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Sample records for beb based dcf

  1. Enhancing MAC performance of DCF protocol for IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs

    Science.gov (United States)

    Choi, Woo-Yong

    2017-01-01

    The DCF (Distributed Coordination Function) is the basic MAC (Medium Access Control) protocol of IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs and compatible with various IEEE 802.11 PHY extensions. The performance of the DCF degrades exponentially as the number of nodes participating in the DCF transmission procedure increases. To deal with this problem, we propose a simple, however efficient modification of the DCF by which the performance of the DCF is greatly enhanced.

  2. Asymptotic performance modelling of DCF protocol with prioritized channel access

    Science.gov (United States)

    Choi, Woo-Yong

    2017-11-01

    Recently, the modification of the DCF (Distributed Coordination Function) protocol by the prioritized channel access was proposed to resolve the problem that the DCF performance worsens exponentially as more nodes exist in IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs. In this paper, an asymptotic analytical performance model is presented to analyze the MAC performance of the DCF protocol with the prioritized channel access.

  3. Results for the Brine Evaporation Bag (BEB) Brine Processing Test

    Science.gov (United States)

    Delzeit, Lance; Flynn, Michael; Fisher, John; Shaw, Hali; Kawashima, Brian; Beeler, David; Howard, Kevin

    2015-01-01

    The recent Brine Processing Test compared the NASA Forward Osmosis Brine Dewatering (FOBD), Paragon Ionomer Water Processor (IWP), UMPQUA Ultrasonic Brine Dewatering System (UBDS), and the NASA Brine Evaporation Bag (BEB). This paper reports the results of the BEB. The BEB was operated at 70 deg C and a base pressure of 12 torr. The BEB was operated in a batch mode, and processed 0.4L of brine per batch. Two different brine feeds were tested, a chromic acid-urine brine and a chromic acid-urine-hygiene mix brine. The chromic acid-urine brine, known as the ISS Alternate Pretreatment Brine, had an average processing rate of 95 mL/hr with a specific power of 5kWhr/L. The complete results of these tests will be reported within this paper.

  4. Randomized Multicenter Phase II Study of Modified Docetaxel, Cisplatin, and Fluorouracil (DCF) Versus DCF Plus Growth Factor Support in Patients With Metastatic Gastric Adenocarcinoma: A Study of the US Gastric Cancer Consortium.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shah, Manish A; Janjigian, Yelena Y; Stoller, Ronald; Shibata, Stephen; Kemeny, Margaret; Krishnamurthi, Smitha; Su, Yungpo Bernard; Ocean, Allyson; Capanu, Marinela; Mehrotra, Bhoomi; Ritch, Paul; Henderson, Charles; Kelsen, David P

    2015-11-20

    Docetaxel, cisplatin, and fluorouracil (DCF) is a standard first-line three-drug chemotherapy regimen for advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma and is associated with significant toxicity. We examined the safety and efficacy of a modified DCF (mDCF) regimen in a randomized multicenter phase II study. Previously untreated patients with metastatic gastric or GEJ adenocarcinoma were randomly assigned to receive either mDCF (fluorouracil 2,000 mg/m2 intravenously [IV] over 48 hours, docetaxel 40 mg/m2 IV on day 1, cisplatin 40 mg/m2 IV on day 3, every 2 weeks) or parent DCF (docetaxel 75 mg/m2, cisplatin 75 mg/m2, and fluorouracil 750 mg/m2 IV over 5 days with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, every 3 weeks). The study had 90% power to differentiate between 6-month progression-free survival of 26% and 43%, with type I and II error rates of 10% each. An early stopping rule for toxicity was included, defined as grade 3 to 4 adverse event rate > 70% in the first 3 months. From November 2006 to June 2010, 85 evaluable patients were enrolled (male, n = 61; female, n = 24; median age, 58 years; Karnofsky performance status, 90%; GEJ, n = 28; gastric, 57). mDCF (n = 54) toxicity rates included 54% grade 3 to 4 toxicity (22% hospitalized) within the first 3 months and 76% grade 3 to 4 toxicity over the course of treatment. The DCF arm (n = 31) closed early because of toxicity, with rates of 71% grade 3 to 4 toxicity (52% hospitalized) within 3 months and 90% grade 3 to 4 toxicity over the course of treatment. Six-month PFS was 63% (95% CI, 48% to 75%) for mDCF and 53% (95% CI, 34% to 69%) for DCF. Median overall survival was improved for mDCF (18.8 v 12.6 months; P = .007). mDCF is less toxic than parent DCF, even when supported with growth factors, and is associated with improved efficacy. mDCF should be considered a standard first-line option for patients with metastatic gastric or GEJ adenocarcinoma.

  5. O bebê imaginado na gestação: aspectos teóricos e empíricos El bebé imaginado en el embarazo: aspectos teóricos y empíricos The imagined baby during pregnancy: theoretical an empirical aspects

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andrea Gabriela Ferrari

    2007-08-01

    Full Text Available Com base na literatura, discute-se neste artigo a construção do bebê imaginado feita pela mãe durante a gestação. São apresentados relatos de quatro gestantes que no início do estudo se encontravam no terceiro trimestre gestacional. Elas foram entrevistadas, no final da gestação e no terceiro e oitavo mês de vida do bebê. Nestas entrevistas abordavam-se os sentimentos e expectativas sobre a maternidade e sobre o bebê. A partir da teorização psicanalítica analisaram-se os relatos das gestantes sobre o bebê imaginado no qual a mãe investe a sua libido no intuito de constituir espaço subjetivo para receber o bebê da realidade. A partir deste estudo sugere-se que o bebê imaginado tem um importante impacto para a futura interação mãe-bebê.Con base en la literatura, se discute en este artículo la construcción del bebé imaginado hecha por la madre durante el embarazo. Se presentan relatos de cuatro embarazadas que al inicio del estudio estaban en el tercer trimestre gestacional. Las entrevistas se hicieron al final del embarazo, en el tercer y octavo mes de vida del bebé. En estas entrevistas se abordaban los sentimientos y expectativas sobre la maternidad y sobre el bebé. A partir de la teoría psicoanalítica, se analizaron los relatos de las embarazadas sobre el bebé imaginado, en el que la madre invierte su libido con el objetivo de constituir un espacio subjetivo para recibir al bebé de la realidad. A partir de este estudio se sugiere que el bebé imaginado tiene un impacto importante para la futura interacción madre-bebé.Based on the literature, the mother's construction of the imagined baby during pregnancy is discussed. Reports of pregnant women who were in the third trimester of pregnancy at the beginning of the study are presented. They were interviewed at the end of pregnancy and in the baby's third and eighth month. In these interviews the feelings and expectations concerning motherhood and the baby were

  6. openBEB: open biological experiment browser for correlative measurements.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ramakrishnan, Chandrasekhar; Bieri, Andrej; Sauter, Nora; Roizard, Sophie; Ringler, Philippe; Müller, Shirley A; Goldie, Kenneth N; Enimanev, Kaloyan; Stahlberg, Henning; Rinn, Bernd; Braun, Thomas

    2014-03-26

    New experimental methods must be developed to study interaction networks in systems biology. To reduce biological noise, individual subjects, such as single cells, should be analyzed using high throughput approaches. The measurement of several correlative physical properties would further improve data consistency. Accordingly, a considerable quantity of data must be acquired, correlated, catalogued and stored in a database for subsequent analysis. We have developed openBEB (open Biological Experiment Browser), a software framework for data acquisition, coordination, annotation and synchronization with database solutions such as openBIS. OpenBEB consists of two main parts: A core program and a plug-in manager. Whereas the data-type independent core of openBEB maintains a local container of raw-data and metadata and provides annotation and data management tools, all data-specific tasks are performed by plug-ins. The open architecture of openBEB enables the fast integration of plug-ins, e.g., for data acquisition or visualization. A macro-interpreter allows the automation and coordination of the different modules. An update and deployment mechanism keeps the core program, the plug-ins and the metadata definition files in sync with a central repository. The versatility, the simple deployment and update mechanism, and the scalability in terms of module integration offered by openBEB make this software interesting for a large scientific community. OpenBEB targets three types of researcher, ideally working closely together: (i) Engineers and scientists developing new methods and instruments, e.g., for systems-biology, (ii) scientists performing biological experiments, (iii) theoreticians and mathematicians analyzing data. The design of openBEB enables the rapid development of plug-ins, which will inherently benefit from the "house keeping" abilities of the core program. We report the use of openBEB to combine live cell microscopy, microfluidic control and visual

  7. Traumatismo dental en bebés

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    Antonio Jose da Silva Nogueira

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available Las ocurrencias traumáticas pueden traer consecuencias desagradables tanto en lo físico como en lo estético, como en el aspecto psicológico. Los traumas sufridos por bebés traen situaciones casi irreparables en el momento, tales como las limitaciones inherentes a la edad del paciente cuando aún es bebé. Las soluciones protésicas, por ejemplo, son casi siempre descartadas porque la edad del paciente es incompatible con el uso de una prótesis. Así, como ésta, también ocurren muchas otras situaciones, limitando un tratamiento inmediato y representando para el paciente un problema a ser resuelto. Por lo tanto, en el trabajo se hace una revisión de la bibliografía que aborda el traumatismo dental en bebés y comentarios sobre los exámenes a realizar, siempre considerando la edad, crecimiento y desarrollo, además de relatar las consecuencias de esos traumatismos en esta franja etaria inicial de vida como resultado. Finalmente, trata de alertar a los responsables de los niños de los cuidados de emergencia que se deben tener en algunas ocurrencias de traumatismos dentales en bebés.

  8. Vinculacão em mães adolescentes e seus bebés

    OpenAIRE

    Jongenelen, Ines; Soares, Isabel; Grossmann, Karin; Martins, Carla

    2006-01-01

    Neste artigo, as autoras apresentam uma investigação empírica com mães adolescentes e seus bebés, conduzida sob a perspectiva da Teoria da Vinculação de Bowlby. Quarenta adolescentes e seus bebés foram avaliados na gravidez e 12.º mês do pós‑parto, com base, respectivamente, na Adult Attachment Interview e na Situação Estranha. Os resultados revelam que a maioria dos bebés apresenta uma organização de vinculação segura à mãe, aos 12 meses de idade. Não foi encontrada uma associação significat...

  9. A Key Factor of the DCF Model Coherency

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    Piotr Adamczyk

    2017-04-01

    Full Text Available Aim/purpose - The aim of this paper is to provide economically justified evidence that the business value calculated by income valuation methods is the same, regardless of the type of cash flow used in the valuation algorithm. Design/methodology/approach - The evidence was arrived at using free cash flow to equity (FCFE, debt (FCFD and firm (FCFF. The article draws attention to the FCFF method's particular popularity in income valuation, based on analysts' practice. It shows an overview of various approaches to determine the capital structure in the formula for WACC, both in practice and theory. Finally, it examines an empirical example with the authors' own derivations and postulates. Findings - The conclusion drawn from the conducted analysis is that the key to the reconciliation process, and thus DCF model coherency, is to apply the appropriate method of capital structure estimation during the calculation of the weighted average cost of capital (WACC. This capital structure will henceforth be referred to as 'income weights'. Research implications/limitations - It should be noted that the obtained compliance of valuation results does not imply that the income valuation becomes an objective way of determining business value. It still remains subjective. Originality/value/contribution - According to the presented approach, the DCF model's subjectivism is limited to the forecasts. The rest is the algorithm which, based on the principles of mathematics, should be used in the same way in every situation.

  10. Encías sanas : Bebés sanos

    OpenAIRE

    Caride, Facundo; Rodríguez, Claudia Noemí; Yanutan, Nora Cristian; Palau, Juan Pablo

    2017-01-01

    La relación entre la infección periodontal durante el embarazo y el nacimiento de bebés prematuros de bajo peso está científicamente comprobada. Dada la alta incidencia de embarazo y prevalencia de enfermedades gingivoperiodontales en adolescentes, decidimos abordar ambas problemáticas en este proyecto de extensión. Se desarrollaron actividades educativas con el objetivo de lograr la prevención de las mismas y contribuir a la disminuición de la cantidad de partos prematuros y bebés de bajo pe...

  11. Teatro para bebês : processos criativos, dramaturgia e escuta

    OpenAIRE

    Cabral, Fernanda Alvarenga

    2016-01-01

    A presente pesquisa investiga o chamado ‘teatro para bebês’ a partir da análise e elaboração de seus processos criativos com o objetivo de identificar as principais características que conformam essa poética. Pretende-se argumentar sobre a arte feita para a primeira infância como uma atividade de pesquisa do ator-diretor-autor-compositor que se dá por meio da observação dos bebês no ambiente das creches. Dotado de um pluralismo metodológico, esse estudo se desenvolve a partir da análise das o...

  12. Transformações no Envolvimento Paterno ao Longo dos Seis Primeiros Meses do Bebê na Creche

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    Marília Reginato Gabriel

    Full Text Available Resumo Este trabalho investigou o envolvimento de pais com seus bebês e com a creche nos seis primeiros meses de frequência do bebê no berçário. Por meio de um estudo de caso coletivo de caráter longitudinal, quatro pais responderam a entrevistas em três momentos: entrada do bebê na creche, um mês e 6 meses depois da entrada. Análise de conteúdo qualitativa indicou que tanto a creche como o desenvolvimento do bebê foram aliados do pai para a retomada do trabalho e da vida conjugal. O estudo mostra a importância de se levar em consideração as necessidades e competências do pai que está envolvido no cuidado ao bebê.

  13. Depressão materna e interação mãe-bebê no final do primeiro ano de vida

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    Daniela Delias de Sousa Schwengber

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi o de examinar eventuais diferenças na interação mãe-bebê entre mães com e sem depressão no final do primeiro ano de vida do bebê. Participaram 26 díades mãe-bebê, 11 com mães com indicadores de depressão e 15 com mães sem indicadores. A designação aos dois grupos ocorreu com base nos escores do Inventário Beck de Depressão. Análise dos totais de comportamentos maternos e infantis durante sessão de observação do brinquedo livre revelou que mães com indicadores de depressão apresentaram menos comportamentos facilitadores da exploração de brinquedos pelos bebês enquanto seus filhos mostraram mais afeto negativo. Além disso, mães com indicadores de depressão evidenciaram mais apatia, mantiveram menos a atenção de seus filhos nos brinquedos e demonstraram menos ternura e afeição e seus bebês apresentaram mais vocalizações negativas. Esses resultados apóiam as expectativas de que a depressão materna pode ocasionar um impacto negativo na interação mãe-bebê.

  14. Envolvimento paterno aos três meses de vida do bebê

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    Cesar Augusto Piccinini

    Full Text Available O presente estudo investigou o envolvimento paterno aos três meses de vida do bebê. Foram entrevistados 38 pais primíparos, com idades entre 20 e 40 anos. Realizou-se uma análise de conteúdo baseada nas dimensões do conceito de envolvimento paterno: interação, acessibilidade e responsabilidade. Os pais revelaram envolverem-se nas atividades de cuidado, embora nem sempre de maneira rotineira. Também relataram preocupações e envolvimento nas decisões relativas aos cuidados, educação e saúde do bebê. Contudo, consideravam que sua participação estava aquém da ideal em função das restrições impostas pelo trabalho. Os resultados apontam para um aumento no envolvimento paterno nos primeiros meses do bebê e para a necessidade de apoio aos pais neste momento de transição familiar.

  15. Transição para a parentalidade no contexto de cardiopatia congênita do bebê

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    Cristina Saling Kruel

    Full Text Available O estudo objetivou investigar o processo de transição para a parentalidade no contexto de cardiopatia congênita do bebê. Participaram do estudo quatro casais, cujos filhos nasceram com malformação cardíaca. Utilizou-se delineamento de estudo de caso coletivo. Mãe e pai foram entrevistados sobre os primeiros momentos após o nascimento do bebê e a experiência da maternidade e da paternidade, respectivamente. Análise de conteúdo indicou que o diagnóstico de cardiopatia do bebê interfere no processo de parentalização. Destacou-se a intensa preocupação das mães com a sobrevivência dos bebês, evidenciada por meio da dedicação exclusiva a eles. Os pais demonstram-se envolvidos com seus filhos, assumindo também a tarefa de proteger as mães. Conclui-se que os sentimentos relativos à parentalidade focalizaram-se na sobrevivência do bebê.

  16. Performance Analysis of IEEE 802.11e (EDCF) and IEEE 802.11(DCF) WLAN Incorporating Different Physical Layer Standards

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sharma, V.; Singh, H.; Malhotra, J.

    2012-12-01

    Medium access coordination function basically implements the distributed coordination function (DCF) which provides support to best effort services but limited to QoS services. Subsequently, a new standard, namely enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) is reported. The IEEE 802.11e (EDCA) defines MAC procedures to support QoS requirements which specifies distributed contention based access scheme to access the shared wireless media. This paper evaluates the performance of EDCA based IEEE 802.11 WLAN for various access categories (ACs) using OPNET™ Modeller 14.5. Further, the computed results are compared with DCF protocols in terms of QoS parameters. Furthermore, the simulative observation is reported at data rate of 54 Mbps using different physical layer protocols such as IEEE 802.11a/b/g to stumble on the best one to be implemented with EDCF to achieve improved QoS.

  17. Power budget improvement of symmetric 40 Gb/s TWDM based PON2 system utilizing DMLs and DCF technique

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bindhaiq, Salem; Zulkifli, Nadiatulhuda; Supa'at, Abu Sahmah M.; Idrus, Sevia M.; Salleh, M. S.

    2018-01-01

    In this paper, we propose to use optical dispersion compensation based on the widely deployed compensating fiber (DCF) employing directly modulated lasers (DMLs) to improve the power budget in a symmetric 40 Gb/s time and wavelength division multiplexed-passive optical network (TWDM-PON) systems. The DML output waveforms in terms of output optical power, bandwidth enhancement factor (α) characteristics are investigated in order to minimize the effect of DML chirp and improve the transmission performance. Simulation results show dispersion compensation of up to 140 km of SMF with power budget of 56.6 dB and less than 2 dB dispersion penalty. The feasibility of bandwidth enhancement factor and power budget is also investigated. The simulation results indicate sufficient dispersion compensation for TWDM-PON based on DML transmission, which may vary considerably in their practical demonstration due to different system characterization.

  18. Performance Analysis of Non-saturated IEEE 802.11 DCF Networks

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhai, Linbo; Zhang, Xiaomin; Xie, Gang

    This letter presents a model with queueing theory to analyze the performance of non-saturated IEEE 802.11 DCF networks. We use the closed queueing network model and derive an approximate representation of throughput which can reveal the relationship between the throughput and the total offered load under finite traffic load conditions. The accuracy of the model is verified by extensive simulations.

  19. Desenvolvimento motor e cognitivo de bebês de mães adolescentes e adultas: estudo longitudinal

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    Luana Silva de Borba

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2015v17n4p438   Este estudo teve como objetivos investigar em bebês de mães adolescentes e adultas: (1 os fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento infantil; (2 as mudanças cognitivas e motoras ao longo de quatro meses, (3 as correlações entre o desenvolvimento motor e cognitivo ao longo de quatro meses. Estudo longitudinal com 40 bebês, 20 nascidos de mães adolescentes e 20 de mães adultas, provenientes dos municípios de Porto Alegre e Butiá, no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Foram realizadas três avaliações do desenvolvimento motor e cognitivo, utilizando a Alberta Motor Infant Scale (AIMS e Bayley Scale of Infant Development II. Na postura supina da AIMS, observou-se diferença significativa entre os grupos na terceira avaliação. Os bebês das mães adolescentes apresentaram escores mais baixos em relação aos bebês de mães adultas. Os escores motores de cada postura da AIMS e o escore total AIMS apresentaram diferença significativa ao longo do tempo em geral e em cada grupo. O escore mental bruto da Bayley-II também apresentou diferença significativa ao longo do tempo em geral e em cada grupo. Observou-se associação positiva, forte e significativa entre os escores totais da AIMS e Bayley em todos os três momentos de avaliação no grupo de bebês de mães adolescentes e adultas. Pode-se concluir que bebês de mães adolescentes apresentaram-se piores na postura supina em relação aos bebês de mães adultas. Os desenvolvimentos motor e cognitivo se associaram significativamente em ambos os grupos ao longo do tempo.

  20. As representações maternas acerca do bebê que nasce com doenças orgânicas graves

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    Ethel Cukierkorn Battikha

    Full Text Available O nascimento de um bebê com doenças orgânicas graves tem profundas implicações na constituição do vínculo inicial mãe-bebê. O objetivo desta pesquisa é a investigação das representações psíquicas maternas acerca desse nascimento. Este estudo qualitativo está fundamentado no campo teórico-psicanalítico. Foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas, individuais, com 11 mães no período de internação do bebê na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos ao método de análise de conteúdo e revelaram que o nascimento do bebê com alterações orgânicas afeta a função materna já que desorganiza as representações que eram antes dirigidas ao bebê sadio imaginado, marcando uma tendência recorrente à equivalência desse bebê ao diagnóstico de sua doença. Este nascimento implica, portanto, o luto pelo filho desejado e o decréscimo da auto-estima materna. A participação nas entrevistas teve efeitos terapêuticos, sugerindo a necessidade de uma escuta analítica dessas mães durante o período de permanência do bebê na instituição hospitalar.

  1. DCF Fair Value Valuation, Excessive Assetes and Hidden Inefficiencies

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    Paweł Mielcarz

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Fair value concept is widely used in DCF (Discounted Cash Flow  business valuation. One of the main principle of fair value concept is full information symmetry between contracting parties. The assumption enforces specific way of FCF (Free Cash Flow estimation: all areas of inefficiency of valuated companies should be identified and their effect on free cash flow should be eliminated. The projection of free cash flow thus prepared should reflect the optimum operations of the business. The methodological issues of fair value valuation of inefficient companies are not comprehensibly addressed in the financial and accounting literature. There is easily observable gap between fair value theory and valuation practices. Thus this article is an attempt to answer the question about practical issues in fair value valuation of companies which do not apply value based management rules. It is based on literature review, theory examination and short case studies which present proposed solution for practical problems. Methods of identification and assessment of impact of inefficiencies on the fair value of a business are hereinafter presented and supported with arguments.

  2. Bebê de risco: acompanhando o crescimento infantil no primeiro ano de vida Bebé de riesgo: acompañando el crecimiento infantil en el primer año de vida At-risk infants: monitoring children's growth in the first year of life

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    Anelize Helena Sassá

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Acompanhar o crescimento de bebês de risco no primeiro ano de vida. MÉTODOS: Estudo analítico, do tipo coorte, realizado com 237 bebês nascidos em Maringá - PR, entre 1º de maio a 31 de outubro de 2008, incluídOs no Programa de Vigilância do Bebê de Risco. RESULTADOS: As alterações de crescimento estiveram presentes em 188 (79,3% bebês e ocorreram sobretudo, após o 1º trimestre de vida. A velocidade de crescimento abaixo da esperada apresentou associação estatística com idade materna menor que 18 anos, tempo de estudo inferior a 8 anos, presença de anomalia congênita, peso ao nascer maior ou igual a 2.500g e nascimento a termo. CONCLUSÃO: A avaliação do crescimento dos bebês de risco deve abarcar uma análise multidimensional, considerando os aspectos biológicos e maturacionais específicos a cada condição de risco e a adaptação do bebê e de sua família nesse percurso evolutivo.OBJETIVO: Acompañar el crecimiento de bebés de riesgo en el primer año de vida. MÉTODOS: Se trata de un estudio analítico, de tipo cohorte, realizado con 237 bebés nacidos en Maringá - PR, entre el 1º de mayo al 31 de octubre del 2008, incluídos en el Programa de Vigilancia del Bebé de Riesgo. RESULTADOS: Las alteraciones de crecimiento estuvieron presentes en 188 (79,3% bebés y ocurrieron sobre todo, después del 1º trimestre de vida. La velocidad de crecimiento debajo de la esperada presentó asociación estadística con edad materna menor de 18 años, tiempo de estudio inferior a 8 años, presencia de anomalía congénita, peso al nacer mayor o igual a 2.500 gr. y nacimiento a término. CONCLUSIÓN: La evaluación del crecimiento de los bebés de riesgo debe abarcar un análisis multidimensional, considerando los aspectos biológicos y de madurez específicos a cada condición de riesgo y la adaptación del bebé y su familia en ese recorrido evolutivo.OBJECTIVE: To monitor the growth of high-risk babies in the first

  3. Mediated effect of ultrasound treated Diclofenac on mussel hemocytes: First evidence for the involvement of respiratory burst enzymes in the induction of DCF-mediated unspecific mode of action.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Toufexi, Eirini; Dailianis, Stefanos; Vlastos, Dimitris; Manariotis, Ioannis D

    2016-06-01

    The present study investigates the toxic behavior of diclofenac (DCF) before and after its ultrasound (US) treatment, as well as the involvement of intracellular target molecules, such as NADPH oxidase and NO synthase, in the DCF-induced adverse effects on hemocytes of mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. In this context, appropriate volumes (350 and 500mL) of DCF solutions (at concentrations of 2, 2.5, 5 and 10mgL(-1)) were treated under different ultrasound operating conditions (frequency at 582 and 862kHz, electric power density at 133 and 167W) for assessing US method efficiency. In parallel, DCF and US DCF-mediated cytotoxic (in terms of cell viability measured with the use of neutral red uptake/NRU method), oxidative (in terms of superoxide anions/(.)O2(-), nitric oxides such as NO2(-) and lipid peroxidation products, such as malondialdehyde/MDA content) and genotoxic (DNA damage measured by the use of Comet assay method) effects were investigated in hemocytes exposed for 1h to 5, 10 and 100ngL(-1) and 1, 10 and 20μgL(-1) of DCF. The involvement of NADPH oxidase and NO synthase to the DCF-induced toxicity was further investigated by the use of 10μΜ L-NAME, a NO synthase inhibitor and 10μΜ DPI, a NADPH oxidase inhibitor. According to the results, 350mL of 2mgL(-1) DCF showed higher degradation (>50%) under 167W electric power density and frequency at 862kHz for 120min, compared to degradation in all other cases, followed by a significant elimination of its toxicity. Specifically, US DCF-treated hemocytes showed a significant attenuation of DCF-mediated cytotoxic, oxidative and genotoxic effects, which appeared to be caused by NADPH oxidase and NO synthase activation, since their inhibition was followed by a significant elimination of (.)O2(-) and NO2(-) generation and the concomitant oxidative damage within cells. The results of the present study showed for the first time that unspecific mode of action of DCF, associated with the induction of NADPH oxidase

  4. Valuation: From The Discounted Cash Flows (DCF Approach To The Real Options Approach (ROA Valuation: From The Discounted Cash Flows (DCF Approach To The Real Options Approach (ROA

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    Cecilia Maya Ochoa

    2004-12-01

    Full Text Available There exists an abysm between market prices and traditional valuation approaches such as Discounted Cash Flows (DCF, a fact that neither academics nor practitioners could continue ignoring. Recently, a complementary approach has taken a foothold into the valuation world. Building on the DCF approach yet going further in the sense of incorporating flexibility in management investment decisions, and taking advantage of the advances in option pricing theory, the real options approach (ROA has become the alternative to capital budgeting and, lately, to corporate valuation. Empirical evidence shows that ROA explains actual prices better than DCF approaches and nowadays there is no question that from a theoretical point of view, ROA is a much more appealing concept than passive NPV. However, its acceptance by practitioners has been very slow due to the complexity of real options pricing.Existe un abismo entre precios de Mercado y la valoración estimada por métodos tradicionales tales como Flujos de Caja Descontados, un hecho que ni académicos ni practicantes pueden continuar ignorando. Recientemente, una metodología complementaria ha tomado gran fuerza. Partiendo de los Flujos de Caja Descontados, pero incorporando flexibilidad en las decisiones de inversión y aprovechando los avances en la teoría de valoración de opciones, el enfoque de opciones reales (ROA se ha convertido en la alternativa para presupuestación de capital y valoración de empresas. La evidencia empírica muestra que ROA explica los precios de mercado mejor que los enfoques basados en flujos de caja descontados y, hoy en día, no hay discusión de que es más atractivo desde un punto de vista teórico; sin embargo, su utilización en la práctica ha sido muy limitada debido a las dificultades que presenta la valoración de las opciones reales.

  5. Diseñado para bebés. Objetos y prácticas en el primer año de vida

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pablo de Grande

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo se presentan resultados de investigación sobre la vida cotidiana de bebés en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. En el mismo se proponen como objetivos (1 rastrear el mundo de prácticas y objetos ligados a la crianza y cuidado de bebés; (2 evaluar la prevalencia del uso de objetos diseñados para bebés por oposición a la elección de objetos de uso general; (3 identificar los sentidos, razones y formas de legitimación de las prácticas y objetos utilizados y (4 analizar efectos no previstos asociados a los mismos. La información utilizada consiste en 14 entrevistas realizadas en hogares con bebés de 7 a 12 meses. Como principales resultados se destacan una presencia amplia de objetos específicos, niveles heterogéneos de adopción de los mismos, fuerte vinculación entre el éxito de los objetos diseñados y su capacidad de habilitar a los padres a realizar actividades en simultáneo al cuidado del bebé.

  6. Voz cantada e a constituição da relação mãe-bebê

    OpenAIRE

    Mello,Enio Lopes; Maia,Suzana Magalhães; Andrada e Silva,Marta Assumpção de

    2009-01-01

    TEMA: refletir sobre uma faceta da constituição da relação mãe-bebê, que se fez presente no uso criativo da voz cantada da mãe, na comunicação com o seu bebê. PROCEDIMENTOS: o único sujeito desse estudo é uma mãe, que se submeteu a oito sessões de terapias corporais associadas à emissão da voz cantada, sempre dirigidas ao bebê; as sessões transcorreram com a possibilidade de expressão livre pela fala e gesto da mãe e a escuta do terapeuta. RESULTADOS: o quadro que a mãe apresentava em relação...

  7. Haz que tu bebé nazca protegido contra la tosferina(Born with Protection against Whooping Cough)

    Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Podcasts

    Este podcast provee información acerca de la tosferina, una enfermedad que puede ser mortal para los bebés, y la recomendación de los CDC de que todas las mujeres reciban la vacuna Tdap durante el tercer trimestre de cada embarazo para que su bebé nazca con protección contra esta grave enfermedad.

  8. Influencia de la salud bucal durante el embarazo en la salud del futuro bebé

    OpenAIRE

    Díaz Valdés, Liuba; Valle Lizama, Raúl Luis

    2015-01-01

    Fundamento: El embarazo se relaciona con una mayor incidencia de caries y gingivitis. Objetivo: Profundizar en el conocimiento sobre la influencia de estas afecciones bucales en la salud del futuro bebé. Conclusiones: El embarazo genera adaptaciones en la fisiología femenina las cuales pueden repercutir en la salud bucal de la gestante. Las afecciones bucales más frecuentes son la caries dental y la gingivitis, estas si no son tratadas a tiempo pueden afectar la salud del futuro bebé. Back...

  9. Early neurobehavioral development of preterm infants Desenvolvimento neurocomportamental inicial de bebês prematuros

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paula Stefaneli Ziotti Gabriel

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available The aim of the present study was to assess the very early neurobehavioral development of preterm infants and to examine differences regarding sex. Two-hundred and two preterm infants were assessed by the Neurobehavioral Assessment of the Preterm Infant (NAPI, which was carried out at 32-37 weeks post-conceptional age in the hospital setting. The infants' performance was compared to a norm-referenced sample and a comparison between groups regarding sex was also done. In comparison to the NAPI norm-reference, the preterm infants showed less muscular tonicity on the scarf sign, less vigor and spontaneous movement, higher alertness and orientation, weaker cry, and more sleep state. There was no statistical difference between males and females preterm infants at NAPI performances.O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o desenvolvimento neurocomportamental inicial de bebês prematuros e examinar as diferenças quanto ao sexo. Foram avaliados 202 bebês nascidos pré-termo pela Avaliação Neurocomportamental para Prematuros (NAPI, que foi realizada na fase de 32-37 semanas de idade pós-concepcional no contexto hospitalar. O desempenho dos bebês no NAPI foi comparado com a amostra de padronização do instrumento e também foi feita a comparação entre grupos diferenciados pelo sexo. Em relação à amostra de padronização, os bebês deste estudo apresentaram menor tonicidade muscular no sinal de cachecol, menor vigor e movimento espontâneo, mais alerta e orientação, choro mais fraco e mais estado de sono. Houve um padrão semelhante de desempenho neurocomportamental dos meninos e meninas nascidos prematuros.

  10. Odontología para bebés: una posibilidad práctica de promoción de salud bucal

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marina Moscardini Vilela

    2017-07-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo. Revisar la literatura sobre la filosofía en Odontología para Bebés. Síntesis de datos. A pesar de que la promoción de la salud es muy practicada en todas las áreas de la salud, la odontología se caracteriza por restar importancia a la prevención de enfermedades bucales y a los tratamientos preventivos, cuando estos son realizados, ya los dientes deciduos se encuentran altamente comprometidos por la caries dental. Los resultados alcanzados a través de la enseñanza de tratamiento odontológico a bebés, en diferentes partes del mundo, tienen un futuro promisorio, ya que enfatiza las particularidades de su crecimiento y desarrollo infantil, considera al bebé como un todo, y no solamente desde el punto de vista de salud bucal. Conclusiones. La buena práctica de la odontología para bebés brinda la posibilidad de fomentar la salud y prevenir la enfermedad, de una forma muy simple, eficaz y de bajo costo.

  11. Psicoterapia breve pais-bebê: revisando a literatura Short-term parent-infant psychotherapy: a review of the literature

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    Luiz Carlos Prado

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo apresenta uma revisão da literatura a respeito da psicoterapia breve pais-bebê. Inicialmente são apresentados aspectos históricos, desde o surgimento da psicoterapia breve, passando pelas formulações teóricas que enfatizaram a importância das relações iniciais pais-bebê até a constituição do campo da psicoterapia breve pais-bebê propriamente dita. Constata-se que várias abordagens compõem o panorama atual das psicoterapias pais-bebê, as quais apresentam uma ampla diversidade de referenciais teóricos e técnicos. Foram também revisados, em particular, estudos empíricos sobre a utilização dessa abordagem no contexto da depressão materna. Por fim, apresentam-se os procedimentos utilizados pelos autores deste artigo em uma pesquisa em andamento envolvendo o atendimento psicoterápico breve pais-bebê em famílias com mães deprimidas. Essa abordagem tem se mostrado efetiva na promoção de um melhor relacionamento mãe-pai-bebê na presença sintomas depressivos da mãe.This article presents a review of the literature on short-term parent-infant psychotherapy. Initially, some historical aspects are presented since the emergence of short-term psychotherapy, including the theoretical formulations that highlighted the importance of early parent-infant relationships and helped to implement the field of short-term parent-infant psychotherapy. There are several approaches to parent-infant psychotherapy, representing a broad diversity of theoretical and technical frameworks. Empirical studies were also reviewed, especially those using parent-infant psychotherapy in the context of maternal depression. Finally, the authors' experience with short-term parent-infant psychotherapy involving families with depressive mothers was presented. This approach has shown to be effective in the promotion of better mother-father-infant relationship in the presence of maternal depressive symptoms.

  12. Fatores associados à não adaptação do bebê na creche: da gestação ao ingresso na instituição

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gabriela Dal Forno Martins

    Full Text Available Buscou-se identificar fatores associados à não adaptação do bebê na creche, tais como, temperamento do bebê, relações pais-bebê e crenças e práticas ligadas aos cuidados alternativos. Participaram quatro famílias, cujos bebês entraram na creche entre 10 e 12 meses de idade e foram retirados por não adaptação segundo avaliação dos pais. Realizou-se entrevistas na gestação, 3, 8 e 12 meses do bebê. Análise de conteúdo qualitativa revelou que os fatores mais relevantes na compreensão da não adaptação relacionaram-se à dinâmica da interação pais-bebê, a saber: sentimentos ligados à separação e forma com que os pais vivenciaram o ingresso na creche. Os resultados sugerem a importância de ações que promovam acolhimento à situação de separação pais-bebê na transição para a creche.

  13. De Ana-e-seu-bebê à Ana: um percurso clínico com Winnicott

    OpenAIRE

    Pinheiro, Nadja Nara Barbosa

    2013-01-01

    Segundo Winnicott, o nascimento de um bebê desencadeia em sua mãe um adoecimento/saudável que permite que esta exerça suas funções fundando condições facilitadoras ao desenvolvimento de seu filho. No caso clínico apresentado, um impasse nessa relação primordial precipitou a entrada em análise e ambos compareciam às sessões apresentando respostas à situação instaurada a partir de planos defensivos diferenciados: o adoecimento físico (bebê) e a fuga à intelectualidade (mãe). Apresentam-se algun...

  14. Contexto dos berçários e um programa de intervenção no desenvolvimento de bebés

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carla Skilhan Almeida

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o contexto de berçários que atendesse a famílias de baixa renda e verificar o impacto de uma intervenção cognitivo-motora no desenvolvimento de bebés quanto à motricidade ampla, motricidade fina, linguagem e interação. Participaram do estudo 40 bebés, entre seis e oito meses, provenientes de dez berçários para famílias de baixa renda. As escolas foram agrupadas quanto à qualidade dos cuidados oferecidos; os bebés foram estratificados por gênero e aleatoriamente distribuídos em grupos interventivo (n= 20 e controle (n= 20. Foi utilizada uma ficha de observação para verificar a rotina dos berçários. A motricidade ampla e fina, a linguagem e a interação dos bebés foram avaliadas no pré e no pós intervenção. O programa de intervenção propiciou experiências de perseguição visual, manipulação de brinquedos e controle postural. Observaram-se restrições no espaço físico e nas oportunidades para brincar e interagir. Educadores centravam sua atenção no cuidado com higiene e alimentação dos bebés. Bebés provenientes de escolas com contextos mais apropriadas ao desenvolvimento apresentaram desempenhos superiores; e, a intervenção repercutiu positivamente no desenvolvimento global dos participantes. Em conclusão, ações educativas e estratégias interventivas devem ser implementadas nas creches, priorizando o processo de desenvol­vimento infantil.

  15. Investigação do reconhecimento do próprio nome em bebês de 4 a 5 meses: estudo piloto

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nárli Pereira Machado

    2013-10-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: verificar se as crianças na faixa etária entre quatro e cinco meses reconhecem o próprio nome. MÉTODO: estudo transversal, realizado com 16 bebês com idade entre quatro e cinco meses, avaliados pelo programa Estadual de Triagem Auditiva Neonatal Universal (TANU no Ambulatório de Fonoaudiologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (HC-UFMG. Foram realizadas avaliações auditiva e de linguagem, além do teste de reconhecimento do próprio nome. Realizou-se análise descritiva das variáveis utilizadas no estudo e análise estatística. As variáveis contínuas foram comparadas por meio do teste T pareado e considerou-se nível de significância de 5% e coeficiente de confiança de 95%. RESULTADOS: verificou-se predominância das respostas dos bebês à evocação do próprio nome, na maioria dos bebês avaliados. CONCLUSÕES: com base nos critérios utilizados neste estudo, entre quatro e cinco meses as crianças já são capazes de reconhecer seu próprio nome.

  16. Expressão da capacidade de empatia em bebês de 8 e 18 semanas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kornilia Hatzinikolaou

    2006-04-01

    Full Text Available Este estudo investigou o padrão temporal e expressivo da capacidade de empatia em bebês de 8 e 18 semanas no contexto de interações face-face entre 90 duplas de mãe-bebê. As interações foram analisadas em tempo real e através de micro-análise. Alguns comportamentos infantis apresentaram maior probabilidade de fazerem parte do padrão expressivo da empatia do que outros. Ainda, o padrão expressivo se manifestou diferente em instâncias de empatia com emoções negativas e instâncias de empatia com emoções positivas comunicadas pela mãe. Em relação ao padrão temporal, observou-se que a manifestação da capacidade de empatia ocorreu dentro de um intervalo de tempo igual de ½ segundo antes e 1 segundo depois da mudança emocional da mãe. Os resultados indicam a necessidade de reavaliação das proposições tradicionais sobre as capacidades comunicativas precoces de bebês, e sugerem uma coerência entre os achados e as proposições teóricas contemporâneas na área da Psicologia Infantil.

  17. Apego materno-fetal e a percepção materna acerca da capacidade interativa do bebê no primeiro mês = Maternal-fetal attachment and maternal perception about infant interactive skills in the first month = Apego materno-fetal y la percepción materna sobre la capacidad interactiva del bebé en el primer mes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alvarenga, Patrícia

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available A percepção da mãe acerca das capacidades interativas do recém-nascido tem sido apontada como um fator crucial para o estabelecimento de padrões interativos de qualidade entre a díade mãe-filho. O objetivo deste estudo foi examinar as relações entre o apego materno-fetal e a percepção da mãe acerca das capacidades interativas do bebê. Participaram do estudo 64 mães de bebês do sexo masculino, que responderam a Escala de Apego Materno-fetal, no terceiro trimestre da gestação, e uma entrevista sobre a experiência da maternidade, no primeiro mês do bebê. Houve uma correlação positiva entre o apego materno-fetal e a percepção geral das capacidades interativas do bebê (r=0,23; p<0,05. A análise de regressão confirmou que a escolaridade materna e o apego materno-fetal explicaram 12% da variância na percepção da mãe acerca das capacidades interativas dos bebês. Discute-se a relevância da relação da mãe com o feto durante a gestação para a interação mãe-bebê no período pós-natal

  18. Haz que tu bebé nazca protegido contra la tosferina (Born with Protection against Whooping Cough)

    Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Podcasts

    2015-04-13

    Este podcast provee información acerca de la tosferina, una enfermedad que puede ser mortal para los bebés, y la recomendación de los CDC de que todas las mujeres reciban la vacuna Tdap durante el tercer trimestre de cada embarazo para que su bebé nazca con protección contra esta grave enfermedad.  Created: 4/13/2015 by National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Division of Bacterial Diseases (DBD), Meningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch (MVPDB).   Date Released: 4/13/2015.

  19. Protocolo de avaliação do frênulo da língua em bebês

    OpenAIRE

    Martinelli,Roberta Lopes de Castro; Marchesan,Irene Queiroz; Rodrigues,Antonio de Castro; Berretin-Felix,Giédre

    2012-01-01

    OBJETIVO: apresentar uma proposta de protocolo de avaliação do frênulo da língua em bebês com escores. MÉTODO: inicialmente foi realizada uma revisão da literatura relacionada, consultando as bases de dados Web of Science, Pubmed, Embase, All Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews e Scielo, bem como livros textos das áreas de anatomia, odontopediatria e fonoaudiologia. Todos os aspectos julgados relevantes nos trabalhos encontrados foram incluídos na versão inicial, que foi submetida à avaliação de ...

  20. Instrumentos de avaliação do vínculo entre mãe e bebê

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jaqueline Galdino Albuquerque Perrelli

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Identificar os instrumentos utilizados na avaliação do vínculo entre mãe e bebê com até um ano de vida, descrevê-los e fornecer informações sobre suas medidas de confiabilidade, validade e adaptação para o contexto brasileiro. Fonte de dados: Trata-se de um estudo de revisão integrativa realizado com base nas publicações contidas nas bases de dados PUBMED, LILACS, ScienceDirect, PsycINFO e CINAHL. Utilizaram-se os descritores mother-child relations e mother infant relationship, e as expressões validity, reliability e scale. Selecionaram-se 23 pesquisas, que foram lidas em sua integralidade. Síntese dos dados: Foram identificados 13 instrumentos de avaliação do apego entre mãe e bebê: sete escalas, três questionários, dois inventários e um método de observação. Do total de ferramentas analisadas, o Prenatal Attachment Inventory apresentou maior validade e confiabilidade para analisar a relação entre a mãe e o feto durante a gestação. Quanto ao período puerperal, foram encontrados melhores coeficientes de consistência interna para o Maternal Attachment Inventory e o Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire. Além disso, esse último revelou elevada sensibilidade para identificar disfunções leves e graves nas relações afetivas entre mãe e bebê. Conclusões: Verificou-se que a maioria dos instrumentos é confiável para estudar o fenômeno em questão. Contudo, foram evidenciadas limitações com relação à validade de construto e de critério. Ademais, apenas dois estão traduzidos e adaptados para a população de mulheres e crianças brasileiras, sendo portanto uma lacuna encontrada na produção científica nessa área.

  1. O envolvimento do pai na gravidez/parto e a ligação emocional com o bebé La participación del padre en el embarazo/parto y el vínculo emocional con el bebé Father’s involvement in pregnancy/childbirth and the emotional bond with the baby

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    João Rui Duarte Farias Nogueira

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available Enquadramento: a ligação emocional entre pai e filho é determinante na transição para a paternidade e no desenvolvimento do bebé. Objetivos: pretendemos verificar se existe relação entre as variáveis sóciodemográficas, o envolvimento na gravidez ou o corte do cordão umbilical com a ligação emocional do pai com o bebé. Metodologia: efetuámos um estudo transversal, quantitativo de caráter descritivo analítico. Aplicámos um questionário e a escala bonding validada para a população Portuguesa (Figueiredo et al., 2005, em três momentos diferentes (durante o trabalho de parto, no 1º e no 3º dia após o parto a 222 pais, entre novembro de 2010 e janeiro de 2011. Resultados: verificámos que a idade (entre 25 e 40 anos, o acompanhamento da grávida às consultas de vigilância da gravidez, o acompanhamento da grávida nos preparativos para o nascimento do bebé, a leitura de informação sobre o bebé em desenvolvimento, o envolvimento na gravidez e o corte do cordão umbilical influenciam positivamente a ligação emocional do pai com o bebé. Conclusão: os resultados apontam para uma melhoria na ligação afetiva entre o pai e o bebé se os profissionais de saúde promoverem o envolvimento do pai na gravidez e no parto.Marco: el vínculo emocional entre padre e hijo es crucial en la transición hacia la paternidad y el desarrollo del bebé.Objetivos: pretendemos verificar si existe una relación entre las variables sociodemográficas, la participación en el embarazo o el corte del cordón umbilical y el vínculo emocional entre el padre y el bebé. Metodología: se realizó un estudio transversal, cuantitativo, de corte descriptivo-analítico. Se aplicó un cuestionario y la escala de Bonding validado para la población portuguesa (Figueiredo et al., 2005, en tres momentos diferentes (durante el parto, durante el primer y el tercer día después del parto a 222 padres, entre noviembre 2010 y enero de 2011. Resultados: se

  2. Percepção de mães sobre o cuidado domiciliar prestado ao bebê nascido com baixo peso

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elieth Lessa Fonseca

    2011-02-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo do estudo foi identificar as dificuldades percebidas pelas mães no cuidado aos bebês de baixo peso e conhecer os recursos utilizados diante das intercorrências na saúde. Estudo de natureza qualitativa, desenvolvido junto a seis mães residentes em Maringá, PR, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados no período de fevereiro a setembro de 2008, em quatro visitas domiciliares, por meio de entrevista semi-estruturada. As mães vivenciaram dificuldades relacionadas aos profissionais e serviços de saúde, características do bebê, condições financeiras, alterações na rotina familiar e retorno ao trabalho. No enfrentamento das intercorrências, utilizaram recursos próprios ou atendimento médico. Concluiu-se que a mãe e a família necessitam de acompanhamento e apoio profissional para melhor cuidar do bebê de baixo peso no domicílio

  3. Significados atribuídos por puérperas adolescentes à maternidade: autocuidado e cuidado como bebê

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luciane Amorim da Silva

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Los objetivos del estudio fueron: identificar los significados atribuidos por las madres adolescentes al cuidado del bebé y de sí mismas; e identificar lo que reconocen como dificultad en el puerperio y en el cuidado del bebé. Es un estudio cualitativo desarrollado de Enero a Marzo de 2005, en una maternidad que atiende a usuarias del Sistema Único de Salud. Participaron 22 puérperas adolescentes y primíparas. Los datos fueron recolectados por entrevistas parcialmente estructuradas, grabadas, con posterior análisis del contenido de tipo temático. La maternidad es vista como un cambio psicológico, social y físico, y el cuidar del bebé es como un deber a ser ejecutado, como prioridad en relación al cuidado de sí. La falta de experiencia, información y la situación financiera fueron señaladas como las principales dificultades para el cuidado del niño, siendo la familia el apoyo. La sociedad subestima la capacidad de la adolescente para cuidar del hijo, debiendo crear estrategias para el desarrollo de autonomía para que la adolescente asuma las responsabilidades maternas.

  4. Definitive Chemoradiation Therapy With Docetaxel, Cisplatin, and 5-Fluorouracil (DCF-R) in Advanced Esophageal Cancer: A Phase 2 Trial (KDOG 0501-P2)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Higuchi, Katsuhiko, E-mail: k.higu@kitasato-u.ac.jp [Department of Gastroenterology, Kitasato University East Hospital, Sagamihara, Kanagawa (Japan); Komori, Shouko [Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa (Japan); Tanabe, Satoshi [Department of Gastroenterology, Kitasato University East Hospital, Sagamihara, Kanagawa (Japan); Katada, Chikatoshi [Department of Gastroenterology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa (Japan); Azuma, Mizutomo [Department of Gastroenterology, Kitasato University East Hospital, Sagamihara, Kanagawa (Japan); Ishiyama, Hiromichi [Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa (Japan); Sasaki, Tohru; Ishido, Kenji [Department of Gastroenterology, Kitasato University East Hospital, Sagamihara, Kanagawa (Japan); Katada, Natsuya [Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa (Japan); Hayakawa, Kazushige [Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa (Japan); Koizumi, Wasaburo [Department of Gastroenterology, Kitasato University East Hospital, Sagamihara, Kanagawa (Japan)

    2014-07-15

    Purpose: A previous phase 1 study suggested that definitive chemoradiation therapy with docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil (DCF-R) is tolerable and active in patients with advanced esophageal cancer (AEC). This phase 2 study was designed to confirm the efficacy and toxicity of DCF-R in AEC. Methods and Materials: Patients with previously untreated thoracic AEC who had T4 tumors or M1 lymph node metastasis (M1 LYM), or both, received intravenous infusions of docetaxel (35 mg/m{sup 2}) and cisplatin (40 mg/m{sup 2}) on day 1 and a continuous intravenous infusion of 5-fluorouracil (400 mg/m{sup 2}/day) on days 1 to 5, every 2 weeks, plus concurrent radiation. The total radiation dose was initially 61.2 Gy but was lowered to multiple-field irradiation with 50.4 Gy to decrease esophagitis and late toxicity. Consequently, the number of cycles of DCF administered during radiation therapy was reduced from 4 to 3. The primary endpoint was the clinical complete response (cCR) rate. Results: Characteristics of the 42 subjects were: median age, 62 years; performance status, 0 in 14, 1 in 25, 2 in 3; TNM classification, T4M0 in 20, non-T4M1LYM in 12, T4M1LYM in 10; total scheduled radiation dose: 61.2 Gy in 12, 50.4 Gy in 30. The cCR rate was 52.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 37.3%-67.5%) overall, 33.3% in the 61.2-Gy group, and 60.0% in the 50.4-Gy group. The median progression-free survival was 11.1 months, and the median survival was 29.0 months with a survival rate of 43.9% at 3 years. Grade 3 or higher major toxicity consisted of leukopenia (71.4%), neutropenia (57.2%), anemia (16.7%), febrile neutropenia (38.1%), anorexia (31.0%), and esophagitis (28.6%). Conclusions: DCF-R frequently caused myelosuppression and esophagitis but was highly active and suggested to be a promising regimen in AEC. On the basis of efficacy and safety, a radiation dose of 50.4 Gy is recommended for further studies of DCF-R.

  5. Mothers' feelings about breastfeeding their premature babies in a rooming-in facility Sentimientos de madres al amamantar a sus bebés prematuros en sistema de alojamiento conjunto Sentimentos de mães ao amamentarem seus bebês prematuros em sistema de alojamento conjunto

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    Rejane Marie Barbosa Davim

    2010-09-01

    Full Text Available This study aimed at learning about the feelings experienced by mothers while breastfeeding their premature babies in a rooming-in facility, by means of individual interviews with 33 mothers during the period of February to April 2006, at a maternity hospital in Natal/RN/Brazil. The main feelings referred by the mothers regarding their inability to breastfeed their premature babies immediately after delivery were: sorrow, guilt, disappointment, frustration, insecurity, and fear of touching, holding or harming the delicate babies while breastfeeding. However, the mother-child bond that was formed when the baby was discharged from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and taken to the rooming-in facility was reflected by feelings of fulfillment, pride, and satisfaction at experiencing the first breastfeeding.Estudio realizado con el objetivo de conocer los sentimientos de madres al amamantar a sus bebés prematuros en Sistema de Alojamiento Conjunto, realizándose entrevistas individuales con 33 madres acompañantes en el período comprendido entre febrero y abril de 2006, en una maternidad escuela de Natal / RN / Brasil. Los principales sentimientos referidos por esas madres resultaron en tristeza, culpa, decepción, frustración, inseguridad, miedo de tocar, asegurar o hasta incluso de perjudicar a sus delicados bebés mientras eran amamantados. No obstante eso, el vínculo creado por madres y bebés cuando los mismos reciben el alta de la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal para el Sistema de Alojamiento Conjunto, se manifiesta en los sentimientos de realización y orgullo, los cuales son determinados por la satisfacción de la primera lactancia.Estudo teve o objetivo de conhecer os sentimentos de mães ao amamentarem seus bebês prematuros em Sistema de Alojamento Conjunto. Entrevistas individuais foram realizadas com 33 mães acompanhantes no período de fevereiro a abril de 2006, em uma maternidade-escola de Natal/RN/Brasil. Os principais

  6. Percepção de mães sobre o cuidado domiciliar prestado ao bebê nascido com baixo peso Percepciones de madres acerca del cuidado domiciliar prestado al bebé nascido con bajo peso Mothers' perception about homecare delivered to her low weight infant

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    Elieth Lessa Fonseca

    2011-02-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo do estudo foi identificar as dificuldades percebidas pelas mães no cuidado aos bebês de baixo peso e conhecer os recursos utilizados diante das intercorrências na saúde. Estudo de natureza qualitativa, desenvolvido junto a seis mães residentes em Maringá, PR, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados no período de fevereiro a setembro de 2008, em quatro visitas domiciliares, por meio de entrevista semi-estruturada. As mães vivenciaram dificuldades relacionadas aos profissionais e serviços de saúde, características do bebê, condições financeiras, alterações na rotina familiar e retorno ao trabalho. No enfrentamento das intercorrências, utilizaram recursos próprios ou atendimento médico. Concluiu-se que a mãe e a família necessitam de acompanhamento e apoio profissional para melhor cuidar do bebê de baixo peso no domicílioEl objectivo de este estudio fue identificar las dificultades percibidas por las madres en el cuidado de los bebés de bajo peso y conocer los recursos utilizados frente a las ocurrencias en la salud. Estudio de carácter cualitativo, desarrollado junto a seis madres que vivem en Maringá, PR, Brasil. Los datos fueron recogidos en el periodo de febrero hasta septiembre de 2008, en cuatro visitas domiciliares, por medio de entrevistas semi-estructuradas y observación no sistematizada. Las madres vivenciaron dificultades relacionadas a los profesionales, servicios de salud, características del bebé, condiciones financieras, alteraciones en la rutina familiar y vuelta al trabajo. En el enfrentamiento de las ocurrencias utilizaron medios propios o la atención médica. Se concluy que la madre y la familia necesitan de acompañamiento y apoyo profesional para mejor cuidar del bebé con bajo peso en el domicilioThe purpose of the study was to identify problems perceived by mothers in caring of low birth weight babies and to understand the resources used while facing health complications. The qualitative

  7. Adaptação à creche e o processo de separação-individuação: reações dos bebês e sentimentos parentais = The adjustment to daycare center and separation-individuation process: infants’ reactions and parents’ feelings = Adaptación a lo jardin infantil y el proceso de separacion-individualizacion: reacciones de los bebés y sentimientos de los padres

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    Bossi, Tatiele Jacques

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Este estudo investigou os relatos das mães e pais sobre as reações dos bebês frente à adaptação à creche e os sentimentos e reações parentais. Participaram 13 bebês e seus genitores que ingressaram na creche durante as subfases do processo de separação-individuação: diferenciação (6º mês, exploração (12º mês e reaproximação (20º mês. Análise de conteúdo qualitativa das entrevistas apontou que reações de recusa à alimentação e adoecimento fizeram-se particularmente presentes entre os bebês que estavam nas subfases de diferenciação e exploração. Sentimentos de insegurança predominaram no relato dos genitores cujos bebês estavam na subfase de exploração, quando alguns não conseguiram se adaptar à creche. Na subfase de reaproximação, apesar das reações iniciais da criança e de sentimentos de insegurança parentais, os bebês apresentaram boa adaptação. Destaca-se a importância da presença parental no período de adaptação, contribuindo para que a creche torne-se uma referência para o bebê possibilitando a continuidade do processo de separação-individuação

  8. Bebês pré-termo: aleitamento materno e evolução ponderal

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    Anelize Helena Sassá

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo do estudo foi identificar fatores associados à prática do aleitamento materno (AM, ao ganho ponderal e ao estado nutricional de bebês pré-termos durante os seis primeiros meses de vida e verificar correlação entre essas variáveis e características maternas e neonatais. Estudo analítico, tipo coorte, realizado com 42 bebês pré-termos nascidos entre maio e outubro de 2008. A prevalência de AM foi de 40,5% aos seis meses e a média de ganho ponderal variou entre 18 e 40g/dia. A prática de AM esteve associada ao menor peso e à menor idade gestacional de nascimento. O ganho ponderal apresentou correlação positiva com a idade gestacional e o peso ao nascer, a idade materna e a prática do AM aos 15 dias após a alta. Ser prematuro não impediu a prática do AM; entretanto, o ganho ponderal foi maior entre aqueles nascidos com melhores condições de crescimento e maturação intrauterina.

  9. El significado de las actividades acuáticas del bebé desde una perspectiva evolutiva

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    Gil Pla Campàs

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo pretende profundizar desde una perspectiva evolutiva en el estudio y análisis de las actividades acuáticas del bebé. A partir de aquí, el artículo interpreta desde la óptica filogenética y ontogenética de las actividades acuáticas de los be¬bés qué significado tendrán estas actividades en su desarrollo general. Para alcanzar los objetivos fijados se utiliza un enfoque fenomenológico (Husserl, 1996 que se sustentará conceptualmente en el abordaje filogenético del desarrollo psicomotor de Fonseca (1998. Partiendo de esta estructura, se estudiarán las razones filogenéticas y ontogenéticas que nos pueden significar las actividades acuáticas del bebé a fin de que, en última instancia, y desde la línea más existencial de la fenomenología (Sartre, 1999; Merleau-Ponty, 2000, podamos argumentar la significación evolutiva de estas actividades.

  10. Cuidados com os bebês: o conhecimento das primíparas adolescentes Cuidados con los bebés: el conocimiento de las primíparas adolescentes The care with babies: the knowledge of the teenagers primiparas

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    Dayane Cristina de Sousa Rocha

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available O bem-estar dos bebês nascidos de mães adolescentes foi o incentivo para a realização desta pesquisa que objetivou investigar se as gestantes adolescentes primíparas estão recebendo orientações acerca do cuidado com seus bebês. Estudo descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, no qual se utilizou como técnica para a coleta de dados a entrevista estruturada, nos meses de setembro e outubro de 2004. Teve como cenário o Alojamento Conjunto de uma maternidade na cidade de Fortaleza, considerada de referência terciária no Estado do Ceará. A amostra ficou constituída de 30 adolescentes primíparas, com idade entre 13 e 19 anos, baixo grau de escolaridade e evasão escolar; baixa renda familiar; união estável e que não realizaram o número de consultas de pré-natal preconizadas pelo Ministério da Saúde. Teve-se como resultado o baixo déficit de orientação das primíparas adolescentes acerca de como cuidar do bebê, que esperam contar com a ajuda dos pais e familiares. Constatou-se ainda que, apesar de realizarem o pré-natal, faltou interesse em participar das palestras oferecidas.El bienestar de los bebés nacidos de madres adolescentes fue el incentivo para la realización de esta investigación que objetivó investigar si las embarazadas adolescentes primíparas están recibiendo orientaciones acerca del cuidado con sus bebés. Estudio descriptivo, con abordaje cuantitativo, en lo cual se utilizó como técnica para la colecta de datos la entrevista estructurada, en los meses de septiembre y octubre de 2004. Tuvo como escenario el Alojamiento Conjunto de una maternidad en la ciudad de Fortaleza, considerada de referencia terciaria en el Estado de Ceará - Brasil. La muestra se quedó constituida de 30 adolescentes primíparas, con edad entre 13 y 19 años, bajo grado de escolaridad y evasión escolar; baja renta familiar; unión estable y que no realizaron el número de consultas de prenatal preconizadas por el Ministerio de la

  11. Marés, fases principais da lua e bebês

    OpenAIRE

    Silveira, Fernando Lang da

    2003-01-01

    Os mecanismos responsáveis pelas marés são discutidos, utilizando-se uma matemática acessível a alunos de ensino médio; demonstra-se que tanto a Lua, quanto o Sol são responsáveis pelos efeitos de maré nos oceanos. Apesar da força gravitacional do Sol na Terra ser aproximadamente 200 vezes maior do que a da Lua, os efeitos solares de maré são aproximadamente 2 vezes menores do que os lunares. Uma crença popular muito difundida afirma que o número de nascimentos de bebês está correlacionado co...

  12. Voz cantada e a constituição da relação mãe-bebê Singing voice and the constitution of mother/baby relationship

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    Enio Lopes Mello

    2009-03-01

    Full Text Available TEMA: refletir sobre uma faceta da constituição da relação mãe-bebê, que se fez presente no uso criativo da voz cantada da mãe, na comunicação com o seu bebê. PROCEDIMENTOS: o único sujeito desse estudo é uma mãe, que se submeteu a oito sessões de terapias corporais associadas à emissão da voz cantada, sempre dirigidas ao bebê; as sessões transcorreram com a possibilidade de expressão livre pela fala e gesto da mãe e a escuta do terapeuta. RESULTADOS: o quadro que a mãe apresentava em relação ao seu bebê, no início do tratamento, se encaixa na descrição de depressão pós-parto. Após as sessões, a mãe conseguiu estabelecer contato com seu bebê, de modo prazeroso; por meio da emissão da voz cantada, ela estabeleceu a primeira forma de comunicação e não mais apresentou o quadro de dor e perda da voz. CONCLUSÃO: a possibilidade de reconhecimento, do bebê por sua mãe, teve a corporeidade como aliada, na conjunção dos corpos da mãe e do bebê, o que favoreceu o estabelecimento de uma comunicação com sintonia de ritmos, por meio da entoação de música cantada, que levou à constituição do bebê enquanto pessoa integrada.BACKGROUND: to address one aspect of mother/baby relationship, that arises from the use of singing voice in their communicative process. PROCEDURE: the subject of this case study is a mother who undergoes eight sessions of body therapy (massage and exercises associated to the utterance of singing voice, always directed to the baby; the sessions offered the possibility of free expression through the mother's use of gestures and speech along with the therapist' listening. RESULTS: in the beginning of treatment, the reaction of the mother towards her baby fits precisely in postpartum depression description. After the sessions, she was able to keep a most pleasant contact with her baby; by means of the singing voice, she has got the first way of communication with her child and either pain or

  13. CSMA/CCA: A Modified CSMA/CA Protocol Mitigating the Fairness Problem for IEEE 802.11 DCF

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    Wang Xin

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available Carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA has been adopted by the IEEE 802.11 standards for wireless local area networks (WLANs. Using a distributed coordination function (DCF, the CSMA/CA protocol reduces collisions and improves the overall throughput. To mitigate fairness issues arising with CSMA/CA, we develop a modified version that we term CSMA with copying collision avoidance (CSMA/CCA. A station in CSMA/CCA contends for the shared wireless medium by employing a binary exponential backoff similar to CSMA/CA. Different from CSMA/CA, CSMA/CCA copies the contention window (CW size piggybacked in the MAC header of an overheard data frame within its basic service set (BSS and updates its backoff counter according to the new CW size. Simulations carried out in several WLAN configurations illustrate that CSMA/CCA improves fairness relative to CSMA/CA and offers considerable advantages for deployment in the 802.11-standard-based WLANs.

  14. O impacto de uma psicoterapia breve pais-bebê para as representações acerca da maternidade no contexto da depressão

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    Schwengber, Daniela Delias de Sousa

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available O presente estudo investigou as mudanças nas representações acerca da maternidade em uma mãe com indicadores de depressão ao longo de uma psicoterapia breve pais-bebê. Foi utilizado um delineamento de estudo de caso único, sendo que as representações maternas foram examinadas em três momentos: antes, durante e após a psicoterapia. Os relatos foram analisados a partir de quatro eixos interpretativos que constituem a constelação da maternidade de Stern (1997 vida-crescimento; relacionar-se primário; matriz de apoio; e reorganização da identidade. Os resultados revelaram que as mudanças nas representações da mãe acerca do relacionamento com a sua própria mãe desempenharam um papel central na reelaboração de esquemas a respeito de si mesma, do bebê e do relacionamento conjugal. Aponta-se para a efetividade da utilização dos temas da constelação da maternidade como eixos interpretativos na avaliação de processo psicoterápico envolvendo pais e bebê

  15. Maturação funcional da retina em bebês prematuros

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    Adriana Berezovsky

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available A retina humana ainda não está totalmente desenvolvida no nascimento. Só após o nascimento é que ocorrem mudanças anatômicas como o aumento na densidade de cones centrais e o alongamento do segmento externo dos fotorreceptores. As mudanças funcionais que ocorrem na retina com a maturação no primeiro ano de vida podem ser avaliadas pela técnica do eletrorretinograma de campo total, que representa a atividade somada da retina distal em resposta à luz. Abordaremos aspectos da maturação funcional da retina avaliada pelo eletrorretinograma em bebês prematuros.

  16. O impacto da depressão pós-parto para a interação mãe-bebê The impact of postpartum depression to mother-child interaction

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    Daniela Delias de Sousa Schwengber

    2003-12-01

    Full Text Available O presente artigo examina algumas questões teóricas e estudos empíricos a respeito do impacto da depressão pós-parto para a interação mãe-bebê. Analisam-se as características da depressão pós-parto e fatores de risco associados à sua ocorrência. Discutem-se, em particular, as repercussões do estado depressivo da mãe para a qualidade da interação com o bebê e, conseqüentemente, para o desenvolvimento posterior da criança. Os estudos revisados sugerem que a depressão pós-parto afeta a qualidade da interação mãe-bebê, especialmente no que se refere ao prejuízo na responsividade materna. Por outro lado, apontam que os efeitos da depressão da mãe na interação com o bebê dependem de uma série de fatores, o que não permite a realização de um prognóstico baseado em fatores isolados.The present article examines some theoretical aspects and empirical studies related to the impact of postpartum depression to mother-child interaction. The characteristics of postpartum depression and the risk factors related to its occurrence are also examined. Furthermore, it discusses the consequences of maternal depressed state to mother-child interaction and to child development. The revised studies suggest that postpartum depression negatively affects the mother-child interaction quality, particularly maternal responsivity. On the other hand, studies show that postpartum depression effects on mother-child interaction depend on various factors, which makes it impossible for us to make predictions based on any isolated factor.

  17. Prevalência de alterações orais congênitas e de desenvolvimento em bebês de 0 a 6 meses = Prevalence of congenital and developmental oral abnormalities in infants aged 0 to 6 months

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    Santos, Flávia Fernanda Carvalho

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Verificar a prevalência de alterações orais congênitas e de desenvolvimento em bebês de 0 a 6 meses de idade. Metodologia: A amostra deste estudo descritivo foi constituída por 621 bebês de 0 a 6 meses de idade atendidos no Banco de leite do Hospital Universitário Materno Infantil em São Luís, MA, Brasil, no período de janeiro de 2001 a junho de 2004. O exame clínico foi realizado através de inspeção visual, com luz natural e espátula de madeira. Foram registradas as alterações orais congênitas e de desenvolvimento presentes e sua localização anatômica, bem como o sexo e a faixa etária dos bebês. Resultados: Do total de 621 bebês (310 meninos e 311 meninas, 45 (7,24 % apresentaram alguma alteração oral, com localização principalmente na maxila. O cisto de inclusão foi a alteração mais frequente (6,28 % dos bebês examinados. A faixa etária entre 0 e 3 meses de idade apresentou maior número de alterações. Conclusão: Alterações congênitas ou de desenvolvimento não são ocorrências incomuns em bebês até 6 meses de idade, embora a prevalência relatada na literatura seja bastante variável. Há necessidade de estudos adicionais sobre as causas e os fatores de risco para o surgimento dessas alterações

  18. A capacidade do bebê para estar só e o isolamento autista

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    Maria Izabel Tafuri

    Full Text Available O tratamento preventivo das perturbações precoces com o risco de evolução Autista é discutido nesse texto como uma ação paradoxal do ponto de vista psicanalítico. A prevenção implica na perpetuação do pensamento psiquiátrico kraepeliano sobre a evolução obrigatória de um conjunto de sintomas de uma referida doença. Ao mesmo tempo enfatiza-se a necessidade do tratamento precoce de bebês com isolamento patológico.

  19. Protocolo de avaliação do frênulo da língua em bebês Tongue frenulum evaluation protocol in babies

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    Roberta Lopes de Castro Martinelli

    2012-02-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: apresentar uma proposta de protocolo de avaliação do frênulo da língua em bebês com escores. MÉTODO: inicialmente foi realizada uma revisão da literatura relacionada, consultando as bases de dados Web of Science, Pubmed, Embase, All Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews e Scielo, bem como livros textos das áreas de anatomia, odontopediatria e fonoaudiologia. Todos os aspectos julgados relevantes nos trabalhos encontrados foram incluídos na versão inicial, que foi submetida à avaliação de três fonoaudiólogas especialistas em motricidade orofacial, sendo obtida a versão consenso, que foi aplicada em 10 bebês nascidos a termo buscando verificar a exequibilidade do instrumento. RESULTADOS: com base na literatura consultada e no estudo piloto, foi elaborado o protocolo de avaliação do frênulo da língua em bebês. A primeira parte é composta por história clínica contendo questões gerais de identificação e questões específicas sobre antecedentes familiais e amamentação. A segunda parte é composta pelo exame clínico, constituído de avaliação anatomofuncional e avaliação das funções orofaciais. CONCLUSÕES: o protocolo de avaliação do frênulo da língua em bebês foi desenvolvido a partir de uma proposta teórica e depende de sua aplicabilidade para se configurar como um teste validado. Espera-se que o mesmo possa auxiliar os profissionais da saúde a avaliar e diagnosticar as variações anatômicas do frênulo e sua possível interferência na amamentação, norteando condutas eficazes e promovendo uma prática baseada em evidências. A segunda fase deste trabalho deve compreender a pesquisa experimental e a análise estatística dos dados.PURPOSE: to present a protocol proposal to evaluate the lingual frenum in babies with scores. METHOD: initially was performed a review of the literature, referring to the databases Web of Science, Pubmed, Embase, All Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews and Scielo as well as

  20. "Mi Bebé y Yo": A Primary Care Group for Latina/o Infants and Their Spanish-Speaking Caregivers

    Science.gov (United States)

    Margolis, Kate L.; Dunn, Dena M.; Herbst, Rachel Becker; Bunik, Maya; Buchholz, Melissa; Martinez, Dailyn; Talmi, Ayelet

    2015-01-01

    Culturally informed health interventions for linguistic minorities are crucial in promoting optimal child development. "Mi Bebé y Yo" is a primary care group for Spanish-speaking, Latina/o caregivers and their babies during their first year. Group visits occur in conjunction with well-baby checks and are designed to support families with…

  1. Robust object tacking based on self-adaptive search area

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dong, Taihang; Zhong, Sheng

    2018-02-01

    Discriminative correlation filter (DCF) based trackers have recently achieved excellent performance with great computational efficiency. However, DCF based trackers suffer boundary effects, which result in the unstable performance in challenging situations exhibiting fast motion. In this paper, we propose a novel method to mitigate this side-effect in DCF based trackers. We change the search area according to the prediction of target motion. When the object moves fast, broad search area could alleviate boundary effects and reserve the probability of locating object. When the object moves slowly, narrow search area could prevent effect of useless background information and improve computational efficiency to attain real-time performance. This strategy can impressively soothe boundary effects in situations exhibiting fast motion and motion blur, and it can be used in almost all DCF based trackers. The experiments on OTB benchmark show that the proposed framework improves the performance compared with the baseline trackers.

  2. Programa mãe-canguru e a relação mãe-bebê: pesquisa qualitativa na rede pública de Betim El programa madre-canguro y la relación madre-bebé: pesquisa cualitativade en la red pública de Betim Kangaroo mother program and the relationship mother-baby: qualitative research in a public maternity of Betim city

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jacqueline de Oliveira Moreira

    2009-09-01

    Full Text Available Esse texto aborda os resultados de uma pesquisa qualitativa financiada pela FAPEMIG/PUC - Minas que tem como objetivo investigar os efeitos do método "canguru" na relação entre mãe e bebê prematuro. A pesquisa de campo teve seus dados coletados através de entrevistas semiestruturadas junto às mães de bebês prematuros egressas do programa Canguru da Maternidade Municipal Aideé Conroy Espejo, de Betim. Utilizamos a análise de conteúdo por categorias temáticas para a análise dos dados. Os resultados apontam a complexidade da maternidade no interior da prematuridade, atravessada pela vivência de trauma, pelo medo de perder o bebê, pela visão da fragilidade da criança. Nesse contexto, o programa mãe-canguru possibilita efetivamente a conexão entre mãe e bebê prematuro, colaborando para a vinculação da díade. Concluímos ainda que a mãe, os familiares e a equipe podem constituir um ambiente facilitador a partir do momento em que assumam uma postura ativa na mediação da relação do prematuro com o mundo.Este texto enfoca los resultados de la pesquisa cualitativa financiada pela FAPEMIG / PUC - Minas que tiene como objetivo investigar los efectos del 'método Canguro' en la relación entre madre y bebé prematuro. La pesquisa de campo tuvo sus datos colectados a través de entrevistas semi-estructuradas junto a las madres de bebés prematuros egresas del Programa Ganguro de la Maternidad Municipal Aideé Conroy Espejo, de Betim, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Utilizamos el análisis de contenido por categorías temáticas para el estudio de los datos. Los resultados apuntan para la complejidad de la maternidad en el interior de la prematuridad, atravesada por la vivencia de trauma, por el miedo de perder el bebé, por la visión de la fragilidad del niño. En este contexto, el Programa Madre-canguro posibilita efectivamente la conexión entre madre y bebé prematuro, colaborando para la vinculación de la díada. Concluimos, adem

  3. Estimulación temprana en bebés de 0 a 5 meses con bajo peso al momeno de nacer (relación afectiva madre - hijo/a)

    OpenAIRE

    Garcés Ruiz, Ibeth Johanna

    2006-01-01

    Al tratar la estimulación temprana en bebés con bajo peso al momento de nacer, es necesario remontar información sobre los antecedentes maternos, como medio familiar, factor emocional, médico y nutrición; puesto que en el embarazo tanto la madre como el bebé corren el riesgo de presentar complicaciones de salud. El recién nacido al presentar bajo peso o desnutrición tendrá problemas asociados en su salud y/o un retraso en su desarrollo. Se propone la realización de actividades para ...

