Acaricidal activity of ethanolic extracts of Stryphnodendron adstringens and Lafoensia pacari and oil resins from Copaifera sp. and Pterodon emarginatus against Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis

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Adriana Marques Faria

Full Text Available ABSTRACT: In vitro bioassay using Sarcoptes scabiei as a test microorganism is a viable method of study for diverse drugs with acaricidal properties. A great amount of assays proves the diverse and efficient biological activity of extracts and compounds from Brazilian savanna plants. This study had as main object, test and compare the acaricidal activity of four Brazilian Cerrado bioproducts: Stryphnodendron adstringens Mart., Copaifera sp., Lafoensia pacari A. St Hil. and Pterodon emarginatus Vogel, 1837. To perform this test S. scabiei mites were collected from crusts removed on ears of highly infected sows. The mites were selected and separated in Petri dishes with three different concentrations (25, 50 and 75% of each bioproduct, to evaluate their potential acaricidal activity. The mortality of the mites was counted in each Petri dish every hour, during five hours. The statistical analyses demonstrated differences between the bioproducts tested. The oleoresin of Copaifera sp. and P. emarginatus presented the best results with 100% of mites mortality after treatment. The ethanolic extracts of S. adstringens and L. pacari demonstrated lower acaricidal activity when compared to the oleoresins, with little or no difference among the control groups tested. This bioassay demonstrated to be efficient, reliable, low cost and easy accomplishment. Oil resins from Copaifera sp. and P. emarginatus have in vitro acaricidal activity against adult females of S. scabiei var. suis.

Tipos polínicos encontrados em colônias de abelhas africanizadas sujeitas à doença cria ensacada brasileira Pollen types found in africanized honeybees colonies submitted to brazilian sac brood disease

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Marta Rodrigues Pacheco

2009-10-01

Full Text Available O pólen de algumas espécies de Stryphnodendron (Mimosoidea, conhecidas popularmente por barbatimão, tem sido apontado como agente causador da mortandade de larvas pré-pupas observada na cria ensacada brasileira (CEB. Neste estudo, objetivou-se identificar os tipos polínicos encontrados em amostras de pólen coletadas em colméias de Apis mellifera L., no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, a fim de elucidar as fontes florais utilizadas por essa espécie de abelhas em períodos sujeitos a CEB, com especial atenção para a presença do pólen de Stryphnodendron spp. Foram coletadas amostras de pólen apícola e pão de abelhas em sete apiários, em três municípios do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. A amostragem foi tomada um mês antes e durante a ocorrência da CEB. As famílias botânicas mais representativas foram: Leguminosae, Euphorbiaceae, Asteraceae, Poaceae e Myrtaceae. O pólen de Stryphnodendron não esteve presente nas amostras analisadas. A ausência de Stryphnodendron no menu floral das colônias africanizadas acometidas pela CEB em condições naturais sugere outro fator causal para a CEB no Estado do Rio de Janeiro.The pollen of some Stryphnodendron species (Mimosoidea, commonly known as barbatimão, has been identified as a causative agent of pre-pulps larvae mortality, observed in Brazilian sac brood disease (BSB. The goal of this study is to identify the pollen types found in samples of pollen collected by Apis mellifera L. to elucidate the floral diet used by this honeybee specie in Rio de Janeiro state during the periods where BSB usually occurs. Particular attention was given to the pollen of Stryphnodendron spp presence. Samples of pollen and bee bread were collected from seven apiaries located in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. Sampling procedures were done a month before BSB usual occurrence and also during its occurrence. Leguminosae, Euphorbiaceae, Asteraceae, Poaceae and Myrtaceae were most representative botanical families on

Intoxicação experimental pelas favas de Stryphnodendron obovatum (Leg. Mimosoideae em bovinos. 1. Caracterização do quadro clínico Experimental poisoning by the burs of Stryphnodendron obovatum (Leg. Mimosoideae in cattle. 1. Clinical aspects

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Marilene F. Brito

2001-03-01

Full Text Available Com o objetivo de melhor caracterizar o quadro clínico na intoxicação experimental por Stryphnodendron obovatum Benth., procedeu-se a administração das favas, por via oral, a seis bovinos, em doses únicas e a 11 outros, em doses repetidas. Doses únicas de 10 e 20g/kg não provocaram sintomas. Doses únicas de 30 e 40g/kg provocaram quadros clínicos desde leves até graves, porém só morreu o animal que ingeriu 60g/kg. Os animais que ingeriram doses repetidas de 2,5g/kg por 30 dias adoeceram levemente, já os que receberam 5g/kg durante 13 e 14 dias mostraram sintomatologia moderada e grave, respectivamente. Um bovino que recebeu 10g/kg por 8 dias, outro que ingeriu 20g/kg por 3 dias e dois outros que receberam 30 e 40g/kg por 2 dias morreram da intoxicação. Os outros três bovinos que receberam doses repetidas (dois com doses de 10g/kg por 20 e 6 dias, outro com dose de 20 g/kg por 2 dias adoeceram, mas se recuperaram. Os primeiros sintomas de intoxicação, em ambos os grupos, foram observados a partir do primeiro dia do experimento e a evolução variou de 3 a 63 dias. Os sintomas consistiram em anorexia, fezes levemente ressecadas a líquidas, distensão do abdômen, sem timpanismo, perda de fluido ruminal durante a ruminação, atonia e acidose ruminal, cólica, sialorréia, apatia, emagrecimento, fraqueza, erosões e úlceras na cavidade oral. Em alguns animais foram observadas congestão de mucosas visíveis (sem icterícia e de partes despigmentadas da pele, do córion laminar e da região interdigital dos quatro membros, áreas de alopecia focal e/ou hipotricose nas regiões axilares, na face lateral das coxas e membros e perda dos pêlos da ponta da cauda, alterações estas que podem ser interpretadas como as de leve fotossensibilização. Em três bovinos se observaram relaxamento intermitente do prepúcio, micção freqüente e em gotejamento e, por vezes, gemidos ao eliminar a urina que, em geral, se apresentava turva, �

Condicionamento fisiológico e níveis de sombreamento em sementes de barbatimão (Stryphnodendron polyphyllum (Mart. e S. adstringens (Mart. Coville

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Silvana de Paula Quintão Scalon

2014-02-01

Full Text Available A dificuldade técnica devida à ocorrência de dormência das sementes é um entrave para a produção de mudas de espécies nativas em programas de recomposição de áreas degradadas do Cerrado. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito do condicionamento fisiológico e do sombreamento na qualidade de sementes de duas espécies de barbatimão (Stryphnodendron polyphyllum e S. adstringens. Foram utilizados os seguintes tratamentos pré-germinativos: 1 PEG -1,0 MPa; 2 PEG -1,0 MPa+ KNO3 -1,0 MPa; 3 PEG -0,5 MPa; 4 PEG -0,5 MPa + KNO3 -0,5 MPa; 5 KNO3 -1,0 MPa; 6 Água deionizada; e 7 sementes que não receberam nenhum tratamento pré-germinativo (testemunha. Durante os tratamentos pré-germinativos, as sementes permaneceram incubadas em B.O.D. regulada na alternância de 20/30 ºC, durante 24 h, e em seguida semeadas em bandejas de células com Plantmax® mantidas em quatro níveis de sombreamento (pleno sol, 30%, 50% e 70% com quatro repetições de 20 sementes. O condicionamento fisiológico com água de sementes de S. polyphyllum e S. adstringens e posterior semeadura em ambiente sombreado de 50 a 70% são eficientes para obter emergência rápida e elevada, maior altura e massa seca das plântulas. As sementes de S. polyphyllum podem ser osmocondicionadas com PEG 1,0 e PEG -0,5 MPA se a semeadura for realizada sob 30% de sombra. Entretanto, a semeadura de S. polyphyllum e S. adstringens não deve ser realizada a pleno sol.

The vectoral role of several blackfly species (Diptera: Simuliidae) in relation to human onchocerciasis in the Sierra Parima and Upper Orinoco regions of Venezuela.

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Basáñez, M G; Yarzábal, L; Takaoka, H; Suzuki, H; Noda, S; Tada, I

1988-12-01

Experimental and natural infections with Onchocerca volvulus were studied in several anthropophilic blackfly species present in the endemic area of the Upper Orinoco region of Venezuela. When fed on four different Yanomami volunteers in the Sierra Parima, the total infection rate was 31.4% for Simulium guianense in comparison with 7.5% for S. limbatum. The proportion of ingested microfilariae that entered the thorax during the first 24 hours and completed development to the infective stage was also much lower in the latter than in the former species. There was no larval development of O. volvulus in S. antillarum, but one female harboured in its head six infective larvae of a zoonotic filaria. When S. oyapokense s.l. was fed on an infected volunteer in the Upper Orinoco most flies ingested few microfilariae, and further development reached only the L1 stage. Natural infection and infectivity rates for S. guianense in two localities of the Sierra Parima were 0.2-4.0% and 1.3-10.2%, respectively, more than 50% of the L3 larvae being in the head. The corresponding data for S. oyapockense s.l. in the Upper Orinoco were 0.1-0.5%, although the only L3 larva found did not correspond to O. volvulus. It is suggested that S. guianense is the main vector of onchocerciasis in the Sierra Parima and that S. limbatum could play a secondary role. Simulium oyapockense s.l. replaces them in the Upper Orinoco and may maintain a degree of transmission, but its epidemiological importance remains to be assessed.

Diurnal biting periodicity of parous Simulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) vectors in the onchocerciasis Amazonian focus.

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Grillet, M-E; Villamizar, N J; Cortez, J; Frontado, H L; Escalona, M; Vivas-Martínez, S; Basáñez, M-G

2005-05-01

We describe the hourly patterns of parous biting activity of the three main simuliid vectors of human onchocerciasis in the Amazonian focus straddling between Venezuela and Brazil, namely, Simulium guianense s.l. Wise; S. incrustatum Lutz, and S. oyapockense s.l. Floch and Abonnenc. Time series of the hourly numbers of host-seeking parous flies caught in five Yanomami villages during dry, rainy, and their transition periods from 1995 to 2001 were investigated using harmonic analysis (assuming an underlying circadian rhythm) and periodic correlation (based on Spearman's r). Parous S guianense s.l. showed a bimodal activity pattern, with a minor peak in mid-morning and a major peak at 16:00 h. S. incrustatum exhibited mainly unimodal activity during either early morning or midday according to locality. S. oyapockense s.l. bit humans throughout the day mainly between 10:00 and 16:00 h but also showed bimodal periodicity in some localities. Superimposed on the endogenous, species-specific daily cycles, parous activity showed variation according to locality, season, air temperature and relative humidity, with biting being promoted by warmer and drier hours during wet seasons/periods and reduced during hotter times in dry seasons or transitions. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for blackfly biology and ecology as well as onchocerciasis epidemiology and control.

Moraceae da Ilha Grande, Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Moraceae of Ilha Grande, Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

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Leandro Cardoso PEDERNEIRAS

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho apresenta o levantamento florístico das espécies nativas de Moraceae ocorrentes na Ilha Grande, município de Angra dos Reis, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Com base na análise de coleções científicas, revisão da literatura e excursões a campo, foram registradas 11 espécies nativas: Brosimum guianense, Dorstenia arifolia, Ficus adhatodifolia, F. arpazusa, F. cyclophylla, F. gomelleira, F. nevesiae, F. organensis, F. pulchella, Sorocea hilarii, S. guilleminiana. Apresentamos, também, a chave de identificação para os táxons, descrições, ilustrações, informações sobre a distribuição geográfica e comentários sobre as espécies. This work presents a floristic survey of native species of Moraceae occurring in Ilha Grande, municipality of Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. It was based on analysis of herbarium collections, literature review and the field excursions, resulting in 11 native species: Brosimum guianense, Dorstenia arifolia, Ficus adhatodifolia, F. arpazusa, F. cyclophylla, F. gomelleira, F. nevesiae, F. organensis, F. pulchella, Sorocea hilarii, S. guilleminiana. We also present the identification key to the taxa, descriptions, illustrations, information about geographic distribution and comments on these species that enriched the results.

Política externa do vizinho distante : estudo de caso da República Cooperativa da Guiana

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Lima, Erick Cavalcanti Linhares

2012-01-01

Esta tese trata das relações externas da República Cooperativa da Guiana, num recorte temporal de quarenta e quatro anos, que vão desde a independência, em 1966 até 2010, período no qual se desenvolveram importantes transformações mundiais, bem como no relacionamento político-diplomático. Remontam a essa época, a formação do marco institucional de representação dos interesses sociais e produtivos, tanto na economia guianense, quanto no âmbito internacional. O objetivo foi traç...

Produtos e subprodutos da medicina popular comercializados na cidade de Boa Vista, Roraima

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PINTO,Angélica Auxiliadora da Costa; MADURO,Cice Batalha

2003-01-01

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar produtos e subprodutos de origem animal e vegetal utilizados na medicina popular que são comercializados na cidade de Boa Vista, Estado de Roraima, traçando um perfil preliminar de sua forma de comercialização. Foram identificados 117 produtos : 100 (85,5 %) de origem vegetal e 17 (14,5 %) de origem animal. Os produtos de origem vegetal de maior destaque foram o Jatobá (Hymenaea courbaril), o Barbatimão (Stryphnodendron ads...

Isolation of endophytic bacteria from arboreal species of the Amazon and identification by sequencing of the 16S rRNA encoding gene

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Mariza M. Coêlho

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Endophytic bacteria from three arboreal species native to the Amazon (Carapa guianenses, Ceiba pentandra, and Swietenia macrophylla, were isolated and identified, through partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA encoding gene. From these, 16 isolates were obtained, although, when compared to sequences deposited in GenBank, only seven had produced identifiable fragments. Bacillus, Pantoea and two non-culturable samples were identified. Results obtained through sequence analysis revealed low genetic diversity across the isolates, even when analyzing different species and plant structures. This is the first report concerning the isolation and identification of endophytic bacteria in these plant species.

Produtos e subprodutos da medicina popular comercializados na cidade de Boa Vista, Roraima

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PINTO, Angélica Auxiliadora da Costa; MADURO, Cice Batalha

2003-01-01

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar produtos e subprodutos de origem animal e vegetal utilizados na medicina popular que são comercializados na cidade de Boa Vista, Estado de Roraima, traçando um perfil preliminar de sua forma de comercialização. Foram identificados 117 produtos : 100 (85,5 %) de origem vegetal e 17 (14,5 %) de origem animal. Os produtos de origem vegetal de maior destaque foram o Jatobá (Hymenaea courbaril), o Barbatimão (Stryphnodendron adstrinfens), a Sucuba (Himatanth...

Ensaios preliminares em laboratório para verificar a ação moluscicida de algumas espécies da flora brasileira Preliminary laboratory tests of the molluscicide activity of some species of Brazilian flora

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Nelymar Martineli Mendes

1984-10-01

Full Text Available Estudou-se em laboratório a atividade moluscicida de 68 extratos de 23 plantas brasileiras. As soluções em água desclorada dos extratos hexânicos e etanólico, nas concentrações de 1, 10 e 100 ppm, foram testadas sobre caramujos adultos e desovas de Biomphalaria glabrata, criados em laboratório. As plantas que demonstraram ação moluscicida na concentração de 100 ppm foram: Arthemisia verlotorum Lamotte, Caesalpinia peltophoroides Benth, Cassia rugosa G.Don., Eclipta alba Hassk, Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd, Euphorbia splendens Bojer, Joannesia princeps Vell, Leonorus sibiricus L.,Macrosiphonia guaranitica Muell,Nerium oleander L., Palicourea nicotianaefolia Cham, e Schlech., Panicum maximum M., Rumex crispus L., Ruta graveolens L., e Stryphnodendron barbatiman M.The molluscicide activity of sixty-eight extracts from twenty-three Brazilian plants was studied in the laboratory. The solutions, in dechlorinated water, of hexanic and ethylic extracts at 1, 10 and 100 ppm concentrations, were tested on adult snails and egg masses of Biomphalaria glabrata, reared in the laboratory. The plants with molluscicide activity on adult snails and/or egg masses at 100 ppm concentration were: Arthemisia verlotorum Lamotte, Caesalpinia peltophoroides Benth, Cassia rugosa G. Don, Eclipta alba Hassk, Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd, Euphorbia splendens Bojer, Joannesia princeps Vell, Leonorus sibiricus L., Macrosiphonia guaranitica Muell, Nerium oleander L., Palicourea nicotianaefolia Cham. and Schlech., Panicum maximum M., Rumex crispus L., Ruta graveolens L. and Stryphnodendron barbatiman M.

