A production method for Cr-51 at IEN's cyclotron

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bastos, M A.V.; Britto, J L.Q. de; Vinagre, U M; Silva, A.G. da [Universidade Federal, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil). Coordenacao dos Programas de Pos-graduacao de Engenharia

1990-01-01

Thick target yields for the reactions {sup 51} V(p,n){sup 51} Cr and {sup 51} V(d, 2 n){sup 51} Cr were measured and compared with literature values. The excitation function for the {sup 51} V(p,n){sup 51} Cr reaction was also measured. A method for the production and separation of this radioisotope was developed via the {sup 51} V(p,n){sup 51} Cr reaction and a combination of Fe+3 coprecipitation and an anion exchange technique using a Dowex 1X8(100-200 mesh) resin in hydrochloric acid medium. (author).

A production method for Cr-51 at IEN's cyclotron

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bastos, M A.V.; Britto, J L.Q. de; Vinagre, U M; Silva, A.G. da [Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). Dept. de Fisica

1990-01-01

Thick target yields for the reactions {sup 51}V(p,n){sup 51}Cr and {sup 51}V(d,2n){sup 51}Cr were measured and compared with literature values. The excitation function for the {sup 51}V(p,n){sup 51}Cr reaction was also measured. A method for the production and separation of this radioisotope was developed via the {sup 51}V(p,n){sup 51}Cr reaction and a combination of Fe{sup +3} coprecipitation and an anion exchange technique using a Dowex 1X8 (100-200 mesh) resin in hydrochloric acid medium. (orig.).

Phase transitions and thermal expansion in Ni51- x Mn36 + x Sn13 alloys

Science.gov (United States)

Kaletina, Yu. V.; Gerasimov, E. G.; Kazantsev, V. A.; Kaletin, A. Yu.

2017-10-01

Thermal expansion and structural and magnetic phase transitions in alloys of the Ni-Mn-Sn system have been investigated. The spontaneous martensitic transformation in Ni51-xMn36 + xSn13 (0 ≤ x ≤ 3) alloys is found to be accompanied by high jumps in the temperature dependences of the linear thermal expansion. The relative change in the linear sizes of these alloys at the martensitic transformation is 1.5 × 10-3. There are no anomalies in the magnetic-ordering temperature range in the temperature dependences of the coefficient of linear thermal expansion. The differences in the behavior of linear thermal expansion at the martensitic transformation in Ni51-xMn36 + xSn13 (0 ≤ x ≤ 3) and Ni47Mn40Sn13( x = 4) alloys have been established.

VMware vSphere 5.1 cookbook

CERN Document Server

GB, Abhilash

2013-01-01

A fast-paced, task-oriented Cookbook covering recipes on the installation and configuration of vSphere 5.1 components. The recipes are accompanied with relevant screenshots with an intention to provide a visual guidance as well. The book concentrates more on the actual task rather than the theory around it, making it easier to understand what is really needed to achieve the task.This book is a guide for anyone who wants to learn how to install and configure VMware vSphere components. This is an excellent handbook for support professionals or for anyone intending to give themselves a head start

The Effect of Stepped Austempering on Phase Composition and Mechanical Properties of Nanostructured X37CrMoV5-1 Steel

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marciniak S.

2015-04-01

Full Text Available This paper presents the results of studies of X37CrMoV5-1 steel subjected to quenching processes with a one-step and a two-step isothermal annealing. The TEM observation revealed that steel after one-step treatment led is composed of carbide-free bainite with nanometric thickness of ferrite plates and of high volume fraction of retained austenite in form of thin layers or large blocks. In order to improve the strength parameters an attempt was made to reduce the austenite content by use of quenching with the two-step isothermal annealing. The temperature and time of each step were designed on the basis of dilatometric measurements. It was shown, that the two-step heat treatment led to increase of the bainitic ferrite content and resulted in improvement of steel's strength with no loss of steel ductility.

Synthesis and characterization of perovskites type La(Fe_xV_1_-_x)O_3

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tupan, Lilian Felipe da Silva

2014-01-01

Perovskites of the La(Fe_xV_1_-_x)O_3 type were synthesized by solid state reaction and by arc-melting. The samples prepared were structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction and regarding the magnetic and hyperfine properties by "5"7Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy. The results revealed that the samples crystallized mostly with orthorhombic structure, in the Pbnm space group. The lattice parameters of the pseudo-ternary compounds decreased linearly with the progressive substitution of iron by vanadium, in agreement with the Vegard's law. It was also observed the reduction of the hyperfine magnetic field which changes from a well defined sextet of 51,8 T, obtained for LaFeO_3, to a magnetic field distribution and, further, to a paramagnetic component for the richest vanadium samples. Low temperature Mössbauer spectroscopy measurements were additionally performed for the La(Fe_0_,_2V_0_,_8)O_3 sample. It was shown that the sample recovers the magnetic order with decreasing temperature. These results reveal that the coexistence of iron-vanadium results in an even more complicated magnetic behavior, decreasing the magnetic transition temperature, as replacement of iron by vanadium in orthoferrite increases. (author)

(. gamma. , p) reaction of /sup 51/V and /sup 54/Fe

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tsubota, H [Tohoku Univ., Sendai (Japan). Coll. of General Education; Oikawa, S; Uegaki, J; Tamae, T

1975-06-01

The (..gamma.., p) reaction cross sections of /sup 51/V and /sup 54/Fe were measured for studying the isospin and the nuclear deformation effects. An approximate method of the analysis of the isospin effect is presented. The form and intensity of the (..gamma.., p) and (..gamma.., n) reaction cross sections in the giant resonance region of /sup 51/V and /sup 54/Fe can be explained qualitatively with a compound nucleus model and the assumption of a quantum number of good isospin.

Fassaadid ja muinsuskaitse : Viru väljak 2 maja saamislugu = Facades and Heritage Protection : the Story of No 2 Viru Square / Raivo Kotov

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kotov, Raivo

2008-01-01

Viru väljak 2 ajaloomälestisena riikliku kaitse all olevas hoones (1849) asus Tallinna Aleksandri gümnaasium. Peale detailplaneeringu (I. Raud, K-Projekt) kehtestamist jäid osaliselt kaitsealuseks hoone fassaadid. Olemasoleva kaitsealuse fassaadi taha kerkiva ärihoone kolmas eskiisprojekt (KOKO Arhitektid, 2007) pälvis muinsuskaitse heakskiidu

Design and implementation of the 40, 50/51 protections and MEL, OEL and V/HZ limiters in a synchronous generator; Diseno e implementacion de las protecciones 40,50/51 y limitadores MEL, OEL y V/HZ en un generador sincrono

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Goitia Ochoa, Salvador Hector

2001-10-15

The thesis shows the design and implementation of loss of field (40) and overcurrent (50/51) relays, minimum excitation limiter (MEL), over excitation limiter (OEL) and Voltage / Frequency limiter (V/Hz). It is also shown the development of a synchronous machine mathematical model for representing the conditions of open circuit, three phase short-circuit at stator terminals and short/open circuit at the field winding. Finally, a study about the magnetic saturation effect on the protection against loss of excitation is shown. It is studied the effects on the relay settings by using the X{sub d} saturated reactance. All the tests were applied for a salient-pole synchronous machine of 7 kVA, 220 V and 1800 rpm. The machine is at the Propulsion Laboratory of the Instituto Tecnologico de La Laguna. [Spanish] En este trabajo de tesis se realiza el diseno e implementacion de las protecciones contra la perdida de campo (40) y de sobrecorriente (50/51), asi como el de los limitadores de minima excitacion (MEL), maxima excitacion (OEL) y el limitador de Voltaje / Frecuencia (V/Hz). Ademas se muestra el desarrollo de las ecuaciones del modelo matematico del generador sincrono en condiciones de circuito abierto, con una falla trifasica en terminales, con el devanado de campo en corto circuito y en circuito abierto. Por ultimo se realiza un estudio en el cual se incluye el efecto de la saturacion magnetica en la proteccion contra la perdida de campo y las consecuencias que traeria el ajustar la proteccion usando el parametro de X{sub d} saturada. Las pruebas fisicas de las protecciones y limitadores fueron aplicadas a un generador sincrono de polos salientes con una capacidad de 7 kVA, 220 V, 1800 rpm, localizado en el Laboratorio de Propulsion de Instituto Tecnologico de la laguna.

Band alignment study of lattice-matched In{sub 0.49}Ga{sub 0.51}P and Ge using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Owen, Man Hon Samuel, E-mail: m.owen.sg@ieee.org, E-mail: yeo@ieee.org; Zhou, Qian; Gong, Xiao; Yeo, Yee-Chia, E-mail: m.owen.sg@ieee.org, E-mail: yeo@ieee.org [Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260 (Singapore); Zhang, Zheng; Pan, Ji Sheng [Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602 (Singapore); Loke, Wan Khai; Wicaksono, Satrio; Yoon, Soon Fatt [School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798 (Singapore); Tok, Eng Soon [Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117551 (Singapore)

2014-09-08

Lattice-matched In{sub 0.49}Ga{sub 0.51}P was grown on a p-type Ge(100) substrate with a 10° off-cut towards the (111) by low temperature molecular beam epitaxy, and the band-alignment of In{sub 0.49}Ga{sub 0.51}P on Ge substrate was obtained by high resolution x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The valence band offset for the InGaP/Ge(100) interface was found to be 0.64 ± 0.12 eV, with a corresponding conduction band offset of 0.60 ± 0.12 eV. The InGaP/Ge interface is found to be of the type I band alignment.

Partial decay energy of 51Cr from inner bremsstrahlung spectrum

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sanjeeviah, H.; Sanjeevaiah, B.

1980-01-01

The inner bremsstrahlung spectrum accompanying orbital electron capture decay of 51 Cr to the first excited state in 51 V was measured in coincidence with 320 keV gamma rays. From the Jauch plot of the spectrum the partial decay energy was deduced to be 433 +- 18 keV in good agreement with the previously measured value and the accepted mass difference. The overall shape factor of the inner bremsstrahlung spectrum was found to be a constant X(1.1 +- 0.1). (author)

Analisis Peta Persepsi Pemilihan Atribut Produk Laptop Di Kalangan Mahasiswa Universitas Telkom Kota Bandung (Studi Pada Laptop Acer, Asus, Lenovo, Toshiba, HP, Samsung dan Apple

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wiwik Melwinda

2017-04-01

Full Text Available This research aims to find out laptop brand selection perceptual map of among Telkom University students. The object of this research study are some of incoming laptop brand in Top Brand 2016 which are Acer, Lenovo, Asus, Toshiba, HP, Samsung and Apple. The attributes of the study are design instrument, operation system, variation, feature set, specification, processor, battery resistance, product price, price resale, warranty, LCD display, storage capacity, product quality, sustainability to defect, and keyboard quality. This research used quantitative method. Research instrument used was a questionnaire, which distributed to 100 respondent sample area of the object of research. In taking a sample of this study, the researcher used Non-Probability technique by using purposive sampling method. The data analysis that used is multidimensional scalling analysis, this analysis gives perception map picture, appeared the position of each laptop brand that is close together or far apart. Laptop brand that showed in a perceptual map will display rank of the best position than another laptop brand. As perception, Apple occupies the first best position among another best laptop brands. That is proved by the rank position from respondents preference based on overall attributes which is more excellent in design, operation system, variation, feature set, specification, processor, battery resistance, product quality, and keyboard quality. For price product attribute is occupied by Lenovo as the cheapest rather than another laptop brands. Meanwhile, for the LCD display attribute, price resale, and storage capacity are occupied by Asus which get the second best rank based overall attribute.

On the Spatially Resolved Star Formation History in M51. II. X-Ray Binary Population Evolution

Science.gov (United States)

Lehmer, B. D.; Eufrasio, R. T.; Markwardt, L.; Zezas, A.; Basu-Zych, A.; Fragos, T.; Hornschemeier, A. E.; Ptak, A.; Tzanavaris, P.; Yukita, M.

2017-12-01

We present a new technique for empirically calibrating how the X-ray luminosity function (XLF) of X-ray binary (XRB) populations evolves following a star formation event. We first utilize detailed stellar population synthesis modeling of far-UV-to-far-IR photometry of the nearby face-on spiral galaxy M51 to construct maps of the star formation histories (SFHs) on subgalactic (≈400 pc) scales. Next, we use the ≈850 ks cumulative Chandra exposure of M51 to identify and isolate 2-7 keV detected point sources within the galaxy, and we use our SFH maps to recover the local properties of the stellar populations in which each X-ray source is located. We then divide the galaxy into various subregions based on their SFH properties (e.g., star formation rate (SFR) per stellar mass ({M}\\star ) and mass-weighted stellar age) and group the X-ray point sources according to the characteristics of the regions in which they are found. Finally, we construct and fit a parameterized XLF model that quantifies how the XLF shape and normalization evolves as a function of the XRB population age Our best-fit model indicates that the XRB XLF per unit stellar mass declines in normalization, by ˜3-3.5 dex, and steepens in slope from ≈10 Myr to ≈10 Gyr. We find that our technique recovers results from past studies of how XRB XLFs and XRB luminosity scaling relations vary with age and provides a self-consistent picture for how XRB XLFs evolve with age.

Design Processes and Criteria for the X-51A Flight Vehicle Airframe

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Lane, Jeffrey

2007-01-01

.... This paper summarizes the X-51A vehicle mission requirements, system design, design processes used for airframe synthesis, design safety factors, success criteria and issues facing the incorporation...

Tribological properties of anti-wear PVD coatings for elevated temperatures application deposited onto X37CrMoV5-1 type hot work steel

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dobrzanski, L.A.; Polok, M.; Adamiak, M.

2003-01-01

The paper presents results of tribological and adhesion investigations of anti-wear PVD coatings TiN, TiN/(Ti,Al)N and CrN types deposited in ion plating PVD process onto X37CrMoV5-1 type hot work tool steel. It was found that damage mechanism during scratch test in all investigated coatings begins with multiple spallings located on the scratch edges followed by cracking and tool coatings delamination. Regarding to the coating types it can be seen different location of such damages and loads typical for them. According to this observations it can be stated that highest adhesion among investigated coating present, CrN monolayer coating and the lowest one multilayers Ti/(Ti,Al)N coating. The wear resistance was investigated by pin-on-disc method performed in room and elevated to 500 o C temperatures. It was found that the lowest wear in to fixed investigation conditions in both room and elevated temperatures shows TiN monolayer coating. Additionally one can see that TiN coatings application improve wear resistance some five times. (author)

Väheväärtusliku vallasasja süstemaatiline vargus KarS § 199 lõike 2 punkti 9 tähenduses. Tartu Ringkonnakohtu kriminaalkolleegiumi määrus kriminaalasjas 1-11-11324 (Riigikohtu kriminaalkolleegiumi otsuses asjas 3-1-1-87-07 väljendatud seisu

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Randma, Paavo, 1977-

2013-01-01

Riigikohus leidis lahendis 3-1-1-87-07, et süstemaatilisuse jaatamiseks on vaja isiku poolt vähemalt kolme varguse toimepanemist. Ringkonnakohus asus lahendis 1-11-11324 seisukohale, et varguste toimepanemisest kui inimese elustiilist saab väheväärtuslike vallasasjade varastamise korral rääkida vaid juhul, kui need pannakse toime teatud kindla ajavahemiku vältel

Spectroscopy of the {sup 29}Si({ital p},{gamma}) reaction for {ital E}{sub {ital p}}=1.75{endash}2.51 MeV

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wallace, P.M.; Bilpuch, E.G.; Bybee, C.R.; Mitchell, G.E.; Moore, E.F.; Shriner, J.D.; Shriner, J.F. Jr.; Vavrina, G.A.; Westerfeldt, C.R. [Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708 (United States)]|[Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708 North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 (United States)]|[Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708 Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, Tennessee 38505 (United States)

1996-12-01

The {sup 29}Si({ital p},{gamma}) reaction has been studied for 30 resonances in the range {ital E}{sub {ital p}}=1.75{endash}2.51 MeV. Branching ratios have been measured for 28 of these resonances. The separation energy {ital S}{sub {ital p}} for {sup 30}P has been determined to be 5594.5{plus_minus}0.5 keV. Improved spin, parity, and isospin assignments have been made to a number of the resonant states. A new level has been identified in {sup 30}P at {ital E}{sub {ital x}}=6006 keV, and its {gamma}-ray branching ratios have been measured. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}

Picosecond x-ray measurements from 100 eV to 30 keV

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Attwood, D.T.; Kauffman, R.L.; Stradling, G.L.

1980-01-01

Picosecond x-ray measurements relevant to the Livermore Laser Fusion Program are reviewed. Resolved to 15 picoseconds, streak camera detection capabilities extend from 100 eV to higher than 30 keV, with synchronous capabilities in the visible, near infrared, and ultraviolet. Capabilities include automated data retrieval using charge coupled devices (CCD's), absolute x-ray intensity levels, novel cathodes, x-ray mirror/reflector combinations, and a variety of x-ray imaging devices

Comparison of reactions for the production of 258,257Db: 208Pb(51V,xn) and 209Bi(50Ti,xn)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gates, Jacklyn M.; Nelson, Sarah L.; Gregorich, Kenneth E.; Dragojevic, Irena; Dullmann, Christoph E.; Ellison, Paul A.; Folden III, Charles M.; Garcia, Mitch A.; Stavsetra, Liv; Sudowe, Ralf; Hoffman, Darleane C.; Nitsche, Heino

2008-09-29

Excitation functions for the 1n and 2n exit channels of the 208Pb(51V,xn)259-xDb reaction were measured. A maximum cross section of the 1n exit channel of 2070+1100/-760 pb was measured at an excitation energy of 16.0 +- 1.8 MeV. For the 2n exit channel, a maximum cross section of 1660+450/-370 pb was measured at 22.0 +- 1.8 MeV excitation energy. The 1n excitation function for the 209Bi(50Ti,n)258Db reaction was remeasured, resulting in a cross section of 5480+1750/-1370 pb at an excitation energy of 16.0 +- 1.6 MeV, in agreement with previous values [F. P. Hebberger, et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 12, 57 (2001)]. Differences in cross section maxima are discussed in terms of the fusion probability below the barrier.

Meediahiiglane või meediasegadus? / Stanley Reed

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Reed, Stanley

2008-01-01

Thomas H. Glocer kavatseb tulevikku muuta 157aastase uudisteagentuuri ja finantsandmegigandi Reutersi ning ajalehekirjastajana alustanud 78aastase äriteabeimpeeriumi Thomson abil. Glocer müüs Reutersi 15,6 miljardi dollari eest Thomsonile ning asus ise Thomson Reutersi juhi kohale. Vt. samas: Teabehiid

Local magnetic susceptibility, spin dynamics, and charge order in the quasi-one-dimensional conductor β -Li0.33V2O5 investigated by site-selective 51V NMR

Science.gov (United States)

Yamauchi, Ichihiro; Itoh, Masayuki; Yamauchi, Touru; Yamaura, Jun-Ichi; Ueda, Yutaka

2017-11-01

51V NMR measurements have been conducted on a single crystal of the quasi-one-dimensional conductor β -Li0.33V2O5 which undergoes a metal-insulator (MI) transition at TMI˜170 K. In the metallic phase, we obtain 51V Knight shift and electric field gradient tensors. From the analysis of the 51V Knight shifts, we find that the charge disproportionation appears even in the metallic state and the electronic structure is represented within a model of weakly coupled ladders containing two types of ladders with distinct carrier densities. Based on the 51V nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate, we discuss the spin dynamics within the one-dimensional electron gas model. From the analysis of several nonmagnetic V5 + spectra observed in the insulating phase, we propose a possible charge-order pattern which has a superlattice modulation larger than those in other family members of β -A0.33V2O5 (A =Na and Ag). Finally, we discuss the A -ion dependence of the electronic structure, the charge disproportionation, and the charge order in β -A0.33V2O5 .

Transformation characteristics of LaV/sub x/Nb/sub 1-x/O4 compounds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nevitt, M.V.; Aldred, A.T.

1983-06-01

X-ray diffractometry measurements were made as a function of temperature on a series of polycrystalline LaV/sub x/Nb/sub 1-x/O 4 compounds (0 4 compounds that are either candidates or are appropriate models for candidate materials for hosting nuclear-waste ions. Partial substitution of V 5+ on the Nb 5+ site significantly lowers the tetragonal scheelite (I4 1 /a) to monoclinic fergusonite (I2/c) transformation, from 770 0 K in LaNbO 4 to approximately 215 0 K for LaV 0 25 Nb 0 75 O 4 (the solubility limit is close to x = 0.35). The transformation is displacive, of second order, involving two coupled order parameters. Heat capacity measurements on LaV 0 25 Nb 0 75 O 4 showed that the specific heat anamoly at the transformation point is extremely small. It is concluded that the two polymorphic forms of LaV/sub x/Nb/sub 1-x/O 4 have very nearly the same free energies over a substantial range of temperature below the transformation

Lax-Phillips scattering theory with two Hilbert spaces V(x)=0((1)/|x|β), β>1

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brambila Paz, F.

1988-10-01

A scattering theory for the wave equation with a perturbation with compact support was developed by Lax and Phillips in 1967. Using Enss approach Phillips developed a Lax-Phillips scattering theory for perturbations V such that V(x)=0((1)/|x| β ), β>2. In this paper we develop a scattering theory for more general perturbations V, i.e. for V(x)=0((1)/|x| β ), β>1. (author). 8 refs

X-51A Scramjet Demonstrator Program: Waverider Ground and Flight Test

Science.gov (United States)

2013-11-01

identification NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration Scramjet supersonic ramjet (scramjet) TM telemetry 3 INTRODUCTION The fourth and final...aerodynamic parameter identification (PID) maneuvers were to be performed at Mach numbers 5, 4, 3, and 2. After almost 5 minutes of descent, the X-51A...resolve the issue and lineup for a second attempt. The F-15 successfully took off without major impact to the mission timing. As noted earlier, with the

Preliminary Evaluation on Characteristics of Waste from Pyro-processing (FS v5.1)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, In-Young; Choi, Heui-Joo

2016-01-01

In this study, characteristic of waste from pyro-processing which based on material balance FS v5.1 is evaluated for revising of A-KRS concept. To reduce volume and toxicity of PWR SNFs, the P and T Technology using pyro-processing and SFR is under development in KAERI. In accordance with this R and D, the A-KRS was developed by KAERI for disposal of waste from pyro-processing. After A-KRS concept development, material balance has been revised and characteristics of waste have been changed. To solve impending saturation of storage capacity of NPP sites, national policy on SNF management seems to be determined shortly. Demand on detailed analysis on impact of P and T using pyro-processing and SFR as base data is increasing. To compare direct disposal scenario to the P and T scenario using pyro-processing and SFR, updating of A-KRS reflecting amendment of material balance is required. In this study, characteristic of waste from pyro-processing which based on material balance FS v5.1 is evaluated. Every 15 types of outputs generated from pyro-processing are evaluated. Great reduction can be achieved by complete reuse of U/TRU/RE in SFR, because most of decay heat, radioactivity and radiotoxicity are generated from U/TRU/RE ingot. Within about 300 years, the fly ash filter containing Cs, Sr containing salt waste are important waste in perspective of decay heat and radioactivity. Importance of RE containing salt waste reduced. Management of hold-ups must be clarified because hold-ups take large portion of decay heat, radioactivity in the material balance FS v5.1

Preliminary Evaluation on Characteristics of Waste from Pyro-processing (FS v5.1)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kim, In-Young; Choi, Heui-Joo [Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)

2016-10-15

In this study, characteristic of waste from pyro-processing which based on material balance FS v5.1 is evaluated for revising of A-KRS concept. To reduce volume and toxicity of PWR SNFs, the P and T Technology using pyro-processing and SFR is under development in KAERI. In accordance with this R and D, the A-KRS was developed by KAERI for disposal of waste from pyro-processing. After A-KRS concept development, material balance has been revised and characteristics of waste have been changed. To solve impending saturation of storage capacity of NPP sites, national policy on SNF management seems to be determined shortly. Demand on detailed analysis on impact of P and T using pyro-processing and SFR as base data is increasing. To compare direct disposal scenario to the P and T scenario using pyro-processing and SFR, updating of A-KRS reflecting amendment of material balance is required. In this study, characteristic of waste from pyro-processing which based on material balance FS v5.1 is evaluated. Every 15 types of outputs generated from pyro-processing are evaluated. Great reduction can be achieved by complete reuse of U/TRU/RE in SFR, because most of decay heat, radioactivity and radiotoxicity are generated from U/TRU/RE ingot. Within about 300 years, the fly ash filter containing Cs, Sr containing salt waste are important waste in perspective of decay heat and radioactivity. Importance of RE containing salt waste reduced. Management of hold-ups must be clarified because hold-ups take large portion of decay heat, radioactivity in the material balance FS v5.1.

Compilation and evaluation of 14-MeV neutron-activation cross sections for nuclear technology applications. Set I

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Evain, B.P.; Smith, D.L.; Lucchese, P.