  4. Enhancing the selection of backoff interval using fuzzy logic over wireless Ad Hoc networks.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ranganathan, Radha; Kannan, Kathiravan

    2015-01-01

    IEEE 802.11 is the de facto standard for medium access over wireless ad hoc network. The collision avoidance mechanism (i.e., random binary exponential backoff-BEB) of IEEE 802.11 DCF (distributed coordination function) is inefficient and unfair especially under heavy load. In the literature, many algorithms have been proposed to tune the contention window (CW) size. However, these algorithms make every node select its backoff interval between [0, CW] in a random and uniform manner. This randomness is incorporated to avoid collisions among the nodes. But this random backoff interval can change the optimal order and frequency of channel access among competing nodes which results in unfairness and increased delay. In this paper, we propose an algorithm that schedules the medium access in a fair and effective manner. This algorithm enhances IEEE 802.11 DCF with additional level of contention resolution that prioritizes the contending nodes according to its queue length and waiting time. Each node computes its unique backoff interval using fuzzy logic based on the input parameters collected from contending nodes through overhearing. We evaluate our algorithm against IEEE 802.11, GDCF (gentle distributed coordination function) protocols using ns-2.35 simulator and show that our algorithm achieves good performance.

  5. Lactancia materna en bebés pretérminos: cuidados centrados en el desarrollo en el contexto palestino Breast feeding in premature babies: development-centered care in Palestine

    OpenAIRE

    M. J. Aguilar Cordero; S. M. Batran Ahmed; C. A. Padilla López; R. Guisado Barrilao; C. Gómez García

    2012-01-01

    El contacto precoz piel a piel provee beneficios para la madre y para el bebé, además de tener un papel importante en el establecimiento de la lactancia materna. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue informar a las madres de bebés pretérmino sobre la importancia del contacto piel con piel para la implantación de la lactancia materna y para un mejor vínculo entre ellos (cuidados centrados en el desarrollo CCD). Material y método: Se realizó un estudio de cohorte, prospectivo, en varios Hos...

  6. Intraesophageal administratio (JP4-039) and p53/MDM2/MDM4 Inhibitor (BEB55) ameliorates radiation esophagitisn of GS-Nitroxide

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Kim, H.; Bernard, M.; Epperly, M.W.; Shen, H.; Dixon, T.M.; Amoscato, A.A.; Doemling, A.S.; Li, S.; Gao, X.; Wipf, P.

    2011-01-01

    Purpose/Objective(s): To evaluate the esophageal radiation dose modification properties of the GS-nitroxide (JP4-039) and the p53/MDM2/MDM4 inhibitor (BEB55). Materials/Methods: Esophagitis is a significant toxicity of radiation therapy of thoracic cancers. We evaluated radiation dose modification

  7. Changes in ocular higher-order aberrations following botulinum toxin treatment in patients with blepharospasm : BTX improves dry eye in patients with BEB.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Isshiki, Yoshihiko; Ishikawa, Hiroto; Mimura, Osamu

    2016-11-01

    To evaluate the effects of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) treatment in patients with benign essential blepharospasm (BEB) by monitoring the ocular surface and ocular higher-order aberrations (HOAs) before and after treatment. The present study reports a prospective case series of 38 patients (76 eyes, 11 men and 27 women; mean age 66.8 ± 9.8 years) with BEB who underwent BTX-A treatment at Kokura Memorial Hospital between 2013 and 2014. Patients were evaluated for ophthalmoscopic findings, Schirmer I test, tear film break-up time (t-BUT), HOAs, fluctuation index (FI), stability index (SI) using a wavefront aberrometer, 15 subjective symptoms using the Dry Eye-Related Quality of Life Score (DEQS), and complications before and after the treatment. After BTX-A treatment, the Schirmer I test score improved significantly from 5.9 ± 5.4 to 8.7 ± 6.1 mm and t-BUT recovered from 5.2 ± 1.7 to 7.3 ± 1.7 s. HOAs were classified into four patterns: stable (60.5 %), small fluctuation (14.5 %), sawtooth (17.1 %), and reverse sawtooth (7.9 %), and they significantly reduced after the treatment. Only FI (not SI) showed a marked reduction, and the DEQS significantly improved from 44.7 ± 21.6 to 37.6 ± 21.0 after the treatment (p treatment with a high potential to improve ocular surface disorders induced by BEB.

  8. Más que una niñera. Puntos de vista de los padres sobre los medios de comunicación dirigidos a bebés

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ellen Wartella

    2012-03-01

    Full Text Available Los niños menores de dos años ven medios de comunicación visuales durante gran parte del tiempo, a pesar de las recomendaciones de la Academia Estadounidense de Pediatría (AAP, American Academy of Pediatrics de que los niños de dicha edad no se deben exponer a estos medios de comunicación. Los DVD’s infantiles se comercializan implícita y explícitamente como educativos, resaltando áreas de contenido tales como formas, números, habilidades de lectura, colores, idioma extranjero, música y ciencia. Los videos para bebés son populares, a pesar de la escasa evidencia investigativa sobre su eficacia didáctica. Setenta y tres padres de niños menores de dos años fueron encuestados sobre la importancia de los medios de comunicación de uso educativo y no educativo dirigidos a bebés. Los resultados demuestran que los padres generalmente esperan mucho de la producción audiovisual orientada hacia los bebés. Además, las familias con un ingreso económico bajo y los padres con menos educación, tienen una mayor tendencia a ver positivamente dicha producción audiovisual debido a que la consideran como un recurso cognitivo que no se puede obtener de otro modo.

  9. Desenvolvimento de bebês prematuros relacionado a variáveis neonatais e maternas Desarrollo de bebés prematuros relacionado a variables neonatales y maternas Development of preterm infants related to neonatal and maternal variables

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daniele Abruzzi de Fraga

    2008-06-01

    Full Text Available O estudo verificou a relação entre ansiedade materna, características neonatais e indicadores de desenvolvimento de crianças nascidas pré-termo aos 12 meses de idade cronológica corrigida. Foram avaliadas 14 crianças com as Escalas Bayley-II e suas mães com o Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado. Os itens relativos à resolução de problemas, permanência do objeto, intencionalidade, linguagem e motricidade correlacionaram-se significativamente com variáveis neonatais do bebê e ansiedade materna. A maior gravidade de risco clínico neonatal associou-se com pior desempenho em itens relativos à permanência do objeto, linguagem e motricidade ampla. O nível de ansiedade materna mais elevado associou-se com melhor desempenho dos bebês em tarefas cognitivas e pior em tarefas de motricidade ampla e permanência do objeto. Dessa forma a ansiedade materna mostrou ter efeito diferencial em áreas do desenvolvimento da criança, podendo atuar como fator de risco ao desenvolvimento motor amplo e como mecanismo de proteção ao desenvolvimento cognitivo.El estudio verificó la relación entre ansiedad materna, características neonatales e indicadores de desarrollo de niños nacidos pré termo a los 12 meses de edad cronológica corregida. Fueron evaluados 14 niños con las Escalas Bayley-II y sus madres con el Inventario de Ansiedad Trazo-Estado. Los ítenes relativos a la resolución de problemas, permanencia del objeto, intencionalidad, lenguaje y motricidad se correlacionaron significativamente con variables neonatales del bebé y ansiedad materna. La mayor gravedad de riesgo clínico neonatal se asoció con peor desempeño en ítenes relativos a la permanencia del objeto, lenguaje y motricidad amplia. El nivel de ansiedad materna más elevado se asoció con mejor desempeño de los bebés en tareas cognitivas y peor en tareas de motricidad amplia y permanencia del objeto. De esa forma la ansiedad materna mostró tener efecto diferencial

  10. Materiais potencializadores e os bebês-potência : possibilidades de experiências sensoriais e sensíveis no contexto de um berçário

    OpenAIRE

    Elisete Mallmann

    2015-01-01

    A presente Dissertação de Mestrado investiga os modos como um grupo de bebês de sete a vinte e seis meses de idade, de um berçário de uma escola Pública de Educação Infantil no interior do Rio Grande do Sul, se relaciona com diferentes materiais, denominados nesta pesquisa como Materiais Potencializadores. Tais materiais foram organizados à base de produtos naturais e/ou de alimentos, bem como daquilo que é descartado. Em virtude da diversidade de formatos, texturas, cores, cheiros e sabores,...

  11. "Um sonho cortado pela metade...": estudo de caso sobre o impacto da prematuridade e da deficiência visual do bebê na parentalidade

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carla Meira Kreutz

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available Quando a prematuridade culmina com um diagnóstico de retinopatia da prematuridade com perda da visão, os pais sofrem um duplo impacto. O presente estudo teve por objetivo investigar as reações emocionais dos pais nesse contexto e seu impacto na parentalidade. Para tanto, pais de uma menina de 13 meses foram entrevistados conjuntamente. Os dados foram examinados, utilizando-se a análise de conteúdo. Os resultados mostraram um choque dos pais com a aparência do bebê prematuro, o medo da morte do bebê, dificuldades para a compreensão do diagnóstico, negação, culpa, sentimentos hostis em relação à equipe médica e diminuição da autoeficácia do casal como pais. Por outro lado, identificou-se uma busca de reorganização do casal e alegrias frente à parentalidade.

  12. Obesidad infantil: la prevención comienza al amamantar a los bebés (Childhood Obesity – Prevention Begins with Breastfeeding)

    Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Podcasts

    2011-08-02

    Este podcast se basa en la edición de agosto del informe de los CDC Vital Signs del 2011. La obesidad infantil es una epidemia en los Estados Unidos y la lactancia materna puede ayudar a prevenirla. Sin embargo, una de cada tres madres deja de amamantar a su bebé si no cuenta con la guía y apoyo del hospital. Cerca del 95% de los hospitales carece de políticas que brinden apoyo total a la lactancia materna. Dichas instituciones deben esforzarse más para ayudar a que las madres empiecen a amamantar a sus bebés y continúen haciéndolo.  Created: 8/2/2011 by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).   Date Released: 8/2/2011.

  13. On the Optimization of the IEEE 802.11 DCF: A Cross-Layer Perspective

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Massimiliano Laddomada

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available This paper is focused on the problem of optimizing the aggregate throughput of the distributed coordination function (DCF employing the basic access mechanism at the data link layer of IEEE 802.11 protocols. We consider general operating conditions accounting for both nonsaturated and saturated traffic in the presence of transmission channel errors, as exemplified by the packet error rate . The main clue of this work stems from the relation that links the aggregate throughput of the network to the packet rate of the contending stations. In particular, we show that the aggregate throughput ( presents two clearly distinct operating regions that depend on the actual value of the packet rate with respect to a critical value , theoretically derived in this work. The behavior of ( paves the way to a cross-layer optimization algorithm, which proved to be effective for maximizing the aggregate throughput in a variety of network operating conditions. A nice consequence of the proposed optimization framework relies on the fact that the aggregate throughput can be predicted quite accurately with a simple, yet effective, closed-form expression. Finally, theoretical and simulation results are presented in order to unveil, as well as verify, the key ideas.

  14. Depresión materna perinatal y vínculo madre-bebé: consideraciones clínicas

    OpenAIRE

    Marcia Paola Olhaberry Huber; Macarena Romero Jiménez; Ángela Miranda Largo

    2015-01-01

    La alta frecuencia de los trastornos depresivos en el mundo y las altas tasas reportadas durante el pre y postparto, alertan sobre la necesidad de profundizar en la comprensión de la depresión materna perinatal y sus repercusiones psicológicas en la madre y el niño/a. Se describen y analizan sus características, los factores protectores y de riesgo, los principales efectos en el vínculo madre-bebé, el desarrollo infantil y la identidad materna a partir de una revisión de la literatura existen...

  15. Jet Propellant (JP)-8 Fuel Evaluation Test Mk II - Reset (Mk II R) Bridge Erection Boat (BEB)

    Science.gov (United States)

    2008-10-01

    diesel engines (fig. 2 and 3) equipped with Delphi rotary fuel injection pumps. Figure 1. Mk II R BEB pushing a two-bay IRB raft. TR No. WF-E-83 2... nozzles . The new pump (serial No. 08813K7B) and gasket were installed. 24 May 07 51.0 50.4 44.9 103 Port Fuel Pump and Injectors Replaced. At the...part No. 3909356) were installed on the injector nozzles . The new pump (serial No. 59640HZB) and gasket were installed. 31 May 07 51.5 50.5 44.9 104

  16. Culturas afro-brasileiras: práticas pedagógicas com bebês e crianças pequenas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Circe Mara Marques

    2015-11-01

    Full Text Available Este estudo trata dos modos de apresentação das culturas afro-brasileiras a bebês e crianças pequenas em escolas de educação infantil. O propósito da pesquisa foi investigar e analisar o trabalho pedagógico relacionado às culturas Afro-brasileiras que estão sendo realizados para implementar as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação Infantil (DCNEI, de 2009. Segundo o Art 7º, inciso V, desse documento, as Propostas Pedagógicas devem estar comprometidas com o rompimento das relações de dominação diversas, inclusive, étnico-racial. A coleta de dados foi efetivada pelas estudantes do curso de Pedagogia do Complexo de Ensino Superior de Cachoeirinha, no primeiro semestre de 2015, em onze escolas de educação infantil, públicas e privadas, da grande Porto Alegre. Tal investigação foi organizada em dois momentos, sendo que no primeiro houve uma investigação empírica abarcando observações nas turmas de berçário e entrevistas semiestruturadas com as professoras e gestoras. Em um segundo momento as estudantes retornaram às escolas e desenvolveram práticas pedagógicas voltadas à cultura Afro-brasileira nas turmas pesquisadas. Os resultados da pesquisa mostraram que a maioria das escolas não contempla essa temática racial em seus projetos pedagógicos e, além disso, as gestoras e professoras conhecem muito vagamente as DCNEI. Com relação ao espaço e aos materiais foi constatado que, praticamente, não há imagens de pessoas negras nas paredes das escolas e, em algumas delas, nenhuma boneca negra no acervo de brinquedo disponível para as crianças brincarem. As professoras e gestoras entrevistadas afirmaram que não ocorrem problemas raciais na educação infantil e justificaram que as crianças de 0-3 são pequenas e não percebem tais diferenças. Esse discurso evidencia uma concepção superada de infância a qual desconsidera a potência dos bebês e suas possibilidades de interagir e aprender o mundo

  17. A Unifying Theory of Value Based Management

    OpenAIRE

    Weaver, Samuel C.; Weston, J. Fred

    2003-01-01

    We identify four alternative performance metrics used in value based management (VBM). (1) Basic is an intrinsic value analysis (IVA), the discounted cash flow (DCF) methodology. (2) We show that this framework will be consistent with returns to shareholder (RTS, capital gains plus dividends) measured over appropriate time horizons. (3) Economic profit (EP) [also called economic value added (EVA®)] takes from the DCF free cash flow valuation, net operating profits after taxes (NOPAT), divide...

  18. Performance Analysis of IEEE 802.11 DCF and IEEE 802.11e EDCA in Non-saturation Condition

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kim, Tae Ok; Kim, Kyung Jae; Choi, Bong Dae

    We analyze the MAC performance of the IEEE 802.11 DCF and 802.11e EDCA in non-saturation condition where device does not have packets to transmit sometimes. We assume that a flow is not generated while the previous flow is in service and the number of packets in a flow is geometrically distributed. In this paper, we take into account the feature of non-saturation condition in standards: possibility of transmission performed without preceding backoff procedure for the first packet arriving at the idle station. Our approach is to model a stochastic behavior of one station as a discrete time Markov chain. We obtain four performance measures: normalized channel throughput, average packet HoL (head of line) delay, expected time to complete transmission of a flow and packet loss probability. Our results can be used for admission control to find the optimal number of stations with some constraints on these measures.

  19. Engasgamento em bebês após busca às cegas com os dedos Infants choking following blind finger sweep

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hasan A. Abder-Rahman

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Em situações estressantes, as pessoas geralmente usam os dedos para retirar corpos estranhos de faringe da boca. Este artigo relata três casos de óbito de bebês após o uso dessa técnica. MÉTODOS: Um total de 26 casos de engasgamento causado por aspiração de corpos estranhos nas vias respiratórias superiores e inferiores envolvendo crianças menores de 11 anos submetidas a autopsia no Departamento de Medicina Forense da Universidade da Jordânia entre 1996 e 2006 foram revisados. RESULTADOS: O uso de busca às cegas com os dedos para retirar corpos estranhos de faringe foi relatado em três bebês durante o choro. Todas as crianças eram menores de 1 ano e haviam se engasgado com grãos-de-bico, uma bola de gude e um lápis curto. A diversidade, o tamanho, a forma, e a maciez da superfície são as principais características que fazem com que esses corpos estranhos sejam mais difíceis de ser removidos com os dedos e facilitam sua entrada via respiratória. CONCLUSÃO: Esses casos mostraram que a busca às cegas com os dedos na boca de bebês durante o choro não é somente uma manobra perigosa, mas também pode ser fatal.OBJECTIVE: In stressful situations, people usually use finger sweep to remove pharyngeal foreign bodies from the mouth. This article reports on three cases of death of infants following the use of this technique. METHODS: A total of 26 cases of choking caused by foreign bodies aspiration in the upper and lower respiratory passages involving children younger than 11 years of age autopsied at the Forensic Department of University of Jordânia between 1996 and 2006 were reviewed. RESULTS: Blind finger sweep to remove pharyngeal foreign bodies were reported in three crying infants. All of these cases were younger than 1 year of age and choked on a chickpea, a marble and a short pencil. Diversity, size, shape and smoothness of the surface are the main characteristics that render the foreign bodies less easily

  20. Interação mãe-bebê em contexto de depressão materna: aspectos teóricos e empíricos Mother-baby interaction in the context of maternal depression: theoretical and empirical issues

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Giana Bitencourt Frizzo

    2005-04-01

    Full Text Available O presente estudo teve por objetivo revisar a literatura sobre a interação mãe-bebê em situação de depressão materna. Em particular, buscou-se analisar os diversos fatores que podem mediar o impacto da depressão materna no desenvolvimento do bebê, dentre eles a idade da criança, o seu temperamento, a cronicidade do episódio depressivo materno e o estilo interativo da mãe deprimida. A literatura revisada revela que a depressão afeta não só a mãe, mas também o bebê e até mesmo o próprio pai, em vista da influência deste quadro no contexto familiar. Alguns estudos sugerem ainda que a presença do pai e a ausência de conflitos conjugais são fatores que podem amenizar os efeitos da depressão materna para o bebê.The aim of the present study was to review the literature on mother-infant interaction in the context of maternal depression. Particularly, it aimed to examine several factors that could mediate the maternal depression impact on infant development, such as the child's age and temperament, the chronicity of the maternal depression episode and the depressed mother's interaction style. The literature reviewed shows that depression affects not only the mother, but also the baby and even the father, because of its influence on the family context. Some studies also suggest that the father's presence, as well as, the absence of marital conflict , may buffer the maternal depression effects on the baby.

  1. The Benefits of Early Book Sharing (BEBS) for child cognitive and socio-emotional development in South Africa: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dowdall, Nicholas; Cooper, Peter J; Tomlinson, Mark; Skeen, Sarah; Gardner, Frances; Murray, Lynne

    2017-03-09

    Children in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) are at risk for problems in their cognitive, social and behavioural development. Factors such as a lack of cognitive stimulation, harsh parenting practices, and severe and persistent aggression in early childhood are central to the genesis of these problems. Interventions that target the intersection between early childhood development, parenting, and early violence prevention are required in order to meaningfully address these problems. We are conducting a randomised controlled trial to evaluate a parenting intervention for caregivers of children aged between 23 and 27 months, designed to promote child cognitive and socioemotional development in Khayelitsha, a low-income peri-urban township in South Africa. Families are randomly allocated to a book-sharing intervention group or to a wait-list control group. In the intervention, we train caregivers in supportive book-sharing with young children. Training is carried out in small groups over a period of 8 weeks. Data are collected at baseline, post intervention and at 6 months post intervention. In addition to targeting child cognitive development, the intervention aims to improve child socioemotional functioning. The Benefits of Early Book Sharing (BEBS) trial aims to evaluate the impact of an early parenting intervention on several key risk factors for the development of violence, including aspects of parenting and child cognition, prosocial behaviour, aggression, and socioemotional functioning. The study is being carried out in a LMIC where violence constitutes a major social and health burden. Since the intervention is brief and, with modest levels of training, readily deliverable in LMIC contexts, a demonstration that it is of benefit to both child cognitive and socioemotional development would be of significance. The BEBS trial is registered on the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number database, registration number ISRCTN71109104

  2. Aproximadamente 1 de cada 5 bebés de madres adolescentes no es el primero (Preventing Repeat Teen Births)

    Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Podcasts

    2013-04-02

    Este podcast se basa en el informe de los CDC Vital Signs, de abril del 2013, que dice que aproximadamente 1 de cada 5 bebés de madres adolescentes no es el primero, y trata la manera en que los adolescentes, sus padres y tutores legales, los proveedores de atención médica y las comunidades pueden ayudar en la prevención.  Created: 4/2/2013 by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).   Date Released: 4/2/2013.

  3. Elaboração e avaliação de um website sobre o desenvolvimento da linguagem infantil: portal dos bebês - desenvolvimento da linguagem

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aline Martins

    2015-02-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: criar e desenvolver um website na área de fonoaudiologia com enfoque no desenvolvimento da linguagem de bebês de 0 a 48 meses, além de avaliar a qualidade do conteúdo apresentado e os recursos tecnológicos utilizados. MÉTODOS: na primeira fase do projeto foi realizado um levantamento de dados por meio de revisão de literatura sobre o desenvolvimento e aquisição da linguagem infantil. Em seguida esse conteúdo foi inserido no website e avaliado por 20 pais e/ou cuidadores. RESULTADO: o website Portal dos Bebês - Desenvolvimento da Linguagem foi desenvolvido com linguagem voltada a pais e/ou cuidadores, e seu conteúdo foi dividido em três temas: "Desenvolvimento da Linguagem", "Fala e Linguagem" e "Linguagem e o Ambiente". No que se refere à qualidade do conteúdo e da apresentação, o website foi avaliado como "excelente" por todos os participantes da amostra. Quanto à avaliação sobre o vocabulário utilizado e a forma de apresentação do conteúdo, 70% e 75% respectivamente, consideraram o website como "excelente". Em relação à apresentação visual, 85% dos participantes classificaram como "excelentes", já o tipo de navegação foi classificado como "satisfatório" por 50% dos participantes. Quanto à importância que os pais e/ou cuidadores julgam sobre o site a maioria classificou como "excelente" o auxilio que o mesmo dá no desenvolvimento da linguagem da criança. CONCLUSÃO: o website Portal dos Bebês - Desenvolvimento da Linguagem pode ser acessado pelo endereço online http://portaldosbebes.fob.usp.br, e seu conteúdo e recursos tecnológicos utilizados foram avaliados como satisfatório a excelente pelos pais e/ou cuidadores participantes.

  4. Polymer density functional theory approach based on scaling second-order direct correlation function.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhou, Shiqi

    2006-06-01

    A second-order direct correlation function (DCF) from solving the polymer-RISM integral equation is scaled up or down by an equation of state for bulk polymer, the resultant scaling second-order DCF is in better agreement with corresponding simulation results than the un-scaling second-order DCF. When the scaling second-order DCF is imported into a recently proposed LTDFA-based polymer DFT approach, an originally associated adjustable but mathematically meaningless parameter now becomes mathematically meaningful, i.e., the numerical value lies now between 0 and 1. When the adjustable parameter-free version of the LTDFA is used instead of the LTDFA, i.e., the adjustable parameter is fixed at 0.5, the resultant parameter-free version of the scaling LTDFA-based polymer DFT is also in good agreement with the corresponding simulation data for density profiles. The parameter-free version of the scaling LTDFA-based polymer DFT is employed to investigate the density profiles of a freely jointed tangent hard sphere chain near a variable sized central hard sphere, again the predictions reproduce accurately the simulational results. Importance of the present adjustable parameter-free version lies in its combination with a recently proposed universal theoretical way, in the resultant formalism, the contact theorem is still met by the adjustable parameter associated with the theoretical way.

  5. Rumo às primeiras palavras: o enquadre na terapia fonoaudiológica do bebê com deficiência auditiva Towards the first words: therapy setting in intervention for babies with hearing loss

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Renata S. L. Figueiredo

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: descrever e discutir a questão do enquadre no processo terapêutico fonoaudiológico de um bebê deficiente auditivo e suas implicações no método clínico. MÉTODO: estudo de caso por meio de gravações de sessões terapêuticas durante um ano, as quais foram selecionadas, descritas e transcritas conforme método de transcrição proposto por Tait (1992. Foram analisados: contexto das situações de terapia, as técnicas e o método clínico, que contribuíram para o tipo de enquadre terapêutico preconizado e para o desenvolvimento de linguagem da criança estudada. RESULTADOS: o estudo de caso de um bebê deficiente auditivo, identificado no terceiro dia de vida, que iniciou processo terapêutico e indicação de aparelhos de amplificação, com dois meses de idade. Foram problematizadas particularidades do enquadre terapêutico, tais como: espaço físico da sala de terapia, participação da mãe nas sessões. Esses aspectos são fundamentais, mas não suficientes para o atendimento. O espaço potencial que se estabelece na relação terapeuta-mãe-bebê, também abordado no presente estudo, propiciou situações que favoreceram o desenvolvimento de linguagem da criança e ajustes das expectativas da família quanto ao desenvolvimento. As situações propiciadas pelo espaço potencial são montadas para serem interessantes à criança e à mãe, e visam promover o progresso do bebê. CONCLUSÕES: este estudo permitiu explicitar as particularidades do enquadre e as características do processo terapêutico do bebê deficiente auditivo. Demanda, portanto, que a formação do fonoaudiólogo inclua conhecimentos sobre: desenvolvimento infantil dos primeiros anos de vida, processo de construção da relação mãe-bebê, aliados a técnicas terapêuticas que possibilitem transformações no contexto deste enquadre particular.PURPOSE: to describe and discuss the setting in the therapeutic process of a hearing impaired baby and

  6. Modelo Multi-Agente para evitar el olvido de bebés dentro de los automóviles

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fabiola Salas Diaz

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available La estadística de muertes por hipertermia asociadas a vehículos registra una media de 37 menores por año desde 1998 en los Estados Unidos. Se han establecido diversos motivos por los que sucedieron estos hechos, siendo el más frecuente el olvido no intencional del menor por parte del responsable. Con el fin de prevenir los lapsos de memoria se busca aprovechar los recursos tecnológicos existentes para ofrecer una solución a esta problemática. Este trabajo presenta un modelo Multi-agente enfocado en prevenir el olvido de un bebé en un automóvil utilizando el modelo de organización de la metodología INGENIAS.

  7. Avaliação e intervenção de bebês em instituição de acolhimento infantil

    OpenAIRE

    LOPES, Andreza Mourão

    2013-01-01

    O presente estudo aborda a avaliação e intervenção com bebês em uma instituição de acolhimento infantil na cidade de Belém-Pa, através da aplicação da Escala de Desenvolvimento do Comportamento da Criança – EDCC e de um programa de atividades elaborado pela pesquisadora para a estimulação precoce/essencial das habilidades motoras, cognitivas, linguagem e afetivas. Dados referentes à história pregressa de todas as crianças envolvidas no estudo também foram considerados e obtidos por m...

  8. ¿Bebés en las escuelas? Infancias hiperescolarizadas en una cultura prefigurativa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mariano Narodowski

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Desde hace más de una década, se observa en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires un notorio crecimiento de la población de niños y niñas de edades entre 0 a 3 años, con escolarización. En este estudio aportamos evidencia estadística corroborando un relevante incremento de las vacantes disponibles, la privatización de la matrícula y la persistencia de una elevada demanda insatisfecha. Proponemos un andamiaje conceptual para contribuir a responder una pregunta central: ¿cuáles son los cambios culturales y demográficos que están implícitos en el reclamo por más bebés con escolarización? Centramos el estudio en este proceso como emergente de un cambio de época, con nuevas concepciones de infancia y adultez. Por medio del concepto cultura prefigurativa, de Margaret Mead, arriesgamos algunas hipótesis sobre el deterioro del valor del sacrificio adulto‒ paterno.

  9. “Mas os bebês fazem o quê no berçário, heim?” : documentando ações de comunicação, autonomia e saber-fazer de crianças de 6 a 14 meses em contextos de vida coletiva

    OpenAIRE

    Paulo Sergio Fochi

    2013-01-01

    Este estudo se ocupou em investigar sobre quais ações dos bebês com idade entre 06 e 14 meses emergiam de suas experiências com o mundo em contextos de vida coletiva. A partir desta pergunta, também se procurou discutir sobre como as ações dos bebês problematizam o professor desta faixa etária e de que forma se pode pensar no conhecimento pedagógico diante deste cenário. A Pedagogia nesta pesquisa é o campo de conhecimento escolhido e, em virtude disso, utilizou-se como metodologia a abordage...

  10. A (Não Influência do Fator Transgeracional na Escolha de Produtos para Bebês

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    Bruno do Nascimento Sutil

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available O artigo a seguir estuda o processo de decisão de compras das consumidoras de produto para bebês sob a ótica dos influenciadores externos, trazendo à luz o seu processo de busca de informações com seus pares, famílias e outras fontes. Para tal, foram feitas entrevistas em profundidade com sete mães que tiveram filhos até 18 meses antes do período de coleta, e com as avós das crianças. Como principais resultados, se observam o impacto de desconhecidas, porém, pares, como fortes influenciadoras nas escolhas, a partir de suas experiências pessoais com o mesmo tipo de compra. Tal influência demostrou superar, inclusive, as indicações de pessoas próximas, como família e amigos, e influenciadores de autoridade, como médicos pediatras.

  11. Intervenciones con padres y los bebés prematuros admitidos en la uti neonatal: una revisión sistemática

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    Márcia Schaefer Márcia

    2017-05-01

    Full Text Available Este estudio es una revisión sistemática de la literatura acerca de intervenciones facilitadoras del vínculo padre-hijo celebrada con padres y bebés prematuros hospitalizados en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales, publicados en los últimos diez años. Fueron utilizados como términos de búsqueda “intervenciones and bebés prematuros and unidad de cuidados intensivos” y sus traducciones al inglés, incluyendo artículos empíricos, disponibles en su totalidad y publicados en inglés, portugués o español, que surge de la medicina, psicología, enfermería, psiquiatría o multidisciplinaria. Se analizaron los resultados por medio de diez categorías: tipos de publicación, año de publicación, continente y país de origen, investigadores académicos, idioma predominante en las publicaciones, objetivos del estudio, diseño, participantes, herramientas e intervenciones usadas, resultados. Se encontraron once artículos publicados principalmente en revistas médicas, compuestos por autores multidisciplinares, de diseño cuantitativo, y la díada madre-hijo como participante. No hubo artículos de solamente psicólogos, que compusieron dos estudios multidisciplinares, que muestra la necesidad de una comprensión de este fenómeno, ya que las repercusiones de los primeros eslabones de la evolución general de los individuos están profundamente cubiertos en psicología

  12. Tecendo as teias do abandono: além das percepções das mães de bebês prematuros

    OpenAIRE

    Fernandes,Rosangela Torquato; Lamy,Zeni Carvalho; Morsch,Denise; Lamy Filho,Fernando; Coelho,Laura Fernandes

    2011-01-01

    O objetivo foi analisar a rede de eventos envolvidos na intenção de abandono de bebês prematuros por suas mães. Pesquisa qualitativa realizada com 12 mães de prematuros internados na UTIN, do HUUMI. As técnicas foram entrevistas semiestruturadas e grupo focal realizados na internação e no ambulatório de seguimento. Amostra definida pelos critérios de saturação, a partir da repetição das falas. Utilizou-se análise de conteúdo na modalidade de análise temática. Resultados evidenciaram as dificu...

  13. Regulación afectiva diádica madre-bebé y autorregulación del infante en la estructuración psíquica temprana Dyadic affective regulation and infant self regulation in the early psychic structure

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Clara Raznoszczyk de Schejtman

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available El presente trabajo presenta una articulación entre resultados provenientes de la investigación empírica observacional en díadas madre-bebé y conceptualizaciones psicoanalíticas acerca de la estructuración psíquica. Se filmaron 48 díadas madre bebé y se evaluó la regulación afectiva a través del microanálisis de 3 minutos de interacción cara a cara madre-bebé. Se estudió la autoestima materna a través de una entrevista y de instrumentos autoadministrados. Se presentan los resultados obtenidos acerca de las relaciones entre la expresividad observada en la madre y el bebé, y la autoestima materna. Se presenta un desarrollo teórico sobre las implicancias para el psicoanálisis del estudio del fenómeno diádico interactivo y del pasaje de la regulación diádica madrebebé a la autorregulación que va logrando el infante. Se presentan desarrollos de Daniel Stern y Edward Tronick en esta temática y se propone un modelo de intervención clínica en primera infancia.The present paper deals with the overlapping between data obtained from observational mother-infant research and psychoanalytical conceptualizations on psychic structure. 48 mother-infant dyads were videotaped and affective regulation was studied through the microanalysis of 3 minutes face to face interaction. Maternal self esteem was studied through an interview and self administered instruments were offered to the mothers. Results are presented on the relations obtained between the observed expressivity in the mother and the infant, and Maternal Self Esteem. A theoretical discussion is presented regarding implications for psychoanalysis around the study of the interactive dyadic phenomenon and from the process from dyadic affective regulation to infant self regulation. Some ideas on the topic from Daniel Stern and Edward Tronick are presented and a psychotherapeutic intervention model in infancy is proposed.

  14. Rede de significações: perspectiva para análise da inserção de bebês na creche The insertion of babies into a day care center analysed through a network of meanings

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Katia de Souza Amorim

    2000-03-01

    Full Text Available A inserção de bebês em creche envolve familiares, crianças e educadoras em um complexo processo de integração, particularmente em nossa cultura, em que a educação coletiva de bebês é fenômeno recente. As representações sociais e a literatura científica reforçam a noção de que idealmente bebês devem ser cuidados em casa, pela mãe. Assim, freqüentemente, essa se sente culpada por ter que compartilhar os cuidados do(s filho(s. O período inicial do bebê em uma creche, portanto, implica a emergência de novos significados que são atribuídos e assumidos, confrontados e negociados nas interações estabelecidas pelos participantes. Uma perspectiva teórico-metodológica foi desenvolvida para analisar esse processo, baseado em um projeto de pesquisa que acompanhou a inserção de 26 bebês (5-18 meses de idade em uma creche. Registrou-se a situação a partir de gravações em vídeo, fichas de observação e entrevistas. A perspectiva referida destaca três personagens centrais: mãe, criança e educadora, em seus mútuos relacionamentos, os quais criam vários campos interconectados. O campo mãe-criança está inserido, principalmente, no cenário da família. Os outros dois, educadora-criança e mãe-educadora, no cenário da creche. Ambos os cenários estão impregnados por uma matriz socioistórica ampla, criada por complexo sistema cultural, econômico e político. Os vários elementos formam uma rede de significações semióticas, que continuamente se transforma e estrutura/desestrutura o desenvolvimento humano.The insertion of babies in a day care involves family members, child and caregivers in a complex integration process, as in our culture, collective education is a recent phenomenon. Social representations and scientific literature reinforce the notion that, by nature, babies require personal care at home, by their own mother. Consequently, she often feels guilty for leaving her baby in an institution. The baby

  15. Chitosan-based delivery systems for diclofenac delivery: preparation and characterization

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Dreve, Simina; Kacso, Irina; Bratu, Ioan; Indrea, Emil, E-mail: simina.dreve@itim-cj.r [National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 65-103 Donath, 400293 Cluj-Napoca (Romania)

    2009-08-01

    The preparation and characterization of novel materials for drug delivery has rapidly gained importance in development of innovative medicine. The paper concerns the uses of chitosan as an excipient in oral formulations and as a drug delivery vehicle for burnt painful injuries. The use of chitosan (CTS) as base in polyelectrolyte complex systems, to prepare liquid release systems as hydrogels and solid release systems as sponges is presented. In this paper the preparation of CTS hydrogels and sponges carrying diclofenac (DCF), as anti-inflammatory drug is reported. The immobilization of DCF in CTS is done by mixing the CTS hydrogel with the anti-inflammatory drug solutions. The concentration of anti-inflammatory drug in the CTS hydrogel generating the sponges was of 57 mg/l, 72 mg/l and 114 mg/l. The CTS sponges with anti-inflammatory drugs were prepared by freeze-drying at -610{sup 0}C and 0,09 atm. The characterization of the hydrogels and sponges was done by infrared spectra (FTIR) and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-VIS). The results indicated the formation of CTS-DCF intermediates. The DCF molecules are forming temporary chelates in CTS hydrogels and sponges and they are compatible with skin or some of biological fluids with satisfactory results.

  16. Chitosan-based delivery systems for diclofenac delivery: preparation and characterization

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dreve, Simina; Kacso, Irina; Bratu, Ioan; Indrea, Emil

    2009-01-01

    The preparation and characterization of novel materials for drug delivery has rapidly gained importance in development of innovative medicine. The paper concerns the uses of chitosan as an excipient in oral formulations and as a drug delivery vehicle for burnt painful injuries. The use of chitosan (CTS) as base in polyelectrolyte complex systems, to prepare liquid release systems as hydrogels and solid release systems as sponges is presented. In this paper the preparation of CTS hydrogels and sponges carrying diclofenac (DCF), as anti-inflammatory drug is reported. The immobilization of DCF in CTS is done by mixing the CTS hydrogel with the anti-inflammatory drug solutions. The concentration of anti-inflammatory drug in the CTS hydrogel generating the sponges was of 57 mg/l, 72 mg/l and 114 mg/l. The CTS sponges with anti-inflammatory drugs were prepared by freeze-drying at -610 0 C and 0,09 atm. The characterization of the hydrogels and sponges was done by infrared spectra (FTIR) and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-VIS). The results indicated the formation of CTS-DCF intermediates. The DCF molecules are forming temporary chelates in CTS hydrogels and sponges and they are compatible with skin or some of biological fluids with satisfactory results.

  17. Gerencia sin futuro. Caso, subsector de confecciones para ropa de bebé en Cali

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Álvaro Camacho Caicedo

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available El nivel de desarrollo de las habilidades conceptuales, sociales y técnicas de un gerente determinan indiscutiblemente el grado de desarrollo y crecimiento que muestra la empresa que él está dirigiendo. Esta relación se hace más evidente en el campo de las pequeñas empresas. La competitividad de éstas en términos de su velocidad de cambio en cuanto a innovación tecnológica, incursión en nuevos mercados y desarrollo de su personal directivo está en función directa de los valores, visión y diseño de estrategias de sus gerentes. El artículo muestra la relación y contraste existente entre el campo teórico de la denominada gerencia competitiva y la evaluación del desempeño de 20 gerentes caleños ¿ 87% del universo - de pequeñas empresas del subsector de las confecciones para ropa de bebé.

  18. Depresión materna perinatal y vínculo madre-bebé: consideraciones clínicas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcia Paola Olhaberry Huber

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available La alta frecuencia de los trastornos depresivos en el mundo y las altas tasas reportadas durante el pre y postparto, alertan sobre la necesidad de profundizar en la comprensión de la depresión materna perinatal y sus repercusiones psicológicas en la madre y el niño/a. Se describen y analizan sus características, los factores protectores y de riesgo, los principales efectos en el vínculo madre-bebé, el desarrollo infantil y la identidad materna a partir de una revisión de la literatura existente. Se reflexiona también sobre las implicancias clínicas de este trastorno, las alternativas de tratamiento y los desafíos actuales para su abordaje psicoterapéutico integral, considerando los distintos aspectos de la matriz relacional de la díada madre-hijo/a en interacción.

  19. Efeito da intervenção em esteira motorizada na aquisição da marcha independente e desenvolvimento motor em bebês de risco para atraso desenvolvimental Efecto de la intervención en caminadora automática en la adquisición de la marcha independiente y desarrollo motor en bebés de riesgo para retraso de desarrollo Treadmill training effects on walking acquisition and motor development in infants at risk of developmental delay

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Diana Xavier C. Schlittler

    2011-03-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Examinar o efeito de intervenção em esteira motorizada na idade de aquisição da marcha independente em bebês de risco para atraso de desenvolvimento. MÉTODOS: Estudo experimental com 15 lactentes a partir do 5º mês de idade, sendo cinco deles com risco de atraso de desenvolvimento submetidos a sessões de fisioterapia e intervenção em esteira motorizada (Grupo Experimental; cinco com risco de atraso de desenvolvimento submetidos apenas a sessões de fisioterapia (Grupo Controle de Risco; e cinco bebês sem risco de atraso (Grupo Controle Típico. As sessões de fisioterapia ocorreram duas vezes por semana, seguidas de intervenção em esteira motorizada para o grupo experimental. Todos os bebês foram avaliados mensalmente pela Alberta Infant Motor Scale e os participantes do grupo experimental foram filmados durante a realização das passadas na esteira. Comparações entre os grupos ao longo do tempo foram realizadas por análise de variância (ANOVA e de multivariância (MANOVA. RESULTADOS: Os bebês do Grupo Experimental adquiriram a marcha independente aos 12,8 meses e os do Grupo Controle de Risco aos 13,8 meses de idade corrigida, sendo que a aquisição do Grupo Controle de Risco ocorreu mais tarde em relação ao Grupo Controle Típico (1,1 meses; pOBJETIVO: Examinar el efecto de intervención en caminadora automática en la edad de adquisición de la marcha independiente en bebés de riesgo para retraso de desarrollo. MÉTODOS: Estudio experimental de 15 lactantes a partir del 5º mes de edad, siendo 5 con riesgo de retraso de desarrollo sometidos a sesiones de fisioterapia e intervención en caminadora automática (grupo experimental; 5 de riesgo de retraso de desarrollo sometidos solamente a sesiones de fisioterapia (grupo control de riesgo; y 5 bebés sin riesgo de retraso (grupo control típico. Las sesiones de fisioterapia ocurrieron 2 veces en la semana, seguidas de intervención en caminadora autom

  20. Olhar de bebês em desenvolvimento típico: correlações longitudinais encontradas The gaze of babies in typical development: longitudinal correlations

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aline Elise Gerbelli Belini

    2007-09-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Verificar quais as correlações existentes longitudinalmente entre o foco de olhar de bebês, em situação de interação materno-filial livre, ao longo dos primeiros meses de desenvolvimento. MÉTODOS: Dezessete bebês saudáveis foram filmados por 30 minutos, mensalmente, entre zero e quatro meses de vida, em situações cotidianas com suas mães. As filmagens foram analisadas em intervalos consecutivos de 30 segundos, sendo registrada a presença ou ausência de 11 categorias de observação do olhar (alvos do olhar dos bebês, enquanto estes estavam em estado de alerta. RESULTADOS: Foram encontradas 21 correlações estatisticamente significantes entre as categorias de observação do olhar, sendo 16 positivas (76,2% e cinco negativas (23,8%. O momento com maior número de correlações estatisticamente significantes foi na quarta filmagem, e o momento com menor número de correlações estatisticamente significantes foi na segunda filmagem. A correlação estatisticamente significante mais freqüente, encontrada em quatro dos cinco momentos de coleta (80%, foi entre as categorias " olhar para o rosto da mãe" e " olhar para os olhos da mãe" . CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados obtidos, à luz das informações existentes sobre o desenvolvimento inicial de jovens crianças, permitem imaginar relações entre suas competências sensoriais, cognitivas, sociais e afetivas e os alvos de seu olhar. O aprofundamento do tema, com investigações sobre indícios de atenção compartilhada nesta tenra fase, e reflexões sobre os objetos do olhar dos bebês e a saúde de seu desenvolvimento parecem contribuir para o diagnóstico e a prevenção de distúrbios do desenvolvimento.PURPOSE: To verify the longitudinal existing correlations between the babies' target of look in the free maternal-filial situation along the first months of development. METHODS: Seventeen healthy babies aged between zero and four months of life were monthly videotaped for

  1. Preferência manual na ação de alcançar em bebês em função da localização espacial do alvo Infants' manual preference in reaching regarding spatial target location

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rosana Machado Souza

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Preferência manual em bebês de 5 meses de idade foi avaliada em tarefas de alcançar alvos estáticos posicionados na linha média, à direita e à esquerda com referência a coordenadas egocêntricas. A análise da frequência de uso das mãos indicou direção e magnitude de preferência manual diversificadas entre os bebês. Foi observado que os bebês realizaram predominantemente alcances ipsilaterais para alvos posicionados lateralmente. Para alcances na linha média a frequência de uso foi semelhante entre as mãos direita e esquerda. Os resultados sugerem que nessa fase do desenvolvimento a preferência manual para o alcançar é alterada pela posição dos objetos no espaço.Manual preference of 5-month-old infants was evaluated in tasks of reaching static targets positioned on the midline, at the left and right, regarding egocentric coordinates. Frequency analysis of using the hands pointed out to diversified direction and magnitude of manual preference among infants. It was observed that they predominantly made ipsilateral reaches toward targets laterally positioned. Frequency of using the right and left hands was similar for targets located at the midline. The results suggest that in this stage of development manual preference is shifted by the spatial position of the objects.

  2. Paternidade no contexto da prematuridade : da interação do bebê ao 3º mês após a alta hospitalar

    OpenAIRE

    Fernanda Borges de Medeiros

    2012-01-01

    O presente estudo buscou compreender os percursos singulares rumo à paternidade no contexto da reprodução assistida, desde a gestação até o primeiro ano de vida do(s) bebê(s). Foi realizado um estudo de caso coletivo longitudinal. Participaram três homens que se submeteram, junto com as esposas, à fertilização in vitro, sendo a causa da infertilidade masculina ou mista. Os pais responderam entrevistas semiestruturadas em três momentos: a) terceiro trimestre de gestação; b) terceiro mês de vid...

  3. Alimentação nos primeiros três meses de vida dos bebês de uma coorte na cidade de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul Alimentación en los primeros tres meses de vida de los bebés de una coorte en la ciudad de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil Feeding during the first three months of life for infants of a cohort in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cristina Corrêa Kaufmann

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Estudar o padrão alimentar nos primeiros três meses de vida de crianças nascidas na cidade de Pelotas (RS. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte prospectivo com os bebês nascidos entre setembro de 2002 e maio de 2003, na cidade de Pelotas (RS. Incluíram-se 2.741 bebês nas maternidades e uma amostra aleatória de 30% acompanhada no primeiro e terceiro meses de vida. Foram realizadas análises uni, bi e multivariada. Somente as variáveis com pOBJETIVO: Estudiar el estándar alimentar en los primeros tres meses de vida de niños nascidos en la ciudad de Pelotas (RS, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudio de coorte prospectivo con bebés nascidos entre septiembre de 2002 y mayo de 2003, en la ciudad de Pelotas (RS, Brasil. Se incluyó a 2.741 bebés en las maternidades y una muestra aleatoria de 30%, seguida en el primero y el tercero meses de vida. Se realizaron análisis uni, bi y multivariados, y solamente las variables con pOBJECTIVE: To study the feeding pattern in the first three months of babies born in the Pelotas city, in Sothern Brazil. METHODS: Prospective cohort study, with babies born between september 2002 and may 2003. Among 2,741 babies whose mothers were interviewed at the maternity ward, a random sample of 30% was followed up on the first and third months of age. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses were applied. Variables with a p<0.05 were considered as associated. RESULTS: 951 babies were followed up on the first month, 60% were under exclusive maternal breastfeeding, and 10% were already weaned. Smoking during pregnancy, father's educational level lower than four years and the use of a pacifier were associated to weaning. On the third month, 29% had been weaned, 39% received maternal milk exclusively, and 59% were bottle fed. Smoking during pregnancy, father schooling and the use of a pacifier were associated with weaning. There was an increase in the pacifier use - from 56 to 66% between the first and the third month of

  4. Adaptive Backoff Algorithm for Contention Window for Dense IEEE 802.11 WLANs

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ikram Syed

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available The performance improvement in IEEE 802.11 WLANs in widely fluctuating network loads is a challenging task. To improve the performance in this saturated state, we develop an adaptive backoff algorithm that maximizes the system throughput, reduces the collision probability, and maintains a high fairness for the IEEE 802.11 DCF under dense network conditions. In this paper, we present two main advantages of the proposed ABA-CW algorithm. First, it estimates the number of active stations and then calculates an optimal contention window based on the active station number. Each station calculates the channel state probabilities by observing the channel for the total backoff period. Based on these channel states probabilities, each station can estimate the number of active stations in the network, after which it calculates the optimal CW utilizing the estimated active number of stations. To evaluate the proposed mechanism, we derive an analytical model to determine the network performance. From our results, the proposed ABA-CW mechanism achieved better system performance compared to fixed-CW (BEB, EIED, LILD, and SETL and adaptive-CW (AMOCW, Idle Sense mechanisms. The simulation results confirmed the outstanding performance of the proposed mechanism in that it led to a lower collision probability, higher throughput, and high fairness.

  5. Razões maternas para colocar ou não o bebê na creche

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cesar Augusto Piccinini

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available El estudio investigó las razones maternas para inscribir o no al hijo en la guardería en el primer año. El estudio incluyó a 69 madres y sus hijos, de los cuales 26 estaban entrando en los centros de atención y 43 continuarían siendo cuidados por la madre u otros cuidadores. Se entrevistó a las madres sobre la maternidad y la elección de cuidado. El análisis de contenido reveló que la decisión de inscribir o no al hijo en los centros de atención en los primeros seis meses fue influenciada por razones relacionadas con el bebé, sus madres/padres y la red de apoyo. Además de eso, se verificó que las razones maternas para elegir cualquier cuidado estuvieron relacionadas con las necesidades de los hijos. En cuanto a los centros de atención, las madres destacaron su importancia para el desarrollo social y cognitivo, mientras que los otros cuidados, las madres enfatizaron la atención más individualizada. Independiente de las razones específicas, estas estaban involucradas en un proceso complejo y dinámico.

  6. Comparison of fiber lasers based on distributed side-coupled cladding-pumped fibers and double-cladding fibers.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Huang, Zhihe; Cao, Jianqiu; Guo, Shaofeng; Chen, Jinbao; Xu, Xiaojun

    2014-04-01

    We compare both analytically and numerically the distributed side-coupled cladding-pumped (DSCCP) fiber lasers and double cladding fiber (DCF) lasers. We show that, through optimization of the coupling and absorbing coefficients, the optical-to-optical efficiency of DSCCP fiber lasers can be made as high as that of DCF lasers. At the same time, DSCCP fiber lasers are better than the DCF lasers in terms of thermal management.

  7. Serious game e-Baby-Família: tecnologia educacional digital direcionada a oxigenação de bebês pré-termo desenvolvida junto ao pais

    OpenAIRE

    Marcela Mobiglia D\\'Agostini

    2015-01-01

    Mundialmente, estima-se que nasçam, por ano, 15 milhões de bebês pré-termo com alto risco de morbi-mortalidade neonatal, pós-neonatal e durante a infância, devido à imaturidade dos órgãos/sistemas, principalmente respiratório. Tanto que, re-hospitalizações, por afecções respiratórias, são comuns nesta população. Objetivou-se desenvolver uma tecnologia educacional digital, serious game, em e-learning e m-learning, que possua subsídios para suprir as necessidades de aprendizagem dos pais...

  8. Intravascular atherosclerotic imaging with combined fluorescence and optical coherence tomography probe based on a double-clad fiber combiner

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liang, Shanshan; Saidi, Arya; Jing, Joe; Liu, Gangjun; Li, Jiawen; Zhang, Jun; Sun, Changsen; Narula, Jagat; Chen, Zhongping

    2012-07-01

    We developed a multimodality fluorescence and optical coherence tomography probe based on a double-clad fiber (DCF) combiner. The probe is composed of a DCF combiner, grin lens, and micromotor in the distal end. An integrated swept-source optical coherence tomography and fluorescence intensity imaging system was developed based on the combined probe for the early diagnoses of atherosclerosis. This system is capable of real-time data acquisition and processing as well as image display. For fluorescence imaging, the inflammation of atherosclerosis and necrotic core formed with the annexin V-conjugated Cy5.5 were imaged. Ex vivo imaging of New Zealand white rabbit arteries demonstrated the capability of the combined system.

  9. Sexualidade de puérperas com bebês de risco La sexualidad de puérperas con bebés de riesgo Sexuality patterns of mothers with high-risk infants

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leda Maria Belentani

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Identificar possíveis alterações na sexualidade de mulheres que experienciaram o puerpério com bebês de risco. MÉTODOS: Estudo do tipo coorte realizado com 193 puérperas que tiveram filhos nascidos entre maio e outubro de 2008 e incluídos no Programa de Vigilância ao Recém-nascido de Risco de Maringá-PR. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semi-struturada em duas visitas domiciliares, aos 45 dias e seis meses pós-parto. RESULTADOS: Entre as puérperas participantes 45,8% e 26,3% afirmaram que sua sexualidade estava pior do que antes da gravidez, respectivamente, aos 45 dias e seis meses após o parto. Não foi observada associação estatística entre sexualidade e qualquer variável aos 45 dias, mas o foi aos seis meses, após o parto em relação às intercorrências na gravidez (p=0,0259 e convívio com o companheiro (p=0,0093. CONCLUSÃO: Mães de recém-nascidos de risco, em especial, as que apresentaram intercorrência gestacional, necessitam de acompanhamento multidisciplinar e a longo prazoOBJETIVO: Identificar posibles alteraciones en la sexualidad de mujeres que experimentaron el puerperio con bebés de riesgo. MÉTODOS: Estudio de tipo cohorte realizado con 193 puérperas que tuvieron hijos nacidos entre mayo y octubre del 2008 e incluidos en el Programa de Vigilancia al Recién nacido de Riesgo de Maringá-PR. Los datos fueron recolectados por medio de una entrevista semi-estructurada en dos visitas domiciliarias, a los 45 días y seis meses post parto. RESULTADOS: Entre las puérperas participantes el 45,8% y el 26,3% afirmaron que su sexualidad estaba peor que antes del embarazo, a los 45 días y seis meses después del parto, respectivamente. No fue observada la asociación estadística entre sexualidad y cualquier variable a los 45 días, mas sí a los seis meses, después del parto en relación a las intercurrencias en el embarazo (p=0,0259 y convivencia con el compañero (p=0,0093. CONCLUSI

  10. Estudio de la expresividad emocional y la regulación afectiva en díadas madre-bebé durante el primer año de vida y su relación con la autoestima materna Study of emotional expressivity and affective regulation in mother-infant dyads during the first year of life and its relation to maternal self esteem

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Clara Raznoszczyk de Schejtman

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available El presente trabajo presenta una articulación entre resultados provenientes de la investigación empírica observacional en díadas madre-bebé y conceptualizaciones psicoanalíticas acerca de la estructuración psíquica. Se recorren conceptos freudianos acerca del rol del auxiliar externo en los primeros tiempos de la vida y especialmente en la constitución de yo. Estos conceptos se ligan a los aportes acerca de la regulación afectiva y el Modelo de Regulación Mutua producidos por los investigadores de infantes. Se filmaron 40 díadas madre bebé y se evaluó la regulación afectiva a través del microanálisis de 3 minutos de interacción cara a cara madre-bebé y 5 minutos de juego libre. Se estudió la autoestima materna a través de una entrevista y de instrumentos autoadministrados. Se presentan los resultados obtenidos acerca de las relaciones entre: la expresividad observada en la madre y el bebé, la expresividad y la autoestima materna y las diferencias obtenidas en las variables según el género de los bebés.The present paper deals with the overlapping between data obtained from observational mother-infant research and psychoanalytical conceptualizations on psychic structure. Freudian concepts, such as the function of the helping external object in the first time of life are presented and specially ego constitution is described. These concepts are linked to the contributions of infant researchers on affective regulation and Mutual Regulation Model. 40 mother-infant dyads were videotaped and affective regulation was studied through the microanalysis of 3 minutes face to face interaction and 5 minutes free play. Maternal self esteem was studied through an interview and self administered instruments offered to the mothers. Results are presented on: the relations obtained between the observed expressivity in the mother and the infant, the relations obtained between Maternal Self Esteem and expressivity and the relation obtained in

  11. Radon: characteristics in air and dose conversion factors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Porstendoerfer, J.; Reineking, A.

    1998-01-01

    The dose conversion factor (DCF) which gives the relationship between effective dose and potential alpha energy concentration of inhaled short-lived radon decay products is calculated with a dosimetric approach. The calculations are based on a lung dose model with a structure that is related to the new recommended ICRP respiratory tract model (ICRP 66). The characteristics of the radon decay products concerning the unattached fraction and the activity size distribution of the radon decay products are important input quantities for the calculation of DCF. The experimental data about these quantities obtained from measurements in homes, at work places, and in the free atmosphere near ground in the last past years are reported. The DCF fraction of the unattached (DCF u ) and aerosol-attached (DCF ae ) radon decay products for different places are presented, taking into account the measured characteristics. The influence of the unattached radon daughters on the dose conversion factor DCF u is reported and compared with the DCF ae of the aerosol fraction. (author)

  12. Práticas da equipe de enfermagem no processo de alta do bebê pré-termo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kayna Trombini Schmidt

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar as estratégias utilizadas pela equipe de enfermagem atuante na unidade neonatal de um hospital-escola, durante o preparo da família para a alta do prematuro. Trata-se de estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa. Os dados foram coletados entre março e junho de 2011, por meio de observação e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Da análise dos discursos emergiram duas categorias temáticas: Orientações e estratégias profissionais no preparo da família para a alta do prematuro e Dificuldades e potencialidades no espaço da atenção neonatal. A principal estratégia referida pelos profissionais foi a inserção precoce da família no processo de cuidar; a dificuldade destacada foi a ausência dos pais durante a internação do filho. As potencialidades e limitações apontadas por este estudo revelaram que o processo da assistência é dinâmico, necessitando de constantes reajustes e adequações para atender efetiva e integralmente o bebê prematuro e sua família.

  13. Signos Vitales de los CDC–El virus del Zika: Cómo proteger a las mujeres embarazadas y los bebés (Zika Virus: Protecting Pregnant Women and Babies)

    Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Podcasts

    2017-04-04

    Este podcast se basa en el informe de Signos Vitales de los CDC de abril del 2017. La infección por el virus del Zika durante el embarazo puede causar defectos de nacimiento graves. Infórmese sobre cómo proteger a los bebés de afecciones relacionadas con el zika.  Created: 4/4/2017 by National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID).   Date Released: 4/4/2017.

  14. Detección auditiva e intervención tempranas: ¿puede oír su bebé?

    Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Podcasts

    Este podcast es una traducción fiel de la conversación original en inglés con la doctora June Holstrum y la audióloga Pam Mason, y habla sobre la importancia de hacer una prueba exploratoria de la audición a todos los bebés tan pronto como sea posible después del nacimiento. También proporciona información que puede ayudar a los padres y proveedores de salud a determinar si un niño tiene pérdida auditiva, y a encontrar recursos adicionales. (Creado el 6/5/2007 por el Programa de Detección Auditiva e Intervención Tempranas del Centro Nacional de Defectos Congénitos y Deficiencias del Desarrollo, NCBDDD).

  15. MRCI study on the spectroscopic parameters, transition dipole moments and transition probabilities of 16 low-lying states of the BeB radical

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhou, Dan; Shi, Deheng; Sun, Jinfeng; Zhu, Zunlue

    2018-03-01

    In this work, we calculate the potential energy curves of 16 Λ-S and 36 Ω states of beryllium boride (BeB) radical using the complete active space self-consistent field method, followed by the valence internally contracted multireference configuration interaction approach with Davidson correction. The 16 Λ-S states are the X2Π, A2Σ+, B2Π, C2Δ, D2Ʃ-, E2Σ+, G2Π, I2Σ+, a4Σ-, b4Π, c4Σ-, d4Δ, e4Σ+, g4Π, h4Π, and 24Σ+, which are obtained from the first three dissociation channels of the BeB radical. The Ω states are obtained from the Λ-S states. Of the Λ-S states, the G2Π, I2Σ+, and h4Π states exhibit double well curves. The G2Π, b4Π, and g4Π states are inverted with the spin-orbit coupling effect included. The d4Δ, e4Σ+, and g4Π states as well as the second well of the h4Π state are very weakly bound. Avoided crossings exist between the G2Π and H2Π states, the A2Σ+ and E2Σ+ states, the c4Σ- and f4Σ- states, the g4Π and h4Π states, the I2Σ+ and 42Σ+ states, as well as the 24Σ+ and 34Σ+ states. To improve the quality of the potential energy curves, core-valence correlation and scalar relativistic corrections, as well as the extrapolation of the potential energies to the complete basis set limit, are included. The transition dipole moments are computed. Spectroscopic parameters and vibrational levels are determined along with Franck-Condon factors, Einstein coefficients, and radiative lifetimes of many electronic transitions. The transition probabilities are evaluated. The spin-orbit coupling effect on the spectroscopic parameters and vibrational levels is discussed. The spectroscopic parameters, vibrational levels, and transition probabilities reported in this paper can be considered very reliable and can be employed to predict these states in an appropriate spectroscopy experiment.

  16. Experiências de médicos ao comunicarem o diagnóstico da deficiência de bebês aos pais = Physicians’ experiences when communicating the diagnosis of infants’ disability to parents

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luisada, Valquíria

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar os sentimentos e vivências de médicos ao transmitirem a notícia de uma deficiência aos pais, no nascimento do bebê, assim como o preparo/formação que receberam para atuarem neste momento. Material e Métodos: O estudo teve abordagem qualitativa e exploratória, a partir da técnica de entrevista semiestruturada. A pesquisa foi realizada com 10 médicos, entre Obstetras e Neonatologistas na cidade de São Paulo/ SP. As entrevistas foram analisadas e seus resultados discutidos em três diferentes categorias: a Notícia, Sentimentos e Preparo Profissional. Resultados: Os médicos relatam dificuldades ao comunicar os pais sobre a deficiência dos bebês e pensam em estratégias variadas, como falar ao casal; falar apenas para a mãe, falar imediatamente após o parto, esperar algum tempo; revelam tristeza e inexistência de preparo durante a formação em medicina. Conclusão: Foram sinalizadas abordagens inadequadas e ineficazes, e o despreparo e dificuldades na comunicação da notícia, associados à falta de formação acadêmica para desempenhar esta tarefa. Conclui-se que os principais sentimentos vivenciados são a tristeza, a angústia e a solidariedade, com consequências físicas e emocionais para o profissional e, provavelmente, para a família dos pacientes

  17. Integração de informação e reativação da memória: impacto positivo de uma intervenção cognitivo-motora em bebês Information integration and memory reactivation: the positive effects of a cognitive-motor intervention in babies

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carla Skilhan de Almeida

    2010-03-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Investigar os efeitos de uma intervenção cognitivo-motora na integração de informação e reativação da memória de bebês. MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo 40 bebês de seis a oito meses de idade, nascidos a termo e matriculados em creches, permanecendo nelas sete horas por dia com relação educador/bebê de 1/6, provenientes de famílias numerosas e de baixa renda que não participavam de programas interventivos. Uma intervenção cognitivo-motora foi propiciada ao Grupo Interventivo com atividades de perseguição visual, manipulação de brinquedo e controle postural. Para o Grupo Controle, nenhuma intervenção foi propiciada. As atividades da rotina da creche foram mantidas para os dois grupos. Três atividades de manipulação foram avaliadas no início do programa, um mês depois (retenção e três dias após a retenção. Para a análise dos dados, foram utilizados o teste do qui-quadrado com correção de Yates, o teste exato de Fisher e o de Cochran. RESULTADOS: O Grupo Interventivo demonstrou desempenho significativamente superior ao Grupo Controle em evocar informações da memória na retenção e pós-retenção em duas atividades. Mudanças significativas e positivas também foram observadas para o Grupo Interventivo no fator tempo. Os bebês mais velhos do Grupo Interventivo demonstraram melhor capacidade de evocar informação em relação aos mais jovens. Essa tendência não foi observada para o Grupo Controle. CONCLUSÕES: Para potencializar o desenvolvimento global de bebês, as intervenções deveriam ser organizadas implementando tarefas diversificadas com intervalos de aprendizagem apropriados, os quais levem em consideração a capacidade dos bebês de manterem a informação e integrarem essa informação a novos desafiosOBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of a cognitive-motor intervention in the information integration and memory reactivation of babies. METHODS: The participants were 40 babies

  18. Sistema embebido orientado a bebés en etapa de gateo para prevención de accidentes aplicado en un textil inteligente

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Inti Javier Chico Morales

    2018-03-01

    Full Text Available El gateo de los bebés es la forma de descubrir y aprender sus funciones motoras, cognitivas, sociales, emocionales, entre otros. Debido a esto, los infantes se exponen a diferentes peligros como: caídas, quemaduras, lesiones corporales entre las más comunes, donde el hogar es el lugar de mayores incidentes. Debido a lo antes expuesto, la presente investigación se enfoca en el desarrollo de un sistema embebido dentro de un textil inteligente que permita advertir y prevenir accidentes. El sistema se encuentra en una prenda de vestir en forma de arnés que cuentan con una conexión con rodilleras de gateo con sensores magnéticos. Estos elementos son los encargados de detectar cintas de seguridad magnéticas colocadas previamente en lugares de mayor peligro en el hogar. Como resultado, el sistema emite una alerta con un tiempo de reacción de 7,6 segundos, después de ser activado el sistema.

  19. Detección auditiva e intervención tempranas: ¿puede oír su bebé?

    Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Podcasts

    2007-06-15

    Este podcast es una traducción fiel de la conversación original en inglés con la doctora June Holstrum y la audióloga Pam Mason, y habla sobre la importancia de hacer una prueba exploratoria de la audición a todos los bebés tan pronto como sea posible después del nacimiento. También proporciona información que puede ayudar a los padres y proveedores de salud a determinar si un niño tiene pérdida auditiva, y a encontrar recursos adicionales. (Creado el 6/5/2007 por el Programa de Detección Auditiva e Intervención Tempranas del Centro Nacional de Defectos Congénitos y Deficiencias del Desarrollo, NCBDDD).  Created: 6/15/2007 by National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities.   Date Released: 6/15/2007.

  20. Lazer para pais de bebês de risco: a experiência junto ao Hospital das Clínicas de Ribeirão Preto

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mariana Ribeiro Brunherotti

    2000-09-01

    Full Text Available No HCFMRP-USP, a enfermagem tem implementado ações dirigidas aos pais com grupos de apoio, treinamento para alta e envolvimento deles no cuidado progressivo do filho. Procurando expandir essa assistência, implantamos um programa de apoio envolvendo atividades lúdicorecreacionais junto aos pais de bebês hospitalizados nos berçários de risco, cujo relato constitui objeto do presente estudo. As intervenções são executadas por alunas de enfermagem, que se reúnem semanalmente com os pais, por 2 horas, desenvolvendo técnicas de dinâmica de grupo, atividades de lazer; oficinas de criatividade envolvendo atividades manuais; discussão de temas básicos. Através dessas novas estratégias de cuidado, espera-se contribuir com o processo de construção de uma assistência mais integral e humanizada na área de neonatologia, tendo como foco a família.

  1. Depressão pós-parto e alterações de sono aos 12 meses em bebês nascidos na zona urbana da cidade de Pelotas/RS Postpartum depression and sleep disorders in 12 month-old babies born in the urban area of Pelotas city

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eliane Rozales Lopes

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Verificar se existe associação entre as alterações no sono dos bebês aos 12 meses de vida e a depressão pós-parto materna. MÉTODOS: Estudo do tipo transversal aninhado a uma coorte. A amostra foi constituída por mulheres que realizaram o acompanhamento pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS, nas unidades básicas de saúde do município de Pelotas, e que tiveram seus partos a partir de junho/2006. Os bebês de 12 meses oriundos dessa gestação também fazem parte da amostra. Para avaliar a presença de sintomas depressivos nas mães, foi utilizada a Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS e foram investigados os seguintes comportamentos do sono dos bebês: horas de sono por dia, regularidade do horário para dormir e acordar, sono agitado e despertar noturno. Para análise, foi utilizada Regressão de Poisson. RESULTADOS: 35,7% dos bebês possuem alteração no padrão de sono. Após o ajuste ao modelo hierárquico proposto, a alteração no sono infantil manteve associação com a sintomatologia depressiva da mãe (p OBJECTIVE: Verify whether there is association between sleep disorders in babies at 12 months of age and postpartum depression in motherhood. METHODS:Cross sectional study. The sample was made up of women who had done their prenatal medical care at the National Health System (SUS, at the health basic units in Pelotas and who had their deliveries from June, 2006. The 12 month old babies from these women are also part of the sample. In order to assess depressive symptoms in the mothers, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was used and the following sleeping behaviors of the babies were investigated: hours of sleep per day, regularity of sleep and wake up time, disturbed sleep and night awakening. Poisson Regression was used for the analysis. RESULTS: 35.7% of the babies showed alterations in their sleeping patterns. After adjusting for the proposed hierarchal model, sleep alteration of the babies was still

  2. Does Accrual Management Impair the Performance of Earnings-Based Valuation Models?

    OpenAIRE

    Lucie Courteau; Jennifer L. Kao; Yao Tian

    2013-01-01

    This study examines empirically how the presence of accrual management may affect firm valuation. We compare the performance of earnings-based and non-earnings-based valuation models, represented by Residual Income Model (RIM) and Discounted Cash Flow (DCF), respectively, based on the absolute percentage pricing and valuation errors for two subsets of US firms: “Suspect” firms that are likely to have engaged in accrual management and “Normal” firms matched on industry, year and size. Results ...

  3. On Curating Multimodal Sensory Data for Health and Wellness Platforms

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Muhammad Bilal Amin

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available In recent years, the focus of healthcare and wellness technologies has shown a significant shift towards personal vital signs devices. The technology has evolved from smartphone-based wellness applications to fitness bands and smartwatches. The novelty of these devices is the accumulation of activity data as their users go about their daily life routine. However, these implementations are device specific and lack the ability to incorporate multimodal data sources. Data accumulated in their usage does not offer rich contextual information that is adequate for providing a holistic view of a user’s lifelog. As a result, making decisions and generating recommendations based on this data are single dimensional. In this paper, we present our Data Curation Framework (DCF which is device independent and accumulates a user’s sensory data from multimodal data sources in real time. DCF curates the context of this accumulated data over the user’s lifelog. DCF provides rule-based anomaly detection over this context-rich lifelog in real time. To provide computation and persistence over the large volume of sensory data, DCF utilizes the distributed and ubiquitous environment of the cloud platform. DCF has been evaluated for its performance, correctness, ability to detect complex anomalies, and management support for a large volume of sensory data.