Multilinguismo em Bonfim/RR : o ensino de língua portuguesa no contexto da diversidade linguística

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Santos, Alessandra de Souza

2013-01-01

Esta tese tem por objetivo analisar o ensino da Língua Portuguesa no contexto de multilinguismo. O lócus da pesquisa são as escolas urbanas da rede pública de ensino do município de Bonfim, situado na região leste do estado de Roraima, a 125 km da capital Boa Vista. A diversidade linguística e cultural são marcas facilmente perceptíveis a todos que chegam em Bonfim, lá encontram-se diferentes grupos indígenas (Macuxi, Ingarikó e Wai-wai línguas Karib e Wapichana língua Aruak), guianenses, ...

Onchocerciasis in the Amazonian focus of southern Venezuela: altitude and blackfly species composition as predictors of endemicity to select communities for ivermectin control programmes.

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Vivas-Martinez, S; Basáñez, M G; Grillet, M E; Weiss, H; Botto, C; García, M; Villamizar, N J; Chavasse, D C

1998-01-01

In preparation for an ivermectin distribution programme, the prevalence and intensity of infection due to Onchocerca volvulus as well as the species composition and abundance of Simulium vectors were investigated in 22 Yanomami communities situated along 2 altitudinal transects in the southern Venezuelan onchocerciasis focus. These transects corresponded to the Ocamo-Putaco and Orinoco-Orinoquito river systems, covering a range of elevation between 50 m and 740 m above sea level (asl). A total of 831 people underwent parasitological examination in this survey and an additional 196 patients from a previous study, at an altitude of 950 m, were included in the analysis. A total of 92,659 man-biting blackflies were collected and identified to morphospecies. S. oyapockense s.l. was the predominant simuliid up to 150 m asl, whereas S. guianense s.l. and S. incrustatum s.l. prevailed above 150 m. Communities located below 150 m were found to range from hypo- to mesoendemic; all villages above 150 m proved to be hyperendemic (> 60% microfilarial prevalence) and mass ivermectin treatment should be implemented. Age above 10-14 years, altitude of the village and biting rate of S. guianense s.l. up to 200 m asl were found to be statistically significant independent predictors of infection by multivariate logistic regression using a spline model. There were no differences in infection status according to sex. Above 200 m, microfilarial rate and density remained approximately constant, prevalence averaging 79% regardless of blackfly abundance. For the implementation of ivermectin-based onchocerciasis control programmes in the Amazonian focus, altitude and species composition of the blackfly population might be adopted as useful indicators aiding selection of the most affected communities. However, below 200 m additional parasitological indicators may also be necessary. As a direct result of this study, regular mass-ivermectin delivery to meso- and hyperendemic communities is now

Human onchocerciasis in the Amazonian area of southern Venezuela: spatial and temporal variations in biting and parity rates of black fly (Diptera: Simuliidae) vectors.

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Grillet, M E; Basáñez, M G; Vivas-Martínez, S; Villamizar, N; Frontado, H; Cortez, J; Coronel, P; Botto, C

2001-07-01

We investigated some entomological factors underlying altitudinal prevalence variation in the Venezuelan Amazonia human onchocerciasis focus. Spatial and temporal variation in relative abundance, daily biting rate, proportion of parous flies, and monthly parous biting rate were studied for the three main simuliid vectors (based on their vectorial competence: Simulium oyapockense s.l. Floch & Abonnenc approximately = S. incrustatum Lutz Yanomami villages were selected among sentinel communities of the ivermectin control program, representing hypo- to hyperendemicity conditions of infection. Spatial variation was explored via increasing village altitude on two river systems (A: Ocamo-Putaco and B: Orinoco-Orinoquito). Temporal variation was studied between 1995 and 1999 by sampling the biting population during dry and rainy mouths. Environmental variables included monthly rainfall and maximum river height. Simuliid species composition itself varied along the altitudinal and prevalence gradient. S. oyapockense s.l. prevailed below 150 m. Above this altitude and up to 240 m, S. incrustatum and S. guianense s.l. became more frequently and evenly collected along A but not along B, where S. incrustatum remained absent. The daily biting rate of S. oyapockense s.l. was higher during the dry season along A, whereas the converse took place along B. Daily biting rate of S. incrustatum was lowest during early rains. By contrast, the daily biting rate of S. guianense s.l. was highest during this period. There was a significant negative cross-correlation between proportion of parous of S. oyapockense s.l. and river height (2 and 3 mo lagged), whereas this variable (1 and 2 mo lagged) was positively correlated with the proportion of parous flies for S. incrustatum. Monthly parous biting rate values suggest that the months contributing most to onchocerciasis transmission in the area are likely to be the dry season and the transition periods between seasons.

Evidence of suppression of onchocerciasis transmission in the Venezuelan Amazonian focus.

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Botto, Carlos; Basañez, María-Gloria; Escalona, Marisela; Villamizar, Néstor J; Noya-Alarcón, Oscar; Cortez, José; Vivas-Martínez, Sarai; Coronel, Pablo; Frontado, Hortencia; Flores, Jorge; Graterol, Beatriz; Camacho, Oneida; Tovar, Yseliam; Borges, Daniel; Morales, Alba Lucia; Ríos, Dalila; Guerra, Francisco; Margeli, Héctor; Rodriguez, Mario Alberto; Unnasch, Thomas R; Grillet, María Eugenia

2016-01-27

The World Health Organization (WHO) has set goals for onchocerciasis elimination in Latin America by 2015. Most of the six previously endemic countries are attaining this goal by implementing twice a year (and in some foci, quarterly) mass ivermectin (Mectizan®) distribution. Elimination of transmission has been verified in Colombia, Ecuador and Mexico. Challenges remain in the Amazonian focus straddling Venezuela and Brazil, where the disease affects the hard-to-reach Yanomami indigenous population. We provide evidence of suppression of Onchocerca volvulus transmission by Simulium guianense s.l. in 16 previously hyperendemic Yanomami communities in southern Venezuela after 15 years of 6-monthly and 5 years of 3-monthly mass ivermectin treatment. Baseline and monitoring and evaluation parasitological, ophthalmological, entomological and serological surveys were conducted in selected sentinel and extra-sentinel communities of the focus throughout the implementation of the programme. From 2010 to 2012-2015, clinico-parasitological surveys indicate a substantial decrease in skin microfilarial prevalence and intensity of infection; accompanied by no evidence (or very low prevalence and intensity) of ocular microfilariae in the examined population. Of a total of 51,341 S. guianense flies tested by PCR none had L3 infection (heads only). Prevalence of infective flies and seasonal transmission potentials in 2012-2013 were, respectively, under 1% and 20 L3/person/transmission season. Serology in children aged 1-10 years demonstrated that although 26 out of 396 (7%) individuals still had Ov-16 antibodies, only 4/218 (2%) seropositives were aged 1-5 years. We report evidence of recent transmission and morbidity suppression in some communities of the focus representing 75% of the Yanomami population and 70% of all known communities. We conclude that onchocerciasis transmission could be feasibly interrupted in the Venezuelan Amazonian focus.

Effects of medicinal plant extracts on growth of Leishmania (L. amazonensis and Trypanosoma cruzi Efeito de extratos de plantas medicinais no crescimento de Leishmania (L. amazonensis e Trypanosoma cruzi

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Patrícia Shima Luize

2005-03-01

Full Text Available This study describes the screening of extracts obtained from 19 species of plants used in Brazilian traditional medicine for treatment of a variety of diseases. The extracts were tested against axenic amastigote and promastigote forms of Leishmania (L. amazonensis, and epimastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi in vitro at a concentration of 100 mg/ml. Baccharis trimera, Cymbopogon citratus, Matricaria chamomilla, Mikania glomerata, Ocimum gratissimum, Piper regnellii, Prunus domestica, Psidium guajava, Sambucus canadensis, Stryphnodendron adstringens, Tanacetum parthenium, and Tanacetum vulgare showed significant effects against one or both parasites, with a percentage of growth inhibition between 49.5 and 99%. The extracts showed no cytotoxic effect on sheep erythrocytes. These medicinal plants may be sources of new compounds that are clinically active against L. amazonensis and T. cruzi.Este estudo descreve a triagem de extratos obtidos de 19 espécies de plantas usadas na medicina tradicional brasileira para o tratamento de várias doenças. Os extratos foram testados contra formas amastigota axênica e promastigota de Leishmania (L. amazonensis, e formas epimastigota de Trypanosoma cruzi in vitro na concentração de 100 mg/ml. Baccharis trimera, Cymbopogon citratus, Matricaria chamomilla, Mikania glomerata, Ocimum gratissimum, Piper regnellii, Prunus domestica, Psidium guajava, Sambucus canadensis, Stryphnodendron adstringens, Tanacetum parthenium, e Tanacetum vulgare apresentaram efeito significante contra um ou ambos parasitas, com a porcentagem de inibição de crescimento entre 49,5 e 99%. Os extratos não mostraram efeito citotóxico em hemácias de carneiro. Essas plantas medicinais podem ser fontes alternativas de novos compostos clinicamente ativos contra L. amazonensis e T. cruzi.

Aspectos do Desenvolvimento Político e Econômico da Guyana

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Iuri Cavlak

2014-07-01

Full Text Available Este artigo visa analisar alguns aspectos do desenvolvimento político e econômico da Guyana, pequeno país sul-americano situado no extremo norte do subcontinente. Tendo seu passado ligado a Holanda e a Inglaterra, a Guyana só conquistou sua independência em 1966, num contexto de avanço dos movimentos sociais, empolgados na construção de uma nova nação, e oposição dos Estados Unidos, tentando frear a difusão das ideias socialistas e o apego da política externa guianense ao bloco soviético. A busca por uma economia nacionalizada e planejada foi constante, embora com resultados deveras aquém do esperado.

The Seis Lagos Carbonatite Complex

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Issler, R.S.; Silva, G.G. da.

1980-01-01

The Seis Lagos Carbonatite Complex located about 840 Km from Manaus, on the northwestern part of the Estado do Amazonas, Brazil is described. Geological reconnaissance mapping by Radam Project/DNPM, of the southwestern portion of the Guianes Craton, determined three circular features arranged in a north-south trend and outcroping as thick lateritic radioactive hills surrounded by gneisses and mignatites of the peneplained Guianense Complex. Results of core drilling samples analysis of the Seis Lagos Carbonatite Complex are compared with some igneous rocks and limestones of the world on the basis of abundance of their minor and trace elements. Log-log variation diagram of strontium and barium in carbonatite and limestone, exemplifield by South Africa and Angola carbonatites, are compared with the Seis Lagos Carbonatite Complex. The Seis Lagos Carbonatite Complex belongs to the siderite-soevite type. (E.G.) [pt

Quantitative ethnobotany in an atlantic forest fragment of northeastern Brazil: implications to conservation.

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Da Cunha, Luiz Vital F Cruz; De Albuquerque, Ulysses P

2006-03-01

An ethnobotanical study was executed in the rural community of the Municipality of "Rio Formoso", starting from the forest inventory accomplished in an Atlantic Forest remnant adjacent to the studied community. Using the methodology of quantitative ethnobotany allied to the ecological parameters (richness, relative frequency, relative density, relative dominance and importance value index) the following results were obtained: 42 inventoried species gathered in 26 families, presented from 1 to 27 means of use for the community. The largest use of the plants is related to obtaining wood in order to be used in house building, firewood production and charcoal. The largest use value was attributed to the Vouacapoua virgilioides (Kunth) Kuntze. The most frequent species were Tapirira guianensis Aubl. (Anacardiaceae), Thyrsodium schomburgkianum Benth. (Anacardiaceae), Schefflera morototoni (Aubl.) Maguire, Steyem. & Frodin (Araliaceae) and Dialium guianense (Aubl.) Sandwith. (Leg-Caesalpinioideae).

Análise da estrutura de uma comunidade lenhosa em área de cerrado sensu stricto no município de Senador Modestino Gonçalves, norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil A woody community structure in a cerrado sensu stricto area of the municipality of Senador Modestino Gonçalves, north of Minas Gerais State, Brazil

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Andreza Viana Neri

2007-02-01

Full Text Available Com a finalidade de conhecer a estrutura de uma comunidade arbórea de uma área de Cerrado, fez-se um estudo fitossociológico no Município de Senador Modestino Gonçalves. Para tal foram delimitadas 30 parcelas de 10 x 20m para levantamento dos dados, utilizando-se como critério de inclusão os indivíduos com circunferência do tronco à altura do solo (CAS = 10 cm. Foram encontradas 91 espécies de 38 famílias. As espécies que se destacaram como as mais importantes foram Qualea grandiflora, Eriotheca pubescens, Caryocar brasiliense, Byrsonima coccolobaefolia, Myrsine guianensis, Qualea parviflora, Dalbergia miscolobium, Stryphnodendron adstringens, Plathymenia reticulata e Lafoensia pacari. Essas 10 espécies representaram 49,32% do VI e 51,26% dos indivíduos amostrados. A área não apresentou espécie com dominância marcante, como mostrou o valor de equabilidade (J'= 0,80. Além de se destacar pela riqueza, o cerrado estudado destacou-se também pelos altos valores de densidade (6.476,67 ind/ha, de área basal (28,93 m²/ha e pelo alto índice de diversidade (H'=3,61.The aim of this work was to study the phytossociological structure of a tree community in a cerrado fragment located in Senador Modestino Gonçalves, MG. A total of 30 10x20m stands of tree individuals with stem circumferences at the soil level = 10cm were sampled, being found 91 species belonging to 38 families. The most important species were Qualea grandiflora, Eriotheca pubescens, Caryocar brasiliense, Byrsonima coccolobaefolia, Myrsine guianensis, Qualea parviflora, Dalbergia miscolobium, Stryphnodendron adstringens, Plathymenia reticulata and Lafoensia pacari. These species represented 49.32% of the importance value and 51.26% of the individuals. Besides standing out for its richness, the studied cerrado fragment also outstood out for its high tree density, biomass and diversity.

A new methodology for sampling blackflies for the entomological surveillance of onchocerciasis in Brazil.

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Érika S do Nascimento-Carvalho

Full Text Available The effectiveness of the MosqTent® trap was evaluated in endemic area to onchocerciasis in Brazil. This study seeks to provide subsidies for the monitoring of the onchocerciasis transmission in the country. The study was carried out at the Homoxi and Thirei villages, located in the Yanomami Indigenous Land, in the state of Roraima. This area presents hyperendemicity, high blackflies densities, large population migrations and mining activities. The Homoxi and Thirei villages are assisted by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. To conduct the present study, the village leader, health leaders and the Brazilian Ethics Committee were consulted. Blackflies captures were carried out simultaneously at the Homoxi and Thirei, using systematized methods to allow for comparisons between the traditional Human Landing Catch (HLC and HLC protected by the MosqTent®. The female blackflies were captured at two equidistant capture stations per locality, by two collectors per station, for five consecutive days. Individuals captured by interval/station/day were counted, identified and maintained at -20°C. The underlying probability distributions and the differences between the methods for the independent sample data were verified in a comparative statistical analysis between the use of the MosqTent® and the HLC. A total of 10,855 antropophilic blackflies were captured by both methodologies. A total of 7,367 (67.87% blackflies belonging to seven species were captured by MosqTent® -Simulium incrustatum s.l (99.06%; S. guianense s.l (0.74%, S. oyapockense s.l (0.01%, S. exiguum (0.10%, S. metallicum (0.05%, S. ochraceum (0.03% and S. minusculum s.l (0.01%. Moreover, 3,488 (32.14% blackflies belonging to four species were captured by HLC-S. incrustatum s.l (98.33%; S. guianense s.l (1.38%, S. oyapockense s.l (0.26% and S. metallicum (0.03%. The MosqTent® was more effective and efficient when compared to HLC. When comparing total blackflies captured/day, the Mosq

A new methodology for sampling blackflies for the entomological surveillance of onchocerciasis in Brazil.