1985-04-01

Available 14-MeV experimental neutron activation cross sections are compiled and evaluated for the following reactions of interest for nuclear-energy technology applications: 27 Al(n,p) 27 Mg, Si(n,X) 28 Al, Ti(n,X) 46 Sc, Ti(n,X) 47 Sc, Ti(n,X) 48 Sc, 51 V(n,p) 51 Ti, 51 V(n,α) 48 Sc, Cr(n,X) 52 V, 55 Mn(n,α) 52 V, 55 Mn(n,2n) 54 Mn, Fe(n,X) 54 Mn, 54 Fe(n,α) 51 Cr, 59 Co(n,p) 59 Fe, 59 Co(n,α) 56 Mn, 59 Co(n,2n) 58 Co, 65 Cu(n,p) 65 Ni, Zn(n,X) 64 Cu, 64 Zn(n,2n) 63 Zn, 113 In(n,n')/sup 113m/In, 115 In(n,n') /sup 115m/In. The compiled values are listed and plotted for reference without adjustments. From these collected results those values for which adequate supplementary information on nuclear constants, standards and experimental errors is provided are selected for use in reaction-by-reaction evaluations. These data are adjusted as needed to account for recent revisions in the nuclear constants and cross section standards. The adjusted results are subsequently transformed to equivalent cross sections at 14.7 MeV for the evaluation process. The evaluations are performed utilizing a least-squares method which considers correlations between the experimental data. 440 refs., 41 figs., 46 tabs

X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy study of CaV1-xMoxO3-δ

Science.gov (United States)

Belyakov, S. A.; Kuznetsov, M. V.; Shkerin, S. N.

2018-06-01

An investigation was carried out on perovskite-based derivatives of CaV1-xMoxO3-δ using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). According to the XRD pattern, the area of homogeneity covers the region from x = 0 to x = 0.6. Wide XPS-peaks of Ca, V, Mo and O are observed, signalling that elements are presented in multiple states. A model for explaining the large chemical shifts of XPS peaks due to different charging effects on different parts of the sample surface is proposed.

The determination of the surface potential for the CdxHg1-xTe crystals and the V-CdxHg1-xTe and Ni-V-CdxMg1-xTe structures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Veliyulin, Eh.I.; Ragimova, R.A.; Mamedov, A.A.

1996-01-01

Surface potential of semiconductor crystals n-Cd x Hg 1-x Te (unannealed and annealed in mercury vapors) and of the structures V-Cd x Hg 1-x Te, Ni-V-Cd x Hg 1-x Te has been defined using spectroscopy of weak-field electric reflection. It is shown that a deep penetration of vanadium atoms in near the surface region of the crystal occurs in the structures on the basis of unannealed Cd x Hg 1-x Te. 1 ref.; 4 figs

Enhanced magnetization in V{sub x}Fe{sub 3−x}O{sub 4} nanoparticles

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pool, V.L. [Dept. of Physics, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59715 (United States); Kleb, M.T. [Dept. of Chemistry, Montana Tech, Butte, MT 59701 (United States); Ctr. Advanced Supramolecular and Nanoscale Systems, Montana Tech, Butte, MT 59701 (United States); Chorney, C.L. [Dept. of Chemistry, Montana Tech, Butte, MT 59701 (United States); Arenholz, E. [Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley Nat. Labs, Berkeley, CA 94720 (United States); Idzerda, Y.U., E-mail: Idzerda@montana.edu [Dept. of Physics, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59715 (United States)

2015-12-15

Nanoparticles of V{sub x}Fe{sub 3−x}O{sub 4} with up to 33% vanadium doping (x=0 to 1) and a 9 nm diameter are investigated in order to determine the site preference of the vanadium and the magnetic behavior of the nanoparticles. The iron and vanadium L{sub 23}-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectra are used to identify that vanadium initially substitutes into the tetrahedral iron site as V{sup 3+} and that the average iron moment is observed to increase with vanadium concentration up to 12.5% (x=.375). When the vanadium incorporation exceeds 12.5%, the XAS and MCD show that the vanadium begins substituting as V{sup 2+} in the octahedral coordination. This coincides with a rapid reduction of the average moment to zero by 25% (x=.75). The frequency-dependent alternating-current magnetic susceptibility (ACMS) displays a substantial increase in blocking temperature with vanadium concentration and indicated substantial variation in the strength of inter-particle interactions. - Highlights: • Vanadium initially substitutes into the tetrahedral iron site as V{sup 3+}. • The average iron moment increases with vanadium concentration up to 12.5% vanadium (x=.375). • There is a substantial increase in blocking temperature with vanadium concentration. • Above 12.5% vanadium doping, the vanadium substitutes as V{sup 2+} in the octahedral coordination.

Crack growth behavior of low-alloy bainitic 51CrV4 steel

OpenAIRE

Canadinç, Demircan; Lambers, H. G.; Gorny B.; Tschumak, S.; Maier, H.J.

2010-01-01

The crack growth behavior of low-alloy bainitic 51CrV4 steel was investigated. The current results indicate that the stress state present during the isothermal bainitic transformation has a strong influence on the crack propagation behavior in the near threshold regime, when the crack growth direction is perpendicular to the loading axis of the original sample undergoing phase transformation. However, the influence of stresses superimposed during the bainitic transformation on the crack growt...

Electronic, optical, and thermoelectric properties of Fe2+xV1−xAl

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

D. P. Rai

2017-04-01

Full Text Available We report the electronic, optical, and thermoelectric properties of full-Heusler alloy Fe2VAl with Fe antisite doping (Fe2+xV1−xAl as obtained from the first-principles Tran-Blaha modified Becke-Johnson potential. The results are discussed in relation to the available experimental data and show good agreements for the band gap, magnetic moment, and optical spectra. Exploring our transport data for thermoelectric applicability suggest that Fe2+xV1−xAl is a good candidate with a high figure of merit (ZT 0.75(0.65 for x = 0.25(0.50 at room temperature.

Hexagonal perovskites with cationic vacancies. 25. Hexagonal 5 L stacking polytypes in the systems Ba/sub 5/BaWsub(3-x)sup(VI)Msub(x)sup(V)vacantOsub(15-x/2)vacantsub(x/2) with Msup(V) = Nb, Ta

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kemmler-Sack, S [Tuebingen Univ. (Germany, F.R.). Lehrstuhl fuer Anorganische Chemie 2

1980-12-01

In the systems BaO-M/sub 2/sup(V)O/sub 5/-WO/sub 3/ (Msup(V) = Nb, Ta) a new phase Ba/sub 5/BaWsub(3-x)Msub(x)sup(V)vacantOsub(15-x/2)vacantsub(x/2) with hexagonal 5 L structure (sequence hhccc; space group P-3m1) could be prepared. The range of existence is restricted to Msup(V) containing compounds. With Msup(V) = Nb the lower phase boundary is x = 3. In the Ta system it is reached between x = 2 and 3; the pure Ta pervoskite (Ba:Ta:O = 6:3:13 1/2 = 4:2:9) represents the final member of the series Ba/sub 3/Srsub(1-y)Basub(y)Ta/sub 2/O/sub 9/ with y = 1.

Observation of γ rays > 1015 eV from Cygnus X-3

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lloyd-Evans, J.; Coy, R.N.; Lambert, A.; Lapikens, J.; Patel, M.; Reid, R.J.O.; Watson, A.A.

1983-01-01

The X-ray binary system Cygnus X-3 is a source of particular interest. As well as emitting X-rays which are modulated with a 4.8-h period, it has been observed in 30-100 MeV γ rays by the SAS II satellite and several groups have detected γ rays in the TeV range showing the same period. Most recently, using the small extensive air shower array at Kiel, workers have found that the γ-ray spectrum of Cygnus X-3 extends above 2 x 10 15 eV, with an integral flux of (7.4 +- 3.2) x 10 -14 cm -2 s -1 . This paper confirms the Kiel observations and presents evidence that the γ-ray spectrum of Cygnus X-3 steepens above 10 16 eV. (author)

Color-Space-Based Visual-MIMO for V2X Communication

OpenAIRE

Jai-Eun Kim; Ji-Won Kim; Youngil Park; Ki-Doo Kim

2016-01-01

In this paper, we analyze the applicability of color-space-based, color-independent visual-MIMO for V2X. We aim to achieve a visual-MIMO scheme that can maintain the original color and brightness while performing seamless communication. We consider two scenarios of GCM based visual-MIMO for V2X. One is a multipath transmission using visual-MIMO networking and the other is multi-node V2X communication. In the scenario of multipath transmission, we analyze the channel capacity numerically and w...

X-ray Studies of Unidentified Galactic TeV Gamma-ray Sources

Science.gov (United States)

Pühlhofer, Gerd

2009-05-01

Many of the recently discovered Galactic TeV sources remain unidentified to date. A large fraction of the sources is possibly associated with relic pulsar wind nebula (PWN) systems. One key question here is the maximum energy (beyond TeV) attained in the compact PWNe. Hard X-ray emission can trace those particles, but current non-focussing X-ray instruments above 10 keV have difficulties to deconvolve the hard pulsar spectrum from its surrounding nebula. Some of the new TeV sources are also expected to originate from middle-aged and possibly even from old supernova remnants (SNR). But no compelling case for such an identification has been found yet. In established young TeV-emitting SNRs, X-ray imaging above 10 keV could help to disentangle the leptonic from the hadronic emission component in the TeV shells, if secondary electrons produced in hadronic collisions can be effectively detected. As SNRs get older, the high energy electron component is expected to fade away. This may allow to verify the picture through X-ray spectral evolution of the source population. Starting from the lessons we have learned so far from X-ray follow-up observations of unidentified TeV sources, prospects for Simbol-X to resolve open questions in this field will be discussed.

X-ray Studies of Unidentified Galactic TeV Gamma-ray Sources

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Puehlhofer, Gerd

2009-01-01

Many of the recently discovered Galactic TeV sources remain unidentified to date. A large fraction of the sources is possibly associated with relic pulsar wind nebula (PWN) systems. One key question here is the maximum energy (beyond TeV) attained in the compact PWNe. Hard X-ray emission can trace those particles, but current non-focussing X-ray instruments above 10 keV have difficulties to deconvolve the hard pulsar spectrum from its surrounding nebula.Some of the new TeV sources are also expected to originate from middle-aged and possibly even from old supernova remnants (SNR). But no compelling case for such an identification has been found yet. In established young TeV-emitting SNRs, X-ray imaging above 10 keV could help to disentangle the leptonic from the hadronic emission component in the TeV shells, if secondary electrons produced in hadronic collisions can be effectively detected. As SNRs get older, the high energy electron component is expected to fade away. This may allow to verify the picture through X-ray spectral evolution of the source population.Starting from the lessons we have learned so far from X-ray follow-up observations of unidentified TeV sources, prospects for Simbol-X to resolve open questions in this field will be discussed.

Characterizing X-Ray and Radio Emission in the Black Hole X-Ray Binary V404 Cygni During Quiescence

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Rana, Vikram; Loh, Alan; Corbel, Stephane

2016-01-01

We present results from multi-wavelength simultaneous X-ray and radio observations of the black hole X-ray binary V404 Cyg in quiescence. Our coverage with NuSTAR provides the very first opportunity to study the X-ray spectrum of V404 Cyg at energies above 10 keV. The unabsorbed broadband (0...

Measurements of soft X-ray power and spectral features on Angara-5-1

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Branitskij, A.V.; Olejnik, G.M.

1996-01-01

In many tasks related to high temperature plasmas and ICF is it important to investigate the power and spectrum features of radiation with nanosecond resolution. Measurement methods and signal processing methods are presented. The methods were applied in experiments at the ''Angara-5-1'' facility in the 0.1-2 keV band. The time resolution was 0.5 ns. (author). 1 tab., 2 figs., 8 refs

Measurements of soft X-ray power and spectral features on Angara-5-1

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Branitskij, A V; Olejnik, G M [Troitsk Inst. of Innovative and Fusion Research (Russian Federation)

1997-12-31

In many tasks related to high temperature plasmas and ICF is it important to investigate the power and spectrum features of radiation with nanosecond resolution. Measurement methods and signal processing methods are presented. The methods were applied in experiments at the ``Angara-5-1`` facility in the 0.1-2 keV band. The time resolution was 0.5 ns. (author). 1 tab., 2 figs., 8 refs.

Sub-keV x-ray calibration of plastic scintillators

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lyons, P.B.; Day, R.H.; Lier, D.W.; Elsberry, T.L.

1976-01-01

Several types of x-ray detectors have found widespread use for plasma diagnostic applications in the energy range below a few keV. Silicon diodes, photoelectric diodes, and plastic scintillators have been used to obtain diagnostic information in this region. Sub-keV calibration data for plastic scintillator detectors are reported, and the advantages and limitations of these three detectors in diagnostic measurements are compared. In a previous paper calibration data for plastic scintillators from 1.5 to 20 keV were given. In this paper the data are extended to the C-K/sub α/ line (277 eV). These data represent one application of a new sub-keV x-ray calibration facility at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory

Compilation and evaluation of 14-MeV neutron-activation cross sections for nuclear technology applications. Set I

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Evain, B.P.; Smith, D.L.; Lucchese, P.

1985-04-01

Available 14-MeV experimental neutron activation cross sections are compiled and evaluated for the following reactions of interest for nuclear-energy technology applications: /sup 27/Al(n,p)/sup 27/Mg, Si(n,X)/sup 28/Al, Ti(n,X)/sup 46/Sc, Ti(n,X)/sup 47/Sc, Ti(n,X)/sup 48/Sc, /sup 51/V(n,p)/sup 51/Ti, /sup 51/V(n,..cap alpha..)/sup 48/Sc, Cr(n,X)/sup 52/V, /sup 55/Mn(n,..cap alpha..)/sup 52/V, /sup 55/Mn(n,2n)/sup 54/Mn, Fe(n,X)/sup 54/Mn, /sup 54/Fe(n,..cap alpha..)/sup 51/Cr, /sup 59/Co(n,p)/sup 59/Fe, /sup 59/Co(n,..cap alpha..)/sup 56/Mn, /sup 59/Co(n,2n)/sup 58/Co, /sup 65/Cu(n,p)/sup 65/Ni, Zn(n,X)/sup 64/Cu, /sup 64/Zn(n,2n)/sup 63/Zn, /sup 113/In(n,n')/sup 113m/In, /sup 115/In(n,n') /sup 115m/In. The compiled values are listed and plotted for reference without adjustments. From these collected results those values for which adequate supplementary information on nuclear constants, standards and experimental errors is provided are selected for use in reaction-by-reaction evaluations. These data are adjusted as needed to account for recent revisions in the nuclear constants and cross section standards. The adjusted results are subsequently transformed to equivalent cross sections at 14.7 MeV for the evaluation process. The evaluations are performed utilizing a least-squares method which considers correlations between the experimental data. 440 refs., 41 figs., 46 tabs.

Color-Space-Based Visual-MIMO for V2X Communication.

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, Jai-Eun; Kim, Ji-Won; Park, Youngil; Kim, Ki-Doo

2016-04-23

In this paper, we analyze the applicability of color-space-based, color-independent visual-MIMO for V2X. We aim to achieve a visual-MIMO scheme that can maintain the original color and brightness while performing seamless communication. We consider two scenarios of GCM based visual-MIMO for V2X. One is a multipath transmission using visual-MIMO networking and the other is multi-node V2X communication. In the scenario of multipath transmission, we analyze the channel capacity numerically and we illustrate the significance of networking information such as distance, reference color (symbol), and multiplexing-diversity mode transitions. In addition, in the V2X scenario of multiple access, we may achieve the simultaneous multiple access communication without node interferences by dividing the communication area using image processing. Finally, through numerical simulation, we show the superior SER performance of the visual-MIMO scheme compared with LED-PD communication and show the numerical result of the GCM based visual-MIMO channel capacity versus distance.

Comparative study on the degradation of dibutyl phthalate by two newly isolated Pseudomonas sp. V21b and Comamonas sp. 51F

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vinay Kumar

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Dibutyl phthalate is (DBP the top priority toxicant responsible for carcinogenicity, teratogenicity and endocrine disruption. This study demonstrates the DBP degradation capability of the two newly isolated bacteria from municipal solid waste leachate samples. The isolated bacteria were designated as Pseudomonas sp. V21b and Comamonas sp. 51F after scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Gram-staining, antibiotic sensitivity tests, biochemical characterization, 16S-rRNA gene identification and phylogenetic studies. They were able to grow on DBP, benzyl butyl phthalate, monobutyl phthalate, diisodecyl phthalate, dioctyl phthalate, and protocatechuate. It was observed that Pseudomonas sp. V21b was more efficient in DBP degradation when compared with Comamonas sp. 51F. It degraded 57% and 76% of the initial DBP in minimal salt medium and in DBP contaminated samples respectively. Kinetics for the effects of DBP concentration on Pseudomonas sp. V21b and Comamonas sp. 51F growth was also evaluated. Stoichiometry for DBP degradation and biomass formation were compared for both the isolates. Two major metabolites diethyl phthalate and monobutyl phthalates were identified using GC–MS in the extracts. Key genes were amplified from the genomes of Pseudomonas sp. V21b and Comamonas sp. 51F. DBP degradation pathway was also proposed.

Color-Space-Based Visual-MIMO for V2X Communication

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jai-Eun Kim

2016-04-01

Full Text Available In this paper, we analyze the applicability of color-space-based, color-independent visual-MIMO for V2X. We aim to achieve a visual-MIMO scheme that can maintain the original color and brightness while performing seamless communication. We consider two scenarios of GCM based visual-MIMO for V2X. One is a multipath transmission using visual-MIMO networking and the other is multi-node V2X communication. In the scenario of multipath transmission, we analyze the channel capacity numerically and we illustrate the significance of networking information such as distance, reference color (symbol, and multiplexing-diversity mode transitions. In addition, in the V2X scenario of multiple access, we may achieve the simultaneous multiple access communication without node interferences by dividing the communication area using image processing. Finally, through numerical simulation, we show the superior SER performance of the visual-MIMO scheme compared with LED-PD communication and show the numerical result of the GCM based visual-MIMO channel capacity versus distance.

Multi-keV X-ray area source intensity at SGII laser facility

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Rui-rong; An, Hong-hai; Xie, Zhi-yong; Wang, Wei

2018-05-01

Experiments for investigating the feasibility of multi-keV backlighters for several different metallic foil targets were performed at the Shenguang II (SGII) laser facility in China. Emission spectra in the energy range of 1.65-7.0 keV were measured with an elliptically bent crystal spectrometer, and the X-ray source size was measured with a pinhole camera. The X-ray intensity near 4.75 keV and the X-ray source size for titanium targets at different laser intensity irradiances were studied. By adjusting the total laser energy at a fixed focal spot size, laser intensity in the range of 1.5-5.0 × 1015 W/cm2, was achieved. The results show that the line emission intensity near 4.75 keV and the X-ray source size are dependent on the laser intensity and increase as the laser intensity increases. However, an observed "peak" in the X-ray intensity near 4.75 keV occurs at an irradiance of 4.0 × 1015 W/cm2. For the employed experimental conditions, it was confirmed that the laser intensity could play a significant role in the development of an efficient multi-keV X-ray source. The experimental results for titanium indicate that the production of a large (˜350 μm in diameter) intense backlighter source of multi-keV X-rays is feasible at the SGII facility.

Neutral V production with 14.6 x A GeV/c silicon beams

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Eiseman, S.E.; Etkin, A.; Foley, K.J.; Hackenburg, R.W.; Longacre, R.S.; Love, W.A.; Morris, T.W.; Platner, E.D.; Saulys, A.C.; Lindenbaum, S.J.; Chan, C.S.; Kramer, M.A.; Zhao, K.; Hallman, T.J.; Madansky, L.; Bonner, B.E.; Buchanan, J.A.; Chiou, C.N.; Clement, J.M.; Corcoran, M.D.; Kruk, J.W.; Mutchler, G.S.; Nessi-Tedaldi, F.; Nessi, M.; Roberts, J.B.

1990-01-01

We present the results of a measurement of neutral V production with 14.6xA GeV/c Si beams on Au and Cu targets. The Λ and K s 0 yields were measured as a function of negative particle multiplicity. Effective temperatures were determined from an exponential fit to the transverse mass distributions. (orig.)

Silmakirjalike lubaduste konksu otsas / Qinglian He

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

He, Qinglian

2008-01-01

Kommunistliku partei valitsuse ajal ei ole Hiinas vaba ajakirjandust olnud, pärast Lhasa märtsirahutusi asus Hiina veelgi tugevamalt meediat kontrollima, et Tiibetis toimunut välismaailma ees varjata

Jupiteri püssirohuaidast koliti maa-arhiiv ... Mis edasi? / Tõnu Kann

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kann, Tõnu, 1957-

2009-01-01

Pärnus Pühavaimu 19 paikneva endise püssirohukeldri peale rajatud historitsistlikus stiilis arhiivi- ja võimlahoonest, mille projekteeris Riia arhitekt Wilhelm Bockslaff. Maja allkorrusel asus Tartusse viidud maa-arhiiv

Projekt "Challenger" / Jens Schröder

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Schröder, Jens, 1961-

2010-01-01

See oli okeanoloogia ajaloo esimene mastaapne teadusprojekt. 1872. aastal asus Briti korvett "HMS Challenger" teele kolme ja poole aastasele ekspeditsioonile ümber maakera. Teadlased uurisid võõraid rahvaid ja ookeanimaailma

Interferometric phase-contrast X-ray CT imaging of VX2 rabbit cancer at 35keV X-ray energy

Science.gov (United States)

Takeda, Tohoru; Wu, Jin; Tsuchiya, Yoshinori; Yoneyama, Akio; Lwin, Thet-Thet; Hyodo, Kazuyuki; Itai, Yuji

2004-05-01

Imaging of large objects at 17.7-keV low x-ray energy causes huge x-ray exposure to the objects even using interferometric phase-contrast x-ray CT (PCCT). Thus, we tried to obtain PCCT images at high x-ray energy of 35keV and examined the image quality using a formalin-fixed VX2 rabbit cancer specimen with 15-mm in diameter. The PCCT system consisted of an asymmetrically cut silicon (220) crystal, a monolithic x-ray interferometer, a phase-shifter, an object cell and an x-ray CCD camera. The PCCT at 35 keV clearly visualized various inner structures of VX2 rabbit cancer such as necrosis, cancer, the surrounding tumor vessels, and normal liver tissue. Besides, image-contrast was not degraded significantly. These results suggest that the PCCT at 35 KeV is sufficient to clearly depict the histopathological morphology of VX2 rabbit cancer specimen.

Characteristic K-shell x-ray production by protons below 500 keV

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wheeler, R.M.; Chaturvedi, R.P.; Zander, A.R.

1974-01-01

The total thick target yield of K-shell x-rays produced in Ni by incident protons over the energy range 90 to 415 keV was measured. Similar measurements with 130 to 415 keV protons were made for Ti, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn. The East Texas State University 150 keV Cockcroft--Walton accelerator was used to study Ni K-shell x-rays produced by 90 to 150 keV protons. The remaining data were taken with the SUNY College at Cortland 400 keV Van de Graaff generator. The characteristic x-rays were measured with high resolution Si(Li) detectors. Using the most recent values of K-shell fluorescent yields, x-ray ionization cross sections were calculated and compared to theoretical predictions based on the binary encounter approximation (BEA) model. It was found that even though the data were lower than those expected by the BEA theory, they lie on a universal curve. A comprehensive summary of x-ray ionization cross section references covering the proton energy range up to 500 keV is also included. Possible applications of low energy accelerators (E/sub p/ less than or equal to 500 keV) for further experimental work is discussed

Characterizing X-Ray and Radio Emission in the Black Hole X-Ray Binary V404 Cygni During Quiescence

Science.gov (United States)

Rana, Vikram; Loh, Alan; Corbel, Stephane; Tomsick, John A.; Chakrabarty, Deepto; Walton, Dominic J.; Barret, Didier; Boggs, Steven E.; Christensen, Finn E.; Craig, William;

Characteristic 8 keV X rays possess radiobiological properties of higher-LET radiation.

Science.gov (United States)

Shridhar, Ravi; Estabrook, William; Yudelev, Mark; Rakowski, Joseph; Burmeister, Jay; Wilson, George D; Joiner, Michael C

2010-03-01

Electronic brachytherapy systems are being developed that can deliver X rays of varying energy depending on the material of a secondary target. A copper target produces characteristic 8 keV X rays. Our aim was to determine whether 8 keV X rays might deliver greater biological effectiveness than megavoltage photons. Cells of the U251 human glioma cell line were used to compare the biological effects of 8 keV X rays and (60)Co gamma rays in terms of relative biological effectiveness (RBE), oxygen enhancement ratio (OER), and DNA damage. The RBE at 50% and 10% survival was 2.6 and 1.9, respectively. At 50% survival, the OER for cells treated with 8 keV X rays was 1.6 compared with 3.0 for (60)Co gamma rays. The numbers of H2AX foci per Gy after treatment with 8 keV X rays and (60)Co gamma rays were similar; however, the size of the foci generated at 8 keV was significantly larger, possibly indicating more complex DNA damage. The mean area of H2AX foci generated by 8 keV X rays was 0.785 microm(2) (95% CI: 0.756-0.814) compared with 0.491 microm(2) (95% CI: 0.462-0.520) for (60)Co gamma rays (P X rays produce two to three times the biological effectiveness of megavoltage photons, with a radiobiological profile similar to higher-LET radiations.

Relationship between type III-V radio and hard X-ray bursts

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stewart, R.T.