  4. On Curating Multimodal Sensory Data for Health and Wellness Platforms

    Science.gov (United States)

    Amin, Muhammad Bilal; Banos, Oresti; Khan, Wajahat Ali; Muhammad Bilal, Hafiz Syed; Gong, Jinhyuk; Bui, Dinh-Mao; Cho, Soung Ho; Hussain, Shujaat; Ali, Taqdir; Akhtar, Usman; Chung, Tae Choong; Lee, Sungyoung

    2016-01-01

    In recent years, the focus of healthcare and wellness technologies has shown a significant shift towards personal vital signs devices. The technology has evolved from smartphone-based wellness applications to fitness bands and smartwatches. The novelty of these devices is the accumulation of activity data as their users go about their daily life routine. However, these implementations are device specific and lack the ability to incorporate multimodal data sources. Data accumulated in their usage does not offer rich contextual information that is adequate for providing a holistic view of a user’s lifelog. As a result, making decisions and generating recommendations based on this data are single dimensional. In this paper, we present our Data Curation Framework (DCF) which is device independent and accumulates a user’s sensory data from multimodal data sources in real time. DCF curates the context of this accumulated data over the user’s lifelog. DCF provides rule-based anomaly detection over this context-rich lifelog in real time. To provide computation and persistence over the large volume of sensory data, DCF utilizes the distributed and ubiquitous environment of the cloud platform. DCF has been evaluated for its performance, correctness, ability to detect complex anomalies, and management support for a large volume of sensory data. PMID:27355955

  5. Degradation of Diclofenac by sonosynthesis of pyrite nanoparticles.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Khabbaz, M; Entezari, M H

    2017-02-01

    The aim of this work is to evaluate the ability of synthesized pyrite nanoparticles (NPs) on the degradation of Diclofenac (DCF) as a model pharmaceutical pollutant. Pyrite NPs were synthesized by sonication with 20 kHz apparatus under optimum conditions. The effects of pyrite loading (0.02-0.20 g/L), DCF concentration (10-50 mg/L) and initial pH (2-10) on the degradation were investigated. The results revealed that the NPs have a great activity in the degradation of DCF with 25 mg/L concentration. A first-order kinetic model was found to match the experimental data. Complete degradation (100%) of DCF was achieved by pyrite within 3 min and 20 min in acidic and natural pH, respectively. To gain an understanding of the degradation mechanism and the role of pyrite, a UV-Vis spectrophotometer was employed to follow the DCF concentration. In addition, the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and the amounts of ammonium and chloride ions verified complete degradation of DCF in both pH values. The results demonstrated that Fe 2+ ions were generated by the pyrite surface and the hydroxyl radical (OH) was formed by Fe 2+ ions through the Fenton reaction. Based on using radical scavengers in the degradation process, OH was mainly responsible for the fast degradation of DCF. COD measurements confirmed that DCF finally degraded to further oxidized forms (NH 4 + , Cl - ). Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  6. Adsorption and removal of clofibric acid and diclofenac from water with MIEX resin.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lu, Xian; Shao, Yisheng; Gao, Naiyun; Chen, Juxiang; Zhang, Yansen; Wang, Qiongfang; Lu, Yuqi

    2016-10-01

    This study demonstrates the use of MIEX resin as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of clofibric acid (CA) and diclofenac (DCF). The adsorption performance of CA and DCF are investigated by a batch mode in single-component or bi-component adsorption system. Various factors influencing the adsorption of CA and DCF, including initial concentration, contact time, adsorbent dosage, initial solution pH, agitation speed, natural organic matter and coexistent anions are studied. The Langmuir model can well describe CA adsorption in single-component system, while the Freundlich model gives better fitting in bi-component system. The DCF adsorption can be well fitted by the Freundlich model in both systems. Thermodynamic analyses show that the adsorption of CA and DCF is an endothermic (ΔH(o) > 0), entropy driven (ΔS(o) > 0) process and more randomness exists in the DCF adsorption process. The values of Gibbs free energy (ΔG(o)  0) for CA adsorption. The kinetic data suggest the adsorption of CA and DCF follow the pseudo-first-order model in both systems and the intra-particle is not the unique rate-limiting step. The adsorption process is controlled simultaneously by external mass transfer and surface diffusion according to the surface diffusion modified Biot number (Bis) ranging from 1.06 to 26.15. Moreover, the possible removal mechanism for CA and DCF is respectively proposed based on the ion exchange stoichiometry. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  7. Ensinando o pai a brincar com seu bebê com síndrome de Down Teaching the father how to play with his baby with Down's syndrome

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nancy Capretz Batista da Silva

    2012-03-01

    Full Text Available Os membros da família de uma pessoa com necessidades educacionais especiais podem precisar de assistência e deveriam ser clientes de serviços e intervenções profissionais. Embora as mães sejam o principal cuidador da criança em contato com os programas de intervenção precoce, estudos têm cada vez mais mostrado a importância do pai e de sua participação. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar se uma intervenção direcionada ao pai altera seus padrões de interações diádicas com seu bebê com síndrome de Down em situações de brincadeira. Foi utilizado o Protocolo de Categorias de Análise das Filmagens de Interação na análise de cinco filmagens de interação: duas antes, uma durante, uma após a intervenção e uma de follow-up. O pai participou de treino de comportamentos para o desenvolvimento do bebê, com orientações sobre como estimular a criança. Houve o aumento na frequência de comportamentos positivos após o feedback fornecido aos pais e ao longo da intervenção até o final desta, indicando um efeito positivo das orientações fornecidas. As mães, que não passaram pelo treino, não tiveram os mesmos ganhos. Contudo, os efeitos nos pais não se mantiveram no follow-up. As crianças também passaram a exibir mais comportamentos positivos em interação. Conclui-se que os objetivos foram alcançados e que é possível envolver o pai nos programas de intervenção precoce visando ao melhor desenvolvimento de bebês com atraso.Family members of a person with special educational needs may need assistance and should be customers of professional services and interventions. Although mothers are the child primary caregiver in touch with early intervention programs, studies have increasingly shown the importance of fathers and their participation. This study aimed to evaluate whether an intervention directed at fathers changes their patterns of dyadic interactions with their baby with Down syndrome in play situations

  8. Ion-exchange selectivity of diclofenac, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, and naproxen in ureolyzed human urine.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Landry, Kelly A; Sun, Peizhe; Huang, Ching-Hua; Boyer, Treavor H

    2015-01-01

    This research advances the knowledge of ion-exchange of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) - diclofenac (DCF), ibuprofen (IBP), ketoprofen (KTP), and naproxen (NPX) - and one analgesic drug-paracetamol (PCM) - by strong-base anion exchange resin (AER) in synthetic ureolyzed urine. Freundlich, Langmuir, Dubinin-Astakhov, and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models were fit to experimental equilibrium data using nonlinear least squares method. Favorable ion-exchange was observed for DCF, KTP, and NPX, whereas unfavorable ion-exchange was observed for IBP and PCM. The ion-exchange selectivity of the AER was enhanced by van der Waals interactions between the pharmaceutical and AER as well as the hydrophobicity of the pharmaceutical. For instance, the high selectivity of the AER for DCF was due to the combination of Coulombic interactions between quaternary ammonium functional group of resin and carboxylate functional group of DCF, van der Waals interactions between polystyrene resin matrix and benzene rings of DCF, and possibly hydrogen bonding between dimethylethanol amine functional group side chain and carboxylate and amine functional groups of DCF. Based on analysis of covariance, the presence of multiple pharmaceuticals did not have a significant effect on ion-exchange removal when the NSAIDs were combined in solution. The AER reached saturation of the pharmaceuticals in a continuous-flow column at varying bed volumes following a decreasing order of DCF > NPX ≈ KTP > IBP. Complete regeneration of the column was achieved using a 5% (m/m) NaCl, equal-volume water-methanol solution. Results from multiple treatment and regeneration cycles provide insight into the practical application of pharmaceutical ion-exchange in ureolyzed urine using AER.

  9. Biotic nitrosation of diclofenac in a soil aquifer system (Katari watershed, Bolivia).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chiron, Serge; Duwig, Céline

    2016-09-15

    Up till now, the diclofenac (DCF) transformation into its nitrogen-derivatives, N-nitroso-DCF (NO-DCF) and 5-nitro-DCF (NO2-DCF), has been mainly investigated in wastewater treatment plant under nitrification or denitrification processes. This work reports, for the first time, an additional DCF microbial mediated nitrosation pathway of DCF in soil under strictly anoxic conditions probably involving codenitrification processes and fungal activities. This transformation pathway was investigated by using field observations data at a soil aquifer system (Katari watershed, Bolivia) and by carrying out soil slurry batch experiments. It was also observed for diphenylamine (DPA). Field measurements revealed the occurrence of NO-DCF, NO2-DCF and NO-DPA in groundwater samples at concentration levels in the 6-68s/L range. These concentration levels are more significant than those previously reported in wastewater treatment plant effluents taking into account dilution processes in soil. Interestingly, the p-benzoquinone imine of 5-OH-DCF was also found to be rather stable in surface water. In laboratory batch experiments under strictly anoxic conditions, the transformation of DCF and DPA into their corresponding N-nitroso derivatives was well correlated to denitrification processes. It was also observed that NO-DCF evolved into NO2-DCF while NO-DPA was stable. In vitro experiments showed that the Fisher-Hepp rearrangement could not account for NO2-DCF formation. One possible mechanism might be that NO-DCF underwent spontaneous NO loss to give the resulting intermediates diphenylaminyl radical or nitrenium cation which might evolve into NO2-DCF in presence of NO2 radical or nitrite ion, respectively. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  10. An ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescent immunosensor based on graphene oxide coupled graphite-like carbon nitride and multiwalled carbon nanotubes-gold for the detection of diclofenac.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hu, Liuyi; Zheng, Jing; Zhao, Kang; Deng, Anping; Li, Jianguo

    2018-03-15

    In this study, a novel competition-type electrochemiluminescent (ECL) immunosensor for detecting diclofenac (DCF) was fabricated with graphene oxide coupled graphite-like carbon nitride (GO-g-C 3 N 4 ) as signal probe for the first time. The ECL intensity of carboxylated g-C 3 N 4 was significantly enhanced after being combined with graphene oxide (GO) which exhibited excellent charge-transport property. The sensing platform was constructed by multiwalled carbon nanotubes and gold nanoparticles (MWCNTs-AuNPs), which not only provided an effective matrix for immobilizing a large amount of coating antigen but also facilitated the electronic transmission rate to enhance the ECL intensity. Based on the synergistic effect of GO-g-C 3 N 4 and MWCNTs-AuNPs composite, the proposed sensor showed high sensitivity, good stability, and wide linearity for the detection of DCF in the range of 0.005-1000ngmL -1 with a detection limit of 1.7pgmL -1 . Furthermore, the developed immunoassay has been applied to real samples with satisfactory results. Therefore, this work provided a promising method for the detection of DCF and other small molecular compounds in the future. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  11. Highly efficient and stable cyclometalated ruthenium(II) complexes as sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Huang, Jian-Feng; Liu, Jun-Min; Su, Pei-Yang; Chen, Yi-Fan; Shen, Yong; Xiao, Li-Min; Kuang, Dai-Bin; Su, Cheng-Yong

    2015-01-01

    Highlights: • Four novel thiocyanate-free cyclometalated ruthenium sensitizer were conveniently synthesized. • The D-CF 3 -sensitized DSSCs show higher efficiency compared to N719 based cells. • The DSSCs based on D-CF 3 and D-bisCF 3 sensitizers exhibit excellent long-term stability. • The diverse cyclometalated Ru complexes can be developed as high-performance sensitizers for use in DSSC. - Abstract: Four novel thiocyanate-free cyclometallted Ru(II) complexes, D-bisCF 3 , D-CF 3 , D-OMe, and D-DPA, with two 4,4′-dicarboxylic acid-2,2′-bipyridine together with a functionalized phenylpyridine ancillary ligand, have been designed and synthesized. The effect of different substituents (R = bisCF 3 , CF 3 , OMe, and DPA) on the ancillary C^N ligand on the photophysical properties and photovoltaic performance is investigated. Under standard global AM 1.5 solar conditions, the device based on D-CF 3 sensitizer gives a higher conversion efficiency of 8.74% than those based on D-bisCF 3 , D-OMe, and D-DPA, which can be ascribed to its broad range of visible light absorption, appropriate localization of the frontier orbitals, weak hydrogen bonds between -CF 3 and -OH groups at the TiO 2 surface, moderate dye loading on TiO 2 , and high charge collection efficiency. Moreover, the D-bisCF 3 and D-CF 3 based DSSCs exhibit good stability under 100 mW cm −2 light soaking at 60 °C for 400 h

  12. Bebês: o irresistível poder da graciosidade. Um estudo sobre o significado evolutivo dos traços infantis Babies: the irresistible power of cuteness. A study concerning the evolutionary function of infantile traits

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Monique Leitão

    2010-04-01

    Full Text Available Os bebês, em geral, despertam ternura e comportamentos de cuidado nas pessoas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi discutir a atração provocada pelos traços infantis, tendo como referencial teórico os quatro níveis de explicação de Tinbergen. Do ponto de vista dos mecanismos que desencadeiam essa atração neonatal, avaliamos a importância da aparência do infante para eliciar as respostas de cuidado parental. Considerando a função adaptativa desta característica, discutimos os processos evolutivos que moldaram as preferências pelos atributos infantis, além da história filogenética do favoritismo pelos sinais morfológicos de filhotes. Apresentamos, ainda, dados sobre o desenvolvimento deste traço comportamental ao longo da vida. Tomadas em conjunto, estas informações provêem uma análise de por que achamos os bebês tão irresistíveis.Babies generally elicit tenderness and caretaking behaviors on people. The aim of this study is to discuss the attraction towards babyish features, taking Tinbergen's four questions as a theoretical benchmark. Concerning the mechanisms implicated in this neonatal attraction, we evaluated the importance of children´s morphology on eliciting parental responses. Considering the adaptive function of this characteristic, we discuss the evolutionary process that shaped the preferences towards infantile traits as well as the phylogeny of the preference towards infant´s morphological traits. It was also presented data about the development of this behavioral trait across life span. The information provided here suggests a reason why we find babies such irresistible creatures.

  13. Underground gas storage Uelsen: Findings from planning, building and commissioning. Part 1: Deposit; Untertagegasspeicher Uelsen: Erkenntnisse aus Planung, Bau und Inbetriebnahme. Teil 1: Lagerstaette

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wallbrecht, J.; Beckmann, H.; Reiser, H.; Wilhelm, R. [BEB Erdgas und Erdoel GmbH, Hannover (Germany)

    1998-12-31

    The underground gas storage at Uelsen which was built as a H-gas storage in a former variegated sandstone gasfield in Western Lower Saxony close to the town of Nordhorn has added to the gas supply system of the BEB Erdgas and Erdoel GmbH. The underground storage is connected to the Bunde-Rheine transport pipeline BEB-grid gas system by a 27 km pipeline and is a consequent expansion of BEB`s underground storage/transport system. Planning, building and commissioning were handled by BEB. Findings to date are described. [Deutsch] Der Untertagegasspeicher (UGS) Uelsen, der in einem ehemaligen Buntsandstein Gasfeld im westlichen Niedersachsen in der Naehe der Stadt Nordhorn als H-Gasspeicher eingerichtet wurde, hat die BEB Erdgas und Erdoel GmbH eine weitere Staerkung ihres Gasversorgungssystems erreicht. Der UGS Uelsen ist ueber eine 27 km lange Anbindungsleitung mit der zum BEB - Ferngasleitungssystems gehoerenden Bunde-Rheine Transportleitung verbunden und stellt eine konsequente Erweiterung des BEB Untertagegasspeicher-/Transportsystems dar. Planung, Bau und Inbetriebnahme erfolgten durch BEB im Rahmen einer integrierten bereichsuebergreifenden Projektbearbeitung. Die hierbei gewonnenen Erkenntnisse werden im Folgenden fuer den Untertagebereich dargestellt. (orig.)

  14. Computational insights into the photocyclization of diclofenac in solution: effects of halogen and hydrogen bonding.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bani-Yaseen, Abdulilah Dawoud

    2016-08-21

    The effects of noncovalent interactions, namely halogen and hydrogen bonding, on the photochemical conversion of the photosensitizing drug diclofenac (DCF) in solution were investigated computationally. Both explicit and implicit solvent effects were qualitatively and quantitatively assessed employing the DFT/6-31+G(d) and SQM(PM7) levels of theory. Full geometry optimizations were performed in solution for the reactant DCF, hypothesized radical-based intermediates, and the main product at both levels of theories. Notably, in good agreement with previous experimental results concerning the intermolecular halogen bonding of DCF, the SQM(PM7) method revealed different values for d(ClO, Å) and ∠(C-ClO, °) for the two chlorine-substituents of DCF, with values of 2.63 Å/162° and 3.13 Å/142° for the trans and cis orientations, respectively. Employing the DFT/6-31+G(d) method with implicit solvent effects was not conclusive; however, explicit solvent effects confirmed the key contribution of hydrogen and halogen bonding in stabilizing/destabilizing the reactant and hypothesized intermediates. Interestingly, the obtained results revealed that a protic solvent such as water can increase the rate of photocyclization of DCF not only through hydrogen bonding effects, but also through halogen bonding. Furthermore, the atomic charges of atoms majorly involved in the photocyclization of DCF were calculated using different methods, namely Mulliken, Hirshfeld, and natural bond orbital (NBO). The obtained results revealed that in all cases there is a notable nonequivalency in the noncovalent intermolecular interactions of the two chlorine substituents of DCF and the radical intermediates with the solvent, which in turn may account for the discrepancy of their reactivity in different media. These computational results provide insight into the importance of halogen and hydrogen bonding throughout the progression of the photochemical conversion of DCF in solution.

  15. A computational study on tuning the field emission and electronic properties of BN nanocones by impurity atom doping

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ahmadi, S.; Delir Kheirollahi Nezhad, P.; Hosseinian, A.; Vessally, E.

    2018-06-01

    We have inspected the effect of substituting a boron or nitrogen atom of a BN nanocone (BNNC) by two impurity atoms with lower and higher atomic numbers based on the density functional theory calculations. Our results explain the experimental observations in a molecular level. Orbital and partial density of states analyses show that the doping processes increase the electrical conductivity by creating new states within the gap of BNNC as follows: BeB > ON > CB > CN. The electron emission current from the surface of BNNC is improved after the CB and BeB dopings, and it is decreased by CN and ON dopings. The BeB and CN dopings make the BNNC a p-type semiconductor and the CB and ON dopings make it an n-type one in good agreement with the experimental results. The ON and BeB doping processes are suggested for the field emission current, and electrical conductivity enhancement, respectively.

  16. A importância da intervenção precoce com pais de bebês que nascem com alguma deficiência The importance of early intervention with parents of babies who are born with a deficiency

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carla Anauate

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available O presente trabalho, à luz da teoria de Winnicott, que elucida a importância do ambiente e da relação interpessoal para a constituição de um ser humano saudável, pretende apresentar uma proposta de intervenção para trabalhar com os pais de bebês que nascem com alguma deficiência. É no apontar a dois que se confirma a realidade, que se vê nos olhos do outro o seu próprio olhar. Para tanto, o primeiro cuidador, instrumentalizado com informações e orientações poderá propiciar meios para que esse bebê se desenvolva plenamente. Respeitando as suas iniciativas espontâneas e originais, seu modo de se expressar, e sendo contingente em retorno, proporcionará a essa criança um sentido de aceitação e de compreensão de suas expressões, inserindo-a adequadamente no meio circundante.The present article, using Winnicott's theory as a background, which elucidates the importance of the environment and of social relations to constitute a healthy human being, intends to present an intervention proposal with parents of a newborn deficient baby. It is by pointing at reality two by two that one sees in the eyes of the other his own eyes. In spite of this, the first caregiver, instructed with information and orientations, will be able to offer conditions for this deficient baby to develop himself completely. It is by respecting the spontaneous and original initiatives of the baby, his own way of expressing himself, and by being contingent in return, that this child will be able to acknowledge a sense of acceptance and comprehension of his own expressions, positioning him adequately into the environment.

  17. Brazilian energy balance 2014 - calendar year 2013: final report; Balanco energetico nacional 2014 - ano base 2013: relatorio final

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2014-08-01

    The BEB is divided into eight chapters and ten annexes, whose contents are as follow: Chapter 1- Energy analysis and aggregated data- presents energy highlights per source in 2012 and analyses the evolution of the domestic energy supply and its relationship with economic growth in 2013; Chapter 2- Energy supply and demand by source- has the accountancy, per primary and secondary energy sources, of the production, import, export, variation of stocks, losses, adjustments, disaggregated total per socioeconomic sector in the country; Chapter 3- Energy consumption by sector- presents the final energy consumption classified by primary and secondary source for each sector of the economy; Chapter 4- Energy imports and exports- presents the evolution of the data on the import and export of energy and the dependence on external energy; Chapter 5- Balance of transformation centers- presents the energy balances for the energy transformation centers including their losses; Chapter 6- Energy resources and reserves- has the basic concepts use in the survey of resources and reserves of primary energy sources; Chapter 7- Energy and socioeconomics- contains a comparison of energy, economic and population parameters, specific consumption, energy intensities, average prices and spending on petroleum imports; Chapter 8- State energy data- presents energy data for the states by Federal Unit, main energy source production, energy installations, reserves and hydraulic potential; Relating to annexes the current structure is presented bellow: Annex 1- Installed capacity- shows the installed capacity of electricity generation, the installed capacity of Itaipu hydro plant and the installed capacity for oil refining.; Annex 2- Self-production of electricity- presents disaggregated data of self-production, considering sources and sectors. Annex 3- World energy data- presents the main indicators for the production, import, export and consumption per energy source and region; Annex 4- Useful

  18. Brazilian energy balance 2013 - calendar year 2012: final report; Balanco energetico nacional 2013 - ano base 2012: relatorio final

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2013-07-01

    The BEB is divided into eight chapters and ten annexes, whose contents are as follow: Chapter 1- Energy analysis and aggregated data- presents energy highlights per source in 2012 and analyses the evolution of the domestic energy supply and its relationship with economic growth in 2012; Chapter 2- Energy supply and demand by source- has the accountancy, per primary and secondary energy sources, of the production, import, export, variation of stocks, losses, adjustments, disaggregated total per socioeconomic sector in the country; Chapter 3- Energy consumption by sector- presents the final energy consumption classified by primary and secondary source for each sector of the economy; Chapter 4- Energy imports and exports- presents the evolution of the data on the import and export of energy and the dependence on external energy; Chapter 5- Balance of transformation centers- presents the energy balances for the energy transformation centers including their losses; Chapter 6- Energy resources and reserves- has the basic concepts use in the survey of resources and reserves of primary energy sources; Chapter 7- Energy and socioeconomics- contains a comparison of energy, economic and population parameters, specific consumption, energy intensities, average prices and spending on petroleum imports; Chapter 8- State energy data- presents energy data for the states by Federal Unit, main energy source production, energy installations, reserves and hydraulic potential; Relating to annexes the current structure is presented bellow: Annex 1- Installed capacity- shows the installed capacity of electricity generation, the installed capacity of Itaipu hydro plant and the installed capacity for oil refining; Annex 2- Self-production of electricity- presents disaggregated data of self-production, considering sources and sectors. Annex 3- World energy data- presents the main indicators for the production, import, export and consumption per energy source and region; Annex 4- Useful

  19. Increase in covalent binding of 5-hydroxydiclofenac to hepatic tissues in rats co-treated with lipopolysaccharide and diclofenac: involvement in the onset of diclofenac-induced idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kishida, Tomoyuki; Onozato, Tomoya; Kanazawa, Toru; Tanaka, Satoru; Kuroda, Junji

    2012-01-01

    Diclofenac (DCF), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, is well known to induce idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity. Although there remains much to be elucidated about its onset mechanism, it is widely accepted as a hypothesis that idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity arises from a specific immune response to a hapten formed by covalent binding of drugs or their reactive metabolites to hepatic tissues. In this study, we investigated the effects of covalent binding of DCF reactive metabolites to hepatic tissues using a rat model of liver injury induced by co-treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at a non-hepatotoxic dose. In studies done in vitro using hepatic microsomes prepared from rats treated with LPS alone, 4'- and 5-hydroxylation activities on DCF metabolism and adducts of reactive metabolites to dansyl glutathione (dGSH) were markedly decreased associated with a decrease in total P450 content. However, in studies done in vivo, the LPS/DCF co-treatment significantly increased adducts of 5-hydroxydiclofenac (5-OH-DCF) to rat hepatic tissues and delayed the elimination of 5-OH-DCF from plasma. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of co-treatment on hepatic GSH level in rats. A decrease of hepatic GSH was observed with the LPS/DCF co-treatment but not with LPS or DCF alone. The results suggest that covalent binding of reactive metabolites via 5-OH-DCF to hepatic tissues may play an important role in the onset of DCF-induced idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity, especially under decreased GSH conditions.

  20. Diclofenac enhances proinflammatory cytokine-induced nitric oxide production through NF-κB signaling in cultured astrocytes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kakita, Hiroki; Aoyama, Mineyoshi; Hussein, Mohamed Hamed; Kato, Shin; Suzuki, Satoshi; Ito, Tetsuya; Togari, Hajime; Asai, Kiyofumi

    2009-01-01

    Recently, the number of reports of encephalitis/encephalopathy associated with influenza virus has increased. In addition, the use of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, diclofenac sodium (DCF), is associated with a significant increase in the mortality rate of influenza-associated encephalopathy. Activated astrocytes are a source of nitric oxide (NO), which is largely produced by inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in response to proinflammatory cytokines. Therefore, we investigated whether DCF enhances nitric oxide production in astrocytes stimulated with proinflammatory cytokines. We stimulated cultured rat astrocytes with three cytokines, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ, and then treated the astrocytes with DCF or acetaminophen (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol: APAP). iNOS and NO production in astrocyte cultures were induced by proinflammatory cytokines. The addition of DCF augmented NO production, but the addition of APAP did not. NF-κB inhibitors SN50 and MG132 inhibited iNOS gene expression in cytokine-stimulated astrocytes with or without DCF. Similarly, NF-κB p65 Stealth small interfering RNA suppressed iNOS gene expression in cytokine-stimulated astrocytes with or without DCF. LDH activity and DAPI staining showed that DCF induces cell damage in cytokine-stimulated astrocytes. An iNOS inhibitor, L-NMMA, inhibited the cytokine- and DCF-induced cell damage. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that iNOS and NO are induced in astrocyte cultures by proinflammatory cytokines. Addition of DCF further augments NO production. This effect is mediated via NF-κB signaling and leads to cell damage. The enhancement of DCF on NO production may explain the significant increase in the mortality rate of influenza-associated encephalopathy in patients treated with DCF.

  1. The effect of dry caper (capparis spinosa) fruit on egg production and quality characteristics of laying hens

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yildirim, A.; Tahtali, Y.; Sen, M. I.; Duman, M.

    2014-01-01

    This study was conducted to determine the effect of increasing dietary inclusion of dry Caper (Capparis spinosa) fruit (DCF) on egg production and quality characteristics of laying hens between 20 and 32 weeks of age. Four groups of commercial hens (ATAK-S) were fed with diets containing 0, 5, 10 and 15 g DCF/kg. The results showed that final body weight, feed intake, shape index (SI) and morning hen - day egg yield were influenced by dietary supplementation of DCF (P 0.05) during the entire experiment. The lightness (L*) and redness (a*) values for egg shell color were similar (P>0.05) in the DCL supplemented groups as compared to the control group. The yellowness (b*), Hue angle (H), chroma (C*) and E* values were lower (P<0.05) in 15 g DFC/kg group when compared with the control. Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and total phenolics amount of DCF were 43.75+-0.680 mmol trolox/kg, 60.03+-3.710 mmol TEAC/kg and 3.16+-0.060 g gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/kg, respectively. Based on the results from the current study, the dietary supplementation with dry DCF had adverse effects on productivity performance traits and egg quality. (author)

  2. Improving the Separability of Deep Features with Discriminative Convolution Filters for RSI Classification

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Na Liu

    2018-03-01

    Full Text Available The extraction of activation vectors (or deep features from the fully connected layers of a convolutional neural network (CNN model is widely used for remote sensing image (RSI representation. In this study, we propose to learn discriminative convolution filter (DCF based on class-specific separability criteria for linear transformation of deep features. In particular, two types of pretrained CNN called CaffeNet and VGG-VD16 are introduced to illustrate the generality of the proposed DCF. The activation vectors extracted from the fully connected layers of a CNN are rearranged into the form of an image matrix, from which a spatial arrangement of local patches is extracted using sliding window strategy. DCF learning is then performed on each local patch individually to obtain the corresponding discriminative convolution kernel through generalized eigenvalue decomposition. The proposed DCF learning characterizes that a convolutional kernel with small size (e.g., 3 × 3 pixels can be effectively learned on a small-size local patch (e.g., 8 × 8 pixels, thereby ensuring that the linear transformation of deep features can maintain low computational complexity. Experiments on two RSI datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of DCF in improving the classification performances of deep features without increasing dimensionality.

  3. Three-dimensional iron, nitrogen-doped carbon foams as efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline solution

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ma, Yanjiao; Wang, Hui; Feng, Hanqing; Ji, Shan; Mao, Xuefeng; Wang, Rongfang

    2014-01-01

    Graphical abstract: Three-dimentional Fe, N-doped carbon foams prepared by two steps exhibited comparable catalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction to commercial Pt/C due to the unique structure and the synergistic effect of Fe and N atoms. - Highlights: • Three-dimensional Fe, N-doped carbon foam (3D-CF) were prepared. • 3D-CF exhibits comparable catalytic activity to Pt/C for oxygen reduction reaction. • The enhanced activity of 3D-CF results of its unique structure. - Abstract: Three-dimensional (3D) Fe, N-doped carbon foams (3D-CF) as efficient cathode catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline solution are reported. The 3D-CF exhibit interconnected hierarchical pore structure. In addition, Fe, N-doped carbon without porous strucuture (Fe-N-C) and 3D N-doped carbon without Fe (3D-CF’) are prepared to verify the electrocatalytic activity of 3D-CF. The electrocatalytic performance of as-prepared 3D-CF for ORR shows that the onset potential on 3D-CF electrode positively shifts about 41 mV than those of 3D-CF’ and Fe-N-C respectively. In addition, the onset potential on 3D-CF electrode for ORR is about 27 mV more negative than that on commercial Pt/C electrode. 3D-CF also show better methanol tolerance and durability than commercial Pt/C catalyst. These results show that to synthesize 3D hierarchical pores with high specific surface area is an efficient way to improve the ORR performance

  4. Catheter-based time-gated near-infrared fluorescence/OCT imaging system

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lu, Yuankang; Abran, Maxime; Cloutier, Guy; Lesage, Frédéric

    2018-02-01

    We developed a new dual-modality intravascular imaging system based on fast time-gated fluorescence intensity imaging and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) for the purpose of interventional detection of atherosclerosis. A pulsed supercontinuum laser was used for fluorescence and OCT imaging. A double-clad fiber (DCF)- based side-firing catheter was designed and fabricated to have a 23 μm spot size at a 2.2 mm working distance for OCT imaging. Its single-mode core is used for OCT, while its inner cladding transports fluorescence excitation light and collects fluorescent photons. The combination of OCT and fluorescence imaging was achieved by using a DCF coupler. For fluorescence detection, we used a time-gated technique with a novel single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) working in an ultra-fast gating mode. A custom-made delay chip was integrated in the system to adjust the delay between the excitation laser pulse and the SPAD gate-ON window. This technique allowed to detect fluorescent photons of interest while rejecting most of the background photons, thus leading to a significantly improved signal to noise ratio (SNR). Experiments were carried out in turbid media mimicking tissue with an indocyanine green (ICG) inclusion (1 mM and 100 μM) to compare the time-gated technique and the conventional continuous detection technique. The gating technique increased twofold depth sensitivity, and tenfold SNR at large distances. The dual-modality imaging capacity of our system was also validated with a silicone-based tissue-mimicking phantom.

  5. Oxidation of diclofenac by aqueous chlorine dioxide: identification of major disinfection byproducts and toxicity evaluation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Yingling; Liu, Haijin; Liu, Guoguang; Xie, Youhai

    2014-03-01

    Diclofenac (DCF), a synthetic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, is one of the most frequently detected pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment. In this work, the mechanism and toxicity of DCF degradation by ClO2 under simulated water disinfection conditions were investigated. Experimental results indicate that rapid and significant oxidation of DCF occurred within the first few minutes; however, its mineralization process was longer than its degradation process. UPLC-MS and (1)H NMR spectroscopy were performed to identify major disinfection byproducts that were generated in three tentative degradation routes. The two main routes were based on initial decarboxylation of DCF on the aliphatic chain and hydroxylation of the phenylacetic acid moiety at the C-4 position. Subsequently, the formed aldehyde intermediates were the starting point for further multistep degradation involving decarboxylation, hydroxylation, and oxidation reactions of CN bond cleavage. The third route was based on transient preservation of chlorinated derivatives resulting from electrophilic attack by chlorine on the aromatic ring, which similarly underwent CN bond cleavage. Microtox bioassay was employed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of solutions treated by ClO2. The formation of more toxic mid-byproducts during the ClO2 disinfection process poses a potential risk to consumers. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  6. A faster and more reliable data acquisition system for the full performance of the SciCRT

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sasai, Y.; Matsubara, Y.; Itow, Y.; Sako, T.; Kawabata, T.; Lopez, D.; Hikimochi, R.; Tsuchiya, A.; Ikeno, M.; Uchida, T.; Tanaka, M.; Munakata, K.; Kato, C.; Nakamura, Y.; Oshima, T.; Koike, T.; Kozai, M.; Shibata, S.; Oshima, A.; Takamaru, H.

    2017-01-01

    The SciBar Cosmic Ray Telescope (SciCRT) is a massive scintillator tracker to observe cosmic rays at a very high-altitude environment in Mexico. The fully active tracker is based on the Scintillator Bar (SciBar) detector developed as a near detector for the KEK-to-Kamioka long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment (K2K) in Japan. Since the data acquisition (DAQ) system was developed for the accelerator experiment, we determined to develop a new robust DAQ system to optimize it to our cosmic-ray experiment needs at the top of Mt. Sierra Negra (4600 m). One of our special requirements is to achieve a 10 times faster readout rate. We started to develop a new fast readout back-end board (BEB) based on 100 Mbps SiTCP, a hardware network processor developed for DAQ systems for high energy physics experiments. Then we developed the new BEB which has a potential of 20 times faster than the current one in the case of observing neutrons. Finally we installed the new DAQ system including the new BEBs to a part of the SciCRT in July 2015. The system has been operating since then. In this paper, we describe the development, the basic performance of the new BEB, the status after the installation in the SciCRT, and the future performance.

  7. A faster and more reliable data acquisition system for the full performance of the SciCRT

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sasai, Y., E-mail: sasaiyoshinori@isee.nagoya-u.ac.jp [Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601 (Japan); Matsubara, Y.; Itow, Y.; Sako, T.; Kawabata, T.; Lopez, D.; Hikimochi, R.; Tsuchiya, A. [Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601 (Japan); Ikeno, M.; Uchida, T.; Tanaka, M. [High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, KEK, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801 (Japan); Munakata, K.; Kato, C.; Nakamura, Y.; Oshima, T.; Koike, T. [Department of Physics, Shinshu University, Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621 (Japan); Kozai, M. [Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (ISAS/JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210 (Japan); Shibata, S.; Oshima, A.; Takamaru, H. [College of Engineering, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501 (Japan); and others

    2017-06-11

    The SciBar Cosmic Ray Telescope (SciCRT) is a massive scintillator tracker to observe cosmic rays at a very high-altitude environment in Mexico. The fully active tracker is based on the Scintillator Bar (SciBar) detector developed as a near detector for the KEK-to-Kamioka long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment (K2K) in Japan. Since the data acquisition (DAQ) system was developed for the accelerator experiment, we determined to develop a new robust DAQ system to optimize it to our cosmic-ray experiment needs at the top of Mt. Sierra Negra (4600 m). One of our special requirements is to achieve a 10 times faster readout rate. We started to develop a new fast readout back-end board (BEB) based on 100 Mbps SiTCP, a hardware network processor developed for DAQ systems for high energy physics experiments. Then we developed the new BEB which has a potential of 20 times faster than the current one in the case of observing neutrons. Finally we installed the new DAQ system including the new BEBs to a part of the SciCRT in July 2015. The system has been operating since then. In this paper, we describe the development, the basic performance of the new BEB, the status after the installation in the SciCRT, and the future performance.

  8. A vida do bebê: a constituição de infâncias saudáveis e normais nos manuais de puericultura brasileiros

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cláudia Amaral dos Santos

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo tiene por objetivo investigar como el libro A vida do bebê, escrito por el pediatra brasileño Rinaldo De Lamare, fomenta/fomentó biopolíticas dirigidas a las madres hacia la constitución de infancias sanas y normales. Se enfatiza el valor que el manual analisado ejerce/ejerció como función pedagógica, enseñando madres y padres a como actuar hacia sus hijas/hijos, produciendo de ese modo subjetividades, identidades y saberes. A la realización del análisis, fueron utilizados como referencial teórico los Estudios Culturales a partir de una mirada postestructuralista y los escritos de Michel Foucault. Como material de análisis fueron utilizadas dos ediciones del manual. La primera, la 17ª edición (de 1963; y la segunda, la 41ª edición (de 2002. A partir del análisis se verificó la fuerza del discurso de la psicología como forma de subjetivar las madres y la visión evolutiva del desarrollo del niño normal en la publicación que ahora se hace objeto de este estudio.

  9. Removal of diclofenac from surface water by electron beam irradiation combined with a biological aerated filter

    Science.gov (United States)

    He, Shijun; Wang, Jianlong; Ye, Longfei; Zhang, Youxue; Yu, Jiang

    2014-12-01

    The degradation of DCF was investigated in aqueous solution by using electron beam (EB) technology. When the initial concentration was between 10 and 40 mg/L, almost 100% of the DCF was degraded at a dose of 0.5 kGy. However, only about 6.5% of DCF was mineralized even at 2 kGy according to total organic carbon (TOC) measurements. A combined process of EB and biological aerated filter (BAF) was therefore developed to enhance the treatment of DCF contaminated surface water. The effluent quality of combined process was substantially improved by EB pretreatment due to the degradation of DCF and related intermediates. Both irradiation and biological treatment reduced the toxicity of the treated water. The experimental results showed that EB is effective for removing DCF from artificial aqueous solution and real surface water.

  10. Atención odontológica a un bebé con holoprosencefalía: relato de caso clínico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Márcia Cançado Figueiredo

    Full Text Available Ejercer el rol de cuidador de un niño con deformaciones congénitas es una tarea difícil y representa un componente importante dentro de la familia en tanto que esa persona se hace responsable del cuidado de ese ser especial. Para que esto suceda, la conducta de los profesionales del área de la salud frente a este contexto debe ser específica y de calidad, de modo a ofrecer el soporte necesario a la familia/cuidador. Con el fin de promover una atención efectiva, los profesionales deben buscar el conocimiento del síndrome que afecta al paciente, así como su respuesta conductual y sus características mas prevalentes. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo presentar el informe de un caso clínico de un paciente bebé del sexo femenino, que requiere de cuidados exclusivos por parte de sus padres, quienes buscaron asistencia en la Universidad Federal de Río Grande do Sul, Brasil, en la disciplina Atención Odontológica al Paciente Necesidades Especiales. También se hace hincapié en el manejo y los cuidados por parte del odontólogo de aquellos pacientes con discapacidad desde el momento de su nacimiento, a fin de proporcionarles los recursos adecuados a través de orientaciones en cuanto a la higiene bucal con el fin de que se pueda instalar y mantener las condiciones de la salud oral, mejorando la calidad de vida de los pacientes con discapacidad

  11. Decompositions of Multiattribute Utility Functions Based on Convex Dependence.

    Science.gov (United States)

    1982-03-01

    School of Business, 200E, BEB Decision Research University of Texas at Austin 1201 Oak Street Austin, Texas 78712 Eugene, Oregon 97401 Professor Norman ...Stephen M. Robinson Dept. of Industrial Engineering Dr. Richard D. Smallwood Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison Applied Decision Analysis, Inc. 1513 University

  12. AN EXAMPLE - BASED, DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION OF VALUE CREATION AND VALUE DESTRUCTION BY CORPORATE ACTIVISTS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    GABURICI Matei

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available This paper investigates, through an example-based scenario, the extent to which corporate activists create or destroy shareholder value; there are five high-profile campaigns analyzed related to four major players. The foundation of the analysis is a variant of DCF model which examines the cash flows to equity. In 4 out of 5 cases the financial metrics are computed in order to assess the performance of the subject company ex-ante and ex-post activists’ involvement.

  13. A DUAL RESERVATION CDMA-BASED MAC PROTOCOL WITH POWER CONTROL FOR AD HOC NETWORKS

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    Jia Min; Chen Huimin; Yuan Yuhua

    2007-01-01

    This paper proposes a new multi-channel Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol named as Dual Reservation Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) based MAC protocol with Power Control (DRCPC). The code channel is divided into common channel, broadcast channel and several data channels. And dynamic power control mechanism is implemented to reduce near-far interference. Compared with IEEE 802.11 Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) protocol, the results show that the proposed mechanism improves the average throughput and limits the transmission delay efficiently.

  14. Diclofenac enhances proinflammatory cytokine-induced phagocytosis of cultured microglia via nitric oxide production

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kakita, Hiroki; Aoyama, Mineyoshi; Nagaya, Yoshiaki; Asai, Hayato; Hussein, Mohamed Hamed; Suzuki, Mieko; Kato, Shin; Saitoh, Shinji; Asai, Kiyofumi

    2013-01-01

    Influenza-associated encephalopathy (IAE) is a central nervous system complication with a high mortality rate, which is increased significantly by the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac sodium (DCF). In the present study, we investigated the effects of DCF on brain immune cells (i.e. microglia) stimulated with three proinflammatory cytokines, namely tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interferon-γ. Similar to previous findings in astrocytes, all three cytokines induced the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), as well as NO production, in microglia. The addition of DCF to the culture system augmented iNOS expression and NO production. Immunocytochemical analysis and the phagocytosis assay revealed that cytokine treatment induced morphological changes to and phagocytosis by the microglia. The addition of DCF to the culture system enhanced microglial activation, as well as the phagocytic activity of cytokine-stimulated microglia. Inhibitors of nuclear factor (NF)-κB inhibited iNOS gene expression in cytokine-stimulated microglia with or without DCF, suggesting that the NF-κB pathway is one of the main signaling pathways involved. The iNOS inhibitor N G -monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) reduced both cytokine-induced phagocytosis and phagocytosis induced by the combination of cytokines plus DCF. Furthermore, the NO donor sodium nitroprusside induced phagocytosis, indicating that NO production is a key regulator of microglial phagocytosis. In conclusion, DCF acts synergistically with proinflammatory cytokines to increase the production of NO in microglia, leading to phagocytic activity of the activated microglia. These findings, together with previous observations regarding astrocytes, may explain the significant increase in mortality of IAE patients treated with DCF. - Highlights: ► Influenza-associated encephalopathy (IAE) is associated with a high mortality rate. ► Hyperimmunization in the brain is believed to be responsible for IAE

  15. Diclofenac enhances proinflammatory cytokine-induced phagocytosis of cultured microglia via nitric oxide production

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kakita, Hiroki [Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601 (Japan); Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601 (Japan); Aoyama, Mineyoshi, E-mail: ao.mine@med.nagoya-cu.ac.jp [Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601 (Japan); Nagaya, Yoshiaki; Asai, Hayato [Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601 (Japan); Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601 (Japan); Hussein, Mohamed Hamed [Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Pediatric Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo 11559 (Egypt); Maternal and Child Health Department, VACSERA, 51 Wizaret El-Zeraa-Agouza, Giza 22311 (Egypt); Suzuki, Mieko [Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601 (Japan); Kato, Shin [Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601 (Japan); Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601 (Japan); Saitoh, Shinji [Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601 (Japan); Asai, Kiyofumi [Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601 (Japan)

    2013-04-15

    Influenza-associated encephalopathy (IAE) is a central nervous system complication with a high mortality rate, which is increased significantly by the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac sodium (DCF). In the present study, we investigated the effects of DCF on brain immune cells (i.e. microglia) stimulated with three proinflammatory cytokines, namely tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interferon-γ. Similar to previous findings in astrocytes, all three cytokines induced the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), as well as NO production, in microglia. The addition of DCF to the culture system augmented iNOS expression and NO production. Immunocytochemical analysis and the phagocytosis assay revealed that cytokine treatment induced morphological changes to and phagocytosis by the microglia. The addition of DCF to the culture system enhanced microglial activation, as well as the phagocytic activity of cytokine-stimulated microglia. Inhibitors of nuclear factor (NF)-κB inhibited iNOS gene expression in cytokine-stimulated microglia with or without DCF, suggesting that the NF-κB pathway is one of the main signaling pathways involved. The iNOS inhibitor N{sup G}-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) reduced both cytokine-induced phagocytosis and phagocytosis induced by the combination of cytokines plus DCF. Furthermore, the NO donor sodium nitroprusside induced phagocytosis, indicating that NO production is a key regulator of microglial phagocytosis. In conclusion, DCF acts synergistically with proinflammatory cytokines to increase the production of NO in microglia, leading to phagocytic activity of the activated microglia. These findings, together with previous observations regarding astrocytes, may explain the significant increase in mortality of IAE patients treated with DCF. - Highlights: ► Influenza-associated encephalopathy (IAE) is associated with a high mortality rate. ► Hyperimmunization in the brain is believed to be responsible for

  16. A Study of Dispersion Compensation of Polarization Multiplexing-Based OFDM-OCDMA for Radio-over-Fiber Transmissions.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yen, Chih-Ta; Chen, Wen-Bin

    2016-09-07

    Chromatic dispersion from optical fiber is the most important problem that produces temporal skews and destroys the rectangular structure of code patterns in the spectra-amplitude-coding-based optical code-division multiple-access (SAC-OCDMA) system. Thus, the balance detection scheme does not work perfectly to cancel multiple access interference (MAI) and the system performance will be degraded. Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is the fastest developing technology in the academic and industrial fields of wireless transmission. In this study, the radio-over-fiber system is realized by integrating OFDM and OCDMA via polarization multiplexing scheme. The electronic dispersion compensation (EDC) equalizer element of OFDM integrated with the dispersion compensation fiber (DCF) is used in the proposed radio-over-fiber (RoF) system, which can efficiently suppress the chromatic dispersion influence in long-haul transmitted distance. A set of length differences for 10 km-long single-mode fiber (SMF) and 4 km-long DCF is to verify the compensation scheme by relative equalizer algorithms and constellation diagrams. In the simulation result, the proposed dispersion mechanism successfully compensates the dispersion from SMF and the system performance with dispersion equalizer is highly improved.

  17. A Study of Dispersion Compensation of Polarization Multiplexing-Based OFDM-OCDMA for Radio-over-Fiber Transmissions

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Chih-Ta Yen

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available Chromatic dispersion from optical fiber is the most important problem that produces temporal skews and destroys the rectangular structure of code patterns in the spectra-amplitude-coding-based optical code-division multiple-access (SAC-OCDMA system. Thus, the balance detection scheme does not work perfectly to cancel multiple access interference (MAI and the system performance will be degraded. Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM is the fastest developing technology in the academic and industrial fields of wireless transmission. In this study, the radio-over-fiber system is realized by integrating OFDM and OCDMA via polarization multiplexing scheme. The electronic dispersion compensation (EDC equalizer element of OFDM integrated with the dispersion compensation fiber (DCF is used in the proposed radio-over-fiber (RoF system, which can efficiently suppress the chromatic dispersion influence in long-haul transmitted distance. A set of length differences for 10 km-long single-mode fiber (SMF and 4 km-long DCF is to verify the compensation scheme by relative equalizer algorithms and constellation diagrams. In the simulation result, the proposed dispersion mechanism successfully compensates the dispersion from SMF and the system performance with dispersion equalizer is highly improved.

  18. NEW INSIGTHS ON THE KINETICS AND MECHANISM OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL OXIDATION OF DICLOFENAC IN NEUTRAL AQUEOUS MEDIUM

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cid-Cerón, M.M.; Guzmán-Hernández, D.S.; Ramírez-Silva, M.T.; Galano, A.; Romero-Romo, M.; Palomar-Pardavé, M.

    2016-01-01

    Highlights: • DCF electrochemical oxidation was studied from aqueous solution with a CPE. • Both stagnant and forced convection conditions were considered. • We found DCF electrochemical oxidation is a mass transfer-controlled process. • An EC mechanism was found where the electrodic is quasi-reversible. • C reaction provokes the breaking up the DCF through the nitrogen atom. • DCF diffusion coefficient was experimental and theoretically calculated. - Abstract: The diclofenac (DCF) electrochemical oxidation mechanism was studied through: linear voltammetry (LV), chronoamperometry (CA) sampled-current voltammetry (SCV), potentiostatic coulometry (PC) cyclic voltammetry (CV) under stagnant conditions and linear voltammetry under forced convection conditions (FCLV) over a carbon paste electrode (CPE) from an aqueous medium containing 0.1 M phosphate buffer at pH 7. It was found that the DCF electrochemical oxidation involves an EC mechanism, where the electrochemical reaction is carried out through a one electron-exchange while the chemical reaction involves breaking up the DCF through the nitrogen atom, thereby generating the fragments 2,6 dichloroaniline and 2-(2hydroxyprop-2-enyl)phenol. Reverting the potential scan in the cathodic direction at different scan rates and regardless of its rate, after the oxidation peak, it was found that it was possible to reduce only 38% of the DCF oxidized. The spectrophotometric study carried out during different macro-electrolysis periods allowed observing that the current decrease of the oxidation peak coupled to the DCF absorption (at 270 nm), together with the development of a new spectrophotometric absorption maximum (450 nm), all confirm the EC mechanism proposed. With the use of several experimental techniques (CA, LV and FCLV) and theoretical ones using the Stokes–Einstein approach, the DCF diffusion coefficient was determined, this being in average 8.1 × 10"−"6 cm"2 s"−"1.

  19. Adsorption characteristics of diclofenac and sulfamethoxazole to graphene oxide in aqueous solution.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nam, Seung-Woo; Jung, Chanil; Li, Hang; Yu, Miao; Flora, Joseph R V; Boateng, Linkel K; Her, Namguk; Zoh, Kyung-Duk; Yoon, Yeomin

    2015-10-01

    The adsorptive properties of graphene oxide (GO) were characterized, and the binding energies of diclofenac (DCF) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) on GO adsorption were predicted using molecular modeling. The adsorption behaviors of DCF and SMX were investigated in terms of GO dosage, contact time, and pH. Additionally, the effects of sonication on GO adsorption were examined. GO adsorption involves "oxygen-containing functional groups" (OCFGs) such as COOH, which exhibit negative charges over a wide range of pH values (pH 3-11). DCF (-18.8 kcal mol(-1)) had a more favorable binding energy on the GO surface than SMX (-15.9 kcal mol(-1)). Both DCF and SMX were removed from solution (adsorbed to GO), up to 35% and 12%, respectively, within 6h, and an increase in GO dosage enhanced the removal of DCF. Electrostatic repulsion occurred between dissociated DCF/SMX and the more negatively charged GO at basic pH (>pKa). The sonication of GO significantly improved the removal of DCF (75%) and SMX (30%) due to dispersion of exfoliated GO particles and the reduction of OCFGs on the GO surface. Both DCF and SMX in the adsorption isotherm were explained well by the Freundlich model. The results of this study can be used to maximize the adsorption capacities of micropollutants using GO in water treatment processes. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  20. A new topical formulation enhances relative diclofenac bioavailability in healthy male subjects

    Science.gov (United States)

    Brunner, Martin; Davies, David; Martin, Wolfgang; Leuratti, Chiara; Lackner, Edith; Müller, Markus

    2011-01-01

    AIMS To evaluate the relative plasma and tissue availability of diclofenac after repeated topical administration of a novel diclofenac acid-based delivery system under development (DCF100C). METHODS This was a single-centre, open-label, three-period, crossover clinical trial of five discrete diclofenac formulations. Test preparations comprised two concentrations (1.0% and 2.5%) of DCF100C, with and without menthol and eucalyptus oil (total daily doses of 5 mg and 12.5 mg). Voltaren® Emulgel® gel (1.0%) was the commercially available comparator (total daily dose of 40 mg). Topical application was performed onto the thigh of 20 male healthy subjects for 3 days. Applying a Youden square design, each drug was evaluated in 12 subjects, with each subject receiving three test preparations. Blood sampling and in vivo microdialysis in subcutaneous adipose and skeletal muscle tissues were performed for 10 h after additional final doses on the morning of day 4. RESULTS All four DCF100C formulations demonstrated a three- to fivefold, dose-dependent increase in systemic diclofenac availability compared with Voltaren® Emulgel® and were approximately 30–40 times more effective at facilitating diclofenac penetration through the skin, taking different dose levels into account. Tissue concentrations were low and highly variable. The 2.5% DCF100C formulation without sensory excipients reached the highest tissue concentrations. AUC(0,10 h) was 2.71 times greater than for Voltaren® Emulgel® (90% CI 99.27, 737.46%). Mild erythema at the application site was the most frequent adverse event associated with DCF100C. There were no local symptoms after treatment with the reference formulation. CONCLUSION DCF100C formulations were safe and facilitated greater diclofenac penetration through the skin compared with the commercial comparator. DCF100C represents a promising alternative to oral and topical diclofenac treatments that warrants further development. PMID:21241352

  1. Abordagem da Terapia Ocupacional a bebês com microcefalia: uma experiência do estágio curricular / An occupational therapy approach to babies with microcephaly: an experiment in curricular internship

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jamine Cunha dos Reis

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available Introdução: Devido o surto de Zika, em 2015/2016, nasceram no Recife/PE bebês com microcefalia, resultando em desenvolvimento atípico. A gravidade do quadro para a saúde pública exigiu resposta rápida, com pesquisas, treinamento e estruturação da rede de saúde. Assim, o terapeuta ocupacional incorporou-se às equipes de estimulação e reabilitação das crianças e à produção de conhecimentos na área. Objetivo: Apresentar a experiência de atendimento a bebês com Síndrome Congênita do Zika Vírus (SCZV, durante estágio curricular de Terapia Ocupacional. Método: Relato de estágio curricular de Terapia Ocupacional utilizando registros clínicos e de supervisão pela orientadora e docente, durante estágio de cinco meses, em um serviço de Doenças Infectocontagiosas de um hospital-escola, referência para atendimento a recém nascidos com a SCVZ. Resultados: Foram atendidos 24 bebês com microcefalia, com idade entre 3 e 10 meses. Foi detectado comprometimento de funções neurológicas, com atraso do desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor, alterações de tônus e dos sistemas visual, auditivo, proprioceptivo, vestibular e tátil. A estimulação foi dirigida as habilidades para o desenvolvimento infantil e criação de ambiente apropriado e seguro visando às aquisições motoras, sensoriais, de comunicação, cognitivas e sociais das crianças. Orientações as famílias, confecção de adaptações, facilitação do brincar e de atividades de vida diária também foram realizadas. Conclusão: O estágio permitiu experienciar às contribuições da Terapia Ocupacional para a estimulação de crianças com microcefalia, capacitando-nos como futuros profissionais para as demandas da atualidade e para a produção de conhecimentos. Abstract Introduction: Due to the outbreak of  the Zika virus, in 2015/2016, many babies were born with microcephaly in Recife/PE, resulting in atypical development. The severity of this panorama for

  2. A concepção das mães sobre o desenvolvimento da comunicação mãe-bebê

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria C. D. P. Lyra

    Full Text Available Comparamos duas abordagens teórico-metodológicas distintas e investigamos a concepção que mães apresentam acerca do processo de desenvolvimento da comunicação mãe-bebê. Lyra e colaboradores propõem o modelo EEA, que integra uma seqüência de três padrões de organização do desenvolvimento da comunicação, denominados estabelecimento, extensão e abreviação (EEA. Esse modelo está baseado na observação longitudinal e na análise microgenética de estudos de caso a partir da perspectiva dos sistemas dinâmicos. Utilizando o procedimento de classificação múltipla, investigamos como esses três períodos do desenvolvimento da comunicação (EEA são conceituados pelas mães. Foram pesquisadas 48 mães pertencentes a dois níveis sócio-econômicos. Os resultados encontrados fortalecem o modelo EEA, confirmando: a distinção entre as trocas face-a-face e aquelas mediadas pelo objeto (MOB; a diferenciação dos três períodos do desenvolvimento da comunicação (EEA em ambas as trocas; e a distribuição ordenada (axial desses três períodos, exceto, nesse último caso, para as trocas MOB, quando analisadas separadamente.

  3. Bioanálisis predictivo de tolerancia dérmica de cosméticos para bebés in vivo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Flor Ángela Tobón Marulanda

    Full Text Available Objetivo: prever el riesgo potencial de irritabilidad dérmica de una crema y una loción para bebés, con el fin de obtener el registro sanitario y disminuir la eventualidad de riesgo para la salud. Métodos: se realizó el bioanálisis predictivo de tolerancia dérmica in vivo en conejos, a través de un estudio de tipo exploratorio clínico cualitativo e histopatológico, basado en el enfoque de la ley del Arte para explicar el riesgo/efectividad comparable en humanos. Se aplicó la técnica de exposición aguda simple (prueba parche oclusivo en seis conejos, por cada producto. Se estimaron los efectos dérmicos mediante una escala de valores que define la probabilidad de inseguridad atribuible por la exposición al cosmético, según prueba de toxicidad dérmica de la Organización para la Cooperación Económica y Desarrollo 2004 (OCED, con ciertas modificaciones por los autores. Resultados: en el bioanálisis se encontró cierta irritabilidad dérmica en la piel de los conejos al aplicarles el cosmético en una dosis única por 92 días. El estudio clínico se complementó con el análisis histopatológico de una muestra de piel irritada y no mostró cambios significativos a los observados. Conclusiones: el bioanálisis clínico e histopatológico permite inferir una irritabilidad dérmica entre insignificante y leve, lo que sugiere la necesidad de mejorar la formulación de los cosméticos estudiados para obtener el registro sanitario, y así alertar tempranamente al productor y a la comunidad de la seguridad y eficacia de los productos.

  4. Investigating the formation and toxicity of nitrogen transformation products of diclofenac and sulfamethoxazole in wastewater treatment plants

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Osorio, Victoria; Sanchís, Josep; Abad, Jose Luís; Ginebreda, Antoni; Farré, Marinella; Pérez, Sandra; Barceló, Damià

    2016-01-01

    Highlights: • Environmental monitoring of recently discovered TPs of diclofenac in wastewater and surface water. • Quantitative determination of non-detected TPs of sulfamethoxazole in wastewater and impacted surface waters. • Toxicity assessment of diclofenac and its TPs in a panel of standard assays of aquatic organism. • Only nitro-diclofenac proved to be more toxic than the parent compound. - Abstract: Diclofenac (DCF) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) are highly consumed pharmaceuticals and concentrated in effluents from conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) since they are not completely eliminated. Under microbial mediated nitrification/denitrification processes occurring in nitrifying activated sludge DCF biotransformed into its nitroso and nitro derivatives (NO-DCF and NO 2 -DCF, respectively). SMX was biotransformed under denitrification conditions in water/sediment batch reactors into its nitro and desamino derivatives (NO 2 -SMX and Des-SMX, respectively). Four transformation products (TPs) from DCF and SMX were analized in wastewaters (WW) and receiving surface waters (SW). Nitrifying/denitrifying-derivatives of DCF and SMX were detected for the first time in WW and SW at one order of magnitude lower than their parent compounds. Relationships observed among levels of NO-DCF, NO 2 -DCF and nitrogen-species tentatively suggested that nitrification/denitrification processes are involved in nitration and nitrosation of DCF during biological WW treatment. Acute toxicity of analytes to Daphnia magna and Vibrio fischeri was assessed individually and in mixtures with other relevant micropollutants. Individual effects showed these compounds as not harmful and not toxic. However, synergism effects observed in mixtures evidenced that contribution of these compounds to overall toxicity of complex environmental samples, should not be dismissed.

  5. Investigating the formation and toxicity of nitrogen transformation products of diclofenac and sulfamethoxazole in wastewater treatment plants

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Osorio, Victoria; Sanchís, Josep [Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona (Spain); Abad, Jose Luís [RUBAM-IIQAC-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona (Spain); Ginebreda, Antoni; Farré, Marinella [Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona (Spain); Pérez, Sandra, E-mail: spsqam@idaea.csic.es [Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona (Spain); Barceló, Damià [Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona (Spain); Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, Girona (Spain)

    2016-05-15

    Highlights: • Environmental monitoring of recently discovered TPs of diclofenac in wastewater and surface water. • Quantitative determination of non-detected TPs of sulfamethoxazole in wastewater and impacted surface waters. • Toxicity assessment of diclofenac and its TPs in a panel of standard assays of aquatic organism. • Only nitro-diclofenac proved to be more toxic than the parent compound. - Abstract: Diclofenac (DCF) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) are highly consumed pharmaceuticals and concentrated in effluents from conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) since they are not completely eliminated. Under microbial mediated nitrification/denitrification processes occurring in nitrifying activated sludge DCF biotransformed into its nitroso and nitro derivatives (NO-DCF and NO{sub 2}-DCF, respectively). SMX was biotransformed under denitrification conditions in water/sediment batch reactors into its nitro and desamino derivatives (NO{sub 2}-SMX and Des-SMX, respectively). Four transformation products (TPs) from DCF and SMX were analized in wastewaters (WW) and receiving surface waters (SW). Nitrifying/denitrifying-derivatives of DCF and SMX were detected for the first time in WW and SW at one order of magnitude lower than their parent compounds. Relationships observed among levels of NO-DCF, NO{sub 2}-DCF and nitrogen-species tentatively suggested that nitrification/denitrification processes are involved in nitration and nitrosation of DCF during biological WW treatment. Acute toxicity of analytes to Daphnia magna and Vibrio fischeri was assessed individually and in mixtures with other relevant micropollutants. Individual effects showed these compounds as not harmful and not toxic. However, synergism effects observed in mixtures evidenced that contribution of these compounds to overall toxicity of complex environmental samples, should not be dismissed.

  6. Evoluções motoras e linguísticas de bebês com atraso de desenvolvimento na perspectiva de mães Motor and language development of babies with delayed development from the mothers' perspective

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tatiany Hekavei

    2009-04-01

    Full Text Available O presente estudo teve por objetivo investigar a evolução do desenvolvimento motor e de linguagem em bebês com atraso de desenvolvimento a partir da perspectiva materna. Participaram do estudo seis mães de bebês com atraso de desenvolvimento. A pesquisa foi realizada numa instituição com programa de intervenção precoce e em ambiente domiciliar. Foram feitas entrevistas com as mães, por meio de um roteiro semiestruturado. O modo de compreensão das mães, tanto do processo de desenvolvimento motor, quanto linguístico dos filhos, indicou uma evolução no desenvolvimento dessas crianças. Uma das provas disso, foi a forma como essas mães se referiram ao desenvolvimento das crianças, antes destas ingressarem no programa de intervenção precoce e no momento atual. Conhecer e valorizar as percepções trazidas pelos cuidadores e particularmente pelas mães, implica em ampliar o entendimento dos seus saberes e práticas. Estes valores, por sua vez, podem ser utilizados no sentido de favorecer todo o processo de desenvolvimento infantil.The aim of the present study was to investigate the evolution of motor and language development in developmentally delayed babies from the mother's perspective. Six mothers of developmentally delayed babies participated in the study. This study was conducted in an institution that had an early intervention program and in the home environment. Interviews with the mothers were conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire. The way the mothers understood both their children's processes of motor and language development was indicative of an evolution in these children's development. The ways these mothers reported on the development of the children before they entered the early intervention program and at present is evidence to this effect. To know and to value the perception that caretakers have about their children has to do with broadening their understanding and practices. These values, in turn, can be

  7. Possible ecological risk of two pharmaceuticals diclofenac and paracetamol demonstrated on a model plant Lemna minor.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kummerová, Marie; Zezulka, Štěpán; Babula, Petr; Tříska, Jan

    2016-01-25

    Lemna minor is often used in environmental risk assessment and it can be supposed that usually evaluated parameters will be reliable even for assessing the risk of pharmaceuticals. Subtle changes in duckweed plant number, biomass production, and leaf area size induced by 10-day-exposure to diclofenac (DCF) and paracetamol (PCT) (0.1, 10, and 100 μg/L), excepting 100 μg/L DCF, are in contrast with considerable changes on biochemical and histochemical level. Both drugs caused a decrease in content of photosynthetic pigments (by up to 50%), an increase in non-photochemical quenching (by 65%) and decrease in relative chlorophyll fluorescence decay values (by up to 90% with DCF). Both DCF and especially PCT increased amount of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species in roots. DCF-induced effects included mainly increased lipid peroxidation (by 78%), disturbation in membrane integrity and lowering both oxidoreductase and dehydrogenase activities (by 30%). PCT increased the content of soluble proteins and phenolics. Higher concentrations of both DCF and PCT increased the levels of oxidised ascorbate (by 30%) and oxidised thiols (by up to 84% with DCF). Glutathion-reductase activity was elevated by both pharmaceuticals (nearly by 90%), glutathion-S-transferase activity increased mainly with PCT (by 22%). The early and sensitive indicators of DCF and PCT phytotoxicity stress in duckweed are mainly the changes in biochemical processes, connected with activation of defense mechanisms against oxidative stress. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  8. Optimisation of optical receiver for 10 Gbit/s optical duobinary transmission system

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Zheng, Xueyan; Liu, Fenghai; Jeppesen, Palle

    2001-01-01

    Optimisation of a receiver for an optical duobinary signal is studied numerically. It is shown that a conventional receiver is not optimum neither when a DCF is used before the receiver nor without a DCF being used. The optimum receiver for an optical duobinary system is identified.......Optimisation of a receiver for an optical duobinary signal is studied numerically. It is shown that a conventional receiver is not optimum neither when a DCF is used before the receiver nor without a DCF being used. The optimum receiver for an optical duobinary system is identified....

  9. Metabolic and Co-Metabolic Transformation of Diclofenac by Enterobacter hormaechei D15 Isolated from Activated Sludge.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Aissaoui, Salima; Ouled-Haddar, Houria; Sifour, Mohamed; Harrouche, Kamel; Sghaier, Haitham

    2017-03-01

    The presence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as diclofenac (DCF), in the environment, is an emerging problem due to their harmful effects on non-target organisms, even at low concentrations. We studied the biodegradation of DCF by the strain D15 of Enterobacter hormaechei. The strain was isolated from an activated sludge, and identified as E. hormaechei based on its physiological characteristics and its 16 S RNA sequence. Using HPTLC and GC-MS methods, we demonstrated that this strain metabolized DCF at an elimination rate of 52.8%. In the presence of an external carbon source (glucose), the elimination rate increased to approximately 82%. GC-MS analysis detected and identified one metabolite as 1-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one; it was produced as a consequence of dehydration and lactam formation reactions.

  10. Integrated Assessment of Diclofenac Biotransformation, Pharmacokinetics, and Omics-Based Toxicity in a Three-Dimensional Human Liver-Immunocompetent Coculture System.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sarkar, Ujjal; Ravindra, Kodihalli C; Large, Emma; Young, Carissa L; Rivera-Burgos, Dinelia; Yu, Jiajie; Cirit, Murat; Hughes, David J; Wishnok, John S; Lauffenburger, Douglas A; Griffith, Linda G; Tannenbaum, Steven R

    2017-07-01

    In vitro hepatocyte culture systems have inherent limitations in capturing known human drug toxicities that arise from complex immune responses. Therefore, we established and characterized a liver immunocompetent coculture model and evaluated diclofenac (DCF) metabolic profiles, in vitro-in vivo clearance correlations, toxicological responses, and acute phase responses using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. DCF biotransformation was assessed after 48 hours of culture, and the major phase I and II metabolites were similar to the in vivo DCF metabolism profile in humans. Further characterization of secreted bile acids in the medium revealed that a glycine-conjugated bile acid was a sensitive marker of dose-dependent toxicity in this three-dimensional liver microphysiological system. Protein markers were significantly elevated in the culture medium at high micromolar doses of DCF, which were also observed previously for acute drug-induced toxicity in humans. In this immunocompetent model, lipopolysaccharide treatment evoked an inflammatory response that resulted in a marked increase in the overall number of acute phase proteins. Kupffer cell-mediated cytokine release recapitulated an in vivo proinflammatory response exemplified by a cohort of 11 cytokines that were differentially regulated after lipopolysaccharide induction, including interleukin (IL)-1 β , IL-1Ra, IL-6, IL-8, IP-10, tumor necrosis factor- α , RANTES (regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, macrophage inflammatory protein-1 β , and IL-5. In summary, our findings indicate that three-dimensional liver microphysiological systems may serve as preclinical investigational platforms from the perspective of the discovery of a set of clinically relevant biomarkers including potential reactive metabolites, endogenous bile acids, excreted proteins, and cytokines to predict early drug

  11. Kinetics and mechanism of diclofenac removal using ferrate(VI): roles of Fe3+, Fe2+, and Mn2.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhao, Junfeng; Wang, Qun; Fu, Yongsheng; Peng, Bo; Zhou, Gaofeng

    2018-06-01

    In this study, the effect of Fe 3+ , Fe 2+ , and Mn 2+ dose, solution pH, reaction temperature, background water matrix (i.e., inorganic anions, cations, and natural organic matters (NOM)), and the kinetics and mechanism for the reaction system of Fe(VI)/Fe 3+ , Fe(VI)/Fe 2+ , and Fe(VI)/Mn 2+ were investigated systematically. Traces of Fe 3+ , Fe 2+ , and Mn 2+ promoted the DCF removal by Fe(VI) significantly. The pseudo-first-order rate constant (k obs ) of DCF increased with decreasing pH (9-6) and increasing temperature (10-30 °C) due to the gradually reduced stability and enhanced reactivity of Fe(VI). Cu 2+ and Zn 2+ ions evidently improved the DCF removal, while CO 3 2- restrained it. Besides, SO 4 2- , Cl - , NO 3 - , Mg 2+ , and Ca 2+ almost had no influence on the degradation of DCF by Fe(VI)/Fe 3+ , Fe(VI)/Fe 2+ , and Fe(VI)/Mn 2+ within the tested concentration. The addition of 5 or 20 mg L -1 NOM decreased the removal efficiency of DCF. Moreover, Fe 2 O 3 and Fe(OH) 3 , the by-products of Fe(VI), slightly inhibited the DCF removal, while α-FeOOH, another by-product of Fe(VI), showed no influence at pH 7. In addition, MnO 2 and MnO 4 - , the by-products of Mn 2+ , enhanced the DCF degradation due to catalysis and superposition of oxidation capacity, respectively. This study indicates that Fe 3+ and Fe 2+ promoted the DCF removal mainly via the self-catalysis for Fe(VI), and meanwhile, the catalysis of Mn 2+ and the effect of its by-products (i.e., MnO 2 and MnO 4 - ) contributed synchronously for DCF degradation. Graphical abstract ᅟ.

  12. Classical density functional theory and the phase-field crystal method using a rational function to describe the two-body direct correlation function.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pisutha-Arnond, N; Chan, V W L; Iyer, M; Gavini, V; Thornton, K

    2013-01-01

    We introduce a new approach to represent a two-body direct correlation function (DCF) in order to alleviate the computational demand of classical density functional theory (CDFT) and enhance the predictive capability of the phase-field crystal (PFC) method. The approach utilizes a rational function fit (RFF) to approximate the two-body DCF in Fourier space. We use the RFF to show that short-wavelength contributions of the two-body DCF play an important role in determining the thermodynamic properties of materials. We further show that using the RFF to empirically parametrize the two-body DCF allows us to obtain the thermodynamic properties of solids and liquids that agree with the results of CDFT simulations with the full two-body DCF without incurring significant computational costs. In addition, the RFF can also be used to improve the representation of the two-body DCF in the PFC method. Last, the RFF allows for a real-space reformulation of the CDFT and PFC method, which enables descriptions of nonperiodic systems and the use of nonuniform and adaptive grids.

  13. Foothill Transit Battery Electric Bus Demonstration Results: Second Report

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Eudy, Leslie [National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Jeffers, Matthew [National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

    2017-06-28

    This report summarizes results of a battery electric bus (BEB) evaluation at Foothill Transit, located in the San Gabriel and Pomona Valley region of Los Angeles County, California. Foothill Transit is collaborating with the California Air Resources Board and the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) National Renewable Energy Laboratory to evaluate its fleet of Proterra BEBs in revenue service. The focus of this evaluation is to compare performance of the BEBs to that of conventional technology and to track progress over time toward meeting performance targets. This project has also provided an opportunity for DOE to conduct a detailed evaluation of the BEBs and charging infrastructure. This is the second report summarizing the results of the BEB demonstration at Foothill Transit and it provides data on the buses from August 2015 through December 2016. Data are provided on a selection of compressed natural gas buses as a baseline comparison.

  14. Laser tissue coagulation and concurrent optical coherence tomography through a double-clad fiber coupler

    Science.gov (United States)

    Beaudette, Kathy; Baac, Hyoung Won; Madore, Wendy-Julie; Villiger, Martin; Godbout, Nicolas; Bouma, Brett E.; Boudoux, Caroline

    2015-01-01

    Double-clad fiber (DCF) is herein used in conjunction with a double-clad fiber coupler (DCFC) to enable simultaneous and co-registered optical coherence tomography (OCT) and laser tissue coagulation. The DCF allows a single channel fiber-optic probe to be shared: i.e. the core propagating the OCT signal while the inner cladding delivers the coagulation laser light. We herein present a novel DCFC designed and built to combine both signals within a DCF (>90% of single-mode transmission; >65% multimode coupling). Potential OCT imaging degradation mechanisms are also investigated and solutions to mitigate them are presented. The combined DCFC-based system was used to induce coagulation of an ex vivo swine esophagus allowing a real-time assessment of thermal dynamic processes. We therefore demonstrate a DCFC-based system combining OCT imaging with laser coagulation through a single fiber, thus enabling both modalities to be performed simultaneously and in a co-registered manner. Such a system enables endoscopic image-guided laser marking of superficial epithelial tissues or laser thermal therapy of epithelial lesions in pathologies such as Barrett’s esophagus. PMID:25909013

  15. Thermally activated delayed fluorescence of fluorescein derivative for time-resolved and confocal fluorescence imaging.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xiong, Xiaoqing; Song, Fengling; Wang, Jingyun; Zhang, Yukang; Xue, Yingying; Sun, Liangliang; Jiang, Na; Gao, Pan; Tian, Lu; Peng, Xiaojun

    2014-07-09

    Compared with fluorescence imaging utilizing fluorophores whose lifetimes are in the order of nanoseconds, time-resolved fluorescence microscopy has more advantages in monitoring target fluorescence. In this work, compound DCF-MPYM, which is based on a fluorescein derivative, showed long-lived luminescence (22.11 μs in deaerated ethanol) and was used in time-resolved fluorescence imaging in living cells. Both nanosecond time-resolved transient difference absorption spectra and time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) were employed to explain the long lifetime of the compound, which is rare in pure organic fluorophores without rare earth metals and heavy atoms. A mechanism of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) that considers the long wavelength fluorescence, large Stokes shift, and long-lived triplet state of DCF-MPYM was proposed. The energy gap (ΔEST) of DCF-MPYM between the singlet and triplet state was determined to be 28.36 meV by the decay rate of DF as a function of temperature. The ΔE(ST) was small enough to allow efficient intersystem crossing (ISC) and reverse ISC, leading to efficient TADF at room temperature. The straightforward synthesis of DCF-MPYM and wide availability of its starting materials contribute to the excellent potential of the compound to replace luminescent lanthanide complexes in future time-resolved imaging technologies.

  16. Sensibilidade e aleitamento materno em díades com recém-nascidos de risco Breastfeeding and maternal sensitivity in dyads with infants born at risk

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cristiane Alfaya

    2005-08-01

    Full Text Available O presente estudo investigou a relação entre o tipo de alimentação do bebê (aleitamento materno, fórmula e alimentação mista e os comportamentos de interação mãe-bebê, a partir do conceito de sensibilidade materna. Participaram 20 díades com bebês nascidos pré-termos (Grupo I que necessitaram de tratamento intensivo neonatal, 14 díades com bebês nascidos a termo (Grupo II que necessitaram de tratamento intensivo neonatal, e 24 díades com bebês nascidos a termo sadios (Grupo III. O risco do recém-nascido foi considerado a partir de sua necessidade de tratamento intensivo neonatal. A interação mãe-bebê foi filmada durante a situação de face-a-face, aos dois meses de idade do bebê, e avaliada conforme o Protocolo de Interação Mãe-Bebê (Schermann et al. 1994 que pontua itens referentes aos comportamentos interativos da mãe, do bebê e da díade mãe-bebê. Os resultados mostraram que a sensibilidade materna diferiu entre os três grupos investigados (p = 0,039, havendo maior incidência no Grupo III (grupo controle. A partir do estudo realizado, é possível inferir que a sensibilidade materna é mais favorável em mães de bebês nascidos a termo e sadios do que em mães de bebês nascidos com risco neonatal. O aleitamento materno é um importante fator que promove o estabelecimento de uma sensibilidade materna mais favorável, sendo fundamental o incentivo da amamentação mesmo para recém-nascidos pré-termo e a termo de risco.The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between the kinds of infant's feeding (breastfeeding, complement and mixed and the mother-infant interactional behaviors. The participants included 20 dyads of pre-term infant (Group I who had needed intensive care, 14 dyads of full-term infant (Group II who had needed intensive care, and 24 dyads of full-term health infants (Group III. The risk was considered by the neonatal intensive care needed. The mother-infant interaction was

  17. Three-Axis Attitude Estimation With a High-Bandwidth Angular Rate Sensor

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bayard, David S.; Green, Joseph J.