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Nascimento-Carvalho, Érika S do; Cesário, Raquel de Andrade; do Vale, Vladimir Fazito; Aranda, Arion Tulio; Valente, Ana Carolina Dos Santos; Maia-Herzog, Marilza

2017-01-01

The effectiveness of the MosqTent® trap was evaluated in endemic area to onchocerciasis in Brazil. This study seeks to provide subsidies for the monitoring of the onchocerciasis transmission in the country. The study was carried out at the Homoxi and Thirei villages, located in the Yanomami Indigenous Land, in the state of Roraima. This area presents hyperendemicity, high blackflies densities, large population migrations and mining activities. The Homoxi and Thirei villages are assisted by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. To conduct the present study, the village leader, health leaders and the Brazilian Ethics Committee were consulted. Blackflies captures were carried out simultaneously at the Homoxi and Thirei, using systematized methods to allow for comparisons between the traditional Human Landing Catch (HLC) and HLC protected by the MosqTent®. The female blackflies were captured at two equidistant capture stations per locality, by two collectors per station, for five consecutive days. Individuals captured by interval/station/day were counted, identified and maintained at -20°C. The underlying probability distributions and the differences between the methods for the independent sample data were verified in a comparative statistical analysis between the use of the MosqTent® and the HLC. A total of 10,855 antropophilic blackflies were captured by both methodologies. A total of 7,367 (67.87%) blackflies belonging to seven species were captured by MosqTent® -Simulium incrustatum s.l (99.06%); S. guianense s.l (0.74%), S. oyapockense s.l (0.01%), S. exiguum (0.10%), S. metallicum (0.05%), S. ochraceum (0.03%) and S. minusculum s.l (0.01%). Moreover, 3,488 (32.14%) blackflies belonging to four species were captured by HLC-S. incrustatum s.l (98.33%); S. guianense s.l (1.38%), S. oyapockense s.l (0.26%) and S. metallicum (0.03%). The MosqTent® was more effective and efficient when compared to HLC. When comparing total blackflies captured/day, the MosqTent® was

Fungi infection in honeybee hives in regions affected by Brazilian sac brood

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K.M. Keller

2014-10-01

Full Text Available The Brazilian Sac Brood is a disease that affects apiaries of Africanized bee hives in Brazil, thereby making them susceptible to high losses. This study investigated the pathogenicity of Africanized bee hives by the entomopathogenic fungi in a Brazilian Sac Brood endemic region. The degree of fungal contamination, presence of mycotoxins in beehive elements, and vulnerability of healthy beehives in environments subjected and not subjected to the disease were investigated. From the contaminating fungal load, species that are mycotoxin producers and pathogenic causing mortality in the bees have been isolated. The analysis of bee pollen and bee bread samples did not show the presence of the toxic pollen of Stryphnodendron (Fabaceae, which has been indicated as the causative agent of mortality in pre-pupal stage larvae. However, bee bread showed the highest correlation between substrate and fungal contamination.

Estrutura de um fragmento florestal no Engenho Humaitá, Catende, Pernambuco, Brasil Structure of a forest fragment at Humaitá sugar mill, Catende, PE, Brazil

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Francisco J. P. Guimarães

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Avaliou-se, neste trabalho, a estrutura de um fragmento florestal antropizado denominado Mata das Galinhas, Engenho Humaitá, Catende, Pernambuco, e se utilizaram, para avaliar a composição florística e a estrutura fitossociológica, 14 parcelas de 10 x 25 m a fim de amostrar os indivíduos arbóreos com circunferência a 1,30 m do solo (CAP ≥ 10 cm. Foram estimados, então, densidade, frequência e dominância e valor de importância (VI e o índice de Shannon, além de registrados 438 indivíduos pertencentes a 63 espécies, 45 gêneros e 29 famílias. As famílias de maior importância foram Mimosaceae, Moraceae, Anacardiaceae e Lecythidaceae e as espécies com maiores valores de VI, foram Brosimum discolor, Parkia pendula, Eschweilera ovata, Thyrsodium spruceanum, Tapirira guianensis, Protium heptaphyllum, Casearia arborea, Helicostylis tomentosa, Dialium guianense, Schefflera morototoni, Himatanthus phagedaenicus e Cupania racemosa. Quando observado isoladamente, conclui-se que o fragmento estudado possui pouca relevância; entretanto, se considerado conjuntamente com outros fragmentos da área, sua diversidade é significativa o que justificaria esforços para sua conservação e manejo.The structure of a forest fragment, known as "Mata das Galinhas" at Humaitá sugar mill, Catende, Pernambuco, Brazil was evaluated. To evaluate the floristic composition and the phytosociological structure under anthropic action 14 plots of 10 x 25 m were used to sample the arboreal individuals with circumference at breast height (CBH ≥ 10 cm. The density, frequency, and dominance, the importance value (IV and the Shannon's index were calculated. A total of 438 individuals distributed into 63 species, 45 genera and 29 families were recorded. The families of larger importance in the study were Mimosaceae, Moraceae, Anacardiaceae and Lecythidaceae. The species with larger values of IV were Brosimum discolor, Parkia pendula, Eschweilera ovata

Efeito de extratos de plantas utilizadas na medicina popular no crescimento e diferenciação celular de Herpetomonas samuelpessoai (Kinetoplastida, Trypanosomatidae cultivada em meio definido Effect of plant extracts used in folk medicine on cell growth and differentiation of Herpetomonas samuelpessoai (Kinetoplastida, Trypanosomatidae cultivated in defined medium

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Fabiola Barbieri Holetz

2002-04-01

Full Text Available Neste trabalho, verificou-se o efeito de 15 plantas medicinais no crescimento e diferenciação celular de Herpetomonas samuelpessoai, um tripanosomatídeo não patogênico utilizado como modelo biológico, que apresenta antígenos semelhantes aos do Trypanosoma cruzi. Extratos brutos (1.000 g/ml ou óleo essencial (250 µg/ml foram adicionados ao meio definido. O crescimento celular foi determinado pela contagem em câmara de Newbauer e a diferenciação celular examinada por microscopia ótica. Ocimum gratissimum, Lippia alba, Piper regnellii, Stryphnodendron adstringens, e Tanacetum vulgare mostraram atividade antiprotozoário, Psidium guajava e Punica granatum menor atividade e Achillea millefolium, Eugenia uniflora, Mikania glomerata, Plantago major, e Spilanthes acmella não apresentaram atividade. Por outro lado, Arctium lappa, Erythrina speciosa, e Sambucus canadensis estimularam o crescimento de H. samuelpessoai e L. alba e S. acmella a diferenciação celular deste flagelado. Estes resultados indicam que plantas medicinais possuem princípios ativos contra H. samuelpessoai, o qual parece ser útil como modelo para seleção de plantas que contém drogas tripanomicidasThis work reports the effect of 15 medicinal plants on cell growth and differentiation of Herpetomonas samuelpessoai, a non-pathogenic trypanosomatid, used as biological model for its similar antigens to Trypanosoma cruzi. Crude extracts (1,000 g/ml or essential oil (250 g/ml were added in a defined medium. Cell growth was estimated by counting in Neubauer’s chamber and cell differentiation was examined by light microscope. Ocimum gratissimum, Lippia alba, Piper regnellii, Stryphnodendron adstringens, and Tanacetum vulgare showed antiprotozoan activity, Psidium guajava and Punica granatum a lower activity and Achillea millefolium, Eugenia uniflora, Mikania glomerata, Plantago major, and Spilanthes acmella had no activity. In contrast, Arctium lappa, Erythrina

Morphology of the hyoid apparatus of some species of odontocetes from southern Brazil.

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Dan Jacobs Pretto

2009-03-01

Full Text Available The hyoid apparatus of odontocetes serves as a major attachment point for the muscles and ligaments that subserve breathing, sound production and swallowing. However, most of the literature on anatomy does not consider the bones of this region, presenting general osteological descriptions without considering the comparative aspects. This study sought to determine the intra and interspecific variations of the ossified hyoid apparatus elements from six species of odontocetus. We studied 96 hyoid apparatuses from the following species: Phocoena spinipinnis (n = 1, Pontoporia blainvillei (n = 20, Sotalia guianensis (n = 37, Stenella frontalis (n = 13, Steno bredanensis (n = 6 and Tursiops truncatus (n = 19. Among the six species analyzed, P. spinipinnis, P. blainvillei and S. guianenses presented a diagnostic feature of this apparatus, while the others were best described morphometrically when considering all the hyoid apparatus bones. Intraspecific variation was registered with greater amplitude in T. truncatus, while S. guianensis showed sexual dimorphism. The morphology of the hyoid apparatus proved to be important in the differentiation and characterization of all studied species.

Antimicrobial activity of rosemary-pepper essential oil and barbatimao dry crude extract against bacteria isolated from milk

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João Paulo Ramos Costa

2011-12-01

Full Text Available The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of Lippia sidoides essential oil (LsEO, popularly known as “rosemary-pepper”, and the Stryphnodendron adstringens dry crude extract (SaDCE, or “barbatimao”, against bacteria isolated from total milk flock, from small farms of northern Minas Gerais state. SaDCE was obtained from the peel of the vegetable through static distillation in ethanol 99.9% during eight days. LsEO was obtained through hydro-distillation of its fresh leaves. The bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from milk underwent the test of disk-diffusion and minimum bacterial concentration (MBC, using concentrations of 320, 160, 80, 40, 20 and 0μl/mL of LsEO and 400, 200, 100, 50, 25 and 0mg/mL of SaDCE. All bacteria were sensitive to the vegetable extracts, except the Escherichia coli which was not inhibited by any test when SaDCE was used.

Calogênese e teores de fenóis e tatinos totais em barbatimão [stryphnodendron adstringens (mart. coville] Callogenesis and contents of total phenols and tannins in barbatimão [Stryphnodendron adsrtingens (Mart. Coville

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Ana Hortência Fonsêca Castro

2009-04-01

Full Text Available Atualmente, culturas de células ou de suspensões celulares têm sido frequentemente empregadas para produzir fitoterápicos com maiores concentrações de princípios ativos. O barbatimão é uma importante espécie medicinal do Cerrado, com taninos nas cascas do caule. Objetivando-se induzir calos em barbatimão e avaliar os teores de fenóis e taninos totais, explantes foliares foram inoculados em meio MS suplementado com 30 g L-1 sacarose e acrescidos de 2,4-D (0; 4,52; 9,05; 18,10 μM e BAP (0; 4,44; 8,88; 17,75 μM , na presença e ausência de luz. A calogênese ocorreu em meios contendo 2,4-D, na presença de luz. O número de calos não variou com as concentrações de 2,4-D e maiores valores de matérias fresca e seca de calos e teores de fenóis totais foram observados em meios com 9,05 μM e 18,10 μM de 2,4-D, na presença e ausência de luz. Com BAP, a calogênese ocorreu na ausência de luz, com maior produção de calos na presença de 4,44 e 8,88 μM de BAP e maiores valores de matéria fresca e seca em meios com 4,44 μM de BAP. Calos crescidos em meios suplementados 4,44 e 17,75 μM de BAP apresentaram maiores teores de fenóis totais. Não se detectaram taninos, independente do regulador empregado.Recently, cell cultures and cell suspensions have been frequently employed to produce phytotherapics with high amounts of active principles. Barbatimão is a native species from the Cerrado, with tannins in the stem bark. In order to induce callus in barbatimão and evaluate the content of total phenols and tannins, leaf explants were inoculated on MS medium, supplemented with sucrose 30 g L¹ and 2,4-D (0, 4.52, 9.05, 18.10 μM and BA (0, 4.44, 8.88, 17.75 μM , in the presence and absence of light. The callogenesis occurred on medium containing 2,4-D, in the presence of light. The callus number did not alter with the different concentrations of 2,4-D but higher values of dry and fresh matter of the callus and total phenol contents were observed in medium with 9.05 μM and 18.10 μM of 2,4-D, independently of the light treatment. In treatments with BA, the callogenesis occurred in the absence of light and higher callus induction was observed in medium supplemented with 4.44 and 8.88 μM BA in the absence of light and higher values of dry and fresh matter of the callus were observed in medium increased with 4.44 μM BA. Callus grown on medium supplemented with 4.44 and 17.75 μM BA showed higher total phenol content. Tannins were not detected independently of the regulator used.

Análise fitossociológica de um remanescente de vegetação na microbacia do Córrego Criminoso (Bacia do Rio Taquari, Coxim, MS, Brasil: subsídios para a recomposição da vegetação Phytosociological analysis of a vegetation remnant in the Córrego Criminoso Basin (Taquari River Basin, Coxim District, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil: data for vegetation recovery studies

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Adriana Maria Güntzel

2011-09-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar a análise florística e fitossociológica preliminar em um remanescente de vegetação na área de entorno do Córrego Criminoso, visando subsidiar futuros projetos de recomposição da vegetação. A área total do remanescente foi determinada com o auxílio de GPS e dos programas Pathfinder e Autocad. Amostragens de indivíduos com CAP maior ou igual a 20 cm foram realizadas em 20 parcelas de 300 m² distribuídas na área. Foram encontradas 26 famílias botânicas contendo 36 gêneros e 49 espécies. A família Leguminosae foi a mais rica em espécies, seguida da família Annonaceae. A espécie Xylopia aromatica foi a mais freqüente, apresentando valores de IVI e IVC de 99,77 e 85,73, respectivamente. Observou-se que mais de 50% das espécies presentes na área são pioneiras ou secundárias, sendo cinco consideradas típicas de matas ciliares: Tapirira guianenses, Cecropia pachystachya, Terminalia argentea, Ocotea pulchellae e Luehea grandiflora. O remanescente de vegetação do entorno do Córrego Criminoso encontra-se fortemente degradado, necessitando de ações de manejo específicos nos fragmentos vegetados e nas áreas destituídas de vegetação, cujas recomendações são propostas.The aim of this study was to complete a preliminary, floristic, phytosociological analyses of a vegetation remnant in the Criminoso Stream Basin, in order to provide data for future projects focusing on vegetation recovery. The total area of the remnant was determined using a GPS and the software Pathfinder and Autocad. Samples of individuals larger or equal to 20 cm CBH were made in 20 quadrats that were 300 m². Thirty-six genera and 49 species, within 26 botanical families, were found. The family Leguminosae was the richest in species, followed by the Annonaceae. Xylopia aromatica was the most frequent species, presenting values of IVI and IVC of 99.77 and 85.73, respectively. More than 50% of the species present

.

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Dan Jacobs Pretto

2009-08-01

Full Text Available Morphology of the hyoid apparatus of some species of odontocetes from southern Brazil. The hyoid apparatus of odontocetes serves as a major attachment point for the muscles and ligaments that subserve breathing, sound production and swallowing. However, most of the literature on anatomy does not consider the bones of this region, presenting general osteological descriptions without considering the comparative aspects. This study sought to determine the intra and interspecific variations of the ossified hyoid apparatus elements from six species of odontocetus. We studied 96 hyoid apparatuses from the following species: Phocoena spinipinnis (n = 1, Pontoporia blainvillei (n = 20, Sotalia guianensis (n = 37, Stenella frontalis (n = 13, Steno bredanensis (n = 6 and Tursiops truncatus (n = 19. Among the six species analyzed, P. spinipinnis, P. blainvillei and S. guianenses presented a diagnostic feature of this apparatus, while the others were best described morphometrically when considering all the hyoid apparatus bones. Intraspecific variation was registered with greater amplitude in T. truncatus, while S. guianensis showed sexual dimorphism. The morphology of the hyoid apparatus proved to be important in the differentiation and characterization of all studied species.