1978-01-01

Type III-V radio bursts are found to be closely associated with impulsive hard X-ray bursts. Probably 0.1% to 1% of the fast electrons in the X-ray source region escape to heights >0.1 solar radii in the corona and excite the type III-V burst. (Auth.)

Cross sections of neutron production with energies of 7,5-190 MeV in the p+A → n+X reaction at 1-9 GeV/c, π++A → n+X reaction at 1-6 GeV/c, π-+A → n+X reaction at 1,4 and 5 GeV/c

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bayukov, Yu.D.; Gavrilov, V.B.; Goryainov, N.A.

1983-01-01

The tables of cross sections of neutron production with energies 7.5-190 MeV for reactions p+A→n+X at 1-9 GeV/c, π + +A→n+X at 1-6 GeV/c and π - +A→n+X at 1.4 and 5 GeV/c are presented. A-dependence (for Be, C, Al, Ti, Fe, Cu, Nb, Cd, Sn, Ta, Pb and U targets) for incident 7.5 GeV/c protons and dependence on incident particle momentum (for protons at 1, 1.4, 2, 3, 5, 6, 6.25, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8.25, 8.5 and 9 GeV/c, for π + -mesons at 1, 1.4, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 GeV/c, π - -mesons at 1,4 and 5 GeV/c) for C, Cu, Pb, U targets are measured in detail, for secondary neutrons at 119 deg. Detailed angular dependences in the range from 10 deg to 160 deg are presented for C, Cu, Pb, U targets for incident 7.5 GeV/c protons and 5 GeV/c π - -mesons. Some of typical dependences are illustrated by diagrams

Energy-differential cross section measurement for the 51V(n,α)48Sc reaction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kanno, I.; Meadows, J.W.; Smith, D.L.

1984-07-01

The activation method was used to measure cross sections for the 51 V(n,α) 48 Sc reaction in the threshold region, from 5.515 MeV up to 9.567 MeV. Twenty approximately-monoenergetic cross section values were obtained in this experiment. These data points span the energy region at roughly equal intervals. The experimental resolutions were in the range 0.153 to 0.233 MeV (FWHM). The present differential data cover approx. 50% of the total integral response of this reaction for the standard 235 U thermal-neutron-induced-fission neutron spectrum, and approx. 44% of the corresponding response for the standard 252 Cf spontaneous-fission neutron spectrum. Over the range 7.6 to 9.5 MeV the present experimental cross sections are noticeably larger (e.g., by approx. 50% at approx. 8.6 MeV) than the corresponding values from the ENDF/B-V evaluation. From approx. 6.7 to 7.5 MeV, the present values are somewhat below those of ENDF/B-V. At still lower energies the agreement is reasonably good considering the uncertainties introduced by energy scale definition very near the effective threshold where the cross section varies rapidly with neutron energy. Calculated integral cross sections based in part on the present work agree reasonably well within errors with reported integral results, provided that the reported data are renormalized to conform with recently-accepted values for appropriate standard reactions. 70 references

An electrochemical study of the systems Li1+-xV2O4 and Li1-xVO2 (0≤x≤1)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

De Picciotto, L.A.; Thackeray, M.M.; Pistoia, G.

1988-01-01

Electrochemical properties of the systems Li 1±x V 2 O 4 (0≤x≤1), Li 1-x VO 2 (0≤x 2 O 4 is reversible, which confirms that lithium may be cycled, topotactically, in and out of the Li 1+x V 2 O 4 spinel structure. Delithiation of the LiV 2 O 4 spinel is irreversible; during this process the vanadium ions migrate through the oxide layers. This results in a defect rocksalt phase, which can, in turn, be relithiated by a different mechanism. Lithium extraction for the layered compound LiVO 2 yields a structure similar to the delithiated LiV 2 O 4 product. The spinel-derived compounds Li 1 +-x/V 2 O 4 (0 -3 Ω -1 cm -1 at x=0 and 10 -6 Ω -1 cm -1 at x=1. Lithium diffusion rates in Li 1±x V 2 O 4 samples increase with lithiation from D=4x10 -10 cm 2 /s in LiV 2 O 4 to D=6x10 -8 cm 2 /s in Li 2 V 2 O 4 . Intermediate values of D are obtained in the delithiated compound Li 0.28 V 2 O 4 and in the layered oxide LiVO 2 ; significantly lower values of D, viz. 1x10 -11 cm 2 /s and 4x10 -11 cm 2 /s , are found in the spinels LiMn 2 O 4 and Fe 3 O 4 respectively. 28 refs.; 5 figs.; 1 table

Color-Space-Based Visual-MIMO for V2X Communication †

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, Jai-Eun; Kim, Ji-Won; Park, Youngil; Kim, Ki-Doo

2016-01-01

In this paper, we analyze the applicability of color-space-based, color-independent visual-MIMO for V2X. We aim to achieve a visual-MIMO scheme that can maintain the original color and brightness while performing seamless communication. We consider two scenarios of GCM based visual-MIMO for V2X. One is a multipath transmission using visual-MIMO networking and the other is multi-node V2X communication. In the scenario of multipath transmission, we analyze the channel capacity numerically and we illustrate the significance of networking information such as distance, reference color (symbol), and multiplexing-diversity mode transitions. In addition, in the V2X scenario of multiple access, we may achieve the simultaneous multiple access communication without node interferences by dividing the communication area using image processing. Finally, through numerical simulation, we show the superior SER performance of the visual-MIMO scheme compared with LED-PD communication and show the numerical result of the GCM based visual-MIMO channel capacity versus distance. PMID:27120603

Phase analysis of Fe-B-V system

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Homolová, V.; Výrostková, A.; Čiripová, L.; Kroupa, Aleš

2013-01-01

Roč. 51, č. 2 (2013), s. 135-139 ISSN 0023-432X R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GAP108/10/1908 Institutional support: RVO:68081723 Keywords : CALPHAD method * Fe-B-V system * phase diagram Subject RIV: BJ - Thermodynamics Impact factor: 0.546, year: 2013

Investigation of complete and incomplete fusion in 20Ne + 51V system using recoil range measurement

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ali Sabir

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Recoil range distributions of evaporation residues, populated in 20Ne + 51V reaction at Elab ≈ 145 MeV, have been studied to determine the degree of momentum transferred through the complete and incomplete fusion reactions. Evaporation residues (ERs populated through the complete and incomplete fusion reactions have been identified on the basis of their recoil range in the Al catcher medium. Measured recoil range of evaporation residues have been compared with the theoretical value calculated using the code SRIM. Range integrated cross section of observed ERs have been compared with the value predicted by statistical model code PACE4.

Characterization of tank 51 sludge samples (HTF-51-17-44/ HTF-51-17-48) in support of sludge batch 10 processing

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oji, L. N. [Savannah River Site (SRS), Aiken, SC (United States). Savannah River National Lab. (SRNL)

2017-08-17

The Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) was requested by Savannah River Remediation (SRR) Engineering (SRR-E) to provide sample characterization and analyses of Tank 51 sludge samples in support of Sludge Batch (SB) 10. The two Tank 51 sludge samples were sampled and delivered to SRNL in May of 2017. These two tank 51 sludge samples were combined into one composite sample and analyzed for corrosion controls analytes, select radionuclides, chemical elements, density and weight percent total solids and aluminum hydroxides (gibbsite and boehmite) by x-ray diffraction.

Shielded radiography with a laser-driven MeV-energy X-ray source

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chen, Shouyuan; Golovin, Grigory [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588 (United States); Miller, Cameron [Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (United States); Haden, Daniel; Banerjee, Sudeep; Zhang, Ping; Liu, Cheng; Zhang, Jun; Zhao, Baozhen [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588 (United States); Clarke, Shaun; Pozzi, Sara [Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (United States); Umstadter, Donald, E-mail: donald.umstadter@unl.edu [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588 (United States)

2016-01-01

We report the results of experimental and numerical-simulation studies of shielded radiography using narrowband MeV-energy X-rays from a compact all-laser-driven inverse-Compton-scattering X-ray light source. This recently developed X-ray light source is based on a laser-wakefield accelerator with ultra-high-field gradient (GeV/cm). We demonstrate experimentally high-quality radiographic imaging (image contrast of 0.4 and signal-to-noise ratio of 2:1) of a target composed of 8-mm thick depleted uranium shielded by 80-mm thick steel, using a 6-MeV X-ray beam with a spread of 45% (FWHM) and 10{sup 7} photons in a single shot. The corresponding dose of the X-ray pulse measured in front of the target is ∼100 nGy/pulse. Simulations performed using the Monte-Carlo code MCNPX accurately reproduce the experimental results. These simulations also demonstrate that the narrow bandwidth of the Compton X-ray source operating at 6 and 9 MeV leads to a reduction of deposited dose as compared to broadband bremsstrahlung sources with the same end-point energy. The X-ray beam’s inherently low-divergence angle (∼mrad) is advantageous and effective for interrogation at standoff distance. These results demonstrate significant benefits of all-laser driven Compton X-rays for shielded radiography.

First-principles calculations of a half-metallic ferromagnet zinc blende Zn{sub 1−x}V{sub x}Te

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

El Amine Monir, M.; Baltache, H. [Laboratoire de Physique Quantique de la Modélisation Mathématique (LPQ3M), Université de Mascara, 29000 (Algeria); Khenata, R., E-mail: khenata_rabah@yahoo.fr [Laboratoire de Physique Quantique de la Modélisation Mathématique (LPQ3M), Université de Mascara, 29000 (Algeria); Murtaza, G. [Materials Modeling Laboratory, Department of Physics, Islamia College University, Peshawar (Pakistan); Azam, Sikander [New Technologies-Research Center, University of West Bohemia, Univerzitni 8, 306 14 Pilsen (Czech Republic); Bouhemadou, A. [Laboratory for Developing New Materials and their Characterization, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University Setif 1, 19000 Setif (Algeria); Al-Douri, Y. [Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, University Malaysia Perlis, 01000 Kangar, Perlis (Malaysia); Bin Omran, S. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451 (Saudi Arabia); Ali, Roshan [Materials Modeling Lab, Department of Physics, Post Graduate Jahanzeb College, Swat (Pakistan)

2015-03-15

First-principles calculations have been used to study the structural, elastic, electronic, magnetic and thermal properties of zinc blende Zn{sub 1−x}V{sub x}Te for x=0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1 using the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method (FP-LAPW) based on spin-polarized density functional theory (DFT). The electronic exchange-correlation potential is approached using the spin generalized gradient approximation (spin-GGA). The structural properties of the Zn{sub 1−x}V{sub x}Te alloys (x=0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1) are given for the lattice constants and the bulk moduli and their pressure derivatives. The elastic constants C{sub 11}, C{sub 12} and C{sub 44} are calculated using numerical first-principles calculations implemented in the WIEN2k package. An analysis of the band structures and the densities of states reveals that Zn{sub 0.50}V{sub 0.50}Te and Zn{sub 0.75}V{sub 0.25}Te exhibit a half-metallic character, while Zn{sub 0.25}V{sub 0.75}Te is nearly half-metallic. The band structure calculations are used to estimate the spin-polarized splitting energies Δ{sub x}(d) and Δ{sub x}(pd) produced by the V(3d)-doped and s(p)–d exchange constants N{sub 0α} (conduction band) and N{sub 0β} (valence band). The p–d hybridization reduces the magnetic moment of V from its atomic charge value of 3µ{sub B} and creates small local magnetic moments on the nonmagnetic Zn and Te sites. Finally, we present the thermal effect on the macroscopic properties of these alloys, such as the thermal expansion coefficient, heat capacity and Debye temperature, based on the quasi-harmonic Debye model. - Highlights: • Some physical properties of Vanadium doped ZnTe have been investigated. • Structural parameters for the parent compounds compare well with the available data. • The elastic and thermal properties are studied for the first time.

Transformation behavior and shape memory characteristics of thermo-mechanically treated Ti–(45−x)Ni–5Cu–xV (at%) alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jang, Jae-young; Chun, Su-jin [Division of Materials Scince and Engineering and ERI, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju, Gyeongnam 660-701 (Korea, Republic of); Choi, Eunsoo [Department of Civil Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Liu, Yinong; Yang, Hong [School of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009 (Australia); Nam, Tae-hyun, E-mail: tahynam@gnu.ac.kr [Division of Materials Scince and Engineering and ERI, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju, Gyeongnam 660-701 (Korea, Republic of)

2012-10-15

Transformation behavior, shape memory characteristics and superelasticity of thermo-mechanically treated Ti–(45−x)Ni–5Cu–xV (at%) (x = 0.5–2.0) alloys were investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractions, thermal cycling tests under constant load and tensile tests. The B2–B19′ transformation occurred when V content was 0.5 at%, above which the B2–B19–B19′ transformation occurred. The B2–B19 transformation was not separated clearly from the B19–B19′ transformation. Thermo-mechanically treated Ti–(45−x)Ni–5Cu–xV alloys showed perfect shape memory effect and transformation hysteresis(ΔT) of Ti–43.5Ni–5.0Cu–1.5V and Ti–43.0Ni–5.0Cu–2.0V alloys was about 9 K which was much smaller than that of a Ti–44.5Ni–5.0Cu–0.5V alloy(23.3 K). More than 90% of superelastic recovery ratio was observed in all specimens and transformation hysteresis (Δσ) of a Ti–44.5Ni–5.0Cu–0.5V alloy was about 70 MPa, which was much larger than that of a Ti–43.0Ni–5.0Cu–2.0V alloy (35 MPa).

Proximity effects on the spin density waves in X/Cr(001) multilayers (X = Sn, V, and Mn)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Amitouche, F. [Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Quantique, Universite Mouloud Mammeri de Tizi-Ouzou, B.P. No17 RP, 15000 Tizi-Ouzou (Algeria); Bouarab, S., E-mail: bouarab_said@mail.ummto.d [Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Quantique, Universite Mouloud Mammeri de Tizi-Ouzou, B.P. No17 RP, 15000 Tizi-Ouzou (Algeria); Tazibt, S. [Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Quantique, Universite Mouloud Mammeri de Tizi-Ouzou, B.P. No17 RP, 15000 Tizi-Ouzou (Algeria); Vega, A. [Departamento de Fisica Teorica, Atomica y Optica, Universidad de Valladolid, Prado de la Magdalena s/n, E-47011 Valladolid (Spain); Demangeat, C. [Institut de Physique, 3 rue de l' Universite 67000 Strasbourg (France)

2011-01-03

We present ab initio density functional calculations of the electronic structure and magnetic properties of X{sub 2}/Cr{sub 36}(001) and X{sub 1}/Cr{sub 37}(001) multilayers, with X = Sn, V and Mn, to investigate the impact of the proximity effects of the X layers on the spin density waves of the Cr slab. We find different magnetic profiles corresponding to the spin density wave and to the layered antiferromagnetic configurations. The nature of the different magnetic solutions is discussed in terms of the different interfacial environments in the proximity of Sn, V or Mn. The magnetic behavior at the interface is discussed in connection with the electronic structure through the density of electronic states projected at the interfacial X and Cr sites. We compare the results with those previously obtained for Fe{sub 3}/X{sub 1}/Cr{sub 37}/X{sub 1}(001) multilayers to analyze the role played by the ferromagnetic iron slab.

Proximity effects on the spin density waves in X/Cr(001) multilayers (X = Sn, V, and Mn)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Amitouche, F.; Bouarab, S.; Tazibt, S.; Vega, A.; Demangeat, C.

2011-01-01

We present ab initio density functional calculations of the electronic structure and magnetic properties of X 2 /Cr 36 (001) and X 1 /Cr 37 (001) multilayers, with X = Sn, V and Mn, to investigate the impact of the proximity effects of the X layers on the spin density waves of the Cr slab. We find different magnetic profiles corresponding to the spin density wave and to the layered antiferromagnetic configurations. The nature of the different magnetic solutions is discussed in terms of the different interfacial environments in the proximity of Sn, V or Mn. The magnetic behavior at the interface is discussed in connection with the electronic structure through the density of electronic states projected at the interfacial X and Cr sites. We compare the results with those previously obtained for Fe 3 /X 1 /Cr 37 /X 1 (001) multilayers to analyze the role played by the ferromagnetic iron slab.

The 150 kV cp microfocus X-ray unit

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Fontijn, L.A.

1979-01-01

Development of microfocus X-ray technique is defined. Advantages on other methods, principle of operation and the material comprising an intense electron source imaged on an X-ray target by means of a double magnetic lense system, are described. Resolution value at 150 kV is the imaging of a 0.1 mm

First-principles study on half-metallic ferromagnetic properties of Zn1- x V x Se ternary alloys

Science.gov (United States)

Khatta, Swati; Tripathi, S. K.; Prakash, Satya

2017-09-01

The spin-polarised density functional theory along with self-consistent plane-wave pseudopotential is used to investigate the half-metallic ferromagnetic properties of ternary alloys Zn1- x V x Se. The generalized gradient approximation is used for exchange-correlation potential. The equilibrium lattice constants, bulk modulus, and its derivatives are calculated. The calculated spin-polarised energy-band structures reveal that these alloys are half-metallic for x = 0.375 and 0.50 and nearly half-metallic for other values of x. The estimated direct and indirect bandgaps may be useful for the magneto-optical absorption experiments. It is found that there is strong Zn 4s, Se 4p, and V 3d orbital hybridization in the conduction bands of both the spins, while Se 4p and V 3d orbital hybridization predominates in the valence bands of both the spins. The s, p-d, and p-d orbital hybridization reduces the local magnetic moment of V atoms and small local magnetic moments are produced on Zn and Se atoms which get coupled with V atoms in ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases, respectively. The conduction and valence-band-edge splittings and exchange constants predict the ferromagnetism in these alloys. The conduction band-impurity (s and p-d) exchange interaction is more significant for ferromagnetism in these alloys than the valence band-impurity (p-d) exchange interaction.

K X-Ray production cross sections for 40-180 keV protons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Szegedi, S.; Hassan, M.F.

2002-01-01

In view of the importance of the X-ray production cross-section for the determination of element concentration in a given material, we have measured them experimentally for light elements Sc and Fe using proton beams of energy between 40 and 180 keV. The obtained K X-ray production cross-section is compared with the previous experimental results. The experimental K X-ray production cross-section for proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis, using low energy (200 keV) accelerator, have been improved

Sub-keV, subnanosecond measurements of x-ray spectra from laser-produced plasmas

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kornblum, H.N.; Koppel, L.N.; Slivinsky, V.W.; Glaros, S.S.; Ahlstrom, H.G.; Larsen, J.T.

1977-01-01

As part of the effort to extend our x-ray diagnostic capabilities, we have made x-ray spectral measurements of laser-produced plasmas for photon energies down to 100 eV with a time response of 0.5 nsec. Fast, windowless x-ray diodes were used in conjunction with critical angle reflecting mirrors and thin filters for energy definition for two channels, 300 to 600 eV and 800 to 1300 eV. A third channel, using only an x-ray diode and filter, provided spectral information in the 100 to 300 eV region. Results from exploding pusher targets will be presented and compared with those of other diagnostic techniques and Lasnex calculations. Future expansion and modifications of the present system will be discussed

Hyperfine properties of La(V{sub 1−x}Fe{sub x})O{sub 3} compounds

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tupan, L. F. S.; Ivashita, F. F.; Barco, R. [Universidade Estadual de Maringá (Brazil); Hallouche, B. [Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul (Brazil); Paesano, A., E-mail: paesano@wnet.com.br [Universidade Estadual de Maringá (Brazil)

2017-11-15

LaV{sub 1−x}Fe{sub x}O{sub 3} perovskites were synthesized in the vanadium-rich concentration range (i.e., x < 0.5) and characterized structurally and for the hyperfine properties of the iron nuclear probe. The aim of this investigation was to better understand the physical transformations that take place in the undoped compound (LaVO{sub 3}) at low temperatures. For that, X-ray diffraction analysis and, more extensively, {sup 57}Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy were applied. The results revealed that the LaV{sub 1}-xFexO{sub 3} vanadium-rich perovskites are orthorhombic at RT, and their lattice parameters decrease with increasing vanadium concentration. Lowering the temperature, the system becomes magnetic, with the iron moment freezing progressively. The presence of two magnetic subspectral components obtained at the lowest measurement temperatures suggests that the vanadium-rich samples, including LaVO{sub 3}, undergo a phase transition from an orthorhombic to a monoclinic structure at low temperatures.

Facilities and techniques for x-ray diagnostic calibration in the 100-eV to 100-keV energy range

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gaines, J.L.; Wittmayer, F.J.

1986-01-01

The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) has been a pioneer in the field of x-ray diagnostic calibration for more than 20 years. The authors built steady state x-ray sources capable of supplying fluorescent lines of high spectral purity in the 100-eV to 100-keV energy range, and these sources have been used in the calibration of x-ray detectors, mirrors, crystals, filters, and film. This paper discusses their calibration philosophy and techniques, and describes some of the x-ray sources. Examples of actual calibration data are presented as well

Facilities and Techniques for X-Ray Diagnostic Calibration in the 100-eV to 100-keV Energy Range

Science.gov (United States)

Gaines, J. L.; Wittmayer, F. J.

1986-08-01

The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) has been a pioneer in the field of x-ray diagnostic calibration for more than 20 years. We have built steady state x-ray sources capable of supplying fluorescent lines of high spectral purity in the 100-eV to 100-keV energy range, and these sources have been used in the calibration of x-ray detectors, mirrors, crystals, filters, and film. This paper discusses our calibration philosophy and techniques, and describes some of our x-ray sources. Examples of actual calibration data are presented as well.

Facilities and techniques for x-ray diagnostic calibration in the 100-eV to 100-keV energy range

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gaines, J.L.; Wittmayer, F.J.

1986-06-01

The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) has been a pioneer in the field of x-ray diagnostic calibration for more than 20 years. We have built steady state x-ray sources capable of supplying fluorescent lines of high spectral purity in the 100-eV to 100-keV energy range, and these sources have been used in the calibration of x-ray detectors, mirrors, crystals, filters, and film. This paper discusses our calibration philosophy and techniques, and describes some of our x-ray sources. Examples of actual calibration data are presented as well

Radiation-induced conduction under high electric field (1 x 106 to 1 x 108 V/m) in polyethylene-terephthalate

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Maeda, H.; Kurashige, M.; Ito, D.; Nakakita, T.

1978-01-01

Radiation-induced conduction in polyethylene-terephthalate (PET) has been measured under high electric field (1.0 x 10 6 to 1.6 x 10 8 V/m). In a 6-μm-thick PET film, saturation of the radiation-induced current occurs at field strengths above 1.2 x 10 8 V/m. This has been demonstrated by the thickness and dose rate dependence of the induced current. Radiation-induced conductivity increases monotonically with field strength, then shows a saturation tendency. This may be explained by geminate recombination. Above 1 x 10 8 V/m, slowly increasing radiation-induced current appears. This may be caused by electron injection from the cathode, enhanced by the accumulation of the hetero space charges near it

Infrared study of the electronic phase diagram of Cr{sub 1-x}V{sub x}N

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Meggle, Fabian; Kuntscher, Christine [Experimentalphysik II, Universitaet Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg (Germany); Ebad-Allah, Jihaan [Experimentalphysik II, Universitaet Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg (Germany); Department of Physics, University of Tanta, 31527 Tanta (Egypt); Rivadulla, Francisco [Center for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela (Spain); Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela (Spain)

2016-07-01

Transition-metal nitrides have attracted great interest due to their mechanical and physical properties, which are useful for improving technological applications. Several studies suggested that doping CrN with vanadium could lead to thermoelectric materials, which have optimal mechanical and chemical properties. CrN is a narrow gap, correlation-induced, semiconductor. Increasing vanadium doping in Cr{sub 1-x}V{sub x}N leads to a gradual suppression of the resistivity and a transition to itinerant-electron behavior through several phases including superconductivity in VN. Here we report the results of a study on the electronic and vibrational properties of Cr{sub 1-x}V{sub x}N powder pellets by reflection measurements in the infrared and visible frequency ranges at ambient conditions. Furthermore, we carried out resistivity measurements to confirm the behaviour of the optical conductivity at low energy.

Accuracy evaluation of a Compton X-ray spectrometer with bremsstrahlung X-rays generated by a 6 MeV electron bunch

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kojima, Sadaoki, E-mail: kojima-s@ile.osaka-u.ac.jp; Arikawa, Yasunobu; Zhang, Zhe; Ikenouchi, Takahito; Morace, Alessio; Nagai, Takahiro; Abe, Yuki; Sakata, Shouhei; Inoue, Hiroaki; Utsugi, Masaru; Nakai, Mitsuo; Nishimura, Hiroaki; Shiraga, Hiroyuki; Fujioka, Shinsuke; Azechi, Hiroshi [Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 (Japan); Nishimura, Yasuhiko; Togawa, Hiromi [Toyota Technical Development Corporation, 1-21 Imae, Hanamoto-cho, Toyota, Aichi 470-0334 (Japan); Ozaki, Tetsuo [National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshicho, Toki, Gifu 509-5292 (Japan); Kato, Ryukou [The Institute of Science and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka (Japan)

2014-11-15

A Compton-scattering-based X-ray spectrometer is developed to obtain the energy distribution of fast electrons produced by intense laser and matter interactions. Bremsstrahlung X-rays generated by fast electrons in a material are used to measure fast electrons’ energy distribution in matter. In the Compton X-ray spectrometer, X-rays are converted into recoil electrons by Compton scattering in a converter made from fused silica glass, and a magnet-based electron energy analyzer is used to measure the energy distribution of the electrons that recoil in the direction of the incident X-rays. The spectrum of the incident X-rays is reconstructed from the energy distribution of the recoil electrons. The accuracy of this spectrometer is evaluated using a quasi-monoenergetic 6 MeV electron bunch that emanates from a linear accelerator. An electron bunch is injected into a 1.5 mm thick tungsten plate to produce bremsstrahlung X-rays. The spectrum of these bremsstrahlung X-rays is obtained in the range from 1 to 9 MeV. The energy of the electrons in the bunch is estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation of particle-matter interactions. The result shows that the spectrometer's energy accuracy is ±0.5 MeV for 6.0 MeV electrons.

