka vrata unošenju potpunoga nereda u postupanje sudova koji se ogleda u neujednačenoj praksi, zapravo u donošenju odluka uporom na diskrecionarnost sudbenu, pokrivajući na taj način i nepostupanje sudova kakvim se nadomješćuje učinke prekida.

Poliklorirani bifenili – toksičnost i rizici

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Ivana Kmetič

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Poliklorirani bifenili (PCB-i pripadaju velikoj skupini sintetskih organokloriranih spojeva koji se međusobno razlikuju u fizikalno–kemijskim i toksikološkim svojstvima te imaju tendenciju bioakumulacije i biomagnifikacije u okolišu i unutar hranidbenih lanaca. Uslijed toga, ljudi mogu biti izloženi PCB-ima preko kontaminirane vode i hrane (riba, meso i mliječni proizvodi. Proizvodnja i uporaba PCB-a je određenim zakonskim propisima ograničena u većini zemalja Europske unije, dok je u nekima u potpunosti zabranjena. Međutim, u Republici Hrvatskoj rizik je još uvijek prisutan zbog vojnih razaranja tijekom Domovinskog rata (1991.-1995. u kojem su oštećeni ili uništeni mnogi elektroenergetski, industrijski i drugi objekti iz kojih je došlo do istjecanja PCB-a. Postoji potreba provedbe daljnjih aktivnosti na sanaciji kontaminiranih lokacija i zbrinjavanju transformatora i kondenzatora u kojima su korišteni PCB-i te je nužno uspostaviti monitoring i ostalih postojanih organskih onečišćujućih tvari (POP-s u okolišu sukladno provedbi Stockholmske konvencije čija je supotpisnica i Republika Hrvatska. Dosadašnja znanstvena istraživanja ukazuju na razne negativne učinke PCB-a na ljudsko zdravlje. Dokazano je da PCB-i mogu poremetiti endokrinu homeostazu organizma i izazvati reprodukcijsku toksičnost te da djeluju imunotoksično, neurotoksično, genotoksično. Stupanj toksičnosti pojedinog PCB kongenera uvelike ovisi o poziciji i broju supstituiranih atoma klora, pri čemu se planarni PCB-i koji u orto položaju ne sadrže atome klora ( ili sadrže svega jedan atom klora smatraju toksičnijima. Strukturna sličnost između planarnih kongenera i dioksina objašnjava njihov mehanizam djelovanja posredovan aril ugljikovodičnim receptorom (AhR, dok su neplanarni PCB-i slabi antagonisti AhR-a. Treba napomenuti da svi toksični efekti ne ovise o Ah-receptoru te PCB-i koji nemaju planarnu strukturu i koji su orto supstituirani mogu

SU-E-T-61: A Practical Process for Fabricating Passive Scatter Proton Beam Modulation Compensation Filters Using 3D Printing

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhao, T; Drzymala, R

2015-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this project was to devise a practical fabrication process for passive scatter proton beam compensation filters (CF) that is competitive in time, cost and effort using 3D printing. Methods: DICOM compensator filter files for a proton beam were generated by our Eclipse (Varian, Inc.) treatment planning system. The compensator thickness specifications were extracted with in-house software written in Matlab (MathWorks, Inc.) code and written to a text file which could be read by the Rhinoceros 5, computer-aided design (CAD) package (Robert McNeel and Associates), which subsequently generated a smoothed model in a STereoLithographic also known as a Standard Tesselation Language file (STL). The model in the STL file was subsequently refined using Netfabb software and then converted to printing instructions using Cura. version 15.02.1. for our 3D printer. The Airwolf3D, model HD2x, fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printer (Airwolf3D.com) was used for our fabrication system with a print speed of 150mm per second. It can print in over 22 different plastic filament materials in a build volume of 11” x 8” x 12”. We choose ABS plastic to print the 3D model of the imprint for our CFs. Results: Prints of the CF could be performed at a print speed of 70mm per second. The time to print the 3D topology for the CF for the 14 cm diameter snout of our Mevion 250 proton accelerator was less than 3 hours. The printed model is intended to subsequently be used as a mold to imprint a molten wax cylindrical to form the compensation after cooling. The whole process should be performed for a typical 3 beam treatment plan within a day. Conclusion: Use of 3D printing is practical and can be used to print a 3D model of a CF within a few hours

Influence of occlusal contact area on cusp defection and stress distribution.

Science.gov (United States)

Costa, Anna Karina Figueiredo; Xavier, Thaty Aparecida; Paes-Junior, Tarcisio José Arruda; Andreatta-Filho, Oswaldo Daniel; Borges, Alexandre Luiz Souto

2014-11-01

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of occlusal contact area for loading on the cuspal defection and stress distribution in a first premolar restored with a high elastic modulus restorative material. The Rhinoceros 4.0 software was used for modeling the three-dimensional geometries of dental and periodontal structures and the inlay restoration. Thus, two different models, intact and restored teeth with three occlusal contact areas, 0.1, 0.5 and 0.75 mm(2), on enamel at the occlusal surface of buccal and lingual cusps. Finite element analysis (FEA) was performed with the program ANSYS (Workbench 13.0), which generated a mesh with tetrahedral elements with greater refinement in the regions of interest, and was constrained at the bases of cortical and trabecular bone in all axis and loaded with 100 N normal to each contact area. To analysis of maximum principal stress, the smaller occlusal contact area showed greater compressive stress in region of load application for both the intact and inlay restored tooth. However, tensile stresses at the occlusal isthmus were similar for all three tested occlusal contact areas (60 MPa). To displacement of the cusps was higher for teeth with inlay (0.46-0.48 mm). For intact teeth, the smaller contact area showed greater displacement (0.10 mm). For teeth with inlays, the displacement of the cusps were similar in all types of occlusal area. Cuspal displacement was higher in the restored tooth when compared to the intact tooth, but there were no significant variations even with changes in the occlusal contact area. RELEVANCE CLINICAL: Occlusal contacts have a great influence on the positioning of teeth being able to maintain the position and stability of the mandible. Axial loads would be able to generate more uniform stress at the root presenting a greater concentration of load application in the point and the occlusal surface. Thus, is necessary to analyze the relationship between these occlusal contacts as dental

Applying Bim to Built Heritage with Complex Shapes: the Ice House of Filarete's Ospedale Maggiore in Milan, Italy

Science.gov (United States)

Oreni, D.; Karimi, G.; Barazzetti, L.

2017-08-01

This paper presents the development of a BIM model for a stratified historic structure characterized by a complex geometry: Filarete's Ospedale Maggiore ice house, one of the few remaining historic ice houses in Milan (Fig. 1). Filarete, a well-known Renaissance architect and theorist, planned the hospital in the 15th century, but the ice house was built two centuries later with a double-storey irregular octagonal brick structure, half under and half above ground, that enclosed another circular structure called the ice room. The purpose of the double-walled structure was to store ice in the middle and store and preserve perishable food and medicine at the outer side of the ice room. During World War II, major portions of the hospital and the above-ground section of the ice house was bombed and heavily damaged. Later, in 1962, the hospital was restored and rehabilitated into a university, with the plan to conceal the ice house's remaining structure in the courtyard, which ultimately was excavated and incorporated into a new library for the university. A team of engineers, architects, and students from Politecnico di Milano and Carleton University conducted two heritage recording surveys in 2015 and 2016 to fully document the existing condition of the ice house, resulting in an inclusive laser scanner and photogrammetric point cloud dataset. The point cloud data was consolidated and imported into two leading parametric modelling software, Autodesk Revitand Graphisoft ArchiCAD©, with the goal to develop two BIMs in parallel in order to study and compare the software BIM workflow, parametric capabilities, attributes to capture the complex geometry with high accuracy, and the duration for parametric modelling. The comparison study of the two software revealed their workflow limitations, leading to integration of the BIM generative process with other pure modelling software such as Rhinoceros©. The integrative BIM process led to the production of a comprehensive BIM

SU-E-T-61: A Practical Process for Fabricating Passive Scatter Proton Beam Modulation Compensation Filters Using 3D Printing

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhao, T; Drzymala, R [Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (United States)

2015-06-15

Purpose: The purpose of this project was to devise a practical fabrication process for passive scatter proton beam compensation filters (CF) that is competitive in time, cost and effort using 3D printing. Methods: DICOM compensator filter files for a proton beam were generated by our Eclipse (Varian, Inc.) treatment planning system. The compensator thickness specifications were extracted with in-house software written in Matlab (MathWorks, Inc.) code and written to a text file which could be read by the Rhinoceros 5, computer-aided design (CAD) package (Robert McNeel and Associates), which subsequently generated a smoothed model in a STereoLithographic also known as a Standard Tesselation Language file (STL). The model in the STL file was subsequently refined using Netfabb software and then converted to printing instructions using Cura. version 15.02.1. for our 3D printer. The Airwolf3D, model HD2x, fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printer (Airwolf3D.com) was used for our fabrication system with a print speed of 150mm per second. It can print in over 22 different plastic filament materials in a build volume of 11” x 8” x 12”. We choose ABS plastic to print the 3D model of the imprint for our CFs. Results: Prints of the CF could be performed at a print speed of 70mm per second. The time to print the 3D topology for the CF for the 14 cm diameter snout of our Mevion 250 proton accelerator was less than 3 hours. The printed model is intended to subsequently be used as a mold to imprint a molten wax cylindrical to form the compensation after cooling. The whole process should be performed for a typical 3 beam treatment plan within a day. Conclusion: Use of 3D printing is practical and can be used to print a 3D model of a CF within a few hours.

SU-E-J-93: Development of Pre-Contoured Human Model Library in DICOM-RT Format for the Epidemiological Study of the Radiotherapy Patients

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pyakuryal, A; Lee, C; Lee, C; Pelletier, C; Jung, J

2015-01-01

Purpose: Prior to 3D conformal radiation therapy planning, patient anatomy information was mostly limited to 2D beams-eye-view from the conventional simulator. To analyze the outcomes of such treatments for radiation late effects, 3D computational human models are often used in commercial treatment planning systems (TPSs). However, several underlying difficulties such as time-consuming manual delineation procedures of a large number of structures in the model have always limited its applications. Primary objective of this work was to develop a human model library for the epidemiological study by converting 3D-surface model organs to DICOM-RT format (DICOM-RT structure) using an in-house built software. We converted the ICRP reference human models to DICOM-RT models, which can be readily adopted for various dose calculations. Methods: MATLAB based code were utilized to convert the contour drawings extracted in text-format from the 3D graphic-tool, Rhinoceros into DICOM-RT structure format for 50 different organs of each model using a 16GB dual-core processor. The conversion periods were measured for each DICOM-RT models, and the reconstructed structure volumes were validated against the original 3D-surface models in the TPS. Ten reference hybrid whole-body models (8-pediatric and 2-adults) were automatically processed to create DICOM-RT computational human model library. Results: Mean contour conversion period was found to be 580 (N=2) and 394.5 (N=8) seconds for 50 organs in the adult and pediatric models respectively. A good agreement for large organs (NRMSD <1.0%) and small organs (NRMSD <7.7%) was also observed between the original volumes and corresponding DICOM-RT structure volumes of the organs. Conclusion: The ICRP reference human models were converted into DICOM-RT format to support the epidemiological study using a large cohort of conventional radiotherapy patients. Due to its DICOM-compatibility, the library may be implemented to many other different

Natural killer cell receptor genes in the family Equidae: not only Ly49.

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Jan Futas

Full Text Available Natural killer (NK cells have important functions in immunity. NK recognition in mammals can be mediated through killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR and/or killer cell lectin-like Ly49 receptors. Genes encoding highly variable NK cell receptors (NKR represent rapidly evolving genomic regions. No single conservative model of NKR genes was observed in mammals. Single-copy low polymorphic NKR genes present in one mammalian species may expand into highly polymorphic multigene families in other species. In contrast to other non-rodent mammals, multiple Ly49-like genes appear to exist in the horse, while no functional KIR genes were observed in this species. In this study, Ly49 and KIR were sought and their evolution was characterized in the entire family Equidae. Genomic sequences retrieved showed the presence of at least five highly conserved polymorphic Ly49 genes in horses, asses and zebras. These findings confirmed that the expansion of Ly49 occurred in the entire family. Several KIR-like sequences were also identified in the genome of Equids. Besides a previously identified non-functional KIR-Immunoglobulin-like transcript fusion gene (KIR-ILTA and two putative pseudogenes, a KIR3DL-like sequence was analyzed. In contrast to previous observations made in the horse, the KIR3DL sequence, genomic organization and mRNA expression suggest that all Equids might produce a functional KIR receptor protein molecule with a single non-mutated immune tyrosine-based inhibition motif (ITIM domain. No evidence for positive selection in the KIR3DL gene was found. Phylogenetic analysis including rhinoceros and tapir genomic DNA and deduced amino acid KIR-related sequences showed differences between families and even between species within the order Perissodactyla. The results suggest that the order Perissodactyla and its family Equidae with expanded Ly49 genes and with a potentially functional KIR gene may represent an interesting model for

Natural Killer Cell Receptor Genes in the Family Equidae: Not only Ly49

Science.gov (United States)

Futas, Jan; Horin, Petr

2013-01-01

Natural killer (NK) cells have important functions in immunity. NK recognition in mammals can be mediated through killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) and/or killer cell lectin-like Ly49 receptors. Genes encoding highly variable NK cell receptors (NKR) represent rapidly evolving genomic regions. No single conservative model of NKR genes was observed in mammals. Single-copy low polymorphic NKR genes present in one mammalian species may expand into highly polymorphic multigene families in other species. In contrast to other non-rodent mammals, multiple Ly49-like genes appear to exist in the horse, while no functional KIR genes were observed in this species. In this study, Ly49 and KIR were sought and their evolution was characterized in the entire family Equidae. Genomic sequences retrieved showed the presence of at least five highly conserved polymorphic Ly49 genes in horses, asses and zebras. These findings confirmed that the expansion of Ly49 occurred in the entire family. Several KIR-like sequences were also identified in the genome of Equids. Besides a previously identified non-functional KIR-Immunoglobulin-like transcript fusion gene (KIR-ILTA) and two putative pseudogenes, a KIR3DL-like sequence was analyzed. In contrast to previous observations made in the horse, the KIR3DL sequence, genomic organization and mRNA expression suggest that all Equids might produce a functional KIR receptor protein molecule with a single non-mutated immune tyrosine-based inhibition motif (ITIM) domain. No evidence for positive selection in the KIR3DL gene was found. Phylogenetic analysis including rhinoceros and tapir genomic DNA and deduced amino acid KIR-related sequences showed differences between families and even between species within the order Perissodactyla. The results suggest that the order Perissodactyla and its family Equidae with expanded Ly49 genes and with a potentially functional KIR gene may represent an interesting model for evolutionary biology of

The UF family of hybrid phantoms of the developing human fetus for computational radiation dosimetry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Maynard, Matthew R; Geyer, John W; Bolch, Wesley; Aris, John P; Shifrin, Roger Y

2011-01-01

Historically, the development of computational phantoms for radiation dosimetry has primarily been directed at capturing and representing adult and pediatric anatomy, with less emphasis devoted to models of the human fetus. As concern grows over possible radiation-induced cancers from medical and non-medical exposures of the pregnant female, the need to better quantify fetal radiation doses, particularly at the organ-level, also increases. Studies such as the European Union's SOLO (Epidemiological Studies of Exposed Southern Urals Populations) hope to improve our understanding of cancer risks following chronic in utero radiation exposure. For projects such as SOLO, currently available fetal anatomic models do not provide sufficient anatomical detail for organ-level dose assessment. To address this need, two fetal hybrid computational phantoms were constructed using high-quality magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography image sets obtained for two well-preserved fetal specimens aged 11.5 and 21 weeks post-conception. Individual soft tissue organs, bone sites and outer body contours were segmented from these images using 3D-DOCTOR(TM) and then imported to the 3D modeling software package Rhinoceros(TM) for further modeling and conversion of soft tissue organs, certain bone sites and outer body contours to deformable non-uniform rational B-spline surfaces. The two specimen-specific phantoms, along with a modified version of the 38 week UF hybrid newborn phantom, comprised a set of base phantoms from which a series of hybrid computational phantoms was derived for fetal ages 8, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 38 weeks post-conception. The methodology used to construct the series of phantoms accounted for the following age-dependent parameters: (1) variations in skeletal size and proportion, (2) bone-dependent variations in relative levels of bone growth, (3) variations in individual organ masses and total fetal masses and (4) statistical percentile variations in

Special K: testing the potassium link between radioactive rubidium (86Rb) turnover and metabolic rate.