Estrutura fitossociológica do componente arbóreo de um fragmento de Floresta Ombrófila Densa na mata sul de Pernambuco, nordeste do Brasil

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Roberto Felix Costa

2008-01-01

Full Text Available This work aimed to describe physiognomy and structure of a Dense Ombrophyllous Forest fragment located in Catende, Pernambuco. All trees with DAP (breast height diameter ≥ 4.77 cm were measured in 40 10 x 25 m plots, systematically installed in five transects. A total of 1049 individuals were observed, distributed in 91 species, 64 genera and 37 botanical families. Mimosaceae and Lauraceae were the families with higher species number, while Anacardiaceae and Moraceae had the highest individuals numbers. Shannon index (H´ was 3.83 nats/ind. Total basal area, height and diameter (average and maximum were 23.59 m²/ha, 13.57 m (± 7.13, 45 m, 13.20 cm (± 10.60 and 127.32 cm, respectively. The species with higher importance values were Tapirira guianensis Aubl., Dialium guianense (Aubl. Sandwith, Helicostylis tomentosa (Poepp. & Endl. Rusby, Thyrsodium spruceanum Benth., Plathymenia foliolosa Benth., Brosimum discolor Schott, Parkia pendula (Willd. Benth. ex Walp., Schefflera morototoni (Aubl. Maguire, Steyerm. & Frodin, Eschweilera ovata (Cambess. Miers and Cecropia palmata Willd. Diametric distribution had an inverted-J-like curve, predicted for a forest unequal in ages in a secondary succession stage.

Antimicrobial screening of some medicinal plants from Mato Grosso Cerrado

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Iberê E Silva Junior

Full Text Available Hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts from stem barks of Bowdichia virgilioides, Calophyllum brasiliense, Cariniana rubra, Lafoensia pacari, and Stryphnodendron obovatum and rhizome of Simaba ferruginea and Dragon's blood red sap from Croton urucurana were screened against a panel of bacteria and fungi using the micro-broth dilution method. Dragon's blood from Croton urucurana was the most effective antimicrobial plant material. Ethyl acetate and hexane extracts of Calophyllum brasiliense stem bark deserved distinction by their selective antibacterial activity. Lafoensia pacari stem bark polar extracts distinguished by their potent and selective anti-yeast activity and Bowdichia virgilioides polar and non-polar extracts by their antifungal activity towards hyalohypho-mycetes and dermatophytes. This is the first report showing antifungal activity for polar extracts of Cariniana rubra and Simaba ferruginea. This study has demonstrated antimicrobial activity of Mato Grosso Cerrado ethnomedicinal plants in in vitro assays and has indicated that they can be effective potential candidates for the development of new strategies to treat fungal and bacterial infections.

Etnobotânica de Plantas Medicinais no Assentamento Monjolinho, município de Anastácio, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil Ethnobotany of medicinal plants in the Monjolinho settlement, Anastácio, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

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Simone Alves da Cunha

2011-09-01

Full Text Available O objetivo desse trabalho foi realizar um estudo etnobotânico sobre as plantas medicinais utilizadas pelos moradores do assentamento Monjolinho, Anastácio, Mato Grosso do Sul. Foram entrevistados através do método bola de neve 35 moradores (33 mulheres. As espécies (210 pertencem a 72 famílias, destacando-se as nativas do Cerrado, sendo o restante cultivado próximos das casas. Fabaceae e Asteraceae foram as mais citadas. Das 23 espécies de Fabaceae, 20 são nativas. As espécies que obtiveram o maior número de citações foram jatobá (Hymenaea spp. e o barbatimão (Stryphnodendron obovatum Benth. e as com índice de concordância de uso (CUP alto foram barbatimão (S. obovatum e cancorosa (Maytenus ilicifolia (Schrad. Planch. As folhas foram as partes mais utilizadas. As doenças do aparelho respiratório e geniturinário foram as mais citadas. A diversidade (H'= 5,03 de uso das espécies é alta. O conhecimento foi adquirido entre amigos (37%, cursos (17% ou família (39% e mostra que, ao longo do tempo, há expressivo aproveitamento das espécies medicinais e conhecimento da comunidade.This work carried out an ethnobotanical survey of the medicinal plants used by the inhabitants of the Monjolinho settlement in Anastácio city, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. The goal of this work was to verify how residents congregate information brought from their place with information obtained where they live now, and to verify how the knowledge of spontaneous and native species from cerrado varies in relation to the specie cultivated. A total of 35 inhabitants were interviewed using the snowball method (33 women. The species (210 recorded belong to 72 families. Of these, many are native Cerrado species and the remaining species are cultivated next to the houses. Fabaceae and Asteraceae were the most cited families. Of the 23 species of Fabaceae, 20 are native. The species with the highest number of citations were jatobá (Hymenaea spp. and

Efeito embriotóxico, teratogênico e abortivo de plantas medicinais Embryotoxic, teratogenic and abortive effects of medicinal plants

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H.G. Rodrigues

2011-01-01

Full Text Available O uso milenar de plantas medicinais mostrou ao longo dos anos, que determinadas plantas apresentam substâncias potencialmente perigosas. Do ponto de vista científico, algumas pesquisas mostraram que muitas dessas plantas possuem substâncias agressivas e por essa razão devem ser utilizadas com cuidado, respeitando seus riscos toxicológicos. Os efeitos mais preocupantes do uso indiscriminado de plantas medicinais são embriotóxico, teratogênico e abortivo, uma vez, que os constituintes da planta podem atravessar a placenta, chegar ao feto e gerar um desses efeitos. Este estudo objetiva fornecer uma listagem das principais plantas medicinais que tenham efeitos embriotóxicos, teratogênicos e abortivos comprovados, conhecendo as partes da planta utilizadas e seus respectivos nomes científicos, com a finalidade de alertar gestantes quanto aos riscos de seu uso. Realizou-se buscas nas bases eletrônicas de dados SciELO, PubMed, MEDLINE, LILACS, CAPES e Google acadêmico. Nos resultados encontrados, plantas como Arnica (Arnica montana, Artemísia (Artemisia vulgaris, Arruda (Ruta chalepensis/ Ruta graveolens, Barbatimão (Stryphnodendron polyphyllum, Boldo (Vernonia condensata dentre outras, podem vir a gerar um desses efeitos. A partir deste estudo comprova-se que para a maioria das plantas medicinais não há dados a respeito da segurança de seu uso durante a gravidez.The ancient use of medicinal plants has shown over the years that certain plants have potentially dangerous substances. From a scientific point of view, some studies have shown that many of these plants contain aggressive substances and therefore should be used with caution, respecting their toxicological risks. The most important effects of the indiscriminate use of medicinal plants are embryotoxic, teratogenic and abortifacient since the plant constituents can cross the placenta, reaching the fetus and leading to one of these effects. This study aimed to provide a list of

Fitossociologia de um fragmento de cerrado sensu stricto na APA do Paranoá, DF, Brasil Phytosociology of a cerrado sensu stricto fragment at the Paranoá Environmental Protection Area, DF, Brazil

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Sérgio Lelis Assunção

2004-12-01

Full Text Available Este estudo foi conduzido no Distrito Federal, no Centro Olímpico da Universidade de Brasília. O local é um dos poucos remanescentes de vegetação natural no perímetro urbano de Brasília. O objetivo do trabalho foi estudar a composição florística e a fitossociologia do cerrado sensu stricto, visando obter subsídios para um plano de conservação da área. Foram alocadas aleatoriamente dez parcelas de 20×50m (1.000m². Foram incluídos na amostragem todos os troncos com diâmetro maior ou igual a 5cm, obtidos a 30cm do solo. Foram amostradas 54 espécies distribuídas em 44 gêneros e 30 famílias. A família Leguminosae apresentou o maior número de espécies (9, seguida da Malpighiaceae (4 e Vochysiaseae (4. As espécies com maior Índice do Valor de Importância foram Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart. Coville, Styrax ferrugineus Nees & Mart., Ouratea hexasperma (A. St.-Hill., Caryocar brasiliense Cambess. e Kielmeyera coriacea (Spreng. Mart. O índice de Shannon (H'= 3,41 comprovou a alta diversidade da área. A densidade foi de 882 árvores por hectare e a área basal de 9,53m²/ha.This study was conducted in a remnant of cerrado sensu stricto at the Olimpic Center of the University of Brasília, at the Paranoá Environmental Protection Area - DF. The site is one of the few remnants of natural vegetation within the urban perimeter of Brasília. The objective was to investigate the floristic composition and the phytosociology of the cerrado sensu stricto to gather information for a conservation plan. Ten 20×50m (1,000m² plots were ramdonly located and all woody individuals with dbh equal or greater than 5cm at 30cm from ground level were identified and measured. A total of 54 species in 44 genera and 30 families were found at the site. Leguminosae had the most species (9, followed by Malpighiaceae (4 and Vochysiaseae (4. The highest importance values were for Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart. Coville, Styrax ferrugineus Nees

Associação micorízica em espécies arbóreas, atividade microbiana e fertilidade do solo em áreas degradadas de cerrado

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Márcia Helena Scabora

2011-01-01

growth, where 50 mL of preserved cerrado soil was applied as inoculum of microorganisms. Seedlings of 11 tree species were planted: Anadenanthera falcata (Benth. Speg ('angico-preto', Acacia polyphylla D.C. ('monjoleiro', Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart. Coville ('barbatimão', Dimorphandra mollis Benth ('faveiro', Hymenaea stigonocarpa Mart. ex Hayne ('jatobá-de-cerrado', Dipteryx alata Vog. ('baru', Machaerium acutifolium Vogel ('jacarandá- do-campo', Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi ('aroeirapimenteira', Magonia pubescens St. Hil. ('tingui', Lafoensia pacari St. Hil. ('dedaleira' and Tabebuia aurea (Manso Benth. & Hook ('ipê-amarelo'. Twelve months later, root samples were colleted at the depth of 0-0.10 m and used for evaluations. The subsoil, as compared to pasture soil, was poor in organic matter and presented less microbial activity. The highest mycorrhizal colonization was seen in the species Acacia polyphylla D.C. (monjoleiro, Magonia pubescens St. Hil. (tingui, Hymenaea stigonocarpa Mart. ex Hayne (jatobá-de-cerrado and Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (aroeira-pimenteira. These species could be indicated in revegetation projects in 'cerrado' degraded areas. Plants from both areas showed seedlings form high mycorrhizal colonization and low numbers of spores.

Antioxidant properties of species from the Brazilian cerrado by different assays

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K.S. Farias

2013-01-01

Full Text Available The purpose of this study was to screen the antioxidant activity of medicinal plant extracts from the Brazilian cerrado, through other methods than the total phenolic content and its correlation with the antioxidant activity. Ethanolic extracts of ten species were evaluated through three antioxidant assays, in vitro, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH, total antioxidant activity and reducing power; and by using the Folin-Ciocalteu method the total phenolic content was determined. Ethanolic extracts of Stryphnodendron obovatum, Cecropia pachystachya and Duguetia furfuraceae showed strong antioxidant activity (IC50<5 µg mL-1 in the DPPH free radical scavenging assay; the species Vernonia phosphorea, Hymenaea stignocarpa and Jacaranda ulei may also be highlighted. These results were confirmed in the assays of total antioxidant capacity and reducing power. The extracts of S. obovatum and V. phosphorea showed an abundant phenolic content; therefore, the phenolic content may play a role in the antioxidant activity. These two species, traditionally used in Brazil, showed great power in these assay systems and may be a promising source for the development of natural antioxidants and future candidates for phytochemical and pharmacological studies in related diseases.

Determination of the inorganic components in the Brazilian medicinal plants from 'in natura' and capsule forms, using X-ray fluorescence techniques (WD and ED systems). Quantitative inorganic profile definition; Determinacao de componentes inorganicos em plantas medicinais, comercializadas em formas de po (capsulas) e 'in natura', utilizando a tecnica de fluorescencia de raios X por dispersao de comprimento de onda (WDXRF) e por dispersao de energia (EDXRF). Definicao de perfis inorganicos quantitativos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ferreira, Manuel Octavio Marques

2004-07-01

The Na, Mg, P, S, CI, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb and Sr concentrations in the Stryphnodendron barbatiman (Barbatimao), Malva officinalis (Malva), Salvia officinalis (Salvia), Ginkgo folium (Ginkgo biloba), Echinodorus macrophylius (Chapeu de couro), Paulina cupana (Guarana), Valeriana officinalis (Valeriana), Cordia salicifolia (Porangaba), Calendula officinalis (Calendula), Solidago microglossa (Arnica), Arnica montana (Arnica) and Schinus molle (Aroeira) species were concentrations. The specimens were sampled 'in natura' (leaves, flowers, barks and seeds) and capsule (powder) forms from different commercial labels. The elemental determination was outlined by wavelength dispersive (WDXRF) and energy dispersive (EDXRF) X-ray fluorescence techniques using, respectively, linear regression and fundamental parameter methods. The repeatability and accuracy of the methods were evaluated using the certified reference material NIST 1547 - 'Peach Leaves'. Statistical treatments, such as Chauvenet and Cochrane, ANOVA and Z-score tests, were applied. A quantitative inorganic profile was obtained for each specie from 'in natura' and capsule forms. Different inorganic compositions were observed in the different parts (leaves, flowers, barks and seeds) of the Schinus molle (Aroeira), Arnica montana (Arnica), Calendula officinalis (Calendula) and Echinodorus macrophylius (Chapeu de couro) species. (author)

Determination of the inorganic components in the Brazilian medicinal plants from 'in natura' and capsule forms, using X-ray fluorescence techniques (WD and ED systems). Quantitative inorganic profile definition; Determinacao de componentes inorganicos em plantas medicinais, comercializadas em formas de po (capsulas) e 'in natura', utilizando a tecnica de fluorescencia de raios X por dispersao de comprimento de onda (WDXRF) e por dispersao de energia (EDXRF). Definicao de perfis inorganicos quantitativos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ferreira, Manuel Octavio Marques

2004-07-01

The Na, Mg, P, S, CI, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb and Sr concentrations in the Stryphnodendron barbatiman (Barbatimao), Malva officinalis (Malva), Salvia officinalis (Salvia), Ginkgo folium (Ginkgo biloba), Echinodorus macrophylius (Chapeu de couro), Paulina cupana (Guarana), Valeriana officinalis (Valeriana), Cordia salicifolia (Porangaba), Calendula officinalis (Calendula), Solidago microglossa (Arnica), Arnica montana (Arnica) and Schinus molle (Aroeira) species were concentrations. The specimens were sampled 'in natura' (leaves, flowers, barks and seeds) and capsule (powder) forms from different commercial labels. The elemental determination was outlined by wavelength dispersive (WDXRF) and energy dispersive (EDXRF) X-ray fluorescence techniques using, respectively, linear regression and fundamental parameter methods. The repeatability and accuracy of the methods were evaluated using the certified reference material NIST 1547 - 'Peach Leaves'. Statistical treatments, such as Chauvenet and Cochrane, ANOVA and Z-score tests, were applied. A quantitative inorganic profile was obtained for each specie from 'in natura' and capsule forms. Different inorganic compositions were observed in the different parts (leaves, flowers, barks and seeds) of the Schinus molle (Aroeira), Arnica montana (Arnica), Calendula officinalis (Calendula) and Echinodorus macrophylius (Chapeu de couro) species. (author)

Determination of the inorganic components in the Brazilian medicinal plants from 'in natura' and capsule forms, using X-ray fluorescence techniques (WD and ED systems). Quantitative inorganic profile definition

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ferreira, Manuel Octavio Marques

2004-01-01

The Na, Mg, P, S, CI, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb and Sr concentrations in the Stryphnodendron barbatiman (Barbatimao), Malva officinalis (Malva), Salvia officinalis (Salvia), Ginkgo folium (Ginkgo biloba), Echinodorus macrophylius (Chapeu de couro), Paulina cupana (Guarana), Valeriana officinalis (Valeriana), Cordia salicifolia (Porangaba), Calendula officinalis (Calendula), Solidago microglossa (Arnica), Arnica montana (Arnica) and Schinus molle (Aroeira) species were concentrations. The specimens were sampled 'in natura' (leaves, flowers, barks and seeds) and capsule (powder) forms from different commercial labels. The elemental determination was outlined by wavelength dispersive (WDXRF) and energy dispersive (EDXRF) X-ray fluorescence techniques using, respectively, linear regression and fundamental parameter methods. The repeatability and accuracy of the methods were evaluated using the certified reference material NIST 1547 - 'Peach Leaves'. Statistical treatments, such as Chauvenet and Cochrane, ANOVA and Z-score tests, were applied. A quantitative inorganic profile was obtained for each specie from 'in natura' and capsule forms. Different inorganic compositions were observed in the different parts (leaves, flowers, barks and seeds) of the Schinus molle (Aroeira), Arnica montana (Arnica), Calendula officinalis (Calendula) and Echinodorus macrophylius (Chapeu de couro) species. (author)

Galactomannans from Brazilian seeds: characterization of the oligosaccharides produced by mild acid hydrolysis.