Flare Characteristics from X-ray Light Curves

Science.gov (United States)

Gryciuk, M.; Siarkowski, M.; Sylwester, J.; Gburek, S.; Podgorski, P.; Kepa, A.; Sylwester, B.; Mrozek, T.

2017-06-01

A new methodology is given to determine basic parameters of flares from their X-ray light curves. Algorithms are developed from the analysis of small X-ray flares occurring during the deep solar minimum of 2009, between Solar Cycles 23 and 24, observed by the Polish Solar Photometer in X-rays (SphinX) on the Complex Orbital Observations Near-Earth of Activity of the Sun-Photon (CORONAS- Photon) spacecraft. One is a semi-automatic flare detection procedure that gives start, peak, and end times for single ("elementary") flare events under the assumption that the light curve is a simple convolution of a Gaussian and exponential decay functions. More complex flares with multiple peaks can generally be described by a sum of such elementary flares. Flare time profiles in the two energy ranges of SphinX (1.16 - 1.51 keV, 1.51 - 15 keV) are used to derive temperature and emission measure as a function of time during each flare. The result is a comprehensive catalogue - the SphinX Flare Catalogue - which contains 1600 flares or flare-like events and is made available for general use. The methods described here can be applied to observations made by Geosynchronous Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES), the Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) and other broad-band spectrometers.

Photoluminescence measurements of the 1,55 eV band of Ge doped Al sub(x)Ga sub(1-x)As

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Furtado, M.T.; Weid, J.P. von der.

1984-01-01

The photoluminescence of the 1,55 eV band of Ge doped Al sub(x)Ga sub(1-x)As, with x=0.30-0.33, grown by liquid phase epitaxy is presented. The broad shape was found to be due to a lattice relaxation upon optical transitions. Resonant modes with (h/2π)ω sub(q) approx. 35 + - 2 meV and (h/2π) ω sub(q) approx. 45 + - 2 meV are found for the optical band, yielding a zero phonon transition energy - 1.73 + - 0.02 eV and a Franck-Condon shift approx. 0.17-0.20 eV for the optical center. The activation energy of thermal quenching yields an associated donnor binding energy of 0.17 + - 0.04 eV. Possible mechanisms for the radiative transitions are discussed. (Author) [pt

Spectral and spatial characteristics of x-ray film/screen combinations up to x-ray energy of 3 MeV

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ginzburg, A.; Carmel, Y.; Segal, Y.; Notea, A.

1986-01-01

The present study is directed towards quantifying some of the parameters which define the quality of the image obtained on x-ray sensitive films and its usual accompanying intensifying screens. Both industrial (Agfa-Geveart D2,D4,D7) and medical (Kodak XAR-5) films with a variety of screens such as metallic (lead) and fluorescent (calcium tungstate, rare earth) were compared. A variety of sources were employed (radioactive, linear accelerators, flash) in order to cover the average x-ray energy spectrum from 100KeV to 3000KeV. This energy spectrum is of interest for non destructive testing, terminal ballistics and for medical purposes. The results indicate that the sensitivity of industrial x-ray films decreases with energy in the range of 100KeV to 1MeV, levels off and increases again with increasing energy. A 2.75MeV Na 24 radioactive source was used to achieve accurate calibration at the high end of the spectrum. Also, the noise level of x-ray industrial films versus film density was found to peak at a density of D=1.4. The line spread function (LSF) - or resolution - of both industrial and medical film/screen combinations were derived from the optical density of a step wedge response on the film. The noise level of medical films is twice as high compared to industrial films and their LSF is 4 to 8 times larger at x-ray energies of 3MeV. Using Pb screens in contact with common industrial x-ray films yields amplification of 2 (compared to a bare film)

Hexagonal perovskites with cationic vacancies. 24. Rhombohedral 9 L stacking polytypes in the systems Ba/sub 3/Wsub(2-x)sup(VI)Msub(x)sup(V)vacantOsub(9-x/2)vacantsub(x/2) with Msup(V) = Nb, Ta

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kemmler-Sack, S [Tuebingen Univ. (Germany, F.R.). Lehrstuhl fuer Anorganische Chemie 2

1980-12-01

In the system Ba/sub 3/Wsub(2-x)sup(VI)Nbsub(x)sup(V)vacantOsub(9-x/2)vacantsub(x/2) stacking polytypes of rhombohedral 9 L type (sequence (hhc)/sub 3/; space group R-3m) can be prepared with approximately 1/3 <= x <= 2. For x = 2(Ba/sub 3/Nb/sub 2/vacantO/sub 8/vacant) two modifications are formed. In the corresponding Ta system the phase width is reduced to a smaller region with x approximately 1/3.

Diffuse cosmic x-rays below 1 keV

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kraushaar, W.L.

1973-01-01

A description of those features of the low energy diffuse x-ray flux on which there is general observational agreement is given. Most of the discussion is restricted to the energy region below 280 eV, the carbon K edge. Topics include intensity, spatial structure, nature of the local emission, and the extragalactic component. It is concluded that the diffuse soft x-ray measurements cannot, taken alone, be said to provide positive evidence for a hot dense intergalactic medium. (U.S.)

A study on magnetoelastic properties of Tb3 (Fe28-xCox) V1.0 (x=0, 3, 6) compounds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gholizadeh, A.; Tajabor, N.; Pourarian, F.

2012-01-01

In this work, The magnetoelastic properties of polycrystalline samples of Tb 3 (Fe 28-x Co x ) V 1.0 (x=0, 3, 6) intermetallic compounds are investigated by means of linear thermal expansion and magnetostriction measurements in the temperature range of 77-515 K under applied magnetic fields up to 1.5 T. The linear thermal expansion increases with the Co content. The well-defined anomalies observed in the linear thermal expansion coefficients for Tb 3 (Fe 28-x Co x ) V 1.0 (x=0, 3, 6) compounds are associated with the magnetic ordering temperature for x=0 and spin reorientation temperatures for x=3, 6. Below transition temperatures, the value of the longitudinal magnetostriction (λ Pa ) at 1.6 T increases with Co content.

Recent achievements in multi-keV x-ray microscopy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Susini, J.; Barrett, R.; Salome, M.; Kaulich, B.

2002-01-01

X-ray microscopy (XRM) techniques are emerging as powerful and complementary tools for sub-micron investigations. Soft XRM traditionally offers the possibility to form direct images of thick hydrated biological material in near-native environments, at a spatial resolution well beyond that achievable with visible light microscopy. Natural contrast is available in the soft X-ray region, in the so-called 'water-window', due to the presence of absorption edges of the major constituents (C,N,O). Recent advances in manufacturing techniques have enlarged the accessible energy range of micro-focusing optics and offer new applications in a broad range of disciplines. XRM in the 1-20 keV energy range is better suited to map trace elements in fluorescence yield, 3-D tomographic imaging and in micro-diffraction. After a brief introduction to the principles and methods, the main attributes of X-ray microscopy will be presented. This presentation will be biased towards sub-micron microscopy developed at the ESRF in the 2-10 keV energy. Strengths and weaknesses of X-ray microscopy and spectro-microscopy techniques will be discussed and illustrated by examples in biology, materials sciences and geology. (authors)

Multi-keV x-ray sources from metal-lined cylindrical hohlraums

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jacquet, L.; Girard, F.; Primout, M.; Villette, B.; Stemmler, Ph. [CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon (France)

2012-08-15

As multi-keV x-ray sources, plastic hohlraums with inner walls coated with titanium, copper, and germanium have been fired on Omega in September 2009. For all the targets, the measured and calculated multi-keV x-ray power time histories are in a good qualitative agreement. In the same irradiation conditions, measured multi-keV x-ray conversion rates are {approx}6%-8% for titanium, {approx}2% for copper, and {approx}0.5% for germanium. For titanium and copper hohlraums, the measured conversion rates are about two times higher than those given by hydroradiative computations. Conversely, for the germanium hohlraum, a rather good agreement is found between measured and computed conversion rates. To explain these findings, multi-keV integrated emissivities calculated with RADIOM [M. Busquet, Phys. Fluids 85, 4191 (1993)], the nonlocal-thermal-equilibrium atomic physics model used in our computations, have been compared to emissivities obtained from different other models. These comparisons provide an attractive way to explain the discrepancies between experimental and calculated quantitative results.

Multi-keV x-ray sources from metal-lined cylindrical hohlraums

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jacquet, L.; Girard, F.; Primout, M.; Villette, B.; Stemmler, Ph.

2012-01-01

As multi-keV x-ray sources, plastic hohlraums with inner walls coated with titanium, copper, and germanium have been fired on Omega in September 2009. For all the targets, the measured and calculated multi-keV x-ray power time histories are in a good qualitative agreement. In the same irradiation conditions, measured multi-keV x-ray conversion rates are ∼6%-8% for titanium, ∼2% for copper, and ∼0.5% for germanium. For titanium and copper hohlraums, the measured conversion rates are about two times higher than those given by hydroradiative computations. Conversely, for the germanium hohlraum, a rather good agreement is found between measured and computed conversion rates. To explain these findings, multi-keV integrated emissivities calculated with RADIOM [M. Busquet, Phys. Fluids 85, 4191 (1993)], the nonlocal-thermal-equilibrium atomic physics model used in our computations, have been compared to emissivities obtained from different other models. These comparisons provide an attractive way to explain the discrepancies between experimental and calculated quantitative results.

Multi-keV x-ray sources from metal-lined cylindrical hohlraums

Science.gov (United States)

Jacquet, L.; Girard, F.; Primout, M.; Villette, B.; Stemmler, Ph.

2012-08-01

As multi-keV x-ray sources, plastic hohlraums with inner walls coated with titanium, copper, and germanium have been fired on Omega in September 2009. For all the targets, the measured and calculated multi-keV x-ray power time histories are in a good qualitative agreement. In the same irradiation conditions, measured multi-keV x-ray conversion rates are ˜6%-8% for titanium, ˜2% for copper, and ˜0.5% for germanium. For titanium and copper hohlraums, the measured conversion rates are about two times higher than those given by hydroradiative computations. Conversely, for the germanium hohlraum, a rather good agreement is found between measured and computed conversion rates. To explain these findings, multi-keV integrated emissivities calculated with RADIOM [M. Busquet, Phys. Fluids 85, 4191 (1993)], the nonlocal-thermal-equilibrium atomic physics model used in our computations, have been compared to emissivities obtained from different other models. These comparisons provide an attractive way to explain the discrepancies between experimental and calculated quantitative results.

Hard X-ray variability of V404 Cygni during the 2015 outburst

Science.gov (United States)

Sánchez-Fernández, C.; Kajava, J. J. E.; Motta, S. E.; Kuulkers, E.

2017-06-01

Aims: Hard X-ray spectra of black hole binaries (BHB) are produced by Comptonization of soft seed photons by hot electrons near the black hole. The slope of the resulting energy spectra is governed by two main parameters: the electron temperature (Te) and optical depth (τ) of the emitting plasma. Given the extreme brightness of V404 Cyg during the 2015 outburst, we aim to constrain the source spectral properties using an unprecedented time resolution in hard X-rays, and to monitor the evolution of Te and τ over the outburst. Methods: We have extracted and analysed 602 X-ray spectra of V404 Cyg obtained by the IBIS/ISGRI instrument on-board INTEGRAL during the 2015 June outburst, using effective integration times ranging between 8 and 176 000 s. We fitted the resulting spectra in the 20-200 keV energy range. Results: We find that while the light curve and soft X-ray spectra of V404 Cyg are remarkably different from those of other BHBs, the spectral evolution of V404 Cyg in hard X-rays and the relations between the spectral parameters are consistent with those observed in other BHBs. We identify a hard branch in which the Te is anti-correlated with the hard X-ray flux, and a soft flaring branch in which the relation reverses. In addition, we find that during long X-ray plateaus detected at intermediate fluxes, the thermal Comptonization models fail to describe the spectra. However, the statistics improve if we allow NH to vary freely in the fits to these spectra. Conclusions: We conclude that the hard branch in V404 Cyg is analogous to the canonical hard state of BHBs. V404 Cyg never seems to enter the canonical soft state, although the soft flaring branch bears resemblance to the BHB intermediate state and ultra-luminous state. The X-ray plateaus are likely the result of absorption by a Compton-thick outflow (NH ≳ 1024 cm-2) which reduces the observed flux by a factor of about 10. Variable covering of the central source by this Compton-thick material may be the

Specific heat of V3GaH/sub x/

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cort, B.; Stewart, G.R.; Huang, S.Z.; Meng, R.L.; Chu, C.W.

1981-01-01

Specific-heat measurements have been made on V 3 GaH/sub x/ for x = 0, 0.2, 1.4, and 1.9 in the temperature range 1.2--20 K. In addition to increased lattice parameter and depressed transition temperature with increased hydrogen concentrations, the Debye temperature increases and the electronic density of states drops, both dramatically. Decreased electron-phonon coupling is also indicated with hydrogenation

X irradiation of human epidermis in vitro. 2. Comparison of single 44 kV and 200 kV X irradiation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wollina, U; Fueller, J; Burger, B; Hipler, C

1989-01-01

On the example of the reduction of epidermal adhesion of FITC wheat germ agglutinine (WGA) the direct membrane effect of a single X irradiation (44 kV and 220 kV) was analyzed in vitro. Human normal skin and psoriasis centres were compared. Normal skin showed no alteration of microscopically visible FITC-WGA adhesion on epidermal cells over the whole dose range. Foci of psoriasis responded to doses of /ge/ 5 Gy (44 and 220 kV) with a drastic reduction of epidermal lectin binding to lower and medium cell layers. Maximum efficacy was with 5 Gy (44 kV) or 10 Gy (220 kV). A dose elevation up to 20 Gy did not result in an increase of efficacy. Topographically the radiosensitive FITC-WGA adhesion could chiefly be seen in the dermal ridges. The findings support the impression of an increased radiosensitivity of the lesional psoriatic epidermis compared with normal skin. This is connected with an abnormal differentiation of keratinocytes in psoriasis. (author).

2 x 2 TeV mu(superscript +) mu (superscript) collider

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mokhov, N.V.; Noble, R.J.

1996-10-01

The scenarios for high-luminosity 2 x 2 TeV and 250 x 250 GeV μ + μ - colliders are presented. Having a high physics potential, such a machine has specific physics and technical advantages and disadvantages when compared with an e + e - collider. Parameters for the candidate designs and the basic components - proton source, pion production and decay channel, cooling, acceleration and collider storage ring - are considered. Attention is paid to the areas mostly affecting the collider performance: targetry, energy spread, superconducting magnet survival, detector backgrounds, polarization, environmental issues. 13 refs., 9 figs., 4 tabs

Archaeological Pilot Study of the Gallows Hill in Tartu / Martin Malve, Anu Kivirüüt, Raido Roog ... [jt.

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2013-01-01

Esimene teade Tartu võllamäest pärineb 1558. aastast. Võllas oli kasutusel 18. sajandi keskpaigani, hiljem asus samas paigas tuuleveski. Eeluuringute käigus ei paljandunud ühtegi konstruktsiooni ega leidu, mis kindlalt viitaks kesk- ja varauusaegsele hukkamispaigale

ABSENTIZEM IN FLUKTUACIJA V POSLOVALNICAH PODJETJA X d. o. o.

OpenAIRE

Janc, Mojca

2011-01-01

V diplomskem delu smo predstavili problem absentizma in fluktuacije v poslovalnicah podjetja X d. o. o.. Diplomsko nalogo smo razdelili na teoretični in empirični del. V teoretičnem delu smo opredelili absentizem, opisali vrste absentizma, našteli vzroke, ki vplivajo nanj, podrobneje opisali zdravstveni absentizem, našteli njegove vzroke, prikazali gibanje zdravstvenega absentizma v Sloveniji in ga primerjali z drugimi državami Evropske unije. Našteli smo tudi ključne elemente, za obvladovanj...

Measurement of the G-value for 1. 5 keV X-rays

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Freyer, J.P.; Schillaci, M.E.; Raju, M.R. (Los Alamos National Lab., NM (USA))

1989-12-01

Using a ferrous sulfate solution modified by the addition of benzoic acid, the authors measured relative G-values for Al{sub k} characteristic X-rays (1.5keV), {sup 238}Pu {alpha}-particles (3.7MeV), {sup 60}Co (1.17 MeV) and {sup 137}Cs (0.66 MeV){gamma}-rays. Relative ferrous-to-ferric conversions as a function of dose were similar for the two {gamma}-ray energies, yielding G-values of 1.62 and 1.59 {mu}mol J{sup -1} for the {sup 60}Co and {sup 137}Cs radiations. The {alpha}-particle G-value was 0.52 {mu}mol J{sup -1}, or 31% of that for {sup 60}Co {gamma}-rays. The Al{sub k} X-rays had a G-value of 0.92 {mu}mol J{sup -1} or 57% of that of the {sup 60}Co radiation. This G-value for 1.5 keV X-rays is within 20% of values predicted by current theories, and theoretical values are within the error range of the authors' measurements. (author).

W/SiC X-ray multilayers optimized for use above 100 keV

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Windt, D.L.; Dongey, S.; Hailey, C.J.

2002-01-01

-derived optical constants, which we determined from reflectance-vs-incidence angle measurements also made using synchrotron radiation, in the range E=120 - 180 keV. We describe our experimental investigation in detail, compare the new W/SiC multilayers with both W/Si and W/B4C films that have been studied......We have developed a new depth-graded multilayer system comprising W and SiC layers, suitable for use as hard X-ray reflective coatings operating in the energy range 100 - 200 keV. Grazing incidence X-ray reflectance at E=8 keV was used to characterize the interface widths, as well as the temporal...... and thermal stability in both periodic and depth-graded W/SiC structures, while synchrotron radiation was used to measure the hard X-ray reflectance of a depth-graded multilayer designed specifically for use in the range Esimilar to150 - 170 keV. We have modeled the hard X-ray reflectance using newly...

W/SiC x-ray multilayers optimized for use above 100 keV

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Windt, D.L.; Donguy, S.; Hailey, C.J.

2003-01-01

optical constants, which we determined from reflectance versus incidence angle measurements also made using synchrotron radiation, in the range E = 120-180 keV. We describe our experimental investigation in detail, compare the new W/SiC multilayers with both W/Si and W/B4C films that have been studied......We have developed a new depth-graded multilayer system comprising W and SiC layers, suitable for use as hard x-ray reflective coatings operating in the energy range 100-200 keV. Grazing-incidence x-ray reflectance at E = 8 keV was used to characterize the interface widths, as well as the temporal...... and thermal stability in both periodic and depth-graded W/SiC structures, whereas synchrotron radiation was used to measure the hard x-ray reflectance of a depth-graded multilayer designed specifically for use in, the range Esimilar to150-170 keV. We have modeled the hard x-ray reflectance using newly derived...

Half-life of 51Mn

Science.gov (United States)

Graves, Stephen A.; Ellison, Paul A.; Valdovinos, Hector F.; Barnhart, Todd E.; Nickles, Robert J.; Engle, Jonathan W.

2017-07-01

The half-life of 51Mn was measured by serial gamma spectrometry of the 511-keV annihilation photon following decay by β+ emission. Data were collected every 100 seconds for 100,000-230,000 seconds within each measurement (n =4 ). The 511-keV incidence rate was calculated from the 511-keV spectral peak area and count duration, corrected for detector dead time and radioactive decay. Least-squares regression analysis was used to determine the half-life of 51Mn while accounting for the presence of background contaminants, notably 55Co. The result was 45.59 ±0.07 min, which is the highest precision measurement to date and disagrees with the current Nuclear Data Sheets value by over 6 σ .

Transport and magnetic properties in the Heusler-type Fe2+xV1-xAl under high pressure

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Naka, T.; Adschiri, T.; Fukuda, K.; Ishikawa, F.; Yamada, Yuh; Takaesu, Y.; Nakama, T.; Yagasaki, K.; Matsushita, A.

2007-01-01

We report magnetic susceptibility and electrical resistivity under high pressure on polycrystalline Fe 2+x V 1-x Al, which exhibits the ferromagnetic transition at x>0. The pseudogap band structure, magnetic defects and lower number of conduction carrier seem to result in the spin fluctuation, the enhancement of thermoelectric power and other unique properties in this system. On the other hand, the excess V-atom brings about the variable range hopping conduction at lower temperature that is affected by external pressure. The pressure effects on the transition temperature, T c , and magnetization at low temperature reveal that the magnetism can be described by the self-consistent renormalization (SCR) theory

First-principles study of the structural and elastic properties of AuxV1-x and AuxNb1-x alloys

Science.gov (United States)

Al-Zoubi, N.

2018-04-01

Ab initio total energy calculations, based on the Exact Muffin-Tin Orbitals (EMTO) method in combination with the coherent potential approximation (CPA), are used to calculate the total energy of AuxV1-x and AuxNb1-x random alloys along the Bain path that connects the body-centred cubic (bcc) and face-centred cubic (fcc) structures as a function of composition x (0 ≤ x ≤ 1). The equilibrium Wigner-Seitz radius and the elastic properties of both systems are determined as a function of composition. Our theoretical prediction in case of pure elements (x = 0 or x = 1) are in good agreement with the available experimental data. For the Au-V system, the equilibrium Wigner-Seitz radius increase as x increases, while for the Au-Nb system, the equilibrium Wigner-Seitz radius is almost constant. The bulk modulus B and C44 for both alloys exhibit nearly parabolic trend. On the other hand, the tetragonal shear elastic constant C‧ decreases as x increases and correlates reasonably well with the structural energy difference between fcc and bcc structures. Our results offer a consistent starting point for further theoretical and experimental studies of the elastic and micromechanical properties of Au-V and Au-Nb systems.

Obama: pange see lekkiv naftapuurauk ometi kinni / Heiki Suurkask

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Suurkask, Heiki, 1972-

2010-01-01

BP (endise nimega British Petroleum) asus uue hooga Mehhiko lahe naftaleket tõrjuma. Maailma suuruselt kolmas kütuse- ja energiafirma BP on tõsise surve all, kuna USA võimuvad nõuavad kõigi naftalekke tagajärgede kõrvaldamist. Skeem

Development of a sub-MeV X-ray source via Compton backscattering

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kawase, K.; Kando, M.; Hayakawa, T.; Daito, I.; Kondo, S.; Homma, T.; Kameshima, T.; Kotaki, H.; Chen, L.-M.; Fukuda, Y.; Faenov, A.; Shizuma, T.; Shimomura, T.; Yoshida, H.; Hajima, R.; Fujiwara, M.; Bulanov, S.V.; Kimura, T.; Tajima, T.

2011-01-01

At the Kansai Photon Science Institute of the Japan Atomic Energy Agency, we have developed a Compton backscattered X-ray source in the energy region of a few hundred keV. The X-ray source consists of a 150-MeV electron beam, with a pulse duration of 10 ps (rms), accelerated by a Microtron accelerator and an Nd:YAG laser, with a pulse duration of 10 ns (FWHM). In the first trial experiment, the X-ray flux is estimated to be (2.2±1.0)x10 2 photons/pulse. For the actual application of an X-ray source, it is important to increase the generated X-ray flux as much as possible. Thus, for the purpose of increasing the X-ray flux, we have developed the pulse compression system for the Nd:YAG laser via stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). The SBS pulse compression has the great advantages of a high conversion efficiency and a simple structure. In this article, we review the present status of the Compton backscattered X-ray source and describe the SBS pulse compression system.

First-principles study on half-metallic ferromagnetic properties of Zn{sub 1-x}V{sub x}Se ternary alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Khatta, Swati; Tripathi, S.K.; Prakash, Satya [Panjab University, Central of Advanced Study in Physics, Department of Physics, Chandigarh (India)

2017-09-15

The spin-polarised density functional theory along with self-consistent plane-wave pseudopotential is used to investigate the half-metallic ferromagnetic properties of ternary alloys Zn{sub 1-x}V{sub x}Se. The generalized gradient approximation is used for exchange-correlation potential. The equilibrium lattice constants, bulk modulus, and its derivatives are calculated. The calculated spin-polarised energy-band structures reveal that these alloys are half-metallic for x = 0.375 and 0.50 and nearly half-metallic for other values of x. The estimated direct and indirect bandgaps may be useful for the magneto-optical absorption experiments. It is found that there is strong Zn 4s, Se 4p, and V 3d orbital hybridization in the conduction bands of both the spins, while Se 4p and V 3d orbital hybridization predominates in the valence bands of both the spins. The s, p-d, and p-d orbital hybridization reduces the local magnetic moment of V atoms and small local magnetic moments are produced on Zn and Se atoms which get coupled with V atoms in ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases, respectively. The conduction and valence-band-edge splittings and exchange constants predict the ferromagnetism in these alloys. The conduction band-impurity (s and p-d) exchange interaction is more significant for ferromagnetism in these alloys than the valence band-impurity (p-d) exchange interaction. (orig.)

