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Sample records for bioenergetico eolico minihidraulico

  1. Study of potentials bio energy, aeolian, miniature hydraulic and solar in Mexico (Annexe 9 in 'A vision of year 2030 on the use of the renewable energies in Mexico'); Estudio de los potenciales bioenergetico, eolico, minihidraulico y solar en Mexico (Anexo 9 en 'Una vision al 2030 de la utilizacion de las energias renovables en Mexico')

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Saldana Flores, Ricardo; Miranda Miranda, Ubaldo [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca, Morelos (Mexico)

    2005-08-15

    In this report we can observe maps and studies made about the evaluation of the bio energy potential of co-generation of electricity in the sugar industry and the sweepings, of the wind power potential in Latin America, the Caribbean and the Mexican Republic, of the miniature hydraulic potential and the hydro energy resources whereupon it counts country and, of the solar potential in which the OLADE presents/displays for Mexico the monthly maps of solar radiation maximum direct total and in Wm{sup 2}. [Spanish] En este reporte podemos observar mapas y estudios realizados acerca de la evaluacion del potencial bioenergetico de cogeneracion de electricidad en la industria azucarera y la basura, del potencial eoloenergetico en America Latina, el Caribe y la Republica Mexicana, del potencial minihidraulico y los recursos hidroenergeticos con que cuenta el pais y, del potencial solar en el cual la OLADE presenta para Mexico los mapas mensuales de radiacion solar maxima total y directa en W/m{sup 2}.

  2. Legal framework of the bioenergetics; Marco juridico de los bioenergeticos

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    NONE

    2009-12-15

    This paper presents the law on the Promotion and Development of Bioenergy in Mexico, the regulations of the Law on Promotion and Development of Bioenergy, the agreement on the issue guidelines for the granting of permits for the production, storage, transportation and marketing of biofuels type anhydrous ethanol and biodiesel, the agreement by which emit formats permit applications for the production, storage, transport and marketing of biofuels type anhydrous ethanol and biodiesel and the agreement which delegates to the Secretary of Energy Planning and Technological Development, the powers referred in Article 12 of the Law for the Promotion and Development of Bioenergy. [Spanish] En este documento se presenta la ley de Promocion y Desarrollo de los Bioenergeticos en Mexico, el reglamento de la Ley de Promocion y Desarrollo de los Bioenergeticos, el acuerdo por el que se emiten los lineamientos para el otorgamiento de permisos para la produccion, el almacenamiento, el transporte y la comercializacion de Bioenergeticos del tipo Etanol Anhidro y Biodiesel, el acuerdo por el que se emiten los formatos de solicitudes de permisos para la produccion, el almacenamiento, el transporte y la comercializacion de Bioenergeticos del tipo Etanol Anhidro y Biodiesel, y el acuerdo mediante el cual se delega en el Subsecretario de Planeacion Energetica y Desarrollo Tecnologico, las facultades a que hace referencia el articulo 12 de la Ley de Promocion y Desarrollo de los Bioenergeticos.

  3. A new aeolian generator for Mexico; Un nuevo generador eolico para Mexico

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    Voronin, Boris; Gomez Reyna, Jose Antonio; Zerquera Izquierdo, Mariano David; Cardenas Grajales, Juan Jose; Zamora Quintana, Laura Angelica [Universidad de Guadalajara (Mexico)

    2009-07-01

    The use of wind kinetic energy to produce electrical energy is one of the most powerful alternatives for the human being, to avoid the risk of being in the threshold of the age of stone. In the present work, different types from aero generators are analyzed and a new generator developed by one of the authors of this article is presented. Its high efficiency is presented in comparison with the helical generators that at the moment are dominant in the construction of Aeolian mills. Perspectives of exploitation of the kinetic energy of the wind in Mexico are analyzed. A resolution model of the problem of obtaining constant parameters of electrical output, to conditions of variable mechanical parameters of entrance is shown. An example is shown of the construction of Aeolian parks that can cover all the needs of electrical energy in Mexico. [Spanish] El uso de la energia cinetica del viento para la obtencion de la energia electrica, es una de las alternativas mas poderosas para el ser humano, para evitar el riesgo de estar al umbral de la edad de piedra. En el trabajo presente, se analizan diferentes tipos de aerogeneradores y se presenta un nuevo generador desarrollado por uno de los autores de este articulo. Se muestra su alta eficiencia en comparacion con los generadores helicoidales que actualmente son dominantes en la construccion de molinos eolicos. Se analizan perspectivas de aprovechamiento de la energia cinetica del viento en Mexico. Se muestra un modelo de resolucion del problema de la obtencion de parametros de salida electricos constantes, a condiciones de los parametros mecanicos de entrada variables. Se muestra un ejemplo de la construccion de parques eolicos que pueden cubrir todas las necesidades de energia electrica en Mexico.

  4. Methodology for monitoring the behaviour of wind-photovoltaic hybrid system in the conditions of Cuba; Metodologia para el monitoreo del comportamiento de un sistema hibrido eolico-fotovoltaico en las condiciones de Cuba

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    Rodriguez G, Maria; Nunez, Ariel; Marquez M, Soe del C [Centro de Investigaciones de Energia Solar, Santiago de Cuba (Cuba)

    2000-07-01

    The proposal of a methodology is shown in the work that allows monitoring the behaviour of wind-photovoltaic hybrid system beginning with the study of the energy resources (wind and solar) of the known place, designed and put into operation a hybrid installation, using Text Processing techniques could obtained operation curves of the system daily, monthly and annual, to configure the reading for port series of the parameters measured during the evaluation of the system a denominated software HYBSYS was developed in Lab View for Windows 3.1 or superior. [Spanish] Se muestra la propuesta de una metodologia que permite monitorear el comportamiento de un sistema hibrido eolico-fotovoltaico, comenzando con el estudio de los recursos energeticos (eolico y solar) de un sitio conocido se diseno y puso en funcionamiento una instalacion hibrida, usando las tecnicas de un procesador se pudieron obtener las curvas de funcionamiento diaria, mensual y anual del sistema, para configurar la lectura por puerto serie de los parametros medidos durante la evaluacion del sistema se desarrollo un software denominado HYBSYS en Lab View para Windows 3.1 o superior.

  5. Quantitative physic behavior of fine soils: collapsible aeolian and expansive residual; Comportamiento fisico cuantitativo de los suelos finos: eolicos colapsibles y residuales expansivos

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Zeevaert-Wiechers, L. [Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico)

    2000-06-01

    In many places of the earth crust there are fine sediments of eolian origin with collapsible characteristics, and residual soils with expansive features. In general, these soils are found with very low degrees of saturation. When the degree of saturation in fine eolian sediments increases, they suffer collapse because of the leaching of the calcium carbonates and the softening of the little clay, holding the intergranular structure. In the case of residual soils of expansive characteristics, the increase in the degree of saturation produces a reduction in the bond between the grains and the swelling of the clay mineral takes place, inducing important changes in the mechanical behavior such as irregular vertical displacements of the ground surface and of the engineering constructions on top of it. It is therefore, necessary to learn the quantitative parameters that govern the static and dynamic behavior of this type of soils with respect to the moisture-related environmental changes. Basic investigation is important and required in soil mechanics and foundation engineering and it shall be performed on the different types of soils found in nature. [Spanish] En multiples lugares de la corteza terrestre existen sedimentos eolicos finos de caracteristicas colapsibles y suelos residuales con propiedades expansivas, los que en general se encuentran con grados muy bajos de saturacion. Cuando aumenta el grado de saturacion en los sedimentos eolicos finos, que sufren un colapso, debido a la lexiviacion de los carbonatos de calcio y al reblandecimiento de la poca arcilla, que sostienen la estructura intergranular. En el caso de los suelos residuales de caracteristicas expansivas, el aumento en el grado de saturacion provoca reduccion de la adherencia entre los granos e hinchamiento del mineral de arcilla, ocasionandose cambios importantes en el comportamiento mecanico. Lo anterior provoca deformacion irregularse en la superficie de los suelos y en las construcciones que se

  6. Sizing an isolated wind-solar-fuel cell generation system based on the particle swarm optimization method; Dimensionamiento de un sistema de generacion aislado eolico-solar-celda de combustible basado en el metodo de optimizacion de enjambre de particulas

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sanchez-Huerta, V; Ramirez-Arredondo, Juan M. [Universidad de Quintana Roo, Chetumal, Quintana Roo (Mexico)]. E-mail: vsanchez@gdl.cinvestav.mx; Arriaga-Hurtado, L. G. [CIDETEQ, Queretaro (Mexico)

    2009-09-15

    Sizing an electric energy system requires an analysis of investment, maintenance and operating costs. In the case of a generation system that uses renewable sources, optimal capacity becomes more complex compared to a conventional system, because of the randomness of renewable resources (wind, solar) and the still high costs of wind and photovoltage generator modules. This work presents the optimal sizing of a wind-solar-fuel cell generation system, minimizing the costs of the system while satisfying the energy demands of an isolated charge. The optimization method used is based on an evolutionary programming technique known as particle swarms (PSO-particle swarm optimization). The generation of energy with a hybrid system is discussed, based on the profile of insolation and wind availability at the site, with the objective of satisfying a specific electric demand. [Spanish] El dimensionamiento de un sistema de generacion de energia electrica requiere un analisis de los costos de inversion, mantenimiento y operacion. En el caso de un sistema de generacion que utiliza fuentes renovables la capacidad optima resulta mas compleja con respecto a un sistema convencional, debido a la aleatoriedad de los recursos renovables (eolico, solar), y a los aun altos costos de generadores eolicos y modulos fotovoltaicos. En este trabajo se presenta el dimensionamiento optimo de un sistema de generacion eolico-solar-celda de combustible minimizando los costos del sistema que satisfaga la energia demandada por una carga aislada. El metodo de optimizacion utilizado esta basado en una tecnica de programacion evolutiva conocida como enjambre de particulas (PSO por sus siglas en ingles: particle swarm optimization). Se plantea la generacion de energia del sistema hibrido con base a la insolacion y el perfil del viento disponible en sitio, con objeto de satisfacer una demanda electrica determinada.