Science.gov (United States)

Tomlinson, Sean; Mathialagan, Priya D; Maloney, Shane K

2014-04-01

The measurement of (86)Rb turnover recently has been suggested as a useful method for measuring field metabolic rate in small animals. We investigated a proposed mechanism of (86)Rb turnover, its analogy to K(+), by comparing the turnover of (86)Rb in a model insect, the rhinoceros beetle Xylotrupes gideon, fed a diet of plum jam or plum jam enriched with K(+) or Rb(+). The turnover of (86)Rb in the beetles on the K(+) and the Rb(+) diets was higher than that for beetles on the jam diet (F2,311=32.4; P=1.58×10(-13)). We also exposed the beetles to different ambient temperatures to induce differences in metabolic rate ( ) while feeding them the jam and K(+) diets. was higher at higher ambient temperature (Ta) for both jam (F1,11=14.56; P=0.003) and K(+) (F1,8=15.39; P=0.004) dietary groups, and the turnover of (86)Rb was higher at higher Ta for both jam (F1,11=10.80; P=0.007) and K(+) (F1,8=12.34; P=0.008) dietary groups. There was a significant relationship between (86)Rb turnover and for both the jam (F1,11=35.00; P=1.0×10(-3)) and the K(+) (F1,8=64.33; P=4.3×10(-5)) diets, but the relationship differed between the diets (F1,19=14.07; P=0.001), with a higher (86)Rb turnover in beetles on the K(+)-enriched than on the jam diet at all Ta. We conclude that (86)Rb turnover is related to K(+) metabolism, and that this is the mechanism of the relationship between (86)Rb turnover and . Studies relating (86)Rb turnover to should maintain dietary [K] as close as possible to that of natural diets for the most accurate calibrations for free-ranging animals.

SU-E-J-93: Development of Pre-Contoured Human Model Library in DICOM-RT Format for the Epidemiological Study of the Radiotherapy Patients

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pyakuryal, A; Lee, C [National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (United States); Lee, C [University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States); Pelletier, C [East Carolina University, Greenville, NC (United States); Jung, J [East Carolina Univ, Greenville, NC (United States)

2015-06-15

Purpose: Prior to 3D conformal radiation therapy planning, patient anatomy information was mostly limited to 2D beams-eye-view from the conventional simulator. To analyze the outcomes of such treatments for radiation late effects, 3D computational human models are often used in commercial treatment planning systems (TPSs). However, several underlying difficulties such as time-consuming manual delineation procedures of a large number of structures in the model have always limited its applications. Primary objective of this work was to develop a human model library for the epidemiological study by converting 3D-surface model organs to DICOM-RT format (DICOM-RT structure) using an in-house built software. We converted the ICRP reference human models to DICOM-RT models, which can be readily adopted for various dose calculations. Methods: MATLAB based code were utilized to convert the contour drawings extracted in text-format from the 3D graphic-tool, Rhinoceros into DICOM-RT structure format for 50 different organs of each model using a 16GB dual-core processor. The conversion periods were measured for each DICOM-RT models, and the reconstructed structure volumes were validated against the original 3D-surface models in the TPS. Ten reference hybrid whole-body models (8-pediatric and 2-adults) were automatically processed to create DICOM-RT computational human model library. Results: Mean contour conversion period was found to be 580 (N=2) and 394.5 (N=8) seconds for 50 organs in the adult and pediatric models respectively. A good agreement for large organs (NRMSD <1.0%) and small organs (NRMSD <7.7%) was also observed between the original volumes and corresponding DICOM-RT structure volumes of the organs. Conclusion: The ICRP reference human models were converted into DICOM-RT format to support the epidemiological study using a large cohort of conventional radiotherapy patients. Due to its DICOM-compatibility, the library may be implemented to many other different

Influência da configuração urbana na geração fotovoltaica com sistemas integrados às fachadas

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Laura Rendón Gaviria

Full Text Available O processo de adensamento das cidades e o aumento no consumo de energia fazem dos centros urbanos um dos setores de maior impacto no balanço energético mundial, sendo responsável por 70% do consumo total e energia. A geração de energia fotovoltaica apresenta uma grande vantagem, visto que geração e consumo podem ter coincidência espacial e temporal. Além disso, no caso das grandes cidades, as edificações apresentam formatos principalmente verticais e existe escassez de áreas horizontais disponíveis para a instalação de painéis fotovoltaicos. O objetivo do presente trabalho é, então, avaliar o potencial de aplicação de painéis fotovoltaicos em fachadas de edificações dentro de diferentes configurações urbanas, considerando o impacto do entorno construído. Foram analisados diferentes modelos, variando parâmetros arquitetônicos e urbanos, por meio de simulações dinâmicas no plug-in Diva, dentro do programa Rhinoceros. Estabeleceu-se para cada configuração urbana o potencial de geração fotovoltaica das superfícies verticais opacas e, finalmente, foram identificados os modelos uniformes como aqueles que apresentam a melhor relação entre demanda e geração. Os resultados deste estudo indicam que a determinação da eficiência dos modelos depende em grande medida da disponibilidade de superfícies para a geração FV (fachadas ou fachadas e cobertura. Comprovou-se um comportamento similar entre os modelos uniformes e mistos, e um decréscimo no desempenho dos cenários miolo de quadra, devido à reduzida área de cobertura, embora o vazio central ofereça altos níveis de acessibilidade solar nas fachadas.

Experimental RA reactor operation with 80% enriched fuel - Program of experimental operation: a) Program of experimental operation with 80% enriched fuel at low power, b) contents of the experimental operation with 80% enriched fuel at higher power levels; Program probnog rada: a) Program probnog rada reaktora sa 80% obogacenim gorivom na malim snagama, b) sadrzaj programa probnog rada reaktora RA sa 80% obogacenim gorivom na vecim snagama

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Martinc, R; Sotic, O; Skoric, M; Cupac, S; Bulovic, V; Maric, I; Marinkov, L [Institute of Nuclear Sciences Boris Kidric, Vinca, Beograd (Serbia and Montenegro)

1980-10-15

Highly enriched (80%) uranium oxide fuel was regularly used in the mixed reactor core with the 2% enriched fuel since 1976. The most important changes related to reactor operation, in comparison with the original design project were related to reactor core fuelling schemes. At the end of 1979 reactor was shutdown due to the corrosion coating noticed on some fuel elements and due to decrease quality of the heavy water. Subsequently the Sanitary inspector of Serbia has prohibited further reactor operation. Restart of the reactor will not be a simple continuation of operation. It is indispensable to perform complete experimental program including measurements of critical parameters at different power levels for the core with fresh 80% enriched fuel. The aim of this document is to obtain working permission and its contents are in agreement with the procedure demanded by the Safety Committee of the Institute. It includes results of optimization and safety analysis for the initial reactor core. Since the permission for restart is not obtained, a separate RA reactor safety report is prepared in addition to the program for experimental operation. This report includes: detailed program for reactor experimental operation with 80% enriched fuel in the core at low power levels, and contents of the experimental operation with 80% enriched fuel in the core at higher power levels. [Serbo-Croat] Od decembra 1976. godine redovno je korisceno 80% obogaceno gorivo u mesanoj resetki reaktorskog jezgra sa 2% obogacenim gorivom. Najvece izmene na reaktoru u odnosu na originalni projekat izvrsene su u nacinu rukovanja gorivom. Krajem marta 1979. godine obustavljen je rad reaktora usled naslaga na gorivnim elementima i loseg stanja teske vode. Naknadno je izdata zabrana za rad reaktora od strane Sanitarnog inspektora SR Srbije. Ponovno pustanje reaktora u rad nece biti jednostavan nastavak rada. Neophodno je da se izvede kompletan program merenja kriticnih parametara i drugih

Distribucijske greške u procesu procjene performansi zaposlenih/Distribution errors in the employee performance evaluation process

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Vesko M. Lukovac

2014-10-01

Full Text Available Racionalno angažovanje, usmjeravanje i razvoj, motivisanje i nagrađivanje, unapređenje organizacijske efikasnosti i poslovanja teško se može ostvariti ukoliko se ne vrši ocjenjivanje kvaliteta rada zaposlenih. U literaturi o manadžmentu ova tehnika je poznata pod nazivom 'procjena performansi zaposlenih'. Performansa ili učinak može biti bilo neki mjerljiv rezultat koji je ostvaren, bilo ponašanje ili lične karakteristike neophodne za obavljanje određene aktivnosti u definisanom periodu. U poslednje vrijeme razvija se poseban menadžerski pristup - 'upravljanje uspješnošću' (Performance Management sa ciljem da se procjena performansi i upotreba rezultata procjene u rukovođenju, čiji je cilj unapređenje performansi - uspješnosti zaposlenih, integrišu. S obzirom na to da je procjena performansi zaposlenog najčešće rezultat subjektivnog suda procjenjivača o kvalitetu njegovog rada, mora se voditi računa o mogućim greškama koje karakterišu takav način prosuđivanja. Postoji više tipova grešaka koje procjenjivači mogu počiniti prilikom procesa procjene performansi zaposlenih, a u ovom radu prikazan je pristup identifikaciji i umanjenju distribucijskih grešaka procjenjivača, kao najrasprostranjenijih u organizacijama sa većim brojem zaposlenih. / It is difficult to achieve rational engagement, directing and developing, motivating, rewarding, and improving organizational efficiency, without the evaluation of the quality of job performance of employees. In management literature, this technique is known as 'employee performance evaluation'. Performance or productivity may be either a measurable result that has been achieved, or behaviour or personal characteristics necessary for performing certain activities in a defined period of time. Recently, a special management approach 'performance management' has been developed, in order to integrate the performance evaluation and the use of assessment results in management

Izlaganje na javni uvid podataka o nekretninama i utvrđivanje prava na zemljištu u funkciji uspostave jedinstvenog registra zemljišta i prava na zemljištu u Brčko distriktu BiH : Public presentation of data on real-estate and determination of rights in function of the establishment of a single registry of real-estate and real rights to real-estate in the Brcko district of B&H

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Faruk Latifović

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Zakon o registru zemljišta i prava na zemljištu Brčko distrikta Bosne i Hercegovine je propisao uspostavu jedinstvene evidencije nekretnina i stvarnih prava na nekretninama u Brčko distriktu Bosne i Hercegovine. Poslovi uspostave jedinstvene evidencije, u segmentu izlaganja na javni uvid podataka o nekretninama i utvrđivanje prava, su povjereni Vijeću za izlaganje podataka o nekretninama i utvrđivanje prava na zemljištu Brčko distrikta Bosne i Hercegovine. Autor se, u ovom radu, uz nezaobilazan kraći prikaz historijata javnih evidencija na nekretninama u Bosni i Hercegovini, bavi organizacijom, nadležnostima i načinom rada Vijeća za izlaganje podataka o nekretninama i utvrđivanje prava na zemljištu Brčko distrikta BIH. Nakon što bude uspješno okončan projekat izlaganje podataka o nekretninama i utvrđivanje prava na zemljištu u Brčko distriktu BiH, svi geodetsko – katastarski podaci o nepokretnostima kao i podaci o njihovom pravnom statusu će biti vođeni u Registru zemljišta i prava na zemljištu Osnovnog suda Brčko distrikta BiH. : The Law of Land Registry and Rights over Land of the Brčko District of B&H stipulated the establishment of a single registry of real-estate and real rights to real-estate in the Brčko District of B&H. Activities of the establishment of a single registry, in the segment of public presentation of data on real-estate and determination of rights, were entrusted to the Council for Presentation of Data on Real-estate and Establishment of Rights to Land of the Brčko District of B&H. In this paper, the author presents the inevitable short overview of the history of real-estate registries in Bosnia and Herzegovina and he also deals with organization, competencies and manner of work of the Council for Presentation of Data on Real-estate and Establishment of Rights to Land of the Brčko District of B&H. After a successful completion of the project of presentation of data on real-estate and

Project profitability analysis / Анализ окупаемости инвестиционного проекта / Analiza isplativosti projekta

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Aleksandar Ž. Drenovac

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Numerous activities in modern business are performed through projects. Since projects are often very expensive, long-lasting, ans involve large amounts of assets and people for completing them, a decision about starting a project is to be based on measurable parameters. / Решение о разработке и осуществлении проекта должно быть основано на измеряемых параметрах. Следовательно, выбор проектов на портфельном уровне делается на основании анализа параметров NPV, ROI, IRR и PbP. Ответственные лица обязаны владеть информацией и знаниями о характеристиках и взаимосвязи между данными параметрами, так как это является важным фактором успеха в организации и управлении инвестициями. / Odluka o pokretanju i realizaciji projekta mora biti zasnovana na merljivim pokazateljima. Zato se izbor projekta na portfolio nivou zasniva na analizi parametara NPV, ROI, IRR i PbP. Donosioci odluka moraju poznavati karakteristike i veze datih parametara i, na osnovu njihove značajnosti za organizaciju, adekvatno upravljati investicijama.

TU-H-BRC-01: A New Fabrication Method for Secondary Skin Collimation Using 3D Scanner and 3D Printer

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jung, J [The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, N/A (Korea, Republic of); Potter, N; Suh, T [The catholic university of Korea, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Liu, C [University Florida, Gainesville, FL (United States); Lu, B [University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (United States)

2016-06-15

Purpose: Using secondary skin collimation (SSC) to protect the critical organ surrounding the tumors is always desirable for electron and/or ortho-voltage treatments. However, the time-consuming and labor-intensive fabrication processes of current method (manually fabricate the lead mask) restrict the general use of SSC. The aim of this study is to develop a new SSC fabrication method using 3D scanning and 3D printing technologies in order to largely decrease the human labor involvement and fabrication time, also improve the fabrication accuracy. Methods: First, the patient surface was scanned with a 3D scanner (Structure Sensor, Occipital, CO). The raw scan data was subsequently transferred to a 3D modeling software (Rhinoceros, Ver. 5.0, McNeel North America, Seattle, WA). The tumor contour was then digitized and shielding region was determined by clinicians in the same software. The corresponding SCC conformed to the skin surface was then automatically generated by the software with the proper shielding thickness. The shell of the SCC (with hollow inside) was consequently printed by a 3D printer (Lulzbot TAZ, Aleph Objects, CO) using plastic material. Finally, the hollow mold of SCC was filled up with a melted cerrobend alloy. Once the cerrobend alloy cooled down, the fabrication of SCC was accomplished. Results: The results indicated the proposed method can achieve a much shorter time on making a SCC compared with tradition fabrication method. The processes of making a skin contour model for patients have been eliminated with the new method. SCC created by the new method possessed better accuracy and better conformality to patient’s skin contours. Conclusion: In this study, we have demonstrated a new method for the SCC fabrication. It is anticipated that our method can be an alternative way to replace conventional manual-based methods for electron and/or ortho-voltage SCC fabrication. This research was supported by the Global Ph.D. Fellowship Program through

High-latitude steppe vegetation and the mineral nutrition of Pleistocene herbivores

Science.gov (United States)

Davydov, S. P.; Davydova, A.; Makarevich, R.; Loranty, M. M.; Boeskorov, G.

