Economic evaluation of operational concepts for electrolysers with high proportions of renewable energies; Wirtschaftlichkeitsbewertung von Betriebskonzepten fuer Elektrolyseure bei hohen Anteilen Erneuerbarer Energien

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Michaelis, Julia; Wietschel, Martin [Fraunhofer-Institut fuer System- und Innovationsforschung ISI, Karlsruhe (Germany). Competence Center Energietechnologien und Energiesysteme

2015-07-01

This article examines different modes of electrolyzers in two future scenarios of the German energy system. It turns out that hydrolyzers need a high utilization to pay for themselves. An economic operation in 2030 in the scenario of moderate expansion of renewable energies is not possible. At strong expansion the investment is profitable when high revenues from secondary control power provision can be achieved. Generally it is clear that the secondary control power provision and also the direct sales of hydrogen in industry or in the transport sector allows higher revenues than the storage and reconversion. [German] Der Beitrag untersucht verschiedene Betriebsweisen von Elektrolyseuren in zwei Zukunftsszenarien des deutschen Energiesystems. Es zeigt sich, dass Elektrolyseure eine hohe Auslastung benoetigen, um sich zu amortisieren. Ein wirtschaftlicher Betrieb ist bis 2030 im Szenario mit moderatem Ausbau Erneuerbarer Energien nicht moeglich. Bei starkem Ausbau rentiert sich die Investition, wenn hohe Erloese aus Sekundaerregelleistungsvorhaltung erzielt werden koennen. Allgemein wird deutlich, dass die Sekundaerregelleistungsvorhaltung und auch der direkte Absatz von Wasserstoff in der Industrie oder im Verkehrssektor hoehere Erloese ermoeglichen als die Speicherung und Rueckverstromung.

Renewable in figures. Internet update of selected data; Erneuerbare Energien in Zahlen. Internet-Update ausgewaehlter Daten

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Boehme, Dieter; Duerrschmidt, Wolfhart; Mark, Michael van (comps.) [Bundesministerium fuer Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit (BMU), Berlin (Germany). Referat KI III 1 - Allgemeine und grundsaetzliche Angelegenheiten der Erneuerbaren Energien

2010-12-15

The basis of the present contribution of the Federal Ministry of Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany) is the data base of the working group renewable energy statistics. The sequential production of data to the development of the renewable energies in Germany is a more burdensome, constantly repeating process. On the basis of the available data and expert estimations a snapshot of the development of the renewable energies is prepared in each case. The alterations of the data documented here in particular traces back to additional data availability. These data are published in the internet on the topic side 'Renewable Energies' under www.erneuerbare-energien.de in the category 'data service/time series: Development starting from 1990'. These time series are available in Excel format as a download. This topic side also contains diagrams and tables with actual data and further information around the renewable energy.

Renewables in figures. Internet update of selected data; Erneuerbare Energien in Zahlen. Internet-Update ausgewaehlter Daten

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Boehme, Dieter; Duerrschmidt, Wolfhart (comps.)

2011-12-15

The basis of the present contribution of the Federal Ministry of Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany) is the data base of the working group renewable energy statistics. The sequential production of data to the development of the renewable energies in Germany is a more burdensome, constantly repeating process. On the basis of the available data and expert estimations a snapshot of the development of the renewable energies is prepared in each case. The alterations of the data documented here in particular traces back to additional data availability. These data are published in the internet on the topic side 'Renewable Energies' under www.erneuerbare-energien.de in the category 'data service/time series: Development starting from 1990'. These time series are available in Excel format as a download. This topic side also contains diagrams and tables with actual data and further information around the renewable energy.

Development of renewable energy sources in Germany 2014. Charts and figures based on statistical data from the working group on renewable energy-statistics (AGEE-Stat); Entwicklung der erneuerbaren Energien in Deutschland im Jahr 2014. Grafiken und Diagramme unter Verwendung aktueller Daten der Arbeitsgruppe Erneuerbare Energien-Statistik (AGEE-Stat)

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Nieder, Thomas; Bickel, Peter; Musiol, Frank (comps.) [Zentrum fuer Sonnenenergie- und Wasserstoff-Forschung Baden-Wuerttemberg (ZSW), Stuttgart (Germany)

2015-12-15

The more than 30 diagrams and graphs describe the development of the importance of renewable energy in Germany by the year 2014. Also, discusses the development of avoided greenhouse emissions through renewable energies, as well as the investments and their economic impulses for Germany. Some technical terms are conclusively explained in a glossary. [German] Die mehr als 30 Diagramme und Graphiken beschreiben die Entwicklung der Bedeutung der erneuerbaren Energien fuer Deutschland bis zum Jahr 2014. Auch wird auf die Entwicklung der vermiedenen Treibhaus-Emissionen durch erneuerbare Energien, sowie die Investitionen und deren wirtschaftlichen Impulse fuer Deutschland eingegangen. Einige Fachbegriffe werden abschliessend in einem Glossar erlaeutert.

Biogas in a future energy supply structure with a high proportion of fluctuating renewable energies; Biogas in einer zukuenftigen Energieversorgungsstruktur mit hohen Anteilen fluktuierender Erneuerbarer Energien

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Holzhammer, Uwe Abraham

2015-07-01

The power supply must integrate in the future an increasing share of renewable energies for the supply of electricity customers to meet the climate protection requirements. The proportion of weather-dependent renewable energy plays a leading role of renewable power supply in the future. These highly volatile provided electricity volumes do not match in base-load power generated amounts, as it has come in the past biogas park and still mostly delivers. It seems necessary that the non-fluctuating production units ''make room'' the wind and PV electricity volumes in the energy system and provide the electricity in phases when the fluctuating renewable energy electricity volumes are not available. In this study, it is determined how the biogas park with its high number of production systems should behave from total cost perspective in the energy system in 2030. It primarily concerns the question whether the base-load electricity production of biogas parks should be changed and made more flexible from the perspective of the overall costs and if so, to what extent. [German] Die Stromversorgung muss in Zukunft einen stetig steigenden Anteil an Erneuerbarer Energien zur Versorgung der Stromkunden integrieren, um die den Klimaschutzanforderungen zu genuegen. Der Anteil an wetterabhaengigen Erneuerbaren Energien nimmt dabei zukuenftig die tragende Rolle der Erneuerbaren Stromversorgung ein. Diese sehr volatil bereitgestellten Strommengen passen nicht zu in Grundlast erzeugten Strommengen, wie sie in der Vergangenheit der BiogasPark geliefert hat und immer noch groesstenteils liefert. Es scheint erforderlich, dass die nicht fluktuierenden Erzeugungseinheiten den Wind-und PV-Strommengen im Energiesystem ''Platz machen'' und den Strom in Phasen bereitstellen, wenn die fluktuierende Erneuerbaren Energie-Strommengen nicht zur Verfuegung stehen. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wird ermittelt, wie sich der BiogasPark mit seiner hohen Zahl an

Renewable energy sources. Erneuerbare Energien

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1988-01-01

To judge future trends in work on the exploitation of renewable energy sources for overall energy supply, it is necessary to know the following: the rules that nature abides by, the principles of technical exploitation of these energies, and the basic data for the current state of development. The above information is compiled in this publication for those renewable energy sources on which topical discussion centres: solar radiation and wind. For the remaining renowable energy sources (e.g. biomass, tidal power, geothermal energy), some examples of use are mentioned and advanced literature is indicated. (orig./HSCH).

Monitoring and evaluation of policy instruments to support renewable electricity in EU Member States. Summary; Monitoring und Bewertung der Foerderinstrumente fuer Erneuerbare Energien in EU Mitgliedsstaaten. Kurzfassung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ragwitz, M.; Held, A. [Fraunhofer-Institut fuer Systemtechnik und Innovationsforschung (ISI), Karlsruhe (Germany); Resch, G.; Faber, T.; Huber, C.; Haas, R. [Technische Univ. Wien (AT). Energy Economics Group (EEG)

2006-09-15

Policy strategies for the promotion of electricity from renewable energy sources differ significantly among the Member States of the European Union with respect to the amount of additional installed capacity as well as concerning the country-specific support costs. The present report aims to assess the effectiveness and the economic efficiency of the support policies in the EU based on both historical experiences and prospective model-based analysis. The main message of the investigation is that the most effective policy instruments tend to be cost-efficient at the same time. In particular, feed-in tariff systems were identified as a successful instrument for supporting renewable energies in terms of effectiveness and efficiency, whereas quota systems still have to prove themselves in practice. (orig.) [German] Bezueglich des Erfolges bei der Foerderung erneuerbarer Energietraeger im Stromsektor bestehen deutliche Unterschiede zwischen den Mitgliedsstaaten der Europaeischen Union. Dies betrifft sowohl den Zubau an installierter Kapazitaet als auch die laenderspezifischen Foerderkosten des Ausbaus. In diesem Projekt erfolgte eine vergleichende Betrachtung der Wirksamkeit und der oekonomischen Effizienz der Foerderpolitiken in den Laendern der EU basierend auf historischen Erfahrungen als auch auf prospektiven modellbasierten Analysen. Es zeigt sich, dass die wirksamsten Systeme auch haeufig die kostenguenstigsten sind. Insbesondere wird ersichtlich, dass garantierte Einspeisetarife ein sehr erfolgreiches Instrumentarium zur Foerderung erneuerbarer Energien im Stromsektor darstellen, nicht allein bezueglich des generierten Marktwachstums sondern auch im Hinblick auf die oekonomische Effizienz, wogegen Quotensysteme ihre Praxistauglichkeit bezogen auf die genannten Kriterien noch nachweisen muessen. (orig.)

'Cluster'-development and effects in the areas of renewable energy and energy efficiency in buildings; Cluster-Bildung und -Effekte in den Bereichen Erneuerbare Energie und Energieeffizienz in Gebaeuden

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Suter, S.; Simmen, H. [Ecoplan, Berne (Switzerland); Ohler, F.; Joerg, L. [Technopolis Austria, Wien (Austria)

2004-07-01

This comprehensive report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) presents the results obtained from an analysis of the formation of so called 'clusters' of companies acting in related fields with the aim of enhancing innovation in their business areas. This is achieved by promoting the exchange of knowledge to encourage learning processes. The report discusses the pros and cons of the 'cluster' theory as well as experience gained in this area in various European countries. It also suggests measures to be taken to aid the formation and further development of clusters in Switzerland. The measures looked at include political ones on the demand side such as levies, energy standards, export promotion and the setting of examples by authorities and - to a lesser degree - measures on the supply side such as the support of research. In particular, the successful use of the 'cluster' method in Austria is looked at.

6. Kassel symposium on energy system engineering. On-site energy generation using renewable energy sources. Proceedings 2001; 6. Kasseler Symposium: Energie-Systemtechnik. Erneuerbare Energien und rationelle Energieverwendung. Innovative Energiewandler. Tagungsband 2001

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Caselitz, P. (comp.)

2001-07-01

The sixth Kassel symposium on energy system engineering. On-site energy generation using renewable energy sources focuses on the subject of innovative energy converter. The status and the development of generally known technologies is not only supposed to be reported on but also some conversion methods, which are currently not too well known. The changed frame conditions in the field of energy economy cause some systems, which have already been developed, to appear in a new light. The first talk of this symposium does not really discuss a method of energy conversion compared to the other talks. It rather describes a scenario that focuses on silicium as future energy carrier. Further contributions report on new, innovative concepts for electrical partial systems of wind and water power plants with variable revolution. Modern design methods for water turbines are presented with the example of hydraulic turbo-engines. Three contributions present the current status of technology and perspectives in the field of photovoltaics, thermal photovoltaics as well as new developments in the field of solarthermal systems. Talks about micro gas turbines and fuel cells discuss the use of these systems in dual purpose power plants and in the field of energy supply for houses. Information about modern steam engines and the use of Stirling engines in the field of biomass utilization complete the subject range of this symposium. (orig.) [German] Das 6. Kasseler Symposium zur Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien und rationellen Energieverwendung widmet sich dem Thema Innovative Energiewandler. Dabei soll nicht nur ueber den Stand und die Entwicklung weithin bekannter Technologien berichtet werden. Vorgestellt werden auch einige Konversionsverfahren, deren Bekanntheitsgrad heute noch gering ist. Auch lassen die veraenderten Rahmenbedingungen in der Energiewirtschaft einige im Prinzip entwickelte Systeme moeglicherweise in einem neuen Licht erscheinen. Der erste Beitrag des Symposiums setzt

Political economy of renewable energy policy in Germany. A consideration of the policy making process in the electricity market under the influence of interest groups; Politische Oekonomie der Erneuerbare-Energien-Politik in Deutschland. Eine Betrachtung des Politikbildungsprozesses auf dem Strommarkt unter dem Einfluss von Interessengruppen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mueller, Tom

2015-07-01

In the research, it is argued that the targeted promotion of renewables leads to a change in the technological path dependency on the electricity market or led. The historically market depending portfolio of products in the conventional power industry will be replaced by an increasingly strong dependence on the product portfolio of Renewable Energy Sector according to this argumentation. The present work is devoted to the political explanation of the change and transition process in the electricity market. The process of policy formation in this market (especially support policies for renewable energies) will be discussed. It is examined from a public choice perspective, which political actors and instances in the past were responsible for the development and maintenance of individual policy elements. In particular, in this analysis the different private sector stakeholders in the electricity market move to center of attention. [German] In der Forschung wird argumentiert, dass die gezielte Foerderung der Erneuerbaren zu einer Veraenderung der technologischen Pfadabhaengigkeit am Strommarkt fuehrt bzw. gefuehrt hat. Die historisch bedingte Marktabhaengigkeit vom Angebotsportfolio der konventionellen Stromindustrie wird im Rahmen dieser Argumentation durch eine zunehmend starke Abhaengigkeit vom Angebotsportfolio des Erneuerbare-Eenergie-Bereichs ersetzt. Die vorliegende Arbeit widmet sich der politischen Erklaerung des Veraenderungs- bzw. Uebergangsprozesses am Strommarkt. Der Prozess der Politikbildung auf diesem Markt (v.a. der Foerderpolitik fuer erneuerbare Energien) wird diskutiert. Es wird aus einer Public-Choice-Perspektive untersucht, welche politischen Akteure und Instanzen in der Vergangenheit fuer die Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung einzelner Politikelemente verantwortlich waren. Insbesondere ruecken bei dieser Betrachtung die unterschiedlichen privatwirtschaftlichen Interessengruppen am Strommarkt ins Zentrum der Aufmerksamkeit.

Promotion of energy conservation and renewable energy sources in Bavaria; Foerderung von Energiesparen und Erneuerbaren Energien in Bayern

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Schirm, D. [Bayerisches Staatsministerium fuer Wirtschaft, Verkehr und Technologie, Muenchen (Germany)

1995-09-01

The present article gives an overview of the measures taken in Bavaria (Federal German Republic) for promoting energy conservation. There include: Efficient energy utilisation; communal energy saving concepts; utilisation of renewable energy sources; small-scale hydropower plants; modernisation measures; and cultivable raw materials. (HW) [Deutsch] Der Artikel liefert einen Ueberblick ueber die Foerdermassnahmen zur Energieeinsparung im Freistaat Bayern (Bundesrepublik Deutschland): - Rationelle Energieverwendung - kommunale Energieeinsparkonzepte - Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien - Kleinwasserkraftanlagen - Modernisierungsmassnahmen - nachwachsende Rohstoffe. (HW)

Energy report 2016; Energiebericht 2016

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2016-07-01

The energy report 2016 of the Ministry of the Environment, Climate and Energy Industry Baden-Wuerttemberg and the Statistical Office provides a solid, reliable data foundation on the topics of energy consumption, electricity and heat generation and renewable energies. It provides a comprehensive overview of the years 2013 and 2014 in Baden-Württemberg and also makes it possible to make an informed assessment of energy sector developments through long-term data series. [German] Der Energiebericht 2016 des Ministeriums fuer Umwelt, Klima und Energiewirtschaft Baden-Württemberg und des Statistischen Landesamtes bietet ein solides, verlaessliches Datenfundament rund um die Themen Energieverbrauch, Strom- und Waermeerzeugung und erneuerbare Energien. Er gewaehrt einen umfassenden Ueberblick ueber die Jahre 2013 und 2014 in Baden-Wuerttemberg und ermoeglicht darueber hinaus durch langfristig verfuegbare Datenreihen eine fundierte Bewertung der energiewirtschaftlichen Entwicklungen.

Baden-Wuerttemberg. Energy report `94; Baden-Wuerttemberg. Energie-Bericht `94

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1995-11-01

The energy report reviews the energy policy of the Land Baden-Wuerttemberg in the light of the national and international situation in the year under report. Tables and diagrams present data and information on the worldwide energy consumption, the energy consumption in the European Union and in the Federal Republic of Germany as well as on the energy supplies of the Land Baden-Wuerttemberg; Energy consumption; primary energy consumption; end-use energy consumption; rational use of energy; mineral oil; coal; electricity; natural gas; district heating; renewable energy sources; energy supply structures; the energy balance of Baden-Wuerttemberg for the past year; and more. (orig./HS) [Deutsch] Der Energiebericht gibt einen Ueberblick ueber die Energiepolitik Baden-Wuerttembergs im nationalen und internationalen Rahmen fuer das Berichtsjahr. Tabellen und Graphiken informieren ueber die wichtigsten Daten zum Energieverbrauch weltweit, in der Europaeischen Union und in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland sowie zur Energieversorgung des Landes Baden-Wuerttemberg: Energieverbrauch; Primaerenergieverbrauch; Endenergieverbrauch; rationelle Nutzung von Energie; Mineraloel; Kohle; Strom; Erdgas; Fernwaerme; erneuerbare Energien; Versorgungsstrukturen; energiebedingte Emissionen; Energiebilanz Baden-Wuerttemberg fuer das Vorjahr; und mehr. (orig./HS)

Baden-Wuerttemberg. Energy report 97; Baden-Wuerttemberg. Energie-Bericht 97

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

The energy report reviews the energy policy of the Land Baden-Wuerttemberg in the light of the national and international situation in the year under report. Tables and diagrams present data and information on the worldwide energy consumption, the energy consumption in the European Union and in the Federal Republic of Germany as well as on the energy supplies of the Land Baden-Wuerttemberg: energy consumption; primary energy consumption; end-use energy consumption; rational use of energy; mineral oil; coal; electricity; natural gas; district heating; renewable energy sources; energy supply structures; the energy balance of Baden-Wuerttemberg for the past year; and more. (orig.) [Deutsch] Der Energiebericht gibt einen Ueberblick ueber die Energiepolitik Baden-Wuerttembergs im nationalen und internationalen Rahmen fuer das Berichtsjahr. Tabellen und Graphiken informieren ueber die wichtigsten Daten zum Energieverbrauch weltweit, in der Europaeischen Union und in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland sowie zur Energieversorgung des Landes Baden-Wuerttemberg: Energieverbrauch; Primaerenergieverbrauch; Endenergieverbrauch; rationelle Nutzung von Energie; Mineraloel; Kohle; Strom; Erdgas; Fernwaerme; Erneuerbare Energien; Versorgungsstrukturen; Energiebedingte Emissionen; Energiebilanz Baden-Wuerttemberg fuer das Vorjahr; und mehr. (orig.)

Renewable energy sources in Europe; Erneuerbare Energien in Europa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mueller, Thorsten; Kahl, Hartmut (eds.)

2015-07-01

The book on renewable energy sources in Europe includes contributions on the following issues: Europe's energy and climate policy on the crossroad; possible promotion of renewable energy in Europe; regulation and innovations in a multi-level system - European energy and climate protection legislation - freedom of action for the member states; lessons learned - in the implementation of the European renewable energy guideline; Options for the development of the renewable energy guideline; status and development of the legal system of the energy domestic market; actual developments in the legislation of the EuGH on the compatibility of green electricity promotion systems with free movement on goods; Europe without critical power situations; prerequisites and consequences of a European electricity market coupling; selected grants of the EU commission for green energy promotion; assistance guidelines of the EU commission for energy and environment purposes.

Developments of the climate protection law and the climate change policy 2014-2015. Pt. 2. Federal government, federal states and municipalities; Entwicklungen des Klimaschutzrechts und der Klimaschutzpolitik 2014/2015. T. 2. Bund, Bundeslaender und Kommunen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Staesche, Uta [Hochschule fuer Wirtschaft und Recht (HWR), Berlin (Germany). Inst. fuer Klimaschutz, Energie und Mobilitaet (IKEM)

2015-08-14

According to the motto of the energy transition the Federal Government set herself targets in the areas of greenhouse gas emissions, renewable energy and energy efficiency. Main emphasis of its climate change policy is the implementation of the 2014/15 Action Programme Climate Protection 2020. A key measure discussed here is the climate contribution of the German electricity sector, is now being implemented in a significantly modified form. With a view on the long-term climate objectives prepares the federal government the national climate change plan 2050; the federal government promote locally climate protection within the framework of the National Climate Protection Initiative (NKI) in a Variety of projects. On the level of the federal states intensifies clearly the trend of the legal protection of federal climate protection targets. In addition to the federal levels are also the municipalities still active in various climate protection projects. [German] Unter dem Leitwort der Energiewende hat sich die Bundesregierung Ziele in den Bereichen Treibhausgasemissionen, erneuerbare Energien und Energieeffizienz gesetzt. Schwerpunkt ihrer Klimaschutzpolitik bildet 2014/15 die Umsetzung des Aktionsprogramms Klimaschutz 2020. Als eine zentrale Massnahme wurde hier der Klimabeitrag des deutschen Stromsektors diskutiert, der nun in deutlich abgewandelter Form umgesetzt wird. Mit Blick auf die langfristigen Klimaschutzziele bereitet die Bundesregierung den nationalen Klimaschutzplan 2050 vor; Klimaschutz vor Ort foerdert sie im Rahmen der Nationalen Klimaschutzinitiative (NKI) in einer Vielzahl von Projekten. Auf Ebene der Bundeslaender verstaerkt sich deutlich der Trend der gesetzlichen Absicherung von Landesklimaschutzzielen. Neben den ueberregionalen Ebenen sind auch die Kommunen weiterhin in vielfaeltigen Klimaschutzprojekten aktiv.

A contribution of the FVEE to the 6th German energy research program. Research projects in the area of renewable energy sources, energy efficiency and system integration; Beitrag des FVEE zum 6. Energieforschungsprogramm der Bundesregierung. Forschungsaufgaben in den Bereichen erneuerbare Energien, Energieeffizienz und Systemintegration

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stryi-Hipp, Gerhard; Stadermann, Gerd (comps.)

2010-10-15

Due to the increasing climate change, increasing dependence of imports from constant scarce fossil and nuclear energy resources and due to the strongly fluctuating energy prices, fundamental settings of the agenda for the power supply are placed at present in Germany and Europe. In the contribution under consideration, the Renewable Energy Research Association (Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany) recommends ways to the research and development of a power system in which renewable energies and energy efficiency play a central role. For the 6th energy research program of the Federal Government two principles can be derived: (a) The energy research must be intensified clearly and permanently; (b) In the energy research a clear stabilization of the renewable energies and the energy efficiency have to be performed, since they are the most important contributions to the future energy system.

Hydroelectric power: Energy vector for progress and development; Wasserkraft: Energievektor fuer Fortschritt und Entwicklung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Meclot, B; Dupuy, M; Weis, H; Linari, A; Baril, M; Barlow, M; Cambi, M; Cullen, R; Genier, M; Germeau, J P; Madureira, C; Mellquist, P; Perea, A; Rost, M; Savey, P; Schiller, G; Talhull, A

1997-11-01

Hydroelectric power in the UNIPEDE member states has a share of about 18 percent, i.e. slightly less than the world average of 19 percent. Hydroelectric power has good future prospects: It is a renewable energy source and well suited for storage. (orig) [Deutsch] Wasserkraft ist eine Energie, die im Rahmen der von den Mitgliedslaendern der UNIPEDE genutzten Energieerzeugungsarten eine hohe Bedeutung hat. Sie repraesentiert durchschnittlich 18% der erzeugten elektrischen Energie, leicht unterhalb des weltweiten Durchschnitts (19%). Die Merkmale der Wasserkraft verdienen Aufmerksamkeit: Es handelt sich um eine erneuerbare Energie, die in grossen Mengen gespeichert werden kann und in der Energiewirtschaft eine grosse Rolle spielt. (orig.)

Energy and climate. A vision of the future; Energie und Klima. Ein Blick in die Zukunft

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brand, Hans; Hosemann, Gerhard; Riedle, Klaus (eds.)

2013-07-01

This book contains five lectures from the symposium of 8 November 2012. The topics and speakers were: 1. The energy turnaround in Germany - Chances and risks (DIETHARD MAGER); 2. The power supply from renewable sources and their constraints (GERHARD HEROLD); 3. What really contributes CO{sub 2} to global warming? (HERMANN HARDE); 4. Sun and greenhouse gas - causes of climate change (FRITZ VAHRENHOLT); 5. The hydrocarbon-cycle management - secure energy and resource supply from renewable energy sources (DOMINIK ROHRMUS). [German] Dieses Buch enthaelt fuenf Vortraege aus dem Symposium vom 8. November 2012. Die Themen und Referenten waren: 1. Die Energiewende in Deutschland - Chancen und Risiken (DIETHARD MAGER); 2. Die Stromversorgung aus regenerativen Quellen und ihre Zwaenge (GERHARD HEROLD); 3. Was traegt CO{sub 2} wirklich zur globalen Erwaermung bei? (HERMANN HARDE); 4. Sonne und Treibhausgase - Ursachen des Klimawandels (FRITZ VAHRENHOLT); 5. Die Kohlenwasserstoff-Kreislaufwirtschaft - sichere Energie- und Ressourcenversorgung mittels erneuerbarer Energien (DOMINIK ROHRMUS).

Renewable energy in Thailand; Renewable Energy in Thailand

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Morstadt, Till [Lorenz and Partners, Bangkok (Thailand)

2016-01-15

The following article should represent an overview of the situation of the energy sector in Thailand (I), in particular is referred to the recent Energy Plan 2036 (II.). The focus of this plan - and, accordingly, this paper - is on renewable energy. In addition to the general importance of renewable energy for Thailand the article should deal in detail with the various funding opportunities that the Thai government makes available to investors (III). In addition, under IV. the foreign Investors restrictions in force and possible exemptions thereof are discussed. Finally, it should, as far as possible, a view be given to future developments (V.). [German] Der nachfolgende Beitrag soll einen Ueberblick ueber die Situation des Energiesektors in Thailand darstellen (1.), wobei insbesondere Bezug genommen wird auf den kuerzlich veroeffentlichten Energieplan 2036 (II.). Der Fokus dieses Planes - und dementsprechend dieses Beitrages - liegt auf erneuerbaren Energien. Neben der allgemeinen Bedeutung erneuerbarer Energien fuer Thailand soll detailliert auf die einzelnen Foerdermoeglichkeiten eingegangen werden, die die thailaendische Regierung Investoren zur Verfuegung stellt (111.). Zudem werden unter IV. die fuer auslaendische Investoren geltenden Beschraenkungen und moegliche Befreiungen hiervon eroertert. Abschliessend soll, soweit moeglich, ein Ausblick auf zukuenftige.Entwicklungen gegeben werden (V.).

Governance processes for renewable energies; Governance-Prozesse fuer erneuerbare Energien

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Klagge, Britta; Arbach, Cora (eds.)

2013-08-01

The ''Energiewende'' (energy turnaround) and the expansion of renewable energies in Germany is at a point, where, beside the undisputable successes and future opportunities, the problems and conflicts around renewable energy production have become increasingly apparent. The challenge today lies in the further development of the successfully implemented political instruments and of the underlying governance structures. This article summarizes the most important findings of the report as policy recommendations.

Renewable energy sources from the agriculture; Erneuerbare Energien aus der Landwirtschaft

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gaul, Thomas

2013-06-01

The sustainable and efficient production of renewable energy from agricultural resources is an active contribution to the climate protection. This is a serious issue for farmers, particularly as the climatic change affects the production of the farmers. The brochure under consideration shows how farmers can not only produce energy efficiently, but also use energy at their own farms. With this, not only an independence from the energy suppliers is achieved, but also the energy supply is supplied.

Renewable energies. Ambivalences, governance, legal issues; Erneuerbare Energien. Ambivalenzen, Governance, Rechtsfragen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ekardt, Felix; Hennig, Bettina; Unnerstall, Herwig (eds.)

2012-07-01

The present publication is dedicated to renewable energies. The move to a new energy and climate policy impinges on many central humanistic issues (including issues of a legal, economic, sociological, ethical and politological nature). How is it possible to resolve the ambivalences that are associated with the use of renewable energies and which draw our attention not only to renewable energies as such but also to issues of energy efficiency and sufficiency. What political and economic instruments are needed in order to accelerate the market entry of renewable energies and at the same time contain the ambivalences associated with them? And what questions of legal interpretation result from the application of such instruments in practice, be it in the context of subsidies under the Renewable Energy Law or the laws on the planning of building projects. And where lie the causes of the fact seen here that so many individuals in business, the political realm and the public at large are finding it hard to go with the transition to renewable energies?.

Bioenergy. The manifold renewable energy. 4. compl. rev. ed.; Bioenergie. Die vielfaeltige erneuerbare Energie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2012-06-15

Bioenergy is the most important renewable energy source in Germany. With about 70 percent bioenergy contributes to the largest share of energy supply from renewable energy sources. This brochure provides an overview of the various possibilities, advantages and opportunities in the use of biomass and bioenergy.

Energy autonomy. A new policy for renewable energies; Energieautonomie. Eine neue Politik fuer erneuerbare Energien

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Scheer, H.

2005-07-01

The petroleum resources are diminishing; resource conflicts invoke the new wars of our century. With increasing energy demand the world races to its existential crisis. The renaissance of nuclear energy is therefore strongly promoted and energy industry is trying by all means to keep their predominance. It is gaming with fire, since only a holistic change over to the use of renewable energy sources can secure global energy demand. Why is rethinking so difficult and what strategies and technologies can help? Hermann Scheer descibes in his new book the manifold mental barriers, the power of traditional energy-thinking, but he also shows, how the change to renewables can be done and made irreversible. The archimedic point is energy autonomy - a manifold feasible, technological, and economical concept. Energy autonomy can only be achieved with renewables and can be used at once and anywhere: decentralized, individually, with immediate noticable consequences. The new policy for renewables, developed by Scheer, frees the energy discussions from its prison fo specialized energy thinking. A ideational and practical guideline for the overdue energy change. (orig./uke)

Renewable energy sources and nuclear installations; Erneuerbare Energien und neue Nuklearanlagen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hirschberg, S.; Bauer, Ch.; Burgherr, P.; Stucki, S.; Vogel, F.; Biollaz, S.; Schulz, T.; Durisch, W.; Hardegger, P.; Foskolos, K.; Meier, A.; Schenler, W.

2005-02-15

This comprehensive work report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) made by the Paul Scherrer Institute PSI takes a look at work done in connection with the updating of the office's Energy Perspectives. In particular, the topic of electricity is reviewed in the light of pending important decisions in the area of nuclear energy and the newer renewable sources of energy. The report makes an attempt to estimate the effect on Swiss power production that the new renewables and new nuclear installations could have in the next 30-40 years and to what costs this could be done and which obstacles would have to overcome. The renewable energy sources include small hydro, wind, photovoltaics, solar thermal power plants, biogas, geothermal energy, wave-power and solar chemistry. The methods used include literature study and contacts with internal PSI experts on the various areas involved. The most important system characteristics were noted and learning curves for the various technologies were taken into account. Ecological and social factors were also considered

Renewable energy sources, subsidised indefinitely?; Erneuerbare Energien. Ein ewiger Subventionstatbestand?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Muehlhaeuser, Kurt; Roth, Hans [Stadtwerke Muenchen GmbH, Muenchen (Germany)

2012-08-15

The German Renewables Act, EEG, specified a guaranteed reimbursement rate for electric power from renewable energy sources. Normally, the reimbursement rate is far higher than the market value of the power generated and thus makes the plant economically interesting for its owner. It remains to be seen if the renewable energy sources with the biggest potential, i.e. wind power and solar power, will have to be subsidized indefinitely, or whether they can find their place in the electricity market also without the EEG and other funding mechanisms.

Equal chances are necessary. Political expert Bruno Frick discusses the competitive situation of the various energy sources; Wir fordern gleichlange Spiesse. Politiker Bruno Frick zur Wettbewerbssituation der Energietraeger

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Haag, J.

1997-11-01

Swiss politician Bruno Frick is in favour of renewable energy sources. In his opinion, future generations should not pay for our faults. HAUSTECH interviewed him about the Federal investment programme and on renewable energy sources in general. (orig.) [Deutsch] Bruno Frick, CVP-Staenderat aus dem Kanton Schwyz, gehoehrt im eidgenoessischen Parlament zu den dezidierten Befuerwortern erneuerbarer Energien. Der Grund: Die Konzequenzen davon, wie wir heute mit der Energie umgehen, haben nach seiner Ueberzeugung kommende Generationen zu tragen. `HAUS TECH` hat sich deshalb mit dem engagierten Politiker ueber das vom Bund initiierte Investitionsprogramm und generell ueber die erneuerbaren Energien unterhalten. (orig.)

Renewable energies 2020. Potential atlas Germany; Erneuerbare Energien 2020. Potenzialatlas Deutschland

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schmidt, Janine; Muehlenhoff, Joerg

2009-11-15

A future energy policy equally has to pursue environmental protection and climate protection, economic efficiency as well as supply security. Renewable energies substantially contribute to this. In the last decade, the Federal Government of Germany showed that a strong development of renewable energies is possible within a short time. For the year 2020, the industry prognosticates an amount of the renewable energies of 47 % at the consumption of electricity, 25 % at the heat consumption, and 22 % at the fuel consumption in the traffic. The contribution under consideration shows that the surface which is needed for this is small. Depending upon climate, landscape, settlement structure and agrarian structure, each region offers its own different potentials.

Emissions balancing of renewable energy sources. Avoided emissions due to the use of renewable energies in 2007; Emissionsbilanz erneuerbarer Energietraeger. Durch Einsatz erneuerbarer Energien vermiedene Emissionen im Jahr 2007

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Memmler, Michael; Mohrbach, Elke; Schneider, Sven; Dreher, Marion; Herbener, Reinhard

2009-10-15

The report on the emissions accounting with respect to renewable energy covers the following issues: 1. Introduction and purpose. 2. Methodology concerning the balancing for electricity, heat and traffic, uncertainties due to lack of data. 3. Energy supply from renewable energy sources in 2007. 4. Fossil energy substitution by renewable energy sources: electricity, heat and traffic. 5. Emissions from different energy supply lines: electricity, heat, traffic. 6. Results of the emissions accounting for renewable energy sources: electricity, heat, traffic and comprehensive review. 7. Retroacting accounting and forward projection.

Weber's dictionary. Pocket edition. Vol. 2. Renewable energy sources. Webers Taschenlexikon. Bd. 2. Erneuerbare Energie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Weber, R

1986-01-01

Reserves of our major energy sources natural gas, petroleum and coal are limited. Their combustion essentially contributes to air pollution widh all its health hazards and environmental impacts. Apart from the fact that power plants supplying energy with the help of nuclear fission are disputed, uranium reserves are limited, too. The developmental state of nuclear fusion, an the other hand, still defies concrete statements as the future availability of fusion-based energy. Considering above facts it is evident that renewable energy sources will be gaining in importance. The book above all intends to give a consistent survey on the forms and capacities of renewable energy sources, existing technologies and technologies currently being developed, historical aspects, the social and environmental compatibility of renewable energy sources, economic aspects, and future prospects. The dictionary contains 197 independent alphabetically arranged and basically coherent chapters which are to provide the basis for profound reflections on the subject.

Energy policy objectives scenarios 2050. Reactions on the need for expansion of wind energy and photovoltaics; Energiepolitische Zielszenarien 2050. Rueckwirkungen auf den Ausbaubedarf von Windenergie und Photovoltaik

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Deutsch, Matthias [Agora Energiewende, Berlin (Germany); Gerhardt, Norman; Sandau, Fabian [Fraunhofer Institut fuer Windenergie und Energiesystemtechnik (IWES), Kassel (Germany). Gruppe Energiewirtschaft und Systemanalyse

2015-12-15

The energy policy debate about renewable energies in Germany is currently focused almost exclusively on expansion targets of the power sector. Imost cases it remains an open question how much current is needed in the long term. A comparison of four cross-sectoral target scenarios shows that electricity consumption in 2050 in many cases could be much higher, depending on the assumptions and interpretation of climate targets than previously thought. [German] Die energiepolitische Diskussion um erneuerbare Energien in Deutschland konzentriert sich zurzeit fast ausschliesslich auf die Ausbauziele im Stromsektor. Dabei bleibt zumeist die Frage offen, wie viel Strom langfristig benoetigt wird. Ein Vergleich von vier sektoruebergreifenden Zielszenarien zeigt, dass der Stromverbrauch im Jahr 2050 je nach Annahmen und Interpretation der Klimaziele weitaus hoeher liegen koennte als bisher vielfach angenommen.

German energy market in 2015; Deutscher Energiemarkt 2015

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schiffer, Hans-Wilhelm [World Energy Council, London (United Kingdom). World Energy Resources; Weltenergierat - Deutschland, Berlin (Germany). Arbeitsgruppe ' ' Energie fuer Deutschland' '

2016-03-15

The given basic orientation of the energy concept of the federal government for the German energy supply increased towards renewable energy while increasing energy efficiency determines the market trend. In the present case, a current overview of the German energy market will be given of this year providing a concentrated compilation of the central main features of the energy industry. As in previous years, the article summarizes not only general facts about the energy, but also goes in detail on the development of the individual fuels such as oil, natural gas, lignite and hard coal, nuclear energy and renewable energies. Furthermore, the price trends are described in the international markets and in the domestic market. [German] Die im Energiekonzept der Bundesregierung vorgegebene Grundausrichtung der deutschen Energieversorgung hin zur verstaerkten Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien bei gleichzeitiger Steigerung der Energieeffizienz bestimmt die Marktentwicklung. Vorliegend wird ein aktueller Ueberblick ueber den deutschen Energiemarkt gegeben, der auch in diesem Jahr eine konzentrierte Zusammenstellung der zentralen Eckdaten der Energiewirtschaft leistet. Wie in den Jahren zuvor fasst der Artikel nicht nur allgemeine Fakten zum Energiemix zusammen, sondern geht auch ausfuehrlich auf die Entwicklung der einzelnen Energietraeger Erdoel, Erdgas, Braun- und Steinkohle, Kernenergie sowie regenerative Energien ein. Ferner werden die Preistendenzen auf den internationalen Maerkten und im Inland erlaeutert.

Smartes System für die Energiewende - der Übertragungsnetzbetreiber in der digitalen Zukunft

Science.gov (United States)

Pflaum, Rainer; Egeler, Tobias

Die Übertragungsnetze stellen eine zuverlässige Versorgung von Haushalt, Gewerbe und Industrie mit elektrischer Energie sicher und sind damit Grundlage einer modernen Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft. Die mittlerweile unumkehrbaren Entwicklungen der nationalen und europäischen Energiewende stellen den Übertragungsnetzbetreiber in seinen Kernaufgaben, dem Bau und Betrieb von Netzen, dem Markt- und Netzzugang und der Integration der erneuerbaren Energien vor neue und große Herausforderungen. Verbrauchsnahe dezentrale Erzeugung wie verbrauchsferne zentrale Erzeugung muss im Sinne der Gewährleistung der Systemstabilität gemanagt und in Einklang mit dem Verbrauch gebracht werden. Erneuerbare Energien müssen zudem in einem solchen System ihren Beitrag zur System- und Marktintegration leisten. All das erfordert mehr Daten, um in einem Gesamtsystem dynamische Reaktionsmöglichkeiten gewährleisten zu können. Erst die "Digitalisierung" schafft dabei die notwendigen Voraussetzungen die Komplexität zu stemmen. Die Digitalisierung stellt daher ein Kernelement dieses Wandels des Übertragungsnetzbetreibers dar, die einerseits mit zum Entstehen der neuen Herausforderungen beiträgt, andererseits aber auch hilft Werkzeuge bereitzustellen, diesen Herausforderungen zu begegnen. Im folgenden Beitrag wird aufgezeigt, wie die Digitalisierung die Aufgaben und Instrumente des Übertragungsnetzbetreibers verändern. Ausgehend von den heutigen Aufgaben eines Übertragungsnetzbetreibers und dem gültigen Rechtsrahmen werden unter dem Begriff "Notwendiges Set für morgen" smarte Elemente und Werkzeuge beschrieben, die bereits heute im Einsatz sind oder in den nächsten Jahren notwendig werden. Im Anschluss erfolgt anhand einiger Beispiele aus unterschiedlichen Bereichen eine Konkretisierung der Einsatzzwecke der Digitalisierung beim Übertragungsnetzbetreiber. Ein kurzer Ausblick mit Fokus auf den weiteren Veränderungsprozess rundet den Beitrag ab.

Influencing energy consumption in public buildings - methodology and experience; Beeinflussung der Nutzer in oeffentlichen Gebaeuden - Methoden und Erfahrungen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Muno, P.

2000-07-01

In public buildings energy consumption and the attitude towards it depends in the most diverse fields upon the consumer hinself. Public buildings are to serve as examples for developing strategies to save energy on the consumer's side. Methods and experience of 21 years of energy management are to be reported on through which a reduction of energy consumption of approx. 20% has been achieved. (orig.) [German] Die Energieanwendung, der Umgang mit Energie in oeffentlichen Gebaeuden ist in verschiedensten Bereichen abhaengig vom Verhalten der Nutzer. Dieses Nutzerverhalten in Richtung Energieeinsparung zu beeinflussen und zu aendern, bietet neben der Verringerung des Energieverbrauchs und der CO{sub 2}-Emissionen den Vorteil niedrigerer Energiekosten. Methoden und Erfahrungen dazu liegen vor, d.h. Energieeinsparung durch nichtinvestive Massnahmen. Ein wichtiges Potential, nicht zuletzt wegen der knapper werdenden Energie-Ressourcen und oeffentlichen Mittel. (orig.)

The role of hydrogen in the energy transition. Development status and perspectives; Die Rolle von Wasserstoff in der Energiewende. Entwicklungsstand und Perspektiven

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Altmann, Matthias; Buenger, Ulrich; Landinger, Hubert; Pschorr-Schoberer, Evi; Raksha, Tetyana; Wurster, Reinhold; Zerta, Martin (comps.)

2014-06-15

Hydrogen and fuel cells have great potential and are currently at the threshold of commercialization. Baden-Wuerttemberg and German companies and research institutions have created a good starting point for participating in these growth markets internationally. With dwindling fossil resources, the phasing out of nuclear energy and international targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, the entire energy system is fundamentally changing and will be fully converted over the long term to renewable energy sources. While in the past chemical sources of energy dominated as the primary source of energy, in the future these will be superseded in particular by electricity as a renewable, largely fluctuating primary energy. At the same time, however, the easy storage and transportability of energy is also partially lost. An intelligent combination of electricity, gas (methane, hydrogen), heat and fuels for mobility is a prerequisite for a robust, sustainable and sustainable energy supply in Germany. The coordinated interaction between generation, transmission, distribution, storage and consumption of electrical energy enables the efficient integration of renewable energies into the energy supply system and a secure transition to the regenerative energy age. Germany needs a robust and flexible energy strategy that can provide long-term planning security for all market players. [German] Wasserstoff und Brennstoffzellen haben ein grosses Potenzial und stehen derzeit an der Schwelle der Kommerzialisierung. Baden-wuerttembergische und deutsche Unternehmen und Forschungseinrichtungen haben sich eine gute Ausgangsbasis geschaffen, um international an diesen Wachstumsmaerkten zu partizipieren. Mit knapper werdenden fossilen Ressourcen, dem Ausstieg aus der Kernenergie und den internationalen Zielen zur Verringerung von Treibhausgasemissionen aendert sich das gesamte Energiesystem fundamental und wird langfristig vollstaendig auf erneuerbare Energietraeger umgestellt

Powerful near-surface geothermal energy with vertical groundwater circulation; Leistungsfaehige oberflaechennahe Geothermie mit vertikaler Grundwasserzirkulation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Viernickel, Michael [Geo-En Energy Technologies GmbH, Berlin (Germany). Bereich Produktentwicklung und Projektierung komplexer Energiesysteme unter Einsatz von Geothermie

2013-03-15

The conversion of energy supply based on renewable energies will be electricity based and the efficient provision of heating and cooling can be done by electric heat pumps. In cities, however, where the open areas for geothermal systems are scarce, groundwater-based systems can be a powerful option. The development of a large heat reservoir via a single bore is possible with vertical groundwater circulation systems and is described here. [German] Der Umbau der Energieversorgung auf erneuerbare Energien wird Strom basiert sein und eine effiziente Bereitstellung von Waerme und Kaelte kann durch elektrische Waermepumpen erfolgen. Innerstaedtisch sind die Freiflaechen fuer Geothermieanlagen allerdings knapp, so dass Grundwasser basierte Anlagen eine leistungsfaehige Option darstellen koennen. Die Erschliessung eines grossen Waerme-Reservoirs ueber nur eine Bohrung ist mit vertikalen Grundwasserzirkulationsanlagen moeglich und wird hier beschrieben.

Co-operative research for future energy supply; Gemeinsam Forschen fuer die Energie der Zukunft

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stadermann, G.; Szczepanski, P. (comps.)

2000-10-01

The FVS ForschungsVerbund Sonnenenergie was founded in 1990 and covers the whole spectrum of solar and renewable energy sources, from solid state physics to agriculture and technology assessment. [German] Seit der Entstehnung des FVS ForschungsVerbund Sonnenenergie haben sich die Rahmenbedingungen fuer die Erforschung der solaren und erneuerbaren Energien verbessert: Sie wurden in den letzten Jahren weiter erschlossen und haben an Bekanntheit und Sympathie gewonnen. Die von der Bundesregierung angestrebte Energiewende bedeutet eine Zaesur in der deutschen Energieversorgung und fuehrt zu einer staerkeren Foerderung erneuerbarer Energien. Sie werden zunehmend als markt- und zukunftsfaehiger Wirtschaftsfaktor wahrgenommen, zu dessen Erschliessung intensive Forschung und Entwicklung notwendig ist. Der Verbund gewinnt daher verstaerkt die Industrie und die Energiewirtschaft als Kooperationspartner im Forschungssektor. Das Themenspektrum im FVS ForschungsVerbund Sonnenenergie umfasst weitgehend alle solaren und erneuerbaren Energien. Diese Themen beinhalten eine Fuelle von einzelnen wissenschaftlichen Problemstellungen von der Festkoerperphysik bis zu agrarwissenschaftlichen Fragen nachwachsender Energierohstoffe und zur Technologiebewertung. (orig.)

Advanced energy conversion and application - Decentralized energy systems. Papers; Fortschrittliche Energiewandlung und -anwendung - Schwerpunkt: Dezentrale Energiesysteme. Vortraege

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-07-01

Decentralized energy systems is the major topic of this VDI report which contains the proceedings of the VDI conference on advanced energy conversion and application. The decentralized energy systems are in the focus because it is expected that they will gain in significance in the course of restructuring and liberalisation of the energy markets and growing commitment to greenhouse gas mitigation. The subjects of the papers are the cogeneration technology in general, and specific systems for combined generation of heat, power and cold,(CHPC systems), systems for renewable energy generation, industrial energy technology, and analysis and optimization of energy systems. The report is intended to serve as a source of guidance and reference for manufacturers and operators of decentralized energy systems, for decision-making on energy policy, and for the energy industry, counselling firms and regulatory/surveillance bodies, and members of universities involved in relevant research and development work. (orig./CB) [German] Themenschwerpunkt des VDI-Berichts sind die dezentralen Energiesysteme, die im Spannungsfeld von fortschreitender Liberalisierung der Energiemaerkte und der Bemuehungen um die Reduzierung von Emissionen an Bedeutung gewinnen. Dabei widmen sich die Beitraege den Systemen zur Kraft-Waerme-Kaelte-Kopplung und zur Nutzung erneuerbarer Energie sowie der industriellen Energietechnik und der Analyse und Optimierung von Energiesystemen. Der Bericht wendet sich an Hersteller und Betreiber dezentraler Energieanlagen, an Entscheidungstraeger aus Politik und Wirtschaft, an Berater und Ueberwachungsinstitutionen sowie an auf diesem Gebiet taetige Hochschullehrer und -mitarbeiter. (orig.)

New enterprises in the energy sector; Existenzgruendungen im Energiesektor

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-07-01

Nordrhein-Westfalen is still Germany's biggest 'power state' but a structural change has come about: Instead of mines and blast furnaces, the focus is now on alternative energy sources. Solar modules are produced in Gelsenkirchen, the first fuel cell powered bus was developed in Marl, and wind rotors are being tested in Grevenbroich. [German] In Nordrhein-Westfalen, dem Energieland Nummer 1, hat sich der Strukturwandel in der Energiewirtschaft inzwischen deutlich bemerkbar gemacht. An die Stelle von Zechen und Hochoefen sind inzwischen viele Firmen erfolgreich am Markt taetig, die sich mit ganz anderen Bereichen der Energieerzeugung, -nutzung und -dienstleistung beschaeftigen. In Gelsenkirchen werden Solarmodule produziert, in Marl wurde der erste Brennstoffzellenbus entwickelt und in Grevenbroich werden Windraeder getestet. (orig.)

Renewable energies 2020. Potential atlas Germany. 2. ed.; Erneuerbare Energien 2020. Potenzialatlas Deutschland

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schmidt, Janine; Muehlenhoff, Joerg

2010-02-15

A future energy policy equally has to pursue environmental protection and climate protection, economic efficiency as well as supply security. Renewable energies substantially contribute to this. In the last decade, the Federal Government of Germany showed that a strong development of renewable energies is possible within a short time. For the year 2020, the industry prognosticates an amount of the renewable energies of 47% at the consumption of electricity, 25% at the heat consumption, and 22% at the fuel consumption in the traffic. The contribution under consideration shows that the surface which is needed for this is small. Depending upon climate, landscape, settlement structure and agrarian structure, each region offers its own different potentials.

Second world renewable energy assembly (WREA) 2007; 2. Weltversammlung fuer Erneuerbare Energien (WREA) 2007

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2007-07-01

Within the Second World Renewable Energy Assembly at 19th to 21st November, 2007, in Bonn (Federal Republic of Germany), the following lectures were held: (1) How to motivate common people, scientists, companies and policy makers for renewable energy (Volker Thomsen); (2) Renewables 2007 Global Status Report (Eric Martinot); (3) Renewable Energy in Africa (Ibrahim Togola); (4) Legislation, the great challenge for renewable energies in Latin America (Mauro Passos); (5) Building Strategic North American Alliances to Maximize the Implementation of Renewable Energy (Jose Etcheverry); (6) Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development (Shi DingHuan); (7) Renewable Energies in EU27 (Wolfgang Palz); (8) The health costs of conventional energies (Susanne Weber-Mosdorf); (9) The need for a EU-wide Moratorium on Incentives for Agrofuels and Imports of Agrofuels (Sergio Oceransky); (10) The nuclear power is no solution (Eike Schwarz); (11) Carbon Trading - a critical conversation on climate change, privatisation and power (Jutta Kil); (12) The culminating energy insecurity (Joerg Schindler); (13) 100 % Renewables Scenarios an Overview (Harry Lehmann); (14) ICLEI's Local Renewables Initiative What local governments can do to promote the generation and use of renewable energy (Monika Zimmermann); (15) 100 % Projects for cities, countries and regions - an overview (Michael Stoehr); (16) Conceptualizing RE Strategies (Heinz-Wolfgang Boehnke); (17) Negawatts and Micropower: The Coming Electrical Revolution (Amory Lovins); (18) Renewable Energies, Sustainability and World Trade - Overcoming the double standard (Doerte Fouquet); (19) Financing strategies for Renewable Energies in Latin America and The Caribbean (Pablo Rosenthal); (20) Overcoming the Double-Standards: Subsidies for Nuclear and Fossil Energy (Doug Koplow); (21) The prepossession of international institutions for energy (Hans-Josef Fell); (22) The bias of the international energy institutions: The case of IAEO (Wolfgang

Second world renewable energy assembly (WREA) 2007; 2. Weltversammlung fuer Erneuerbare Energien (WREA) 2007

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2007-07-01

Within the Second World Renewable Energy Assembly at 19th to 21st November, 2007, in Bonn (Federal Republic of Germany), the following lectures were held: (1) How to motivate common people, scientists, companies and policy makers for renewable energy (Volker Thomsen); (2) Renewables 2007 Global Status Report (Eric Martinot); (3) Renewable Energy in Africa (Ibrahim Togola); (4) Legislation, the great challenge for renewable energies in Latin America (Mauro Passos); (5) Building Strategic North American Alliances to Maximize the Implementation of Renewable Energy (Jose Etcheverry); (6) Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development (Shi DingHuan); (7) Renewable Energies in EU27 (Wolfgang Palz); (8) The health costs of conventional energies (Susanne Weber-Mosdorf); (9) The need for a EU-wide Moratorium on Incentives for Agrofuels and Imports of Agrofuels (Sergio Oceransky); (10) The nuclear power is no solution (Eike Schwarz); (11) Carbon Trading - a critical conversation on climate change, privatisation and power (Jutta Kil); (12) The culminating energy insecurity (Joerg Schindler); (13) 100 % Renewables Scenarios an Overview (Harry Lehmann); (14) ICLEI's Local Renewables Initiative What local governments can do to promote the generation and use of renewable energy (Monika Zimmermann); (15) 100 % Projects for cities, countries and regions - an overview (Michael Stoehr); (16) Conceptualizing RE Strategies (Heinz-Wolfgang Boehnke); (17) Negawatts and Micropower: The Coming Electrical Revolution (Amory Lovins); (18) Renewable Energies, Sustainability and World Trade - Overcoming the double standard (Doerte Fouquet); (19) Financing strategies for Renewable Energies in Latin America and The Caribbean (Pablo Rosenthal); (20) Overcoming the Double-Standards: Subsidies for Nuclear and Fossil Energy (Doug Koplow); (21) The prepossession of international institutions for energy (Hans-Josef Fell); (22) The bias of the international energy institutions: The case of IAEO

Renewable Energy Sources Act and Trading of Emission Certificates: A national and a supranational tool direct energy turnover to renewable electricity-supply in Germany

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kirsten, Selder

2014-01-01

Aim: After the nuclear disaster at Fukushima in 2011, Germany decided to phase out atomic energy, without producing new CO 2 emissions. The article discusses the promotion systems that are used. Scope: The percentage of renewable energies in Germany's electricity consumption increased from 3 in 1990 to 23 in 2012. This development was introduced and guided by a law called Renewable Energy Sources Act. It guarantees a privileged acceptance of electricity and a fixed gratification for 20 years to the operators of regenerative power plants. It allows the operators to install regenerative power plants at a reduced risk. By contrast, the international means for CO 2 reduction is the trading of emission certificates, which is also valid for Germany. The article discusses how the promotion of the Erneuerbar-Energien-Gesetz (EEG) and other plant-based promotion systems fit into this condition. It also elucidates the actual decline of promotion, its problems to the country’s environmental economy and the approach of decentralized photovoltaic (PV) energy plants towards economical efficiency. Conclusions: Germany’s energy turnaround to a regenerative energy supply is characterized by a strong and differentiated promotion system. Substantial efforts have to be made as the percentage of the renewable energy sources has significantly increased but is still under 25%

Energy turnaround in South Africa. Opportunities for investment in renewable energy projects; Energiewende in Suedafrika. Investitionsmoeglichkeiten in erneuerbare Energie-Projekte

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schulz, Thomas; Glenz, Christian [Linklaters LLP, Berlin (Germany)

2012-12-15

South Africa's energy footprint is currently mainly based on fossil fuels. This gives the country access to very inexpensive electricity, but is also associated with high greenhouse gas emissions. The government's policy of inviting tenders for renewable energy projects not only aims at securing the energy supply but also pursues the goal of sustainable, environmentally acceptable growth and of creating incentives for the development of a domestic industry in this sector. To date the country's electricity production rests almost entirely with Escom, a state-owned energy supplier which also operates South Africa's transmission network. In response to this, efforts are now being made to diversify the energy supply system with the participation of new electricity producers. As a result, investment opportunities in the South African energy sector are on the whole becoming increasingly attractive for foreign investors.