  7. Wind power in Mexico: simulation of a wind farm and application of probabilistic safety analysis; La energia del viento en Mexico: Simulacion de un parque eolico y aplicacion de analisis probabilistica de seguridad

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Martin del Campo Marquez, C.; Nelson Edestein, P.F.; Garcia Vazquez, M.A. [Facultad de Ingenieria, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (Mexico)]. E-mail: cecilia.martin.del.campo@gmail.com; pnelson_007@yahoo.com; maiki27@yahoo.com

    2009-10-15

    The most important aspects of wind energy in Mexico, including the potential for generating electricity and the major projects planned are presented here. In particular, the generation costs are compared to those of other energy sources. The results from the simulation of a 100MW wind farm in the Tehuantepec Isthmus are also presented. In addition, the environmental impacts related to the wind farm in the mentioned zone are analyzed. Finally, some benefits of using Probabilistic Safety Analysis are discussed with respect to evaluating the risks associated with events that can occur in wind parks, being especially useful for design and maintenance of the parks and the wind turbines themselves. In particular, an event tree was developed to analyze possible accident sequences that could occur when the wind speed is too great. Also, fault trees were developed for each mitigating system considered, in order to determine the relative importance of the wind generator components to the failure sequences, in order to evaluate the yield of suggested improvements and the optimization of maintenance programs. [Spanish] Se presentan los aspectos mas importantes referentes a la energia eolica en Mexico, su potencial de aprovechamiento y los proyectos planeados. Se comparan sus costos de generacion electrica con los de otras fuentes de energia. Se presentan los resultados de la simulacion con el programa WindPro, de un parque eolico de 100 MW localizado en el Istmo de Tehuantepec. Asimismo, se analizan algunos de los impactos ambientales relacionados con la instalacion de paquetes eolicos en la zona mencionada. Finalmente, se discuten las ventajas que pueden aportar los analisis probabilisticas de seguridad para evaluar los riesgos asociados a eventos que pueden ocurrir en los parques eolicos, sino de los resultados de este analisis de utilidad para el diseno y mantenimiento de los parques y de los propios aerogeneradores. Especificamente se desarrollo un arbol de eventos con el

  8. Preliminary results of the evaluation of the Wind power resource in several sites of the state of Zacatecas; Resultados preliminares de la evaluacion del recurso eolico en varios sitios del estado de Zacatecas

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Reta, Manuel; Soto, Cristian; De la Torre, Jorge; Ibarra, Salvador; Alvarez, Jose; Romo, Guillermo; Banuelos, Francisco; Ochoa, Carlos; Martinez, Antonio; Aguilar, Efrain; Medina Garcia, G; Rumayor R, A.F. (Mexico)

    2009-07-15

    The present article shows the preliminary results of the analysis of wind power monitoring of fifteen agro-climatic stations 3 m high, of Instituto Nacional de Investigationes Forestales, Agricolas y Pecuarias of Zacatecas state. The preliminary analysis of the available data of wind velocity allows to extrapolate values at 10 m and 30 m of high in each one of the measured sites, and to evaluate the Wind potential, in W/m{sup 2}, at 30 m high. These results will allow selecting the best sites for the collection of wind power generators of medium and low scale for the possible development of wind farms in rural zones not connected to the national power network. [Spanish] El presente articulo muestra los resultados preliminares del analisis de monitoreo eolico de quince estaciones agroclimaticas a 3 m de altura, del Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agricolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), distribuidas en el estado de Zacatecas. El analisis preliminar de los datos disponibles de velocidad de viento permite extrapolar valores a 10 m y 30 m de altura en cada uno de los sitios medidos, y a evaluar el potencial eolico, en W/m{sup 2}, a 30 m de altura. Estos resultados permitiran seleccionar los mejores sitios para la coleccion de aerogeneradores de mediana y baja escala para el posible desarrollo de granjas eolicas en zonas rurales desconectadas de la red electrica nacional.

  9. Analysis of the variation effect of the mass in an aeolian shock absorber; Analisis del efecto de la variacion de la masa en un amortiguador eolico

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Olivares Arriaga, Abraham

    2007-06-15

    instrumentation used for this aim. In chapter 5 the exposition of the design of experiments is realized and the first tests are reviewed to find the variation of the coefficient of damping with respect to the parameters that more affect it. The realized test results are shown in chapter 6. Finally in chapter 7, the conclusions and recommendations are given about this work. The main conclusion was that the mass is the factor that produces more variations of the damping coefficient. For the factors of the length and the moment of inertia a significant variation of the damping is not produced. [Spanish] En Mexico asi como en todo el mundo, las lineas de transmision de energia electrica se ven sometidas a vibracion que puede variar segun las caracteristicas del flujo del aire que las produce; para atenuar la vibracion y con esto, las fallas que se pudieran producir, principalmente fallas por fatiga o fractura, se han empleado desde la decada de 1930 amortiguadores eolicos tipo Stockbridge para disipar esta energia. Los principales parametros de un amortiguador tipo Stockbridge son: la masa del contrapeso, el momento de inercia, la longitud del cable mensajero, el coeficiente de amortiguamiento, las propiedades del cable mensajero, etc. Uno de los parametros mas importantes en el diseno de los amortiguadores eolicos es el coeficiente adimensional de amortiguamiento, por lo que es vital saber si este parametro varia conforme cambian las caracteristicas del amortiguador eolico. La presente investigacion se centra en conocer si existe o no una variacion en el coeficiente adimensional de amortiguamiento con respecto a los parametros del amortiguador. En el capitulo 1 se introduce al fenomeno de la vibracion eolica y a sus caracteristicas principales. Se describen los equipos utilizados para la reduccion de la vibracion eolica llamados amortiguadores tipo Stockbridge, y se plantean la definicion y el objetivo de las tesis. En el capitulo 2 se revisan dos modelos matematicos para describir

  10. Dynamic simulation of a pumping system using the wind power and determination of the aeolian resources; Simulacion dinamica de un sistema de bombeo utilizando la potencia del viento y determinacion de recursos eolicos

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Velasco Lozano, Miguel

    2002-05-15

    The present investigation project pretends toward analyze the possibility of pumping water using Aeolian energy from the Soto la Marina River to the Contadero Lagoon, through an eight kilometers channel. In order to obtain this objective it is necessary to analyze diverse configurations for Aeolian energy converters as well as to determine the Aeolian potential of the site. An isolated Aeolian energy pumping system will be analyzed, that is to say, without interconnection with the electric power network and another interconnected with this network. In addition, with the installation of meteorological monitoring stations a partial evaluation of the Aeolian resource in the zone will be made. This research project was born as a result of an invitation of the Dr. Eric Gustafson, President of Conservation Mexico A.C. and of Ing. Virgilio Garza, President of the Vigia Group, to participate in a project called Laguna Flamingo. Such project deals with the restoration of a habitat of aquatic birds in the Contadero Lagoon, property of Ing. Virgilio Garza in Soto la Marina, Tamaulipas, Mexico. [Spanish] El presente proyecto de investigacion pretende analizar la posibilidad de bombear agua utilizando energia eolica desde el rio Soto La Marina hasta la laguna Contadero, a traves de un canal de 8 km. Para lograr este objetivo es necesario analizar diversas configuraciones de convertidores de energia eolica asi como determinar el potencial eolico del sitio. Se analizara un sistema de bombeo con energia eolica operando aislado, es decir, sin interconexion con la red electrica y otro interconectado con dicha red. Ademas, con la instalacion de estaciones de monitoreo meteorologico se realizara una evaluacion parcial del recurso eolico en la zona. Este proyecto de investigacion nacio a raiz de una invitacion del Dr. Eric Gustafson, Presidente de Conservacion Mexico A.C. y del Ing. Virgilio Garza, Presidente del grupo Vigia, para participar en un proyecto llamado Laguna Flamingo. Tal

  11. Assessment of wind potential at three sites in the state of Durango; Evaluacion del potencial eolico en tres sitios del estado de Durango

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Saldana Flores, Ricardo; Miranda Miranda, Ubaldo

    2010-11-15

    As part of the activities of the project Laboratorio Nacional para la Evaluacion de los Recursos Renovables en Mexico (LERM), a preliminary estimate of the wind potential in three sites of Durango state was carried out, Lerdo (103 degrees 31 minutes 28 seconds W, 25 degrees 32 minutes 10 seconds N and 1140 m altitude), Guadalupe Victoria (104 degrees 07 minutes W, 24 degrees 27 minutes N and 2000 m altitude) and Santiago Papasquiaro (105 degrees 25 minuets 09 seconds W, 25 degrees 02 minutes 38 seconds N and 1720 m altitude). The following results were obtained from data analysis: Lerdo, measurement period February 2009 to January 2010 (20 m height), monthly wind speed average 1.790 to 2.960 m/s, mean power density 11.730 to 45.044 W/m{sup 2}, Guadalupe Victoria, measurement period March 2009 to February 2010 (50 m height), monthly wind speed average 3.200 to 6.440 m/s, mean power density 37.024 to 241.968 W/m{sup 2}; and Santiago Papasquiaro, measurement period April to August 2009 (30 m height), monthly wind speed average 2.290 to 4.320 m/s, mean power density 23.313 to 127.353 W/m{sup 2}. [Spanish] Como parte de las actividades desarrolladas dentro del proyecto Laboratorio Nacional para la Evaluacion de los Recursos Energeticos Renovables en Mexico (LERM), se llevo a cabo la estimacion preliminar del potencial eolico en tres sitios de interes del estado de Durango, Lerdo (103 grados 31 minutis 28 segundos O, 25 grados 32 minutos 10 segundos N y 1140 m de altitud), Guadalupe Victoria (104 grados 07 minutos O, 24 grados 27 minutos N y 2000 m de altitud) y Santiago Papasquiaro (105 grados 25 minutos 09 segundos O, 25 grados 02 minutos 38 segundos N y 1720 m de altitud). Analizando la informacion obtenida en diferentes periodos de medicion se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados: Lerdo, periodo de medicion de febrero de 2009 a enero de 2010 a 20 m de altura, velocidad promedio mensual del viento entre 1.790 y 2.960 m/s, densidad de potencia media entre 11.730 y 45

  12. Wind power project; Proyecto eolico

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Borja D, Marco A. [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca, Morelos (Mexico)

    2003-07-01

    In the international scope, nowadays it is recognized that the wind power generation is an innovating activity of high technology that has been integrated to the electrical systems in order to diversify the power generation and to foment the sustainable development. In several industrialized countries no one discusses any longer if wind power generation is a viable alternative or not, because in the last ten years the facts have widely demonstrated their technical viability and environmental advantage with respect to the conventional generation schemes. [Spanish] En el ambito internacional, hoy en dia se reconoce que la generacion eoloelectrica es una actividad innovadora de alta tecnologia que se ha integrado a los sistemas electricos con el proposito de diversificar la generacion de electricidad y fomentar el desarrollo sustentable. En varios paises industrializados ya no se discute si la generacion eoloelectrica es una alternativa viable o no, pues en los ultimos diez anos los hechos han demostrado ampliamente su viabilidad tecnica y ventaja ambiental respecto a la generacion convencional.

  13. Work- influence of the renewable energy sources in the environment, their use in Cuba; Trabajo- Influencia de las fuentes energeticas renovables en el medio ambiente, su aplicacion en Cuba

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mendez Gonzalez, Mercedes; Sarmiento Sera, Antonio [Instituto Superior Politecnico Jose A. Echeverria (ISPJAE), Ciudad de la Habana (Cuba)

    2000-07-01

    Among the different renewable energy technologies, wind provides better possibilities in regions in which this resource is available. The advantages of wind, as well as solar energy technologies are less or none fuel costs and less environmental impacts. According to the current available technology development, the use of hybrid systems of photovoltaic and wind energy presents large opportunities to cover the energy needs of isolated areas, specially in facilities that don't have connection to the national transmission grid. This study presents the different environmental impacts that hybrid systems have (incorporing the landscape impacts as well as socioeconomical impacts) for the electricity generation in Cuba. We conclude that these systems allow an important power generation in Cuba, and that they have neglected impacts to the environment. The use hybrid systems in Cuba are particularly important in ecotourism facilities and other small industries. [Spanish] Dentro de las posibilidades energeticas y medioambientales de los distintos tipos de energias renovables; la eolica por su caracter limpio e inagotable, permite un gran desarrollo en aquellas areas que cuentan con el potencial necesario para su aplicacion. De forma similar la energia solar presenta ventajas importantes, ambos son recursos gratuitos, no contaminantes y disponibles en muchas localidades. Segun las tecnologias actualmente disponibles, la utilizacion de sistemas hibridos de energia solar fotovoltaica y eolica presenta mayor interes hoy en dia para cubrir consumos aislados, en instalaciones alejadas de la red nacional de electrificacion. Este trabajo plantea un estudio, de la afectacion que sobre el medio ambiente, tanto en el aspecto visual como socioeconomico, tienen las fuentes energeticas renovables, y especificamente los sistemas hibridos eolico- fotovoltaicos para la generacion de electricidad en Cuba, a partir de conocer los recursos eolico y solar disponible en el lugar del