2014-12-01

High-latitude steppes were widespread and zonal in the Late Pleistocene and formed a landscape basis for the Mammoth Biome. Now the patches of these steppes survived on steep slopes under southern aspects. These steppes serve as unique information sources about the Late Pleistocene "Mammoth" steppe. Numerous data obtained by palynological, carpological, and DNA analysis of plant remains from feces and stomach contents of Pleistocene herbivore mummies, as well as from buried soils and enclosing deposits show that they are similar to modern steppe plant assemblage in taxa composition. Plant's nutrient concentrations are of fundamental importance across Pleistocene grass-rich ecosystems because of their role in the support of large herbivores. The average weight of an adult mammoth skeleton (about 0.5 tons) and of a woolly rhinoceros (about 0.2 tons) clearly suggests this. Detailed studies on fossil bone remains showed mineral deficiency in large Pleistocene herbivores. A three-year study of ash and mineral contents of two types of relict steppe vegetation at the Kolyma Lowland, Arctic Siberia has been carried out. Nowadays refugia of similar vegetation are located not far (1 - 15km) from the Yedoma permafrost outcrops were abundant fossil remains are found. Dominant species of the steppe vegetation were sampled. Preliminary studies indicate that the ash-content varied 1.5-2 times in speceies of steppe herbs. The Ca, P, Mg, K element contents was higher for most steppe species than in the local herbaceous vegetation, especially in Ca and P. One of the most important elements of the mineral nutrition, the phosphorus, was always found in higher concentrations in the steppe vegetation than in plants of recently dominant landscapes of the study area. It should be noted that the mineral nutrient content of the modern steppe vegetation of Siberian Arctic is comparable to that of the recent zonal steppe of Transbaikal Region. This study supports the hypothesis that

TU-H-BRC-01: A New Fabrication Method for Secondary Skin Collimation Using 3D Scanner and 3D Printer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jung, J; Potter, N; Suh, T; Liu, C; Lu, B

2016-01-01

Purpose: Using secondary skin collimation (SSC) to protect the critical organ surrounding the tumors is always desirable for electron and/or ortho-voltage treatments. However, the time-consuming and labor-intensive fabrication processes of current method (manually fabricate the lead mask) restrict the general use of SSC. The aim of this study is to develop a new SSC fabrication method using 3D scanning and 3D printing technologies in order to largely decrease the human labor involvement and fabrication time, also improve the fabrication accuracy. Methods: First, the patient surface was scanned with a 3D scanner (Structure Sensor, Occipital, CO). The raw scan data was subsequently transferred to a 3D modeling software (Rhinoceros, Ver. 5.0, McNeel North America, Seattle, WA). The tumor contour was then digitized and shielding region was determined by clinicians in the same software. The corresponding SCC conformed to the skin surface was then automatically generated by the software with the proper shielding thickness. The shell of the SCC (with hollow inside) was consequently printed by a 3D printer (Lulzbot TAZ, Aleph Objects, CO) using plastic material. Finally, the hollow mold of SCC was filled up with a melted cerrobend alloy. Once the cerrobend alloy cooled down, the fabrication of SCC was accomplished. Results: The results indicated the proposed method can achieve a much shorter time on making a SCC compared with tradition fabrication method. The processes of making a skin contour model for patients have been eliminated with the new method. SCC created by the new method possessed better accuracy and better conformality to patient’s skin contours. Conclusion: In this study, we have demonstrated a new method for the SCC fabrication. It is anticipated that our method can be an alternative way to replace conventional manual-based methods for electron and/or ortho-voltage SCC fabrication. This research was supported by the Global Ph.D. Fellowship Program through

Spatio-temporal variation in prevalence of Rift Valley fever: a post-epidemic serum survey in cattle and wildlife in Kenya.

Science.gov (United States)

Lwande, Olivia Wesula; Paul, George Omondi; Chiyo, Patrick I; Ng'ang'a, Eliud; Otieno, Viola; Obanda, Vincent; Evander, Magnus

2015-01-01

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a fatal arthropod-borne zoonotic disease of livestock and humans. Since the identification of RVF in Kenya in the 1930s, repeated epizootics and epidemics coinciding with El Niño events have occurred in several locations in Africa and Saudi Arabia, causing mass deaths of livestock and humans. RVF is of great interest worldwide because of its negative effect on international livestock trade and its potential to spread globally. The latter is due to the increasing incidence of extreme climatic phenomena caused by global warming, as well as to the increase in global trade and international travel. How RVF is maintained and sustained between epidemics and epizootics is not clearly understood, but it has been speculated that wildlife reservoirs and trans-ovarian transmission in the vector may be important. Several studies have examined the role of wildlife and livestock in isolation or in a limited geographical location within the one country over a short time (usually less than a year). In this study, we examined the seroprevalence of anti-RVF antibodies in cattle and several wildlife species from several locations in Kenya over an inter-epidemic period spanning up to 7 years. A serological survey of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to RVF using competitive ELISA was undertaken on 297 serum samples from different wildlife species at various locations in Kenya. The samples were collected between 2008 and 2015. Serum was also collected in 2014 from 177 cattle from Ol Pejeta Conservancy; 113 of the cattle were in close contact with wildlife and the other 64 were kept separate from buffalo and large game by an electric fence. The seroprevalence of RVF virus (RVFV) antibody was 11.6% in wildlife species during the study period. Cattle that could come in contact with wildlife and large game were all negative for RVFV. The seroprevalence was relatively high in elephants, rhinoceros, and buffalo, but there were no antibodies in zebras, baboons

Molecular evolution of the mitochondrial 12S rRNA in Ungulata (mammalia).

Science.gov (United States)

Douzery, E; Catzeflis, F M

1995-11-01

The complete 12S rRNA gene has been sequenced in 4 Ungulata (hoofed eutherians) and 1 marsupial and compared to 38 available mammalian sequences in order to investigate the molecular evolution of the mitochondrial small-subunit ribosomal RNA molecule. Ungulata were represented by one artiodactyl (the collared peccary, Tayassu tajacu, suborder Suiformes), two perissodactyls (the Grevy's zebra, Equus grevyi, suborder Hippomorpha; the white rhinoceros, Ceratotherium simum, suborder Ceratomorpha), and one hyracoid (the tree hyrax, Dendrohyrax dorsalis). The fifth species was a marsupial, the eastern gray kangaroo (Macropus giganteus). Several transition/transversion biases characterized the pattern of changes between mammalian 12S rRNA molecules. A bias toward transitions was found among 12S rRNA sequences of Ungulata, illustrating the general bias exhibited by ribosomal and protein-encoding genes of the mitochondrial genome. The derivation of a mammalian 12S rRNA secondary structure model from the comparison of 43 eutherian and marsupial sequences evidenced a pronounced bias against transversions in stems. Moreover, transversional compensatory changes were rare events within double-stranded regions of the ribosomal RNA. Evolutionary characteristics of the 12S rRNA were compared with those of the nuclear 18S and 28S rRNAs. From a phylogenetic point of view, transitions, transversions and indels in stems as well as transversional and indels events in loops gave congruent results for comparisons within orders. Some compensatory changes in double-stranded regions and some indels in single-stranded regions also constituted diagnostic events. The 12S rRNA molecule confirmed the monophyly of infraorder Pecora and order Cetacea and demonstrated the monophyly of the suborder Ruminantia was not supported and the branching pattern between Cetacea and the artiodacytyl suborders Ruminantia and Suiformes was not established. The monophyly of the order Perissodactyla was evidenced

Bird species and traits associated with logged and unlogged forest in Borneo.

Science.gov (United States)

Cleary, Daniel F R; Boyle, Timothy J B; Setyawati, Titiek; Anggraeni, Celina D; Van Loon, E Emiel; Menken, Steph B J

2007-06-01

The ecological consequences of logging have been and remain a focus of considerable debate. In this study, we assessed bird species composition within a logging concession in Central Kalimantan, Indonesian Borneo. Within the study area (approximately 196 km2) a total of 9747 individuals of 177 bird species were recorded. Our goal was to identify associations between species traits and environmental variables. This can help us to understand the causes of disturbance and predict whether species with given traits will persist under changing environmental conditions. Logging, slope position, and a number of habitat structure variables including canopy cover and liana abundance were significantly related to variation in bird composition. In addition to environmental variables, spatial variables also explained a significant amount of variation. However, environmental variables, particularly in relation to logging, were of greater importance in structuring variation in composition. Environmental change following logging appeared to have a pronounced effect on the feeding guild and size class structure but there was little evidence of an effect on restricted range or threatened species although certain threatened species were adversely affected. For example, species such as the terrestrial insectivore Argusianus argus and the hornbill Buceros rhinoceros, both of which are threatened, were rare or absent in recently logged forest. In contrast, undergrowth insectivores such as Orthotomus atrogularis and Trichastoma rostratum were abundant in recently logged forest and rare in unlogged forest. Logging appeared to have the strongest negative effect on hornbills, terrestrial insectivores, and canopy bark-gleaning insectivores while moderately affecting canopy foliage-gleaning insectivores and frugivores, raptors, and large species in general. In contrast, undergrowth insectivores responded positively to logging while most understory guilds showed little pronounced effect

Re-Defining Traditional Bazaar Areas and Shade Structures Via Parametric Design Methods

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Ahmet Emre Dinçer

2017-12-01

, parametric modelling technics (Grasshoppers and Rhinoceros software were used and different variations of model were generated. Chosen examples of models were evaluated in the aspect of feasibility. A comparison was made between the existing examples and our designed models. Ecological contributions of these models were also taken into consideration and harvestable rainwater amount by this system was calculated. Accordingly, advantages of the system to the bazaar area and to its environment were studied.

The UF family of hybrid phantoms of the developing human fetus for computational radiation dosimetry

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Maynard, Matthew R; Geyer, John W; Bolch, Wesley [Department of Nuclear and Radiological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (United States); Aris, John P [Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (United States); Shifrin, Roger Y, E-mail: wbolch@ufl.edu [Department of Radiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (United States)

2011-08-07

Historically, the development of computational phantoms for radiation dosimetry has primarily been directed at capturing and representing adult and pediatric anatomy, with less emphasis devoted to models of the human fetus. As concern grows over possible radiation-induced cancers from medical and non-medical exposures of the pregnant female, the need to better quantify fetal radiation doses, particularly at the organ-level, also increases. Studies such as the European Union's SOLO (Epidemiological Studies of Exposed Southern Urals Populations) hope to improve our understanding of cancer risks following chronic in utero radiation exposure. For projects such as SOLO, currently available fetal anatomic models do not provide sufficient anatomical detail for organ-level dose assessment. To address this need, two fetal hybrid computational phantoms were constructed using high-quality magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography image sets obtained for two well-preserved fetal specimens aged 11.5 and 21 weeks post-conception. Individual soft tissue organs, bone sites and outer body contours were segmented from these images using 3D-DOCTOR(TM) and then imported to the 3D modeling software package Rhinoceros(TM) for further modeling and conversion of soft tissue organs, certain bone sites and outer body contours to deformable non-uniform rational B-spline surfaces. The two specimen-specific phantoms, along with a modified version of the 38 week UF hybrid newborn phantom, comprised a set of base phantoms from which a series of hybrid computational phantoms was derived for fetal ages 8, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 38 weeks post-conception. The methodology used to construct the series of phantoms accounted for the following age-dependent parameters: (1) variations in skeletal size and proportion, (2) bone-dependent variations in relative levels of bone growth, (3) variations in individual organ masses and total fetal masses and (4) statistical percentile variations

APPLYING BIM TO BUILT HERITAGE WITH COMPLEX SHAPES: THE ICE HOUSE OF FILARETE’S OSPEDALE MAGGIORE IN MILAN, ITALY

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

D. Oreni

2017-08-01

Full Text Available This paper presents the development of a BIM model for a stratified historic structure characterized by a complex geometry: Filarete’s Ospedale Maggiore ice house, one of the few remaining historic ice houses in Milan (Fig. 1. Filarete, a well-known Renaissance architect and theorist, planned the hospital in the 15th century, but the ice house was built two centuries later with a double-storey irregular octagonal brick structure, half under and half above ground, that enclosed another circular structure called the ice room. The purpose of the double-walled structure was to store ice in the middle and store and preserve perishable food and medicine at the outer side of the ice room. During World War II, major portions of the hospital and the above-ground section of the ice house was bombed and heavily damaged. Later, in 1962, the hospital was restored and rehabilitated into a university, with the plan to conceal the ice house’s remaining structure in the courtyard, which ultimately was excavated and incorporated into a new library for the university. A team of engineers, architects, and students from Politecnico di Milano and Carleton University conducted two heritage recording surveys in 2015 and 2016 to fully document the existing condition of the ice house, resulting in an inclusive laser scanner and photogrammetric point cloud dataset. The point cloud data was consolidated and imported into two leading parametric modelling software, Autodesk Revit© and Graphisoft ArchiCAD©, with the goal to develop two BIMs in parallel in order to study and compare the software BIM workflow, parametric capabilities, attributes to capture the complex geometry with high accuracy, and the duration for parametric modelling. The comparison study of the two software revealed their workflow limitations, leading to integration of the BIM generative process with other pure modelling software such as Rhinoceros©. The integrative BIM process led to the production

Recycling of Badger/Fox Burrows in Late Pleistocene Loess by Hyenas at the Den Site Bad Wildungen-Biedensteg (NW, Germany): Woolly Rhinoceros Killers and Scavengers in a Mammoth Steppe Environment of Europe

OpenAIRE

Diedrich, Cajus

2013-01-01

The Late Pleistocene (MIS 5c-d) Ice Age spotted hyena open air den and bone accumulation site Bad Wildungen-Biedensteg (Hesse, NW, Germany) represents the first open air loess fox/badger den site in Europe, which must have been recycled by Crocuta crocuta spelaea (Goldfuss, 1823) as a birthing den. Badger and fox remains, plus remains of their prey (mainly hare), have been found within the loess. Hyena remains from that site include parts of cub skeletons which represent 10% of the megafauna ...

Data about operation and utilization of the RA in 1976 - Report, Annex I; Prilog I - Podaci o radu i iskoriscenosti reaktora RA u 1976. godini - Izvestaj -

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stanic, A [Institute of Nuclear Sciences Boris Kidric, Vinca, Beograd (Serbia and Montenegro)

1976-12-15

During 1976 there were significant discrepancies in RA reactor operation in comparison with the operating plan made at the end of 1975. Some discrepancies were planned but not all could be foreseen due to the following reasons: no possibility to estimate the precise schedule of aluminium tubes for fuel channels delivery from the; USSR; no means to estimate precise time for repairs that were never performed or were not done during previous 6 years; inability to estimate the time needed for experiments within the program of transfer to highly enriched fuel (which was successfully finished) since some of these experiments were never done before. Some repairs were not planned since unpredicted failures occurred. Six fuel exchanges were planned, but they were somewhat delayed. Detailed data about the planned and achieved reactor operation are shown in this annex as well as interruptions. There were 12 shorter interruptions and safety shutdowns which was in total for 64 hours. Reactor was operated at nominal power of 6.5 MW. There have been no significant accidents, but two cases could be characterised as accidental according to their occurrence not according to the effects. The first was break of the tube next to the heavy water pump, and the second was contamination of the reactor hall and corridor during preparation of the fuel exchange machine (spill of heavy water). This annex covers the data concerned with utilization of experimental facilities and reactor utilization. [Serbo-Croat] Reaktor RA je u toku 1976. godine radio sa znatnijim odstupanjima od plana rada za 1976. godinu, donetom krajem 1975. godine. Medjutim, ni ova procena mogucih odstupanja nije mogla biti korektna iz sledecih, razloga: nemogucnost da se predvidi tacan rok isporuke cevi od specijalne aluminijumske legure iz SSSR za izradu tehnoloskih kanala, nemogucnost da se predvidi tacno vreme potrebno za remonte kakvi ili nisu radjeni ranije ili su radjeni pre vise od 6 godina pod povoljnijim uslovima

Učinak potonuća plovila na vezu na pravni odnos između stranaka ugovora o vezu i čuvanju plovila