    2013-01-01

    A continuing challenge for modern instrument pointing control systems is to meet the increasingly stringent pointing performance requirements imposed by emerging advanced scientific, defense, and civilian payloads. Instruments such as adaptive optics telescopes, space interferometers, and optical communications make unprecedented demands on precision pointing capabilities. A cost-effective method was developed for increasing the pointing performance for this class of NASA applications. The solution was to develop an attitude estimator that fuses star tracker and gyro measurements with a high-bandwidth angular rotation sensor (ARS). An ARS is a rate sensor whose bandwidth extends well beyond that of the gyro, typically up to 1,000 Hz or higher. The most promising ARS sensor technology is based on a magnetohydrodynamic concept, and has recently become available commercially. The key idea is that the sensor fusion of the star tracker, gyro, and ARS provides a high-bandwidth attitude estimate suitable for supporting pointing control with a fast-steering mirror or other type of tip/tilt correction for increased performance. The ARS is relatively inexpensive and can be bolted directly next to the gyro and star tracker on the spacecraft bus. The high-bandwidth attitude estimator fuses an ARS sensor with a standard three-axis suite comprised of a gyro and star tracker. The estimation architecture is based on a dual-complementary filter (DCF) structure. The DCF takes a frequency- weighted combination of the sensors such that each sensor is most heavily weighted in a frequency region where it has the lowest noise. An important property of the DCF is that it avoids the need to model disturbance torques in the filter mechanization. This is important because the disturbance torques are generally not known in applications. This property represents an advantage over the prior art because it overcomes a weakness of the Kalman filter that arises when fusing more than one rate

  18. Fluoxetine and diclofenac interaction on food intake in goldfish, Carassius auratus

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mohammad Navid Forsatkar

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available This study was carried out to investigate the interaction of simultaneous use of fluoxetine (Flx, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, and diclofenac (Dcf, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, on food intake in goldfish, Carassius auratus. Treatments with different dosage of Flx including control, 0, 1, and 10  µg/g body weight (BW were injected in the fish with mean weight of 30.16 ± 8.57 g every other day in total of 5 times. Then fish were exposed to 3 different levels of Dcf including 0, 10, and 100 mg/l for 5 days. Injection of fluoxetine significantly decreased food intake and consequently body weight. After 5 days exposure to Dcf, the amount of food intake in the Dcf receiving treatments of 1 mg/l and 10 mg/l was significantly larger than that of 0 mg/l Dcf recieving treatment in both the Flx dosage groups of 1 μg/g BW and 10 μg/g BW. Our results indicated that Dcf inhibits behavioral change effects of Flx showing the complex effects of pharmaceuticals on fish.

  19. Polymorphism in the Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase and Thymidylate Synthase Gene Predicts for Response to Fluorouracil-based Chemotherapy in Advanced Gastric Cancer Patients

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jianwei Lu

    2013-03-01

    Full Text Available Objective: Fluorouracil (5-FU is widely used in the treatment of gastric cancer. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR and thymidylate synthetase (TS are important targets of many antimetabolites, including 5-FU. The relationship between polymorphism in the MTHFR (C677T, A1298C and TS (5`-TUR, 3`-UTR genotypes and sensitivity of gastric cancer to 5-FU-based chemotherapy is investigated in the present study. Methods: 173 patients with advanced gastric cancer were analyzed. All patients were treated with 5-FU-based chemotherapy (FOLFOX, FP and DCF regimen. DNA from peripheral blood leukocytes was obtained before the treatment. All genotypes were detected by PCR-RFLP. 12 germline polymorphisms within 2 genes were analyzed. The genotypes of MTHFR C677T, A1298C and TS 3`-TUR were analyzed in 173 patients while TS 5`-TUR in 135 patients. Results: The overall response rate (RR was 35.8%. The RR of the DCF regimen group was significantly higher than that of the FP and FOLFOX regimen groups (55.8% vs. 27.1%, 31.1%; P=0.006. The RR of the MTHFR C677T T/T genotype was significantly higher than that of the C/ C and C/T genotypes (73.3% vs. 28.0%; P=0.000. In MTHFR A1298C, a higher RR was observed in A/A genotype compared with the C/C and A/C genotypes (41.8% vs. 21.6%, P=0.011. The RR of -6/-6 bp and -6/+6 bp genotypes in TS 3`UTR was significantly higher than that of +6/+6 bp genotype (40.3% vs. 17.6%, P=0.014. There was no difference in RR according to TS 5`UTR polymorphism (2R/2R and 2R/3R: 41.7% vs. 3R/3R: 36.8%, P=0.487. The RR of MTHFR C677T T/T genotypes in FOLFOX or FP regimens was significantly higher than that of C/C and C/T genotypes (P=0.008, P=0.000 while no difference in DCF regimen. The RR of DCF regimen wassignificantly higher than that of FOLFOX and FP regimens in C/T and C/C genotypes (P=0.000. The MTHFR C677T T/T genotypes had a significantly higher incidence of grade 3/4 emesis (66.7% and stomatitis (30.0% than patients with C/T or

  20. Criação de questionário para detecção de comportamentos atípicos em bebês Development of a questionnaire to detect atypical behavior in infants

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Es Habib

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: Os transtornos regulatórios (TR se manifestam por alterações sensoriomotoras, de sono, alimentação e adaptação nos primeiros três anos de vida, que parecem sinalizar problemas futuros no desenvolvimento da criança. Há evidências de que os TR estão relacionados a problemas de atenção, aprendizagem e comportamento observados na idade escolar, sendo importante investir em recursos que viabilizem a sua detecção precoce. O objetivo deste estudo é descrever o processo de criação de um questionário para detecção de comportamentos atípicos, sugestivos de TR, em bebês de 6 a 12 meses. MÉTODOS: O instrumento foi desenvolvido em duas etapas, (a de planejamento e construção do teste e (b de exame da validade de conteúdo por meio de painel de experts, com pesquisadores e profissionais de reconhecida experiência na área. RESULTADOS: Os dados indicam que o tema é relevante e que os itens do questionário, de acordo com a pontuação do painel, são fáceis de serem observados (96,8%; estão redigidos com clareza (94,5%; avaliam aspectos importantes do comportamento (89,6% e têm potencial para discriminar comportamentos atípicos em bebês de 6 a 12 meses (85,4%. CONCLUSÃO: A partir desse estudo os itens foram revisados, resultando em um questionário com 50 itens que será aplicado experimentalmente em trabalhos futuros. Espera-se que o questionário venha a ser útil na detecção precoce de problemas que afetam grande número de crianças.INTRODUCTION: Regulatory disorders (RDs are manifested by sensorimotor, sleep, feeding and adaptation abnormalities in the first three years of life, which seem to indicate future child development problems. There is evidence that RDs are related to attention, learning and behavioral problems that are observed at school age. Therefore, it is important to invest in resources that enable their early detection. The objective of this study was to describe the process of creating a

  1. Integrando a família no cuidado de seus bebês: ensinando a aplicação da massagem Shantala - DOI: 10.4025/actascihealthsci.v26i1.1609 Integrating the family in the care of their babies: teaching the application of the Shantala massage - DOI: 10.4025/actascihealthsci.v26i1.1609

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Thereza Maria Magalhães Moreira

    2004-04-01

    Full Text Available Objetivou-se facilitar o aprendizado e o desenvolvimento da Shantala por familiares de bebês acompanhados durante a consulta de enfermagem, avaliando essa experiência. O estudo descritivo foi desenvolvido em forma de oficinas desenvolvidas em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde da Família, localizada na periferia de Fortaleza, no período compreendido entre março e maio de 2002. Nos resultados, descreve-se a experiência em seus onze momentos. Sua avaliação se dá pelos comentários das participantes, agrupados em duas categorias: o toque como instrumento de carinho e a saúde por meio do toque. Conclui-se que o aprendizado e o desenvolvimento da Shantala foram alcançados por familiares dos bebês, repercutindo na multiplicação desse conhecimento na família e na comunidade.The aim of this study was to facilitate the learning and development of Shantala for babies’ relatives accompanied during the nursing consultation, evaluating that experience. The descriptive study was varied out by workshops developed in a Family Health Care Center, located in the periphery of Fortaleza, in the period from March to May 2002. In the results, the experience is described in its eleven moments. In evaluation, the participants’ comments contained in two categories: the touch as instrument of affection and the health through the touch. In conclusion the learning and the development of Shantala was reached by the babies’ relatives, influencing on the multiplication of that knowledge in the family and community.

  2. Derivation of ingestion dose conversion factors for the U-238 decay series

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jenkins, P.H.; Nicoll, R.M.; Doty, R.L.

    1978-01-01

    Dose conversion factors (DCF's) for the U-238 decay series were derived for use in the assessment of potential doses to man, through several ingestion pathways, by radionuclide deposition from radioactive airborne effluents. The methodology used, although similar to that outlined in the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission's Regulatory Guide 1.109, is complicated by consideration of the ingrowth of decay products. Eight ingestion pathways were considered: (1) fresh vegetables, (2) stored vegetables, (3) milk from cows that eat pasture grass, (4) milk from cows that eat stored feed, (5) goat milk - pasture grass, (6) goat milk - stored feed, (7) beef - pasture grass, and (8) beef - stored feed. Radionuclide deposition was assumed to occur for the entire operational lifetime of the facility. Because the expected operational lifetime may vary from facility to facility, DCF's were calculated for six lifetimes: 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 years. DCF's were calculated for each of 13 'parent' nuclides in the decay series, with each DCF considering the ingrowth of all subsequent nuclides in the series. The methodology used to derive the DCF's is detailed, and DCF's normalized to a deposition rate of the parent nuclide of 1 μCi m -2 s -1 are reported. (author)

  3. The application of option pricing theory to the evaluation of mining investment

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    ZHANG Neng-fu(张能福); CAI Si-jing(蔡嗣经); LIU Chao-ma(刘朝马); TANG Rui(唐瑞)

    2003-01-01

    A rational evaluation on an investment project forms the basis of a right investment decision-making. The discounted cash flow (DCF for short) method is usually used as a traditional evaluation method for a project investment. However, as the mining investment is influenced by many uncertainties, DCF method cannot take into account these uncertainties and often underestimates the value of an investment project. Based on the option pricing theory of the modern financial assets, the characteristics of a real project investment are discussed, and the management option of mine managers and its pricing method are described.

  4. Enfermagem e a relação com as mães de neonatos em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ariane Thaise Frello

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available As relações estabelecidas com a enfermagem frente à experiência do nascimento prematuro de um filho influencia a vivência da mulher. O objetivo deste estudo foi delinear a relação entre a equipe de enfermagem e as mães com bebês internados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal, apresentada em artigos publicados entre 2005 e 2010. Foram utilizadas as bases de dados CINAHL, MEDLINE e LILACS, com estudos publicados entre 2005 e 2010 com os descritores: Neonatal Nursing, Premature, Mothers and Nursing Care, totalizando 21 artigos organizados nas categorias: Fases Enfrentadas pelos Pais durante a Estadia do Bebê na UTIN; Relação entre Enfermeira e Mãe; Suporte da Enfermagem; Descuidado na Relação entre Enfermeira e Mãe e Ações de Educação em Saúde. Os estudos apontam a necessidade das mães por suporte o que inclui apoio emocional, envolvimento nos cuidados ao bebê, disponibilidade para estar e conversar.

  5. Avaliação eletromiográfica da sucção em bebês com síndrome de Down Electromyographic evaluation of sucking in infants with Down syndrome

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patricia Noriko Ideriha

    2007-09-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Verificar a eficácia do trabalho fonoaudiológico na função da sucção em bebês com síndrome de Down por meio da eletromiografia de superfície. MÉTODOS: Em cada grupo (pesquisa e controle participaram cinco bebês do gênero masculino e três do feminino, com idades entre seis e dez meses, diferenciando-se pelo diagnóstico da síndrome de Down. A pesquisa foi realizada em três fases: a avaliação inicial (avaliação clínica do sistema estomatognático e de eletromiografia de superfície - provas de repouso habitual, sucção de mamadeira e retirada de papinha da colher; b processo terapêutico; c reavaliação. O grupo controle participou apenas da primeira e terceira fases. RESULTADOS: Os dados eletromiográficos mostraram diferença estatisticamente significante entre as provas de repouso habitual e mamadeira/papinha. No repouso habitual, recrutam-se poucas unidades motoras, em comparação aos demais movimentos realizados pelos músculos. CONCLUSÃO: A eletromiografia de superfície não permitiu verificar a diferença da contração do músculo orbicular da boca, antes e após a terapia, nem entre os grupos pesquisados, pois os movimentos não recrutaram unidades motoras suficientes para detectar as diferenças esperadas. Entretanto observou-se melhora dos aspectos observados através da avaliação fonoaudiológica clínica.PURPOSE: To verify the efficacy of myofunctional intervention on the sucking function of infants with Down syndrome using the surface electromyography. METHODS: Five male and three female infants with ages from six to ten months were paired in a study and a control groups, which were differentiated only by the diagnosis of Down syndrome. The research was carried out in three phases: a initial assessment (clinical evaluation of the stomatognathic system and surface electromyography - tasks of habitual rest, bottle sucking and taking puree from the spoon; b therapeutic process; c reassessment. The

  6. A new topical formulation enhances relative diclofenac bioavailability in healthy male subjects.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Brunner, Martin; Davies, David; Martin, Wolfgang; Leuratti, Chiara; Lackner, Edith; Müller, Markus

    2011-06-01

    • Therapy with topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) relies on the ability of the active drug to penetrate the skin in sufficiently high amounts to exert a clinical effect, which is linked to the specific galenic properties of the formulation. • This phase 1 study characterizes the transdermal penetration and plasma exposure of different dose levels with galenic differences of a novel topical diclofenac formulation under development and indicates greater diclofenac penetration through the skin when compared with a commercially available formulation. To evaluate the relative plasma and tissue availability of diclofenac after repeated topical administration of a novel diclofenac acid-based delivery system under development (DCF100C). This was a single-centre, open-label, three-period, crossover clinical trial of five discrete diclofenac formulations. Test preparations comprised two concentrations (1.0% and 2.5%) of DCF100C, with and without menthol and eucalyptus oil (total daily doses of 5 mg and 12.5 mg). Voltaren Emulgel gel (1.0%) was the commercially available comparator (total daily dose of 40 mg). Topical application was performed onto the thigh of 20 male healthy subjects for 3 days. Applying a Youden square design, each drug was evaluated in 12 subjects, with each subject receiving three test preparations. Blood sampling and in vivo microdialysis in subcutaneous adipose and skeletal muscle tissues were performed for 10 h after additional final doses on the morning of day 4. All four DCF100C formulations demonstrated a three- to fivefold, dose-dependent increase in systemic diclofenac availability compared with Voltaren Emulgel and were approximately 30-40 times more effective at facilitating diclofenac penetration through the skin, taking different dose levels into account. Tissue concentrations were low and highly variable. The 2.5% DCF100C formulation without sensory excipients reached the highest tissue concentrations. AUC(0,10 h) was

  7. Interacciones tempranas. Envestimiento de sí

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Eugenia Villalobos

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available En este estudio1 se identifican los elementos más significativos de los modos relacionales que se instauran entre madre y bebé, que le permiten a este último construir una percepción de sí como sujeto psicológico. El método utilizado tiene la estructura de microanálisis (Kaye, 1982, partiendo de observaciones longitudinales (desde el día del nacimiento hasta el cuarto mes de desarrollo de las interacciones de 40 madres, clase media de la ciudad de Cali, y sus bebés, en situación natural. Se identifica en los bebés una disposición biopsicológica que favorece el investimiento. La madre, por su parte, lo reconoce como su bebé e instaura relaciones donde el abrazo envolvente, la mirada y la voz se constituyen en elementos directrices que organizan la relación entre ellos y que permiten al bebé orientar la constitución de sí mismo en referencia a su propio reconocimiento y a las significaciones que surgen de su propia experiencia.

  8. Ab initio structure determination and quantitative disorder analysis on nanoparticles by electron diffraction tomography.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Krysiak, Yaşar; Barton, Bastian; Marler, Bernd; Neder, Reinhard B; Kolb, Ute

    2018-03-01

    Nanoscaled porous materials such as zeolites have attracted substantial attention in industry due to their catalytic activity, and their performance in sorption and separation processes. In order to understand the properties of such materials, current research focuses increasingly on the determination of structural features beyond the averaged crystal structure. Small particle sizes, various types of disorder and intergrown structures render the description of structures at atomic level by standard crystallographic methods difficult. This paper reports the characterization of a strongly disordered zeolite structure, using a combination of electron exit-wave reconstruction, automated diffraction tomography (ADT), crystal disorder modelling and electron diffraction simulations. Zeolite beta was chosen for a proof-of-principle study of the techniques, because it consists of two different intergrown polymorphs that are built from identical layer types but with different stacking sequences. Imaging of the projected inner Coulomb potential of zeolite beta crystals shows the intergrowth of the polymorphs BEA and BEB. The structures of BEA as well as BEB could be extracted from one single ADT data set using direct methods. A ratio for BEA/BEB = 48:52 was determined by comparison of the reconstructed reciprocal space based on ADT data with simulated electron diffraction data for virtual nanocrystals, built with different ratios of BEA/BEB. In this way, it is demonstrated that this smart interplay of the above-mentioned techniques allows the elaboration of the real structures of functional materials in detail - even if they possess a severely disordered structure.

  9. APROVEITAMENTO DA SEMENTE DE AÇAÍ PARA PRODUÇÃO DE BEBIDA À BASE DE CAFÉ

    OpenAIRE

    Lara Santana Fernandes; UFV; Bruna Giaretta Martins; UFV; Juliana Lane Paixão; UFV; Lara Stela Mendes Lustoza; UFV; Daniel Mariano Leite; UFV

    2011-01-01

    O aproveitamento da semente de açaí em bebida à base de café é uma alternativa para a redução do impacto ambiental e para a agregação de valor ao resíduo da agroindústria de açaí. Objetivou–se com a condução do presente trabalho avaliar o aproveitamento da semente de açaí, subproduto do beneficiamento dos frutos, para a produção de uma bebida à base de café e semente de açaí. Foram feitas a torrefação e moagem da semente de açaí e de grãos de café, tendo sido analisada sensorialmente a beb...

  10. Toxicological effects of clofibric acid and diclofenac on plasma thyroid hormones of an Indian major carp, Cirrhinus mrigala during short and long-term exposures.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Saravanan, Manoharan; Hur, Jang-Hyun; Arul, Narayanasamy; Ramesh, Mathan

    2014-11-01

    In the present investigation, the toxicity of most commonly detected pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment namely clofibric acid (CA) and diclofenac (DCF) was investigated in an Indian major carp Cirrhinus mrigala. Fingerlings of C. mrigala were exposed to different concentrations (1, 10 and 100μgL(-1)) of CA and DCF for a period of 96h (short term) and 35 days (long term). The toxic effects of CA and DCF on thyroid hormones (THs) such as thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) levels were evaluated. During the short and long-term exposure period TSH level was found to be decreased at all concentrations of CA (except at the end of 14(th) day in 1 and 10μgL(-l) and 21(st) day in 1μgL(-l)) whereas in DCF exposed fish TSH level was found to be increased when compared to control groups. T4 level was found to be decreased at 1 and 100μgL(-l) of CA exposure at the end of 96h. However, T4 level was decreased at all concentrations of CA and DCF during long-term (35 days) exposure period. Fish exposed to all concentrations of CA and DCF had lower level of T3 in both the treatments. These results suggest that both CA and DCF drugs induced significant changes (P<0.01 and P<0.05) on thyroid hormonal levels of C. mrigala. The alterations of these hormonal levels can be used as potential biomarkers in monitoring of pharmaceutical drugs in aquatic organisms. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  11. Ultrasonic degradation, mineralization and detoxification of diclofenac in water: optimization of operating parameters.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Naddeo, V; Belgiorno, V; Kassinos, D; Mantzavinos, D; Meric, S

    2010-01-01

    The 20 kHz ultrasound-induced degradation of non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac (DCF) was investigated. Several operating conditions, such as power density (25-100 W/L), substrate concentration (2.5-80 mg/L), initial solution pH (3.5-11), liquid bulk temperature and the type of sparging gas (air, oxygen, argon), were tested concerning their effect on DCF degradation (as assessed measuring absorbance at 276 nm) and hydroxyl radicals generation (as assessed measuring H(2)O(2) concentration). Sample mineralization (in terms of TOC and COD removal), aerobic biodegradability (as assessed by the BOD(5)/COD ratio) and ecotoxicity to Daphnia magna and Artemia salina were followed too. DCF conversion is enhanced at increased applied power densities and liquid bulk temperatures, acidic conditions and in the presence of dissolved air or oxygen. The reaction rate increases with increasing DCF concentration in the range 2.5-5mg/L but it remains constant in the range 40-80 mg/L, indicating different kinetic regimes (i.e. first and zero order, respectively). H(2)O(2) production rates in pure water are higher than those in DCF solutions, implying that decomposition basically proceeds through hydroxyl radical reactions. Mineralization is a slow process as reaction by-products are more stable than DCF to total oxidation; nonetheless, they are also more readily biodegradable. Toxicity to D. magna increases during the early stages of the reaction and then decreases progressively upon degradation of reaction by-products; nevertheless, complete toxicity elimination cannot be achieved at the conditions in question. Neither the original nor the treated DCF samples are toxic to A. salina.

  12. DCF会計と現代会計システム

    OpenAIRE

    上野, 清貴

    2006-01-01

    The purpose of this paper is to consider discounted cash flow (DCF) in accountancy, and study the meaning of the DCF accounting as an accounting system. Although it has the advantage that DCF accounting to some extent enable investment decision-making and corporate valuation, it also has the problem simultaneously. The problems are that it does not have a realistic cost of capital in this accounting system, the performance evaluation function is lacking, and the valuation method is not flexib...

  13. Nacidos para salvar. Un análisis constitucional del «bebé medicamento» // Born to save. A constitutional analysis of the “saviour sibling”

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernando Pinto Palacios

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available Resumen La Ley 14/2006, de 14 de mayo, de Técnicas de Reproducción Humana Asistida introdujo por primera vez en el ordenamiento jurídico español la técnica del «bebé medicamento». Esta revolución biotecnológica permite la creación de un donante ad hoc para satisfacer las necesidades terapéuticas de un hermano gravemente enfermo. El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en analizar aquellos derechos, intereses o valores con relevancia constitucional que se ven afectados durante el desarrollo de este proceso científico. A tal efecto, nos centramos en el estatuto jurídico-constitucional del embrión in vitro, el derecho a la protección de la salud del hijo enfermo y el derecho a la reproducción de los padres. Abstract Law 14/2006 of May 14, on Assisted Human Reproduction Techniques, introduced firstly in the Spanish legal system the technique of the «saviour sibling». This biotechnology revolution allows the creation of an ad hoc donor to satisfy the therapeutic needs of a seriously ill sibling. The aim of this work consists of an analysis of the rights, interests or values with constitutional relevance that are concerned during the development of the scientific process. For this purpose, we will focus on the legal and constitutional status of the in vitro embryo, the ill child’s health protection right and the parents’ reproduction right.

  14. Electrochemical Selective and Simultaneous Detection of Diclofenac and Ibuprofen in Aqueous Solution Using HKUST-1 Metal-Organic Framework-Carbon Nanofiber Composite Electrode

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sorina Motoc

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available In this study, the detection protocols for the individual, selective, and simultaneous determination of ibuprofen (IBP and diclofenac (DCF in aqueous solutions have been developed using HKUST-1 metal-organic framework-carbon nanofiber composite (HKUST-CNF electrode. The morphological and electrical characterization of modified composite electrode prepared by film casting was studied by scanning electronic microscopy and four-point-probe methods. The electrochemical characterization of the electrode by cyclic voltammetry (CV was considered the reference basis for the optimization of the operating conditions for chronoamperometry (CA and multiple-pulsed amperometry (MPA. This electrode exhibited the possibility to selectively detect IBP and DCF by simple switching the detection potential using CA. However, the MPA operated under optimum working conditions of four potential levels selected based on CV shape in relation to the potential value, pulse time, and potential level number, and order allowed the selective/simultaneous detection of IBP and DCF characterized by the enhanced detection performance. For this application, the HKUST-CNF electrode exhibited a good stability and reproducibility of the results was achieved.

  15. Electrochemical Selective and Simultaneous Detection of Diclofenac and Ibuprofen in Aqueous Solution Using HKUST-1 Metal-Organic Framework-Carbon Nanofiber Composite Electrode.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Motoc, Sorina; Manea, Florica; Iacob, Adriana; Martinez-Joaristi, Alberto; Gascon, Jorge; Pop, Aniela; Schoonman, Joop

    2016-10-17

    In this study, the detection protocols for the individual, selective, and simultaneous determination of ibuprofen (IBP) and diclofenac (DCF) in aqueous solutions have been developed using HKUST-1 metal-organic framework-carbon nanofiber composite (HKUST-CNF) electrode. The morphological and electrical characterization of modified composite electrode prepared by film casting was studied by scanning electronic microscopy and four-point-probe methods. The electrochemical characterization of the electrode by cyclic voltammetry (CV) was considered the reference basis for the optimization of the operating conditions for chronoamperometry (CA) and multiple-pulsed amperometry (MPA). This electrode exhibited the possibility to selectively detect IBP and DCF by simple switching the detection potential using CA. However, the MPA operated under optimum working conditions of four potential levels selected based on CV shape in relation to the potential value, pulse time, and potential level number, and order allowed the selective/simultaneous detection of IBP and DCF characterized by the enhanced detection performance. For this application, the HKUST-CNF electrode exhibited a good stability and reproducibility of the results was achieved.

  16. Constituição e desenvolvimento do self dialógico e da relação triádica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria C. D. P. Lyra

    Full Text Available Resumo: Ressaltamos a importância do estudo da gênese do self dialógico. Propomos que esse self emerge e se desenvolve no processo de comunicação em face do Outro. Tendo como foco a história da díade mãe-bebê nos primeiros oito meses de vida do bebê, sugerimos que tanto os padrões de organização do diálogo - atingindo a forma abreviada do diálogo - como a análise das posições que assume a fala da mãe denotam um processo de diferenciação do bebê como parceiro nesse diálogo. Também, o despontar do bebê como agente e sua subjetividade emergem respaldados no desenrolar da historia construída pela díade. Essa historicidade, possível de ser construída através de uma emergente capacidade do bebê de distanciamento e, portanto, capaz de abstrair as ações do contexto imediato no qual ocorrem, se constitui como um terceiro polo do diálogo, formando, então, uma relação triádica.

  17. Effects of triclosan, diclofenac, and nonylphenol on mesophilic and thermophilic methanogenic activity and on the methanogenic communities

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Symsaris, Evangelos C.; Fotidis, Ioannis; Stasinakis, Athanasios S.

    2015-01-01

    In this study, a toxicity assay using a mesophilic wastewater treatment plant sludge-based (SI) and a thermophilic manure-based inoculum (MI), under different biomass concentrations was performed to define the effects of diclofenac (DCF), triclosan (TCS), and nonylphenol (NP) on anaerobic digestion...

  18. Fabrication and evaluation of Au-Pd core-shell nanocomposites for dechlorination of diclofenac in water.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Xu; Li, Jian-Rong; Fu, Ming-Lai; Yuan, Baoling; Cui, Hao-Jie; Wang, Ya-Fen

    2015-01-01

    Nanocomposites with core-shell structure usually exhibit excellent catalytic properties due to unique interfaces and synergistic effect among composites. In this study, Au-Pd bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) with core-shell structure (Au-Pd cs) by using Au NPs as core and Pd as shell were successfully fabricated and, for the first time, were used to investigate the dechlorination of diclofenac (DCF) at H2 atmosphere in water at room temperature. The degradation products were studied as well by using HPLC/Q-ToF MS/MS. The operational factors such as pH and composition of the Au-Pd cs were also studied. The results showed that nearly 100% of DCF (30 mg L(-1), 50 mL, pH=7) was dechlorinated in 4.5 h by 10 mL of 56 mg L(-1) of Au-Pd cs. Ninety per cent of DCF was degraded in 6.5 h by the mixture of Au and Pd NPs. However, the individual Au NPs had no obvious effect in degrading DCF and the monometallic Pd NPs with comparable concentration only degraded less than 20% of DCF. Furthermore, the reaction mechanism of this catalytic process was studied in detail. It was found that the degradation was a second-order exponential reaction. The two main degradation products were obtained by cleaving the carbon-halogen bond of DCF and this made the degradation products more environmentally friendly.

  19. A prevalência do uso de sonda nasogástrica em bebês portadores de fissura de lábio e/ou palato Prevalence of the use of nasogastric tube in babies with cleft lip and/or palate

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Camila Queiroz de Moraes Silveira Di Ninno

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Investigar a prevalência do uso de sonda nasogástrica em bebês com fissura labiopalatina, sua correlação com tipo de fissura, maternidade e cidade de origem, e a idade na primeira consulta. MÉTODOS: A amostra constituiu-se de 137 bebês de ambos os gêneros, com fissura de lábio e/ou palato, sem outros comprometimentos, nascidos a termo, e que chegaram para primeira consulta em um centro especializado em fissura entre zero e 12 meses (mediana=33 dias. Realizou-se análise estatística pelo teste de coeficiente de contingência (pPURPOSE: To investigate the prevalence of the use of nasogastric tube in babies with cleft lip and/or palate, and to correlate its use with type of cleft, maternity hospital (private or public and city of origin, and age at the first visit to a cleft center. METHODS: The sample consisted of data collected from 137 babies of both genders with cleft lip and/or palate, without any other associated anomalies, born full-term, who attended their first consultation at a specialized cleft center with ages between zero and 12 months (median=33 days. Statistical analyses used the coefficient of contingency test (p<0,05. RESULTS: From the subjects, 61% were male and 39% were female; 51% presented cleft lip and palate, 35% cleft palate, and 14% cleft lip. Regarding place of birth, 36% were born in private and 64% in public maternity hospitals; 60% were born in the city of Belo Horizonte (Minas Gerais, Brazil, 15% in other cities of the metropolitan area, and 25% in other cities at the state of Minas Gerais (Brazil. The use of nasogastric tube was reported in 23% of the cases. There was no association between the type of cleft or maternity and the use of the tube, but the later was more frequent within the metropolitan area (p=0,007. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of the use of nasogastric tube in babies with cleft lip and/or palate was considered high since they were born full-term and without any other associated

  20. PERCEPÇÃO DAS MÃES SOBRE ALEITAMENTO EM PREMATUROS DA UNIDADE CANGURU DE UMA MATERNIDADE DE FORTALEZA - CE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    KARLA MARIA CARNEIRO ROLIM

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este estudio fue saber cómo perciben las madres el proceso de lactancia materna en prematuros asistidos en la Unidad Madre Canguro. Estudio descriptivo, con planteo cualitativo, realizado en una maternidad pública, en Fortaleza-CE, en el período de enero a mayo de 2007. Los sujetos sondeados fueron 10 madres que se hallaban con bebés internados en la Unidad. Se utilizó entrevista estructurada en parte, de la cual surgieron las categorías: conocimiento materno sobre el bebé prematuro, percepción de las madres sobre el método madre canguro, apreciación de las madres en amamantar un bebé prematuro y satisfacción con el servicio. El vínculo afectivo del binomio madre e hijo quedó en evidencia y, a su vez, considerado factor significativo en la recuperación del bebé.

  1. Identification of a phytotoxic photo-transformation product of diclofenac using effect-directed analysis

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Schulze, Tobias, E-mail: tobias.schulze@ufz.d [UFZ Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig (Germany); Weiss, Sara [UFZ Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig (Germany); Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Department of Chemical Risk Assessment, Nikolai-Fuchs-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover (Germany); Schymanski, Emma; Ohe, Peter Carsten von der [UFZ Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig (Germany); Schmitt-Jansen, Mechthild; Altenburger, Rolf [UFZ Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig (Germany); Streck, Georg; Brack, Werner [UFZ Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig (Germany)

    2010-05-15

    The pharmaceutical diclofenac (DCF) is released in considerably high amounts to the aquatic environment. Photo-transformation of DCF was reported as the main degradation pathway in surface waters and was found to produce metabolites with enhanced toxicity to the green algae Scenedesmus vacuolatus. We identified and subsequently confirmed 2-[2-(chlorophenyl)amino]benzaldehyde (CPAB) as a transformation product with enhanced toxicity using effect-directed analysis. The EC{sub 50} of CPAB (4.8 mg/L) was a factor of 10 lower than that for DCF (48.1 mg/L), due to the higher hydrophobicity of CPAB (log K{sub ow} = 3.62) compared with DCF (log D{sub ow} = 2.04) at pH 7.0. - Effect-directed analysis of irradiated diclofenac results in the identification of one photo-transformation product responsible for the enhanced toxicity to Scenedesmus vacuolatus.

  2. Trauma craniano violento pediátrico: uma revisão da literatura

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nahara R.L. Lopes

    2013-10-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Fornecer uma revisão de literatura científica sobre trauma craniano violento pediátrico enquanto forma de maus-tratos físicos contra bebês e crianças, ressaltando prevalência, sinais e sintomas, consequências, fatores de risco para sua ocorrência e, principalmente, estratégias de prevenção. FONTES DOS DADOS: Revisão nas bases de dados MEDLINE, SciELO, LILACS e Web of Science no período de 2001 a 2012 utilizando os termos "síndrome do bebê sacudido" e "trauma craniano violento" em inglês, espanhol e português. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: O trauma craniano violento é definido como a lesão ao crânio ou ao conteúdo intracraniano de um bebê ou criança menor de cinco anos devido a um impacto brusco intencional e/ou a uma sacudida violenta. Ocorre principalmente com bebês e crianças menores de um ano de idade, e pode resultar em consequências graves, desde deficiências físicas ou mentais até a morte. Apesar de haver sinais específicos para esta forma de maus-tratos, eles podem se confundir com doenças comuns em crianças ou traumas cranianos acidentais, sendo imprescindível o preparo clínico dos profissionais envolvidos na avaliação dos casos para o diagnóstico correto. As estratégias de prevenção devem incluir tanto a identificação precoce dos casos, como a educação parental sobre o desenvolvimento infantil, especialmente sobre o padrão de choro do bebê. CONCLUSÕES: Considerando a gravidade do trauma craniano violento pediátrico, é fundamental que estratégias de prevenção sejam implementadas e avaliadas no contexto brasileiro. Sugere-se que indicadores de sua incidência sejam pesquisados nacionalmente.

  3. Methods of Bank Valuation in the Age of Globalization

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alexander Karminsky

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available This paper reviews the theory ofvalue-based management at the commercial bank and the main valuation methods in the age of globalization. The paper identifies five main factors that significantly influence valuation models selection and building: funding, liquidity, risks, exogenous factors and the capital cushion. It is shown that valuation models can be classified depending on underlying cash flows. Particular attention is paid to models based on potentially available cash flows (Discounted cash flow-oriented approaches, DCF and models based on residual income flows (Residual income-oriented approaches. In addition, we consider an alternative approach based on comparison with same sector banks (based on multiples. For bank valuation equity discounted сash flow method is recommended (Equity DCF. Equity DCF values equity value of a bank directly by discounting cash flows to equity at the cost of equity (Capital Asset Pricing Model, CAPM, rather than at the weighted average cost of capital (WACC. For the purposes of operational management residual income-oriented approaches are recommended for use, because they are better aligned with the process of internal planning and forecasting in banks. For strategic management residual income-oriented methods most useful when expected cash flows are negative throughout the forecast period. Discounted сash flow-oriented approaches are preferable when expected cash flows have positive values and needs for models using is motivated by supporting the investment decisions. Proposed classification can be developed in interests of bank management tasks in the midterm in the age of globalization.

  4. Heterogeneous oxidation of diclofenac in the presence of α-MnO2 nanorods: influence of operating factors and mechanism.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Jian; Zhang, Tuqiao; Ye, Miaomiao

    2015-01-01

    Diclofenac (DCF), one of the pharmaceutical and personal care products that has been widely detected in water, was selected as a model pollutant to evaluate the oxidation activity of α-MnO2 nanorods. The results showed that the heterogeneous oxidation process is highly pH dependent, with higher degradation efficiency at lower pH values. The complete removal of DCF was obtained within 80 min at the solution pH value of 2.5. The oxidation kinetics of DCF can be modeled by Langmuir-Hinshelwood equation (R2>0.999). The effects of various operating parameters, including initial solution pH, α-MnO2 dosage, anions, and cations, on the oxidation efficiency were investigated in detail. A possible reaction pathway for DCF was proposed. In addition, it was demonstrated that the α-MnO2 nanorods can be recycled without decreasing their oxidation activity after 10 cycles.

  5. System performance of new types of dispersion compensating fibres

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Peucheret, Christophe; Tokle, Torger; Knudsen, Stig Nissen

    2001-01-01

    Summary form only given. The management of dispersion and non-linearities is of prime importance in WDM systems. Dispersion compensating fibres (DCF) are extremely attractive when used in conjunction with standard single mode fibres (SMF). New types of DCFs compensating for the dispersion of SMF...... in a 1:1 length ratio have been recently presented and intermediate types of DCF (compensating for SMF in a 1:2 or 1:3 length ratio) have also been designed and fabricated. The properties of the various types of available DCFs with dispersion of -17, -40, -54 and -100 ps/(nm.km), corresponding to SMF......-linear coefficient are significantly reduced. As all these new fibres are designed to be cabled (therefore the DCF is part of the span length), and as it has also been shown that conventional DCF can be cabled successfully, their use in real systems needs to be compared...

  6. Dual fluorescent molecular substrates selectively report the activation, sustainability and reversibility of cellular PKB/Akt activity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shen, Duanwen; Bai, Mingfeng; Tang, Rui; Xu, Baogang; Ju, Xiaoming; Pestell, Richard G; Achilefu, Samuel

    2013-01-01

    Using a newly developed near-infrared (NIR) dye that fluoresces at two different wavelengths (dichromic fluorescence, DCF), we discovered a new fluorescent substrate for Akt, also known as protein kinase B, and a method to quantitatively report this enzyme's activity in real time. Upon insulin activation of cellular Akt, the enzyme multi-phosphorylated a single serine residue of a diserine DCF substrate in a time-dependent manner, culminating in monophospho- to triphospho-serine products. The NIR DCF probe was highly selective for the Akt1 isoform, which was demonstrated using Akt1 knockout cells derived from MMTV-ErbB2 transgenic mice. The DCF mechanism provides unparalleled potential to assess the stimulation, sustainability, and reversibility of Akt activation longitudinally. Importantly, NIR fluorescence provides a pathway to translate findings from cells to living organisms, a condition that could eventually facilitate the use of these probes in humans.

  7. Electron impact ionisation cross sections of iron oxides

    Science.gov (United States)

    Huber, Stefan E.; Mauracher, Andreas; Sukuba, Ivan; Urban, Jan; Maihom, Thana; Probst, Michael

    2017-12-01

    We report electron impact ionisation cross sections (EICSs) of iron oxide molecules, FexOx and FexOx+1 with x = 1, 2, 3, from the ionisation threshold to 10 keV, obtained with the Deutsch-Märk (DM) and binary-encounter-Bethe (BEB) methods. The maxima of the EICSs range from 3.10 to 9 . 96 × 10-16 cm2 located at 59-72 eV and 5.06 to 14.32 × 10-16 cm2 located at 85-108 eV for the DM and BEB approaches, respectively. The orbital and kinetic energies required for the BEB method are obtained by employing effective core potentials for the inner core electrons in the quantum chemical calculations. The BEB cross sections are 1.4-1.7 times larger than the DM cross sections which can be related to the decreasing population of the Fe 4s orbitals upon addition of oxygen atoms, together with the different methodological foundations of the two methods. Both the DM and BEB cross sections can be fitted excellently to a simple analytical expression used in modelling and simulation codes employed in the framework of nuclear fusion research. Supplementary material in the form of one pdf file available from the Journal web page at http://https://doi.org/10.1140/epjd/e2017-80308-2.

  8. Design of the Brine Evaporation Bag for Increased Water Recovery in Microgravity

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hayden, Anna L.; Delzeit, Lance D.

    2015-01-01

    The existing water recovery system on the International Space Station (ISS) is limited to 75% reclamation; consequently, long duration space missions are currently unfeasible due to the large quantity of water necessary to sustain the crew. The Brine Evaporation Bag (BEB) is a proposed system to supplement the existing water recovery system aboard the ISS that can to increase water recovery to 99%. The largest barrier to high water recovery is mineral scaling inside the water recovery equipment, which leads to equipment failure; therefore, some water must remain to keep the minerals dissolved. This waste stream is liquid brine containing salts, acids, organics, and water. The BEB is designed to recover this remaining water while protecting the equipment from scale. The BEB consists of a sealed bag containing a hydrophobic membrane that allows water vapor and gas to pass through. It is operated under vacuum, heated, and continuously filled with brine to boil away the water. The water vapor is recovered and the solids are contained inside the bag for disposal. The BEB can dry the brine to a solid block. Ongoing work includes improving the design of the BEB and the evaporator to prevent leaks, maximize the rate of water removal, and minimize energy use and weight. Additional testing will determine whether designs are heat- or mass-transfer limited and the optimal water recovery rate.

  9. The use of Depletion Methods to assess Mediterranean cephalopod stocks under the current EU Data Collection Framework

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    S. KELLER

    2015-09-01

    Full Text Available Fuelled by the raising importance of cephalopod fisheries in Europe, there have been demands from scientists and stakeholders for their assessment and management. However, little has been done to improve the data collection in order to analyse cephalopod populations under the EU Data Collection Framework (DCF. While the DCF allows member states to design flexible national sampling programmes, it establishes the minimum data requirements (MDR each state is obliged to fulfil. In this study, it was investigated whether such MDR currently set by the DCF allow the application of depletion models (DMs to assess European cephalopod stocks. Squid and cuttlefish fisheries from the western Mediterranean were used as a case study. This exercise sheds doubt on the suitability of the MDR to properly assess and manage cephalopod stocks by means of DMs. Owing to the high plasticity of life-history traits in cephalopod populations, biological parameters should be estimated during the actual depletion period of the fished stocks, in contrast with the triennial sampling established by the DCF. In order to accurately track the depletion event, the rapid growth rates of cephalopods implies that their populations should be monitored at shorter time scales (ideally weekly or biweekly instead of quarterly as required by the DCF. These measures would not demand additional resources of the ongoing DCF, but a redistribution of sampling efforts during the depletion period. Such changes in the sampling scheme could be designed and undertaken by the member states or directly integrated as requirements.

  10. A proposal of cost evaluation of own capital for the Brazilian electric sector; Uma proposta de avaliacao do custo do capital proprio para o setor de energia eletrica brasileiro

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Serrano, Ricardo Oliveira L.

    2003-12-01

    This work studies the own capital cost of the Brazilian electric sector, by using three methodologies: Comparable Accounting Results (CAR), using historical values for measurement, Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) and the CAPM, elaborated from expected values.The obtained results by using the CAR method indicated that the Brazilian electric power sector is not receiving remuneration according to the real maintenance and expansion necessities. Based on this observation, it was considered appropriated to discard the CAR method in the proposed methodology, therefore using the simply average of the CAPM e DCF models. By using the simply average of the models presents the advantage of capturing specific characteristics of each model, and to dilute effects of eventual extreme values.

  11. Coupled Organoclay/Micelle Action for the Adsorption of Diclofenac.

    Science.gov (United States)

    De Oliveira, Tiago; Guégan, Régis

    2016-09-20

    A Na-smectite clay mineral (Na-Mt) was exchanged with various amounts of benzyldimethyltetradecyl ammonium chloride cationic surfactant (BDTAC) up to four times the cation exchange capacity (CEC). The adsorption properties of these organoclays as well as a coupled micelle/organoclay process were evaluated to remove an anionic pharmaceutical product, the diclofenac (DCF), recognized as a recalcitrant compound for conventional water treatments and to be poorly adsorbed onto untreated clay mineral. The DCF affinity appears to depend on the lipophilic character of organoclays in correlation to the density of intercalated BDTA and is particularly enhanced for sorbent systems with free surfactant or micelle in solution. The combination of both organclay and BDTA in excess or micelle as a one pot adsorption system appears to be the most efficient material for the sequestration of DCF and other pharmaceutical products (PPs) with a KF Freundlich constant of 1.7 L g(-1) and no restriction of the adsorbed DCF amount as the linear adsorption isotherm shows. A BDTA hydrophobic core micelle coupled with a positive electric charge forms an organic complex with DCF that is properly intercalated within the interlayer space of BDTA-Mt organoclays as both Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) data supported.

  12. Novel Antitumor Platinum(II) Conjugates Containing the Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Agent Diclofenac: Synthesis and Dual Mechanisms of Antiproliferative Effects.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Intini, Francesco Paolo; Zajac, Juraj; Novohradsky, Vojtech; Saltarella, Teresa; Pacifico, Concetta; Brabec, Viktor; Natile, Giovanni; Kasparkova, Jana

    2017-02-06

    One concept how to improve anticancer effects of conventional metallodrugs consists in conjugation of these compounds with other biologically (antitumor) active agents, acting by a different mechanism. Here, we present synthesis, biological effects, and mechanisms of action of new Pt(II) derivatives containing one or two nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory diclofenac (DCF) ligands also known for their antitumor effects. The antiproliferative properties of these metallic conjugates show that these compounds are potent and cancer cell selective cytotoxic agents exhibiting activity in cisplatin resistant and the COX-2 positive tumor cell lines. One of these compounds, compound 3, in which DCF molecules are coordinated to Pt(II) through their carboxylic group, is more potent than parental conventional Pt(II) drug cisplatin, free DCF and the congeners of 3 in which DCF ligands are conjugated to Pt(II) via a diamine. The potency of 3 is due to several factors including enhanced internalization that correlates with enhanced DNA binding and cytotoxicity. Mechanistic studies show that 3 combines multiple effects. After its accumulation in cells, it releases Pt(II) drug capable of binding/damaging DNA and DCF ligands, which affect distribution of cells in individual phases of the cell cycle, inhibit glycolysis and lactate transport, collapse mitochondrial membrane potential, and suppress the cellular properties characteristic of metastatic progression.

  13. The Effectiveness of Capital Budgeting Techniques in Evaluating ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    DR Nneka

    evaluating the profitability of a project are- pay-back, accounting rate of return, net ... is called financial assets investment, and the technique for evaluating the feasibility of ..... The fundamental theory of share values is based on DCF principles.

  14. Diclofenac toxicity in human intestine ex vivo is not related to the formation of intestinal metabolites

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Niu, Xiaoyu; de Graaf, Inge A. M.; Langelaar-Makkinje, Miriam; Horvatovich, Peter; Groothuis, Geny M. M.

    The use of diclofenac (DCF), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, is associated with a high prevalence of gastrointestinal side effects. In vivo studies in rodents suggested that reactive metabolites of DCF produced by the liver or the intestine might be responsible for this toxicity. In the

  15. The role of metabolism in Diclofenac-induced intestinal toxicity in human ex vivo

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Niu, Xiaoyu; Makkinje, Miriam; de Graaf, Inge; Groothuis, Genoveva

    2012-01-01

    The use of Diclofenac (DCF: 2-(2,6-dichloranilino) phenyl acetic acid ), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug is associated with severe gastro-intestinal side-effects. In vivo rat studies suggest that reactive metabolites of DCF, produced by the liver, play an important role in the intestinal

  16. The role of metabolism in diclofenac-induced intestinal toxicity in rat and human in vitro

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Niu, Xiaoyu; Makkinje, Miriam; de Graaf, Inge; Groothuis, Genoveva

    The use of Diclofenac (DCF), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug is associated with severe gastro-intestinal side-effects. The mechanisms of drug-induced intestinal toxicity are largely unknown due to the lack of in vitro models. In vivo rat studies suggested that reactive metabolites of DCF

  17. Linear and non-linear optics of nano-scale 2‧,7‧dichloro-fluorescein/FTO optical system: Bandgap and dielectric analysis

    Science.gov (United States)

    Iqbal, Javed; Yahia, I. S.; Zahran, H. Y.; AlFaify, S.; AlBassam, A. M.; El-Naggar, A. M.

    2016-12-01

    2‧,7‧ dichloro-Fluorescein (DCF) is a promising organic semiconductor material in different technological aspects such as solar cell, photodiode, Schottky diode. DCF thin film/conductive glass (FTO glass) was prepared by a low-cost spin coating technique. The spectrophotometric data such as the absorbance, reflectance and transmittance were cogitated in the 350-2500 nm wavelength range, at the normal incidence. The absorption (n) and linear refractive indices (k) were computed using the Fresnel's equations. The optical band gap was evaluated and it was found that there is two band gap described as follows: (1) It is related to the band gap of FTO/glass which is equal 3.4 eV and (2) the second one is related to the absorption edge of DCF equals 2.25 eV. The non-linear parameters such as the refractive index (n2) and optical susceptibility χ(3) were evaluated by the spectroscopic method based on the refractive index. Both (n2) and χ(3) increased rapidly on increasing the wavelength with redshift absorption. Our work represents a new idea about using FTO glass for a new generation of the optical device and technology.

  18. The Effect of Different Exercise Programs on Size and Function of Deep Cervical Flexor Muscles in Patients With Chronic Nonspecific Neck Pain: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Amiri Arimi, Somayeh; Mohseni Bandpei, Mohammad Ali; Javanshir, Khodabakhsh; Rezasoltani, Asghar; Biglarian, Akbar

    2017-08-01

    Neck pain is one of the major public health problems, which has a great impact on people's lives. The purpose of this study was to systematically review published studies conducted on the effect of different exercise programs on activity, size, endurance, and strength of deep cervical flexor (DCF) muscles in patients with chronic neck pain. The PubMed, Science Direct, OVID, Google scholar, Cochrane Library, and Physiotherapy Evidence Databases were searched to determine relevant articles published from 1990 to March 2016. The articles were qualitatively assessed based on the Physiotherapy Evidence Databases scale for randomized controlled trials studies. Nine articles were identified and evaluated in the final analysis. Four studies had moderate quality, and five studies had good quality. From those nine studies, eight studies gave support to the effectiveness of specific low-load exercise training on DCF muscles parameters, while one study reported no significant difference between this exercise and other cervical exercise programs. The results of reviewed studies are in favor of specific low-load craniocervical flexion exercise, which seems to be a highly effective exercise regimen compared to other types of exercises in improving DCF muscles impairments in patients with chronic neck pain.

  19. Interação mãe-bebê pré-termo e mudança no estado de humor: comparação do Método Mãe-Canguru com visita na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal Interaction between mothers and pre-term infants and mood changes: a comparison between the Kangaroo Mother Method and those observed on a visit to a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernando Guimarães Cruvinel

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: avaliar mudanças nos estados de humor de mães de bebês pré-termo em função do tipo de contato com o seu filho: Método Mãe-Canguru (MMC e visita ao filho na incubadora da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal. MÉTODOS: foi aplicada a Escala Analógica de Humor em 60 mães divididas em 2 grupos: mães que participam do Método Mãe-Canguru (GC e mães que acompanharam o bebê na incubadora (GI. Os grupos foram pareados em função da idade das mães, número de gestações e tipo de parto. As mães foram avaliadas antes e depois de uma das visitas ao filho na incubadora ou sessão de MMC. RESULTADOS: as mães do GC melhoraram o humor, relatando: sentirem-se mais calmas, fortes, com idéias claras, ágeis, dinâmicas, satisfeitas, tranqüilas, perspicazes, relaxadas, atentas, competentes, alegres e amistosas. As mães do GI não apresentaram melhora no estado de humor em nenhum item, mas pioraram no item "sentindo-se desajeitada". CONCLUSÕES: o Método Mãe-Canguru mostrou-se eficaz na melhora nos estados de humor de mães de bebês pré-termo, contribuindo assim para a minimização dos efeitos negativos da internação neonatal.OBJECTIVE: to assess changes in the subjective state of mood of mothers of pre-term babies, comparing different kinds of mother-infant interaction: the Kangaroo Mother Method (KMM and those observed on a visit to a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. METHODS: the Visual Analogue Mood Scale was used with 60 mothers divided into two groups: mothers included in the Kangaroo Program (KG and mothers with a baby on an incubator (IG. The groups were matched for the mothers' age, number of pregnancies and kind of delivery. The mothers were evaluated before and after a visit to the baby on an incubator or a KMM session. RESULTS: it was found that KG mothers were in a better mood, reporting that they felt calmer, stronger, more clear-headed, more agile, dynamic, satisfied, at ease, perceptive, relaxed, considerate

  20. FT-IR and X-ray spectroscopic investigations of Na-diclofenac-cyclodextrins interactions

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bratu, I.; Astilean, S.; Ionesc, Corina; Indrea, E.; Huvenne, J. P.; Legrand, P.

    1998-01-01

    The association of DCF-Na (the salt of the 2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino]-phenyl-acetic acid) with β-CD (cyclodextrin) in some therapeutic formulas can contribute to the optimisation of the physico-chemical and pharmaceutical properties of the parent drug. The understanding of the interaction between DCF with β-CD represents the objective of this study. FT-IR spectroscopy is one of the methods which clarify the nature of these interactions in complexes of such type. Therefore the changes in FT-IR spectra of binary dispersed systems DCF/ β-CD in physical mixture and coprecipitate from methanol (molar ratios: 1/1, 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 7/4) were analysed. The analysis of the broadening of the X-ray powder diffraction line has been applied to investigate the average effective crystallite size, the mean square of the microstrain caused by distortions within β-CD crystallite and the fault probability in the binary dispersed DCF/ β-CD coprecipitate system.

  1. Simultaneous determination of diclofenac and its common counter-ions in less than 1 minute using capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cunha, Rafael R; Gimenes, Denise T; Munoz, Rodrigo A A; do Lago, Claudimir L; Richter, Eduardo M

    2013-05-01

    This paper presents a method for fast and simultaneous determination of diclofenac (DCF) and its common counter-ions (potassium, sodium, and diethylammonium) using CE with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CE-C(4) D). On the basis of a single electropherogram (about 50 s), the proposed method allows the determination of the stoichiometry, absolute quantification and evaluation of the degradation degree of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (DCF). A linear working range from 100 to 500 μmol/L was obtained for all analytes in an equimolar TRIS/TAPS (10 mmol/L) solution as the background electrolyte as well as adequate LOD (7, 6, 7, and 10 μmol/L for K(+) , Na(+) , diethylammonium, and DCF, respectively). The proposed method was applied to the analysis of pharmaceutical formulations (tablets and spray form) with similar results to those achieved by HPLC (DCF) or flame photometry (K and Na) at a 95% confidence level. © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  2. Foothill Transit Battery Electric Bus Demonstration Results

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Eudy, Leslie [National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Prohaska, Robert [National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Kelly, Kenneth [National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Post, Matthew [National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

    2016-01-27

    Foothill Transit is collaborating with the California Air Resources Board and the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) to evaluate its fleet of Proterra battery electric buses (BEBs) in revenue service. The focus of this evaluation is to compare performance of the BEBs to that of conventional technology and to track progress over time toward meeting performance targets. This project has also provided an opportunity for DOE to conduct a detailed evaluation of the BEBs and charging infrastructure. This report provides data on the buses from April 2014 through July 2015. Data are provided on a selection of compressed natural gas buses as a baseline comparison.

  3. Do berço ao berçário: a instituição como morada e lugar de contato

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marta Nörnberg

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available Este ensaio aborda o sentido da instituição infantil a partir de uma perspectiva ético-estético-afetiva do viver humano. A abordagem ampara-se em perspectivas filosóficas sobre a existência humana. Os argumentos apresentam o berçário como morada, lugar do viver juntos, instituição que se faz em coletividade, nela e com ela, decorrente do encontro de bebês e adultos. Ao constituir-se como morada dos bebês, o berçário ritualiza e reatualiza a prática pedagógica como lugar de relação entre bebês e adultos, requerendo uma pedagogia do contato.

  4. Performance Analysis of a Cluster-Based MAC Protocol for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jesús Alonso-Zárate

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available An analytical model to evaluate the non-saturated performance of the Distributed Queuing Medium Access Control Protocol for Ad Hoc Networks (DQMANs in single-hop networks is presented in this paper. DQMAN is comprised of a spontaneous, temporary, and dynamic clustering mechanism integrated with a near-optimum distributed queuing Medium Access Control (MAC protocol. Clustering is executed in a distributed manner using a mechanism inspired by the Distributed Coordination Function (DCF of the IEEE 802.11. Once a station seizes the channel, it becomes the temporary clusterhead of a spontaneous cluster and it coordinates the peer-to-peer communications between the clustermembers. Within each cluster, a near-optimum distributed queuing MAC protocol is executed. The theoretical performance analysis of DQMAN in single-hop networks under non-saturation conditions is presented in this paper. The approach integrates the analysis of the clustering mechanism into the MAC layer model. Up to the knowledge of the authors, this approach is novel in the literature. In addition, the performance of an ad hoc network using DQMAN is compared to that obtained when using the DCF of the IEEE 802.11, as a benchmark reference.

  5. Consequences of Mrp2 deficiency for diclofenac toxicity in the rat intestine ex vivo

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Niu, Xiaoyu; de Graaf, Inge A. M.; van de Vegte, Dennis; Langelaar-Makkinje, Miriam; Sekine, Shuichi; Groothuis, Geny M. M.

    The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac (DCF) has a high prevalence of intestinal side effects in humans and rats. It has been reported that Mrp2 transporter deficient rats (Mrp2) are more resistant to DCF induced intestinal toxicity. This was explained in vivo by impaired Mrp2-dependent

  6. Tecendo as teias do abandono: além das percepções das mães de bebês prematuros Weaving the web of abandonment: beyond the perceptions of mothers of preterm infants

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rosangela Torquato Fernandes

    2011-10-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo foi analisar a rede de eventos envolvidos na intenção de abandono de bebês prematuros por suas mães. Pesquisa qualitativa realizada com 12 mães de prematuros internados na UTIN, do HUUMI. As técnicas foram entrevistas semiestruturadas e grupo focal realizados na internação e no ambulatório de seguimento. Amostra definida pelos critérios de saturação, a partir da repetição das falas. Utilizou-se análise de conteúdo na modalidade de análise temática. Resultados evidenciaram as dificuldades em ser mãe de prematuros e diversas formas de abandono em suas histórias de vida: abandono familiar, abandono social, abandono do companheiro que podem ter contribuído para a manifestação da intenção de abandono e/ou negligência materna. O abandono familiar materno foi evidenciado na infância, adolescência, na gravidez e no período de internação do bebê. Destacando-se a percepção do cuidado como obrigação materna, levando à construção do tipo idealizado de que boa mãe é a que cuida e não abandona. Redes de suporte podem empoderá-las facilitando a construção de vínculos e levando ao desejo de não abandonar. Conclui-se que existe uma rede de eventos e fenômenos sociais, familiares e políticos que contribuem para a intenção ou a efetiva realização do abandono. A mãe abandonada pode ser uma mãe abandonante.The scope of this study was to analyze the events involved in preterm infant abandonment by their mothers. A qualitative study was carried out with 12 mothers of preterm infants interned in the NICU of the Federal University of Maranhão - Brazil. The techniques were semi-structured interviews and a focus group performed during internment and in follow-up in the outpatient unit. The sample was defined according to saturation criteria. Content analysis was utilized by thematic scrutiny. The results showed several modes of abandonment in the mothers' life history: abandonment by relatives, social

  7. Pharmacological inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase or genetic deletion reduces diclofenac-induced gastric ulcers.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Goswami, Sumanta Kumar; Rand, Amelia Ann; Wan, Debin; Yang, Jun; Inceoglu, Bora; Thomas, Melany; Morisseau, Christophe; Yang, Guang-Yu; Hammock, Bruce D

    2017-07-01

    This research was conducted to evaluate the hypothesis that gastric ulcers caused by the NSAID diclofenac sodium (DCF) can be prevented by the soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor TPPU. Mice were administered a single dose of 10, 30 or 100mg/kg of DCF. Once an ulcerative dose of DCF was chosen, mice were pretreated with TPPU for 7days at 0.1mg/kg to evaluate anti-ulcer effects of the sEH inhibitor on anatomy, histopathology, pH, inflammatory markers and epithelial apoptosis of stomachs. Diclofenac caused ulceration of the stomach at a dose of 100mg/kg and a time post dose of 6h. Ulcers generated under these conditions were associated with a significant increase in the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in serum and increased apoptosis compared to control mice. Pretreatment with TPPU resulted in a decrease of ulceration in mice treated with DCF with a significant decrease in the level of apoptosis, TNF-α and IL-6 in the serum in comparison to diclofenac-treated mice. TPPU did not affect the pH of the stomach, whereas omeprazole elevated the pH of the stomach as expected. A similar anti-ulcer effect was observed in sEH gene knockout mice treated with DCF. The sEH inhibitor TPPU decreases the NSAID-induced stomach ulcers. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  8. Degradation of diclofenac by UV-activated persulfate process: Kinetic studies, degradation pathways and toxicity assessments.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lu, Xian; Shao, Yisheng; Gao, Naiyun; Chen, Juxiang; Zhang, Yansen; Xiang, Huiming; Guo, Youluo

    2017-07-01

    Diclofenac (DCF) is the frequently detected non-steroidal pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment. In this study, the degradation of DCF was evaluated by UV-254nm activated persulfate (UV/PS). The degradation of DCF followed the pseudo first-order kinetics pattern. The degradation rate constant (k obs ) was accelerated by UV/PS compared to UV alone and PS alone. Increasing the initial PS dosage or solution pH significantly enhanced the degradation efficiency. Presence of various natural water constituents had different effects on DCF degradation, with an enhancement or inhibition in the presence of inorganic anions (HCO 3 - or Cl - ) and a significant inhibition in the presence of NOM. In addition, preliminary degradation mechanisms and major products were elucidated using LC-MS/MS. Hydroxylation, decarbonylation, ring-opening and cyclation reaction involving the attack of SO 4 • - or other substances, were the main degradation mechanism. TOC analyzer and Microtox bioassay were employed to evaluate the mineralization and cytotoxicity of solutions treated by UV/PS at different times, respectively. Limited elimination of TOC (32%) was observed during the mineralization of DCF. More toxic degradation products and their related intermediate species were formed, and the UV/PS process was suitable for removing the toxicity. Of note, longer degradation time may be considered for the final toxicity removal. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Inc.

  9. Solar degradation of diclofenac using Eosin-Y-activated TiO2: cost estimation, process optimization and parameter interaction study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hashim, Noshin; Thakur, Shaila; Patang, Mouska; Crapulli, Ferdinando; Ray, Ajay K

    2017-04-01

    Diclofenac (DCF), a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, is a commonly detected substance that readily accumulates in tissues of aquatic fish and poses a threat to wildlife and freshwater quality. Advanced Oxidation Processes have been employed as an alternative due to the inadequacy of conventional treatment methods of trace contaminants. This study utilized an innovative method of solar-activation of TiO 2 using Eosin-Y dye for the degradation of DCF. Furthermore, the study incorporated a central composite design (CCD) to optimize the dye concentration and estimated the cost for the present process. Optimized parameters for light intensity (750 mW/cm 2 ), Eosin-Y dye concentration (2 mg/L), TiO 2 loading (37.5 mg/cm 2 ) and DCF concentration (25 mg/L) were determined through a CCD. The optimized parameters convey a DCF degradation rate of 40% and 49% for 2 ppm (low range) and 4 ppm (high range) dye concentrations, respectively, for a 5-minute reaction time. Cost estimation for the materials used was for the current process was also performed. It was determined that the additional cost of using 4 ppm instead of 2 ppm to achieve only 10% more DCF degradation is not warranted and would require additional treatment to remove subsequently formed halogenated compounds.

  10. Efficacy of the Reactive Oxygen Species Generated by Immobilized TiO2 in the Photocatalytic Degradation of Diclofenac

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    B. Di Credico

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available We report on the photodegradation of diclofenac (DCF by hydrothermal anatase nanocrystals either free or immobilized in porous silica matrix (TS in connection to the type and amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS, in order to have deeper insight into their role in the photocatalysis and to provide an effective tool to implement the DCF mineralization. TiO2 and TS exhibit a remarkable efficiency in the DCF abatement, supporting that the utilization of anatase nanoparticles with the highly reactive {001}, {010}, and {101} exposed surfaces can be an effective way for enhancing the photooxidation even of the persistent pollutants. Furthermore, the hydrothermal TiO2, when immobilized in silica matrix, preserves its functional properties, combining high photoactivity with an easy technical use and recovery of the catalyst. The catalysts performances have been related to the presence of OH•, O21, and O2-• species by electron paramagnetic resonance spin-trap technique. The results demonstrated that the ROS concentration increases with the increase of photoactivity and indicated a significant involvement of O21 in the DCF degradation. The efficacy of TiO2 when immobilized on a silica matrix was associated with the high ROS life time and with the presence of singlet oxygen, which contributes to the complete photomineralization of DCF.

  11. El papel de enfermería en la promoción de la lactancia materna /

    OpenAIRE

    Valverde García, Leticia

    2016-01-01

    Se trata de que los profesionales de la salud tengan los puntos claves para conseguir que las madres que desean amamantar a sus bebés encuentren la ayuda necesaria. Además de informar de los conocimientos científicamente contrastados respecto a la lactancia materna, analizando los beneficios que tiene la misma, tanto para el bebé como para la madre

  12. Análise empírica de modelos de valuation no ambiente brasileiro: fluxo de caixa descontado versus modelo de Ohlson (RIV Empirical analysis of valuation models in the brazilian environment: discounted cash flow versus Ohlson's model

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernando Caio Galdi

    2008-08-01

    Full Text Available Dentro do contexto controverso de comparações entre modelos de valuation, o presente trabalho investiga, baseado nas projeções dos analistas de mercado de capitais para empresas brasileiras, se existem diferenças entre os valores de uma empresa estimados pelo modelo de fluxo de caixa descontado (DCF e pelo modelo de Ohlson (modelo de lucros residuais - RIV. Essa abordagem é inovadora à medida que trabalhos já realizados visando à comparação entre esses modelos consideram o valor da empresa calculado com base nas informações publicadas/divulgadas pela empresa e não com base na expectativa dos agentes de mercado (como por exemplo, o analista de mercado de capitais. Entretanto, a correta implementação dos modelos em análise deve ser realizada considerando-se as expectativas dos agentes de mercado. Adicionalmente, são realizadas regressões para verificar qual dos modelos (DCF ou OHLSON explica melhor a relação preço/valor patrimonial (P/B de uma empresa em períodos futuros. As conclusões obtidas foram: i existem diferenças estatisticamente significantes para o valor estimado das empresas pelo fluxo de caixa descontado e pelo modelo de Ohlson (RIV e ii os índices P/B, calculados a partir das estimativas dos analistas (que utilizam o DCF, apresentam maior poder explicativo dos índices P/B futuros da empresa do que as estimativas do índice P/B feitas pelo modelo de Ohlson (RIV.This paper uses equity analysts' forecasts for Brazilian firms to analyze whether there are significant differences between the results from the estimation of equity value when applying the discounted cash flow model (DCF and the residual income model (OHLSON. The approach used in this research is pioneer, considering that previous papers comparing valuation models in Brazil used researchers' assumptions, based on public information, to implement the valuation models. However, the correct implementation of these models relies on market expectations (i

  13. Blepharospasm in children and adolescents.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kinard, Krista; Miller, Neil R; Digre, Kathleen B; Katz, Bradley J; Crum, Alison V; Warner, Judith E A

    2016-02-01

    Benign essential blepharospasm (BEB) generally is considered a disorder of adults; however, it rarely can present in childhood or adolescence. The main purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of BEB in children and adolescents. Our research question was whether blepharospasm is seen in children or adolescents as well as in the adult population. We conducted a retrospective chart review at the University of Utah and Johns Hopkins University. We reviewed our databases for diagnoses of blepharospasm and tic disorder over the past 10 years in patients of all ages. Charts then were reviewed to confirm the diagnosis, and a questionnaire was sent to subjects whose blepharospasm had apparently begun before age 20 years. We identified 26 patients diagnosed with eyelid spasms that had begun while under the age of 20. We confirmed BEB in four of these cases. Of these individuals, all had developed symptoms in adolescence or before and all were still symptomatic but had noted improvement in the severity and frequency of their symptoms. Although rare, BEB can develop in the first decade of life, producing symptoms and signs that are similar to adults, with persistence into adulthood.

  14. Simultaneous Detection of Sulfamethoxazole, Diclofenac, Carbamazepine, and Bezafibrate by Solid Phase Extraction and High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detection

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhou, Z.; Jiang, J.-Q.

    2014-05-01

    A method of solid phase extraction (SPE) coupled with high performance liquid chromatography and diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) was studied for the simultaneous determination of sulfamethoxazole (SMX), diclofenac (DCF), carbamazepine (CBZ), and bezafi brate (BZF) in test solutions. The target compounds were extracted by SPE from samples, and the resulting elutes were analyzed using a HPLC-DAD system at wavelengths of 270, 280, 290, and 230 nm for SMX, DCF, CBZ, and BZF, respectively. This method shows good recoveries for SMX, DCF, CBZ, and BZF with mean recoveries of 89.7 ± 9.3%, 86.1 ± 7.6%, 95.0 ± 6.5%, and 94.0 ± 5.4%, respectively.

  15. A versatile infinite-state Markov reward model to study bottlenecks in 2-hop ad hoc networks

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Remke, Anne Katharina Ingrid; Haverkort, Boudewijn R.H.M.; Cloth, L.

    2006-01-01

    In a 2-hop IEEE 801.11-based wireless LAN, the distributed coordination function (DCF) tends to equally share the available capacity among the contending stations. Recently alternative capacity sharing strategies have been made possible. We propose a versatile infinite-state Markov reward model to

  16. Relationship between maternal periodontal disease and birth of preterm low weight babies Associação entre doença periodontal materna e nascimento de bebês prematuros e de baixo peso

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Renata Tolêdo Alves

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available It has been recently suggested that periodontal disease is an associated factor for prematurity and low birth weight. The aim of this work was to assess the periodontal status of puerperae and determine its possible relationship with preterm low birth weight (PLBW delivery. The sample included 59 women seen at two maternity hospitals in Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil. Nineteen mothers had premature and low birth weight babies (gestational age below 37 weeks and birth weight below 2,500 g - group I, and 40 had mature, normal weight babies (gestational age over 37 weeks and birth weight over 2,500 g - group II. The mothers' data were obtained from medical files, interview, and periodontal clinical examination carried out up to 48 hours after delivery. The Periodontal Screening and Recording (PSR was used for periodontal assessment. The association between periodontal disease and PLBW was expressed as odds ratio (OR. There was a higher rate of periodontal disease in group I (84.21% - 16/19 as compared with group II (37.5% - 15/40. The data also showed a significant association between periodontal disease and PLBW (OR = 8.9 - 95% CI: 2.22-35.65 - p = 0.001. It was concluded that maternal periodontal disease was an associated factor for prematurity and low birth weight in this sample.Estudos recentes sugerem que a doença periodontal é um fator associado para prematuridade e baixo peso ao nascimento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a condição periodontal de puérperas e determinar sua possível associação com nascimentos prematuros e de baixo peso (NPBP. A amostra incluiu 59 mães atendidas em duas maternidades de Juiz de Fora, MG. Dentre essas, 19 tiveram bebês prematuros e de baixo peso (idade gestacional menor que 37 semanas e peso ao nascimento menor que 2.500 g - grupo I e 40 tiveram bebês a termo e de peso normal (idade gestacional maior que 37 semanas e peso ao nascimento maior que 2.500 g - grupo II. Os dados das mães foram obtidos

  17. Nano size Aerosols of Radon Decay Products in Various Environments

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Vaupotic, J.

    2008-01-01

    The radioactive noble gas radon (222Rn, alpha decay, t 1/2 = 3.82 days) is always accompanied by its short-lived decay products (RnDP): 218Po (alpha decay, t 1/2 = 3.10 min), 214Pb (beta/gamma decay, t 1/2 = 26.8 min), 214Bi (beta/gamma decay, t 1/2 = 19.9 min), and 214Po (alpha decay, t 1/2 = 164 μs). In indoor and outdoor air, they appear as unattached RnDP in the form of clusters in the size range 0.5-3 nm and as attached RnDP between 200 and 800 nm. Because of plate-out of aerosols on the walls and floor of a room, as well as air movement and entry of fresh air, radioactive equilibrium between RnDP and Rn in indoor air is only partly achieved and is expressed as a fraction between 0 and 1, called the equilibrium factor, F. Birchall and James elaborated a dosimetric approach to calculate the dose conversion factor, DCF D , based on f un . In this paper, the results of our studies on fun in 29 rooms of kindergartens and 26 rooms of elementary and high schools, at the lowest point and the railway station in the Postojna Cave, and in 4 rooms in wineries in Slovenia are reported, and DCF D values based on the Porstendorfer formulae are discussed and compared with the DCF E value recommended by ICRP-65

  18. A Novel Prioritization Scheme to Improve QoS in IEEE 802.11e Networks

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Navid Tadayon

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available IEEE 802.11 WLAN utilizes a distributed function at its MAC layer, namely, DCF to access the wireless medium. Due to its distributed nature, DCF is able to guarantee working stability in a wireless medium while maintaining the assembling and maintenance cost in a low level. However, DCF is inefficient in dealing with real-time traffics due to its incapability on providing QoS. IEEE 802.11e was introduced as a supplementary standard to cope with this problem. This standard introduces an Enhanced Distributed Coordination Function (EDCF that works based on diff-Serve model and can serve multiple classes of traffics (by using different prioritizations schemes. With the emergence of new time-sensitive applications, EDCF has proved to be yet inefficient in dealing with these kinds of traffics because it could not provide network with well-differentiated QoS. In this study, we propose a novel prioritization scheme to improve QoS level in IEEE 802.11e network. In this scheme, we replace Uniform PDF with Gamma PDF, which has salient differentiating properties. We investigate the suitability and superiority of this scheme on furnishing network with well-differentiated QoS using probabilistic analysis. We strengthen our claims by extensive simulation runs.

  19. Implications and applications of systematic reviews for evidence-based dentistry and comparative effectiveness research: A sample study on antibiotics for oro-facial cellulitis treatment

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Quyen Bach

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Introduction: Comparative effectiveness and efficacy research for analysis and practice (CEERAP was performed to assess the effects of penicillin-based versus erythromycin-based antibiotic treatments in patients with skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs including cellulitis, impetigo, and erysipelas. Because SSTIs, especially orofacial cellulitis, are volatile infectious diseases of a life-threatening nature, research on the most efficacious remedies is necessary. Methods: The stringent bibliome yielded three systematic reviews, which were examined for quality of research synthesis protocol and clinical relevance. Results: The sample size of three, rendered the statistical analyses and cumulative meta-analysis problematic. Conclusion: The systematic review outlined here should aid in increasing clinical awareness, improving patient health literacy, and promoting consensus of the best evidence base (BEB to mitigate the threat of sepsis and potential death caused by cellulitis infections.

  20. BASES NEUROBIOLÓGICAS DEL APEGO: REVISIÓN TEMÁTICA

    OpenAIRE

    Barg Beltrame, Gabriel

    2011-01-01

    La teoría psicológica del apego, formulada originalmente por Bowlby en la década del 50, ha permitido profundizar el conocimiento del vínculo madre-bebé, identificar sus patologías y evaluar su influencia en las relaciones afectivas adultas. Actualmente, numerosos avances en el campo de las Neurociencias ofrecen la posibilidad de comprender la dimensión biológica del apego. En este artículo, se revisan tres modelos que explican aspectos de la misma: el modelo evolutivo del sistema afectivo de...