  14. Hybrid system of generating electricity, solar eolic diesel San Juanico, Baja California Sur, Mexico; Sistema hibrido de generacion electrica, eolico solar diesel San Juanico, Baja California Sur, Mexico

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Huerta, Javier [Comision Federal de Electricidad, La Paz, Baja California Sur (Mexico); Johnston, Peter [Technology Development, Arizona (United States); Napikoski, Chester [Generation Engineering, Arizona (United States); Escutia, Ricardo [Comision Federal de Electricidad, Baja California Sur (Mexico)

    2000-07-01

    is generated thru the selling of electric energy, guarantees the sustainable operation of the system. [Spanish] La Comision Federal de Electricidad (CFE), y la empresa electrica norteamericana Arizona Public Service (APS), firmaron un convenio de colaboracion para desarrollar un proyecto de generacion de energia electrica con la utilizacion de energias renovables. Las premisas que se acordaron fueron las siguientes: 1. Enfoque del proyecto hacia una comunidad rural. 2. El costo de la obra debera ser menor al de su interconexion con el sistema convencional. 3. Aceptacion por parte de la comunidad, y autoridades gubernamentales. 4. Sustentabilidad de la operacion del sistema. Se efectuaron diversos analisis tecnicos y economicos asi como la evaluacion del recurso solar y eolico, estudio de impacto ambiental, plan de negocios para obtener la aprobacion de los recursos economicos ante instancias como Niagara Mohawk (NIMO), y la USAID, mediante la supervision de los Laboratorios Nacionales de Sandia. Despues de efectuarse las mediciones anemometricas y de radiacion solar, en diversas comunidades, se considero a la comunidad de San Juanico como la mas viable; tambien los aspectos de logistica, sociales, tamano de la comunidad y como detonador para las actividades economicas como la pesca y el turismo. La APS llevo a cabo el proyecto ejecutivo de conformidad con las recomendaciones de la Comision Federal de Electricidad. El proyecto consistio basicamente en la instalacion de 10 aerogeneradores de 10 Kw. c/u, un arreglo solar de 17 Kw., un inversor de 70 Kw., un banco de baterias de 432 Kwh., mas un motogenerador diesel de emergencia de 80 Kw. Ademas de la obra civil y electromecanica. Fue necesario involucrar a la poblacion en el conocimiento y seguimiento del proyecto desde sus inicios, ya que consideramos que este factor seria indispensable para lograr el exito del mismo. Se instalaron lamparas ahorradoras de energia en viviendas y alumbrado publico para optimizar el

  15. Hybrid system of generating electricity, solar eolic diesel San Juanico, Baja California Sur, Mexico; Sistema hibrido de generacion electrica, eolico solar diesel San Juanico, Baja California Sur, Mexico

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Huerta, Javier [Comision Federal de Electricidad, La Paz, Baja California Sur (Mexico); Johnston, Peter [Technology Development, Arizona (United States); Napikoski, Chester [Generation Engineering, Arizona (United States); Escutia, Ricardo [Comision Federal de Electricidad, Baja California Sur (Mexico)

    2000-07-01

    that is generated thru the selling of electric energy, guarantees the sustainable operation of the system. [Spanish] La Comision Federal de Electricidad (CFE), y la empresa electrica norteamericana Arizona Public Service (APS), firmaron un convenio de colaboracion para desarrollar un proyecto de generacion de energia electrica con la utilizacion de energias renovables. Las premisas que se acordaron fueron las siguientes: 1. Enfoque del proyecto hacia una comunidad rural. 2. El costo de la obra debera ser menor al de su interconexion con el sistema convencional. 3. Aceptacion por parte de la comunidad, y autoridades gubernamentales. 4. Sustentabilidad de la operacion del sistema. Se efectuaron diversos analisis tecnicos y economicos asi como la evaluacion del recurso solar y eolico, estudio de impacto ambiental, plan de negocios para obtener la aprobacion de los recursos economicos ante instancias como Niagara Mohawk (NIMO), y la USAID, mediante la supervision de los Laboratorios Nacionales de Sandia. Despues de efectuarse las mediciones anemometricas y de radiacion solar, en diversas comunidades, se considero a la comunidad de San Juanico como la mas viable; tambien los aspectos de logistica, sociales, tamano de la comunidad y como detonador para las actividades economicas como la pesca y el turismo. La APS llevo a cabo el proyecto ejecutivo de conformidad con las recomendaciones de la Comision Federal de Electricidad. El proyecto consistio basicamente en la instalacion de 10 aerogeneradores de 10 Kw. c/u, un arreglo solar de 17 Kw., un inversor de 70 Kw., un banco de baterias de 432 Kwh., mas un motogenerador diesel de emergencia de 80 Kw. Ademas de la obra civil y electromecanica. Fue necesario involucrar a la poblacion en el conocimiento y seguimiento del proyecto desde sus inicios, ya que consideramos que este factor seria indispensable para lograr el exito del mismo. Se instalaron lamparas ahorradoras de energia en viviendas y alumbrado publico para optimizar el

  16. Hybrid 95: Software for the design of hybrid systems, Potrerillo of Santa Teresa; Hybrid 95: Software de diseno de sistemas hibridos, Potrerillo de Santa Teresa

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Casaravilla, G.; Chaer, R. [Instituto de Ingenieria Electrica, Facultad de Ingenieria, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo (Uruguay)

    1997-12-31

    This paper describes the software Hybrid 95 and how it is used for the design of hybrid systems. As an application example some of the design stages are looked over (determination of the wind resource, simulations for sizing generation/storage and topology) of the Potrerillo installation. Taking into account the site clear ecological connotations, during the design consideration is made of the visual impact that represents the possible wind-generator, therefore several locations and wind-generator heights are studied, even arriving to the wind-generation elimination. [Espanol] Este trabajo describe el software Hybrid 95 y como se utiliza a los efectos del diseno de sistemas hibridos. Como ejemplo de aplicacion se recorren algunas de las etapas del diseno (determinacion del recurso eolico, simulaciones para el dimensionado de generacion/acumulacion y topologia) de la instalacion de Potrerillo. Teniendo en cuenta las claras connotaciones ecologistas del lugar, durante el diseno se tiene presente el impacto visual que representa el eventual aerogenerador por lo que se estudian diversas ubicaciones y alturas de aerogenerador, llegandose incluso a estudiar la eliminacion de la generacion eolica.

  17. Infrastrutture e pianificazione paesaggistica nel rinnovato Codice dei Beni culturali e del Paesaggio

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Saverio Santangelo

    2012-08-01

    Full Text Available Le infrastrutture agiscono sul paesaggio con effetti sia diretti, e spazialmente limitati, che indiretti, e non precisamente limitati nello spazio e nel tempo. Gli effetti indiretti, in particolare, riguardano anche le infrastrutture che non vediamo, perché nel sottosuolo, o di cui vediamo solo gli elementi puntuali e materiali di reti prevalentemente immateriali. In quest’ultimo caso si tratta dei sistemi di flusso delle informazioni, che oggi e ancor più in prospettiva, insieme ai sistemi per la produzione locale di energia (segnatamente fotovoltaico ed eolico, rafforzano le tendenze all’indifferenza dei fattori localizzativi di attività e residenze. Tutto questo da un lato consente riduzioni dei suoli impegnati e, per alcuni versi, la stessa salvaguardia del paesaggio (possono ridursi le reti fisiche per il trasporto di energia elettrica e gas, ed esempio, ma dall’altro favorisce nuove domande di suolo a fini urbanizzativi e di infrastrutture, non soltanto stradali, per servire ed accedere alle nuove aree interessate dalla domanda, e quindi comporta altri impatti sul paesaggio.

  18. Hybrid 95: Software for the design of hybrid systems, Potrerillo of Santa Teresa; Hybrid 95: Software de diseno de sistemas hibridos, Potrerillo de Santa Teresa

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Casaravilla, G; Chaer, R [Instituto de Ingenieria Electrica, Facultad de Ingenieria, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo (Uruguay)

    1998-12-31

    This paper describes the software Hybrid 95 and how it is used for the design of hybrid systems. As an application example some of the design stages are looked over (determination of the wind resource, simulations for sizing generation/storage and topology) of the Potrerillo installation. Taking into account the site clear ecological connotations, during the design consideration is made of the visual impact that represents the possible wind-generator, therefore several locations and wind-generator heights are studied, even arriving to the wind-generation elimination. [Espanol] Este trabajo describe el software Hybrid 95 y como se utiliza a los efectos del diseno de sistemas hibridos. Como ejemplo de aplicacion se recorren algunas de las etapas del diseno (determinacion del recurso eolico, simulaciones para el dimensionado de generacion/acumulacion y topologia) de la instalacion de Potrerillo. Teniendo en cuenta las claras connotaciones ecologistas del lugar, durante el diseno se tiene presente el impacto visual que representa el eventual aerogenerador por lo que se estudian diversas ubicaciones y alturas de aerogenerador, llegandose incluso a estudiar la eliminacion de la generacion eolica.

  19. Supervisory control for hybrid systems of electrical generation based on fuzzy logic; Control supervisorio para sistemas hibridos de generacion electrica basado en logica difusa

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lagunas M, Javier; Ortega S, Cesar [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca, Morelos (Mexico); Caratozzolo M, Patricia [Instituto Tecnologico de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, campus Cd. de Mexico (Mexico)

    2005-07-01

    The development and integration of hybrid systems of electrical generation (SHGE) of small capacity: The intention of these developments is its implementation in isolated or far away communities from conventional electric networks, that contribute in the own productive processes of these towns. As part of these work a system of control for their hybrid system wind-photovoltaic- internal combustion machine was developed that operates nowadays in a system installed in Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico. However, in the two past years, the GENC has worked, altogether with the Management of Control and Instrumentation of the Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas (IIE) and the Centro Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo Tecnologico (CENIDET) (National Center of Research and Technological Development), to incorporate an intelligent control technique in the regulation of the hybrid systems of wind-photovoltaic-machine of internal combustion type. Lemos de Pereira rises that the main problems of the present technology of the SHGE are related to the control and supervision of the power systems. The system that is in charge of the actions of load control and dispatch is denominated supervisory control. This controller supervises the operation of all the components, regulates the entry or exiting of operation of the generation systems, as well as the loads. [Spanish] El desarrollo e integracion de sistemas hibridos de generacion electrica (SHGE) de pequena capacidad. El proposito de estos desarrollos es su implementacion en comunidades aisladas o alejadas de la red electrica convencional, las cuales contribuyan en los procesos productivos propios de estos poblados. Como parte de dichos trabajos se desarrollo un sistema de control para su sistema hibrido eolico-fotovoltaico-maquina de combustion interna que opera actualmente en un sistema instalado en Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico. Ahora bien, en los dos ultimos anos, la GENC ha trabajado, en conjunto con la Gerencia de Control e

  20. Performance of spanish wind turbines; Estadisticas de produccion de parques eolicos en Espana

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lago, C

    1995-07-01

    In this document we can find a statistical evaluation for the wind energy generation from each spanish wind farm referred to 1994, going on with the work that has been carried out since 1992, by initiative of the Wind Energy Division from Renewable Energy Institute. The purpose of this work is to contribute with interesting information for the wind environment and offer a global view from monthly performances of different wind farms. (Author)

  1. Wind power. A success of a plant; Il successo di un impianto eolico

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Pancaldi, A.