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Adriana Vincenca Padovan

2018-02-01

Full Text Available Slučajevi potonuća brodice ili jahte na vezu u marini nisu česti, ali statistika pokazuje da se povremeno događaju, i tada je vrlo vjerojatno da će incident u konačnici dovesti do spora za naknadu štete prouzročene potonućem između vlasnika odnosno korisnika brodice ili jahte i marine. Osim očite štete na samoj brodici ili jahti, takav incident u marini će neizbježno rezultirati troškovima vađenja, spašavanja ili uklanjanja potonulog plovnog objekta, a potencijalno i do štete na infrastrukturi i opremi marine. Takav štetni događaj utjecat će na ugovor o vezu između marine i vlasnika, odnosno korisnika brodice ili jahte. Odgovornost za štetu ovisit će o okolnostima svakog pojedinog slučaja, a interpretirat će se sukladno ugovoru o vezu i mjerodavnom nacionalnom pravu. Uzroci potonuća mogu biti razni, od ekstremnih vremenskih uvjeta, do tehničkih nedostataka koji brodicu odnosno jahtu čine nesposobnom za plovidbu, ili neadekvatnog veza, sidrenog sustava, opreme za vezivanje, poplave, požara, lošeg održavanja, sudara, i dr. U svakom pojedinom slučaju trebat će ustanoviti uzrok potonuća, i ovisno o tome utvrditi postoji li odgovornost jedne od ugovornih strana. Nadalje, postavlja se pitanje koja je sudbina ugovora o vezu nakon takvog potonuća, tj. ostaje li ugovor na snazi, ili automatski prestaje samom činjenicom potonuća, ili ima li koja od ugovornih strana pravo na raskid ili otkaz ugovora odnosno pravo na naknadu štete te koja se šteta u takvom slučaju naknađuje. Navedene pravne posljedice također će ovisiti o uzroku potonuća i uvjetima ugovora o vezu. Analizirajući učinak potonuća na ugovor o vezu, autorice razmatraju i statističke podatke o učestalosti takvih događaja u hrvatskim marinama, poslovnu praksu, interne protokole i opće uvjete poslovanja hrvatskih marina te općenito preventivne mjere koje koncesionari domaćih marina uobičajeno primjenjuju u interesu sigurnosti plovidbe. Analiza

Late Pliocene - Early Pleistocene paleoenvironmental reconstruction based on stable isotope compositions of Stephanorhinus sp. and Mammut sp. teeth

Science.gov (United States)

Szabó, Péter; Kovács, János; Kocsis, László; Gasparik, Mihály; Vennemann, Torsten; Demény, Attila; Virág, Attila

2014-05-01

Stable isotope measurements of skeletal apatite from herbivorous mammals are often used to provide information on the terrestrial paleoenvironment and paleoclimate. In this study fossil teeth of Stephanorhinus Kretzoi 1942 (rhinoceros) and Mammut Blumenbach 1799 (mastodon), amongst others, were investigated from the Carpathian Basin. According to the biostratigraphy, the age of the samples has a range from Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene. Reconstructing paleoclimate and paleoenvironment of this era is important as it can be an analogue for the future climate. Oxygen and carbon isotopic compositions were measured from the tooth enamel, because it is believed to be the most resistant to diagenetic alteration (e.g., Kohn & Cerling, 2002). The carbon isotopic composition in the carbonate fraction of apatite can be related to the diet of the animal (Kohn & Cerling, 2002). Hence, it can reflect the photosynthetic pathway (C3 or C4) of the plants consumed by these herbivores. The δ18O values were determined in the phosphate fraction of apatite. In the case of large mammals that are obligate drinkers, the δ18O values closely track those of the environmental water (Bryant & Froelich, 1995). Knowing the δ18O values of environmental water and relating it to local precipitation, the mean annual temperature (MAT) of the site can be calculated (Dansgaard, 1964). The δ13C values range from -10 to -15 o (VPDB). The result clearly shows that these animals consumed C3 plants. Most of the δ13C values indicate mixed grassland-open woodland rather than a closed canopy forest. Although there is variation in the δ18O values (mean 14.2 ± 1.0 o VSMOW, n=17), most of the samples would support a MAT range of 8-12 ° C. This is in good agreement with other proxies for the localities and time period (Kovács et al., 2013). Bryant, D.J. & Froelich, P.N. (1995) A model of oxygen-isotope fractionation in bodywater of large-mammals. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 59, 4523

DigDesFab15 Research Pavilion

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Andrei Gheorghe

2017-09-01

produce an efficient, compression only basic shell surface, although the subsequent imposition of the grid system introduces eccentricities and local imperfections. A parametric model in Rhinoceros and Grasshopper tests various subdivision densities and node sizes and evaluates the overall performance with the structural analysis tool Karamba. The different heights of the lamellas in the structure arise from the analysis and parametric interpretation of stresses under vertical and horizontal loading.

Spatio-temporal variation in prevalence of Rift Valley fever: a post-epidemic serum survey in cattle and wildlife in Kenya

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Olivia Wesula Lwande

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Background: Rift Valley fever (RVF is a fatal arthropod-borne zoonotic disease of livestock and humans. Since the identification of RVF in Kenya in the 1930s, repeated epizootics and epidemics coinciding with El Niño events have occurred in several locations in Africa and Saudi Arabia, causing mass deaths of livestock and humans. RVF is of great interest worldwide because of its negative effect on international livestock trade and its potential to spread globally. The latter is due to the increasing incidence of extreme climatic phenomena caused by global warming, as well as to the increase in global trade and international travel. How RVF is maintained and sustained between epidemics and epizootics is not clearly understood, but it has been speculated that wildlife reservoirs and trans-ovarian transmission in the vector may be important. Several studies have examined the role of wildlife and livestock in isolation or in a limited geographical location within the one country over a short time (usually less than a year. In this study, we examined the seroprevalence of anti-RVF antibodies in cattle and several wildlife species from several locations in Kenya over an inter-epidemic period spanning up to 7 years. Methods: A serological survey of immunoglobulin G (IgG antibodies to RVF using competitive ELISA was undertaken on 297 serum samples from different wildlife species at various locations in Kenya. The samples were collected between 2008 and 2015. Serum was also collected in 2014 from 177 cattle from Ol Pejeta Conservancy; 113 of the cattle were in close contact with wildlife and the other 64 were kept separate from buffalo and large game by an electric fence. Results: The seroprevalence of RVF virus (RVFV antibody was 11.6% in wildlife species during the study period. Cattle that could come in contact with wildlife and large game were all negative for RVFV. The seroprevalence was relatively high in elephants, rhinoceros, and buffalo, but

Zadarski gotički vezeni antependij u Budimpešti

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Silvija Banić

2014-12-01

Full Text Available U Muzeju primijenjenih umjetnosti (Iparművészeti Múzeum u Budimpešti čuva se vezeni gotički antependij podrijetlom iz crkve benediktinskog samostana Sv. Krševana u Zadru. Antependij je u nepoznato vrijeme postao dijelom zbirke biskupa, povjesničara umjetnosti i kolekcionara Zsigmunda Bubicsa (biskup u Košicama u današnjoj Slovačkoj od 1887. do 1906. godine a u Muzeju primijenjenih umjetnosti je od 1909. godine. Dimenzije mu iznose 94 x 190 centimetara. Najveću površinu antependija zauzimaju svetački likovi pod trima zašiljenim gotičkim lukovima. U središnjem polju prikazana je Bogorodica s Djetetom na prijestolju, s lijeve strane je Sv. Krševan, a s desne Sv. Benedikt. U gornjem su dijelu dva dopojasno prikazana sveca koji bi se mogli identificirati kao Sv. Grgur Papa i Sv. Donat. ''Triptih'' sa svecima s lijeve je i desne strane flankiran bordurama u čijem su središnjem dijelu umetnute niše s dvama manjim stojećim likovima okrunjenih svetica (Sv. Katarina Aleksandrijska i Sv. Margareta. Lik donatora koji kleči s rukama sklopljenim u molitvi s lijeve strane Bogorodičina prijestolja nažalost nije popraćen nikakvim natpisom, no sasvim je jasno da je odjeven u benediktinski habit, s ponešto prenaglašenom kapuljačom koja mu pada preko leđa. Identitet benediktinca-donatora mogao bi se prepoznati u nekome od opata samostana Sv. Krševana. Pomišlja se da bi mogla biti riječ o Ivanu de Ontiacu (Joannes de Onciache iz lionske biskupije, koji je bio opatom samostana Sv. Krševana od 1345. do 1377. godine. Argumentira se da je antependij nastao u nekoj od venecijanskih vezilačkih radionica i to krajem šestog odnosno početkom sedmog desetljeća XIV. stoljeća, a na temelju usporedbi sa onovremenim slikarskim djelima te proizvodima umjetničkog (vezilačkog, tkalačkog i zlatarskog obrta. Na temelju zastupljenoga ikonografskog programa te podataka poznatih iz arhivskih izvora, pretpostavlja se da je antependij izrađen za

The UF family of reference hybrid phantoms for computational radiation dosimetry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, Choonsik; Lodwick, Daniel; Hurtado, Jorge; Pafundi, Deanna; Williams, Jonathan L; Bolch, Wesley E

2010-01-01

Computational human phantoms are computer models used to obtain dose distributions within the human body exposed to internal or external radiation sources. In addition, they are increasingly used to develop detector efficiencies for in vivo whole-body counters. Two classes of computational human phantoms have been widely utilized for dosimetry calculation: stylized and voxel phantoms that describe human anatomy through mathematical surface equations and 3D voxel matrices, respectively. Stylized phantoms are flexible in that changes to organ position and shape are possible given avoidance of region overlap, while voxel phantoms are typically fixed to a given patient anatomy, yet can be proportionally scaled to match individuals of larger or smaller stature, but of equivalent organ anatomy. Voxel phantoms provide much better anatomical realism as compared to stylized phantoms which are intrinsically limited by mathematical surface equations. To address the drawbacks of these phantoms, hybrid phantoms based on non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) surfaces have been introduced wherein anthropomorphic flexibility and anatomic realism are both preserved. Researchers at the University of Florida have introduced a series of hybrid phantoms representing the ICRP Publication 89 reference newborn, 15 year, and adult male and female. In this study, six additional phantoms are added to the UF family of hybrid phantoms-those of the reference 1 year, 5 year and 10 year child. Head and torso CT images of patients whose ages were close to the targeted ages were obtained under approved protocols. Major organs and tissues were segmented from these images using an image processing software, 3D-DOCTOR(TM). NURBS and polygon mesh surfaces were then used to model individual organs and tissues after importing the segmented organ models to the 3D NURBS modeling software, Rhinoceros(TM). The phantoms were matched to four reference datasets: (1) standard anthropometric data, (2) reference

Geomatic 3d Modeling of a Statue (also) for Structural Analysis and Risk Evaluation: the Example of San Giovannino Martelli in Florence

Science.gov (United States)

Spangher, A.; Visintini, D.; Tucci, G.; Bonora, V.

2017-05-01

barycentre with respect to the original one, are evaluated: since these are pretty null, all the models can be used for structural analysis. Software Scan-and-Solve, a Rhinoceros plug-in, has been employed for Finite Elements Method (FEM) analysis, considering the sole weight and also a horizontal force, as a seismic event or an accidental push, that can synthesize the possible statue risks. The force intensity and geometry have been computed considering the resistance to the overturning for the adherence among statue and pedestal. The more numerically accurate results has been obtained with the more simplified model, having only 7% of initial triangles, since this situation better exploits the computational resources for solver precision and for congruent geometrical LoD and FEM resolution.

GEOMATIC 3D MODELING OF A STATUE (ALSO FOR STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND RISK EVALUATION: THE EXAMPLE OF SAN GIOVANNINO MARTELLI IN FLORENCE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. Spangher

2017-05-01

centre of the mass or barycentre with respect to the original one, are evaluated: since these are pretty null, all the models can be used for structural analysis. Software Scan-and-Solve, a Rhinoceros plug-in, has been employed for Finite Elements Method (FEM analysis, considering the sole weight and also a horizontal force, as a seismic event or an accidental push, that can synthesize the possible statue risks. The force intensity and geometry have been computed considering the resistance to the overturning for the adherence among statue and pedestal. The more numerically accurate results has been obtained with the more simplified model, having only 7% of initial triangles, since this situation better exploits the computational resources for solver precision and for congruent geometrical LoD and FEM resolution.

Displacement of teeth without and with bonded fixed orthodontic retainers: 3D analysis using triangular target frames and optoelectronic motion tracking device.

Science.gov (United States)

Chakroun, Firas; Colombo, Vera; Lie Sam Foek, Dave; Gallo, Luigi Maria; Feilzer, Albert; Özcan, Mutlu

2018-06-06

The objective of this study was to evaluate the anterior tooth movement without and with bonded fixed orthodontic retainers under incremental loading conditions. Six extracted mandibular anterior human teeth were embedded in acrylic resin in True Form I Arch type and 3D reconstruction of Digital Volume Tomography (DVT) images (0.4 mm 3 voxels) were obtained. The anatomy of each tooth was segmented and digitally reconstructed using 3D visualization software for medical images (AMIRA, FEI SVG). The digital models of the teeth were repositioned to form an arch with constant curvature using a CAD software (Rhinoceros) and a base holder was designed fitting the shape of the roots. The clearance between the roots and their slot in the holder was kept constant at 0.3 mm to replicate the periodontal ligament thickness. The holder and the teeth were then manufactured by 3D printing (Objet Eden 260VS, Stratasys) using a resin material for dental applications (E = 2-3 GPa). The 3D-printed teeth models were then positioned in the holder and the root compartments were filled with silicone. The procedure was repeated to obtain three identical arch models. Each model was tested for tooth mobility by applying force increasing from 5 to 30 N with 5 N increments applied perpendicular on the lingual tooth surface on the incisal one third (crosshead speed: 0.1 mm/s). The teeth on each model were first tested without retainer (control) and subsequently with the bonded retainers (braided bonded retainer wire; Multi-strand 1 × 3 high performance wire, 0.022″ × 0.016″). Tooth displacement was measured in terms of complicance (F/Δ movement) (N/mm) using custom-built optoelectronic motion tracking device (OPTIS) (accuracy: 5 µm; sampling rate: 200 Hz). The position of the object was detected through three LEDs positioned in a fixed triangular shape on a metal support (Triangular Target Frame). The measurements were repeated for three times for each tooth

Hyainailourine and teratodontine cranial material from the late Eocene of Egypt and the application of parsimony and Bayesian methods to the phylogeny and biogeography of Hyaenodonta (Placentalia, Mammalia).

Science.gov (United States)

Borths, Matthew R; Holroyd, Patricia A; Seiffert, Erik R

2016-01-01

Hyaenodonta is a diverse, extinct group of carnivorous mammals that included weasel- to rhinoceros-sized species. The oldest-known hyaenodont fossils are from the middle Paleocene of North Africa and the antiquity of the group in Afro-Arabia led to the hypothesis that it originated there and dispersed to Asia, Europe, and North America. Here we describe two new hyaenodont species based on the oldest hyaenodont cranial specimens known from Afro-Arabia. The material was collected from the latest Eocene Locality 41 (L-41, ∼34 Ma) in the Fayum Depression, Egypt. Akhnatenavus nefertiticyon sp. nov. has specialized, hypercarnivorous molars and an elongate cranial vault. In A. nefertiticyon the tallest, piercing cusp on M 1 -M 2 is the paracone. Brychotherium ephalmos gen. et sp. nov. has more generalized molars that retain the metacone and complex talonids. In B. ephalmos the tallest, piercing cusp on M 1 -M 2 is the metacone. We incorporate this new material into a series of phylogenetic analyses using a character-taxon matrix that includes novel dental, cranial, and postcranial characters, and samples extensively from the global record of the group. The phylogenetic analysis includes the first application of Bayesian methods to hyaenodont relationships. B. ephalmos is consistently placed within Teratodontinae, an Afro-Arabian clade with several generalist and hypercarnivorous forms, and Akhnatenavus is consistently recovered in Hyainailourinae as part of an Afro-Arabian radiation. The phylogenetic results suggest that hypercarnivory evolved independently three times within Hyaenodonta: in Teratodontinae, in Hyainailourinae, and in Hyaenodontinae. Teratodontines are consistently placed in a close relationship with Hyainailouridae (Hyainailourinae + Apterodontinae) to the exclusion of "proviverrines," hyaenodontines, and several North American clades, and we propose that the superfamily Hyainailouroidea be used to describe this relationship. Using the topologies

Zaštitno-maskirni uređaj/Protective camouflage cover

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Alexander Ivanovich Golodyaev

2014-10-01

Full Text Available Jednolikost kamuflažno-zaštitnih konstrukcija znatno povećava 'preživljavanje' tenkova u marševskom položaju - glavne udarne sile. Jer, prilikom primene ove konstrukcije, protivnik će biti onemogućen da razlikuje tenk od automobila ili prazne prikolice. Cerada koja je izrađena od višeslojnog visokootpornog materijala obezbediće prevremeno detoniranje protivtenkovskih kumulativnih projektila. S obzirom na to da je većina projektila projektovana za napad na aktivni oklop, prva detonacija neće neposredno pogoditi oklop, već ceradu, a tek druga detonacija pogodiće aktivni oklop. Na taj način eksplozija aktivnog oklopa neutralisaće kumulativni mlaz. Ova konstrukcija je mnogo efikasnija od gumenih modela zaštite, a po ceni je znatno povoljnija. U članku je predočena analiza sredstava borbe s oklopnim vozilima i metode navođenja 'pametnih' projektila na cilj, kao i analiza metoda borbe sa sredstvima za napad. Takođe, opisani su načini borbe protiv 'pametnih' projektila, kao i način primene kamuflažno-zaštitne instalacije (uređaja. Članak sadrži podatke o patentu. / (ruski Edinoobrazie v maskirovočno-zaščitnyh konstrukcijah rezko uveličivajut vyživaemost' tankov na marše - osnovnoj udarnoj sily, t.k. pri ego primenenii budet složno otličit' tank ot av- tomobilja ili pustogo pricepa. Primenenie, pri ëtom, tenta iz mnogoslojnoj tkani vysokoj pročnosti obespečivaet preždevre- mennyj podryv protivotankovyh kumuljativnyh snarjadov. S uče- tom togo, čto bol'šaja čast' ëtih snarjadov rassčitana na aktiv- nuju bronju, pervyj vzryv budet ne na aktivnoj brone, a na tkani tenta, a vtoroj - osnovnoj vzryv proizojdet uže na aktivnoj brone, i kumuljativnaja struja budet razrušena vzryvom aktivnoj broni. Stoimost' konstrukcii značitel'no niže naduvnyh mode- lej tehniki, a po ëffektivnosti značitel'no ih prevoshodit. V stat'e privoditsja analiz sredstv bor'by s bronete- hnikoj i metody navedenija na cel' 'umnyh

A comparative approach to the study of Keeper-Animal Relationships in the zoo.