German energy market 2017; Deutscher Energiemarkt 2017

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schiffer, Hans-Wilhelm [Weltenergierat - Deutschland, Berlin (Germany). Arbeitsgruppe Energie fuer Deutschland; World Energy Council, London (United Kingdom). World Energy Resources

2018-03-15

The basic orientation of the German energy supply as specified in the energy concept of the Federal Government towards the increased use of renewable energies with simultaneous increase of energy efficiency still determines the market development. In the present case, a current overview of the German energy market 2017 is given, which provides a concentrated compilation of the key figures of the energy industry. As in previous years, the article not only summarizes general facts about the energy mix, but also deals in detail with the development of the individual energy sources oil, natural gas, brown and hard coal, nuclear energy and renewable energies. Furthermore, the price trends are explained on the international markets and inland. An overview of the development of greenhouse gas emissions from 1990 to 2017 concludes the contribution. [German] Die im Energiekonzept der Bundesregierung vorgegebene Grundausrichtung der deutschen Energieversorgung hin zur verstaerkten Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien bei gleichzeitiger Steigerung der Energieeffizienz bestimmt nach wie vor die Marktentwicklung. Vorliegend wird ein aktueller Ueberblick ueber den deutschen Energiemarkt 2017 gegeben, der eine konzentrierte Zusammenstellung der zentralen Eckdaten der Energiewirtschaft leistet. Wie in den Jahren zuvor fasst der Artikel nicht nur allgemeine Fakten zum Energiemix zusammen, sondern geht auch ausfuehrlich auf die Entwicklung der einzelnen Energietraeger Erdoel, Erdgas, Braun und Steinkohle, Kernenergie sowie regenerative Energien ein. Ferner werden die Preistendenzen auf den internationalen Maerkten und im Inland erlaeutert. Eine Uebersicht ueber die Entwicklung der Treibhausgas-Emissionen von 1990 bis 2017 schliesst den Beitrag ab.

German energy market 2016; Deutscher Energiemarkt 2016

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schiffer, Hans-Wilhelm [World Energy Council, London (United Kingdom). World Energy Resources; Weltenergierat, Berlin (Germany). Arbeitsgruppe Energie fuer Deutschland

2017-03-15

The basic orientation of the German energy supply to the increased use of renewable energies, while increasing energy efficiency, is prediscribed by the German government's energy concept and determines the market development. A current overview of the German energy market is given, which provides also this year a concentrated Compilation of the key data of the energy industry. As in the years before, the article not only summarizes general facts about the energy mix, but also goes into detail on the development of the individual energy sources, petroleum, natural gas, brown coal and hard coal, electricity as well as renewable energies. Furthermore, the price trends of international markets and in the domestic market are explained. A current overview of the development of greenhouse gas emissions concludes the contribution. [German] Die im Energiekonzept der Bundesregierung vorgegebene Grundausrichtung der deutschen Energieversorgung hin zur verstaerkten Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien bei gleichzeitiger Steigerung der Energieeffizienz bestimmt die Marktentwicklung. Vorliegend wird ein aktueller Ueberblick ueber den deutschen Energiemarkt gegeben, der auch in diesem Jahr eine konzentrierte Zusammenstellung der zentralen Eckdaten der Energiewirtschaft leistet. Wie in den Jahren zuvor fasst der Artikel nicht nur allgemeine Fakten zum Energiemix zusammen, sondern geht auch ausfuehrlich auf die Entwicklung der einzelnen Energietraeger Erdoel, Erdgas, Braun- und Steinkohle, Elektrizitaet sowie regenerative Energien ein. Ferner werden die Preistendenzen auf den internationalen Maerkten und im Inland erlaeutert. Eine aktuelle Uebersicht ueber die Entwicklung der Treibhausgas-Emissionen schliesst den Beitrag ab.

Feed-in prognoses for renewable forms of energy; Einspeiseprognosen fuer neue erneuerbare Energien - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dierer, S.; Remund, J.; Cattin, R. [METEOTEST, Berne (Switzerland); Koller, T.; Strasser, P. [enersis suisse, Berne (Switzerland)

2010-02-15

This report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) aims at determining the potential of improved feed-in forecasts for new renewable energies (NRE) in Switzerland. The characteristics of the Swiss energy market are considered. Benefits of and potential for improvement are identified and recommendations for additional measures to be taken are given. The authors note that at present the forecast systems for wind energy are quite sophisticated, while there is room for improvement for solar energy and micro hydro unit forecasts. Ways of improving the forecasts are discussed. The business case developed within the framework of this project is to be completed and quantified as soon as data for 2009 is provided by the regulatory body 'swissgrid' and the balance group for renewable energies. The report is completed with recommendations for further work.

Energy report 1995 for Schleswig-Holstein. Situation, focal areas, examples; Energiebericht Schleswig-Holstein 1995. Situation, Schwerpunkte, Beispiele

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1995-09-01

Since 1988 the Land of Schleswig Holstein has been going new ways in its energy policy. Its declared aims are energy saving in heat and electricity supply, efficient energy utilisation, a greater utilisation of renewable energy resources, and, of principal importance, the phase-out of nuclear energy. As the legislative competence of the Laender is very restricted in matters relating to energy, the new policy has primarily been designed as a means of demonstrating by way of example that there actually are considerable potentials for saving energy and that they can be exploited. The present report gives an overview of the results of Schleswig Holstein`s energy policy of the last seven years. (orig./RHM) [Deutsch] Seit 1988 geht das Land Schleswig-Holstein energiepolitisch neue Wege. Das erklaerte Ziel: Energieeinsparung im Waerme- und Strombereich, rationelle Energieverwendung, staerkere Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien. Und grundsaetzlich: Ausstieg aus der Kernenergie. Da die Bundeslaender nur ueber eine sehr eingeschraenkte Gesetzgebungskompetenz im Energiebereich verfuegen, zielte die neue Energiepolitik zunaechst darauf ab, durch Foerderprogramme beispielhaft zu zeigen, dass tatsaechlich erhebliche Einsparpotentiale bestehen und auch umsetzbar sind. Der Bericht gibt einen Ueberblick ueber die Ergebnisse der Energiepolitik der letzten sieben Jahre in Schleswig-Holstein. (orig./RHM)

Little energy dictionary. Vol. 2. Renewable and new sources of energy. Mini-Lex der Energie. Bd. 2. Erneuerbare und neue Energiequellen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lukner, C

1985-01-01

The fact that the fossil fuel resources are limited requires the exploration and use of renewable and new sources of energy. To distinguish between feasible and utopian projects it is necessary to take recourse to secured technical knowledge in the discussion. The author treats 85 important terms used in the energy discussion, e.g. upwind power plants, energy experiments house, solar furnaces, wave power. He uses descriptive popular language.

Land has power. Energy transition an opportunity for rural areas. Documentation; Land unter Strom. Die Energiewende als Chance fuer den laendlichen Raum. Dokumentation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bredenbeck, Martin; Gotzmann, Inge (comps.)

2015-07-01

The energy transition affects the rural areas of Germany in particular. Which Opportunities and risks this brings there shows a new release of Bund Heimat und Umwelt in Deutschland (German heritage and Environmental Foundation (BHU)). The Federation of heritage and civic associations devoted to the question of how to the conventional expansion of renewable energies innovative options can added. Thereby a diversified positioning of energy use, the advancement of historical forms of use and the spatial differentiation are important factors. [German] Die Energiewende betrifft die laendlichen Raeume Deutschlands in besonderem Masse. Welche Chancen und Risiken sie dort bringt, zeigt eine Neuerscheinung des Bund Heimat und Umwelt in Deutschland (BHU). Der Bundesverband der Heimatverbaende, Heimat- und Buergervereine widmet sich der Frage, wie zum konventionellen Ausbau erneuerbarer Energien innovative Optionen hinzutreten koennen. Eine breite Aufstellung von Energienutzungen, die Weiterentwicklung historischer Nutzungsformen und die raeumliche Differenzierung sind dabei wichtige Faktoren.

Integration of renewable energies into the power supply system; Integration erneuerbarer Energien in das Stromversorgungssystem

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Neubarth, Juergen [e3 consult, Innsbruck (Austria)

2011-08-15

In contrast to the record breaking speed with which the German government presented its new energy concept in response to the Fukushima reactor disaster, the practical task of transforming our energy supply system will take decades. One of the greatest challenges involved in the energy turnaround will be that of integrating renewable energies into the power supply system. A holistic analysis and assessment of all aspects involved in this is therefore of utmost importance. Under the focal topic of its new publication ''Energie fuer Deutschland 2011'', Weltenergierat Deutschland e.V. presents a detailed summary of this challenge, thus providing a basis for further discussion. It shows that efficient integration of renewable energies must necessarily involve a combination of systems engineering and organisational measures.

Renewable energy sources in Germany, 1990 through 2007; Erneuerbare Energien in Deutschland 1990 bis 2007

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Boehme, Dieter; Duerrschmidt, Wolfhart (comps.)

2009-11-15

This brochure presents a picture of the rapid development of renewable energy sources in the years between 1990 and 2007. It shows the rapid growth and informs on the importance of renewable energy sources for climate protection. The new CDU/FDP government headed by Angela Merkel stressed its intention to develop the potential of renewable energy sources. Apart from the effect of higher energy efficiency, this will also help Germany to make an ambitious contribution to climate protection world-wide. Renewable energy sources are to provide the biggest share of power supply in the future. By 2020, the EEG (German Renewables Act) envisages at least a 30 percent share for renewable energy sources as an intermediate goal. In the field of heat supply, at least 14 percent are envisaged fro 2020. (orig./RHM)

Success factors for the acceptance of renewable energy production plants; Erfolgsfaktoren fuer die Akzeptanz von Erneuerbare-Energie-Anlagen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Walter, Goetz [Zuerich Univ. (Switzerland). Lehrstuhl Sozialpsychologie; Krauter, Sven; Schwenzer, Andreas [The Advisory House GmbH, Muenchen (Germany)

2011-03-15

The majority of the German population is in support of the expansion of renewable energies. However, when it comes to construction work, project developers often meet with fierce opposition from the local population. One success factor in raising local acceptance of renewable energy production plants lies in planning projects such that citizens' interests and concerns are taken into account and well-conceived means of public participation are provided. Moreover, municipalities themselves can take on a pivotal role by becoming actively involved in the planning and development process and advertising renewable energy as a way towards municipal emancipation. This gives citizens less reasons to make a stand against such projects.

Potential applications for energy from renewable sources in the railway sector; Anwendungsmoeglichkeiten erneuerbarer Energiequellen im Bahnsektor

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Goldenberg, Philipp; Goldenberg, Vladimir; Reppich, Marcus [Hochschule Augsburg (Germany)

2012-07-01

Making use of energy from renewable sources has strategic and security-policy relevance. Since DB AG is a major energy consumer, the use of energy from renewable sources in railway operations will make economic sense in the long run. The railways depend on a very high security of energy supply nationwide. Efficient energy management can help enhance the security of supply to the railways. In addition, there are large potential energy savings to be made in railway operations. Major efforts are required to reach this objective. Using energy from renewable sources and increasing energy efficiency are two indispensable prerequisites for a sustainable energy supply to the railways as well as for increasing their attractiveness. (orig.)

Renewable energies supported by GIS and land management; Erneuerbare Energien unterstuetzt durch GIS und Landmanagement

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Klaerle, Martina (ed.)

2012-11-01

The author of the book under consideration reports on the support of renewable energy sources by Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and land management. The first part of this book is addressed to actual land political and planning legal fundamentals of the energy policy turnaround as well as on future developments of the planning instruments. The second part of this book presents GIS based tools and concrete application examples which are very valuable for regional authorities in the implementation of the energy policy turnaround: solar plant cadastre, holistic potential analysis for all forms of renewable energy systems, visibility studies, flexible power grids and so forth.

Analysis of the electrical energy requirements of the GSI facility

CERN Document Server

Ripp, Christopher

2013-01-01

Die Veränderung auf dem deutschen Energiemarkt durch die Energiewende bringt eine Viel-zahl von Problemen mit sich. Der stetig ansteigende Ausbau von erneuerbaren Energien und die daraus resultierende starke Schwankung der eingespeisten Energiemengen zwingen die Netzbetreiber zum Ausbau der Stromnetze [1]. Die dadurch verursachten Kosten lassen die Netznutzungsgebühren steigen, welche an die Endkunden weitergegeben werden. Ebenfalls stieg die EEG-Umlage (Erneuerbare-Energie-Gesetz) von 3,6ct/kWh im Jahr 2012 über 5,3ct/kWh im Jahr 2013 auf 6,3ct/kWh für das Jahr 2014 [2], [3], [4]. Die extrem schnell steigenden Energiekosten zwingen die Verbraucher zur Erhöhung ihrer Energieeffizienz, um die laufenden Kosten so niedrig wie möglich zu halten [3]. Dies verlangt nach innovativen Ansätzen und Lösungen im unternehmenseigenen Energiemanagement. Besonders For-schungseinrichtungen mit großem Energiebedarf müssen eine höhere Energieeffizienz reali-sieren, um bei knappen Budgets ihrem Forschungsauftrag gerec...

ISEE (InformationsSystem Erneuerbare Energie): Renewable Energy Information System

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Grebe, R.; Koch, H.

1991-01-01

Since the end of 1989 ISET has been operating the title database ISEE. Access to this on-line database may be obtained by any interested party posessing a computer, which is connected to the network of the 'Deutsche TeleCom' by telephone or Datex-P. The command language of ISEE is German. ISET will establish an English version in 1991/1992. In brief attention is paid to the components of the ISEE database, its user groups, the possibilities to access ISEE, and further developments. 3 figs

Structure of energy supply, energy analysis, projections for energy demand development and for emission-reducing energy carrier application in powered vehicles in the district Schmalkalden-Meiningen; Struktur der Energieversorgung, Energieanalysen, Prognosen zur Energiebedarfsentwicklung und zum emissionsmindernden Energietraegereinsatz fuer Kraftfahrzeuge im Landkreis Schmalkalden-Meiningen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Krah, N. [Fachhochschule Schmalkalden (Germany). Fachbereich Maschinenbau

2001-07-01

The present publication is based on facts, data, knowledge and projects, which have been incorporated in the development of an energy concept for the district Schmalkalden-Meiningen. The energy concept of a district is a concept oriented at action on and realisation of mid-term and long term decisions in the fields of energy policy, economy and ecology, which must be taken by municipal and economic decision-making bodies. The energy concept accords with the targets of the Agenda 21, the environmental targets of the Federal Republic of Germany and of the Land Thuringia. Accepting this energy concept the district Schmalkalden-Meiningen shows its willingness to contribute to a lasting development in all fields of economy and ecology and thus does justice to its increasing responsibility. (orig.) [German] Die vorliegende Veroeffentlichung baut auf Fakten, Daten, Erkenntnissen und Projekten auf, die in die Erarbeitung des Energiekonzeptes fuer den Landkreis Schmalkalden-Meiningen eingeflossen sind. Das Energiekonzept eines Landkreises ist ein handlungs- und umsetzungsorientiertes Konzept fuer mittel- und langfristige energiepolitische, wirtschaftliche und oekologische Entscheidungen, die kommunale und wirtschaftliche Entscheidungstraeger zu treffen haben. Es steht im Einklang mit den Zielen der Agenda 21, den Umweltzielen der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und denen des Landes Thueringen. Der Landkreis Schmalkalden-Meiningen hat mit der Annahme dieses Energiekonzeptes seine Bereitschaft dokumentiert, zu einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung in allen oekonomischen und oekologischen Bereichen beizutragen und seiner daraus erwachsenen Verantwortung gerecht zu werden. (orig.)

What contribution can the gas infrastructure make to the energy transition?; Welchen Beitrag kann die Gasinfrastruktur fuer die Energiewende leisten?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bothe, David; Janssen, Matthias; Poel, Sander van der [Frontier Economics, Koeln (Germany); and others

2017-11-15

In the long term, the sector coupling will convert other areas of consumption such as heat and transport to purely renewable energy sources. A model-based analysis of system costs across all stages of the value chain shows that the existing gas infrastructure in particular can make an important contribution to achieving a comprehensive energy turnaround at low cost. Preserving the gas networks in connection with the use of green gas as a further end energy carrier in addition to electricity leads to significantly lower overall costs than a comprehensive electrification of all end applications. This can also help overcome acceptance problems. [German] Mit der Sektorkopplung werden langfristig weitere Verbrauchsbereiche wie Waerme und Verkehr auf rein erneuerbare Energiequellen umgestellt. Eine modellgestuetzte Analyse der Systemkosten ueber alle Wertschoepfungsstufen hinweg zeigt, dass insbesondere die vorhandene Gasinfrastruktur einen wichtigen Beitrag leisten kann, eine umfassende Energiewende kostenguenstig zu erreichen. Ein Erhalt der Gasnetze in Verbindung mit der Nutzung von Gruenem Gas als weiterem Endenergietraeger neben Strom fuehrt zu deutlich niedrigeren Gesamtkosten als eine umfassende Elektrifizierung aller Endanwendungen. Zudem kann dies helfen, Akzeptanzprobleme zu ueberwinden.

UIS Baden-Wuerttemberg. Project AJA. Application of JAVA-based and other efficient solutions in the areas of environment, traffic and administration. Phase V 2004; UIS Baden-Wuerttemberg. Projekt AJA. Anwendung JAVA-basierter und anderer leistungsfaehiger Loesungen in den Bereichen Umwelt, Verkehr und Verwaltung. Phase V 2004

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mayer-Foell, R.; Keitel, A.; Geiger, W. (eds.)

2004-12-01

The application of innovative information technologies can make an important contribution to meet new requirements in many fields. Portal, content, management and integration technologies and new technologies for the web-based and mobile access to information are only a few of these. Development and conservation of the new information and communication systems mostly involve high costs. Increasingly, the funds required cannot be provided by the instances involved which is due to the scarce funds available in the public budgets. Individual developments, on the other hand, would not correspond with requirements of effective using and careful employment of the funds. One important tool which territorial authorities can use in order to meet these challenges is increased cooperation in developing and conserving information systems. In order to support the cooperation within the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg and also with the Federal Government and the other States, the R and D-project AJA (Application of JAVA-based and other efficient solutions in the areas of environment, traffic and administration) was created at the end of 1999. In 2004, the AJA project has started its fifth phase and will be completed with it. This report is the project documentation of phase V of AJA in 2004. It contains the duties and results of the 19 R and D activities. [German] Die Anforderungen an die Erfassung, Aufbereitung und Bereitstellung von Daten und Informationen in den Bereichen Umwelt, Verkehr und Verwaltung haben sich in den letzten Jahren deutlich erhoeht, und es ist absehbar, dass sie auch in den naechsten Jahren weiter steigen werden. Beispiele sind hier die erweiterten Verpflichtungen, die aus der neuen Europaeischen Richtlinie fuer den Zugang der Oeffentlichkeit zu Umweltinformationen und den geplanten Umweltinformationsgesetzen (UIG) des Bundes und der Laender herruehren, sowie die Erfordernisse aus der Europaeischen Wasserrahmenrichtlinie. Ausserdem fuehrt in mehreren

The macro economic relevance of renewable energy sources for Switzerland; Volkswirtschaftliche Bedeutung erneuerbarer Energien fuer die Schweiz

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nathani, C.; Schmid, C.; Rieser, A.; Ruetter, H. [Ruetter und Partner, Rueschlikon (Switzerland); Bernath, K.; Felten, N. von [Ernst Basler und Partner, Zollikon (Switzerland); Walz, R.; Marscheider-Weidemann, F. [Fraunhofer Institut fuer System- und Innovationsforschung, Karlsruhe (Germany)

2013-01-15

This study analyses the economic relevance of renewable energy in Switzerland. In 2010 the enterprises in the renewable energy sector generated a gross value added of 4.8 bn CHF (equalling 0.9% of Swiss GDP). Employment in this sector approximated 22,800 fulltime jobs (0.6% of total Swiss employment). Including supply chain companies, 1.5% of Swiss GDP and 1.2% of total employment can be related to the use of renewable energy. Exports of renewable energy related goods and services equalled 3.2 bn CHF. Since 2000 the Swiss renewable energy sector has experienced an above-average annual growth of more than 4%. Its potential development until the year 2020 was studied with two scenarios. In the policy scenario, that assumes additional policy measures for renewable energy promotion, direct value added of the renewable energy sector would amount to 6.4 bn CHF (+33%), direct employment would increase to 29,200 fulltime jobs (+28%, gross effects resp.). In the more conservative baseline scenario, growth would be much weaker, but still slightly stronger than anticipated for the average economy. (authors)

Cooperation of research and economy for renewable energies and energy efficiency. Contributions; Zusammenarbeit von Forschung und Wirtschaft fuer Erneuerbare Energien und Energieeffizienz. Beitraege

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Szczepanski, Petra; Wunschick, Franziska; Martin, Niklas [comps.

2013-04-15

The following topics were dealt with: Energy efficiency as driver of economy, green economy, system techniques for photovoltaics and decentral energy systems, energy research at Bosch, portfolio of possible kinds of cooperation of the FVEE-member institutes with industry, efficiency potentials by the new main energy carriers sun and wind, renewable energies and energy efficiency, photovoltaics technology centers for the advanced technology transfer from institutes to the PV industry, thin-film photovoltaics, offshore wind energy and sea energy usage, research requirement at the future rotor, the status of the energy transformation process from the view of the FVEE, geothermal heat supply of metropoles on the example of Berlin, challenges in the research for low-temperature solar thermal energy, efficient refrigeration techniques and solar cooling, suitedness of combined heat and power and heat pumps for the balance of the fluctuating electric-power supply, key role of the current nets in the further decarbonization of the electric-power supply, new battery systems between research and application, the use of biomethane, water electrolysis and regenerative gases as key factors for the energy-system transformation, thermal energy storage, future energy.optimized buildings, energy concepts for cities and region, bridging the information gap on energy efficiency in buildings, integration of electromobiles in the Smart Grid. (HSI)

Renewable energy in district heating grids. A realistic perspective?; Erneuerbare Energien in Waermenetzen. Eine realistische Perspektive?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bruns, Elke [Technische Univ. Berlin (Germany). Inst. fuer Landschaftsarchitektur und Umweltplanung; Futterlieb, Matthias; Ohlhorst, Doerte [Technische Univ. Berlin (Germany). Zentrum Technik und Gesellschaft (ZTG); Wenzel, Bernd [Ingenieurbuero fuer neue Energie (IfnE), Teltow (Germany)

2012-09-15

The heating sector holds high potentials for cutting CO{sub 2} emissions by using renewable energy. These potentials can be tapped either by substituting fossil fuels in individual heating units or by using renewable energy in district heating networks, which may be more efficient. This paper asks for the options to increase the share of renewable energy in Germany's district heating infrastructure and for the restrictions that are hampering further development in this field. It critically discusses the relevant technical, political and economic challenges and determinants. District heating networks fuelled by renewable energy are not only competing with fossil fuels in individual heating units. They are also facing the more fundamental question regarding the preconditions for a profitable and worthwhile operation of grid-bound heat supply. The economic viability of heat grids has to be analyzed on a case-by-case basis, since it depends predominantly on individual framework conditions. Those include a decreasing heat demand due to improving energy performance of buildings, competing gas grids already in place and the complex interest structures of the actors involved. The growth rates that were observed in the last years were predominantly achieved in small renewably fuelled district heating networks. Even under favourable framework conditions, there is a need for additional supportive measures to increase the share of renewable energy in district heating grids. This mix of policy instruments should encompass measures to increase the implementation rates of municipal heat utilization concepts, measures to decrease the initial investments needed, as well as public relations to improve the user perception of grid-bound heat supply. However, the options to increase the share of renewable heat in existing large-scale grids are considered to be rather limited. (orig.)

Power supply in future: ecological aspects; Kuenftige Stromversorgung: Oekologische Aspekte

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hustedt, M.

2000-06-01

The most important prerequisites for an ecological supply of energy in the future is the opting out of nuclear energy and the completion of the second and third phase of the socio-ecological tax reform. As a part of our energy will continue to be generated on the basis of fossil fuels in the foreseeable future, it is essential that a radical change takes place in the efficiency of fossil energy engineering. In addition to this, any possible energy-saving potential must be exploited; this includes the new energy-saving law, promoting the modernisation of old buildings and modern energy management (heat insulation, heating engineering, warm water heating etc.). For an ecological power supply the share of renewable energies must be increased to form a major pillar of our power supply. The '100,000-roof' programme of the German federal government and the development programme for near-market renewable energy sources form part of this approach. Energy research should shift its orientation and accelerate the conversion of our power supply: priority should be given to developing energy-saving technologies and renewable energy. Supporting municipalities and public utilities is especially important. This means revising the basic conditions of energy laws so that they assist public utilities to face competition as power utilities. (orig.) [German] Wichtigste Voraussetzung fuer eine kuenftige oekologische Stromversorgung sind der Ausstieg aus der Atomenergie sowie die Vollendung der zweiten und dritten Stufe der oekologisch-sozialen Steuerreform. Da in absehbarer Zeit ein Teil der Energieerzeugung weiterhin auf Basis fossiler Energietraeger erfolgen wird, ist eine Effizienzrevolution bei den fossilen Energietechnologien notwendig. Darueber hinaus muessen die erschliessbaren Energieeinsparpotentiale genutzt werden; dazu gehoeren die neue Energiesparverordnung, die Foerderung der Altbausanierung sowie ein modernes Energiemanagement (Waermedaemmung

Saving electrical energy in a saw-mill; Einsparung von elektrischer Energie in einem Saegereibetrieb. Stromeinsparungen in den Bereichen Holzbearbeitung, Foerdertechnik, Holztrocknung, Absauganlagen, Druckluft, Beleuchtung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wyrsch, I. [Wyrsch Technologies, Kuessnacht am Rigi (Switzerland); Dolder, M. [Ingenieurbuero Dolder, Luzern (Switzerland)

2005-01-15

This comprehensive, illustrated report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) presents the findings of a project that examined the electricity consumption of saw-mills and ways in which the amount of electrical power used in such facilities could be reduced. The Schilliger Holz AG company was taken as an example of a saw-mill in Switzerland. Its power consumption in 2001 was almost 6 gigawatt-hours. The work done in the two phases of the project is described and commented on. The first phase involved the measurement and analysis of power consumption; in the second phase measures to be taken to help save energy were developed. The various machinery and installations in this saw mill are described. These include various systems for the processing of the raw timber through to finished products that include wood for building, decoration and laminates. Measurement data is presented and commented on. Potentials for saving electricity and measures to be taken are described in detail for the various processing plants in the saw-mill.

Renewable energy in the tourism sector - For example at campgrounds; Erneuerbare Energien im Tourismussektor am Beispiel von Campingplaetzen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Walter, M. [ECOCAMPING e.V., Konstanz (Germany)

2006-07-01

Summary: The lecture deals with the use of renewable energies in the tourism sector e.g. at campgrounds. At campsites solar energy is mainly used to heat water and to supplement conventional heating; the production of solar energy, however, is rather the exception. Also wood as energy source is increasingly used at campsites whilst wind energy is a marginal source as considerable noise or shadow of the wind power plants would scare away holiday makers. Environmentally conscious tourist facilities additionally purchase 'green energy' to improve their climatic balance. CO{sub 2} emissions can be reduced through the use of biodiesel or vegetal oil as an engine fuel in in-house vehicles. (orig.)

Potential of renewable energy in large fossil-fuelled boilers; Potential erneuerbarer Energien in groesseren fossilen Feuerungen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dettli, R.; Baur, M.; Philippen, D. [Econcept AG, Zuerich (Switzerland); Kernen, M. [Planair SA, La Sagne (Switzerland)

2007-01-15

This comprehensive final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) presents the findings of a project that examined large heat generation systems used in Switzerland for the supply of heating services to several buildings via small and large district heating systems. Focus is placed on those using fossil fuels and the potential of using combined heat and power plants and renewable forms of energy such as heat-pumps and boilers fired with wood-chippings. The study was also extended to other large-scale, fossil-fuelled heating installations. The report discusses the setting up of a data base, the assessment of the potentials for fuel substitution, the economic viability of wood-fired systems and heat-pumps and the analysis of various factors that can obstruct the use of systems employing renewable forms of energy. Around 20 owners of large installations were interviewed on the subject. Strategic planning, studies, putting to tender, realisation and operation aspects are reviewed.

7. Kassel symposium on energy systems technology: Renewable energy sources and efficient utilization of energy; 7. Kasseler Symposium Energie-Systemtechnik: Erneuerbare Energien und rationelle Energieverwendung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Caselitz, P. (comp.)

2002-07-01

This proceedings volume comprises 17 papers on the following subjects: Methane hydrates, compounds of gas and water; Compressed air stroage gas turbine power plants / Scheduled application for load levelling between varying wind power production and power demand; Modern pumped storage power stations in the GW range - the PSW Goldisthal example; Lead batteries - new developments and future applications; Alkaline battery systems for hybrid electric road vehicles; Lighium systems and their applications; Zinc/air cells; Hydrogen storage - metal hydride storage, compressed gas storage, LNG storage; Carbon nanofibres for hydrogen storage; Double-layer condensers - technology, cost, perslpectives; Supercondensers in motor vehicles; Superconducting magnetic energy stores; Flywheel storage - status report; Decentralized energy storage in the European integrated supply grid - the EU project DISPOWER; Intercontinental integration of power supply - perspectives of full-scale power supply on the basis of renewable energy sources in Europe; High-volgate direct-current transmission in the European power suppply grid; Superconductivity and energy transport - status and perspectives. [German] Dieser Tagungsband enthaelt 17 Vortraege mit folgenden Themen: Methanhydrate: Verbindung aus Gas und Wasser (Erwin Suess); Druckluftspeicher-Gasturbinen-Kraftwerke / Geplanter Einsatz beim Ausgleich flukturierender Windenergie-Produktion und aktuellem Strombedarf (Fritz Crotogino); Moderne Pumpspeicherwerke im Gigawattbereich - PSW Goldisthal (Wolfgang Bogenrieder); Bleibatterien - neue Entwicklungen und zukuenftige Einsatzbereiche (Reiner Wagner); Alkalische Batteriesysteme fuer Hybrid-Elektrostrassenfahrzeuge (Detlef Ohms, Gunter Schaedlich); Lithiumsysteme - Einsatzbereiche (Dietmar Rahner); Zink/Luft-Zellen (Michael Bruesewitz); Wasserstoffspeicher - Metallhydridspeicher, Druckgasspeicher, Fluessiggasspeicher (Andreas Otto); Kohlenstoff-Nanofasern zur Wasserstoffspeicherung (Juergen Garche

Green gas as motor of the energy transition. Renaissance for feeding biomethane into the gas network?; Gruengas als Motor der Energiewende. Renaissance fuer die Einspeisung von Biomethan ins Gasnetz?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bahke, Ralph

2017-04-15

The energy transition is stagnating and needs urgently new impulses. This could be obtained by regenerative gases. Years of experience and studies have shown that biomethane and other regenerative gases, as well as the power-to-gas technology in cooperation with a sector coupling which is a connection of the infrastructures of natural gas, electric power, heat and mobility, could be the missing link, and therefore the new driver of the energy transition. As only 24/7 available renewable energy source with expandable capacities, green gas thereby plays a key role. [German] Die Energiewende ist ins Stocken geraten und braucht dringend neue Impulse. Diese koennte sie durch regenerative Gase bekommen. Jahrelange Erfahrungen und Studien belegen, dass Biomethan und andere Regenerativgase sowie die Power-to-Gas-Technologie im Zusammenwirken mit einer Sektorkopplung, in der die Infrastrukturen von Gas, Strom, Waerme und Mobilitaet verbunden werden, das fehlende Glied und damit der neue Treiber der Energiewende sein koennten. Als einzige 24/7 verfuegbare erneuerbare Energiequelle mit ausbaufaehigen Kapazitaeten kommt Gruengas dabei eine Schluesselrolle zu.

Long-term transition to power/hydrogen energy system based on regenerative energy sources. Langfristiger Uebergang zum Strom/Wasserstoff-Energiesystem auf der Basis erneuerbarer Energiequellen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wurster, R

1989-01-01

If we mean to secure the future of this planet in its present state we shall have to reduce drastically the emissions of trace gases influencing our climate like CO/sub 2/, CH/sub 4/, FCHC, ozone, N/sub 2/O and stratospheric H/sub 2/O. CO/sub -/neutral energy sources in clude nuclear energy and regenerative energies (solar, wind, water, biomass, tidal energy). These energy sources provide energy carriers in terms of electricity, heat, biofuels, synthesis gas and hydrogen. The author discusses the power/hydrogen energy system, electrolytic generation of hydrogen and its capacity for storage and transport from sunny solar-energy utilization areas (Central Africa). Hydrogen can then be used in drive systems, power generation (power stations) and for space heating and process heat. The author discusses its profitability and underlines the fact that hydrogen will figure in the energy economy of the future. (HWJ).

Swiss statistics on renewable energy - Biogas - Partial statistics for 2001; Schweizerische Statistik erneuerbarer Energietraeger

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Engeli, H.

2000-07-01

This report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy presents comprehensive statistics on biogas installations for the year 2001. Data is presented on biogas installations on farms and in industry, in wastewater treatment facilities. Also, data is given on biogenic wastes and co-fermentation. Summaries are presented in table form of biogas production per installation category and the use of the biogas for the production of heat and electrical power. Also, figures are given on the production of biofuels. Development trends in the various areas of biogas production are reviewed and an example of a fermentation installation is briefly described.

Approaches for the financing of renewable energy in Europe; Finanzierungsansaetze fuer erneuerbare Energien in Europa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schwer, P.; Kornmann-Wimmer, K

2007-06-15

This report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) examines financing instruments that are already available in selected European countries and which could also be adapted for use in Switzerland, too. The study is limited to European countries that are comparable with Switzerland in terms of size, geography and gross national product. Further limitations are investment volumes of under 20 million Euro/project and the consideration of only those technologies concerned with the production of electrical power. Thus, the report considers biogas, solar, geothermal and small-hydro technologies in France, Austria, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Norway, Belgium and Switzerland. External and internal financing is considered as well as mezzanine capital. Varying taxation in the various countries is looked at as is the contracting/leasing situation and subsidies available for renewable energy projects. Risk management is discussed. Finally, the transferability of the various financing instruments to Switzerland is examined. Suggestions are made on how small and medium-sized enterprises can be supported in an active and growing Swiss market.

Hydrogen as a clean energy option; Option Wasserstoff als sauberer Energietraeger

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Newi, G. [Consulectra Unternehmensberatung GmbH, Hamburg (Germany)

1998-06-01

Many visionary action programmes are based on the conviction that hydrogen produced from renewable, environmentally sustainable resources is the chemical energy carrier of the future. In Hamburg there have been various pilot projects over the past ten years which deal explicitly with problems of infrastructure relating to the integration of renewable energy sources in the existing energy supply. One such example is the fuel cell block heating station in Hamburg Behrenfeld which has been supplying residential buildings for some time now. Another is a practice-oriented pilot project involving a hydrogen-fuelled PAFC with 220 kW thermal and 200 kW electrical power output. The hydrogen is supplied by a 60 m-3 LH{sub 2} tank, the first of its kind to be approved by the authorities and accepted by the public. [Deutsch] Viele visionaere Aktionsprogramme sehen aus dauerhaft umweltvertraeglichen Quellen erzeugten Wasserstoff als chemischen Energietraeger der Zukunft. In Hamburg gibt es seit rd. 10 Jahren verschiedene Pilotprojekte, die sich insbesondere mit Fragen der Infrastruktur zur Integration erneuerbarer Energiequellen in die bestehende Energieversorgung befassen. Ein Beispiel ist das in Hamburg-Behrenfeld seit einiger Zeit betriebene Brennstoffzellen-Blockheizkraftwerk zur Versorgung von Wohngebaeuden. Als praxisbezogenes Pilotprojekt wird u.a. eine H{sub 2}-versorgte PAFC mit 220 kW thermischer und 200 kW elektrischer Leistung betrieben. Die Wasserstoffversorgung aus einem oberirdischen 60 m{sup 3} LH{sub 2}-Tank wurde erstmals in dieser Anwendungsform behoerdlich genehmigt und von der Oeffentlichkeit akzeptiert. (orig./MSK)

The expansion of electricity generation from renewable energies in Germany

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Buesgen, Uwe; Duerrschmidt, Wolfhart

2009-01-01

The expansion of electricity generation from renewable sources in Germany is promoted by the Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz (EEG), which was last amended in June 2008. In a review of the EEG the political parameters, the progress achieved, and the impacts of the Act itself are set out. This Progress Report addresses cross-sectoral aspects, notably CO 2 emissions reduction, job creation, investment and turnover in the renewables industry, and that industry's prospects for the future. Trends in the individual renewables sectors are described and policy recommendations formulated, as appropriate, on this basis. The policy recommendations have been incorporated into the new EEG from 6 June 2008. The overarching goal of the new EEG is to achieve a renewables share of at least 30% in Germany's electricity consumption in 2020. This underlines the need for radical modernisation of the energy system as a whole. This article presents an overview of the content of the Progress Report and supplements it with current statistical data and research findings contained in other publications from the Federal Ministry for the Environment (BMU). It also highlights the points on which the new EEG diverges from the policy recommendations contained in the Progress Report.

Integration of renewable energies in the electricity market; Integration erneuerbarer Energien in den Strommarkt

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schwarz, Eike

2014-08-15

Capacity markets such as the decentralised performance market as demanded by the electricity economy put wind power and photovoltaic plants at a disadvantage. The author therefore argues against the establishment of a capacity market and in favour of making better use of the electricity market's already existing significant potential for further development, specifically through: flexibilisation of exchange electricity markets, closer coupling between exchange electricity markets and control energy markets, and incorporation of electricity consumers into the market mechanism. This would at the same time serve to meet a decisive prerequisite for a smooth transition from today's to tomorrow's electricity supply, and that is a single electricity market for conventional power plants as well as electricity production plants fuelled with renewable resources, whether or not entailing fuel costs, in which all types of plants compete with each other on a level playing field. If a capacity market should prove necessary after all in a few years, it can still be set up. Safeguarding security of supply is of vital importance for both the economy and society at large. For emergencies a strategic reserve with a capacity of several GW should therefore be created, and the Ordinance on Reserve Power Plants should be amended to this effect. The establishment by the Renewable Energy Law of 2014 of an obligation of direct marketing for wind power and photovoltaic plants appears to have been premature considering the deficits of the electricity market and the large fleet of inflexible conventional power plants. What is needed now is a near-term flexibilisation of the electricity market and reform of the CO{sub 2} emissions trading scheme.

Program energy research and energy technologies. Annual report 1987. Fossil energy carriers, renewable energy sources, efficient use of energy. Programm Energieforschung und Energietechnologien. Jahresbericht 1987. Fossile Energietraeger, erneuerbare Energiequellen, rationelle Energieverwendung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1988-01-01

After a general introduction and a short overview of financial contributions in 1987 there is a description of the projects sponsored. The main section contains project descriptions of the partial programmes Fossil Energy Carriers, Renewable Energy Sources and Efficient Use of Energy. The ordering of the wide-ranging material is carried out essentially via two indices: the index of project numbers and the index of companies. Then an overview is given of final reports published in 1987. A list of 1987 patents forms the final section.

15th Kassel symposium energy systems technology. Renewable energy sources and E-mobility. Proceedings; 15. Kasseler Symposium Energie-Systemtechnik. Erneuerbare Energien und E-Mobilitaet. Tagungsband

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2010-07-01

Within the 15th Kassel symposium of power system engineering from 23th to 24th September, 2010, in Kassel (Federal Republic of Germany) the following lectures were held: (1) Transformation of energy systems and electromobility (Juergen Schmid); (2) Electromobility and renewable energies - scenarios and perspectives (Michael Weinhold); (3) Fraunhofer systems research electromobility (Ulrich Buller); (4) Renewable energies and electromobility - research promotion of the BMU (Alexander Folz); (5) Lithium ion batteries - a key component for electric vehicles (Klaus Brandt); (6) Virtual batteries and electromobility (Peter Caselitz); (7) Integration of electric vehicles into the grid - grid-to-vehicle (Zbigeniew Styczynski); (8) Intelligent grid interfaces for electric vehicles (Ulrich Reker); (9) Contactless grid connection of electric vehicles (Ulrich Reker); (10) Current converters for electric vehicles (Peter Zacharias); (11) Vehicle to grid communication interface (Joerg Heuer); (12) Business models electromobility (Anke Weidlich); (13) Hydrogen and electromobility - a future model? (Hubert Landinger).

Renewable energies and climate protection. Background information - methodologies - facility planning - economic ananlysis; Erneuerbare Energien und Klimaschutz. Hintergruende - Techniken - Anlagenplanung - Wirtschaftlichkeit

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Quaschning, V. [Fachhochschule fuer Technik und Wirtschaft, Berlin (Germany)

2008-07-01

The book covers the following topics: energy demand; possibility of a climate collapse; from wastage of energy to energy saving and carbon dioxide reduction,; carbon dioxide-free energy supply - vision or utopia? photovoltaics, energy from sand; solar thermal energy - thermal comfort using sunlight; solar power plants - even more power from the sun; wind power plants; hydropower stations; geothermal power; heat pumps; biomass - energy from nature; hydrogen systems and fuel cells; examples for a sustainable energy supply.

Support compass energy. BINE database. Support programs for energy saving measures and renewable energies; Foerderkompass Energie. Eine BINE-Datenbank. Foerderprogramme fuer Energie sparende Massnahmen und erneuerbare Energien

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2006-07-01

With respect to energy saving measures and renewable energies, BINE Informationsdienst (Bonn, Federal Republic of Germany) presents a database with a comprehensive description of supply information. These information are fast in access, available at any time and up to date by an internet actualization service. The database contains: (a) actual support programs for private, commercial and institutional investors; (b) support conditions and references to the filling of an application; (c) filling of an application, sheets of instruction, original texts of the regulations, addresses, internet links; (d) information with respect to the ability of accumulation of different support programs. The functions of the database under consideration are: (a) comfortable search according to projects and target group; (b) daily actualization service via internet; (c) assumption and processing of the results in usual office applications; (d) printout of all results of search, individually or completely; (e) fast overview of all changes of the last four weeks. The advantages are: time-saving fast search; actual and carefully inquired knowledge as well as adhoc availability on your personal computer.

EU development strategy for renewable energies - How is it outlined?; EU-Ausbaustrategie fuer Erneuerbare Energien - wie wird sie konzipiert?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rothe, M. [Europaeische Sonnenergie-Vereinigung EUROSOLAR e.V., Bonn (Germany). Sektion Deutschland

2008-07-01

On 23rd January, 2008, the European Commission submitted its package to the climatic and energy policy. Beside the parliamentary bills for the reduction of the greenhouse gas emissions, a central component of this package is the parliamentary bill for the development of renewable energies in Europe. As a consequence, the race around the finite energy sources is intensified, and the dependence from imports will increase dramatically. Under this aspect, the author of the contribution under consideration reports on development strategies of the European Union for renewable energies. The guideline proposal, submitted at 23rd January, 2008, plans that the member states of the European Union transfer their ''origin certificates'' for electricity, thermal energy and coldness from renewable energies only to another country, if they achieved their respective intermediate objective. Additionally, the member states have to decide whether they participate at the certificate trade or not.

Campaigns for renewable energy - the evaluation of 'Solar-na klar.' and a framework concept for new campaigns; Kampagnen fuer erneuerbare Energien - Die Evaluation von 'Solar-na klar.' und Empfehlungen fuer neue Kampagnen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Duscha, M.; Schuele, R.; Gross, D.; Lambrecht, K.; Lucius, W.; Johansson, J.; Rieder, S.

2002-04-01

, localized relevant target groups and condensed recent image studies about renewable energies in Germany. As a result, the report details the main elements and conditions that are necessary for campaigns that cover all types of renewable energies, such campaigns are supported in principal by all stakeholder groups. (orig.) [German] (a) Die Kampagne 'Solar - na klar.' unterstuetzt seit 1999 eine verstaerkte Verbreitung von solarthermischen Anlagen durch vielfaeltige Oeffentlichkeitsarbeit und Dienstleistungen. Die Evaluation der Kampagne kam bezueglich der externen Wirkungen zu ueberwiegend positiven Ergebnissen: Die zentralen Zielgruppen, Handwerker und der Ein-/Zweifamilienhausbesitzer, wurden durch die Kampagne gut erreicht und mit gutem Informationsmaterial angesprochen. Darueber hinaus schaetzte ca. ein Viertel der Haushalte, die eine solarthermische Anlage installierten, den Einfluss der Kampagne eher hoch ein. Allerdings vermissten die Haushalte zum Teil weiterfuehrende Informationen. Auch die befragten Handwerker aeusserten eine relativ grosse Zufriedenheit mit der Kampagne. Sie nutzten die bereitgestellten Informationsmaterialien der Kampagne jedoch nur sehr selten. Die Evaluation der internen Grundlagen und Prozesse fuehrt zu ambivalenten Ergebnissen: Beispielsweise ist es der Kampagne auf der einen Seite gelungen, eine breite und heterogene Traegerschaft zu gewinnen und flexibel auf aeussere Anforderungen zu reagieren. Auf der anderen Seite stellten sich Probleme in der Steuerung und im Konfliktmanagement ein. Hierzu trugen u.a. eine nicht ausreichend integrierte Projektplanung sowie strukturelle Unterschiede zwischen den Partnern bei. Die Evaluation muendet in der zentralen Empfehlung, die Kampagne in modififizierter Form fortzusetzen. Verbesserungsmoeglichkeiten sehen die Evaluatoren u.a. in der verstaerkten Einbindung regionaler Aktvitaeten. (b) Als Grundlage fuer die Empfehlungen fuer weitere Kampagnen fuer erneuerbare Energien analysierte das ifeu

Hydrogen and fuel cells. Energy technology without emissions and with high efficiency; Wasserstoff und Brennstoffzellen. Energietechnologie ohne Emissionen und mit hoher Effizienz

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2009-11-15

In what manner are the fuel cell technology, hydrogen production from renewable energy sources, and reduced CO2 emissions connected, and what are the consequences for the German state of Hessen? This document informs on the available types fo fuel cells, the role of hydrogen as a secondary energy source in the context of the future ''power-from-renewables'' scenario, electromobility and fuel cells, and the activities of the German state of Hessen in this sector (''H2BZ-Initiative Hessen''). The publication also contains important facts on power and emissions as well as exemplary projects of communities, the power industry, and private partners in Hessen. [German] Wie haengen Brennstoffzellentechnologie, Wasserstoffgewinnung durch erneuerbare Energien und die Reduzierung des CO2-Ausstosses zusammen, und welche Konsequenzen ergeben sich daraus fuer Hessen? Welche Arten von Brennstoffzellen es gibt, welche Rolle Wasserstoff als Sekundaerenergietraeger bei der Nutzung von erneuerbaren Energien in Zukunft spielen kann, was das Thema Elektromobilitaet mit der Brennstoffzelle zu tun hat, wie und warum sich das Land Hessen und die Wasserstoff- und Brennstoffzellen-Initiative Hessen - kurz H2BZ-Initiative Hessen - fuer die Akteure in diesen Branchen stark machen, erfaehrt man in diesem Dokument. Dazu findet man wichtige Fakten zum Thema Energie und Emissionen sowie beispielhafte Projekte hessischer Akteure.

SEEMLA: 'Filling the gap' - The Future of bioenergy in the EU and the role of biomass from marginal lands

Science.gov (United States)

Baumgarten, Wibke; Kerckow, Birger

2017-04-01

The main objective of the H2020 funded EU project SEEMLA is the establishment of suitable innovative land-use strategies for a sustainable production of plant-based energy on marginal lands while improving general ecosystem services. In the context of the German Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG, Erneuerbare Energien Gesetz) and the European Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) a concept should be developed with SEEMLA for a sustainable use of domestic biomass in order to be able to 'fill the gap' of the future demand in renewable resources as an energy source till 2050. The project partner countries are Italy, the Ukraine and Greece besides Germany.

The fermentation technology in biological waste treatment; Die Vergaerungstechnologie bei der biologischen Abfallbehandlung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Baumann, Torsten [STRABAG Umweltanlagen GmbH, Dresden (Germany)

2012-11-01

Anaerobic treatment of organic waste is getting increasingly important, and there is also increasing acceptance for combining waste management with power generation. Anaerobic processes have long been competing with composting of native organic waste materials. While they are technically more complex, they have advantages over composting. They are climate-neutral with regard to CO{sub 2} emissions. This supports the intention of the German government, i.e. to reduce climate-relevant gaseous emissions by 40% by 2020 as compared to 1990, and to have a 35% share of renewable energy sources in electric power supply by 2020. The German Renewables Act (EEG) provided a basis for the establishment and further development of fermentation technology since 2004. (orig.) [German] Die anaerobe Behandlung von organischen Abfaellen gewinnt immer mehr an Bedeutung. Die Entsorgungsaufgabe mit der Erzeugung von Energie zu verbinden wird dabei zunehmend akzeptiert. Vergaerungsverfahren lagen dabei lange Zeit im wirtschaftlichen Wettbewerb zur Kompostierung von nativ-organischen Abfaellen. Anaerobe Verfahren sind technisch aufwendiger, haben jedoch gegenueber der Kompostierung deutliche Vorteile. Sie arbeiten bezueglich der CO{sub 2}-Emissionen klimaneutral. Dies unterstuetzt die Vorgabe der Bundesregierung bis 2020 die treibhausrelevanten Gase gegenueber 1990 um 40% zu reduzieren sowie bis 2020 35% der Stromversorgung durch erneuerbare Energien bereitzustellen. Das Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz (EEG) hat seit 2004 die Etablierung und Weiterentwicklung der Vergaerungstechnologie dabei wesentlich gepraegt. (orig.)

Funding of renewable energy sources in the deregulated German electricity market; Foerderung erneuerbarer Energien im liberalisierten deutschen Strommarkt

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wawer, T.

2007-12-14

This study intends to develop an efficient market design for the German electricity market, with particular regard to renewable energy sources. The German electricity market is disintegrated, i.e. market sectors are not coordinated by a central agency but by their own interactions. The first part of the investigation analyzes the interdependences of market sectors, while the second part will analyze funding instruments for renewable energy sources on this basis. (orig.)

Efficient integration of renewable energies in the German electricity market; Effiziente Integration erneuerbarer Energien in den deutschen Elektrizitaetsmarkt

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nabe, C.A.

2006-07-01

Liberalisation of the electricity sector aims to carry out coordination tasks within the system by markets and market prices. This study examines how markets need to be designed to carry out coordination tasks caused by integration of renewable energies in an efficient way. This question is applied to the German electricity system and recommendations are derived from identified deficits. The examination uses the structure-conduct-performance approach of industrial organisation economics. Integration of renewable energies does not result in entirely new coordination tasks but complicates those that exist in any electricity supply system. Within the short-term coordination tasks provision and operation of reserve capacity is affected by renewable energies. Long-term coordination means that the relation between fixed and variable costs of generators as well as generator flexibility has to be adjusted to the characteristics of renewable energies. The relevant short-term coordination task with the network is congestion management. In the long run costs of grid expansion and permanent congestion management have to be balanced. For the execution of short-run coordination tasks integrated and centralised market architectures are superior to decentralised architectures. The increase of short-term coordination tasks due to renewable energies caused by inflexibilities of consumers and conventional generators results in more information that has to be considered. By centralising that information in one market, an increase in productive efficiency can be obtained. In Germany the increased coordination tasks are determined by the integration of wind generators into the electricity system. The present German market architecture results in inefficiencies in short-term coordination. This is demonstrated by an analysis of procedural rules and prices of the ancillary service markets. They demonstrate that market performance is low and significant deviations from competitive prices

Construction and environmental aspects of hydroelectric power stations; Bauliche Gestaltung und Umweltaspekte von Wasserkraftanlagen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Giesecke, J. [Stuttgart Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Wasserbau

1997-12-31

In terms of environmental-friendliness, inexhaustibility, availability, non-pollution and cost conditions, hydro power is the most obvious renewable energy source. Harnessing of hydro power does interfere with nature. But there are ways of reconciling economic and ecological concerns. (orig.) [Deutsch] Im Hinblick auf Umweltfreundlichkeit, Unerschoepflichkeit, Verfuegbarkeit, Schadstofffreiheit und Kostenlage stellt die Wasserkraft die vorrangige erneuerbare Energiequelle dar. Ihre Nutzung fuehrt zu Eingriffen in die Natur. Es gibt jedoch Wege, die Belange der Oekonomie und der Oekologie ausgewogen aufeinander abzustimmen. (orig.)

Renewable energy from wind and sun. Status quo and development perspectives at the global level; Erneuerbare Energie aus Sonne und Wind. Status quo und Entwicklungsperspektiven weltweit

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Graichen, Patrick; Grotewold, Lars [Agora Energiewende, Berlin (Germany); Kordowski, Klaus; Wesemann, Philipp [Stiftung Mercator, Essen (Germany)

2015-01-15

The global market for renewable energy technologies has experienced strong growth since the year 2000. In 2013 newly installed electricity production plants based on renewable energy for the first time outnumbered the aggregate of newly installed plants based on coal, gas or nuclear energy. In more and more parts of the world, wind and solar energy plants are becoming the most cost-effective means of electricity production. As renewable energy resources begin to claim significant shares in the energy mix they also become more system-relevant, resulting in a need for more investment as well as regulatory changes. Due to their specific features (high capital intensity, low incremental costs, fluctuating electricity production), and in spite of the marked decline in costs, wind and solar energy are still dependent on proactive policies in support of renewable energy.

Decentral amd renewable power generation; Dezentrale und erneuerbare Stromerzeugung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Arndt, Ulli [EWE AG, Oldenburg (Germany). Abt. Forschung und Entwicklung

2011-07-01

The inspiration for the design of an energy system of the future constitutes the necessary change of the power generation structure deriving from renewable energy sources such as wind power and solar energy. In Germany, the captured feeding volume of renewable energy amounts 89.1 TWh per annum in 2009. The high demands on a stable and efficient network operation require an intelligent networking of information and communication technology. This network enables the production facilities and consumption components to communicate with renewable energies. EWE AG (Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany) develops and implements an active smart grid as a distribution network with a virtual power plants and energy marketplaces, with network services and management algorithms and a new tariff system feedback sysem for the involvement of domestic consumers.

Investments in Renewable Energies. Eonomic, technical and fiscal funding opportunities; Investitionen in Erneuerbare Energien. Wirtschaftliche, technische und steuerliche Foerdermoeglichkeiten

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Drysch, Michael; Rosarius, Lothar

2013-02-01

The first part of the book under consideration analyses the actual market situation for renewable energies, presents alternative forms of use of renewable energies, summarizes decision-relevant criteria and points out possible promotions of investment. Specialist terms are explained understandable. The consciousness becomes aware of the renewable energy resources. The calculation of profitability is presented by means of a case example. The second part of the book establishes tax basics and presents individual problem areas such as turnover tax liability or commerciality. Fiscal funding opportunities with respect to decisions on investment are explained in detail such as tax-exempt income or special amortizations. Fiscal opportunities are discussed with a particular emphasis on tax pitfalls.