    2000-09-01

    Wind power can have an ideal application in particular in the geographical context. Realization problems and project financing are in this work illustrated. [Italian] L'energia eolica trova ideale applicazione in particolari contesti geografici. Una panoramica dei problemi realizzativi, dal finanziamento alla tipologia di impianto sino ai rapporti con l'utenza in una innovativa realizzazione scozzese.

  2. Sun, wind and electric generation; Sol, viento y generacion electrica

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Huacuz Villamar, Jorge M. [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca (Mexico)

    1995-12-31

    A description is made of the electric generation known as the photovoltaic-wind power hybrid systems at the generation station of X-Calak which is located in the zone known as Punta Herrero-X-Calak Corridor, in the Southern coast of the Quintana Roo State. This is a technology in development, in which the solar and the wind energy are combined, to offer an alternative of electric generation that can be economical, reliable and of low impact on the environment. Mention is made of the experiences gathered in this station as well as the results obtained [Espanol] Se describe la tecnologia de generacion electrica conocida como sistemas hibridos fotovoltaico-eolico en la planta generadora de X-Calak, la cual esta localizada en la zona conocida como el corredor Punta Herrero-X-Calak, en la costa sur del estado de Quintana Roo. Esta es una tecnologia en desarrollo, en donde se combina la energia solar y energia eolica, para ofrecer una alternativa de generacion electrica que pretende ser economica, confiable y de bajo impacto sobre el medio ambiente. Se mencionan las experiencias obtenidas en esta planta asi como los resultados obtenidos

  3. Sun, wind and electric generation; Sol, viento y generacion electrica

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Huacuz Villamar, Jorge M [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca (Mexico)

    1996-12-31

    A description is made of the electric generation known as the photovoltaic-wind power hybrid systems at the generation station of X-Calak which is located in the zone known as Punta Herrero-X-Calak Corridor, in the Southern coast of the Quintana Roo State. This is a technology in development, in which the solar and the wind energy are combined, to offer an alternative of electric generation that can be economical, reliable and of low impact on the environment. Mention is made of the experiences gathered in this station as well as the results obtained [Espanol] Se describe la tecnologia de generacion electrica conocida como sistemas hibridos fotovoltaico-eolico en la planta generadora de X-Calak, la cual esta localizada en la zona conocida como el corredor Punta Herrero-X-Calak, en la costa sur del estado de Quintana Roo. Esta es una tecnologia en desarrollo, en donde se combina la energia solar y energia eolica, para ofrecer una alternativa de generacion electrica que pretende ser economica, confiable y de bajo impacto sobre el medio ambiente. Se mencionan las experiencias obtenidas en esta planta asi como los resultados obtenidos

  4. Architectonic strategies for sub-climates for the Mexican Republic; Estrategias arquitectonicas por subclimas para la republica mexicana

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Buerba, Carmen; Tellez, Carolina; Perez Muzquiz, Erika; Perez Acuna, Claudia Jimena; Gomez Pamatz, Pilar; Lopez Leon, Javier; Magdaleno, Rafael; Bolanos, Victor Hugo; Alfaro Quintero, Estefania; Hernandez, Ivan [Universidad Michoacana, Facultad de Arquitectura (Mexico)

    2009-07-01

    subclimas de nuestro pais, respecto de su importancia economica y urbana. La seleccion de los subclimas se hizo tomando en cuenta que son los que se presentan en las ciudades capitales y en otras ciudades de alta importancia urbana. Basicamente cada una de las tablas contiene: Descripcion del subclima y su ubicacion por region climatica, aspectos fisico-geograficos relevantes, condiciones climaticos relevantes, estrategias bioclimaticas a utilizar, propuestas de diseno a partir de los ejes solar y eolico (orientacion y ubicacion de espacios y aberturas, materiales y sistemas constructivos, sistema de control solar y eolico). El presente trabajo es parte de un libro sobre diseno bioclimatico para arquitectura en Mexico de proxima publicacion, que contendra, divididas segun las 10 regiones climaticas propuestas por el Instituto de Geografia de la UNAM1, carpetas con los sublimas que se presenten en cada una de las 10 regiones climatica, y en cada una de ellas, tablas con las distintas ciudades seleccionadas.

  5. Confronto tra diverse localizzazioni di un impianto eolico contemperando produttività ed impatto visivo

    OpenAIRE

    Simone Cerroni; Lorenzo Venzi

    2008-01-01

    This paper proposes a series of variations in designing the location of a wind farm on Monti della Tolfa. These project solutions aim at mitigating the visual impact caused by the wind aerogenerators. Besides the usual location of the wind aerogenerators on the skyline, these alternatives within the project design relate to the placement of wind turbines in the middle and at the bottom of the hillside. Other possible mitigation forms relate to the dimensions and the colour of the wind towers....

  6. Confronto tra diverse localizzazioni di un impianto eolico contemperando produttività ed impatto visivo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Simone Cerroni

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available This paper proposes a series of variations in designing the location of a wind farm on Monti della Tolfa. These project solutions aim at mitigating the visual impact caused by the wind aerogenerators. Besides the usual location of the wind aerogenerators on the skyline, these alternatives within the project design relate to the placement of wind turbines in the middle and at the bottom of the hillside. Other possible mitigation forms relate to the dimensions and the colour of the wind towers. This study proposes both a non-monetary and monetary analysis of the visual impact related to each project proposal. The final aim of the paper is to analyze economic and financial costs-benefits for each alternative to find out the economic optimal solution.

  7. Financial analysis of wind power projects; Analisis financiero de proyectos eolicos de generacion electrica

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Juanico, Luis E; Bergallo, Juan E [Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica, San Carlos de Bariloche (Argentina). Centro Atomico Bariloche

    1999-07-01

    In this work a financial assessment of the economic competitiveness of wind power projects in Argentina compared with other no CO{sub 2} emission sources, such as nuclear, was developed. Argentina has a market driven electrical grid system, and no greenhouse gas emissions penalty taxes, together with a very low natural gas cost and a sustained nuclear development program. For the financial analysis an average wind velocity source of 8 m/s, on several wind farms (from 2 machines to 60) built with new technology wind generators (750 kilowatts power, 900 dollar/kilowatt cost) operating over 20 years, was considered. The leveled cost obtained is decreasing while the number of machines is increasing, from 0,130 dollar/kilowatt-hour to 0,090 dollar/kilowatts-hour. This poor performance can be partially explained considering the higher interest rates in the argentine financial market (15%) than the ones in developed countries.

  8. Sistemas Eolicos Pequenos para Generacion de Electricidad: Una guia para consumidores en Nuevo Mexico

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    2007-09-01

    This Spanish version of the popular Small Wind Electric Systems: A New Mexico Consumer's Guide provides consumers with information to help them determine whether a small wind electric system can provide all or a portion of the energy they need for their home or business based on their wind resource, energy needs, and economics. Topics include how to make a home more energy efficient, how to choose the correct turbine size, the parts of a wind electric system, how to determine whether enough wind resource exists, how to choose the best site for a turbine, how to connect a system to the utility grid, and whether it's possible to become independent of the utility grid using wind energy. In addition, the cover of the guide contains a list of contacts for more information.

  9. Options for rural electrification in Mexico; Opcion para la electrificacion de pequenas comunidades rurales en Mexico

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gutierrez Vera, Jorge [Luz y Fuerza del Centro, S. A., Mexico, D. F. (Mexico)

    1994-12-31

    The paper summarizes the results obtained in the study carried out in communities of the Hidalgo State, localized in remote and of difficult access sites. In the study 19 different options, which are technically and economically feasible, from the stand point of commercialization and electrification of the same. The performance of these systems was evaluated with respect to their capability to satisfy 12 technical goals and 5 social-economical, as well as their environmental impact. An hybrid system based on photovoltaic cells, diesel or gasoline generator and a wind-power generator, we think is the recommended option for this type of communities. [Espanol] Este trabajo sintetiza los resultados de un estudio llevado a cabo en comunidades del estado de Hidalgo, localizadas en lugares remotos y de dificil acceso. En el estudio se analizaron 19 diferentes opciones que son factibles tecnica y comercialmente hablando para la electrificacion de las mismas. El comportamiento de estos sistemas fue evaluado con respecto a su capacidad para satisfacer 12 objetivos tecnicos y 5 socioeconomicos, asi como su impacto ambiental. Un sistema hibrido a base de celdas fotovoltaicas, generador a diesel o gasolina y generador eolico, creemos que es la opcion recomendada para este tipo de comunidades.

  10. Options for rural electrification in Mexico; Opcion para la electrificacion de pequenas comunidades rurales en Mexico

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gutierrez Vera, Jorge [Luz y Fuerza del Centro, S. A., Mexico, D. F. (Mexico)

    1993-12-31

    The paper summarizes the results obtained in the study carried out in communities of the Hidalgo State, localized in remote and of difficult access sites. In the study 19 different options, which are technically and economically feasible, from the stand point of commercialization and electrification of the same. The performance of these systems was evaluated with respect to their capability to satisfy 12 technical goals and 5 social-economical, as well as their environmental impact. An hybrid system based on photovoltaic cells, diesel or gasoline generator and a wind-power generator, we think is the recommended option for this type of communities. [Espanol] Este trabajo sintetiza los resultados de un estudio llevado a cabo en comunidades del estado de Hidalgo, localizadas en lugares remotos y de dificil acceso. En el estudio se analizaron 19 diferentes opciones que son factibles tecnica y comercialmente hablando para la electrificacion de las mismas. El comportamiento de estos sistemas fue evaluado con respecto a su capacidad para satisfacer 12 objetivos tecnicos y 5 socioeconomicos, asi como su impacto ambiental. Un sistema hibrido a base de celdas fotovoltaicas, generador a diesel o gasolina y generador eolico, creemos que es la opcion recomendada para este tipo de comunidades.

  11. The Spanish Wind Energy Market. Balance and Outlooks; El Mercado Eolico Espanol. Balance y Perspectivas

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Varela, M [CIEMAT. Madrid (Spain)

    1999-06-01

    The present work accomplishes a revision to the situation of the wind market in Spain, its recent evolution, its regional distribution, the principal actors of the market (manufacturers, promoters). The balance includes a review of the programs of institutional support to wind energy, an analysis of the current installation costs and electricity production costs. Finally, other variables related the integration of wind energy are analysed, as the potential of employment generation or the associated environmental factors. (Author) 5 refs.

  12. Sistemas Eolicos Pequenos para Generacion de Electricidad; Una guia para consumidores en los EE.UU.

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    2007-09-01

    This Spanish version of the popular Small Wind Electric Systems: A U.S. Consumer's Guide provides consumers with information to help them determine whether a small wind electric system can provide all or a portion of the energy they need for their home or business based on their wind resource, energy needs, and economics. Topics include how to make a home more energy efficient, how to choose the correct turbine size, the parts of a wind electric system, how to determine whether enough wind resource exists, how to choose the best site for a turbine, how to connect a system to the utility grid, and whether it's possible to become independent of the utility grid using wind energy. In addition, the cover of the guide contains a list of contacts for more information.