The Haapsalu Gallows Hill / Martin Malve, Liivi Varul, Raido Roog... [jt.

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2014-01-01

Võllamägi asus kesk- ja varauusaegsest Haapsalu linnast 1,2 km kaugusel. Võib eeldada, et võllamägi eksisteeris juba keskajal. Siiani säilinud teabe alusel saab väita, et võllamäge kasutati alates 16. sajandist. Võllamägi likvideeriti 1801. aastal. Haapsalu võllamägi on seni Eestis ainuke kindlalt teadaolev kesk- ja varauusaegne hukkamispaik, mis on ka praeguseni säilinud

39 CFR 5.1 - Establishment and appointment.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 39 Postal Service 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Establishment and appointment. 5.1 Section 5.1 Postal Service UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE THE BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE U.S. POSTAL SERVICE COMMITTEES (ARTICLE V) § 5.1 Establishment and appointment. From time to time the Board may establish by resolution...

Synthesis and magnetic properties of PrFe11V1-xTix and their nitrides

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tang, S.L.; Wang, B.W.; Zhang, C.; Jin, X.M.; Zhang, S.Y.; Du, Y.W.

1997-01-01

We have succeeded in synthesizing PrFe 11 V 1-x Ti x (x=0.2 1) compound and their nitrides with the ThMn 12 -type structure. The phase formation and magnetic properties have been investigated by x-ray diffraction, differential thermometric analysis, and magnetic measurement. The stable temperature range of the 1-12 phase for PrFe 11 V 1-x Ti x alloys has been determined as a function of Ti content. PrFe 11 V compounds with the ThMn 12 -type structure do not exist and PrFe 11 Ti compounds with the TnMn 12 -type structure are obtained by annealing in a narrow temperature range between 1303 and 1383 K. Furthermore, 1-12 phase with the ThMn 12 -type structure can be obtained at lower temperature and wider temperature range with decreasing Ti content x (0.2≤x≤1). PrFe 11 V 1-x Ti x N y with x=0.2 1 has a T c of about 730 785 K, B a larger than 8 T and M s in the range 144 148 emu/g. These intrinsic magnetic properties are highly favorable for permanent magnet applications. As a preliminary, an intrinsic coercivity of 5.4 kOe is obtained for PrFe 11 V 0.5 Ti 0.5 N y at room temperature by using mechanical alloying technique. copyright 1997 American Institute of Physics

Determination of the 51Cr source strength at BNL

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Boger, J.; Hahn, R.L.; Chu, Y.Y.

1995-11-01

Neutron activation analysis (NAA) and γ-ray counting have been used to measure the activity of 24 samples removed from the GALLEX radioactive Cr neutrino source. In 9.86% of the disintegrations, 51 Cr decays with the emission of a 320-keV γ-ray. Counting this γ-ray provides a direct means to obtain the disintegration rates of the Cr samples. Based upon these disintegration rates, the authors obtain a strength of 63.1 ± 1.0 PBq for the entire Cr source. The Cr source activity has also been obtained through measuring the 51 V content of each sample by means of NAA. 51 V is the decay daughter for all decay modes of 51 Cr. Through neutron bombardment, radioactive 52 V is produced, which decays with the emission of a 1,434-keV γ-ray. By counting this γ-ray from NAA, they obtain a disintegration rate of 62.1 ± 1.0 PBq for the entire source. These values are consistent with all other measurements of the source strength done at other GALLEX Laboratories

Tin and tinned dress accessories from medieval Wroclaw (SW Poland) x-ray fluorescence investigations / Beata Miazga

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Miazga, Beata

2014-01-01

Analüüsitakse esemeid, mis on leitud Wrocławi vanalinnas Uue Turu piirkonnas päästekaevamistel 2010-2012. Lisaks hõbedale oli tina ehtematerjalina Euroopas vaesema elanikkonna hulgas laialt levinud. Võib oletada, et Uuel Turul asus tinaesemeid valmistanud käsitöölise töökoda

Synthesis and performance of Li{sub 3}(V{sub 1-x}Mg{sub x}){sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3} cathode materials

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dai, Changsong; Chen, Zhenyu; Jin, Haizu; Hu, Xinguo [School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001 (China)

2010-09-01

In order to search for cathode materials with better performance, Li{sub 3}(V{sub 1-x}Mg{sub x}){sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3} (0, 0.04, 0.07, 0.10 and 0.13) is prepared via a carbothermal reduction (CTR) process with LiOH.H{sub 2}O, V{sub 2}O{sub 5}, Mg(CH{sub 3}COO){sub 2}.4H{sub 2}O, NH{sub 4}H{sub 2}PO{sub 4}, and sucrose as raw materials and investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopic (SEM) and electrochemical impedance spectrum (EIS). XRD shows that Li{sub 3}(V{sub 1-x}Mg{sub x}){sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3} (x = 0.04, 0.07, 0.10 and 0.13) has the same monoclinic structure as undoped Li{sub 3}V{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3} while the particle size of Li{sub 3}(V{sub 1-x}Mg{sub x}){sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3} is smaller than that of Li{sub 3}V{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3} according to SEM images. EIS reveals that the charge transfer resistance of as-prepared materials is reduced and its reversibility is enhanced proved by the cyclic votammograms. The Mg{sup 2+}-doped Li{sub 3}V{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3} has a better high rate discharge performance. At a discharge rate of 20 C, the discharge capacity of Li{sub 3}(V{sub 0.9}Mg{sub 0.1}){sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3} is 107 mAh g{sup -1} and the capacity retention is 98% after 80 cycles. Li{sub 3}(V{sub 0.9}Mg{sub 0.1}){sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}//graphite full cells (085580-type) have good discharge performance and the modified cathode material has very good compatibility with graphite. (author)

Probing the Cosmic X-Ray and MeV Gamma-Ray Background Radiation through the Anisotropy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Inoue, Yoshiyuki [Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Kavli Inst. for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology; SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States); Murase, Kohta [Inst. for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ (United States). School of Natural Sciences; Madejski, Grzegorz M. [Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Kavli Inst. for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology; SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States); Uchiyama, Yasunobu [Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Kavli Inst. for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology; SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States); Rikkyo Univ., Tokyo (Japan). Dept. of Physics

2013-09-24

While the cosmic soft X-ray background is very likely to originate from individual Seyfert galaxies, the origin of the cosmic hard X-ray and MeV gamma-ray background is not fully understood. It is expected that Seyferts including Compton thick population may explain the cosmic hard X-ray background. At MeV energy range, Seyferts having non-thermal electrons in coronae above accretion disks or MeV blazars may explain the background radiation. We propose that future measurements of the angular power spectra of anisotropy of the cosmic X-ray and MeV gamma-ray backgrounds will be key to deciphering these backgrounds and the evolution of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). As AGNs trace the cosmic large-scale structure, spatial clustering of AGNs exists. We show that e-ROSITA will clearly detect the correlation signal of unresolved Seyferts at 0.5-2 keV and 2-10 keV bands and will be able to measure the bias parameter of AGNs at both bands. Once the future hard X-ray all sky satellites achieve the sensitivity better than 10^-12 erg/cm²/s^-1 at 10-30 keV or 30-50 keV - although this is beyond the sensitivities of current hard X-ray all sky monitors - angular power spectra will allow us to independently investigate the fraction of Compton-thick AGNs in all Seyferts. We also find that the expected angular power spectra of Seyferts and blazars in the MeV range are different by about an order of magnitude, where the Poisson term, so-called shot noise, is dominant. Current and future MeV instruments will clearly disentangle the origin of the MeV gamma-ray background through the angular power spectrum.

Structural analysis and evaluation of actual PC bridge using 950 keV/3.95 MeV X-band linacs

Science.gov (United States)

Takeuchi, H.; Yano, R.; Ozawa, I.; Mitsuya, Y.; Dobashi, K.; Uesaka, M.; Kusano, J.; Oshima, Y.; Ishida, M.

2017-07-01

In Japan, bridges constructed during the strong economic growth era are facing an aging problem and advanced maintenance methods have become strongly required recently. To meet this demand, we develop the on-site inspection system using 950 keV/3.95 MeV X-band (9.3 GHz) linac X-ray sources. These systems can visualize in seconds the inner states of bridges, including cracks of concrete, location and state of tendons (wires) and other imperfections. At the on-site inspections, 950 keV linac exhibited sufficient performance. But, for thicker concrete, it is difficult to visualize the internal state by 950 keV linac. Therefore, we proceeded the installation of 3.95 MeV linac for on-site bridge inspection. In addition, for accurate evaluation, verification on the parallel motion CT technique and FEM analysis are in progress.

Mixing transition-metal phosphates Li_3V_2_−_xFe_x(PO_4)_3 (0≤x≤2): the synthesis, structure and electrochemical properties

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu, Xudong; Zhao, Yanming; Kuang, Quan; Li, Xiaoming; Dong, Youzhong; Jing, Zhenzhen; Hou, Shiyu

2016-01-01

Highlights: • Monoclinic structure Li_3V_2_−_xFe_x(PO_4)_3 (0≤ x≤2) solid solutions have been successfully fabricated via a two-step synthesis method. • Trace amounts of acetylene black would play a role of deoxidizer during the sintering process in an inert atmosphere. • V1-site is the preferred position when Fe"3"+ ions doped into Li_3V_2(PO_4)_3 from our structural analysis. - Abstract: Mixing transition-metal phosphates Li_3V_2_−_xFe_x(PO_4)_3 (0≤x≤2) were first designed to be a type of intercalated and deintercalated cathodes to obtain high specific capacity for safe Li-ion batteries. Since the residual oxygen in the quartz tube furnace and pellet would oxidize the V"3"+ to V"4"+ in the Ar ambience during the sintering process, trace amounts of acetylene black inside and outside the pellet could play a role of deoxidizer to protect V"3"+ meanwhile ensure Fe"3"+ not reducing to Fe"2"+. With the concerted effort of inside and outside acetylene black, monoclinic structure Li_3V_2_−_xFe_x(PO_4)_3 (0≤x≤2) solid solutions had been successfully fabricated via a two-step synthesis method. X-ray diffractions with Rietveld refinement revealed that V1-sites were the preferred position when Fe"3"+ ions doped into Li_3V_2(PO_4)_3, which means, every V1-site was occupied with the same probability by V"3"+ and Fe"3"+ when 0< x<1, and then for V2-site when 1< x<2. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy result showed the presence of trace amounts of acetylene black had realized the coexist of V"3"+ and Fe"3"+ in the Li_3M_2(PO_4)_3 framework. When evaluated as cathodes for Li-ion batteries, the pure Li_3V_2(PO_4)_3 electrode displayed the highest charge (137.2 mAh g"−"1) and discharge (121.5 mAh g"−"1) capacities in the first cycle, with the increase of Fe"3"+ content, all the charge and discharge capacities reduced drastically. Furthermore, the EIS results showed that the incorporation of the sluggish Fe"3"+ ions reduced the electronic conductivity and

Gulmarg estimate of PeV photon flux from Cygnus X-3 and its relevance

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bhat, C.L.; Sapru, M.L.; Razdan, H.

1986-01-01

An analysis of atmospheric Cerenkov pulses recorded during January 1976 - December 1977, by a wide-angle photomultiplier system at Gulmarg (India), reveals a phase-dependent component exhibiting the characteristic Cygnus X-3 modulation period of 4.8h. Its amplitude, given by the number of excess events in the phase peak relative to the total phase-independent events, is found to be (1.8 ± 0.4)per cent, corresponding to a detected average flux of (1.6 ± 0.4) x 10 -12 γcm -2 s -1 above 0.5 PeV (1PeV = 10 15 eV). Taken together with the spectral data for the following years from several other experiments, there is the suggestion of a long-term reduction in the luminosity of the PeV source by a factor of ∼ 1.5 y -1 (exponential decay law with a time constant of ∼ 2.3y). This intriguing possibility is further strengthened by an examination of the Haverah Park phase-histograms of Cygnus X-3 for the period January 1979 to December 1984 and the Plateau Rosa data recorded between December 1981 - March 1985, which display analogous long-term behaviour at > 10 15 eV and > 2 x 10 13 eV respectively. After accounting for losses in the PeV photon beam due to γ-γ interactions with the 2.7deg K microwave background, a comparison of the ultra high energy photon fluxes from Cygnus X-3 with those in 10 11 - 10 12 eV energy region shows that the latter are significant by lower. This suggests that the TeV photons undergo servere circumstellar abnsorption through interactions with optical/infrared photons or/and have a production spectrum which differs in some significant manner from the one responsible for generating the PeV flux. (author)

Thermal Stability of Nanocrystalline Structure In X37CrMoV5-l Steel

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Skołek E.

2015-04-01

Full Text Available The aim of the study was to investigate the thermal stability of the nanostructure produced in X37CrMoV5-1 tool steel by austempering heat treatment consisted of austenitization and isothermal quenching at the range of the bainitic transformation. The nanostructure was composed of bainitic ferrite plates of nanometric thickness separated by thin layers of retained austenite. It was revealed, that the annealing at the temperature higher than temperature of austempering led to formation of cementite precipitations. At the initial stage of annealing cementite precipitations occurred in the interfaces between ferritic bainite and austenite. With increasing temperature of annealing, the volume fraction and size of cementite precipitations also increased. Simultaneously fine spherical Fe7C3 carbides appeared. At the highest annealing temperature the large, spherical Fe7C3 carbides as well as cementite precipitates inside the ferrite grains were observed. Moreover the volume fraction of bainitic ferrite and of freshly formed martensite increased in steel as a result of retained austenite transformation during cooling down to room temperature.

The X-ray to [Ne V]3426 flux ratio: discovering heavily obscured AGN in the distant Universe

Science.gov (United States)

Gilli, R.; Vignali, C.; Mignoli, M.; Iwasawa, K.; Comastri, A.; Zamorani, G.

2010-09-01

We investigate the possibility of using the ratio between the 2-10 keV flux and the [Ne V]3426 emission line flux (X/NeV) as a diagnostic diagram to discover heavily obscured, possibly Compton-thick active galactic nuclei (AGN) in the distant Universe. While it is on average about one order of magnitude fainter than the more commonly used [O III]5007 emission line, the [Ne V]3426 line can be observed with optical spectroscopy up to z~1.5, whereas the [O III]5007 line is redshifted out of the optical bands already at z~0.8. First, we calibrated a relation between X/NeV and the cold absorbing column density NH using a sample of 74 bright, nearby Seyferts with both X-ray and [Ne V] data available in the literature and for which the column density is determined unambiguously. Similar to what is found for the X-ray to [O III]5007 flux ratio (X/OIII), we found that the X/NeV ratio decreases towards high column densities, as expected if [Ne V]3426 emission is a good tracer of the AGN intrinsic power. Essentially all local Seyferts with X/NeV values below 15 are found to be Compton-thick objects. At X/NeV values below 100, the percentage of Compton-thick nuclei decreases to ~50%, but ~80% of the considered sample is still absorbed with NH > 1023 cm-2. Second, we applied this diagnostic diagram to different samples of distant obscured and unobscured QSOs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). SDSS blue, unobscured, type-1 QSOs in the redshift range z = [0.1-1.5] indeed show X/NeV values typical of unobscured Seyfert 1s in the local Universe. Conversely, SDSS type-2 QSOs at z~0.5 classified either as Compton-thick or Compton-thin on the basis of their X/OIII ratio, would have mostly been classified in the same way based on the X/NeV ratio. We applied the X/NeV diagnostic diagram to 9 SDSS obscured QSOs in the redshift range z = [0.85-1.31], selected by means of their prominent [Ne V]3426 line (rest EW > 4 Å) and observed with Chandra ACIS-S for 10ks each (8 of them as part

Thermodynamic properties of 5-(1-adamantyl)tetrazole

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stepurko, Elena N.; Paulechka, Yauheni U.; Blokhin, Andrey V., E-mail: blokhin@bsu.by; Kabo, Gennady J.; Voitekhovich, Sergei V.; Lyakhov, Alexander S.; Kohut, Sviataslau V.; Kazarovets, Tatiana E.

2014-09-20

Highlights: • Heat capacity, enthalpy of formation, vapor pressure, and enthalpy of sublimation were measured for 5-(1-adamantyl)tetrazole. • Crystal structure of the compound was determined from the X-ray diffraction analysis. • Ideal-gas thermodynamic properties of 5-(1-adamantyl)tetrazole were calculated. - Abstract: Temperature dependence of the heat capacity of 5-(1-adamantyl)tetrazole was studied between (5 and 370) K in a vacuum adiabatic calorimeter. From obtained data the thermodynamic properties of the compound in the condensed state were evaluated over the range of (0–370) K. The crystal structure of 5-(1-adamantyl)tetrazole was determined from the X-ray diffraction analysis. The saturated vapor pressure for crystalline 5-(1-adamantyl)tetrazole in the temperature ranges from (394 to 419) K was measured by the Knudsen effusion method, and its enthalpy of sublimation was obtained using these results. The standard enthalpy of formation for crystalline 5-(1-adamantyl)tetrazole at 298.15 K was determined in a static bomb combustion calorimeter. From these data, the standard enthalpy of formation for gaseous 5-(1-adamantyl)tetrazole was evaluated. The enthalpy of formation calculated using quantum chemical methods is in an excellent agreement with the experimental value. The thermodynamic properties of 5-(1-adamantyl)tetrazole in the ideal-gas state were calculated in the temperature range from (0 to 1000) K. The calculated entropy of gaseous 5-(1-adamantyl)tetrazole is in a good agreement with the one obtained from the experimental data.

Thermodynamic properties of 5-(1-adamantyl)tetrazole

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stepurko, Elena N.; Paulechka, Yauheni U.; Blokhin, Andrey V.; Kabo, Gennady J.; Voitekhovich, Sergei V.; Lyakhov, Alexander S.; Kohut, Sviataslau V.; Kazarovets, Tatiana E.

2014-01-01

Highlights: • Heat capacity, enthalpy of formation, vapor pressure, and enthalpy of sublimation were measured for 5-(1-adamantyl)tetrazole. • Crystal structure of the compound was determined from the X-ray diffraction analysis. • Ideal-gas thermodynamic properties of 5-(1-adamantyl)tetrazole were calculated. - Abstract: Temperature dependence of the heat capacity of 5-(1-adamantyl)tetrazole was studied between (5 and 370) K in a vacuum adiabatic calorimeter. From obtained data the thermodynamic properties of the compound in the condensed state were evaluated over the range of (0–370) K. The crystal structure of 5-(1-adamantyl)tetrazole was determined from the X-ray diffraction analysis. The saturated vapor pressure for crystalline 5-(1-adamantyl)tetrazole in the temperature ranges from (394 to 419) K was measured by the Knudsen effusion method, and its enthalpy of sublimation was obtained using these results. The standard enthalpy of formation for crystalline 5-(1-adamantyl)tetrazole at 298.15 K was determined in a static bomb combustion calorimeter. From these data, the standard enthalpy of formation for gaseous 5-(1-adamantyl)tetrazole was evaluated. The enthalpy of formation calculated using quantum chemical methods is in an excellent agreement with the experimental value. The thermodynamic properties of 5-(1-adamantyl)tetrazole in the ideal-gas state were calculated in the temperature range from (0 to 1000) K. The calculated entropy of gaseous 5-(1-adamantyl)tetrazole is in a good agreement with the one obtained from the experimental data

Probing the cosmic x-ray and MeV gamma ray background radiation through the anisotropy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Inoue, Yoshiyuki [Stanford Univ., CA (United States); Murase, Kohta [Inst. for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ (United States); Madejski, Grzegorz M. [Stanford Univ., CA (United States); Uchiyama, Yasunobu [Stanford Univ., CA (United States); Rikkyo Univ., Tokyo (Japan)

2013-09-24

While the cosmic soft X-ray background is very likely to originate from individual Seyfert galaxies, the origin of the cosmic hard X-ray and MeV gamma-ray background is not fully understood. It is expected that Seyferts including Compton thick population may explain the cosmic hard X-ray background. At MeV energy range, Seyferts having non-thermal electrons in coronae above accretion disks or MeV blazars may explain the background radiation. We propose that future measurements of the angular power spectra of anisotropy of the cosmic X-ray and MeV gamma-ray backgrounds will be key to deciphering these backgrounds and the evolution of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). As AGNs trace the cosmic large-scale structure, spatial clustering of AGNs exists. We show that e-ROSITA will clearly detect the correlation signal of unresolved Seyferts at 0.5-2 keV and 2-10 keV bands and will be able to measure the bias parameter of AGNs at both bands. Once future hard X-ray all sky satellites achieve a sensitivity better than 10–12 erg cm–2 s–1 at 10-30 keV or 30-50 keV—although this is beyond the sensitivities of current hard X-ray all sky monitors—angular power spectra will allow us to independently investigate the fraction of Compton-thick AGNs in all Seyferts. We also find that the expected angular power spectra of Seyferts and blazars in the MeV range are different by about an order of magnitude, where the Poisson term, so-called shot noise, is dominant. Current and future MeV instruments will clearly disentangle the origin of the MeV gamma-ray background through the angular power spectrum.

The Variable Crab Nebula: Evidence for a Connection Between GeV Flares and Hard X-ray Variations

Science.gov (United States)

Wilson-Hodge, Colleen A.; Harding, A. K.; Hays, E. A.; Cherry, M. L.; Case, G. L.; Finger, M. H.; Jenke, P.; Zhang, X.

2016-01-01

In 2010, hard X-ray variations (Wilson-Hodge et al. 2011) and GeV flares (Tavani et al 2011, Abdo et al. 2011) from the Crab Nebula were discovered. Connections between these two phenomena were unclear, in part because the timescales were quite different, with yearly variations in hard X-rays and hourly to daily variations in the GeV flares. The hard X-ray flux from the Crab Nebula has again declined since 2014, much like it did in 2008-2010. During both hard X-ray decline periods, the Fermi LAT detected no GeV flares, suggesting that injection of particles from the GeV flares produces the much slower and weaker hard X-ray variations. The timescale for the particles emitting the GeV flares to lose enough energy to emit synchrotron photons in hard X-rays is consistent with the yearly variations observed in hard X-rays and with the expectation that the timescale for variations slowly increases with decreasing energy. This hypothesis also predicts even slower and weaker variations below 10 keV, consistent with the non-detection of counterparts to the GeV flares by Chandra (Weisskopf et al 2013). We will present a comparison of the observed hard X-ray variations and a simple model of the decay of particles from the GeV flares to test our hypothesis.