Modernisation of space HVAC systems with high energy consumption; Sanierung von RLT-Anlagen mit hohen Energieverbraeuchen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Willan, U. [ROM (Rud. Otto Meyer) - Technik fuer Mensch und Umwelt, Hamburg (Germany). Zentralbereich Ingenieurtechnik

1997-12-31

For office buildings and similarly used buildings, concepts are developed for the modernization of space hvac systems. The state of work in the following sectors is discussed: optimum comparison processes for space HVAC systems, measurements to assess the performance of alternative dehumidification and cooling systems, heat-physiological space model. (MSK) [Deutsch] Fuer Buerobauten und Gebaeude aehnlicher Nutzung werden Sanierungskonzepte fuer RLT-Anlagen erarbeitet. Im Folgenden wird der Stand der Arbeiten in den Bereichen: optimale Vergleichsprozesse fuer RLT-Anlagen, messtechnische Beurteilung alternativer Entfeuchtungs- und Kuehlsysteme sowie ein waermetechnisches Raummodell erlaeutert.

Subsidisation of renewable energy; Subventionierung von erneuerbarer Energie. Eine industrieoekonomische Analyse des strategischen Weettbewerbs in der Erneuerbaren-Energieindustrie bei unterschiedlichen staatlichen Regulierungen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schaller, M.

2006-07-01

In the current work we analyze formally selected problems in connection with the subsidisation of renewable energy in finance theoretical and industrial economic models. In the first part of the work we deal with the subsidisation of demonstration projects for testing new technologies in the field of renewable energy. The information about the economical performance of a technology, which is disclosed by first tests, is part of the value of such a demonstration project. We describe this value in a finance theoretical model as a real option. A reason for subsidising a demonstration project is given, when it is not exclusively the investor who benefits from the disclosed information. A technology may prove so efficient in a demonstration project that it will lead to a sustained decrease of the price for renewable energy. In this case the investment in a demonstration project has a positive externality in the form of a so -called consumer-surplus on consumers. This consumer surplus legitimises the subsidisation of demonstration projects. It also may be that other producers of renewable energy profit from a technology that is identical or at least similar to the technology - which is tested in a demonstration project. In this case the producers will benefit from the disclosed information since they can use it to estimate the performance of their own technologies. For this reason the investment in a demonstration project causes here a positive externality in form of an information spill-over to other producers with an identical or at least similar technology, which again legitimises the subsidisation. The second part of the current work contributes to answering the question how a good subsidising system to foster renewable energy should be designed. We therefore compare feed-in tariffs, quota obligations and bidding systems, all three common European subsidising schemes. We investigate which of the systems has the capacity to minimize on the one hand the profits of the

Sociology of the energy turnaround. Renewable energy sources and transition of rural regions; Soziologie der Energiewende. Erneuerbare Energien und die Transition des laendlichen Raums

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kunze, Conrad

2012-11-01

German politicians, industry and society are working on the 'energy turnaround'. While changes in centralized power generation and transmission are going slow, there is an increasing number of 'test laboratories' in rural regions as communities and villages abandon imported fossil fuels and generate their own power on the basis of solar, wind and geothermal resources. In his study, the author investigates the transition phase using tools of empirical sociology. He shows that local processes reflect the importance of the energy turnaround as a cultural change and as a full-scale transformation of rural regions. The development of local, decentral energy infrastructures is interpreted theoretically as an interdependence between social and technological compolexity. The further geographic diffusion of the model in German-language regions can thus be explained as a consequence of specific social structures.

In a hurdle race to the energy transition. From transformations, reforms and innovations; Im Huerdenlauf zur Energiewende. Von Transformationen, Reformen und Innovationen

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Brunnengraeber, Achim; Di Nucci, Maria Rosaria (eds.) [Freie Univ. Berlin (Germany)

2014-07-01

The term of the energy transition will not be translated as it travels around the world. He points to the urgency of the conversion of the energy supply for electricity, heat and mobility through renewable energies. Faster than many had expected the energy revolution has reached a pace of expansion, especially in the electricity sector, which many did not expect. However, it is not a voluntary measure, but is forced by the proneness of unsustainable production methods and lifestyles. It is also not a foregone conclusion. The many new initiatives, policies and programs are in competition with an old, fossil and nuclear energy system. From the hurdles that have already been taken in this race, the pace of expansion, innovation as well as the necessary reforms and diverse challenges of the energy transition, this book is dealing. [German] Der Begriff der Energiewende wird bei seinem Lauf um die Welt nicht uebersetzt. Er weist auf die Dringlichkeit der Umstellung der Energieversorgung bei Strom, Waerme und Mobilitaet durch erneuerbare Energien hin. Schneller als von vielen erwartet hat die Energiewende vor allem im Strombereich ein Ausbautempo erreicht, mit dem viele nicht gerechnet hatten. Sie ist allerdings keine freiwillige Massnahme, sondern wird durch die Krisenhaftigkeit von nicht nachhaltigen Produktions- und Lebensweisen erzwungen. Sie ist auch kein Selbstlaeufer. Die vielfaeltigen neuen Initiativen, Massnahmen und Programme befinden sich im Wettbewerb mit einem alten, fossilen und nuklearen Energiesystem. Von den Huerden, die in diesem Wettlauf bereits genommen wurden, vom Tempo des Ausbaus, von Innovationen sowie von den notwendigen Reformen und vielfaeltigen Herausforderungen der Energiewende handelt dieses Buch.

Renewable Energy resources in the Guidelines on State Aid for Environmental Protection and Energy; Erneuerbare Energien in den neuen EU-Umwelt- und Energiebeihilfeleitlinien

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Frenz, Walter [RWTH Aachen Univ. (Germany). Forschungsgebiet Berg-, Umwelt- und Europarecht

2014-08-15

Overall the provisions of the German Renewable Energy Law (EEG) of 2014 correspond to the stipulations of the EU Commission in its new Guidelines on State Aid for Environmental Protection and Energy, and their interpretation should therefore be strictly oriented to the latter. A point of concern in systematic respects is the participation of electricity self-producers in the EEG levy, because it violates the costs-by-cause principle. Irrespective of this issue, the exemption of old installations from this regulation is warranted for reasons of protection of legitimate expectation. For self-produced electricity from fossil-fuel-based cogeneration the EEG levy is to be reduced by 40%, following an agreement between the federal government and the EU Commission.

Joint-research project. The world of renewable energies: powerado. Final report. Part 2; Verbundforschungsprojekt. Erlebniswelt erneuerbare Energien: powerado. Endbericht. Bd. 2

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Scharp, Michael (ed.)

2009-02-15

The objective of the research project 'The world of renewable energies: Powerado' was to improve communication aimed at conveying renewable energies to children. In order to achieve his aim, materials for different age groups and multipliers have been developed. These helped determining successful strategies for communicating renewable energies. There were several reasons for the need of such a project. It may be the case that renewable energies have been included into the syllabus of primary schools, but they still have no prominent role at schools. Additionally, the training of multipliers for renewable energies shows severe deficits. The project consisted of ten interconnected modules which explicitly are described. Overall, the powerado project was a huge success. 58,000 estimated multipliers, children, adolescents and persons generally being interested in renewable energies have been reached by the project and its modules. So the powerado project achieved its main objective improving communication of renewable energies.

Prospects and visions for biogas technology. Paper; Chancen und Visionen der Biogastechnologie. Paper

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Pellmeyer, J. [Fachverband Biogas e.V., Freising (Germany)

2000-07-01

Due to the Electricity Feed Law the conversion of biogas into electricity has gained significance in recent years. Thanks to the Renewable Energy Law and of course the incentive programme of the Federal Economy Ministry biogas production has become a major agricultural branch. [German] Die Biogas-Verstromung hat in den vergangenen Jahren durch das Stromeinspeise-Gesetz deutlich an Bedeutung gewonnen. Durch das erneuerbare Energiengesetz (EEG) und natuerlich das Anreizprogramm des Bundeswirtschaftsministeriums ist die ''Biogasanlage'' zu einem bedeutenden Betriebszweig nicht nur in der Landwirtschaft aufgestiegen. (orig.)

Electromobility and renewable energies. Locally optimized use of grid-connected vehicles; Elektromobilitaet und erneuerbare Energien. Lokal optimierter Einsatz von netzgekoppelten Fahrzeugen

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Link, Jochen

2012-07-01

To reach significant CO{sub 2} emission reduction with electric vehicles, electricity production based on renewable energies is required. The aim of this study is to determine different options for linking the charging times of electric vehicles with fluctuating local renewable energy production. Energy demand profiles for electric cars were generated on the basis of statistic mobility data for Germany. The impact of different charging strategies for a high market penetration of electric vehicles is analyzed considering the renewable energy production and the distribution grid of the city of Freiburg. If all cars were substituted by electric vehicles, the electrical energy demand would increase by a third. Load peaks and the capacity usage of electric installations depend strongly on the amount of power and the simultaneity of the charging process. Decentralized electric vehicle charging based on tariff incentives is one option to influence the charging behavior. In the Freiburg area the residual grid load was adjusted by shifting the charging time to periods with high renewable energy production or low electric energy consumption. Another important aspect of this study is the development and realization of a pilot system for tariff incentive based load shifting. The so called ''mobile Dispatcher'' is principally used for the determination of the optimal charging strategy considering all relevant factors (e.g. user input data, time variable feed-in tariffs, energy consumption tariffs and battery degradation costs), the communication and data exchange with the charging station, as well as with the energy providers. Prior to the development of the ''mobile Dispatcher'', concepts to connect the electric vehicle to the grid were evaluated, and necessary modifications of the electricity marked structure were discussed. Based on the goals of the German national development plan, different grid integration strategies, such as mobile

Regional energy supply in 1994/1995. Progress report of the working pool of regional power supply companies (ARE e.V.); Regionale Energieversorgung 1994/1995. Taetigkeitsbericht der Arbeitsgemeinschaft regionaler Energieversorgungs-Unternehmen - ARE - e.V

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-04-01

Generally speaking the present report deals with the regional power supply as part of the whole economy. In this connection it also addresses issues of economic development. The following topics are covered in its report on the activities of ARE since the annual meeting of 1994; energy policy, regional supply in the new Laender, European common market for electricity, energy-economic law, special provisions under cartel law concerning public utilities. The report concludes with a description of the organisation of ARE (tasks and aims, members, executive board, management, committees, headquarters). (RHM) [Deutsch] Gegenstand des Berichtes ist zunaechst die regionale Energieversorgung im Rahmen der Gesamtwirtschaft. Dabei wird sowohl auf die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung als auf die regionale Energieversorgung eingegangen. Anschliessend wird ein Ueberblick ueber die Taetigkeit des ARE seit der Jahrestagung 1994 gegeben. Dabei werden Aktivitaeten in den Bereichen Energiepolitik, Regionalversorgung in den neuen Bundeslaendern, europaeischer Binnenmarkt fuer Elektrizitaet, Energiewirtschaftsrecht sowie kartellrechtlicher Ausnahmebereich Versorgungswirtschaft behandelt. Abschliessend wird die Organisation der ARE (Aufgaben und Ziele, Mitglieder, Vorstand, Geschaeftsfuehrung, Ausschuesse, Geschaeftsstelle) beschrieben. (RHM)

Regional energy supply in 1996/1997. Progress report of the working pool of regional power supply companies (ARE e.V.); Regionale Energieversorgung 1996-1997. Taetigkeitsbericht der Arbeitsgemeinschaft regionaler Energieversorgungs-Unternehmen - ARE - e.V

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-04-01

Generally speaking the present report deals with the regional power supply as part of the whole economy. In this connection it also addresses issues of economic development. The following topics are covered in its report on the activities of ARE since the annual meeting of 1996; energy policy, regional supply in the new Laender, European common market for electricity and natural gas, energy-economic law, special provisions under cartel law concerning public utilities. The report concludes with a description of the organisation of ARE (tasks and aims, members, executive board, management, committees, headquarters). (RHM) [Deutsch] Gegenstand des Berichtes ist zunaechst die regionale Energieversorgung im Rahmen der Gesamtwirtschaft. Dabei wird sowohl auf die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung als auf die regionale Energieversorgung eingegangen. Anschliessend wird ein Ueberblick ueber die Taetigkeit des ARE seit der Jahrestagung 1996 gegeben. Dabei werden Aktivitaeten in den Bereichen Energiepolitik, Regionalversorgung in den neuen Bundeslaendern, europaeischer Binnenmarkt fuer Elektrizitaet und Gas, Energiewirtschaftsrecht sowie kartellrechtlicher Ausnahmebereich Versorgungswirtschaft behandelt. Abschliessend wird die Organisation der ARE (Aufgaben und Ziele, Mitglieder, Vorstand, Geschaeftsfuehrung, Ausschuesse, Geschaeftsstelle) beschrieben. (RHM)

Electrical efficiency and renewable energy - Economical alternatives to large-scale power generation; Stromeffizienz und erneuerbare Energien - Wirtschaftliche alternative zu Grosskraftwerken

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Oettli, B.; Hammer, S.; Moret, F.; Iten, R. [Infras, Zuerich (Switzerland); Nordmann, T. [TNC Consulting AG, Erlenbach (Switzerland)

2010-05-15

This final report for WWF Switzerland, Greenpeace Switzerland, the Swiss Energy Foundation SES, Pro Natura and the Swiss Cantons of Basel City and Geneva takes a look at the energy-relevant effects of the propositions made by Swiss electricity utilities for large-scale power generation. These proposals are compared with a strategy that proposes investments in energy-efficiency and the use of renewable sources of energy. The effects of both scenarios on the environment and the risks involved are discussed, as are the investments involved. The associated effects on the Swiss national economy are also discussed. For the efficiency and renewables scenario, two implementation variants are discussed: Inland investments and production are examined as are foreign production options and/or import from foreign countries. The methods used in the study are introduced and discussed. Investment and cost considerations, earnings and effects on employment are also reviewed. The report is completed with an extensive appendix which, amongst other things, includes potential reviews, cost estimates and a discussion on 'smart grids'

5. Kassel symposium on energy systems engineering: On-site energy generation using renewable energy sources. Proceedings 2000; 5. Kasseler Symposium: Energie-Systemtechnik. Erneuerbare Energien- und rationelle Energieverwendung. Dezentrale Energieversorgung mit hohem regenerativen Anteil. Tagungsband 2000

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schwarz, R. (comp.)

2000-07-01

The focal topic of the 5th Kassel Symposium on Energy Systems Engineering was ''Decentralised energy supply with a high share of renewable energies''. The contributions covered a wide range of issues including the potential of renewable energies, supply and operating concepts, components, systems engineering and future perspectives. [German] Das 5. Kasseler Symposium Energie-Systemtechnik legt seinen Schwerpunkt auf das Thema: 'Dezentrale Energieversorgung mit hohem regenerativem Anteil'. Es spannt hierzu einen Bogen von den Potenzialen der Erneuerbaren Energien ueber Versorgungs- und Betriebsfuehrungskonzepte sowie Komponenten und Systemtechnik bis hin zu zukuenftigen Perspektiven. (orig.)

Basic concepts and estimated maximum possible employment effects of a consistent development of renewable energy systems in Nordrhein-Westfalen. 1st technical report; Konzeptionelle Grundlagen und Abschaetzung zukuenftig maximal moeglicher Bruttobeschaeftigungseffekte beim Ausbau erneuerbarer Energiesysteme in Nordrhein-Westfalen. 1. Technischer Fachbericht

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Mohr, M.; Ziegelmann, A.; Unger, H.

1995-12-01

In the First Technical Report the fundamental ideas for the realization of this project are presented and the future possible maximum gross employment effects of an expansion of renewable energy systems in North-Rhine-Westphalia with consideration of the present-day cost structure are quantified in an initial stage. In this connection gross employment effects are defined as exclusive positive job effects without consideration of possible negative employment effects on the basis of less investments in other sectors of the economy. Based on a subdivided presentation of the intended course of the project and a formulation of its main objectives, a detailed description of the theoretical background of the applied methods of input-output analysis is provided. After the presentation of some different methods and the necessary assumptions, the analysis takes the so-called `Keynesian income multiplier` into account to accommodate the effects of an increase in national income. To use a known investment distribution, grouped in 21 sub-divisions according to categories of applications, within the scope of an input-output-analysis, the investments are converted. After the determination of the matrices, necessary to quantify employment effects, the maximum possible gross effects concerning the future job market of the Federal Republic of Germany will be assessed with consideration of the fluctuations in productivity on sector level. A total of 700.000 new jobs can be expected, of which about 27% are due to the increase of personal disposable income and the resulting rise in consumer spending respectively. (orig./UA) [Deutsch] Im vorliegenden 1. Technischen Fachbericht werden konzeptionelle Grundlagen zur Realisierung des Vorhabens eroertert und es wird eine erste Abschaetzung der potentiellen Bruttobeschaeftigungswirkungen eines Ausbaus erneuerbarer Energiesysteme in Nordrhein-Westfalen durchgefuehrt. Unter Bruttobeschaeftigungswirkungen werden dabei ausschliesslich positive

Electric power is not the same power. Why the energy transition can not succeed; Strom ist nicht gleich Strom. Warum die Energiewende nicht gelingen kann

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Limburg, Michael; Mueller, Fred F.

2015-07-01

The energy transition - the conversion of our power supply to so-called ''Renewable Energy'' - will lead to disaster, economically as well as technically. Although the concept is not technically feasible, more than 500 billion Euros were spent for this purpose already. This money our economy will miss bitterly when it is needed it to go, sweep up the future shambles. Here explain two recognized experts why. ''The book, 'electric power is not the same power' pulled himself together again on a colossal effort. It dissects technically brilliant with the tools of logic, scientific reasoning a fatal mental aberration.''- Arnold Vaatz MP. [German] Die Energiewende - die Umstellung unserer Stromversorgung auf sogenannte ''Erneuerbare Energien'' - wird in eine Katastrophe fuehren, wirtschaftlich ebenso wie technisch. Obwohl das Konzept technisch nicht machbar ist, wurden hierfuer bereits mehr als 500 Milliarden Euro ausgegeben. Dieses Geld wird unserer Volkswirtschaft bitter fehlen, wenn sie darangehen muss, den kuenftigen Scherbenhaufen zusammenzukehren. Hier erklaeren zwei ausgewiesene Fachleute, warum. ''Das Buch 'Strom ist nicht gleich Strom' rafft sich noch einmal zu einer ungeheuren Kraftanstrengung auf. Es seziert handwerklich brillant mit den Mitteln der logischen, naturwissenschaftlichen Argumentation einen fatalen geistigen Irrweg.'' - Arnold Vaatz MdB.

Health effects of measures and technologies of the energy transition. The views expressed in this paper need not necessarily coincide with those of the Environment Agency; Gesundheitliche Auswirkungen von Massnahmen und Technologien der Energiewende. Die in diesem Beitrag geaeusserten Ansichten muessen nicht notwendigerweise mit denen des Umweltbundesamtes uebereinstimmen

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Plass, Dietrich [Umweltbundesamt, Berlin (Germany). Fachrichtung: Expositionsschaetzung, gesundheitsbezogene Indikatoren; Conrad, Andre

2017-06-01

A sustainable supply of future generations with energy is not possible on the basis of fossil and nuclear energy sources. With the measures and technologies used, energy transition offers the opportunity to gradually reduce the use of these energy sources and to convert the energy supply system to the use of renewable energies. This chapter has shown that the departure from the existing system can contribute to a significant improvement in the health of the population. However, it is important parallel to the nationwide implementation of measures and technologies of the energy transition to ensure a continuous monitoring of possible health effects in order to be able to respond to potential risks at an early stage and to take adequate measures to reduce them. [German] Eine nachhaltige Versorgung zukuenftiger Generationen mit Energie ist auf Basis fossiler und nuklearer Energiequellen nicht moeglich. Die Energiewende bietet mit den eingesetzten Massnahmen und Technologien die Moeglichkeit, die Nutzung dieser Energiequellen sukzessiv abzubauen und das Energieversorgungssystem auf die Verwendung erneuerbarer Energien umzustellen. Das vorliegende Kapitel hat aufgezeigt, dass die Abkehr vom bestehenden System zu einer deutlichen Verbesserung der Bevoelkerungsgesundheit beitragen kann. Es ist jedoch wichtig, bei der flaechendeckenden Einfuehrung von Massnahmen und Technologien der Energiewende eine kontinuierliche Beobachtung moeglicher Effekte auf die Gesundheit sicherzustellen, um fruehzeitig auf potenzielle Risiken reagieren zu koennen und adaequate Massnahmen zu ihrer Reduktion zu ergreifen.

Future of the gas industry. Energy carriers instead of power source?; Zukunft der Gaswirtschaft. Energietraeger statt Energiequelle?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bothe, David; Janssen, Matthias; Riechmann, Christoph [Frontier Economics, Koeln (Germany)

2017-03-15

For a long time, natural gas was considered as an ideal bridge technology for the energy transition because of the relatively low CO{sub 2} content. With increasing decarbonisation of electricity generation by renewable energies and the associated political vision of a far-reaching electrification of energy applications, in particular in the heat sector, the gas sector is, however, threatened to be overtaken by the renewables. This creates increasing uncertainty for business models and investments in the natural gas sector itself, but also potentially high macroeconomic costs of the energy transition. It can be shown that such a development is not unavoidable if the gas sector succeeds in using the existing possibilities cleverly. Thereby the continued use of existing gas infrastructure plays a central role. For use of the opportunities, however, a paradigm shift in politics, regulation and natural gas sector is necessary, whose key points are developed in this article. [German] Lange wurde Gas aufgrund des relativ geringen C0{sub 2}-Gehalts als ideale Brueckentechnologie fuer die Energiewende gehandelt. Mit zunehmender Dekarbonisierung der Stromerzeugung durch erneuerbare Energien und der damit verbundenen politischen Vision einer weitreichenden Elektrifizierung von Energieanwendungen insbesondere im Waermesektor droht die Gaswirtschaft allerdings von den Erneuerbaren ueberholt zu werden. Das schafft zunehmende Unsicherheit fuer Geschaeftsmodelle und Investitionen im Gassektor selbst, aber auch potenziell hohe gesamtwirtschaftliche Kosten der Energiewende. Es laesst sich zeigen, dass eine solche Entwicklung nicht unabwendbar ist, wenn es der Gaswirtschaft gelingt, die vorhandenen Moeglichkeiten clever zu nutzen. Dabei spielt der fortgesetzte Gebrauch der bereits vorhandenen Gasinfrastruktur die zentrale Rolle. Zur Nutzung der Chancen ist aber ein Paradigmenwechsel in Politik, Regulierung und Gaswirtschaft notwendig, dessen Eckpunkte in diesem Artikel entwickelt

`Mountain Hut` promotion programme of Isar Amperwerke - interim project report; Foerderprogramm Berghuetten der Isar-Amperwerke - Projektstatus

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pfeiffer, G.; Reiner, H. [Isar-Amperwerke AG, Abt. ETK, Muenchen (Germany)

1997-12-31

The purpose of the ``Mountain Hut`` promotion programme is to accelerate the conversion of mountain hut power supply systems to renewables. Under this programme, which exclusively promotes the installation of renewable energy systems (hydropower, solar energy, wind power, biomass), Isar Amperwerke contributes up to a maximum of 50% of the investment costs. The present article briefly reports on four projects that have already been realised. (HW) [Deutsch] Mit dem Foerderprogramm `Berghuetten` soll die Stromversorgung von Berghuetten staerker auf erneuerbare Energietraeger umgestellt werden. Die Zuschussrate der Isar-Amper-Werke betraegt dabei maximal 50%, wobei nur regenerative Energien (Wasserkraft, Solarenergie, Windkraft und Biomasse) gefoerdert werden. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Ueberblick ueber vier schon realisierte Projekte. (HW)

Integration of renewable energy resources when they dominate the electricity production mix; Integration erneuerbarer Energiequellen bei hohen Anteilen an der Stromversorgung

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Trieb, Franz [Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR), Stuttgart (Germany). Gruppe Energie Integration

2013-07-15

The energy turnaround has triggered a reorganisation of the German energy supply system and in the process has given rise to a number of complex problems. The challenge at hand is to find the optimal route into an energy supply landscape based largely on renewable resources. This article investigates two scenarios of a sustainable future, one based on largely fluctuating resources and the other including controllable renewable sources as well as the use of storages. The author has found there to be substantial differences between these two paths.

Use of derivative instruments to integrate renewable energies into the electricity market; Einsatz derivativer Instrumente zur Integration erneuerbarer Energien in den Strommarkt

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hartmann, Kilian [Hochschule Aschaffenburg (Germany). Fakultaet fuer Ingenieurwissenschaften; Nelles, Michael [Rostock Univ. (Germany). Agrar- und Umweltwissenschaftliche Fakultaet; Candra, Dodiek Ika

2017-08-01

The implementation of renewable energies to the electricity market is inefficient and expensive with current measures. Further these measures are prejudicial for the existing energy-only-market. The combination of fluctuating and controllable renewable powers in virtual power plants enables the marketing of this power as a derivate on the future market. Thus would relieve the spot market and stabilize pricing on both markets. Subsequently the renewable energy obligation will reduce and renewable energies could be marketed as secured power.

CH50% - A Switzerland with a consumption of fossil energy split in half; CH50% - Eine Schweiz mit halbiertem Verbrauch an fossilen Energien

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-06-01

The Swiss Academy of Engineering Sciences has investigated the possibilities and the consequences of a consumption reduction by 50 % of fossil energy agents within a time frame of 20 to 40 years. A working group of the Academy has made a study on the subject of if and when it would be possible to reduce the consumption of fossil energy in Switzerland by 50 % compared to 1990. The working group came to the conclusion that a reduction of well over 40 % would be feasible by the year 2020, principally due to an improvement in efficiency. This takes into account the substitution potential by renewable energy alternatives. A reduction by 50% will be possible in the second quarter of the 21st century under the condition that both today's known technologies are indeed exploited and that energy prices are increased. For Switzerland's economy and society no unacceptable impacts will thereby result. (author) [German] Die Schweizerische Akademie der Technischen Wissenschaften (SATW) hat Moeglichkeiten und Konsequenzen eines um 50 % verringerten Verbrauchs an fossilen Energietraegern in der Schweiz in einem Zeitrahmen von 20-40 Jahren untersucht. Eine Arbeitsgruppe ihrer Kommission Energie unter dem Vorsitz von Hans Jucker (bis 1997 VR-Praesident der Alusuisse-Lonza Holding AG) kam zum Schluss, dass bis zum Jahre 2020 eine Reduktion um gut 40 % primaer durch Effizienzverbesserungen moeglich ist. Dabei ist das Substitutionspotential durch erneuerbare Energien beruecksichtigt. Eine Halbierung ist im Verlaufe des 2. Quartals des 21. Jahrhunderts erreichbar, wobei vorausgesetzt wird, dass die heute bekannten Technologien tatsaechlich genutzt werden und die Energie verteuert wird. Dabei werden f?r Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft keine unzumutbaren Auswirkungen erwartet.

Is the 10-point agenda of the Federal Government useful for a successful energy transition?; Dient die 10-Punkte-Agenda der Bundesregierung einer erfolgreichen Energiewende?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dinther, Clemens van [Reutlingen Hochschule (Germany). ESB Business School; Fey, Bernhard [Rheinenergie AG, Koeln (Germany); Renelt, Sven [Paatz Scholz van der Laan Unternehmensberatung GmbH, Duesseldorf (Germany); Strueker, Jens [Hochschule Fresenius, Frankfurt (Germany). Inst. fuer Energiewirtschaft; Flath, Christoph [Wuerzburg Univ. (Germany); Terzidis, Orestis [KIT - Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie (Germany). Inst. fuer Entrepreneurship, Technologiemanagement und Innovation; Bretschneider, Peter [Technische Univ. Ilmenau (Germany). Fachgebiet Energieeinsatzoptimierung

2017-03-15

With the energy transition, the Federal Government has begun the conversion of the energy supply. Because of the success of the energy transition is essential for the future and competitiveness of Germany as a business location The Federal Association of German Industry (BDI) has already published 2013 Stimulus for a smart energy market, in which are derived five principles which provide a framework for discourse on the measures to be taken. Renewable energies will be the dominant source of electricity in the coming years. This results in new challenges. The Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (BMWi) has recently adopted a 10-point agenda to address these issues (ZPA) for the central energy projects. To be discussed is to what extent they are in harmony with the five principles of the BDI and at which points adjustments are necessary, so that the conversion of the energy system can succeed. [German] Mit der Energiewende hat die Bundesregierung den Umbau der Energieversorgung begonnen. Da das Gelingen der Energiewende fuer die Zukunfts- und Wettbewerbsfaehigkeit des Wirtschaftsstandorts Deutschlands essenziell ist, wurden seitens des Bundesverbandes der deutschen Industrie (BDI) bereits 2013 Impulse fuer eine smarte Energiewende veroeffentlicht, in denen fuenf Prinzipien abgeleitet werden, die einen Rahmen fuer den Diskurs ueber die zu ergreifenden Massnahmen setzen. erneuerbare Energien werden in den kommenden Jahren die dominierende Stromquelle darstellen. Daraus entstehen neue Herausforderungen. Zu deren Bewaeltigung hat das Bundeswirtschaftsministerium (BMWi) kuerzlich eine 10-Punkte-Agenda (ZPA) fuer die zentralen Vorhaben der Energiewende vorgelegt. Zu diskutieren ist, inwieweit sie im Einklang mit den fuenf Prinzipien des BDI steht und an welchen Stellen Anpassungen notwendig werden, damit der Umbau des Energiesystems erfolgreich gelingen kann.

Axial turbine with underwater generator for energy recovery; Axialturbine mit Unterwassergenerator zur Energierueckgewinnung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Welzel, B. [Stuttgart Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Stroemungsmechanik und Hydraulische Stroemungsmaschinen

1997-12-31

Within the framework of a project sponsored by the Stiftung Energieforschung Baden-Wuerttemberg, an axial turbine was developed as a flash evaporator, which permits energy recovery in all sectors where liquids in piping undergoes pressure relaxation. A specific feature of this turbine is that it forms part, complete with generator, of a single pipeline and that it does not cause any pressure variations worth mentioning in case of mains failure. The report describes the turbine, its advantages, and a pilot operation carried out with a prototype. The turbine`s performance is compared with a return pump. Further, the optimization of the hydraulic design by computer and the results of a market analysis are dealt with. (orig.) [Deutsch] Im Rahmen einer von der Stiftung Energieforschung Baden-Wuerttemberg gefoerderten Neuentwicklung wurde eine Axialturbine als Entspannungsturbine entwickelt, mit der eine Energierueckgewinnung in allen Bereichen erfolgen kann, in denen Fluessigkeiten in Rohrleitungssystemen entspannt werden. Die Turbine zeichnet sich unter anderem dadurch aus, dass sie komplett, inklusive Generator, innerhalb einer Rohrleitung angeordnet ist und bei Netzausfall keine nennenswerte Druckschwankung erzeugt. Es werden die Turbine, deren Vorteile sowie der mit einem Prototypen durchgefuehrte Betriebsversuch beschrieben. Weiterhin werden ein Vergleich des Betriebsverhaltens mit einer rueckwaertslaufenden Pumpe, die rechnerische Optimierung der hydraulischen Formgebung sowie die Ergebnisse einer Marktanalyse behandelt. (orig.)

Macroeconomic impacts of energy efficiency measures in the housing, business and transport sectors; Gesamtwirtschaftliche Wirkungen von Energieeffizienzmassnahmen in den Bereichen Gebaeude, Unternehmen und Verkehr

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schade, Wolfgang; Luellmann, Arne; Beckmann, Ruth; Koehler, Jonathan [Fraunhofer-Institut System- und Innovationsforschung (ISI), Karlsruhe (Germany)

2009-10-15

In August 2007 the German government agreed on the Integrated Energy and Climate Package (IECP) at Meseberg. This IECP-Macro study analyses the macroeconomic impacts of the IECP in Germany. The focus of analysis in IECP-Macro was on macroeconomic indicators, in particular on gross domestic product (GDP), consumption, investment and employment. This study links a bottom-up analysis of single policy measures with a macroeconomic analysis. The bottom-up impacts are fed into the ASTRA model, in which they trigger the macroeconomic impacts, e.g. a change of final demand in terms of investment or consumption. In total five scenarios have been analysed and have been compared with a reference scenario of the ASTRA model that has been aligned with the business-as-usual scenario of the project ''Politics Scenarios IV''. The basic conclusion of the analysis is that the economic stimulus of increased investment in climate policy stimulates economic growth in the short- and medium-term. Energy savings have the greatest effect to safeguard or even increase employment in the long run. (orig.)

2015 DACH annual meeting. NDE in research, development and application. Abstracts; DACH-Jahrestagung 2015. ZfP in Forschung, Entwicklung und Anwendung. Vortraege

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2015-07-01

The main topics of this meeting are: Computed Tomography; Air Ultrasound; Accreditation, certification, validation; CT algorithms; Ultrasound - imaging; Education; Digital X-ray detectors; Ultrasound - Simulation; Material characterization; Train; Phased Array; Aviation; Acoustic emission testing; Leak testing; Local defect resonance; Composite materials; Building construction; Standards and regulations; Condition and production monitoring; Surface method; POD; Renewable energy; Thermography. [German] Die Themenschwerpunkte auf dieser Tagung waren: Computertomographie; Luftultraschall; Akkreditierung, Zertifizierung, Validierung; CT Algorithmen; Ultraschall - Bildgebung; Ausbildung; Digitale Roentgendetektoren; Ultraschall - Simulation; Materialcharakterisierung; Bahn; Phased Array; Luftfahrt; Schallemissionspruefung; Dichtheitspruefung; Lokale Defektresonanz; Verbundwerkstoffe; Bauwesen; Normen und Regelwerke; Zustands- und Fertigungsueberwachung; Oberflaechenverfahren; POD; Erneuerbare Energien; Thermographie.

Renewable energy sources - rational energy use. Enterprises - suppliers - research - consultation. BINE public information. Market leaders - addresses. Erneuerbare Energiequellen - rationelle Energieverwendung. Unternehmen - Bezugsquellen - Forschung - Beratung. BINE-Buergerinformation. Marktfuehrer-Adresshandbuch

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1989-01-01

The manual lists addresses and business information given by research institutes, companies, associations, groups, etc. in the field of renewable energy sources and rational energy use. It is to provide information, as comprehensive as possible to all those who have to solve problems concerning energy conservation and environmental protection. The manual is based on a detailed questionnaire distributed by BINE (Buerger-Information Neue Energietechniken, Nachwachsende Rohstoffe, Umwelt). (UA).

The strategic role of district heating in renewable energy use; Die strategische Bedeutung der Nahwaerme zur Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nast, M. [Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR), Stuttgart (Germany). Abt. Systemanalyse und Technikbewertung; Boehnisch, H. [Zentrum fuer Sonnenenergie- und Wasserstoff-Forschung Baden-Wuerttemberg (ZSW), Stuttgart (Germany)

1998-02-01

District heating allows the utilization of biomass in low emission heating plants, the exploitation of solar energy and the seasonal storage of heat. If a sustainable energy supply system is to be created, district heating must not only be the system of choice for new housing districts but must also be retrofitted in existing settlements. The detailed analysis of a rural community shows that large segments of existing buildings can be connected to district heating systems even in regions with predominantly single dwellings and rural housing densities. The conditions necessary for establishing district heating systems are discussed. (orig.) [Deutsch] Nahwaermesysteme ermoeglichen, fossile und biogene Brennstoffe einzusetzen und lassen sich an saisonale Waermespeicher anschliessen. Zum Aufbau einer nachhaltigen Energieversorgung ist Nahwaerme nicht nur in Neubaugebieten notwendig sondern muss auch in den schon laenger genutzten Gebaeudebestand integriert werden. Das Beispiel einer umfassend analysierten Landgemeinde zeigt, dass ein grosser Teil des bestehenden Gebaeudebestandes an Waermenetze angeschlossen werden kann, selbst bei vorherrschender Bebauung mit Einfamilienhaeusern und laendlichen Gebaeudedichten. Die notwendigen Rahmenbedingungen fuer den Aufbau einer Nahwaermeversorgung werden erlaeutert. (orig.)

Successfull expansion of renewable energies due to reimbursement rates. Companies demand safety of investment; Erfolgreicher Ausbau Erneuerbarer Energien dank Einspeiseverguetung. Unternehmen fordern Investitionssicherheit

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kunz, Claudia (comp.)

2012-06-22

Quota systems for the promotion of renewable energy sources are inferior to the reimbursement rates such as the German Renewable Energy Law (EEG). The reimbursement rates have been proven to be efficient and effective. Therefore companies demand no dismissal of the EEG because a dismissal reduces the security of investment and thwarts the expansion of renewable energies.

Obstacles to implementation; Huerden auf dem Weg in die Praxis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Klempert, Oliver

2010-11-23

Photovoltaic systems have always promised autonomy to customers. The new German Renewables Act (Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz) provides reimbursement for self-consumption of power generated on site. However, there are still many obstacles to overcome. (orig.)

The quantity does it? The EEG 2017 and the consequences for the German energy transition; Menge macht's? Das EEG 2017 und die Folgen fuer die deutsche Energiewende

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Meya, Jasper N.; Neetzow, Paul [Oldenburg Univ. (Germany); Humboldt Univ., Berlin (Germany); Neubauer, Linda; Pechan, Anna [Oldenburg Univ. (Germany)

2016-11-15

The Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) has so far been the driving force behind German energy transition and has found many imitators internationally as an effective funding instrument. With the reform of the EEG, which was approved by the Federal Government, the promotion of renewable energies (EE) was shifted from the current price to a quantity control. The present analysis of the impact of the switch to cost-efficiency, the diversity of actors, the achievement of the EE production targets and network consistency shows that the efficiency advantages of tendering may be reduced by higher transaction costs and regional expansion ambitions dampened. The tendered quantities are not sufficient for the long term to increase EE share to the targeted level. It is also doubtful whether a grid-compatible EE expansion is achieved. [German] Das Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz (EEG) war bislang der Motor der deutschen Energiewende und hat als effektives Foerderinstrument international viele Nachahmer gefunden. Mit der von der Bundesregierung beschlossenen Reform des EEG wird die Foerderung der erneuerbaren Energien (EE) von der bisherigen Preis- auf eine Mengensteuerung umgestellt. Die vorliegende Analyse der Auswirkungen der Umstellung auf Kosteneffizienz, Akteursvielfalt, Erreichen der EE-Erzeugungsziele und Netzkonformitaet zeigt, dass die Effizienzvorteile der Ausschreibungen ggf. durch hoehere Transaktionskosten verringert und regionale Ausbauambitionen gedaempft werden. Die ausgeschriebenen Mengen reichen langfristig nicht aus, um den EE-Anteil zielkonform zu erhoehen. Es ist zudem fraglich, ob ein netzkonformer EE-Ausbau erreicht wird.

Costs involved in the expansion of renewable energies. A meta-analysis of scenarios; Kosten des Ausbaus erneuerbarer Energien. Eine Metaanalyse von Szenarien

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pahle, Michael; Knopf, Brigitte; Tietjen, Oliver; Schmid, Eva [Potsdam-Institut fuer Klimafolgenforschung e.V., Potsdam (Germany)

2012-09-15

This study investigates current scenarios for a long-term transformation of the energy system towards high shares of renewable energy sources (RES) with a focus the associated costs. The scenarios include different regional scopes (Germany, Europe, and World) and were selected according to the following criteria: a minimum share of 80% RES electricity production in the power sector in 2050 and relevance in the public debate. Total transformation costs consist of a number of components, and scenarios are selective in terms of covered components as well as applied methodologies. For that reason total transformation costs are not comparable across scenarios. This can only be done for specific investment costs of RES technologies, which all scenarios rely on and treat in a consistent manner. Moreover, it can be assumed that specific investment costs are an essential driver of total transition costs. The essential mechanism for the development of future specific investment costs is the ''learning'' inherent to RES technologies. It is most widely used in the form of learning-by-doing, which assumes that specific investment costs decrease with increasing cumulated installed capacity. In fact, all investigated scenarios take account of learning-by-doing, by which the costs of all technologies are reduced until 2050. The largest reductions occur for solar energy (PV), which has abundant worldwide potential and a still relatively low degree of technological maturity. In contrast, the smallest reductions occur for wind energy (onshore), which is already mature and where expected technological progress is thus limited. Regarding capacity deployment, another relevant factor is the economic potential available in the respective region. They give rise to wind energy as the major technology in Germany, whereas solar energy dominates on the global level. For Europe the situation is more ambiguous, but solar energy is always an important option in case imports

Hauts-de-France. A pioneer in the French energy transition; Hauts-de-France. Vorreiter in der franzoesischen Energiewende

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Falk, Thomas

2016-08-15

France had established in advance of last year's climate summit in Paris on ambitious energy policy goals. Especially the 2016 newly formed Region Hauts-de-France stands out as a pioneer here. There one drives innovation and investments with the objective of fulfilling by 2050 their own needs completely by renewable sources. The orientation to supplies Jeremy Rifkin idea of the third industrial revolution. If successful, the region would be on climate protection well ahead of the national targets, the 2050 ''only'' provide a CO{sub 2} emission reduction of 75%. In addition to the Research and development (R and D) to many future ideas in Hauts-de-France but also some major projects for Security of European energy supplies are realized that show the local agility. [German] Frankreich hatte sich im Vorfeld des letztjaehrigen Pariser-Klimagipfels auf ambitionierte Energiewendeziele festgelegt. Insbesondere die 2016 neu gebildete Region Hauts-de-France sticht dabei als Vorreiter heraus. Dort treibt man Innovationen und Investitionen mit dem Ziel an, bis 2050 den Eigenbedarf vollstaendig mittels erneuerbarer Quellen zu decken. Die Orientierung dazu liefert Jeremy Rifkins Idee der dritten industriellen Revolution. Im Erfolgsfall laege die Region beim Klimaschutz deutlich vor den nationalen Zielen, die bis 2050 ''nur'' eine CO{sub 2}-Emissionsreduktion von 75 % vorsehen. Neben der Forschung und Entwicklung (F and E) zu vielen Zukunftsideen werden in Hauts-de-France aber auch einige Grossprojekte zur Absicherung der europaeischen Energieversorgung realisiert, die Ausweis der dortigen Agilitaet sind.

German legislation for promotion of renewable energies 2014. Act on feed-in and guaranteed pricing of electricity from renewable energy sources (EEG). Commentary. 7. new rev. ed.; Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz 2014. Gesetz fuer den Ausbau erneuerbarer Energien. Kommentar

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Salje, Peter [Hannover Univ. (Germany). Lehrstuhl fuer Zivilrecht und Recht der Wirtschaft

2015-07-01

The EEG is continuously subjected to changes and the permanent center of political discussions. Therefore now already the 7th edition of the EEG comment of the science and practice well recognized and highly recognized author Prof. Dr. Dr. Peter Salje appear. The revision includes, inter alia, further evaluation of the law of electric power produced from renewable energy sources from the EEG of 2012 and the regulations made there under (including Biomass and AusglMechV). The changes associated with the so-called Photovoltaic amendment dated August 2012 and the recent case law since the publication of the previous edition handed down are considered. In particular, the incorporation of the full basic EEG reform in 2014 guarantees the highest topicality. [German] Das EEG ist fortlaufend Neuerungen unterworfen und im staendigen Mittelpunkt der politischen Diskussionen. In nunmehr bereits 7. Auflage erscheint daher der EEG-Kommentar von dem in Wissenschaft und Praxis bestens ausgewiesenen und hoechst anerkannten Autor Prof. Dr. Dr. Peter Salje. Die Neubearbeitung umfasst u.a. die weitere Auswertung des Rechts der Stromerzeugung aus Erneuerbaren Energien aus dem EEG 2012 und den dazu ergangenen Verordnungen (u.a. BiomasseV und AusglMechV). Die mit der sog. Photovoltaik-Novelle vom August 2012 einhergehenden Aenderungen sowie die seit Erscheinen der Vorauflage ergangene Rechtsprechung werden beruecksichtigt. Insbesondere die vollumfaengliche Einarbeitung der grundlegenden EEG-Reform 2014 garantiert hoechste Aktualitaet.

Can renewable energy sources be financed through competitive power markets in the long run?; Koennen sich erneuerbare Energien langfristig auf wettbewerblich organisierten Strommaerkten finanzieren?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kopp, Oliver; Essler-Frey, Anke; Engelhorn, Thorsten [MVV Energie AG, Mannheim (Germany)

2012-12-15

In this paper we address the issue of whether renewable energy sources can be integrated into power markets if the use of renewable energies is extended at the desired speed. Market integration means that renewable energy sources have to cover their full costs from revenues on competitive markets. In the first part of this paper, we evaluate the long-term revenues of intermittent renewable energy sources using a high resolution power market model. Considering the renewable targets of the German lead study of 2010, we show that due to the merit order effect, intermittent renewable energy sources, such as wind power and photovoltaic, cannot be financed through power markets alone, even if their full costs fall below those of conventional power plants. This is also true for scenarios with high CO{sub 2}-prices and increasing spot market prices. In the second part of this paper, we discuss whether in the long run additional instruments such as green certificates or capacity markets would allow for a more competitive financing of renewable energy sources. Center stage in the discussion is the question under which circumstances these instruments increase competitive pricing and decentralised market decisions. (orig.)

Effectiveness of instruments for increasing energy efficiency and promoting the use of renewable forms of energy; Wirksamkeit von Instrumenten zur Steigerung der Energieeffizienz und zur Foerderung erneuerbarer Energien. Studie im Auftrag des Energie Trialog Schweiz und des Bundesamtes fuer Energie - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rieder, S.; Walker, D.

2009-03-15

This comprehensive final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) presents the results of a study made for the Swiss Energy Trialogue and the SFOE on the effectiveness of instruments for increasing energy efficiency and for the promotion of the use of renewable forms of energy. The results of a literature analysis are presented and discussed. Four basic questions are looked at: Under which conditions are state instruments effective, what influence do concepts and implementation have, which combinations of various instruments are most effective and which recommendations can be made to public authorities for the use of energy-policy instruments. Regulative, financial, persuasive and structural instruments are reviewed. The report is augmented with a comprehensive appendix which lists the literature sources used.

Models for the promotion of renewable energy sources. A legal comparing investigation of models for the promotion of renewable enegy sources by the example of Poland and Germany; Modelle zur Foerderung erneuerbarer Energietraeger. Eine rechtsvergleichende Untersuchung von Modellen zur Foerderung erneuerbarer Energietraeger am Beispiel Polens und Deutschlands

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Michalowska, Dorota

2008-04-08

Energy sources such as coal, natural gas, petroleum, and nuclear fission have long been established on the marketplace and considered competitive. However, a comprehensive restructuring of energy generation is necessary, as conventional energy generation pollutes the environment. Therefore environmentally friendly energy sources, such as solar, wind or water power need to be promoted. However, regenerative energy sources are still not capable of competing with conventional energy. Marketability of renewable energy sources can only be achieved through government-sponsored promotion and regulation. Such measures include fixed price and fixed quantity models with green certificates. The support schemes for renewable energy sources are characterized by their wide-ranging adaptability. The various elements of a scheme must be adapted to a given country's set goals and specific circumstances. There is no universally applicable model. Based on given goals and opportunities, every domestic legislator faces the challenge of choosing the best scheme or developing a mixed model that combines various elements. The aim of this study is to provide a legal analysis of regulations concerning the support schemes for renewable energy sources within the framework of EU and international law. Furthermore, the study aimed at comparing support schemes implemented in Poland and Germany. In the EU, the electricity directive from 1996 and 2003, the directive on the promotion of electricity from renewable energy sources from 2003 and 2008, non-binding documents, such as the ''green and white book'', as well as the ''ALTENER'' program, successfully contributed to establishing the topic of renewable energies. Regarding international law, it is primarily the Kyoto protocol that has to be mentioned as a basis for the promotion of renewable energy sources. Poland introduced a fixed quantity model with green certificates. Separated reimbursements for

Compendium renewable energy. Job creator for success and career, technologies, companies, contacts; Kompendium Erneuerbare Energien. Jobmotor fuer Erfolg und Karriere. Technologien, Firmen, Kontakte

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Franke, Wolf D. [ADVOLAT Gruppe (Switzerland); Winz, Rainer (eds.) [Hochschule Merseburg (Germany). Fachbereich Informatik und Kommunikationssysteme; ADVOLAT Gruppe (Switzerland)

2012-11-01

The compendium under consideration gives a review on the most important technologies, market tendencies, career chances and training ways within the range of renewable energies. Experts from research, economics and associations present facts and background information according to the power production by sun, wind, water, bio fuels and geothermal energy as well as their practical application in different economic sectors. Prominent enterprises as technology leaders and potential employers are presented. Valuable information, contacts and addresses for the reader are given.

Compendium renewable energy. Job creator for success and career, technologies, companies, contacts; Kompendium Erneuerbare Energien. Jobmotor fuer Erfolg und Karriere, Technologien, Firmen, Kontakte

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Franke, Wolf D. (ed.) [ADVOLAT Gruppe (Switzerland)

2010-07-01

The compendium under consideration gives a review on the most important technologies, market tendencies, career chances and training ways within the range of renewable energies. Experts from research, economics and associations present facts and background information according to the power production by sun, wind, water, bio fuels and geothermal energy as well as their practical application in different economic sectors. Prominent enterprises as technology leaders and potential employers are presented. Valuable information, contacts and addresses for the reader are given.

Optimisation of single-tube heating systems with distribution of heating cost; Optimierung von Einrohrheizungsanlagen mit Heizkostenverteilung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Knabe, G.; Kremonke, A. [Technische Univ. Dresden (Germany). Inst. fuer Thermodynamik und Technische Gebaeudeausruestung; Bach, H.; Bauer, M.; Eisenmann, G.; Haupt, C.; Tritschler, M. [Stuttgart Univ. (Germany). Lehrstuhl fuer Heiz- und Raumlufttechnik

1997-12-31

The work had the aim to study the following modernization measures in a large-panel building: enhancement of thermal insulation provided by the shell of the building, enhancement of heating system efficiency, influence on user behaviour of just heating cost allocation systems. Further, general statements are made regarding the following aspects of building modernization: energy consumption analysis, planning, user behaviour and system management. (MSK) [Deutsch] Ziel der Untersuchungen war es an einem Plattenbau folgende Modernisierungsmassnahmen zu untersuchen: Verbesserung der Waermedaemmung der Gebaeudehuellkonstruktion, Effizienzsteigerung des Heizsystems, Beeinflussung des Nutzerverhaltens durch gerechte Heizkostenverteilsysteme. Zudem werden allgemeine Aussagen zur Modernisierung von Gebaeuden zu folgenden Bereichen vorgelegt: Energiediagnose, Planung, Nutzerverhalten sowie Betriebsmangement.

powerado-plus. Promotion of education, instruction and training for renewable energy sources; powerado-plus. Foerderung der Bildung, der Aus- und Weiterbildung fuer erneuerbare Energien

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Scharp, Michael [ed.

2012-05-15

The research project 'World of Renewables: powerado' explores the effective communication to promote renewable energies in children, adolescents, teachers and multipliers. In several modules, materials and training approaches for different age groups and audiences are developed. Fundamental studies are carried out. Based on these fundamental studies, successful communication strategies of renewable energy are performed. The contribution under consideration reports on the main findings from the period 2009 to 2012.

powerado-plus. Promotion of education, instruction and training for renewable energy sources; powerado-plus. Foerderung der Bildung, der Aus- und Weiterbildung fuer erneuerbare Energien

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Scharp, Michael (ed.)

2012-05-15

The research project 'World of Renewables: powerado' explores the effective communication to promote renewable energies in children, adolescents, teachers and multipliers. In several modules, materials and training approaches for different age groups and audiences are developed. Fundamental studies are carried out. Based on these fundamental studies, successful communication strategies of renewable energy are performed. The contribution under consideration reports on the main findings from the period 2009 to 2012.

Alternative drives for motor cars. Hybrid systems, fuel cells, alternative energy sources. 2. enl. ed.; Alternative Antriebe fuer Automobile. Hybridsysteme, Brennstoffzellen, alternative Energietraeger

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stan, Cornel [Berkeley Univ., CA (United States)]|[Paris Univ. (France)]|[Pisa Univ. (Italy)]|[Perugia Univ. (Italy)]|[Westsaechsischen Hochschule Zwickau (Germany)

2008-07-01

entsprechend der aufgefuehrten Kriterien in komplexen Energie-Management-Systemen fuer Automobile kombinierbar sind, bilden den Inhalt dieses Buches. Fuer die Entwicklung neuer Konzepte sind diese Fakten notwendiges Wissen. In der 2. Auflage sind zahlreiche aktuelle Entwicklungen in den Bereichen Antriebssysteme sowie deren Kombinationen, neue Energietraeger, Energiewandler und Energiespeicher beschrieben. Saemtliche Kapitelinhalte und Literatur wurden auf den aktuellen Stand der Technik und Forschung gebracht. (orig.)

Handlen og væren. Paul Ricœurs polytetiske refleksionsteori

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Pallesen, Carsten

erläutert, wie sich die Hermeneutik des Selbst als eine hegelsche Verschiebung der herkömmlichen Subjektsphilosophie verstehen lässt, die jedoch Hegels Begriff des absoluten Wissens durch den Begriff der Bezeugung (attestation) ersetzt. Dieser Begriff wird profiliert in einer textnahen Lektüre von Ricœurs...... Auseinandersetzung mit Husserl, Heidegger und Lévinas, in der Körper, Gewissen und der Andere als konstituierende Passivitätserfahrungen ausgelegt werden, die als solche das Verständnis des Anderssein als ontologischen Begriff für das Selbst begründen. Der fünfte Hauptteil beleuchtet die Attestationshermeneutik...... in zwei unterschiedlichen vorphilosophischen Bereichen: Psychoanalyse und Theologie. Hier wird Ricœurs Theorie der Erinnerung und sein Begriff des Gewissens in gerechtigkeitstheoretischer Perspektive erörtert, die eine gewisse Distanz zu realphilosophischen Bereichen wie z.B. Psychoanalyse und Theologie...

Renewable energies. Public lecture series at the Competence Centre for Renewable Raw Materials - selected papers; Erneuerbare Energien. Oeffentliche Vortragsreihe am Kompetenzzentrum fuer Nachwachsende Rohstoffe - ausgewaehlte Beispiele

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Faulstich, Martin [Wissenschaftszentrum Straubing (Germany); Technische Univ. Muenchen (TUM) (Germany). Lehrstuhl fuer Rohstoff- und Energietechnologie; Menrad, Klaus (eds.) [Wissenschaftszentrum Straubing (Germany); Hochschule Weihenstephan-Triesdorf (Germany). Fachgebiet fuer Marketing und Management Nachwachsender Rohstoffe

2011-07-01

Within the second issue of the lecture series 'Renewable raw materials in research and practice', the Research Centre Straubing (Federal Republic of Germany) has selected the following contributions from the lecture course 'Renewable Energies': (a) Biofuels - today and tomorrow (E. Remmele); (b) Renewable raw materials from agricultural view (M. Schoelch); (c) Value creation in the agriculture by means of bio energy (R. Wagner); (d) Stirling engine for a coupled power and heat generation (A. Wagner); (e) International perspectives of utilizing biomass (A. Spangenberg); (f) Geothermal power - a clean and sustainable form of energy (R. Geigenfeind, S. Walker-Hertkorn); (g) Potentials of genetically variedenergy crops for enhancing the production of biomass (T. Dresselhaus, M. Gahrtz); (h) Use of solar energy - Technologies and trends (T. Schlegl); (i) Power generation from wind energy in Germany (P. Tzscheutschler, C. Heilek); (j) Energy supply at the turning point solar house against passive house (G. Dasch); (k) From the heel into the abyss: Heating with wood chips in the municipal nursery (J. Baer, J. Krug); (l) Competition for use between renewable raw materials and food (A. Heissenhuber, S. Rauh); (m) Studying in Straubing (M. Faulstich, K. Menrad, A. Multerer); (n) C.A.R.M.E.N. active (W. Doeller); (o) Thermal insulation for energy efficient buildings (H.-P. Ebert); (p) Energy efficiency by means of an intelligent recycle management and waste management (G. Wasmeier); (q) Energetic recovery from waste wear - power generation in the drainage system Straubing (C. Pop); (r) Conservation of electricity in households (G. Keller); (s) High-tech materials from the nature (B. Schmidt); (t) Millet, miscanthus and other as energy crops and raw material plants (M. Fritz); (u) Sustainable utilization of renewable raw materials - an economic view for a global demand (P. Zerle).