Science.gov (United States)

Carlstead, Kathy

2009-11-01

Research on intensively farmed animals over the past 25 years has shown that human-animal interactions, by affecting the animal's fear of humans, can markedly limit the productivity and welfare of farm animals. This article begins to explore some of the factors that need to be considered to investigate Keeper-Animal Relationships (KARs) in the zoo. In the mid-1990s, a large body of multi-institutional data on zookeepers and animals was collected from 46 Zoos. Using standardized questionnaires, 82 keepers rated how they behaved towards animals, their husbandry routine, how the animal responds to them and to other people, and provided information about themselves. These data include 219 individuals of four endangered species: black rhinoceros, cheetah, maned wolf, and great hornbill. At each zoo, keepers were also videotaped calling to their animals in order to directly observe animal responses to keeper behaviors. Principle Components Analysis reduced eight animal variables to three components and ten keeper variables to five components. Scores for animals and for keepers were calculated on these components and compared, according to five predictions based on models of human-animal interactions in the literature. Animal responses to keepers varied along three dimensions: Affinity to Keeper, Fear of People, and Sociable/Curious. Animal scores of Fear of People were significantly and positively correlated with independent measures of poor welfare from two later studies: fecal corticoid concentrations for 12 black rhinos and "tense-fearful" scores for 12 cheetahs. (1) Significant species differences were found for Affinity to Keeper and Fear of People, and the interaction of these two dimensions of animal response to keepers appears to be species-specific. (2) The quality of KAR is influenced by whether the zookeeper goes in the enclosure with the animal or not, the frequency and time of feeding, and keeper visibility to the animal. Among keepers who go in with their

Neki problemi pri prevođenju moderne poezije promatrani kroz teoriju konceptualne integracije

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sanja Cimer

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Straußeneimondaber ich finde nichts mehrnichts mehr an Buchstaben im Wortmache so ähnlichwie Luftgang ohne Seiles fällt nichts mehraber nichts ist eben auchZaungrenzeund LebenMittelstelzengangder Strauß legt seine Eier in den Himmelfast Massenproduktionkugelrunde Stundenmit Haut auf wirren ÜberzugHände greifen leerwenn nicht duaber das kann nicht –Angsttauchen mit Höhengangund die Hand als Schalewer fängt, – verliert!Mjesec od nojevog jajetaali nema ničeg višeničeg više u slovima riječičinim sličnokao hod po zraku bez konopcaništa više ne padaali i ništa jestgranica od ogradei životsredinom na štulamanoj liježe svoja jaja u nebogotovo masovna proizvodnjasati okrugli poput loptes kožom na neurednoj presvlaciruke posežu u praznoako nisi tiali to ne može –uron u strah s letom u visinei ruka poput ljusketko ulovi, – izgubi!Prevođenje poezije oduvijek se smatralo osobitom temom unutar ionako složenog područja književnog prevođenja. Budući da poezija predstavlja književni oblik u kojem su sadržaj i forma nerazdvojno povezani, jasno je zašto ona predstavlja najzahtjevniji oblik prevoditeljske aktivnosti. Problematičnu točku pri prevođenju poezije predstavlja činjenica da ona daje izrazito “zgusnutu” i kompaktnu formu te da jezik poezije uglavnom počiva na konotacijama, a ne na denotacijama. Noviji pristupi prevođenju prepoznaju da su nekadašnja protivljenja prevođenju poezije, to jest isticanja njezine neprevodivosti, zapravo bila usmjerena na nemogućnost potpunog prenošenja svih aspekata izvornog poetskog djela u ciljni jezik i njegovu kulturu i tradiciju (neprevodivost poezije isticali su, primjerice, T. S. Eliott: “[poezija je] stalni podsjetnik na sve ono što se može reći samo na jednom jeziku”, Roman Jakobson: “poezija je po definiciji neprevodiva” ili Nabokov: “pjesma ne može biti prevedena, reproducirana ni iznova oblikovana na ciljnom jeziku” (svi navedeni citati te citati

An Evaluation of the Difficulties Classroom Teachers Experience While Giving Primary Reading and Writing Education Within the 4+4+4 Education System

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Okay Demir

2016-01-01

kullanılmıştır. Her soru müfredattaki düzenlemeler doğrultusunda sınıf öğretmenlerinin ilkokuma ve yazma eğitiminde yaşadıkları sorunları belirlemek için hazırlanmış ve öğrencilerden, ailelerden/velilerden, öğretmenlerden, okuldan ve programın kendisinden kaynaklanan sorunlar olmak üzere ayrı başlıklar altında değerlendirilmiş ve yorumlanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, 4+4+4 Eğitim Sistemi kapsamında birinci sınıf öğretmenlerinin ilkokuma ve yazma eğitiminde yaşadıkları sorunlardan bazıları şu şekildedir: Öğrenciden kaynaklanan sorunlar; Algı ve uyum sorunu, fiziksel gelişim yetersizliği, çabuk sıkılma, disiplin zorluğu, okuma hızının düşük olması, öz-bakım becerilerinin yetersizliği ve farklı yaş gruplarının aynı sınıfta olması; Programdan kaynaklanan sorunlar; uyum sürecinin çok uzun olması, 5 - 5,5 yaşındaki çocukların gelişimine uygun olmaması, ders kitaplarının sisteme uyumlu olmaması, öğretmenlerin yeterince bilgilendirilmemesi, programın uzman görüşü alınmadan uygulanması, ses temelli öğretimin dezavantajları, bitişik eğik yazıdan kaynaklanan sıkıntılar; Okuldan kaynaklanan sorunlar; eğitsel materyal, oyun alanı vs. eksikliği, sıra-tahta- lavaboların küçüklere göre olmayışı (aynı binada ilkokul ve ortaokul olması, kalabalık sınıf, derslik yetersizliği, idari/öğrenci dağıtımında adaletsizlik; Öğretmenden kaynaklanan sorunlar; yeni sisteme uyum sağlayamama, eski sistemde devam etme, aynı okul içinde zümre anlayışı olmayışı, sınıflar arası düzey farklılığı, okuma- yazmaya geçmede acelecilik, bitişik eğik yazı yazamamak şeklindedir. Araştırma sonunda bu sorunlara ilişkin çeşitli öneriler belirtilmiştir.Anahtar Sözcükler: İlkokul programı, sınıf öğretmenleri, öğretmenlerin görüşleri

Disappearance of the last lions and hyenas of Europe in the Late Quaternary - a chain reaction of large mammal prey migration, extinction and human antagonism

Science.gov (United States)

Diedrich, Cajus G.

2010-05-01

there are no records of indirectly dated hyena and lion remains being younger then even Aurignacian/Early Gravettian (35.000-28.000 BP). Those largest Late Quaternary predators must have got extinct in northern Germany with the Late Weichselian/Wuermian extending Skandinavian Glacier, which reached northern Europe between Hamburg and Berlin its maximum extension about 24.000 BP (Skupin et al. 1993). The two largest predators of the Late Quaternary of Europe seem to have been well represented in the Gravettian and up to Magdalénian Late Palaeolithic of southern Europe, in which mainly lions, but only rarely hyenas are well documented within the cave and mobile art (e.g Breuil 1952, Begouen and Clottes 1987, Chauvet et al. 1995, Diedrich and Rathgeber in review, Diedrich 2005). Hyenas and lions must have been represented in the Gravettian, Early and Middle and possibly even ?Late Magdalenian in southern Europe, which must have resulted from a southern migration of those predators during the Late Weichselian/Wuermian together with the megafauna and humans. The disappearance of hyenas and lions also correlate with the extinction of mammoth and woolly rhinoceros in northern Germany. The large mammals such as elephants and rhinoceroses were highly important for hyenas and lions during the Late Quaternary. Hyenas had a systematic scavenging strategy on both large prey which was even "transferred" until today compared to modern spotted hyenas and lions of Africa (Diedrich 2010d, e, in prep). Where those Late Quaternary giant mammals such as woolly mammoth and woolly rhinoceros were absent in middle mountainous regions (e.g. Sauerland Karst, Harz Mountain Karst, Bohemian Karst, Thuringian Karst) those had to kill other medium sized animals such as horse or steppe bison and those in larger amounts (Diedrich 2008, 2010c). Woolly rhinoceros and woolly mammoth seem to be not known in northern Germany after Aurignacian/?Early Gravettian times (Sauerland Karst and Münsterland Bay

Tespiti Güç Bir İmza Sahteciliği Yöntemi “Serbest Taklit”: Bir Olgu Sunumu

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Güven Seçkin Kırcı

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Giriş ve Amaç: İmza; atan kişiyi kesin bir şekilde belirleyen ve atıldığı belgeyi onaylama iradesini belirten, kişiye ait el yazısı yanında her çeşit işarete verilen isim olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Kişinin kendisi tarafından atılmayan yani kendi eli ürünü olmayan sahte imzalar çeşitli yöntemler kullanılarak elde edilmektedirler. Bunlar, üstten kopyalama, bakarak taklit, serbest taklit yöntemi ile atılan imzalar, üzerinde imza ihtiva eden pulların sökülerek başka belgelere nakli, bilgisayar ve fotokopi teknolojileriyle atılan imzalar ve hayali kişiler adına atılmış uydurma imzalar olarak sıralanabilmektedir. Buna son zamanlarda icat edilerek giderek artan sıklıkla karşılaştığımız imza makineleriyle atılanlar eklenebilir. Sıraladığımız bu yöntemler içerisinde “Serbest Taklit Yöntemi” ile yapılan imza sahteciliği belirli yönleriyle diğer yöntemlerden ayrılmaktadır. Serbest Taklit Yöntemi ile atılan imzalarda sahteci, günlerce atacağı imzaya özen içinde çalışıp denemeler yaparak, imzayı tüm yönleriyle hafızasına alır ve taklidini oluşturabileceğine kanaat getirdiğinde bir bütün olarak atar. Sahtecinin birçok kez deneme yapma şansı olması nedeniyle de orjinaline oldukça benzeyen, tespiti güç bir imza modeli ortaya çıkması hiç te uzak bir ihtimal değildir. Bu nedenlerden ötürü, farklılıklar detaylarda gizli kalabilmektedir. Birçok özelliğiyle bu yöntem, incelemeciler açısından ortaya çıkarılması en güç olan sahtecilik tipidir . Olgu: Olgumuza konu olan inceleme konusu imzaya ve karşılaştırma imzalarına baktığımızda, hız, işleklik, istif, eğim, kalem bası dereceleri de dahil olmak üzere birçok tanı unsuru yönünden birbirine benzer özellikler içerdiklerini görmekteyiz. Ancak imzalar daha ayrıntılı incelendiğinde; özellikle başlangıç ve bitiş noktalarında, ara grama yapıları ve sayılarında, imzalar

The use of colour name yellow in English and Serbian phraseologisms

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Ratković Jelena R.

2011-01-01

'meloska Afrodita malo žuta od vremena'. In both cultures gold and material wealth have a great role, so it is not surprising that there are phraseologisms: as YELLOW as gold, as YELLOW as a guinea, 'kao dukat žuto', 'žuti cekini'. Professional phraseologisms related to the world of sports are the same in both languages - yellow card in different types of football, yellow jersey in cycling and the yellow flag in car racing. In English, there is a symbol of hope that those who are presumed to have died in the war will come back eventually, and that is the yellow ribbon tied around a tree, and we do not have that custom in our culture (perhaps because our nation was not involved in so many wars that took place throughout the world. What is common to both our cultures is related to the field of printed words, where phraseologism yellow press (journalism refers in the same way to incompletely true reporting in the newspaper, whose main interest is not to present the truth, but to increase profits from the sale by inventing some scandalous story. And the term yellow pages has exactly the same meaning in the Serbian language, because it is a business phone directory. Phraseologisms which have negative connotations are also present in both languages: 'be yellow', 'he wears yellow stockings', 'Nemoj biti ljuta, da ne budeš žuta, već budi dobra, da ne budeš modra', 'žut posao'. All these examples show what we suspected: that the notion of extra-linguistic reality expressed by phraseologisms for this color in English and Serbian languages is in many instances the same, but in many other, very different. By studying the phraseologisms with the names of other colours, the relationship between the semantic fields of colour between these two languages can be more easily understood, and thus the meanings hidden behind the various idioms, which are always the hardest to interpret when someone is trying to learn a foreign language.

COMERCIO DE FAUNA SILVESTRE EN COLOMBIA WILDLIFE TRADE IN COLOMBIA

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Néstor Javier Mancera Rodríguez

2008-12-01

, extractive use, as well as the dynamics of its legal and illegal trade in the country and the development and promotion of sustained productive alternatives. The secondary information of Ministerio de Ambiente, Vivienda y Desarrollo Territorial, Regional Corporations, Urban Environmental Authorities, Instituto Colombiano de Desarrollo Rural - INCODER, Police Authorities, Institutes of Research, Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística, Dirección de Impuestos y Aduanas Nacionales-DIAN, Ministerio de Comercio, Industria y Turismo and PROEXPORT and others was analyzed. In Colombia , the trade of wildlife species is mainly the extraction of individual for the illegal trade, that has generated imbalances in the natural populations and has deteriorated the ecosystems dynamics. The legal trade of wildlife is based on the production of a few species mainly the cayman (Cayman crocodilus, the water pig (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris, near 200 species of ornamental fishes, the black tegu (Tupinambis nigropunctatus, the green iguana (Iguana iguana, the boa constrictor (Boa constrictor, rhinoceros beetles (Dynastes Hercules and butterflies. In the country, there is not exact information on numbers of individual captured in control operatives of illegal traffic of fauna, and knowledge of the dynamics of this illegal trade does not exist.

Los yacimientos de vertebrados del Mioceno medio de Somosaguas (Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid: implicaciones paleoambientales y paleoclimáticas

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López Martínez, N.