Science.gov (United States)

Ganter, J L; Heyraud, A; Petkowicz, C L; Rinaudo, M; Reicher, F

1995-02-01

Galactomannans with Man:Gal ratios ranging from 1.1:1 to 3:1, obtained from the seeds of Mimosa scabrella, Stryphnodendron barbatiman, Schizolobium parahybum and Schizolobium amazonicum, were submitted to mild acid hydrolysis. The products were fractionated by gel permeation chromatography on BioGel P2 yielding fractions with degrees of polymerization (DP) of 1 to 6. Those with DP 2 to 6 from each species were analysed by ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography and characterized by 13C- and 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The distribution of the oligosaccharides of each degree of polymerization was very similar for the products from S. parahybum and S. amazonicum, indicating the same D-galactosyl distribution on the D-mannan backbone, in agreement with the 13C-NMR splitting in the C4 region of the D-mannosyl units in the original polymers. The hydrolytic conditions adopted allowed characterization of compounds that are not generally produced by enzymatic treatments. The results show that the structures of the oligosaccharides, even if there is a preferential hydrolysis of Gal-Man linkages, reflect the composition of the parent polymer.

Avaliação dos níveis de extrativismo da casca de barbatimão [Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart. Coville] no Distrito Federal, Brasil Evaluation of exploitation levels of barbatimão bark [Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart. Coville] in Distrito Federal, Brazil

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Henrique Cruvinel Borges Filho

2003-10-01

Full Text Available Este estudo visou subsidiar o estabelecimento de diretrizes para a conservação e o manejo do barbatimão, cuja casca é usada na produção de medicamentos tradicionais, além de ser boa produtora de tanino. A coleta da casca exercida pela população é estimulada por indústrias farmacêuticas e, aos poucos, vem provocando esgotamento deste recurso. Para avaliar o dano extrativista, foram realizados sete caminhamentos, de 2 horas cada, em quatro unidades de conservação no Distrito Federal: um no Arboreto da UnB; dois na ''Matinha'' do Centro Olímpico da UnB, na APA do Paranoá; três na APA Gama e Cabeça de Veado; e um no Parque Ecológico Norte. Nesta ocasião, foram medidos os diâmetros (a 30 cm do solo, as alturas das plantas e os níveis de danos na casca provocados pelo extrativismo. Os danos foram classificados em oito níveis:0 = sem dano; 1 = > 10%; 2 = 11-25%; 3 = 2650%; 4 = 51-75%; 5 = 76-100% de casca removida; 6 = mortas; e 7 = rebrotas. A estrutura diamétrica foi ajustada por regressão, conforme o modelo ''J-invertido''. A freqüência nas classes diamétricas iniciais ficou abaixo do esperado, o que indica que poderá haver redução na densidade desta espécie na porção estudada do Distrito Federal. A avaliação qualitativa indicou que 41% dos indivíduos amostrados apresentaram sinais de extrativismo desordenado independentemente do porte da planta. Deste modo, torna-se importante estabelecer políticas voltadas para o desenvolvimento de técnicas de manejo sustentado e programas de domesticação, assim como a criação de um plano gestor para as unidades de conservação no Distrito Federal.This study provides guidelines for the conservation and management of barbatimão, whose bark is used in the production of a traditional medicine which is being commercialized by the pharmaceutical industry. Exploitation without replacement is causing the reduction of this resource. Thus, seven transects were set up in four conservation units at the Distrito Federal: one in the Arboretum - UnB, two in the Olympic Center Woods - UnB in the Paranoá APA, three in the ''Gama Cabeça de Veado'' APA and one in the Northern Ecological Park. The diameter and the heights of the plants were measured and the levels of bark damage caused by exploitation were registered. A two-hour walk was completed in each transect. Damage was classified in eight categories (0 = no damage, 1 = > 10 %, 2 = 11-25%, 3 = 26-50%, 4 = 51-75%, 5 = 76-100% of removed bark, 6 = dead trees and 7 = resprouts. The diameter structure was fitted to the reversed-J regression model. Frequency at the initial diameter classes was below the expected, indicating that there may be a reduction in the density of this species. Qualitative assessment indicated that two out of five individuals studied showed signs of exploitation regardless of size of the plant. Therefore, it is important to establish policies for a sustainable management plan for the conservation units in the Distrito Federal and also to develop methodologies for cultivation and sustainable management of this species.

Efeito de extratos aquosos de plantas na oviposição da traça-das-crucíferas, em couve Effect of plants aqueous extracts on oviposition of the diamondback, in kale

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Cesar Augusto Manfré Medeiros

2005-01-01

Full Text Available Avaliou-se o efeito de extratos aquosos de Achillea millefolium L. (folhas, Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (folhas, Bidens pilosa L. (folhas, frutos e ramos, Bougainvillea glabra Choisy (folhas, Chenopodium ambrosioides L. (folhas, frutos e ramos, Datura suaveolens Humb & Bonpl. ex. Willd (folhas, Enterolobium contortisilliquum (Vell. Morong (frutos, Mentha crispa L. (folhas e ramos, Nicotiana tabacum L. (folhas, Piper nigrum L. (folhas, Plumbago capensis Thunb. (folhas e ramos, Pothomorphe umbellata L. (folhas, Sapindus saponaria L. (folhas, S. saponaria (frutos, Solanum cernuum Vell. (folhas, Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart Coville (casca, Symphytum officinale L. (folhas, Trichilia catigua A. Juss. (folhas, T. catigua (ramos, Trichilia pallida Sw. (folhas e T. pallida (ramos, em relação à preferência para oviposição de Plutella xylostella. Discos de folhas de couve (Brassica oleracea var. acephala cultivar Georgia foram imersos em cada extrato à concentração de 10% (massa/volume por um minuto. Em seguida, foram divididos em quatro partes iguais e duas partes foram colocadas alternadamente com outras duas partes tratadas com água destilada, em uma gaiola. A contagem dos ovos foi feita após 24 horas. Os extratos apresentaram efeito deterrente na oviposição da praga, com exceção do extrato de S. adstringens, que não diferiu da testemunha, tratada apenas com água destilada. Os extratos de E. contortisilliquum, S. saponaria (frutos e T. pallida (folhas foram os mais eficientes, apresentando 100% de deterrência.The effect of aqueous extracts from Achillea millefolium L. (leaves, Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (leaves, Bidens pilosa L. (leaves, fruits e branches, Bougainvillea glabra Choisy (leaves, Chenopodium ambrosioides L. (leaves, fruits e branches, Datura suaveolens Humb & Bonpl. ex. Willd (leaves, Enterolobium contortisilliquum (Vell. Morong (fruits, Mentha crispa L. (leaves e branches, Nicotiana tabacum L. (leaves, Piper nigrum

Antifungigrama para comprovar o potencial de ação dos extratos vegetais hidroglicólicos sobre Candida sp. (Berkhout Etest to confirm the action potential of plant hydroglycol extracts on Candida sp. (Berkhout

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E.A.V. Glehn

2012-01-01

Full Text Available A candidíase vaginal é uma doença causada, na maioria das vezes, pelo fungo do gênero Candida sp, que habita o trato gastrintestinal e geniturinário da espécie humana e pode tornar-se patogênico sob determinadas condições. A maioria dos indivíduos desenvolve defesas imunológicas que impedem a proliferação e desenvolvimento de candidíase localizada ou disseminada. Embora a causa exata do aumento de espécies não-albicans seja desconhecida, há evidências de que a própria terapia antifúngica possa estar contribuindo para o processo. Linhagens de C. glabrata são mais resistentes aos imidazólicos do que a C. albicans, sendo necessária uma concentração 10 vezes superior de miconazol para eliminar a C. glabrata quando comparada a C. albicans. Foi realizado um antifungigrama testando o potencial de ação de produtos vegetais sobre o fungo Candida sp. Foi observado que, ocorreu inibição do fungo no contato com os extratos hidroglicólicos das plantas Arctium lappa L., Calendula officinalis L., Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart. Coville e Tabebuia avellanedae Lorentz ex Griseb. A importância deste trabalho reside na possibilidade de desenvolvimento de tratamento complementar, menos agressivo, de menor custo e sem toxidade, o que possibilitaria melhor qualidade de vida para portadoras de candidíase vaginal recorrente ou não.Vaginal candidiasis is a disease caused, in most cases, by the fungus of the genus Candida sp., which inhabits the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts of the human species and can become pathogenic under certain conditions. Most individuals develop immune defenses that prevent the proliferation and the development of localized or disseminated candidiasis. Although the exact cause of the increase in non-albicans species is unknown, there is evidence that antifungal therapy itself may have contributed to it. Strains of C. glabrata are more resistant to imidazole than C. albicans, and a 10-fold higher

Atividade antimicrobiana de extratos hidroalcoolicos das folhas de alecrim- pimenta, aroeira, barbatimão, erva baleeira e do farelo da casca de pequi Antimicrobial activity of hydroalcoholic extracts from rosemary, peppertree, barbatimão and erva baleeira leaves and from pequi peel meal

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Lucinéia de Pinho

2012-02-01

Full Text Available Avaliou-se o perfil fitoquímico de extratos hidroalcoólicos padrão (EAPs, obtidos a partir das folhas de alecrim-pimenta (Lippia sidoides, aroeira (Myracrodruon urundeuva, barbatimão (Stryphnodendron adstringens, erva baleeira (Cordia verbenacea e do farelo da casca do fruto do pequi (Caryocar brasiliense e a atividade antimicrobiana de diferentes concentrações desses EAPs contra Staphylococcus aureus e Escherichia coli. Após coleta e identificação, as folhas das plantas e cascas do pequi foram usadas para preparação dos EAPs e submetidas a rastreamento fitoquímico. A atividade antimicrobiana dos EAPs em diferentes diluições (200, 300, 400 e 500mg mL-1 foi testada pela técnica de difusão em ágar. O rastreamento fitoquímico detectou componentes com potencial antimicrobiano em todos os EAPs. Nos testes de difusão em ágar, os extratos de aroeira (≥200mg mL-1, barbatimão (≥300mg mL-1 e erva-baleeira (≥400mg mL-1 inibiram o crescimento de S. aureus, mas não de E. coli. Os EAPs não mostraram atividade sobre E.coli, todavia as folhas de aroeira, barbatimão e erva-baleeira evidenciaram potencial para inibir o crescimento de S. aureus. O uso das folhas e cascas dessas espécies vegetais pode constituir-se numa alternativa sustentável, viável e acessível para tratamento antimicrobiano.This study evaluated the phytochemical profile of standardized hydroalcoholic extracts (EAPs obtained from leafs of rosemary (Lippia sidoides, peppertree (Myracrodruon urundeuva, barbatimão (Stryphnodendron adstringens, erva baleeira (Cordia verbenacea and from the meal of pequi fruit peel (Caryocar brasiliense and the activity of different levels of these EAPs against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. After collection and identification of the species, plant leaves and pequi peel were separated to prepare the EAPs. The EAPs underwent phytochemical screening. The antimicrobial activity of the EAPs at different dilutions (200, 300

Availability and use of woody plants in a agrarian reform settlement in the cerrado of the state of Goiás, Brazil

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Vanessa Pessanha Tunholi

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Protected areas are important sources providing plant resources for human populations, and contributing to the livelihood and income of families. To test the ecological apparency hypothesis, that there is positive relationship between the visibility of a species and its use, we conducted an ethnobotanical survey in the protected area of the Itaúna rural settlement in the municipality of Planaltina, in the state of Goiás, in central Brazil. The phytosociological parameters were obtained in 5.6 ha area of the Brazilian cerrado (savanna, and the ethnobotanical survey conducted with semi-structured interviews with 75 people. There was a weak positive correlation between the use value and the phytosociological parameters. A principal component analysis showed that seven species (Pterodon pubescens, Hancornia speciosa, Hymenaea stigonocarpa, Eugenia dysenterica, Annona crassiflora, Stryphnodendron adstringens and Solanum lycocarpum have high use value, despite having low density, dominance and frequency. Nineteen species showed a positive relationship between their use value and their phytosociological parameters. The relationship between vegetation structure and use value differed among species in the protected area, indicating that more attention should be paid to those under more pressure, with low abundance. Further studies of these seven species should be conducted to determine whether human pressure is affecting populations structures and to define management strategies.

Pollen grain morphology of Fabaceae in the Special Protection Area (SPA) Pau-de-Fruta, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Science.gov (United States)

Luz, Cynthia F P da; Maki, Erica S; Horák-Terra, Ingrid; Vidal-Torrado, Pablo; Mendonça Filho, Carlos Victor

2013-01-01

The presented paper considered the pollen morphology of thirteen species belonging to seven genera of the Fabaceae family occurring in the Pau-de-Fruta Special Protection Area (SPA), Diamantina, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The pollen grains of six species of Chamaecrista [C. cathartica (Mart.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, C. debilis Vogel, C. flexuosa (L.) Greene, C. hedysaroides (Vogel) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, C. glandulosa (L.) Greene, and C. papillata H.S. Irwin & Barneby] have a similar morphology, characterized by three long colporated apertures with a central constriction. The species share specific morphological features regarding pollen size, endoaperture type (circular, lalongate or lolongate) and SEM ornamentation patterns of the exine (rugulate with perforations or perforate). Andira fraxinifolia Benth., Dalbergia miscolobium Benth, Galactia martii DC, Periandra mediterranea (Vell.) Taub., Senna rugosa (G.Don) H.S. Irwin & Barneby and Zornia diphylla (L.) Pers showed different pollen types in small to large size; oblate spheroidal to prolate form; colpus or colporus apertures; circular, lalongate or lolongate endoapertures and distinctive SEM ornamentation patterns of the exine (perforate, microreticulate, reticulate or rugulate with perforations). Only Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville presents polyads. The pollen morphology variation of these species allowed the Fabaceae family to be characterized as eurypalynous in the SPA Pau-de-Fruta.

Analysis of the Variability of Therapeutic Indications of Medicinal Species in the Northeast of Brazil: Comparative Study

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Julimery Gonçalves Ferreira Macedo

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Ethnopharmacological Relevance. This study aims to evaluate the versatility of these species and their agreement of use and/or the informants’ knowledge and verify the variability of the information on the indicated medicinal species in comparison to other species from northeastern Brazilian areas. Materials and Methods. Ethnobotanical information was acquired through interviews with 23 residents of the Quincuncá community, northeastern Brazil. From the obtained data, a comparative analysis of the therapeutic indications with other 40 areas in different biomes was conducted. For that, the relative importance index and informant consensus factor were calculated and compared to other indices evaluated in the literature. Results. A total of 39 medicinal species were cited and twenty-six species showed similarities among their therapeutic indications; however, species as Geoffroea spinosa, Lantana camara, and others can be highlighted, present in community disease indications that were not verified for other areas. Myracrodruon urundeuva, Mimosa tenuiflora, Stryphnodendron rotundifolium, and Amburana cearensis had the greatest versatility. In the Quincuncá community, medicinal species were indicated for 49 diseases, which were grouped into 15 categories of body systems. Conclusion. This study shows the presented divergence in relation to their therapeutic use; in this point, these divergences reinforce the importance of pharmacological research.