Monopolies, liberalization, energy turnaround. (Dis)continuities in the electricity market design; Monopole, Liberalisierung, Energiewende. (Dis-)Kontinuitaeten im Strommarktdesign

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Grashof, Katherina; Zipp, Alexander [Institut fuer ZukunftsEnergieSysteme (IZES), Saarbruecken (Germany); Jachmann, Henning [Zentrum fuer Sonnenenergie- und Wasserstoff-Forschung Baden-Wuerttemberg (ZSW), Stuttgart (Germany); Wille-Haussmann, Bernhard [Fraunhofer-Institut fuer Solare Energiesysteme (ISE), Freiburg im Breisgau (Germany); Lechtenboehmer, Stefan [Wuppertal Institut fuer Klima, Umwelt, Energie GmbH, Wuppertal (Germany)

2015-04-15

After a long period of stability, the electricity industry is in the past 15 years, in a major state of flux. First, the switching of state-monitored and regulated regional monopolies to liberalized producer and consumer markets. At the moment we are in a similar change from conventional to renewable energy production. Below the main question will be addressed whether the paradigms of the individual phases are compatible, which still have their place and which should be modified. Moreover, it is shown that the current market design of the future cannot be designed on a blank sheet, but existing structures have to be considered. Given the stage of monopolies, the liberalization and the started energy turnaround respectively in terms of their sector structure, dominant generation technologies, the interaction between production and load and characteristic elements of market design and regulation are presented. Subsequently, a preliminary answer is given to the question raised. [German] Nach einer langen Phase der Stabilitaet ist die Stromwirtschaft in den vergangenen 15 Jahren stark in Bewegung geraten. Zunaechst stand der Wechsel von staatlich ueberwachten und regulierten Gebietsmonopolen hin zu liberalisierten Erzeuger und Verbrauchermaerkten an. Im Moment befinden wir uns in einem aehnlichen Umbruch, weg von konventioneller hin zu erneuerbarer Energieerzeugung. Im Folgenden soll der Leitfrage nachgegangen werden, ob die Paradigmen der einzelnen Phasen miteinander vereinbar sind, welche noch immer ihre Daseinsberechtigung haben und welche modifiziert werden sollten. Darueber hinaus wird gezeigt, dass das Strommarktdesign der Zukunft nicht auf einem leeren Blatt entworfen werden kann, sondern bestehende Strukturen zu beruecksichtigen sind. Dazu werden die Phase der Monopolwirtschaft, der Liberalisierung sowie der begonnenen Energiewende jeweils hinsichtlich ihrer Sektor Struktur, dominierenden Erzeugungstechnologien, des Zusammenspiels zwischen Erzeugung und Last

The energy of the future. Fourth monitoring report on the energy turnaround. A good piece of work; Die Energie der Zukunft. Vierter Monitoring-Bericht zur Energiewende. Ein gutes Stueck Arbeit

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2015-11-15

.132 Petajoule den niedrigsten Stand seit 1990. Die erneuerbaren Energien sind Deutschlands wichtigste Stromquelle. Der Anteil erneuerbarer Energie am Stromverbrauch lag im ersten Halbjahr 2015 erstmals ueber 30 Prozent. Beim Ausbau der erneuerbaren Energien im Stromsektor liegt Deutschland auf Zielkurs. Die Hoehe der EEG-Umlage hat sich stabilisiert. Die durchschnittliche Steigerung der Energieeffizienz zwischen 2008 und 2014 lag mit 1,6 Prozent unter dem im Energiekonzept der Bundesregierung vorgesehenen Wert von 2,1 Prozent. Hier besteht weiterer Handlungsbedarf. Die Bundesregierung hat darum mit dem am 3. Dezember 2014 beschlossenen Nationalen Aktionsplan Energieeffizienz die Anstrengungen zur Effizienzsteigerung gebuendelt und verstaerkt. Der Endenergieverbrauch im Verkehr war 2014 rund 1,7 Prozent hoeher als 2005. Um das Ziel einer Senkung des Endenergieverbrauchs um 10 Prozent gegenueber 2005 zu erreichen, sind weitere Anstrengungen erforderlich. Zum ersten Mal seit ueber zehn Jahren sanken zu Beginn des Jahres 2015 die Strompreise fuer Haushaltskunden. Fuer Industrie- und Gewerbekunden, die nicht unter Entlastungsregelungen fallen, sind die Strompreise im Jahr 2014 nahezu konstant geblieben. Der Boersenstrompreis ist 2014 um weitere 10 Prozent zurueckgegangen und auch in 2015 weiter gefallen. Im Jahr 2014 hat Deutschland fossile Energietraeger im Wert von rund 81 Milliarden Euro eingefuehrt. 2013 waren es noch rund 95 Milliarden Euro. Zu den gesunkenen Importausgaben haben vor allem niedrigere Rohstoffpreise, aber auch geringere Importmengen beigetragen.

Economic evaluation of innovative storage technologies in energy systems with a high share of renewable energies; Oekonomische Bewertung von innovativen Speichertechnologien in Energiesystemen mit einem hohen Anteil erneuerbarer Energien

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kondziella, Hendrik

2017-04-13

This work addresses the question of whether the ongoing transformation to a low-carbon energy system in Germany will also create market opportunities for innovative market participants, in particular for storage operators. The economic effects that occur in energy systems with high levels of variable renewable energy (vEE) can be measured by their integration costs. Scientific research into the additional storage and flexibility needs of such an energy system often addresses imbalances in the system balance sheet. The respective methods are, however, based on different assumptions and framework conditions, so that the results can only be compared with one another to a limited extent. The hourly fluctuating wholesale price on the electricity exchange is an important indicator to signal the need for flexibility. Many analyzes use historical or predicted pricing time series to evaluate storage options. However, while the feedback of the operation of an energy storage on the market prices is left out. Therefore, a method is developed in this work to estimate the impact of an increasing market volume of storage and other flexibility options on spot market prices. The influence of storage use on electricity demand and spot market prices in 2020 and 2030 is examined. The scenarios to be defined for the electricity market are model-based and evaluated. To answer the question, techno-economic models, e.g. The MICOES power market model for power plant deployment planning, the DeSiflex model for smoothing residual load through integrated flexibility options and the Arturflex model for estimating arbitrage gains through the use of flexibility options on the spot market. [German] Diese Arbeit geht der Frage nach, ob sich durch die stattfindende Transformation zu einem kohlenstoffarmen Energiesystem in Deutschland auch Marktchancen fuer innovative Marktteilnehmer, insbesondere fuer Speicherbetreiber, herausbilden. Die oekonomischen Effekte, die in Energiesystemen mit hohen

Acceptance and citizen participation for renewable energies. Findings from the research of acceptance and participation; Akzeptanz und Buergerbeteiligung fuer Erneuerbare Energien. Erkenntnisse aus Akzeptanz- und Partizipationsforschung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wunderlich, Clemens

2012-11-15

The review under consideration reports on the acceptance and citizen participation in renewable energies. First of all, the authors define the term acceptance and describe the process of how this term is developed. Subsequently, the authors use the results of a representative survey by TNS Infratest (Munich, Federal Republic of Germany) in order to describe the peculiarity of the technology-specific acceptance of renewable energies in Germany. The facility-related acceptance of renewable energies is described in conjunction with the question whether there is a so-called NIMBY (Not in my backyard effect). Acceptable solutions for the problems of acceptance are presented based on two best practice examples by means of different procedures of the citizen's participation.

Normung (Standardisierung)

Science.gov (United States)

Kostmann, Dirk

Normung ist aus dem täglichen Leben nicht wegzudenken. In allen Bereichen des Lebens begegnet man Normen, die Aktivitäten reichen von Festlegungen für Kindersitze im Auto über Implantate zum Gelenkersatz bis zu Schraubengrößen oder Verfahren zur Optimierung von Unternehmen.

Underground storage with floating cover. An overview; Erdbeckenspeicher mit schwimmender Abdeckung. Eine Uebersicht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Heller, A.; Maureschat, G.; Duer, K. [Technical Univ. of Denmark, Lyngby (Denmark). Dept. of Buildings and Energy

1998-12-31

A number of underground stores have been developed in recent years in Denmark. The development has been subsidised with funds of `Development program renewable energy` launched by the Danish Ministry for Environment and Energy. First experience reports on underground storage show that more emphasis must be put on the development of storage sealing and cover construction. Hence research works currently focuses on the investigation of liner material and further development of floating cover constructions. The target is the development of underground storage using solar energy for heating that can compete with conventional heating systems technically and economically. (orig.) [Deutsch] In Daenemark hat man in den letzten Jahren eine Reihe von Erdbeckenspeichern entwickelt. Die Entwicklung wird mit Mitteln aus dem `Entwicklungsprogramm Erneuerbare Energie` vom daenischen Umwelt- und Energieministerium finanziell gefoerdert. Die ersten Erfahrungen mit Erdbeckenspeichern haben gezeigt, dass ein verstaerkter Einsatz bei der Entwicklung von Abdichtungen des Speichers und von Deckelkonstruktionen gefordert ist. Deshalb wird in Daenemark aktuell mit der Untersuchung von Linermaterialien und der Weiterentwicklung von schwimmenden Deckelkonstruktionen gearbeitet. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, Erdbeckenspeicher zu entwickeln, die die Ausnutzung von Sonnenenergie zur Waermeversorgung im Vergleich mit herkoemmlicher Waermeversorgung sowohl technisch als auch oekonomisch konkurrenzfaehig macht. (orig.)

Importance of hydropower for the global power generation; Bedeutung der Wasserkraft fuer die weltweite Stromerzeugung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schiffer, Hans-Wilhelm [World Energy Council, London (United Kingdom). World Energy Resources; RWE AG, Essen (Germany)

2015-10-15

The renewable energy sources have in the last ten years - not only in Germany, but also worldwide - can post disproportionately strong growth rates. This is especially true in the electricity production. Especially the new renewable energies have a stable, strong growth and gain as compared to the conventional generation ever more ground. Nevertheless, hydropower remains by far the most important source of renewable energy in electricity generation. An analysis shows that hydropower can make significant contributions to sustainable and climate-friendly energy supply by 2050, if it is possible to raise their still unused potential. [German] Die erneuerbaren Energien haben in den letzten zehn Jahren - nicht nur in Deutschland, sondern auch weltweit - ueberproportional starke Zuwachsraten verbuchen koennen. Dies gilt insbesondere in der Stromerzeugung. Gerade die neuen erneuerbaren Energien weisen ein bestaendiges, starkes Wachstum auf und gewinnen so gegenueber der konventionellen Erzeugung immer weiter an Boden. Trotzdem ist die Wasserkraft unveraendert die mit Abstand bedeutendste erneuerbare Energiequelle in der Stromerzeugung. Eine Analyse zeigt, dass die Wasserkraft bis 2050 signifikante Beitraege zu einer nachhaltigen und klimaschonenden Energieversorgung leisten kann, wenn es gelingt, ihre noch ungenutzen Potenziale zu heben.

Diesel engine cogeneration plants in the context of integration of renewable energy sources in power supply; Dieselmotor-Kraft-Waerme-Kopplungsanlagen im Kontext der Integration Erneuerbarer Energien in die Energieversorgung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sievers, John

2010-10-29

The aim of this thesis is to investigate and assess future options, potentials, strengths and weaknesses of cogeneration of heat and power. This is carried out against the background of global climate change and the integration of an increasing share of fluctuating renewable energies in power generation considering the necessity of guaranteeing a reliable, efficient, sustainable and cost effective power supply. It is assumed that the transition process to an entirely renewable energy-based electricity generation in Germany will considerably depend on the integration of wind energy because of its economic competitiveness, environmental friendliness and potential. However, power generation using wind energy fluctuates quite considerably. Diesel motors are here investigated as a decentralized integration instrument. Thanks to their great flexibility, high efficiency and relatively low nominal capacity, they perfectly meet the requirements for the simultaneous decentralized use of heat. Boundary conditions of Diesel motor combined heat and power plants (CHP) are analyzed and described in this work, different models for wind energy integration are elaborated, and these models are used for several variations to simulate the balance of wind energy by cogeneration. In this context, environmental impacts are discussed. Common assessment methods on environmental impacts of CHP distort the results. The so-called output method is developed and described, by which the final assessment of environmental impacts is not implicitly mixed - as is commonly the case - with the calculation of environmental impacts. This output method is used to compare CHP generation with other energy conversion processes within the context of power generation including insulation of buildings, the use of different fuels and different applications for cogeneration. This work clearly demonstrates that while bio fuel resources can be optimally used for power generation, cogenerated electricity could also

Collective commitment for local bio energy projects. Motives and experiences of the initiators: An interview study of German renewable energy projects; Kollektives Engagement fuer kommunale Bioenergieprojekte. Motive und Erfahrungen der Initiatoren: Eine Interviewstudie deutschlandweiter erneuerbarer Energieprojekte

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rehatschek, Anja

2009-07-01

With the help of a sustainable power production, local bio energy projects connect ecological, economic and social solutions for the climate protection and the environment protection, for the support of the agriculture and forestry as well as for living together in the rural area. Past investigations concern primarily consider the collective commitment and the effects of such projects on the population. Under this aspect, the contribution under consideration is occupied with the acting of the initiators of the bio energy projects during the management of their tasks: Which conditions and motives of the initiators affect the conversion process? Under which conditions do the initiators arrive their goal? Which cognitive abilities, strategies of motivation and experiences particularly are important? For the qualitative investigation of these questions, five initiators of German local bio energy projects were interviewed. The results of these interviews are presented by means of paradigm models. It could be shown that both the person of the initiator and the relation of the person to the environment crucially contribute to the conversion of local bio energy projects.

Solution-Processed Small Molecule Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells: Molecular, Morphological, Interfacial and Device Engineering

OpenAIRE

Min, Jie

2015-01-01

In letzter Zeit haben erneuerbare Energien wie Windkraft, Biomasse, und Solarenergie mehr und mehr an Aufmerksamkeit gewonnen. Neben den verschiedenen Technologien im Feld der erneuerbaren Energien ist die Photovoltaik (PV) eines der bekanntesten geworden. Derzeit lässt sich die PV Technologie in drei Generationen einteilen. Verglichen mit den anderen beiden Klassen der PV auf dem Markt, besitzt die organische Photovoltaik (OPV) vorherrschende Vorteile wie Leichtgewicht, mechanische Flexibi...

Profitability and value-adding analyses for university IT and load balancing of renewable energies; Wirtschaftlichkeits- und Wertbeitragsanalysen fuer Hochschul-IT und Lastbalancierung erneuerbarer Energien

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Klages, Marc

2011-08-19

Subject of the interdisciplinary work are the following priorities: Discussion and results of the economic opportunities and risks as well as sociotechnological relationships in the use of a campus management system (CMS) under strong college complex organizational structures. Various stages in the life cycle of a software solution are affected. The main focus lies in the context of the underlying themes on the selection, integration and migration of CMS. In particular, the research results of a complex process model for the creation of an economic analysis to integrate CMS solutions form the major focus. Investigation of the status quo of external funding and its IT-based management at German universities. Characterization of the actual situation, development of science-based target concepts and derivation of possible implications and relevant recommendations for action for the organizational and process-oriented (re)design of IT support. Green Business (GB) as a global enterprise framework to increase sustainability in supply chains for the purposes of corporate governance. IT serves as an operative trigger to the strategic sustainability goals of companies. Fluctuations caused by renewable energy (RE), endanger the stability in the European energy network and lead to inefficient compensation and balancing power. In-depth investigations show two main approaches to increase network stability: producer-sided load management through active management of virtual power plants (VPP) based on neuro simulated forecasting methods under various use of real-time information (such as weather data) and prize-controlled, semiautomated use of energy on the demand-side. All these research activities have this in common: they underscore the relevance of information systems for effective organization- and workflow-design and the development of potentials as well as fundamental benefit effects. For the organizational- and project-success, however, the choice of investment volume

New renewable energy sources and efficient power consumption at NOK: Promoting - testing - informing. Neue erneuerbare Energien und rationelle Stromanwendung bei den NOK: Foerdern - Pruefen - Informieren

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kueffer, K; Baumberger, H [Nordostschweizerische Kraftwerke AG (NOK), Baden (Switzerland)

1991-09-18

In accordance with the operating principles, the Nordostschweizerische Kraftwerke (NOK) has decided on a comprehensive programme dedicated to opening up new sources of renewable energy and also to reducing demand by means of efficient power consumption. Intensive promotion, testing and information should ensure that, on the one hand, a premature condemnation of both possibilities and, on the other hand, exaggerated hopes can be avoided. (orig.).

Financial Inclusion: Reformen in den Bereichen Verbraucherschutz und finanzielle Allgemeinbildung

OpenAIRE

Christa Hainz

2011-01-01

Nicht zuletzt der Mangel an wirksamer Offenlegung von Informationen und irreführende Werbung auf Seiten der Anbieter sowie mangelndes Verständnis bezüglich Finanzprodukten auf Seiten der Konsumenten trugen dazu bei, dass der Markt für Subprime-Hypotheken in den USA zusammenbrach. Eine Verbesserung dieses institutionellen Umfelds sollte deshalb dazu dienen, derart negative Entwicklungen in der Zukunft zu verhindern. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick, welche Industrieländer Reformen in den Berei...

Entwicklung und Test einer logfilebasierten Metrik zur Analyse von Website Entries am Beispiel einer akademischen Universitäts-Website

OpenAIRE

Mayr, Philipp

2004-01-01

Web Logfiles protokollieren Benutzertransaktionen auf Webservern und bieten aufgrund ihres Umfangs, ihrer Eigenschaften und Potenziale ein ausgezeichnetes Untersuchungsfeld für heutige Informations- und Onlineverhaltensstudien. Die empirische, explorative Untersuchung aus den Bereichen Web Mining, Webometrics und Logfileanalyse stellt neue Gesichtspunkte und Analysemöglichkeiten für Logdaten vor. Zu diesem Zweck entwickelt und testet die Arbeit ein quantitatives, nicht-reaktives Messverfahren...

Customer Relationship Management: Der Weg zur profitablen Kundenbeziehung

OpenAIRE

Bach, Volker; Gronover, Sandra; Schmid, Roland

2000-01-01

Im Umfeld steigender Kundenanforderungen und neuer technologischer Möglichkeiten verspricht Customer Relationship Management, Instrumente für profitables Kundenbeziehungsmanagement zu bieten. Notwendig ist dazu das Zusammenspiel vieler Bausteine, vom Internet-Auftritt über Call Center und Data Warehouses bis zu neuen Organisationsformen in kundennahen Bereichen. Der Beitrag stellt dazu ein grobes Vorgehen und die wesentlichen Gestaltungsfelder vor: Kundenprozesse, Multi-Channel- & Customer-Ma...

Neue Möglichkeiten in der archäologischen arbeit durch den Einsatz digitales Bildauswertung und photogrammetrischer Messtechniken

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jan Wesbuer

2005-01-01

Full Text Available Die digitale Bildbearbeitung und die digitale Photogrammetrie haben in den letzten Jahren, neben vielen anderen Gebieten, die Dokumentation von Ausgrabungsstätten beeinflusst. Die Photogrammetrie hat ihren Ursprung in der Vermessungskunde. Sie wird heutzutage in vielen Bereichen der Ingenieurwissenschaften eingesetzt und hat somit viele Schnittbereiche zu angrenzenden wissenschaftlichen Gebieten. In der Archäologie hat sie daher die Möglichkeit, in vielen Bereichen die herkömmliche Geodäsie zu erweitern bzw. neue Möglichkeiten der Visualisierung zu schaffen oder bei der Bildauswertung zu helfen.Durch die Bildbearbeitung ist es heutzutage möglich, schnell und vor Ort die Dokumentation vorzunehmen. Mit ihrer Hilfe können z.B. nicht orthogonale Aufnahmen perspektivisch entzerrt werden, so dass in ihnen wieder gemessen werden kann.Der Artikel unterteilt sich in 3 Bereiche:• als erstes werden die Möglichkeiten der digitalen Bildbearbeitung bzw. Auswertung von Photos dargestellt.• danach wird auf die photogrammetrische Auswertung und Vermessung von Ausgrabungsstätten eingegangen. • und zuletzt werden einige Visualisierungsmöglichkeiten gezeigt, die mit Hilfe der photogrammetrischen Auswertung und 3DModellerstellung realisiert werden können.

EEG. Renewables Act. Comment. 3. new rev. and enl. ed.; EEG. Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz. Kommentar

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Frenz, Walter [Rheinisch-Westfaelische Technische Hochschule (RWTH), Aachen (Germany). Lehr- und Forschungsgebiet Berg-, Umwelt- und Europarecht; Mueggenborg, Hans-Juergen (eds.) [Kassel Univ. (Germany)

2013-05-01

Like hardly any other law, the Renewable Energy Sources Law (EEG) is a subject to continuing modifications. This makes the application of the already complicated regulations even for experts to a special challenge. With the proven Berliner comment EEG, now a reliable companion through the bureaucratic jungle is available. All regulations of the EEG are commented precisely and easily to understand by profound experts. An extensive selection of terminology enables a rapid orientation within this book. In addition to the excursions to renewable energy technologies, this book also describes the structural aspects in the establishment of a photovoltaic system.

Outsourcing Marketing Activities - a strategic option for energy suppliers. Increasing efficiency and reducing costs; Netzvertraeglichkeitspruefungen nach dem Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz. Verpflichtung zur Vorlage der Netzdaten

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Weissenborn, C. [Bereich Recht und Umwelt, Verband der Elektrizitaetswirtschaft - VDEW - e.V., Berlin (Germany)

2006-07-03

The transfer or certain functions in a company which do not belong to the originary core of the business to specialists has becom a normal attitude in economy nowadays. Thus it is no longer something special to decide for outsourcing facturing, personnel, legal or IT service departments. Up to now, marketing was not included in such considerations, not in energy industry at least. The following article shows that this might change in the years to come and explains which advantages could be achieved by outsourcing marketing activities and transferring them to third parties.

Ergebnisse einer empirischen Untersuchung zur Klangfarbenwahmehmung von Vorschulkindern mit einem Klangmemory

OpenAIRE

Schellberg, Gabriele

1998-01-01

Im Unterschied zu anderen Bereichen der musikalischen Wahrnehmung gibt es zur Klangfarbenwahmehmung nur wenige Untersuchungen. Ein Grund dafür dürfte in den methodischen Schwierigkeiten liegen, die insbesondere bei der Untersuchung kleiner Kinder auftreten. Ein Klangfarbentest für Vorschulkinder existiert bislang nicht. Daher wurde nach mehreren Voruntersuchungen ein „Klangfarben-Memory“ als Methode entwickelt und bei Vorschulkindern eingesetzt. Die Ergebnisse dieser empirischen Studie werden...

Fallstudie Brose Fahrzeugtechnik GmbH & Co. KG - Verbesserung des Anfrageprozesses im Einkauf der Brose Fahrzeugtechnik GmbH & Co. KG

OpenAIRE

Senger, Enrico; Österle, Hubert

2003-01-01

Die Brose Fahrzeugtechnik liefert Fensterheber, Türschlösser, Türsysteme und Sitzverstel-lungen an die Automobilindustrie. Sie realisierte einen kooperativen Anfrageprozess mit ihren externen Zulieferern und ihren drei internen in die Beschaffung involvierten Bereiche (Zentraleinkauf, Kundenteameinkäufer und Werkseinkauf). Die Anfragen gehen von den internen Bereichen elektronisch an die potentiellen Lieferanten. Im Gegensatz zu früher besitzen alle internen Bereiche vollständige Transparenz ...

Wie schreiben sprachschwache Kinder? Beitrag zum Zusammenhang zwischen explizitem und implizitem Sprachwissen

OpenAIRE

Schaller, Pascale

2017-01-01

Der Beitrag fokussiert den Zusammenhang zwischen sprachlich explizitem und implizitem Wissen in den Bereichen Wortschatz, Grammatik und Orthographie bei sprachschwachen Kindern. Er plädiert dafür, Schreiben als Sprachhandlung aufzufassen und neben dem Textprodukt den Schreibprozess und die Sprachwissensvoraussetzungen der Kinder als diagnostisch relevante Aspekte zu reflektieren. Anhand empirischer Analysen aus einer explorativen Studie wird aufgezeigt, dass sich das Verhältnis von explizitem...

Anforderungen des Nicht-Elektrischen Explosionsschutzes im Produktentwicklungsprozess

OpenAIRE

Herbst, Sabrina; Engelmann, Frank; Grote, Karl-Heinrich

2016-01-01

Einleitung Der Faktor Zeit nimmt in unserer heutigen Gesellschaft einen bedeutsamen Platz in den unterschiedlichsten Bereichen unseres Lebens und Wirkens ein. Beispielsweise verbreiten sich Nachrichten weltweit innerhalb von Minuten, Reisezeiten verkürzen sich von Tagen auf mehrere Stunden (Kurpjuweit 2013) und die Hersteller von Unterhaltungselektronik verkürzen die Produktlebenszyklen um neue Produkte schneller am Markt zu platzieren (Scheimann 2011). Die Reduzierung des Produktlebens...

dena grid study II. Integration of renewable energy sources into the German power supply system until 2020; dena - Netzstudie II. Integration erneuerbarer Energien in die deutsche Stromversorgung bis 2020

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Agricola, Annegret C.; Seidl, Hannes; Zoch, Immo (comps.)

2010-12-15

With its broad system approach, dena Grid Study II describes new ways of developing Germany's integrated grid with regard to the expansion of renewable energy sources and taking not only an economically optimised conventional power generation system but also European power trading into account. Basis for detailed grid planning. Having investigated many different transmission technologies, grid management measures and options for increasing flexibility on both the supply and demand side, the study does much more than simply identify grid expansion requirements, it shows the path towards overall optimisation of the energy supply system. In addition to robustly identifying grid expansion requirements, dena Grid Study II provides a very sound basis for further detailed grid planning and the identification of specific power routes in the German power transmission grid. Increasing grid expansion requirements. dena Grid Study II investigates the expansion of electricity generation from renewable energy sources to 39 percent by 2020. However, this is just an interim goal. By as soon as 2030, the German Federal Government is planning to raise the proportion of renewable electricity generation to 50 percent. This shows that even after 2020, further adaptation of grid infrastructure will still be necessary. Practical action required. If the grid expansion required to integrate renewable energy sources is to be achieved rapidly, there is an urgent need to back up the grid expansion scenarios presented in dena Grid Study II with practical action. (orig.)

Three ways to storage solution. ''Lead or Lithium?''. This is not the only basic issue in a storage system; Drei Wege zur Speicherloesung. ''Blei oder Lithium?'' Dies ist nicht die einzige Grundsatzfrage bei einem Speichersystem

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Welter, Philippe; Siemer, Jochen

2013-06-15

The number of solar power storage systems offered is now in the hundreds, if one includes all possible product combinations. We show in the following pages a selection of examples of typical solutions, which are by the KfW program ''Renewable Energy - Storage'' eligible''. With various modifications, they can be divided into three groups: battery inverter with built-in storage, external storage on the DC side of the PV system and stand-alone systems on AC power. [German] Die Zahl der angebotenen Solarstromspeichersysteme geht mittlerweile in die Hunderte, wenn man alle moeglichen Produktkombinationen einbezieht. Wir zeigen auf den folgenden Seiten eine exemplarische Auswahl an typischen Loesungen, die mittels KfW-Programm ''Erneuerbare Energien - Speicher'' foerderfaehig sind. Mit diversen Modifikationen lassen sie sich in drei Gruppen einteilen: Akkuwechselrichter mit integriertem Speicher, externe Speicher an der Gleichstromseite der Photovoltaikanlage und Stand-alone-Systeme am Wechselstromnetz.

Risk energy transition. Ways out of the impasse; Risiko Energiewende. Wege aus der Sackgasse

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kleinknecht, Konrad [Muenchen Univ., Garching (Germany). Fakultaet fuer Physik

2015-07-01

The exit of the use of nuclear energy in Germany, it was decided in the summer of 2011 in a rush. Now it is becoming obvious that there is no realistic plan for the conversion of energy supply in the envisaged deadline of ten years. For the conversion of our entire power supply and therefore our economy the period is too short. It lacks a robust empirical reason that have to deal with the issues of security of supply, the affordability, the impact on economic development and social justice. Thus, this treansition threatens to fail at their contradictions. Konrad Kleinknecht tries in his book, to name the problems and to find answers. For him, arise the following questions: What are our opportunity to replace with wind and solar power to replace a part of the power supply? What power sources provide secured capacity? Can we dispense with coal-fired plants? Do we need new power lines? How power may be stored? How real is the risk of blackouts in windless nights? Will the power prices continue to rise? Can be avoided the major risks of the energy transition with a fundamental reform of the Renewable Energies Act (EEG)? The power supply must serve the common good and benefit the industrial site Germany. A blackout would be a disaster for the whole country, it must be avoided at all events. How can we manage this, the author present in his evocative book. [German] Der Ausstieg aus der Nutzung der Kernenergie in Deutschland wurde im Sommer 2011 im Eiltempo beschlossen. Jetzt zeigt sich, dass es keinen realistischen Plan fuer den Umbau der Energieversorgung in der vorgesehenen Frist von zehn Jahren gibt. Fuer die Umstellung unserer gesamten Stromversorgung und damit unserer Wirtschaft ist der Zeitraum zu kurz. Es fehlt eine belastbare empirische Begruendung, die Fragen der Versorgungssicherheit, der Finanzierbarkeit, der Auswirkungen auf die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung und die soziale Gerechtigkeit behandeln muesste. Somit droht diese Wende an ihren Widerspruechen zu

Cutting unemployment by a factor of two. Increased use of renewable energies would create 63000 new jobs; Nur noch halb so viele Arbeitslose. Vermehrte Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien wuerde 63000 Arbeitsplaetze schaffen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Aeberli, O

1999-07-01

In Switzerland, poor energy efficiency costs yearly about 12 billions CHF or 1700 CHF per inhabitant. More news: if renewable energies (solar and wind energy, biomass) would be promoted with concrete targets, job creation balance would result in the positive result of about 63,000 new jobs. These are conclusions from an economic study by Professor Ernst von Weizsaecker, ordered by the association 'Solar 91'. This confirms the energy policy adopted by the Swiss Association of air conditioning companies 'Clima Suisse'. (author) [German] Die mangelnde Energieeffizienz kostet der Schweiz rund 12 Millarden CHF pro Jahr oder 1700 CHF pro Einwohner. Doch damit nicht genug: durch die gezielte Foerderung der erneuerbaren Energien (Sonne, Wind, Biomasse) koennten netto rund 63,000 neue Arbeitsplaetze geschaffen werden. Dies hat eine Wirtschaftsstudie von Professor Ernst von Weizsaecker ergeben, welche die Arbeitsgemeinschaft 'Solar 91' in Auftrag gegeben hat. Der Branchenverband 'Clima Suisse' sieht sich durch diese Studie in seiner Energiepolitik bestaetigt. (author)

Renewable energies in Latin America: enterprises grow international in sustainable manner. The example of Costa Rica; Erneuerbare Energien in Lateinamerika: Die nachhaltige Internationalisierung von Unternehmen. Das Beispiel Costa Rica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Johst, Claus-Bernhardt

2009-07-01

The threshold and developing countries reject most of the demands of the Kyoto Protocol and are waiting in suspense for the renegotiations on climate protection scheduled for December 2009 in Copenhagen. The American continent will play a decisive role here, not least because, in many experts' opinion, the United States have so far done too little in response to the imminent climate change. However, there is also a noteworthy example to the contrary, where, despite a difficult market environment, a political course is being pursued in accordance with sustainability principles and in reconciliation of economic, social and ecological goals: the example of Costa Rica. After having dedicated itself for decades to ecotourism this small Central American state has now set itself the honourable goal of establishing a CO{sub 2} neutral energy supply system by the year 2021. The intent of this book is to provide enterprises of the renewable energy sector with an overview of the Central American and in particular Costa Rican region and to offer advice as to when and for whom an entry into its local energy economy will be worthwhile and what should be taken into account in the process.

Neuromarketing

OpenAIRE

Nufer, Gerd; Wallmeier, Miriam

2010-01-01

Die werbliche Belastung der Konsumenten nimmt weiter zu, während die Werbewirksamkeit der Botschaften gleichzeitig sinkt. Wie können Unternehmen ihre Kunden erreichen, um die Produkte effizient zu vermarkten? Ein neuer Lösungsansatz hierfür könnte Neuromarketing sein. Neuromarketing ist Bestandteilt der Neuroökonomie und bezeichnet eine Schnittstellendisziplin aus den Bereichen Kognitionswissenschaften, Neurowissenschaften und der Markt-forschung. Die Neurowissenschaften können durch den tech...

CKM-embedded Innovation Marketing as Success Driver for Product Innovation: Theoretical Framework and Empirical Research

OpenAIRE

Sun, Hongqing

2010-01-01

Mit zunehmender Kundenkompetenz hat sich die Rolle des Kunden von der des passiven Anwenders der Produkte oder Dienstleistungen zur der eines Partners im Wertschöpfungsprozess gewandelt. Daher ist in den letzten Jahrzehnten ein wichtiger Ansatz zum Thema "Wie innoviert man erfolgreich?" entstanden, bei dem der Kunde früher und tiefer in den Innovationsprozess integriert wird. Studien in den Bereichen Kundenbeziehungsmanagement (customer relationship management, CRM) und Wissensmanagement (kno...

Einleitung: Handhabung verbaler Daten in der Sozialforschung

OpenAIRE

Hoffmeyer-Zlotnik, Jürgen H. P.

1992-01-01

"Die Wahl quantitativer oder qualitativer Verfahren der Datenerhebung ist nicht alternativ möglich, da die Methodenwahl immer von Forschungsziel und Forschungsfrage abhängig ist. Eine die Genauigkeit von Wirkungszusammenhängen, hypothesengeleitet, überprüfende Forschung setzt ein quantitatives Verfahren voraus; sollen aber begründete Vermutungen über Regelhaftigkeiten in einzelnen Bereichen oder Feldern der sozialen Wirklichkeit gewonnen werden, so setzt dieses ein qualitatives Verfahren (in ...

Neue digitale Services und Open Access für die Geowissenschaften

OpenAIRE

Hübner, Andreas; Achterberg, Inke; Bertelmann, Roland; Elger, Kirsten; Pfurr, Norbert; Schüle, Mechthild

2017-01-01

Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde (FID GEO) Andreas Hübner (1), Inke Achterberg (2), Roland Bertelmann (1), Kirsten Elger(1), Norbert Pfurr(2), Mechthild Schüler (2) (1) Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrumGFZ, Potsdam, (2) Niedersächsische Staats-und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen Der FID GEO bietet Beratung und Services in den Bereichen Elektronisches Publizieren, Digitalisieren sowie Publikation von Forschungsdaten für die geowissenschaftliche Community in De...

Green current in gold land. The Canadian territory Yukon focuses on renewable energy sources; Gruener Strom im Goldland. Das kanadische Territorium Yukon setzt auf erneuerbare Energien

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Baumann, Berthold

2010-07-01

The report covers information on the hydropower plant Whitehorse in the Canadian Yukon territory with the dammed Schwatka Lake. Electricity for the gold town Dawson City is supplied by the hydro power plant Mayo at the Wareham Lake. A second project Mayo B is in construction. Small villages are usually supported by diesel generators. Recently some experiments are performed using wind power, specific Yukon modification of wind power stations were developed. The Yukon Energy Corporation together with Yukon Green Power has also started photovoltaic electricity generation.

Electricity feed-in laws as a universal means of promoting renewable energy? Taking a look at Brazil.; Stromeinspeisegesetze als Generalrezept zur Foerderung erneuerbarer Energien? Fallbeispiel Brasilien

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kissel, Johannes; Assmann, Dirk [GIZ Brasilien (Germany); Kolks, Corinna [Bonn Univ. (Germany)

2012-01-15

Electricity feed-in tariffs modelled on Germany's renewable energy law are giving impulses for growth and development in many other countries. However, the successes achieved with this concept should not mislead one into thinking that electricity feed-in laws are a universal promotion instrument that can be adapted to the situation of any country. Taking as an example the promotion scheme adopted in Brazil, a rising threshold country, it can be shown that there are alternative instruments for utilising the continuing cost decline to dynamise the market.

Determination of consumption biogenic solid fuels in the commercial sector, trade, services (tertiary sector). Final report; Ermittlung des Verbrauchs biogener Festbrennstoffe im Sektor Gewerbe, Handel, Dienstleistungen (GHD-Sektor). Endbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Viehmann, Cornelia; Westerkamp, Tanja; Schwenker, Andre; Schenker, Marian; Thraen, Daniela; Lenz, Volker [DBFZ Deutsches BiomasseForschungsZentrum gemeinnuetzige GmbH, Leipzig (Germany); Ebert, Marcel [Leipziger Institut fuer Energie GmbH (Ireland), Leipzig (DE)

2012-07-01

. While in the energy balance of fossil fuels for the tertiary sector is determined by residual definition, this is not possible with biogenic solid fuels, since the sum of the total energy-recycled wood (and straw) is not known. Reasons for this are that only a fraction of the fuel are sold through the official fuel trade, while at the same time a considerable variety of usable biogenic solid fuels and their sources of supply are available. For this reason, in this project, the bottom-up approach, that is the consideration of the individual selected sectors of the tertiary sector, is used for the extrapolation. The tertiary sector comprises a wide variety of different industries, but not all are suitable for using solid fuels. Therefore, first, the identification of relevant sectors for this project is necessary. In addition to the group of relevant and irrelevant industries, potentially relevant industries are reported, which despite of currently low use of solid fuels can gain important in the future. The input data of classified relevant sectors are collected in a literature review and through interviews. These are processed accordingly and entered into the part of the project to be developed extrapolation method. For a holistic view of the tertiary sector, the extrapolation method is able to include data of potentially relevant or not relevant industries. In conclusion, in this study, the extrapolation results are presented and discussed. [German] Die Politik hat sich sowohl auf nationaler als auch auf europaeischer Ebene ambitionierte Ziele zum Ausbau erneuerbarer Energien und zur Minderung der Treibhausgasemissionen gesetzt. Im Nationalen Aktionsplan fuer Erneuerbare Energien der Bundesrepublik Deutschland sind diese Ziele bis zum Jahr 2020 definiert. Der Anteil erneuerbarer Energien bei der Bereitstellung von Waerme und Kaelte soll demnach von 6,6 % auf 15,5 % des Bruttoendenergieverbrauches steigen. Entsprechend der zunehmenden Bedeutung der solarthermischen

Geometrische und stochastische Modelle zur Verarbeitung von 3D-Kameradaten am Beispiel menschlicher Bewegungsanalysen

OpenAIRE

Westfeld, Patrick

2012-01-01

Die dreidimensionale Erfassung der Form und Lage eines beliebigen Objekts durch die flexiblen Methoden und Verfahren der Photogrammetrie spielt für ein breites Spektrum technisch-industrieller und naturwissenschaftlicher Einsatzgebiete eine große Rolle. Die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten reichen von Messaufgaben im Automobil-, Maschinen- und Schiffbau über die Erstellung komplexer 3D-Modelle in Architektur, Archäologie und Denkmalpflege bis hin zu Bewegungsanalysen in Bereichen der Strömungsmesstech...

Small Hydropower - The comeback of small hydropower stations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Niederhaeusern, A.

2008-01-01

This issue of the 'Erneuerbare Energien' (renewable energies) magazine published by the Swiss Solar Energy Society takes a look at small hydropower projects in Switzerland. In a number of interviews and articles, various topics concerning small hydropower are dealt with. First of all, an interview with Bruno Guggisberg, previously responsible for small hydro at the Swiss Federal Office of Energy, examines the potential of small hydro and the various political, technical and economic influences on such projects. Further articles provide an overview of the various types of small hydro schemes, including power generation using height differences in drinking-water and wastewater installations. As far as the components of small hydro schemes are concerned, various types of turbines and further system components that are needed are examined. A further article takes a look at the small hydro market and the market players involved. Ecological aspects and research activities are discussed in further articles. In a second interview with Martin Boelli, presently responsible for small hydropower at the Swiss Federal Office of Energy, the unused potential for the use of hydropower in Switzerland is discussed. Examples of small-scale hydro schemes are examined and the support offered by the Small Hydropower Program is discussed. Finally the question is asked, if the small hydro market in Switzerland is overheated as a result of promotion schemes such as cost-covering remuneration for electricity from renewable energy sources.

Effects of an enhanced promotion of renewable energies on the investment dynamics in a conventional power plant plant. Interim report; Auswirkung einer verstaerkten Foerderung erneuerbarer Energien auf die Investitionsdynamik im konventionellen Kraftwerkspark. Teilbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Harthan, Ralph Oliver; Seebach, Dominik [Oeko-Institut e.V. - Institut fuer Angewandte Oekologie, Berlin (Germany); Boettger, Diana; Bruckner, Thomas [Leipzig Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Infrastruktur und Ressourcenmanagement

2012-03-26

A core component of the German government's Energy Concept is the expansion of electricity production from renewable energies. The German government also decided to decommission or not reactivate eight nuclear power plants following the nuclear catastrophe in Fukushima. For the outstanding reactors in Germany it determined shorter remaining lifetimes. As a result electricity production in Germany is facing extensive transformation. The feed-in of renewable energies influence power plant dispatch and thereby also the electricity price. Since renewable energies are supported by a set price for their feed-in, their production occurs independently of demand with the result that the electricity price on the spot markets falls. Similarly the electricity price on the spot markets is lower in the case of the lifetime extension of nuclear power plants than without such an extension as a result of the low marginal costs of such plants. Moreover an increased feed-in of renewable energies or the lifetime extension of nuclear power plants leads to a lower electricity production in other conventional (fossil) power plants. This has an impact on the dispatch of power plants and the long-term development of the power plant fleet (arising from decommissioned plants and new investments). A lower electricity price, fewer operating hours for fossil power plants and a lifetime extension for nuclear power plants can lead to the profitable operation of fossil power plants no longer being possible and such plants being either decommissioned or mothballed. Similarly, comparatively higher electricity prices resulting from a quicker phase-out of nuclear energy can lead to an improvement in profitability and thereby also a reactivation of mothballed power plants or the retrofitting of fossil power plants. In this research project an iterative consideration of the short-term dispatch of power plants in a dispatch model and of the long-term decommissioning and investment effects in a power

How much electricity really costs. Comparison of the state subsidisation and overall social costs of conventional and renewable energy resources; Was Strom wirklich kostet. Vergleich der staatlichen Foerderungen und gesamtgesellschaftlichen Kosten konventioneller und erneuerbarer Energien

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kuechler, Swantje; Meyer, Bettina

2012-07-01

This study explains how the costs of electricity are an aggregate of different components. The electricity price paid by the end consumer contains not only the actual costs of energy production, which make up only about a third of the actual price in an average household, but also different surcharges such as network charges, electricity tax, value added tax and the concession levy. It furthermore contains the allocation charge stipulated by the Renewable Energy Law (EEG reallocation charge) as a means of allocating the costs of the subsidisation of electricity from renewable resources to the consumers. On the other hand conventional energy resources such as nuclear energy, hard coal and brown coal have substantially benefited over many decades from state subsidies in the form of financial aids, tax rebates and other promotive measures. The main difference between this and the subsidisation of renewable energy is that the costs of conventional energy resources are largely charged to the state budget rather than being made transparent in the electricity price. Based on an evaluation of the literature, data, interviews and the authors' own methodological deliberations this study makes a systematic comparison of the direct as well as indirect state subsidisation of renewable and conventional energy resources during the period from 1970 until 2012. The annual totals obtained for each energy resources are then set in relation to the share of that resource in overall electricity production, yielding specific subsidisation rates in terms of cents per kWh for each resource. This does not yet take into account the high consequential costs in the form of environmental damage and climate-related damage caused by fossil and nuclear fuels as well as the risks associated with the latter (collectively referred to as ''external costs''), all of which are charged to the polluters only at a small fraction of the true amount. The two cost categories of state

Moderne Groupware-Umgebung am KIT: Microsoft SharePoint 2013

OpenAIRE

Grindler, Sabine; Wörl, Ronny

2014-01-01

Anwender aus den Bereichen Verwaltung, Forschung und Lehre am Karlsruher Institut für Technologie nutzen Microsoft SharePoint Teamseiten als zentrale Groupware-Plattform. Seit letztem Jahr ist die aktuelle Version SharePoint 2013 im Einsatz. Ein Mehrwert der neuen Plattform ist die Office Web Apps Technologie, die eine gemeinsame Bearbeitung von Office-Dokumenten im Web-Browser ermöglicht. Die einfache Zusammenarbeit mit internen und externen Partnern erhöht ebenfalls die Akzeptanz für die Ve...

Texturierung und Visualisierung virtueller 3D-Stadtmodelle

OpenAIRE

Lorenz, Haik

2011-01-01

Im Mittelpunkt dieser Arbeit stehen virtuelle 3D-Stadtmodelle, die Objekte, Phänomene und Prozesse in urbanen Räumen in digitaler Form repräsentieren. Sie haben sich zu einem Kernthema von Geoinformationssystemen entwickelt und bilden einen zentralen Bestandteil geovirtueller 3D-Welten. Virtuelle 3D-Stadtmodelle finden nicht nur Verwendung als Mittel für Experten in Bereichen wie Stadtplanung, Funknetzplanung, oder Lärmanalyse, sondern auch für allgemeine Nutzer, die realitätsnah dargestellte...

Electrically driven heat pumps. Latest results from research and field tests; Elektrisch angetriebene Waermepumpen. Aktuelle Ergebnisse aus Forschung und Feldtests

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Braungardt, Simon; Guenther, Danny; Miara, Marek; Wapler, Jeannette [Fraunhofer-Institut fuer Solare Energiesysteme (ISE), Freiburg im Breisgau (Germany); Wessing, Werner [E.ON Ruhrgas AG, Essen (Germany)

2013-11-01

Electric heat pumps have become firmly established in the German heating market. In recent years they have gained an eight to ten per cent share of the market. Approximately every fourth new building is heated with a heat pump. Whereas until a few years ago ground source heat pumps were still sold the most, the sales figures have shifted in recent years in favour of air source heat pumps. Carefully planned, heat pump systems compare very economically with other heating systems, whereby their higher procurement costs are offset by their lower energy and operating costs. Heat pumps are also competitive in terms of their ecological balance. This situation is continually improving with the growing proportion of renewable energies used for supplying electricity. [German] Auf dem deutschen Heizungsmarkt haben sich elektrische Waermepumpen als feste Groesse etabliert. Ihr Marktanteil lag in den letzten Jahren zwischen acht und zehn Prozent. Etwa jeder vierte Neubau wird mit einer Waermepumpe beheizt. Waehrend vor einigen Jahren noch ueberwiegend Erdreich-Waermepumpen verkauft wurden, haben sich die Verkaufszahlen in den letzten Jahren zugunsten der Aussenluft-Waermepumpen verschoben. Sorgfaeltig geplant, koennen Waermepumpenanlagen oekonomisch sehr gut gegenueber anderen Heizsystemen bestehen. Den hoeheren Anschaffungskosten stehen niedrigere Energie- und Betriebskosten gegenueber. Auch in der oekologischen Bilanz sind Waermepumpen konkurrenzfaehig. Die Position verbessert sich stetig mit dem wachsenden Anteil erneuerbarer Energien bei der Stromversorgung.

Implications from the climatic change dynamics for research and development concerning renewable energies in Germany; Implikationen aus der Dynamik des Klimawandels fuer Forschung und Entwicklung erneuerbarer Energien in Deutschland

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lewerenz, Jana Celeste

2009-03-15

The climatic change is a fact. The contribution of the fourth IPCC (international panel on climate change) report is covered in the first chapter of the volume, describing the increase of anthropogenic greenhouse gas production during the last centuries, possible mitigation strategies, unavoidable consequences, macroeconomic costs for stabilizing the greenhouse gas emissions and possibilities of renewable energy resources. The second chapter is the Stern report 2006 on the existing scientific literature concerning the climatic change and its consequences, risk analyses and cost estimations for greenhouse gas reduction strategies on the one hand and costs of the possibly catastrophic consequences of the climate change on the other hand. The third chapter is the pilot study of the Federal Ministry of environment, nature conservation and nuclear safety 2007/2008. The fourth chapter is the contribution of the scientific commission of the Federal government on global environmental changes (WBGU) no 5: new stimuli for the climate policy: chances of the German double presidency. The fifth chapter covers the Meseberg topics - the integrated energy and climate program (IEKP) followed by a discussion of the described contributions.

Responsibility, safety and certainty. A new consensus on nuclear waste disposal. Final report

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2016-05-25

With the consent of all parties represented in the Bundestag, the Federal Republic of Germany resolved to properly end the use of nuclear energy for power generation. The legal framework for the energy transition is provided by the consensus reached on nuclear energy in 2001 and the Nuclear Power Phase-Out Act (Atomgesetz, hereinafter: Atomic Energy Act) passed in 2002 and amended in 2011, together with the Renewable Energy Sources Act (Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz, hereinafter: Renewable Energy Act), the Energy Industry Act (Energiewirtschaftsgesetz) and extensive provisions on accelerating the construction of power lines in Germany. Nuclear energy plants will have gradually phased out their power generation operations by the end of the year 2022. The decision to phase out nuclear power plants has entailed major changes in radioactive waste management - dismantling, packaging spent fuel in containers, and interim storage and final disposal. For one thing, the amount of radioactive waste requiring final storage is now easier to calculate and to limit, in contrast with periods of indefinite operation. Limiting the operating lives of nuclear plants also shortens the period in which assets can be generated for the decreased amounts of high-level, intermediate-level and low-level waste. Along with the phase-out, the rapidly expanding renewable energy market and continued integration into the European Single Market has changed market conditions for nuclear power plant operators. Not only have new market participants joined the competition for power generation - due to a surplus and, ultimately, to price erosion in the international fuel markets, stock market prices for power have dropped dramatically. This has affected nuclear power plant operators in particular, because of their large share in conventional power generation.

Renewable energies and competition in the power economy. Governmental regulation - comparison between Germany and Great Britain; Erneuerbare Energien und Wettbewerb in der Elektrizitaetswirtschaft. Staatliche Regulierung im Vergleich zwischen Deutschland und Grossbritannien

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Suck, A.

2008-07-01

Throughout Europe the energy economy faces two major challenges from new governmental regulation, namely regulation for the purposes of climate policy and regulation for the introduction of competition to what used to be monopolistic sectors. With regard to the growing regulatory influence of the European Union the author of this British-German comparative study analyses how diverging structures of governmental organisation and historical paths of development have led to different regulatory approaches to the market introduction of renewable energies and the liberalisation of the power economy. He offers an in-depth analysis of the differences in success the two countries success have had in developing sustainable electricity production systems and establishing competitive structures in the power sector.

Swiss statistics on renewable energy - Biogas - Collection of biogas data from regional wastewater treatment plants; Schweizerische Statistik erneuerbarer Energien - Teilstatistik Biogas - Erfassung Biogasdaten aus kommunalen ARA

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Buri, R.; Kobel, B.

2000-07-01

This final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy presents the results of a project that involved the collection of data on the production of biogas in wastewater treatment plants that each serve at least 200 inhabitants. The methods used to collect and verify the data are described. The assessment methods used to evaluate the findings are discussed, as is the extrapolation method used. The results are compared with the data previously used. Further, a data collection concept for use in subsequent years is described that involves the segregation of the wastewater treatment plants into three size categories. A comprehensive annex provides details on the data collection and the paperwork used, a list of the addresses of the wastewater facilities involved, an estimate of electrical power consumption and individual power production, the calculation of average efficiencies and tables of data.

Cost and prices of electricity. Fossil fuels, nuclear power and renewable energy sources in comparison; Kosten und Preise fuer Strom. Fossile, Atomstrom und Erneuerbare Energien im Vergleich

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Muehlenhoff, Joerg

2011-09-15

Consumers of electricity pay for production, transport and distribution as well as for taxes and dues. Electricity rates depend on various influencing factors, e.g. different fuel and capital cost of the power plants and the ratio of supply and demand in the electricity stock markets. End user electricity rats also include taxes and dues as well as the cost of power transmission. The publication presents background information on the formation of electricity rates in Germany. In a second step, the different cost factors of fossil fuels, nuclear power and renewable energy sources are compared. In particular, the external cost is gone into which often tends to be neglected in the electricity markets.

Empathy and the Big Five

OpenAIRE

Paulus, Christoph

2016-01-01

Del Barrio et al. (2004) haben vor mehr als 10 Jahren versucht, eine direkte Beziehung zwischen Empathie und den Big Five herzustellen. Im Mittel hatten in ihrer Stichprobe Frauen höhere Werte in der Empathie und auf den Big Five-Faktoren mit Ausnahme des Faktors Neurotizismus. Zusammenhänge zu Empathie fanden sie in den Bereichen Offenheit, Verträglichkeit, Gewissenhaftigkeit und Extraversion. In unseren Daten besitzen Frauen sowohl in der Empathie als auch den Big Five signifikant höhere We...

Zur Beteiligung und Bedeutung von Großeltern in strittigen Sorgerechtsverfahren

OpenAIRE

Speidel, Leonie

2009-01-01

Die Beteiligung und Bedeutung von Großeltern in strittigen Sorgerechtsverfahren wurde anhand von 28 kinder- und jugendpsychiatrischen Gutachten über 36 Kinder analysiert. Die Beteiligung der Großeltern an familiären Interaktionen sowie ihre vielfältigen Rollen und Funktionen in der Familie nehmen nach der Trennung zu. Ihre Bedeutsamkeit steigt vor allem für ihre Enkel an. Vor der Separation unterstützen die Großeltern die Eltern in finanziellen Bereichen, im Haushalt und stundenweise i...

Definition of a remuneration system for heat from renewable resources; Ausgestaltung einer Einspeiseverguetung fuer erneuerbare Waerme

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dettli, R.; Ott, W.; Philippen, D.; Umbricht, A.

2009-06-15

This report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) deals with proposals for a remuneration system for heat obtained from renewable resources. Local and regional district heating systems cover around three percent of Swiss heating needs. The authors estimate that, if these systems were to be operated completely using renewable resources such as biomass, ambient heat and the renewable portion of heat from waste incineration, around seven per cent of needs could be met. Further, around 10,000 heating systems with a power of more than 350 kW could be operated with renewables. A further potential for the use of renewable heating resources can be found in wastewater treatment plants and industrial waste heat. Various obstacles and restraints on the use of renewable resources in the heating area are discussed. The idea of providing a cost-covering remuneration system for heat is discussed and compared with that for renewable electricity. The proposed system is discussed, which would provide investment subsidies, risk-coverage and project development subsidies. The report discusses the results of a market analysis and the differences to be found between the markets for electricity and heat. Existing promotional programs are noted and the aims of a possible remuneration system are discussed. A concept for a promotion program for renewable heat generation and the use of waste heat is introduced. The installations to be promoted and the amount of remuneration to be paid out are discussed. Finally, the costs and the effects of the proposed promotion scheme are discussed. A comprehensive appendix provides details on the proposed system and provides information on market volume, energy resources, networks and infrastructure, providers of heat energy, heat consumers and general conditions as far as factors such as pricing and legislation are concerned. Finally, the 'Climate Cent' foundation is commented on.