  1. Performance Analysis of Binary Exponential Backoff and Improved Backoff for WPAN

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    S. Mehta

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available The IEEE 802.15.3 medium access control (MAC is proposed, especially, for wireless personal area network (WPAN short and high data rates applications, to coordinate the access to the wireless medium among the competing devices. A concept of a geometrically increasing probability distribution for contention process was brought up in the work of Tay et al. (2004. In this paper, we adopt this idea as improved backoff (IB for contention process of IEEE 802.15.3, where binary exponential backoff (BEB is originally used. Here, we propose an analytical model for IB and compared both BEB and IB for saturated and nonsaturated traffic conditions. Furthermore, our research results demonstrate that IB provides an edge over BEB in terms of channel efficiency, channel access delay, and energy efficiency.

  2. Respostas fisiológicas da Posição Mãe-Canguru em bebês pré-termos, de baixo peso e ventilando espontaneamente

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miltersteiner Aline R

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: avaliar as respostas fisiológicas - freqüência cardíaca, saturação periférica de oxigênio, temperatura axilar e freqüência respiratória - em bebês pré-termos estáveis e em ventilação espontânea, submetidos à observação na incubadora e à Posição Mãe-Canguru. MÉTODOS: foram estudados 23 pré-termos estáveis hemodinamicamente, em ventilação espontânea, sem doença pulmonar diagnosticada, provenientes do Centro de Neonatologia do Hospital Conceição, Porto Alegre. Os pacientes foram distribuídos em Grupo I (incubadora e Grupo II (Posição Mãe-Canguru para um estudo de intervenção, de amostras pareadas, sendo cada paciente controle de si mesmo. Os dados foram registrados no primeiro minuto (T01, aos 30 (T30 e aos 60 minutos (T60. Utilizou-se o teste t de Student para comparação entre os grupos. RESULTADOS: os pacientes apresentaram uma média de idade gestacional de 34 semanas, média de peso pós-natal de 1780 g e mediana de 264 horas de vida. Observou-se um aumento estatisticamente significante na freqüência cardíaca em T30, na saturação de oxigênio em T30 e T60 e na temperatura axilar em T60, comparando o grupo da Posição Mãe-Canguru ao grupo controle. CONCLUSÕES: a Posição Mãe-Canguru promoveu aumento nos valores das respostas fisiológicas estudadas em pré-termos, quando instituída por uma hora, em comparação ao mesmo período na incubadora, sendo possível sua utilização durante atendimento fisioterapêutico.

  3. Diclofenac removal from water with ozone and activated carbon.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Beltrán, Fernando J; Pocostales, Pablo; Alvarez, Pedro; Oropesa, Ana

    2009-04-30

    Diclofenac (DCF) has been treated in water with ozone in the presence of various activated carbons. Activated carbon-free ozonation or single ozonation leads to a complete degradation of DCF in less than 15 min while in the presence of activated carbons higher degradation rates of TOC and DCF are noticeably achieved. Among the activated carbons used, P110 Hydraffin was found the most suitable for the catalytic ozonation of DCF. The influence of pH was also investigated. In the case of the single ozonation the increasing pH slightly increases the TOC removal rate. This effect, however, was not so clear in the presence of activated carbons where the influence of the adsorption process must be considered. Ecotoxicity experiments were performed, pointing out that single ozonation reduces the toxicity of the contaminated water but catalytic ozonation improved those results. As far as kinetics is concerned, DCF is removed with ozone in a fast kinetic regime and activated carbon merely acts as a simple adsorbent. However, for TOC removal the ozonation kinetic regime becomes slow. In the absence of the adsorbent, the apparent rate constant of the mineralization process was determined at different pH values. On the other hand, determination of the rate constant of the catalytic reaction over the activated carbon was not possible due to the effect of mass transfer resistances that controlled the process rate at the conditions investigated.

  4. Measurement of creatinine in human plasma using a functional porous polymer structure sensing motif

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nanda, Sitansu Sekhar; An, Seong Soo A; Yi, Dong Kee

    2015-01-01

    In this study, a new method for detecting creatinine was developed. This novel sensor comprised of two ionic liquids, poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (BMIM) chloride, in the presence of 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). PLGA and BMIM chloride formed a functional porous polymer structure (FPPS)-like structure. Creatinine within the FPPS rapidly hydrolyzed and released OH−, which in turn converted DCFH-DA to DCFH, developing an intense green color or green fluorescence. The conversion of DCFH to DCF+ resulted in swelling of FPPS and increased solubility. This DCF+-based sensor could detect creatinine levels with detection limit of 5 µM and also measure the creatinine in blood. This novel method could be used in diagnostic applications for monitoring individuals with renal dysfunction. PMID:26347475

  5. Changes of indoor aerosol characteristics and their associated variation on the dose conversion factor due to radon progeny inhalation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tokonami, Shinji; Ishikawa, Tetsuo; Yonehara, Hidenori; Yamada, Yuji; Matsuzawa, Takao; Iimoto, Takeshi

    2003-01-01

    Since the dose conversion factor (hereafter called DCF) due to radon progeny inhalation is strongly dominated by aerosol characteristics in the environment, it is important to understand the air quality for accurate dose assessment. Thus temporal variations on aerosol concentration, its particle size and its related airborne radioactivities were continuously measured in an actual indoor environment with a relatively high radon concentration. The following human activities were added during the observation period: air-conditioning, removal of aerosol with an air cleaner and ventilation. DCFs based on these activities were evaluated with the latest International Commission of Radiological Protection (ICRP) respiratory tract model and were compared among them. Consequently, the present study has shown that operation of air cleaner enhanced the DCF critically because the unattached fraction increased significantly due to removal of aerosols. (author)

  6. Transmission History Based Distributed Adaptive Contention Window Adjustment Algorithm Cooperating with Automatic Rate Fallback for Wireless LANs

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ogawa, Masakatsu; Hiraguri, Takefumi; Nishimori, Kentaro; Takaya, Kazuhiro; Murakawa, Kazuo

    This paper proposes and investigates a distributed adaptive contention window adjustment algorithm based on the transmission history for wireless LANs called the transmission-history-based distributed adaptive contention window adjustment (THAW) algorithm. The objective of this paper is to reduce the transmission delay and improve the channel throughput compared to conventional algorithms. The feature of THAW is that it adaptively adjusts the initial contention window (CWinit) size in the binary exponential backoff (BEB) algorithm used in the IEEE 802.11 standard according to the transmission history and the automatic rate fallback (ARF) algorithm, which is the most basic algorithm in automatic rate controls. This effect is to keep CWinit at a high value in a congested state. Simulation results show that the THAW algorithm outperforms the conventional algorithms in terms of the channel throughput and delay, even if the timer in the ARF is changed.

  7. Função materna e mito familiar: evidências a partir de um estudo de caso Maternal role and familiar myth: evidences from a case study

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andrea Gabriela Ferrari

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Discute-se a importância do mito familiar para a função materna. Este mito se refere ao lugar do bebê, revelado por meio do discurso dirigido ao personagem que ele encarna na fantasia fundamental dos pais e que está relacionado àquilo que o precede. Consideramos que este mito tem impacto fundamental na constituição subjetiva do futuro sujeito. Tais aspectos conceituais receberam apoio no estudo de caso de uma mãe, da gestação até os oito meses do bebê. A partir deste caso se percebe o efeito e a importância da montagem imaginativa materna desde antes do nascimento do bebê.This article discusses the importance of the family myth for the maternal role. This myth refers to the infant's place revealed through the discourse directed towards the character that the infant embodies in the parents' fundamental fantasy and it is related to that which precedes him. We consider that this myth has a fundamental impact on the subjective constitution of the future subject. Such conceptual aspects were supported by a case study involving a mother, from her pregnancy to the child's eighth month of life. Based on this case the effect and importance of maternal imaginative process from before the infant's birth are highlighted.

  8. Suporte informacional como elemento para orientação de pais de pré-termo: um guia para o serviço de acompanhamento do desenvolvimento no primeiro ano de vida Information support as an element for advising parents of preterm infants: a guide for development follow-up services during the first year of life

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    CMS Martinez

    2007-02-01

    Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: A literatura aponta o alto risco de distúrbios biológicos e psicossociais aos quais o bebê pré-termo está susceptível, necessitando de atenção diferenciada daquela dada ao bebê a termo. OBJETIVO: Elaborar um guia de orientação e acompanhamento do desenvolvimento no primeiro ano de vida para pais que freqüentam um serviço de acompanhamento do desenvolvimento de bebês. MÉTODO: Os critérios para inclusão dos participantes foram: ser pais de bebê pré-termo de zero a seis meses de idade corrigida que não apresentavam doença neurológica e não necessitaram de intervenção fisioterápica. O presente estudo, de caráter qualitativo, empregou, na etapa de coleta de dados, a observação direta e a entrevista, efetivadas com as mães e profissionais deste serviço de acompanhamento do desenvolvimento de bebês. A elaboração do Guia baseou-se nas análises das observações dos atendimentos no serviço, na freqüência das respostas das entrevistas com profissionais e mães sobre necessidades e dúvidas no manuseio e cuidado com o bebê e a associação com a literatura. RESULTADOS: Obteve-se um guia contendo informações sobre o desenvolvimento do bebê, distribuído nos quatro primeiros trimestres de vida, e o alerta sobre a importância de calcular a idade corrigida para o acompanhamento adequado dos marcos do desenvolvimento. CONCLUSÃO: A utilização deste guia pode ser feita por diferentes profissionais da saúde e por aqueles que desenvolvem atividades educativas para pais.INTRODUCTION: The literature shows that preterm infants are at high risk of biological and psychological disorders and consequently require a higher level of care than is provided for full-term infants. OBJECTIVE: To draw up a guide advising on development follow-up during the first year of life, for parents who attend a child development follow-up service. METHOD: The inclusion criteria were that participants should be parents of preterm

  9. Padrões de organização do sistema de comunicação mãe-bebê nas interações face a face: estudo de cinco díades Patterns of organization of the mother-infant communication in face-to-face interactions: the study of five dyads

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria da Conceição Diniz Pereira de Lyra

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available Apresentamos os que emergem do processo de desenvolvimento da comunicação mãe-bebê nas interações do tipo face a face. Este processo é concebido como compondo um sistema dinâmico em constante transformação e construção. Os padrões de organização descrevem as fases de maior estabilidade desse sistema, propostas pelo modelo EEA como constituindo três padrões que se sucedem: um estabelecimento inicial, seguido de um período de extensão e, finalmente, um período de abreviação das trocas comunicativas. Analisamos os dados longitudinais das trocas comunicativas do tipo face a face de cinco díades mãe-bebê, descrevendo o processo através do qual esses padrões se organizam. Identificamos uma tendência geral de manutenção da mesma sequência de aparecimento e dominância desses três padrões nas cinco díades, tal como proposto pelo modelo EEA. Todavia, cada díade difere na idade de aparecimento, de dominância e na duração de cada um dos padrões referidos.We present the patterns of organization that emerge from the developmental process of mother-infant communication in face-to-face exchanges. This process is conceived as creating a dynamic system in constant transformation and construction. The patterns of organization describe the periods of stability of this system, proposed by the EEA model as corresponding to three successive patterns, starting by an initial establishment, followed by a period of extension, and finally by an abbreviation of the dyadic exchanges. We analyzed the longitudinal mother-infant face-to-face exchanges from five dyads, describing the process of organization of these patterns. We identified a general tendency toward maintenance of the sequence of emergence and dominance of these three patterns in all five dyads, according to the proposals of the EEA model. However, each dyad differs in terms of age of appearance, dominance and duration of each of these patterns.

  10. Fiber fuse behavior in kW-level continuous-wave double-clad field laser

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sun Jun-Yi; Xiao Qi-Rong; Li Dan; Wang Xue-Jiao; Zhang Hai-Tao; Gong Ma-Li; Yan Ping

    2016-01-01

    In this study, original experimental data for fiber fuse in kW-level continuous-wave (CW) high power double-clad fiber (DCF) laser are reported. The propagating velocity of the fuse is 9.68 m/s in a 3.1-kW Yb-doped DCF laser. Three other cases in Yb-doped DCF are also observed. We think that the ignition of fiber fuse is caused by thermal mechanism, and the formation of bullet-shaped tracks is attributed to the optical discharge and temperature gradient. The inducements of initial fuse and formation of bullet-shaped voids are analyzed. This investigation of fiber fuse helps better understand the fiber fuse behavior, in order to avoid the catastrophic destruction caused by fiber fuse in high power fiber laser. (paper)

  11. Flotation of algae for water reuse and biomass production: role of zeta potential and surfactant to separate algal particles.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kwak, Dong-Heui; Kim, Mi-Sug

    2015-01-01

    The effect of chemical coagulation and biological auto-flocculation relative to zeta potential was examined to compare flotation and sedimentation separation processes for algae harvesting. Experiments revealed that microalgae separation is related to auto-flocculation of Anabaena spp. and requires chemical coagulation for the whole period of microalgae cultivation. In addition, microalgae separation characteristics which are associated with surfactants demonstrated optimal microalgae cultivation time and separation efficiency of dissolved CO2 flotation (DCF) as an alternative to dissolved air flotation (DAF). Microalgae were significantly separated in response to anionic surfactant rather than cationic surfactant as a function of bubble size and zeta potential. DAF and DCF both showed slightly efficient flotation; however, application of anionic surfactant was required when using DCF.

  12. O vampiro, um não morto ainda vivo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Max Kohn

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available O que um vampiro representa? Por que ocupa tal lugar na cultura? O vampiro é um invariante cultural com diferenças culturais. O vivente é um não morto (undead, e o não morto ainda está vivo. Do ponto de vista psicanalítico, qual é, então, essa relação com os dentes e com a mordida que contamina, que faz com que o outro se torne também um vampiro? O vampiro é um bebê que morde e tem um desejo ambivalente de imortalidade. O leite materno é vital como o é o sangue para o vampiro. A brincadeira de mordiscar, para o bebê winnicottiano, conta mais do que a mordida para o bebê kleiniano. O bebê kleiniano é mais próximo do vampiro do que o bebê winnicottiano.The Vampire, a live undead. What does a vampire represent? Why does he have such a place in the culture? It is a cultural invariant with cultural differences. The living is an undead and the undead is still living. From a psychoanalytical point of view, what is the connection to teeth and to bites that contaminate, and make the other become a vampire? The vampire is a baby that bites and who has an ambivalent desire of immortality. Maternal milk is as vital as blood for the vampire. The game of biting for the Winnicottian baby is more important than the bite for the Kleinian baby. The Kleinian baby is closer to the vampire than the winnicotian baby.

  13. PENGGUNAAN METODE DISCOUNTED CASH FLOW DAN UKURAN NON KEUANGAN DALAM PENGANGGARAN MODAL: PENDEKATAN KONTINJENSI

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ahmad Rosyid

    2012-10-01

    Full Text Available This study aims to (1 examine the degree of use between Discounted Cash Flow (DCF method and non financial measures in capital budgeting (2 examine managers’ satisfaction on both methods when there is a contingency fit between those methods with two contingency variables: product standardization and firm strategy. This research used purposive sampling method to collect data. The research population was manufacturing firms listed in BEI and major non listed firms located in Jawa Tengah and got 35 responses. Multiple regression and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA were used to test the hypothesis. Research results indicate that (1 DCF method is not more important than non financial measures. Managers tend to use both methods simultaneously (2 firm strategy affects to DCF method and non financial measures significantly which it means that firms with prospector strategy tend to place more emphasis on non financial measures while firms with defender strategy tend to place more emphasis on DCF method. (3 product standardization has no effect on both methods (4 firm strategy has a moderating effect on the relation between two capital budgeting methods and manager’s satisfaction on budgeting process while product standardization has no effect.

  14. Effect of elastic constants of liquid crystals in their electro-optical properties

    Science.gov (United States)

    Parang, Z.; Ghaffary, T.; Gharahbeigi, M. M.

    Recently following the success of the density functional theory (DFT) in obtaining the structure and thermodynamics of homogeneous and inhomogeneous classical systems such as simple fluids, dipolar fluid and binary hard spheres, this theory was also applied to obtain the density profile of a molecular fluid in between hard planar walls by Kalpaxis and Rickayzen. In the theory of molecular fluids, the direct correlation function (DCF) can be used to calculate the equation of state, free energy, phase transition, elastic constants, etc. It is well known that the hard core molecular models play an important role in understanding complex liquids such as liquid crystals. In this paper, a classical fluid of nonspherical molecules is studied. The required homogeneous (DCF) is obtained by solving Orenstein-Zernike (OZ) integral equation numerically. Some of the molecules in the liquid crystals have a sphere shape and this kind of molecular fluid is considered here. The DCF sphere of the molecular fluid is calculated and it will be shown that the results are in good agreement with the pervious works and the results of computer simulation. Finally the electro-optical properties of ellipsoid liquid crystal using DCF of these molecules are calculated.

  15. Degradation of diclofenac by ultrasonic irradiation: kinetic studies and degradation pathways.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nie, Er; Yang, Mo; Wang, Dong; Yang, Xiaoying; Luo, Xingzhang; Zheng, Zheng

    2014-10-01

    Diclofenac (DCF) is a widely used anti-inflammatory drug found in various water bodies, posing threats to human health. In this research, the effects of ultrasonic irradiation at 585kHz on the degradation of DCF were studied under the air, oxygen, argon, and nitrogen saturated conditions. First, the dechlorination efficiencies under the air, oxygen, argon, and nitrogen saturated conditions were calculated to be 67%, 60%, 53% and 59%. Second, there was full mineralization of nitrogen during DCF degradation under the air, oxygen, and argon saturated conditions, but no mineralization of nitrogen under the nitrogen-saturated condition. Different from nitrogen, only partial mineralization of carbon occurred under the four gas-saturated conditions. Third, OH scavengers were added to derive the rate constants in the three reaction zones: cavitation bubble, supercritical interface, and bulk solution. Comparison of the constants indicated that DCF degradation was not limited to the bulk solution as conventionally assumed. Oxidation in the supercritical interface played a dominant role under the air and oxygen saturated conditions, while OH reactions in the cavitation bubble and/or bulk solution were dominant under the nitrogen and argon saturated conditions. After the addition of H2O2, reactions in the cavitation bubble and bulk solution kept their dominant roles under the nitrogen and argon saturated conditions, while reaction in the supercritical interface decreased under the air and oxygen saturated conditions. Finally, LC-MS analysis was used to derive the by-products and propose the main pathways of DCF degradation by ultrasonic irradiation. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  16. Watch for pitfalls of discounted cash flow techniques.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chow, C W; McNamee, A H

    1991-04-01

    Discounted cash flow (DCF) techniques can enhance the effectiveness of a healthcare organization's capital budgeting decisions. But a financial manager unaware of common misapplications of DCF techniques may make capital decisions with a hidden bias against long-term projects, an inaccurate evaluation of options, or inappropriate estimations of expected inflation and risk. Social and psychological factors also can impede effective decisions on projects already introduced.

  17. Olhar e contato ocular: desenvolvimento típico e comparação na Síndrome de Down Gaze and eye contact: typical development and comparison in Down syndrome

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aline Elise Gerbelli Belini

    2008-03-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Investigar o desenvolvimento do olhar e do contato ocular em bebê portadora de síndrome de Down, comparando a freqüência de seu olhar para diferentes alvos ao comportamento visual de bebês em desenvolvimento típico. MÉTODOS: Um bebê, do gênero feminino, portador de Síndrome de Down, sem distúrbios visuais diagnosticados até a conclusão da coleta, e 17 bebês em desenvolvimento típico, foram filmados mensal e domiciliarmente, em interação livre com suas mães, do primeiro ao quinto mês de vida. Foi contabilizada a freqüência do olhar dirigido a 11 alvos, entre eles "olhar para os olhos da mãe". RESULTADOS: Os bebês em desenvolvimento típico apresentaram evolução estatisticamente significante, ao longo do período, nas freqüências de "olhos fechados" e de seu olhar para "objetos", "a pesquisadora", "o ambiente", "o próprio corpo", "o rosto da mãe" e "os olhos da mãe". Houve estabilidade estatística da amostra em "olhar para outra pessoa", "olhar para o corpo da mãe" e "abrir e fechar os olhos". O desenvolvimento do olhar e do contato ocular ocorreu de forma estatisticamente muito semelhante no bebê com síndrome de Down, em comparação com as médias dos demais bebês (teste qui-quadrado e com sua variabilidade individual (análise por aglomerados significativos. CONCLUSÕES: A interação precoce entre o bebê e sua mãe parece interferir mais na comunicação não-verbal da dupla do que limitações geneticamente influenciadas. Isto pode ter refletido nas semelhanças encontradas entre o desenvolvimento do comportamento e do contato visuais no bebê com síndrome de Down e nas crianças sem alterações de desenvolvimento.PURPOSE: To assess gaze and eye contact development of a baby girl with Down syndrome and to compare the frequency of gaze directed to different targets to that of babies with normal development. METHODS: A female baby with Down syndrome, without any detected eye conditions and 17

  18. Alta hospitalar e o cuidado do recém-nascido prematuro no domicílio: vivência materna Alta hospitalaria y el cuidado de los recién-nacidos prematuros en el hogar: experiencias de la madre Hospital and care of the premature newborn at home: maternal experiences

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mirna Albuquerque Frota

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available Objetivou-se conhecer a percepção da mãe sobre a alta hospitalar e o cuidado do recém-nascido prematuro no domicílio após a primeira semana de alta. Pesquisa descritiva, de abordagem qualitativa, com uso da entrevista semiestruturada para coleta de dados, desenvolvida no ambulatório de seguimento do prematuro (follow-up do Hospital da Rede Pública Estadual de Fortaleza, em outubro e novembro de 2011. As participantes foram nove mães de recém-nascido prematuro após primeira semana de alta. Aplicou-se análise do conteúdo. Os resultados apontaram para as categorias: Orientações sobre o cuidado com o prematuro durante a alta hospitalar; Sentimentos e dificuldades com a chegada do bebê no domicílio; e Apoio familiar no cuidado do prematuro. O estudo evidenciou que algumas mães não receberam orientações da equipe multiprofissional da neonatologia acerca do cuidado bebê após alta hospitalar, reforçando que elas levam o bebê para o domicílio sem estar preparadas para a nova realidade.Dirigido a aprender acerca de la percepción de la madre sobre el alta hospitalaria y el cuidado de los recién-nacidos prematuros en el hogar después de la primera semana de alta. Enfoque descriptivo, cualitativo, con entrevistas semiestructuradas para recopilar datos, desarrollado en el ambulatorio de seguimiento del prematuro (Follow Up del Hospital de la Red Pública del Estado de Fortaleza, en octubre y noviembre de 2011. Participaron nueve madres de bebés prematuros después de la primera semana de alta. Se aplicó el análisis de contenido para la observación de los datos. Los resultados apuntan para las siguientes categorías: Orientaciones para el cuidado con los bebés prematuros durante el alta; Sentimientos y dificultades con la llegada del bebé al hogar; Apoyo familiar en el cuidado de los bebés prematuros. El estudio demostró que algunas madres no recibieron instrucciones del equipo interdisciplinario de atención de neonatolog

  19. Ethylbenzene induces microsomal oxygen free radical generation: antibody-directed characterization of the responsible cytochrome P450 enzymes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Serron, S C; Dwivedi, N; Backes, W L

    2000-05-01

    Small aromatic hydrocarbons cause changes in oxidative metabolism by modulating the levels of cytochrome P450 enzymes, with the changes in these enzymes being responsible for qualitative changes in aromatic hydrocarbon metabolism. The goal of this study was to determine if exposure to the small alkylbenzene ethylbenzene (EB) leads to an increase in hepatic free radical production. Male F344 rats were treated with ip injections of EB (10 mmol/kg) and compared to corn oil controls. Hepatic free radical production was examined by measuring the conversion of 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) to its fluorescent product 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein (DCF). A significant elevation of fluorescent DCF production was observed after treatment with EB, despite the lack of effect on overall cytochrome P450 levels. This process was shown to be inhibitable by metyrapone, an inhibitor of P450. DCF production was also inhibited by catalase, suggesting that hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) is one of the reactive oxygen intermediates involved in EB-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. Interestingly, superoxide dismutase (SOD) did not inhibit DCF production in corn oil-treated rats but was an effective inhibitor in the EB-treated groups. In an effort to determine if the increase in ROS production was related to changes in specific P450 enzymes, DCF production was measured in the presence of anti-CYP2B, anti-CYP2C11, anti-CYP2E1, and anti-CYP3A2 inhibitory antibodies. Anti-CYP2B antibodies inhibited DCF production in EB-treated, but not corn oil groups, which is consistent with the low constitutive levels of this enzyme and its induction by EB. The data also demonstrate that CYP2B contributes to ROS production. Anti-CYP2C11 did not influence DCF production in either group. ROS formation in corn oil-treated rats as well as in ethylbenzene-treated rats was also inhibited with antibodies to anti-CYP2E1 and anti-CYP3A2. These results suggest that CYP2C11 does not appear to

  20. Radioprotective effect of exogenic hypoxia in fractionated irradiation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kazymbetov, P.; Yarmonenko, S.P.; Vajnson, A.A.

    1988-01-01

    During the experiments with mice it is established, that exogenic hypoxia protective effect (8%O 2 ), evaluated according to survival rate, decreases at the change from single to fractionated irradiation. Dose change factor (DCF) is equal to 1.55 and 1.22-1.31, respectively. Skin protection using exogenic hypoxia at the local fractionated irradiation is expressed more, than at the fractionated one. DCF is equal to 1.56 and 1.28, respectively. Exogenic hypoxia protection effect in the tumor is expressed rather weakly. DCF at single and fractionated irradiation constitutes 1.03 and 1.07-1.13, respectively. Due to skin preferential protection the therapeutic gain factor at irradiation under the exogenic hypoxia conditions constitutes 1.24 and 1.38-1.46, respectively, at single and fractionated irradiation

  1. A Monte Carlo Comparison between the Free Cash Flow and Discounted Cash Flow Approaches

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    M.M. Akalu; J.R. Turner (Rodney)

    2002-01-01

    textabstractOne of the debates in the capital budgeting model selection is between the free cash flow and DCF methods. In this paper an attempt is made to compare SVA against NPV model based on Monte Carlo simulations. Accordingly, NPV is found less sensitive to value driver variations and has got

  2. Discontinuous financing based on market values and the value of tax shields

    OpenAIRE

    Arnold, Sven; Lahmann, Alexander; Schwetzler, Bernhard

    2018-01-01

    The tax shield as present value of debt-related tax savings plays an important role in firm valuation. Driving the risk of future debt levels, the firm's strategy to adjust the absolute debt level to future changes of the firm value, labeled as (re-) financing policy, affects the value of tax shields. Standard discounted cash flow (DCF) models offer two simplified (re-) financing policies originally introduced by Modigliani and Miller (MM) as well as Miles and Ezzell (ME). In this paper, we i...

  3. Comparação do desenvolvimento motor de lactentes de mães adolescentes e adultas Motor development comparison between infants of adolescent and adult mothers

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Naiane Sartori

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Este estudo objetivou caracterizar o desempenho motor de bebês de 0 a 16 meses, comparando o de bebês nascidos de mães adolescentes ao de bebês de mães adultas. Participaram 80 bebês, sendo 40 de mães adolescentes e 40 de mães adultas. Os instrumentos avaliativos foram a escala motora infantil de Alberta AIMS (Alberta infant motor scale e questionário para identificar as características biológicas. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente. Os resultados da AIMS mostram pior desempenho motor dos bebês de mães adolescentes (p=0,002; p=0,001, além de suas inadequadas aquisições motoras nas posturas prono e em pé. Não foi encontrada associação significativa entre a maioria dos fatores biológicos analisados e o desenvolvimento motor dos bebês. Os resultados sugerem que a idade materna pode ser considerada fator de risco para atraso motor em crianças, porém ressalta-se a interação de diferentes fatores, aqui não controlados, influenciando as aquisições motoras de crianças, tais como as demandas da tarefa e as condições do ambiente.The purpose of the study was to compare motor development of infants aged 0 to 16 months born of teenage mothers to those of adult mothers. Eighty babies were assessed, 40 of which the children of teenage mothers, and 40 of adult mothers. Instruments used were the Alberta infant motor scale (AIMS and a questionnaire to collect biological information. Data were statistically analysed. Results show teenage mothers' infants to have delayed motor development as compared to adult mothers' ones (p=0.002; p=0.001, as well as their poor motor acquisitions in prone and standing positions. No association was found between infants' motor development and most of the biological factors analysed. Results hence suggest that early maternal age may be considered a risk factor to motor delay in infants, but attention should be paid to other factors such as task requirements and environmental conditions (here

  4. Relato da história da inserção e evolução do atendimento psicológico a bebês e suas famílias em uma Unidade de Neonatologia The history of the inception and evolution of psychological care for infants and their families in a Neonatal Unit

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Silvia V. Setúbal

    2009-09-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Este artigo apresenta o histórico de atuação de uma psicóloga na área de Neonatologia e sua evolução, desde as primeiras tentativas de mudar certas rotinas da unidade para que favorecessem a humanização do atendimento até a sua completa inserção na equipe multidisciplinar. São descritas em detalhes as atuações específicas junto aos bebês e suas famílias no contexto da internação hospitalar, com o intuito de auxiliar os profissionais de saúde que trabalham na área de implementação de programas afins. DESCRIÇÃO DO CASO: Relato da história de inserção e da evolução do trabalho de uma psicóloga na equipe de Neonatologia do Centro de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher (CAISM da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp, num período de dez anos (1993 a 2003. Descrevem-se as atividades específicas da Psicologia, o embasamento teórico dos programas desenvolvidos na unidade e os recursos técnicos utilizados no atendimento à clientela. COMENTÁRIOS: O saber específico do psicólogo pode ser estendido a toda a equipe, favorecendo ações de prevenção em Saúde Mental, principalmente a proteção da relação mãe-bebê. Além disso, pode ser disseminado, ganhar relevância e fazer parte do cotidiano de todas as unidades de terapia neonatais.OBJECTIVE: This article describes the evolution of a psychologist's work in a Neonatal Care Unit, from simple interventions that changed certain routines to foster humanization of care, to the complete integration of this professional into the multidisciplinary neonatal team. Detailed descriptions of the work's implementation in the hospital setting offer health professionals of the field a model for similar programs. CASE DESCRIPTION: The history of the inception and evolution of a psychologist's work at the Neonatal Care Unit of Universidade Estadual de Campinas in a ten-year period (1993 to 2003 was described. Specific activities developed within this period have

  5. Monoclonal antibody against Porphyromonas (Bacteroides) endodontalis lipopolysaccharide and application of the antibody for direct identification of the species.

    OpenAIRE

    Hanazawa, S; Sagiya, T; Kitami, H; Ohta, K; Nishikawa, H; Kitano, S

    1991-01-01

    The aim of the present study was to develop a monoclonal antibody that recognizes the shared antigen of Porphyromonas endodontalis so that we could use the antibody in direct identification and detection of P. endodontalis in infectious material from apical periodontal patients. We established a hybridoma cell line producing monoclonal antibody (BEB5) specific for P. endodontalis. BEB5 antibody reacted with all of the P. endodontalis strains tested, but not with any of the other black-pigment...

  6. PAM4 based symmetrical 112-Gbps long-reach TWDM-PON

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wu, Liyu; Gao, Fan; Zhang, Minming; Fu, Songnian; Deng, Lei; Choi, Michael; Chang, Donald; Lei, Gordon K. P.; Liu, Deming

    2018-02-01

    We experimentally demonstrate cost effective symmetrical 112-Gbps long-reach passive optical network (LR-PON) over 70-km standard signal mode fiber (SSMF), based on pulse amplitude modulation (PAM)-4. Four 10G-class directly modulated lasers (DMLs) at C-band are used for achieving 4 × 28-Gbps downstream transmission, while two 18G-class DMLs at O-band are used to realize 2 × 56-Gbps upstream transmission, without any optical amplification in optical distributed network (ODN). Both dispersion compensation fiber (DCF) for downstream signal and praseodymium-doped fiber amplifier (PDFA) for upstream signal are equipped at optical line terminal (OLT). Meanwhile, sparse Volterra filter (SVF) equalizer is proposed to mitigate the transmission impairments with substantial reduction of computation complexity. Finally, we can successfully provide a loss budget of 33 dB per downstream wavelength channel, indicating of 64 optical network units (ONUs) with more than 1.25 Gbps per ONU.

  7. Selective scavenging of intra-mitochondrial superoxide corrects diclofenac-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and gastric injury: A novel gastroprotective mechanism independent of gastric acid suppression.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mazumder, Somnath; De, Rudranil; Sarkar, Souvik; Siddiqui, Asim Azhar; Saha, Shubhra Jyoti; Banerjee, Chinmoy; Iqbal, Mohd Shameel; Nag, Shiladitya; Debsharma, Subhashis; Bandyopadhyay, Uday

    2016-12-01

    Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used to treat multiple inflammatory diseases and pain but severe gastric mucosal damage is the worst outcome of NSAID-therapy. Here we report that mitoTEMPO, a mitochondrially targeted superoxide (O 2 - ) scavenger protected as well as healed gastric injury induced by diclofenac (DCF), the most commonly used NSAID. Common existing therapy against gastric injury involves suppression of gastric acid secretion by proton pump inhibitors and histamine H 2 receptor antagonists; however, dyspepsia, vitamin B12 deficiency and gastric microfloral dysbalance are the major drawbacks of acid suppression. Interestingly, mitoTEMPO did not inhibit gastric acid secretion but offered gastroprotection by preventing DCF-induced generation of O 2 - due to mitochondrial respiratory chain failure and by preventing mitochondrial oxidative stress (MOS)-mediated mitopathology. MitoTEMPO even restored DCF-stimulated reduced fatty acid oxidation, mitochondrial depolarization and bioenergetic crisis in gastric mucosa. MitoTEMPO also prevented the activation of mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis and MOS-mediated proinflammatory signaling through NF-κB by DCF. Furthermore, mitoTEMPO when administered in rats with preformed gastric lesions expedited the healing of gastric injury and the healed stomach exhibited its normal physiology as evident from gastric acid and pepsin secretions under basal or stimulated conditions. Thus, in contrast to the existing antiulcer drugs, mitochondrially targeted O 2 - scavengers like mitoTEMPO may represent a novel class of gastroprotective molecules that does not affect gastric acid secretion and may be used in combination with DCF, keeping its anti-inflammatory action intact, while reducing its gastrodamaging effects. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  8. Ecotoxicological impacts of clofibric acid and diclofenac in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings: hematological, biochemical, ionoregulatory and enzymological responses.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Saravanan, Manoharan; Karthika, Subramanian; Malarvizhi, Annamalai; Ramesh, Mathan

    2011-11-15

    Investigation on the toxic effects of pharmaceutical drugs namely clofibric acid (CA) and diclofenac (DCF) were studied in a common carp Cyprinus carpio at different concentrations such as 1, 10 and 100 μg L(-1) for a short-term period of 96 h under static bioassay method. At all concentrations, red blood cell (RBC), plasma sodium (Na(+)), potassium (K(+)), and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) levels were decreased in fish treated with CA and DCF. Contrastingly, white blood cell (WBC), plasma glucose, protein, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and gill Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase level were increased. However, a mixed trend was observed in hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), plasma chloride (Cl(-)), mean cellular volume (MCV), mean cellular hemoglobin (MCH), mean cellular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) levels. There was a significant (P<0.01 and P<0.05) change in all parameters measured in fish exposed to different concentrations of CA and DCF. In summary, the alterations in hematological, biochemical, ionoregulatory and enzymological parameters can be used as biomarkers in monitoring the toxicity of CA and DCF in aquatic environment. However, more detailed studies on using of specific biomarkers to monitor the human pharmaceuticals are needed. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  9. Use of economics methods in the field of radioactive wastes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lepine, Jacques.

    1981-01-01

    The broad principles of the discounted cash flow system which consists in introducing the time factor into the economic calculations are presented. The discounted cash flow (DCF) rate of return corresponds to the global balance between the offer of and demand for capital or between savings and investments. Examples of applications are given: DCF average cost of the nuclear kWh, the cubic metre of stored waste and the cubic metre saved by a reduction on volume. Optimisation is considered: that is to say the total DCF cost minimum of the processing, transport and storage of waste line. The method is limited by other criteria: safety, protection against radiations, political aspects. Nevertheless, it is useful to know their economic impact to avoid reaching prohibitive costs and to ensure that the decisions to come are consistent with those taken in the past [fr

  10. A web-based positive psychology intervention to promote well-being in pregnant women

    OpenAIRE

    Corno, Giulia

    2017-01-01

    Introducción El embarazo es una época de cambios, un periodo de la vida que representa el inicio de un nuevo rol para las mujeres de todas las edades. Existe un amplio consenso sobre el papel del estado psicológico materno en la influencia que ejerce sobre el desarrollo del feto, el curso del embarazo y la salud física y psicológica, tanto de la madre como del bebé. La naturaleza, incidencia y las consecuencias perjudiciales del bajo bienestar psicológico materno durante el embarazo h...

  11. Effect of ingredients on rheological, nutritional and quality characteristics of fibre and protein enriched baked energy bars.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rawat, Neelam; Darappa, Indrani

    2015-05-01

    Effect of substitution of brown flour (BF) with fiber rich ingredient mixture, FRIM (banana flour, psyllium husk, partially defatted coconut flour and oats) and protein rich ingredient mixture, PRIM (chickpea flour, sesame, soya protein isolate and whey protein concentrate) at the levels of 25, 50 and 75 % on the rheological, nutritional and quality characteristics of baked energy bars (BEB) were studied. Use of increasing amount of FRIM increased farinograph water absorption and amylograph peak viscosity while PRIM decreased the aforementioned parameters. Addition of FRIM or PRIM increased the bar dough hardness and decreased cohesiveness and springiness. The overall quality score of BEB increased only up to the substitution of 50 % of BF with FRIM or PRIM. The BEB with 50 % FRIM and PRIM remained chemically stable during storage up to 3 months and showed 9 times increase in dietary fiber content and about 2 times increase in protein content respectively.

  12. CONCEPTOS MODERNOS SOBRE PSIQUIATRÍA, PSICOANÁLISIS Y SALUD MENTAL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Guillermo Sánchez Medina

    2015-02-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este artículo es hacer una sucinta síntesis del estado conceptual de la psiquiatría y el psicoanálisis y la salud mental en el Siglo XXI. Actualmente se continúan las investigaciones neuropsíquicas valiéndose de conocimientos físico-químico-cuánticos que operan en forma compleja en los sistemas de red neuronales con los bits cuánticos. Los modelos psicoanalíticos siguen vigentes y algunos son factibles de ser explicados por medio de la física ondulatoria, no sin descartar los procesos de transferencia contratransferencia y las primeras relaciones vinculares madre-bebé que son las bases para la salud mental. Palabras clave: Investigaciones neuropsíquicas, red neuronal, modelos psicoanalíticos, sistemas psíquicos, procesos psíquicos, posiciones psíquicas, nanorobótica, transferencia- contratransferencia, relaciones madre bebé, programas mentales.

  13. O envolvimento do enfermeiro no processo de morrer de bebês internados em Unidade Neonatal El involucramiento del enfermero en el proceso de morir de niños hospitalizados en una unidad de neonatología Nurses experiences with death in the neonatal intensive care unit

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Isabella Rocha Aguiar

    2006-06-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: compreender a participação do enfermeiro no processo de morrer de bebês internados em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal. MÉTODOS: Pesquisa Qualitativa em que participaram 10 enfermeiras de uma unidade de terapia intensiva neonatológica de um hospital-escola da cidade de Fortaleza-CE, durante os meses de maio e junho de 2003. RESULTADOS: os resultados foram analisados conforme as categorias: Sentimentos que emergem na convivência com a morte; Convivendo com a família no processo de morrer; A influência da formação acadêmica para a convivência com o paciente terminal. Os sentimentos citados foram de perda, tristeza, angústia, impotência, frieza. Os profissionais se vêem envolvidos com a família que vivencia o luto. A maioria das enfermeiras não teve embasamento acerca de Tanatologia no Curso de Graduação. CONCLUSÃO: os profissionais que lidam com a morte em sua prática convivem com a busca do equilíbrio entre o cuidar do outro e de si mesmo.OBJETIVO: comprender la participación del enfermero en el proceso de morir de bebés internados en una unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatal. MÉTODOS: Pesquisa Qualitativa en que participaron en el estudio 10 enfermeras de la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatal de un hospital-docente de la ciudad de Fortaleza-CE, durante los meses de mayo a junio del 2003. RESULTADOS: los datos fueron analizados resultando las siguientes categorías: Sentimientos que emergen en la convivencia con la muerte; Conviviendo con la familia en el proceso de morir; La influencia de la formación académica para la convivencia con el paciente terminal. Los sentimientos citados fueron de pérdida, tristeza, angustia, impotencia, frialdad. Los profesionales se ven involucrados con la familia que vivencia el duelo. La mayoría de las enfermeras no tuvo base respecto a Tanatología en el Pregrado. CONCLUSIÓN: los profesionales que se enfrentan con la muerte, en su práctica, conviven con la b

  14. A Monte Carlo Comparison between the Free Cash Flow and Discounted Cash Flow Approaches

    OpenAIRE

    Mehari Mekonnen Akalu; Rodney Turner

    2002-01-01

    textabstractOne of the debates in the capital budgeting model selection is between the free cash flow and DCF methods. In this paper an attempt is made to compare SVA against NPV model based on Monte Carlo simulations. Accordingly, NPV is found less sensitive to value driver variations and has got higher forecast errors as compared to SVA model.

  15. Modelos de Valoración de Empresas Un análisis crítico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Armendáriz-Lasso, Enrique

    2012-07-01

    Full Text Available This paper will present evidence of the major trends in business valuation by the DCF (Discounted Cash Flow method and summarize the effects on the FCF (Free Cash Flow. It considers the "working papers" of Professor Pablo Fernández PhD of IESE Business School, Dr. Guillermo Lopez Dumrauf and Dr. Marcelo A. Delfino. The valuation of an asset, project or an entire company can be done following different approaches, one of which is the method of discounted cash flow (DCF. This paper highlights the differences between the estimates of cash flow streams most used in Business Valuation, valuing, free cash flow (FCF, capital cash flow (CCF and equity cash flow (ECF. By discounting and using the appropriate rate for each method of assessment, this work argues that the DCF method is the most appropriate as it shows a greater simplicity in calculations.

  16. Framework and Method for Controlling a Robotic System Using a Distributed Computer Network

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sanders, Adam M. (Inventor); Barajas, Leandro G. (Inventor); Permenter, Frank Noble (Inventor); Strawser, Philip A. (Inventor)

    2015-01-01

    A robotic system for performing an autonomous task includes a humanoid robot having a plurality of compliant robotic joints, actuators, and other integrated system devices that are controllable in response to control data from various control points, and having sensors for measuring feedback data at the control points. The system includes a multi-level distributed control framework (DCF) for controlling the integrated system components over multiple high-speed communication networks. The DCF has a plurality of first controllers each embedded in a respective one of the integrated system components, e.g., the robotic joints, a second controller coordinating the components via the first controllers, and a third controller for transmitting a signal commanding performance of the autonomous task to the second controller. The DCF virtually centralizes all of the control data and the feedback data in a single location to facilitate control of the robot across the multiple communication networks.

  17. Association of terpinolene and diclofenac presents antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory synergistic effects in a model of chronic inflammation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Macedo, E M A; Santos, W C; Sousa, B P; Lopes, E M; Piauilino, C A; Cunha, F V M; Sousa, D P; Oliveira, F A; Almeida, F R C

    2016-06-20

    Pharmacological treatment of inflammatory pain is usually done by administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). These drugs present high efficacy, although side effects are common, especially gastrointestinal lesions. One of the pharmacological strategies to minimize such effects is the combination of drugs and natural products with synergistic analgesic effect. The monoterpene terpinolene (TPL) is a chemical constituent of essential oils present in many plant species, which have pharmacological activities, such as analgesic and anti-inflammatory. The association of ineffective doses of TPL and diclofenac (DCF) (3.125 and 1.25 mg/kg po, respectively) presented antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects in the acute (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 h, after treatment) and chronic (10 days) inflammatory hyperalgesia induced by Freund's complete adjuvant (CFA) in the right hind paw of female Wistar rats (170-230 g, n=6-8). The mechanical hyperalgesia was assessed by the Randall Selitto paw pressure test, which determines the paw withdrawal thresholds. The development of edema was quantified by measuring the volume of the hind paw by plethismography. The TPL/DCF association reduced neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes in the histological analysis of the paw, following a standard staining protocol with hematoxylin and eosin and the counts were performed with the aid of optical microscopy after chronic oral administration of these drugs. Moreover, the TPL/DCF association did not induce macroscopic gastric lesions. A possible mechanism of action of the analgesic effect is the involvement of 5-HT2A serotonin receptors, because ketanserin completely reversed the antinociceptive effect of the TPL/DCF association. These results suggest that the TPL/DCF association had a synergistic anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect without causing apparent gastric injury, and that the serotonergic system may be involved in the antinociceptive effect of this association.

  18. Association of terpinolene and diclofenac presents antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory synergistic effects in a model of chronic inflammation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    E.M.A. Macedo

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Pharmacological treatment of inflammatory pain is usually done by administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs. These drugs present high efficacy, although side effects are common, especially gastrointestinal lesions. One of the pharmacological strategies to minimize such effects is the combination of drugs and natural products with synergistic analgesic effect. The monoterpene terpinolene (TPL is a chemical constituent of essential oils present in many plant species, which have pharmacological activities, such as analgesic and anti-inflammatory. The association of ineffective doses of TPL and diclofenac (DCF (3.125 and 1.25 mg/kg po, respectively presented antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects in the acute (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 h, after treatment and chronic (10 days inflammatory hyperalgesia induced by Freund's complete adjuvant (CFA in the right hind paw of female Wistar rats (170-230 g, n=6-8. The mechanical hyperalgesia was assessed by the Randall Selitto paw pressure test, which determines the paw withdrawal thresholds. The development of edema was quantified by measuring the volume of the hind paw by plethismography. The TPL/DCF association reduced neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes in the histological analysis of the paw, following a standard staining protocol with hematoxylin and eosin and the counts were performed with the aid of optical microscopy after chronic oral administration of these drugs. Moreover, the TPL/DCF association did not induce macroscopic gastric lesions. A possible mechanism of action of the analgesic effect is the involvement of 5-HT2A serotonin receptors, because ketanserin completely reversed the antinociceptive effect of the TPL/DCF association. These results suggest that the TPL/DCF association had a synergistic anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect without causing apparent gastric injury, and that the serotonergic system may be involved in the antinociceptive effect of this

  19. Arsenic speciation in the dispersible colloidal fraction of soils from a mine-impacted creek

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Serrano, Susana; Gomez-Gonzalez, Miguel Angel; O’Day, Peggy A.; Laborda, Francisco; Bolea, Eduardo; Garrido, Fernando

    2015-01-01

    Highlights: • Nanoparticle scorodite may dissolve from mine wastes and release As down-gradient. • Large fractions of total As in soils may be associated with dispersible colloids. • Up to one third of total As in soils was associated with the colloid fraction. • AsFlFFF-ICP-MS and XAS provides information on the partitioning of contaminants in colloids. - Abstract: Arsenic and iron speciation in the dispersible colloid fraction (DCF; 10–1000 nm) from an As-rich mine waste pile, sediments of a streambed that collects runoff from waste pile, the streambed subsoil, and the sediments of a downstream pond were investigated by combining asymmetrical-flow field-flow fractionation (AsFlFFF)/inductively-coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray absorption (XAS) spectroscopy. Calcium, Fe and As (Fe/As molar ratio ∼ 1) were the main components of the DCF from waste pile. TEM/EDS and As and Fe XAS analysis revealed the presence of nanoparticle scorodite in this same DCF, as well as Fe nanoparticles in all samples downstream of the waste pile. Arsenic and Fe XAS showed As(V) adsorbed onto nanoparticulate ferrihydrite in the DCF of downstream samples. Micro-X-ray fluorescence indicated a strong correlation between Fe and As in phyllosilicate/Fe 3+ (oxi) hydroxide aggregates from the sediment pond. Fractionation analysis showed the mean particle size of the DCF from the streambed sample to be smaller than that of the streambed subsoil and sediment ponds samples. These results show that an important and variable fraction of As may be bound to dispersible colloids that can be released from contaminated soils and transported downstream in natural systems

  20. Arsenic speciation in the dispersible colloidal fraction of soils from a mine-impacted creek

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Serrano, Susana [Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, CSIC, Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia (Spain); Gomez-Gonzalez, Miguel Angel [National Museum of Natural Sciences, CSIC, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid (Spain); O’Day, Peggy A. [School of Natural Sciences,University of California, Merced, CA 95343 (United States); Laborda, Francisco; Bolea, Eduardo [Group of Analytical Spectroscopy and Sensors (GEAS), Institute of Environmental Sciences (IUCA), University of Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza (Spain); Garrido, Fernando, E-mail: fernando.garrido@mncn.csic.es [National Museum of Natural Sciences, CSIC, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid (Spain)

    2015-04-09

    Highlights: • Nanoparticle scorodite may dissolve from mine wastes and release As down-gradient. • Large fractions of total As in soils may be associated with dispersible colloids. • Up to one third of total As in soils was associated with the colloid fraction. • AsFlFFF-ICP-MS and XAS provides information on the partitioning of contaminants in colloids. - Abstract: Arsenic and iron speciation in the dispersible colloid fraction (DCF; 10–1000 nm) from an As-rich mine waste pile, sediments of a streambed that collects runoff from waste pile, the streambed subsoil, and the sediments of a downstream pond were investigated by combining asymmetrical-flow field-flow fractionation (AsFlFFF)/inductively-coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray absorption (XAS) spectroscopy. Calcium, Fe and As (Fe/As molar ratio ∼ 1) were the main components of the DCF from waste pile. TEM/EDS and As and Fe XAS analysis revealed the presence of nanoparticle scorodite in this same DCF, as well as Fe nanoparticles in all samples downstream of the waste pile. Arsenic and Fe XAS showed As(V) adsorbed onto nanoparticulate ferrihydrite in the DCF of downstream samples. Micro-X-ray fluorescence indicated a strong correlation between Fe and As in phyllosilicate/Fe{sup 3+} (oxi) hydroxide aggregates from the sediment pond. Fractionation analysis showed the mean particle size of the DCF from the streambed sample to be smaller than that of the streambed subsoil and sediment ponds samples. These results show that an important and variable fraction of As may be bound to dispersible colloids that can be released from contaminated soils and transported downstream in natural systems.

  1. Tourism Communication in Community Based Tourism in Dieng Community, Central Java, Indonesia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Manik Sunuantari

    2017-08-01

    Full Text Available To encourage a community’s role in the field of tourism, the local government of Central Java, Indonesia promotes a Community Based Tourism (CBT as a tourism development for the sustainable economy. It involves the community in decision-making processes, especially related to the acquisition of income, employment, and the preservation of the environment, and culture of the indigenous people. This research aimed to determine communication activities in the implementation of CBT. The theory used was tourism communication using Attention, Interest, Desire, Action (AIDA model. Then, the method was a case study by choosing Dieng as a tourist destination, and the tourism communication activities were undertaken in Dieng’s society, especially in the activities of Dieng Culture Festival (DCF. The results show that the tourism communication activities involving the community, POKDARWIS (Kelompok Sadar Wisata - Tourism Awareness Group, tourism advocates, and local governments should pay attention to the cultural and natural tourism potentials, and empower the local communities.

  2. New Genotypes of Enterocytozoon bieneusi Isolated from Sika Deer and Red Deer in China

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jianying Huang

    2017-05-01

    Full Text Available To examine the occurrence and genotype distribution of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in cervids, 615 fecal samples were collected from red deer (Cervus elaphus and sika deer (Cervus nippon on 10 different farms in Henan and Jilin Province. Enterocytozoon bieneusi was identified and genotyped with a nested PCR analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS region of the rRNA genes, showing an average infection rate of 35.9% (221/615. In this study, 25 ITS genotypes were identified including seven known genotypes (BEB6, EbpC, EbpA, D, HLJDI, HLJD-IV, and COS-I and 18 novel genotypes (designated JLD-I to JLD-XIV, HND-I to HND-IV. Among these, BEB6 (131/221, 59.3% was the predominant genotype (P < 0.01, followed by HLJDI (18/221, 8.1% and JLD-VIII (16/221, 7.2%. BEB6 has recently been detected in humans and nonhuman primates in China. The phylogenetic analysis showed that BEB6, HLJDI, HLJD-IV, COS-I, and 10 novel genotypes (JLD-VII to JLD-XIV, HND-III to HND-IV clustered in group 2. Genotype D, EbpC, and EbpA, known to cause human microsporidiosis worldwide, clustered in group 1, the members of which have zoonotic potential, together with eight novel genotypes (JLD-I to JLD-VI, HND-I to HND-II. Therefore, deer may play a role in the transmission of E. bieneusi to humans.

  3. Presentación del libro "Lenguaje, llanto y comunicación del niño"

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alberto Hernández Saenz

    2003-06-01

    La madre dando a luz, espera con ansia el lloro de su bebé, que así le expresa "Ya nací y estoy vivo mamita". Además, el llanto es el lenguaje universal del bebé, lo mismo llora el niño chino que el japonés, el filipino, el francés, el iraní, el colombiano. Este postulado es cierto hasta el momento en que inicia el niño su lenguaje articulado o sea la lengua materna, alrededor de los 2 años...

  4. Valoración de proyectos mineros en el Perú mediante el enfoque de opciones reales

    OpenAIRE

    Agüero Olivos, Carlos Eduardo

    2015-01-01

    The evaluation of an investment project in the mining sector in Peru, is made the traditional way, using the method of Discounted Cash Flow (DCF), with the consequence obtain estimates of valuation not necessarily close to reality. The DCF does not take into account various opportunities that might occur in the project over time, by the following simple reason: it assumes that all estimates today, certain assumptions occur in the future. The real options method is more flexible valuation m...

  5. PERFORMANCE STUDY OF DISTRIBUTED COORDINATION FUNCTION OVER IEEE 802.11A PHYSICAL LAYER

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    S. SELVAKENEDDY

    2006-06-01

    Full Text Available IEEE 802.11a is one of the latest standards to be released by the IEEE Project 802 for wireless LANs. It has specified an additional physical layer (PHY to support higher data rates, and is termed as the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM. In order to exploit its benefits, one of the medium access control (MAC protocols specified in the IEEE 802.11 specification is called distributed coordination function (DCF. DCF is a carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA scheme with slotted binary exponential backoff. The frames can be transmitted using the basic access scheme or the RTS/CTS scheme in DCF. It was demonstrated previously that the RTS/CTS mechanism works well in most scenarios for the previously specified PHYs. In this work, a simple simulator is developed to verify the scalability of the RTS/CTS mechanism over OFDM PHY, which supports much higher data rates.

  6. Value assessment for reservoir recovery optimization

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Saito, R.; De Castro, G.N.; Mezzomo, C.; Schiozer, D.J.

    2001-01-01

    This paper analyzes the managerial flexibility embedded in oil and gas exploration and production. The analysis includes the economic impact of using different production techniques on the valuation of oil reserves. Two methodologies are used to evaluate the simulation of engineering techniques: (1) the real option approach; and (2) the discounted cash flow (DCF) method. Given the external variables (e.g., oil price, interest rate), this paper evaluates the best engineering technique for oil recovery by using a valuation approach. We conclude that by appropriately combining different production techniques, the value of oil reserves can increase under the real option approach and can be higher than the value assessed under the DCF method. Since oil recovery includes many managerial choices, we argue that the real option approach is more appropriate than the DCF method. The paper concludes that concession time and dividend yield are the most sensitive parameters for the valuation of oil reserves

  7. Value assessment for reservoir recovery optimization

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Saito, R.; De Castro, G.N. [EAESP/FGV, Av. Nove de Julho, 2029-10 andar, 01313-902, SP Sao Paulo (Brazil); Mezzomo, C.; Schiozer, D.J. [Fundacao Getulio Vargas, Avenida Nove de Julho, 2029, 10th floor, 01313-902, SP Sao Paulo (Brazil)

    2001-12-29

    This paper analyzes the managerial flexibility embedded in oil and gas exploration and production. The analysis includes the economic impact of using different production techniques on the valuation of oil reserves. Two methodologies are used to evaluate the simulation of engineering techniques: (1) the real option approach; and (2) the discounted cash flow (DCF) method. Given the external variables (e.g., oil price, interest rate), this paper evaluates the best engineering technique for oil recovery by using a valuation approach. We conclude that by appropriately combining different production techniques, the value of oil reserves can increase under the real option approach and can be higher than the value assessed under the DCF method. Since oil recovery includes many managerial choices, we argue that the real option approach is more appropriate than the DCF method. The paper concludes that concession time and dividend yield are the most sensitive parameters for the valuation of oil reserves.

  8. Evaluasi Kinerja IEEE 802.11e HCCA untuk Dukungan QoS pada WLAN Menggunakan NS-2

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Amry Daulat Gultom

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN digunakan oleh trafik multimedia yang seharusnya memerlukan persyaratan jaringan yang lebih baik terhadap delay, jitter dan packet losses. IEEE 802.11 Task Group E memperkenalkan perbaikan protokol MAC 802.11, yaitu Hybrid Coordination Function (HCF, yang terdiri dari dua mekanisme akses: Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA dan HCF Controlled Channel Access (HCCA yang memberikan dukungan Kualitas Layanan/Quality of Service (QoS bagi trafik multimedia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memahami algoritma protokol MAC IEEE 802.11e HCCA pada jaringan WLAN, dan menganalisis kinerja protokol MAC 802.11e HCCA pada aplikasi multimedia dengan menggunakan metode simulasi pada NS-2. Metrik kinerja yang diukur adalah jitter dan throughput-nya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa protokol MAC HCCA dapat memberikan jaminan QoS dibanding protokol MAC DCF, dimana jitter HCCA lebih stabil dari pada jitter DCF. Begitupula dengan throughput HCCA yang tidak berubah selama trafik berlangsung, tidak seperti pada DCF yang masih mengalami fluktuasi yang besar.

  9. À procura de um encontro perdido: o papel da "preocupação médico-primária" em UTI neonatal

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Denise Streit Morsch

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho tem por objetivo discutir o conceito de "preocupação médico-primária" (Agman et. al. demonstrando sua função facilitadora das relações iniciais entre a mãe e o bebê internado. Parte do pressuposto de que este foco por parte da mãe sobre os parâmetros clínicos do recém-nascido é um rito de passagem que conduz à instalação da "preocupação materno-primária" (Winnicott. Para as autoras trata-se de um recurso estratégico que permite aos membros da díade mãe-bebê auxiliados por parceiros como o pai, os avós, o próprio bebê e a equipe de cuidados intensivos contornar as vicissitudes próprias a quem tem que se constituir como sujeito em meio a um ambiente potencialmente traumático como o de uma UTI neonatal.

  10. Los cuerpos ficticios de la biomedicina. El proceso de construcción del género en los protocolos médicos de asignación de sexo en bebés intersexuales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nuria Gregori Flor

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available El nacimiento de un bebé del cual no se puede decir si es niña o niño con una simple inspección visual, supone la activación de una serie de resortes médicos y tecnológicos dirigidos a desvelar qué se oculta detrás de tal indefinición genital. Todos los esfuerzos dedicados a elaborar categorías, definiciones, criterios y protocolos para diagnosticar tal ambigüedad, así como el auge en investigación y desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías biomédicas para corregirla, revelan la inquietud que provoca dentro de nuestro orden sociocultural la ambigüedad y lo inclasificable en relación al sexo, al género y a la sexualidad. Los mandatos de un orden “monosexual” –la idea de que una persona sólo puede tener un único sexo/género y que este es estable para toda la vida- y del conocido como “dimorfismo sexual” –la creencia o convicción dominante en Occidente de la existencia de tan sólo dos sexos posibles, mujer y varón- obliga a confeccionar cuerpos ficticios que eliminan la verdadera variabilidad sexual humana. Será la institución médica y los profesionales médicos responsables de estos recién nacidos, los encargados de buscar qué sexo “verdadero” se esconde detrás de tanta ambigüedad, erigiéndose como responsables del proceso de sexuación en nuestra sociedad.

  11. Equity valuation : Under Armour

    OpenAIRE

    Vicente, António Rafael Mendes

    2016-01-01

    The present dissertation aims to value Under Armour, an American sportswear company. Since Valuation is not an exact science, during the literature review will be presented several valuation methods. Most of the authors mention DCF Valuation as one of the best but it seems impossible for them to reach a consensus about which one is in fact the best. In order to get Under Armour’s target price, a DCF valuation will be made and accompanied by a Relative Valuation that, when it is properly us...

  12. Alteration in certain enzymological parameters of an Indian major carp, Cirrhinus mrigala exposed to short- and long-term exposure of clofibric acid and diclofenac.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Saravanan, Manoharan; Ramesh, Mathan; Petkam, Rakpong

    2013-12-01

    The extensive use of pharmaceuticals in human and veterinary medicine may enter the aquatic environment and pose a serious threat to non-target aquatic organisms like fish. In this study, Indian major carp Cirrhinus mrigala was exposed to different concentrations (1, 10 and 100 μg L⁻¹) of most commonly used pharmaceutical drugs clofibric acid (CA) and diclofenac (DCF) to evaluate its impacts on certain enzymological parameters during short- and long-term exposures. During short-term (96 h) exposure period, plasma glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and gill Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activity were significantly altered at all concentrations of both the CA- and DCF-treated fish. In long-term exposure (35 days), gill Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activity was found to be significantly increased at all concentration of CA and DCF exposures throughout the study period (except at the end of 7th day in 10 and 100 µg L⁻¹) . However, a biphasic trend was observed in plasma GOT and GPT activity when compared to the control groups. In both short- and long-term exposure, a significant (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05) changes were observed in all enzymological parameters of fish C. mrigala exposed to different concentrations of CA and DCF. The alterations of these enzymological parameters can be effectively used as potential biomarkers in monitoring of pharmaceutical toxicity in aquatic environment and organisms.

  13. Liver Effects of Clinical Drugs Differentiated in Human Liver Slices

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alison E. M. Vickers

    2017-03-01

    Full Text Available Drugs with clinical adverse effects are compared in an ex vivo 3-dimensional multi-cellular human liver slice model. Functional markers of oxidative stress and mitochondrial function, glutathione GSH and ATP levels, were affected by acetaminophen (APAP, 1 mM, diclofenac (DCF, 1 mM and etomoxir (ETM, 100 μM. Drugs targeting mitochondria more than GSH were dantrolene (DTL, 10 μM and cyclosporin A (CSA, 10 μM, while GSH was affected more than ATP by methimazole (MMI, 500 μM, terbinafine (TBF, 100 μM, and carbamazepine (CBZ 100 μM. Oxidative stress genes were affected by TBF (18%, CBZ, APAP, and ETM (12%–11%, and mitochondrial genes were altered by CBZ, APAP, MMI, and ETM (8%–6%. Apoptosis genes were affected by DCF (14%, while apoptosis plus necrosis were altered by APAP and ETM (15%. Activation of oxidative stress, mitochondrial energy, heat shock, ER stress, apoptosis, necrosis, DNA damage, immune and inflammation genes ranked CSA (75%, ETM (66%, DCF, TBF, MMI (61%–60%, APAP, CBZ (57%–56%, and DTL (48%. Gene changes in fatty acid metabolism, cholestasis, immune and inflammation were affected by DTL (51%, CBZ and ETM (44%–43%, APAP and DCF (40%–38%, MMI, TBF and CSA (37%–35%. This model advances multiple dosing in a human ex vivo model, plus functional markers and gene profile markers of drug induced human liver side-effects.

  14. Somnolencia y fatiga materna en los primeros años de crianza y ejecución en la conducción evaluada en simulador

    OpenAIRE

    Sánchez García, M. Mar

    2017-01-01

    RESUMEN DE LA TESIS DOCTORAL Somnolencia y fatiga materna en los primeros años de crianza y ejecución en la conducción evaluada en simulador El nacimiento de un bebé y la crianza posterior durante la primera infancia supone un considerable esfuerzo para madres y padres, que provoca cambios profundos en la familia, tanto si se trata del primer hijo/a como de la incorporación de un nuevo miembro más a la familia. Un bebé recién nacido necesita atención constante por parte de sus cuidador...

  15. Current progress in the permeability and its enhancement approches for TCM active ingredients across blood-eye barrier

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yu-Yang Bai

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available Blood-eye barrier(BEBis one of the most important structures of organism to maintain homeostasis of the eye. However, it is the major constraint for the medication of intraocular diseases. Traditional Chinese medicines have distinctive advantages for the treatment of intraocular diseases, which can be used to regulate the physiological function of human body with low toxicity. In this article, we have briefly summarized the feature of BEB, with the domestic and foreign literatures combined, and mainly reviewed current progress in the field of study on the permeability of traditional Chinese medicines and effective components in BEB and promoting methods.

  16. Momentos de interação em que as emoções se apre(e)ndem: estudo exploratório sobre a prestação materna e infantil em jogo livre

    OpenAIRE

    Fuertes, Marina; Faria, Anabela; Soares, Hélia; Oliveira-Costa, Antónia

    2010-01-01

    Numa amostra com 99 díades mãe-filho (sem condições evidentes de risco), tendo os bebês entre 3 e 6 meses, analisamos breves sequências de jogo livre. Pretendíamos estudar a interacção mãe-filho num registo próximo do dia a dia. Para o efeito, avaliamos: a expressão facial, expressão vocal, posicionamento e manipulação, expressão afetiva, reciprocidade, directividade e jogo proporcionados pelas mães. Nos bebês observamos as respostas faciais, vocais, afectivas, a capacidade de responder recip...

  17. Brazilian energy balance 2013 - calendar year 2012: final report

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2013-01-01

    The BEB is divided into eight chapters and ten annexes, whose contents are as follow: Chapter 1- Energy analysis and aggregated data- presents energy highlights per source in 2012 and analyses the evolution of the domestic energy supply and its relationship with economic growth in 2012; Chapter 2- Energy supply and demand by source- has the accountancy, per primary and secondary energy sources, of the production, import, export, variation of stocks, losses, adjustments, disaggregated total per socioeconomic sector in the country; Chapter 3- Energy consumption by sector- presents the final energy consumption classified by primary and secondary source for each sector of the economy; Chapter 4- Energy imports and exports- presents the evolution of the data on the import and export of energy and the dependence on external energy; Chapter 5- Balance of transformation centers- presents the energy balances for the energy transformation centers including their losses; Chapter 6- Energy resources and reserves- has the basic concepts use in the survey of resources and reserves of primary energy sources; Chapter 7- Energy and socioeconomics- contains a comparison of energy, economic and population parameters, specific consumption, energy intensities, average prices and spending on petroleum imports; Chapter 8- State energy data- presents energy data for the states by Federal Unit, main energy source production, energy installations, reserves and hydraulic potential; Relating to annexes the current structure is presented bellow: Annex 1- Installed capacity- shows the installed capacity of electricity generation, the installed capacity of Itaipu hydro plant and the installed capacity for oil refining; Annex 2- Self-production of electricity- presents disaggregated data of self-production, considering sources and sectors. Annex 3- World energy data- presents the main indicators for the production, import, export and consumption per energy source and region; Annex 4- Useful

  18. Brazilian energy balance 2012 - calendar year 2011: final report

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2012-01-01

    The BEB is divided into eight chapters and ten annexes, whose contents are as follow: Chapter 1- energy analysis and aggregated data- presents energy highlights per source in 2012 and analyses the evolution of the domestic energy supply and its relationship with economic growth in 2011; Chapter 2 - Energy supply and demand by source- has the accountancy, per primary and secondary energy sources, of the production, import, export, variation of stocks, losses, adjustments, disaggregated total per socioeconomic sector in the country; Chapter 3 - Energy consumption by sector- presents the final energy consumption classified by primary and secondary source for each sector of the economy; Chapter 4 - Energy imports and exports- presents the evolution of the data on the import and export of energy and the dependence on external energy; Chapter 5 - Balance of transformation centers - presents the energy balances for the energy transformation centers including their losses; Chapter 6 - Energy resources and reserves- has the basic concepts use in the survey of resources and reserves of primary energy sources; Chapter 7- Energy and socioeconomics - contains a comparison of energy, economic and population parameters, specific consumption, energy intensities, average prices and spending on petroleum imports; Chapter 8- State energy data- presents energy data for the states by Federal Unit, main energy source production, energy installations, reserves and hydraulic potential; Relating to annexes the current structure is presented bellow: Annex 1- Installed capacity- shows the installed capacity of electricity generation, the installed capacity of Itaipu hydro plant and the installed capacity for oil refining.; Annex 2- Self-production of electricity- presents disaggregated data of self-production, considering sources and sectors. Annex 3- World energy data- presents the main indicators for the production, import, export and consumption per energy source and region; Annex 4

  19. Brazilian energy balance 2014 - calendar year 2013: final report

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2014-01-01

    The BEB is divided into eight chapters and ten annexes, whose contents are as follow: Chapter 1- Energy analysis and aggregated data- presents energy highlights per source in 2012 and analyses the evolution of the domestic energy supply and its relationship with economic growth in 2013; Chapter 2- Energy supply and demand by source- has the accountancy, per primary and secondary energy sources, of the production, import, export, variation of stocks, losses, adjustments, disaggregated total per socioeconomic sector in the country; Chapter 3- Energy consumption by sector- presents the final energy consumption classified by primary and secondary source for each sector of the economy; Chapter 4- Energy imports and exports- presents the evolution of the data on the import and export of energy and the dependence on external energy; Chapter 5- Balance of transformation centers- presents the energy balances for the energy transformation centers including their losses; Chapter 6- Energy resources and reserves- has the basic concepts use in the survey of resources and reserves of primary energy sources; Chapter 7- Energy and socioeconomics- contains a comparison of energy, economic and population parameters, specific consumption, energy intensities, average prices and spending on petroleum imports; Chapter 8- State energy data- presents energy data for the states by Federal Unit, main energy source production, energy installations, reserves and hydraulic potential; Relating to annexes the current structure is presented bellow: Annex 1- Installed capacity- shows the installed capacity of electricity generation, the installed capacity of Itaipu hydro plant and the installed capacity for oil refining.; Annex 2- Self-production of electricity- presents disaggregated data of self-production, considering sources and sectors. Annex 3- World energy data- presents the main indicators for the production, import, export and consumption per energy source and region; Annex 4- Useful

  20. Relationship between the structure of Fe-MCM-48 and its activity in catalytic ozonation for diclofenac mineralization.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Xukai; Chen, Weirui; Tang, Yiming; Li, Laisheng

    2018-05-12

    Fe-MCM-48 catalyst with a three-dimensional cubic pore structure was directly synthesized via a hydrothermal method, and the mineralization efficiency of diclofenac (DCF) in the catalytic ozonation process (Fe-MCM-48/O 3 ) was assessed. X-ray diffraction (XRD), N 2 adsorption desorption, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterizations revealed that Fe existed in the framework of MCM-48, and Fe-MCM-48 possessed a large surface area and a highly ordered cubic mesoporous structure, which could accelerate reactants and products diffusion. Regarding mineralization efficiency, the addition of Fe-MCM-48 significantly improved total organic carbon (TOC) removal, and approximately 49.9% TOC were removed through the Fe-MCM-48/O 3 process at 60 min, which was 2.0 times higher than that in single ozonation. Due to this catalyst's superior structure, Fe-MCM-48 showed the better catalytic activity compared with Fe-MCM-41 and Fe loaded MCM-48 (Fe/MCM-48, Fe existed on the surface of MCM-48). DCF removal in the Fe-MCM-48/O 3 process was primarily based on ozone direct oxidation. The improvement of mineralization efficiency was attributed to the function of generated hydroxyl radicals (•OH), which indicated that the presence of Fe-MCM-48 accelerated ozone decomposition. Moreover, the negatively charged surface of Fe-MCM-48 and the proper pH value of the DCF solution played an essential role in OH generation. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  1. The efficacy of modified docetaxel-cisplatin-5-fluorouracil regimen as first-line treatment in patients with alpha-fetoprotein producing gastric carcinoma

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bozkaya, Yakup; Doğan, Mutlu; Yazıcı, Ozan; Erdem, Gökmen Umut; Demirci, Nebi Serkan; Zengin, Nurullah

    2017-01-01

    Alpha-fetoprotein producing gastric carcinoma (AFP-PGC) is a rare cancer for which limited data on the clinicopathological features and treatment modalities exist. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of modified docetaxel-cisplatin-5-fluorouracil (mDCF) as the first-line chemotherapy regimen in metastatic AFP-PGC and non-AFP-PGC. The patients diagnosed with metastatic gastric cancer who were given mDCF as first-line therapy were retrospectively reviewed. The patients with a basal serum AFP level over 9 ng/ml were defined as AFP-PGC patients. In total, 169 patients (34 with AFP-PGC and 135 with non-AFP-PGC) were included in this study. AFP-PGC patients had more liver metastases than non-AFP-PGC patients (p < 0.001). A decrease in basal AFP levels after three cycles of chemotherapy was significantly different in AFP-PGC group (p = 0.001). Overall disease control rate was 79.4% (partial response [PR] - 44.1%, stable disease [SD] - 35.3%), and 82.2% (complete response - 3%, PR - 36.2%, SD - 43%) in AFP-PGC and non-AFP-PGC patients, respectively. There was no difference between AFP-PGC and non-AFP-PGC groups in overall and progression-free survival rates (11.3 versus 11.4 months and 7.7 versus 7.1 months, respectively). Rates of grade 3-4 hematologic toxicity were 8.8% and 6.7% for neutropenia in AFP-PGC and non-AFP-PGC group, respectively and 5.9% and 7.4% for anemia. In conclusion, mDCF regimen is well-tolerated with acceptable toxicity outcomes in both AFP-PGC and non-AFP-PGC patients. A statistically significant decrease in AFP levels after mDCF regimen indicate that AFP might be considered as a supplemental marker of response to mDCF chemotherapy in AFP-PGC patients. However, further prospective clinical trials are required in this area. PMID:28273032

  2. The efficacy of modified docetaxel-cisplatin-5-fluorouracil regimen as first-line treatment in patients with alpha-fetoprotein producing gastric carcinoma

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yakup Bozkaya

    2017-05-01

    Full Text Available Alpha-fetoprotein producing gastric carcinoma (AFP-PGC is a rare cancer for which limited data on the clinicopathological features and treatment modalities exist. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of modified docetaxel-cisplatin-5-fluorouracil (mDCF as the first-line chemotherapy regimen in metastatic AFP-PGC and non-AFP-PGC. The patients diagnosed with metastatic gastric cancer who were given mDCF as first-line therapy were retrospectively reviewed. The patients with a basal serum AFP level over 9 ng/ml were defined as AFP-PGC patients. In total, 169 patients (34 with AFP-PGC and 135 with non-AFP-PGC were included in this study. AFP-PGC patients had more liver metastases than non-AFP-PGC patients (p < 0.001. A decrease in basal AFP levels after three cycles of chemotherapy was significantly different in AFP-PGC group (p = 0.001.Overall disease control rate was 79.4% (partial response [PR] - 44.1%, stable disease [SD] - 35.3%, and 82.2% (complete response - 3%, PR - 36.2%, SD - 43% in AFP-PGC and non-AFP-PGC patients, respectively. There was no difference between AFP-PGC and non-AFP-PGC groups in overall and progression-free survival rates (11.3 versus 11.4 months and 7.7 versus 7.1 months, respectively. Rates of grade 3-4 hematologic toxicity were 8.8% and 6.7% for neutropenia in AFP-PGC and non-AFP-PGC group, respectively and 5.9% and 7.4% for anemia. In conclusion, mDCF regimen is well-tolerated with acceptable toxicity outcomes in both AFP-PGC and non-AFP-PGC patients. A statistically significant decrease in AFP levels after mDCF regimen indicate that AFP might be considered as a supplemental marker of response to mDCF chemotherapy in AFP-PGC patients. However, further prospective clinical trials are required in this area.