  13. Electricity market participation of wind farms: the success story of the Spanish pragmatism

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Rivier Abbad, Juan, E-mail: jrivier@iberdrola.e [Iberdrola Renovables, 28033 Madrid (Spain)

    2010-07-15

    In the last 10 years, more than 15 GW of wind power (Asociacion Empresarial Eolica (Spanish Wind Energy Association), Nota de prensa (Press release) 17 de enero de 2008. (http://www.aeeolica.org/doc/NP_080117_Espana_supera_los_15000_MW_eolicos.pdf)) have been installed in Spain, of which more than 3.5 GW in 2007. Furthermore, plans are to reach 20 GW by 2010 and there are expectations of an installed capacity exceeding 40 GW by 2020. This article will present the innovative solutions for technical and economical integration that allow to reach such high level wind penetration objectives (the system peaks at around 44 GW and is almost isolated). It will be described how the regulation has evolved from a pure Feed-in-Tariff to a market+premium option, where technical and economic integration has been a priority. Today, approximately 97% of installed wind capacity accesses the Spanish wholesale electricity market. Market integration has been crucial, sending the correct signals to participants to look for the optimum technical solutions. Technical improvements have come from both wind power producers (fault-ride-through capabilities, visibility and controllability of wind power, power production forecasting, reactive power control) and the system operator (specific control centre dedicated to Renewable Energy Sources (RES), new security analysis tools, gaining technical confidence of wind capabilities).

  14. Performance of spanish wind turbines. Year 1996; Estadisticas de produccion de parques eolicos en Espana. Ano 1996

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lago, C.

    1998-04-01

    In this document we can find a statistical evaluation for the wind energy generation from each spanish wind farm referred to 1996 going on with the work that has been carried since 1992, by initiative of the Wind Energy Division from Renewable Energy Institute. The purpose of this work is to contribute with interesting information for the wind environment and offer a global view from monthly performance of different wind farms. (Author) 4 refs.

  15. Performance of spanish wind turbines. Year 1995; Estadisticas de produccion de parques eolicos en Espana. Ano 1995

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lago, C.

    1997-06-01

    In this document we can find a statistical evaluation for the wind energy generation from each spanish wind farm referred to 1995 going on with the work that has been carried out since 1992, by initiative of the Wind Energy Division from Renewable Energy Institute. The purpose of this work is to contribute with interesting information for the wind environment and offer a global view from monthly performances of different wind farms. (Author)

  16. SYM1, l’ortologo di lievito del gene umano MPV17, codifica per una proteina indotta da stress che modula lo stato bioenergetico e morfogenetico del mitocondrio

    OpenAIRE

    Dallabona, Cristina

    2010-01-01

    Mutazioni nel gene MPV17 causano l’insorgenza di una forma epatocerebrale della sindrome da deplezione del DNA mitocondriale. MPV17 codifica per una piccola proteina idrofobica localizzata nella membrana mitocondriale interna con funzione sconosciuta. Per cercare di chiarire le basi molecolari che causano la patologia, abbiamo utilizzato il lievito S. cerevisiae come organismo modello grazie alla presenza di un ortologo di MPV17: SYM1. Abbiamo dimostrato che la proteina Sym1 è essenziale per ...

  17. Wind power system for Sao Gabriel, Irece region, Bahia-Brazil; Sistema eolico de Sao Gabriel, regiao de Irece-Bahia

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bruni, Carlos D' Alexandria [Centro Federal de Educacao Tecnologica da Bahia (CEFET-BA), Salvador, BA (Brazil)], e-mail: carlosbruni@cefetba.br; Camelier, Luiz Alberto A. [Companhia de Engenharia Rural da Bahia, Salvador, BA (Brazil)], e-mail: lcamelier@ig.com.br

    2004-07-01

    An electric power plant supplied by a wind-generator is the solution for supply drink water on a small community on Sao Gabriel, Irece - Bahia -Brazil. On behalf of the feasibility a wind power system is described in detail concerning it's technical specifications, it's operation, constraints and it's energy demand. Furthermore wind power system supply is described in detail. Simulations is shows how the system is designed to guarantee a reliability in pumping of drinking water powered by wind power system and it's expansion in the future. (author)

  18. Renewable energy at high altitudes; Energia rinnovabile in alta quota

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Beltramo, R.; Cuzzolin, B. [Turin Univ., Turin (Italy). Dipt. di Scienze Merceologiche

    2000-12-01

    Improving environmental performance by paying greater attention to the environment factor is becoming the prime objective of many companies and organizations in general. But not theirs alone. Even the tourism sector is making a number of efforts in this direction. This is the case, for example, of the Regina Margherita Refuge located on Point Gnifetti on the Monte Rosa massif, where a research project called CRESTA was conducted. This was a study on the feasibility of meeting the refuge's energy sources, that is, by using a photovoltaic or hybrid (wind-based and photovoltaic) energy production system. A plant thus able to exploit the landscape and meteorological characteristics typical of a mountain refuge, saving money and reducing the pollution load. [Italian] Migliorare le proprie performance ambientali prestando maggiore attenzione al fattore ambiente sta diventando il principale obiettivo di molte aziende e organizzazioni in generale. Ma non solo. Anche nel settore del turismo si stanno compiendo numerosi sforzi in questo senso. E' il caso, ad esempio, del Rifugio Regina Margherita, situato sulla punta Gnifetti nel massiccio del Monte Rosa, presso il quale e' stato condotto un progetto di ricerca denominato CRESTA. Si tratta delle realizzazione di uno studio sulla possibilita' di soddisfare il fabbisogno energetico del rifugio attraverso l'utilizzo di fonti energetiche rinnovabili, ossia grazie all'impiego di un sistema di produzione energetica fotovoltaico o ibrido (eolico o fotovoltaico). Un impianto, quindi, in grado di sfruttare le caratteristiche paesaggistiche e meteorologiche tipiche di un rifugio di montagna, con un risparmio dei costi e una riduzione del carico inquinante.

  19. Wind Power adapted to load hollow in the Canary Islands; Adaptacion de Eolicos a huecos de tension en Canarias-2015

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Rodriguez Velazquez, A.

    2008-07-01

    This article is intended to analyse and point out the benefits that could be reached for the Canary Islands electrical systems in relation to wind technology adaptation (actual and future) to the voltage hollow, as required by the Canary Islands Government Directive 1541, dated November 15th 2006. This subject is of vital importance due to the increasing volume of wind power plants foreseen in the Energy Plan for the Canary Islands 2006 (PECAN), who will turn the Canary Islands into a pilot system in relation to wind power integration within an isolated system. (Author)

  20. Wind power, a clean energy alternative; El viento, una alternativa energetica limpia

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Cadenas Tovar, Roberto [Comision Federal de Electricidad, La Venta (Mexico)

    1994-12-31

    That a new energy source, renewable and environmentally benign is incorporated into our electric networks, is something really significative. What better contribution for the rational use of the conventional energy sources than substituting an important part of its share for a source of the stated characteristics. The wind is a resource that Nature offers US for free, whose energy can be transformed into electricity utilizing conversion technologies that have reached maturity and are currently available in the marketplace. This document presents the characteristics of the aeolian resource in the Tehuantepec Isthmus region. A description is made of the first pilot project in our country built by Comision Federal de Electricidad at La Venta, Oaxaca. The reasoning that support the development of the projects at a greater scale and investment and production costs are exhibited for the above mentioned project. [Espanol] Que una nueva fuente de energia, renovable y ambientalmente benigna se incorpore a nuestras redes electricas, es algo verdaderamente significativo. Que mejor contribucion para el uso racional de los energeticos convencionales que substituir una parte importante de su aportacion con una fuente de las caracteristicas mencionadas. El viento es un recurso que nos brinda la naturaleza en forma gratuita, cuya energia puede transformarse en electricidad utilizando tecnologias de conversion que han alcanzado madurez y que actualmente se encuentran disponibles en el mercado. En este documento se presentan las caracteristicas del recurso eolico en la region del Istmo de Tehuantepec, se hace una descripcion del primer proyecto piloto de nuestro pais, construido por la Comision Federal de Electricidad en La Venta, Oaxaca, se exponen los argumentos que apoyan al desarrollo de proyectos en mayor escala y se exhiben los costos de inversion y produccion para el proyecto mencionado.

  1. Evaluating wind power potential in the Spanish Antarctic Base (BAE); Evaluacion del Potencial Eolico en la Base Antartica Espanola Juan Carlos I

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Arribas de Paz, L. M.; Garcia Barquero, C.; Navarro Montesinos, J.; Cuerva Tejero, A.; Cruz Cruz, I.; Roque Lopez, V.; Marti Perez, I. [Ciemat. Madrid (Spain)

    2000-07-01

    The objective of the work is to model wind field in the surroundings of the Spanish Antarctic Base (BAE in the following). The need of such a work comes from the necessity of an energy source able to supply the energy demand in the BAE during the Antarctic winter. When the BAE is in operation (in the Antarctic summer) the energy supply comes from a diesel engine. In the Antartic winter the base is closed, but the demand of energy supply is growing up every year because of the increase in the number of technical and scientific machines that remain in the BAE taking different measurements. For this purpose the top of a closed hill called Pico Radio, not perturbed by close obstacles, has been chosen as the better site for the measurements. The measurement station is made up with a sonic an-emometer and a small wind generator to supply the energy needed by the sensors head heating of the anemometer. this way, it will be also used as a proof for the suitability of a wind generator in the new chosen site, under those special climactic conditions. (Author) 3 refs.

  2. EERA-DTOC Project: Design Tools for Offshore Wind Farm Clusters; Proyecto EERA-DTOC: herramientas para el diseno de clusters de Parques Eolicos Marinos

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Palomares, A. M.

    2015-07-01

    In the EERA-DTOC Project an integrated and validated software design tool for the optimization of offshore wind farms and wind farm clusters has been developed. The CIEMAT contribution to this project has change the view on mesoscale wind forecasting models, which were not so far considered capable of modeling wind farm scale phenomena. It has been shown the ability of the WRF model to simulate the wakes caused by the wind turbines on the downwind ones (inter-turbine wakes within a wind farm) as well as the wakes between wind farms within a cluster. (Author)

  3. Efficiency of small wind generator powered water pumping systems; Rendimento de unidade de bombeamento de agua acionada por gerador eolico de pequeno porte

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ferreira, Mendeleyev Guerreiro; Carvalho, Paulo Cesar Marques de; Costa, Levy Ferreira [Universidade Federal do Ceara (UFC), Fortaleza, CE (Brazil). Dept. de Engenharia Eletrica; Borges Neto, Manuel Rangel [Centro Federal de Educacao Tecnologica de Petrolina (CEFET), PE (Brazil)

    2008-07-01

    The present paper aims to evaluate the efficiency of a small wind generator powered water pumping system; the generator is a permanent magnet generator of 1 kw of axial flow, using three fiber glass blades with 2.46 m diameter. The used centrifugal pump is connected to a 0.5 c v motor, three-phase, frequency of 60 Hz, rotational speed of 3450 rpm. For the efficiency evaluation a shell anemometer, a flow and pressure sensor were used, connected to a data logger to the collection and storage of the data. An energy analyzer was also used to collect the current, voltage and power generated from the wind generator. (author)

  4. Solar and wind systems utilization in water pumping for irrigation; Utilizacao de sistemas solar e eolico no bombeamento de agua para uso na irrigacao

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Nogueira, Cicero Urbanetto

    2009-07-01

    In this work, it was made an applied research in two stations, the first one located at Canabarro locality and the second one at Polytechnic School at UFSM, in Santa Maria city, RS, with wind and photovoltaic equipment for pumping water. These ones are used for fruit trees irrigation in irrigation systems of low pressure. The research work was developed from September 2007 to August 2009, when the results showed the viability of wind and photovoltaic equipment for utilization in the complementary irrigation in fruit cultures such as guava, fig and grape trees. In the fruit culture sector, are installed: one multivane fans wind indicator one savonius wind indicator and respective pumps as well as pump set and a photovoltaic board. With the photovoltaic system, the pumped volume was about 5000 m{sup 3}/ha and, with the wind system, the pumped volume was approximately 6m{sup 3}/ha. The wind groups demonstrated low efficiency, if compared to photovoltaic systems, which showed more efficient. (author)