European emission trading, renewable energy law and the law of governmental environmental allowances; Europaeischer Emissionshandel, Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz und das Recht der Umweltbeihilfen. Plaedoyer fuer einen ''more environmental approach'' im EU-Wettbewerbsrecht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jacobs, Max

2016-07-01

The book on European emission trading, renewable energy law and the law of governmental environmental allowances covers the following issues: The European emission trading system and the European law on competition, the European emission trading system and competitive concerns; The European renewable energy law and the European law on competition, The European renewable energy law and competitive concerns; environmental protection the European competition policy.

Emotion und pädagogische Professionalität : Die Bedeutung des Umgangs mit Gefühlen für sozialpädagogische Berufe

OpenAIRE

Daßler, Henning

1999-01-01

Der Pädagogik im allgemeinen und der Sozialpädagogik im besonderen fällt es schwer, Kriterien und Möglichkeiten ihrer eigenen Professionalität zu definieren. Eine wesentliche Ursache dafür liegt in der Schwierigkeit, die emotionale Dimension des beruflichen Handelns in ihrer Bedeutung zu erkennen und in einer angemessenen Weise wissenschaftlich zu erschließen. Die ungenügende Beachtung von Emotion läßt sich in drei Bereichen aufzeigen: In der Analyse der gesellschaftlichen Veränderungen, die ...

Comparing the feed-in tariff incentives for renewable electricity in Ontario and Germany

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mabee, Warren E.; Mannion, Justine; Carpenter, Tom

2012-01-01

The development of feed-in tariff (FIT) programs to support green electricity in Ontario (the Green Energy and Green Economy Act of 2009) and Germany (the Erneuerbare Energien-Gesetz of 2000) is compared. The two policies are highly comparable, offering similar rates for most renewable electricity technologies. Major differences between the policies include the level of differentiation found in the German policy, as well as the use of a price degression strategy for FIT rates in Germany compared to an escalation strategy in Ontario. The German renewable electricity portfolio is relatively balanced, compared to Ontario where wind power dominates the portfolio. At the federal level, Canada does not yet have a policy similar to the European Directive on Renewable Energy, and this lack may impact decisions taken by manufacturers of renewable technologies who consider establishing operations in the province. Ontario's Green Energy and Green Economy Act could be benefit from lessons in the German system, especially with regard to degression of feed-in tariff rates over time, which could significantly reduce payments to producers over the course of a contract, and in turn encourage greater competitiveness among renewable power providers in the future. - Highlights: ► We compare two jurisdictions that utilize feed-in tariffs to support renewable electricity. ► Complementary policy such as mandated renewable energy use in conjunction with tariffs increases certainty for investors. ► Targeted incentives in the form of adders can deliver more diversity in renewable generation capacity. ► Degression of tariff rates delivers renewable generation capacity at lower cost.

Radiation Safety Report 2003, Forschungszentrum Rossendorf e.V. and Verein fuer Kernverfahrenstechnik und Analytik Rossendorf e.V.; Jahresbericht Strahlenschutz 2003 des Forschungszentrums Rossendorf e.V. und des Vereins fuer Kernverfahrenstechnik und Analytik Rossendorf e.V.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sahre, P. (comp.)

2004-03-01

The annual report contains information and measured data obtained with the routine monitoring and measuring activities performed in 2003 at the VKTA and the nuclear research center, FZR, referring to health physics measurements and individual dosimetry of internal and external personnel, and ambient radioactivity monitoring in the area of the two facilities. [German] Der Jahresbericht informiert ueber die Taetigkeiten und die Messwerte des Jahres 2003, die im VKTA und FZR routinemaessig durchgefuehrt und gemessen wurden in den Bereichen: 1. Personenueberwachung, berufliche Strahlenexposition von internen Mitarbeitern oder externem Personal von Fremdfirmen. 2. Strahlenschutzumgebungsueberwachung. (orig./AJ)

Automatische Ableitung und Anwendung von Regeln für die Rekonstruktion von Fassaden aus heterogenen Sensordaten

OpenAIRE

Becker, Susanne

2011-01-01

3D-Stadtmodelle finden seit einigen Jahren in immer stärkerem Maß und in den verschiedensten Bereichen Verwendung. Sie bilden unter anderem die Grundlage bei Stadtplanungen, für virtuelle Stadtrundgänge oder für die Berechnung von Simulationen. Internetdiensten wie Google Earth oder Microsoft Bing Maps ist es zu verdanken, dass 3D-Darstellungen von Gebäuden mittlerweile auch für eine breite Öffentlichkeit allgegenwärtig sind. Die erhöhte Nachfrage nach 3D-Gebäudemodellen verlangt nach effizie...

Mobile with renewable energy. Marketable solutions for climate-friendly electromobility; Erneuerbar mobil. Marktfaehige Loesungen fuer eine klimafreundliche Elektromobilitaet

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2011-03-15

This publication presents the goals envisioned by the German Federal Environmental Ministry for electromobility, which are outlined by the four keywords clean, gentle, economic, and practical. It then reports on focal areas of state funding and on projects: field trials on electromobility in private automotive traffic; field trials on electromobility in commercial automotive traffic; hybrid busses for environmentally friendly public transport; accompanying scientific research; and battery recycling.

Energy conservation in urban areas in the framework of a sustainable transportation concept

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shahin, M.

2001-07-01

study. In addition, two commercial software programs are used: (1) a computer-aided transport planning called 'VISUM' established at the PTV Systems Software and Constructing GmbH Karlsruhe-Germany, and (2) a computer-aided interactive system called 'DYNAMIS' established at the Institute for Transportation, Railways Construction and Operation of Hannover University, Hannover-Germany. Moreover and for the aim of assisting the developing countries to produce energy and emission models, the German-Swiss emissions model 'Handbuch der Emissionsfaktoren des Strassenverkehrs 1999' is studied, explained and examined. Also, a new approach was developed, within the framework of this study, 'Push-down and Push-up' with the aim of sustainable energy consumption in the transport sector. Finally, the application illustrates the technical, environmental, and economical benefits of the sustainable transport concept. (orig.) [German] Unsere Lebensqualitaet haengt in grossem Masse vom Verkehr ab. Verkehr ermoeglicht eine individuelle Freiheit und Unabhaengigkeit fuer den Transport von Personen und Guetern in modern entwickelten Wirtschaftssystemen. Allerdings treten durch den Verkehr auch eine Vielzahl von unerwnschten Nebenwirkungen auf. Der Verkehrssektor ist einer der groessten Energieverbraucher (hauptsaechlich fossiler Brennstoffe). Die entstehenden Emissionen fuehren sowohl zu negativen lokalen Beeintraechtigungen der Gesundheit wie auch zu einer Erhoehung der CO{sub 2}-Konzentrationen weltweit, die eine entscheidende Rolle fuer das Klima der Erde spielen. Zudem ist der Verkehrssektor weiterhin verantwortlich fuer eine Reihe gesellschaftlicher Probleme, wie beispielsweise Flaechenverbrauch und Verkehrssicherheit. Die steigende Motorisierung in einer bestehendem staedtischen Infrastruktur ist heutzutage nicht nachhaltig. Petroleumtreibstoffe, von denen heute noch fast alle Verkehrssysteme abhaengig sind, sind nicht erneuerbar. Zusammenfassend

Electricity conflicts. Self-conception and strategic action of the electricity industry between politics, industry, the environment and the public (1970-1989); Stromkonflikte. Selbstverstaendnis und strategisches Handeln der Stromwirtschaft zwischen Politik, Industrie, Umwelt und Oeffentlichkeit (1970-1989)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Erhardt, Hendrik

2017-07-01

The energy industry has undergone a fundamental transformation process over the past 50 years. The author examines in this study the beginnings and challenges of this process since the 1970s on the basis of previously unevaluated corporate and association sources. For the areas of energy demand, industry and the environment and the public, the author analyzes the behavior of the electricity industry, which since the 1970s has been moving between persistence and change pressure. What leeway did the companies have in these three areas? How did the energy suppliers' actions shape the German energy system? And how did their actions change their image in public? These questions the changes in the energy industry have so far neither been scientifically adequately investigated nor adequately reflected by the actors themselves. The results of the work thus make an important contribution to the analysis of the beginnings the energy transition. [German] Die Energiewirtschaft hat in den vergangenen knapp 50 Jahren einen fundamentalen Transformationsprozess durchlaufen. Hendrik Ehrhardt untersucht in dieser Studie die Anfaenge und Herausforderungen dieses Prozesses seit den 1970er Jahren anhand bisher nicht ausgewerteter Unternehmens- und Verbandsquellen. Fuer die Bereiche Energiebedarf, Industrie sowie Umwelt und Oeffentlichkeit analysiert er das Handeln der Stromwirtschaft, das sich seit den 1970er Jahren zwischen Beharrungsvermoegen und Veraenderungsdruck bewegte. Welche Entscheidungsspielraeume hatten die Unternehmen in diesen drei Bereichen? Wie formte das Handeln der Energieversorger das deutsche Energiesystem? Und wie veraenderte deren Handeln ihr Bild in der Oeffentlichkeit? Diese Fragen nach dem Wandel in der Energiewirtschaft wurden bisher weder wissenschaftlich hinreichend untersucht, noch von den Akteuren selbst ausreichend reflektiert. Die Ergebnisse der Arbeit leisten damit einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Analyse der Anfaenge der Energiewende.

The merit order effect of wind and photovoltaic electricity generation in Germany 2008–2016: Estimation and distributional implications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cludius, Johanna; Hermann, Hauke; Matthes, Felix Chr.; Graichen, Verena

2014-01-01

Generation from renewable energy sources in Germany has experienced a considerable uptake in recent years. Mainly responsible for this development is the German Renewable Energy Sources Act (Erneuerbare Energien Gesetz, EEG). This paper considers redistributive implications of the EEG for different electricity consumers. Using time-series regression analysis, we show that electricity generation by wind and PV has reduced spot market prices considerably by 6 €/MWh in 2010 rising to 10 €/MWh in 2012. We use these results to build a near-term forecasting tool for merit order effects, projected to reach 14-16 €/MWh in 2016. On the other hand, the costs of the EEG are passed forward to consumers in the form of a surcharge. Our findings highlight significant redistributive transfers under the current design of the EEG. In particular, some energy-intensive industries are benefiting from lower wholesale electricity prices whilst being largely exempted from contributing to the costs of the scheme. We also highlight implications of our results for other areas for reform of the EEG, such as adequate remuneration mechanisms that ensure efficient operation and investment decisions are made under the scheme. More generally, these findings suggest that policy makers need to integrate distributional assessments into policy design and implementation. - Highlights: • The German Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) has important distributional impacts on different electricity consumers. • Likely wealth transfers from households and small business to energy-intensive industry. • Merit order effects of around 10 €/MWh in 2012 are set to rise to 14–16 €/MWh in 2016. • These effects likely overcompensate exempt industry for contribution to cost of the EEG. • Implications for short- and long-term reform of the EEG and the design of renewable energy policy in general

Running-gear Tech 2001; Fahrwerk-Tech 2001. Tagung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-07-01

Dynamic driving characteristics, active safety and high comfort are conflicting goals which can be combined by active vehicle management systems. The conference discussed modern tools and methods in the fields of design, simulation and experiment. [German] Im Zielkonflikt zwischen Fahrdynamik, aktiver Sicherheit und Komfort bieten Fahrzeugregelsysteme enorme Moeglichkeiten. Systeme fuer Bremsen, Stabilisierung, Daempfung, Aufbaukontrolle und Fahrerassistenz werden in der Zukunft zu einem Fahrwerksmanagement verschmelzen. Diese Fahrzeugintelligenz erfordert moderne Tools und Methoden im Bereich Konzeption, Simulation und Versuch. Die Tagung Fahrwerk-Tech 2001 wird das Fahrwerk in dieser Gesamtheit betrachten und Experten aus den verschiedenen Bereichen zusammen bringen. (orig.)

Oberbergamt fuer das Saarland und das Land Rheinland-Pfalz, Bergamt Saarbruecken / Bergamt Rheinland-Pfalz. Annual report 1998. Economic and technical aspects, industrial safety and environmental protection, statistics, activities of the mining authorities; Oberbergamt fuer das Saarland und das Land Rheinland-Pfalz, Bergamt Saarbruecken / Bergamt Rheinland-Pfalz. Jahresbericht 1998. Bergwirtschaft, Bergtechnik, Arbeitsschutz, Umweltschutz, Statistiken, Taetigkeiten der Bergbehoerde

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Boettcher, R.; Hugo, K.H.; Kuhn, M.; Strauch, T. [comps.

1999-07-01

After outlining developmental trends in the various mining sectors as well as the structure and tasks of the State Mines Inspectorate, the annual report describes the activities in the fields of health and industrial safety, mining engineering and safety, and the environmental effects of mining activities, as well as special accidents and incidents. (HS) [German] Nach einem Ueberblick ueber die bergwirtschaftliche Entwicklung in den einzelnen Bergbauzweigen sowie ueber den Aufbau und die Zustaendigkeit der Bergbehoerde werden die Aktivitaeten in den Bereichen Arbeits- und Gesundheitsschutz, Bergtechnik und Sicherheit, Bergbau und Umwelt sowie bemerkenswerte Unfaelle und Vorkommnisse beschrieben. (HS)

Modernization of heating systems. System solutions by renewabel heat in residnetial buildings. Consultant package; Heizungsmodernisierung. Systemloesungen mit erneuerbarer Waerme in Wohngebaeuden. Beratungspaket

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hartmann, F.

2008-07-01

Energy conservation measures in the area of buildings can considerably contribute to the planned reduction of CO{sub 2} emissions particularly if they are not only carried out in the field of new buildings but also in existing buildings. In this booklet technical possibilities and bases of constructional thermal insulation in modern construction engineering are described in detail. In this connection the following subjects are gone into: Low-energy houses, bases of heat and humidity technology, correct heating and ventilating, thermal insulation of heating systems and water heaters, renewable energy sources, legal obligations like energy passport, support possibilities, energy diagnosis and counselling. (GL) [German] Das Beratungspaket Heizungsmodernisierung wird Sie bei der Beratung und Kundeninformation rund um die Modernisierung von Heizungsanlagen unterstuetzen. Ansprechende Grafiken erleichtern die Orientierung in den technischen Details und geben Einblick in die Komplexitaet der Heizungsmodernisierung mit Hilfe regenerativer Energietechnik. Die Komponenten eines modernen, zeitgemaessen Heizsystems werden ebenso behandelt wie Investitionskosten, Betriebskosten und staatliche Foerderung. Von allgemeinen Informationen zur Waermeerzeugung fuer Heizung und Warmwasser bis hin zu wirtschaftlichen Alternativen durch Sonnenwaerme, Waermepumpen oder Heiztechnik mit Holz finden Sie alles, was der Kunde ueber moderne Heizsysteme fuer den Bestand wissen moechte. Auf der beiligenden CD-ROM finden Sie anschauliche Praesentationsgrafiken sowie Checklisten, die Sie zur Vorbereitung und im Kundengespraech nutzen oder Ihrem Kunden als Informationsmaterial ueberreichen koennen. (orig./GL)

Monopolies, liberalization, energy transition. Electricity market design between change and constancy; Monopole, Liberalisierung, Energiewende. Strommarktdesign zwischen Wandel und Konstanz

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Grashof, Katherina; Zipp, Alexander [Hochschule fuer Technik und Wirtschaft (HTW), Saarbruecken (Germany). Abt. Energiemaerkte; Lechtenboehmer, Stefan [Wuppertal Institut fuer Klima Umwelt Energie (Germany). Forschungsgruppe 1: Zukuenftige Energie- und Mobilitaetsstrukturen; Jachmann, Henning [Zentrum fuer Sonnenenergie und Wasserstoff-Forschung Baden-Wuerttemberg (ZSW), Stuttgart (Germany); Wille-Haussmann, Bernhard [Fraunhofer-Institut fuer Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg (Germany). Elektrische Verteilnetze und Betriebsmittel; Reeg, Matthias [Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Stuttgart (Germany). Fachbereich Systemanalyse und Technikbewertung

2015-09-15

After a long period of stability, the electricity industry is in the past 15 years in a major state of flux. With the liberalization the change of area monopolies to competitively organized producer and consumer markets was pending. At present a very similar upheaval takes place, which is characterized by the transition from conventional to renewable power generation. But are the paradigms of each phase compatible and has plenty of still their right to exist, or is a modification necessary? The electricity market design of the future cannot designed on a blank sheet, but it must be taken into account existing structures. At the same time, the question must be answered whether the choice between regulatory or market-based approaches also differs with the possibility of precision of control. [German] Nach einer langen Phase der Stabilitaet ist die Stromwirtschaft in den vergangenen 15 Jahren stark in Bewegung geraten. Mit der Liberalisierung stand zunaechst der Wechsel von Gebietsmonopolen hin zu wettbewerblich organisierten Erzeuger- und Verbrauchermaerkten an. Derzeit findet ein ganz aehnlicher Umbruch statt, der vom Uebergang von konventioneller hin zu erneuerbarer Stromerzeugung gekennzeichnet ist. Aber sind die Paradigmen der einzelnen Phasen miteinander vereinbar und hat jede fuer sich noch immer ihre Daseinsberechtigung, oder ist hier eine Modifizierung notwendig? Das Strommarktdesign der Zukunft kann nicht auf einem leeren Blatt entworfen, sondern es muessen bestehende Strukturen beruecksichtigt werden. Gleichzeitig ist die Frage zu beantworten, ob die Wahl zwischen regulatorischen oder marktbasierten Ansaetzen sich auch anhand der mit ihnen moeglichen Praezision der Steuerung unterscheidet.

Service concepts EnBW Baltic-1 and Baltic-2 and first operational experiences with the offshore wind farm EnBW Baltic-1; Servicekonzepte EnBW Baltic-1 und Baltic-2 sowie erste Betriebserfahrungen des Offshore-Windparks EnBW Baltic-1

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Boll, Michael [EnBW Erneuerbare Energien GmbH, Stuttgart (Germany)

2013-02-01

EnBW Erneuerbare Energien GmbH, a wholly-owned subsidiary of EnBW AG, intends to operate two offshore wind farms in each of the Baltic and North Sea, respectively. The main distinguishing criterion for service concepts for operating offshore wind farms is the question of the service base location and of the maritime logistics. The paper provides an exemplary comparison between land- and sea-based service concepts, and assumes accessibility of the plant at specific offshore locations under various weather conditions. The paper not only presents the so far satisfactory production results of EnBW Baltic 1 but also informs about experience with weather conditions in the Baltic and about type and frequency of services provided there.

The market premium of the German Renewable Energy Sources Act 2012. Does it really contribute to both market and system integration of renewables?; Die Marktpraemie im EEG 2012. Ein sinnvoller Beitrag zur Markt- und Systemintegration erneuerbarer Energien?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gawel, Erik [Helmholtz-Zentrum fuer Umweltforschung, Leipzig (Germany). Dept. Oekonomie; Univ. Leipzig (Germany). Inst. fuer Infrastruktur und Ressourcenmanagement; Purkus, Alexandra [Helmholtz-Zentrum fuer Umweltforschung (Germany). Dept. Bioenergie

2013-03-15

With the share of renewable energies within the electricity sector rising, improving their market integration (i.e. inclusion in the steering and remuneration processes of the electricity market) and system integration (i.e. enhanced responsibility for grid stability) is of increasing importance. To transform the energy system efficiently while ensuring security of supply, it is necessary to increase the alignment of renewable electricity production with short- and long-term market signals. The German Renewable Energy Sources Act 2012 introduced the market premium to provide market experience to renewable plant operators and incentives for demand-oriented electricity production. Shortly after its introduction, the instrument is already being criticised as ineffective and expensive. Building on early experiences, this article examines whether the market premium in its current design improves market and/or system integration, and if it seems suitable in principle to contribute to these aims (effectiveness). Also, potential efficiency gains and additional costs of ''administering integration'' are discussed (efficiency). While market integration in a strict sense (i.e. exposing renewables to price risks) is not the purpose of the market premium, it has successfully increased participation in direct marketing. However, windfall profits are high, and the benefits of gradually leading plant operators towards the market are questionable. Incentives for demand-oriented electricity production are established, but they prove insufficient particularly in the case of intermittent renewable energy sources. A continuation of the instrument in its current form therefore does not seem recommendable. To conclude, potential alternative solutions are presented.

Aactor GT - Development of an inverse gas-turbine that uses renewable energy sources and industrial waste heat - Phase 2; Aactor GT - Entwicklung einer Inversen Gasturbine 'Aactor' zur Nutzung erneuerbarer Energie und industrieller Abwaerme. Phase 2 - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schmid, M.

2009-09-15

This final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) presents the results of the second phase of the development of a small-scale gas turbine that can use lean gas. The aim of this project phase - the design of a project development unit (PDU) for a micro-turbine with a nominal grid feeding power of 2.4 kWe is discussed. Parallel to this work, peripheral components such as burner and recovery device shall also be designed, produced and tested in the laboratories of the Swiss Center for Appropriate Technology and Social Ecology. The burner is specially designed for the combustion of lean gases. The goals of the following project phase, including the production and field-testing of the unit are discussed. On the basis of this PDU, a prototype lean gas micro-turbine with 9 kWe electrical generation power is to be derived. Project goals, work done and results obtained are reviewed, as is further work to be done.

1. expert congress on geothermal power: On the way to a new energy future. Proceedings; 1. Fachkongress Geothermischer Strom: Start in eine neue Energiezukunft. Tagungsband

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2003-07-01

Tagungsband befasst sich mit den folgenden Themen: 1. Allgemeiner Teil: a) Die Rolle der Geothermie im Rahmen einer zukunftsfaehigen Energieversorgung; b) Effiziente Foerderinstrumente fuer Erneuerbare Energien; c) Geothermische Ressourcen fuer die Stromerzeugung (TAB-Studie); d) Vom Potenzial zur Nutzung - Konzepte fuer die geothermische Stromerzeugung in Deutschland; e) Eine energiewirtschaftliche Einordnung der Geothermie in das Energiesystem der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Vergleich der unterschiedlichen Techniken, des Entwicklungsstandes, Marktpotenzials geothermischer Stromerzeugung und der bisher gemachten Erfahrungen in den laufenden Projekten. 2. Lokalbezug und Poster: a) Erkundung, Aufschluss, Bau und Betrieb der geothermischen Anlage in Neustadt-Glewe; b) Technisches Konzept des geothermischen Kraftwerks Neustadt-Glewe. 3. Exploration, Bohrtechnik: a) Abschaetzung der Erfolgswahrscheinlichkeit bei geothermischen Bohrungen; b) Seismische Exploration, Reservoirmodellierung und Reservoirsimulation zum Geothermieprojekt; c) Bohrtechnik und Bohrkosten fuer Sedimentgesteine. Bohren im Kristallin. 3. Komplettierung, Frac-Technik: a) Frac-Technik im Kristallin; b) Frac-Technik in Sedimenten; c) New-Technology MWD and LWD Systems Designed for Ultra-Deepwater and Geothermal Drilling; d) Weiterentwicklung geothermischer Stromerzeugung im sueddeutschen Kristallin. 4. Verstromung Geothermischer Energie: a) Effizienz der geothermischen Stromerzeugung; b) Duales Heizwerk gespeist mit einem geothermalen Wasser einer mittleren Enthalpie; c) Das Geothermiefeld der Insel Milos in Griechenland: Aktuelle geothermische Exploration und Entwicklung. 5. Poster der Tagung: a) Der UGGW - das innovative Konzept zur Standort unabhaengigen Stromerzeugung; b) Geothermische Ressourcen Russlands und Nutzungsprognose bis 2020; c) Auf der Lernkurve zum Geothermischen Strom: Das In situ Geothermielabor Gross Schoenebeck; d) Waermebegleitende Tiefbohrzemente: Zusammensetzungen, Untersuchungsmethode

Measures for a sustainable energy supply in the domain of mobility. Progress report; Massnahmen fuer eine nachhaltige Energieversorgung im Bereich Mobilitaet. Sachstandsbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gruenwald, R.; Oertel, D.; Paschen, H.

2002-06-01

An efficient influence on traffic can generally not be achieved by an individual instrument or by few instruments. Numerous coordinated measures from all domains of traffic policy (Investment policy, price policy, order policy, organisational measures, public affairs work) are required instead. Thus it can be guaranteed that counter-productive effects do not impede reaching the desired targets. The effects of individual measures must supplement and strengthen each other. These synergy effects allow keeping the intensity of individual measures, such as the price policy at a low level and limiting adaptation shocks. A tendency scenario and sustainability scenario until 2020 are defined for a quantitative analysis of the effects of such measure bundle. The period from 2020 until 2050 is merely considered in terms of quality. (orig.) [German] Eine wirksame Verkehrsbeeinflussung kann grundsaetzlich nicht durch ein einzelnes Instrument oder durch wenige Instrumente erreicht werden. Vielmehr ist hierfuer ein abgestimmtes Buendel von Massnahmen aus allen verkehrspolitischen Bereichen (Investitionspolitik, Preispolitik, Ordnungspolitik, organisatorische Massnahmen, Oeffentlichkeitsarbeit) notwendig. Dadurch wird gewaehrleistet, dass die Erreichung der angestrebten Ziele nicht durch gegenlaeufige Wirkungen behindert wird. Die Wirkungen einzelner Massnahmen muessen sich ergaenzen und gegenseitig verstaerken. Solche Synergieeffekte wiederum gestatten es, die Intensitaet von einzelnen Massnahmen, z.B. der Preispolitik, vergleichsweise gering zu halten und damit Anpassungsschocks zu begrenzen. Zur quantitativen Analyse der Wirkungen solcher Massnahmenbuendel werden ein Trendszenario und ein Nachhaltigkeitsszenario bis 2020 definiert. Fuer den Zeitraum 2020 bis 2050 werden lediglich qualitative Ueberlegungen angestellt. (orig.)

Strategy for the expansion of renewable energies. An investigation of the pricing strategy of the Renewable Energy Law from the viewpoint of an evolutionary cybernetic theory of economic policy; Die Strategie des Ausbaus erneuerbarer Energien. Eine Untersuchung der Preissetzungsstrategie des EEGs aus Sicht einer evolutorisch-kybernetischen Theorie der Wirtschaftspolitik

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schlueter, Fabian

2015-11-01

This publication reports on how the steadily increasing costs caused by the Renewable Energy Law (EEG) have brought the German strategy for the expansion of renewable energies under criticism. According to theories of regulatory economic policy, which state that politico-economic incentives of this kind must necessarily result in an inefficient allocation of scarce resources, this cost increase can be interpreted as a direct consequence of the price intervention. The present publication takes a critical stance on this viewpoint, developing for its purpose a new position on regulatory policy referred to as the evolutionary cybernetic theory of economic policy. It starts out from the works of F.A. von Hayek, which it then takes a significant step further however. The author argues that price interventions can be meaningful strategies of economic policy as long as they are aimed at a temporary initiation of market development towards sustainability and efficiency. Based on this model conception of a shrewd pricing strategy the publication undertakes an analysis from the perspective of regulatory policy of the German subsidisation of renewable energies. In the process it not only reveals errors in design of the EEG but also makes a proposal for an amendment that could be effective in cutting through the present price dynamics. In presenting its recommendation of a self-steering expansion policy the publication not only contributes to the further development of an evolutionary cybernetic theory of economic policy but addresses the urgent problem of how to wisely use regulatory policy to create pricing strategies which serve the expansion of renewable energies.

Creation and evaluation of a database of renewable production time series and other data for energy system modelling; Aufbau und Bewertung einer fuer die Energiemodellierung verwendbaren Datenbasis an Zeitreihen erneuerbarer Erzeugung und sonstiger Daten

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Janker, Karl Albert

2015-01-28

This thesis describes a model which generates renewable power generation time series as input data for energy system models. The focus is on photovoltaic systems and wind turbines. The basis is a high resolution global raster data set of weather data for many years. This data is validated, corrected and preprocessed. The composition of the hourly generation data is done via simulation of the respective technology. The generated time series are aggregated for different regions and are validated against historical production time series.

Inductive charging of electric cars. A techno-economic assessment; Induktives Laden von Elektromobilen. Eine techno-oekonomische Bewertung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schraven, Sebastian; Kley, Fabian; Wietschel, Martin [Fraunhofer-Institut fuer System- und Innovationsforschung (ISI), Karlsruhe (Germany). Competence Center Energy Politik und Energie Systeme

2010-07-01

Most concepts for charging of electric vehicles are based on cables that must be plugged in and out. In case of frequent charging or short-term charging, however, this may be impractical, and an inductive (cableless) solution would be preferable. The contribution attempts to analyze if inductive power transmission is technically feasible in electric vehicles, and in what areas it will be economically attractive to users. To begin with, the two charging technologies are presented and compared. This is followed by a cost assessment. It is found that the inductive technology involves significant additional cost, so it cannot be expected to spread quickly. In certain conditions, however, it may be applicable as a niche technology in certain commercial applications, e.g. taxis. (orig.) [German] In den bisher diskutierten Konzepten zur Ladung von Elektrofahrzeugen ist die kabelgebundene (konduktive) Ladung vorherrschend, bei der der Nutzer das Kabel zur Ladung ein- bzw. wieder ausstecken muss. Haeufige Ladevorgaenge und insbesondere Kurzladungen lassen jedoch dieses Ein- und Ausstecken neben der reduzierten Reichweite des Elektrofahrzeugs unpraktisch in der Nutzung erscheinen. Demgegenueber bietet die induktive (kabellose) Energieuebertragung das Laden ohne erforderlichen Nutzereingriff. Der vorliegende Artikel versucht die Fragen zu beantworten, ob ein Einsatz der induktiven Energieuebertragung bereits technisch zur Ladung von Elektrofahrzeugen realisierbar ist, und in welchen Bereichen diese eine wirtschaftlich attraktive Loesung fuer den Nutzer darstellt. Dazu werden zunaechst die Ladetechnologien vor- und technisch gegenuebergestellt. Auf Basis einer Kostenbetrachtung ist auch ein oekonomischer Vergleich der beiden Ladetechnologien moeglich. Es zeigt sich, dass aus wirtschaftlicher Sicht aufgrund signifikanter Mehrkosten vorlaeufig kein weitverbreiteter Einsatz der induktiven Technik zu erwarten ist. Unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen ergibt sich aber ein begrenztes

Nestle favours NH{sub 3} and CO{sub 2} for refrigeration. Conversion of a deep freeze store from R13 B1 to natural refrigerants; Nestle setzt auf NH{sub 3} und den Kaeltetraeger CO{sub 2}. Umruestung der Kaelteversorgung eines Grosstiefkuehllagers vom FCKW R 13 B1 auf natuerliche Kaeltemittel

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gebhardt, H. [Nestec Ltd., Vevey (Switzerland)

2001-11-01

The freeze store of the Nestle company were converted from CFC refrigerants to natural refrigerants, i.e. NH{sub 3} and CO{sub 2}. [German] Der Ausstieg aus den sogennanten Sicherheitskaeltemitteln aufgrund ihres Ozongefaehrdungs- bzw. Treibhauspotentials stellt viele Grosskaelteabnehmer vor die Frage der Alternative. Hiervon betroffen ist auch der weltweit taetige Nestle-Konzern, denn zahlreiche Prozesse sind auf die Kaeltetechnik angewiesen. Auf der Suche nach technischen Loesungen hat Nestle einen eigenen Kurs eingeschlagen, indem neben dem Kaeltemittel NH{sub 3} auch CO{sub 2} als Kaeltetraeger eingesetzt wird. Dies mit vielversprechenden Ergebnissen, die auch Argumente fuer den Einsatz von NH{sub 3}/CO{sub 2} in anderen Bereichen der Kaeltetechnik liefern. (orig.)

Paperback atlas of anatomical sectional images: Computerized tomography and NMR imaging. Vol. 1. Head, neck, vertebral column, joints; Taschenatlas der Schnittbildanatomie: Computertomographie und Kernspintomographie. Bd. 1. Kopf, Hals, Wirbelsaeule, Gelenke

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Moeller, T.B. [Caritas-Krankenhaus, Dillingen (Germany); Reif, E. [Caritas-Krankenhaus, Dillingen (Germany)

1993-12-31

Using the nomenclature relating to X-ray findings, the paperback atlas provides a concise, yet accurate description of fine anatomical structures visualized by sectional imaging procedures. Each of the approx. 250 sample images shown for the regions of the head (including neurocranium), vertebral column, neck, thorax, abdomen and muscosceletal system (including joints) is supplemented with a drawing that permits an immediate identification of any structure of interest. (orig.) [Deutsch] Der Taschenatlas beschreibt komprimiert und unter Verwendung der roentgenspezifischen Nomenklatur die anatomischen Details der Schnittbilddiagnostik. Jedem der rund 250 exemplarischen Schnittbilder aus den Bereichen Kopf (inkl. Neurokranium), Wirbelsaeule, Hals, Thorax, Abdomen und muskuloskeletalem System (inkl. Gelenke) ist eine Zeichnung zugeordnet, die das rasche Auffinden der jeweils gesuchten Struktur ermoeglicht. (orig.)

Geschlecht zwischen Körper und Konstruktion: Aktuelle Impulse zu einer langen Debatte

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Natascha Gruber

2002-11-01

Full Text Available Die mit dem Erscheinen von Judith Butlers Unbehagen der Geschlechter ausgelöste „Essentialismus versus Konstruktivismus“-Debatte um die Frage, wie Materialität und Körper zu denken sei, hält die Geschlechterforschung bis heute in dilemmatischer Spannung. Kann auf die Kategorie Geschlecht überhaupt verzichtet werden? Der Sammelband Verhandlungen des Geschlechts dokumentiert anhand von 15 Beiträgen aus den Bereichen Kulturwissenschaften, Philosophie, Psychoanalyse und Politik die aktuelle Entwicklung der Debatte rund um den an Butler orientierten feministischen Konstruktionsbegriff. Unter Rückgriff auf unterschiedliche Ansätze wird versucht, zwischen „Körper“ und „Diskurs“ zu vermitteln und Materialität neu zu denken.

„Herausforderungen für Repositorien!?“ Tagung anlässlich 10 Jahre Phaidra an der Universität Wien (Wien, 24. Oktober 2017

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Susanne Blumesberger

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Die zehnjährige Erfahrung mit dem Betrieb eines Repositoriums zeigt, dass sich Bedürfnisse und Fragestellungen ständig ändern. So ist etwa zu überlegen, welche Technologien und Anforderungen unterschiedlicher AkteurInnengruppen derzeit dazu Anlass geben, Repositorien neu oder anders zu denken, bzw. wie aktuelle Entwicklungen in diesem Bereich zu konzipieren und zu implementieren sind. Neuere Aufgaben, wie etwa Forschungsdatenmanagement und neue Gewohnheiten der UserInnen tragen zu einem veränderten Bild von Repositorien bei. Bei dieser Veranstaltung wurde mit ExpertInnen aus unterschiedlichen Bereichen diskutiert, wie die Zukunft von Repositorien aussehen kann, welche Überlegungen und welche Ressourcen dazu nötig sind und notwendig sein werden.

Rural district of Harz tests electricity supply of the future. Exploiting potential of renewable energies with virtual power plants, load management and electronic market platforms; Landkreis Harz erprobt Stromversorgung der Zukunft. Mit virtuellem Kraftwerk, Lastmanagement und elektronischer Marktplattform erneuerbare Potenziale ausschoepfen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Friedrich, Uwe

2012-07-01

Regions with a large proportion of renewable energies offer particularly good prerequisites for testing out future decentralised supply systems. In the rural district of Harz, one of six model regions in the German government's E-Energy programme, more than 20 partners from various sectors of the electricity industry have developed technologies and business models for smart grids. Four municipal utility companies and two distribution network operators were involved in their implementation. The four-year RegModHarz research project, which is funded by the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, will be completed at the beginning of 2013. (orig.)

Ab initio vel ex eventu

Science.gov (United States)

Thiessen, P. A.; Treder, H.-J.

Der gegenwärtige Stand der physikalischen Erkenntnis, in Sonderheit die Atomistik und die Quantentheorie, ermöglicht (in wohldefinierten Energie-Bereichen) eine ab initio-Berechnung aller physikalischen und chemischen Prozesse und Strukturen. Die Schrödinger-Gleichung erlaubt zusammen mit den Prinzipien der Quantenstatistik (Pauli-Prinzip) aus dem Planckschen Wirkungsquantum h und den atomischen Konstanten die Berechnung aller Energieumsätze, Zeitabläufe etc., die insbesondere die chemische Physik bestimmen. Die Rechenresultate gelten auch quantitativ bis auf die unvermeidliche Stochastik.Die ab initio-Berechnungen korrespondieren einerseits und sind andererseits komplementär zu den auf den Methoden der theoretischen Chemie und der klassischen Thermodynamik beruhenden Ergebnissen ex eventu. Die theoretische Behandlung ab initio führt zu mathematischen Experimenten, die die Laboratoriums-Experimente ergänzen oder auch substituieren.Translated AbstractAb initio vel ex eventuThe present state of physical knowledge, in peculiar atomistic and quantum theory, makes an ab initio calculation of all physical and chemical processes and structures possible (in well defined reaches of energy). The Schrödinger equation together with the principles of quantum statistics (Pauli principle) permits from the Planck and atomistic constants to calculate all exchanges of energy, courses of time, etc. which govern chemical physics. The calculated results are valid even quantitatively apart from the unavoidable stochastics.These ab initio calculations on the one hand correspond and are on the other complimentary to results ex eventu based on the methods of theoretical chemistry and classical thermodynamics. Theoretical treatment ab initio leads to mathematical experiments which add to or even substitute experiments in the laboratory.

Auf dem Weg zu semantischen APIs für Forschungsdatendienste

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anna Fensel

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Die schnelle Entwicklung der Internet- und Web-Technologie verändert den Stand der Technik in der Kommunikation von Wissen oder  Forschungsergebnissen. Insbesondere werden semantische Technologien, verknüpfte und offene Daten zu entscheidenden Faktoren für einen  erfolgreichen und effizienten Forschungsfortschritt. Zuerst definiere ich den Research Data Service (RDS und diskutiere typische aktuelle  und mögliche zukünftige Nutzungsszenarien mit RDS. Darüber hinaus bespreche ich den Stand der Technik in den Bereichen semantische Dienstleistung und Datenanmerkung und API-Konstruktion sowie infrastrukturelle Lösungen, die für die RDS-Realisierung anwendbar sind. Zum Schluss werden noch innovative Methoden der Online-Verbreitung, Förderung und effizienten Kommunikation der Forschung diskutiert.

Chair of geotechnical processes at the Institute for geotechnics and mine surveying at Clausthal Technological University; Professur fuer Geotechnische Verfahren am Institut fuer Geotechnik und Marktscheidewesen der TU Clausthal

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Meyer, N. [Technische Univ. Clausthal, Institut fuer Geotechnik und Marktscheidewesen (Germany)

2003-08-14

The Chair of Geotechnical Processes at the Institute for Geotechnics and Mine Surveying at Clausthal Technological University is concerned primarily with practical fundamental research in addition to teaching, in which comprehensive theoretical and practical experience from all areas of geotechnics is imparted. (orig.) [German] Der Lehrstuhl Geotechnische Verfahren am Institut fuer Geotechnik und Markscheidewesen der TU Clausthal befasst sich neben der Lehre, in der umfangreiche theoretische und praktische Erfahrungen aus allen Bereichen der Geotechnik vermittelt werden, in erster Linie mit der praxisnahen Grundlagenforschung. Die bearbeiteten Problemstellungen liegen bei der Bauwerk-Baugrund-Interaktion, Stabilitaetsproblemen bei Unterwasserboeschungen, der Umweltgeotechnik, der Geomesstechnik und dem Einsatz von Geokunststoffen in der Geotechnik und dem Bergbau. Die Forschungsvorhaben werden in enger Kooperation mit der Industrie durchgefuehrt. (orig.)

Analysis of existing structure and emissions of wood combustion plants for the production of heat and electricity in Bavaria; Analyse der Bestandesstruktur und der Emissionen von Holzfeuerungsanlagen zur Erzeugung von Waerme und Strom in Bayern.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Joa, Bettina

2014-07-01

This work deals with the detailed analysis of the existing structure of all Bavarian wood burning plants for the generation of heat and electricity as well as the determination of the resulting emission emissions in 2013. The number of wood burning plants in the single-chamber fireplaces, wood central heating and wood-fired heating plants which are in operation in the year 2013 were determined, and how many plants are existing in the various areas like pellet stoves, traditional ovens, wood-burning fireplace, pellet central heating systems, wood chips central heating systems, fire-wood central heating systems, wood combined heat and power plant (electricity and heat) and wood power plants (heat). In addition, the regional distribution of the wood burning plants in the Bavarian governmental districts is investigated as well as the type and amount of energy produced by them (heat, electricity). [German] Diese Arbeit behandelt die detaillierte Analyse der Bestandesstruktur saemtlicher bayerischer Holzfeuerungsanlagen zur Erzeugung von Waerme und Strom sowie die Ermittlung des dabei entstehenden Emissionsausstosses im Jahr 2013. Dabei wurde ermittelt wie viele Holzfeuerungsanlagen in den Segmenten Einzelraumfeuerstaetten, Holz-Zentralheizungen und Holzheiz(kraft)werke im Jahr 2013 in Bayern in Betrieb sind und wie viele Anlagen es in den einzelnen Bereichen Pelletoefen, traditionelle Oefen, Kaminoefen, Heizkamine, offene Kamine, Kacheloefen, Pellet-Zentralheizungen, Hackschnitzel-Zentralheizungen, Scheitholz-Zentralheizungen, Holzheizkraftwerke (Waerme und Strom), Holzheizwerke (Waerme) sowie Holzkraftwerke (Strom) gibt. Des Weiteren wird die regionale Verteilung der Holzfeuerungsanlagen in den bayerischen Regierungsbezirken erforscht sowie die durch sie produzierte Art und Menge an Energie (Waerme, Strom).

Transportation Energy - Sandia Energy

Science.gov (United States)

Energy Energy Secure & Sustainable Energy Future Search Icon Sandia Home Locations Contact Us Employee Locator Menu Stationary Power solar Energy Conversion Efficiency Increasing the amount of electricity produced from a given thermal energy input. Solar Energy Wind Energy Water Power Supercritical CO2

Energy Research - Sandia Energy

Science.gov (United States)

Energy Energy Secure & Sustainable Energy Future Search Icon Sandia Home Locations Contact Us Employee Locator Menu Stationary Power solar Energy Conversion Efficiency Increasing the amount of electricity produced from a given thermal energy input. Solar Energy Wind Energy Water Power Supercritical CO2

Impacts of energy crop cultivation on nature and landscape. Development and application of an evaluation method; Auswirkungen des Energiepflanzenanbaus auf Natur und Landschaft. Entwicklung und Anwendung einer Bewertungsmethode

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wiehe, Julia

2011-08-15

For long-term planning, knowledge about the interrelationship of effects of the cultivation method and the sensitivity of ecological balance is essential. Hence, the objective of this thesis is the development of a method for the evaluation of the impacts of bioenergy crop production for biogas use on the natural environment. The developed method is in alignment with existing methods. It is also in alignment with those methods used within the practice of landscape planning, so that the method as well as the derived conclusions can be implemented into landscape planning practice in the future. The evaluation method has been applied in the three model regions Hildesheim, Soltau-Fallingbostel and Emsland. These test areas represent different physical regions in Lower Saxony and typical agricultural production conditions. On the basis of these results, general statements on the impact of bioenergy crop production on the ecological balance of the area can be made. [German] Grundlage fuer eine vorausschauende Steuerung des Ausbaus erneuerbarer Energien ist die Kenntnis der Zusammenhaenge der Wirkung des Energiepflanzenanbaus und der Empfindlichkeit des Naturhaushaltes. Ziel der Arbeit ist daher die Erarbeitung einer Methode zur umfassenden Bewertung dieser Auswirkungen auf den Naturhaushalt. Die Methode orientiert sich an bereits bestehenden und in der Praxis der Landschaftsplanung angewendeten Bewertungsmethoden, so dass sie ebenso wie die daraus abgeleiteten Schlussfolgerungen zukuenftig Eingang in die Planungspraxis finden kann. Die Bewertungsmethode wird in den drei Modellregionen Hildesheim, Soltau-Fallingbostel und Emsland angewendet, mit denen die verschiedenen Naturraeume und fuer Niedersachsen typischen landwirtschaftlichen Produktionsbedingungen abgebildet werden. Auf Grundlage dieser Ergebnisse koennen dann allgemeine Aussagen zu den Auswirkungen des Energiepflanzenanbaus auf den Naturhaushalt gemacht werden.

Pricing in quota obligation schemes for renewable energy. A stochastic model with reference to the Swedish quota obligation; Preisbildung in Quotenmodellen zur Foerderung Erneuerbarer Energien. Modellierung mit stochastischem Ansatz am Beispiel des schwedischen Quotenmodells

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dees, Philipp

2013-12-11

The PhD thesis develops a stochastic model to explain pricing in Quota Obligation schemes for renewable energy (RE). It is based on the fact that electricity production from RE is depending on weather and other conditions, which leads to a random fluctuation. In the developed model the price for RE is depending on the probability of a lack of certificates at the end of an obligation period. In contrast to deterministic models, the stochastic model has a direct link between the price for RE and their high investment costs. Moreover, the stochastic model can be used to describe the development of prices over an obligation period. The model is adopted to the Swedish quota obligation. It is shown that the real RE prices there are much higher than the estimated prices derived from the model. This result is consistent to the fact that installed RE capacity in Sweden is much higher than necessary to fulfill the quota obligation.

Reimbursement for electricity supplied to the grid and the phaseout of franchise agreements. A critical review of recent developments of the law; Einspeiseverguetung und Auslaufen der Konzessionsvertraege - eine kritische Studie zu neueren Rechtsentwicklungen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jackel, G. [Energieversorgung Schwaben AG, Stuttgart (Germany)

1994-12-31

Allowing more competition in all sectors of the economy is an acceptable strategy if resulting in social benefits, i.e. if profits are passed on to the citizens and consumers. If, however, such a liberalisation or deregulation ends up in a concentration of power by commercial enterprises to the disadvantage of consumers who have to pay higher electricity rates, or jeopardizes the reliability of power supply, such actionism on the part of the legislature may well adversely affect public welfare. This applies likewise to minor regulation, as is the Act on Compulsory Acceptance of Electricity From Renewable Energy Sources,(SEG), which puts an unproportionate load on the shoulders of the public utilities in order to satisfy interests of environmental policy. The paper explains these statements by examining effects expected to result from the SEG, and by referring to problems involved in the phaseout of franchise agreements. (orig./HSCH) [Deutsch] Die Einfuehrung von mehr Wettbewerb in allen Bereichen der Wirtschaft ist zu begruessen, wenn sich volkswirtschaftlich positive Entwicklungen einstellen, d.h. der Buerger, der Kunde davon profitiert. Wenn liberalisierende Eingriffe letztlich aber zu hoeheren Strompreisen oder zu geringerer Versorgungssicherheit fuehren, bei gleichzeitigem Konzentrationsschub in der Unternehmensstruktur, dann kann das Gemeinwohl durch gesetzgeberischen Aktionismus leicht Schaden nehmen. Dies gilt auch fuer Regulierungen minderer Art wie beim Stromeinspeisungsgesetzt (SEG), das die deutschen Energieversorgungsunternehmen (EVU) aus umweltpolitischen Erwaegungen weiter einseitig belastet. (orig./HSCH)

Quality assurance from the point of view of the gas and water suppliers; Qualitaetssicherung aus Sicht der Gas- und Wasserversorger

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schiltknecht, M. [SVGW, Abt. Gas, Zurich (Switzerland); Girsberger, W. [SVGW, Abt. Gas, Zurich (Switzerland)

1996-06-01

Considerable misgivings concerning the quality assurance systems exist among the energy supply enterprises. However, the proper utilisation of these systems creates cost transparency, increases economic efficiency and promotes customer satisfaction. A working group comprising representatives of the insular works and the propane-air producers for peak demand have critically examined the quality requirements in the field of product, operation, application and management of the gas supply on the basis of a well-defined performance commission. The evaluation of the enquiry at the member plants showed that, especially concerning the gas quality, network management, operational security and the organisational procedures, a demand for an efficient quality management exists. For a long-term execution of the service commission a certification according to ISO 9000-Series is recommended. (orig.) [Deutsch] In den Energieversorgungsunternehmen bestehen erhebliche Bedenken ueber die Nuetzlichkeit von Qualitaetssicherungssystemen. Deren richtige Anwendung schafft jedoch Kostentransparenz, steigert die Wirtschaftlichkeit und foerdert die Kundenzufriedenheit. Eine Arbeitsgruppe aus Vertretern der Inselwerke und der Propan-Luft-Spitzendeckung hat sich bei definiertem Leistungsauftrag mit den Qualitaetsanforderungen in den Bereichen Produkt, Betrieb, Anwendung und Management der Gasversorgung auseinandergesetzt. Die Auswertung der Umfrage bei den Mitgliedwerken zeigte, dass besonders bei der Gasqualitaet, der Netzbewirtschaftung, der Betriebssicherheit und der betrieblichen Ablauforganisation ein Bedarf an effizienter Qualitaetsbewirtschaftung besteht. Zur langfristigen Erfuellung des Dienstleistungsauftrages empfiehlt sich die Zertifizierung nach der ISO-9000er-Reihe. (orig.)

Reduction of CO{sub 2} emissions by means of expansion, information technological cross-linking and grid optimization of plans for the utilization of decentral, fluctuating and renewable energy in Germany; CO{sub 2}-Emissionsminderung durch Ausbau, informationstechnische Vernetzung und Netzoptimierung von Anlagen dezentraler, fluktuierender und erneuerbarer Energienutzung in Deutschland

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lanz, Marco; Fricke, Barbara; Anthrakidis, Anette [FH Aachen (DE). Solar-Institut Juelich

2011-11-15

The German energy system is currently in a state of extensive transformation, which is primarily driven by the set of problems stemming from fossil energy sources and nuclear fuels being a finite resource and the largely unsolved problems arising from their use and the waste products and by-products that are generated through this use. An important goal of the pursued transformation of the German energy system, which has already been set in motion, is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions - in particular carbon dioxide, which is a by-product of the provision of the effective energies electricity and heat. Renewable energy sources and - in a transitional phase - decentralised fossil energy sources are to be used as alternatives to conventional fuels. But the question arises of the extent to which basic structural characteristics of the existing energy supply system should change: not only could the provision of electricity in Germany, which has been produced in large centralised power plants up to now, be decentralised, but also regulatory entities and the power marketplaces on which decentralised demand and supply are coordinated. This analysis examines - on the basis of a comprehensive description of the different system components on which the modelling of a specific distribution grid is based - the extent to which decentralisation of the German energy system can contribute to the reduction of CO{sub 2} emissions. To this end the dimensions of a possible decentralisation and their complex interactions are examined: - Basic framework conditions of policy and the energy industry for this decentralisation and the sub-markets of the electricity sector, which have already started to change, partly as a result of the increasing share of fluctuating production. In future the sub-markets are to play an important role in equalising fluctuating production; - Questions related to the integration of decentralised and renewable production, above all in terms of their integration

Fragen - Nachfragen - Echofragen. Formen und Funktionen von Interrogationen im gesprochenen Deutsch

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rost-Roth, Martina

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Präsentiert werden Befunde aus einer empirischen Untersuchung zu Nachfragen und anderen Fragen in mündlichen Kommunikationen. Ausgangspunkt ist die Beobachtung, daß Beschreibungen von Nachfragen nur in geringer Zahl vorliegen, aus sehr unterschiedlichen Bereichen stammen (Konversationsanalyse, grammatische Beschreibungen von Fragen und Literatur zu Echofragen und sich Beschreibungen von Nachfrageformen sowie Nachfragefunktionen und die jeweils unterstellten Form-Funktions-Bezüge - auch in den einzelnen Bereichen - vielfach widersprechen. Vor diesem Hintergrund ist zentales Anliegen der Untersuchung, einen übergeordneten Analyserahmen für die Befassung mit Frageformen und Fragefunktionen zu entwickeln, der die Beschreibung von Nachfragen in einer allgemeineren Beschreibung von Interrogationen verortet. Das Besondere von Nachfragen wird darin gesehen, daß es sich um Interrogationen handelt, die auf andere sprachliche Äußerungen Bezug nehmen. Hier sind wiederum verschiedene Mittel zu unterscheiden, die für die Unterscheidung von Echofragen und anderen Nachfragen bestimmend sind. In diesem Zusammenhang wird gezeigt, daß auch der Art der Bezugnahme besondere Bedeutung für die Bestimmung von Nachfrageformen und Nachfragefunktionen zukommt. Anhand der Analysen von empirischen Fragevorkommen im gesprochenen Deutsch werden zunächst verschiedene 'Strukturtypen' differenziert. Die Vergleiche von Nachfragen und anderen Fragen zeigen vor allem Unterschiede in Hinblick auf die Frequenz verbloser und elliptischer Frageformulierungen. Daran anschließend werden Nachfragefunktionen im Bereich der Verständnissicherung sowie andere Nachfragefunktionen erörtert. Bei der Suche nach einem gemeinsamen Nenner für sehr unterschiedliche Nachfragefunktionen erweisen sich als zentrale Funktionsparameter :1. die Fokussierungsleistung (über die Bezugnahme auf vorausgehende Äußerungen der Gesprächspartner sowie 2. der Interrogativmodus (über die

Energy: nuclear energy; Energies: l'energie nucleaire

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lung, M. [Societe Generale pour les Techniques Nouvelles (SGN), 78 - Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (France)

2000-11-01

Convinced that the nuclear energy will be the cleaner, safer, more economical and more respectful of the environment energy of the future, the author preconizes to study the way it can be implemented, to continue to improve its production, to understand its virtues and to better inform the public. He develops this opinion in the presentation of the principal characteristics of the nuclear energy: technology, radioactive wastes, radiation protection, the plutonium, the nuclear accidents, the proliferation risks, the economics and nuclear energy and competitiveness, development and sustainability. (A.L.B.)

On open questions of the coalition agreement. EEG levy, national CO{sub 2} levy, electricity tax instead of energy tax?; Zu offenen Fragen des Koalitionsvertrags. EEG-Umlage, nationale CO{sub 2}-Abgabe, Stromsteuer statt Energiesteuer?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Becker, Peter

2018-03-15

The regulations in the coalition agreement on the energy transition and the climate protection is sad: the 2020 climate protection goal is abandoned. At the same time, this makes the German contribution to the Parisian climate change agreement eroded. The goals are only general described, the paths to it must be a commission ''Growth, Structural change and Employment'' as a basis for a law. The statements on the energy revolution disappoint even more. On Proportion of about 65 percent renewable energy (RES) by 2030 is ''desired''. It would be desirable to cover the ''additional Electricity requirements for achieving the climate protection targets in transport, in buildings and in industry''; one senses: they have in fact already dealing with the sector coupling. But that for a sector coupling that allows to achieve the climate protection goals, a doubling of electricity production is necessary, one can do not read anywhere. Although the policy is committed to Power to X; also the deputy Bareiss of the CDU. But that, for example, at Power to gas only reaches about an efficiency of about 30 percent is hardly anyone speaks. An important reason for the non-binding nature of the statements not only the political dissent, but the high complexity of the Material. For example, the connection between the introduction of a CO{sub 2} tax and the electricity or energy taxation not on the hand. Therefore, the attempt should be made, the demands to set up a theses and briefly explain the connections. This post is intended as an invitation to discuss. [German] Die Regelungen im Koalitionsvertrag zur Energiewende und zum Klimaschutz sind traurig: Das Klimaschutzziel 2020 wird aufgegeben. Damit wird zugleich der deutsche Beitrag zum Pariser Klimaschutzabkommen ausgehoehlt. Die Ziele sind nur allgemein beschrieben, die Wege dorthin muss eine Kommission ''Wachstum, Strukturwandel und Beschaeftigung'' erst

New energy technologies 4. Energy management and energy efficiency

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sabonnadiere, J.C.; Caire, R.; Raison, B.; Quenard, D.; Verneau, G.; Zissis, G.