Phytosociology in agroforestry systems of different ages in the town of Medicilândia, Pará, Brazil = Fitossociologia em sistemas agroflorestais com diferentes idades de implantação no município de Medicilândia, PA

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Fábio Miranda Leão

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Agroforestry systems are emerging as an alternative to the degradation of natural resources, since they allow for harmony between agriculture and forest species, guaranteeing environmental sustainability. The aim of this work was to evaluate floristic composition and compare the structure of three agroforestry systems of 20, 30 and 40 years of age, in the town of Medicilândia, in the State of Pará. For the floristic and structural analysis, a forest census was carried out of the three agroforestry systems, recording all tree individuals with a diameter at breast height >10 cm. In analysing the horizontal structure, the absolute and relative phytosociological parameters of density and dominance were considered. The absolute and relative parameters of sociological position and natural regeneration were calculated when analysing the vertical structural of the systems. For the analysis of the Expanded Importance Value Index (IVIA, all the relative vertical and horizontal parameters were added together. The agroforestry systems displayed an inverted-J diametric distribution. As they are key species when planting forests, Swietenia macrophylla and Tabebuia impetignosa were the most important in each agroforestry system. Natural regeneration favoured the establishment of species with commercial value that were not part of the initial arrangement of the AFSs, such as Bagassa Guianenses, Tabebuia serratifolia, Schizolobium amazonicum and Dipteryx odorata, demonstrating the economic and ecological sustainability of these systems. = Os sistemas agroflorestais surgem como alternativa à degradação dos recursos naturais, pois possibilitam a harmonia entre agricultura e espécies florestais, garantindo a sustentabilidade ambiental. Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar a composição florística e comparar a estrutura de três sistemas agroflorestais com idades de 20, 30 e 40 anos no Município de Medicilândia, PA. Para análise florística e

Evaluación espacial y temporal de la vegetación de la Sierra Madrigal, Tabasco, México (1973-2003

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Erika del Carmen Salazar Conde

2012-02-01

Full Text Available Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar los cambios espaciales de la vegetación en la Sierra Madrigal; estado de Tabasco, en un área de 3 642 ha, en el período 1973-2003. Con base en la fotointerpretación de fotografías aéreas y verificación de campo, se elaboró la cartografía de vegetación y usos del suelo de los años 1973, 1984 y 2003 a escala 1:20 000. Se caracterizó la vegetación y los usos del suelo, se obtuvieron los índices de cambio de uso del suelo, y se compararon algunas propiedades del suelo con base en los tipos de la vegetación. La selva alta perennifolia de ramón (Brosimum alicastrum y huapaque (Dialium guianense tuvo una pérdida del 80% de su superficie en 30 años; las principales causas de esta pérdida fueron los incendios forestales que condujeron a la formación de vegetación secundaria (56% y la ampliación de los pastizales (10% para la ganadería de bovinos. La eliminación de la selva provocó, asimismo, disminución de los contenidos de materia orgánica y nitrógeno, lo que indica degradación de suelos en la capa de 0 a 30 cm de profundidad.

ORGANIC MATTER AND AGGREGATION OF A PLANOSOL UNDER DIFFERENT FOREST COVERINGS

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Julia Kishida Bochner

2008-03-01

Full Text Available The litter quality can alter soil aggregation, modifying the transformation dynamics and allocation of soil carbon (Cin different compartments. This study evaluated the aggregate stability and its relation with litter chemical characteristics, organiccarbon and free light fraction (FLL from the organic matter under three different types of vegetation covering: secondary forest (FSand plantings of Mimosa Caesalpiniaefolia (PM and Carapa guianenses (PA with subsequently natural regeneration. Litter sampleswere characterized using polyfenols, lignin, suberine, tannin and holocelulose content and C/N relationship. Soil samples werecollected in two depths (0-10 and 10-20 cm and soil aggregation were estimate using mean weight diameter (DMP, mean geometricdiameter (DMG and index of aggregate stability (IEA analysis . Soil samples in the same depths were also characterized using C andFLL content. The highest suberine and polyfenols content of the litter found in the areas FS and PM reduced the speed of residuesdecomposition in the soil causing larger FLL content in both coverings. Those compositions contributed to the stabilization of C in themineral phase, because the highest C content was found in those areas. This fact is confirmed by the values of DMP, DMG and IEAamong the areas. They are higher in the coverings, PM and FS. It can be concluded that the polyfenols and suberine content weredecisive in the subdivision of C and in the aggregation of the soil in the areas of FS and PM.

In vitro acaricidal efficacy of plant extracts from Brazilian flora and isolated substances against Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae).

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Valente, Paula Pimentel; Amorim, Juliana Mendes; Castilho, Rachel Oliveira; Leite, Romário Cerqueira; Ribeiro, Múcio Flávio Barbosa

2014-01-01

The tick Rhipicephalus microplus causes significant losses in livestock cattle and has developed increasing resistance to the primary acaricides that are used to treat these infections. The objective of this study was to identify new biomolecules or isolated substances showing acaricidal activity from plants. Larval packet tests were conducted to evaluate the effects of 11 species of plants and three isolated substances (betulinic acid, eugenol, and nerolidol) on R. microplus. An adult female immersion test was performed with the substance that showed the highest larvicidal activity, which was evaluated for inhibition of reproduction. Tests using Licania tomentosa, Hymenaea stigonocarpa, Hymenaea courbaril, Stryphnodendron obovatum, Jacaranda cuspidifolia, Jacaranda ulei, Struthanthus polyrhizus, Chrysobalanus icaco, Vernonia phosphorea, Duguetia furfuracea, and Simarouba versicolor extracts as well as the isolated substance betulinic acid indicated lower acaricidal effects on R. microplus larvae. The extract displaying the best larvicidal activity was the ethanolic extract from L. tomentosa at a concentration of 60%, resulting in a mortality rate of 40.3%. However, nerolidol and eugenol showed larvicidal activity, which was highest for eugenol. Nerolidol caused a 96.5% mortality rate in the R. microplus larvae at a high concentration of 30%, and eugenol caused 100% mortality at a concentration of 0.3%. In the adult immersion test, 5% eugenol was identified as a good biomolecule for controlling R. microplus, as demonstrated by its high acaricidal activity and inhibition of oviposition.

Novas dinâmicas dos Direitos Humanos como resultado da cooperação franco-brasileira (Amapá - Guiana Francesa, a partir da ótica da Ponte Binacional

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Aldeci Silva Dias

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE Este trabalho tem por objetivo refletir sobre as novas dinâmicas dos Direitos Humanos que se intensificam a partir da criação da ponte binacional entre os governos do Brasil e França. Essa dinâmica pressupõe que o direito da dignidade da pessoa e humana e seus desdobramentos possam ser evocados através do Direito Internacional Público. Argumenta que a criação da ponte se revela como um dos instrumentos de estreitamento entre esses governos, e assim possibilitando o surgimento de acordos no sentido de enunciar tratamento mais humano entre brasileiros e guianenses. A abordagem do estudo foi fundamentada na pesquisa qualitativa em que se buscou a compreensão interpretativa das coisas, com amparo nas legislações e em artigos científicos.. O método de abordagem do tema, considerando as diferentes formas de discutir e analisar o objeto, foi possível a partir do método hipotético dedutivo. Conclui que a nova dinâmica dos Direitos Humanos, na faixa de fronteira, se estabelece a partir de uma nova configuração e da compreensão do Direito Público Internacional, onde o tratamento dispensado entre os seus nacionais deve estar nivelado a partir da adoção de medidas que visem, antes de qualquer coisa, a preservação da dignidade pessoa humana.

USE OF THE DE LIOCOURT QUOTIENT IN THE EVALUATION OF THE DIAMETRIC DISTRIBUTION IN FRAGMENTS OF OMBROPHYLOUS FOREST, PERNAMBUCO STATE-BRAZIL

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Francisco Tarcísio Alves Junior

2010-08-01

Full Text Available Great part of the biodiversity of the ecosystem of tropical forests is being lost even before we have full knowledge of its natural wealth, making it important perform studies that can provide knowledge and the maintenance of its structure, besides making possible the exploration of its products, goods and/or services in a planned and rational form, guaranteeing the continuous flow of these resources. The general objective of this study was to use the De Liocourt quotient in the evaluation of the diametric distribution in fragments of Ombrophylous Forest located in the city of Catende, Pernambuco state - Brazil, having as specific objectives: to describe the diametric structure of the fragments and the species of greater importance using the Value of Importance Index (VI; and to evaluate the degradation and the state of succession of the studied areas. The diametric distribution revealed uneven-aged forests as the diametric curve of distribution resembled a reverse J-shape. The values of basal area in the fragments were of 23.6 and 20.9 m2.ha-1, for Mata das Caldeiras and Mata das Galinhas. The fragments were, on average, in the secondary period of succession. Some species presented difficulties in the rate of recruitment, which could lead to the extinguishing of some species in the future. Species, such as Tapirira guianensis Aubl., Dialium guianense (Aubl. Sandwith and Brosimum discolor Schott, demonstrated a distinct diametric structure among the fragments. The species Plathymenia foliolosa Benth. presented accented discontinuities in the diametric structure in both areas.

Seed source, seed traits, and frugivore habits: Implications for dispersal quality of two sympatric primates.

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Benítez-Malvido, Julieta; González-Di Pierro, Ana Ma; Lombera, Rafael; Guillén, Susana; Estrada, Alejandro

2014-06-01

• Premise of the study: Frugivore selection of fruits and treatment of seeds together with seed deposition site are crucial for the population dynamics of vertebrate-dispersed plants. However, frugivore species may influence dispersal quality differently even when feeding on the same fruit species and, while animals disperse some seeds, others simply fall beneath the parent plant.• Methods: In southern Mexico, we investigated to see if within-species seed traits (i.e., length, width, weight, and volume) and germination success differed according to seed source. For five tropical tree species we obtained ingested seeds from two sources, howler monkey (Alouatta pigra) and spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi) feces; and noningested seeds from two sources, the ground and tree crowns (with predispersed seeds used as control).• Key results: A principal components' analysis showed that traits of seeds ingested by howler monkeys differed from other sources while seeds ingested by spider monkeys were similar to noningested seeds. Howlers consumed on average the larger seeds in Ampelocera hottlei, Brosimum lactescens, and Dialium guianense. Both primate species consumed the smaller seeds in Spondias mombin, while no seed trait differences among seed sources were found in Spondias radlkoferi. For all five tree species, germination rate was greatest for seeds ingested by howler monkeys.• Conclusions: For the studied plant species, seed ingestion by howler monkeys confers higher dispersal quality than ingestion by spider monkeys or nondispersal. Dispersal services of both primate species, however, are not redundant and may contribute to germination heterogeneity within plant populations in tropical forests. © 2014 Botanical Society of America, Inc.

UTILIZAÇÃO DO QUOCIENTE DE DE LIOCOURT NA AVALIAÇÃO DA DISTRIBUIÇÃO DIAMÉTRICA EM FRAGMENTOS DE FLORESTA OMBRÓFILA ABERTA EM PERNAMBUCO

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Francisco Tarcísio Alves Junior

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Great part of the biodiversity of the ecosystem of tropical forests is being lost even before we have full knowledge of its natural wealth, making it important perform studies that can provide knowledge and the maintenance of its structure, besides making possible the exploration of its products, goods and/or services in a planned and rational form, guaranteeing the continuous flow of these resources. The general objective of this study was to use the De Liocourt quotient in the evaluation of the diametric distribution in fragments of Ombrophylous Forest located in the city of Catende, Pernambuco state - Brazil, having as specific objectives: to describe the diametric structure of the fragments and the species of greater importance using the Value of Importance Index (VI; and to evaluate the degradation and the state of succession of the studied areas. The diametric distribution revealed uneven-aged forests as the diametric curve of distribution resembled a reverse J-shape. The values of basal area in the fragments were of 23.6 and 20.9 m2.ha-1, for Mata das Caldeiras and Mata das Galinhas. The fragments were, on average, in the secondary period of succession. Some species presented difficulties in the rate of recruitment, which could lead to the extinguishing of some species in the future. Species, such as Tapirira guianensis Aubl., Dialium guianense (Aubl. Sandwith and Brosimum discolor Schott, demonstrated a distinct diametric structure among the fragments. The species Plathymenia foliolosa Benth. presented accented discontinuities in the diametric structure in both areas.

Recursos medicinais de espécies do Cerrado de Mato Grosso: um estudo bibliográfico

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Guarim Neto Germano

2003-01-01

Full Text Available A flora do Cerrado é de enorme riqueza, mas somente 1,5% de sua extensão é protegida por lei. Em vista disto, é preciso valorizar os recursos que ela oferece e que estão sob forte pressão de extinção, como as espécies medicinais. Assim, o presente estudo faz uma revisão bibliográfica aprofundada de trabalhos que indiquem as informações das espécies medicinais do cerrado mato-grossense, com intuito de se estabelecer uma base de dados regionais e, conseqüentemente, iniciar uma discussão em nível nacional. A revisão da flora medicinal constatou o total de 509 espécies, distribuídas em 297 gêneros e 96 famílias. As famílias com maior número de espécies foram Asteraceae e Fabaceae (7% das espécies e os gêneros foram Hyptis e Tabebuia (oito espécies. As espécies com maior número de citações bibliográficas foram Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart. Coville e Anemopaegma arvense (Vell. Stelf. O predomínio foi de espécies arbóreas (31%. Os valores relatados superaram, em muito, estimativas anteriores e, em vista das áreas que ainda não foram cobertas por pesquisas mato-grossenses, acredita-se que o presente resultado poderá ser significativamente ampliado no futuro.

Composição centesimal e mineral de plantas medicinais comercializadas no mercado do Porto de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brasil

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F.G.G. PEDRO

2016-01-01

Full Text Available RESUMO O presente trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a composição centesimal (cinzas, umidade, proteínas, lipídeos e carboidratos totais e mineral (Na, K, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn e Zn das plantas medicinais Barbatimão (Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart. Coville, Carqueja (Baccharis trimera (Less D.C., Mangava-Brava (Lafoensia pacari A. St.-Hil., e Quebra Pedra (Phyllanthus niruri L. comercializadas no mercado do Porto de Cuiabá, MT. As amostras foram identificadas botanicamente por meio da exsicata feita no Instituto de Botânica da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Campus Cuiabá. A composição centesimal foi determinada de acordo com as recomendações da Association of Official Analytical Chemists e a concentração dos minerais foi quantificada por Espectrometria de Absorção Atômica em Chama. Os resultados obtidos foram: umidade (7,72% a 12,10%; cinzas (1,64% a 8,44%; proteínas (2,36% a 9,35%; lipídeos (0,41% a 2,05%; carboidratos totais (72,09% a 82,37% e, foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre as amostras (p K>Zn>Cu>Mg>Mn>Ca>Fe. Os valores obtidos em 200 mL das infusões quando comparados aos índices diários recomendados para minerais sugerem que os chás avaliados podem ser fonte de minerais, principalmente de K e Mn.