Electronic decal: a security function based on V2X communication

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Knapik, Peter; Schoch, Elmar; Kargl, Frank

New technologies such as vehicle-to-X (V2X) communication and advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) are on the rise. They are mainly used to increase road safety as well as traffic efficiency and to provide customers with infotainment features. However, these new technologies also provide the

Observation of X(3872) production in $pp$ collisions at $\\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV

CERN Document Server

Aaij, R; Adeva, B; Adinolfi, M; Adrover, C; Affolder, A; Ajaltouni, Z; Albrecht, J; Alessio, F; Alexander, M; Alkhazov, G; Alvarez Cartelle, P; Alves, A A; Amato, S; Amhis, Y; Anderson, J; Appleby, R B; Aquines Gutierrez, O; Archilli, F; Arrabito, L; Artamonov, A; Artuso, M; Aslanides, E; Auriemma, G; Bachmann, S; Back, J J; Bailey, D S; Balagura, V; Baldini, W; Barlow, R J; Barschel, C; Barsuk, S; Barter, W; Bates, A; Bauer, C; Bauer, Th; Bay, A; Bediaga, I; Belogurov, S; Belous, K; Belyaev, I; Ben-Haim, E; Benayoun, M; Bencivenni, G; Benson, S; Benton, J; Bernet, R; Bettler, M-O; van Beuzekom, M; Bien, A; Bifani, S; Bird, T; Bizzeti, A; Bjørnstad, P M; Blake, T; Blanc, F; Blanks, C; Blouw, J; Blusk, S; Bobrov, A; Bocci, V; Bondar, A; Bondar, N; Bonivento, W; Borghi, S; Borgia, A; Bowcock, T J V; Bozzi, C; Brambach, T; van den Brand, J; Bressieux, J; Brett, D; Britsch, M; Britton, T; Brook, N H; Brown, H; Büchler-Germann, A; Burducea, I; Bursche, A; Buytaert, J; Cadeddu, S; Callot, O; Calvi, M; Calvo Gomez, M; Camboni, A; Campana, P; Carbone, A; Carboni, G; Cardinale, R; Cardini, A; Carson, L; Carvalho Akiba, K; Casse, G; Cattaneo, M; Cauet, Ch; Charles, M; Charpentier, Ph; Chiapolini, N; Ciba, K; Cid Vidal, X; Ciezarek, G; Clarke, P E L; Clemencic, M; Cliff, H V; Closier, J; Coca, C; Coco, V; Cogan, J; Collins, P; Comerma-Montells, A; Constantin, F; Contu, A; Cook, A; Coombes, M; Corti, G; Cowan, G A; Currie, R; D'Ambrosio, C; David, P; David, P N Y; De Bonis, I; De Capua, S; De Cian, M; De Lorenzi, F; De Miranda, J M; De Paula, L; De Simone, P; Decamp, D; Deckenhoff, M; Degaudenzi, H; Del Buono, L; Deplano, C; Derkach, D; Deschamps, O; Dettori, F; Dickens, J; Dijkstra, H; Diniz Batista, P; Domingo Bonal, F; Donleavy, S; Dordei, F; Dosil Suárez, A; Dossett, D; Dovbnya, A; Dupertuis, F; Dzhelyadin, R; Dziurda, A; Easo, S; Egede, U; Egorychev, V; Eidelman, S; van Eijk, D; Eisele, F; Eisenhardt, S; Ekelhof, R; Eklund, L; Elsasser, Ch; Elsby, D; Esperante Pereira, D; Estève, L; Falabella, A; Fanchini, E; Färber, C; Fardell, G; Farinelli, C; Farry, S; Fave, V; Fernandez Albor, V; Ferro-Luzzi, M; Filippov, S; Fitzpatrick, C; Fontana, M; Fontanelli, F; Forty, R; Frank, M; Frei, C; Frosini, M; Furcas, S; Gallas Torreira, A; Galli, D; Gandelman, M; Gandini, P; Gao, Y; Garnier, J-C; Garofoli, J; Garra Tico, J; Garrido, L; Gascon, D; Gaspar, C; Gauvin, N; Gersabeck, M; Gershon, T; Ghez, Ph; Gibson, V; Gligorov, V V; Göbel, C; Golubkov, D; Golutvin, A; Gomes, A; Gordon, H; Grabalosa Gándara, M; Graciani Diaz, R; Granado Cardoso, L A; Graugés, E; Graziani, G; Grecu, A; Greening, E; Gregson, S; Gui, B; Gushchin, E; Guz, Yu; Gys, T; Haefeli, G; Haen, C; Haines, S C; Hampson, T; Hansmann-Menzemer, S; Harji, R; Harnew, N; Harrison, J; Harrison, P F; Hartmann, T; He, J; Heijne, V; Hennessy, K; Henrard, P; Hernando Morata, J A; van Herwijnen, E; Hicks, E; Holubyev, K; Hopchev, P; Hulsbergen, W; Hunt, P; Huse, T; Huston, R S; Hutchcroft, D; Hynds, D; Iakovenko, V; Ilten, P; Imong, J; Jacobsson, R; Jaeger, A; Jahjah Hussein, M; Jans, E; Jansen, F; Jaton, P; Jean-Marie, B; Jing, F; John, M; Johnson, D; Jones, C R; Jost, B; Kaballo, M; Kandybei, S; Karacson, M; Karbach, T M; Keaveney, J; Kenyon, I R; Kerzel, U; Ketel, T; Keune, A; Khanji, B; Kim, Y M; Knecht, M; Koppenburg, P; Kozlinskiy, A; Kravchuk, L; Kreplin, K; Kreps, M; Krocker, G; Krokovny, P; Kruse, F; Kruzelecki, K; Kucharczyk, M; Kvaratskheliya, T; La Thi, V N; Lacarrere, D; Lafferty, G; Lai, A; Lambert, D; Lambert, R W; Lanciotti, E; Lanfranchi, G; Langenbruch, C; Latham, T; Lazzeroni, C; Le Gac, R; van Leerdam, J; Lees, J-P; Lefèvre, R; Leflat, A; Lefrançois, J; Leroy, O; Lesiak, T; Li, L; Li Gioi, L; Lieng, M; Liles, M; Lindner, R; Linn, C; Liu, B; Liu, G; von Loeben, J; Lopes, J H; Lopez Asamar, E; Lopez-March, N; Lu, H; Luisier, J; Mac Raighne, A; Machefert, F; Machikhiliyan, I V; Maciuc, F; Maev, O; Magnin, J; Malde, S; Mamunur, R M D; Manca, G; Mancinelli, G; Mangiafave, N; Marconi, U; Märki, R; Marks, J; Martellotti, G; Martens, A; Martin, L; Martín Sánchez, A; Martinez Santos, D; Massafferri, A; Mathe, Z; Matteuzzi, C; Matveev, M; Maurice, E; Maynard, B; Mazurov, A; McGregor, G; McNulty, R; Meissner, M; Merk, M; Merkel, J; Messi, R; Miglioranzi, S; Milanes, D A; Minard, M-N; Molina Rodriguez, J; Monteil, S; Moran, D; Morawski, P; Mountain, R; Mous, I; Muheim, F; Müller, K; Muresan, R; Muryn, B; Muster, B; Musy, M; Mylroie-Smith, J; Naik, P; Nakada, T; Nandakumar, R; Nasteva, I; Nedos, M; Needham, M; Neufeld, N; Nguyen-Mau, C; Nicol, M; Niess, V; Nikitin, N; Nomerotski, A; Novoselov, A; Oblakowska-Mucha, A; Obraztsov, V; Oggero, S; Ogilvy, S; Okhrimenko, O; Oldeman, R; Orlandea, M; Otalora Goicochea, J M; Owen, P; Pal, K; Palacios, J; Palano, A; Palutan, M; Panman, J; Papanestis, A; Pappagallo, M; Parkes, C; Parkinson, C J; Passaleva, G; Patel, G D; Patel, M; Paterson, S K; Patrick, G N; Patrignani, C; Pavel-Nicorescu, C; Pazos Alvarez, A; Pellegrino, A; Penso, G; Pepe Altarelli, M; Perazzini, S; Perego, D L; Perez Trigo, E; Pérez-Calero Yzquierdo, A; Perret, P; Perrin-Terrin, M; Pessina, G; Petrella, A; Petrolini, A; Phan, A; Picatoste Olloqui, E; Pie Valls, B; Pietrzyk, B; Pilař, T; Pinci, D; Plackett, R; Playfer, S; Plo Casasus, M; Polok, G; Poluektov, A; Polycarpo, E; Popov, D; Popovici, B; Potterat, C; Powell, A; Prisciandaro, J; Pugatch, V; Puig Navarro, A; Qian, W; Rademacker, J H; Rakotomiaramanana, B; Rangel, M S; Raniuk, I; Raven, G; Redford, S; Reid, M M; dos Reis, A C; Ricciardi, S; Rinnert, K; Roa Romero, D A; Robbe, P; Rodrigues, E; Rodrigues, F; Rodriguez Perez, P; Rogers, G J; Roiser, S; Romanovsky, V; Rosello, M; Rouvinet, J; Ruf, T; Ruiz, H; Sabatino, G; Saborido Silva, J J; Sagidova, N; Sail, P; Saitta, B; Salzmann, C; Sannino, M; Santacesaria, R; Santamarina Rios, C; Santinelli, R; Santovetti, E; Sapunov, M; Sarti, A; Satriano, C; Satta, A; Savrie, M; Savrina, D; Schaack, P; Schiller, M; Schleich, S; Schlupp, M; Schmelling, M; Schmidt, B; Schneider, O; Schopper, A; Schune, M-H; Schwemmer, R; Sciascia, B; Sciubba, A; Seco, M; Semennikov, A; Senderowska, K; Sepp, I; Serra, N; Serrano, J; Seyfert, P; Shapkin, M; Shapoval, I; Shatalov, P; Shcheglov, Y; Shears, T; Shekhtman, L; Shevchenko, O; Shevchenko, V; Shires, A; Silva Coutinho, R; Skwarnicki, T; Smith, A C; Smith, N A; Smith, E; Sobczak, K; Soler, F J P; Solomin, A; Soomro, F; Souza De Paula, B; Spaan, B; Sparkes, A; Spradlin, P; Stagni, F; Stahl, S; Steinkamp, O; Stoica, S; Stone, S; Storaci, B; Straticiuc, M; Straumann, U; Subbiah, V K; Swientek, S; Szczekowski, M; Szczypka, P; Szumlak, T; T'Jampens, S; Teodorescu, E; Teubert, F; Thomas, C; Thomas, E; van Tilburg, J; Tisserand, V; Tobin, M; Topp-Joergensen, S; Torr, N; Tournefier, E; Tran, M T; Tsaregorodtsev, A; Tuning, N; Ubeda Garcia, M; Ukleja, A; Urquijo, P; Uwer, U; Vagnoni, V; Valenti, G; Vazquez Gomez, R; Vazquez Regueiro, P; Vecchi, S; Velthuis, J J; Veltri, M; Viaud, B; Videau, I; Vilasis-Cardona, X; Visniakov, J; Vollhardt, A; Volyanskyy, D; Voong, D; Vorobyev, A; Voss, H; Wandernoth, S; Wang, J; Ward, D R; Watson, N K; Webber, A D; Websdale, D; Whitehead, M; Wiedner, D; Wiggers, L; Wilkinson, G; Williams, M P; Williams, M; Wilson, F F; Wishahi, J; Witek, M; Witzeling, W; Wotton, S A; Wyllie, K; Xie, Y; Xing, F; Xing, Z; Yang, Z; Young, R; Yushchenko, O; Zavertyaev, M; Zhang, F; Zhang, L; Zhang, W C; Zhang, Y; Zhelezov, A; Zhong, L; Zverev, E; Zvyagin, A

2012-01-01

Using 34.7 pb$^{-1}$ of data collected with the LHCb detector, the inclusive production of the $X(3872)$ meson in $pp$ collisions at $\\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV is observed for the first time. Candidates are selected in the $X(3872) \\to J/\\psi \\pi^+ \\pi^-$ decay mode, and used to measure \\begin{align*} \\sigma(pp\\to X(3872)+{\\rm anything}) \\, \\mathcal{B}(X(3872) \\to J/\\psi&\\pi^+\\pi^-) = \\\\ & 4.7 \\pm 1.1 \\,{\\rm (stat)} \\pm 0.7 \\,{\\rm (syst)} {\\rm nb} \\,, \\end{align*} where $\\sigma(pp\\to X(3872)+{\\rm anything})$ is the inclusive production cross-section of $X(3872)$ mesons with rapidity in the range $2.5-4.5$ and transverse momentum in the range $5-20$ GeV/$c$. In addition the masses of both the $X(3872)$ and $\\psi(2S)$ mesons, reconstructed in the $ J/\\psi \\pi^+ \\pi^-$ final state, are measured to be \\begin{eqnarray*} m_{X(3872)} &=& 3871.95 \\pm 0.48 \\,({\\rm stat}) \\pm 0.12 \\,({\\rm syst}){\\rm MeV/}c^2 ~\\mbox{and} \\\\ m_{\\psi(2S)} &=& 3686.12\\pm 0.06 \\,({\\rm stat}) \\pm 0.10 \\,({\\rm syst}){\\rm M...

A Monte Carlo derived TG-51 equivalent calibration for helical tomotherapy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Thomas, S.D.; Mackenzie, M.; Rogers, D.W.O.; Fallone, B.G.

2005-01-01

Helical tomotherapy (HT) requires a method of accurately determining the absorbed dose under reference conditions. In the AAPM's TG-51 external beam dosimetry protocol, the quality conversion factor, k Q , is presented as a function of the photon component of the percentage depth-dose at 10 cm depth, %dd(10) x , measured under the reference conditions of a 10x10 cm 2 field size and a source-to-surface distance (SSD) of 100 cm. The value of %dd(10) x from HT cannot be used for the determination of k Q because the design of the HT does not meet the following TG-51 reference conditions: (i) the field size and the practical SSD required by TG-51 are not obtainable and (ii) the absence of the flattening filter changes the beam quality thus affecting some components of k Q . The stopping power ratio is not affected because of its direct relationship to %dd(10) x . We derive a relationship for the Exradin A1SL ion chamber converting the %dd(10) x measured under HT 'reference conditions' of SSD=85 cm and a 5x10 cm 2 field-size [%dd(10) x[HTRef] ], to the dosimetric equivalent value under for TG-51 reference conditions [%dd(10) x[HTTG-51] ] for HT. This allows the determination of k Q under the HT reference conditions. The conversion results in changes of 0.1% in the value of k Q for our particular unit. The conversion relationship should also apply to other ion chambers with possible errors on the order of 0.1%

Characteristics of a multi-keV monochromatic point x-ray source

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Temporal, spatial and spectral characteristics of a multi-keV monochromatic point x-ray source based on vacuum diode with laser-produced plasma as cathode are presented. Electrons from a laser-produced aluminium plasma were accelerated towards a conical point tip titanium anode to generate K-shell x-ray radiation.

Radiological safety research of food irradiation with 7.5 MeV X-rays

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yang Bin; Tang Weidong; Zhang Yue; Xu Tao; Jin Jianqiao; Ye Mingyang

2012-01-01

China and America both have 7.5 MeV high energy X-ray accelerator. The radiological safety of food irradiated with 7.5 MeV X-rays (bremsstrahlung) has been investigated. Samples of meat and meat ash were located in a large volume of fresh meat at the position of the highest photoneutron fluence and irradiated to an X-ray dose of 15 kGy, twice the maximum dose allowed by the US FDA for meat irradiation. An evaluation of the corresponding radiation exposure from ingestion of the irradiated product has been compared to natural background radiation. The paper concludes that the risk to individuals from intake of food irradiated with X-rays from 7.5 MeV electrons, even with a broad energy spectrum, would be trivial. The common target materials are Au, Ta and W. The U.S, requires only Au and Ta can be used as food irradiation target materials and China has not yet relevant provisions. The first 7.5 MeV accelerator for food irradiation in China is under built, and will do the explore research for the choice of target material. (authors)

Considerations for application of Si(Li) detectors in analyses of sub-keV, ion-induced x rays

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Musket, R.G.

1985-01-01

Spectroscopy of ion-induced x rays is commonly performed using lithium-drifted, silicon detectors, Si(Li), with beryllium windows. Strong absorption of x rays with energies below 1 keV occurs in even the thinnest commercially available beryllium windows and precludes useful analysis of sub-keV x rays. Access to the sub-keV x ray region can be achieved using windowless (WL) and ultra-thin-windowed (UTW) Si(Li) detectors. These detectors have been shown to be useful for spectroscopy of x rays with energies above approximately 200 eV. The properties of such detectors are reviewed with regard to analysis of ion-induced x rays. In particular, considerations of detection efficiency, output linearity, energy resolution, peak shapes, and vacuum requirements are presented. The use of ion excitation for determination of many detector properties serves to demonstrate the usefulness of WL and UTW detectors for the spectroscopy of sub-keV, ion-induced x rays. 23 refs., 4 figs

Excitation function for the population of the 4.51 MeV state of 27Al inelastic proton scattering. Evidence for 6- strength?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Spicer, B.M.; Koutsoliotas, S.

1995-01-01

The excitation function for emission of 2.30 MeV gamma rays from the 4.51 MeV state of 27 Al formed in inelastic proton scattering has been measured for proton energies from 5.6 to 7.3 MeV. A resonance previously seen in both inelastic electron and proton scattering from 28 Si at 17.35 MeV has been observed as a resonance in the excitation function, as well as seven other resonances, all of which are narrow (i.e., less than 100 keV wide). It is suggested that these may represent fragments of 6 - strength in 28 Si. 6 refs., 1 tab., 2 figs

DETECTION OF X-RAYS FROM THE SYMBIOTIC STAR V1329 Cyg

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stute, Matthias; Luna, Gerardo J. M.; Sokoloski, Jennifer L.

2011-01-01

We report the detection of X-ray emission from the symbiotic star V1329 Cyg with XMM-Newton. The spectrum from the EPIC pn, MOS1, and MOS2 instruments consists of a two-temperature plasma with k T 1 = 0.11 +0.02 -0.02 keV and k T 2 = 0.93 +0.12 -0.14 keV. Unlike the vast majority of symbiotic stars detected in X-rays, the soft component of the spectrum seems to be absorbed only by interstellar material. The shock velocities corresponding to the observed temperatures are about 300 km s -1 and about 900 km s -1 . We did not find either periodic or aperiodic X-ray variability, with upper limits on the amplitudes of such variations being 46% and 16% (rms), respectively. We also did not find any ultraviolet variability with an rms amplitude of more than approximately 1%. The derived velocities and the unabsorbed nature of the soft component of the X-ray spectrum suggest that some portion of the high energy emission could originate in shocks within a jet and beyond the symbiotic nebula. The lower velocity is consistent with the expansion velocity of the extended structure present in Hubble Space Telescope observations. The higher velocity could be associated with an internal shock at the base of the jet or with shocks in the accretion region.

Magnetostructural transformation and magnetocaloric effect in Mn48‑x V x Ni42Sn10 ferromagnetic shape memory alloys

Science.gov (United States)

Hassan, Najam ul; Shah, Ishfaq Ahmad; Khan, Tahira; Liu, Jun; Gong, Yuanyuan; Miao, Xuefei; Xu, Feng

2018-03-01

In this work, we tuned the magnetostructural transformation and the coupled magnetocaloric properties of Mn48‑x V x Ni42Sn10 (x = 0, 1, 2, and 3) ferromagnetic shape memory alloys prepared by means of partial replacement of Mn by V. It is observed that the martensitic transformation temperatures decrease with the increase of V content. The shift of the transition temperatures to lower temperatures driven by the applied field, the metamagnetic behavior, and the thermal hysteresis indicates the first-order nature for the magnetostructural transformation. The entropy changes with a magnetic field variation of 0–5 T are 15.2, 18.8, and 24.3 {{J}}\\cdot {kg}}-1\\cdot {{{K}}}-1 for the x = 0, 1, and 2 samples, respectively. The tunable martensitic transformation temperature, enhanced field driving capacity, and large entropy change suggest that Mn48‑x V x Ni42Sn10 alloys have a potential for applications in magnetic cooling refrigeration. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51601092, 51571121, and 11604148), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (Grant Nos. 30916011344 and 30916011345), the Fund Program for the Scientific Activities of Selected Returned Overseas Professionals in Shanxi Province, China, the Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project (Grant No. 2016M591851), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (Grant Nos. BK20160833, 20160829, and 20140035), the Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Province, the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, and Shanxi Scholarship Council of China (Grant No. 2016-092).

An accurate method for computer-generating tungsten anode x-ray spectra from 30 to 140 kV.

Science.gov (United States)

Boone, J M; Seibert, J A

1997-11-01

A tungsten anode spectral model using interpolating polynomials (TASMIP) was used to compute x-ray spectra at 1 keV intervals over the range from 30 kV to 140 kV. The TASMIP is not semi-empirical and uses no physical assumptions regarding x-ray production, but rather interpolates measured constant potential x-ray spectra published by Fewell et al. [Handbook of Computed Tomography X-ray Spectra (U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1981)]. X-ray output measurements (mR/mAs measured at 1 m) were made on a calibrated constant potential generator in our laboratory from 50 kV to 124 kV, and with 0-5 mm added aluminum filtration. The Fewell spectra were slightly modified (numerically hardened) and normalized based on the attenuation and output characteristics of a constant potential generator and metal-insert x-ray tube in our laboratory. Then, using the modified Fewell spectra of different kVs, the photon fluence phi at each 1 keV energy bin (E) over energies from 10 keV to 140 keV was characterized using polynomial functions of the form phi (E) = a0[E] + a1[E] kV + a2[E] kV2 + ... + a(n)[E] kVn. A total of 131 polynomial functions were used to calculate accurate x-ray spectra, each function requiring between two and four terms. The resulting TASMIP algorithm produced x-ray spectra that match both the quality and quantity characteristics of the x-ray system in our laboratory. For photon fluences above 10% of the peak fluence in the spectrum, the average percent difference (and standard deviation) between the modified Fewell spectra and the TASMIP photon fluence was -1.43% (3.8%) for the 50 kV spectrum, -0.89% (1.37%) for the 70 kV spectrum, and for the 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130 and 140 kV spectra, the mean differences between spectra were all less than 0.20% and the standard deviations were less than approximately 1.1%. The model was also extended to include the effects of generator-induced kV ripple. Finally, the x-ray photon fluence in the units of

Comparison of x-ray computed tomography, through-transmission ultrasound, and low-kV x-ray imaging for characterizing green-state ceramics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Roberts, R.A.; Ellingson, W.A.; Vannier, M.W.

1985-06-01

Green-state MgAl 2 O 4 compact disk specimens have been studied by x-ray computed tomography (CT), through-transmission pulsed ultrasound, and low-kV x-ray imaging to compare the abilities of these nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods to detect flaws and density variations. X-ray computed tomographic images were obtained from a 125-kV (peak) imaging system with a 512 x 512 matrix and a pixel size of 100 μm. A 3- to 10- MHz focused-beam ultrasonic transducer was used, together with special immersion techniques, to obtain topographical maps of acoustic attenuation and phase velocity; a 30 x 30 matrix was used in the ultrasonic scans. A 35-kV x-ray system with high-resolution type RR film was used to obtain conventional radiographs. Large-scale nonuniform density gradients were detected with CT and ultrasonics in supposedly uniform ceramic disks. In addition, inclusions in the green-state samples were detected by all three methods, with each method providing certain advantages. The influence of grain structure and other ceramic powder characteristics will be examined in the future. 5 refs., 9 figs

Multiwavelength Observations of Markarian 421 During a TeV/X-Ray Flare

Science.gov (United States)

Bertsch, D. L.; Bruhweiler, F.; Macomb, D. J.; Cheng, K.-P.; Carter-Lewis, D. A.; Akerlof, C. W.; Aller, H. D.; Aller, M. F.; Buckley, J. H.; Cawley, M. F.

1995-01-01

A TeV flare from the BL Lac object Mrk 421 was detected in May of 1994 by the Whipple Observatory air Cherenkov experiment during which the flux above 250 GeV increased by nearly an order of magnitude over a 2-day period. Contemporaneous observations by ASCA showed the X-ray flux to be in a very high state. We present these results, combined with the first ever simultaneous or nearly simultaneous observations at GeV gamma-ray, UV, IR, mm, and radio energies for this nearest BL Lac object. While the GeV gamma-ray flux increased slightly, there is little evidence for variability comparable to that seen at TeV and X-ray energies. Other wavelengths show even less variability. This provides important constraints on the emission mechanisms at work. We present the multiwavelength spectrum of this gamma-ray blazar for both quiescent and flaring states and discuss the data in terms of current models of blazar emission.

New Observations of Soft X-ray (0.5-5 keV) Solar Spectra

Science.gov (United States)

Caspi, A.; Woods, T. N.; Mason, J. P.; Jones, A. R.; Warren, H. P.

2013-12-01

The solar corona is the brightest source of X-rays in the solar system, and the X-ray emission is highly variable on many time scales. However, the actual solar soft X-ray (SXR) (0.5-5 keV) spectrum is not well known, particularly during solar quiet periods, as, with few exceptions, this energy range has not been systematically studied in many years. Previous observations include high-resolution but very narrow-band spectra from crystal spectrometers (e.g., Yohkoh/BCS), or integrated broadband irradiances from photometers (e.g., GOES/XRS, TIMED/XPS, etc.) that lack detailed spectral information. In recent years, broadband measurements with moderate energy resolution (~0.5-0.7 keV FWHM) were made by SphinX on CORONAS-Photon and SAX on MESSENGER, although they did not extend to energies below ~1 keV. We present observations of solar SXR emission obtained using new instrumentation flown on recent SDO/EVE calibration rocket underflights. The photon-counting spectrometer, a commercial Amptek X123 with a silicon drift detector and an 8 μm Be window, measures the solar disk-integrated SXR emission from ~0.5 to >10 keV with ~0.15 keV FWHM resolution and 1 s cadence. A novel imager, a pinhole X-ray camera using a cooled frame-transfer CCD (15 μm pixel pitch), Ti/Al/C filter, and 5000 line/mm Au transmission grating, images the full Sun in multiple spectral orders from ~0.1 to ~5 nm with ~10 arcsec/pixel and ~0.01 nm/pixel spatial and spectral detector scales, respectively, and 10 s cadence. These instruments are prototypes for future CubeSat missions currently being developed. We present new results of solar observations on 04 October 2013 (NASA sounding rocket 36.290). We compare with previous results from 23 June 2012 (NASA sounding rocket 36.286), during which solar activity was low and no signal was observed above ~4 keV. We compare our spectral and imaging measurements with spectra and broadband irradiances from other instruments, including SDO/EVE, GOES/XRS, TIMED

Non-destructive test for VHTR fuel using 160kV X-ray system in Hotcell

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kim, Young Jun; Yoo, Boung Ok; Choo, Yong sun; Baik Sang youl; Kim, Hee Moon; Ahn, Sang Bok [KAERI, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)

2016-05-15

The research for VHTR which is one of the next generation reactor has been actively carried out. As a part of the research for VHTR, an irradiation examination for the VHTR fuel was performed to confirm an in-pile behavior in HANARO. The non-destructive test for the irradiated fuel is very important to understand the in-pile behavior of the fuel. Especially, the X-ray system is useful to observe the fuel shape without destruction. A dimensional change and defect of the fuel can be confirmed thorough the Xray system. Also, using the 3-D software and CT technology, the fuel shape can be intuitionally observed. The 450kV and 160kV X-ray system were installed and operated in IMEF hotcell. The 160kV X-ray system relatively using a low voltage is suitable to a small scale sample. And high resolution images can be obtained. In this study, the non-destructive test for the unirradiated and irradiated VHTR fuel were performed using the 160kV X-ray system. Through these test, the possibility for the X-ray inspection of irradiated fuel was confirmed. The non-destructive test for the unirradiated and irradiated VHTR fuel were performed using the 160kV X-ray system. The clear images of the irradiated coated particle were produced without the radiation damage during the Xray inspection. The X-ray images of the VHTR fuel will be utilized as the in-pile performance validation data.