  3. Indikativní výnosové ocenění společnosti Deloitte Audit s.r.o zjednodušeným způsobem

    OpenAIRE

    Kuchyňa, Pavel

    2010-01-01

    Objective of this thesis is to evaluate Deloitte Audit s.r.o. company especially for the purposes of possible changes in structure of the group. This is a shortened simple version of standard evaluation process within the range of about 30 pages. Before using of DCF Equity method, financial and strategic analyses are elaborated and then financial plan is build on base of value drivers estimates.

  4. Stability of therapeutic albumin solutions used for molecular adsorbent recirculating system-based liver dialysis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    De Bruyn, Tom; Meijers, Björn; Evenepoel, Pieter; Laub, Ruth; Willems, Ludo; Augustijns, Patrick; Annaert, Pieter

    2012-01-01

    Mounting evidence suggests beneficial effects of albumin dialysis-based liver support in patients suffering from acute-on-chronic liver failure. Molecular adsorbent recirculating system (MARS) is a nonbiological liver support device, based on the exchange of albumin-bound toxins between the patient's blood and a 20% human serum albumin solution in a secondary circuit. Bound toxins are continuously removed from the circulating albumin by exposure to activated charcoal and an ion-exchange resin. The aim of the present in vitro study was to determine the impact of exposure to charcoal and resin on the ligand binding properties of albumins, containing various levels of stabilizers and obtained from different suppliers (Baxter, CAF-DCF [Red Cross], and Sigma-Aldrich). Albumin binding properties were assessed by measuring equilibrium binding properties of warfarin, diazepam, and salicylate before and after incubation (for up to 7 h) with adsorbing materials; albumin-associated esterase-like activities were also determined. Notable changes in albumin binding upon incubation with adsorbing materials were only observed when using warfarin as a ligand. Affinity of warfarin for the Baxter and Sigma albumins showed a pronounced decrease (higher K(d) ) after the 1-7-h exposure to charcoal or resin. In the absence of adsorbing materials, similar effects were found, indicating that incubation time per se affects albumin binding properties. Following exposure to resin, Baxter albumin binding capacity (B(max)) increased about twofold. For albumin obtained from CAF-DCF, binding affinity and capacity for warfarin were constant under all conditions tested. Esterase-like activities associated with these albumins were either maintained or enhanced (up to 2.5-fold in case of Sigma albumin) following 7-h incubations with adsorbing materials. Our data suggest limited direct influence of the presence of stabilizers in therapeutic albumin solutions on baseline binding properties of human

  5. Fertility rates and perinatal outcomes of adolescent pregnancies: a retrospective population-based study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Souza, Maria de Lourdes de; Lynn, Fiona Ann; Johnston, Linda; Tavares, Eduardo Cardoso Teixeira; Brüggemann, Odaléa Maria; Botelho, Lúcio José

    2017-04-06

    analyze trends in fertility rates and associations with perinatal outcomes for adolescents in Santa Catarina, Brazil. a population-based study covering 2006 to 2013 was carried out to evaluate associations between perinatal outcomes and age groups, using odds ratios, and Chi-squared tests. differences in the fertility rate among female adolescents across regions and time period were observed, ranging from 40.9 to 72.0 per 1,000 in mothers aged 15-19 years. Adolescents had fewer prenatal care appointments than mothers ≥20 years, and a higher proportion had no partner. Mothers aged 15-19 years were more likely to experience preterm birth (OR:1.1; CI:1.08-1.13; ppobreza social y económica. Madres adolescentes y sus bebés tienen mayor probabilidad de efectos perinatales adversos. Enfermeros, trabajadores de salud pública, profesionales de salud y asistencia social y educadores deben colaborar para mejor dirigir estrategias a adolescentes con riesgo superior; para fines de ayudar a reducir las tasas de fertilidad y mejorar los resultados.

  6. Impacto de um projeto de extensão universitária na formação profissional de egressos de uma universidade pública

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lúcia de Fátima Almeida de Deus Moura

    Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: Dentre as competências necessárias à formação profissional em Odontologia no Brasil, está aquela destinada à atuação nos serviços de saúde. Nesse processo de formação, a participação em programas de extensão universitária amplia as possibilidades de aprendizado por permitir a vivência entre os ambientes acadêmico e comunitário. OBJETIVO: Determinar o impacto que as informações e ações desenvolvidas em um programa de extensão universitária exerceram na formação profissional de egressos de uma universidade pública. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foi realizado um estudo observacional transversal descritivo. A população do estudo foi composta por 268 cirurgiões-dentistas, que participaram do projeto de extensão universitária do curso de Odontologia da Universidade Federal do Piauí - Programa Preventivo para Gestantes e Bebês, no período de 1997 a 2011. Foi utilizado questionário enviado por e-mail como instrumento de coleta de dados, incluindo perguntas relativas à importância que o programa exerceu na qualificação profissional dos ex-estagiários. RESULTADO: O percentual de resposta foi de 52,6%, ou seja, 141 cirurgiões-dentistas responderam ao questionário. Os resultados apontaram que 98,6% dos sujeitos classificaram o Programa Preventivo para Gestantes e Bebês como ótimo; 91,5% declararam aplicar os conhecimentos adquiridos no projeto em sua rotina profissional; 28,4% implantaram programas semelhantes; 85,8% atendem gestantes em suas rotinas de trabalho e, destes, 19,8% relataram dificuldade nos atendimentos; 69,5% atendem bebês em suas rotinas de trabalho e, destes, 63,3% se sentem capacitados para executar procedimentos clínicos. CONCLUSÃO: As informações e ações desenvolvidas no Programa Preventivo para Gestantes e Bebês apresentaram impacto positivo na qualificação profissional de egressos, contribuindo para que os mesmos atuem com segurança nos atendimentos de gestantes e bebês.

  7. Sample Based Unit Liter Dose Estimates

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    JENSEN, L.

    2000-01-01

    The Tank Waste Characterization Program has taken many core samples, grab samples, and auger samples from the single-shell and double-shell tanks during the past 10 years. Consequently, the amount of sample data available has increased, both in terms of quantity of sample results and the number of tanks characterized. More and better data is available than when the current radiological and toxicological source terms used in the Basis for Interim Operation (BIO) (FDH 1999a) and the Final Safety Analysis Report (FSAR) (FDH 1999b) were developed. The Nuclear Safety and Licensing (NS and L) organization wants to use the new data to upgrade the radiological and toxicological source terms used in the BIO and FSAR. The NS and L organization requested assistance in producing a statistically based process for developing the source terms. This report describes the statistical techniques used and the assumptions made to support the development of a new radiological source term for liquid and solid wastes stored in single-shell and double-shell tanks. The results given in this report are a revision to similar results given in an earlier version of the document (Jensen and Wilmarth 1999). The main difference between the results in this document and the earlier version is that the dose conversion factors (DCF) for converting μCi/g or μCi/L to Sv/L (sieverts per liter) have changed. There are now two DCFs, one based on ICRP-68 and one based on ICW-71 (Brevick 2000)

  8. Abusive head trauma in children: a literature review

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nahara R.L. Lopes

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available Objective: To review the scientific literature on pediatric abusive head trauma as a form of physical abuse against infants and young children, highlighting the prevalence, signs and symptoms, consequences, risk factors for its occurrence, and prevention strategies. Data source: The MEDLINE, SciELO, LILACS, and Web of Science databases from 2001 to 2012 were reviewed, using the terms “shaken baby syndrome” and “abusive head trauma” in English, Spanish, and Portuguese. Data synthesis: Pediatric abusive head trauma is defined as injury to the skull or intracranial contents of a infant or child younger than 5 years due to intentional abrupt impact and/or violent shaking. It occurs mainly in infants and children under 1 year of age, and may result in severe consequences, from physical or mental disabilities to death. Although there are specific signs for this form of abuse, they can be mistaken for common illnesses in children or accidental head injury; thus, clinical training of professionals involved in the assessment of cases to attain the correct diagnosis is crucial. Prevention strategies should include early identification of cases, as well as parental education on child development, especially on the infant's crying pattern. Conclusions: Considering the severity of abusive head trauma in children, it is critical that prevention strategies be implemented and evaluated in the Brazilian context. It is suggested that its incidence indicators be assessed at the national level. Resumo: Objetivo: Fornecer uma revisão de literatura científica sobre trauma craniano violento pediátrico enquanto forma de maus-tratos físicos contra bebês e crianças, ressaltando prevalência, sinais e sintomas, consequências, fatores de risco para sua ocorrência e, principalmente, estratégias de prevenção. Fontes dos dados: Revisão nas bases de dados MEDLINE, SciELO, LILACS e Web of Science no período de 2001 a 2012 utilizando os termos

  9. Charles Darwin: um observador do desenvolvimento humano

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eloisa Helena Rubello Valler Celeri

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Os autores traduzem, pela primeira vez para o português, o artigo de Charles Darwin "A Biographical Sketch of an Infant", publicado no periódico Mind em julho de 1877. Utilizando anotações de observações do desenvolvimento de seus filhos, especialmente de seu filho mais velho William Erasmus (Doddy, Darwin descreve e estuda, a partir de seu enfoque naturalista, o filhote humano, narrando os primeiros indicativos comportamentais de emoções tais como raiva e medo, curiosidade e senso moral, o brincar e o prazer envolvido nesta atividade, a capacidade de imitação e os primeiros indícios daquilo que hoje conhecemos como "teoria da mente". Colocando-se questões sobre as capacidades do bebê, como eles aprendem e como se comunicam e levantando hipóteses sobre possíveis significados de certos comportamentos, questões ainda hoje fundamentais para o estudo do desenvolvimento humano, Darwin mostra-se também um pioneiro no estudo do bebê e da criança pequena, numa época na qual as capacidades dos bebês eram extremamente subestimadas e desconsideradas.

  10. Experimental evaluation of the extended Dytlewski-style dead time correction formalism for neutron multiplicity counting

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lockhart, M.; Henzlova, D.; Croft, S.; Cutler, T.; Favalli, A.; McGahee, Ch.; Parker, R.

    2018-01-01

    Over the past few decades, neutron multiplicity counting has played an integral role in Special Nuclear Material (SNM) characterization pertaining to nuclear safeguards. Current neutron multiplicity analysis techniques use singles, doubles, and triples count rates because a methodology to extract and dead time correct higher order count rates (i.e. quads and pents) was not fully developed. This limitation is overcome by the recent extension of a popular dead time correction method developed by Dytlewski. This extended dead time correction algorithm, named Dytlewski-Croft-Favalli(DCF), is detailed in reference Croft and Favalli (2017), which gives an extensive explanation of the theory and implications of this new development. Dead time corrected results can then be used to assay SNM by inverting a set of extended point model equations which as well have only recently been formulated. The current paper discusses and presents the experimental evaluation of practical feasibility of the DCF dead time correction algorithm to demonstrate its performance and applicability in nuclear safeguards applications. In order to test the validity and effectiveness of the dead time correction for quads and pents, 252Cf and SNM sources were measured in high efficiency neutron multiplicity counters at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) and the count rates were extracted up to the fifth order and corrected for dead time. In order to assess the DCF dead time correction, the corrected data is compared to traditional dead time correction treatment within INCC. The DCF dead time correction is found to provide adequate dead time treatment for broad range of count rates available in practical applications.

  11. Colestase neonatal - Protocolo de abordagem diagnóstica

    OpenAIRE

    Santos Silva, Ermelinda; Pó, Inês; Gonçalves, Isabel

    2014-01-01

    A icterícia é frequente nos recém nascidos. A persistência de icterícia para além dos 14 dias de vida (em recém-nascidos de termo) torna mandatória uma investigação, embora muitos bebés com icterícia do leite materno se possam manter ictéricos para além dos 30 dias 1.A ictercia frequente nos recm nascidos. A persistncia de ictercia para alm dos 14 dias de vida (em recm-nascidos de termo) torna mandatria uma investigao, embora muitos bebs com ictercia do leite materno se possam manter ictricos...

  12. Análise da associação entre tipos de aleitamento, presença de risco ao desenvolvimento infantil, variáveis obstétricas e socioeconômicas

    OpenAIRE

    Crestani, Anelise Henrich; Souza, Ana Paula Ramos de; Beltrami, Luciane; Moraes, Anaelena Bragança de

    2012-01-01

    OBJETIVO: Investigar a associação entre tipo de aleitamento, presença de risco ao desenvolvimento infantil, e variáveis obstétricas e socioeconômicas. MÉTODOS: A amostra foi constituída de 182 díades mães-bebês. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de uma entrevista inicial que investigou o aleitamento, aspectos obstétricos, socioeconômicos, demográficos e psicossociais e a análise da interação mãe-bebê por meio do Protocolo de Índices de Risco ao Desenvolvimento Infantil. Os dados foram organi...

  13. DCF(Registered)-A JAUS and TENA Compliant Agent-Based Framework for Test and Evaluation of Unmanned Vehicles

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-03-01

    functions of the vignette editor include visualizing the state of the UAS team, creating T&E scenarios, monitoring the UAS team performance, and...These behaviors are then executed by the robot sequentially (Figure 2). A state machine mission editor allows mission builders to use behaviors from the...include control, robotics, distributed applications, multimedia applications, databases, design patterns, and software engineering. Mr. Lenzi is the

  14. Survey of options on legalizing bicycling (VB)

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Zwahlen, Jurg; Sulewski, Sharon; Sacovitch, Stephen

    1999-01-01

    The Dansk Cyklist Forbund (DCF) wanted to carry out an analysis of the use of an approximately two-kilometer section of walking path surrounding the Pebling and Sortedams lakes in the Nørrebro and Østerbro districts of Copenhagen, Denmark. The area of interest was located along the streets...... of Peblinge Dosseringen and Sortesø Dosseringen.In February of 1998 a proposal of legalizing bycycling along the lakes was turned down and the DCF wanted to determine who the objections came from, how the area’s residents, pedestrians and bicyclists viewed the situation, and how strong and well organized...

  15. Pressure management of water distribution systems via the remote real-time control of variable speed pumps

    CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

    Page, Philip R

    2017-08-01

    Full Text Available describes controllers which set the pump speed α, a physical property of the pump. The “proportional control” method (denoted PC), in analogy to the method for PCVs [2, 3, 12, 13], adjusts αi+1 = αi − kpi (Hi −Hsp) (3) where kpi is a dimension-full parameter... constant) Kpi in Eq. 6. An analogous procedure was followed for a PCV [13]. The proposed controller is called the “parameter-dependent P-controller with known constant pump flow” (DCF). The LCF and DCF controllers require Q to be known, either through a...

  16. Demonstration of two-user, 10-Gbits/s optical code-division multiple-access system implemented by using cascaded longperiod fiber gratings formed in dispersion-compensating fiber with inner-cladding structure

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Kim, Sun-Jong; Eom, T.J.; Kim, T.Y.

    2005-01-01

    A two-user, 10-Gbits/s optical code-division multiple-access system implemented by using cascaded long-period fiber gratings formed in a dispersion-compensating fiber (DCF) is demonstrated. Our results show that the sensitivity of cladding modes to the refractive index change on the cladding...... surface is greatly reduced by utilizing the inner-cladding mode of the DCF. Two pairs of encoder/decoder are constructed and the performance is evaluated by measuring bit error rate (BER). With an interferer, a BER of 1.5 X 10(-12) is measured at a received optical power of -6 dBm....

  17. Demonstration of two-user, 10-Gbits/s optical code-division multiple-access system implemented by using cascaded long-period fiber gratings formed in dispersion-compensating fiber with inner-cladding structure

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kim, Sun-Jong; Eom, Tae-Jung; Kim, Tae-Young; Lee, Byeong Ha; Park, Chang-Soo

    2005-09-01

    A two-user, 10-Gbits/s optical code-division multiple-access system implemented by using cascaded long-period fiber gratings formed in a dispersion-compensating fiber (DCF) is demonstrated. Our results show that the sensitivity of cladding modes to the refractive index change on the cladding surface is greatly reduced by utilizing the inner-cladding mode of the DCF. Two pairs of encoder/decoder are constructed and the performance is evaluated by measuring bit error rate (BER). With an interferer, a BER of 1.5×10-12 is measured at a received optical power of -6 dBm.

  18. Use of Low-cost Adsorbents to Chlorophenols and Organic Matter Removal of Petrochemical Wastewater

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aretha Moreira de Oliveira

    2013-11-01

    Full Text Available The removal of 2,4 diclorophenol (2,4-DCF and 2,4,6 trichlorophenol (2,4,6 TCF present in  petrochemical wastewater was evaluated using low-cost adsorbents, such as chitin, chitosan and coconut shells. Batch studies showed that the absorption efficiency for 2,4 DCF and 2,4,6 TCF follow the order: chitosan > chitin > coconut shells. Langmuir and Freundlich models have been applied to experimental isotherms data, to better understand the adsorption mechanisms. Petrochemical wastewater treatment with fixed bed column system using chitinous adsorbents showed a removal of COD (75% , TOG (90% and turbidity (74-89%.

  19. Rapid analysis of diclofenac and some of its transformation products in the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Daniele, Gaëlle; Fieu, Maëva; Joachim, Sandrine; Bado-Nilles, Anne; Baudoin, Patrick; Turies, Cyril; Porcher, Jean-Marc; Andres, Sandrine; Vulliet, Emmanuelle

    2016-06-01

    Pharmaceuticals are emerging organic contaminants ubiquitously present in the environment due to incessant input into the aquatic compartment mainly resulting from incomplete removal in wastewater treatment plants. One of the major preoccupations concerning pharmaceuticals released into surface waters is their potential for bioaccumulation in biota, possibly leading to deleterious effects on ecosystems especially as they could affect a broad variety of organisms living in or depending on the aquatic environment. Thus, the development of accurate and sensitive methods is necessary to detect these compounds in aquatic ecosystems. Considering this need, this study deals with the analytical development of a methodology to quantify traces of diclofenac together with some of its biotic and abiotic transformation products in whole-body tissue of three-spined stickleback. A simple and reliable extraction method based on a modified QuEChERS extraction is implemented on 200 mg of fish. The detection and quantification of the ten target compounds are performed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The whole process was successfully validated regarding linearity, recovery, repeatability, and reproducibility. The method limits of detection and quantification do not exceed 1 ng/g. To reproduce environmental conditions, we measured the concentration of DCF and its transformation products in three-spined sticklebacks after a 6-month exposure in mesocosms at several levels of DCF ranging from 0.05 to 4.1 μg/L. The phase I metabolite 4'-hydroxydiclofenac was detected in fish samples exposed at the highest DCF concentration. Graphical abstract Analysis of diclofenac and some of its transformation products in the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, by QuEChERS extraction followed by LC-MS/MS.

  20. Tongue frenulum evaluation protocol in babies

    OpenAIRE

    Martinelli, Roberta Lopes de Castro; Marchesan, Irene Queiroz; Rodrigues, Antonio de Castro; Berretin-Felix, Giédre

    2012-01-01

    OBJETIVO: apresentar uma proposta de protocolo de avaliação do frênulo da língua em bebês com escores. MÉTODO: inicialmente foi realizada uma revisão da literatura relacionada, consultando as bases de dados Web of Science, Pubmed, Embase, All Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews e Scielo, bem como livros textos das áreas de anatomia, odontopediatria e fonoaudiologia. Todos os aspectos julgados relevantes nos trabalhos encontrados foram incluídos na versão inicial, que foi submetida à avaliação de ...

  1. DSRC中一种考虑剩余时间的信道访问退避算法%Channel access backoff algorithm considered remaining time for DSRC

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    曹敦; 唐雨龙; 雷正保

    2016-01-01

    IEEE 802.11p protocol is a low layer standard of DSRC, the backoff algoritm which utilized is BEB(Binary Exponential Backoff). BEB is widely used, but this algorithm cannot adapt to the DSRC network very well, because vehi-cles with high speed and the rapid changes of the network topology may easily lead to problems, such as unfairness of channel access and increasing rate of packet loss. To optimize and improve these situation, a backoff algorithm based on remaining time is proposed, this algorithm calculates the remaining time by the current speed of vehicle nodes to optimize the backoff mechanism. The experimental results show that, the mechanism proposed has a better performance in improving fairness of channel access and increasing the network throughput.%IEEE 802.11p协议是DSRC技术的下层标准,而该协议采用的仍然是传统的二进制指数退避算法(BEB).BEB算法虽已广泛使用,但并不能很好地适应DSRC中车载节点的高速移动及其拓扑结构快速变化的特点,易出现信道访问不公平,网络丢包率增加等问题.针对这些问题,提出一种考虑剩余时间的退避算法,由车辆节点的当前速度计算其剩余时间,优化退避机制.实验表明,提出的机制在改善信道访问公平性,提高网络吞吐量等方面均有较好的改善.

  2. Análise da associação entre índices de risco ao desenvolvimento infantil e produção inicial de fala entre 13 e 16 meses

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anelise Henrich Crestani

    2015-02-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: investigar a associação entre presença de risco ao desenvolvimento infantil e produção inicial de fala de crianças na faixa de 13 a 16 meses de idade e analisar o valor preditivo dos índices de risco ao desenvolvimento infantil em relação à aquisição inicial da linguagem. MÉTODOS: a amostra foi constituída de 52 díades mães-bebês, seguidas em estudo de coorte de zero aos 18 meses, por meio dos Índices de risco ao desenvolvimento infantil e avaliadas quanto à produção de fala entre 13 e 16 meses por meio de lembranças espontâneas das mães e da observação do comportamento infantil. Os dados foram organizados em categorias e lançados para a análise estatística no aplicativo computacional STATISTICA 9.0. RESULTADOS: a aquisição da linguagem inicial, medida pelo número de palavras faladas pelo bebê, difere de modo significante na presença de riscos ao desenvolvimento na primeira fase (0 - 4 meses e considerando bebês que apresentaram risco em alguma das quatro fases (0 - 18 meses, visto que bebês com risco apresentam número de produção de vocábulos estatisticamente inferior em relação aos sem risco. CONCLUSÃO: pela análise dos resultados a pesquisa demonstrou associação estatística entre risco ao desenvolvimento infantil e produção inicial de fala. Quanto maior o risco menor a produção de fala.

  3. Relationships among head posture, pain intensity, disability and deep cervical flexor muscle performance in subjects with postural neck pain

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Arun V. Subbarayalu, PhD

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available Objectives: Information Technology (IT professionals working with computers gradually develop forward head posture and, as a result, these professionals are susceptible to several neck disorders. This study intended to reveal the relationships between pain intensity, disability, head posture and deep cervical flexor (DCF muscle performance in patients with postural neck pain. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 84 IT professionals who were diagnosed with postural neck pain. The participants were recruited with a random sampling approach. A Visual Analogue Scale (VAS, the Northwick Park Neck Pain Questionnaire (NPQ, the Modified Head Posture Spinal Curvature Instrument (MHPSCI, and the Stabilizer Pressure Biofeedback Unit were used to measure neck pain intensity, neck disability, head posture, and DCF muscle performance, respectively. Results: The Pearson correlation coefficient revealed a significantly strong positive relationship between the VAS and the NPQ (r = 0.734. The cranio-vertebral (CV angle was found to have a significantly negative correlation with the VAS (r = −0.536 and a weak negative correlation with the NPQ (r = −0.389. Conclusion: This study concluded that a smaller CV angle corresponded to greater neck pain intensity and disability. Furthermore, there is no significant relationship between CV angle and DCF muscle performance, indicating that head posture re-education through postural correction exercises would not completely correct the motor control deficits in DCF muscles. In addition, a suitable exercise regimen that exclusively targets the deep cervical flexor muscle to improve its endurance is warranted. Keywords: Craniovertebral angle, Disability deep cervical flexors muscle performance, Head posture, Postural neck pain

  4. OPTIMIZATION MODEL FOR VEHICLE ROUTING AND EQUIPMENT REPLACEMENT IN FARM MACHINERY

    OpenAIRE

    Grano, Carolina; Abensur, Eder

    2017-01-01

    ABSTRACT: An equipment replacement decision takes into account economic engineering models based on discounted cash flow (DCF) such as the Annual Equivalent Cost (AEC). Despite a large number of researches on industrial assets replacement, there is a lack of studies applied to farm goods. This study aimed at assessing an alternative model for economic decision analysis on farm machinery replacement, with no restrictions on the number of replacements and assessed goods during a defined timelin...

  5. A radon progeny sampler for the determination of effective dose

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Solomon, S.B. [Australian Radiation Laboratory, Victoria (Australia)

    1997-12-01

    The design and simulated performance is described of a two-stage sampler (HE-Sampler) for {sup 222}Rn progeny. This HE-Sampler has a collection efficiency optimised to match the particle size dependency of the radon progeny dose conversion factor (DCF), derived from the latest Respiratory Tract Model of the International Commission on Radiological Protection, as implemented in the computer code RADEP. The He-Sampler comprises a wire screen pre-separator, matched to the nasal deposition, and a wire screen collector, matched to the respiratory tract collection. This HE-Sampler allows for the estimation of the radiation dose from the inhalation of {sup 222}Rn progeny, derived from two concurrent alpha particle activity measurements, one on the HE-Sampler screen collector and one on a reference filter sample. As a first approximation, the DCF is proportional to the collected fraction. The HE-Sampler response was simulated for a range of radon progeny size distributions to determine the error in the estimated DCF values. The simulation results show that the HE-Sampler is relatively insensitive to variations in sampling rate and in the screen parameters, particularly for environmental exposure. (Author).

  6. Uso de fotorreatores UV para a remoção de diclofenaco, bezafibrato e etinilestradiol de esgoto tratado em sistema UASB-FBP

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eros de Faria

    2015-09-01

    Full Text Available RESUMOEste trabalho avaliou a remoção de diclofenaco (DCF, bezafibrato (BZF e etinilestradiol (EE2 de efluentes de sistema UASB-FBP (reator anaeróbio de manta de lodo seguido de filtro biológico percolador em fotorreatores UV de lâmpadas imersas (FRI e emersas (FRE. Os resultados mostram que baixa eficiência de remoção de tais compostos foi obtida em ambos fotorreatores quando se utilizou baixo tempo de contato (~10 min e baixa concentração inicial de fármacos (0,5 µg.L-1 para EE2, e 21 µg.L-1 para DCF e BZF. O aumento da concentração inicial de DCF (para 20 mg.L-1 e do tempo de contato (para 20 min resultaram em aumento da eficiência de remoção (de 31 para 83% no FRI e de 36 para 86% no FRE, indicando que compostos dissolvidos presentes no efluente biológico afetaram adversamente a remoção de fármacos nos fotorreatores devido a competição pela radiação UV incidente.

  7. O potencial narrativo dos lugares destinados às crianças: incursões do grupo de pesquisa em psicologia da infância GPPIN

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daniela B. S. Freire Andrade

    2015-04-01

    Full Text Available O texto discute o potencial narrativo dos espaços da infância por meio de estudos sobre significações e práticas socioeducativas destinadas às crianças na Educação Infantil. Fundamentado na Teoria Histórico Cultural, na abordagem ontogenética da Teoria das Representações Sociais em diálogo com a noção de minorias ativas (MOSCOVICI, 2011 e espaço narrativo (SENETT, 1990, procura responder se crianças são capazes de influenciar processos de significação da realidade e exercer influência social. Apresenta dois estudos que discutem o berçário como artefato cultural, cujas significações orientam profissionalidades de educadoras e regulam estruturas de oportunidade para o desenvolvimento de bebês. Revela o ser e estar de bebês mediante nova organização espacial do berçário anunciando possibilidades de aprendizagem e inserção da educadora na cena lúdica pelo bebê. As análises dos estudos revelam novas significações sobre a criança no contexto das práticas educativas e de pesquisa destacando seu poder de criação.

  8. Tocar: atenção ao vínculo no ambiente hospitalar

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Martha Duque de Moura

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available Foram investigados vínculos entre profissionais de saúde e pacientes em hospital materno-infantil terciário e público, especializado em gravidez de alto risco fetal e doenças de alta complexidade na infância e adolescência, visando verificar se intervenções que "tocam" (mães/bebês poderiam minimizar o estresse do ambiente hospitalar e interferir positivamente no processo terapêutico. Referimo-nos às ações que contribuem para os vínculos entre profissional de saúde, paciente e bebê, que incluem cuidado profissional técnico e afetivo, conforto ambiental, espaços para expressão dos sentimentos e comunicação. A pesquisa, de natureza empírico-operativa, utilizou metodologia qualitativa (observação participante e análise de discurso, tendo como sujeitos mães, familiares e profissionais. Resultados indicam a importância do acolhimento e vínculo entre profissionais de saúde e gestantes que vivem gravidez de alto risco fetal no ambiente hospitalar investigado, podendo favorecer a construção do vínculo possível entre pais e bebês em situações adversas.

  9. A Binary-Encounter-Bethe Approach to Simulate DNA Damage by the Direct Effect

    Science.gov (United States)

    Plante, Ianik; Cucinotta, Francis A.

    2013-01-01

    The DNA damage is of crucial importance in the understanding of the effects of ionizing radiation. The main mechanisms of DNA damage are by the direct effect of radiation (e.g. direct ionization) and by indirect effect (e.g. damage by.OH radicals created by the radiolysis of water). Despite years of research in this area, many questions on the formation of DNA damage remains. To refine existing DNA damage models, an approach based on the Binary-Encounter-Bethe (BEB) model was developed[1]. This model calculates differential cross sections for ionization of the molecular orbitals of the DNA bases, sugars and phosphates using the electron binding energy, the mean kinetic energy and the occupancy number of the orbital. This cross section has an analytic form which is quite convenient to use and allows the sampling of the energy loss occurring during an ionization event. To simulate the radiation track structure, the code RITRACKS developed at the NASA Johnson Space Center is used[2]. This code calculates all the energy deposition events and the formation of the radiolytic species by the ion and the secondary electrons as well. We have also developed a technique to use the integrated BEB cross section for the bases, sugar and phosphates in the radiation transport code RITRACKS. These techniques should allow the simulation of DNA damage by ionizing radiation, and understanding of the formation of double-strand breaks caused by clustered damage in different conditions.

  10. Rapid in Vitro Quantification of S. aureus Biofilms on Vascular Graft Surfaces

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Monika Herten

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available Objectives: Increasing resistance of microorganisms and particularly tolerance of bacterial biofilms against antibiotics require the need for alternative antimicrobial substances. S. aureus is the most frequent pathogen causing vascular graft infections. In order to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy, quantification of the bacterial biofilms is necessary. Aim of the present study was the validation of an in vitro model for quantification of bacterial biofilm on vascular graft surfaces using three different assays.Methods: Standardized discs of vascular graft material (Dacron or PTFE or polystyrene (PS as control surface with 0.25 cm2 surface area were inoculated with 10−3 diluted overnight culture of three biofilm-producing S. aureus isolates (BEB-029, BEB-295, SH1000 in 96-well PS culture plates. After incubation for 4 and 18 h, the biofilm was determined by three different methods: (a mitochondrial ATP concentration as measure of bacterial viability (ATP, (b crystal violet staining (Cry, and (c vital cell count by calculation of colony-forming units (CFU. The experiments were performed three times. Quadruplicates were used for each isolate, time point, and method. In parallel, bacterial biofilms were documented via scanning electron microscopy.Results: All three methods could quantify biofilms on the PS control. Time needed was 0:40, 13:10, and 14:30 h for ATP, Cry, and CFU, respectively. The Cry assay could not be used for vascular graft surfaces due to high unspecific background staining. However, ATP assay and CFU count showed comparable results on vascular graft material and control. The correlations between ATP and CFU assay differed according to the surface and incubation time and were significant only after 4 h on Dacron (BEB-029, p = 0.013 and on PS (BEB-029, p < 0.001. Between ATP and Cry assay on PS, a significant correlation could be detected after 4 h (BEB-295, p = 0.027 and after 18 h (all three strains, p < 0.026. The

  11. Economic Evaluation for Energy Business Using Real Options Pricing Method

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Yun, W.C. [Korea Energy Economics Institute, Euiwang (Korea)

    2001-11-01

    Recently, facing the new era of restructuring, privatization, and liberalization the energy industry in the world is changing rapidly, and thus the uncertain factors tend to increase. This would imply that energy-related business is now confronted with new market risks as well as the simple price risks. The traditional investment valuation method using the concept of net present value (NPV) or internal rate of revenue (IRR) might not incorporate the managerial alternatives which enable managers to respond flexibly to the changes in business environment. This study pointed out the problems of the traditional discounted cash flow (DCF) method when evaluating a certain capital investment in energy industry. As an alternative, the real option pricing method (ROPM) was proposed, which is widely adopted in the field of profit projection for the venture business. In addition, when applying to energy sector the feasibility of ROPM was discussed, and the frameworks and major results of previous related studies were described. For those using the ROPM in real business, I explained the detailed procedures and solutions of ROPM, and introduced the log-transformed binomial model which provides a more efficient solution. In order to verify the usefulness of the ROPM, this study performed an empirical analysis for a virtual construction and operation project of power plant. And, the results from the ROPM was compared to those from the traditional DCF method. Based on the empirical results, the values of various investment opportunities were shown to be high. Therefore, the project not justified in terms of traditional DCF would turn into the project with a positive gross project value, properly reflecting managerial flexibilities inherent in the original project. (author). 58 refs., 32 figs., 33 tabs.

  12. Army Equipment Modernization Plan

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-01-01

    legacy Direct Support Electrical System Test Sets (DSESTS) and legacy Base Shop Test Facility (BSTF) in five BCTs. • $22M (OPA) procures 159 Multi...ATNAVICS AW B BAIS BAT BCBL BCPL BCS3 BCT BEB B-FIST BFSB BFT BI, BII, BII BIDS BLOS BSTF C2 C4I C4ISR CA/MISO CAB CAL CALS CARA CASUP CBDP CBRN CBRNE...Protocol Digital Moving Target Indicator Document Exploitation Dual Purpose Improved Conventional Munitions Dry Support Bridge Direct Support Electrical

  13. Spectrofluorometric determination of intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species in drug-sensitive and drug-resistant cancer cells using the 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate assay

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Loetchutinat, Chatchanok [Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Bangsaen, Chonburi 20131 (Thailand); Kothan, Suchart [Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Bangsaen, Chonburi 20131 (Thailand); Dechsupa, Samarn [Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Bangsaen, Chonburi 20131 (Thailand); Meesungnoen, Jintana [Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Bangsaen, Chonburi 20131 (Thailand); Departement de medecine nucleaire et de radiobiologie, Faculte de medecine, Groupe en sciences des radiations, Universite de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4 (Canada); Jay-Gerin, Jean-Paul [Departement de medecine nucleaire et de radiobiologie, Faculte de medecine, Groupe en sciences des radiations, Universite de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4 (Canada); Mankhetkorn, Samlee [Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Bangsaen, Chonburi 20131 (Thailand)]. E-mail: samlee@bucc4.buu.ac.th

    2005-02-01

    This article examines a non-invasive spectrofluorometric method using the 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCHF-DA) assay for quantifying the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS{sub i}) produced in four cultured cancer cell lines: drug-sensitive (K562) and drug-resistant (K562/adr) human erythromyelogenous leukemia cell lines, and drug-sensitive (GLC4) and drug-resistant (GLC4/adr) human small cell lung carcinoma cell lines. The oxidation of the probe to the fluorescent dichlorofluorescein (DCF) was continuously monitored by following the DCF fluorescence intensity as a function of time using a standard spectrofluorometer in the presence of an extracellular DCF fluorescence quencher (Co{sup 2+}). By fitting the spectrofluorometric data to a kinetic model based on the following two reactions: (i) deacetylation of DCHF-DA to the oxidant-sensitive compound 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein (DCHF) by cellular esterase enzymes (pseudo-first-order rate constant: k{sub e}) and (ii) oxidation of DCHF by ROS{sub i} (second-order rate constant: k{sub 2}), the parameters intervening in DCF formation, k{sub e} and the product of k{sub 2} by the ROS{sub i} concentration, were quantitatively determined for the different cell lines studied. The results revealed that the intracellular esterase content or activity is similar in K562, K562/adr, and GLC4 cells, but 5-fold higher in GLC4/adr cells. The product k{sub 2}[ROS{sub i}] was found to be similar in the four cell lines considered, with a mean value of (5.3+/-0.9)x10{sup -7}cell{sup -1}s{sup -1}. Assuming that H{sub 2}O{sub 2} (in combination with peroxidases) is the primary responsible species for DCHF oxidation in intact cells, and using the rate constant value k2=790+/-62M-1s-1 established in our laboratory for the reaction of DCHF with H{sub 2}O{sub 2} in the presence of horseradish peroxidase, the mean value of the intracellular levels of ROS{sub i} in those cells was estimated to be 0.67+/-0.16n

  14. Over-valuation: avoid double counting when retaining dividends in the FCFE valuation

    OpenAIRE

    Silva, J. M.; Pereira, J. A.

    2017-01-01

    Valuation based on DCF (Discounted Cash Flow) has been the dominant valuation procedure during the last decades. In spite of this dominance, enterprise valuation using the discounted FCF (Free Cash Flow) model has some practical drawbacks, since there is often some confusion on how to effectively use it. Commonly, the valuation procedures start by estimating future FCF figures from historical data, such as mean FCF, growth and retention ratio, alongside many other variables. These FCF forecas...

  15. Real Options Analysis of Mining Projects

    OpenAIRE

    Rudolf Zdravlje

    2011-01-01

    When long life assets are being evaluated based on constant predictions of future variables and the assumptions of zero management flexibility, is value being missed? In project evaluation today, the most common evaluation methods that calculate a net present value are discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis, decision tree analysis and Monte Carlo simulation. A fourth method, which is beginning to gain ground in terms of its use in the mining industry, is real option analysis (ROA). ROA utilizes ...

  16. Oxidação de fármacos por cloro e formação de subprodutos em amostras aquosas em escala de bancada

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Brígida P. de Souza

    Full Text Available RESUMO Fármacos e desreguladores endócrinos são encontrados em águas naturais brasileiras, incluindo alguns mananciais de abastecimento, também em função da baixa cobertura de coleta e tratamento de esgotos no Brasil. Nesse cenário, o presente trabalho intentou avaliar a remoção de três fármacos - sulfametoxazol (SMX, diclofenaco (DCF e 17β-estradiol (E2 - em água destilada por meio da oxidação com cloro (hipoclorito de sódio, variando-se a dose de cloro e o tempo de contato em ensaios de batelada. As soluções cloradas foram analisadas, ainda, por cromatografia acoplada à espectrometria de massas para identificação de eventuais subprodutos de oxidação. Para tempo de contato de 10 min e dose de cloro de 1,5 mg.L-1, foi observada remoção média de 61% para DCF, 36% para E2 e 33% para SMX. Apenas para o DCF verificou-se diferença estatisticamente significativa (α=0,05 para dose de cloro de 3,0 mg.L-1. A oxidação seguiu modelo cinético de pseudossegunda ordem, com valores de k2 de 0,0168 L.µg.min-1 para SMX (para ambas doses testadas, de 0,0133 e 0,0798 L.µg.min-1 para DCF, e de 0,0326 e 0,0289 L.µg.min-1 para E2, para doses de cloro de 1,5 e 3,0 mg.L-1, respectivamente. Por fim, verificou-se que o aumento do tempo de contato favoreceu a oxidação dos fármacos, ainda que com a perspectiva de formação de subprodutos para SMX e E2.

  17. CDC Signos Vitales-Alcohol y embarazo ¿Por qué correr el riesgo? (Alcohol and Pregnancy: Why Take the Risk?)

    Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Podcasts

    2016-02-02

    Este podcast se basa en la edición de febrero del 2016 del informe de Signos Vitales de los CDC. Más de 3 millones de mujeres en los EE. UU. tienen riesgo de exponer a su bebé en gestación al alcohol. Beber alcohol durante el embarazo puede causar discapacidades físicas, del comportamiento e intelectuales que pueden afectar a los niños de por vida. Sepa qué se puede hacer para mantener a los bebés en gestación sanos.  Created: 2/2/2016 by National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (NCCDPHP).   Date Released: 2/2/2016.

  18. The role of natural ventilation in the exposure to radon in the Postojna Cave

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gregorič, A.; Smerajec, M.; Vaupotič, J.

    2012-04-01

    periods (spring and autumn), focusing on the unattached fraction of RnDP (fun), a key parameter in radon dosimetry. Dose conversion factors (DCF) were calculated (using Porstendörfer approach) from measured fun for the four periods and compared with recommended DCF, based on the results of epidemiological studies. Results of calculated DCF are in the range from 8-18 mSV WLM-1, much higher that recommended values, and differ significantly for summer and winter period. The lowest value of DCF was calculated for winter period, when the enhanced inflow of cold outside air introduces outdoor aerosols into the cave and consequently lowers fun. On the other hand, calculated DCF during summer period was significantly higher, caused by high fun, which is the consequence of very low particle concentration in cave air during summer ventilation regime. Taking into account also significantly higher radon concentration during summer, when about 70 % of visits is recorded, it is evident, that personnel receives the highest annual dose during summer months.

  19. Verbal contents expressed by mothers of preterm infants with clinical emotional symptoms Contenido verbal expresado por las madres de bebés prematuros con síntomas emocionales clínicos Conteúdos verbais expressos por mães de bebês prematuros com sintomas emocionais clínicos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luciana Leonetti Correia

    2008-02-01

    ás expresiones referentes a la primera categoría que el Grupo MSIE. La identificación de los sentimientos y reacciones de las madres de neonatos prematuros y de los síntomas emocionales clínicos deben ser incluidas para realizar una adecuada intervención en el desarrollo individualizado del bebé en una UTIN.O objetivo do estudo foi caracterizar os conteúdos verbais maternos expressos durante intervenção de apoio psicológico. A amostra foi composta por 20 mães de neonatos pré-termo com muito baixo peso, internados em UTI Neonatal, distribuída em 10 mães com indicadores clínicos emocionais (MCIE e 10 mães sem estes indicadores (MSIE, avaliadas pelos Inventários de Depressão de Beck e de Ansiedade Traço-Estado. As verbalizações maternas expressas no grupo de apoio foram gravadas, transcritas e categorizadas. Os resultados mostraram que as categorias sobre sentimentos ou reações maternas com conotação negativa ou conotação positiva e comunicação com a equipe de saúde foram as mais freqüentes. Na comparação entre os grupos, o Grupo MCIE verbalizou mais expressões referentes à primeira categoria quando comparado ao Grupo MSIE. A identificação dos sentimentos e reações de mães de neonatos pré-termo e dos sintomas emocionais clínicos deve ser incluída para adequada intervenção em cuidado desenvolvimental em UTIN.

  20. Benign Essential Blepharospasm

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... the same for many years; and, in rare cases, improve spontaneously. Clinical Trials Throughout the U.S. and Worldwide NINDS Clinical Trials Related ... Definition Benign essential blepharospasm (BEB) is a progressive neurological ...

  1. TECNOLOGIA, AMBIENTE E INTERAÇÕES NA PROMOÇÃO DA SAÚDE AO RECÉM- NASCIDO E SUA FAMÍLIA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Márcia Maria Coelho Oliveira

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Estudio de caso, de naturaleza cualitativa, con el objetivo de analizar los cuidados ambientales y las interacciones entre el equipo de enfermería, el recién nacido (RN prematuro hospitalizado y su familia como una estrategia para la promoción de la salud en unidad de vigilancia intensiva neonatal (UVIN, en Fortaleza-Ce. En junio del 2008, se utilizó para la recogida de datos, la obser- vación de los cuidados de Enfermería al RN, y también los registros del historial médico del recién nacido. Para el análisis, fueron creadas tres categorías que surgieron de las articulaciones establecidas entre los fundamentos de las interacciones: profesional/ bebé, profesional/familiares y profesional/binomio madre/bebé. Se puede concluir que en este entorno, se exige que el profesional esté en consonancia con el bebé, con la madre y el equipo del hospital. A su vez, la evolución tecnológica afecta el ambiente y la capacidad del ′′saber hacer” del profesional, tornando posible la realización de prácticas de promoción de la salud en las unidades críticas, mediante una atención de calidad, humana y personalizada a los recién nacidos y su familiares.

  2. Incentivando o vínculo mãe-filho em situação de prematuridade: as intervenções de enfermagem no Hospital das Clínicas de Ribeirão Preto

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carmen Gracinda Silvan Scochi

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo é descrever as ações da enfermagem realizadas nas unidades neonatais de risco de um hospital-escola de Ribeirão Preto-USP, no sentido de favorecer o vínculo e apego mãe-filho em situação de prematuridade. A enfermeira acompanha os pais na primeira visita, procurando apoiá-los e informando-os sobre os equipamentos que cercam o recém-nascido, incentivando o contato pele-a-pele, o toque e a fala. O acesso e permanência dos pais junto aos bebês de risco são liberados.Foi implantado programa de visitas dos avós e irmãos do prematuro aos bebês, mesmo quando em cuidado intensivo, incentivando o contato familiar. Os pais participam de um grupo de apoio, juntamente com outros pais que passam pela experiência de terem seus filhos prematuros em estado grave e hospitalizados. Consideramos que a nossa experiência tem favorecido o estabelecimento do vínculo e apego mãe-filho e família, observando-se maior interação da família com o bebê, em especial da mãe, e maior interesse no aprendizado de seus cuidados, além da satisfação manifestada pela assistência recebida.

  3. Komparativ analyse - Scandinavian Airlines & Norwegian Air Shuttle

    OpenAIRE

    Kallesen, Martin Nystrup; Singh, Ravi Pal; Boesen, Nana Wiaberg

    2017-01-01

    The project is based around a pondering of how that a company the size of Scandinavian Airlines or Norwegian Air Shuttle use their Finances and how they see their external environment. This has led to us researching the relationship between the companies and their finances as well as their external environment, and how they differ in both.To do this we have utilised a myriad of different methods to analyse the companies, including PESTEL, SWOT, TOWS; DCF, risk analysis, Sensitivity, Porter’s ...

  4. Estudo comparativo do desenvolvimento sensório-motor de recém-nascidos prematuros da unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal e do método canguru - doi:10.5020/18061230.2005.p191

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luciana Andrade da Mota

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available O Método Canguru é uma alternativa ao método tradicional de assistência a bebês prematuros de baixo peso, que preconiza o contato pele a pele precoce, entre mãe e filho, 24 horas por dia, garantindo-lhes estímulos sensoriais e motores e maior participação dos pais no cuidado de seu bebê. A Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI Neonatal é destinada ao tratamento de recém-nascidos prematuros com algum problema ao nascer. Objetivou-se comparar o desenvolvimento sensório-motor de recém-nascidos prematuros (RNPt da UTI Neonatal e do Método Canguru. Realizou-se um estudo comparativo, prospectivo e observacional, no Hospital Geral Dr. César Cals, em Fortaleza – CE, de agosto a outubro de 2004, com 14 RNPt, sendo 07 de cada grupo, com peso inferior a 2000g e idade gestacional entre 30 e 37 semanas. A avaliação foi semanal até a alta hospitalar ou até completarem a idade corrigida de 40 semanas, pelo método Dubowitz e Amiel-Tison, com análise de tônus muscular, respostas sensório-motoras, ganho de peso e tempo de internação. Como resultado, observou-se que os bebês do Método Canguru apresentaram melhores respostas sensório-motoras, comprovadas a partir da constatação de um menor grau de estresse, melhores respostas reflexas, movimentação espontânea e tônus muscular, e menor tempo de internação, permanecendo mais tempo em estado de alerta e interagindo bem com o ambiente e a mãe. Conclui-se que o Método Canguru mostrou-se uma alternativa mais eficaz de assistência a RNPt de baixo peso, pois proporcionou melhores resultados quanto às atividades sensório-motor dos bebês, se comparados à UTI Neonatal.

  5. Two Strategies for the Development of Mitochondrion-Targeted Small Molecule Radiation Damage Mitigators

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rwigema, Jean-Claude M.; Beck, Barbara; Wang Wei; Doemling, Alexander; Epperly, Michael W.; Shields, Donna; Goff, Julie P.; Franicola, Darcy; Dixon, Tracy; Frantz, Marie-Celine; Wipf, Peter; Tyurina, Yulia; Kagan, Valerian E.; Wang, Hong

    2011-01-01

    Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of mitigation of acute ionizing radiation damage by mitochondrion-targeted small molecules. Methods and Materials: We evaluated the ability of nitroxide-linked alkene peptide isostere JP4-039, the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor-linked alkene peptide esostere MCF201-89, and the p53/mdm2/mdm4 protein complex inhibitor BEB55 to mitigate radiation effects by clonogenic survival curves with the murine hematopoietic progenitor cell line 32D cl 3 and the human bone marrow stromal (KM101) and pulmonary epithelial (IB3) cell lines. The p53-dependent mechanism of action was tested with p53 +/+ and p53 -/- murine bone marrow stromal cell lines. C57BL/6 NHsd female mice were injected i.p. with JP4-039, MCF201-89, or BEB55 individually or in combination, after receiving 9.5 Gy total body irradiation (TBI). Results: Each drug, JP4-039, MCF201-89, or BEB55, individually or as a mixture of all three compounds increased the survival of 32D cl 3 (p = 0.0021, p = 0.0011, p = 0.0038, and p = 0.0073, respectively) and IB3 cells (p = 0.0193, p = 0.0452, p = 0.0017, and p = 0.0019, respectively) significantly relative to that of control irradiated cells. KM101 cells were protected by individual drugs (p = 0.0007, p = 0.0235, p = 0.0044, respectively). JP4-039 and MCF201-89 increased irradiation survival of both p53 +/+ (p = 0.0396 and p = 0.0071, respectively) and p53 -/- cells (p = 0.0007 and p = 0.0188, respectively), while BEB55 was ineffective with p53 -/- cells. Drugs administered individually or as a mixtures of all three after TBI significantly increased mouse survival (p = 0.0234, 0.0009, 0.0052, and 0.0167, respectively). Conclusion: Mitochondrial targeting of small molecule radiation mitigators decreases irradiation-induced cell death in vitro and prolongs survival of lethally irradiated mice.

  6. First-line dose-dense chemotherapy with docetaxel, cisplatin, folinic acid and 5-fluorouracil (DCF) plus panitumumab in patients with locally advanced or metastatic cancer of the stomach or gastroesophageal junction: final results and biomarker analysis from an Italian oncology group for clinical research (GOIRC) phase II study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tomasello, Gianluca; Valeri, Nicola; Ghidini, Michele; Smyth, Elizabeth C; Liguigli, Wanda; Toppo, Laura; Mattioli, Rodolfo; Curti, Alessandra; Hahne, Jens C; Negri, Federica M; Panni, Stefano; Ratti, Margherita; Lazzarelli, Silvia; Gerevini, Fabiana; Colombi, Chiara; Panni, Andrea; Rovatti, Massimo; Treccani, Leonardo; Martinotti, Mario; Passalacqua, Rodolfo

    2017-12-19

    Survival for patients with advanced gastroesophageal cancer (AGC) using standard treatment regimens is poor. EGFR overexpression is common in AGC and associated with poor prognosis. We hypothesized that increasing the dose intensity of chemotherapy and adding panitumumab could improve efficacy. HER2 negative, PS 0-1 patients, received up to 4 cycles of panitumumab 6 mg/kg d 1, docetaxel 60 mg/m2 d 1, cisplatin 50 mg/m2 d 1, l-folinic acid 100 mg/m2 d 1-2, followed by 5-FU 400 mg/m2 bolus d 1-2, and then 600 mg/m2 as a 22 h c.i. on d 1-2, q15 d, plus pegfilgrastim 6 mg on d 3. Patients with disease control after 4 cycles received panitumumab until progression. From 05/2010 to 01/2014, 52 patients (75% male; median age 64.5 y; metastatic 90%, locally advanced 10%; 96% adenocarcinoma; 25% GEJ) were recruited. Three CR, 29 PR, 10 SD and 8 PD were observed, for an ORR by ITT (primary endpoint) of 62% (95% CI, 48%-75%) and a DCR of 81%. Median TTP was 4.9 months (95% CI, 4.2-7.0) and mOS 10 months (95% CI, 8.2- 13.5). Most frequent G3-4 toxicities: leucopenia (29%), asthenia (27%), skin rash (25%), neutropenia (19%), anorexia (17%), febrile neutropenia (13%), and diarrhea (15%). EGFR expression tested both with dd-PCR and FISH was not associated with any significant clinical benefit from treatment. Dose-dense DCF plus panitumumab is an active regimen. However, the toxicity profile of this limits further development. Further research on predictive biomarkers for treatment efficacy in AGC is required.Clinical trial information: 2009-016962-10.

  7. Cyto-genotoxicity and oxidative stress in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to a mixture of ibuprofen and diclofenac.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Islas-Flores, Hariz; Manuel Gómez-Oliván, Leobardo; Galar-Martínez, Marcela; Michelle Sánchez-Ocampo, Esmeralda; SanJuan-Reyes, Nely; Ortíz-Reynoso, Mariana; Dublán-García, Octavio

    2017-05-01

    Thirty million people worldwide consume each day nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), a heterogeneous group of pharmaceuticals used for its analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Recent studies report high NSAID concentrations in wastewater treatment plant effluents, in surface, ground, and drinking water, and in sediments. NSAIDs are also known to induce toxicity on aquatic organisms. However, toxicity in natural ecosystems is not usually the result of exposure to a single substance but to a mixture of toxic agents, yet only a few studies have evaluated the toxicity of mixtures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity induced by diclofenac (DCF), ibuprofen (IBP), and their mixture on a species of commercial interest, the common carp Cyprinus carpio. The median lethal concentration of IBP and DCF was determined, and oxidative stress was evaluated using the following biomarkers: lipid peroxidation and activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Cyto-genotoxicity was evaluated by micronucleus test, comet assay, and the specific activity of caspase-3. Results show that DCF, IBP, and a mixture of these pharmaceuticals induced free radical production, oxidative stress and cyto-genotoxicity in tissues of C. carpio. However, a greater effect was elicited by the mixture than by either pharmaceutical alone in some biomarkers evaluated, particularly in gill. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1637-1650, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  8. Using APV (adjusted present value): a better tool for valuing operations.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Luehrman, T A

    1997-01-01

    Anyone who learned valuation techniques more than a few years ago is probably due for a refresher course. For the past 25 years, managers have been taught that the best practice for valuing assets-that is, an existing business, factory, product line, or market position-is to use a discounted-cash-flow (DCF) methodology. That is still true. But the particular version of DCF that has been accepted as the standard-using the weighted-average cost of capital (WACC)-is now obsolete. Today's better alternative, adjusted present value (APV), is especially versatile and reliable. It will likely replace WACC as the DCF methodology of choice among generalists. Like WACC, APV is used to value operations, or assets-in-place-that is, any existing asset that will generate a stream of future cash flows. Timothy Luehrman explains APV and walks readers through a case example designed to teach them how to use it. He argues that APV always works when WACC does-and sometimes when WACC doesn't, because it requires fewer restrictive assumptions. And APV is less prone to yield serious errors than WACC is. But, most important, general managers will find that APV's power lies in the managerially relevant information it provides. APV can help managers analyze not only how much an asset is worth but also where the value comes from.

  9. Evaluation of Antiradical and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Ethyl Acetate and Butanolic Subfractions of Agelanthus dodoneifolius (DC. Polhill & Wiens (Loranthaceae Using Equine Myeloperoxidase and Both PMA-Activated Neutrophils and HL-60 Cells

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rainatou Boly

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available The ethyl acetate and n-butanolic subfractions of Agelanthus dodoneifolius were investigated for their antioxidant and antimyeloperoxidase (MPO activities. The reactive oxygen species (ROS generation was assessed by lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence (CL and dichlorofluorescein- (DCF- induced fluorescence techniques from phorbol myristate acetate- (PMA- stimulated equine neutrophils and human myeloid cell line HL-60, respectively. In parallel, the effects of the tested subfractions were evaluated on the total MPO release by stimulated neutrophils and on the specific MPO activity by means of immunological assays. The results showed the potent activity of the butanolic subfraction, at least in respect of the chemiluminescence test (IC50 = 0.3±0.1 µg/mL and the ELISA and SIEFED assays (IC50 = 2.8±1.2 µg/mL and 1.3±1.0 µg/mL, respectively. However, the ethyl acetate subfraction was found to be the most potent in the DCF assay as at the highest concentration, DCF fluorescence intensity decreases of about 50%. Moreover, we demonstrated that the ethyl acetate subfraction was rich in catechin (16.51% while it was not easy to identify the main compounds in the butanolic subfraction using the UPLC-MS/MS technique. Nevertheless, taken together, our results provide evidence that Agelanthus dodoneifolius subfractions may represent potential sources of natural antioxidants and of antimyeloperoxidase compounds.

  10. Evaluation of the Terminal Sequencing and Spacing System for Performance Based Navigation Arrivals

    Science.gov (United States)

    Thipphavong, Jane; Jung, Jaewoo; Swenson, Harry N.; Martin, Lynne; Lin, Melody; Nguyen, Jimmy

    2013-01-01

    NASA has developed the Terminal Sequencing and Spacing (TSS) system, a suite of advanced arrival management technologies combining timebased scheduling and controller precision spacing tools. TSS is a ground-based controller automation tool that facilitates sequencing and merging arrivals that have both current standard ATC routes and terminal Performance-Based Navigation (PBN) routes, especially during highly congested demand periods. In collaboration with the FAA and MITRE's Center for Advanced Aviation System Development (CAASD), TSS system performance was evaluated in human-in-the-loop (HITL) simulations with currently active controllers as participants. Traffic scenarios had mixed Area Navigation (RNAV) and Required Navigation Performance (RNP) equipage, where the more advanced RNP-equipped aircraft had preferential treatment with a shorter approach option. Simulation results indicate the TSS system achieved benefits by enabling PBN, while maintaining high throughput rates-10% above baseline demand levels. Flight path predictability improved, where path deviation was reduced by 2 NM on average and variance in the downwind leg length was 75% less. Arrivals flew more fuel-efficient descents for longer, spending an average of 39 seconds less in step-down level altitude segments. Self-reported controller workload was reduced, with statistically significant differences at the p less than 0.01 level. The RNP-equipped arrivals were also able to more frequently capitalize on the benefits of being "Best-Equipped, Best- Served" (BEBS), where less vectoring was needed and nearly all RNP approaches were conducted without interruption.

  11. SrBeB2O5: Growth, crystal structure and optical properties

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yao, Wenjiao; Wang, Xiaoshan; Huang, Hongwei; Xu, Tao; Jiang, Xingxing; Wang, Xiaoyang; Lin, Zheshuai; Chen, Chuangtian

    2014-01-01

    Graphical abstract: The crystal displays a layered configuration along c axis with the wrinkled infinite (BeB 2 O 5 ) ∞ layers. Display Omitted - Highlights: • A new beryllium borate SrBeB 2 O 5 was synthesized. • A layered structure (BeB 2 O 5 ) ∞ was formed by BO 3 triangles and B/BeO 4 tetrahedrons. • SrBeB 2 O 5 has a very wide transparency range of wavelengths from 200 nm to 1800 nm. • A-site ions impact greatly on the structures of beryllium borates. - Abstract: A novel beryllium borate SrBeB 2 O 5 is discovered for the first time through traditional solid state reaction and high temperature solution method. The framework of the structure is composed by two-dimensional [BeB 2 O 5 ] layers determined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. The further structural analysis of beryllium borates reveals that the arrangement of anionic groups attributes to the structural stability. Moreover, the influences of the A-site cations on the structural features of fundamental building blocks in the alkaline or alkaline earth beryllium borates are discussed. The UV–Vis–NIR diffuse-reflectance pattern reveals that this compound has a very wide transparency range of wavelengths down to 200 nm. In addition, the properties of SrBeB 2 O 5 were also characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and IR spectroscopy

  12. Dientes supernumerarios y atresia maxilar: Tratamiento orto-quirúrgico en Odontopediatría. Relato de un caso clínico: 5 años de seguimiento

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    MS Sampaio

    Full Text Available Se describe a los dientes supernumerarios o hiperodoncia como el aumento del número de órganos dentarios comparado con la dentición normal. Todos los dientes supernumerarios deben ser extraídos, respetando el momento ideal para su remoción quirúrgica, evaluando siempre el momento oportuno para intervenir. En el presente trabajo las autoras presentan un caso clínico de una paciente de sexo femenino, que tuvo un seguimiento durante cinco años a partir de los 6 meses de edad asistida en el Curso de Extensión universitaria Bebé Clínica de la Universidad Federal de Río Grande del Sur. Durante sus visitas periódicas de revisión odontológica correspondientes al programa de la Bebé Clínica, se diagnosticó clínicamente la presencia de mordida cruzada anterior, atresia maxilar y radiográficamente la presencia de dos elementos supernumerarios. Frente a este diagnóstico, es necesario un planteamiento multidisciplinario, o sea, orto-quirúrgico para la realización del tratamiento, destacando una vez más, la importancia de la atención odontológica del bebé y el diagnóstico precoz de posibles alteraciones como en el caso clínico en cuestión; la presencia de elementos supernumerarios y maloclusión dentaria

  13. Monoclonal antibody against Porphyromonas (Bacteroides) endodontalis lipopolysaccharide and application of the antibody for direct identification of the species.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hanazawa, S; Sagiya, T; Kitami, H; Ohta, K; Nishikawa, H; Kitano, S

    1991-01-01

    The aim of the present study was to develop a monoclonal antibody that recognizes the shared antigen of Porphyromonas endodontalis so that we could use the antibody in direct identification and detection of P. endodontalis in infectious material from apical periodontal patients. We established a hybridoma cell line producing monoclonal antibody (BEB5) specific for P. endodontalis. BEB5 antibody reacted with all of the P. endodontalis strains tested, but not with any of the other black-pigmented Porphyromonas and Bacteroides spp. The antibody reacted specifically with the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of three P. endodontalis strains of different serotypes (O1K1, O1K2, and O1K-). Western blotting (immunoblotting) analysis confirmed the specificity of the antibody to these LPSs, because the antibody recognized the typical "repetitive ladder" pattern characteristic of LPS on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide electrophoretic gels. These observations demonstrate that P. endodontalis LPS is the shared antigen of this species. The antibody can specifically identify P. endodontalis on nitrocellulose membrane blots of bacterial colonies grown on agar. The antibody is also capable of directly detecting the presence of P. endodontalis in infectious material by immunoslot blot assay. These results indicate that LPS is the shared antigen of P. endodontalis and that BEB5 antibody against LPS is a useful one for direct identification and detection of the organisms in samples from apical periodontal patients. Images PMID:1774262

  14. Intervenções frente ao nascimento prematuro: uma revisão teórica = Interventions facing premature birth: a theoretical review

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Brum, Evanisa Helena Maio

    2005-01-01

    Resultados e conclusões: Na saúde coletiva, a atenção aos cuidados da criança sofreu uma evolução histórica. Atualmente, observa-se uma preocupação não só em relação à criança, mas também em relação aos bebês que necessitam tratamento intensivo neonatal. Este interesse engloba tanto cuidados tecnológicos quanto o bem-estar psicobiológico e social do bebê. As intervenções com recém-nascidos prematuros internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal vêm sendo consideradas positivas no campo da Saúde Coletiva, tais como os procedimentos técnicos dos profissionais que atendem os prematuros, escalas utilizadas, o modelo Touchpoints, apoio e informação aos pais

  15. Electrospun poly-l-lactide scaffold for the controlled and targeted delivery of a synthetically obtained Diclofenac prodrug to treat actinic keratosis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Piccirillo, Germano; Bochicchio, Brigida; Pepe, Antonietta; Schenke-Layland, Katja; Hinderer, Svenja

    2017-04-01

    Actinic Keratosis' (AKs) are small skin lesions that are related to a prolonged sun-damage, which can develop into invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) when left untreated. Effective, specific and well tolerable therapies to cure AKs are still of great interest. Diclofenac (DCF) is the current gold standard for the local treatment of AKs in terms of costs, effectiveness, side effects and tolerability. In this work, an electrospun polylactic acid (PLA) scaffold loaded with a synthetic DCF prodrug was developed and characterized. Specifically, the prodrug was successfully synthetized by binding DCF to a glycine residue via solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) and then incorporated in an electrospun PLA scaffold. The drug encapsulation was verified using multiphoton microscopy (MPM) and its scaffold release was spectrophotometrically monitored and confirmed with MPM. The scaffold was further characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), tensile testing and contact angle measurements. Its biocompatibility was verified by performing a cell proliferation assay and compared to PLA scaffolds containing the same amount of DCF sodium salt (DCFONa). Finally, the effect of the electrospun scaffolds on human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) morphology and metabolism was investigated by combining MPM with fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). The obtained results suggest that the obtained scaffold could be suitable for the controlled and targeted delivery of the synthesized prodrug for the treatment of AKs. Electrospun scaffolds are of growing interest as materials for a controlled drug delivery. In this work, an electrospun polylactic acid scaffold containing a synthetically obtained Diclofenac prodrug is proposed as a novel substrate for the topical treatment of actinic keratosis. A controlled drug delivery targeted to the area of interest could enhance the efficacy of the therapy and favor the healing process. The prodrug was synthesized via solid phase

  16. A novel model for NSAID induced gastroenteropathy in rats.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Singh, Devendra Pratap; Borse, Swapnil P; Nivsarkar, Manish

    2016-01-01

    Progress in management of Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) induced gastrointestinal toxicity requires the availability of appropriate experimental animal models that are as close to humans as feasible. Our objective was to develop a rat model for NSAID-induced gastroenteropathy and also to simulate the common clinical scenario of co-administration of NSAID and proton pump inhibitor (PPI) to explore if PPI contribute to exacerbation of NSAID-enteropathy. Rats were treated twice daily with pantoprazole sodium (PTZ; 10mg/kg peroral) or vehicle for a total of 10days. In some experiments, Diclofenac sodium (DCF; 9mg/kg) or vehicle was administered orally twice daily for the final 5days of PTZ/vehicle administration. After the last dose on 9th day, rats in all the groups were fasted but water was provided ad libitum. 12h after the last dose on 10th day, rats in all the groups were euthanized and their gastrointestinal tracts were assessed for haemorrhagic lesions, lipid peroxidation, intestinal permeability and gastrointestinal luminal pH alterations. Changes in haemoglobin, haematocrit and serum levels of albumin, total protein, ALT and bilirubin were calculated. The macroscopic and histological evidence suggested that administration of DCF resulted in significant gastroenteropathic damage and co-administration of PTZ resulted in significant exacerbation of NSAID enteropathy, while attenuation of NSAID induced gastropathy was observed. Our results were further supported by the significant decrease in haemoglobin and haematocrit levels and serum levels of albumin and total proteins, an increase in oxidative stress and intestinal permeability with the use of DCF either alone or in combination with PTZ. This model was developed to simulate the human clinical situation during NSAID therapy and indeed the present DCF regimen caused both gastric and small bowel alterations, such as multiple erosive lesions, together with a decrease in haemoglobin, haematocrit

  17. Milk Allergy in Infants

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... Safe Videos for Educators Search English Español Milk Allergy in Infants KidsHealth / For Parents / Milk Allergy in ... Alergia a la leche en bebés About Milk Allergy People of any age can have a milk ...

  18. Associação entre o ângulo de Norberg, o percentual de cobertura da cabeça femoral, o índice cortical e o ângulo de inclinação em cães com displasia coxofemoral Associations among Norberg angle, percentage of femoral head coverage, cortico-medullary index, and femoral inclination angle in dogs with hip dysplasia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    G.L.T. Vieira

    2010-10-01

    Full Text Available Foram avaliadas 386 radiografias da articulação coxofemoral, sendo 220 de cães da raça Pastor Alemão, 112 machos e 108 fêmeas, e 166 da raça Labrador Retriever, 69 machos e 97 fêmeas. As radiografias foram classificadas segundo o grau de displasia coxofemoral (DCF, e foram mensurados o ângulo de inclinação, o ângulo de Norberg, o índice cortical e o percentual de cobertura da cabeça femoral de ambos os lados. As variáveis foram associadas mediante análise estatística multivariada de componentes principais. As variáveis índice cortical e ângulo de inclinação foram inversamente associadas. A raça Pastor Alemão apresentou valores de índice cortical e graus de DCF mais baixos em relação à raça Labrador Retriever. Maior ângulo de inclinação foi associado a menor ângulo de Norberg e menor percentual de cobertura. Animais mais velhos apresentaram menor ângulo de Norberg, menor porcentagem de cobertura e maior grau de DCF. Nas fêmeas, foram observados menor porcentagem de cobertura, menor ângulo de Norberg e maior grau de DCF. Pode-se concluir que o ângulo de inclinação e o índice cortical não demonstraram associação com a DCF.A total of 386 radiographs of the pelvis were evaluated, being 220 of German Shepherd dogs (112 males and 108 females and 166 of Labrador Retrievers (69 males and 97 females. The radiographs were degree classified regarding the of hip dysplasia (DHD. The Norberg and inclination angles, the cortico-medullary index, and the percentage coverage of the femoral head were measured and associated using multivariate statistical technique (principal component analysis. The cortico-medullary index and the inclination angle were inversely associated. The results indicated that German Shepherd Dogs showed lower cortico-medullary index and DHD compared with Labrador Retrievers. The higher the inclination angle, the lower the Norberg angle and percentage coverage of the femoral head. It was observed

  19. Manipulation of environmental oxygen modifies reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generation during myogenesis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rachel McCormick

    2016-08-01

    Data demonstrate that satellite cell proliferation increased when cells were grown in 6% O2 compared with 20% O2. Myoblasts grown in 20% O2 showed an increase in DCF fluorescence and DHE oxidation compared with myoblasts grown at 6% O2. Myotubes grown in 20% O2 also showed an increase in DCF and DAF-FM fluorescence and DHE oxidation compared with myotubes grown in 6% O2. The catalase and MnSOD contents were also increased in myoblasts and myotubes that were maintained in 20% O2 compared with myoblasts and myotubes grown in 6% O2. These data indicate that intracellular RONS activities in myoblasts and myotubes at rest are influenced by changes in environmental oxygen concentration and that the increased ROS may influence myogenesis in a negative manner.

  20. Ultrafast electron and energy transfer in dye-sensitized iron oxide and oxyhydroxide nanoparticles

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Gilbert, Benjamin; Katz, Jordan E.; Huse, Nils

    2013-01-01

    photo-initiated interfacial electron transfer. This approach enables time-resolved study of the fate and mobility of electrons within the solid phase. However, complete analysis of the ultrafast processes following dye photoexcitation of the sensitized iron(iii) oxide nanoparticles has not been reported....... We addressed this topic by performing femtosecond transient absorption (TA) measurements of aqueous suspensions of uncoated and DCF-sensitized iron oxide and oxyhydroxide nanoparticles, and an aqueous iron(iii)–dye complex. Following light absorption, excited state relaxation times of the dye of 115...... a four-state model of the dye-sensitized system, finding electron and energy transfer to occur on the same ultrafast timescale. The interfacial electron transfer rates for iron oxides are very close to those previously reported for DCF-sensitized titanium dioxide (for which dye–oxide energy transfer...

  1. BDML Metadata: 173 [SSBD[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available NC-SA 0.180 af0395dc-f2a1-4e46-9a3b-28e282ab0526 0.105 x 0.105 x 0.5 (micrometer), 40 (second) http://ssbd.qbic.riken.jp/data.../source/Ce_KK_P002/RNAi_R10E4.4_061107_02.zip http://ssbd.qbic.riken.jp/data.../bdml/Ce_KK_P002/RNAi_R10E4.4_061107_02.bdml0.18.xml http://ssbd.qbic.riken.jp/data/pdpml/Ce_KK_...P002.pdpml0.06.xml http://ssbd.qbic.riken.jp/search/af0395dc-f2a1-4e46-9a3b-28e282ab0526/ http://ssbd.qbic.riken.jp/omero/webclient/?show=dataset-88 ...

  2. A network architecture for precision formation flying using the IEEE 802.11 MAC Protocol

    Science.gov (United States)

    Clare, Loren P.; Gao, Jay L.; Jennings, Esther H.; Okino, Clayton

    2005-01-01

    Precision Formation Flying missions involve the tracking and maintenance of spacecraft in a desired geometric formation. The strong coupling of spacecraft in formation flying control requires inter-spacecraft communication to exchange information. In this paper, we present a network architecture that supports PFF control, from the initial random deployment phase to the final formation. We show that a suitable MAC layer for the application protocol is IEEE's 802.11 MAC protocol. IEEE 802.11 MAC has two modes of operations: DCF and PCF. We show that DCF is suitable for the initial deployment phase while switching to PCF when the spacecraft are in formation improves jitter and throughput. We also consider the effect of routing on protocol performance and suggest when it is profitable to turn off route discovery to achieve better network performance.

  3. Aerosol direct radiative effects over the northwest Atlantic, northwest Pacific, and North Indian Oceans: estimates based on in-situ chemical and optical measurements and chemical transport modeling

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    T. S. Bates

    2006-01-01

    transfer calculations by observational inputs increases the clear-sky, 24-h averaged AOD (34±8%, top of atmosphere (TOA DRE (32±12%, and TOA direct climate forcing of aerosols (DCF – change in radiative flux due to anthropogenic aerosols (37±7% relative to values obtained with 'a priori' parameterizations of aerosol loadings and properties (GFDL RTM. The resulting constrained clear-sky TOA DCF is −3.3±0.47, −14±2.6, −6.4±2.1 Wm−2 for the NIO, NWP, and NWA, respectively. With the use of constrained quantities (extensive and intensive parameters the calculated uncertainty in DCF was 25% less than the 'structural uncertainties' used in the IPCC-2001 global estimates of direct aerosol climate forcing. Such comparisons with observations and resultant reductions in uncertainties are essential for improving and developing confidence in climate model calculations incorporating aerosol forcing.