2007-01-01

This forth tome of the new energy technologies handbook is devoted to energy management and to the improvement of energy efficiency. The energy management by decentralized generation insertion and network-driven load control, analyzes the insertion and management means of small power generation in distribution networks and the means for load management by the network with the aim of saving energy and limiting peak loads. The second part, devoted to energy efficiency presents in a detailed way the technologies allowing an optimal management of energy in buildings and leading to the implementation of positive energy buildings. A special chapter treats of energy saving using new lighting technologies in the private and public sectors. Content: 1 - decentralized power generation - impacts and solutions: threat or opportunity; deregulation; emerging generation means; impact of decentralized generation on power networks; elements of solution; 2 - mastery of energy demand - loads control by the network: stakes of loads control; choice of loads to be controlled; communication needs; measurements and controls for loads control; model and algorithm needs for loads control. A better energy efficiency: 3 - towards positive energy buildings: key data for Europe; how to convert fossil energy consuming buildings into low-energy consuming and even energy generating buildings; the Minergie brand; the PassivHaus or 'passive house' label; the zero-energy house/zero-energy home (ZEH); the zero-energy building (ZEB); the positive energy house; comparison between the three Minergie/PassivHaus/ZEH types of houses; beyond the positive energy building; 4 - light sources and lighting systems - from technology to energy saving: lighting yesterday and today; light sources and energy conversion; energy saving in the domain of lighting: study of some type-cases; what future for light sources. (J.S.)

Dolmetscher/inneneinsatz in der qualitativen Sozialforschung. Zu Anforderungen und Auswirkungen in gedolmetschten Interviews

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gwendolin Lauterbach

2014-03-01

Full Text Available Der Einsatz von Dolmetscher/innen in der qualitativen Sozialforschung, insbesondere in qualitativen Interviews, stand bisher nicht im Mittelpunkt der Forschung, stellt jedoch die Interviewteilnehmer/innen vor Herausforderungen. Diese betreffen v.a. den Umgang mit dem Dolmetscher/der Dolmetscherin und deren Rolle sowie die Interviewauswertung und die Qualität der Daten und folgenden wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse. Aus der bisherigen Diskussion lassen sich nur bedingt methodische Leitlinien aus anderen, verwandten Bereichen ableiten. Anhand von Expert/inneninterviews mit Forscher/innen und Dolmetscher/innen werden daher Erfahrungen mit dem Dolmetscher/inneneinsatz in der qualitativen Sozialforschung dokumentiert und Handlungsempfehlungen abgeleitet. Mithilfe von Gesprächsaufzeichnungen gedolmetschter Interviews werden die Aushandlungen zwischen Originalen und Dolmetschungen aufgezeigt sowie Auswirkungen des Dolmetscher/inneneinsatzes auf den Interviewprozess dargelegt. URN: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs140250

Emission reduction measures in biowaste fermentation plants; Emissionsmindernde Massnahmen bei Bioabfallvergaerungsanlagen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Raussen, Thomas; Koj, Ulla; Sprick, Werner; Lootsma-Hallerberg, Auke [Witzenhausen-Institut fuer Abfall, Umwelt und Energie GmbH, Witzenhausen (Germany)

2012-11-01

Like many other biological processes, the biological processes of an integrated biowaste fermentation and composting plant involve gaseous emissions. Planners have many options to minimize the hazardous fraction of the gaseous emissions. Early optimization of the plans for materials flow management, constructional and process-related measures and operating schedules are particularly important. The contribution presents important fields of action and discusses their relevance. (orig.) [German] Die biologischen Prozesse einer integrierten Bioabfallvergaerungs- und Kompostierungsanlage sind, wie viele andere biologische Prozesse auch, mit gasfoermigen Emissionen verbunden. Anlagenplaner und Betreiber haben aber vielfaeltige Moeglichkeiten, den schaedlichen Anteil dieser Emissionen deutlich zu minimieren. Die fruehzeitige Optimierung der Planungen in den Bereichen Stoffstrommanagement, bauliche und verfahrenstechnische Massnahmen sowie betrieblicher Ablaeufe besitzt dabei besondere Bedeutung. Wichtige Handlungsfelder werden in diesem Beitrag uebersichtsartig dargestellt und in ihrer Relevanz diskutiert. (orig.)

Status reports on the development and application of acoustic emission analysis. Proceedings; Statusberichte zur Entwicklung und Anwendung der Schallemissionsanalyse. Beitraege

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2017-08-01

The colloquium lectures represent the wide range of applications in acoustic emission analysis and testing in the areas of damage development and damage mechanisms, testing of components, condition monitoring, development of new measuring systems and sensors as well as software development regarding locating methods and signal analysis. One focus of the colloquium is on current hardware and software developments for status monitoring by means of AE monitoring. One of the papers was separately analyzed for this database. [German] Die Vortraege des Kolloquiums repraesentieren das breite Spektrum der Anwendungen der Schallemissionsanalyse und -pruefung in den Bereichen der Schadensentwicklung und Schadensmechanismen, Pruefung von Bauteilen, Zustandsueberwachung, Entwicklung neuer Messsysteme und Sensoren sowie Softwareentwicklung bezueglich Ortungsverfahren und Signalanalyse. Ein Schwerpunkt des Kolloquiums betrifft aktuelle Hard- und Softwareentwicklungen zur Zustandsueberwachung durch AE-Monitoring.

Energies; Energies

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cotard, E.

2002-02-01

A review is made about the consequences of the European directive on energy that entered into application in august 2000. It appears that most countries are opening their electricity and gas markets at a faster pace than required by the E.U. directive. European gas imports reached 480 Gm{sup 3} in 2000 and are expected to be over 700 Gm{sup 3} in 2015, so the question of the reliability of the gas suppliers has to be answered at the European level. The current time is marked by an increase of the complexity of the energy market that is due to different factors: 1) the delay in the implementation of European energy directives in France, 2) new arrangement is occurring in United-Kingdom in the energy sector, 3) the lack of a regulating authority in Germany, and 4) the difficulty of inter-connecting the different European energy networks. This transitory period may generate some economic imbalances and competition disturbances by allowing some enterprises to benefit from lower energy prices before others. (A.C.)

Energies; Energies

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2003-07-01

In the framework of the National Debate on the energies in a context of a sustainable development some associations for the environment organized a debate on the nuclear interest facing the renewable energies. The first part presents the nuclear energy as a possible solution to fight against the greenhouse effect and the associated problem of the wastes management. The second part gives information on the solar energy and the possibilities of heat and electric power production. A presentation of the FEE (French wind power association) on the situation and the development of the wind power in France, is also provided. (A.L.B.)

Energy sustainability through green energy

CERN Document Server

Sharma, Atul

2015-01-01

This book shares the latest developments and advances in materials and processes involved in the energy generation, transmission, distribution and storage. Chapters are written by researchers in the energy and materials field. Topics include, but are not limited to, energy from biomass, bio-gas and bio-fuels; solar, wind, geothermal, hydro power, wave energy; energy-transmission, distribution and storage; energy-efficient lighting buildings; energy sustainability; hydrogen and fuel cells; energy policy for new and renewable energy technologies and education for sustainable energy development

Weather-power station. Solar energy, wind energy, water energy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schatta, M

1975-10-02

A combined power station is described, which enables one to convert solar energy and wind energy into other forms of energy. The plant consists of a water-filled boiler, in which solar energy heats the water by concentration, solar cells, and finally wind rotors, which transform wind energy into electrical energy. The transformed energy is partly available as steam heat, partly as mechanical or electrical energy. The plant can be used for supplying heating systems or electrolysis equipment. Finally, by incorporating suitable motors, a mobile version of the system can be produced.

Soft energy vs nuclear energy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ando, Yoshio

1981-01-01

During the early 1960s, a plentiful, inexpensive supply of petroleum enabled Japanese industry to progress rapidly; however, almost all of this petroleum was imported. Even after the first oil crisis of 1973, the recent annual energy consumption of Japan is calculated to be about 360 million tons in terms of petroleum, and actual petroleum forms 73% of total energy. It is necessary for Japan to reduce reliance on petroleum and to diversify energy resources. The use of other fossil fuels, such as coal, LNG and LPG, and hydraulic energy, is considered as an established alternative. In this presentation, the author deals with new energy, namely soft energy and nuclear energy, and discusses their characteristics and problems. The following kinds of energy are dealt with: a) Solar energy, b) Geothermal energy, c) Ocean energy (tidal, thermal, wave), d) Wind energy, e) Biomass energy, f) Hydrogen, g) Nuclear (thermal, fast, fusion). To solve the energy problem in future, assiduous efforts should be made to develop new energy systems. Among them, the most promising alternative energy is nuclear energy, and various kinds of thermal reactor systems have been developed for practical application. As a solution to the long-term future energy problem, research on and development of fast breeder reactors and fusion reactors are going on. (author)

Energy Fact Sheets - Sandia Energy

Science.gov (United States)

Energy Energy Secure & Sustainable Energy Future Search Icon Sandia Home Locations Contact Us Employee Locator Menu Stationary Power solar Energy Conversion Efficiency Increasing the amount of electricity produced from a given thermal energy input. Solar Energy Wind Energy Water Power Supercritical CO2

Energy efficiency through energy audit

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Esan, A. A.

2000-08-01

Energy is an essential factor to economic and social development and improved standards of living in developing countries. Nigeria in particular. There is a strong need for greater energy efficiency in every sector of economy in order to reduce costs. enhance competitiveness, conserve energy resources and reduce environmental impacts associated with production, distribution and use of energy. Energy auditing and monitoring has a significant role in any energy management and conservation project. Energy auditing as an important part of industrial energy management on plant level, represents a complex of activities aiming at the efficient use of energy. The activities are undertaken by a team of experts who use a set of measuring instruments to monitor and evaluate all the necessary data to elaborate a package of recommendations on improvements in the field of energy efficiency and possible product quality. The inefficient conversion and use of energy have been identified as a central problem for all developing countries, Nigeria inclusive, since they all consume significantly higher amounts of energy per unit of GDP than OECD countries. This aggravates energy-related environmental problems and is also a burden on domestic resources and foreign exchange. Energy prices have risen drastically in many developing countries, while energy intensities remain high. Price changes alone are not rapidly translating energy efficiency improvements. Identifying and removing the obstacles to greater energy efficiency should be priority for government in developing countries. This is why the Energy Commission, an apex organ of government on Energy matters in all its ramifications is out to encourage relatively low-cost energy audits for the Textile industries - such audits can identify ''good house-keeping's' measures, such as simply process improvements, that reduce energy consumption and operating costs. This will be followed by the training of plant workers/energy managers

Hydrogen `96: From vision to reality. 11. world hydrogen enery conference in Stuttagrt; Hydrogen `96: Von der Vision zur Realitaet. 11. Welt-Wasserstoffenergie-Konferenz in Stuttgart

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Anon.

1996-08-01

More than 700 attendants from 45 countries, 140 technical lectures, 6 plenary lectures, 220 poster presentations, 18 exhibitors from sectors such as high-performance electrolysis for hydrogen generation, fuel cells, hydrogen-powered motor cars and hydrogen filling stations - such is, in a few numbers, the statistics of the Hydrogen `96 Conference. The 11th world conference on energy from hydrogen took place in Stuttgart from 23 to 28 June 1996. The event was opened by Dr. Angela Merkel, the federal German minister for environmental affairs, nature conservancy and reactor safety. The organization of the conference was taken care of by DECHEMA (Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer Chemisches Apparatewesen, Chemische Technik und Biotechnologie), Frankfurt, who were assisted by experienced partners. To mention only a few: Deutsche Forschungsgesellschaft fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt, the VDI Energietechnik Society, the Center for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research, and the European Federation of Chemical Engineering. (orig.) [Deutsch] Mehr als 700 Teilnehmer aus 45 Laendern, 140 Fachvortraege, 6 Plenarvortraege, 220 Posterpraesentationen, dazu 18 Aussteller aus Bereichen, wie Hochleistungselektrolysen zur Wasserstofferzeugung, Brennstoffzellen, wasserstoffgetriebene Autos und Tankstellen fuer Wasserstoff, das ist, in wenigen Zahlen aufgelistet, die Tagungsstatistik der Hydrogen `96. Die 11. Welt-Wasserstoffenergie-Konferenz fand vom 23. bis 28. Juni 1996 in Stuttgart statt. Eroeffnet wurde die Veranstaltung von der Bundesministerin fuer Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit, Dr. Angela Merkel. Die organisatorische Kompetenz lag bei der DECHEMA, der Deutschen Gesellschaft fuer Chemisches Apparatewesen, Chemische Technik und Biotechnologie in Frankfurt, die bei der Vorbereitung der Konferenz auf bewaehrte Partner zurueckgreifen konnte. Genannt seien nur die Deutsche Forschungsgesellschaft fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt, die VDI-Gesellschaft Energietechnik, das Zentrum fuer Sonnenenergie

Energy Mix between Renewable Energy and Nuclear Energy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yousry E. M. Abushady

2015-08-01

Full Text Available  Energy is the backbone of any development in any State. Renewable Energy (wind, solar and biomass appears currently as a major strategic energy source for a sustainable development particularly for developing or under developing societies. Use of renewable Energy will challenge major technological changes, by achieving energy production and saving. In particular by replacing fossil fuel, a significant cut of environmental impact and green house gas emission (GHG could be achieved. In addition Renewable Energy could offer a sustainable development for different societies particularly those in rural area (e.g. desert or isolated islands. The significant technical renewable energy tool developments in developed States could be much easier to be transferred to or copied in developing States .

Energy consumption and energy prices

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bentzen, J.

1993-01-01

Data are presented on energy consumption and energy prices related to a number of OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) lands covering the period 1951-1990. The information sources are described and the development of energy consumption and prices in Denmark are illustrated in relation to these other countries. The energy intensity (the relation between energy consumption and the gross national product) is dealt with. Here it is possible to follow development during the whole post-war period. It is generally understood that Denmark saved large amounts of energy after 1973-74 but, taken over the whole post-war period, savings and decline in energy-gross national product relations are less dramatic compared to conditions in other OECD countries. Energy coefficients or elasticities show the relative rise in consumption compared to the relative rise in gross national product (growth rate). This is shown to be typically unstable and an eventual connection with the amount of energy price increase and/or the growth rate of the national economy is considered. Results of Granger causuality tests on energy consumption, national income and energy prices are presented. Effective energy prices were very low in Denmark up to 1970 when they suddenly began to increase. Since the oil crisis Denmark's energy consumption has fallen whereas the other countries have used rather more energy than before. Effective promotion of energy savings must be seen in relation to the fact that the 1970 basis level of energy consumption and intensity was unusually high. The high effective energy prices have also encouraged energy savings in Denmark. (AB)

Guide for construction of wood power systems. Construction - economic efficiency - technology; Leitfaden fuer die Errichtung von Holzenergie-Anlagen. Umsetzung - Wirtschaftlichkeit - Technologie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ruchser, M. [Forum fuer Zukunftsenergien e.V., Bonn (Germany)

2001-07-01

The Guidebook serves as a handbook for the entire operational sequence, which is necessary for the establishment of a wood combustion plant in Germany with an installed capacity larger than 100 kW{sub th}, for the use of fuel woods such as forest chips, wood and forest residues, pellets, wood waste, etc. within the limits of the laws and regulations prescribed for the respective performance classes. The Guidebook's purpose is to give potential investors and operators of wood combustion plants as well as the appropriate authorities a quick and global overview of the energetic use of wood in order to contribute to an increased application of this technology. The Guidebook introduces a Quality Model in Chapters 2 and 3, which describes the establishment of a wood combustion system in six phases. Eleven Management Aspects are differentiated, which can be helpful during the conversion of a project. Thus, potential investors and operators of wood combustion plants become acquainted with the most important aspects of this kind of project conversion. In addition, Chapter 4 provides an overview of the operating costs of wood combustion plants. The relevant licensing and planning procedures depending on the installed capacity and fuelwood use are comprehensively described in Chapter 5. Chapter 6 supplies a concrete overview of the environmental aspects and emissions of wood combustion. Since wood combustion plants must be - as all other investments - financially secured Chapter 7 provides a description of the relevant information on public means and subsidies. Besides all important promotion programmes, the new German Renewable Energy Law (Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz - EEG) of April 2000 is described in detail. Many examples of already realised wood combustion plant projects are described in Chapter 8. As an additional service, all significant addresses from ministries to energy agencies and associations are listed in Chapter 9. (orig.)

Policy Challenges Related to Biofuel Development in Tanzania Politische Herausforderungen in Bezug auf Biokraftstoffe in Tansania

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hussein Sosovele

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Biofuels have recently emerged as a major issue in energy policy, agricultural development and natural resource management. The growing demand for biofuels is being driven by high oil prices, energy security concerns and global climate change. In Tanzania there is growing interest on the part of foreign private investors in establishing biofuel projects, although globally there are concerns related to biofuel investments. Tanzania has approved a number of such projects, but the biofuel subsector faces several policy challenges that could clearly hamper its development. These include the lack of a holistic and comprehensive energy policy that addresses the broad spectrum of energy options and issues, and weak or absent institutional and legal frameworks. This article highlights some key policy issues critical to the development of biofuels and argues that if these challenges are not addressed at the national policy level, biofuel development may not result in the expected benefits to Tanzania and the majority of its local communities. Biokraftstoffe sind in jüngster Zeit in den Bereichen Energiepolitik, Landwirtschaftsentwicklung und nationales Ressourcenmanagement zu einem wichtigen Thema geworden. Die wachsende Nachfrage nach Biokraftstoffen wird durch die hohen Ölpreise, Befürchtungen in Bezug auf Energiesicherheit und den globalen Klimawandel vorangetrieben. In Tansania ist wachsendes Interesse ausländischer Privatinvestoren an Biokraftstoffprojekten zu beobachten, obwohl es weltweit Bedenken gegenüber solchen Investitionen gibt. Die tansanische Regierung hat einer ganzen Reihe entsprechender Projekte zugestimmt, doch mit dem Biokraftstoffsektor sind politische Herausforderungen verbunden, die diese Entwicklung behindern könnten. Dazu gehören das Fehlen einer ganzheitlichen und umfassenden Energiepolitik, die das ganze Spektrum energiepolitischer Fragestellungen und Optionen einschließt, wie auch schwache oder fehlende institutionelle

Evaluation of the environmental costs in the fields power and traffic. Recommendations of the Federal Environmental Agency; Schaetzung der Umweltkosten in den Bereichen Energie und Verkehr. Empfehlungen des Umweltbundesamtes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2012-08-15

The scientific evidence for the estimation of environmental costs was steadily improved in the recent years. The Federal Environment Agency (Dessau-Rosslau, Federal Republic of Germany) summarizes the scientific progress in this field by means of the methods convention. Environmental costs are macro-economically very important. Emissions of greenhouse gases, air pollutants and noise pollution, land use and the consumption of scarce resources result in high costs for health and environment. Estimates of environmental costs point out the negative impacts of a neglected environmental protection and substantiate the necessity to pursue the ambitious environmental targets. Environmental costs are also suitable for the assessment of measures and instruments of the environmental protection. Municipalities, businesses and households also can use estimates of environmental costs - especially for environment-related investment decisions.

Nuclear energy and renewable energies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1994-01-01

The nuclear energy and the renewable energies namely: solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy and biomass are complementary. They are not polluting and they are expected to develop in the future to replace the fossil fuels

Nuclear energy and energy security

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mamasakhlisi, J.

2010-01-01

Do Georgia needs nuclear energy? Nuclear energy is high technology and application of such technology needs definite level of industry, science and society development. Nuclear energy is not only source of electricity production - application of nuclear energy increases year-by-year for medical, science and industrial use. As an energy source Georgia has priority to extend hydro-power capacity by reasonable use of all available water resources. In parallel regime the application of energy efficiency and energy conservation measures should be considered but currently this is not prioritized by Government. Meanwhile this should be taken into consideration that attempts to reduce energy consumption by increasing energy efficiency would simply raise demand for energy in the economy as a whole. The Nuclear energy application needs routine calculation and investigation. For this reason Government Commission is already established. But it seems in advance that regional nuclear power plant for South-Caucasus region would be much more attractive for future

Energy infrastructure: hydrogen energy system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Veziroglu, T N

1979-02-01

In a hydrogen system, hydrogen is not a primary source of energy, but an intermediary, an energy carrier between the primary energy sources and the user. The new unconventional energy sources, such as nuclear breeder reactors, fusion reactors, direct solar radiation, wind energy, ocean thermal energy, and geothermal energy have their shortcomings. These shortcomings of the new sources point out to the need for an intermediary energy system to form the link between the primary energy sources and the user. In such a system, the intermediary energy form must be transportable and storable; economical to produce; and if possible renewable and pollution-free. The above prerequisites are best met by hydrogen. Hydrogen is plentiful in the form of water. It is the cheapest synthetic fuel to manufacture per unit of energy stored in it. It is the least polluting of all of the fuels, and is the lightest and recyclable. In the proposed system, hydrogen would be produced in large plants located away from the consumption centers at the sites where primary new energy sources and water are available. Hydrogen would then be transported to energy consumption centers where it would be used in every application where fossil fuels are being used today. Once such a system is established, it will never be necessary to change to any other energy system.

Energy audit and energy security

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Beata Agnieszka Kulessa

2013-07-01

Full Text Available In article, we present the issue of energy security. This article to answer the questions concerning the future of energy in Poland. These activities are directly related to energy security and the reduction of CO2 emissions. One element of this plan is the introduction in the EU energy certification of buildings. The energy certificates in Poland launched on 01.01.2009 and implements the objectives adopted by the European Union and contribute to energy security, increasing energy efficiency in construction and environmental protection.

Energy: nuclear energy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lung, M.

2000-11-01

Convinced that the nuclear energy will be the cleaner, safer, more economical and more respectful of the environment energy of the future, the author preconizes to study the way it can be implemented, to continue to improve its production, to understand its virtues and to better inform the public. He develops this opinion in the presentation of the principal characteristics of the nuclear energy: technology, radioactive wastes, radiation protection, the plutonium, the nuclear accidents, the proliferation risks, the economics and nuclear energy and competitiveness, development and sustainability. (A.L.B.)

Green technological change. Renewable energies, policy mix and innovation. Results of the GRETCHEN project on the impact of policy mixes on the technological and structural change in renewable energy electricity production technologies in Germany; Gruener Wandel. Erneuerbare Energien, Policy Mix und Innovation. Ergebnisse des GRETCHEN-Projektes zum Einfluss des Policy Mixes auf technologischen und strukturellen Wandel bei erneuerbaren Stromerzeugungstechnologien in Deutschland

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rogge, Karoline S.; Breitschopf, Barbara; Mattes, Katharina [Fraunhofer-Institut fuer System- und Innovationsforschung (ISI), Karlsruhe (Germany); Cantner, Uwe; Graf, Holger; Herrmann, Johannes; Kalthaus, Martin [Jena Univ. (Germany); Lutz, Christian; Wiebe, Kirsten [Gesellschaft fuer Wirtschaftliche Strukturforschung mbH (GWS), Osnabrueck (Germany)

2015-09-15

The report on the GRETCHEN project that was concerned with the impact of policy mixes on the technological and structural change in renewable energy electricity production technologies in Germany covers the following issues: market and technology development of renewable energy electricity production technologies; the policy mix for renewable electricity production technologies, innovative impact of the policy mix; subordinate conclusions for politics and research.

Renewable energy sources: Energy Efficiency Agency

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bulgarensky, Mihael

2004-01-01

The paper presents the activities of the Energy Efficiency Agency, its main functions, as well as the new legislation stimulating the use of RES, stipulated in the new Energy Law of Bulgaria. The second part of the paper describes the potential of renewable energy in i.e. wind energy; solar energy; biomass energy; hydro energy; geothermal energy; draft of a National Program on RES 2005-2015. The third part describes the main issues of the new ENERGY EFFICIENCY LAW and the established Energy efficiency fund. (Author)

Energy catastrophes and energy consumption

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Davis, G.

1991-01-01

The possibility of energy catastrophes in the production of energy serves to make estimation of the true social costs of energy production difficult. As a result, there is a distinct possibility that the private marginal cost curve of energy producers lies to the left or right of the true cost curve. If so, social welfare will not be maximized, and underconsumption or overconsumption of fuels will exist. The occurrence of energy catastrophes and observance of the market reaction to these occurrences indicates that overconsumption of energy has been the case in the past. Postulations as to market reactions to further energy catastrophes lead to the presumption that energy consumption levels remain above those that are socially optimal

Clean energy, renewable energies; Energie propre, energies renouvelables

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-09-01

This document is the compilation of the 4 issues of the 'energie propre - energie renouvelables' newsletter published by the regional energy agency of Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur region (ARENE). Each issue is a technical file presenting a particular facility or installation: the pico-hydraulic power plant of the Allos lake (Mercantour, French Alps), the 'Chute de la Guerche' and 'Chute de Chastillon' hydraulic power plant exploited by the Isola town; the pico-hydraulic power plant of the drinkable water network of Hameau des Agnielles village, the direct solar thermal floor. (J.S.)

Biomass gasification in Europe - status and perspectives; Vergasung von Biomasse in Europa - Stand und Perspektiven

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dinkelbach, L; Kaltschmitt, M [Stuttgart Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Energiewirtschaft und Rationelle Energieanwendung (IER)

1997-12-31

Gasification of biomass is a promising option, especially in the fields of waste management and power generation, but there are considerable economic and technical problems that must be solved first. A critical analysis of biomass gasification in Europe today shows that this technology is not marketable today and cannot contribute to environmentally acceptable power supply on a short-term basis. (orig) [Deutsch] Von allen Moeglichkeiten einer energetischen Nutzung von Biomasse stellt die Technik der Vergasung insbesondere in den Bereichen Abfallentsorgung und Stromerzeugung eine vielversprechende Option dar. Einer weiteren Verbreitung dieser Technik stehen allerdings erhebliche wirtschaftliche und technische Probleme entgegen. Die kritische Analyse der derzeitigen Gegebenheiten der Biomassevergasung in Europa fuehrt zu dem Schluss, dass diese Technik noch nicht unmittelbar vor der Mrkteinfuehrung steht und somit kurzfristig keinen merklichen Beitrag zu einer umwelt- und klimavertraeglicheren Energieversorgung in Europa leisten kann. (orig)

Biomass gasification in Europe - status and perspectives; Vergasung von Biomasse in Europa - Stand und Perspektiven

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dinkelbach, L.; Kaltschmitt, M. [Stuttgart Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Energiewirtschaft und Rationelle Energieanwendung (IER)

1996-12-31

Gasification of biomass is a promising option, especially in the fields of waste management and power generation, but there are considerable economic and technical problems that must be solved first. A critical analysis of biomass gasification in Europe today shows that this technology is not marketable today and cannot contribute to environmentally acceptable power supply on a short-term basis. (orig) [Deutsch] Von allen Moeglichkeiten einer energetischen Nutzung von Biomasse stellt die Technik der Vergasung insbesondere in den Bereichen Abfallentsorgung und Stromerzeugung eine vielversprechende Option dar. Einer weiteren Verbreitung dieser Technik stehen allerdings erhebliche wirtschaftliche und technische Probleme entgegen. Die kritische Analyse der derzeitigen Gegebenheiten der Biomassevergasung in Europa fuehrt zu dem Schluss, dass diese Technik noch nicht unmittelbar vor der Mrkteinfuehrung steht und somit kurzfristig keinen merklichen Beitrag zu einer umwelt- und klimavertraeglicheren Energieversorgung in Europa leisten kann. (orig)

Energy memento; Memento sur l'energie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-07-01

This memento about energy provides a series of tables with numerical data relative to energy resources and uses in France, in the European Union and in the rest of the world: energy consumption (primary energy, forecasting, CO{sub 2} emissions, energy independence, supplies, uses and imports, demand scenarios, energy savings..), power production (production, forecasting, loads, consumption, hydro-power, thermal equipment, exports), nuclear power (production, forecasting, reactors population, characteristics of French PWRs, uranium needs and fuel cycle), energy resources (renewable energies, fossil fuels and uranium reserves and production), economic data (gross national product, economic and energy indicators, prices and cost estimations), energy units and conversion factors (counting, calorific value of coals, production costs, energy units). (J.S.)

Energy for sustainable development in Malaysia: Energy policy and alternative energy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rahman Mohamed, Abdul; Lee, Keat Teong

2006-01-01

Energy is often known as the catalyst for development. Globally, the per capita consumption of energy is often used as a barometer to measure the level of economic development in a particular country. Realizing the importance of energy as a vital component in economic and social development, the government of Malaysia has been continuously reviewing its energy policy to ensure long-term reliability and security of energy supply. Concentrated efforts are being undertaken to ensure the sustainability of energy resources, both depletable and renewable. The aim of this paper is to describe the various energy policies adopted in Malaysia to ensure long-term reliability and security of energy supply. The role of both, non-renewable and renewable sources of energy in the current Five-Fuel Diversification Strategy energy mix will also be discussed. Apart from that, this paper will also describe the various alternative energy and the implementation of energy efficiency program in Malaysia

Solar energy in the context of energy use, energy transportation and energy storage.

Science.gov (United States)

MacKay, David J C

2013-08-13

Taking the UK as a case study, this paper describes current energy use and a range of sustainable energy options for the future, including solar power and other renewables. I focus on the area involved in collecting, converting and delivering sustainable energy, looking in particular detail at the potential role of solar power. Britain consumes energy at a rate of about 5000 watts per person, and its population density is about 250 people per square kilometre. If we multiply the per capita energy consumption by the population density, then we obtain the average primary energy consumption per unit area, which for the UK is 1.25 watts per square metre. This areal power density is uncomfortably similar to the average power density that could be supplied by many renewables: the gravitational potential energy of rainfall in the Scottish highlands has a raw power per unit area of roughly 0.24 watts per square metre; energy crops in Europe deliver about 0.5 watts per square metre; wind farms deliver roughly 2.5 watts per square metre; solar photovoltaic farms in Bavaria, Germany, and Vermont, USA, deliver 4 watts per square metre; in sunnier locations, solar photovoltaic farms can deliver 10 watts per square metre; concentrating solar power stations in deserts might deliver 20 watts per square metre. In a decarbonized world that is renewable-powered, the land area required to maintain today's British energy consumption would have to be similar to the area of Britain. Several other high-density, high-consuming countries are in the same boat as Britain, and many other countries are rushing to join us. Decarbonizing such countries will only be possible through some combination of the following options: the embracing of country-sized renewable power-generation facilities; large-scale energy imports from country-sized renewable facilities in other countries; population reduction; radical efficiency improvements and lifestyle changes; and the growth of non-renewable low

Energy audit for energy conservation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kanetkar, V.V.

1996-01-01

Energy audit is a very effective management tool for betterment of plant performance. The energy audit has a problem solving approach rather than a fault finding technique. The energy conservation is a rational use of energy. It has been the experience of the developed countries that energy is one issue which results into cost savings with relatively much less efforts/cost in comparison with other resources used in production, development and adoption of energy efficiency equipment and practices in most of production process has been the result of same technique. (author). 1 tab

The energy; L'energie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-07-01

In order to inform the public on the stakes bonded to the energy, the french government developed seven days of information on the energy. Visits of energy facilities (production, transport, storage, distribution) are proposed. Colloquium, exhibitions and debates on the energy questions are also offered to the public. This paper summarizes the activities and the concerned addresses of these energy days. (A.L.B.)

Pocket dictionary of energy. Taschenlexikon Energie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ahlhaus, O; Boldt, G; Gonsior, B; Klein, K; Ziburske, H

1981-01-01

The pocket dictionary of energy does not only address the interested amateur but also students, pupils, teachers, scientists, technicians, and polititcians in like manner. The dictionary contains ca. 900 key-words from the fields of energy, consumption, energy types, energy deposits, energy programmes, energy industry, thermal insulation, governmental aids for energy conservation measures, heating cost calculation, energy utilization and energy conservation. The problems of the costs and efficiency of energy conversion, energy pricing, the promotion of research projects, the rentability of heating devices or insulation, the sanitation of old buildings, governmental aids by subsidies or tax abatement according to the modernization and energy conservation law etc., as well as the problem of pollution and the endangering of the environment by exhaust air, waste heat, ash and litter are emphasized particularly. Considering the space available the criterion for the selection of the key-words was not a scientific completeness but the provision of a fundamental understanding of the matter.

Clean energy : nuclear energy world

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2007-10-15

This book explains the nuclear engineering to kids with easy way. There are explanations of birth of nuclear energy such as discover of nuclear and application of modern technology of nuclear energy, principles and structure of nuclear power plant, fuel, nuclear waste management, use of radiation for medical treatment, food supplies, industry, utilization of neutron. It indicates the future of nuclear energy as integral nuclear energy and nuclear fusion energy.

Energy Trends 2012; Energie Trends 2012

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Van Dril, T. (ed.); Gerdes, J. (ed.) [ECN Beleidsstudies, Petten (Netherlands); Marbus, S. (ed.) [Energie-Nederland, Den Haag (Netherlands); Boelhouwer, M. (ed.) [Netbeheer Nederland, Arnhem (Netherlands)

2012-11-15

In Energy Trends 2012, all figures and developments in the field of energy in the Netherlands are presented in conjunction. The book provides information on energy use by consumers and businesses, provides insight into the international energy trade, energy production and development of energy networks [Dutch] In Energie Trends 2012 staan alle cijfers en ontwikkelingen op het gebied van energie in Nederland in samenhang gepresenteerd. Het boek biedt informatie over energiegebruik door consumenten en bedrijven, geeft inzage in de internationale energiehandel en energieproductie en biedt inzicht in de ontwikkeling van de energienetten.

The hydro energy; Energie hydraulique

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vachey, C.

2000-05-01

This paper is a first approach of the hydro energy energy. It presents the principle and the applications of this energy source. It proposes recommendations on the sizing and the cost estimation of an installation and the environmental impacts of this energy. (A.L.B.)

Energy modeling: nuclear energy as China's main energy after 2040

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Guo Xingqu

1987-01-01

According to the energy modeling and the strategic forecast of China's economic development and population, the energy demand in China in the coming century has been calculated yearly by computer simulation. It is shown by the calculation results that the primary energy consumption in 2050 will be 3.37-4.25 times as that of 2000. The fossil energy will still be the main energy during the early stage of 21st century, but it will be cut down rapidly since 2020s as its annual consumption is increased to 1.656-2.044 x 10 9 tce/a. Because the fossil fuel ressources in China are limited, more and more fossil fuel will be mainly turned to chemical products, and the environmental pollution will be serious if we still use the fossil as a main fuel widely. The amount of renewable energy will be increasing, but its share in the primary energy consumption will be cut down from 36% to about 20% during the first half of next century and then will maintain this portion. In this case, the nuclear energy will be developed rapidly during the early stage of next century and will become the main energy since 2040. The methodology of energy forecast has also been reviewed

Future energy, exotic energy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dumon, R

1974-01-01

The Detroit Energy Conference has highlighted the declining oil reserves, estimated worldwide at 95 billion tons vs. an annual rate of consumption of over 3 billion tons. The present problem is one of price; also, petroleum seems too valuable to be simply burned. New sources must come into action before 1985. The most abundant is coal, with 600 billion tons of easily recoverable reserves; then comes oil shale with a potential of 400 billion tons of oil. Exploitation at the rate of 55 go 140 million tons/yr is planned in the U.S. after 1985. More exotic and impossible to estimate quantitatively are such sources as wind, tides, and the thermal energy of the oceans--these are probably far in the future. The same is true of solar and geothermal energy in large amounts. The only other realistic energy source is nuclear energy: the European Economic Community looks forward to covering 60% of its energy needs from nuclear energy in the year 2000. Even today, from 400 mw upward, a nuclear generating plant is more economical than a fossil fueled one. Conservation will become the byword, and profound changes in society are to be expected.

Energy efficiency, renewable energy and sustainable development

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ervin, C.A.

1994-12-31

The Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) is part of the U.S. Department of Energy that is specifically charged with encouraging the more efficient use of energy resources, and the use of renewable energy resources - such as solar power, wind power, biomass energy and geothermal energy. In the past several years, EE has increased its emphasis on technology deployment through partnerships with states, local governments and private companies. Partnerships move new discoveries more quickly into the marketplace, where they can create jobs, prevent pollution, save resources, and produce many other benefits. The author then emphasizes the importance of this effort in a number of different sections of the paper: energy consumption pervades everything we do; U.S. energy imports are rising to record levels; transportation energy demand is increasing; U.S. energy use is increasing; population growth increases world energy demand; total costs of energy consumption aren`t always counted; world energy markets offer incredible potential; cost of renewables is decreasing; clean energy is essential to sustainable development; sustainable energy policy; sustainable energy initiatives: utilities, buildings, and transportation.

Energy efficiency, renewable energy and sustainable development

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ervin, C.A.

1994-01-01

The Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) is part of the U.S. Department of Energy that is specifically charged with encouraging the more efficient use of energy resources, and the use of renewable energy resources - such as solar power, wind power, biomass energy and geothermal energy. In the past several years, EE has increased its emphasis on technology deployment through partnerships with states, local governments and private companies. Partnerships move new discoveries more quickly into the marketplace, where they can create jobs, prevent pollution, save resources, and produce many other benefits. The author then emphasizes the importance of this effort in a number of different sections of the paper: energy consumption pervades everything we do; U.S. energy imports are rising to record levels; transportation energy demand is increasing; U.S. energy use is increasing; population growth increases world energy demand; total costs of energy consumption aren't always counted; world energy markets offer incredible potential; cost of renewables is decreasing; clean energy is essential to sustainable development; sustainable energy policy; sustainable energy initiatives: utilities, buildings, and transportation

Energy Consumption vs. Energy Requirement

Science.gov (United States)

Fan, L. T.; Zhang, Tengyan; Schlup, John R.

2006-01-01

Energy is necessary for any phenomenon to occur or any process to proceed. Nevertheless, energy is never consumed; instead, it is conserved. What is consumed is available energy, or exergy, accompanied by an increase in entropy. Obviously, the terminology, "energy consumption" is indeed a misnomer although it is ubiquitous in the…

Energy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Meister, F.; Ott, F.

2002-01-01

This chapter gives an overview of the current energy economy in Austria. The Austrian political aims of sustainable development and climate protection imply a reorientation of the Austrian energy policy as a whole. Energy consumption trends (1993-1998), final energy consumption by energy carrier (indexed data 1993-1999), comparative analysis of useful energy demand (1993 and 1999) and final energy consumption of renewable energy sources by sector (1996-1999) in Austria are given. The necessary measures to be taken in order to reduce the energy demand and increased the use of renewable energy are briefly mentioned. Figs. 5. (nevyjel)

Bio energy: Bio energy in the Energy System of the Future

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Finden, Per; Soerensen, Heidi; Wilhelmsen, Gunnar

2001-01-01

This is Chapter 7, the final chapter, of the book ''Bio energy - Environment, technique and market''. Its main sections are: (1) Factors leading to changes in the energy systems, (2) The energy systems of the future, globally, (3) The future energy system in Norway and (4) Norwegian energy policy at the crossroads

The renewable energies; Les energies renouvelables

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2004-07-01

The renewable energies are everywhere but also irregular. Thus they need savings in our energy consumptions. This document provides information, such as economics, capacity and implementation, on the following renewable energies: the wind power, the solar energy, the photovoltaic energy, the biogas, the geothermal energy, the hydroelectricity, the wood. It also presents a state of the art and examples of bio-climatic architecture. (A.L.B.)

To understand the new world of energy - Energy saving and energy efficiency: the world of energy 2.0

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Maestroni, Myriam; Chevalier, J.M.; Derdevet, Michel

2013-01-01

This bibliographical note contains the table of contents and a brief presentation of a book which proposes a general overview of the world of modern energy, focuses on the main associated political and climatic stakes and challenges. It also addresses the crucial issue of energy efficiency and energy savings which are the pillars of the current energy transition. The chapters address the world energy stakes and challenges, the emergence of a new energetic paradigm, the issues of energy efficiency and energy savings, the main sources of energy savings to be exploited and valorised, the situation in Europe and in the World regarding energy efficiency, the relationship between energy transition and local territories, the necessary continuous innovation

Energy-Water Nexus | Energy Analysis | NREL

Science.gov (United States)

Nexus Energy-Water Nexus Water is required to produce energy. Energy is required to pump, treat , and transport water. The energy-water nexus examines the interactions between these two inextricably linked sectors. A cartoon showing the nexus of water and energy using red and blue arrows to indicate the

Dutch Energy Investment Allowance (EIA). Energy and Companies. Energy List for 2007; Energie-Investeringsaftrek. Energie en Bedrijven. Energielijst 2007

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2007-07-01

The EIA scheme (Energy Investment Allowance) offers a fiscal advantage when investing in energy-saving company assets and sustainable energy. In addition to the usual depreciation rate, 44% of the investment costs of these assets are deductible from the fiscal profit. The Dutch government uses the EIA scheme to promote a sustainable energy management that, in the long term, results in clean, available and affordable energy. Section 1 of this brochure lists the changes compared to 2006. Section 2 explains how the EIA scheme works. Section 3 explains how to apply for the allowance. Section 4 provides additional information concerning the Energy List. Section 5 includes an overview, with descriptions and examples, of energy investments (Energy List). Section 6 explains how to submit a proposal for additions or changes to the scheme for 2008, compared to 2007. Section 7 contains an application form for EIA, along with an authorisation form. [Dutch] De Energie-investeringsaftrek (EIA) biedt ondernemers een belastingvoordeel als er wordt geinvesteerd in energiebesparende bedrijfsmiddelen en duurzame energie. Naast de gebruikelijke afschrijving is 44% van de investeringskosten van deze bedrijfsmiddelen aftrekbaar van de fiscale winst. In deel 1 van deze brochure vindt u de wijzigingen ten opzichte van het jaar 2006. In deel 2 treft u een uitleg aan over de werking van de EIA. In deel 3 leest u hoe u gebruik kunt maken van deze regeling. In deel 4 staat de toelichting op de energielijst. In deel 5 is een overzicht opgenomen met omschrijvingen en voorbeelden van energie-investeringen, de zogenoemde Energielijst. In deel 6 is aangegeven hoe u een voorstel kunt doen om de Energielijst van 2007 aan te vullen of te wijzigen voor 2008. Het meldingsformulier om EIA aan te vragen en het machtigingsformulier zijn opgenomen bij deel 7.

Hydrogen energy based on nuclear energy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2002-06-01

A concept to produce hydrogen of an energy carrier using nuclear energy was proposed since 1970s, and a number of process based on thermochemical method has been investigated after petroleum shock. As this method is used high temperature based on nuclear reactors, these researches are mainly carried out as a part of application of high temperature reactors, which has been carried out at an aim of the high temperature reactor application in the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute. On October, 2000, the 'First International Conference for Information Exchange on Hydrogen Production based on Nuclear Energy' was held by auspice of OECD/NEA, where hydrogen energy at energy view in the 21st Century, technology on hydrogen production using nuclear energy, and so on, were published. This commentary was summarized surveys and researches on hydrogen production using nuclear energy carried out by the Nuclear Hydrogen Research Group established on January, 2001 for one year. They contains, views on energy and hydrogen/nuclear energy, hydrogen production using nuclear energy and already finished researches, methods of hydrogen production using nuclear energy and their present conditions, concepts on production plants of nuclear hydrogen, resources on nuclear hydrogen production and effect on global environment, requests from market and acceptability of society, and its future process. (G.K.)

Renewable energy worldwide outlooks: solar energy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Darnell, J.R.

1994-01-01

Solar energy yield is weak because it is very diffuse. The solar energy depends on the weather. The collectors need the beam radiation. Wavelength is important for some applications that include not only the visible spectrum but also infrared and ultraviolet radiation. The areas of the greatest future population growth are high on solar energy resources. We have different types of conversion systems where energy can be converted from solar to electric or thermal energy. Photovoltaic cells are made of silicone or gallium arsenide, this latter for the space use. For the solar energy applications there is a storage problem: electric batteries or superconducting magnets. Today, the highest use of solar energy is in the low temperature thermal category with over 90% of the world contribution from this energy. The penetration of solar energy will be higher in rural areas than in urban regions. But there are technical, institutional, economic constraints. In spite of that the use of solar energy would be increasing and will go on to increase thereafter. The decreasing costs over time are a real phenomenon and there is a broad public support for increased use of that energy. 15 figs

Energy memento; Memento sur l'energie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-07-01

This memento about energy provides a series of tables with numerical data relative to energy resources and uses in France, in the European Union and in the rest of the world: energy consumption (primary energy, forecasting, CO{sub 2} emissions, energy independence, supplies, uses and imports, demand scenarios, energy savings..), power production (production, forecasting, loads, consumption, hydro-power, thermal equipment, exports), nuclear power (production, forecasting, reactors population, characteristics of French PWRs, uranium needs and fuel cycle), energy resources (renewable energies, fossil fuels and uranium reserves and production), economic data (gross national product, economic and energy indicators, prices and cost estimations), energy units and conversion factors (counting, calorific value of coals, production costs, energy units). (J.S.)

OPTIMARKT. Reduction of the global warming potential (GWP) and saving of non renewable energy sources (PE{sub ne}) of food retail supermarkets within Austria; Optimarkt. Energieverbrauch und Treibhauspotenzial von Supermaerkten. Reduktion des Treibhauspotenzials (GWP) und Einsparung von nicht erneuerbarer Primaerenergie (PE{sub ne}) in Supermaerkten des Lebensmitteleinzelhandels in Oesterreich

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hofer, Gerald [Hauser GmbH, Wien (Austria)

2010-06-15

This article shows how integrated building engineering on a supermarket works. With analysing of two reference supermarkets as a definition of the standard in Austria, will be made an identification of parameters for energy and ecology. After that a benchmarking with an optimised building called OPTIMARKT will take place. Due optimising of the building shell, illumination, refrigerated cabinets and system, ventilation, heating and cooling system of the building the consumption of non renewable energy and global warming. (orig.)

Energy awareness luncheon and energy seminar

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

None

1980-07-23

A separate abstract was prepared for each of the following: the luncheon address, energy-growth-freedom by Kenneth A. Randall; the keynote commentary, by F.S. Patton, program chairman; and four current-awareness papers on the future of oil and gas, coal, nuclear energy, and solar energy. In addition, in a section, Speaking of Energy, very brief statements by eight professional engineers on the energy challenge are included. Also, the NSPE position paper on energy policy is included.

Architecture and energy; Arkitektur og energi

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Marsh, R.; Grupe Larsen, V.; Lauring, M.; Christensen, Morten

2006-07-01

The aim of this book is to illustrate the interaction between architecture and energy in an overall perspective starting from the new energy requirements. Architects make a lot of form related outlines early in the design process, and these have significant consequences for the energy consumption. Furthermore, the new energy requirements start from an overall evaluation, during which the architectural form is of decisive importance to minimization of the energy consumption. The book focuses on four themes: a) day lighting, which plays a decisive part in relation to our health and wellness inside buildings, b) solar heating; passive solar heating has traditionally been playing an important part in low-energy architecture, c) rough house; choice of materials can both increase and decrease buildings' energy consumption, and d) technology; modern buildings use a number of energy demanding installations, therefore the interaction between technology and energy is examined. (BA)

Energy in Croatia 2009, Annual Energy Report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2010-01-01

With the eighteenth edition of the Review Energy in Croatia, Ministry of Economy, Labour and Entrepreneurship continues the practice of informing domestic and foreign public on relations and trends within the Croatian energy sector. This Review gives, in a recognizable and comprehensible way, data and characteristic values relevant to the Croatian energy sector, providing an overview on energy production and consumption at all levels. There is a detailed analysis of the trends present in the energy sector as well as a number of information on capacities, reserves, prices and energy balances for crude oil, all petroleum products, natural gas, electricity, heat energy, coal and renewable energy sources. The Review also brings the main economic and financial indicators, data on air pollutant emissions and main energy efficiancy indicators. It also gives the ODEX energy efficiancy index, which is determined according to the methodology used in the European Union. This indicator monitors the energy efficiancy trends over a period of time in the sectors of industry, transport, households and in total consumption. Finally, the Review brings the energy balances of the Republic of Croatia for the years 2008 and 2009, made following the EUROSTAT and IEA methodologies. In 2009 total energy demand in Croatia was 1.6 percent lower than the year before. At the same time, gross domestic product fell by 5.8 percent, which as a result gave a 4.4 percent higher level of energy intensity in total energy consumption. When compared to the average energy intensity level in the EU (EU27), the energy intensity in Croatia was 6.8 percent higher. The primary energy production in 2009 was 7.1 percent higher form the previous year. Also, due to favorable hydrological situation the hydropower utilization grew by 31 percent. The energy from renewable sources increased by 29.8 percent and the energy from fuel wood increased by 5.6 percent. The production of crude oil in 2009 decreased by 6

Energy in Croatia 2011, Annual Energy Report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2012-01-01

With the twentieth edition of the Review Energy in Croatia, Ministry of Economy, Labour and Entrepreneurship continues the practice of informing domestic and foreign public on relations and trends within the Croatian energy sector. This Review gives, in a recognizable and comprehensible way, data and characteristic values relevant to the Croatian energy sector, providing an overview on energy production and consumption at all levels. There is a detailed analysis of the trends present in the energy sector as well as a number of information on capacities, reserves, prices and energy balances for crude oil, all petroleum products, natural gas, electricity, heat energy, coal and renewable energy sources. The Review also brings the main economic and financial indicators, data on air pollutant emissions and main energy efficiancy indicators. It also gives the ODEX energy efficiency index, which is determined according to the methodology used in the European Union. This indicator monitors the energy efficiancy trends over a period of time in the sectors of industry, transport, households and in total consumption. Finally, the Review brings the energy balances of the Republic of Croatia for the years 2010 and 2011, made following the EUROSTAT and IEA methodologies. In 2011 total primary energy supply in Croatia was 6.8 percent lower than the year before. At the same time, gross domestic product slightly decreased by 0.01 percent, which resulted in lowering energy intensity of total energy consumption by a 6.8 percent. When compared to the average energy intensity level in the EU (EU27), the energy intensity in Croatia was only 1.2 percent higher. The primary energy production in 2011 decreased by 18 percent from the previous year. Also, due to unfavorable hydrological situation the hydropower utilization was as much as 46.6 percent lower than in 2010. The energy from renewable sources increased by 13.3 percent and the energy from fuel wood, ondustrial waste wood, energy

78 FR 13869 - Puget Sound Energy, Inc.; Puget Sound Energy, Inc.; Puget Sound Energy, Inc.; Puget Sound Energy...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-03-01

...-123-LNG; 12-128-NG; 12-148-NG; 12- 158-NG] Puget Sound Energy, Inc.; Puget Sound Energy, Inc.; Puget Sound Energy, Inc.; Puget Sound Energy, Inc.; Puget Sound Energy, Inc.; CE FLNG, LLC; Consolidated...-NG Puget Sound Energy, Inc Order granting long- term authority to import/export natural gas from/to...

The Energy Factory; EnergieFabriek

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Van den Boomen, M.; Van den Dungen, G.J.; Elias, T.; Jansen, M. [Universiteit van Amsterdam UvA, Amsterdam (Netherlands)

2009-05-15

The Energy Factory is a collaboration of 26 Dutch local water boards in which options for energy saving and energy production are examined. According to the authors, the initiative of the Energy Factory will lead to a reframing of the role of the water boards. Moreover, they explain how the PPP concept (People, Planet, Profit) may act as platform for negotiations between actors who are involved in the Energy Factory. In addition, the PPP concept is used to demonstrate that the Energy Factory will lead to larger social involvement, social entrepreneurship and growing profits [Dutch] De Energiefabriek is een samenwerkingsverband van 26 waterschappen in Nederland waarin wordt gezocht naar mogelijkheden om energie te besparen en zelf energie te produceren. Volgens de auteurs van deze notitie leidt het initiatief van de Energiefabriek tot een reframing van de rol van waterschappen. Daarnaast leggen ze uit hoe het PPP-concept (People, Profit, Planet) kan fungeren als platform voor onderhandelingen tussen de actoren die betrokken zijn bij de Energiefabriek. Verder wordt met het PPP-concept aangetoond dat de Energiefabriek leidt tot ruimere maatschappelijke betrokkenheid, maatschappelijk ondernemen en winstvergroting.

The Energy Crisis and Solar Energy

Science.gov (United States)

Bockris, J. O'M.

1974-01-01

Examines the status of the energy crisis in Australia. Outlines energy alternatives for the 1990's and describes the present status of solar energy research and the economics of solar energy systems. (GS)

Energy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Meister, F.

2001-01-01

This chapter of the environmental control report deals with the environmental impact of energy production, energy conversion, atomic energy and renewable energy. The development of the energy consumption in Austria for the years 1993 to 1999 is given for the different energy types. The development of the use of renewable energy sources in Austria is given, different domestic heat-systems are compared, life cycles and environmental balance are outlined. (a.n.)

Industry and energy; Industrie et energie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Birules y Bertran, A.M. [Ministere des Sciences et de la Technologie (Spain); Folgado Blanco, J. [Secretariat d' Etat a l' Economie, a l' Energie et aux PME du Royaume d' Espagne (Spain)

2002-07-01

This document is the provisional version of the summary of the debates of the 2433. session of the European Union Council about various topics relative to the industry and the energy. The energy-related topics that have been debated concern: the government helps in coal industry, the internal electricity and gas market, the trans-European energy networks, the bio-fuels in transportation systems, the energy charter, the pluri-annual energy program, and the green book on the security of energy supplies. (J.S.)