Plantas medicinais comercializadas no Mercado Municipal de Campo Grande-MS

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Mirella Ustulin

Full Text Available O objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar um levantamento etnofarmacológico das principais espécies vegetais comercializadas no Mercado Municipal de Campo Grande (MS. O estudo foi realizado entre agosto de 2002 e agosto de 2003, através de entrevistas com os raizeiros. Cerca de 117 espécies foram citadas. Foram selecionadas as plantas dos biomas Cerrado e Pantanal e dessas 34 espécies foram adquiridas. Das plantas adquiridas 22 foram identificadas botanicamente, pois o material das outras foi deficiente para determinação até espécie. Das plantas identifificadas, somente dez são típicas do cerrado, podendo-se citar a Curatella americana, Guazuma ulmifolia, Maclura tinctoria e Stryphnodendron obovatum. A família com o maior número de citação foi Asteraceae, seguida de Moraceae, Sterculiaceae e Leguminosae. A parte das plantas mais utilizada é a folha, preparada principalmente como infusão. A indicação terapêutica mais citada foi como cicatrizante, no tratamento de feridas e dores reumáticas. Grande parte das espécies têm indicação de utilização popular para várias patologias e a maioria das espécies (65,2% não teve qualquer estudo farmacológico que confirmasse a indicação popular. Somente oito espécies (34,8% tiveram alguma atividade confirmada na literatura.

Dietary Supplementation of Barbatimão (Stryphnodendron Adstringens and Pacari (Lafoensia Pacari Extracts on the Oxidative Stability and Quality of Chicken Meat

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CB Lima

Full Text Available ABSTRACT In order to evaluate the antioxidant effects of barbatimão (BAR or pacari (PAC on chicken meat oxidative stability and quality, seven dietary treatments containing in three different BAR and PAC concentrations (200, 400 and 600ppm plus a negative control (CONT were fed to 350 broilers from 1 to 41 days of age. Ten birds per treatment were slaughtered to collect breast and thigh meat to evaluate pH, color (L*, a*, b*, cooking weight loss (CWL, and shear force (SF 24 hours postmortem, and TBARS levels in precooked meatballs stored chilled for 8days. The dietary supplementation with BAR and PAC extracts did not affect pH and color, but reduced (p<0.05 SF in breast meat compared with CONT suggesting improved tenderness. PAC200 increased (p<0.05 L* and protected (p<0.05 yellow pigments (b* values of thigh meat from degradation compared with the CONT diet. At the end of the chilled storage period, BAR600 and PAC600 significantly reduced (p<0.06 MDA concentrations in breast meatballs compared to the CONT. The dietary supplementation of BAR and PAC improved (p<0.03 oxidative stability of thigh meatballs, except for BAR200. In conclusion, the dietary addition of BAR and PAC extracts may improve meat quality and prevent lipid oxidation in white and dark precooked and chilled chicken meatballs.

Avaliação antimicrobiana de extratos vegetais e possível interação farmacológica in vitro

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Sarah Carobini Werner de Souza Eller

2015-09-01

Full Text Available A atividade biológica de plantas medicinais tem sido o alvo de intensa investigação científica, constituindo uma importante fonte de novos produtos biologicamente ativos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana interativa, in vitro, de seis extratos vegetais, sendo eles: cajueiro (Anacardium occidentale L., barbatimão (Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart. Coville, aroeira (Myracrodruon urundeuva, favela [Cnidoscolus phyllacanthus (Müll. Arg. Pax & Hoffm L.], fedegoso (Heliotropium indicum L. e quixaba [Sideroxylon obtusifolium (Humb. ex Roem. & Schult. TD Penn.], através do método de difusão em disco, frente às cepas padrão American Type Culture Collection (ATCC: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 e Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. Os resultados revelaram que dentre os extratos testados 50% deles apresentaram atividade frente à cepa de S. aureus ATCC 25923. Os extratos ativos foram cajueiro, barbatimão e aroeira. Os demais extratos não apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana frente às cepas em estudo. Quando se avaliou a ação interativa entre os extratos ativos, observou-se interferência antagônica, constatada pela redução dos diâmetros dos halo de inibição de crescimento bacteriano nas associações com os extratos de cajueiro/barbatimão, cajueiro/aroeira e barbatimão/aroeira. De modo que, o uso concomitante extratos vegetais merece um olhar muito cuidadoso pela possibilidade de ocorrer interferências entre eles, reduzindo a potência da atividade antimicrobiana, em relação a sua potência quando utilizados isoladamente.Palavras-chave: Plantas medicinais. Atividade antimicrobiana. Extratos vegetais. Interação. ABSTRACTInteractive study of the antimicrobial activity of plant extractsThe biological activity of medicinal plants has been the subject of intensive scientific research and is an important source of new biologically active products. The aim of this

Estudio de la flora y la vegetaciòn del bosque en la estaciòn de primates Coloso-Sucre

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Ruben Dario Patiño Uribe

2003-01-01

Full Text Available El estudio se realizó en Coloso, Sucre, en la planicie del litoral Caribe, se efectuaron muestreos enla zona del arroyo el “Sereno” de la estación de primates. Se realizaron 14 levantamientos,utilizando el método de parcela y subparcelas, de 50 x 10 m2. Se censaron indivuidos con DAP =10 cm. La vegetación del sector “arroyo Sereno” fitosociológicamente se agrupa en la alianzaPoulsenio armatae- Anacardion excelsi, entre cuyas especies características también figuran: Achrasexcelsi, Brownea ariza, Brosimun guianense, Samanea saman, Pachira acuatica, Erythroxylumamazonicum y Aspidosperma spegazzinii. Comprende las asociaciones Ocoteo glomeratae- Spondietum mombinis entrecuyas especies características figuran: Ficus gigantea, Ocotea glomerata, Platymiscium pinnatumy Xylopiagrandifloray Astronio graveolentis- Guazumetum ulmifoliaecon Pseudobombax septenatum, Trichiliaacuminatay Stemmadenia grandiflora. Las especies con mayores valores de IVI (Índice de valor de im-portancia e IPF (Índice de predominio fisiónomico son Anacardium excelsum, Pulsenia armata,Spondias mombin, Ocotea glomerata, Astronium graveolensy Guazuma ulmifolia.En los censos se encon-traron 38 familias y 80 especies entre las cuales se destacan por número de género y especies Leguminosae, Bombacaceae, Anacardiaceae, Annonaceae, Apocynaceae, Bignoniaceae. Entre los génerosmás diversificados figuran Xylopia(Anonaceae, Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae y Bombax, Cavanillesia,Ciebas, Pseudobombax (Bombacaceae. En general los tipos de vegetación que se encontrarontambién se distribuyen en localidades de la región tropical de los valles del Magdalena y del Caucaconstituyendo una formación vegetal definida por el dominio de especies como Guazuma ulmifolia,Astronium graveolens, Spondias mombin, Anacardium occidentalisy especies de Tabebuia.

New trends in dentistry: plant extracts against Enterococcus faecalis. The efficacy compared to chlorhexidine

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Adriana Lígia de Castilho

2013-04-01

Full Text Available Enterococcus faecalis is an important pathogen associated with endodontic diseases, and its elimination and control are of paramount importance, as it represents one of the major causes of failure in the treatment of endodontic disease. Twenty-five plant extracts obtained from Brazilian forests were found to be effective against planktonic E. faecalis and were subjected to two traditional antibacterial assays, the microdilution broth assay (MDBA and the disk diffusion assay (DDA, using chlorhexidine (CHX as a control. Seven out of 25 extracts showed significant antibacterial activity and were tested in a biofilm assay, and three of these extracts were subjected to chemical fractionation. Residues were tested for their antibacterial activity, and the first chemical findings were described based on thin layer chromatography (TLC. Extracts obtained from Ipomoea alba, Symphonia globulifera and Moronobea coccinea showed significant bactericidal activity in the MDBA. The same I. alba and S. globulifera extracts, as well as the extract obtained from Connarus ruber var. ruber, showed significant activity in the DDA. RH2O obtained from Psidium densicomum and Stryphnodendron pulcherrimum showed better antibacterial activity compared to the respective crude extracts and CHX. TLC analysis showed that phenolic compounds and triterpenes represent the first findings of chemical groups that may occur in all species. The results of the present study include the discovery of six active extracts against planktonic E. faecalis and support further testing via assays involving biofilm formation, as well as the determination of the compounds' chemical profiles, as their activity was significantly better than that observed for CHX.

Contrasting the microbiomes from forest rhizosphere and deeper bulk soil from an Amazon rainforest reserve.

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Fonseca, Jose Pedro; Hoffmann, Luisa; Cabral, Bianca Catarina Azeredo; Dias, Victor Hugo Giordano; Miranda, Marcio Rodrigues; de Azevedo Martins, Allan Cezar; Boschiero, Clarissa; Bastos, Wanderley Rodrigues; Silva, Rosane

2018-02-05

Pristine forest ecosystems provide a unique perspective for the study of plant-associated microbiota since they host a great microbial diversity. Although the Amazon forest is one of the hotspots of biodiversity around the world, few metagenomic studies described its microbial community diversity thus far. Understanding the environmental factors that can cause shifts in microbial profiles is key to improving soil health and biogeochemical cycles. Here we report a taxonomic and functional characterization of the microbiome from the rhizosphere of Brosimum guianense (Snakewood), a native tree, and bulk soil samples from a pristine Brazilian Amazon forest reserve (Cuniã), for the first time by the shotgun approach. We identified several fungi and bacteria taxon significantly enriched in forest rhizosphere compared to bulk soil samples. For archaea, the trend was the opposite, with many archaeal phylum and families being considerably more enriched in bulk soil compared to forest rhizosphere. Several fungal and bacterial decomposers like Postia placenta and Catenulispora acidiphila which help maintain healthy forest ecosystems were found enriched in our samples. Other bacterial species involved in nitrogen (Nitrobacter hamburgensis and Rhodopseudomonas palustris) and carbon cycling (Oligotropha carboxidovorans) were overrepresented in our samples indicating the importance of these metabolic pathways for the Amazon rainforest reserve soil health. Hierarchical clustering based on taxonomic similar microbial profiles grouped the forest rhizosphere samples in a distinct clade separated from bulk soil samples. Principal coordinate analysis of our samples with publicly available metagenomes from the Amazon region showed grouping into specific rhizosphere and bulk soil clusters, further indicating distinct microbial community profiles. In this work, we reported significant shifts in microbial community structure between forest rhizosphere and bulk soil samples from an Amazon

Estudo da regeneração natural de espécies arbóreas em fragmento de Floresta Ombrófila Densa, Mata das Galinhas, no município de Catende, zona da mata sul de Pernambuco

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Wegliane Campelo da Silva

2007-01-01

Full Text Available The study was developed in the fragment situated in the Catende is – PE city (Mata das Galinhas – 8º69’06”S e 35º69’08” W, in mesoregion of the pernambucana forest, more necessarily in the humid forest is microregion, at 142 km of the capital. The area is vegetacion is Humid Forest. The relief varies wavy to very wavy, with 199 m altitude. The soil is classified as red latisols dystrophic and red nitosols associated to latisols. The present work aims to study and evaluated the total natural regeneration of arboreal species in the forest fragment and to verify the diversity and structure of the species in the same one. For estimate the natural regeneration, were made systematically 16 subunits (samples with 5 x 5 m. These subunits were inserted in the middle samples (10 x 25 m before used to evaluate the community arboreal phytossociology, with 50 meters between the ones. The regeneration study (CAP 3 m. Besides, the samply sufficient and diversity were calculated. In fragment was observed 31 botanical families and 60 arboreal species inside 194 individuals. 42 had been identified in level of species, 4 in sort level, 2 in family level and 2 are not identify. Ten species obtained bigest values for total natural regeneration of the samples population (RNT and contribute with 53,78% of the total percentage, how is descript following way: Brosimum discolor Schott (9,98%, Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl. Marchand (9,19%, Eschweilera ovata (Cambess. Miers (8,01%, Thyrsodium spruceanum Benth. (7,0%, Dialium guianense (Aubl. Sandwith (5,44%, Erythroxylum squamatum Sw. (3,32%, Cupania revoluta Rolfe (3,16%, Sorocea hilarii Gaudich.

DESEMPENHO DE PAINÉIS OSB COM ADESIVOS COMERCIAIS E TÂNICO DEBARBATIMÃO1

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Amelia Guimarães Carvalho

2015-12-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as propriedades físicas e mecânicas de painéis OSB produzidos com adesivos comerciais e tânico deStryphnodendron adstringens (Mart. Coville. Os adesivos comerciais ureia formaldeído (UF, fenol formaldeído (FF e os taninos daAcacia mearnsi foram obtidos por doação por respectivas empresas produtoras, enquanto que o tanino de barbatimão foi obtido em laboratório. Todos adesivos tiveram as propriedades dos adesivos determinadas. Foram produzidos painéis OSB com os adesivos ureia-formaldeído, fenol-formaldeído, tanino-formaldeído a partir da acácia e do barbatimão. Os painéis foram produzidos com partículas do tipo strand, geradas a partir da madeira de pinus, com teor de adesivo de 8% a uma pressão de 40 kgf.cm-2, um tempo e temperatura de prensagem de 8 min e 160°C, respectivamente. Em todas as propriedades avaliadas, o desempenho dos painéis produzidos com adesivo tânico de barbatimão foi melhor quando comparado com o dos painéis produzidos com o adesivo tânico de acácia. Os painéis produzidos com os adesivos UF, FF e tânico de barbatimão atenderam a todos os prerrequisitos estipulados pela norma de comercialização. Tal fato demonstra grande potencial de utilização dos taninos de barbatimão para produção de painéis OSB.

Plantas tóxicas para ruminantes e eqüídeos no Norte Piauiense Toxic plants for ruminants and equidae in Northern Piauí

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Gustavo W.S. Mello

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho teve por objetivo realizar um levantamento sobre as plantas tóxicas para ruminantes e equídeos na Mesorregião Norte do Piauí. Foram feitas 71 entrevistas a médicos veterinários, engenheiros agrônomos, técnicos agrícolas e produtores de 16 municípios, entrevistando pelo menos quatro pessoas por município. As plantas comprovadamente tóxicas que foram apontadas com maior frequência na região estudada foram Ipomoea asarifolia, que causa intoxicações em pequenos ruminantes em todas as áreas visitadas. Stryphnodendron coriaceum pelas mortes que ocasiona é, aparentemente, a planta que causa maiores perdas econômicas na mesorregião estudada. Enterolobium contortisiliquum também foi citada como causa importante de sinais digestivos, abortamentos e fotossensibilização em bovinos da região. Os entrevistados confirmaram a ocorrência de surtos de intoxicação em bovinos por Thiloa glaucocarpa no inicio do período chuvoso. Manihot spp. e Piptadenia macrocarpa são plantas cianogênicas apontadas como causa de mortes superagudas em bovinos. Outras plantas relatadas como tóxicas pelos entrevistados, mas sem que haja comprovação de sua toxicidade, foram Buchenavia tomentosa, Caesalpinia sp., Brunfelsia sp., Luetzelburgia sp., Hybantus ipecaconha, Phisalys angulata e Spondias luta. De acordo com os entrevistados os frutos de Buchenavia tomentosa causam sinais digestivos e abortos em caprinos, ovinos e bovinos. Produtores relatam surtos de intoxicação em caprinos que apresentam sinais digestivos e morte após a ingestão de favas de Luetzelburgia sp. Brunfelsia sp. é relatada como causa de alterações nervosas, no começo das chuvas, quando os animais ingerem as folhas e flores e os asininos são aparentemente mais afetados. Os frutos de Spondias luta foram mencionados como causa de diarréia em caprinos. Experimentos não publicados demonstraram a toxicidade de Brunfelsia sp. em ovinos e de Luetzelburgia sp. como

Inorganic profile of some Brazilian medicinal plants obtained from ethanolic extract and ''in natura'' samples

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Ferreira, M.O.M.; de Sousa, P.T.; Salvador, V.L.R.; Sato, I.M.