  4. Near Real Time Change-Point detection in Optical and Thermal Infrared Time Series Using Bayesian Inference over the Dry Chaco Forest

    Science.gov (United States)

    Barraza Bernadas, V.; Grings, F.; Roitberg, E.; Perna, P.; Karszenbaum, H.

    2017-12-01

    The Dry Chaco region (DCF) has the highest absolute deforestation rates of all Argentinian forests. The most recent report indicates a current deforestation rate of 200,000 Ha year-1. In order to better monitor this process, DCF was chosen to implement an early warning program for illegal deforestation. Although the area is intensively studied using medium resolution imagery (Landsat), the products obtained have a yearly pace and therefore unsuited for an early warning program. In this paper, we evaluated the performance of an online Bayesian change-point detection algorithm for MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) and Land Surface Temperature (LST) datasets. The goal was to to monitor the abrupt changes in vegetation dynamics associated with deforestation events. We tested this model by simulating 16-day EVI and 8-day LST time series with varying amounts of seasonality, noise, length of the time series and by adding abrupt changes with different magnitudes. This model was then tested on real satellite time series available through the Google Earth Engine, over a pilot area in DCF, where deforestation was common in the 2004-2016 period. A comparison with yearly benchmark products based on Landsat images is also presented (REDAF dataset). The results shows the advantages of using an automatic model to detect a changepoint in the time series than using only visual inspection techniques. Simulating time series with varying amounts of seasonality and noise, and by adding abrupt changes at different times and magnitudes, revealed that this model is robust against noise, and is not influenced by changes in amplitude of the seasonal component. Furthermore, the results compared favorably with REDAF dataset (near 65% of agreement). These results show the potential to combine LST and EVI to identify deforestation events. This work is being developed within the frame of the national Forest Law for the protection and sustainable development of Native Forest in Argentina in

  5. Si usted está embarazada, no fume

    Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Podcasts

    Este podcast explica los peligros de fumar durante el embarazo, tanto para la madre como para el bebé en desarrollo, y ofrece información sobre cómo buscar ayuda para dejar de fumar para siempre.

  6. An EOQ model for a deteriorating item with non-linear demand under inflation and a trade credit policy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Manna S.K.

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available This paper develops an infinite time-horizon deterministic economic order quantity (EOQ inventory model with deterioration based on discounted cash flows (DCF approach where demand rate is assumed to be non-linear over time. The effects of inflation and time-value of money are also taken into account under a trade-credit policy of type "α/T1 net T". The results are illustrated with a numerical example. Sensitivity analysis of the optimal solution with respect to the parameters of the system is carried out.

  7. Rehabilitation of the natural gas field Thoense with wet transport of natural gas; Sanierung des Erdgasfeldes Thoense unter Anwendung des Erdgasnasstransports

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Neumann, W.; Gerhartz, B.; Schmitt, D.; Uphoff, T. [BEB Erdgas und Erdoel GmbH, Hannover (Germany)

    1998-12-31

    Natural gas has been extracted the gas field of Thoense situated at the Northern fringe of the city of Hannover for over forty years. At all 10 bore sites the gas was dried with glycol dryers. While dealing with the problem of hydrocarbon emissions from the dryers it became evident, that some of the very old plants had to be rehabilitated. BEB operates the Thoense field on behalf of Elwerath/Brigitta/Deutz. An integrated concept, based on wet transport of natural gas, was used to remove the emission of hydrocarbons and rehabilitate the surface plants in order to cut operating costs. The field at Thoense is now economically efficient enough to continue operations for a long time. [Deutsch] Aus dem am nordoestlichen Stadtrand Hannovers liegenden Gasfeld Thoense wird seit ueber vierzig Jahren Erdgas gefoerdert. Die Gastrocknung erfolgte dort in ueblicher Weise mit Glykoltrocknungsanlagen an allen zehn Bohrungen. Bei der Bearbeitung des damit verbundenen Problems der Kohlenwasserstoffemissionen aus den Trocknungsanlagen wurde der Sanierungsbedarf an den z.T. sehr alten Anlagen deutlich. Das Feld Thoense wird von BEB fuer das Konsortium Elwerath/Brigitta/Deutz betrieben. Es wird gezeigt, wie mit einem integrierten Konzept auf der Basis des Erdgasnasstransportes die KW-Emissionen beseitigt wurden und gleichzeitig eine betriebskostensenkende Sanierung der obertaegigen Anlagen durchgefuehrt werden konnte. Damit wurde die wirtschaftliche Voraussetzung geschaffen, die Gasversorgung aus Thoense noch lange aufrecht erhalten zu koennen. (orig.)

  8. Maternidade e HIV: revisão da literatura brasileira (2000–2014

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daniela Centenaro Levandowski

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available La vivencia de la maternidad requiere una reorganización psíquica y social que, sumada a la presencia del VIH, puede resultar en una sobrecarga emocional. Este estudio objetiva retratar la vivencia de la maternidad en la vigencia del VIH, con base en una revisión de estudios empíricos brasileños publicados entre 2000 y 2014. En el análisis de nueve estudios fueron identificadas vivencias típicas de la transición hacia la maternidad, como preocupaciones con la salud del bebé y satisfacción con el papel materno, además de vivencias específicas impuestas por el VIH, particularmente frustración por no amamantar y ansiedad frente al diag- nóstico y al tratamiento antirretroviral del bebé. Investigaciones futuras deben considerar diferentes perfiles de madres que viven con el VIH (por ejemplo, de diferentes edades, niveles socioeconómicos, estructuras familiares y paridad, así como sobre la relación de pareja y el ejercicio de la paternidad, temas todavía poco explorados en la literatura. También estudios con diseño longitudinal son necesa- rios para ampliar la comprensión de la vivencia de la maternidad en la presencia de esa condición de salud.

  9. Modeling position-specific isotope fractionation of organic micropollutants degradation via different reaction pathways

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Jin, Biao; Rolle, Massimo

    : dichlorobenzamide (BAM), isoproturon (IPU) and diclofenac (DCF). The model successfully reproduces the multi-element isotope data, and precisely captures the dual element isotope trends, characterizing the different degradation pathways. Besides illustrating the model capability of mechanistic evaluation...

  10. 27_159 - 166_Abdullahi et al.,_Manuscript for BAJOPAS

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    user pc

    2017-12-02

    Dec 2, 2017 ... L STEM BARK EXTRACTS OF Jatropha curcas (Physic Nut). , Amina Shehu1, Ibrahim ... bial, anti-inflammatory, principles .... 5% parasitemia erythrocytes and mixed thoroughly. The sensitivity of ..... plasma membrane bebs in hepatocytes. Hepatology ... Antimicrobial screening and stability studies of crude ...

  11. Radiolytic degradation of diclofenac and 2,6-dichloroaniline in aqueous in solution

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Homlok, R.; Takacs, E.; Wojnarovits, L.

    2011-01-01

    Complete text of publication follows. The pharmaceutical companies in designing new molecules pay attention to the environmental toxicity of the drug; from the different variants they try to choose the less toxic one. However, metabolites, degradation products may also be toxic for the fauna and flora. For instance, diclofenac (DCF), a non steroid type anti inflammatory drug, is a moderately toxic compound. During its degradation 2,6-dichloroaniline (DCA) forms which is much more toxic than the initial molecule. In this work the radiation induced degradation of DCF and DCA is reported. The purpose of the work is the elimination of these compounds from water. The intermediates are studied using pulse radiolysis, while the degradation is followed by UV-VIS spectroscopy, separation by HPLC and products identification by diode array and MS-MS detection. The effect of dose, irradiation atmosphere, and additives are investigated. The change in chemical oxygen demand, in total organic carbon content and in toxicity of the solutions are also followed as a function of dose. The · OH radicals at both molecules add to the ring and this reaction initiates the degradation. In the case of DCF hydroxylated molecules, DCA, and quinone type compound form. In the presence of oxygen there is an increase in the hydroxylated product yield. Ring opening and mineralization is suggested to proceed through peroxy intermediates. In the case of DCA the hydroxy radical reaction is accompanied by chlorine atom elimination.

  12. Bacterial β-glucuronidase inhibition protects mice against enteropathy induced by indomethacin, ketoprofen or diclofenac: mode of action and pharmacokinetics.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Saitta, Kyle S; Zhang, Carmen; Lee, Kang Kwang; Fujimoto, Kazunori; Redinbo, Matthew R; Boelsterli, Urs A

    2014-01-01

    1.  We have previously demonstrated that a small molecule inhibitor of bacterial β-glucuronidase (Inh-1; [1-((6,8-dimethyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-3-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)thiourea]) protected mice against diclofenac (DCF)-induced enteropathy. Here we report that Inh-1 was equally protective against small intestinal injury induced by other carboxylic acid-containing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), indomethacin (10 mg/kg, ip) and ketoprofen (100 mg/kg, ip). 2.  Inh-1 provided complete protection if given prior to DCF (60 mg/kg, ip), and partial protection if administered 3-h post-DCF, suggesting that the temporal window of mucosal protection can be extended for drugs undergoing extensive enterohepatic circulation. 3.  Pharmacokinetic analysis of Inh-1 revealed an absolute bioavailability (F) of 21% and a short t1/2 of <1 h. This low F was shown to be due to hepatic first-pass metabolism, as confirmed with the pan-CYP inhibitor, 1-aminobenzotriazole. 4.  Using the fluorescent probe 5 (and 6)-carboxy-2',7'-dichlorofluorescein, we demonstrated that Inh-1 did not interfere with hepatobiliary export of glucuronides in gall bladder-cannulated mice. 5.  These data are compatible with the hypothesis that pharmacological inhibition of bacterial β-glucuronidase-mediated cleavage of NSAID glucuronides in the small intestinal lumen can protect against NSAID-induced enteropathy caused by locally high concentrations of NSAID aglycones.

  13. What's it worth? A general manager's guide to valuation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Luehrman, T A

    1997-01-01

    Behind every major resource-allocation decision a company makes lies some calculation of what that move is worth. So it is not surprising that valuation is the financial analytical skill general managers want to learn more than any other. Managers whose formal training is more than a few years old, however, are likely to have learned approaches that are becoming obsolete. What do generalists need in an updated valuation tool kit? In the 1970s, discounted-cash-flow analysis (DCF) emerged as best practice for valuing corporate assets. And one version of DCF-using the weighted-average cost of capital (WACC)-became the standard. Over the years, WACC has been used by most companies as a one-size-fits-all valuation tool. Today the WACC standard is insufficient. Improvements in computers and new theoretical insights have given rise to tools that outperform WACC in the three basic types of valuation problems managers face. Timothy Luehrman presents an overview of the three tools, explaining how they work and when to use them. For valuing operations, the DCF methodology of adjusted present value allows managers to break a problem into pieces that make managerial sense. For valuing opportunities, option pricing captures the contingent nature of investments in areas such as R&D and marketing. And for valuing ownership claims, the tool of equity cash flows helps managers value their company's stake in a joint venture, a strategic alliance, or an investment that uses project financing.

  14. Mechanism and kinetic considerations of TOC removal from the powdered activated carbon ozonation of diclofenac aqueous solutions.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Beltrán, Fernando J; Pocostales, J Pablo; Alvarez, Pedro M; Jaramillo, Josefa

    2009-09-30

    Ozonation of DCF in aqueous solution in the presence of powdered activated carbon (PAC) has been studied for mechanistic and kinetic purposes. The effects of gas flow rate, ozone gas concentration and initial TOC on the TOC elimination rate were then investigated. The use of PAC allows liquid-solid and internal diffusion mass transfer resistances being eliminated. Gas-liquid mass transfer resistance is also eliminated when ozonation is applied to DCF preozonated solutions. In the absence of mass transfer resistances a mechanism of reactions involving homogeneous and heterogeneous steps for TOC removal was proposed. From this mechanism a mathematical model constituted by mass balances of main species in water was established. Considerations about the changing nature of ozonation intermediates, as being promoters or inhibitors of ozone decomposition, is a key point to better predict the experimental concentrations of species present in this system.

  15. Cross-layer based adaptive wireless traffic control for per-flow and per-station fairness

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Siwamogsatham Siwaruk

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Abstract In the IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs, the bandwidth is not fairly shared among stations due to the distributed coordination function (DCF mechanism in the IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol. It introduces the per-flow and per-station unfairness problems between uplink and downlink flows, as the uplink flows usually dominate the downlink flows. In addition, some users may use greedy applications such as video streaming, which may prevent other applications from connecting to the Internet. In this article, we propose an adaptive cross-layer bandwidth allocation mechanism to provide per-station and per-flow fairness. To verify the effectiveness and scalability, our scheme is implemented on a wireless access router and numerous experiments in a typical wireless environment with both TCP and UDP traffic are conducted to evaluate performance of the proposed scheme.

  16. As constribuições de winnicott para a psicomotricidade relacional

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daiane da Rocha Keppeler

    2012-05-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho tem a intenção de fazer uma relação entre os estudos de Winnicott e a psicomotricidade relacional. Winnicott psicanalista infantil, através de suas vivências de consultório, construiu teorias sobre o espaço potencial criado entre a mãe e o bebê, o objeto transicional que faz a função de substituição da ausência da mãe e o brincar que através da simbolização expõe as frustrações das crianças. É então que a psicomotricidade relacional vem ao encontro com das teorias de Winnicott, pois a mesma proporciona o espaço para o lúdico e para que assim o mundo simbólico da criança seja exposto e que seja possível para o bebê superar a separação de sua mãe.

  17. Risk assessment future cash flows

    OpenAIRE

    Chachina H. G.

    2012-01-01

    This article is about risk assessment in planning future cash flows. Discount rate in DCF-model must include four factors: risk cash flow, inflation, value of investments, turnover assets. This has an influence net present value cash flow and make his incomparable.

  18. The Practice of Investment Appraisal

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    M.M. Akalu; J.R. Turner (Rodney)

    2001-01-01

    textabstractThis case study examines the capital budgeting practices of four companies operating in different industry. The findings indicate that most companies follow decentralised project decision-making. Despite the use of DCF techniques, there is a tendency to combine with the newly crafted

  19. 76 FR 78383 - Connect America Fund; A National Broadband Plan for Our Future; Establishing Just and Reasonable...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-12-16

    ... CONTACT: Amy Bender, Wireline Competition Bureau, (202) 418-1469, Victoria Goldberg, Wireline Competition... prices show relatively small variations, making another methodology more appropriate? For example, would... rates to determine the cost of equity. There are a number of different variations of DCF, including...

  20. Avaliação da participação de mães em um programa de prevenção e controle de cáries e doenças periodontais para lactentes Evaluación de la participación de madres en un programa de prevención y control de las enfermedades caries y periodontal para lactantes Assessment of mothers' participation in a program of prevention and control of caries and periodontal diseases for infants

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rubenice Amaral da Silva

    2013-03-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar o conhecimento sobre saúde bucal de mães participantes de um programa educativo-preventivo para lactentes. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte com 112 mães e seus bebês de 0 a 18 meses, cadastrados no projeto "Promoção de Saúde Bucal na Primeira Infância", da Universidade Federal do Maranhão. Inicialmente, entrevistas semiestruturadas que contemplavam o nível de conhecimento das mães sobre a saúde bucal dos bebês foram realizadas. Também foi examinada a cavidade bucal dos bebês a fim de detectar o nível de placa bacteriana, sangramento gengival e presença de cárie. Em seguida, palestras educativo-preventivas foram ministradas e, após um ano de acompanhamento, novas entrevistas foram realizadas, bem como o exame clínico. Para analisar os dados, foram utilizados os testes de qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher com nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: Antes das palestras educativas, 93% das mães executavam a higiene bucal de seus bebês e 57,3% a realizavam nos períodos diurno e noturno. Após as palestras, todas responderam executar os cuidados (p=0,02, sendo 74,7% nos períodos diurno e noturno (p=0,01. Não houve diferença quanto ao consumo de alimentos cariogênicos nos questionários inicial e final. Notou-se que, inicialmente, 5,6% das faces dentais apresentaram cárie; 29,7%, placa bacteriana; e 11,9%, sangramento gengival. Após as palestras, apenas 0,4% das faces dentais apresentaram cárie (pOBJETIVO: Evaluar el conocimiento sobre salud bucal de madres participantes de un programa educativo-preventivo para lactantes. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio caso-control anidado a una cohorte. Se evaluaron a 112 madres y a sus bebés con edades de 0 a 18 meses, registrados en el proyecto «Promoción de Salud Bucal en la Primera Infancia», de la Universidad Federal de Maranhão. Inicialmente, se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas que contemplaban el nivel de conocimiento de las madres sobre la salud bucal

  1. Valorización de Cementos Pacasmayo

    OpenAIRE

    Peñaranda Huerta, Ricardo Alberto; Salinas Lau, Gerardo Jesús; Vega Gamonal, Gerard Alvaro

    2017-01-01

    Cementos Pacasmayo S.A.A. y sus subsidiarias son los productores, distribuidores y comercializadores de cemento más importante en el norte del Perú, cuenta con 3 plantas de producción en Pacasmayo, Rioja y Piura, con una capacidad de producción total anual de 4,9 millones de TM. Su participación de mercado es aproximadamente el 95% y tienen más de 200 puntos de venta. La valorización por el método de flujos de caja descontados (DCF) tiene como fecha base el 30 de diciembre del 2016. Entre los...

  2. Experiencias de maltrato infantil y transmisión intergeneracional de patrones de apego madre-infante

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana María Mesa

    2009-01-01

    se ha relacionado con el maltrato materno. Se concluye que el impacto de éste en la relación con el bebé es mayor entre más intensas y prolongadas hayan sido estas vivencias y menor disponibilidad para la madre de figuras de apego alternativas positivas.

  3. Reactivation and reuse of TiO2-SnS2 composite catalyst for solar-driven water treatment.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kovacic, Marin; Kopcic, Nina; Kusic, Hrvoje; Stangar, Urska Lavrencic; Dionysiou, Dionysios D; Bozic, Ana Loncaric

    2018-01-01

    One of the most important features of photocatalytic materials intended to be used for water treatment is their long-term stability. The study is focused on the application of thermal and chemical treatments for the reactivation of TiO 2 -SnS 2 composite photocatalyst, prepared by hydrothermal synthesis and immobilized on the glass support using titania/silica binder. Such a catalytic system was applied in solar-driven treatment, solar/TiO 2 -SnS 2 /H 2 O 2 , for the purification of water contaminated with diclofenac (DCF). The effectiveness of studied reactivation methods for retaining TiO 2 -SnS 2 activity in consecutive cycles was evaluated on basis of DCF removal and conversion, and TOC removal and mineralization of organic content. Besides these water quality parameters, biodegradability changes in DCF aqueous solution treated by solar/TiO 2 -SnS 2 /H 2 O 2 process using simply reused (air-dried) and thermally and chemically reactivated composite photocatalyst through six consecutive cycles were monitored. It was established that both thermal and chemical reactivation retain TiO 2 -SnS 2 activity in the second cycle of its reuse. However, both treatments caused the alteration in the TiO 2 -SnS 2 morphology due to the partial transformation of visible-active SnS 2 into non-active SnO 2 . Such alteration, repeated through consecutive reactivation and reuse, was reflected through gradual activity loss of TiO 2 -SnS 2 composite in applied solar-driven water treatment.

  4. Mechanism insight of pollutant degradation and bromate inhibition by Fe-Cu-MCM-41 catalyzed ozonation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Weirui; Li, Xukai; Tang, Yiming; Zhou, Jialu; Wu, Dan; Wu, Yin; Li, Laisheng

    2018-03-15

    A flexible catalyst, Fe-Cu-MCM-41, was employed to enhance diclofenac (DCF) mineralization and inhibit bromate formation in catalytic ozonation process. Greater TOC removal was achieved in Fe-Cu-MCM-41/O 3 process (78%) than those in Fe-MCM-41/O 3 (65%), Cu-MCM-41/O 3 (73%) and sole ozonation (42%). But it was interesting that both Cu-MCM-41/O 3 and Fe-MCM-41/O 3 achieved 93% bromate inhibition efficiency, only 71% inhibition efficiency was observed in Fe-Cu-MCM-41/O 3 . Influence of pH, TBA/NaHSO 3 and detection of by-products were conducted to explore the mechanism. By Pyridine adsorption-IR and XPS, a relationship was found among activity of catalysts, Lewis acid sites and electron transfer effect between Fe (II/III) and Cu (I/II). Fe-Cu-MCM-41 promoted ozone decomposition to generate OH, which accounted for enhanced DCF mineralization. The consumption of aqueous O 3 also suppressed the oxidative of Br - and HBrO/Br - . More HBrO/BrO - accumulated in catalytic ozonation process and less bromate generated. Bromate formation in Fe-Cu-MCM-41/O 3 process was sensitive with pH value, the acidic condition was not favor for bromate formation. Both DCF mineralization and bromate inhibition were influenced by surface reaction. Moreover, Fe-Cu-MCM-41 showed excellent catalytic performance in suppressing the accumulation of carboxylic acid, especially for oxalic acid. Nearly no oxalic acid was detected during Fe-Cu-MCM-41/O 3 process. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  5. Treatment of selected pharmaceuticals by ferrate(VI): performance, kinetic studies and identification of oxidation products.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhou, Zhengwei; Jiang, Jia-Qian

    2015-03-15

    The performance of ferrate(VI) in treating sulfamethoxazole (SMX), diclofenac (DCF), carbamazepine (CBZ) and bezafibrate (BZF) in test solutions containing the four compounds was investigated. A series of jar-test experiments was performed on a bench-scale at pH 6-9 and at a ferrate(VI) dose of 1-5 mg Fe/L. The results suggested that ferrate(VI) can effectively remove SMX, DCF and CBZ from the test solutions, with greater than 80% removal under optimum conditions. However, the removal efficiency of BZF was very low, less than 25% under the studied conditions. Increasing the dose of ferrate(VI) improved the treatment performance, while the influence of solution pH on ferrate(VI) performance varied among the different target compounds. Ferrate(VI) demonstrated the highest reactivity with SMX at pH 8 and pH 9 (20 °C), with apparent second-order rate constants of 360±17 M(-1) s(-1) and 1.26±0.02 M(-1) s(-1), respectively. However, BZF showed the lowest removal by ferrate(VI) with the smallest rate constants (less than 0.5 M(-1) s(-1)) at pH 8 and pH 9. Furthermore, a number of oxidation products (OPs) of SMX, DCF and CBZ during ferrate(VI) oxidation were detected by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and their degradation pathways were tentatively proposed. No OPs of BZF were detected during ferrate(VI) oxidation. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  6. Alteraciones en el vínculo materno- infantil: prevalencia, factores de riesgo, criterios diagnósticos y estrategias de evaluación

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bruma Palacios-Hernández

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available La interacción temprana entre una madre y su bebé durante el primer año de posparto, se centra en la respuesta emocional materna que determina el vínculo materno-infantil, considerado éste un importante mediador en el desarrollo psicosocial del infante. Alteraciones en esta vinculación temprana se asocian a importantes consecuencias en el infante a nivel cognitivo, social, de salud mental y con riesgo de maltrato, abuso infantil y hasta infanticidio. Los factores de riesgo para una alteración en el vínculo materno-infantil incluyen factores de la madre, del bebé, del embarazo, parto y posparto y del ambiente social. El estudio de los aspectos psicosociales de la relación temprana entre una madre y su infante, ha sido de principal interés en países desarrollados; sin embargo, en Latinoamérica la investigación es aún muy escasa. En la presente revisión se exploran las características del vínculo materno-infantil, sus factores de riesgo y consecuencias negativas más asociadas, así como una identificación de las estrategias de evaluación más usadas en diferentes países. La detección temprana de una problemática del vínculo materno-infantil es una estrategia fundamental para diseñar intervenciones de salud específicas y pertinentes que disminuyan las consecuencias adversas y promuevan el bienestar de la diada madre-bebé y su ámbito familiar.

  7. Consequences of Mrp2 deficiency for diclofenac-induced toxicity in rat intestine in vitro

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Niu, Xiaoyu; van de Vegte, Dennis; Makkinje, Miriam; de Graaf, Inge; Groothuis, Genoveva

    Diclofenac (DCF), a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), is associated with high prevalence of severe intestinal side-effects. The reactive metabolite diclofenac acylglucuronide (DAG) formed in the liver, and transported by bile into the intestine was reported to be involved in

  8. Investment Appraisal Process

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    M.M. Akalu; J.R. Turner (Rodney)

    2001-01-01

    textabstractThis case study examines the capital budgeting practices of two chemical companies. It is found that the companies apply the value management tools to supplement the DCF measures. In addition, the R&D projects are assessed using qualitative methods. Moreover, the study revealed the

  9. Governance of Cutaneous Photocarcinogenesis by Chronic UVA-Exposed Dermal Fibroblasts

    Science.gov (United States)

    2014-09-01

    2b). In contrast, bystander mela - nocytes cocultured with unirradiated cells led to no appreci- able induction of DCF fluorescence. Experiments were...Life Technologies) containing human mela - nocyte growth supplement (5 ml in 500 ml of media; Life Technolo- gies) and 10% penicillin/streptomycin

  10. La Educación Pikler-Lóczy : cuando educar empieza por cuidar

    OpenAIRE

    Herrán Izagirre, Elena

    2013-01-01

    El sistema educativo que Emmi Pikler y su equipo establecen en el Instituto Lóczy en Budapest demuestra durante más de 60 años que el desarrollo sano y armónico de bebés y niños pequeños privados de familia y criados en institución es posible. Crea un entorno óptimo, humano y físico, para promover el desarrollo integral de la primera infancia en situación de crianza colectiva, en base a dos ejes: el establecimiento de una relación vincular privilegiada con un adulto estable que dispensa a cad...

  11. A (Re)Construção do caminhar: itinerário terapêutico de pessoas com doença falciforme com histórico de úlcera de perna

    OpenAIRE

    Dias, Ana Luisa de Araújo

    2013-01-01

    A doença falciforme (DF) é uma patologia hematológica hereditária que apresenta impacto significativo à vida das pessoas com a doença e suas famílias. Com base nos dados da triagem neonatal o Ministério da Saúde estima o nascimento de 3500 bebês com a doença a cada ano, com incidência média de 1 a cada 1000 nascidos vivos no país. A Bahia concentra a incidência mais alta, com 1 a cada 650 nascidos vivos, mesmo índice de Salvador, que apresenta cerca de 65 novos casos diagnosticados a cada ano...

  12. Reconocimiento y prevención de la tos ferina (Pertussis) 2 (Recognizing and Preventing Whooping Cough)

    Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Podcasts

    2010-09-09

    Este podcast insta a que todas las personas se vacunen contra la tos ferina, especialmente aquellas que estén en contacto cercano con bebés.  Created: 9/9/2010 by National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD).   Date Released: 9/9/2010.

  13. Bulletin of Materials Science | Indian Academy of Sciences

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Projector augmented wave method: ab initio molecular dynamics with full .... A first-principles thermodynamic approach to ordering in binary alloys .... Theoretical study of superconductivity in MgB2 and its alloys ... For BeB2 and NaB2, our results indicate qualitative similarities but significant quantitative differences in their ...

  14. Newborns' temperature submitted to radiant heat and to the Top Maternal device at birth.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Albuquerque, Rosemeire Sartori de; Mariani, Corintio; Bersusa, Ana Aparecida Sanches; Dias, Vanessa Macedo; Silva, Maria Izabel Mota da

    2016-08-08

    to compare the axillar temperatures of newborns that are put immediately after birth in skin-to-skin contact under the Top Maternal device, as compared to those in a radiant heat crib. comparatives observational study of the case-control type about temperature of 60 babies born at the Obstetric Center and Normal Delivery Center of a public hospital of the municipality of Sao Paulo, being them: 29 receiving assistance in heated crib and 31 in skin-to skin contact, shielded by a cotton tissue placed on mother's thorax, called Top Maternal. the temperature of the babies of the skin-to-skin contact group presented higher values in a larger share of the time measures verified, as compared to those that were placed in radiant heat crib, independently from the place of birth. Differences between the two groups were not statistically significant. the study contributes to generate new knowledge, supporting the idea of keeping babies with their mothers immediately after birth protected with the Maternal Top, without harming their wellbeing, as it keeps the axillar temperature in recommendable levels. comparar a temperatura axilar dos recém-nascidos acomodados - imediatamente após o nascimento - em contato pele a pele, sob o Top Maternal, em berço de calor radiante. estudo comparativo observacional do tipo Caso-Controle sobre a temperatura de 60 bebês nascidos no Centro Obstétrico e Centro de Parto Normal de um hospital público do município de São Paulo, sendo: 29 assistidos em berço aquecido e 31 em contato pele a pele, protegidos por uma malha de algodão colocada sobre o tórax da mãe, denominada Top Maternal. a temperatura dos bebês do grupo de contato pele a pele teve maior valor na maioria dos tempos verificados comparada à dos que foram colocados em berço de calor radiante, independentemente do local de nascimento. A diferença entre os grupos não foi estatisticamente significante. o estudo contribui com a geração de um novo conhecimento que sustenta a

  15. Brazilian energy balance 2015: year 2014 - final report; Balanco energetico nacional 2015: ano base 2014 - relatorio final

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2015-07-01

    The Balance (BEB) contains the accounting relative to energy supply and consumption, as well the conversion processes and foreign trade. It presents in a single document the historical series of these operations and information about reserves, installed capacities and Federal States data. The BEB is divided into eight chapters and ten annexes, whose contents are as follow. Chapters' content can be described as follows: Chapter 1 - Energy Analysis and Aggregated Data - presents energy highlights per source in 2014 and analyses the evolution of the domestic energy supply and its relationship with economic growth. Chapter 2 - Energy Supply and Demand by Source - has the accountancy, per primary and secondary energy sources, of the production, import, export, variation of stocks, losses, adjustments, disaggregated total per socioeconomic sector in the country. Chapter 3 - Energy Consumption by Sector - presents the final energy consumption classified by primary and secondary source for each sector of the economy. Chapter 4 - Energy Imports and Exports - presents the evolution of the data on the import and export of energy and the dependence on external energy. Chapter 5 - Balance of Transformation Centers - presents the energy balances for the energy transformation centers including their losses. Chapter 6 - Energy Resources and Reserves - has the basic concepts use in the survey of resources and reserves of primary energy sources. Chapter 7 - Energy and Socio economics - contains a comparison of energy, economic and population parameters, specific consumption, energy intensities, average prices and spending on petroleum imports. Chapter 8 - State Energy Data - presents energy data for the states by Federal Unit, main energy source production, energy installations, reserves and hydraulic potential. Relating to annexes the current structure is presented bellow: Annex I - Installed Capacity - shows the installed capacity of electricity generation, the installed

  16. An introduction to application-independent evaluation of speaker recognition systems

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Leeuwen, D.A. van; Brümmer, N.

    2007-01-01

    In the evaluation of speaker recognition systems - an important part of speaker classification [1], the trade-off between missed speakers and false alarms has always been an important diagnostic tool. NIST has defined the task of speaker detection with the associated Detection Cost Function (DCF) to

  17. A interação enfermeira-recém-nascido durante a prática de aspiracão orotraqueal e coleta de sangue La interacción enfermera-recién nacido durante la práctica de aspirción orotraqueal y recolección de sangre Interaction nurse-newborn during orotracheal aspiration and blood collection

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Karla Maria Carneiro Rolim

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available Refletindo nossa vivência como enfermeiras na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN, assim como da urgência em assistir o recém-nascido (RN internado, objetivamos descrever a interação entre enfermeira e RN durante a prática do cuidado na aspiração orotraqueal, na coleta de sangue para exames laboratoriais com ênfase nas respostas fisiológicas e comportamentais. Pesquisa exploratória, descritiva, na qual utilizamos a Teoria de Paterson e Zderad (1976. Realizada numa maternidade pública, em Fortaleza-CE, com seis enfermeiras e 21 bebês de risco. Coletamos os dados no período de abril a junho de 2003. Os resultados demonstraram que os RNs, ao interagirem com os enfermeiros, apresentaram aumento da freqüência cardíaca, diminuição da saturação de oxigênio, expressão de choro, agitação, tranqüilidade, calma. O enfermeiro, na maioria das vezes, utilizou o toque técnico, mas pudemos presenciar, as relações Eu-Tu e Eu-Isso com base na Teoria Humanística a qual pode ser praticada no cotidiano do cuidado ao bebê.Reflexionando en nuestra vivencia como enfermeras en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatal (UTIN, así como en la urgencia de asistir al recién nacido (RN internado, tuvimos como objetivo describir la interacción entre enfermera y RN durante la práctica del cuidado en la aspiración orotraqueal y en la recolección de sangre para exámenes de laboratorio con énfasis en las respuestas fisiológicas y de comportamiento. Se trata de una investigación exploratoria, descriptiva, en la cual utilizamos la Teoría de Paterson y Zderad (1976. Se llevó a cabo en una maternidad pública, en Fortaleza-CE, con seis enfermeras y 21 bebés de riesgo. Recolectamos los datos en el período de abril a junio del 2003. Los resultados demostraron que los RNs, al interactuar con los enfermeros, presentaron aumento de la frecuencia cardiaca, disminución de la saturación de oxígeno, expresión de llanto, agitaci

  18. APPLICATION OF DIVIDEND DISCOUNT MODEL VALUATION AT MACEDONIAN STOCK-EXCHANGE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zoran Ivanovski

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available Dividend discount model (DDM is the simplest model for valuing equities in finance. Many analysts belived that DDM is outmoded, but much of the intuition that drives Discounted Cash Flow (DCF valuation is embedded in the DDM model. There are also specific companies stocks where the DDM model remains a useful tool for estimating value. The basic task of these research is to examine if DDM models offer relevant and safe valuation of long-term securities at Macedonian Stock Exchange (MSE through the process of empirical valuation of random chosen stocks. This research helped us to identify problems in use of DDM valuation models at MSE, to determine causes for differences between the intrinsic values and the stock market prices and to determine basic parameters for implementation of valuation on Macedonian financial market. We find that DDM models are usefull only as additional tool beside relative and DCF stocks valuation at MSE.

  19. Achieving Fair Throughput among TCP Flows in Multi-Hop Wireless Mesh Networks

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hou, Ting-Chao; Hsu, Chih-Wei

    Previous research shows that the IEEE 802.11 DCF channel contention mechanism is not capable of providing throughput fairness among nodes in different locations of the wireless mesh network. The node nearest the gateway will always strive for the chance to transmit data, causing fewer transmission opportunities for the nodes farther from the gateway, resulting in starvation. Prior studies modify the DCF mechanism to address the fairness problem. This paper focuses on the fairness study when TCP flows are carried over wireless mesh networks. By not modifying lower layer protocols, the current work identifies TCP parameters that impact throughput fairness and proposes adjusting those parameters to reduce frame collisions and improve throughput fairness. With the aid of mathematical formulation and ns2 simulations, this study finds that frame transmission from each node can be effectively controlled by properly controlling the delayed ACK timer and using a suitable advertised window. The proposed method reduces frame collisions and greatly improves TCP throughput fairness.

  20. Theoretical study of superconductivity in MgB 2 and its alloys

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    total density of states (DOS) and; the partial DOS around the Fermi energy, F, clearly show the importance of B -electrons for superconductivity. For BeB2 and NaB2, our results indicate qualitative similarities but significant quantitative differences in their electronic structure due to differences in the number of valence ...

  1. Valuing flexibilities in the design of urban water management systems.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Deng, Yinghan; Cardin, Michel-Alexandre; Babovic, Vladan; Santhanakrishnan, Deepak; Schmitter, Petra; Meshgi, Ali

    2013-12-15

    Climate change and rapid urbanization requires decision-makers to develop a long-term forward assessment on sustainable urban water management projects. This is further complicated by the difficulties of assessing sustainable designs and various design scenarios from an economic standpoint. A conventional valuation approach for urban water management projects, like Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) analysis, fails to incorporate uncertainties, such as amount of rainfall, unit cost of water, and other uncertainties associated with future changes in technological domains. Such approach also fails to include the value of flexibility, which enables managers to adapt and reconfigure systems over time as uncertainty unfolds. This work describes an integrated framework to value investments in urban water management systems under uncertainty. It also extends the conventional DCF analysis through explicit considerations of flexibility in systems design and management. The approach incorporates flexibility as intelligent decision-making mechanisms that enable systems to avoid future downside risks and increase opportunities for upside gains over a range of possible futures. A water catchment area in Singapore was chosen to assess the value of a flexible extension of standard drainage canals and a flexible deployment of a novel water catchment technology based on green roofs and porous pavements. Results show that integrating uncertainty and flexibility explicitly into the decision-making process can reduce initial capital expenditure, improve value for investment, and enable decision-makers to learn more about system requirements during the lifetime of the project. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  2. REFCO83, Nuclear Fuel Cycle Cost Economics Using Discounted Cash Flow Analysis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Delene, J.G.; Hermann, O.W.

    2001-01-01

    1 - Description of program or function: REFCO83 utilizes a discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis procedure to calculate batch, cycle, and lifetime levelized average nuclear fuel cycle costs. The DCF analysis establishes an energy 'cost' associated with the fuel by requiring that the revenues from the sale of energy be adequate to pay the required return on outstanding capital, to pay all expenses including taxes, and to retire the outstanding investment to zero by the end of the economic life of the set of fuel investments. The program uses reactor mass flow information together with individual fuel cost parameters and utility capital structure and money costs to calculate levelized costs cumulatively through any batch or cycle. 2 - Method of solution: A fuel cycle cost component is considered to be any fuel material purchase, processing cost, or discharge material credit in the complete fuel cycle. The costs for each individual component, i.e. uranium, enrichment, etc., may either be expensed or capitalized for tax purposes or, in the case of waste disposal, the cost may also be made proportional to power production. To properly account for the effect of income taxes, all calculations in REFCO83 are done using 'then' current dollars, including price escalations caused by inflation. The database used for the default values for REFCO83 was taken from the Nuclear Energy Cost Data Base. 3 - Restrictions on the complexity of the problem: The maximum number of fuel batches is 120

  3. Core temperature in super-Gaussian pumped air-clad photonic ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    In this paper we investigate the core temperature of air-clad photonic crystal fiber (PCF) lasers pumped by a super-Gaussian (SG) source of order four. The results are compared with conventional double-clad fiber (DCF) lasers pumped by the same super-Gaussian and by top-hat pump profiles.

  4. Comparison between two forms of granular activated carbon for the removal of pharmaceuticals from different waters.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lima, Lisandra; Baêta, Bruno E L; Lima, Diego R S; Afonso, Robson J C F; de Aquino, Sérgio F; Libânio, Marcelo

    2016-01-01

    The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of two forms of basic granular activated carbon (GAC), mineral (pH = 10.5) and vegetal (pH = 9), for the removal of three pharmaceuticals, as sulphamethoxazole (SMX), diclofenac (DCF) and 17β-estradiol (E2), from two different matrices: fortified distilled (2.4-3.0 mg L(-1) and pH from 5.5 to 6.5) and natural (∼1.0 mg L(-1) and pH from 7.1 to 7.2) water in a bench scale. The Rapid Small-Scale Column Test used to assess the ability of mineral and vegetal GAC on removal of such pharmaceuticals led to removal capacities varying from 14.9 to 23.5 mg g(-1) for E2, from 23.7 to 24.2 mg g(-1) for DCF and from 20.5 to 20.6 mg g(-1) for SMX. Removal efficiencies of 71%, 88% and 74% for DCF, SMX and E2, respectively, were obtained at breakthrough point when using mineral GAC, whereas for the vegetal GAC the figures were 76%, 77% and 65%, respectively. The carbon usage rate at the breakthrough point varied from 11.9 to 14.5 L g(-1) for mineral GAC and from 8.8 to 14.8 L g(-1) for vegetal GAC. Mineral CAG also exhibited the best performance when treating fortified natural water, since nearly complete removal was observed for all contaminants in the column operated for 22 h at a carbon usage rate of 2.9 L g(-1).

  5. Oxidant production and SOD1 protein expression in single skeletal myofibers from Down syndrome mice

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patrick M. Cowley

    2017-10-01

    Full Text Available Down syndrome (DS is a genetic condition caused by the triplication of chromosome 21. Persons with DS exhibit pronounced muscle weakness, which also occurs in the Ts65Dn mouse model of DS. Oxidative stress is thought to be an underlying factor in the development of DS-related pathologies including muscle dysfunction. High-levels of oxidative stress have been attributed to triplication and elevated expression of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1; a gene located on chromosome 21. The elevated expression of SOD1 is postulated to increase production of hydrogen peroxide and cause oxidative injury and cell death. However, it is unknown whether SOD1 protein expression is associated with greater oxidant production in skeletal muscle from Ts65Dn mice. Thus, our objective was to assess levels of SOD1 expression and oxidant production in skeletal myofibers from the flexor digitorum brevis obtained from Ts65Dn and control mice. Measurements of oxidant production were obtained from myofibers loaded with 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH2-DA in the basal state and following 15 min of stimulated unloaded contraction. Ts65Dn myofibers exhibited a significant decrease in basal DCF emissions (p 0.05. Myofibers from Ts65Dn mice tended to be smaller and myonuclear domain was lower (p < 0.05. In summary, myofibers from Ts65Dn mice exhibited decreased basal DCF emissions that were coupled with elevated protein expression of SOD1. Stimulated contraction in isolated myofibers did not affect DCF emissions in either group. These findings suggest the skeletal muscle dysfunction in the adult Ts65Dn mouse is not associated with skeletal muscle oxidative stress.

  6. El Temperamento Infantil en el Ámbito de la Prevención Primaria: Relación con el Cociente de Desarrollo y su Modificabilidad

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Manuel Ramos Martín

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available El temperamento infantil ha mostrado utilidad predictiva sobre adaptación personal, rendimiento académico e integración social. En el marco de un Programa de Estimulación Temprana para Bebés de Riesgo, investigamos el temperamento de los participantes (N=68. Sólo a la mitad de las madres se da información y orientaciones específicas acerca del temperamento de su bebé. Hallamos que el rasgo "Nivel de Actividad" interactúa con el Cociente de Desarrollo (p=0,026. El índice de acuerdo entre juicio materno y juicio de un observador es bajo (kappa < 0,30. Tras 6 meses (N=31, constatamos estabilidad de rasgos y aumento del CD en todo el grupo (p=0,022, pero el subgrupo cuyas madres recibieron información presenta un "Nivel de Actividad" más alto que el grupo control (p=0,023. El "Modelo de bondad de ajuste" de Thomas y Chess permite interpretar los resultados en clave transaccional.

  7. COMUNICAÇÃO MÃE-FILHO DURANTE AMAMENTAÇÃO NATURAL E ARTIFICIAL NA ERA AIDS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Simone Gonçalves Vasconcelos

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available La lactancia natural de la madre infectada por el VIH al hijo es factor de riesgo para la transmisión del virus, por lo tanto se recomienda excluir la lactancia natural. El hecho de no darle el pecho puede dificultar la comunicación del binomio madre-hijo. Fue desarrollado un estudio comparativo a la luz de los factores proxémicos entre madre e hijo durante la alimentación artificial y lactancia materna entre madres seropositivas y seronegativas para el VIH. En alojamiento conjunto fueron analizadas 84 interacciones entre cuatro binomios. La distancia íntima prevalece en el 100% de las interacciones, así como la postura sentada. Los bebés de las madres seropositivas permanecieron la mayor parte del tiempo activos en comparación a los verticalmente expuestos. Probablemente, la calidad de las interacciones a lo largo del tiempo y la responsividad materna al bebé irán determinar los efectos de la falta de lactancia natural en el desarrollo del apego entre madre e hijo.

  8. A method for the assessment of light-induced oxidative stress in embryos of fucoid algae via confocal laserscan microscopy

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Rijstenbil, J.W.; Coelho, S.; Eijsackers, M.

    2000-01-01

    A method was developed for measurement of active oxygen production in embryonic stages of the brown seaweed Fucus spiralis. using the label CM-DCFH-DA. Active oxygen species convert the label into the green fluorescent CM-DCF (exc/em 488/530 nm) that is detected via confocal laserscan microscopy and

  9. Håndtering af illikviditet i APV modellen

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Brandt, Mads; Dalgaard, Rune; Plenborg, Thomas

    2014-01-01

    Denne artikel behandler illikviditetspræmien i forbindelse med værdiansættelser. Mere præcist udledes den korrektion af illikviditetspræmien, der skal foretages, for at sikre konsistens i værdiansættelsen med henholdsvis Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) og Adjusted Present Value (APV) modellen. Artiklen...

  10. The Design Co-ordination Framework: key elements for effective product development

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Andreasen, Mogens Myrup; Bowen, J.; Storm, T.

    1997-01-01

    This paper proposes a Design Co-ordination Framework (DCF) i.e. a concept for an ideal DC system with the abilities to support co-ordination of various complex aspects of product development. A set of frames, modelling key elements of co-ordination, which reflect the states of design, plans, orga...

  11. Estratégia acolhimento mãe-bebê: aspectos relacionados à clientela atendida em uma unidade básica de saúde do município do Rio de Janeiro Estrategia de acogimiento madre y bebé: aspectos relacionados con la clientela en una unidad básica de salud de la ciudad de Rio de Janeiro A welcome strategy mother-baby : aspects related to the clientele in a basic health unit of the municipality of Rio de Janeiro

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Helena do Nascimento Souza

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available O presente trabalho é um estudo descritivo, que objetivou identificar as características sociodemográficas e de saúde de mães e as condições de saúde de crianças atendidas pelos enfermeiros na Estratégia de Acolhimento Mãe e Bebê em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde do Estado de Rio de Janeiro. Os dados foram coletados em 421 prontuários das crianças atendidas em uma Unidade Básica em 2009. Realizou-se a análise univariada dos dados com uso do software "Epi-info" versão 3.5. Os resultados mostraram que: 70,6% das mães estavam na faixa etária de 20 até 35 anos, 58,2% haviam realizado parto normal, 5,0% apresentaram alteração na cicatriz cirúrgica, e 23,8%, alteração nas mamas. O companheiro e a avó materna foram os membros da rede social que mais forneceram apoio no pós-parto. Com relação aos recém-nascidos 52,5% tinham até 7 dias de vida, 90,3% encontravam-se em aleitamento materno exclusivo, 16,2% apresentavam icterícia, e 3,8% apresentaram alteração no coto umbilical. Conclui-se que a avaliação do grupo escolhido proporciona informações importantes para que os enfermeiros possam apoiar eficientemente as mães nos cuidados com os recém-nascidos, o que contribui à formação do vínculo das mães com este profissional, além da adoção de práticas de promoção da saúde.Este trabajo es un estudio descriptivo, cuyo objetivo es identificar las características sociodemográficas y de salud de las madres y las condiciones de salud de los niños, atendidos por los enfermeros mediante la aplicación de la Estrategia de Interrelación de Madre y Bebé, visto en la Unidad Básica de Salud del Estado de Rio de Janeiro. Los datos fueron recolectados en 421 muestras tomadas de los niños atendidos en una Unidad Básica de Salud, en el año 2009. Se realizó un análisis univariada de los datos con uso del software "Epi-info", versión 3.5. Los resultados mostraron que: el 70,6% de las madres se encontraban dentro del

  12. Prácticas basadas en evidencias para la transición de feto a recién nacido

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Judith S. MERCER

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Muchas prácticas comunes de atención en el parto, nacimiento, y en el período inmediato al post-parto tienen impacto en la transición de feto a recién nascido, incluyendo la medicación usada durante el parto, protocolos de aspiración, estrategias para prevenir la caída brusca de temperatura, ligadura del cordón umbilical, y el uso de oxigeno 100% para la reanimación. Muchas de las prácticas de atención usadas para evaluar y manosear un recién nacido inmediatamente después del nacimiento no tienen eficacia comprobada. No se alcanzaron resultados definitivos a partir de estudios sobre los efectos de la analgesia materna en el recién nacido. A pesar de que la ligadura inmediata del cordón umbilical es una práctica común, evidencias recientes mostradas por ensayos ampliamente controlados y randomizados sugieren que la ligadura tardía del cordón umbilical protege al bebe contra anemia. El contacto piel a piel del recién nacido después del nacimiento se recomienda como base de la termorregulación y cuidado al recién nacido. No fue probado que la aspiración rutinera de los bebés al nacer sea benéfica. Ni tampoco la amnioinfusión, la aspiración de bebés que aspiraran meconio después de la salida de la cabeza, o la aspiración e intubación de bebés saludables como prevención del síndrome de aspiración de meconio. El uso de oxigeno 100% al nacer para reanimar un recién nacido causa aumento de stres oxidativo y no parece ofrecer beneficios en relación al aire ambiental. Esta revisión de las evidencias a respecto de las prácticas de atención al recién nacido muestra que, en la mayoría de los casos, una menor intervención acaba siendo mejor. Las recomendaciones apoyan un nacimiento suave y fisiológico, y una atención del recién nacido centrado en la familia.

  13. Anuncio de servicio público sobre la tosferina (:30) (Whooping Cough Public Service Announcement)

    Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Podcasts

    Este anuncio de servicio público, de 30 segundos, alienta a las mujeres embarazadas a ponerse la vacuna contra la tosferina llamada Tdap, durante el tercer trimestre de cada embarazo, para que le pasen anticuerpos a su bebé a fin de que este nazca con protección contra esta grave enfermedad.

  14. Reisverslag van de boomkorsurvey (BTS) in 2012

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Boois, de I.J.; Bol, R.A.

    2012-01-01

    In 2012 is de beam trawl survey (BTS) uitgevoerd met de Tridens II en de Isis in opdracht van het ministerie van EL&I. De survey is onderdeel van het EU Data Collectie Programma (DCF) en valt daarmee onder de wettelijke taken die binnen IMARES worden uitgevoerd. In dit rapport staan de

  15. Relationship between four tumor-associated bio-markers and ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    showed. 89 cases of adenocarcinoma, 26 cases of signet ring cell carcinoma, and 32 cases of mixed type. In addition, there were 36 cases of gastric fundus and cardia, 54 cases of gastric body, and 57 cases of gastric antrum. Adjuvant chemotherapy was divided into 3 categories: Treatment prescription I (DCF, 25 cases):.

  16. Feasibility Study of Moderately Accelerated Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy Plus Concurrent Weekly Cisplatin After Induction Chemotherapy in Locally Advanced Head-and Neck Cancer

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Morganti, Alessio G.; Mignogna, Samantha; Deodato, Francesco; Massaccesi, Mariangela; Cilla, Savino; Calista, Franco; Serafini, Giovanni; Digesu, Cinzia; Macchia, Gabriella; Picardi, Vincenzo; Caravatta, Luciana; Di Lullo, Liberato; Giglio, Gianfranco; Sallustio, Giuseppina; Piermattei, Angelo

    2011-01-01

    Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of moderately accelerated intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) along with weekly cisplatin, after induction chemotherapy, in patients with locally advanced unresectable head and neck cancer (HNC). Methods and Materials: Patients with Stage III or IV locally advanced HNC, without progressive disease after three courses of induction chemotherapy, received concurrent chemo-IMRT (weekly cisplatin 30 mg/m 2 plus simultaneous integrated boost IMRT). A total of 67.5 Gy in 30 fractions were delivered to primary tumor and involved nodes, 60 Gy in 30 fractions to high-risk nodal areas, and 55.5 Gy in 30 fractions to low-risk nodal areas. Results: In all, 36 patients (median age, 56 years) with International Union Against Cancer (UICC) Stage III (n = 5) and IV (n = 31) were included. Of the 36 patients, 17 had received CF (cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (CF) and 19 had received docetaxel cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (DCF). During concurrent chemoradiation, 11 of 36 patients (30.5%) experienced Grade III mucositis (CF, 47%; DCF, 15%; p < 0.04). Grade III pharyngeal-esophageal toxicity was observed in 5 of 19 patients (26.3%; CF, 0.0%; DCF, 26.3%; p = 0.02). Two patients died of complications (5.5%). After chemoradiation, the complete response rate was 63.8%. Two-year local control was 88.7%. Two-year progression free survival and overall survival were 74.5% and 60.9%, respectively. Conclusions: In our experience, a moderately accelerated chemo-IMRT was feasible after induction chemotherapy. However, a noteworthy early death rate of 5.5% was observed. Intensive supportive care strategies should be defined to better manage radiation-induced toxic effects. Longer follow-up is required to determine the incidence of late radiation toxicities and tumor control rates.

  17. Modelling normal tissue isoeffect distribution in conformal radiotherapy of glioblastoma provides an alternative dose escalation pattern through hypofractionation without reducing the total dose

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mangel, L.; Skriba, Z.; Major, T.; Polgar, C.; Fodor, J.; Somogyi, A.; Nemeth, G.

    2002-01-01

    The purpose of this study was to prove that by using conformal external beam radiotherapy (RT) normal brain structures can be protected even when applying an alternative approach of biological dose escalation: hypofractionation (HOF) without total dose reduction (TDR). Traditional 2-dimensional (2D) and conformal 3-dimensional (3D) treatment plans were prepared for 10 gliomas representing the subanatomical sites of the supratentorial brain. Isoeffect distributions were generated by the biologically effective dose (BED) formula to analyse the effect of conventionally fractionated (CF) and HOF schedules on both the spatial biological dose distribution and biological dose-volume histograms. A comparison was made between 2D-CF (2.0 Gy/day) and 3D-HOF (2.5 Gy/day) regimens, applying the same 60 Gy total doses. Integral biologically effective dose (IBED) and volumes received biologically equivalent to a dose of 54 Gy or more (V-BED54) were calculated for the lower and upper brain stem as organs of risk. The IBED values were lower with the 3D-HOF than with the 2D-CF schedule in each tumour location, means 22.7±17.1 and 40.4±16.9 in Gy, respectively (p<0.0001). The V-BED54 values were also smaller or equal in 90% of the cases favouring the 3D-HOF scheme. The means were 2.7±4.8 ccm for 3D-HOF and 10.7±12.7 ccm for 2D-CF (p=0.0006). Our results suggest that with conformal RT, fraction size can gradually be increased. HOF radiotherapy regimens without TDR shorten the treatment time and seem to be an alternative way of dose escalation in the treatment of glioblastoma

  18. Pre-emptive resource-constrained multimode project scheduling using genetic algorithm: A dynamic forward approach

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aidin Delgoshaei

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available Purpose: The issue resource over-allocating is a big concern for project engineers in the process of scheduling project activities. Resource over-allocating drawback is frequently seen after scheduling of a project in practice which causes a schedule to be useless. Modifying an over-allocated schedule is very complicated and needs a lot of efforts and time. In this paper, a new and fast tracking method is proposed to schedule large scale projects which can help project engineers to schedule the project rapidly and with more confidence. Design/methodology/approach: In this article, a forward approach for maximizing net present value (NPV in multi-mode resource constrained project scheduling problem while assuming discounted positive cash flows (MRCPSP-DCF is proposed. The progress payment method is used and all resources are considered as pre-emptible. The proposed approach maximizes NPV using unscheduled resources through resource calendar in forward mode. For this purpose, a Genetic Algorithm is applied to solve. Findings: The findings show that the proposed method is an effective way to maximize NPV in MRCPSP-DCF problems while activity splitting is allowed. The proposed algorithm is very fast and can schedule experimental cases with 1000 variables and 100 resources in few seconds. The results are then compared with branch and bound method and simulated annealing algorithm and it is found the proposed genetic algorithm can provide results with better quality. Then algorithm is then applied for scheduling a hospital in practice. Originality/value: The method can be used alone or as a macro in Microsoft Office Project® Software to schedule MRCPSP-DCF problems or to modify resource over-allocated activities after scheduling a project. This can help project engineers to schedule project activities rapidly with more accuracy in practice.

  19. Oxidative stress increases internal calcium stores and reduces a key mitochondrial enzyme.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gibson, Gary E; Zhang, Hui; Xu, Hui; Park, Larry C H; Jeitner, Thomas M

    2002-03-16

    Fibroblasts from patients with genetic and non-genetic forms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) show many abnormalities including increased bombesin-releasable calcium stores (BRCS), diminished activities of the mitochondrial alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (KGDHC), and an altered ability to handle oxidative stress. The link between genetic mutations (and the unknown primary event in non-genetic forms) and these other cellular abnormalities is unknown. To determine whether oxidative stress could be a convergence point that produces the other AD-related changes, these experiments tested in fibroblasts the effects of H(2)O(2), in the presence or absence of select antioxidants, on BRCS and KGDHC. H(2)O(2) concentrations that elevated carboxy-dichlorofluorescein (c-H(2)DCF)-detectable ROS increased BRCS and decreased KGDHC activity. These changes are in the same direction as those in fibroblasts from AD patients. Acute treatments with the antioxidants Trolox, or DMSO decreased c-H(2)DCF-detectable ROS by about 90%, but exaggerated the H(2)O(2)-induced increases in BRCS by about 4-fold and did not alter the reduction in KGDHC. Chronic pretreatments with Trolox more than doubled the BRCS, tripled KGDHC activities, and reduced the effects of H(2)O(2). Pretreatment with DMSO or N-acetyl cysteine diminished the BRCS and either had no effect, or exaggerated the H(2)O(2)-induced changes in these variables. The results demonstrate that BRCS and KGDHC are more sensitive to H(2)O(2) derived species than c-H(2)DCF, and that oxidized derivatives of the antioxidants exaggerate the actions of H(2)O(2). The findings support the hypothesis that select abnormalities in oxidative processes are a critical part of a cascade that leads to the cellular abnormalities in cells from AD patients.

  20. Verifying Operational and Developmental Air Force Weather Cloud Analysis and Forecast Products Using Lidar Data from Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Sites

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hildebrand, E. P.

    2017-12-01

    Air Force Weather has developed various cloud analysis and forecast products designed to support global Department of Defense (DoD) missions. A World-Wide Merged Cloud Analysis (WWMCA) and short term Advected Cloud (ADVCLD) forecast is generated hourly using data from 16 geostationary and polar-orbiting satellites. Additionally, WWMCA and Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) data are used in a statistical long-term (out to five days) cloud forecast model known as the Diagnostic Cloud Forecast (DCF). The WWMCA and ADVCLD are generated on the same polar stereographic 24 km grid for each hemisphere, whereas the DCF is generated on the same grid as its parent NWP model. When verifying the cloud forecast models, the goal is to understand not only the ability to detect cloud, but also the ability to assign it to the correct vertical layer. ADVCLD and DCF forecasts traditionally have been verified using WWMCA data as truth, but this might over-inflate the performance of those models because WWMCA also is a primary input dataset for those models. Because of this, in recent years, a WWMCA Reanalysis product has been developed, but this too is not a fully independent dataset. This year, work has been done to incorporate data from external, independent sources to verify not only the cloud forecast products, but the WWMCA data itself. One such dataset that has been useful for examining the 3-D performance of the cloud analysis and forecast models is Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) data from various sites around the globe. This presentation will focus on the use of the Department of Energy (DoE) ARM data to verify Air Force Weather cloud analysis and forecast products. Results will be presented to show relative strengths and weaknesses of the analyses and forecasts.

  1. Modelling normal tissue isoeffect distribution in conformal radiotherapy of glioblastoma provides an alternative dose escalation pattern through hypofractionation without reducing the total dose

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mangel, L.; Skriba, Z.; Major, T.; Polgar, C.; Fodor, J.; Somogyi, A.; Nemeth, G. [National Research Inst. for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Budapest (Hungary)

    2002-04-01

    The purpose of this study was to prove that by using conformal external beam radiotherapy (RT) normal brain structures can be protected even when applying an alternative approach of biological dose escalation: hypofractionation (HOF) without total dose reduction (TDR). Traditional 2-dimensional (2D) and conformal 3-dimensional (3D) treatment plans were prepared for 10 gliomas representing the subanatomical sites of the supratentorial brain. Isoeffect distributions were generated by the biologically effective dose (BED) formula to analyse the effect of conventionally fractionated (CF) and HOF schedules on both the spatial biological dose distribution and biological dose-volume histograms. A comparison was made between 2D-CF (2.0 Gy/day) and 3D-HOF (2.5 Gy/day) regimens, applying the same 60 Gy total doses. Integral biologically effective dose (IBED) and volumes received biologically equivalent to a dose of 54 Gy or more (V-BED54) were calculated for the lower and upper brain stem as organs of risk. The IBED values were lower with the 3D-HOF than with the 2D-CF schedule in each tumour location, means 22.7{+-}17.1 and 40.4{+-}16.9 in Gy, respectively (p<0.0001). The V-BED54 values were also smaller or equal in 90% of the cases favouring the 3D-HOF scheme. The means were 2.7{+-}4.8 ccm for 3D-HOF and 10.7{+-}12.7 ccm for 2D-CF (p=0.0006). Our results suggest that with conformal RT, fraction size can gradually be increased. HOF radiotherapy regimens without TDR shorten the treatment time and seem to be an alternative way of dose escalation in the treatment of glioblastoma.

  2. Implementing Engineering With Nature within the Corps: A Workshop

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-09-01

    mercury in fish: lessons from a hydropower storage basin: Dr. Jody A. Kubitz, Cardno... algae on SAV leaves, eventually leading to their death. As a result, breakwater‐protected areas are often unvegetated, especially after deposition of...from the DCF to allow determination of appropriate sediment disposal (lined landfill disposal or commercial industrial use). ERDC

  3. Reisverslag BTS 2013

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Boois, de I.J.; Teal, L.R.; Os-Koomen, van E.; Pasterkamp, T.L.

    2013-01-01

    In 2013, the beam trawl survey (BTS) was carried out by Tridens II and Isis. The survey is part of the EU Data Collection Framework (DCF). This report describes the results and contains the cruise reports of the trips. The results for sole and plaice in the BTS are used by the ICES assessment

  4. Creencias, prácticas y actitudes de mujeres embarazadas frente a las infecciones urinarias

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Édgar Castro F.

    2008-01-01

    Resultados: la investigación permitió conocer el impacto que tiene el saber cultural sobre la práctica consciente del autocuidado durante la etapa de la gestación. Así mismo, la resistencia marcada hacia el uso o tratamiento con antibióticos, por pensar en los efectos dañinos que estos medicamentos pueden causar en el bebé.

  5. openBEB: open biological experiment browser for correlative measurements

    OpenAIRE

    Ramakrishnan, Chandrasekhar; Bieri, Andrej; Sauter, Nora; Roizard, Sophie; Ringler, Philippe; Müller, Shirley A; Goldie, Kenneth N; Enimanev, Kaloyan; Stahlberg, Henning; Rinn, Bernd; Braun, Thomas

    2014-01-01

    Background: New experimental methods must be developed to study interaction networks in systems biology. To reduce biological noise, individual subjects, such as single cells, should be analyzed using high throughput approaches. The measurement of several correlative physical properties would further improve data consistency. Accordingly, a considerable quantity of data must be acquired, correlated, catalogued and stored in a database for subsequent analysis. Results: We have developed openBE...

  6. Cross sections and oscillator strengths for electron-impact excitation of electronic states in polyatomic molecules. Application examples of the BEf- scaling model in optically-allowed transitions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kato, H.; Kawahara, H.; Hoshino, M.

    2009-12-01

    Integral cross sections for optically allowed electronic-state excitations by electron impact, are reviewed for polyatomic molecules by applying the Binary-Encounter-Bethe (BEB) scaling model. Following the context of the present review, the scaling model originally proposed by Yong-Ki Kim to determine electron-impact cross sections for ionization of atoms and molecules is also summarized briefly for its wide range of applications [Electron-Impact Cross Section Database, NIST, Y.-K. Kim]. The present report not only focuses on the need for the cross-section data, but also elucidates the verification of the scaling model in the general application for atoms and molecules. Since this report is for a data base, it is summarized for data base users by citing (copying) the descriptions in the original papers and the references within those papers in the style of a textbook. (author)

  7. Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy | Indian Academy of Sciences

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    2016-01-27

    Jan 27, 2016 ... In this paper, the authors have compiled the data of about 100 years in B-band of the BL Lac ON 231 and used this database to analyze periodicity signals in the optical light curve. Two different methods were applied: the wavelet analysis and the Discrete Correlation Function (DCF) method. We revealed ...

  8. ANALISIS NILAI WAJAR SAHAM PUBLIK DALAM TENDER OFFER (Studi Kasus PT Bentoel Internasional Investama Tbk

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Herlitah

    2014-08-01

    Full Text Available The purpose of this research is to analyze Fair Value of the stock price of PT Bentoel Internasional Investama Tbk. for tender offer after the acquisition from British American Tobacco. The Discounted Cash Flow/DCF Method of the Income Approach used for calculation within the Free Cash Flow to The Equity/FCFE Model.

  9. Period of Light Variability in BL Lac ON 231 Xu Yun Bing1, Zhang ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    period light variability may be greater than the current observation history and needs further monitoring certification (Zhang et al. 1998). To establish the real periods of ON 231, we employ wavelet analysis and DCF method to search a periodicity in the light curves. 2. Periodicity analysis of ON231. 2.1 Light curve of ON 231.

  10. VIVÊNCIAS MATERNAS FRENTE ÀS PECULIARIDADES DA PREMATURIDADE QUE DIFICULTAM A AMAMENTAÇÃO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luciana Barbosa Pereira

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Estudio cualitativo, que utilizó como referencial teórico el Interaccionismo Simbológico y como metodológico el Interaccionismo Interpretativo con el objetivo de revelar las vivencias maternas frente a las peculiaridades de la prematuridad que dificultan el acto de amamantar durante la internación del bebé en Unidad de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal. Fueran entrevistadas 13 madres de recién nacidos prematuros, atendidas en Ambulatorio de Follow-up, municipio de Montes Claros - MG, Brasil. Los resultados revelaron que al intentar amamantar al hijo prematuro, la madre interacciona con situaciones significadas por ella como obstáculos al amamantamiento: el “tormento” de la hospitalización del hijo, su inestabilidad clínica, miedo de muerte del bebé, su dificultad en succionar el pecho, el inicio tardío del amamantamiento interpretado como algo difícil y riesgoso al gaño de peso. Consideramos que, aunque el proceso de amamantamiento del recién nacido prematuro sea un verdadero desafío, conductas profesionales y rutinas hospitalarias adecuadas facilitan la práctica y deben ser incentivadas.

  11. COMUNICAÇÃO VERBAL E NÃO-VERBAL DE MÃE CEGA DURANTE A HIGIENE CORPORAL DA CRIANÇA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luana Duarte Wanderley

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available La mujer ciega debe recibir orientaciones sobre el cuidado con el bebé. El objetivo fue analizar la comunicación verbal y no verbal de la madre ciega con movilidad limitada con niño y enfermera durante la higiene corporal. Estudio exploratorio, descriptivo, tipo estudio de caso, con análisis cuantitativo realizado en 2009. La comunicación madre/hijo y madre/enfermera fue filmada y analizada por seis jueces. Hubo predominancia de la madre como destinataria con la enfermera y uso de la función emotiva en las verbalizaciones con el niño en la comunicación verbal. Ya en la comunicación no verbal, prevaleció la distancia íntima entre madre/hijo y la personal entre madre/enfermera. La madre demostró miedo al bañar al niño. Se concluye que las distancias establecidas facilitaron la interacción de la madre con el bebé y de ésta con la profesional. Independiente de las dificultades motora y visual, la madre no sufrió daños verbales en el establecimiento de su proceso comunicativo.

  12. exploratorias y su relación con la edad

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Iván Ricardo Perdomo

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available La generalización del conocimiento sobre propiedades no obvias de los objetos a menudo involucra inferencia inductiva. Por ejemplo, al descubrir que un objeto particular puede producir un sonido, podríamos inferir que otros objetos de apariencia similar también lo hacen. En esta investigación, el juego exploratorio sirvió como una ventana a la capacidad inductiva temprana. A partir de los estudios realizados por Baldwin y cols. (1993, seis bebés entre los8 y los 16 meses exploraron pares de juguetes novedosos en tres condiciones de prueba: condición de expectativa satisfecha, de expectativa violada y de control de interés. Aunque en algunas ocasiones los infantes no lograron reproducir adecuadamente la propiedad no obvia de los juguetes, mostraron un interesante despliegue de comportamientos cuando exploraban los objetos. De igual forma, los resultados señalaron que el juego exploratorio es un elemento más evidente en los bebés de menor edad, pues a medida que los infantes van creciendo despliegan un menor número de comportamientos exploratorios probablemente como consecuencia de una mayor capacidad de inferencia.

  13. Juego exploratorio e inferencia temprana: un estudio descriptivo de las habilidades exploratorias y su relación con la edad

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mayra Alejandra Prieto

    2007-07-01

    Full Text Available La generalización del conocimiento sobre propiedades no obvias de los objetos a menudo involucra inferencia inductiva. Por ejemplo, al descubrir que un objeto particular puede producir un sonido, podríamos inferir que otros objetos de apariencia similar también lo hacen. En esta investigación, el juego exploratorio sirvió como una ventana a la capacidad inductiva temprana. A partir de los estudios realizados por Baldwin y cols. (1993, seis bebés entre los 8 y los 16 meses exploraron pares de juguetes novedosos en tres condiciones de prueba: condición de expectativa satisfecha, de expectativa violada y de control de interés. Aunque en algunas ocasiones los infantes no lograron reproducir adecuadamente la propiedad no obvia de los juguetes, mostraron un interesante despliegue de comportamientos cuando exploraban los objetos. De igual forma, los resultados señalaron que el juego exploratorio es un elemento más evidente en los bebés de menor edad, pues a medida que los infantes van creciendo despliegan un menor número de comportamientos exploratorios probablemente como consecuencia de una mayor capacidad de inferencia.

  14. Implementation Of Secure 6LoWPAN Communications For Tactical Wireless Sensor Networks

    Science.gov (United States)

    2016-09-01

    Adapted from [20]. .........................................40  Table 2.  Power Draw and Duration Time to Perform AES -128 Encryption . Adapted from... Encryption Standard AES -CCM Advanced Encryption Standard-Counter with Cipher Block Chaining-Message Authentication Code AH Authenticated Header BEB...Authentication Code ( AES - CCM) is the suggested method within the 6LoWPAN standard [5]. Within the encryption method, an Initialization Vector (IV) is used

  15. Analisis Perbandingan Karakteristik Berbeban Generator Arus Searah Penguatan Bebas Dengan Generator Arus Searah Penguatan Shunt

    OpenAIRE

    Ardian S., Randy Niko

    2010-01-01

    Berdasarkan cara memberikan fluks pada kumparan medannya, generator DC dikelompokkan menjadi dua yaitu generator berpenguatan bebas dan generator berpenguatan sendiri. Karakteristik yang ada pada generator DC antara lain karakteristik beban nol, karakterik berbeban, dan karakteristik luar. Pada karakteristik berbeban sebuah generator DC menunjukkan bagaimana hubungan antara tegangan terminal Vt dan arus medan If ketika generator dibebani. Bila generator dibebani maka akan mengalir arus beb...

  16. Aleitamento materno exclusivo entre trabalhadoras com creche no local de trabalho Exclusive breastfeeding among working women with free daycare available at workplace

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria José Duarte Osis

    2004-04-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Investigar os fatores relacionados à decisão das mulheres em amamentar e a duração planejada e, de fato observada, do aleitamento exclusivo entre trabalhadoras que dispõem de creche na empresa. MÉTODOS: Estudo qualitativo no qual se comparou um grupo de 15 trabalhadoras cujos bebês estavam sendo alimentados apenas com leite materno quando começaram a freqüentar a creche da empresa com outro similar que incluía mulheres cujos bebês que, ao ingressar, já estavam recebendo, além do leite materno, outros alimentos. Foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas e grupos focais. RESULTADOS: Evidenciaram-se como fatores relacionados à decisão de iniciar a amamentação e mantê-la ao retornar ao trabalho: o desejo de amamentar, embasado no valor que as mulheres dos dois grupos atribuíam ao aleitamento materno, bem como seus maridos e outras pessoas significativas (por exemplo: mãe, irmã, amigas. A duração do aleitamento exclusivo relacionou-se principalmente à orientação do pediatra que cuidava do bebê, que foi distinta em cada um dos grupos estudados. CONCLUSÃO: A existência da creche no local de trabalho aparece como elemento relevante para a manutenção do aleitamento após a licença de maternidade, especialmente o materno exclusivo. A decisão sobre quanto tempo amamentar de forma exclusiva esteve relacionada às informações recebidas acerca do assunto antes e durante a gestação, e no pós-parto. A diferença entre os dois grupos estudados foi que as mulheres que mantiveram o aleitamento exclusivo por quase seis meses acreditavam que quanto mais tempo dessem somente o leite materno, mais benefícios o bebê teria, enquanto as mulheres do outro grupo acreditavam que três meses de aleitamento exclusivo eram suficientes.OBJECTIVE: To investigate factors related to the decision of exclusive breastfeeding, and the planned and the actual duration among working women with free daycare available at workplace

  17. A proposal for evaluation of the owner capital cost for the Brazilian electric power sector; Uma proposta de avaliacao do custo do capital proprio para o setor de energia eletrica brasileiro

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Serrano, Ricardo Oliveira L.

    2003-12-01

    This work studies the owner capital cost of the brazilian electric sector, according to three methods: Comparable Accounting Earnings, that uses historical values in its measuring and Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) and the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), elaborated from the expected values. The obtained results by using the CAE method showed that the Brazilian electric sector has not been rewarded in its real necessity of maintenance and expansion. From this observation, it was considered appropriated not to take this method in the methodology presently proposed, which will be using only the single average of the CAPM and DCF models. The use of the results single average of this model presents the advantage of selecting specific characteristics of each one, and diluting the effects of occasional peak values. The owner capital cost obtained from this work was the average value of 19.73% for the studied period - 1995/2003 (17.12% for 2003), proximate to the obtained result by ANEEL - brazilian agency of electric power - for investments in energy distribution in Brazil, 17.47%, while Minardi and Sanvicente (2003) obtained 36.06% for the owner capital cost of CEMIG in 2002, specifically.

  18. THEORETICAL EVALUATION OF NONLINEAR EFFECTS ON OPTICAL WDM NETWORKS WITH VARIOUS FIBER TYPES

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    YASIN M. KARFAA

    2010-09-01

    Full Text Available A theoretical study is carried out to evaluate the performance of an opticalwavelength division multiplexing (WDM network transmission system in the presenceof crosstalk due to optical fiber nonlinearities. The most significant nonlinear effects inthe optical fiber which are Cross-Phase Modulation (XPM, Four-Wave Mixing (FWM,and Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS are investigated. Four types of optical fiber areincluded in the analysis; these are: single-mode fiber (SMF, dispersion compensationfiber (DCF, non-zero dispersion fiber (NZDF, and non-zero dispersion shifted fiber(NZDSF. The results represent the standard deviation of nonlinearity induced crosstalknoise power due to FWM and SRS, XPM power penalty for SMF, DCF, NZDF, andNZDSF types of fiber, besides the Bit Error Rate (BER for the three nonlinear effectsusing standard fiber type (SMF. It is concluded that three significant fiber nonlinearitiesare making huge limitations against increasing the launched power which is desired,otherwise, lower values of launched power limit network expansion including length,distance, covered areas, and number of users accessing the WDM network, unlesssuitable precautions are taken to neutralize the nonlinear effects. Besides, various fibertypes are not behaving similarly towards network parameters.