2006-12-01

Full Text Available The Middle Miocene vertebrate fossil sites from the Somosaguas Campus of the Complutensian University of Madrid (Pozuelo de Alarcón have provided many fossils from 23 mammal species, dated in local zone E (MN5, Middle Aragonian. In this work we show new research results which allow recognizing a new species of rhinoceros for the Madrid Basin (Prosantorhinus douvillei and defining a new species of hamster (Cricetodon soriae nov. sp.. The succession shows several episodes of debris-flow deposits transporting bones, pebbles and arkosic sands, discordant below and above lacustrine sediments. The deposits content an alteration sequence of micas, with neomorphic clays progressively more evolved and caliche lining on top, wich indicate increasing aridity. The richness of the Somosaguas fossil association allows us to relate this site with other assemblages of similar age, which gives a biogeographical pattern close to the palaearctic-palaeotropical transition associations. This is coincident with the palaeoclimatic data provided by the mammalian association, which indicates the presence of tropical conditions with strong hydric seasonality. A mosaic of environments integrated within a savanna biome is inferred in the area, combining open areas and small woodlands associated to a lacustrine environment. The isotopic analyses indicate a progressive cooling and drying trend, which correlates with the inferred global climatic changes in this period around 14 million years ago.Los yacimientos de vertebrados del Mioceno medio del Campus de Somosaguas de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid (Pozuelo de Alarcón han proporcionado numerosos restos pertenecientes a 23 especies de mamíferos datados en la zona local E (MN5, Aragoniense Medio. En este trabajo se presentan nuevas aportaciones a su estudio, que han permitido descubrir una especie de rinoceronte no citada anteriormente en la cuenca de Madrid (Prosantorhinus douvillei y la definición de una especie

Koncept razvoja službi logistike / Concept development of logistic services

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Marko D. Andrejić

2010-10-01

Full Text Available Da bi logističke službe, kao deo sistema odbrane, bile efikasne i efektivne moraju biti kvalitetno organizaciono-tehnološki isprojektovane i kvalitetno vođene. Moraju da imaju dugoročni koncept razvoja sa ugrađenim organizacionim aspektom, jasno izražena težišta i prioritete u funkcionisanju, a takođe i kvalitetno definisane pokazatelje uspešnosti. Neophodno je da prate promene u bližem i daljem okruženju. Takođe, svaki proces koji je u nadležnosti logističkih službi mora biti dobro isprojektovan i upravljiv. Važan uslov za prevođenje logističkih službi iz jednog stanja u drugo jeste posmatranje odbrane i logistike odbrane i Vojske na načelima i logici sistemskog, a povremeno i situacionog pristupa. Polazna osnova za ostvarenje velikog stepena jedinstva unutar sistema logistike jeste definisanje koncepta razvoja službi logistike sa ugrađenim organizacionim aspektom, koji treba da razume i prihvati logistički sistem pri misaonom poimanju i operativnom delovanju. / In order to be efficient and effective, logistic services, as a part of the defence system, has to be designed and organized in a high-quality way. They must have a long-term development concept with built-in organizational aspects, clearly expressed focuses and priorities in the functioning and well-defined indicators of quality performance. In order to reach the required operational capabilities and the desired state of the logistics, it is necessary to achieve a philosophical, intellectual, doctrinal, technical and operational unity within the logistic system and then with the other subsystems of defense, in accordance with the needs of practice, the requirements of modern times and trends. The starting point for achieving a high degree of unity within the Army logistics is the definition of the concept of the development of logistic services with a built-in organizational aspect, as an intellectual conceptual sketch containing the guidelines and

A revision of dragon millipedes I: genus Desmoxytes Chamberlin, 1923, with the description of eight new species (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae

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Ruttapon Srisonchai

2018-05-01

Full Text Available The dragon millipede genus Desmoxytes s.l. is split into five genera, based on morphological characters and preliminary molecular phylogenetic analyses. The present article includes a review of Desmoxytes s.s., while future articles will deal with Hylomus Cook and Loomis, 1924 and three new genera which preliminarily are referred to as the ‘acantherpestes’, ‘gigas’, and ‘spiny’ groups. Diagnostic morphological characters of each group are discussed. Hylomus is resurrected as a valid genus and the following 33 species are assigned to it: H. asper (Attems, 1937, comb. n., H. cattienensis (Nguyen, Golovatch & Anichkin, 2005, comb. n., H. cervarius (Attems, 1953, comb. n., H. cornutus (Zhang & Li, 1982, comb. n., H. draco Cook & Loomis, 1924, stat. rev., H. enghoffi (Nguyen, Golovatch & Anichkin, 2005, comb. n., H. eupterygotus (Golovatch, Li, Liu & Geoffroy, 2012, comb. n., H. getuhensis (Liu, Golovatch & Tian, 2014, comb. n., H. grandis (Golovatch, VandenSpiegel & Semenyuk, 2016, comb. n., H. hostilis (Golovatch & Enghoff, 1994, comb. n., H. jeekeli (Golovatch & Enghoff, 1994, comb. n., H. lingulatus (Liu, Golovatch & Tian, 2014, comb. n., H. laticollis (Liu, Golovatch & Tian, 2016, comb. n., H. longispinus (Loksa, 1960, comb. n., H. lui (Golovatch, Li, Liu & Geoffroy, 2012, comb. n., H. minutuberculus (Zhang, 1986, comb. n., H. nodulosus (Liu, Golovatch & Tian, 2014, comb. n., H. parvulus (Liu, Golovatch & Tian, 2014, comb. n., H. phasmoides (Liu, Golovatch & Tian, 2016, comb. n., H. pilosus (Attems, 1937, comb. n., H. proximus (Nguyen, Golovatch & Anichkin, 2005, comb. n., H. rhinoceros (Likhitrakarn, Golovatch & Panha, 2015, comb. n., H. rhinoparvus (Likhitrakarn, Golovatch & Panha, 2015, comb. n., H. scolopendroides (Golovatch, Geoffroy & Mauriès, 2010, comb. n., H. scutigeroides (Golovatch, Geoffroy & Mauriès, 2010, comb. n., H. similis (Liu, Golovatch & Tian, 2016, comb. n., H. simplex (Golovatch, VandenSpiegel & Semenyuk, 2016

Late Quaternary Megafaunal Extinctions in Northern Eurasia: Latest Results

Science.gov (United States)

Stuart, Anthony

2010-05-01

Anthony J. Stuart1 & Adrian M. Lister2 1 Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK. Email: tony.s@megafauna.org.uk 2 Department of Palaeontology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK. Email: a.lister@nhm.ac.uk. The global extinction of many spectacular species of megafauna (large terrestrial mammals, together with a few large reptiles and birds) within the last c. 50,000 years (Late Quaternary) has been attributed on the one hand to ‘overkill' by human hunters and on the other to environmental change. However, in spite of more than half a century of active interest and research the issue remains unresolved, largely because there are insufficient dated records of megafaunal species for most parts of the world. Northern Eurasia is an especially fruitful region in which to research megafaunal extinctions as it has a wealth of megafaunal material and crucially most extinctions occurred well within the range of radiocarbon dating. Our approach, in a series of projects over the last decade funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), involves amassing radiocarbon dates made directly on megafaunal material from across the entire region: a) by submitting a substantial number of samples (so far c. 500 dates) for AMS dating at Oxford (ORAU); b) obtaining AMS dates from colleagues working on aDNA projects; and c) carefully screening (‘auditing') dates from the literature. The dates (calibrated using OxCal) are plotted as time-sliced maps and as chronological/geographical charts. In our previous work we targeted a range of extinct species from Northern Eurasia: woolly mammoth, woolly rhinoceros, giant deer, cave bear (in collaboration with Martina Pacher), cave lion, and spotted hyaena (which survives today only in Sub-Saharan Africa). By this means we have established a reliable chronology for these extinctions which we are able to compare with the climatic, vegetational and

Hybrid computational phantoms of the male and female newborn patient: NURBS-based whole-body models

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, Choonsik; Lodwick, Daniel; Hasenauer, Deanna; Williams, Jonathan L; Lee, Choonik; Bolch, Wesley E

2007-01-01

phantom is performed in three steps: polygonization of the voxel phantom, organ modeling via NURBS surfaces and phantom voxelization. Two 3D graphic tools, 3D-DOCTOR(TM) and Rhinoceros(TM), were utilized to polygonize the newborn voxel phantom and generate NURBS surfaces, while an in-house MATLAB(TM) code was used to voxelize the resulting NURBS model into a final computational phantom ready for use in Monte Carlo radiation transport calculations. A total of 126 anatomical organ and tissue models, including 38 skeletal sites and 31 cartilage sites, were described within the hybrid phantom using either NURBS or polygon surfaces. A male hybrid newborn phantom was constructed following the development of the female phantom through the replacement of female-specific organs with male-specific organs. The outer body contour and internal anatomy of the NURBS-based phantoms were adjusted to match anthropometric and reference newborn data reported by the International Commission on Radiological Protection in their Publication 89. The voxelization process was designed to accurately convert NURBS models to a voxel phantom with minimum volumetric change. A sensitivity study was additionally performed to better understand how the meshing tolerance and voxel resolution would affect volumetric changes between the hybrid-NURBS and hybrid-voxel phantoms. The male and female hybrid-NURBS phantoms were constructed in a manner so that all internal organs approached their ICRP reference masses to within 1%, with the exception of the skin (-6.5% relative error) and brain (-15.4% relative error). Both hybrid-voxel phantoms were constructed with an isotropic voxel resolution of 0.663 mm-equivalent to the ICRP 89 reference thickness of the newborn skin (dermis and epidermis). Hybrid-NURBS phantoms used to create their voxel counterpart retain the non-uniform scalability of stylized phantoms, while maintaining the anatomic realism of segmented voxel phantoms with respect to organ shape, depth and

A companion to Part 2 of the World Checklist of Opiliones species (Arachnida): Laniatores - Samooidea, Zalmoxoidea and Grassatores incertae sedis.

Science.gov (United States)

Kury, Adriano B; Pérez-González, Abel

2015-01-01

(González-Sponga, 1987) new comb. (15) Niquitaia González-Sponga, 1999 (originally in Phalangodidae: Phalangodinae, currently in Zalmoxidae), monotypic from Venezuela, is newly transferred to Samoidae. (16) Heteroscotolemon Roewer, 1912 originally described in Phalangodidae: Phalangodinae, and currently in Grassatores incertae sedis is transferred to Zalmoxidae. (17) While the Australasian genus Zalmoxista Roewer, 1949 is currently in Samoidae and some of its former species have been transferred to Zalmoxis Sørensen, 1886, Zalmoxista americana Roewer, 1952 from Peru, is here newly transferred to Zalmoxidae into Minuides Sørensen, 1932, forming the combination Minuides americanus (Roewer, 1952) new comb. (specific name inflected to match the masculine gender). (18) Neobabrius Roewer, 1949 (currently in Phalangodidae), monotypic from Indonesia, is newly transferred to Zalmoxidae. (19) While Crosbyella Roewer, 1927, belongs to Phalangodidae, Crosbyella roraima Goodnight & Goodnight, 1943 (originally Phalangodinae, but currently Zalmoxidae without generic assignment) is here transferred to Soledadiella González-Sponga, 1987, as Soledadiella roraima new comb. (Zalmoxoidea: Zalmoxidae). (20) Zalmoxissus Roewer, 1949 is newly synonymized with Zalmoxis Sørensen, 1886 (Zalmoxidae). (21) The original spelling Zalmoxis sorenseni Simon, 1892 is restored from the unjustified emendation soerenseni. (22) The Neotropical genus Phalangodella Roewer, 1912 (originally in Phalangodidae: Tricommatinae, but currently in Grassatores incertae sedis) is newly transferred to Zalmoxoidea incertae sedis and (23-26) four other genera are newly synonymized with it: Phalangodella Roewer, 1912 = Exlineia Mello-Leitão, 1942 = Langodinus Mello-Leitão, 1949 = Cochirapha Roewer, 1949 = Phalpuna Roewer, 1949, generating the following new combinations (27-32): Phalangodella fulvescens (Mello-Leitão, 1943) new comb., Phalangodella milagroi (Mello-Leitão, 1942) new comb., Phalangodella rhinoceros

RA Research reactor Annual report 1982 - Part 1, Operation, maintenance and utilization of the RA reactor; Istrazivacki nuklearni reaktor RA - Deo 1 - Pogon, odrzavanje i eksploatacija nuklearnog reaktora RA u 1982. godini

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sotic, O; Martinc, R; Kozomara-Maic, S; Cupac, S; Radivojevic, J; Stamenkovic, D; Skoric, M; Miokovic, J [Institute of Nuclear Sciences Boris Kidric, Vinca, Beograd (Serbia and Montenegro)

1982-12-15

outdated spare parts. Project concerning renewal of the reactor equipment was initiated during the past year according to the contract with the Soviet Atomenergoexport and IAEA which has planned to spend 1 000 000 of rubles for this project. [Serbo-Croat] Probni rad reaktora zapocet septembra 1981. godine na snazi od 2 MW sa 80% obogacenim gorivom nastavljen je u celoj 1982. prema prethodno napravljenom planu. Pocetno jezgro formirano ja sa 44 gorivna kanala sa po deset gorivnih elemenata. Prva polovina godine iskoriscena je za neophodna merenja i ispitivanja radnih parametara rektora i funkcionisanje sistema i opreme u radnim uslovima. U drugoj polovini godine zapocet je program probnog rada na visim snagama. Utvrdjeno je da ugradjeni visak reaktivnosti i kapacitet kontrolnih sipki zadovoljava sigurnosne kriterijume MAAE, ugradjeni visak reaktivnosti moze da omoguci rad na snazi od 4,7 MW u 4 mesecne kampanje sa po 15-20 dana rada, postoje povoljni uslovi za hladjenje jezgra pri pocetnoj konfiguraciji. Izmeren je efekat pocetnog zatrovanja na reaktivnost i raspodelu snage, izmerena je pocetna prostorna raspodela neutronskog fluksa koja iznosi 3,9 10{sup 13} cm{sup -2} s{sup -1} pri znazi od 2 MW. Odredjena je promena kalibracionog koeficijenta u sistemu za automatsko odrzavanje snage. Svi rezultati ukazuju da ce pri nominalnoj snazi od 4,7 Mw biti zadovoljeni svi kriterijum sigurnosti i postovana ogranicenja u odnosu na koriscenje goriva. Po dobijanju dozvole za rad na punoj snazi morace da se izvrsi dopunski probni rad na snagama od 3, 4, i 4,7 MW. Prelaz od pocetne konfiguracije sa 44 gorivna kanala u jezgru vrsice se postupno da bi se dostigla ravnotezna konfiguracija sa 72 gorivna kanala sa po 10 elemenata. Reaktor nije radio u septembu mesecu zbog radova na zameni dela cevovoda koji povezuje pumpnu stanicu na Dunavu sa horizontalnim taloznikom. Kontrola i odrzavanje opreme izvrsavani su redovno u granicama raspolozivosti rezerbinh delova. Teskocu pricinjava

Okuma Yazma Öğretimi Yöntemleri Ve “Ses Temelli Cümle Yöntemi” Uygulaması The Methods Of Teaching Reading And Writing In Turkish: Practice The Phonetic Based Method

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Raşit KOÇ

2012-12-01

�ğrenmede ve bu işi zevkli bir alışkanlığa dönüştürmede okuma ve yazma öğretiminde nasıl bir yol izleneceği de önem kazanmaktadır.Ülkemizde dünyadaki gelişmelere paralel olarak okuma yazma öğretiminde kullanılan yöntemler de zaman içerisinde değişmiştir. Okuma yazma öğretiminde uzun süre harf yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Harf yöntemini sırasıyla ses yöntemi, hece yöntemi kelime ve cümle yöntemi izlemiştir.Davranışçı kuram merkeze alınarak hazırlanmış olan eski Türkçe programı öğrencileri ezbere sevk ettiği, etkili ve kalıcı bir okuma alışkanlığı kazandırmada yeterli olmadığı için eleştirilere muhatap olmuştur. Zaman zaman revizyon geçiren eski program 2005 yılında yerini yeni programa bırakmıştır.Temel felsefesini yapılandırmacı yaklaşımın oluşturduğu yeni Türkçe programında okuma yazma öğretim yöntemi olarak ses temelli cümle yöntemi benimsenmiştir. Bu yöntemle beraber dik temel harflerle yapılan yazı öğretimi yerine bitişik eğik yazı kullanılmaya başlanmıştır.Bu çalışmada, okuma yazma öğretiminde günümüze kadar kullanılan yöntemler ve bu yöntemlerin faydalı ve sakıncalı yönleri belirtildikten sonra yeni hazırlanan Türkçe programında yer alan ses temelli cümle yöntemiyle ilgili düşüncelere yer verilecektir.