2004-10-03

The Anadenathera macrocarpa, Schinus molle, Hymenaea courbaril, Cariniana legalis, Solidago microglossa and Stryphnodendron barbatiman, were collected ''in natura'' samples (leaves, flowers, barks and seeds) from different commercial suppliers. The pharmaco-active compounds in ethanolic extracts had been made by the Mato Grosso Federal University (UFMT). The energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) spectrometry was used for the elemental analysis in different parts of the plants and respective ethanolic extracts. The Ca, Cl, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Rb, S, Sr and Zn concentrations were determined by the fundamental parameters method. Some specimens showed a similar inorganic profile for ''in natura'' and ethanolic extract samples and some ones showed a distinct inorganic profile. For example, the Anadenathera macrocarpa showed a similar concentration in Mg, P, Cu, Zn and Rb elements in ''in natura'' and ethanolic extract samples; however very different concentration in Na, S, Cl, K , Ca, Mn, Fe and Sr was observed in distinctive samples. The Solidago microglossa showed the K, Ca, Cl, S, Mg, P and Fe elements as major constituents in both samples, suggesting that the extraction process did not affect in a considerable way the ''in natura'' inorganic composition. The elemental composition of the different parts of the plants (leaves, flowers, barks and seeds) has been also determined. For example, the Schinus molle specimen showed P, K, Cl and Ca elements as major constituents in the seeds, Mg, K and Sr in the barks and Mg, S, Cl and Mn in the leaves, demonstrating a differentiated elementary distribution. These inorganic profiles will contribute to evaluate the quality control of the Brazilian herbaceous trade and also will assist to identify which parts of the medicinal plants has greater therapeutic effect.

Avaliação do fator de proteção solar em fotoprotetores acrescidos com extratos da flora brasileira ricos em substâncias fenólicas

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Vanessa Marquito Munhoz

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Sabe-se que o número de casos de câncer de pele tem crescido muito nos últimos anos. Com isso, novos produtos são constantemente desenvolvidos no intuito de aumentar a gama de substâncias para proteção solar. O principal objetivo desse trabalho foi a análise in vitro da propriedade fotoprotetora de uma formulação contendo filtros solares químicos, adicionada de extratos brutos de Guazuma ulmifolia, Maytenus ilicifolia, Stryphnodendron adstringens e Trichilia catigua, respectivamente, e a avaliação quanto ao acréscimo do Fator de Proteção Solar (FPS. O ensaio foi conduzido pelo método espectrofotométrico in vitro do Fator de Proteção Solar (FPS. O teor de Polifenóis Totais (PT e sua correlação com a Capacidade Antioxidante (CA dos extratos avaliados foram realizados. Os resultados demonstram que as formulações foram estáveis após a adição dos extratos, quanto a características físicoquímicas (características macroscópicas, ensaio de centrifugação e pH quando comparadas ao controle. O ensaio de FPS in vitro demonstrou decaimento do FPS das formulações acrescidas de extratos vegetais ricas em compostos fenólicos, exceto para o extrato de S. adstringens. Os FPS obtidos para os extratos foram ≤2. O teor em PT foram (%: G. ulmifolia, 24,26±0,34; M. ilicifolia, 14,66±0,18; S. adstringens, 34,38±0,62 e T. catigua, 41,60±0,13. Os valores da CA (IC50 frente ao radical DPPH foram (μg/mL: vitamina C (7,52±0,12, G. ulmifolia (8,94±0,13, M. ilicifolia (38,41±0,93, S. adstringens (7,31±0,15 e T. catigua (5,48±0,04. A CA foi diretamente proporcional ao teor de PT.

Estrutura do componente arbóreo em áreas de cerrado no município de São Tomé das Letras, MG

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Renata de Melo Ferreira Lopes

2013-10-01

Full Text Available O município de São Tomé das Letras localiza-se ao sul de Minas Gerais, na bacia do rio Grande, em área de transição entre a Floresta Atlântica e o Cerrado, onde se distinguem também campos rupestres. Possui economia baseada em extrativismo mineral, agropecuária e turismo. Este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a estrutura fitossociológica de três áreas de cerrado no município. Foram amostrados 60 pontos-quadrantes por área, tomando-se medidas de altura das árvores e circunferência de tronco (≥ 10 cm à altura do solo. Foram calculados para cada ambiente: densidade de indivíduos, dominância, frequência, área basal, Valor de Importância (VI e diversidade florística (Índice de Shannon, H'. Ao todo, foram identificadas 27 famílias, 36 gêneros e 56 espécies. Eremanthus erythropappus (candeia, Asteraceae foi a espécie de maior Valor de Importância (VI encontrada nas áreas Candeias e Vale das Borboletas e Stryphnodendron adstringens (barbatimão, Fabaceae e Piptocarpha rotundifolia (coração-de-negro, Asteraceae as espécies que se destacaram em VI na área Carrapatos. A altura média variou de 2,0 ± 1,2 a 2,3 ± 1,3m. O diâmetro médio variou de 6,5 ± 4,4 a 7,3 ± 4,8 cm. A densidade média foi de 2315 indiv.ha-1 e área basal média de 13,4 m².ha-1. O índice de diversidade de Shannon (H' para espécies variou de 2,67 a 2,96 nats/ind. Foi observada baixa similaridade de espécies entre as três áreas. Considerando as pressões antrópicas que os ambientes naturais da região vêm sofrendo, os dados obtidos poderão subsidiar projetos locais de recomposição da vegetação, principalmente do componente arbóreo.

Cytotoxicity of Brazilian plant extracts against oral microorganisms of interest to dentistry.

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de Oliveira, Jonatas Rafael; de Castro, Vinicius Carlos; das Graças Figueiredo Vilela, Polyana; Camargo, Samira Esteves Afonso; Carvalho, Cláudio Antonio Talge; Jorge, Antonio Olavo Cardoso; de Oliveira, Luciane Dias

2013-08-15

With the emergence of strains resistant to conventional antibiotics, it is important to carry studies using alternative methods to control these microorganisms causing important infections, such as the use of products of plant origin that has demonstrated effective antimicrobial activity besides biocompatibility. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of plant extracts of Equisetum arvense L., Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Punica granatum L. and Stryphnodendron barbatimam Mart. against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, and Candida glabrata, and to analyze the cytotoxicity of these extracts in cultured murine macrophages (RAW 264.7). Antimicrobial activity of plant extracts was evaluated by microdilution method based on Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), M7-A6 and M27-A2 standards. The cytotoxicity of concentrations that eliminated the microorganisms was evaluated by MTT colorimetric method and by quantification of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) using ELISA. In determining the minimum microbicidal concentration, E. arvense L., P. granatum L., and S. barbatimam Mart. extracts at a concentration of 50 mg/mL and G. glabra L. extract at a concentration of 100 mg/mL, were effective against all microorganisms tested. Regarding cell viability, values were 48% for E. arvense L., 76% for P. granatum L, 86% for S. barbatimam Mart. and 79% for G. glabra L. at the same concentrations. About cytokine production after stimulation with the most effective concentrations of the extracts, there was a significant increase of IL-1β in macrophage cultures treated with S. barbatimam Mart. (3.98 pg/mL) and P. granatum L. (7.72 pg/mL) compared to control (2.20 pg/mL) and a significant decrease of TNF-α was observed in cultures treated with G. glabra L. (4.92 pg/mL), S. barbatimam Mart. (0.85 pg/mL), E. arvense L. (0.83 pg/mL), and P. granatum L. (0.00 pg

Associação micorízica em espécies arbóreas, atividade microbiana e fertilidade do solo em áreas degradadas de cerrado

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Márcia Helena Scabora

2011-06-01

Full Text Available A recuperação de áreas de obras das barragens, em especial de "áreas de empréstimos", é difícil e consiste em um processo lento, visto que toda a vegetação e a camada fértil do solo foram removidas. Intervenções nessas áreas poderiam acelerar o processo de revegetação. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a associação de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA em espécies arbóreas, atividade microbiana pela respiração basal e fertilidade em áreas degradadas de cerrado. Utilizou-se solo de duas áreas, solo de pastagem e subsolo exposto. Adubações orgânica e mineral, além da calagem, foram efetuadas nas covas, visando a um melhor crescimento inicial das mudas, assim como, 50 mL de solo de cerrado preservado como inoculante de microrganismos. Mudas de 11 espécies arbóreas foram plantadas ou seja: Anadenanthera falcata (Benth. Speg. (angico-preto, Acacia polyphylla D.C. (monjoleiro, Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart. Coville (barbatimão, Dimorphandra mollis Benth (faveiro, Hymenaea stigonocarpa Mart. ex Hayne (jatobá-de-cerrado, Dipteryx alata Vog. (baru, Machaerium acutifolium Vogel (jacarandá-do-campo, Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (aroeira-pimenteira, Magonia pubescens St. Hil. (tingui, Lafoensia pacari St. Hil. (dedaleira e Tabebuia aurea (Manso Benth. & Hook. (ipê-amarelo. Doze meses após a instalação do experimento, amostras de raízes foram coletadas na camada de 0-0,10 m para as avaliações. O subsolo, em relação ao solo de pastagem, continuou pobre em matéria orgânica e com menor atividade microbiana. As maiores porcentagens de colonização micorrízica por FMA foram observados nas espécies Acacia polyphylla D.C. (monjoleiro, Magonia pubescens St. Hil. (tingui, Hymenaea stigonocarpa Mart. ex Hayne (jatobá-de-cerrado e Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (aroeira-pimenteira. Tais espécies podem ser indicadas para projetos de revegetação em áreas degradadas de cerrado. As plantas das duas �

INFLUENCE OF EDAPHIC FACTORS IN TOTAL PHENOLS AND TANNINS YIELD OF TWO BARBATIMÃO SPECIES (Stryphnodendron sp. INFLUÊNCIA DE FATORES EDÁFICOS NA PRODUÇÃO DE FENÓIS TOTAIS E TANINOS DE DUAS ESPÉCIES DE BARBATIMÃO

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Tamiel Khan Baiocchi Jacobson

2007-09-01

Full Text Available

This study evaluated the influence of edaphic factors on total phenols and tannins yield of two species of barbatimão (S. adstringens and S. polyphyllum. Data were collected in four ";cerrado"; locations in Goiás State, Brazil, during the dry (July 2001 and rainy season (February 2002. S. adstringens specimens (trees were sampled in the municipalities of Rio Verde, Bela Vista de Goiás and Silvânia, and specimens of S. polyphyllum were sampled in Rio Verde, Bela Vista de Goiás and Abadia de Goiás; five specimens were collected from each county, totaling thirty specimens. The collected material consisted of one bark sample per specimen and season, and soil samples at two depths (0-20 cm and 20-40 cm in the dry season. Bark total phenols and tannins were determined by Hagerman & Butler method, and soil analyses followed the current methods recommended by Embrapa. Data was statistically analyzed by principal component analysis. It was showed that low chemical fertility soils were associated with the highest total phenols and tannins, particularly for S. polyphylum. Higher yields of these metabolic products were observed in the rainy season. In the dry season, sandy soils were positively correlated with total phenols and tannins yields, while soil aluminum saturation was more correlated with total phenols and tannins in the rainy season.

KEY-WORDS: Medicinal herb; cerrado; tannin; phenol.

Neste estudo avaliou-se a influência de fatores edáficos sobre a produção de fenóis totais e taninos em duas espécies de barbatimão (S. adstringens e S. polyphyllum. Os dados foram coletados em quatro localidades da região de cerrado, em Goiás, nas estações seca (julho de 2001 e chuvosa (fevereiro de 2002. Foram amostrados indivíduos (árvores de S. adstringens nos municípios de Rio Verde, Bela Vista de Goiás e Silvânia, e indivíduos de S. polyphyllum, em Rio Verde, Bela Vista de Goiás e Abadia de Goiás; cinco de cada município, totalizando trinta indivíduos. O material coletado constou de uma amostra de casca por espécime e estação, e amostras de solo tomadas em duas profundidades (0-20 cm e 20-40 cm, na estação seca. Fenóis totais e taninos na casca foram determinados pelo método de Hagerman & Butler, e as análises do solo, segundo o método atualmente preconizado pela Embrapa. Os dados foram tratados estatisticamente por análise de componentes principais. Observou-se que solos com baixa fertilidade química estão associados com maiores níveis de fenóis totais e taninos, mormente para S. polyphyllum. Maiores produções desses metabólitos foram observadas no período chuvoso. A produção de fenóis totais e taninos, na estação seca, esteve positivamente correlacionada à textura arenosa dos solos; enquanto, na estação chuvosa, mostrou-se mais associada com a saturação por alumínio no solo.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Planta medicinal; cerrado; taninos; fenóis.

Estudo da regeneração natural de espécies arbóreas em fragmento de Floresta Ombrófila Densa, Mata das Galinhas, no município de Catende, zona da mata sul de Pernambuco.

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Wegliane Campelo da Silva

2010-08-01

Full Text Available O estudo foi desenvolvido no fragmento denominado Mata das Galinhas, situado no município de Catende - PE, na mesorregião da mata pernambucana, mais precisamente na microrregião da mata úmida, a 142 Km da capital, nas coordenadas 8º69'06"S e 35º69'08" W, com altitude média de 199m. O relevo varia, predominantemente, de ondulado a forte ondulado. Os solos predominantes são classificados como latossolo vermelho distrófico e nitossolo vermelho associado ao latossolo. A vegetação é de Floresta Ombrófila Densa. Neste estudo, objetivou-se avaliar a regeneração natural de espécies arbóreas no fragmento florestal e verificar a diversidade e a estrutura das espécies no mesmo. Para a estimativa da regeneração natural das espécies arbóreas, foram locadas, de forma sistemática, 16 subparcelas de 25 m² (5 x 5 m, no centro de 16 unidades amostrais permanentes de 250 m2 (10,0 x 25,0 m, para o estudo da fitossociologia da comunidade arbórea adulta, com um distanciamento de 50 m entre si. O nível de inclusão foi de CAP < 15 cm, e a medição de altura (h foi dividida em classes, em que a classe 1 contemplou indivíduos com 1,0 < h < 2,0 m, a classe 2 com indivíduos 2,0 < h < 3,0 m e a classe, 3 indivíduos com h > 3,0 m. Foram realizados os cálculos da suficiência amostral e da diversidade. No fragmento, foram amostrados 194 indivíduos, pertencentes a 31 famílias botânicas e a 60 espécies arbóreas. Destas, 42 foram identificadas em nível de espécie; 4,em nível de gênero; 2, em nível de família; e 2, indeterminadas. As dez espécies com maiores valores para regeneração natural Total da População Amostrada (RNT representaram 53,78%, estando assim distribuídas: Brosimum discolor Schott (9,98%, Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl. Marchand (9,19%, Eschweilera ovata (Cambess. Miers (8,01%, Thyrsodium spruceanum Benth. (7,0%, Dialium guianense (Aubl. Sandwith (5,44%, Erythroxylum squamatum Sw. (3,32%, Cupania revoluta Rolfe (3

Ethnomedicinal survey of a maroon community in Brazil's Atlantic tropical forest.

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de Santana, Bruna Farias; Voeks, Robert A; Funch, Ligia Silveira

2016-04-02

species (45%), and non-cultivated species (51%) were slightly more numerous than cultivated species (49%). In spite of abundant nearby old-growth forests, trails and gardens were the most common collection sites. A mean of 13.2 medicinal plant species were cited per participant. The highest CV was recorded for Cymbopogon citratus (0.20) followed by Lippia alba (0.19) and Stryphnodendron cf. adstringens (0.17). The highest RF included C. citratus (0.69), L. alba (0.59), and Eugenia uniflora (0.55). The highest UV figures were recorded for S. cf. adstringens (1.68), followed by Sida cf. cordifolia (0.97) and C. citratus (0.93).Fifteen species (13%) of this maroon medicinal flora trace their ancestry to Africa or African-derived healing traditions. The Salamina maroon community maintains considerable knowledge of the medicinal value of the local flora. However, little of this knowledge is derived from the surrounding old-growth tropical forests. Their pharmacopoeia is a hybrid mix of wild and cultivated species, natives and exotics. Among those species representing the community's isolation and African ancestry, most are associated with spiritual and magical medicine. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.