  5. Generation of electric power through wind-diesel hybrid system for a hospital; Geracao de energia eletrica atraves de sistema hibrido diesel-eolico para um hospital

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Almeida, Silvio Carlos Anibal de; Freire, Raphael Lopes [Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (DEM/UFRJ), RJ (Brazil). Dept. de Engenharia Mecanica], e-mail: silvioa@gmail.com, e-mail: raphaellfreire@gmail.com

    2008-07-01

    This paper presents a wind-diesel hybrid power simulation using the software Homer. The model is applied to the case study of Hospital das Clinicas da UNICAMP Analysis of several alternative energy facilities like wind, photovoltaic (PV), and connection of the isolated system with the grid is done. The costs used in the simulation indicated that the best results were obtained with the wind-diesel system. The payback period for the investment in the system is 8 years. (author)

  6. Probabilistic distributions of wind velocity for the evaluation of the wind power potential; Distribuicoes probabilisticas de velocidades do vento para avaliacao do potencial energetico eolico

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Vendramini, Elisa Zanuncio

    1986-10-01

    The theoretical model of wind speed distributions allow valuable information about the probability of events relative to the variable in study eliminating the necessity of a new experiment. The most used distributions has been the Weibull and the Rayleigh. These distributions are examined in the present investigation, as well as the exponential, gamma, chi square and lognormal distributions. Three years of hourly averages wind data recorded from a anemometer setting at the city of Ataliba Leonel, Sao Paulo State, Brazil, were used. Using wind speed distribution the theoretical relative frequency was calculated from the distributions which have been examined. Results from the Kolmogorov - Smirnov test allow to conclude that the lognormal distribution fit better the wind speed data, followed by the gamma and Rayleigh distributions. Using the lognormal probability density function the yearly energy output from a wind generator installed in the side was calculated. 30 refs, 4 figs, 14 tabs

  7. Operation of the matrix converter as energy sources link of variable voltage; Operacion del convertidor matricial como enlace de fuentes de energia de voltaje variable

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lozano-Garcia, J. M; Hernandez-Figueroa, M. A; Estrada Garcia, H. J; Martinez-Patino, J [Universidad de Guanajuato, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Salamanca, Guanajuato (Mexico)]. E-mails: jm.lozano@ugto.mx; mahf@ugto.mx; hestrada@ugto.mx; jesusmp23@ugto.mx

    2013-03-15

    Renewable energy technologies, as wind turbines, have had a remarkable penetration in power systems worldwide, causing that actual power grids became dependent and vulnerable to the variability of the energy generated by this type of resource. In that sense, power converters provide a crucial function in the performance of the overall electrical system when they are used as links between this type of generators and the power system. In this paper, a matrix converter is proposed as link device, to cope with distorted and variable voltages as the ones found in wind turbines operation where generated voltages are directly dependent on wind's speed. An analysis of its main functional characteristics when it operates subject to distorted input-voltage condition, in order to synthesize a set of output voltages with constant magnitude and frequency and without harmonic distortion, is presented. Numerical simulations and experimental results from a laboratory-scale prototype are presented to validate the converter performance. [Spanish] La gran penetracion que ha tenido la generacion de energia mediante recursos renovables, como los generadores eolicos, en el mercado energetico, han ocasionado que las redes electricas sean mas dependientes y vulnerables a la variabilidad de la energia que se genera con este tipo de recursos. En ese sentido, los convertidores de potencia utilizados como enlace entre este tipo de generadores y el sistema electrico son determinantes en el comportamiento final que se tendra en el sistema electrico. En el presente trabajo se propone la utilizacion del convertidor matricial como dispositivo de enlace y se analizan sus caracteristicas operativas en casos donde se requiere la generacion de senales de voltaje sinusoidales y con valores constantes tanto en magnitud como en frecuencia a partir de senales variables, situacion que se presenta comunmente en los aerogeneradores donde el voltaje generado depende directamente de la velocidad del

  8. Training resources in renewable energy: study and evaluation; Recursos de capacitacion en energia renovable: estudio y evaluacion

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    De Buen Rodriguez, Odon [Energia, Tecnologia y Educacion, S.C., ENTE, S.C. (Mexico)

    2010-07-01

    The report herein describes the results of an evaluation process carried out to identify, document and analyze teaching and training capacities in the field of renewable energy for those who participate in the development, acquisition, installation, inspection and operation and maintenance of small- and large-scale wind, photovoltaic and solar water heating systems in North America. The document is divided into four sections. Chapter 1 presents the results of the evaluation process, expressed according to different parameters, as well as some of the significant findings. Chapter 2 responds to several questions related to difficulties, challenges, opportunities for improvement and recommendations, with a trilateral perspective. Chapter 3 evaluates the three technologies that are the focus of this study: photovoltaic, wind and solar heat. Chapter 4 describes the knowledge needed by those who professionally work in activities related to the three technologies mentioned, as well as their institutional context. The list of courses identified through this evaluation process are available on the CCA website, at www.cec.org/cursosenergia. [Spanish] El presente informe describe los resultados de un proceso de evaluacion llevado a cabo para identificar, documentar y analizar las capacidades en materia de ensenanza y capacitacion en energia renovable de quienes participan en la elaboracion, adquisicion, instalacion, inspeccion y operacion y mantenimiento de sistemas eolicos, fotovoltaicos y de calentamiento solar de agua -tanto pequenos como de gran escala-, en America del Norte. El documento se divide en cuatro partes. El capitulo 1 presenta los resultados del proceso de evaluacion, expresandolos en funcion de diferentes parametros, asi como ciertos hallazgos importantes. El capitulo 2 responde a diversas preguntas relativas a las dificultades, retos, oportunidades de mejoramiento y recomendaciones, con una perspectiva trilateral. El capitulo 3 evalua las tres tecnologias

  9. First document of the eoloelectric project of the wind corridor of the Tehuantepec Isthmus; Primer documento del proyecto eoloelectrico del corredor eolico del Istmo de Tehuantepec

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Borja Diaz, Marco A.; Jaramillo Salgado, Oscar A.; Mimiaga Sosa, Fernando [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca, Mor. (Mexico)

    2005-07-01

    This document makes evident that now the political will exists to inspire the eoloelectric development in Mexico, and that a wide range of actors of the public and private sector, both national and international. These sectors are willing to support all the actions that lead to achieve that the eoloelectric generation will be one of the most productive industries of the country in the context of the power diversification for the sustainable development. Therefore, the main challenge is to formulate and to carry out a plan of actions to achieve strategic goals in the short, medium and long term, so that, gradually is possible to take advantage of all the benefits that the eoloelectric generation in its diverse niches of opportunity offers. In this book, the strategies of the main eoloelectric markets, the power policy, and the eoloelectric development in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec in the last 10 years are described. [Spanish] Este documento hace evidente que ahora existe la voluntad politica para impulsar el desarrollo eoloelectrico en Mexico y que una amplia gama de actores del sector publico y privado tanto nacional como internacional, estan dispuestos a apoyar todas las acciones que conduzcan a lograr que la generacion eoloelectrica sea una de las industrias mas productivas del pais en el contexto de la diversificacion energetica para el desarrollo sustentable. Por consiguiente, el reto principal es formular y llevar a cabo un plan de acciones para lograr metas estrategicas en el corto, mediano y largo plazo, de tal forma que, de manera gradual sea posible aprovechar todos los beneficios que ofrece la generacion eoloelectrica en sus diversos nichos de oportunidad. En este libro se describen las estrategias de los principales mercados eoloelectricos, la politica energetica, y el desarrollo eoloelectrico en el Istmo de Tehuantepec en los ultimos 10 anos.

  10. Methodology to optimize the cost of deployment of a wind-solar hybrid system; Metodologia para otimizar o custo da implantacao de um sistema hibrido eolico-solar

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Nogueira, Jose Wilson Lage [Universidade Federal do Rio Grande Norte (UERN), Natal, RN (Brazil). Dept. de Engenharia Mecanica], e-mail: wilson@ufrnet.br; Rocha, Brismark Goes da [Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Patu, RN (Brazil). Dept. de Matematica], e-mail: brismarkrocha@uern.br

    2008-07-01

    Purposes the application of a methodology to optimize the implantation cost of an wind-solar hybrid system, to potencies between 2.250 W and 3.750 W. The developed mathematical model was obtained through the Multiple Linear Regression technique, on the basis of the previous knowledge of variables: necessary capacity of storage, total daily energy demand, wind power, module power and module number. These variables are gotten by means of sizing. Parametric statistical: T-student tests had been used to detect the significant difference in the average of total cost to being considered the diameter of the wind. Parametric statistical T-student tests had been used to detect the significant difference in the average of total cost to being considered the diameter of the wind, F-Snedecor in the variance analysis to test if the coefficients of the considered model are significantly different of zero and test not-parametric statistical by Friedman, to verify if there is difference in the total cost, by being considered the photovoltaic module powers. In decision of hypothesis tests was considered a 5%-significant level. The configurations module powers showed significant differences in total cost of investment by considering an electrical motor of 3 HP. The configurations module powers showed significant differences in total cost of investment by considering an electrical motor of 5 HP only to wind speed of 4 m/s and 6 m/s in wind of 3 m, 4 m and 5 m of diameter. There was not significant difference in costs to diameters of winds of 3 m and 4 m. A computational program was developed to assist the study of several configurations that optimizes the implantation cost of an wind-solar through considered mathematical model. (author)

  11. Incorporation of a wind generator model into a dynamic power flow analysis; Incorporacion de un modelo de generador eolico al analisis de flujos dinamicos de potencia

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Angeles Camacho, C.; Banuelos Ruedas, F. [Instituto de Ingenieria, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (Mexico)]. E-mail: cangelesc@iingen.unam.mx; fbanuelosr@iingen.unam.mx

    2011-07-15

    Wind energy is nowadays one of the most cost-effective and practical options for electric generation from renewable resources. However, increased penetration of wind generation causes the power networks to be more depend on, and vulnerable to, the varying wind speed. Modeling is a tool which can provide valuable information about the interaction between wind farms and the power network to which they are connected. This paper develops a realistic characterization of a wind generator. The wind generator model is incorporated into an algorithm to investigate its contribution to the stability of the power network in the time domain. The tool obtained is termed dynamic power flow. The wind generator model takes on account the wind speed and the reactive power consumption by induction generators. Dynamic power flow analysis is carried-out using real wind data at 10-minute time intervals collected for one meteorological station. The generation injected at one point into the network provides active power locally and is found to reduce global power losses. However, the power supplied is time-varying and causes fluctuations in voltage magnitude and power flows in transmission lines. [Spanish] La energia eolica es hoy en dia una de las opciones mas efectivas y practicas para la generacion de electricidad a partir de energias renovables. Sin embargo, el incremento de la penetracion de energia eolica provoca que los sistemas de potencia se vuelvan mas dependientes y vulnerables a las variaciones de la velocidad del viento. El modelado es una herramienta que provee informacion valiosa de la interaccion dinamica entre las turbinas eolicas y las redes de potencia a las que se conectan. El presente articulo desarrolla una caracterizacion realista de un modelo de la turbina eolica. El modelo de la turbina eolica se incorpora a un algoritmo para el analisis de su contribucion a la estabilidad de una red electrica en el dominio del tiempo. La herramienta obtenida se conoce como flujos dinamicos de potencia. El modelo de la turbina toma en cuenta las velocidades del viento y la potencia reactiva consumida por el generador de induccion. El analisis de los flujos dinamicos de potencia que se presenta aqui, se realiza en funcion de los datos reales de la velocidad del viento recolectados en una estacion de monitoreo del estado de Zacatecas en intervalos de 10 minutos. La generacion inyectada en una parte de la red proporciona potencia localmente, reduciendo las perdidas globales del sistema. Sin embargo, la variacion de la potencia entregada por la central eolica causa fluctuaciones de la magnitud de voltaje y de los flujos de potencia en las lineas de transmision.