Usne u lavi

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Una Krizmanić Ožegović

2017-06-01

Full Text Available [...] opatica je žena, ali žena koju se ne vidi svaki dan. Muškarci je se ne mogu nauživati u svakodnevnom ophođenju, stoga je žele s još većim žarom, skrivena je, zakukuljena, odsječena od svijeta u samostanu, u zatvoru, u beskrajnom zdanju u kojem se iza svakih vrata skrivaju još jedna. Carlos Fuentes, Constancia i druge priče za djeviceBože, oprosti mi. Možeš razumjeti silnu mahnitost u mojim prstima, vulkansku i suspregnutu potrebu mojih usana, vrelinu, i, o moj Bože, miris. Mnoštvo mirisa, otporne dlačice, znoj, znoj, prosta ruka, neobuzdana, poremećena, gruba. Gruba ruka kreće se u rupi, u kaljuži mojega bića. Svjedok – noć: pozornica za nasuprotnosti, noge i raskriljene proscenije, predstava uživo odakle se mrijeste strašne sablasti. Hitnem se s vrhunca svoje vjere, tijelo mi se razvaljuje u prah: prah koji se slobodno kreće, prah koji živi, prah koji je daleko od tebe, Gospodine. Jer griješim s golemim užitkom! I griješim misleći oživjeti. Gospodine, ja umirem od užitka u rukama, jezik traži ono što ne može dodirnuti, slina curi preko otvora; stenjem od trenja grješnih ruku, stenjem, vapim nijemo, ne da bih ti protuslovila, stenjem ne bih li te spoznala; pripojila. Svaka moja pora mjesto je otvorena dijaloga – začepljena znojem i magijom, bludi i slinom. Ruke, nezaustavljive, diraju mi kožu, rupe, mrse dlačice, prodiru divlje kao da nisam ni svoja, ni njihova gospodarica. Ruke puštaju da po njima curi slina s kojom prvo nisam znala što bih, onda sam je prisvojila, pa poslije tražila u iskusnu ritmu. Slina, proziran mulj, nedolično teče iz duše, predaje me na milost noći i mene same, curi, širi se prema netaknutim otvorima, olakšava mi pristup uskim, zabranjenim prolazima, Gospodine. Jer nastojala sam biti, bila sam u zabranjenim i uskim prolazima; zato griješim, Gospodine: s glazbom koja mi klizi niz dušu, s mutnom slinom, obilatom, demonskom, kola mi utrobom, prodire mirisom, miluje

Paleo-Environment and C-14 Dating: The Key to the Depositional Age of the Tha Chang and Related Sand Pits, Northeastern Thailand

Science.gov (United States)

Putthapiban, P.; Zolensky, M.; Jull, T.; Demartino, M.; Salyapongse, S.

2012-01-01

Tha Chang sand pits, Nakhon Ratchasima Province and many other sand pits in the area adjacent to the Mun River are characterized by their fluviatile environment in association with mass wasting deposits, along the paleo-river channel and the flood plain of the Mun River. Sediments of these deposits are characterized by clasts of various rock types especially the resistant ones with frequent big tree trunks, logs and wood fragments in different sizes and various stages of transformation from moldering stage to lignification and petrification. Widespread pyritization of the lower horizon suggests strongly reducing environment during burial. The Tha Chang deposits have been received much attention from geoscientists especially paleontologist communities, as they contain fragments of some distinct vertebrate species such as Stegadon sp., hominoid primate, rhinoceros Aceratherium and others. Based on the associated mammal fauna and hominoid fossils, the late Miocene ( 9 - 6 Ma) was given for the time of deposition of this sand and gravel unit. Some other reports believed that sediments and materials of these sand and gravel quarries (pits) were deposited by high-energy flood pulses contemporaneous with the tektites forming event during mid-Pleistocene at c. 0.8 Ma. Interpretation from Palynostratigraphical study suggested that the lower horizon of Tha Chang sand pit was deposited during Pliocene/Pleistocene period and the upper horizons are Pleistoncene/Holocene. It is crystal clear that all the fluviatile sediments including tektites and almost all fossil fragments being deposited in these sand pits were, likely a multiple times reworked materials. Only some old bamboo trees, some old crowling trees and fossils grasses observed on the old river bank are considered in situ. C-14 dating of 5 old wood specimens from Tha Chang Sand Pits, 15 old wood specimens from Chumpuang Sand Pits and one sample of old pottery from a Chumpuang Sand Pit were carried out in the NSF

O morfematskoj alternaciju talijanskom glagolu

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Tekavčić Tekavčić

1972-12-01

koje se osnivaju na konsonantskim alternacijama, rezultat su širokog kompleksa fonematskih procesa koji nazivamo palafalizacijom, kao i nekih drugih procesa (npr. razvoja bilabijalnih konsonanata, u glagolu DEBERE. Ti su fonematski procesi doveli do koegzistencije dvaju, triju, pa čak i četiriju oblika, a to znači do različitih tipova morfematske alternacije (s alomorfima u komplementarnoj, a u određenim slučajevima i fakultativnoj distribuciji. Posebno mjesto u tom sklopu pojava zauzimaju glagoli leksem kojih u latinskom, a djelomično i danas, završava na /n/ i /1/ (VENIRE, PONERE, SALIRE, VALERE itd.. Pod utjecajem različitih analogija, ovi su glagoli razvili oblike na -ngo, -nga, -ngono, -lgo, -lga, lgono, i to ne samo u talijanskom nego i u dnrg·im romanskim jezicima (španjolski, provansalski. Promatrajući razvoj i sudbinu pojedinih tipova morfematske alternacije, autor konstatira da su se najbolje održali oni tipovi alternacije koji (posredno ili neposredno uposluju velarne konsonante, dok pokazuju tendenciju nestajanja tipovi u kojima sudjeluju dentali (konkretno npr. /d/gg/. Po autorovu mišljenju vitalnost i održanje morfematskih alternacija u glagolskom sistemu pokazuju određene podudarnosti s onima u imeničkom sistemu (imenica, pridjev: upravo oni tipovi alternacija u koje ulaze velari (/k/č/, /g/g/ očuvani su do danas i u imeničkom sistemu talijanskog književnog jezika. Autor na kraju uspoređuje talijanski jezik s rumunjskim kao predstavnikom balkanskog latiniteta i jezikom, koji je vrlo bogat različitim tipovima alternacija, kao i sa španjolskim, predstavnikom zapadne Romanije i iberskog latiniteta, u kome su alternacije znatno siromašnije. I u oba ta jezika opaža se stanovita podudarnost između bogatstva i vitalnosti pojedinih tipova alternacija u glagolskom i u imeničkom sistemu. Taj paralelizam ne može, naravno, biti apsolutan, jer u jeziku djeluju kasnije i brojni drugi faktori, ali je ipak dovoljno jasan da se nedvojbeno mo

RA Research reactor, Annual report 1971; Istrazivacki nuklearni reaktor RA - Izvestaj za 1971. godinu - Pogon i odrzavanje

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Milosevic, D et al. [Institute of Nuclear Sciences Boris Kidric, Vinca, Beograd (Serbia and Montenegro)

1971-12-15

sledecih deset godina, i realizacija projekta sistema za udesno hladjenje sto je znacajno za sigurnost reaktora. Finansijski problemi odrazavaju se ne samo na rad reaktora nego i na broj zaposlenih sto moze imati stetne posledice. U uvodu ovog izvestaja naglaseno je da bi oni koji odlucuju o finansiranju reaktora RA trebalo da imaju na umu da bez neophodnih sredstva nije moguc bezbedan i siguran rad, sto bi moglo imati stetnih posledica, pa bi sto pre trebalo doneti odluku: ili ce reaktor prestati da radi, ili ce i dalje raditi i biti finansiran. Za reaktor bi bilo dobro ukoliko bi ovakva odluka bila doneta sto pre.

Forenzika elektronske pošte

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Milorad S. Markagić

2013-10-01

�ešće obavlja putem instant poruka. Radnici u okviru firme međusobno razgovaraju instant porukama, a veoma se često koriste i za lične međusobne razgovore. Osobe međusobno razmenjuju poruke koje putuju preko servera, a princip rada skoro je identičan kao princip rada elektronske pošte, sa osnovnom razlikom, da se odvija u realnom vremenu. Zaključak Današnja tehnologija omogućava promenu i manipulaciju digitalnim medijem na načine koji su pre nekoliko godina bili nemogući. Buduća tehnologija gotovo će sigurno omogućiti manipulacije digitalnih medija na način koji se danas čini nemogućim. Kako tehnologija nastavlja svoju evoluciju, biće sve važnije da  digitalna forenzika održi korak sa tim razvojem. Kako se razvijaju tehnike i metode za otkrivanje računarskih prevara, razvijaće se i nove sofisticiranije metode izrade falsifikata koje će biti teže otkriti. 

Ethical, social, environmental and economic issues in animal agriculture

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kesavan, P C; Swaminathan, M S [Research Foundation, Third Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai - 600 113 (India); net, mssrfed@vsnl

2003-07-01

Livestock are vital to sustainable agriculture in most developing countries. In Asia, in general, the integration of livestock, fish and crops has proved to be a sustainable system through centuries of experience. Traditional use of dung for manuring the fields and bullocks for ploughing is the 'biodynamic farming', which has special significance in dry land agriculture comprising about 65 percent of India's cropped area. Gene-based technologies will be useful for developing special draught breeds of cattle so that their valuable source of energy remains available especially to the small and marginal farmers. Further, the livestock in the developing countries form an essential part of an integrated agricultural system and, therefore, development strategies for gene-based applications should consider the total production system (i.e., breeding fodder and forage crops, animal and crop disease and pest management etc). The gene-technologies of relevance to the developing countries are (i) rumen molecular techniques for reducing methane production and for increasing protein and energy supply; ruminant food stuffs currently used in India and a few other developing countries are fibrous, low in nitrogen, and contain anti-nutritive factors, (ii) improving animal productivity in developing countries by manipulation of nutrition in utero to alter gene expression of key metabolic hormones and enzymes for a long period after birth in cattle, (iii) genetic resistance to Helminthes in sheep, and (iv) molecular methods of diagnosis, molecular epidemiology and treatment of swine fever. Although not gene-based, artificial insemination (AI) for genetic improvement of dairy cattle and buffalo, and embryo-transfer (ET) for rapid multiplication of elite cattle are also relevant. Cloning (of the 'Dolly' - the sheep kind) will be useful to revive the rare and endangered animal species such as one-horned rhinoceros, swamp deer, wild buffalo and dugongs in India, for restoring

Prilog unapređenju rada i upravljanja u Vojnoj akademiji i na Univerzitetu odbrane / Contribution to work and management improvement in the Military Academy and the University of Defence / Повышение эффективности работы Военной академии и Университета обороны

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Marko D. Andrejić

2015-04-01

Full Text Available Obimne i dinamične organizacione promene koje su u poslednjih nekoliko godina sprovođene u oblasti odbrane zahvatile su i oblasti visokog obrazovanja i naučnoistraživačkog rada vezanog za odbranu. Nastojao se formirati novi, integrisani naučni i obrazovni sistem, harmonizovan sa nacionalnim sistemom, koji će biti samoobnovljiv i delom samoodrživ, te kao takav biti koristan ne samo sistemu odbrane već i široj društvenoj zajednici. Da bi se operacionalizovala osnovna zamisao osnovan je Univerzitet odbrane, kao državni univerzitet i institucija integrativnog karaktera u kojoj se odbrana izučava i istražuje na naučnim osnovama. Analizom funkcionisanja Univerziteta odbrane na nečelima i logici sistemskog i situacionog pristupa, kroz sagledavanje postojećih načina rada, trenutnih mogućnosti, potreba i očekivanih rezultata, može se uočiti da postoje mogućnosti za opšte unapređenje postojećeg stanja i za postizanje višeg nivoa organizacionih performansi. Mogućnosti za unapređenje stanja postoje u oblasti usklađivanja postojeće i nacionalne normativno-zakonske regulative, zatim organizacije, organizacione kulture, u oblasti tehnologije rada, kvaliteta i raspodele, u funkcijama i procesima, kao i u domenu pojedinačnih elemenata sistema. / Robust and dynamic organizational changes that have been carried out in defense in recent years affected the field of higher education and scientific research related to defense . A creation of a new, integrated research and education system, harmonized with the national system, is underway. Such a system will be resilient and partly self-sustainingt and useful not only for the defense area, but also for the wider community. Introduction Higher education is a very important part of the strategy of power and the influence of a real defense system. Creativity as a basic resource produces innovations which can enhance and improve the defense system. Organizational changes in the country over

Failure points in the PKI architecture / Точки отказа в PKI архитектуре / Tačke otkaza u PKI arhitekturi

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Radomir I. Prodanović

2017-07-01

�татьи, и так как речь идет о значительно сложных инфраструктурах, в данной работе представлен лишь общий обзор главных потенциальных точек отказа, без подробного объяснения характеристик по каждому отдельному виду внедрения архитектуры. В статье исследуются общие характеристики PKI архитектур, на основании которых трактуется значение возможных отказов и предлагаются мероприятия по предупреждению и преодолению данного рода проблемы. / Tokom poslednjih 20 godina PKI arhitektura našla je široku primenu, posebno u oblastima koje su zahtevale uspostavljanje sigurnosne infrastrukture. S obzirom na to da se koristi radi sigurnosti jasno je da je njen nesmetan rad jedan od osnovnix zahteva koji se postavlja pri njenoj implementaciji, a već samim uvidom u brojne tipove arhitektura i različite implementacije uviđa se njena kompleksnost. Zbog toga je razmatranje potencijalnih tačaka otkaza od velike važnosti. Kako se radi o vrlo složenim infrastrukturama, ovaj rad daće samo osnovni pregled tačaka koje mogu biti tačke otkaza, bez detalja koji su karakteristični za pojedine primene i tipove implementacija.Tražiće se zajedničke karakteristike PKI arhitektura i na njima objašnjavati značaj otkaza koji se mogu desiti, a tamo gde je moguće biće navedeni i predlozi za njihovo prevazilaženje.