Non-destructive test for VHTR fuel using 160kV X-ray system in Hotcell

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Young Jun; Yoo, Boung Ok; Choo, Yong sun; Baik Sang youl; Kim, Hee Moon; Ahn, Sang Bok

2016-01-01

The research for VHTR which is one of the next generation reactor has been actively carried out. As a part of the research for VHTR, an irradiation examination for the VHTR fuel was performed to confirm an in-pile behavior in HANARO. The non-destructive test for the irradiated fuel is very important to understand the in-pile behavior of the fuel. Especially, the X-ray system is useful to observe the fuel shape without destruction. A dimensional change and defect of the fuel can be confirmed thorough the Xray system. Also, using the 3-D software and CT technology, the fuel shape can be intuitionally observed. The 450kV and 160kV X-ray system were installed and operated in IMEF hotcell. The 160kV X-ray system relatively using a low voltage is suitable to a small scale sample. And high resolution images can be obtained. In this study, the non-destructive test for the unirradiated and irradiated VHTR fuel were performed using the 160kV X-ray system. Through these test, the possibility for the X-ray inspection of irradiated fuel was confirmed. The non-destructive test for the unirradiated and irradiated VHTR fuel were performed using the 160kV X-ray system. The clear images of the irradiated coated particle were produced without the radiation damage during the Xray inspection. The X-ray images of the VHTR fuel will be utilized as the in-pile performance validation data.

X-ray ordinance (RoeV) with regulations for implementation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bischof, W.

1977-01-01

The commentary contains, along with an introduction, a detailed survey of the implementation regulations issued by the Bundeslaender, and in those instances where individual regulations are commented upon, information is also given on which authority or institution is responsible for the administrative tasks in the various Laender according to the X-ray Ordinance. Special attention is paid to the application of X-rays in medicine (sections 20 through 29 RoeV), taking into consideration the recommendations of the ICRP. In the annex to the commentary, all guidelines for implementing the X-ray Ordinance, issued by the Federal Ministry for Youth, Family, and Health and the Federal Ministry for Labour and Social Affairs up to this date, are presented with their full wording. (orig./HP) [de

Novel opportunities for sub-meV inelastic X-ray scattering at high-repetition rate self-seeded X-ray free-electron lasers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chubar, Oleg; Kocharyan, Vitali; Saldin, Evgeni; Serkez, Svitozar; Shvyd'ko, Yuri

2015-08-01

Inelastic X-ray scattering (IXS) is an important tool for studies of equilibrium dynamics in condensed matter. A new spectrometer recently proposed for ultra-high-resolution IXS (UHRIX) has achieved 0.6 meV and 0.25 nm -1 spectral and momentum transfer resolutions, respectively. However, further improvements down to 0.1 meV and 0.02 nm -1 are required to close the gap in energy-momentum space between high and low frequency probes. We show that this goal can be achieved by further optimizing the X-ray optics and by increasing the spectral flux of the incident X-ray pulses. UHRIX performs best at energies from 5 to 10 keV, where a combination of self-seeding and undulator tapering at the SASE-2 beamline of the European XFEL promises up to a hundred-fold increase in average spectral flux compared with nominal SASE pulses at saturation, or three orders of magnitude more than possible with storage-ring based radiation sources. Wave-optics propagation shows that about 7 x 10 12 ph/s in a 90-μeV bandwidth can be achieved on the sample. This will provide unique new possibilities for dynamics studies by IXS.

Mobility Patterns Informing V2X Research Projects: Eco-Routing and Electrified Roadway Project Examples

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gonder, Jeff; Brooker, Aaron; Burton, Evan; Wang, Lijuan; Wood, Eric

2016-05-19

Presentation given at an 'Expert Workshop on V2X Enabled Electric Vehicles' hosted at NREL on behalf of the International Energy Agency (IEA) Hybrid and Electric Vehicle Implementing Agreement for Task 28: Home Grids and V2X Technologies.

Bragg concentrators for hard (> 10keV) x-ray astronomy: Status report

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Pareschi, G.; Frontera, F.; Pasqualini, G.

1997-01-01

The use of focusing telescopes in hard X-ray (E > 10 keV) astronomy will provide better flux sensitivity and imaging performances with respect to the direct-viewing detectors, utilized until now. We present recent results obtained from our group regarding the possible use of Bragg-diffraction tec......The use of focusing telescopes in hard X-ray (E > 10 keV) astronomy will provide better flux sensitivity and imaging performances with respect to the direct-viewing detectors, utilized until now. We present recent results obtained from our group regarding the possible use of Bragg...

Crosschecking of alpha particle monitor reactions up to 50 MeV

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Takács, S., E-mail: stakacs@atomki.hu [Institute for Nuclear Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 4026 Debrecen (Hungary); Ditrói, F.; Szűcs, Z. [Institute for Nuclear Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 4026 Debrecen (Hungary); Haba, H.; Komori, Y. [Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Wako 351-0198 (Japan); Aikawa, M. [Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810 (Japan); Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Wako 351-0198 (Japan); Saito, M. [Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810 (Japan); Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Wako 351-0198 (Japan)

2017-04-15

Selected reactions with well-defined excitation functions can be used to monitor the parameters of charged particle beams. The frequently used reactions for monitoring alpha particle beams are the {sup 27}Al(α,x){sup 22,24}Na, {sup nat}Ti(α,x){sup 51}Cr, {sup nat}Cu(α,x){sup 66,67}Ga and {sup nat}Cu(α,x){sup 65}Zn reactions. The excitation functions for these reactions were studied using the activation method and stacked target irradiation technique to crosscheck and to compare the above six reactions. Thin metallic foils with natural isotopic composition and well defined thickness were stacked together in sandwich targets and were irradiated at the AVF cyclotron of RIKEN with an alpha particle beam of 51.2 MeV. The activity of the target foils were assessed by using high-resolution gamma spectrometers of high purity Ge detectors. The data sets of the six processes were crosschecked with each other to provide consistent, cross-linked numerical cross section data.

Observation of the suppression of the flux of cosmic rays above 4x10(19) eV

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Abraham, J.; Abreu, P.; Aglietta, M.; Aguirre, C.; Allard, D.; Allekotte, I.; Allen, J.; Allison, P.; Alvarez-Muniz, J.; Ambrosio, M.; Anchordoqui, L.; Andringa, S.; Anzalone, A.; Aramo, C.; Argiro, S.; Arisaka, K.; Armengaud, E.; Arneodo, F.; Arqueros, F.; Asch, T.; Asorey, H.; Assis, P.; Atulugama, B. S.; Aublin, J.; Ave, M.; Avila, G.; Backer, T.; Badagnani, D.; Barbosa, A. F.; Barnhill, D.; Barroso, S. L. C.; Baughman, B.; Bauleo, P.; Beatty, J. J.; Beau, T.; Becker, B. R.; Becker, K. H.; Bellido, J. A.; BenZvi, S.; Berat, C.; Bergmann, T.; Bernardini, P.; Bertou, X.; Biermann, P. L.; Billoir, P.; Blanch-Bigas, O.; Blanco, F.; Blasi, P.; Bleve, C.; Mer, H. Blu; Bohacova, M.; Bonifazi, C.; Bonino, R.; Brack, J.; Brogueira, P.; Brown, W. C.; Buchholz, P.; Bueno, A.; Burton, R. E.; Busca, N. G.; Caballero-Mora, K. S.; Cai, B.; Camin, D. V.; Caramete, L.; Caruso, R.; Carvalho, W.; Castellina, A.; Catalano, O.; Cataldi, G.; Cazon, L.; Cester, R.; Chauvin, J.; Chiavassa, A.; Chinellato, J. A.; Chou, A.; Chudoba, J.; Chye, J.; Clark, P. D. J.; Clay, R. W.; Colombo, E.; Conceicao, R.; Connolly, B.; Contreras, F.; Coppens, J.; Cordier, A.; Cotti, U.; Coutu, S.; Covault, C. E.; Creusot, A.; Criss, A.; Cronin, J.; Curutiu, A.; Dagoret-Campagne, S.; Daumiller, K.; Dawson, B. R.; de Almeida, R. M.; de Donato, C.; de Jong, S. J.; De La Vega, G.; Junior, W. J. M. de Mello; de Mello Neto, J. R. T.; De Mitri, I.; de Souza, V.; del Peral, L.; Deligny, O.; Della Selva, A.; Delle Fratte, C.; Dembinski, H.; Di Giulio, C.; Diaz, J. C.; Diep, P. N.; Dobrigkeit, C.; D'Olivo, J. C.; Dong, P. N.; Dornic, D.; Dorofeev, A.; dos Anjos, J. C.; Dova, M. T.; D'Urso, D.; Dutan, I.; DuVernois, M. A.; Engel, R.; Epele, L.; Escobar, C. O.; Etchegoyen, A.; Luis, P. Facal San; Falcke, H.; Farrar, G.; Fauth, A. C.; Fazzini, N.; Ferrer, F.; Ferrero, A.; Fick, B.; Filevich, A.; Filipcic, A.; Fleck, I.; Fracchiolla, C. E.; Fulgione, W.; Garcia, B.; Gamez, D. Garcia; Garcia-Pinto, D.; Garrido, X.; Geenen, H.; Gelmini, G.; Gemmeke, H.; Ghia, P. L.; Giller, M.; Glass, H.; Gold, M. S.; Golup, G.; Albarracin, F. Gomez; Berisso, M. Gomez; Goncalves, P.; do Amaral, M. Goncalves; Gonzalez, D.; Gonzalez, J. G.; Gonzalez, M.; Gora, D.; Gorgi, A.; Gouffon, P.; Grassi, V.; Grillo, A. F.; Grunfeld, C.; Guardincerri, Y.; Guarino, F.; Guedes, G. P.; Gutierrez, J.; Hague, J. D.; Halenka, V.; Hamilton, J. C.; Hansen, P.; Harari, D.; Harmsma, S.; Harton, J. L.; Haungs, A.; Hauschildt, T.; Healy, M. D.; Hebbeker, T.; Hebrero, G.; Heck, D.; Hojvat, C.; Holmes, V. C.; Homola, P.; Horandel, J. R.; Horneffer, A.; Hrabovsky, M.; Huege, T.; Hussain, M.; Iarlori, M.; Insolia, A.; Ionita, F.; Italiano, A.; Kaducak, M.; Kampert, K. H.; Karova, T.; Kasper, P.; Kegl, B.; Keilhauer, B.; Kemp, E.; Kieckhafer, R. M.; Klages, H. O.; Kleifges, M.; Kleinfeller, J.; Knapik, R.; Knapp, J.; Koang, D. -H.; Krieger, A.; Kroemer, O.; Kuempel, D.; Kunka, N.; Kusenko, A.; La Rosa, G.; Lachaud, C.; Lago, B. L.; Lebrun, D.; Lebrun, P.; Lee, J.; de Oliveira, M. A. Leigui; Letessier-Selvon, A.; Leuthold, M.; Lhenry-Yvon, I.; Lopez, R.; Aguera, A. Lopez; Bahilo, J. Lozano; Lucero, A.; Garcia, R. Luna; Maccarone, M. C.; Macolino, C.; Maldera, S.; Mancarella, G.; Mancenido, M. E.; Mandat, D.; Mantsch, P.; Mariazzi, A. G.; Maris, I. C.; Falcon, H. R. Marquez; Martello, D.; Martinez, J.; Bravo, O. Martinez; Mathes, H. J.; Matthews, J.; Matthews, J. A. J.; Matthiae, G.; Maurizio, D.; Mazur, P. O.; McCauley, T.; McEwen, M.; McNeil, R. R.; Medina, M. C.; Medina-Tanco, G.; Melo, D.; Menichetti, E.; Menschikov, A.; Meurer, C.; Meyhandan, R.; Micheletti, M. I.; Miele, G.; Miller, W.; Mollerach, S.; Monasor, M.; Ragaigne, D. Monnier; Montanet, F.; Morales, B.; Morello, C.; Moreno, J. C.; Morris, C.; Mostafa, M.; Muller, M. A.; Mussa, R.; Navarra, G.; Navarro, J. L.; Navas, S.; Necesal, P.; Nellen, L.; Newman-Holmes, C.; Newton, D.; Nhung, P. T.; Nierstenhoefer, N.; Nitz, D.; Nosek, D.; Nozka, L.; Oehlschlaeger, J.; Ohnuki, T.; Olinto, A.; Olmos-Gilbaja, V. M.; Ortiz, M.; Ortolani, F.; Ostapchenko, S.; Otero, L.; Pacheco, N.; Selmi-Dei, D. Pakk; Palatka, M.; Pallotta, J.; Parente, G.; Parizot, E.; Parlati, S.; Pastor, S.; Patel, M.; Paul, T.; Pavlidou, V.; Payet, K.; Pech, M.; Pekala, J.; Pelayo, R.; Pepe, I. M.; Perrone, L.; Pesce, R.; Petrera, S.; Petrinca, P.; Petrov, Y.; Pichel, A.; Piegaia, R.; Pierog, T.; Pimenta, M.; Pinto, T.; Pirronello, V.; Pisanti, O.; Platino, M.; Pochon, J.; Privitera, P.; Prouza, M.; Quel, E. J.; Rautenberg, J.; Redondo, A.; Reucroft, S.; Revenu, B.; Rezende, F. A. S.; Ridky, J.; Riggi, S.; Risse, M.; Riviere, C.; Rizi, V.; Roberts, M.; Robledo, C.; Rodriguez, G.; Martino, J. Rodriguez; Rojo, J. Rodriguez; Rodriguez-Cabo, I.; Rodriguez-Frias, M. D.; Ros, G.; Rosado, J.; Roth, M.; Rouille-d'Orfeuil, B.; Roulet, E.; Rovero, A. C.; Salamida, F.; Salazar, H.; Salina, G.; Sanchez, F.; Santander, M.; Santo, C. E.; Santos, E. M.; Sarazin, F.; Sarkar, S.; Sato, R.; Scherini, V.; Schieler, H.; Schmidt, A.; Schmidt, F.; Schmidt, T.; Scholten, O.; Schovanek, P.; Schroeder, F.; Schulte, S.; Schuessler, F.; Sciutto, S. J.; Scuderi, M.; Segreto, A.; Semikoz, D.; Settimo, M.; Shellard, R. C.; Sidelnik, I.; Siffert, B. B.; Sigl, G.; De Grande, N. Smetniansky; Smialkowski, A.; Smida, R.; Smith, A. G. K.; Smith, B. E.; Snow, G. R.; Sokolsky, P.; Sommers, P.; Sorokin, J.; Spinka, H.; Squartini, R.; Strazzeri, E.; Stutz, A.; Suarez, F.; Suomijaervi, T.; Supanitsky, A. D.; Sutherland, M. S.; Swain, J.; Szadkowski, Z.; Takahashi, J.; Tamashiro, A.; Tamburro, A.; Tarutina, T.; Tascau, O.; Tcaciuc, R.; Thao, N. T.; Thomas, D.; Ticona, R.; Tiffenberg, J.; Timmermans, C.; Tkaczyk, W.; Peixoto, C. J. Todero; Tome, B.; Tonachini, A.; Torres, I.; Travnicek, P.; Tripathi, A.; Tristram, G.; Tscherniakhovski, D.; Tuci, V.; Tueros, M.; Tunnicliffe, V.; Ulrich, R.; Unger, M.; Urban, M.; Galicia, J. F. Valdes; Valino, I.; Valore, L.; van den Berg, A. M.; van Elewyck, V.; Vazquez, R. A.; Veberic, D.; Veiga, A.; Velarde, A.; Venters, T.; Verzi, V.; Videla, M.; Villasenor, L.; Vorobiov, S.; Voyvodic, L.; Wahlberg, H.; Wahrlich, P.; Wainberg, O.; Walker, P.; Warner, D.; Watson, A. A.; Westerhoff, S.; Wieczorek, G.; Wiencke, L.; Wilczynska, B.; Wilczynski, H.; Wileman, C.; Winnick, M. G.; Wu, H.; Wundheiler, B.; Yamamoto, T.; Younk, P.; Zas, E.; Zavrtanik, D.; Zavrtanik, M.; Zaw, I.; Zepeda, A.; Ziolkowski, M.

2008-01-01

The energy spectrum of cosmic rays above 2.5 x 10(18) eV, derived from 20 000 events recorded at the Pierre Auger Observatory, is described. The spectral index gamma of the particle flux, J proportional to E(-gamma), at energies between 4 x 10(18) eV and 4 x 10(19) eV is 2.69 +/- 0.02(stat) +/-

Calibration of hard x-ray (15 - 50 keV) optics at the MPE test facility PANTER

Science.gov (United States)

Bräuninger, Heinrich; Burkert, Wolfgang; Hartner, Gisela D.; Citterio, Oberto; Ghigo, Mauro; Mazzoleni, Francesco; Pareschi, Giovanni; Spiga, Daniele

2004-02-01

The Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik (MPE) in Garching, Germany, operates the large X-ray beam line facility PANTER for testing astronomical systems. At PANTER a number of telescopes like EXOSAT, ROSAT, SAX, JET-X, ABRIXAS, XMM and SWIFT operating in the soft energy range (0.02 - 15 keV) have been successfully calibrated. In the present paper we report on an important upgrade recently implemented that enables the calibration of hard X-ray optics (from 15 up to 50 keV). Currently hard X-ray optics based on single and multilayer coating are being developed for several future X-ray missions. The hard X-ray calibrations at PANTER are carried out by a high energy source based on an electron gun and several anodes, able to cover the energy range from 4.5 up to 50 keV. It provides fluxes up to 104 counts/sec/cm2 at the instrument chamber with a stability better than 1%. As detector a pn-CCD camera operating between 0.2 and 50 keV and a collecting area of 36 cm2 is used. Taking into account the high energy resolution of the CCD (145 eV at 6 keV), a very easy way to operate the facility in hard X-ray is in energy-dispersive mode (i.e. with a broad-band beam). A double crystal monochromator is also available providing energies up to 20 keV. In this paper we present the first results obtained by using PANTER for hard X-ray characterizations, performed on prototype multilayer optics developed by the Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera (OAB), Milano, Italy, and the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), Cambridge, MA, USA.

Structural characterization of Li1.2v3o8 insertion electrodes by single-crystal x-ray-diffraction

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

De Picciotto, LA

1993-08-01

Full Text Available The crystal structures of Li1.2V3O8 and a lithiated product Li4.0V3O8 have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. The structure refinement of Li1.2V308 confirms that of Li1+xV3O8(x almost-equal-to 0) reported by Wadsley thirty...

The 7 keV axion dark matter and the X-ray line signal

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Higaki, Tetsutaro; Takahashi, Fuminobu; Tokyo Univ., Kashiwa

2014-03-01

We propose a scenario where the saxion dominates the energy density of the Universe and reheats the standard model sector via the dilatonic coupling, while its axionic partner contributes to dark matter decaying into photons via the same operator in supersymmetry. Interestingly, for the axion mass m a ≅ 7 keV and the decay constant f a ≅10 14-15 GeV, the recently discovered X-ray line at 3.5 keV in the XMM Newton X-ray observatory data can be explained. We discuss various cosmological aspects of the 7 keV axion dark matter such as the production of axion dark matter, the saxion decay process, hot dark matter and isocurvature constraints on the axion dark matter, and the possible baryogenesis scenarios.

Li3-xNaxV2(PO4)3 (0≤x≤3): Possible anode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, Pengfei; Shao, Lianyi; Qian, Shangshu; Yi, Ting-Feng; Yu, Haoxiang; Yan, Lei; Li, Peng; Lin, Xiaoting; Shui, Miao; Shu, Jie

2016-01-01

Highlights: • Li 3-x Na x V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 3) series are firstly evaluated as anode materials. • Li 3-x Na x V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 anodes show lithium storage activity in 1.0–3.0 V. • The lithium storage capability of different Li 3-x Na x V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 is compared. • Structural reversibility of Li 3-x Na x V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 is studied by in-situ XRD. - Abstract: In this paper, a series of Li 3-x Na x V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 3) are prepared by a solid state reaction and systematically evaluated as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Structural analysis shows that the phase structure of Li 3-x Na x V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 changes along with the evolution of Na content. Charge-discharge tests exhibit that Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 shows the highest initial charge specific capacity as high as 88.3 mAh g −1 among all the seven samples, and the reversible capacity is kept at 68.3 mAh g −1 after 45 cycles, corresponding to 77.3% of the initial charge capacity. With increasing of Na content in Li 3-x Na x V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 , the as-obtained sample show poorer lithium storage capability than Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 . As a result, Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 shows the inferior cycling performance than other Li 3-x Na x V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 . It can only deliver a reversible capacity of 20.9 mAh g −1 after 45 cycles, corresponding to 45.9% of the initial charge capacity. In-situ X-ray diffraction observations demonstrate that the poor electrochemical property of Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 anode is due to the irreversible structural evolution during charge-discharge process. Therefore, reducing the Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 phase in as-obtained sample is a feasible route to improve the lithium storage capability of Li 3-x Na x V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 .

The detection of hard x-rays (10-140 KeV) by channel plate electron multipliers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bateman, J.E.

1976-12-01

Results are presented indicating that hard X-rays in the energy range 10 to 50 keV can be detected with good efficiency (5 to 10%) in channel plate electron multipliers (CPEM). From 50 keV to 140 keV the detection efficiency lies in the range 1 to 2%. A simple physical model is developed which indicates that not only can good detection efficiency be obtained but that very good X-ray imaging is possible. The model predicts that with further development, a wideband, hard X-ray detector can be realised with a detection efficiency in the range 5 to 20% and spatial response better than 10 lp/mm in the energy range 10 to 140 keV. (author)

GENERALISATION DE LA METHODE VARIATIONNELLE DE KLEINERT A LA FAMILLE DE POTENTIELS V(x = ∑CiX2i

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A GRIGAHCENE

2000-12-01

Full Text Available La méthode variationnelle de Feynman-kleinert a été initialement conçue pour le calcul des grandeurs de la physique statistique. Son développement par Kleinert a permis de déterminer le spectre d’énergie d’un système soumis à un potentiel V(x = x2 + λx4. Nous nous proposons dans ce travail de généraliser la méthode de Kleinert au cas de la famille de potentiel du type V(x = Σi CiX2i . Cette classe de potentiels comprend notamment les potentiels doublement anharmoniques et celui de Varshni. Les résultats ainsi obtenus sont confrontés à ceux donnés par la littérature, et seront utilisés pour le calcul de l’énergie libre de Helmotz. Cette dernière sera comparée à celle donnée par la méthode de Feynman-Kleinert directe.

(NH4)[V1-xIIIVxIV(AsO4)F1-xOx]: A new mixed valence vanadium(III,IV) fluoro-arsenate with ferromagnetic interactions and electronic conductivity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Berrocal, Teresa; Mesa, Jose L.; Pizarro, Jose L.; Bazan, Begona; Ruiz de Larramendi, Idoia; Arriortua, Maria I.; Rojo, Teofilo

2009-01-01

A new mixed valence vanadium(III,IV) fluoro-arsenate compound, with formula (NH 4 )[V 1-x III V x IV (AsO 4 )F 1-x O x ] and KTP structure-type, has been synthesized by mild hydrothermal techniques. The crystal structure has been solved from single crystal X-ray diffraction data in the Pna2 1 orthorhombic space group. The unit-cell parameters are a=13.196(2) A, b=6.628(1) A and c=10.7379(7) A with Z=8. The final R factors were R1=0.0438 and wR2=0.0943 [all data]. The crystal structure consists of a three-dimensional framework formed by (V III,IV O 4 F 2 ) octahedra and (AsO 4 ) 3- tetrahedra arsenate oxoanions. The vanadium(III,IV) cations, from the (V III,IV O 4 F 2 ) octahedra, are linked through the fluorine atoms giving rise to zigzag chains. The ammonium cations are located in the cavities of the structure compensating the anionic charge of the [V 1-x III V x IV (AsO 4 )F 1-x O x ] - inorganic skeleton. The thermal stability limit of the phase is 345 deg. C, around to this temperature the ammonium cation and fluoride anion are lost. The IR spectrum shows the characteristic bands of the (NH 4 ) + and (AsO 4 ) 3- ions. Magnetic measurements indicate the existence of weak ferromagnetic interactions. Electronic conductivity, via a hopping mechanism, occurs with an activation energy of 0.66 eV. - Graphical abstract: Polyhedral view of the crystal structure of (NH 4 )[V III 1-x V IV x (AsO 4 )F 1-x O x

Suzaku Observation of the Dwarf Nova V893 Scorpii: The Discovery of a Partial X-Ray Eclipse

Science.gov (United States)

Mukai, Koji; Zietsman, E.; Still, M.

2008-01-01

V893 Sco is an eclipsing dwarf nova that had attracted little attention from X-ray astronomers until it was proposed as the identification of an RXTE all-sky slew survey (XSS) source. Here we report on the po inted X-ray observations of this object using Suzaku. We confirm V893 Sco to be X-ray bright, whose spectrum is highly absorbed for a dwar f nova. We have also discovered a partial X-ray eclipse in V893 Sco. This is the first time that a partial eclipse is seen in Xray light c urves of a dwarf nova. We have successfully modeled the gross features of the optical and X-ray eclipse light curves using a boundary layer geometry of the X-ray emission region. Future observations may lead to confirmation of this basic picture, and allow us to place tight co nstraints on the size of the X-ray emission region. The partial X-ray eclipse therefore should make V893 Sco a key object in understanding the physics of accretion in quiescent dwarf nova.