  12. Characterization of the wind behavior in Botucatu-SP region (Brazil) by Weibull distributing; Caracterizacao do comportamento eolico da regiao de Botucatu-SP atraves da distribuicao de Weibull

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gabriel Filho, Luis Roberto Almeida [Universidade Estadual Paulista (CE/UNESP), Tupa, SP (Brazil). Coordenacao de Estagio; Cremasco, Camila Pires [Faculdade de Tecnologia de Presidente Prudente, SP (Brazil); Seraphim, Odivaldo Jose [Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCA/UNESP), Botucatu, SP (Brazil). Fac. de Ciencias Agronomicas; Cagnon, Jose Angelo [Universidade Estadual Paulista (FEB/UNESP), Bauru, SP (Brazil). Faculdade de Engenharia

    2008-07-01

    The wind behavior of a region can be described by frequency distribution that provide information and characteristics needed for a possible deployment of wind energy harvesting in the region. These characteristics, such as the annual average speed, the variance and shunting line standard of the registered speeds and the density of aeolian power average hourly, can be gotten by the frequency of occurrence of determined speed, that in turn must be studied through analytical expressions. The more adjusted analytical function for aeolian distributions is the function of density of Weibull, that can be determined by numerical methods and linear regressions. Once you have determined this function, all wind characteristics mentioned above may be determined accurately. The objective of this work is to characterize the aeolian behavior in the region of Botucatu-SP and to determine the energy potential for implementation of aeolian turbines. For the development of the present research, was used an Monitorial Young Wind anemometer of Campbell company installed a 10 meters of height. The experiment was developed in the Nucleus of Alternative Energies and Renewed - NEAR of the Laboratory of Agricultural Energize of the Department of Agricultural Engineering of the UNESP, Agronomy Sciences Faculty, Lageado Experimental Farm, located in the city of Botucatu - SP. The geographic localization is defined by the coordinates 22 deg 51' South latitude (S) and 48 deg 26' Longitude West (W) and average altitude of 786 meters above sea level. The analysis was carried through using registers of speed of the wind during the period of September of 2004 the September of 2005. After determined the distribution of frequencies of the hourly average speed of the wind, it was determined function of associated Weibull, thus making possible the determination of the annual average speed of the wind (2,77 m/s), of the shunting line standard of the registered speeds (0,55 m/s), of the coefficient of variation (20%) and of the density of aeolian power average hourly (24,58 W/m{sup 2}). (author)

  13. Focus of the ECEL systems in rural environment: rational advantage of resources; Un enfoque de los sistemas eolicos en el medio rural :el aprovechamiento racional del recurso

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Vinas, R

    1994-07-01

    Although the eolic resource is distributed in our country, its effective use goes by a serious technical and economic evaluation that takes to the correct design and operation of the generating system. Different use alternatives are explored in this work relating them to the analysis of the resource carried out in the Uruguay.

  14. Dimensioning of a photovoltaic-wind hybrid system in UFRJ campus of the Ilha do Fundao; Dimensionamento de um sistema hibrido eolico-fotovoltaico na UFRJ Campus Ilha do Fundao

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Almeida, Silvio Carlos Anibal de [Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (DEM/UFRJ), RJ (Brazil). Dept. de Engenharia Mecanica], e-mail: silvioa@gmail.com; Santos, Rodrigo Zimmer de Abreu; Argolo, Felipe Henrique Bohm; Danziger, Fernando Artur Ragoni; Sollero, Luiz Paulo Vervloet; Castro, Marcial Pereira Saboya de [Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (DEM/UFRJ), RJ (Brazil). Dept. de Engenharia Industrial], e-mail: rodzimmer@gmail.com, e-mail: felipeargolo@yahoo.com.br, e-mail: ragonziger@gmail.com, e-mail: lpsollero@gmail.com, e-mail: marcial.saboya@gmail.com

    2008-07-01

    A techno-economic analysis of a grid connected photovoltaic-wind hybrid energy system is done in the present paper. The set-up consists of photovoltaic solar-cell arrays, wind generators, a lead acid storage batteries and an inverter unit to convert DC power to AC power. The study has been performed with the simulation tool HOMER (Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable) developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) for techno-economical feasibility studies of hybrid systems. The system is connected to the electrical grid in order to supply all the electrical energy demand of the Technological Centre of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Many systems configurations have been considered and it was possible to simulate the hourly operation of each system and to calculate technical, economic and environmental performance parameters. The best configuration is a Fuhrlander 30 wind generator, associated to a photovoltaic system to reach the generation of 96% of the energy demand by means of renewable sources. (author)

  15. Feasibility of implementation of an autonomous hybrid system for PEM fuel cells to electrify localities in rural Cuba; Factibilidad de implementacion de un sistema hibrido autonomo con celda de combustible PEM para electrificar localidades rurales en Cuba

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sanchez Torres, Yamir [Centro de Estudios de Tecnologias Energeticas Renovables (CETER), Ciudad de la Habana (Cuba)] e-mail: yamir@ceter.cujae.edu.cu

    2009-09-15

    a la electrificacion de zonas rurales alejadas de la red electrica nacional en Cuba. Se calculo la demanda electrica de la zona y el potencial energetico disponible, luego, mediante el uso de los programas informaticos de modelacion y simulacion, HOMER, PVSYST y Matlab 1,2,3, se determino la variabilidad del potencial eolico y fotovoltaico con las horas del dia y las estaciones climaticas a lo largo de un ano, asi como su efecto en la produccion de hidrogeno y electricidad. Se comprobo que incluso para los mas adversos escenarios se cumple con la demanda energetica necesaria. En el trabajo se ofrece detalladamente el comportamiento del sistema y se evidencia la no afectacion del entorno siendo posible la electrificacion y bienestar de los pobladores de la localidad.

  16. A model record of technologies for use in a compatible projects for environmental licensing of wind farms; Um modelo de registro das tecnologias para uso na compatibilizacao de projetos para licenciamento ambiental de parques eolicos

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Tavares Junior, Wandemberg; Oliveira, Lucia Maria Barbosa [Universidade de Fortaleza (UNIFOR), CE (Brazil)

    2008-07-01

    This article presents the development of a model for survey and registration of technologies that can be inserted in the process of reconciliation of the subjects of the project for environmental licensing of wind farms. It was used a basis for the theoretical model of the Simultaneous Engineering and Failure Mode and Effect Analysis - FMEA. Given the importance that the wind has for the pursuit of sustainable development, this work had as its main objective to contribute to the reduction of negative indices, proposing improvements to the process of project for environmental licensing of wind farms. (author)

  17. Study on the viability for the implantation of a hydrogen-solar-aeolian system for the state of Ceara, Brazil; Estudo de viabilidade para implantacao de um sistema a hidrogenio-solar-eolico para o estado do Ceara, Brazil

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sales, A.D.; Sacramento, E.M. do; Lima, L.C. de [Universidade Estadual do Ceara (UECE), Fortaleza, CE (Brazil)

    2008-07-01

    The state of the Ceara imports most of its consumed energy, configuring itself as a region eminently energy importer. However, the manufacture of its wind power Atlas demonstrated a high potential for the generation of electric energy originated from this renewable source. It is known, also, through studies, that this state possesses high potential for the exploitation of solar energy also for the generation of electric energy. A clean option to obtain hydrogen is the utilization of such renewable sources. This work presents results of the application of a model of solar-wind hydrogen energy for the Ceara state and variables such as population, gross intern product, energetic demand, energy imports, fossil fuel and hydrogen prices, income from hydrogen sale, and others parameters. The hydrogen will be produced from the sea water desalinisation, using solar and wind energies. The produced hydrogen eventually will be introduced in Ceara State through three scenarios which are one of, fast introduction, other of slow introduction and other of no introduction of hydrogen. (author)

  18. Performance of a small stand alone photovoltaic-wind system at El Oyameyo D.F., Mexico

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sanchez Juarez, A.; Campos, J. [Centro de Investigacion en Energia, UNAM, Mexico, D. F. (Mexico); Tiburcio Silver, A. [Instituto Tecnologico de Toluca-Division de Posgrado, Toluca (Mexico)

    1997-12-31

    El Oyameyo, is an ecological site located to the South-West of the Topilejo town, D.F., 19 degree 25` North latitude, 99 degree 5` West longitude and at an altitude of 3100 m. At present, there are 10 families living at this place. They have energy generators to produce their own electricity by means of solar or wind energy using photovoltaic (PV) technology and eolic systems, respectively. There are three different configurations of energy generators: DC regulated PV systems, AC regulated PV systems and one PV-Wind hybrid system. The electrical power installed for the stand alone PV systems are from 48 W-p up to 768 W-p range. Among these, there are 4 PV systems that are configurated in DC regulated systems, and other 6 are AC regulated systems. All these systems use lead-acid battery (scaled or vented) banks to store the energy produced daily by the systems. The PV-Wind hybrid system in formed, at present, by a 5.0 kW wind generator, a PV array of 768 W-p, a 37.8 kW-h storage battery bank and a 5.0 kW DC/AC inverter. In this work, we report the electricity generated, load pattern and overall system performance of the photovoltaic-wind hybrid system. The technical characteristics, energy test on the hybrid system and the experience obtained from energy handling and system maintenance for all the systems are presented. We found that all the systems had shown good performance and users` satisfaction. [Espanol] El Oyameyo es un lugar ecologico localizado al Sur-Oeste del pueblo de Topilejo, D. F., 19 grados 25` de latitud Norte 99 grados 5` de longitud Oeste y a una altitud de 3100m. Actualmente hay 10 familias viviendo en este lugar. Tienen generadores de energia para producir su propia electricidad mediante la energia solar y la del viento usando sistemas fotovoltaicos (FV) y sistemas eolicos, respectivamente. Hay tres diferentes configuraciones de generadores de energia: sistemas fotovoltaicos de CD regulados, sistemas fotovoltaicos de CA regulados y un sistema

  19. Performance of a small stand alone photovoltaic-wind system at El Oyameyo D.F., Mexico

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sanchez Juarez, A; Campos, J [Centro de Investigacion en Energia, UNAM, Mexico, D. F. (Mexico); Tiburcio Silver, A [Instituto Tecnologico de Toluca-Division de Posgrado, Toluca (Mexico)