Türkiye ve Bulgaristan’da İlkokuma Yazma Sürecinde Öğrencilerin Ürettikleri Yazıların Okunaklılık Bakımından İncelenmesi Investigation of Manuscript Legibility Produced by students in the Process of Early Writing-Reading in Turkey and Bulgaria

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İbrahim COŞKUN

2013-09-01

, 6 kız öğrencinin veBulgaristan’daki veriler ise 2012-2013 Öğretim Yılında başkent Sofya’dabirinci sınıfa devam eden 15 (8 kız, 7 erkek öğrencinin yazıörneklerinden toplanmıştır. Her iki ülkeden alınan yazı örneklerindeharf, hece, kelime, cümle ve metin aşamalarının olmasına dikkatedilmiştir. Okunaklılığın ölçütleri belirlenirken yerli ve yabancı literatürtaranmış ve kriterler buna göre belirlenerek araştırmacı tarafından“uygun”, “geliştirilmeli” ve “yetersiz” şeklinde derecelendirilmiştir.Araştırmada veriler araştırmacıyla birlikte 5 alan uzmanı tarafındananaliz edilmiştir. Veriler araştırmacı tarafından okunaklılık kriterlerinegöre ayrı ayrı analiz edilip puanlayıcılar arasındaki güvenirlik katsayısı.87 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Analiz sonuçları; nitel verilerinsayısallaştırılmasında kullanılan yüzde ve frekans ile ifade edilmiş veöğrenci yazılarından doğrudan alıntılar yapılarak yorumlanmıştır. Yazıörnekleri; yazının satıra doğrusal olarak yerleştirilmesi, kelimeler arası boşluk, harfler arası boşluk, harfi formatına uygun üretme, bitişiklik ve eğiklik olmak üzere altı ana kategoride incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın bulgularının; yazı ve yazma araştırmacılarına, okuma yazma dokümanlarını hazırlayanlara ve materyal tasarımcılarına, sınıf öğretmenlerine ve sınıf öğretmeni adaylarına önemli katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

The method of “external spiral” for solving a large system of linear equations / Применение метода «внешней спирали» при решении систем линейных уравнений с большим количеством неизвестных / Metoda 'spoljašnje spirale" za rešavanje linearnog sistema sa velikim brojem nepoznatih

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Aleksa S. Srdanov

2018-04-01

�начений результатов, что приводит к проблемам: overflow и underflow; 3. изменение значений некоторых коэффициентов в исходной системе, что приводит к неустойчивости решения; 4. дополнительные требования вследствие конвергенции; 5. в случаях большого количества уравнений и неизвестных необходимо, чтобы матрица системы была или не слишком наполнена, или была симметричной, либо диагональной, и т.д. В данной работе представлены методы решения системы линейных уравнений с произвольным количеством уравнений и неизвестных, на которых не отражаются перечисленные проблемы. / Rešavanje linearnog sistema jednačina n × n može biti problem i za računar, pogotovo ako je potrebno tačno rešenje, čak i kada je broj jednačina i nepoznat i relativno mali (par hiljada. Sve postojeće metode su opterećene bar jednim od sledećih problema: 1. složenošću računanja izraženim kroz broj potrebnih operacija koje je potrebno izvršiti kako bi se došlo do rešenja; 2. potencijalnom mogućnošću neograničenog rasta veličina među rezultata, što uzrokuje probleme prekoračenja opsega (overflow i nedovoljne osetljivosti odnosno preciznosti (underflow; 3. promenom vrednosti nekih koeficijenata u polaznom sistemu, što uzrokuje nestabilnost rešenja; 4. dodatnim zahtevima, zbog konvergencije; 5. slučajevima velikog broja jednačina i nepoznatih koji zahtevaju da matrica sistema bude: ili slabo popunjena, ili simetrična, ili dijagonalna, itd. U ovom radu prezentuje se metoda za rešavanje sistema linearnih jednačina sa proizvoljnim brojem

Učenje na daljinu i heuristika u funkciji edukacije subjekata sistema civilne odbrane za vanredne situacije / Distance learning and heuristics in the education of civil defence emergency personnel / Дистанционное обучение и эвристика при инструктаже сотрудников службы гражданской обороны по чрезвычайным ситуациям

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Paun J. Bereš

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Rad prezentira učenje na daljinu i heuristiku u edukaciji subjekata civilne odbrane za rešavanje problema radi donošenja adekvatnih odluka u vanrednim situacijama i vanrednom stanju sa posebnim osvrtom na primenu heurističkog modela edukacije timova –štabova za vanredne situacije i komandnog kadra Vojske Srbije. Namenjeno je komandnom i nastavnom kadru, kao i subjektima Civilne odbrane, sistema zaštite i spasavanja (Sektor za vanredne situacije i lokalne samouprave (načelnicima upravnih okruga, gradonačelnicima i predsednicima opština – komandantima i komandnom kadru Vojske Srbije, koji može biti angažovan u vanrednim situacijama na zaštiti i spasavanju stanovništva i materijalno-tehničkih sredstava. Heuristički pristup rešavanju problema implementiran u metod učenje na daljinu treba da omogući edukaciju komandnog kadra od lokalnog do nacionalnog nivoa u donošenju adekvatnih odluka u vanrednim situacijama po proglašenju vanredne situacije i vanrednog stanja na delu teritorije ili celoj teritoriji Republike Srbije. / The paper presents learning and the heuristic method in educating Civil Defense staff with a view to making appropriate decisions in emergency situations and a state of emergency with special reference to the use of heuristic models in the education of emergency teams and the command of the Army of Serbia. It is designed for command and teaching staff, as well as for the personnel of civil defense, the protection and rescue system (Department for Emergency Situations and local governments (district chief executives, mayors and mayors-commanders and commanding officers of the Army of Serbia that can be employed in emergency situations during the protection and rescue of people and materiel. The heuristic approach to problem solving and learning should provide the training of command personnel from the local to the national levels in making adequate decisions after the proclamation of emergency and a state of

Were king Stefan the First-Crowned and his son Radoslav co-rulers?

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Bubalo Đorđe

2009-01-01

blagoslovismo biti emou kralju v'se sije dr'žave. Though differently in manner, Radoslav's hereditary right has been emphasized in both of these charters. In my opinion, the formulation of the second charter does not refer to the coronation of a co-ruler, but a ceremonious act of proclaiming the successor. That may have been one of the results of Radoslav's marrying Anne the daughter of the Epirus ruler Theodore I Angelos in 1219/1220. St. Sava's biography by Domentian tells us about Stefan's appointing Radoslav for his heir immediately before his death. That was followed by arch-bishop Sava's crowning him the king to be s'prestol'nik' ot'č'stva svoego. The expression s'prestol'nik' was supposed to be the proof of Radoslav being his father's co-ruler. However, Domentian uses the term s'prestol'nik' ot'č'stva svoego in the metaphysical sense to cast the stress on the Nemanjić dynastic permanent right to the Serbian throne, not to describe the relations in the real time. The Nemanjić hereditary authority was regarded equal to the throne, so every ruler stepping onto it, according to Domentian, shares the same throne with his predecessors and the future rulers from the same family. Domentian calls both Stefan the First-Crowned and Vladislav, Radoslav's brother s'prestol'nik' ot'č'stva svoego, and the two of them have been firmly confirmed not to be their fathers' co-rulers. Besides, Domentian speaks of Radoslav as of s'prestol'nik' at the moments immediately preceding Stefan's death, thus not even for the chronological reasons can this fact be used as an evidence for the co-rule of Stefan and Radoslav. Theodosius similarly depicts the shift on the throne using the word s'prestol'nik' in the same context. The two acts of the town of Kotor from 1221 and the one from 1227 were dated sub tempore domini regis Radoslavi. The mentioning of king Radoslav at the time when his father was the Serbian king was considered a valid proof of Radoslav's co-rule with his father with the title

Smart field artillery information system: model development with an emphasis on collisions in Single Sign-On authentication / Интеллектуальная информационная система полевой артиллерии: разработка модели с акцентом на коллизии в аутентификации Single Sign-On / Pametni informacioni sistem poljske artiljerije - razvoj modela s težištem na kolizije u Single Sign-on autentifikaciji

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Nikola S. Manev

2017-04-01

�одчеркивает значимость применения информационной системы военной безопасности. / U radu se predlaže model pametnog informacionog sistema poljske artiljerije (SFAIS za primenu u vojne svrhe. Zasnovan je na servisno orijentisanoj arhitekturi (SOA, kao i na C4I informacionim sistemima i tehnologiji geografskog informacionog sistema (GIS. Cilj sistema jeste da doprinese povećanju nivoa kapaciteta vojske pri izvođenju operacija u multinacionalnom ili regionalnom okruženju. U tom kontekstu SFAIS obezbeđuje dobro projektovanu platformu za interoperabilnost s ostalim učesnicima zajedničkih vojnih misija i združenih operacija. Štaviše, sistem će biti korišćen za edukaciju u centrima za simulaciju i kompjuterskim laboratorijama. Artiljercima će obezbediti edukaciju zasnovanu na simuliranom operativnom okruženju, u kojem će se i izvoditi, a koje će obuhvatati čitav operacioni spektar artiljerijskih sistema (artiljerijske vatre, kao i proces pripreme elemenata i izvođenje gađanja u virtuelnom okruženju. Pri tome će, što je još važnije, predstaviti verovatnoću kolizija u heš funkcijama tokom single sign-on autentifikacije kako bi se pokazali postojeći sigurnosni nedostaci u distribuiranim kompjuterskim sistemima. Proučavanje specifičnih sigurnosnih momenata kod artiljerijskog informacionog sistema, zasnovanog na servisno orijentisanoj arhitekturi, takođe ističe značaj primene vojnog informacionog sistema u sigurnosnom okruženju.

Lociranje opasnih materija sa konstantnim i promenljivim radijusima uticaja / Locating dangerous goods with constant and variable impact radii / Размещение опасных материалов с постоянным и переменным радиусом воздействия

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Branka S. Dimitrijević

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Donošenje odluka o prostornom raspoređivanju opasnih materija neophodno je zbog minimiziranja rizika po okolinu. U ovom radu razmatran je problem lociranja različitih vrsta opasnih materija (sa različitim karakteristikama. One mogu biti locirane unutar poznatog diskretnog skupa potencijalnih lokacija skladišta, pod uslovom da budu zadovoljena minimalna bezbednosna rastojanja između odabranih lokacija. Minimalno bezbednosno rastojanje je posledica postojanja verovatnoće da opasne materije neželjeno deluju na objekte u okolini. Cilj je da se istovremeno maksimizira uskladištena količina različitih opasnih materija, vodeći računa o minimalnim bezbednosnim rastojanjima. Za neke opasne materije minimalno bezbednosno rastojanje je konstantna vrednost, koja zavisi samo od karakteristika opasnih materija. Sa druge strane, minimalno bezbednosno rastojanje može da varira u zavisnosti od količine opasne materije i njenih ostalih karakteristika. Za ova dva tipa minimalnih bezbednosnih rastojanja predloženi su modeli mešovitog celobrojnog programiranja. Ovi modeli zasnovani su na lokacijskom problemu nepokrivanja, pa se mogu tretirati i kao njegova modifikacija i proširenje. Verifikacija modela sprovedena je i ilustrovana na generisanom hipotetičkom primeru čiji su rezultati prikazani. / Making decisions about dangerous goods positioning is crucial when it is necessary to minimize environmental risks. In this paper, a specific problem of locating various kinds of dangerous goods (with different characteristics has been considered. Such goods should be located in a known discrete set of potential storage sites, under condition of the minimum safety distance (MSD between selected locations. The existence of the MSD is a consequence of the possibility that dangerous goods transfer their undesirable effects to the objects in the neighborhood. The objective here is to maximize the quantity of different kinds of dangerous goods stored meanwhile

Tendency of using chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear weapons for terrorist purposes / Тенденция применения радиационного, химического и биологического оружия в террористических целях / Tendencija upotrebe hemijskog, biološkog, radiološkog i nuklearnog oružja u terorističke svrhe

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Marko M. Krstić

2017-04-01

�а счет того, что неконвенциональное оружие может быть использовано террористическими структурами и направлено против отдельных государств. / Hemijski, biološki, radiološki i nuklearni terorizam (CBRN danas je ozbiljan problem, a njegova pretnja i korišćenje predstavlja uvod u novu epohu terorizma - epohu mnogo opasniju od bilo kog prethodnog perioda i terorizma sa kojim niko još ne zna kako da se nosi. Uznemirujuća je činjenica da teroristi mogu da dođu u posed oružja za masovno uništenje, a cilj rada je analiza verovatnoće CBRN terorističkih akcija gde je istaknuta sve veća zabrinutost i sve veći znaci konvergencije između terorizma i nekonvencionalnih CBRN oružja u terorističke svrhe. Terorizam danas uključuje tehnologije dostupne svakome, bilo gde i kada, raspoređene kroz inovativna rešenja, gde je neophodno takođe razumeti kompleksnu interakciju između dinamike ponašanja terorističkih grupa i odluka u vezi sa starim i novim tehnologijama. Perspektivu upotrebe CBRN terorizma potvrdile su mnoge države kao akutni bezbednosni izazov koji iziskuje efikasan i brz odgovor i reakciju. U radu će, takođe, biti rasvetljen odnos između terorističkih grupa i nekonvencionalnih oružja, kao i teškoće u identifikaciji faktora koji mogu izazvati njegovu eskalaciju. Nakon tragedije 11. septembra 2001. godine, ali i nekoliko godina pre, zvaničnici mnogih država istakli su mogućnost da terorističke organizacije vremenom dođu u posed nekonvencionalnih oružja i razviju mogućnosti njihove upotrebe protiv pojedinih država.

Experience in developing an innovation in view of its scientific verification and the product placement on the market / Опыт в развитии инноваций с точки зрения научной верификации и продвижения готовой продукции на рынке / Iskustva u razvoju inovacije sa aspekta naučne verifikacije i plasmana gotovog proizvoda na tržište

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Nikola P. Žegarac

2017-04-01

�бязательствами, которые подразумевают неразглашение информации о конструкции, а также инструкции по эксплуатации устройства. В настоящий момент в Институте интеллектуальной собственности города Белград оформляется защита интеллектуальной собственности данного устройства, и по его завершении планируется подача международной заявки на патент (защита РСТ. / Inovativni uređaj za demonatžu i montažu delova teško rastavljivih sklopova na mašinskim i elektropostrojenjima u terenskim uslovima remonta omogućava brzu i efikasanu demontažu i montažu delova, bez mogućnosti oštećenja. Jednostavan je za upotrebu i lako se prenosi. Može se primeniti za sve vrste postrojenja i više nivoe remonta u terenskim uslovima rada. Uređaj se nalazi na tržištu četiri godine, a očekuje se da će se koristiti narednih 10 godina, a verovatno i duže. Tokom dugogodišnjeg rada na poslovima održavanja postrojenja bilo je mnogo problema u remontu, pa je razvijen uređaj za demontažu i montažu mašinskih i elektrosklopova. Mnogi sklopovi nisu mogli biti demontirani i montirani u terenskim uslovima rada. Novi uređaj omogućio je da se razvije nova tehnologija remonta postrojenja na mestima gde su instalirana, zatim novi načini rada u organizaciji i izvršenju remonta. Od ideje do realizacije uređaja prošlo je samo 6 meseci, pošto tim ima veliko iskustvo na ovim i sličnim poslovima. Inovativni uređaj kupcima se isporučuje uz ugovorne obaveze o prodaji uređaja i remontu sistema, a definiše se i zaštita tajnosti konstrukcije i primene uređaja. U toku je postupak zaštite uređaja kod Zavoda za intelektualnu svojinu u Beogradu, a nakon toga biće podneta i međunarodna prijava za patentnu za

Prikazi

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Drahomira Gavranović

2012-02-01

nazivom U potrazi za našom pisanom baštinom: izazovi, perspektive, pitanja. Autor prikazuje stanje rukopisnih zbirki u zemljama istočne i jugoistočne Europe (Armenija, Bugarska, Rumunjska, Albanija, Makedonija i Hrvatska. U radu se govori o postupcima zaštite, digitalizacije i katalogizacije te mogućnostima provedbi znanstvenih istraživanja na dosad potpuno nepoznatim zbirkama. Autor daje primjere istraživanja koja bi se mogla provoditi na tim vrijednim rukopisnim zbirkama, od istraživanja načina čitanja samih rukopisa do istraživanja fragmenata, vodenih žigova, palimpsesta i sl. Rad je ovo koji otvara mnoga zanimljiva istraživačka pitanja. Autorica J. Lakuš izradila je rad pod naslovom Stare knjige, bibliografija i njezine istraživačke mogućnosti. Autorica nas u svome radu upoznaje s istraživanjima u području historijske bibliografije, unutar kojeg se knjiga promatra u širem kontekstu te se, osim uobičajenih bibliografskih podataka, bilježe npr. i podaci o posvetama, knjižarskim oglasima, cijeni knjige, vlasništvu i drugim zanimljivostima na knjigama i u njima. S obzirom da se knjigom bave različiti korisnici koji imaju različite potrebe (knjižničari, bibliografi, povjesničari..., autorica drži da bi bibliografije trebale biti prilagođene njihovim potrebama. Treći rad u ovoj cjelini posvećen je knjižarskim katalozima. Autorica E. Netchine u radu pod naslovom Knjižarski katalozi u zbirci Nacionalne knjižnice Francuske u Parizu: znanstveni opis zbirke efemerne građe donosi izvrstan primjer dobre prakse. Vrlo je malo istraživanja posvećeno proučavanju knjižarskih kataloga i stoga je ovaj rad iznimno značajan za sve koji se žele baviti tom temom. Nacionalna knjižnica Francuske objavila je znanstveni opis svoje zbirke knjižarskih kataloga tiskanih u Europi u razdoblju od 1473. do 1810. godine. Iznimno je to djelo koje čini polazište mnogim budućim istraživačima ove efemerne građe. Jedna od tema unutar druge cjeline ovoga