  19. Effects of a new foam formulation of ketoprofen lysine salt in experimental models of inflammation and hyperalgesia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Daffonchio, L; Bestetti, A; Clavenna, G; Fedele, G; Ferrari, M P; Omini, C

    1995-05-01

    The anti-inflammatory and analgesic profile of a new topical foam formulation of ketoprofen lysine salt (CAS 57469-78-0, Artrosilene Schiuma, KLS-foam) was characterized in comparison with marketed gel formulations containing KLS (KLS-gel) or diclofenac diethylammonium salt (DCF-gel). KLS-foam dose-dependently inhibited oedema formation and hyperalgesia induced by subplantar injection of carrageenan or substance P, being more potent than KLS-gel. At equieffective anti-inflammatory doses, KLS-foam provided a more pronounced analgesic effect than DCF-gel. KLS-foam also markedly inhibited exudate formation and prostaglandin production induced by subcutaneous implantation of carrageenan soaked sponges. In carrageenan induced paw inflammation, KLS-foam provided the same anti-inflammatory effect as orally administered KLS, but induced significantly less gastric damages. Oral administration of KLS resulted in sustained systemic absorption of ketoprofen, whereas after topical application of KLS-foam no appreciable ketoprofen plasma levels were detected. These data support the anti-inflammatory and particularly the analgesic effectiveness of the new foam formulation of KLS, a finding that, together with the high gastric tolerability, further emphasizes the usefulness of KLS-foam in the treatment of localized flogistic diseases and associated pain.

  20. El costo de capital y su incidencia en los métodos de flujo de caja descontados

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gustavo A. Pérez

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available Un estudio de factibilidad técnico económico en cualquier rama de la ingeniería o en cualquier tipo de negocio, implica conocer una medida de la rentabilidad del emprendimiento. Actualmente, nadie discute que para una toma de decisión fundamentada se deben utilizar los métodos de flujo de caja descontados (DCF, a pesar de que persisten otras formas muy difundidas (por ejemplo: período de repago, relación beneficio/costo. El objetivo del trabajo es analizar críticamente los métodos a utilizar para evaluar proyectos mutuamente excluyentes, como también proponer formas alternativas de análisis de rentabilidad que contemplen la incidencia de las distintas tasas y acoten la decisión de un modo adecuado. La propuesta presentada aquí permite ordenar alternativas excluyentes con criterios que contengan una visión mas completa. El resultado más interesante está relacionado con la sensibilidad de los métodos sobre las variables de decisión inherentes a estos.Palabras clave: DCF, costo de capital; proyectos excluyentes; rentabilidad de proyectos.

  1. Comprehensive clinical study of concurrent chemotherapy breathing IMRT middle part of locally advanced esophageal cancer

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jung, Jae Hong; Moon, Seong Kwon; Kim, Seung Chul

    2015-01-01

    The standard treatment of locally advanced type of mid-esophageal cancer is concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CRT). We evaluated the feasibility of chemotherapy with adding docetaxel to the classical basic regimens of cisplatin plus 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and radiotherapy up to 70.2 Gy using dose escalations for esophageal cancer. It was possible to escalate radiation treatment dose up to 70.2 Gy by the respiratory-gated intensity- modulated radiotherapy (gated-IMRT) based on the 4DCT-simulation, with improving target coverage and normal tissue (ex., lung, heart, and spinal cord) sparing. This study suggested that the definitive chemo-radiotherapy with docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil (i.e., DCF-R) and gating IMRT is tolerable and active in patients with locally advanced mid-esophageal cancer (AEC)

  2. Estudo pessoa-processo-contexto da qualidade das interações entre mãe-adolescente e seu bebê A person-process-context study of the quality of interactions between the teenage mother and her baby

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marc Bigras

    2007-10-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: entender os mecanismos de transmissão das dificuldades psicossociais, diante dos processos de interação entre a mãe-adolescente e filho. A hipótese é que a qualidade das trocas mãe-filho depende de fatores de riscos associados às características da mãe e características da criança. MÉTODO: OBSERvação direta da qualidade das trocas entre 97 adolescentes primíparas e filhos, de 4 meses de idade. As adolescentes estavam na faixa de 13-18 anos na 26ª semana de gravideze. As gestantes completaram questionários relativos à preparação à maternidade e história de abusos emocional. RESULTADOS: a falta de conhecimentos sobre o desenvolvimento e a natureza dos cuidados dispensados à criança está associada a trocas maternas insensíveis com a criança aos 4 meses. Observou-se um efeito de interação entre as características da mãe (conhecimentos da maternidade e abuso sexual antes do seu nascimento e o sexo do bebê. CONCLUSÃO: Estes efeitos de interação entre as características da mãe e de seu filho podem favorecer o ciclo de reciprocidade negativa que, com o tempo, interfere cada vez mais em relações interpessoais harmoniosas, mais freqüentemente observado quando os parceiros são reativos perante a adversidade, os quais estão em menor condições de pacificar as trocas.OBJECTIVE: To understand the transmission mechanisms of psychosocial difficulties prompted by teenage mother and baby interactions. The hypothesis is that the quality of the mother-child exchanges relies on linked with the characteristics of the mother, such as being abused and poor preparation for motherhood, as well as the characteristics of the child. METHOD: Direct observation of the quality of exchanges between 97 primipara adolescents and their four month old babies. The teens were 13-18 years old, in the 26th week of pregnancy, from four homes run by the Youth Center in Montréal and Rosalie-Jetté School. They completed questionnaires

  3. Reconocimiento y prevención de la tosferina(Recognizing and Preventing Whooping Cough)

    Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Podcasts

    Este podcast proporciona información acerca de los síntomas de la tosferina y la manera en que las vacunas pueden ayudar a prevenir esta grave enfermedad en personas de todas las edades. Es especialmente importante que las personas que tendrán contacto cercano con un bebé estén al día con la vacuna contra la tosferina.

  4. isa

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    Rosario Quesada

    El proyecto “La exposición a plaguicidas y su relación con el neurodesarrollo de bebés de 0 a 2 años: un análisis integrado de la sostenibilidad de sistemas de producción de banano y plátano” denominado Infantes y Salud ambiental (ISA) parte de la necesidad de evaluar y mejorar la sostenibilidad de sistemas de ...

  5. Multi-channel distributed coordinated function over single radio in wireless sensor networks.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Campbell, Carlene E-A; Loo, Kok-Keong Jonathan; Gemikonakli, Orhan; Khan, Shafiullah; Singh, Dhananjay

    2011-01-01

    Multi-channel assignments are becoming the solution of choice to improve performance in single radio for wireless networks. Multi-channel allows wireless networks to assign different channels to different nodes in real-time transmission. In this paper, we propose a new approach, Multi-channel Distributed Coordinated Function (MC-DCF) which takes advantage of multi-channel assignment. The backoff algorithm of the IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function (DCF) was modified to invoke channel switching, based on threshold criteria in order to improve the overall throughput for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) over 802.11 networks. We presented simulation experiments in order to investigate the characteristics of multi-channel communication in wireless sensor networks using an NS2 platform. Nodes only use a single radio and perform channel switching only after specified threshold is reached. Single radio can only work on one channel at any given time. All nodes initiate constant bit rate streams towards the receiving nodes. In this work, we studied the impact of non-overlapping channels in the 2.4 frequency band on: constant bit rate (CBR) streams, node density, source nodes sending data directly to sink and signal strength by varying distances between the sensor nodes and operating frequencies of the radios with different data rates. We showed that multi-channel enhancement using our proposed algorithm provides significant improvement in terms of throughput, packet delivery ratio and delay. This technique can be considered for WSNs future use in 802.11 networks especially when the IEEE 802.11n becomes popular thereby may prevent the 802.15.4 network from operating effectively in the 2.4 GHz frequency band.

  6. Seismotectonics of Bhutan: Evidence for segmentation of the Eastern Himalayas and link to foreland deformation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Diehl, Tobias; Singer, Julia; Hetényi, György; Grujic, Djordje; Clinton, John; Giardini, Domenico; Kissling, Edi; Gansser Working Group

    2017-08-01

    The instrumental record of Bhutan is characterized by a lower seismicity compared to other parts of the Himalayan arc. To understand this low activity and its impact on the seismic hazard, a seismic network was installed in Bhutan for 22 months between 2013 and 2014. Recorded seismicity, earthquake moment tensors and local earthquake tomography reveal along-strike variations in structure and crustal deformation regime. A thickened crust imaged in western Bhutan suggests lateral differences in stresses on the Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT), potentially affecting the interseismic coupling and deformation regime. Sikkim, western Bhutan and its foreland are characterized by strike-slip faulting in the Indian basement. Strain is particularly localized along a NW-SE striking mid-crustal fault zone reaching from Chungthang in northeast Sikkim to Dhubri at the northwestern edge of the Shillong Plateau in the foreland. The dextral Dhubri-Chungthang fault zone (DCF) causes segmentation of the Indian basement and the MHT between eastern Nepal and western Bhutan and connects the deformation front of the Himalaya with the Shillong Plateau by forming the western boundary of the Shillong block. The Kopili fault, the proposed eastern boundary of this block, appears to be a diffuse zone of mid-crustal seismicity in the foreland. In eastern Bhutan we image a seismogenic, flat portion of the MHT, which might be either related to a partially creeping segment or to increased background seismicity originating from the 2009 MW 6.1 earthquake. In western-central Bhutan clusters of micro-earthquakes at the front of the High-Himalayas indicate the presence of a mid-crustal ramp and stress buildup on a fully coupled MHT. The area bounded by the DCF in the west and the seismogenic MHT in the east has the potential for M7-8 earthquakes in Bhutan. Similarly, the DCF has the potential to host M7 earthquakes as documented by the 2011 Sikkim and the 1930 Dhubri earthquakes, which were potentially

  7. Beta-hydroxybutyrate increases reactive oxygen species in late but not in early postimplantation embryonic cells in vitro.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Forsberg, H; Eriksson, U J; Melefors, O; Welsh, N

    1998-02-01

    Embryonic dysmorphogenesis has been blocked by antioxidant treatment in vivo and in vitro, suggesting that embryonic excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has a role in the teratogenic process of diabetic pregnancy. We report that the basal levels of ROS in dispersed rat embryonic cells in vitro, as determined by fluorescence of dichlorofluorescein (DCF), were not different in cells from control and diabetic pregnancy at day 10 or 12. Beta-hydroxybutyrate (beta-HB) and succinic acid monomethyl ester both augmented DCF fluorescence in cells from day 12 embryos of normal and diabetic rats but not from day 10 embryos. Cells of day 10 and day 12 embryos from normal and diabetic rats responded to increasing glucose concentrations with a dosage-dependent alleviation of DCF fluorescence. Day 10 embryonic cells exhibited high glucose utilization rates and high pentose phosphate shunt rates, but low mitochondrial oxidation rates. Moreover, in vitro culture of embryos between gestational days 9 and 10 in the presence of 20% oxygen induced an increased and glucose-sensitive oxidation of glucose compared with embryos not cultured in vitro. At gestation day 12, however, pentose phosphate shunt rates showed a decrease, whereas the mitochondrial beta-HB oxidation rates were increased compared with those at gestation day 10. This was paralleled by a lower expression of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase- and phosphofructokinase-mRNA levels at day 12 than at day 10. On the other hand, H-ferritin mRNA expression at day 12 was high compared with day 10. None of the mRNA species investigated were affected by the diabetic state of the mother. It was concluded that beta-HB-induced stimulation of mitochondrial oxidative events may lead to the generation of ROS at gestational day 12, but probably not at day 10, when only a minute amount of mitochondrial activity occurs. Thus our results do not support the notion of diabetes-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress before the development of

  8. Phase II study of modified docetaxel, cisplatin, and fluorouracil with bevacizumab in patients with metastatic gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shah, Manish A; Jhawer, Minaxi; Ilson, David H; Lefkowitz, Robert A; Robinson, Edric; Capanu, Marinela; Kelsen, David P

    2011-03-01

    To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a modified administration schedule of docetaxel, cisplatin, and fluorouracil (mDCF) with bevacizumab in patients with advanced gastroesophageal malignancies. Previously untreated patients with metastatic gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma received bevacizumab 10 mg/kg, docetaxel 40 mg/m², fluorouracil 400 mg/m², leucovorin 400 mg/m² on day 1, fluorouracil 1,000 mg/m²/d × 2 days intravenous continuous infusion beginning on day 1, and cisplatin 40 mg/m² on day 3. The primary objective was to improve 6-month progression-free survival (PFS) from 43% (historical DCF control) to 63% with the addition of bevacizumab. The target accrual was 44 patients to have 10% type I and II error rates. In total, 44 eligible patients with cancer were enrolled from October 2006 to October 2008: 22 gastric, 20 gastroesophageal junction (GEJ), and two esophagus. In 39 patients with measurable disease, the confirmed response rate was 67% (95% CI, 50% to 81%). Six-month PFS was 79% (95% CI, 63% to 88%), and median PFS was 12 months (95% CI, 8.8 to 18.2 months). With 26-month follow-up, median overall survival (OS) was 16.8 months (95% CI, 12.1 to 26.1 months), and 2-year survival was 37%. Treatment-related grade 3 to 4 toxicity was as follows: neutropenia without fever (50%), fatigue (25%), venous thromboembolism (39%), and nausea, vomiting, mucositis, neuropathy, and febrile neutropenia less than 10% each. In subset analysis, diffuse gastric cancer had significantly worse PFS and OS, and the response rate in proximal/GEJ tumors was 85% (95% CI, 62% to 97%). mDCF with bevacizumab appears tolerable and has notable patient outcomes in patients with advanced gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma. Six-month PFS was 79%, surpassing our predefined efficacy end point, and median and 2-year OS were 16.8 months and 37%, respectively.

  9. Cross-Layer Scheme to Control Contention Window for Per-Flow in Asymmetric Multi-Hop Networks

    Science.gov (United States)

    Giang, Pham Thanh; Nakagawa, Kenji

    The IEEE 802.11 MAC standard for wireless ad hoc networks adopts Binary Exponential Back-off (BEB) mechanism to resolve bandwidth contention between stations. BEB mechanism controls the bandwidth allocation for each station by choosing a back-off value from one to CW according to the uniform random distribution, where CW is the contention window size. However, in asymmetric multi-hop networks, some stations are disadvantaged in opportunity of access to the shared channel and may suffer severe throughput degradation when the traffic load is large. Then, the network performance is degraded in terms of throughput and fairness. In this paper, we propose a new cross-layer scheme aiming to solve the per-flow unfairness problem and achieve good throughput performance in IEEE 802.11 multi-hop ad hoc networks. Our cross-layer scheme collects useful information from the physical, MAC and link layers of own station. This information is used to determine the optimal Contention Window (CW) size for per-station fairness. We also use this information to adjust CW size for each flow in the station in order to achieve per-flow fairness. Performance of our cross-layer scheme is examined on various asymmetric multi-hop network topologies by using Network Simulator (NS-2).

  10. The effects of ethanol addition with waste pork lard methyl ester on performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    John Panneer Selvam Dharmaraj

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available In the recent research, as a result of depletion of world petroleum reserves, considerable attention has been focused on the use of different alternative fuels in diesel engines. The present work aims to ensure the possibility of adding ethanol as an additive with animal fat biodiesel that is tested as an alternative fuel for diesel in a CI engine. In this study, biodiesel is obtained from waste pork lard by base-catalyzed transesterification with methanol when potassium hydroxide as catalyst. 2.5%, 5% and 7.5% by volume of ethanol is blended with neat biodiesel in order to improve performance and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine. The experimental work is carried out in a 3.7 kW, single cylinder, naturally aspirated, water cooled, direct injection diesel engine for different loads and at a constant speed of 1500 rpm. The performance, emission and combustion characteristics of biodiesel-ethanol blends are investigated by comparing them with neat biodiesel and standard diesel. The experimental test results showed that the combustion and performance characteristics improved with the increase in percentage of ethanol addition with biodiesel. When compared to neat biodiesel and standard diesel, an increase in brake thermal efficiency of 5.8% and 4.1% is obtained for BEB7.5 blend at full load of the engine. With the increase in percentage of ethanol fraction in the blends, peak cylinder pressure and the corresponding heat release rate are increased. Biodiesel-ethanol blends exhibit longer ignition delay and shorter combustion duration when compared to neat biodiesel. Optimum reduction in carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbon and smoke emission are attained while using BEB5 blend at full load of the engine. However, there is an adverse effect in case of nitrogen oxide emission.

  11. Comparison of computational models for estimation of whole body and organ radiation dose in rainbow trout from uptake of iodine-131 - Comparison of rainbow trout phantoms for estimation of whole body and organ radiation dose rates from uptake of iodine-131 in freshwater systems

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Martinez, Nicole E. [Department of Environmental and Engineering Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 29634 (United States); Johnson, Thomas E.; Ruedig, Elizabeth; Pinder, John E. III [Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, 1681 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523 (United States)

    2014-07-01

    Internal radiation dose rates to biota are typically calculated utilizing dose conversion factors (DCF), which are values for absorbed dose rate per activity concentration (i.e. mGy d{sup -1} per Bq g{sup -1}). The current methodology employed by both the ICRP and within the ERICA Integrated Approach for calculating dose conversion coefficients is to use Monte Carlo modeling of a homogeneously distributed radionuclide within an ellipsoidal phantom chosen to represent a particular organism. It has been shown that for whole-body DCF, homogenous distribution is a reasonable assumption for electrons, and is associated with an uncertainty of less than 30% for photons. However, if a radionuclide has a specific tissue tropism (e.g. iodine-131 in thyroid) a much higher dose will be received by the organ or tissue than by the whole body. Internal organs are modeled generically as spheres within the ellipsoid phantom, due to the complex and variable nature of organ structure and arrangement within different types of organisms. Ratios of whole-body to organ mass offer conservative conversions of whole-body to organ specific DCF (Gomez-Ros et al 2008), but may considerably overestimate the organ dose; more accurate estimates can be made based on specific absorbed fractions and activity concentrations. Establishment of appropriate screening levels in the regulatory paradigm requires incorporation of sufficient knowledge of dose effects; the ICRP currently lists no derived consideration reference levels for organs, meaning that specific risks associated with organ dose rates are unavailable (ICRP 108). Model comparison and refinement is important in the process of determining both dose rates and dose effects, and here we develop and compare three models for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): the simple geometry described above, a more specific geometry employing anatomically relevant organ size and location, and voxel reconstruction of internal anatomy obtained from CT imaging

  12. Cogeneration plant in a pasta factory: Energy saving and environmental benefit

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Panno, Domenico; Messineo, Antonio; Dispenza, Antonella

    2007-01-01

    Italy produces approximately 4,520,000 tons of pasta annually, which is about 67% of its total productive potential. As factories need electric and thermal energy simultaneously, combined heat and power (CHP) systems are the most suitable. This paper describes a feasibility study of a CHP plant in a pasta factory in Italy while analyzing energy saving and environmental benefits. Commercially available CHP systems suitable for the power range of energy demand in pasta production use reciprocating engines or gas turbines. This study demonstrates how their use can reduce both energy costs and CO 2 equivalent greenhouse gas emission in the environment. An economic analysis was performed following the methodology set out by Italian National Agency for Technology, Energy and Environment (ENEA) based on a discounted cash flow (DCF) method called 'Valore Attuale Netto' (VAN), which uses a cash flow based on the saving of energy when using different energy processes

  13. Coherent Imaging at 2.4 THz with a CW Quantum Cascade Laser Transmitter

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    of the source, or signal bandwidth, with consequent improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio. Image data obtained with the system will be...reciprocal of the source, or signal bandwidth, with consequent improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio. Image data obtained with the system will be...b) 2.4 THz image of the medal. The words “Boston Athletic Association” and the unicorn are well-resolved. However, the words “113 Boston Marathon

  14. An ultra-wideband tunable multi-wavelength Brillouin fibre laser based on a semiconductor optical amplifier and dispersion compensating fibre in a linear cavity configuration

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zulkifli, M Z; Ahmad, H; Hassan, N A; Jemangin, M H; Harun, S W

    2011-01-01

    A multi-wavelength Brillouin fibre laser (MBFL) with an ultra-wideband tuning range from 1420 nm to 1620 nm is demonstrated. The MBFL uses an ultra-wideband semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) and a dispersion compensating fibre (DCF) as the linear gain medium and nonlinear gain medium, respectively. The proposed MBFL has a wide tuning range covering the short (S-), conventional (C-) and long (L-) bands with a wavelength spacing of 0.08 nm, making it highly suitable for DWDM system applications. The output power of the observed Brillouin Stokes ranges approximately from -5.94 dBm to -0.41 dBm for the S-band, from -4.34 dBm to 0.02 dBm for the C-band and from -2.19 dBm to 0.39 dBm for the L-band. The spacing between each adjacent wavelengths of all the three bands is about 0.08 nm, which is approximately 10.7 GHz for the frequency domain. (lasers)

  15. Causas de insônia nos primeiros anos de vida e repercussão nas mães: atualização Causes of insomnia in the first years of life and maternal consequences: an update

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eduardina Tenenbojm

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Revisar a literatura sobre insônia de crianças pequenas e seus aspectos relacionados às repercussões familiares, à abordagem pediátrica e ao seu tratamento. FONTES DE DADOS: Levantamento de publicações indexadas no Medline e Lilacs entre os anos de 1998 e 2008, rastreadas com a combinação dos descritores: "sleep", "insomnia", "child", "depression", "mother-child relationship", além de teses e capítulos de livros pertinentes ao assunto. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: A insônia da criança pequena, definida como dificuldade repetida em iniciar e/ou manter o sono, é queixa frequente na clínica pediátrica e usualmente traz repercussões nos pais relativas à privação de sono. Aos dois a três meses de idade, há condições biológicas para consolidação das horas de sono à noite; estando a conduta parental associada às dificuldades neste processo. Estudos demonstram que há associação entre insônia do bebê e depressão nas mães, e a insônia pode ser manifestação de dificuldades no desenvolvimento psíquico da criança pequena, que acontece na relação com sua mãe. CONCLUSÕES: O ritmo de sono nos bebês pode e deve estabelecer-se precocemente; os hábitos para o sono devem basear-se nas medidas de higiene do sono. A depressão nas mães, que pode contribuir para a insônia do bebê, idealmente poderia ser detectada pelo pediatra, prevenindo esse comprometimento das mães e de seus bebês.OBJECTIVE: To review the literature on insomnia in small children, its aspects related to effects on parents, pediatric approach and treatment. DATA SOURCES: A survey of publications indexed in Medline and Lilacs between the years 1998 and 2008, searched through the combination of the descriptors "sleep", "insomnia", "child", "depression", "mother-child relationship", besides thesis and chapters of books concerning the subject. DATA SYNTHESIS: The small child insomnia, defined as repeated difficulty in initiating and/or maintaining

  16. Fatores associados ao início da amamentação em uma cidade do sul do Brasil Factors associated with the initiation of breastfeeding in a city in the south of Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Regina Bosenbecker da Silveira

    2008-03-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: identificar as características - maternas, dos bebês e das maternidades - associadas com o início da amamentação na primeira hora após o parto. MÉTODOS: estudo transversal aninhado em coorte que acompanhou bebês de mães residentes em Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul. As mães responderam a questionário padronizado, com dados referentes a fatores demográficos e socioeconômicos, pré-natal, características maternas do bebê, da maternidade, condições de nascimento e início da amamentação. As entrevistas foram realizadas através de visitas diárias às maternidades, respeitando um período mínimo de quatro horas após o parto. Foram realizadas análise univariada, bivariada e regressão logística. RESULTADOS: foram entrevistadas 2741 mães, sendo que 35,5% amamentaram na primeira hora pós-parto. As que mais precocemente iniciaram a amamentação foram as de menor idade, menor escolaridade e menor renda. Mães cujo parto foi cesárea tiveram um risco cerca de duas vezes maior de não amamentar na primeira hora de vida. CONCLUSÕES: é importante a indicação adequada do tipo de parto, pois a cesárea aumenta o tempo de separação mãe-bebê. É relevante estimular a expansão da Iniciativa Hospital Amigo da Criança, pela capacidade de promover e proteger o aleitamento.OBJECTIVES: to identify characteristics of mothers, babies and nursing associated with the initiation of breastfeeding in the first hour of birth. METHODS: this was a cross-sectional study nested in a cohort of newborns whose mothers were residents in the city of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The mothers answered a questionnaire, which provided data referring to demographic and socioeconomic factors, prenatal period, maternal, neonatal and nursery characteristics, birth conditions, and initiation of breastfeeding. The interviews were carried out by way of daily visits to all nurseries, allowing for a minimum period of four hours after delivery

  17. The possible false-detection of a transiting brown dwarf candidate in the overlapping fields of Kepler and MARVELS

    Science.gov (United States)

    Reyes, Alan; Ge, Jian; Thomas, Neil; Ma, Bo; Heslar, Michael Francis; SDSS-III MARVELS Team

    2016-01-01

    While searching for exoplanets via the transit method, it has been documented that the periodicity of an unresolved background eclipsing binary (BEB) can be misinterpreted as the orbital companion of a target star. We explore the possibility that this false-positive contamination method can also occur in Doppler surveys if the angular separation between a BEB and a selected primary is under a certain threshold, dependent on the fiber diameter of the spectrometer instrument. The case example of this investigation is a K2 giant in the constellation Cygnus, in the region of overlap of the Kepler and MARVELS surveys. This star was originally flagged for potentially having a 5.56d period companion as per the Kepler transit photometry. It was also imbricated with radial velocity (RV) observations performed by the SDSS-III MARVELS survey, in which Doppler information was extracted from along the dispersion direction of the fiducially-calibrated, post-pipeline-rendered spectra. The 5.56d period was corroborated after testing its probability against that of others via a Lomb-Scargle periodogram analysis. The pipeline mass determination yielded a ~17 MJupiter companion, within the characteristic mass-range of brown dwarfs. The MARVELS results seem to constitute an independent discovery, and hence confirmation, of the brown dwarf candidate. However, a later investigation conducted by EXPERT, intent upon refining the system's physical parameters, failed to identify the RV signal of any companion whatsoever. EXPERT, with its superior resolving power (R=30,000 vs R=11,000 in MARVELS), finer fiber width (1.2 vs 1.9 arcsec), and higher degree of precision (~10 m/s), was expected to finalize the confirmation, but now offers a major challenge to previous models of the system. Additionally, high-resolution adaptive optics imaging reveals the presence of a distinct, close-in object. The object may itself be an unbound BEB, and thus the source of the period signals reported by Kepler

  18. Avaliação de sintomas de ansiedade e depressão em mães de neonatos pré-termo durante e após hospitalização em UTI-Neonatal Anxiety and depression symptoms assessment in pre-term neonates' mothers during and after hospitalization in neonatal intensive care unit

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Flávia Helena Pereira Padovani

    2004-12-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Identificar sintomas em nível clínico de ansiedade, disforia e depressão em mães de neonatos pré-termo, comparando dois momentos, durante e após a hospitalização do bebê em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN. MÉTODOS: 43 mães de neonatos pré-termo de muito baixo peso, sem antecedentes psiquiátricos, foram avaliadas através dos Inventários de Ansiedade Traço-Estado e de Depressão de Beck. Foram realizadas duas avaliações, uma durante a hospitalização do bebê e outra após a alta hospitalar. RESULTADOS: Na primeira avaliação, 44% das mães apresentaram sintomas clínicos de ansiedade, disforia e/ou depressão. Após a alta hospitalar do bebê, houve redução significativa do número de mães (26% com esses sintomas clínicos em relação à primeira avaliação (pOBJECTIVE: To identify clinical level of anxiety, dysphoria and depression symptoms of pre-term infants' mothers between two moments, during and after hospitalization in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU. METHODS: Previously, mothers with psychiatric background were excluded of the study. Forty-three pre-term and very low birthweight infants' mothers were assessed through State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory. The assessments were done during and after hospitalization, respectively. RESULTS: In the first assessment, 44% mothers showed clinical level in one or more of the emotional symptoms, such as anxiety, dysphoria or depression. After infants' discharge, the number of mothers with clinical level of emotional symptoms decreased significantly (26% in comparison of the first assessment (p<0.008. The anxiety-state level decreased significantly from the first to the second assessment (from 35% to 12%; p<0.006. No difference in depression and dysphoria symptoms between two assessments were found. CONCLUSION:The pre-term infants' mothers presented situational anxiety and required emotional support to cope with the infants

  19. Preparative scale production of functional mouse aquaporin 4 using different cell-free expression modes.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lei Kai

    Full Text Available The continuous progress in the structural and functional characterization of aquaporins increasingly attracts attention to study their roles in certain mammalian diseases. Although several structures of aquaporins have already been solved by crystallization, the challenge of producing sufficient amounts of functional proteins still remains. CF (cell free expression has emerged in recent times as a promising alternative option in order to synthesize large quantities of membrane proteins, and the focus of this report was to evaluate the potential of this technique for the production of eukaryotic aquaporins. We have selected the mouse aquaporin 4 as a representative of mammalian aquaporins. The protein was synthesized in an E. coli extract based cell-free system with two different expression modes, and the efficiencies of two modes were compared. In both, the P-CF (cell-free membrane protein expression as precipitate mode generating initial aquaporin precipitates as well as in the D-CF (cell-free membrane protein expression in presence of detergent mode, generating directly detergent solubilized samples, we were able to obtain mg amounts of protein per ml of cell-free reaction. Purified aquaporin samples solubilized in different detergents were reconstituted into liposomes, and analyzed for the water channel activity. The calculated P(f value of proteoliposome samples isolated from the D-CF mode was 133 µm/s at 10°C, which was 5 times higher as that of the control. A reversible inhibitory effect of mercury chloride was observed, which is consistent with previous observations of in vitro reconstituted aquaporin 4. In this study, a fast and convenient protocol was established for functional expression of aquaporins, which could serve as basis for further applications such as water filtration.

  20. A Study on the Economic Analysis for Overseas Project of New Nuclear Power Plant Using Binomial Option Pricing Model and Monte Carlo Simulation

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kim, Beong Gwon; Roh, Myung Sub [KEPCO International Nuclear Graduate School, Ulsan (Korea, Republic of)

    2014-10-15

    Real options approach is suitable for evaluation of large-scale investment project with great uncertainties. Takizawa and Omori (2001) introduced a real option approach to calculate electricity price for economic feasibility. Rothwell (2006) modeled the net present value (NPV) of building an ABWR in Texas using ROA to determine the risk premium associated with net revenue uncertainty. W.C Yoon (2006) evaluated nuclear power plant construction value using DCF and ROA with sensitivity analysis. The value evaluations involved with nuclear power are very uncertain. This is because of a long period of construction as well as the cost uncertainties of decommissioning and nuclear waste management. Even more elements should be considered in new nuclear power valuation, including the uncertainty from the technology, operating costs, the potential risk of radiation, electricity mechanism and climate policy. In this respect, a traditional method such as discounted cash flow (DCF) can't fully catch the impacts of these uncertainties on nuclear power investment. So it is necessary to develop a proper method to handle such kinds of uncertainties to evaluate the new deployment of nuclear power plants. Meanwhile, overseas construction projects which are required capital investment, localization by target countries are increasing in these days. These elements may influence the uncertainty of project too.

  1. Antioxidant potential properties of mushroom extract (Agaricus bisporus) against aluminum-induced neurotoxicity in rat brain.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Waly, Mostafa I; Guizani, Nejib

    2014-09-01

    Aluminum (Al) is an environmental toxin that induces oxidative stress in neuronal cells. Mushroom cultivar extract (MCE) acted as a potent antioxidant agent and protects against cellular oxidative stress in human cultured neuronal cells. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of MCE against Al-induced neurotoxicity in rat brain. Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups (10 rats per group), control group, MCE-fed group, Al-administered group and MCE/Al-treated group. Animals were continuously fed ad-libitum their specific diets for 4 weeks. At the end of the experiment, all rats were sacrificed and the brain tissues were homogenized and examined for biochemical measurements of neurocellular oxidative stress indices [glutathione (GSH), Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), antioxidant enzymes and oxidized dichlorofluorescein (DCF)]. Al-administration caused inhibition of antioxidant enzymes and a significant decrease in GSH and TAC levels, meanwhile it positively increased cellular oxidized DCF level, as well as Al concentration in brain tissues. Feeding animals with MCE had completely offset the Al-induced oxidative stress and significantly restrict the Al accumulation in brain tissues of Al-administered rats. The results obtained suggest that MCE acted as a potent dietary antioxidant and protects against Al-mediated neurotoxicity, by abrogating neuronal oxidative stress.

  2. Pro-inflammatory effects of interleukin-17A on vascular smooth muscle cells involve NAD(P)H- oxidase derived reactive oxygen species.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pietrowski, Eweline; Bender, Bianca; Huppert, Jula; White, Robin; Luhmann, Heiko J; Kuhlmann, Christoph R W

    2011-01-01

    T cells are known for their contribution to the inflammatory element of atherosclerosis. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the Th17 derived cytokine IL-17 is involved in the pro-inflammatory response of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). The aim of the present study was to examine whether reactive oxygen species (ROS) might be involved in this context. The effect of IL-17A on ROS generation was examined using the fluorescent dye 2'7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein (H(2)DCF) in primary murine VSMC. IL-17A induced an increase in H(2)DCF fluorescence in VSMC, and this effect was blocked by the NAD(P)H-oxidase inhibitor apocynin and siRNA targeting Nox2. The p38-MAPK inhibitors SB203580 and SB202190 dose-dependently reduced the IL-17A induced ROS production. The IL-17A induced release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, G-CSF, GM-CSF and MCP-1 from VSMC, as detected by the Luminex technology, was completely abolished by NAD(P)H-oxidase inhibition. Taken together, our data indicate that IL-17A causes the NAD(P)H-oxidase dependent generation of ROS leading to a pro-inflammatory activation of VSMC. Copyright © 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel.

  3. A Discounted Cash Flow variant to detect the optimal amount of additional burdens in Public-Private Partnership transactions.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Copiello, Sergio

    2016-01-01

    The Discounted Cash Flow method is a long since well-known tool to assess the feasibility of investment projects, as the background which shapes a broad range of techniques, from the Cost-Benefit Analysis up to the Life-Cycle Cost Analysis. Its rationale lies in the comparison of deferred values, only once they have been discounted back to the present. The DCF variant proposed here fits into a specific application field. It is well-suited to the evaluations required in order to structure equitable transactions under the umbrella of Public-Private Partnership. •The discount rate relies upon the concept of expected return on equity, instead than on those of weighted average cost of capital, although the latter is the most common reference within the scope of real estate investment valuation.•Given a feasible project, whose Net Present Value is more than satisfactory, we aim to identify the amount of the additional burdens that could be charged to the project, under the condition of keeping the same economically viable.•The DCF variant essentially deals with an optimization problem, which can be solved by means of simple one-shot equations, derived from financial mathematics, or through iterative calculations if additional constraints must be considered.

  4. Removal of Pharmaceuticals from Wastewater by Intermittent Electrocoagulation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Benny Marie B. Ensano

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available The continuous release of emerging contaminants (ECs in the aquatic environment, as a result of the inadequate removal by conventional treatment methods, has prompted research to explore viable solutions to this rising global problem. One promising alternative is the use of electrochemical processes since they represent a simple and highly efficient technology with less footprint. In this paper, the feasibility of treating ECs (i.e., pharmaceuticals using an intermittent electrocoagulation process, a known electrochemical technology, has been investigated. Diclofenac (DCF, carbamazepine (CBZ and amoxicillin (AMX were chosen as being representative of highly consumed drugs that are frequently detected in our water resources and were added in synthetic municipal wastewater. The removal efficiencies of both individual and combined pharmaceuticals were determined under different experimental conditions: hydraulic retention time (HRT (6, 19 and 38 h, initial concentration (0.01, 4 and 10 mg/L and intermittent application (5 min ON/20 min OFF of current density (0.5, 1.15 and 1.8 mA/cm2. Results have shown that these parameters have significant effects on pharmaceutical degradation. Maximum removals (DCF = 90%, CBZ = 70% and AMX = 77% were obtained at a current density of 0.5 mA/cm2, an initial concentration of 10 mg/L and HRT of 38 h.

  5. Recommended Practices for Interactive Video Portability

    Science.gov (United States)

    1990-10-01

    digl.beb a~ ~loa eelng " MWW11011er11fibs 101fih ~ ising. (111111 96 ed moamb.ning ft. did needed wind cWmpl end re o~ -be ...ta If ahlme . Saenelnefllb...return Default if extended number value value parameter (decimal) not used errno Core 21 Integer Error number None Causes ________ _____error pmsg Core...will be returned. Pmsg parameter The pmsg parameter for the binary interface has an associated return value that points to the location of the

  6. The Cognition of Hunger and Eating Behaviours

    OpenAIRE

    Lucio Sibilia

    2010-01-01

    Hunger is a poorly defined cognition, assumed to motivate overeating, but there is no firm evidence that the intensity of a sense of hunger is related to overweight. Recent research has suggested instead that irregular eating habits, as deriving from dieting, emotional stressors or other causes may have a role in the weight gain of obese people. These "borderline eating behaviours" (or BEB), targeted in cognitive behavioural therapy of obesity, were found associated to the body mass index bot...

  7. Genetic polymorphism of Streptococcus mutans in Brazilian family members Polimorfismo genético de Streptococcus mutans em membros de famílias brasileiras

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Denise Madalena Palomari Spolidorio

    2003-07-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this study was to determine whether random amplified polymorphic DNA (AP-PCR analysis is able to differentiate genetically different clones of mutans streptococci, in 22 Brazilian family members. Stimulated saliva samples were collected from fathers, mothers and infants. For 5-18 months babies with erupting primary dentition, plaque samples were collected using sterile tooth pick tips. From these samples, mutans streptococci were isolated on SB-20 agar plates. After growth, representative colonies were identified by biochemical methods on the basis of carbohydrate fermentation. Streptococcus mutans isolates were obtained from all family members and AP-PCR typed separately with a random primer (OPA-13. Bacterial cell lysates were used as template in PCR reactions and the amplified DNA fragments obtained were compared by agarose gel electrophoresis. Results demonstrated that the father shared the baby's genotype in three families and the mother shared the baby's genotype in 12 families seven babies harbored Streptococcus mutans strains similar to those of their siblings. The technique was able to demonstrate the genetic Streptococcus mutans in Brazilian family members.O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar, através da técnica de reação em cadeia da polimerase com primers arbitrários (AP-PCR a capacidade de diferenciar clones geneticamente distintos de Streptococcus mutans e estabelecer o grau de similaridade intrafamilial para os isolados. Para o presente estudo, foram selecionadas 22 famílias brasileiras. Amostras de saliva foram coletadas de todos os membros das famílias. Das crianças com idade entre 5-18 meses obteve-se amostras de placa dental. Após o isolamento das colônias com características morfológicas, realizou-se a identificação bioquímica com base na fermentação de carboidratos. O polimorfismo genético de Streptococcus mutans foi pesquisado através da técnica de AP-PCR utilizando-se o primer OPA-13. Os

  8. Experimental Demonstration of an Electro-Absorption Modulated Laser for High-Speed Transmissions at 1.55-μm Window Using Digital Signal Processing

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fotini Karinou

    2017-02-01

    Full Text Available We experimentally investigate the transmission performance of 56 Gb/s four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4 over 30-km standard single mode fiber (SMF using a C-band EML for low-cost metro and short-reach wavelength division multiplexing (WDM applications. Bit error rate (BER performance below the HD-FEC threshold is achieved for up to 30-km maximum reported distance without employing dispersion compensation fiber (DCF in the link.

  9. Intervención grupal para reducir la sintomatología depresiva y promover la sensibilidad materna en embarazadas chilenas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcia Olhaberry

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available La sintomatología depresiva es frecuente en el embarazo y repercute en el posparto y en el vínculo madre-bebé. Se reportan los resultados de una intervención grupal de 5 sesiones para reducir la sintomatología depresiva y promover una adecuada sensibilidad materna. Participaron 134 embarazadas con antecedentes de depresión (grupo experimental = 88 y grupo control = 46. Se evaluó sintomatología depresiva (Inventario para la Depresión de Beck, resolución de problemas sociales (Inventario de Resolución de Problemas Sociales Abreviado, sensibilidad materna, cooperatividad infantil y riesgo vincular (Índice Experimental de Relación Niño-Adulto en ambos grupos. Se observó una reducción significativa de la sintomatología depresiva, así como un incremento de las habilidades para la resolución de problemas sociales en el grupo intervenido. Este grupo muestra también puntajes significativamente mayores en sensibilidad materna y cooperatividad infantil, así como menores frecuencias de riesgo vincular en la evaluación postintervención. Se discute la relevancia de desarrollar estrategias de intervención durante el embarazo, considerando su impacto en la sensibilidad materna, en la calidad de las interacciones madre-bebé y en las habilidades de las madres para resolver problemas.

  10. Avaliação da fenda palpebral após aplicação de toxina botulínica tipo A em pacientes com distonias faciais

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mariana Eleonora Pereira Cunial

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar a medida da fenda palpebral em pacientes com blefaroespasmo essencial benigno (BEB e espasmo hemifacial (EHF após a aplicação periocular de toxina botulínica tipo A. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados pacientes portadores de BEB e EHF submetidos à injeção periocular de toxina botulínica tipo A pela técnica inner orbital de aplicação. Os pacientes foram fotografados em PPO antes da aplicação e catorze dias depois dela. A fenda palpebral foi mensurada nestas imagens por meio de processamento computadorizado de imagens, utilizando o programa ImageJ. As alterações da fenda palpebral foram observadas comparando-se as medidas obtidas no pré e pós-aplicação. RESULTADOS: Comparando-se as imagens obtidas com o programa ImageJ, houve aumento estatisticamente significante (p<0,001 da fenda palpebral em 14 olhos (51,8% após a aplicação de injeção periocular da toxina botulínica e nenhuma das imagens analisadas apresentou diminuição da fenda palpebral. CONCLUSÃO: No presente estudo, os pacientes portadores de distonias faciais apresentaram aumento de fenda palpebral estatisticamente significante após aplicação periocular de toxina botulínica tipo A.

  11. Avaliação dos níveis de resposta das emissões otoacústicas em neonatos com asfixia perinatal

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Georgea Espindola Ribeiro

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da asfixia perinatal sobre os níveis de resposta das emissões otoacústicas por estímulo transiente em lactentes. Métodos: Foi realizado, para comparação, o registro das emissões otoacústicas transientes em 154 neonatos: 54 bebês que sofreram asfixia perinatal, medida pela escala de Apgar e diagnóstico médico ao nascimento, e 100 bebês sem risco. Escores abaixo de 4 no primeiro minuto e/ou menores que 6 no quinto minuto foram considerados "Apgar baixo". A análise estatística do conjunto de dados foi efetuada utilizando-se os testes não paramétricos de Kruskal, Wilcoxon e Mann-Whitney. Resultados: Foram observados menores níveis de resposta nas emissões otoacústicas transientes para o grupo que sofreu asfixia perinatal, com valores estatisticamente significantes para as frequências de 2000, 3000 e 4000Hz na orelha direita e 2000 e 4000Hz na orelha esquerda. Conclusão: A análise das características intrínsecas do exame de emissões otoacústicas transientes mostrou baixo desempenho das células ciliadas externas em neonatos que tiveram asfixia perinatal, o que pode afetar o desenvolvimento das habilidades auditivas nessa população.

  12. O que quer dizer educação emancipatória na creche para as crianças de 0-3 anos? Entre o adultocentrismo e a descolonização

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    Solange Estanislau dos Santos

    2015-08-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo discutirá a creche como espaço de emancipação humana e de construção de epistemologias e experiências descolonizadoras. Pensar numa educação emancipatória desde o nascimento pressupõe-se desconstruir várias concepções que percorrem o imaginário e a práxis educativa das instituições brasileiras e que, por muito tempo, invisibilizaram as crianças pequenas e os bebês. É preciso colocar de ponta cabeça os modos de pensar as crianças pequenininhas e os espaços educativos. É necessário trazer as especificidades, as multiplicidades e as possibilidades desses sujeitos históricos e concretos que produzem culturas infantis e resistem a colonização, a opressão e a subordinação da sociedade adultocêntrica. Para isso, posicionamos nosso olhar na tensão das abordagens marxistas em direção as perspectivas pós-colonialistas a fim de antropofagicamente produzir inspirações teóricas e metodológicas para pensar as crianças, as infâncias e a educação infantil. Palavras-chave: Emancipação; creche; crianças pequenas; bebês; culturas infantis; adultocentrismo; pedagogia descolonizadora.

  13. PROMOÇÃO DA SAÚDE ÀS GENITORAS DE BEBÊS PREMATUROS: AÇÃO DA ENFERMAGEM NA ALTA HOSPITALAR

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    Anailza De Souza Duarte

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available La prematuridad es la principal causa de hospitalización en las unidades neonatales configurada como problema de salud pública. Tuvo como objetivo conocer el punto de vista del equipo de enfermería sobre la ejecución de acciones con las madres ante el alta hospitalaria del prematuro. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo, llevado a cabo en un hospital de Barbalha-CE, Brasil, con doce miembros del equipo de enfermería que atienden madres de bebés prematuros en la unidad citada, en 2008. Los datos obtenidos fueron analizados mediante la categorización de las pláticas y el método de análisis de contenido. Surgieron a partir del estudio los siguientes temas: preparación materna para el alta del prematuro; orientaciones de enfermería para el cuidado con el prematuro y dificultades en la preparación de la madre para el alta del prematuro. Se comprobó que la realización de la Educación en la Salud para el alta hospitalaria del bebé prematuro es importante para el desarrollo de la confianza materna al tener que cuidar a su hijo, lo que influye en la calidad de vida después del alta hospitalaria.

  14. Apego materno fetal em gestantes que vivem com HIV/Aids

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    Evelise Rigoni de Faria

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available A gestação no contexto do HIV/Aids é geralmente acompanhada de intensa ansiedade devido à possível transmissão materno infantil do vírus. Este estudo investigou o apego materno fetal em gestantes que viviam com HIV (n = 88, em comparação a gestantes não portadoras do vírus (n = 79, através da Escala de Apego Materno fetal. Os resultados não revelaram diferenças entre as gestantes quanto ao escore total de apego materno fetal. Entretanto, os dados sugerem que o apego materno fetal pode se manifestar de maneira peculiar entre as gestantes que vivem com HIV/Aids: as interações mãe-bebê parecem focar o momento presente da gestação, e os cuidados de saúde com o bebê parecem atrelados àqueles voltados à saúde materna diante da infecção. É possível que a escala não seja suficientemente sensível para eventuais diferenças associadas ao contexto do HIV/Aids. Sugere-se que novos estudos revisem os itens da escala visando maior aproximação das particularidades suscitadas pela infecção quanto ao apego materno fetal.

  15. Adolescent pregnancy from a family perspective: sharing projects of life and care

    OpenAIRE

    Silva, Lucía; Tonete, Vera Lúcia Pamplona [UNESP

    2006-01-01

    Estudo qualitativo, que objetivou apreender o significado da gravidez da adolescente para seus familiares. Empregou-se a entrevista semi-estruturada e discurso do sujeito coletivo. A gravidez da adolescente é representada como problema a ser enfrentado com o suporte familiar. As famílias preocupam-se e se mobilizam para resolver as adversidades. Além do choque pela notícia, impotência quanto à prevenção da gravidez, conformismo, alegria e melhora no relacionamento familiar pela chegada do beb...

  16. A gravidez na adolescência sob a perspectiva dos familiares: compartilhando projetos de vida e cuidado

    OpenAIRE

    Silva, Lucía; Tonete, Vera Lúcia Pamplona

    2006-01-01

    Estudo qualitativo, que objetivou apreender o significado da gravidez da adolescente para seus familiares. Empregou-se a entrevista semi-estruturada e discurso do sujeito coletivo. A gravidez da adolescente é representada como problema a ser enfrentado com o suporte familiar. As famílias preocupam-se e se mobilizam para resolver as adversidades. Além do choque pela notícia, impotência quanto à prevenção da gravidez, conformismo, alegria e melhora no relacionamento familiar pela chegada do beb...

  17. Gestão de efluentes nas explorações leiteiras do Entre Douro e Minho Slurry management in the milk farms of Entre Douro e Minho

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis Miguel Brito

    2011-07-01

    Full Text Available Na bacia leiteira primária (BLP da região de Entre Douro e Minho (EDM, Portugal, existe uma pressão ambiental muito forte provocada pelo chorume das explorações de pecuária leiteira (EPL intensiva, em concelhos densamente povoados. A superfície agrícola útil (SAU por EPL aproxima-se dos 10 ha, sendo 97% de regadio. O encabeçamento ultrapassa as 5 CN/ha e a sua variabilidade é independente da SAU/EPL. Os efluentes são aplicados ao solo (95 m³/ha SAU principalmente nas culturas de milho na Primavera e de azevém no Outono, e correspondem a uma quantidade anual média de azoto de 266 kg/ha. As fossas possuem uma capacidade de armazenamento de quase 40 m³/ha SAU ou 7,6 m³/CN, permitindo o armazenamento por um período de 5 meses, para o conjunto dos 10 concelhos da BLP. Para minimizar o impacto ambiental e aumentar a eficiência da utilização do chorume na BLP são referidos um conjunto de boas práticas agrícolas.The primary milk production zone (PMPZ of the region of Entre Douro e Minho (EDM, Portugal is under strong environmental pressure caused by intensive dairy cattle farms (DCF in high-density population areas. Arable land (AL of these DCF is around 10 ha, of which 97% is irrigated land. The number of milking cows (Livestock unit, LU is greater than 5 LU/ha and its variability does not depend upon the AL/DCF. The slurry is mainly applied to the soil surface (95 m³/ha before sowing maize in the spring, and Italian ryegrass in autumn, at rates of 266 kg/ha per year. Slurry tanks have a mean capacity of almost 40 m³/ha or 7.6 m³/LU, enough for a 5 month storage period, for the overall 10 districts of the PMPZ. To minimize environmental impacts and increase the use efficiency of slurry a series of good farming practices and strategies are discussed.

  18. Induction of complete courtship ritual in Amblyomma cajennense using 2,6-dichlorophenol at female-equivalent quantities Indução dos comportamentos de cortejo em Amblyomma cajennense pelo 2,6-diclorofenol em quantidades equivalentes às das fêmeas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kennedy Kiriira Gachoka

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available In order to clarify the role of 2,6-dichlorophenol (2,6-DCP in the courtship of Amblyomma cajennense, sexually mature males that had previously fed on rabbits were tested in bioassays. The males were released onto dummies treated with whole female extract or synthetic 2,6-DCP at a concentration of two female equivalents, or with hexane (control, and their responses were observed. In the presence of both the extract and 2,6-DCP, excitation was observed among the males, expressed in the form of touching and probing the dummy, and mounting occurred readily. The percentages of mounting (73% and tipping over (60% were equal in the two treatments and higher than in the control group (27 and 20%, respectively. Relatively short durations of mounting were recorded, and these were statistically similar in all treatments. Almost all instances of mounting resulted in tipping-over behavior. A few isolated cases of males that went directly to ventral positioning without mounting were observed. It was confirmed that 2,6-DCP alone is capable of mediation of mounting behavior in A. cajennense.Visando elucidar o papel do 2,6-diclorofenol (2,6-DCF no cortejo de Amblyomma cajennense, machos sexualmente maduros, previamente alimentados em coelhos, foram avaliados em testes biológicos. Os machos foram liberados sobre manequins tratados com um extrato de fêmeas, ou com 2,6-DCF sintético na concentração equivalente a duas fêmeas, ou com hexano (controle, e suas respostas foram observadas. Na presença do extrato e do 2,6-DCF, a excitação dos machos foi expressa na forma de toques e sondagens, e a monta ocorreu rapidamente. As porcentagens de respostas observadas nos dois tratamentos foram iguais, sendo a monta (73% e retorno na superfície ventral (60% mais altos que no controle (27 e 20%, respectivamente. Foram observados períodos de monta relativamente curtos, sendo esses estatisticamente iguais em todos os tratamentos, e quase todos resultando em

  19. How fundamental are fundamental values? Valuation methods and their impact in the performance of German venture capitalists

    OpenAIRE

    Dittmann, Ingolf; Maug, Ernst; Kemper, Johannes

    2004-01-01

    textabstractThis paper studies how the use of alternative valuation methodologies affects investment performance for a sample of 53 German venture capitalists. We measure investment performance by the amount of investments they need to write off and by the number of companies they take public. We find that a significant number of investment managers use discounted cash flow (DCF) techniques, but only a minority appears to use a discount rate related to the cost of capital. The majority applie...

  20. Collision Resolution Scheme with Offset for Improved Performance of Heterogeneous WLAN

    Science.gov (United States)

    Upadhyay, Raksha; Vyavahare, Prakash D.; Tokekar, Sanjiv

    2016-03-01

    CSMA/CA based DCF of 802.11 MAC layer employs best effort delivery model, in which all stations compete for channel access with same priority. Heterogeneous conditions result in unfairness among stations and degradation in throughput, therefore, providing different priorities to different applications for required quality of service in heterogeneous networks is challenging task. This paper proposes a collision resolution scheme with a novel concept of introducing offset, which is suitable for heterogeneous networks. Selection of random value by a station for its contention with offset results in reduced probability of collision. Expression for the optimum value of the offset is also derived. Results show that proposed scheme, when applied to heterogeneous networks, has improved throughput and fairness than conventional scheme. Results show that proposed scheme also exhibits higher throughput and fairness with reduced delay in homogeneous networks.

  1. Disentangling complete and incomplete fusion for 9Be+187Re system at near barrier energies

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kharab, Rajesh; Chahal, Rajiv; Rajiv Kumar

    2015-01-01

    The breakup of projectile before fusion leads to some unusual fusion mechanisms like incomplete fusion (ICF) and sequential complete fusion (SCF). Experimentally, it is not possible to separate SCF events from direct complete fusion (DCF). However, the complete fusion and incomplete fusion can be measured separately. Theoretically it is very difficult to calculate the complete and incomplete fusion cross section separately using different models. Very recently A. Diaz-Torres has developed a computer code platypus based on classical dynamical model wherein the complete and incomplete fusion cross sections are calculated separately. But this model is found to work very well at energies above the barrier energy. Here we have attempted to extrapolate the results of the code platypus by using simple Wong's formula in conjunction with the energy dependent Woods-Saxon potential (EDWSP) in the below barrier energy region

  2. Luto materno: dor e enfrentamento da perda de um bebê

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Beatriz Gonçalves Lopes

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Objective : to understand how mothers experienced the experience of their babies’ mourning. Methods : this is a qualitative study, conducted with nine mothers who experienced the loss of a child under one year. Semi- structured interviews were conducted, and the reports were organized using the Collective Subject Discourse. Results : the participants indicated the complexity and difficulties of the mourning process, implying a grief that lasted but could be overcome through spirituality and family support. They also showed the lack of support from the health services. Conclusion : although mourning is a complex and peculiar process, the mothers pointed out the importance of the spirituality and support of their relatives, but highlighted the lack of support from the health services.

  3. Atribuições de enfermeiros na orientação de lactantes acerca do aleitamento materno

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ariele Londres Mesquita

    2018-02-01

    Full Text Available O aleitamento materno exclusivo é um problema mundial de saúde pública. O enfermeiro como educador e promotor da saúde é quem deve orientar as gestantes no pré-natal, puerpério e pós-parto. São inúmeros os benefícios que existem na amamentação, dentre eles a involução uterina de forma acelerada, benefícios para mãe na prevenção de uma nova gestação e benefícios também para o bebê que receberá todos os nutrientes necessários na fase inicial de sua vida. A partir deste pressuposto o estudo tem como objetivo identificar as atribuições do enfermeiro no processo de conscientização do aleitamento materno para com as gestantes. Este estudo constitui em uma revisão integrativa de literatura científica e para coleta dos materiais foram utilizadas as bases de dados Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS, os Periódicos Capes e o Google Acadêmico; os critérios de inclusão foram indexação de estudos nas respectivas bases de dados; relação direta com os descritores; pesquisas desenvolvidas no Brasil; idiomas de publicação em português; período de publicação compreendido entre 2011 e 2016. A partir dos fatos extraidos entende-se que a falta de orientação sobre aleitamento materno, os cuidados e os benefícios gerados são ainda os principais motivos de desmame precoce; desta forma o enfermeiro tem um papel importante na prevenção e promoção de saúde a estas nutrizes, estratégias devem ser criadas em conjunto com equipes de saúde para diminuir o índice de intercorrências mamarias e consequentemente garantir um período de amamentação adequado sem prejuízos tanto para a mãe quanto para o bebê. Descritores: Aleitamento materno; Amamentação; Enfermeiro.

  4. Fomento de lactancia materna, centro de salud de Ermitagaña

    OpenAIRE

    López de Sabando Güenechea, Marina

    2013-01-01

    En este trabajo se han desarrollado los aspectos principales sobre la lactancia materna (L.M.): anatomía de la mama, fisiología de la lactancia, técnicas de amamantamiento, beneficios de la lactancia materna, pecho en bebés prematuros, extracción y conservación de la leche, bancos de leche materna, problemas más frecuentes; lactancia, medicamentos, plantas y tóxicos; contraindicaciones para la lactancia y asociaciones de apoyo. Todo ello para que las madres pacientes del cen...

  5. Mujeres gestantes, madres en gestación. Representaciones, modelos y experiencias en el tránsito a la maternidad de las mujeres vascas contemporáneas

    OpenAIRE

    Imaz Martínez, Elixabete

    2014-01-01

    475 p. El estudio aborda el tránsito a la maternidad de las mujeres que van a ser madres por primera vez, abarcando el período que comprende la gestación y primeros meses del bebé y observando tanto los aspectos sociosimbólicos "complejos de valores, simbólicos, de representaciones- como socioestructurales " posiciones en estructuras objetivas y relaciones que se establecen desde ellas-, aspectos que se muestran como necesariamente complementarios. La maternidad, la forma en que las socied...

  6. Cytotoxic and antioxidant effect of chrysin on neonate mouse spermatogenic stem cells

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mehran Pordel

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available Background: So far, many plants have been used for the treatment of infertility. Several studies have revealed that chrysin (as an active metabolite improves animals' reproduction. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of chrysin on Balb/C mice spermatogenic stem cells. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro experimental study Balb/C neonate spermatogonia stem cells cultured in DMEM-F12 medium were treated with various concentrations of chrysin (2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40 µg/ml for 6 and 12 days. Then the cytotoxicity was assessed using MTT, Akredin orange/Propodium Idid, DAPI and antioxidant concentration DCF-DA tests. Results: Chrysin showed no remarkable cytoxicity in concentrations less than 5 µg/ml. While, after 6 days the viability of cells treated with chrysin 10, 20 and 40 µg/ml was decreased to 30, 45 and 56 % (P<0.05 and P<0.001, respectiely; after 12 days the viability of cells was decreased to 44, 56 and 65 % (P<0.05, P<0.01 and P<0.001, respectiely. DCF-DA results revealed a 80 % antioxidant capacity of chrysin in 5 and 2.5µg/ml concentrations. Conclusion: Lower concentrations of chrysin has protective effect on Balb/C mice spermatogenic through improving cell viability, decreasing cells apoptosis and inhibiting free radicals.

  7. Learning Team Review 2016-0001: Installing Outlets for Programmatic Equipment

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Dunwoody, John Tyler [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Obrey, Kimberly Ann [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Bridgewater, Jon S. [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Griego, Frank X. [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Brenner, Andrew Karl [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Lopez, Ted T. [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Henderson, Kevin C. [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Gordon, Lloyd Baumgardner [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Blumberg, Paul A. [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Wilburn, Dianne Williams [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

    2016-09-08

    The purpose of a Learning Team is to transfer and communicate the information into operational feedback and improvement. We want to pay attention to the small things that go wrong because they are often early warning signals and may provide insight into the health of the whole system. An ESR was placed in the October of 2015 to move/install a number of 120V and 208V outlets in 455-104B to support programmatic furnace needs. Electrical design review was completed for ESR 22217 on February 22, 2016 and a Design Change Form completed describing the modification needed as: demolish 1 existing receptacle and circuit leaving conduit and jbox for use to install new receptacle and 5 new receptacles/circuits are required and one existing receptacle is to be relocated, listed under FSR 149229. The FSR scope of work was written:: Please have the Electricians come out to perform demolition (1ea.), installation (6ea.)& relocation (1ea.) of receptacles / circuits. ESR 22217 & DCF-16-35-0455-1281 is in place for this work. Coordinate final receptacle locations with Laboratory Resident. Contact John Dunwoody or O-MC for this information. WO# 545580-01 was signed on April 20, 2016.: Electricians to perform demolition, installation, & relocation of receptacles / circuits PER attached DCF-16-0455-1281-SK-1.

  8. Cytotoxicity of binary mixtures of human pharmaceuticals in a fish cell line: approaches for non-monotonic concentration-response relationships.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bain, Peter A; Kumar, Anupama

    2014-08-01

    Predicting the effects of mixtures of environmental micropollutants is a priority research area. In this study, the cytotoxicity of ten pharmaceuticals to the rainbow trout cell line RTG-2 was determined using the neutral red uptake assay. Fluoxetine (FL), propranolol (PPN), and diclofenac (DCF) were selected for further study as binary mixtures. Biphasic concentration-response relationships were observed in cells exposed to FL and PPN. In the case of PPN, microscopic examination revealed lysosomal swelling indicative of direct uptake and accumulation of the compound. Three equations describing non-monotonic concentration-response relationships were evaluated and one was found to consistently provide more accurate estimates of the median and 10% effect concentrations compared with a sigmoidal concentration-response model. Predictive modeling of the effects of binary mixtures of FL, PPN, and DCF was undertaken using an implementation of the concentration addition (CA) conceptual model incorporating non-monotonic concentration-response relationships. The cytotoxicity of the all three binary combinations could be adequately predicted using CA, suggesting that the toxic mode of action in RTG-2 cells is unrelated to the therapeutic mode of action of these compounds. The approach presented here is widely applicable to the study of mixture toxicity in cases where non-monotonic concentration-response relationships are observed. Crown Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  9. O ato de amamentar: um estudo qualitativo The act of breastfeeding: a qualitative study

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Najara Barbosa Rocha

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo do estudo foi analisar, de forma qualitativa, o conhecimento e percepção de um grupo de mulheres, bem como analisar os determinantes que influenciam a prática do aleitamento materno. Foi adotada a metodologia da pesquisa qualitativa, utilizando como referencial a teoria de representações sociais. Foram entrevistadas 27 gestantes, por um único entrevistador, durante o pré-natal e acompanhadas até o sexto mês do bebê, quando já estavam completamente desmamados. A análise compreensiva das falas permitiu verificar os fatores que levam a mãe a amamentar seus filhos, como "proteção do bebê" e "amor materno". Também foram verificados os motivos que levaram as mães a desmamarem seus filhos, sendo citados "a falta de leite"/"leite secou" e o "trabalho". Verificou-se, a partir das representações das mães, que mesmo que elas demonstrassem conhecimento sobre as propriedades do leite, não foi garantido o sucesso da prática de amamentação natural.This study aimed to perform a qualitative analysis of the knowledge and perception of a group of women, and to assess the determinants that influence breastfeeding. It adopted the qualitative research method, based on the theory of social representations. Twenty-seven pregnant women were interviewed by only one interviewer during prenatal period and the babies were accompanied until the sixth month after birth or until they were completely weaned. The comprehensive speech analysis allowed verifying factors that made mothers breastfeed their babies, like: "baby protection" and "mother's love". We also observed the reasons that made mothers wean their babies: "lack of milk" / "the milk dried" and "job". Through the mother's representations we could notice that even if they showed knowledge about properties and advantages of milk, it did not guarantee the successful natural breastfeeding practice.

  10. Deseos, aptitudes y conocimientos sobre lactancia materna de gestantes en su tercer trimestre

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Remigio Rafael Gorrita Pérez

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: la lactancia materna es la única forma natural de alimentar al bebé, y una forma inigualable de facilitar el alimento ideal para su crecimiento y desarrollo. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal, para evaluar deseos, aptitudes y conocimientos sobre lactancia materna en el tercer trimestre de 114 gestantes del Policlínico "Mártires del 9 de Abril", de San José de las Lajas. Entre marzo de 2010 y de 2011 se valoraron sus historias de salud individual y familiar, y se aplicó a tal efecto un cuestionario con 22 preguntas. Resultados: la información se incorporó a una base de datos y se utilizó para el análisis el estadígrafo chi cuadrado, que se consideró significativo con p< 0,05. La totalidad de las gestantes deseaban amamantar. Dos terceras partes se consideraron aptas o muy aptas para hacerlo, y que poseían los conocimientos necesarios para lograrlo, pero solo algo más de la quinta parte demostró que los poseía. La mayoría de las futuras madres se encontraban entre los 20 y 35 años, el nivel de escolaridad más frecuentemente alcanzado fue el técnico o preuniversitario (en 60 de ellas, para el 52,6 %, y el 46,5 % de las gestantes mantenían una unión consensuada, el 40,3 % eran casadas, y 15 solteras (13,2 %, aspectos que, indiscutiblemente influyen en los resultados. Conclusiones: además de otros resultados alcanzados, la investigación arrojó que aunque la totalidad de las gestantes en su tercer trimestre deseaban lactar a su futuro bebé y las dos terceras partes se consideraban aptas o muy aptas para hacerlo y con conocimientos suficientes al respecto, solo algo más de la quinta parte demostró efectivamente poseerlos.

  11. Avaliação de caracteres morfológicos úteis na identificação de plantas poliplóides de melancia Evaluation of morphological characters useful in the identification of poliploid watermelon plants

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Flávio de F. Souza

    2004-09-01

    watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb. Matsum. & Nakai] was evaluated in three diploids, three tetraploids and three triploids hybrids, in relation to the number of chloroplasts per leaf stomata (NCF; width and length of the leaves (LFH e CFH; leaf width/length ratio (LF/CF; stem diameter (DCE; petal diameter in male and female flowers (DCM and DCF; ovary diameter (DOV; fruit weight (PMF; transversal and axial fruit diameter (DTF and DLF; fruit diameter axial/diameter transversal ratio (DL/DT and rind thickness (EMC. A randomized block design was employed with three replications and five plants per plot. A nested analysis was performed and the ploidy level was considered the main factor. The genotypes were clustered at a dendrogram based on generalized Mahalanobis distance and also plotted on Cartesian plain using scores of the first and second canonic variables. Relative contribution of the variables to clustering was estimated by the Singh Method and the matrix of correlation was obtained using the Principal Component Analysis. The NCF presented higher relative importance (41% to set divergence clusters, while DCF, DCM, DOV and DT/DL when analyzed together showed themselves efficient to discriminate diploids, triploids and tetraploid plants. So, they are recommended to aid watermelon breeding programs to obtain polyploid plants.

  12. Strategic financial statement analysis and valuation of Aker solutions ASA

    OpenAIRE

    Farstadvoll, Haakon Simonsen

    2017-01-01

    The purpose of this paper is to estimate the fair value of Aker Solutions ASA per 31.05.2017. The fair value is held up against the market price to make a recommendation as to what investment strategy an external, well-diversified investor should follow. The strategic analysis concludes that Aker Solutions has a potential strategic advantage in the longer term, but faces strong challenges in the market in the short term. A fundamental valuation by a DCF approach is used as the ...

  13. Channel Compensation for Speaker Recognition using MAP Adapted PLDA and Denoising DNNs

    Science.gov (United States)

    2016-06-21

    05 Jabra Cellphone Earwrap Mic 06 Motorola Cellphone Earbud 07 Olympus Pearlcorder 08 Radio Shack Computer Desktop Mic Table 1: Mixer 1 and 2...EER and min DCF vs λ for 2cov map adapt PLDA the MAP adapted PLDA model using a λ of 0.5. The remain- ing rows demonstrate the impact of the feature...degrading perfor- mance on conversational telephone speech. To assess the per- formance impact of the denoising DNN on telephony data we evaluated the

  14. Increasing the capacity of the NEAG natural gas processing plants; Kapazitaetssteigerung der Erdgasaufbereitungsanlagen der NEAG

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Rest, W.; Weiss, A. [Mobil Erdgas-Erdoel GmbH, Celle (Germany)

    1998-12-31

    The fact that new deposits of sour natural gas were found in the concessions at Scholen/Wesergebirgsvorland and that a sour gas pipeline was built from the BEB-operated field in South-Oldenburg increased the sour gas volume handled by the North German Natural Gas Processing Company (NEAG) so much, that capacities had to be stepped up. This paper describes the measures taken to increase capacities. Various interesting process engineering methods employed to remove bottlenecks in the parts of the plant are described in detail. These refer to the modification of the baffle plates in the high-pressure absorber of the Purisolwashers NEAG I, as well as in the expansion tank and the purified gas waher of the NEAG III washing plant as well as comprehensive modifications of the MODOP-flue gas scrubber NEAG III (orig.) [Deutsch] Neue Sauergasfunde in den Konzessionen Scholen/Wiehengebirgsvorland sowie der Bau der Sauergasverbindungsleitung aus dem von BEB operierten Feldesbereich Sued-Oldenburg haben die der Norddeutschen Erdgas-Aufbereitungsgesellschaft (NEAG) in Voigtei angebotenen Sauergasmengen soweit erhoeht, dass eine Kapazitaetserhoehung notwendig wurde. Im Rahmen des Vortrages werden die Massnahmen zur Kapazitaetssteigerung vorgestellt. Einige verfahrenstechnisch besonders interessante Loesungen zur Beseitigung von Engpaessen in Anlagenteilen werden detailliert beschrieben. Es handelt sich hierbei um die Modifikation der Einbauten im Hochdruckabsorber der Purisolwaesche NEAG I, im Entspannungsbehaelter und Reingaswaescher der Waesche NEAG III sowie umfangreiche Aenderungen im Bereich der MODOP-Abgasreinigungsanlage NEAG III. (orig.)

  15. Application-Oriented Optimal Shift Schedule Extraction for a Dual-Motor Electric Bus with Automated Manual Transmission

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mingjie Zhao

    2018-02-01

    Full Text Available The conventional battery electric buses (BEBs have limited potential to optimize the energy consumption and reach a better dynamic performance. A practical dual-motor equipped with 4-speed Automated Manual Transmission (AMT propulsion system is proposed, which can eliminate the traction interruption in conventional AMT. A discrete model of the dual-motor-AMT electric bus (DMAEB is built and used to optimize the gear shift schedule. Dynamic programming (DP algorithm is applied to find the optimal results where the efficiency and shift time of each gear are considered to handle the application problem of global optimization. A rational penalty factor and a proper shift time delay based on bench test results are set to reduce the shift frequency by 82.5% in Chinese-World Transient Vehicle Cycle (C-WTVC. Two perspectives of applicable shift rule extraction methods, i.e., the classification method based on optimal operating points and clustering method based on optimal shifting points, are explored and compared. Eventually, the hardware-in-the-loop (HIL simulation results demonstrate that the proposed structure and extracted shift schedule can realize a significant improvement in reducing energy loss by 20.13% compared to traditional empirical strategies.

  16. La violencia en la palabra: narraciones de madres atrapadas en sus redes sociales*

    OpenAIRE

    Rodríguez G, Alfonso; Rodríguez E, Gilma; Roldán R, Lucía

    2007-01-01

    Objetivo: Realizar un estudio descriptivo y analítico sobre los imaginarios de mujeres embarazadas en condiciones de precariedad y violencia, acerca de su percepción del embarazo y de sus redes intrafamiliares y extrafamiliares, por medio de sus narrativas. Método: Se aplicó una encuesta a 350 mujeres gestantes del programa Familia Gestante-Bebé Sano, del Departamento Administrativo de Bienestar Social de la Localidad de Usaquén, con seguimiento de un año (seis meses de gestación y seis meses...

  17. Anuncio de servicio público sobre la tosferina (:30) (Whooping Cough Public Service Announcement)

    Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Podcasts

    2015-04-13

    Este anuncio de servicio público, de 30 segundos, alienta a las mujeres embarazadas a ponerse la vacuna contra la tosferina llamada Tdap, durante el tercer trimestre de cada embarazo, para que le pasen anticuerpos a su bebé a fin de que este nazca con protección contra esta grave enfermedad.  Created: 4/13/2015 by National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Division of Bacterial Diseases (DBD), Meningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch (MVPDB).   Date Released: 4/13/2015.

  18. Métodos de valoración funcional de la visión en pacientes que no colaboran con el examinador

    OpenAIRE

    Teijeira Portas, Sara

    2013-01-01

    La valoración funcional de la visión supone el primer paso para llevar a cabo un programa de Rehabilitación Visual. Las pruebas convencionales requieren una comunicación con el paciente para que pueda entender que tareas debe realizar para poder ser evaluado. El problema surge cuando esta comunicación falla por cualquier motivo: cuando el paciente es un niño muy pequeño o bebé o cuando siendo adulto presenta deficiencias asociadas que impiden una correcta comunicación. En estos casos es neces...

  19. Importancia del agua en la hidratación de la población española: documento FESNAD 2010

    OpenAIRE

    SALAS SALVADÓ, JORGE; C. Iglesias Rosado; A. L. Villarino Marín; J. A. Martínez; L. Cabrerizo; M. Gargallo; H. Lorenzo; J. Quiles; M. Planas; I. Polanco; D. Romero de Ávila; J. Russolillo; R. Farré; J. M. Moreno Villares; P. Riobó; Federación Española de Sociedades de Nutrición, Alimentación y Dietética (FESNAD)

    2011-01-01

    Para cualquier persona sana, la sed es una guía adecuada para tomar agua, excepto para los bebés, los deportistas y la mayoría de las personas enfermas y ancianas. En estos casos conviene programar momentos para ingerir agua, ya que la gran demanda y los mecanismos fisiológicos que determinan la sed en estas situaciones pueden condicionar desequilibrios en el balance hídrico con importantes consecuencias para la salud o el rendimiento físico o intelectual. Nuestro organismo posee una serie de...

  20. Comportamiento Sexual de Varones Durante el Embarazo: Casos en la Ciudad de México

    OpenAIRE

    Sapién, José S; Córdoba, Diana I

    2011-01-01

    El objetivo fue reportar el comportamiento sexual de varones en el embarazo, sus experiencias y significaciones. Participaron 6 hombres de la Ciudad de México, de 23 a 35 años de edad, casados, con escolaridad y ocupación distintas. Fueron entrevistados sobre sus experiencias sexuales durante la gestación de su hijo. Cada varón constituyó un caso: suspensión del sexo preservando un embarazo difícil de obtener; interrupción del sexo para cuidar a la pareja embarazada y no lastimar al bebé; dis...