    1998-12-31

    El Oyameyo, is an ecological site located to the South-West of the Topilejo town, D.F., 19 degree 25` North latitude, 99 degree 5` West longitude and at an altitude of 3100 m. At present, there are 10 families living at this place. They have energy generators to produce their own electricity by means of solar or wind energy using photovoltaic (PV) technology and eolic systems, respectively. There are three different configurations of energy generators: DC regulated PV systems, AC regulated PV systems and one PV-Wind hybrid system. The electrical power installed for the stand alone PV systems are from 48 W-p up to 768 W-p range. Among these, there are 4 PV systems that are configurated in DC regulated systems, and other 6 are AC regulated systems. All these systems use lead-acid battery (scaled or vented) banks to store the energy produced daily by the systems. The PV-Wind hybrid system in formed, at present, by a 5.0 kW wind generator, a PV array of 768 W-p, a 37.8 kW-h storage battery bank and a 5.0 kW DC/AC inverter. In this work, we report the electricity generated, load pattern and overall system performance of the photovoltaic-wind hybrid system. The technical characteristics, energy test on the hybrid system and the experience obtained from energy handling and system maintenance for all the systems are presented. We found that all the systems had shown good performance and users` satisfaction. [Espanol] El Oyameyo es un lugar ecologico localizado al Sur-Oeste del pueblo de Topilejo, D. F., 19 grados 25` de latitud Norte 99 grados 5` de longitud Oeste y a una altitud de 3100m. Actualmente hay 10 familias viviendo en este lugar. Tienen generadores de energia para producir su propia electricidad mediante la energia solar y la del viento usando sistemas fotovoltaicos (FV) y sistemas eolicos, respectivamente. Hay tres diferentes configuraciones de generadores de energia: sistemas fotovoltaicos de CD regulados, sistemas fotovoltaicos de CA regulados y un sistema

  20. Economic and financial analysis of hybrid solar-wind power generation system installed in a isolated community in Jalapao-Tocantins, Brazil; Analise economica-financeira do sistema de geracao de energia eletrica hibrido solar-eolico instalado em uma comunidade isolada no Jalapao-TO

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Santos, W.F.; Zukowski Junior, J.C.; Nobrega, S.L. de; Marcon, R.O. [Universidade Luterana do Brasil (CEULP/ULBRA), Palmas, TO (Brazil). Centro Universitario Luterano de Palmas. Curso de Engenharia Agricola], Emails: zukowski@uft.edu.br, olavo@ulbra-to.br, silvestre@ulbra-to.br

    2009-07-01

    With the increasing of energetic demand in several production sectors, the search for renewable energy sources which do not cause negative environmental impacts has become more and more relevant. Amongst all the important factors to decide for installing isolated generation systems as renewable sources or diesel and taking the distribution network to isolated communities, it should be considered the economic viability of those benefits. This study aimed to analyse the hybrid solar wind system installed in an isolated community, in Jalapao - TO. Three scenarios were analyzed: first of them, getting the capital back with MRI = 6% per year; second one, getting the capital back with MRI = 0; and third, without getting the investment back. In all the three cases, O and M costs were considered. The proceeds were calculated from the production at the communities workshop, in which the electricity was available. The results indicated that this technology is economically viable if the generated energy is used for production process. It also demonstrated that the third scenario is more interesting for the community, since the contribution per family is only 8% of its incomes. (author)

  1. Numerical modelling of the process of heat transference, of the convective flow induced and the power generated in a wind power station; Modelizacion numerica del proceso de transferencia de calor, del flujo convectivo inducido y de la potencia generada en una central eolico solar

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hurtado, F. J.; Kaiser, A. S.; Zamora, B.; Lucas, M.; Viedma, A.

    2008-07-01

    A thermodynamic analysis for solar chimney power plant has been carried out by numerical simulation. A numerical model has been developed using the general purpose code Fluent to study heat transfer and convective flow within the chimney power plant. The {kappa}-{epsilon} turbulence model has been employed. A heat transfer, mass flow and power production numerical analysis has been carried out on different hours during the day, assuming steady state conditions. The numeric values obtained are 10% different from experimental measures. Once model has been validated, a numeric study about flow within power plant, heat transfer and mass flow has been carry out, and the non-dimensional parameters obtained have been compared with studies about free convection. (Author)

  2. Methods of statistical analysis, dimensioning and determination of production of electric power for description of the scheme applied to wind in Botucatu/ SP region, Brazil; Metodos de analise estatistica, dimensionamento e determinacao da energia eletrica produtivel para descricao do regime eolico aplicados na regiao de Botocatu-SP

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gabriel Filho, Luis Roberto Almeida [Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (FCA/UNESP), Botucatu, SP (Brazil). Fac. de Ciencias Agronomicas], email: gabrielfilho@tupa.unesp.br; Cremasco, Camila P. [Faculdade de Tecnologia (FATEC), Presidente Prudente, SP (Brazil); Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Botucatu, SP (Brazil). Dept. de Bioestatistica; Verri, Juliano A. [Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (FCT/UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP (Brazil). Dept. de Matematica, Estatistica e Computacao; Viais Neto, Daniel dos S. [Faculdade de Tecnologia (FATEC), Presidente Prudente, SP (Brazil); Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (FCA/UNESP), Botucatu, SP (Brazil). Fac. de Ciencias Agronomicas; Seraphim, Odivaldo J. [Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (FCA/UNESP), Botucatu, SP (Brazil). Fac. de Ciencias Agronomicas. Dept. de Engenharia Rural

    2011-07-01

    The wind energy is an abundant source of renewable energy, clean and available almost everywhere. For its use, studies are needed to adequately describe its intensity for statistical methods and design for wind turbines. The objective is to structure the mathematical methods used to conduct a general description of the wind, to establish a description of the wind regime using the parameters described using the Weibull function and the analytical model of power from a wind turbine, as well as applications of these methods show. This work was developed at Rural Empowerment Lab of FCA/UNESP in Botucatu-SP. For the application of methods were utilized measurements of wind speed and direction, between 2004 and 2005, obtained by anemometer RM Young Wind Monitor-Campbell. As a result, they estimated the wind behavior and distribution of wind in the region, with 78 kWh of energy production, relatively low potential to supply a small house. Moreover, this energy could possibly be applied in ambient illumination, power supply for electric fences and irrigation of vegetables. (author)

  3. Preliminary analysis for implementation of a hybrid solar-wind system with storage of electrical energy generated through electrolytic hydrogen and fuel cells; Analise preliminar para implementacao de um sistema hibrido solar-eolico com armazenamento da energia eletrica gerada atraves de hidrogenio eletrolitico e celula a combustivel

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lopes, Daniel Gabriel; Furlan, Andre Luis; Lopes, Davi Gabriel [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (FEM/UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Fac. de Engenharia Mecanica], e-mail: danielg@fem.unicamp.br; Silva, Ennio Peres; Apolinario, Fernando Resende [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (IFGW/UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Inst. de Fisica Gleb Wataghin. Lab. de Hidrogenio; Silva, Maria Eugenia Vieira da; Rocha, Paulo Alexandre Costa [Universidade Federal do Ceara (UFC), Fortaleza, CE (Brazil). Dept. de Engenharia Mecanica e de Producao; Codeceira Neto, Alcides [Companhia Hidro Eletrica do Sao Francisco (CHESF), Recife, PE (Brazil)

    2008-07-01

    Due to relevance of the study and applicability of hybrid electric power generation from solar photovoltaic and wind power in Brazil, the present paper aims to introduce briefly the importance of technical and economic comparison of two electrical energy storage technologies (batteries versus H2 + fuel cell) and also to indicate the previous difficulties related to this possible application. In this context, it was intended a partnership between State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, the Federal University of Ceara - UFC and Hydro Electric Company of the Sao Francisco - CHESF in the meaning of makes viable an implementation. (author)

  4. Development of a controller based on Fuzzy theory to better use the energy of a hybrid system power generation solar-photovoltaic and wind; Desenvolvimento de um controlador baseado na teoria Fuzzy para melhor aproveitamento da energia de um sistema hibrido de geracao de energia solar-fotovoltaico e eolico

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Caneppele, Fernando de Lima [Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Itapeva, SP (Brazil). Campus Experimental], E-mail: fernando@itapeva.unesp.br; Seraphim, Odivaldo Jose [Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCA/UNESP), Botucatu, SP (Brazil). Fac. de Ciencias Agronomicas. Dept. de Engenharia Rural; Gabriel Filho, Luis Roberto de Almeida [Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Tupa, SP (Brazil). Campus Experimental

    2010-07-01

    The work developed a methodology fuzzy and simulated its use in control of a hybrid system of electric power generation, using solar-photovoltaic and wind energy. Using this control system, we get the point of maximum energy generation and transfer all the energy generated from alternative sources, solar-photovoltaic and wind energy to charge and / or batteries. The model uses three input variables, which are: wind (wind speed), sun (solar radiation) and batteries (charge the battery bank). With these variables, the fuzzy system will play, according to the rules to be described, what is the source of power supply system, which will have priority and how the batteries are loaded. For the simulations regarding the use of fuzzy theory to control, we used the scientific computing environment MATLAB. In this environment have been analyzed and simulated all mathematical modeling, rules and other variables described in the fuzzy system. This model can be applied to implement a control system of hybrid power generation, providing the best use of renewable energy, solar and wind, so that we can extract the maximum possible energy of these alternative sources without compromising the environment. (author)

  5. Analysis of economic viability in a hybrid solar-wind system in the generation of electrical energy to an Maroon isolated community of Jalapao - TO, Brazil; Analise da viabilidade economica em um sistema hibrido solar-eolico na geracao de energia eletrica para uma comunidade isolada e quilombola do Jalapao - TO

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Santos, Weder Ferreira dos; Zukowski Junior, Joel Carlos; Nobrega, Silvestre Lopes da; Marcon, Rogerio Olavo [Universidade Luterana do Brasil (CEULP/ULBRA), Palmas, TO (Brazil). Centro Universitario Luterano

    2008-07-01

    With the increasing of energetic demand in several production sectors, the search for renewable energy sources which do not cause negative environmental impacts has become more and more relevant. Amongst all the important factors to decide for installing isolated generation systems as renewable sources or diesel and taking the distribution network to isolated communities, it should be considered the economic viability of those benefits. This study aimed to analyse the hybrid solar-aeolian system installed in an isolated community, in Jalapao/TO. Three scenarios were analyzed: first of them, getting the capital back with MRI = 6% per year; second one, getting the capital back with MRI = 0; and third, without getting the investment back. In all the three cases, O and M costs were considered. The proceeds were calculated from the production at the community workshop, in which the electricity was available. The results indicated that this technology is economically viable if the generated energy is used for production process. It also demonstrated that the third scenario is more interesting for the community, since the contribution per family is only 8% of its incomes. (author)

  6. The provision of electricity through a photovoltaic-wind hybrid system in an isolated community in the Jalapao, municipality of Mateiros, state of Tocantins, Brazil; A disponibilizacao de energia eletrica atraves de um sistema hibrido eolico-fotovoltaico em uma comunidade isolada na regiao do Jalapao, municipio de Mateiros, estado do Tocantins

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Zukowski Junior, J.C.; Santos, W.F.; Nobrega, S.L. de; Marcon, R.O. [Universidade Luterana do Brasil (CEULP/ULBRA), Palmas, TO (Brazil). Centro Universitario Luterano de Palmas. Curso de Engenharia Agricola], Emails: zukowski@uft.edu.br, olavo@ulbra-to.br, silvestre@ulbra-to.br

    2009-07-01

    Nowadays Brazil has many isolated communities. This isolation occurs mainly due to territorial conditions. Besides this aspect, the lack of structure produces another isolation, much more harmful, the social one. To promote social inclusion and sustainable development, some requirements are essential. Amongst all of them, the provision of electricity is the most prominent. This study aimed to provide electricity to an isolated community in the Jalapao region, Mateiros city, in the state of Tocantins. It was installed a hybrid aeolian-photovoltaic system, with capacity to produce 9676.80 kWh per year. This electricity system aims to improve the production process, so it was installed at the local community workshop. The results indicate that the system can be sustainable if the community makes use of the electricity generation, using it in the production process. (author)

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