Studies on agglomeration of colloidal suspensions in an alternating electric field; Untersuchungen zur Agglomeration kolloidaler Suspensionen im elektrischen Wechselfeld

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mueller, M. [Inst. fuer Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik und Mechanik, Univ. Karlsruhe (Germany); Loeffler, F. [Inst. fuer Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik und Mechanik, Univ. Karlsruhe (Germany)

1996-07-01

Colloidal solutions contain particles in the {mu}m range whose agglomeration and coagulation is of interest for certain applications. `Electrocoagulation` means that in an electric field droplets or particles in a disperse phase have higher kinetic energy so that the probability of overcoming repulsive forces and of forming bigger aggregates will increase. The electrocoagulation technique is applied for emulsion cracking of water-in-oil systems (desalination and dewatering of petroleum, petroleum cracking) and, in some cases, also for cracking oil-in-water systems. Removal of colloidal solids from aqueous solution during electrochemical waste water treatment is often carried out with the aid of dissolving aluminium or iron electrodes. The authors describe experiments in which the flow of an electric current, which would cause the electrodes to dissolve, was to be prevented. An alternating field was to induce oscillation of the particles, i.e. relative motion of the particles with respect to each other. (orig./SR) [Deutsch] Kolloidale Loesungen enthalten Partikel im {mu}m-Bereich. In manchen Bereichen ist deren Agglomeration bzw. Koagulation von Interesse. Unter dem Begriff der Elektrokoagulation versteht man im allgemeinen das Phaenomen, dass in einem elektrischen Feld Tropfen oder Partikel in einer dispersen Phase eine hoehere kinetische Energie besitzen, und dadurch die Wahrscheinlichkeit zur Ueberwindung von Abstossungskraeften und zur Bildung groesserer Aggregate steigt. Das Verfahren der Elektrokoagulation wird bisher zur Emulsionsspaltung von Wasser/Oel-Systemen (Entsaltzung und Entwaesserung von Erdoel/Erdoelspaltung) und z.T. auch zur Spaltung von Oel/Wasser-Systemen eingesetzt. Zur Entfernung kolloidaler Feststoffe aus waessrigen Loesungen bei der elektrochemischen Aufarbeitung von Abwasser wird haeufig mit sich aufloesenden Aluminium- oder Eisenelektroden gearbeitet. In den im folgenden dargestellten Untersuchungen sollte ein Stromfluss durch die

Energy in Croatia 2012, Annual Energy Report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2013-01-01

With the twenty-first edition of the Review Energy in Croatia, Ministry of Economy, Labour and Entrepreneurship continues the practice of informing domestic and foreign public on relations and trends within the Croatian energy sector. This Review gives, in a recognizable and comprehensible way, data and characteristic values relevant to the Croatian energy sector, providing an overview on energy production and consumption at all levels. There is a detailed analysis of the trends present in the energy sector as well as a number of information on capacities, reserves, prices and energy balances for crude oil, all petroleum products, natural gas, electricity, heat energy, coal and renewable energy sources. The Review also brings the main economic and financial indicators, data on air pollutant emissions and main energy efficiancy indicators. It also gives the ODEX energy efficiency index, which is determined according to the methodology used in the European Union. This indicator monitors the energy efficiancy trends over a period of time in the sectors of industry, transport, households and in total consumption. Finally, the Review brings the energy balances of the Republic of Croatia for the years 2011 and 2012, made following the EUROSTAT and IEA methodologies. In 2012 total energy demand in Croatia was 4.7 percent lower than the year before. At the same time, gross domestic product fell by 2 percent, which resulted in a decrease in a total primary energy supply intensity by 2.8 percent. When compared to the average energy intensity level in the EU (EU27), the energy intensity in Croatia was 6.9 percent higher. The primary energy production in 2012 decreased by 5.6 compared to the previous year. Also, due to hydrological situation the hydropower utilization grew by 6.7 percent. The energy from renewable sources increased by 29.8 percent and the energy from fuel wood increased by 5.6 percent. The production of crude oil in 2012 decreased by 9.7 percent and of natural

French people, energy transition, and energy savings. IFOP for Energie Perspective

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fourquet, Jerome; Chasles-Parot, Marion

2014-10-01

After a presentation of the adopted methodology, this report presents under the form of tables, and comments the results of a survey performed on the perception and relationship French people have on and with energy transition and energy savings. Different aspects have been addressed and assessed by this survey: confidence in local authorities, recognition of energy transition, sensitivity of the issue of energy transition, an example of a local authority communication about energy issues, notoriety of subsidies and primes awarded by the local authority for energy-related works, assessment of well-being in housing, housing occupation status, intention to perform energy-related renovation works in the housing, choice between a large national group or a local company to perform these works

Energy

CERN Document Server

Robertson, William C

2002-01-01

Confounded by kinetic energy? Suspect that teaching about simple machines isn t really so simple? Exasperated by electricity? If you fear the study of energy is beyond you, this entertaining book will do more than introduce you to the topic. It will help you actually understand it. At the book s heart are easy-to-grasp explanations of energy basics work, kinetic energy, potential energy, and the transformation of energy and energy as it relates to simple machines, heat energy, temperature, and heat transfer. Irreverent author Bill Robertson suggests activities that bring the basic concepts of energy to life with common household objects. Each chapter ends with a summary and an applications section that uses practical examples such as roller coasters and home heating systems to explain energy transformations and convection cells. The final chapter brings together key concepts in an easy-to-grasp explanation of how electricity is generated. Energy is the second book in the Stop Faking It! series published by NS...

Western Energy Corridor -- Energy Resource Report

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Leslie Roberts; Michael Hagood

2011-06-01

The world is facing significant growth in energy demand over the next several decades. Strategic in meeting this demand are the world-class energy resources concentrated along the Rocky Mountains and northern plains in Canada and the U.S., informally referred to as the Western Energy Corridor (WEC). The fossil energy resources in this region are rivaled only in a very few places in the world, and the proven uranium reserves are among the world's largest. Also concentrated in this region are renewable resources contributing to wind power, hydro power, bioenergy, geothermal energy, and solar energy. Substantial existing and planned energy infrastructure, including refineries, pipelines, electrical transmission lines, and rail lines provide access to these resources.

Western Energy Corridor -- Energy Resource Report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Roberts, Leslie; Hagood, Michael

2011-01-01

The world is facing significant growth in energy demand over the next several decades. Strategic in meeting this demand are the world-class energy resources concentrated along the Rocky Mountains and northern plains in Canada and the U.S., informally referred to as the Western Energy Corridor (WEC). The fossil energy resources in this region are rivaled only in a very few places in the world, and the proven uranium reserves are among the world's largest. Also concentrated in this region are renewable resources contributing to wind power, hydro power, bioenergy, geothermal energy, and solar energy. Substantial existing and planned energy infrastructure, including refineries, pipelines, electrical transmission lines, and rail lines provide access to these resources.

Improving energy efficiency in industrial energy systems an interdisciplinary perspective on barriers, energy audits, energy management, policies, and programs

CERN Document Server

Thollander, Patrik

2012-01-01

Industrial energy efficiency is one of the most important means of reducing the threat of increased global warming. Research however states that despite the existence of numerous technical energy efficiency measures, its deployment is hindered by the existence of various barriers to energy efficiency. The complexity of increasing energy efficiency in manufacturing industry calls for an interdisciplinary approach to the issue. Improving energy efficiency in industrial energy systems applies an interdisciplinary perspective in examining energy efficiency in industrial energy systems, and discuss

Semi-automatische Orbita-Segmentierung in CT-Bilddaten

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tingelhoff, Kathrin

2009-08-01

Full Text Available Die Segmentierung medizinischer Bilddaten gewinnt in vielen klinischen Bereichen an Bedeutung. Die Segmentierungsergebnisse können zur Diagnose, Operationsplanung oder Definition eines Arbeitsraumes für roboter-assistierte Systeme verwendet werden. In diesem Paper wird ein neues Verfahren zur semi-automatischen Orbita-Segmentierung mit minimalem Interaktionsaufwand vorgestellt. Die Ergebnisse der semi-automatischen Segmentierung haben wir mit der manuellen Segmentierung eines Experten in Bezug auf Volumen, Überlappungsmaße und Segmentierungszeit verglichen. Die Abweichung zwischen manueller und semi-automatischer Segmentierung beträgt durchschnittlich 3,29% des Volumens. Im Vergleich zur manuellen Segmentierung liegen die Ergebnisse deutlich unter den Schwankungen der interindividuellen Variabilität, daher ist dieses Verfahren der manuellen Segmentierung vorzuziehen. In unserer künftigen Arbeit möchten wir den Interaktionsaufwand sowie den Segmentierungsfehler weiter reduzieren. Zudem sollen die Einsatzmöglichkeiten des Verfahrens zur präoperativen Planung von Orbitarekonstruktionen evaluiert werden.

Studien zur Messung von Rekonstruktionseffizienz und Untergrund der $\\tau$-Lepton-Identifikation im Zerfall $Z\\to \\tau \\tau$ beim ATLAS-Experiment aus Daten

CERN Document Server

Johnert, Sebastian

2008-01-01

In dieser Diplomarbeit werden zwei Methoden vorgestellt, mit denen τ -Leptonen in den zuk ̈nf- u tigen Daten des ATLAS-Experiments untersucht werden sollen. Den ersten Teil bildet die Be- stimmung von Missidentifikationsraten von Jets aus QCD-2-Jet-Ereignissen als τ -Leptonen. Der zweite Teil ist die Entwicklung einer Methode zur Bestimmung der τ -Rekonstruktions- und -Identifikationseffizienz relativ zur μ-Effizienz. In diesem Zusammenhang werden invariante Massen aus Z → ll-Ereignissen bestimmt, die Massen aus Z → τ τ -Ereignissen mit denen aus Z → ee und Z → μμ verglichen, τ -Effizienzen gemittelt uber alle Bereiche und in verschiedenen ̈ o η-Bereichen berechnet sowie eine M ̈glichkeit zur Bestimmung von τ -Effizienzen in unterschied- lichen Transversalimpulsbereichen vorgestellt. Des Weiteren wird eine verbesserte Absch ̈tzung a des QCD-Untergrunds vorgenommen und das Verhalten der τ -Effizienz unter Ber ̈cksichtigung u des Triggers untersucht.

The world's biggest dam construction project at the Yangtze river. The Three Gorges project; Weltweit groesster Staudamm entsteht am Jangtse. Three-Gorges-Projekt

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kreher, G.

2002-02-11

The author, having seen the Three Gorges Project model exhibited at the Expo 2000 in Hannover, went there to get an impression of the real dimensions of this gigantic project. His report also contains personal impressions but primarily gives a picture of the engineering, landscaping, and social aspects and implications, also referring to relevant technical information obtained on site.(orig./CB) [German] Der Autor hat den Stand der Arbeiten am Three-Gorges-Projekt (TGP) anhand eines im China-Pavillon auf der Expo 2000 in Hannover detailliert vorgestellten Planungsprojektes zum Anlass genommen, sich vor Ort vom Fortgang der Arbeiten zu ueberzeugen. Vor allem war das Interesse zum heute noch sichtbaren urspruenglichen Landschaftsbild und den sich danach in vielen Bereichen ergebenden Veraenderungen in der Region geweckt. Im Folgenden sollen ein Bild der persoenlichen Eindruecke, eine Einschaetzung des Verfassers zur Situation vor Ort und zeitnahe Aussagen von zugaenglichen Quellen widergespiegelt werden. (orig.)

Energy in Croatia 2007, Annual Energy Report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2008-01-01

With a great deal of pleasure we present the sixteenth edition of the review Energy in Croatia. With this Review the Ministry of Economy, Labor and Entrepreneurship continues the practice of informing domestic and foreign public on relations and trends within the Croatian energy sector. This Review gives data and characteristic values relevant to the Croatian energy sector, providing an overview on energy production and consumption at all levels. There is a detailed analysis of the trends present in the energy sector as well as a number of information on capacities, reserves, prices and energy balances for crude oil, all petroleum products, natural gas, electricity, heat energy, coal and renewable energy sources. The Review also brings the main economic and financial indicators, data on air pollutant emissions and main energy efficiency indicators. It also gives the ODEX energy efficiency index, which is determined according to the methodology used in the European Union. This indicator monitors the energy efficiency trends over a period of time in the sectors of industry, transport, households and in total consumption. Finally, the Review brings the energy balances of the Republic of Croatia for the years 2006 and 2007, made following the EUROSTAT and IEA methodologies. Total annual energy consumption in Croatia in 2007 increased by 1.5 percent from the previous year. At the same time gross domestic product increased by 5.6 percent, which resulted in a continuing energy intensity reduction, by 3.8 percent. In relation the European Union (EU 27), energy intensity in Croatia was 16.5 percent above the European average. In 2007 the Croatian production of primary energy decreased by 6.4 percent. The production decrease was recorded in most of primary energy forms. The only energy forms with growing production in 2007 were natural gas production and energy from renewable sources. Due to unfavorable hydrology in 2007, hydro power utilization decreased by 27.4 percent

Energy in 1996; L`energie en 1996

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-12-31

Six charts are presented and discussed concerning energy utilization in France during the 1970-1996 period: national energy bill, energy intensity ratios, imported crude oil costs, energy-induced carbon dioxide emissions, operating ability ratios of EDF nuclear plants, France`s energy independence ratios. 1996 has seen an strong increase (+31%) in the energy bill, reaching 77 billions Francs, combining an increase in energy consumption and dollar exchange rate and a decline in energy conservation; carbon dioxide emission are taking up again after a strong decrease in the 80`s

Pocket dictionary of energy. BI-Taschenlexikon Energie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Conrad, W

1981-01-01

This dictionary explains all important concepts of the field of energy conversion, energy use, energy sources, energy transfer, and energy distribution. The explanations are given in popular form so as to be generally intelligible.

The wind energy, a clean and renewable energy; L'energie eolienne, une energie propre et renouvelable

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2004-07-01

Facing the context of greenhouse gases reduction, the France began a national program of fight against the climatic change, in which the development of the renewable energies plays a major part. Among the renewable energy sources, the wind energy is the only one which is cheap and easily used. After a presentation of the leader of the wind energy in Europe (Germany, Spain and Denmark) and the position of the France, the document details the economical and environmental advantages of the wind energy, as the public opinion concerning this energy source. (A.L.B.)

Solar energy versus nuclear energy as energy sources at the transition period

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sastroamidjojo, MSA.

Technical aspects and social aspects of nuclear power plants and solar energy system as energy sources, were comparatively evaluated. The evaluation proves that solar energy is better than nuclear energy. (SMN)

Energy supply and energy saving in Ukraine

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

V.M. Ilchenko

2015-09-01

Full Text Available The article examines the main problems and solutions of energy saving and energy supply in Ukraine. Low energy efficiency has become one of the main factors of the crisis in the Ukrainian economy. The most relevant scientific and methodical approaches to assessment of the level of energy consumption and saving are indicated. The comparative analysis of annual energy use has been made. A potential to solve energy supply problems is strongly correlated with the ability to ensure the innovative development of economy for efficient and economical use of existing and imported energy resources. The ways for reducing of energy resource consumption have been suggested. Creation of technological conditions for the use of alternative energy sources is considered to be rational also. The development of renewable sources of energy (alternative and renewable energy sources will provide a significant effect in reducing the use of traditional energy sources, harmful emissions and greenhouse gas. Under these conditions, increasing of energy efficiency of economy and its competitiveness can be real. Improvement of environmental and social conditions of citizens of the country will mark a positive step towards the EU, and also will cancel some problems of the future generation.

Effect of energy taxes on energy consumption

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Johnsen, T.A.

1991-01-01

The energy consumption and taxation in Norway is described in addition to some of the consequences of this taxation on the energy market. Modelling of energy demand is dealt with. It is concluded that the influence of energy taxation on energy consumption is dependent on market conditions for individual energy products. This thesis is elaborated. (AB)

Energy Information Augmented Community-Based Energy Reduction

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mark Rembert

2012-06-01

Full Text Available More than one-half of all U.S. states have instituted energy efficiency mandates requiring utilities to reduce energy use. To achieve these goals, utilities have been permitted rate structures to help them incentivize energy reduction projects. This strategy is proving to be only modestly successful in stemming energy consumption growth. By the same token, community energy reduction programs have achieved moderate to very significant energy reduction. The research described here offers an important tool to strengthen the community energy reduction efforts—by providing such efforts energy information tailored to the energy use patterns of each building occupant. The information provided most importantly helps each individual energy customer understand their potential for energy savings and what reduction measures are most important to them. This information can be leveraged by the leading community organization to prompt greater action in its community. A number of case studies of this model are shown. Early results are promising.

Energy in Croatia 2004, Annual Energy Report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2005-11-01

Report represents a continuous information source for both national and international public on relations and trends in the Croatian energy system. This edition brings certain changes in the energy topics' outline and broader scope of information compared to the previous editions. However, the representative features of the Croatian energy sector, related to supply and demand of energy at all levels, kept the familiar outlook of presentation.Besides the detailed analysis of energy trends, this edition provides numerous information on capacity, reserves and prices of energy as well as individual energy sources' balances - crude oil and oil derivates, natural gas, electricity, heat, coal and renewable energy sources. In addition, Croatian basic and economic and financial indicators, emission of air pollutants plus basic energy efficiency indicators were presented in order to give better understanding of the Croatian energy sector environment. Finally, there is a special novelty of representing energy balances of the Republic of Croatia made in the compliance with EUROSTAT and IEA methodology for years 2003 and 2004. Total primary energy supply in the Republic of Croatia in 2004 was 4.1 percent higher compared to the previous year. The gross domestic product increased by 3.8 percent over the same period. This means that energy intensity, primary energy supply per unit of gross domestic product, increased by 0.3 percent. Compared to the European Union average Croatian energy intensity was approximately 24 percent higher. Total primary energy production, on the other hand, increased by 11.2 percent due to extremely favourable hydrological conditions. The raise i n hydropower by 48.5 percent improved Croatian primary energy self-supply to 49.6 percent. In the structure of total primary energy supply for 2004, the losses of transmission and distribution of energy were reduced only while the rest of the categories of energy consumption increased. The 3.3 percent increase

Energy consumption: energy consumption in mainland Norway

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Magnussen, Inger Helene; Killingland, Magnus; Spilde, Dag

2012-07-25

The purpose of this report is to describe trends in energy consumption in mainland Norway, with an emphasis on key trends within the largest consumer groups. We also explain common terms and concepts in the field of energy consumption. Finally, we look at forecasts for future energy consumption, produced by bodies outside NVE. Total final energy consumption in mainland Norway in 2009 was 207 TWh. The most important end-user groups are households, service industries, manufacturing industry and transport. In addition, the energy sector in mainland Norway consumed 15 TWh. Energy consumed in the energy sector is not considered as final consumption, as the energy is used to produce new energy products. The long-term trend in energy consumption in mainland Norway is that fuel in the transport sector and electricity for the energy sector increases, while energy consumption in other sectors flattens out. The main reason for an increased use of fuel in the transport sector is the rise in the number of motorised machinery and vehicles in mainland Norway. This has caused a rise in gasoline and diesel consumption of 75 per cent since 1976. The petroleum sector is the largest consumer of energy within the energy sector in mainland Norway, and electricity from onshore to platforms in the North Sea and to new shore side installations has led to a rise in electricity consumption from 1 TWh in 1995 to 5 TWh in 2009. The energy consumption in households showed flat trend from 1996 to 2009, after many years of growth. The main reasons are a warmer climate, higher energy prices, the use of heats pumps and more energy-efficient buildings. In the service industries, the growth in energy consumptions has slightly decreased since the late 1990s, for much the same reasons as for households. In manufacturing industries the energy consumption have flatten out mainly due to the closure of energy-intensive businesses and the establishment of new more energy-efficient businesses. Electricity is

Domestic energy use and householders' energy behaviour

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yohanis, Yigzaw Goshu

2012-01-01

This paper discusses domestic energy use and energy behaviour. It shows some improvement in domestic energy consumption and adoption of good energy practice. The survey conducted indicated that 35% of homes could improve their energy efficiency by improved tank insulation. In the last 5 years condensing boilers have been installed only in 3% of homes, indicating that householders are unaware of their advantages. Although 88% of surveyed homes had purchased a major appliance in the last 2 years, only 16% had any idea of the energy rating of their new appliances. Use of energy saving light bulbs is predominant in kitchens compared to other rooms. 70–80% of householders undertook some kind of day-to-day energy efficiency measures. 20–35% of householders would like to invest in energy-saving measures but found cost to be a key barrier. Approximately 84% of those surveyed were unaware of the energy rating of their household appliances. Price and brand were the most important factors determining the purchase of a new appliance. Significant energy-saving could be achieved by providing appropriate information to the general public regarding temperature control, efficiency of appliances and energy-saving heating systems. - Highlights: ▶ Good practice in household energy use is being adopted but actual use is rising. ▶ Cost is dominant in energy related decisions purchasing of household appliances. ▶ Energy behaviour is improving but level of awareness needs more work.

Energy in Croatia 2003. Annual Energy Report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2004-11-01

Reports have kept domestic and international audience continuously informed about the latest relations and developments in the Croatian energy system. Annual report presents all characteristic indicators of the Croatian energy system in 2003, outlines their development over a longer past period, and suggests a future course of development of basic energy system indicators. Total primary energy supply in the Republic of Croatia in 2003 was 5.2 percent higher compared to the previous year. The gross domestic product increased by 4.3 percent over the same period. This means that energy intensity, primary energy supply per unit of gross domestic product, increased by 0.9 percent. Compared to the european Union average Croatian energy intensity was approximately 32 percent higher. Total primary energy production, on the other hand, decreased by 1.1 percent compared to 2002. This means that primary energy self-supply, which fell to 46.4 percent, reached its lowest level to-date in the observed period. The remaining energy needs were met by imports, which increased by 1.7 percent. In the structure of total primary energy supply, decrease has been observed only in energy conversion losses, while all other categories increased. Final energy demand increased by 6.7 percent in 2003, with the levels recorded in different sectors ranging from 2.5 percent in industry to 7.5 and 8 percent in transport and other sectors, respectively. In terms of final energy demand, an increase has been recorded in all energy forms except natural gas, whose consumption showed stagnation. This is due to lower consumption in the energy transformation sector and a significant 9.2 percent increase in its final energy demand. A continuous increase in electricity consumption - which reached 4.8 percent in the observed period - is worth nothing. Energy forms which recorded highest consumption increase levels in 2003 are coal (16 percent) and diesel fuel (15 percent). In contrast to the fast increase in

The new renewable energy regulation of the European Union of 2009. Is there a reorientation in te question of the promotional programs since the regulation of 2001?; Die neue erneuerbare Energie-Richtlinie der EU von 2009. Zeigt sich seit der Richtlinie von 2001 ein Umdenken bei der Frage der Foerdersysteme?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lauber, Volkmar; Schenner, Elisa [Salzburg Univ. (Austria). Fachbereich Politikwissenschaft und Soziologie

2009-12-15

The authors of the contribution under consideration report on the new renewable energy regulation of the European Union of the year 2009. In particular, it is examined whether there is a reorientation with the question of promotional programs since the regulation of 2001. The first chapter of this contribution is an introduction to the problem and formulates hypotheses. In the second chapter, the analytic framework for the research is described which orientates itself at the interpretive methods of the politics field analysis. The third chapter fills the theoretical framework with experience and lights up the structural preconditions of the political controversies as well as the two politics processes (1996-2001 and 2007-2009).

Studies on energy system for an energy-saving society; Sho energy gata shakai ni okeru energy system kento

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-03-01

The system to which new energy technology and energy saving technology were introduced was constructed for case studies of urban areas including core cities and the peripheral areas, and the quantitative analysis was conducted on environmental effects, etc. In the energy supply system model, the following element technologies were all considered: cogeneration system, sewage water heat, river water heat, the photovoltaic power generation, energy storage/heat storage/cold heat storage, adsorption type refrigerator, etc. Also considered were power interchange between clusters, system power buying/power selling, heat interchange or no heat interchange, etc. As a result, it was found that when constructing the energy system which synthetically takes into account thermoelectric ratios, rates of simultaneous loads, ratios of daytime/nighttime in the energy supply and demand in the urban area, the energy saving effect multiplicatively increases, and the energy system using cogeneration and unused energy such as refuse and sewage in the urban area and river water brings an energy saving effect of 32% especially in the concentrated cluster. 83 figs., 45 tabs.

Who puts the most energy into energy conservation? A segmentation of energy consumers based on energy-related behavioral characteristics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sütterlin, Bernadette; Brunner, Thomas A.; Siegrist, Michael

2011-01-01

The present paper aims to identify and describe different types of energy consumers in a more comprehensive way than previous segmentation studies using cluster analysis. Energy consumers were segmented based on their energy-related behavioral characteristics. In addition to purchase- and curtailment-related energy-saving behavior, consumer classification was also based on acceptance of policy measures and energy-related psychosocial factors, so the used behavioral segmentation base was more comprehensive compared to other studies. Furthermore, differentiation between the energy-saving purchase of daily products, such as food, and of energy efficient appliances allowed a more differentiated characterization of the energy consumer segments. The cluster analysis revealed six energy consumer segments: the idealistic, the selfless inconsequent, the thrifty, the materialistic, the convenience-oriented indifferent, and the problem-aware well-being-oriented energy consumer. Findings emphasize that using a broader and more distinct behavioral base is crucial for an adequate and differentiated description of energy consumer types. The paper concludes by highlighting the most promising energy consumer segments and discussing possible segment-specific marketing and policy strategies. - Highlights: ► By applying a cluster-analytic approach, new energy consumer segments are identified. ► A comprehensive, differentiated description of the different energy consumer types is provided. ► A distinction between purchase of daily products and energy efficient appliances is essential. ► Behavioral variables are a more suitable base for segmentation than general characteristics.

Second Strategic Energy Review. Securing our Energy Future

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2008-11-01

Europe has agreed a forward-looking political agenda to achieve its core energy objectives of sustainability, competitiveness and security of supply. This agenda means substantial change in Europe's energy system over the next years, with public authorities, energy regulators, infrastructure operators, the energy industry and citizens all actively involved. It means choices and investments during a time of much change in global energy markets and international relations. The European Commission has therefore proposed a wide-ranging energy package which gives a new boost to energy security in Europe, i.e. putting forward a new strategy to build up energy solidarity among Member States and a new policy on energy networks to stimulate investment in more efficient, low-carbon energy networks; proposing a Energy Security and Solidarity Action Plan to secure sustainable energy supplies in the EU and looking at the challenges that Europe will face between 2020 and 2050; adopting a package of energy efficiency proposals aims to make energy savings in key areas, such as reinforcing energy efficiency legislation on buildings and energy-using products. All relevant and related documents with regard to the Second Strategic Energy Review can be found through this site

An Energy Integrated Dispatching Strategy of Multi- energy Based on Energy Internet

Science.gov (United States)

Jin, Weixia; Han, Jun

2018-01-01

Energy internet is a new way of energy use. Energy internet achieves energy efficiency and low cost by scheduling a variety of different forms of energy. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is an advanced algorithm with few parameters, high computational precision and fast convergence speed. By improving the parameters ω, c1 and c2, PSO can improve the convergence speed and calculation accuracy. The objective of optimizing model is lowest cost of fuel, which can meet the load of electricity, heat and cold after all the renewable energy is received. Due to the different energy structure and price in different regions, the optimization strategy needs to be determined according to the algorithm and model.

Energies-climate review (Panorama energies-climate) - issue 2013

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Goubet, Cecile; Beriot, Nicolas; Daurian, Aurelien; Vieillefosse, Alice; Ducastelle, Julien; Le Guen, Solenn; Strang, Axel; Courtois, Sophie; Brender, Pierre; Guibert, Olivier de; Croquette, Gilles; Simiu, Diane; Venturini, Isabelle; Hesske, Philip; Oriol, Louise; Louati, Sami; Cadin, Didier; Korman, Bernard; Defays, Julien; Balian, Armelle; Guichaoua, Sabine; Isoard, Vivien; Lamy, Jean-michel; Pelce, Frederic; Fondeville, Louis; Baumont, Thierry; Triquet, Olivier; Mouloudi, Fadwa; Quintaine, Thierry; Reizine, Stanislas; Pertuiset, Thomas; Caron, Antoine; Blanchard, Sidonie; Timsit, Isabelle; Lewis, Florian; Ducouret, Melanie; Leclercq, Martine; Derville, Isabelle; Grenon, Georgina; Thomas, Julien; Oeser, Christian; Thouin, Catherine; Dumiot, Jacques-Emmanuel; Rondeau, Claudine; Menager, Yann; Barber, Nicolas; Weill, Jonathan; Furois, Timothee; Thomines, Marie; Brunet-Lecomte, Helene; Boutot, Romary; Strang, Axel; Giraud, Jean; Thomas, Julien; Oeser, Christian; Perrette, Lionel; Breda, Willy; Panetier, Vincent; Miraval, Bruno; Delaugerre, Frederique; Leinekugel Le Cocq, Thibaut; Lemaire, Yves; Thabet, Soraya

2013-01-01

This issue first analyses what is at stake with energy transition: struggle against climate change, management of energy demand and promotion of energy efficiency, struggle against energy poverty, development of technologies for tomorrow's energy system. It discusses France's position within its European and international environment: European energy-climate objectives, world context of oil and gas markets, European electricity markets, imports and exports, energy bill. It presents and analyses the situation of the oil and gas sector in France: hydrocarbon exploration and production in France, refining activities, substitution fuels, oil infrastructures, oil product retailing, and gas infrastructures. It then presents the French electric system (electricity production, electricity transport and distribution grids and networks, electric system safety) and the industrial sectors involved in de-carbonated energy production: biomass, wind energy, sea energy, geothermal energy, hydroelectricity, nuclear energy, photovoltaic and thermodynamic solar energy. It addresses the industrial sectors involved in a better use of energy: dynamic control of smart energy systems (smart grids, hydrogen, energy storage), CO 2 capture and storage, de-carbonated vehicle and its ecosystem. The last part addresses oil product prices, gas prices, electricity prices, the energy tax system, and the arrangements and costs of the support to renewable energy production

Energy contracting. Energy-related services and decentral energy supply. 2. ed.; Energie-Contracting. Energiedienstleistungen und dezentrale Energieversorgung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hack, Martin

2012-11-01

According to the author, the intended German energy turnaround cannot be achieved solely on the basis of power from renewables and by constructing new passive buildings. Also required are decentral energy services if the energy saving and efficiency goals are to be achieved. In spite of many variations, the basic structure of these is the following: A contractor providing energy services does not only supply energy but also carries the risk and responsibility for efficient supply. This will relieve energy users, whether industrial or trade enterprises, public administration or home owners from this task; also, this integrated approach will open up undeveloped efficiency potentials. The book discusses current legal issues in a clear and practice-oriented manner and also provides a check list for energy contracting and an exemplary contract. (orig./RHM)

Energy Storage and Smart Energy Systems

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lund, Henrik; Østergaard, Poul Alberg; Connolly, David

2016-01-01

It is often highlighted how the transition to renewable energy supply calls for significant electricity storage. However, one has to move beyond the electricity-only focus and take a holistic energy system view to identify optimal solutions for integrating renewable energy. In this paper......, an integrated cross-sector approach is used to determine the most efficient and least-cost storage options for the entire renewable energy system concluding that the best storage solutions cannot be found through analyses focusing on the individual sub-sectors. Electricity storage is not the optimum solution...... to integrate large inflows of fluctuating renewable energy, since more efficient and cheaper options can be found by integrating the electricity sector with other parts of the energy system and by this creating a Smart Energy System. Nevertheless, this does not imply that electricity storage should...

Energy in Croatia, Annual Energy Report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1998-12-01

The Ministry of Economic Affairs continues its task of observing and informing about the Croatian energy system. The review consists of the most recent and classified data on 1997 and the previous four years. Compared to previous year, in 1997 the total primary energy supply decreased by 1,3 percent. At the same time the gross domestic product increased by 6,5 percent, thus the energy intensity dropped, which is a positive trend. The energy intensity, the value showing the total energy consumed per unit of gross domestic product, exceeds the level realised by the Western European countries, but it is at the same time more favourable related to the transition economy countries. On the other hand, 1997 saw a decrease in the primary energy production by 8,9 percent, resulting from the decline in the production of natural gas, oil and coal, and naturally, unfavourable hydrological conditions. Thus, own supply dropped to 57 percent, the lowest recorded in the past five years. In 1997 the losses and operational consumption of energy decreased more than the non-energy consumption increased, but despite the decrease of the total primary energy supply there occurred an increase of final energy demand by total of 4,4 percent, 2,1 of which in general consumption, 5,5 in transport and 7,8 percent in industry. Apart from these data, the review considers all other relevant indicators showing a positive shift but leaving space for further improvements with the aim of achieving higher energy system efficiency

Increase of the efficiency of heat pumps by partial defrosting of evaporator during the heating operation; Effizienzsteigerung von Waermepumpen durch partielle Verdampferabtauung waehrend des Heizbetriebs

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mader, Gunda; Thybo, Claus [Danfoss A/S, Nordborg (Denmark)

2011-07-01

At low ambient temperatures, the evaporation temperature in air-to-water heat pumps may fall below the freezing point of water; the water content of the air will then form a frost layer on the outside of the heat exchanger. This increases the pressure drop on the air side and reduces the heat transfer capacity, i.e. the energy efficiency of the system. Finally, if operation in these conditions continues, the evaporator may freeze in parts or even wholly. In order to prevent failure and damage, regular defrosting will be necessary. One common method is the reversal of the coolant flow by leading hot gas into the evaporator from the condenser. Apart from the loss of efficiency, this will incur material problems and, in some cases, loss of comfort. Partial thawing attempts to reduce or avoid flow reversal by deactivating evaporator lines one at a time in order to enable thawing by air flow, while the other parts of the evaporator will continue operation. This is made possible by a special type of valve that combines expansion and distribution for selective operation of individual evaporator tubes. Using a mathematical model, details of the method are presented and discussed. Experiments on air-to-air heat pumps show that the whole system can be defrosted this way in standard operating conditions with air temperatures above freezing point, so that flow reversal will not be necessary. [German] Bei niedrigen Aussentemperaturen kann die Verdampfungstemperatur in Luft-Waermepumpen unter den Gefrierpunkt von Wasser fallen, der Wassergehalt der Luft bildet dann auf der Aussenseite des Waermeuebertragers eine Frostschicht. Dies fuehrt zu einem erhoehten luftseitigen Druckabfall und reduzierter Waermeuebertragungsleistung des Verdampfers und mindert folglich die Energieeffizienz des Systems. Bei andauerndem Betrieb schliesslich kann der Verdampfer gaenzlich oder in grossen Bereichen zufrieren. Um einen Ausfall oder gar eine Beschaedigung der Anlage zu verhindern, muss daher

Wind energy renewable energy and the environment

CERN Document Server

Nelson, Vaughn; Nelson, Vaughn

2009-01-01

Due to the mounting demand for energy and increasing population of the world, switching from nonrenewable fossil fuels to other energy sources is not an option-it is a necessity. Focusing on a cost-effective option for the generation of electricity, Wind Energy: Renewable Energy and the Environment covers all facets of wind energy and wind turbines. The book begins by outlining the history of wind energy, before providing reasons to shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy. After examining the characteristics of wind, such as shear, power potential, and turbulence, it discusses the measur

Energy. Economics - politics - technology. Energie. Wirtschaft - Politik - Technik

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kruppa, A; Mielenhausen, E; Kallweit, J H; Schlueter, H; Schenkel, J; Vohwinkel, F; Streckel, S; Brockmann, H W

1978-01-01

The themes of the various aspects of the energy sector collected in this volume and discussed by different authors are: Energy policy, energy demand-research and forecasts, energy supplies, new technologies for future energy supply, generation of electrical energy by nuclear power stations, effect on the environment of energy plants, legal problems of site planning, and the authorisation of energy plants.

Energy models for commercial energy prediction and substitution of renewable energy sources

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Iniyan, S.; Suganthi, L.; Samuel, Anand A.

2006-01-01

In this paper, three models have been projected namely Modified Econometric Mathematical (MEM) model, Mathematical Programming Energy-Economy-Environment (MPEEE) model, and Optimal Renewable Energy Mathematical (OREM) model. The actual demand for coal, oil and electricity is predicted using the MEM model based on economic, technological and environmental factors. The results were used in the MPEEE model, which determines the optimum allocation of commercial energy sources based on environmental limitations. The gap between the actual energy demand from the MEM model and optimal energy use from the MPEEE model, has to be met by the renewable energy sources. The study develops an OREM model that would facilitate effective utilization of renewable energy sources in India, based on cost, efficiency, social acceptance, reliability, potential and demand. The economic variations in solar energy systems and inclusion of environmental constraint are also analyzed with OREM model. The OREM model will help policy makers in the formulation and implementation of strategies concerning renewable energy sources in India for the next two decades

Dutch Energy Investment Allowance (EIA). Energy and Companies. Energy List for 2008; Energie-Investeringsaftrek. Energie en Bedrijven. Energielijst 2008

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2008-01-15

This tax relief programme gives a direct financial advantage to dutch companies that invest in energy-saving equipment and sustainable energy. 44 percent of the annual investment costs of such equipment (purchase costs and production costs) are deductible from the fiscal profit over the calendar year in which the equipment was procured, subject to a maximum of EUR 111 million. The Energy List determines which types of equipment qualify for this programme. The programme includes the costs of obtaining energy advice, provided that the advice results in an investment in energy-saving equipment. Within three months of entering into obligations one must report the investment to the Investment Schemes and Arbitrary Depreciation Office in Breda, Netherlands. [Dutch] De Energie-investeringsaftrek (EIA) biedt ondernemers een belastingvoordeel voor investeringen in energiebesparende bedrijfsmiddelen en duurzame energie. Naast de gebruikelijke afschrijving is 44% van de investeringskosten van deze bedrijfsmiddelen aftrekbaar van de fiscale winst. In deel 1 van deze brochure vindt men de wijzigingen ten opzichte van het jaar 2007. In deel 2 wordt de werking van de EIA uitgelegd en in deel 3 hoe van deze regeling gebruik kan worden gemaakt. In deel 4 staat de toelichting op de energielijst en in deel 5 is een overzicht opgenomen met omschrijvingen en voorbeelden van energie-investeringen, de zogenoemde Energielijst. In deel 6 is aangegeven hoe men een voorstel kan doen om de Energielijst van 2008 aan te vullen of te wijzigen voor 2009. Het meldingsformulier om EIA aan te vragen en het machtigingsformulier zijn opgenomen bij deel 7.

Contemporary energy storage sources. Energy saving

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Manev, Veselin

2011-01-01

The development of renewable energy system for electricity production is impede because of needs to be stabilized with nearly equivalent installed power of energy storage devices. The development of more electrical energy storage facilities will be extremely important for electricity generation in the future. Using hydro pumping, combined with a long life and fast charge/discharge rate, highly efficient contemporary power energy storage as Altairnano lithium ion battery, currently is seems to be the best solution for fast penetration rate of wind and solar energy systems

Waste energy harvesting mechanical and thermal energies

CERN Document Server

Ling Bing, Kong; Hng, Huey Hoon; Boey, Freddy; Zhang, Tianshu

2014-01-01

Waste Energy Harvesting overviews the latest progress in waste energy harvesting technologies, with specific focusing on waste thermal mechanical energies. Thermal energy harvesting technologies include thermoelectric effect, storage through phase change materials and pyroelectric effect. Waste mechanical energy harvesting technologies include piezoelectric (ferroelectric) effect with ferroelectric materials and nanogenerators. The book aims to strengthen the syllabus in energy, materials and physics and is well suitable for students and professionals in the fields.

The perspectives of fusion energy: The roadmap towards energy production and fusion energy in a distributed energy system

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Naulin, Volker; Juul Rasmussen, Jens; Korsholm, Søren Bang

2014-01-01

at very high temperature where all matter is in the plasma state as the involved energies are orders of magnitude higher than typical chemical binding energies. It is one of the great science and engineering challenges to construct a viable power plant based on fusion energy. Fusion research is a world...... The presentation will discuss the present status of the fusion energy research and review the EU Roadmap towards a fusion power plant. Further the cost of fusion energy is assessed as well as how it can be integrated in the distributed energy system......Controlled thermonuclear fusion has the potential of providing an environmentally friendly and inexhaustible energy source for mankind. Fusion energy, which powers our sun and the stars, is released when light elements, such as the hydrogen isotopes deuterium and tritium, fuse together. This occurs...

Energy planning and energy efficiency assistance

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Markel, L. [Electrotek Concepts, Inc., Knoxville, TN (United States)

1995-12-31

Electrotek is an engineering services company specializing in energy-related programs. Clients are most utilities, large energy users, and the U.S. Electric Power Research Institute. Electrotek has directed energy projects for the U.S. Agency for International Development and the U.S. Department of Energy in Poland and other countries of Central Europe. The objective is to assist the host country organizations to identify and implement appropriate energy efficiency and pollution reduction technologies, to transfer technical and organizational knowledge, so that further implementations are market-driven, without needed continuing foreign investment. Electrotek has worked with the Silesian Power Distribution Company to design an energy efficiency program for industrial customers that has proven to be profitable for the company and for its customers. The program has both saved energy and costs, and reduced pollution. The program is expanding to include additional customers, without needing more funding from the U.S. government.

Energy for Germany 2010. US energy policy; Energie fuer Deutschland 2010. Energiepolitik der USA

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2010-06-15

This is a publication of the Weltenergierat-Deutschland e.V. (World Energy Council), Berlin, dealing with US energy policy. In particular, it presents the energy-political boundary conditions and challenges, the energy policy of the USA and an outlook to the future: While Obama's energy policy is giving room for transatlantic cooperations, obstacles will remain. There is a chapter on energy and the world, which goes into the following issues: World Energy Outlook 2009 of the International Energy Agency (IEA); Copenhagen from thew view of the World Energy Council; Desertec; CCS implementation worldwide; ''Yasun: ITT'' - Ecuador. The chapter on energy in Europe discusses the following subjects: Priorities of the energy policy of the new EU Commission; EEX and coupling points; the third EU energy package for the internal market; Green power certificates (EWI study); Nuclear power: New power plant construction projects and operating times of existing powerplants in Europe; EU directive on gas supply reliability; Regional cooperations for assuring reliability of supply. The final chapter informs on energy in Germany: Long-term geological storage of CO2 in Germany; Electromobility; Vulnerability and reliability of supply as indicators of assured energy supply. (orig./RHM)

Energy for Germany 2010. US energy policy; Energie fuer Deutschland 2010. Energiepolitik der USA

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2010-06-15

This is a publication of the Weltenergierat-Deutschland e.V. (World Energy Council), Berlin, dealing with US energy policy. In particular, it presents the energy-political boundary conditions and challenges, the energy policy of the USA and an outlook to the future: While Obama's energy policy is giving room for transatlantic cooperations, obstacles will remain. There is a chapter on energy and the world, which goes into the following issues: World Energy Outlook 2009 of the International Energy Agency (IEA); Copenhagen from thew view of the World Energy Council; Desertec; CCS implementation worldwide; ''Yasun: ITT'' - Ecuador. The chapter on energy in Europe discusses the following subjects: Priorities of the energy policy of the new EU Commission; EEX and coupling points; the third EU energy package for the internal market; Green power certificates (EWI study); Nuclear power: New power plant construction projects and operating times of existing powerplants in Europe; EU directive on gas supply reliability; Regional cooperations for assuring reliability of supply. The final chapter informs on energy in Germany: Long-term geological storage of CO2 in Germany; Electromobility; Vulnerability and reliability of supply as indicators of assured energy supply. (orig./RHM)

Energy revolution: From a fossil energy era to a new energy era

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Caineng Zou

2016-01-01

Full Text Available This paper aims to predict the future situation of global energy development. In view of this, we reviewed the history of energy use and understood that new energy sources will usher in a new era following oil & gas, coal and wood one after another in the past time. Although the fossil energy sources are still plenty in the world, great breakthroughs made in some key technologies and the increasing demand for ecological environmental protection both impel the third time of transformation from oil & gas to new energy sources. Sooner or later, oil, gas, coal and new energy sources will each account for a quarter of global energy consumption in the new era, specifically speaking, accounting for 32.6%, 23.7%, 30.0% and 13.7% respectively. As one of the largest coal consumer, China will inevitably face up to the situation of tripartite confrontation of the coal, oil & gas and new energy. The following forecasting results were achieved. First, the oil will be in a stable period and its annual production peak will be around 2040, reaching up to 45 × 108 t. Second, the natural gas will enter the heyday period and its annual production peak will be around 2060, reaching up to 4.5 × 1012 m3, which will play a pivotal role in the future energy sustainable development. Third, the coal has entered a high-to-low-carbon transition period, and its direct use and the discharged pollutants will be significantly reduced. In 2050, the coal will be dropped to 25% of the primary energy mix. Last, the development and utilization of new energy sources has been getting into the golden age and its proportion in the primary energy mix will be substantially enhanced. On this basis, we presented some proposals for the future energy development in China. At first, we should understand well that China's energy production and consumption has its own characteristics. Under the present situation, we should strengthen the clean and efficient use of coal resources, which

Dissolve energy obesity by energy diet

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kim, Jung Heum [Sunmoon University, Asan (Korea)

2000-07-01

Every organism takes needed materials or energy from outside and excretes unessential things to outside. This is called a metabolism or energy metabolism. Calculating the amount of energy consumed by human in the world by converting to the amount of metabolism of an animal to survive, the weight of a human being is corresponding to an animal with a weigh of 40 ton. Human beings can find a solution to dissolve energy obesity or can maintain a massive status by finding a new energy source in the universe.

Energy in Croatia 2005, Annual Energy Report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2006-12-01

Report presents the latest information on relations and trends in the Croatian energy sector. The reports gives a familiar overview of comprehensive data about and representative features of the Croatian energy sector, related to the supply and demand of energy at all levels. It produces a detailed analysis of energy trends and provides extensive data on capacity, reserves and prices as well as balances of individual energy sources - crude oil, petroleum products, natural gas, electricity, heat, coal and renewable source of energy. Basic economic and financial indicators, emissions of air pollutants and basic energy efficiency indicators for Croatia are also presented. In 2005, total primary energy supply in Croatia decreased slightly by 0.1 per cent with respect to the previous year. At the same time, GDP rose by 4.3 per cent, resulting in a drop in energy intensity of the total primary energy supply of 4.2 per cent. The energy intensity in Croatia was 20.1 per cent higher than the average energy intensity in the European Union, but a positive decreasing trend was noted during the past period. In 2005 the total primary energy production in Croatia fell by 3.5 per cent with respect to the previous year. The highest decrease was recorded in harnessing hydro power, and the production of crude oil and fuel wood also declined. Only the production of natural gas showed a growth of 3.5 per cent. Due to the decrease in the primary energy production, energy self-supply was also reduced to 47.9 per cent. A less value was achieved only in the year 2003. A continuing trend towards a gradual decline in energy self-supply was present throughout the past several years. Final energy demand increased by 3 per cent while demands in other sectors decreased. Energy transformation losses were reduced by 7 per cent, non-energy use declined by 5.6 per cent and energy transmission and distribution losses by 5.5 per cent, and there was a slight drop of 0.2 per cent in demand in energy

Mobile Energy Laboratory energy-efficiency testing programs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Parker, G.B.; Currie, J.W.

1992-03-01

This report summarizes energy-efficiency testing activities applying the Mobile Energy Laboratory (MEL) testing capabilities during the third and fourth quarters of fiscal year (FY) 1991. The MELs, developed by the US Department of Energy (DOE) Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP), are administered by Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) and the Naval Energy and Environmental Support Activity (NEESA) for energy testing and energy conservation program support functions at federal facilities. The using agencies principally fund MEL applications, while DOE/FEMP funds program administration and capability enhancement activities. This report fulfills the requirements established in Section 8 of the MEL Use Plan (PNL-6861) for semi-annual reporting on energy-efficiency testing activities using the MEL capabilities. The MEL Use Committee, formally established in 1989, developed the MEL Use Plan and meets semi-annually to establish priorities for energy-efficient testing applications using the MEL capabilities. The MEL Use Committee is composed of one representative each of the US Department of Energy, US Army, US Air Force, US Navy, and other federal agencies

Mobile Energy Laboratory energy-efficiency testing programs

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Parker, G B; Currie, J W

1992-03-01

This report summarizes energy-efficiency testing activities applying the Mobile Energy Laboratory (MEL) testing capabilities during the third and fourth quarters of fiscal year (FY) 1991. The MELs, developed by the US Department of Energy (DOE) Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP), are administered by Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) and the Naval Energy and Environmental Support Activity (NEESA) for energy testing and energy conservation program support functions at federal facilities. The using agencies principally fund MEL applications, while DOE/FEMP funds program administration and capability enhancement activities. This report fulfills the requirements established in Section 8 of the MEL Use Plan (PNL-6861) for semi-annual reporting on energy-efficiency testing activities using the MEL capabilities. The MEL Use Committee, formally established in 1989, developed the MEL Use Plan and meets semi-annually to establish priorities for energy-efficient testing applications using the MEL capabilities. The MEL Use Committee is composed of one representative each of the US Department of Energy, US Army, US Air Force, US Navy, and other federal agencies.

Energy Storage and Smart Energy Systems

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Poul Alberg Østergaard

2016-12-01

Full Text Available It is often highlighted how the transition to renewable energy supply calls for significant electricity storage. However, one has to move beyond the electricity-only focus and take a holistic energy system view to identify optimal solutions for integrating renewable energy. In this paper, an integrated cross-sector approach is used to determine the most efficient and least-cost storage options for the entire renewable energy system concluding that the best storage solutions cannot be found through analyses focusing on the individual sub-sectors. Electricity storage is not the optimum solution to integrate large inflows of fluctuating renewable energy, since more efficient and cheaper options can be found by integrating the electricity sector with other parts of the energy system and by this creating a Smart Energy System. Nevertheless, this does not imply that electricity storage should be disregarded but that it will be needed for other purposes in the future.

Energy intensity ratios as net energy measures of United States energy production and expenditures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

King, C W

2010-01-01

In this letter I compare two measures of energy quality, energy return on energy invested (EROI) and energy intensity ratio (EIR) for the fossil fuel consumption and production of the United States. All other characteristics being equal, a fuel or energy system with a higher EROI or EIR is of better quality because more energy is provided to society. I define and calculate the EIR for oil, natural gas, coal, and electricity as measures of the energy intensity (units of energy divided by money) of the energy resource relative to the energy intensity of the overall economy. EIR measures based upon various unit prices for energy (e.g. $/Btu of a barrel of oil) as well as total expenditures on energy supplies (e.g. total dollars spent on petroleum) indicate net energy at different points in the supply chain of the overall energy system. The results indicate that EIR is an easily calculated and effective proxy for EROI for US oil, gas, coal, and electricity. The EIR correlates well with previous EROI calculations, but adds additional information on energy resource quality within the supply chain. Furthermore, the EIR and EROI of oil and gas as well as coal were all in decline for two time periods within the last 40 years, and both time periods preceded economic recessions.

Living laboratory for Nikola Tesla. Living laboratories, Tesla, Second Life, sustainable construction technologies and renewable energy sources; Wohnlabor fuer Nikola Tesla. Ueber Wohnlabors, Tesla, Second Life, nachhaltige Bautechnologien und erneuerbare Energie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Redi, Ivan; Redi, Andrea; Jovanovic, Branimir (and others)

2008-07-01

Adventure is the opposite of conventional teaching. Adventure is the moment when experience alone is not enough. Sometimes, courageous people challenge the nature of things, helping us to get new insights and achieve a new viewpoint. The experience-oriented ''work in progress'' university is an adventure of this kind. The book looks into the Tesla laboratory and the Wardenclyffe Tower, both of which could not be completed for financial reasons, and addresses them from today's state of technology. The conceptional section is based on the ''Tesla doctrine'' which comprises fundamental philosophical statements on civilisatory progress. The book presents the results of the investigation. The 16 architectural projects presented here were developed live on the online platform. Second Life, ORTLOS Sim. (orig.)

Energy situation - Forth quarter 2016. Energy situation October 2016; Energy situation November 2016; Energy situation December 2016

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Guggemos, Fabien; Misak, Evelyne; Mombel, David; Moreau, Sylvain

2017-02-01

This publication presents, first, a quarterly report of the French energy situation: primary energy consumption, energy independence and CO_2 emissions, national production, imports, exports, energy costs, average and spot prices. Data are presented separately for solid mineral fuels, petroleum products, natural gas and electricity. Month-to-month details are summarized in a second part, in the form of tables and graphs

Energy situation - First quarter 2017. Energy situation January 2017; Energy situation February 2017; Energy situation March 2017

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Guggemos, Fabien; Misak, Evelyne; Mombel, David; Moreau, Sylvain

2017-05-01

This publication presents, first, a quarterly report of the French energy situation: primary energy consumption, energy independence and CO_2 emissions, national production, imports, exports, energy costs, average and spot prices. Data are presented separately for solid mineral fuels, petroleum products, natural gas and electricity. Month-to-month details are summarized in a second part, in the form of tables and graphs

Energy

CERN Document Server

Foland, Andrew Dean

2007-01-01

Energy is the central concept of physics. Unable to be created or destroyed but transformable from one form to another, energy ultimately determines what is and isn''t possible in our universe. This book gives readers an appreciation for the limits of energy and the quantities of energy in the world around them. This fascinating book explores the major forms of energy: kinetic, potential, electrical, chemical, thermal, and nuclear.

Energy in Croatia, Annual Energy Report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2001-12-01

The review consists of the most recent and settled data for the year 2000 as well as data for the five-years period. In 2000 total energy consumption decreased by 2.8 percent compared to the previous year. As at the same time the gross domestic product increased by 3.7 percent, energy intensity grew, thus presenting a positive change of trend . The energy intensity, the measurement showing the total energy consumption per unit of gross domestic product, exceeded the level realised by the Western European countries, but was still more favourable than in most transition countries. At the same time 2000 saw an decrease of primary energy generation by 1.7 percent but, as a consequence of extremely favourable hydrological conditions, with a decreased production of natural gas and oil. The supply from own sources remained 51 percent but the trend is expected to be negative in the following few years bearing in mind the condition of the gas and oil reserves, i.e. cessation of coal production in Istria. Only partly will the process be slowed down by the production of natural gas from the Northern Adriatic. Natural gas production grew by 6.8 percent compared to the previous year, causing the share of natural gas in energy production to exceed 32 percent. In 2000 the transformation losses fell by 11 percent, transportation and distribution losses fell by 6.7 percent and non-energy consumption by 2.4 percent, while energy sector own use rose by 1.4 percent.. The result of this was that, despite the increase of total energy production by 2.8 percent, final energy demand fell by only 0.2 percent, i.e. 1.5 percent in other sectors and transport, and 2.9 percent increase in industry. Apart from these data, the publication includes all other relevant indicators about our energy system, i.e. system capacities, energy source prices, environmental influence, etc

Alternative Energy Development and China's Energy Future

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zheng, Nina; Fridley, David

2011-06-15

In addition to promoting energy efficiency, China has actively pursued alternative energy development as a strategy to reduce its energy demand and carbon emissions. One area of particular focus has been to raise the share of alternative energy in China’s rapidly growing electricity generation with a 2020 target of 15% share of total primary energy. Over the last ten years, China has established several major renewable energy regulations along with programs and subsidies to encourage the growth of non-fossil alternative energy including solar, wind, nuclear, hydro, geothermal and biomass power as well as biofuels and coal alternatives. This study thus seeks to examine China’s alternative energy in terms of what has and will continue to drive alternative energy development in China as well as analyze in depth the growth potential and challenges facing each specific technology. This study found that despite recent policies enabling extraordinary capacity and investment growth, alternative energy technologies face constraints and barriers to growth. For relatively new technologies that have not achieved commercialization such as concentrated solar thermal, geothermal and biomass power, China faces technological limitations to expanding the scale of installed capacity. While some alternative technologies such as hydropower and coal alternatives have been slowed by uneven and often changing market and policy support, others such as wind and solar PV have encountered physical and institutional barriers to grid integration. Lastly, all alternative energy technologies face constraints in human resources and raw material resources including land and water, with some facing supply limitations in critical elements such as uranium for nuclear, neodymium for wind and rare earth metals for advanced solar PV. In light of China’s potential for and barriers to growth, the resource and energy requirement for alternative energy technologies were modeled and scenario analysis

The energy yield of nuclear energy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Smith, Ph.B.

1983-01-01

In this paper, a comparison is made between the energy produced in a nuclear cycle in a light-water reactor without recycling of plutonium or uranium on the one hand and the energy stored into the system to realize this energy production on the other. Only empirical data are used, which means that some energy costs are omitted because no empirical data were available (e.g. energy needed to waste processing and waste disposal). The following steps are taken into account: production and processing of ores, conversion and enrichment of fuels, construction and shutdown of the reactor itself. (Auth.)

Energy transition, a new French energy model. Future energies, green growth, sustainable jobs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Royal, Segolene

2014-01-01

This publication introduces the new French energy policy for energy transition. It presents and comments the main orientations defined for this policy and which are at the base of the French law on energy transition for a green growth. Thus, it addresses the following topics: to define common objectives for a successful energy transition, to strengthen France's energy independence and to struggle against climate change; to better insulate buildings to save energy, to reduce energy bills and to create jobs; to develop clean transports to improve air quality and to protect the health of French people; to promote renewable energies to diversify energies and to valorise resources of French territories; to struggle against wastage and to promote circular economy from product design to product recycling; to simplify and clarify procedures aimed at improving efficiency and competitiveness; to strengthen nuclear safety and citizen information; and to provide citizen, enterprises, territories and the State with the power to act together

Energy Statistics Manual; Manual Statistik Energi

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2005-07-01

Detailed, complete, timely and reliable statistics are essential to monitor the energy situation at a country level as well as at an international level. Energy statistics on supply, trade, stocks, transformation and demand are indeed the basis for any sound energy policy decision. For instance, the market of oil -- which is the largest traded commodity worldwide -- needs to be closely monitored in order for all market players to know at any time what is produced, traded, stocked and consumed and by whom. In view of the role and importance of energy in world development, one would expect that basic energy information to be readily available and reliable. This is not always the case and one can even observe a decline in the quality, coverage and timeliness of energy statistics over the last few years.

Energy Sharing and Energy Feedback: Affective and Behavioral Reactions to Communal Energy Displays

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Leygue, Caroline, E-mail: caroline.leygue@nottingham.ac.uk [Horizon Digital Economy Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (United Kingdom); Ferguson, Eamonn [School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (United Kingdom); Skatova, Anya [Horizon Digital Economy Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (United Kingdom); Spence, Alexa [Horizon Digital Economy Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (United Kingdom); School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (United Kingdom)

2014-07-25

Smart meters and energy displays are being rolled out in many countries to help individuals monitor and reduce their energy usage. However, to date, there is little in depth understanding of how they may change behavior. While there is currently a great deal of technical research into developing smart metering, little research has been conducted on how this affects the energy user. This research addresses this gap and explores the user perspective of energy displays when energy is considered as a shared resource. We report an online experiment conducted across the UK examining affective and behavioral responses to energy sharing situations incorporating different types of energy displays. Reactions differed depending on the type of display. In a situation where one person used more than their fair share of energy, displays showing the average amount of usage in the house were associated with feelings of guilt and fear and a decrease in intention to use energy. Displays that identified the person who overused the resource were associated with anger, and direct sanction intentions on those who were overusing energy. Findings are discussed in terms of the smart meter rollout and the potential utility of detailed energy monitoring technologies for behavior change.

Energy sharing and energy feedback: Affective and behavioral reactions to communal energy displays.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Caroline eLeygue

2014-07-01

Full Text Available Smart meters and energy displays are being rolled out in many countries to help individuals monitor and reduce their energy usage. However, to date there is little in depth understanding of how they may change behavior. While there is currently a great deal of technical research into developing smart metering, little research has been conducted on how this affects the energy user. This research addresses this gap and explores the user perspective of energy displays when energy is considered as a shared resource. We report an online experiment conducted across the UK examining affective and behavioral responses to energy sharing situations incorporating different types of energy displays. Reactions differed depending on the type of display. In a situation where one person used more than their fair share of energy, displays showing the average amount of usage in the house were associated with feelings of guilt and fear and a decrease in intention to use energy. Displays that identified the person who overused the resource were associated with anger, and direct sanction intentions on those who were overusing energy. Findings are discussed in terms of the smart meter rollout and the potential utility of detailed energy monitoring technologies for behavior change.

Energy Sharing and Energy Feedback: Affective and Behavioral Reactions to Communal Energy Displays

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Leygue, Caroline; Ferguson, Eamonn; Skatova, Anya; Spence, Alexa

2014-01-01

Smart meters and energy displays are being rolled out in many countries to help individuals monitor and reduce their energy usage. However, to date, there is little in depth understanding of how they may change behavior. While there is currently a great deal of technical research into developing smart metering, little research has been conducted on how this affects the energy user. This research addresses this gap and explores the user perspective of energy displays when energy is considered as a shared resource. We report an online experiment conducted across the UK examining affective and behavioral responses to energy sharing situations incorporating different types of energy displays. Reactions differed depending on the type of display. In a situation where one person used more than their fair share of energy, displays showing the average amount of usage in the house were associated with feelings of guilt and fear and a decrease in intention to use energy. Displays that identified the person who overused the resource were associated with anger, and direct sanction intentions on those who were overusing energy. Findings are discussed in terms of the smart meter rollout and the potential utility of detailed energy monitoring technologies for behavior change.

Energy fluxes and their relations within energy plants

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Grazzini, Giuseppe; Milazzo, Adriano

2007-01-01

Analysing how energy is delivered from its primary sources to final users, it may be seen that the evolution of technology, driven by economic considerations, has mainly rewarded those systems that have intense energy fluxes through their main sections. On the other hand, renewable energy sources are prevented from being widespread by their low energy density. If a high energy flux is a recognized target for energy use, one may try to characterise the various devices encountered along the energy path according to the concentration obtained of the energy flow. In this way, apart from measuring the energy loss suffered within a given device, it can be decided if this loss is adequate with respect to the gain in terms of energy density

Introducing wave energy into the renewable energy marketplace

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Petroncini, S.; Yemm, R.W.

2001-01-01

The energy sector in Europe is going through a dynamic evolution that sees the introduction and development of renewable energy and the re-emergence of a wave energy industry. Although wave energy is currently not economically competitive with mature technologies such as wind energy, the wave energy world-wide resource of 2 TW has a potential contribution in the electricity market of 2000TWh/year. Denmark, Ireland, Portugal, Norway and the UK have been analysed in terms of wave energy resources, renewable energy market structure and political and economic support for the introduction of wave energy into the marketplace. The results have been used together with Ocean Power Delivery Ltd to develop an initial market survey for the wave energy converter Pelamis. (au)

Energy saving synergies in national energy systems

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Thellufsen, Jakob Zinck; Lund, Henrik

2015-01-01

In the transition towards a 100% renewable energy system, energy savings are essential. The possibility of energy savings through conservation or efficiency increases can be identified in, for instance, the heating and electricity sectors, in industry, and in transport. Several studies point...... to various optimal levels of savings in the different sectors of the energy system. However, these studies do not investigate the idea of energy savings being system dependent. This paper argues that such system dependency is critical to understand, as it does not make sense to analyse an energy saving...... without taking into account the actual benefit of the saving in relation to the energy system. The study therefore identifies a need to understand how saving methods may interact with each other and the system in which they are conducted. By using energy system analysis to do hourly simulation...

Widening energy access in Africa: Towards energy transition

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sokona, Youba; Mulugetta, Yacob; Gujba, Haruna

2012-01-01

The discussion to widen access to modern energy services has been influential in shaping some of the discussions on energy at the international level. The practice of widening modern energy services access to the poor in Africa is complex, and exacerbated by the dual nature of the energy system across Sub-Saharan Africa where traditional and modern energy systems and practices co-exist. This presents major challenges for policy makers who have to contend with a fragmented energy system, which requires the mobilisation of an array of actors at cross-sectoral levels in order to develop effective institutions and implement innovative policy frameworks. This paper further argues that, the ‘energy access’ discussion needs to take place in the context of energy transitions, giving due consideration to the productive sector as an important vehicle for change. As the link between energy and development is context specific, each African country needs to chart its own energy transition pathway into the future, and there are ample lessons that they can draw from previous energy transitions. - Highlights: ► Lack of access to modern energy services in Africa is an impediment to socio-economic development. ► Widening modern energy services access to the poor in Africa is complex. ► A broader approach to address the ‘energy access’ discourse is required. ► Each African country needs to chart its own energy transition pathway. ► Both fossil and renewable energy systems would be needed for a transition to modern energy sources.

Energy in Italian regions. Energy balance

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Catoni, P. G.; Perrella, G.

1998-01-01

This paper reports the syntheses of regional energy balance and the elaboration of the most important energy index from 1990 to 1996 at this scope a specific methodology. Pentec (territorial energy planning ecompatible) is pointed [it

China Energy Group - Sustainable Growth Through EnergyEfficiency

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Levine, Mark; Fridley, David; Lin, Jiang; Sinton, Jonathan; Zhou,Nan; Aden, Nathaniel; Huang, Joe; Price, Lynn; McKane, Aimee T.

2006-03-20

China is fueling its phenomenal economic growth with huge quantities of coal. The environmental consequences reach far beyond its borders--China is second only to the United States in greenhouse gas emissions. Expanding its supply of other energy sources, like nuclear power and imported oil, raises trade and security issues. Soaring electricity demand necessitates the construction of 40-70 GW of new capacity per year, creating sustained financing challenges. While daunting, the challenge of meeting China's energy needs presents a wealth of opportunities, particularly in meeting demand through improved energy efficiency and other clean energy technologies. The China Energy Group at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) is committed to understanding these opportunities, and to exploring their implications for policy and business. We work collaboratively with energy researchers, suppliers, regulators, and consumers in China and elsewhere to: better understand the dynamics of energy use in China. Our Research Focus Encompasses Three Major Areas: Buildings, Industry, and Cross-Cutting Activities. Buildings--working to promote energy-efficient buildings and energy-efficient equipment used in buildings. Current work includes promoting the design and use of minimum energy efficiency standards and energy labeling for appliances, and assisting in the development and implementation of building codes for energy-efficient residential and commercial/public buildings. Past work has included a China Residential Energy Consumption Survey and a study of the health impacts of rural household energy use. Industry--understanding China's industrial sector, responsible for the majority of energy consumption in China. Current work includes benchmarking China's major energy-consuming industries to world best practice, examining energy efficiency trends in China's steel and cement industries, implementing voluntary energy efficiency agreements in various

Renewable energy.

Science.gov (United States)

Destouni, Georgia; Frank, Harry

2010-01-01

The Energy Committee of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has in a series of projects gathered information and knowledge on renewable energy from various sources, both within and outside the academic world. In this article, we synthesize and summarize some of the main points on renewable energy from the various Energy Committee projects and the Committee's Energy 2050 symposium, regarding energy from water and wind, bioenergy, and solar energy. We further summarize the Energy Committee's scenario estimates of future renewable energy contributions to the global energy system, and other presentations given at the Energy 2050 symposium. In general, international coordination and investment in energy research and development is crucial to enable future reliance on renewable energy sources with minimal fossil fuel use.

Learning energy literacy concepts from energy-efficient homes

Science.gov (United States)

Paige, Frederick Eugene

The purpose of this study is to understand ways that occupants' and visitors' interaction with energy efficient home design affects Energy Literacy. Using a case study approach including interviews, surveys, and observations, I examined the potential for affordable energy efficient homes in the Greenville South Carolina area to "teach" concepts from an Energy Literacy framework developed by dozens of educational partners and federal agencies that comprise the U.S. Global Change Research Program Partners. I paid particular attention to concepts from the framework that are transferable to energy decisions beyond a home's walls. My research reveals ways that interaction with high efficiency homes can effect understanding of the following Energy Literacy concepts: human use of energy is subject to limits and constraints, conservation is one way to manage energy resources, electricity is generated in multiple ways, social and technological innovations effect the amount of energy used by society, and energy use can be calculated and monitored. Examples from my case studies show how the at-home examples can make lessons on energy more personally relevant, easy to understand, and applicable. Specifically, I found that: • Home occupants learn the limits of energy in relation to the concrete and constricting costs associated with their consumption. • Heating and cooling techniques showcase the limits and constraints on different sources of energy. • Relatable systems make it easier to understand energy's limits and constraints. • Indistinct and distant power utilities allow consumers to overlook the root of electricity sources. • Visible examples of electricity generation systems make it clear that electricity is generated in multiple ways. • Small and interactive may mean inefficient electricity generation, but efficient energy education. • Perceptions of expense and complexity create a disconnect between residential energy consumers and renewable electricity

Energy Choices. A North European Energy Map; Vaegval Energi. Nordeuropeisk Energikarta

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Groenkvist, Stefan; Stenkvist, Maria; Paradis, Hanna

2008-11-15

Oil, coal and natural gas dominate the energy consumption in Northern Europe, as well as in the world at large. The energy supply mix varies between the countries of the region. For example, a large proportion of biomass and waste in Finland and Latvia (Norway) and Sweden use a high proportion of hydroelectric power, while Poland has a very high proportion of coal in their energy mix. Energy use per person in Northern Europe is more than twice as high compared with the average global - but lower than the average in the OECD. In Northern Europe, there are three separate networks for energy transfer: natural gas, electricity and heating. The expansion of the natural gas network has been strong since 1970. Gas pipelines today covers large parts of Europe and new pipelines are planned. The electricity grids and their transmission capacity has grown. Electricity began to be transferred between the Nordic countries during the 1960s. Today, the North European countries are linked with a number of high capacity cables. While the networks for district heating has grown, these systems are separate for individual cities. In recent years, the region's net imports of oil rose, as (Norway's oil production has declined since the early 2000s. On the other hand, the North European countries in 2007 became, for the first time, net exporters of natural gas. As the energy systems expand, trade in energy increases - both within the region and with the rest of Europe and the rest of the world. Several new energy projects are planned in Northern Europe for expanded capacity in oil refineries and new pipelines for natural gas and transmission lines for electricity. The energy integration in the region is therefore expected to increase further. In the long term, climate policy will be of greater importance, both for the region's use of primary energy and for the look of the region's future energy map

DTU international energy report 2013. Energy storage options for future sustainable energy systems

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hvidtfeldt Larsen, H.; Soenderberg Petersen, L. (eds.)

2013-11-01

One of the great challenges in the transition to a non-fossil energy system with a high share of fluctuating renewable energy sources such as solar and wind is to align consumption and production in an economically satisfactory manner. Energy storage could provide the necessary balancing power to make this possible. This energy report addresses energy storage from a broad perspective: It analyses smaller stores that can be used locally in for example heat storage in the individual home or vehicle, such as electric cars or hydrogen cars. The report also addresses decentralized storage as flywheels and batteries linked to decentralized energy systems. In addition it addresses large central storages as pumped hydro storage and compressed air energy storage and analyse this in connection with international transmission and trading over long distances. The report addresses electrical storage, thermal storage and other forms of energy storage, for example conversion of biomass to liquid fuel and conversion of solar energy directly into hydrogen, as well as storage in transmission, grid storage etc. Finally, the report covers research, innovation and the future prospects and addresses the societal challenges and benefits of the use of energy storage. (Author)

Policies and programs for sustainable energy innovations renewable energy and energy efficiency

CERN Document Server

Kim, Jisun; Iskin, Ibrahim; Taha, Rimal; Blommestein, Kevin

2015-01-01

This volume features research and case studies across a variety of industries to showcase technological innovations and policy initiatives designed to promote renewable energy and sustainable economic development. The first section focuses on policies for the adoption of renewable energy technologies, the second section covers the evaluation of energy efficiency programs, and the final section provides evaluations of energy technology innovations. Environmental concerns, energy availability, and political pressure have prompted governments to look for alternative energy resources that can minimize the undesirable effects for current energy systems.  For example, shifting away from conventional fuel resources and increasing the percentage of electricity generated from renewable resources, such as solar and wind power, is an opportunity to guarantee lower CO2 emissions and to create better economic opportunities for citizens in the long run.  Including discussions of such of timely topics and issues as global...

Proceedings of V International Conference of Renewable Energy, Energy Saving and Energy Education. CIER 2007. International Workshop of Eolic Energy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2007-05-01

The CD-ROM presents papers submitted to the International Conference of Renewable Energy, Energy Saving and Energy Education. CIER 2007, held in Havana, Cuba, on May 22-25, 2007. The purpose of the CIER 2007 are to offer an opportunity to engineers, investigators, academic, makers and specialists in the energy topic from all over the world to exchange experiences, to share their successes and to discuss their focuses to future in the topic of the energy renewable, the energy saving, the energy efficiency and the energy education. The objective of the International Workshop of Eolic Energy is in advancing in the dialogue international on the systems in question and their applications around the world, you they analyzed the perspectives of possible programs of cooperation in this field and their use in Cuba

New energy technologies 3 - Geothermal and biomass energies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sabonnadiere, J.C.; Alazard-Toux, N.; His, S.; Douard, F.; Duplan, J.L.; Monot, F.; Jaudin, F.; Le Bel, L.; Labeyrie, P.

2007-01-01

This third tome of the new energy technologies handbook is devoted to two energy sources today in strong development: geothermal energy and biomass fuels. It gives an exhaustive overview of the exploitation of both energy sources. Geothermal energy is presented under its most common aspects. First, the heat pumps which encounter a revival of interest in the present-day context, and the use of geothermal energy in collective space heating applications. Finally, the power generation of geothermal origin for which big projects exist today. The biomass energies are presented through their three complementary aspects which are: the biofuels, in the hypothesis of a substitutes to fossil fuels, the biogas, mainly produced in agricultural-type facilities, and finally the wood-fuel which is an essential part of biomass energy. Content: Forewords; geothermal energy: 1 - geothermal energy generation, heat pumps, direct heat generation, power generation. Biomass: 2 - biofuels: share of biofuels in the energy context, present and future industries, economic and environmental status of biofuel production industries; 3 - biogas: renewable natural gas, involuntary bio-gases, man-controlled biogas generation, history of methanation, anaerobic digestion facilities or biogas units, biogas uses, stakes of renewable natural gas; 4 - energy generation from wood: overview of wood fuels, principles of wood-energy conversion, wood-fueled thermal energy generators. (J.S.)

The energy report - Energy-climate preservation - 100% Renewable energy by 2050

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Singer, Stephan; Denruyter, Jean-Philippe; Jeffries, Barney; Gibbons, Owen; Hendrix, Ellen; Hiller, Martin; McLellan, Richard; Pols, Donald; Allott, Keith; Anderson, Jason; Baker, Bryn; Battle, Jessica; Blom, Esther; Caught, Kellie; Clough, Kirsty; Chatterjee, Keya; Duveau, Thomas; Elliott, Wendy; Emfel, Magnus; Englum, Lynn; Fabbri, Mariangiola; Geneen, Bart; Gray, Ian; Gritsevich, Inna; Van de Gronden, Johan; Guerraoui, May; Hart, Piers; Hartmann, Joerg; Hofstetter, Patrick; Holland, Richard; Hou, Yanli; Ibrahim, Nora; Kaszewski, Andrea; Kiianmaa, Sampsa; Kokorin, Alexey; Lifeng, Li; Lockley, Pete; Maassen, Paul; Masako, Yosuke; McLaughlin, David; Mathe, Laszlo; McLellan, Elisabeth; Von Mirbach, Martin; Ogorzalek, Kevin; Orr, Stuart; Perrin, Mireille; Pollard, Duncan; Randriambola, Voahirana; Rast, Georg; Roberntz, Peter; Senga, Rafael; Sinha, Shirish; Steindlegger, Gerald; Taylor, Rod; Valencia, Ivan; Vitali, Arianna; Willstedt, Heikki; Woul, Mattias de; Worthington, Richard; Yamagishi, Naoyuki; Boufflers, Jean-Philippe; Gilbert, Olivier; Marsily, Anne de; Graaf, Reinier de; Baird, Laura; Merkeley, Tanner; D'Amico, Federico; Christensen, Vilhelm; McPhee, Amelia

2011-01-01

WWF has a vision of a world that is powered by 100 per cent renewable energy sources by the middle of this century. Unless we make this transition, the world is most unlikely to avoid predicted escalating impacts of climate change. But is it possible to achieve 100 per cent renewable energy supplies for everyone on the planet by 2050? WWF called upon the expertise of respected energy consultancy Ecofys to provide an answer to this question. In response, Ecofys has produced a bold and ambitious scenario - which demonstrates that it is technically possible to achieve almost 100 per cent renewable energy sources within the next four decades. The Ecofys scenario raises a number of significant issues and challenges. The Energy Report investigates the most critically important political, economic, environmental and social choices and challenges, and encourages their further debate. How are we going to provide for all of the world's future needs, on energy, food, fibre, water and others, without running into such huge issues as: conflicting demands on land/water availability and use; rising, and in some cases, unsustainable consumption of commodities; nuclear waste; and regionally appropriate and adequate energy mixes? The world needs to seriously consider what will be required to transition to a sustainable energy future, and to find solutions to the dilemmas raised in this report. Answering these challenges - the solutions to the energy needs of current and future generations is one of the most important, challenging and urgent political tasks ahead

Energy and energy policy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Clerici, A.

2007-01-01

Energy has taken with his reflections on the environment, the geopolitical aspects and its pervasive use in all activities a crucial role for sustainable development of our planet. The energy in the future will be increasingly a global problem [it

Energy efficiency in the British housing stock: Energy demand and the Homes Energy Efficiency Database

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hamilton, Ian G.; Steadman, Philip J.; Bruhns, Harry; Summerfield, Alex J.; Lowe, Robert

2013-01-01

The UK Government has unveiled an ambitious retrofit programme that seeks significant improvement to the energy efficiency of the housing stock. High quality data on the energy efficiency of buildings and their related energy demand is critical to supporting and targeting investment in energy efficiency. Using existing home improvement programmes over the past 15 years, the UK Government has brought together data on energy efficiency retrofits in approximately 13 million homes into the Homes Energy Efficiency Database (HEED), along with annual metered gas and electricity use for the period of 2004–2007. This paper describes the HEED sample and assesses its representativeness in terms of dwelling characteristics, the energy demand of different energy performance levels using linked gas and electricity meter data, along with an analysis of the impact retrofit measures has on energy demand. Energy savings are shown to be associated with the installation of loft and cavity insulation, and glazing and boiler replacement. The analysis illustrates this source of ‘in-action’ data can be used to provide empirical estimates of impacts of energy efficiency retrofit on energy demand and provides a source of empirical data from which to support the development of national housing energy efficiency retrofit policies. - Highlights: • The energy efficiency level for 50% of the British housing stock is described. • Energy demand is influenced by size and age and energy performance. • Housing retrofits (e.g. cavity insulation, glazing and boiler replacements) save energy. • Historic differences in energy performance show persistent long-term energy savings

Energy storage

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2012-01-01

After having outlined the importance of energy storage in the present context, this document outlines that it is an answer to economic, environmental and technological issues. It proposes a brief overview of the various techniques of energy storage: under the form of chemical energy (hydrocarbons, biomass, hydrogen production), thermal energy (sensitive or latent heat storage), mechanical energy (potential energy by hydraulic or compressed air storage, kinetic energy with flywheels), electrochemical energy (in batteries), electric energy (super-capacitors, superconductor magnetic energy storage). Perspectives are briefly evoked

Energy-Water System Solutions | Energy Analysis | NREL

Science.gov (United States)

System Solutions Energy-Water System Solutions NREL has been a pioneer in the development of energy -water system solutions that explicitly address and optimize energy-water tradeoffs. NREL has evaluated energy-water system solutions for Department of Defense bases, islands, communities recovering from

Nuclear energy: a vital energy choice

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pecqueur, Michel

1980-01-01

Speaking from the platform of the XIIIth annual session of the International Atomic Energy Agency, at New Delhi, AEC managing director Michel Pecqueur made a solemn appeal to the world community for the decisions which are needed on energy. The present energy crisis can lead the world to a recession and be a factor in grave troubles for peace and balance in the world. The crisis cannot be resolved without accrued recourse to the use of nuclear energy. Two essential themes were outlined: the development of nuclear energy in the world, and the increased reduction of proliferation risks. In concluding, he expressed the hop that with a greater effort in information media, the nuclear fact-of-life would be better accepted by the general public in future, for it is there that lies a brake which may hinder nuclear energy development [fr

The International Energy Agency's world energy outlook

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

O'Dell, S.

1996-01-01

The 1996 edition of the World Energy Outlook to 2010 was reviewed. An overview of the energy projections was provided based on assumptions about economic growth and energy prices, geological potential, technological developments, the availability of traditional fuels outside the OECD and the future preferences of energy users. Demand vs. price movements were modelled, based on 'capacity constraints' and 'energy saving ' scenarios. Three major conclusions derived from the projections were: (1) world primary energy demand will grow steadily as it has over the past two decades, (2) fossil fuels will account for 90 per cent of total primary energy demand in 2010, and (3) a structural shift in the shares of different regions in world energy demand is likely to occur, i.e., the OECD share will fall in favor of the share of the ROW (rest of the world). 4 tabs., 9 figs

Nuclear Power, Energy Economics and Energy Security

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2013-01-01

Economic development requires reliable, affordable electricity that is provided in sufficient quantities to satisfy the minimum energy requirements at a local, regional or national level. As simple as this recipe for economic development appears, technological, infrastructural, financial and developmental considerations must be analysed and balanced to produce a national energy strategy. Complicating that task is the historic fact that energy at the desired price and in the desired quantities can be neither taken for granted nor guaranteed. Energy economics and energy security determine the options available to nations working to establish a sustainable energy strategy for the future.

Proceedings of the 8. Brazilian congress on energy: energy policy, regulation and sustainable development. v. 1: energy, environment and energy sector regulation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1999-01-01

The theme energy policy, regulation and sustainable development chosen for the 8. Brazilian congress on energy to be held in Rio de Janeiro from 30 November of 1999 to 02 December of 1999, specifically means the contribution of energy to a satisfactory quality of life for everyone. Within such a context, the congress technical programme theme has been structured around six different divisions: energy, environment and development; energy sector regulation; energy policy and planning; technology innovation; energy conservation; and renewable energy sources and rural areas energy supply

Energy performance contracting - energy saving potential of selected energy conservation measures (ECM)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Johansson, M. (Dansk Energi Analyse A/S, Frederiksberg (Denmark)); Langkilde, G.; Olesen, Bjarne W. (Technical Univ. of Denmark, ICIEE, Kgs. Lyngby (Denmark)); Moerck, O. (Cenergia Energy Consultants, Herlev (Denmark)); Sundman, O. (DONG Energy, Copenhagen (Denmark)); Engelund Thomsen, K. (Aalborg Univ., SBi, Hoersholm (Denmark))

2008-09-15

This report has been developed under the research project 'Etablering af grundlag for energitjenester i Danmark' (project number: ENS-33031-0185) under the Danish research programme - EFP. The objective of this project has been to contribute to the utilisation of the large potential for energy conservations in the building sector within the public, industry and service sectors through the development of a better basis for decision making for both the Energy Service Companies (ESCOes) and the building owners. The EU directive on Energy Service Contracting points at the buildings as the area where the biggest potential market for energy services and energy efficiency improvements are. The EFP-project has two parts: (1) A Danish part and (2) participation in the international cooperation project 'Holistic Assesment Tool-Kit on Energy Efficient Retrofit Measures for Government Buildings (EnERGo)', Annex 46 under the IEA R and D program 'Energy Conservation In Buildings And Community Systems' (ECBCS). This report describes the Danish contributions to the IEA projects subtask B, which has a primary objective to develop a database of energy conservation measures (ECM) with descriptions and performance characteristics of these. (au)

Energy performance contracting - energy saving potential of selected energy conservation measures (ECM)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Johansson, M [Dansk Energi Analyse A/S, Frederiksberg (Denmark); Langkilde, G; Olesen, Bjarne W [Technical Univ. of Denmark, ICIEE, Kgs. Lyngby (Denmark); Moerck, O [Cenergia Energy Consultants, Herlev (Denmark); Sundman, O [DONG Energy, Copenhagen (Denmark); Engelund Thomsen, K [Aalborg Univ., SBi, Hoersholm (Denmark)

2008-09-15

This report has been developed under the research project 'Etablering af grundlag for energitjenester i Danmark' (project number: ENS-33031-0185) under the Danish research programme - EFP. The objective of this project has been to contribute to the utilisation of the large potential for energy conservations in the building sector within the public, industry and service sectors through the development of a better basis for decision making for both the Energy Service Companies (ESCOes) and the building owners. The EU directive on Energy Service Contracting points at the buildings as the area where the biggest potential market for energy services and energy efficiency improvements are. The EFP-project has two parts: (1) A Danish part and (2) participation in the international cooperation project 'Holistic Assesment Tool-Kit on Energy Efficient Retrofit Measures for Government Buildings (EnERGo)', Annex 46 under the IEA R and D program 'Energy Conservation In Buildings And Community Systems' (ECBCS). This report describes the Danish contributions to the IEA projects subtask B, which has a primary objective to develop a database of energy conservation measures (ECM) with descriptions and performance characteristics of these. (au)

Energy in Croatia, Annual Energy Report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1997-12-01

The publication creates a condensed review of the state of affairs within our energy system. It includes the latest data for 1996, which were at the same time compared to the situations from the previous four years in order to achieve a more accurate insight into all the related problems. The relation of the gross domestic product (GDP) and the electric energy consumption illustrates the fact that the economic conditions are closely connected to the development of the energy sector. In 1996 the gross domestic product was 4.2% higher than in the year before and the electric energy consumption increased by approximately the same figure. It rose from the consumed 12958.0 GWh in 1995 to 12877.9 GWh in 1996, i.e. 4.2%. The total energy consumption in 1996 increased by entire 10.8%, amounting to 352.56 PJ, this predominantly being a result of growing hydro power and natural gas consumption. The immediate energy consumption grew by 8.3%, from 185.96 PJ in 1995 to 201.35 PJ in 1996. Apart from the data included in the review, there are also other presentations referring to the energy generation and consumption in Croatia. A special chapter comprises an analysis of oil and gas system, i.e. hydrocarbon and coal reserves as well as the capacities required for oil and gas processing and transportation. The attention was directed to positive environmental incentives, as the energy sector is responsible for more than 90% of all polluting substances. Apart from the economic and financial indices, the publication includes the prices for electric energy, natural gas and oil derivations as well as maps showing the route of the gas and JANAF systems and the transmission electric energy network. The review puts forward some positive achievements in the development of our energy sector, which create the basis for continued efforts in order to bring about the desired objectives. This will be realized by defining the legislation system and the institutions ensuring high-quality market

Energy Systems Integration Facility News | Energy Systems Integration

Science.gov (United States)

Facility | NREL Energy Systems Integration Facility News Energy Systems Integration Facility Energy Dataset A massive amount of wind data was recently made accessible online, greatly expanding the Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has completed technology validation testing for Go

Energy flow modeling and optimal operation analysis of the micro energy grid based on energy hub

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ma, Tengfei; Wu, Junyong; Hao, Liangliang

2017-01-01

Highlights: • Design a novel architecture for energy hub integrating power hub, cooling hub and heating hub. • The micro energy grid based on energy hub is introduced and its advantages are discussed. • Propose a generic modeling method for the energy flow of micro energy grid. • Propose an optimal operation model for micro energy grid with considering demand response. • The roles of renewable energy, energy storage devices and demand response are discussed separately. - Abstract: The energy security and environmental problems impel people to explore a more efficient, environment friendly and economical energy utilization pattern. In this paper, the coordinated operation and optimal dispatch strategies for multiple energy system are studied at the whole Micro Energy Grid level. To augment the operation flexibility of energy hub, the innovation sub-energy hub structure including power hub, heating hub and cooling hub is put forward. Basing on it, a generic energy hub architecture integrating renewable energy, combined cooling heating and power, and energy storage devices is developed. Moreover, a generic modeling method for the energy flow of micro energy grid is proposed. To minimize the daily operation cost, a day-ahead dynamic optimal operation model is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming optimization problem with considering the demand response. Case studies are undertaken on a community Micro Energy Grid in four different scenarios on a typical summer day and the roles of renewable energy, energy storage devices and demand response are discussed separately. Numerical simulation results indicate that the proposed energy flow modeling and optimal operation method are universal and effective over the entire energy dispatching horizon.

Energy in Croatia, Annual Energy Report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2001-12-01

The review, in its own recognisable way, consists of the most recent and settled data for the year 2001, i.e. for the period from 1996 until 2001. We have, however, added data appertaining to a longer time period together with future expectations with the aim of an easier insight into long-term prospects. In 2001 total primary energy supply increased by 3.3 percent compared to the preceding year. Owing to the simultaneous growth of the gross domestic product by 4.1 percent, energy intensity decreased and consequently a positive trend continues. Energy intensity, which expressed the total energy consumed per unit of gross domestic product, exceeds the realised level of the developed European countries, but it is still more favourable than in the majority of transition countries. We would particularly like to stress the fact about the recorded growth of primary energy production by 7 percent, which in 2001 occurred partly as the consequence of favourable hydrological conditions and partly of a considerable increase in natural gas production. Supply from own sources grew to 52.8 percent. In 2001, natural gas production in the structure of the domestic production amounted to more than 36 percent. Energy import recorded an increase of 2.2 percent, whereby the portion of the imported crude oil was 65 percent. In 2001 transformation losses increased by 15.9 percent, transportation and distribution losses by 22.6 percent, energy sector own use by 10.3 percent, while non-energy consumption decreased by 15 percent. This brought about the situation that, together with the above mentioned growth of the total energy consumed of 3.3 percent, final demand grew by 2.6 percent - 2.3 percent in other sectors, 1.1 percent in traffic with the simultaneous increase in industry of 5.1 percent. Apart from these data, the publication comprises other interesting facts about our energy system, its capacities, energy source prices and environmental impact

Tidal energy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lochte, H.G.

1995-01-01

Together with wave energy, ocean thermal energy, and the often overlooked energy from ocean curents tidal energy belongs to those renewable energy sources that can be subsumed under the generic term of ocean energy. All that these energy sources have in common, however, is that they are found in the ocean. The present article discusses tidal energy with respect to the four principal factors determining the scope of a renewable energy source, namely global, technical, and economic availability and ecological acceptability. (orig.) [de

Energy paper II: Nuclear energy revival

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anonymous

2008-01-01

ESI Energy paper is called 'Issue Paper' awarded by think-tank Energy Security Institute. The second issue focuses on the energy security of countries from the perspective of Renaissance of construction of nuclear power plants. Topicality is documented by fluctuations in fossil fuel prices on the world commodity markets and by extortionate potential, disposed by their main producers. The Slovak Republic is actively engaged into international dialogue on the need for the development of nuclear energy.

Deciphering energy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dessus, Benjamin

2014-01-01

In this book, the author aims at giving some explanations about the various terms regarding energy which are present in our everyday life, in speeches, in papers and magazines, on the air, in our energy bills, for instance: energy poverty, price of a barrel of oil, resources and proved reserves, intermittency and energy storage, fossil and renewable energies, and so on. In a first part, the author addresses issues ranging from the development needs of a society to the energy assessment of a country, i.e.: nature and quantity of needs in services provided by energy, analysis of the required quantity of energy products needed to satisfy these needs, stages between primary resources and service delivery, description of the French consumption of available final energy products (per product and per economic sector). In the second part, he addresses energy supply, energy sectors and environmental issues, thus focusing on the front end of the energy system, i.e. ways of production from primary energy resources to final energy products: main physical characteristics and description of the different fissile, fossil and renewable energies, description of the main sectors of production of final energy products (fuels, electricity, heat) with a specific attention to electricity. In this part, local, regional and global environmental issues related to the exploitation of these energy sectors are discussed: sources of atmospheric pollution related to energy, relationship between energy and global warming, role of the different greenhouse gases emitted by these sectors, and quantitative analysis of these emissions. The third part addresses the economy of energy systems. The author proposes a cost assessment method which can be used for the production analysis as well as the economic analysis of a specific energy product. He also described external costs and profits, and methods to take those hidden costs and profits into account. Other economic tools are discussed and compared

Role and potential of renewable energy and energy efficiency for global energy supply

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Krewitt, Wolfram; Nienhaus, Kristina [German Aerospace Center e.V. (DLR), Stuttgart (Germany); Klessmann, Corinna; Capone, Carolin; Stricker, Eva [Ecofys Germany GmbH, Berlin (Germany); Graus, Wina; Hoogwijk, Monique [Ecofys Netherlands BV, Utrecht (Netherlands); Supersberger, Nikolaus; Winterfeld, Uta von; Samadi, Sascha [Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy GmbH, Wuppertal (Germany)

2009-12-15

The analysis of different global energy scenarios in part I of the report confirms that the exploitation of energy efficiency potentials and the use of renewable energies play a key role in reaching global CO2 reduction targets. An assessment on the basis of a broad literature research in part II shows that the technical potentials of renewable energy technologies are a multiple of today's global final energy consumption. The analysis of cost estimates for renewable electricity generation technologies and even long term cost projections across the key studies in part III demonstrates that assumptions are in reasonable agreement. In part IV it is shown that by implementing technical potentials for energy efficiency improvements in demand and supply sectors by 2050 can be limited to 48% of primary energy supply in IEA's ''Energy Technology Perspectives'' baseline scenario. It was found that a large potential for cost-effective measures exists, equivalent to around 55-60% of energy savings of all included efficiency measures (part V). The results of the analysis on behavioural changes in part VI show that behavioural dimensions are not sufficiently included in energy scenarios. Accordingly major research challenges are revealed. (orig.)

Energy audit at Russian dairies. Energy guidance

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Draborg, S [Dansk Energi Analyse A/S, Vanloese (Denmark); Sheina, L S; Kolesnikov, A I [RDIEE, Moscow (Russian Federation)

1999-12-31

The project encompassed following activities: Elaboration of a description of the Russian dairy sector including a mapping of the entire sector in respect of production capacity, actual production, products, production technologies and energy consumption; Energy audits at twelve selected dairies with different typical productions; Elaboration of an `Energy Audit Guidance` which describes how to perform energy audits in dairies and where to expect energy saving possibilities. The energy savings possibilities are often due to the same kind of problems, e.g. low production, inefficient equipment or manually control of the process equipment. The main problems that Russian dairies faces can be divided into the following categories: Old and inefficient technological equipment which is operated at low capacity with very low energy efficiency; Lack of knowledge about new energy efficient technologies; Financial problems which causes low interest and few possibilities for using funds for investment in energy efficient equipment; Energy savings do not lead to personal gains for the persons in the dairy management or other employees which causes low interest in energy savings. At some dairies it seemd to be a problem for the management to adapt to the new and very different conditions for enterprises in Russian today, where sales, production, production capacity and raw milk available are interconnected. With respect to energy matters it was often a wish to replace existing oversized equipment with new equipment of the same size no matter that it is unlikely that the production will increase considerable in the future. The project has discovered that there is a need for demonstrating energy saving measures by implementation because it was in many ways hard for the dairy management`s to believe that, the energy consumption could be reduced dramatically without affecting the production or the processes. Furthermore, the project has discovered a need for transferring to the

Energy audit at Russian dairies. Energy guidance

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Draborg, S. [Dansk Energi Analyse A/S, Vanloese (Denmark); Sheina, L.S.; Kolesnikov, A.I. [RDIEE, Moscow (Russian Federation)

1998-12-31

The project encompassed following activities: Elaboration of a description of the Russian dairy sector including a mapping of the entire sector in respect of production capacity, actual production, products, production technologies and energy consumption; Energy audits at twelve selected dairies with different typical productions; Elaboration of an `Energy Audit Guidance` which describes how to perform energy audits in dairies and where to expect energy saving possibilities. The energy savings possibilities are often due to the same kind of problems, e.g. low production, inefficient equipment or manually control of the process equipment. The main problems that Russian dairies faces can be divided into the following categories: Old and inefficient technological equipment which is operated at low capacity with very low energy efficiency; Lack of knowledge about new energy efficient technologies; Financial problems which causes low interest and few possibilities for using funds for investment in energy efficient equipment; Energy savings do not lead to personal gains for the persons in the dairy management or other employees which causes low interest in energy savings. At some dairies it seemd to be a problem for the management to adapt to the new and very different conditions for enterprises in Russian today, where sales, production, production capacity and raw milk available are interconnected. With respect to energy matters it was often a wish to replace existing oversized equipment with new equipment of the same size no matter that it is unlikely that the production will increase considerable in the future. The project has discovered that there is a need for demonstrating energy saving measures by implementation because it was in many ways hard for the dairy management`s to believe that, the energy consumption could be reduced dramatically without affecting the production or the processes. Furthermore, the project has discovered a need for transferring to the

Pakistan energy consumption scenario and some alternate energy option

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Maher, M.J.

1997-01-01

Pakistan with its energy-deficient resources is highly dependent on import-oriented energy affected the economy because of repeated energy price hike on international horizon. The energy consumption pattern in Pakistan comprises about two-third in commercial energy and one-third in non-commercial forms. Most of the country's energy requirements are met by oil, gas hydro power, coal, nuclear energy and thermal power. Pakistan meets it's commercial energy requirements indigenously up to 64%. The balance of deficit of 35-40% is met through import. The consumption of various agro-residues and wood as fuel also plays a vital role. The analysis shows that emphasis needs to be placed on new and renewable resources of energy besides adopting technologies for energy conservation. Renewable energy depends on energy income and constitutes the development process. The are several renewable energy options such as biogas technology, micro-hydro power generation, direct solar energy and biomass energy conservation etc. By improving the conservation techniques as designs of solar converters, pre treating the biomass fuel, increasing the effectiveness of carbonization and pyrolysis increases the energy production. (A.B.)

Energy demand and supply, energy policies, and energy security in the Republic of Korea

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Hoseok; Shin, Eui-soon; Chung, Woo-jin

2011-01-01

The Republic of Korea (ROK) has enjoyed rapid economic growth and development over the last 30 years. Rapid increases in energy use-especially petroleum, natural gas, and electricity, and especially in the industrial and transport sectors-have fueled the ROK's economic growth, but with limited fossil fuel resources of its own, the result has been that the ROK is almost entirely dependent on energy imports. The article that follows summarizes the recent trends in the ROK energy sector, including trends in energy demand and supply, and trends in economic, demographic, and other activities that underlie trends in energy use. The ROK has been experiencing drastic changes in its energy system, mainly induced by industrial, supply security, and environmental concerns, and energy policies in the ROK have evolved over the years to address such challenges through measures such as privatization of energy-sector activities, emphases on enhancing energy security through development of energy efficiency, nuclear power, and renewable energy, and a related focus on reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The assembly of a model for evaluating energy futures in the ROK (ROK2010 LEAP) is described, and results of several policy-based scenarios focused on different levels of nuclear energy utilization are described, and their impacts on of energy supply and demand in the ROK through the year 2030 are explored, along with their implications for national energy security and long-term policy plans. Nuclear power continues to hold a crucial position in the ROK's energy policy, but aggressive expansion of nuclear power alone, even if possible given post-Fukushima global concerns, will not be sufficient to attain the ROK's 'green economy' and greenhouse gas emissions reduction goals. - Research highlights: →Rapid industrialization caused ROK energy use to increase over 10-fold during 1970-2000, with dramatic structural changes. → Growth in energy use after 2000 slowed to under 5%/yr, and

International Congress on Energy Efficiency and Energy Related Materials

CERN Document Server

Bahsi, Zehra; Ozer, Mehmet; ENEFM2013

2014-01-01

The International Congress on Energy Efficiency and Energy Related Materials (ENEFM2013) was held on 9-12 October, 2013. This three-day congress focused on the latest developments of sustainable energy technologies, materials for sustainable energy applications and environmental & economic perspectives of energy. These proceedings include 63 peer reviewed technical papers, submitted from leading academic and research institutions from over 23 countries, representing some of the most cutting edge research available. The papers included were presented at the congress in the following sessions: General Issues Wind Energy Solar Energy Nuclear Energy Biofuels and Bioenergy Energy Storage Energy Conservation and Efficiency Energy in Buildings   Economical and Environmental Issues Environment Energy Requirements Economic Development   Materials for Sustainable Energy Hydrogen Production and Storage Photovoltaic Cells Thermionic Converters Batteries and Superconductors Phase Change Materials Fuel Cells Supercon...

Energy crisis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1977-01-01

From energy policy to the problem of public acceptance of nuclear power, problems like energy supply, energy strategies, the race of industrial countries for the short energy reserves, the West German energy demand until the year 2.000, energy conservation, and the controversy over increased use of nuclear energy are reviewed. (GL) [de

Energy efficiency and energy management: an abundance

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Coullet-Demaiziere, Corinne; Barthet, Marie-Claire; Tourneur, Jean-Claude; Mirguet, Olivier

2015-01-01

As France has just published a decree on the energy audit for large companies, and has thus been among the first countries to comply with an article of the European directive on energy efficiency, a set of articles discusses various aspects of these issues of energy efficiency and energy management. A first one presents this mandatory energy audit as a tool for a better energy efficiency, and illustrates the relationship between this commitment and the ISO 50001 standard for French large companies. A second article outlines the tools and standards of application of this energy audit in different legal texts. A third one comments the introduction of four new European arrangements on the labelling of products (indication of energy performance by retailers, objective of reduction of energy consumption, information displayed on site and on-line for various household appliances, current legislation). The next article comments the new German legislation on renewable energies which implements environmental requirements higher than European objectives, and tries to boost the carbon market. The presence of the ISO 50001 certification in the German law is also briefly addressed. Then, an article proposes an overview of a bill project, opinions of experts, and way to go for the new arrangement for energy saving certificates (CEE, certificat d'economie d'energie) launched by the French ministry of Ecology, and which aims at a 700 TWh saving. The content of each article of the bill project is presented and explained, and the relationship between certificate application and some standards is highlighted. The last article comments the decision of the European Court of Justice on the compatibility of Flemish Green Certificates with the European law

Energy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bobin, J.L.

1996-01-01

Object of sciences and technologies, energy plays a major part in economics and relations between nations. Jean-Louis Bobin, physicist, analyses the relations between man and energy and wonders about fears that delivers nowadays technologies bound to nuclear energy and about the fear of a possible shortage of energy resources. (N.C.). 17 refs., 14 figs., 2 tabs

Energy entanglement relation for quantum energy teleportation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hotta, Masahiro, E-mail: hotta@tuhep.phys.tohoku.ac.j [Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578 (Japan)

2010-07-26

Protocols of quantum energy teleportation (QET), while retaining causality and local energy conservation, enable the transportation of energy from a subsystem of a many-body quantum system to a distant subsystem by local operations and classical communication through ground-state entanglement. We prove two energy-entanglement inequalities for a minimal QET model. These relations help us to gain a profound understanding of entanglement itself as a physical resource by relating entanglement to energy as an evident physical resource.

Energy Policy is Technology Politics The Hydrogen Energy Case

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Carl-Jochen Winter

2006-01-01

Germany's energy supply status shows both an accumulation of unsatisfactory sustainabilities putting the nation's energy security at risk, and a hopeful sign: The nation's supply dependency on foreign sources and the accordingly unavoidable price dictate the nation suffers under is almost life risking; the technological skill, however, of the nation's researchers, engineers, and industry materializes in a good percentage of the indigenous and the world's energy conversion technology market. Exemplified with the up and coming hydrogen energy economy this paper tries to advocate the 21. century energy credo: energy policy is energy technology politics! Energy source thinking and acting is 19. and 20. century, energy efficient conversion technology thinking and acting is 21. century. Hydrogen energy is on the verge of becoming the centre-field of world energy interest. Hydrogen energy is key for the de-carbonization and, thus, sustainabilization of fossil fuels, and as a storage and transport means for the introduction of so far un-operational huge renewable sources into the world energy market. - What is most important is hydrogen's thermodynamic ability to exergize the energy scheme: hydrogen makes more technical work (exergy) out of less primary energy! Hydrogen adds value. Hydrogen energy and, in particular, hydrogen energy technologies, are to become part of Germany's national energy identity; accordingly, national energy policy as energy technology politics needs to grow in the nation's awareness as common sense! Otherwise Germany seems ill-equipped energetically, and its well-being hangs in the balance. (author)

Energy resources

CERN Document Server

Simon, Andrew L

1975-01-01

Energy Resources mainly focuses on energy, including its definition, historical perspective, sources, utilization, and conservation. This text first explains what energy is and what its uses are. This book then explains coal, oil, and natural gas, which are some of the common energy sources used by various industries. Other energy sources such as wind, solar, geothermal, water, and nuclear energy sources are also tackled. This text also looks into fusion energy and techniques of energy conversion. This book concludes by explaining the energy allocation and utilization crisis. This publ

Proceedings of VI International Conference for Renewable Energy, Energy Saving and Energy Education (CIER 2009)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2009-01-01

The CD-ROM presents papers submitted to the International Conference of Renewable Energy, Energy Saving and Energy Education. CIER 2009, held in Havana, Cuba, on Jun 9-13, 2009 May. The purpose of the CIER 2009 are to offer an opportunity to engineers, investigators, academic, makers and specialists in the energy topic from all over the world to exchange experiences, to share their successes and to discuss their focuses to future in the topic of the energy renewable, the energy saving, the energy efficiency and the energy education

Energy Efficiency Resources to Support State Energy Planning

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Office of Strategic Programs, Strategic Priorities and Impact Analysis Team

2017-06-01

An early step for most energy efficiency planning is to identify and quantify energy savings opportunities, and then to understand how to access this potential. The U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy offers resources that can help with both of these steps. This fact sheet presents those resources. The resources are also available on the DOE State and Local Solution Center on the "Energy Efficiency: Savings Opportunities and Benefits" page: https://energy.gov/eere/slsc/energy-efficiency-savings-opportunities-and-benefits.

Distributed energy resources for a zero-energy neighbhourhood

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Morales Gonzalez, R.M.D.G.; Asare-Bediako, B.; Cobben, J.F.G.; Kling, W.L.; Scharrenberg, G.R.; Dijkstra, D.

2012-01-01

Zero energy buildings are on the increasing trend. They are perceived as appropriate technology to reducing CO2 emissions, improving energy efficiency and alleviating energy poverty. The main goal is that a grid-connected building produces enough energy on site to equal or exceed its annual energy

Exploration of energy conservation opportunities through energy audit

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Swain, R.K.; Swain, A.K.; Subudhi, B.

1994-01-01

Developing countries like India, has to cater the imbalance of energy between the supply and demand in almost all the sectors, so as to devise energy conservation strategies. Electricity is one of the most convenient form of energy gifted to the mankind. The raising cost of electricity and the need to raise large resources to meet the required demand is only at the most of other important assets of the country. This gap between demand and supply can be partially met by appropriate energy conservation schemes through energy audit- a scientific approach for balancing the supply and demand. India has to go a long way ahead in it, therefore, energy audit has been initiated at vulnerable energy consuming places. This paper presents the effectiveness of energy audit strategy in achieving energy conservation. The energy audit of Shrama Shakti Bhavan, an office complex at New Delhi, has been taken as a case study for this work. (author). 2 refs., 12 tabs

Exploration of energy conservation opportunities through energy audit

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Swain, R.K.; Swain, A.K.; Subudhi, B.

1995-01-01

Developing countries like India, has to cater to the imbalance of energy between the supply and demand in almost all the sectors, so as to devise energy conservation strategies. Electricity is one of the most convenient form of energy gifted to the mankind. The raising cost of electricity and the need to raise large resources to meet the required demand is only at the cost of other important assets of the country. This gap between demand and supply can be partially met by appropriate energy conservation schemes through energy audit- a scientific approach for balancing the supply and demand. India has to go a long way ahead in it, therefore, energy audit has been initiated at vulnerable energy consuming places. This paper presents the effectiveness of energy audit strategy in achieving energy conservation. The energy audit of Shrama Shakti Bhavan, an office complex at New Delhi, has been taken as a case study. (author). 2 refs., 12 tabs

Energy at what price? Energy markets

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Favennec, J.P.; Amic, E.; Darmois, G.

2006-01-01

In 2005, the whole world had to stand a real energy shock due to the rise of oil, gas and electricity prices. The perspective of a possible shortage, even at the prospect of several decades, has led to a deep change of the world energy market. In this context, this book supplies a clear and didactical presentation of the mechanisms of petroleum, gas and electricity markets, with their advantages and limitations. At the time of a globalization of economy, the book analyzes the consequences of markets deregulation on the energy prices and tries to answer several main questions: why such a price volatility? Who will take the risk of investing now? Will the energy actors of the present day concentration be in a dominating position? Content: 1 - energy, markets and energy markets; 2 - crude oil and petroleum product markets; 3 - gas markets; 4 - electric power markets; 5 - perspectives. Glossary. Index. (J.S.)

For a rational energy transition based on nuclear energy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chalmin, Philippe

2014-06-01

After having recalled the meaning of the concept of energy transition, and stated that this concept is a fuzzy one, this paper addresses the issue of the future of energy through the concept of Energy returned on Energy invested (EROI). It discusses this approach by outlining that energy is the initial driver of economy, and by showing that only hydroelectricity, coal, nuclear and wind energy have a sufficient return rate, and that shale gas is an energy source for the short and medium term. Then, based on data related to world energy resources and consumption, to electric power production from various sources, to pollution health impacts, to electricity prices for industries and for households, it discusses the sustainability of the energy mix regarding energy reserves, health issues, and economic issues. Some examples (Spain, Germany) illustrate economic problems faced by some renewable energies. Finally, the authors outline that, thanks to its nuclear policy, France is the western country which is the most committed in energy transition. Some proposals are made to support nuclear energy, to reduce the use of fossil energies, to launch an ambitious research policy (on energy storage, on photovoltaic energy, on CO 2 hydrogenation, on hydrogen as a fuel), in favour of energy mixes decided at national levels in Europe

ECOWAS renewable energy and energy efficiency status report - 2014

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Auth, Katie; Musolino, Evan; Thomas, Tristram; Adebiyi, Adeola; Reiss, Karin; Semedo, Eder; Williamson, Laura E.; Chawla, Kanika; Diarra, Charles

2014-01-01

In recent years, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), comprising 15 Member States, it has emerged as one of the most active and dynamic regional economic communities on the African continent. Expanding access to modern, reliable, and affordable energy services is a key priority, prompting inter-state cooperation in crucial areas including capacity building, policy development and implementation, and investment. Recognising the critical role that sustainable energy plays in catalysing social, economic, and industrial development across the region, ECOWAS Member States formally inaugurated the ECOWAS Centre for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (ECREEE) in 2010 to 'contribute to the sustainable economic, social and environmental development of West Africa by improving access to modern, reliable and affordable energy services, energy security and reduction of energy related externalities'. Drawing on data from the ECOWAS Observatory for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (ECOWREX) and a network of contributors and researchers across the region, the ECOWAS Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Status Report supports ECREEE's efforts to increase the deployment of renewable energy and energy efficiency in West Africa by providing a comprehensive regional review of renewable energy and energy efficiency developments, evolving policy landscapes, market trends and related activities, investments in renewable energy and off-grid energy solutions, and the crucial nexus between energy access and gender

Energy researchers - 1. Energy efficiency: Energy efficiency is driving innovation; No economic crisis for energy efficiency; How can we change our energy habits?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Minster, Jean-Francois; Appert, Olivier; Moisan, Francois; Salha, Bernard; Tardieu, Bernard; Ghidaglia, Jean-Michel; Viterbo, Jerome

2011-01-01

A first article comments how the race to achieve energy efficiency is driving the emergence of new technologies in transportation and construction (hybrid cars, phase change material, digital mock-ups, and so on). The example of the AGV is evoked, a new version of the TGV developed by Alstom which will run faster and consume less energy. A second article outlines that, due to the support from public authorities and to an increased awareness of energy costs and environmental challenges, the energy savings market is booming. Then, in an interview, a sociologist of the ADEME comments the difficulty of changing habits in terms of energy savings

Energy Technology.

Science.gov (United States)

Eaton, William W.

Reviewed are technological problems faced in energy production including locating, recovering, developing, storing, and distributing energy in clean, convenient, economical, and environmentally satisfactory manners. The energy resources of coal, oil, natural gas, hydroelectric power, nuclear energy, solar energy, geothermal energy, winds, tides,…

Collecting Solar Energy. Solar Energy Education Project.

Science.gov (United States)

O'Brien, Alexander

This solar energy learning module for use with junior high school students offers a list of activities, a pre-post test, job titles, basic solar energy vocabulary, and diagrams of solar energy collectors and installations. The purpose is to familiarize students with applications of solar energy and titles of jobs where this knowledge could be…

Australian energy statistics - Australian energy update 2005

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Donaldson, K.

2005-06-15

ABARE's energy statistics include comprehensive coverage of Australian energy consumption, by state, by industry and by fuel. Australian Energy Update 2005 provides an overview of recent trends and description of the full coverage of the dataset. There are 14 Australian energy statistical tables available as free downloads (product codes 13172 to 13185).