Üheksa aastat Redmondis, Microsoftis / Raigo Neudorf

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Neudorf, Raigo

2008-01-01

Ühe esimese eestlasena Microsofti peakontoris Redmondis töötanud tarkvaraspetsialist Targo Tennisberg asus Eestis tööle Webmedia arendusjuhina. Vt. samas: Microsoft kui suur rahvaste katel; Taavi Kotka: tegu on üliandeka inimesega. Webmedia juhatuse esimehe kommentaar; Panus Microsoft Office'i väljatöötamisse

The reaction p12C→ηX from Tp=800 MeV to Tp=1500 MeV

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chiavassa, E.; Dellacasa, G.; De Marco, N.; De Oliveira Martins, O.; Gallio, M.; Guaita, P.; Musso, A.; Piccotti, A.; Scomparin, E.; Vercellin, E.

1998-01-01

The reaction p 12 C→nX has been studied, at several proton kinetic energies ranging from 800 MeV to 1500 MeV, at the proton synchrotron Saturne at Saclay. The measured doubly differential cross-sections are presented and discussed in the framework of a simple theoretical model. The model fails in describing the deepest subthreshold data while the above-threshold data are fairly well reproduced. (orig.)

The 7 keV axion dark matter and the X-ray line signal

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Higaki, Tetsutaro [KEK, Tsukuba (Japan). Theory Center; Jeong, Kwang Sik [Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany); Takahashi, Fuminobu [Tohoku Univ., Sendai (Japan). Dept. of Physics; Tokyo Univ., Kashiwa (Japan). Kavli IPMU, TODIAS

2014-03-15

We propose a scenario where the saxion dominates the energy density of the Universe and reheats the standard model sector via the dilatonic coupling, while its axionic partner contributes to dark matter decaying into photons via the same operator in supersymmetry. Interestingly, for the axion mass m{sub a} ≅ 7 keV and the decay constant f{sub a} ≅10{sup 14-15} GeV, the recently discovered X-ray line at 3.5 keV in the XMM Newton X-ray observatory data can be explained. We discuss various cosmological aspects of the 7 keV axion dark matter such as the production of axion dark matter, the saxion decay process, hot dark matter and isocurvature constraints on the axion dark matter, and the possible baryogenesis scenarios.

Novel opportunities for sub-meV inelastic X-ray scattering at high-repetition rate self-seeded X-ray free-electron lasers

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chubar, Oleg [Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY (United States). National Synchrotron Light Source II; Geloni, Gianluca; Madsen, Anders [European XFEL GmbH, Hamburg (Germany); Kocharyan, Vitali; Saldin, Evgeni; Serkez, Svitozar [Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany); Shvyd' ko, Yuri [Argonne National Laboratory, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source; Sutter, John [Diamond Light Source Ltd., Didcot (United Kingdom)

2015-08-15

Inelastic X-ray scattering (IXS) is an important tool for studies of equilibrium dynamics in condensed matter. A new spectrometer recently proposed for ultra-high-resolution IXS (UHRIX) has achieved 0.6 meV and 0.25 nm{sup -1} spectral and momentum transfer resolutions, respectively. However, further improvements down to 0.1 meV and 0.02 nm{sup -1} are required to close the gap in energy-momentum space between high and low frequency probes. We show that this goal can be achieved by further optimizing the X-ray optics and by increasing the spectral flux of the incident X-ray pulses. UHRIX performs best at energies from 5 to 10 keV, where a combination of self-seeding and undulator tapering at the SASE-2 beamline of the European XFEL promises up to a hundred-fold increase in average spectral flux compared with nominal SASE pulses at saturation, or three orders of magnitude more than possible with storage-ring based radiation sources. Wave-optics propagation shows that about 7 x 10{sup 12} ph/s in a 90-μeV bandwidth can be achieved on the sample. This will provide unique new possibilities for dynamics studies by IXS.

Prokuratuur asus uurima, kuhu kadusid EMT salajased logifailid / Mirko Ojakivi

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Ojakivi, Mirko

2008-01-01

Mobiilside operaatorite seadusest tulenevast kohutusest säilitada logifailides oma võrgus toimunud pealtkuulamiste infot ning riigikogu julgeolekuasutuste järelevalve erikomisjoni pöördumisest riigiprokuratuuri poole kriminaalmenetluse algatamiseks EMT võimaliku seaduserikkumise asjus

High reflectance Cr/C multilayer at 250 eV for soft X-ray polarimetry

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wen, Mingwu; Jiang, Li; Zhang, Zhong; Huang, Qiushi [MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Institute of Precision Optical Engineering (IPOE), School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092 (China); Wang, Zhanshan, E-mail: wangzs@tongji.edu.cn [MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Institute of Precision Optical Engineering (IPOE), School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092 (China); She, Rui; Feng, Hua [Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing (China); Wang, Hongchang [Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE (United Kingdom)

2015-10-01

X-ray reflection near 45° via multilayer mirrors can be used for astronomical polarization measurements. A Cr/C multilayer mirror (designed for X-ray polarimetry at 250 eV), with a period thickness of 3.86 nm and a bi-layer number of 100, was fabricated using direct current magnetron sputtering. Grazing incidence X-ray reflectometry at 8 keV and transmission electron microscopy were used to investigate the multilayer structure. Different models were introduced to fit the hard X-ray reflectivity curve, which indicates that the layer thickness of two materials slightly drifts from the bottom to the top of the stack. Both the chromium and carbon layers are amorphous with asymmetric interfaces, while the Cr-on-C interface is slightly wider. Based on the good quality of the multilayer structure, a high reflectivity of 21.8% for the s-polarized light was obtained at 250 eV at a grazing incidence angle of 40.7°. The fabricated Cr/C multilayer mirror exhibits high reflectivity and polarization levels in the energy region of 240 eV–260 eV. - Highlights: • We fabricated Cr/C multilayer with 3.8 nm d-spacing. • X-ray reflectometry was used to determine the exact structure of Cr/C multilayer. • A high reflectivity of 21.8% for the s-polarized light was obtained at 250 eV. • Both Cr and C were found to be amorphous with slightly asymmetric interfaces. • A 4-layer model was used to fit and explain the results.

Positioning X-Ray Film Inside A Flow Splitter

Science.gov (United States)

Darter, Charles; Pierce, Darryl

1990-01-01

Simple and inexpensive tool ensures secure placement for radiographic inspection. Holder places film positively and securely for x-ray inspection inside sections of tube with splitter welds. V-shaped piece of film fits on arms of holder. With arms squeezed together, holder inserted in opening of neck. Arms of holder cut from 0.020-in. (0.51-mm) thick stock of unspecified material.

Study of the transverse momentum distribution in the inclusive reactions K+p→K0+X between 5 and 32GeV/c and K+p→π-+X between 8.2 and 32 GeV/c

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chliapnikov, P.V.; Gerdyukov, D.N.; Klimenko, S.V.; Minaev, N.G.; Perevoztchikov, V.M.; Rubin, A.M.; Uvarov, V.A.; Vorobjev, A.P.; Grard, F.; Henri, V.P.; Windmolders, R.

1975-01-01

The analysis of the transverse momentum spectra in the inclusive reactions K + p→K 0 +X at 5, 8.2, 16 and 32GeV/c and K + p→π - +X at 8.2, 16 and 32GeV/c in terms of a Bose-Einstein distribution reveals a strong correlation between the values of the temperature and the Feynman variable x. The variation of the temperature versus the incident momentum is also discussed [fr

Characteristics of a granular electronic system in Heusler-type Fe2+xV1−xAl

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Naka, T; Sato, K; Taguchi, M; Nakane, T; Matsushita, A; Shirakawa, N; Ishikawa, F; Yamada, Yuh; Takaesu, Y; Nakama, T

2013-01-01

We report comprehensive measurements of the magnetic, transport, and thermal properties of the Heusler-type compound Fe 2+x V 1−x Al, with x values near the ferromagnetic quantum critical point, x c ∼ 0.05. At T ∼ 60 K, a prominent Schottky-like anomaly appeared in the specific heat; this anomaly was correlated with a smaller pseudo-gap formation in magnetic susceptibility, magnetoresistance, and thermoelectric power. Furthermore, a magnetic anomaly observed in the magnetic susceptibility and resistivity at T ∼ 4 K was suppressed significantly by applying a magnetic field. A magnetically inhomogeneous phase arose below T ∼ 60 K, which appeared to consist of ferromagnetic and paramagnetic clusters. (paper)

Adjustment of a low energy, X-rays generator (6 kV - 50 mA). Application to X-rays detectors calibration

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Legistre, C.

1995-02-01

The aim of this memoir is the calibration of an aluminium photocathode X-rays photoelectric detector, in the spectral range 0,5 keV - 1,5 KeV, with a continuous X-ray source. The detectors's calibration consist to measure the detector's sensitivity versus incident energy. In order to produce monochromatic incident beam on the detector, we used a multilayer mirror whose reflectivity was characterized. The measurements are compared to those realized in an other laboratory. (authors). 36 refs., 61 figs., 13 tabs., 2 photos

A New Observation of the Quiet Sun Soft X-ray (0.5-5 keV) Spectrum

Science.gov (United States)

Caspi, Amir; Woods, Thomas N.; Stone, Jordan

2013-03-01

The solar corona is the brightest source of X-rays in the solar system, and the X-ray emission is highly variable with solar activity. While this is particularly true during solar flares, when emission can be enhanced by many orders of magnitude up to gamma-ray energies, even the so-called "quiet Sun" is bright in soft X-rays (SXRs), as the 1-2 MK ambient plasma of the corona emits significant thermal bremsstrahlung up to 5 keV. However, the actual solar SXR (0.5-5 keV) spectrum is not well known, particularly during quiet periods, as, with few exceptions, this energy range has not been systematically studied in many years. Previous observations include ultra-high-resolution but very narrow-band spectra from crystral spectrometers (e.g. Yohkoh/BCS), or integrated broadband irradiances from photometers (e.g. GOES/XRS, TIMED/XPS, etc.) that lack detailed spectral information. In recent years, broadband measurements with fair energy resolution ( 0.5-0.7 keV FWHM) were made by SphinX on CORONAS-Photon and XRS on MESSENGER, although they did not extend below 1 keV. We present observations of the quiet Sun SXR emission obtained using a new SXR spectrometer flown on the third SDO/EVE underflight calibration rocket (NASA 36.286). The commercial off-the-shelf Amptek X123 silicon drift detector, with an 8-micron Be window and custom aperture, measured the solar SXR emission from 0.5 to >10 keV with 0.15 keV FWHM resolution (though, due to hardware limitations, with only 0.12 keV binning) and 2-sec cadence over 5 minutes on 23 June 2012. Despite the rising solar cycle, activity on 23 June 2012 was abnormally low, with no visible active regions and GOES XRS emission near 2010 levels; we measured no solar counts above 4 keV during the observation period. We compare our X123 measurements with spectra and broadband irradiances from other instruments, including the SphinX observations during the deep solar minimum of 2009, and with upper limits of >3 keV quiet Sun emission

Search for high entropy alloys in the X-NbTaTiZr systems (X = Al, Cr, V, Sn)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Poletti, Marco Gabriele, E-mail: marcogabriele.poletti@unito.it [Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino (Italy); Fiore, Gianluca [Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino (Italy); Szost, Blanka A. [Strategic and Emerging Technologies Team (TEC-TS), European Space Agency, ESTEC, 1 Keplerlaan, 2201 AZ Noordwijk (Netherlands); Battezzati, Livio [Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino (Italy)

2015-01-25

Highlights: • Composition of refractory high entropy alloys predicted. • Solid solutions found in VNbTaTiZr and AlNbTaTiZr. • Alloys containing Cr and Sn are multi-phased. - Abstract: High entropy alloys, i.e. solid solution phases, are sought in the X-NbTaTiZr equiatomic system where the X element was chosen as Al, Cr, V and Sn by applying recent criteria based on size and electronegativity mismatch of alloy components, number of itinerant and total valence electrons, and the temperature at which the free energy of mixing changes at the alloy composition. The alloys containing V and Al are mostly constituted by solid solutions in good agreement with prediction.

Res Publica asus Reformierakonda Tallinna võimuliidust tõrjuma / Mirko Ojakivi

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Ojakivi, Mirko

2005-01-01

Res Publica Tallinna piirkonna juhatuse liikme Siim Roode sõnul teeb Res Publica Keskerakonna Tallinna piirkonna juhatusele ettepaneku koalitsiooniläbirääkimiste alustamiseks. Lisa: Paltsu ettekäändeks Unicom

Ferrimagnetic resonance study on photo-induced magnetism in hybrid magnetic semiconductor V(TCNE)x, x ˜2 film

Science.gov (United States)

Yoo, Jung-Woo; Shima Edelstein, R.; Lincoln, D. M.; Epstein, A. J.

2007-03-01

The V(TCNE)x, x˜2 is a fully spin-polarized magnetic semiconductor, whose magnetic order exceeds room temperature (Tc > 350 K), and electronic transport follows hopping mechanism through the Coulomb energy split &*circ; subband. In addition, it was determined that this material has thermally reversible persistent change in both magnetism and conductivity driven by the optical excitation [1]. Here, we report detailed investigation on photo-induced magnetism in V(TCNE)x by employing ferrimagnetic resonance (PIFMR) study with an in-situ light illumination. Upon optical excitation (λ˜ 457.9 nm), the FMR spectra display substantial change in their linewidth and resonance field. Angular dependence analyses of line shift indicate the increase of unixial anisotropy field in the film caused by the light irradiation. The results demonstrated that the change in overall magnetic anisotropy by the illumination plays an important role in inducing photo- induced magnetism in (TCNE) class magnet. [1] J.-W. Yoo, et al. to be published in Phys. Rev. Lett.

Bragg concentrators for hard (> 10 keV) X-ray astronomy: Status report

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pareschi, G.; Pasqualini, G. [Ferrara, Univ. (Italy). Dipt. di Fisica; Frontera, F. [CNR, Bologna (Italy). Istituto di TESRE]|[Ferrara, Univ. (Italy). Dipt. di Fisica

1997-09-01

The use of focusing telescopes in hard X-ray (E > 10 keV) astronomy will provide better flux sensitivity and imaging performances with respect to the direct-viewing detectors, utilized until now. They present recent results obtained from their group regarding the possible use of Bragg-diffraction technique to design hard X-ray focusing telescopes.

Bragg concentrators for hard (> 10 keV) X-ray astronomy: Status report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pareschi, G.; Pasqualini, G.; Frontera, F.; Ferrara, Univ.

1997-01-01

The use of focusing telescopes in hard X-ray (E > 10 keV) astronomy will provide better flux sensitivity and imaging performances with respect to the direct-viewing detectors, utilized until now. They present recent results obtained from their group regarding the possible use of Bragg-diffraction technique to design hard X-ray focusing telescopes

10 CFR 51.45 - Environmental report.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... between local short-term uses of man's environment and the maintenance and enhancement of long-term...) through (2)(x) in the definition of “construction” contained in § 51.4), necessary to support the...

Synthesis and electrochemical properties of xLiMn0.9Fe0.1PO4·yLi3V2(PO4)3/C composite cathode materials for lithium–ion batteries

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wu, Ling; Lu, JiaJia; Wei, Gui; Wang, Pengfei; Ding, Hao; Zheng, Junwei; Li, Xiaowei; Zhong, Shengkui

2014-01-01

Highlights: • xLiMn 0.9 Fe 0.1 PO4·yLi 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 /C composites are prepared by a solid-state method. • The addition of Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 can improve the properties of LiMn 0.9 Fe 0.1 PO 4 . • Mutual doping occurrs between the LiMn 0.9 Fe 0.1 PO 4 and Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 phases. • 5LiMn 0.9 Fe 0.1 PO 4 ·Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 /C shows the best electrochemical properties. - Abstract: The xLiMn 0.9 Fe 0.1 PO 4 ·yLi 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 /C (x:y=1:0, 9:1 5:1, 3:1, 1:1 and 0:1) cathode materials are synthesized by a ball–milling and post–calcination method. XRD results reveal that the xLiMn 0.9 Fe 0.1 PO 4 ·yLi 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 /C (x,y≠0) composites are composed of LiMn 0.9 Fe 0.1 PO 4 and Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 phases, and no impurities are detected. In LiMn 0.9 Fe 0.1 PO 4 –Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 system, most of the manganese, iron and vanadium elements in the raw materials tend to form the two major phases, and only small amounts of V, Mn and Fe as dopants enter into the lattice of LiMn 0.9 Fe 0.1 PO 4 and Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 . Electrochemical tests show that the xLiMn 0.9 Fe 0.1 PO 4 ·yLi 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 /C (x,y≠0) composites exhibit much better performance than the single LiMn 0.9 Fe 0.1 PO 4 /C. Among the samples, 5LiMn 0.9 Fe 0.1 PO 4 ·Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 /C shows the best electrochemical performance. The sample delivers the specific capacities of 158.1, 140.7 and 100.2 mAh g −1 at 0.05, 1 and 4 C rates in the potential range of 2.5–4.5 V, and exhibits very long and flat discharge plateau around 4.0 V up to 1 C rate. The sample also shows good cycling performance at various C–rates

Metal-insulator transition in SrTi{sub 1−x}V{sub x}O{sub 3} thin films

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gu, Man [Department of Physics, University of Virginia, 382 McCormick Rd., Charlottesville, Virginia 22904 (United States); Wolf, Stuart A. [Department of Physics, University of Virginia, 382 McCormick Rd., Charlottesville, Virginia 22904 (United States); Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, 395 McCormick Rd., Charlottesville, Virginia 22904 (United States); Lu, Jiwei [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, 395 McCormick Rd., Charlottesville, Virginia 22904 (United States)

2013-11-25

Epitaxial SrTi{sub 1−x}V{sub x}O{sub 3} (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) thin films were grown on (001)-oriented (LaAlO{sub 3}){sub 0.3}(Sr{sub 2}AlTaO{sub 6}){sub 0.7} (LSAT) substrates using the pulsed electron-beam deposition technique. The transport study revealed a temperature driven metal-insulator transition (MIT) at 95 K for x = 0.67. The films with higher vanadium concentration (x > 0.67) were metallic corresponding to a Fermi liquid system. In the insulating phase (x < 0.67), the resistivity behavior was governed by Mott's variable range hopping mechanism. The possible mechanisms for the induced MIT are discussed, including the effects of electron correlation, lattice distortion, and Anderson localization.

Magnetic analysis of the V51(d,p) V52 reaction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bolta Alandete, J. M.

1966-01-01

We have analysed the protons emitted after bombardment of a Vanadium target by deuterons of 10.1 MeV using a multichannel magnetic spectrometer of high resolving power, with which we measured 24 different scattering angles covering the angular interval from 5 degree centigree to 175 degree centigree. The characteristic variation of energy with angle enable us to identify 38 groups of protons corresponding to the ground state and 37 excited states of 52 V upto an energy of 3.66 MeV; the values obtained are in perfect agreement with previously published results and seven new levels are quoted for the first time. (Author) 16 refs

Phase-contrast imaging and tomography at 60 keV using a conventional x-ray tube source

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Donath, Tilman; Bunk, Oliver; Groot, Waldemar; Bednarzik, Martin; Gruenzweig, Christian; David, Christian; Pfeiffer, Franz; Hempel, Eckhard; Popescu, Stefan; Hoheisel, Martin

2009-01-01

Phase-contrast imaging at laboratory-based x-ray sources using grating interferometers has been developed over the last few years for x-ray energies of up to 28 keV. Here, we show first phase-contrast projection and tomographic images recorded at significantly higher x-ray energies, produced by an x-ray tube source operated at 100 kV acceleration voltage. We find our measured tomographic phase images in good agreement with tabulated data. The extension of phase-contrast imaging to this significantly higher x-ray energy opens up many applications of the technique in medicine and industrial nondestructive testing.

Lead-free Perovskite Materials (NH4 )3 Sb2 Ix Br9-x.

Science.gov (United States)

Zuo, Chuantian; Ding, Liming

2017-06-01

A family of perovskite light absorbers (NH 4 ) 3 Sb 2 I x Br 9-x (0≤x≤9) was prepared. These materials show good solubility in ethanol, a low-cost, hypotoxic, and environmentally friendly solvent. The light absorption of (NH 4 ) 3 Sb 2 I x Br 9-x films can be tuned by adjusting I and Br content. The absorption onset for (NH 4 ) 3 Sb 2 I x Br 9-x films changes from 558 nm to 453 nm as x changes from 9 to 0. (NH 4 ) 3 Sb 2 I 9 single crystals were prepared, exhibiting a hole mobility of 4.8 cm 2  V -1  s -1 and an electron mobility of 12.3 cm 2  V -1  s -1 . (NH 4 ) 3 Sb 2 I 9 solar cells gave an open-circuit voltage of 1.03 V and a power conversion efficiency of 0.51 %. © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Spectra of γ-rays from capture of 2 eV to 9 x 104 eV neutrons by 181Ta

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stelts, M.L.

Using new experimental techniques, the spectra of γ-rays from the capture of neutrons by 181 Ta were measured at the Livermore 100-MeV linac for neutrons from 2 eV to 9 x 10 4 eV with a (Ge(Li)-NaI) three-crystal spectrometer. Individual primary γ-ray lines were resolved to 1778-keV excitation in 182 Ta. Neutron resonances were resolved to 200-eV neutron energy. Data analysis techniques and codes were developed to extract positions and intensities of resolved transitions from the large data matrices accumulated in this experiment. Techniques were developed to unfold the unresolved γ-ray spectra using the simple response of the three-crystal spectrometer. The resolved transition data were used to place 110 states with spin and parity assignments in the 182 Ta level diagram below 1780-keV excitation. A set of 1240 E1 transition strengths were analyzed to extract 1.38 +- 0.11 degrees of freedom for the most likely chisquared fit to the distribution of widths. The E1 strength function was extracted for E/sub gamma/ = 4 to 6 MeV and compared with previous results. The γ-ray spectra for E/sub gamma/ = 1.5 to 6.1 MeV were unfolded for neutron energy groups between 20 and 9 x 10 4 eV. Below 5-MeV γ-ray energy no dependence of the spectral shape on neu []ron energy was observed. (30 figures, 4 tables) (auth)

20 GeV e+ x 400 GeV p: some synchrotron radiation considerations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Humphrey, J.W.; Limon, P.J.

1977-01-01

The possibility of a 20 GeV electron ring in the 400 x 400 GeV 2 ISABELLE tunnel is considered. The conclusions that can be drawn from these considerations are: (1) much work remains to be done on the implications of synchrotron radiation for insertion design; (2) in the absence of considerations concerning insertion areas with longitudinal polarization, placing the electron ring in the same vertical plane as the electron ring is mildly favored; (3) creating insertions for longitudinally polarized electrons is difficult, and elementary considerations indicate that the synchrotron radiation flux in the insertion region will increase by a factor of approximately 100 and the luminosity may decrease by a factor of approximately 10; and (4) the creation of insertions for longitudinally polarized electrons favors placing the electron ring in the same horizontal plane as the proton ring

Static and time-resolved 10-1000 keV x-ray imaging detector options for NIF

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Landen, O.L.; Bell, P.M.; McDonald, J.W.; Park, H.-S.; Weber, F.; Moody, J.D.; Lowry, M.E.; Stewart, R.E.

2004-01-01

High energy (>10 keV) x-ray self-emission imaging and radiography will be essential components of many NIF high energy density physics experiments. In preparation for such experiments, we have evaluated the pros and cons of various static [x-ray film, bare charge-coupled device (CCD), and scintillator + CCD] and time-resolved (streaked and gated) 10-1000 keV detectors

Combined x-ray crystallography and computational modeling approach to investigate the Hsp90 C-terminal peptide binding to FKBP51.

Science.gov (United States)

Kumar, Rajnish; Moche, Martin; Winblad, Bengt; Pavlov, Pavel F

2017-10-27

FK506 binding protein of 51 kDa (FKBP51) is a heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) co-chaperone involved in the regulation of steroid hormone receptors activity. It is known for its role in various regulatory pathways implicated in mood and stress-related disorders, cancer, obesity, Alzheimer's disease and corticosteroid resistant asthma. It consists of two FKBP12 like active peptidyl prolyl isomerase (PPIase) domains (an active FK1 and inactive FK2 domain) and one tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain that mediates interaction with Hsp90 via its C-terminal MEEVD peptide. Here, we report a combined x-ray crystallography and molecular dynamics study to reveal the binding mechanism of Hsp90 MEEVD peptide to the TPR domain of FKBP51. The results demonstrated that the Hsp90 C-terminal peptide binds to the TPR domain of FKBP51 with the help of di-carboxylate clamp involving Lys272, Glu273, Lys352, Asn322, and Lys329 which are conserved throughout several di-carboxylate clamp TPR proteins. Interestingly, the results from molecular dynamics study are also in agreement to the complex structure where all the contacts between these two partners were consistent throughout the simulation period. In a nutshell, our findings provide new opportunity to engage this important protein-protein interaction target by small molecules designed by structure based drug design strategy.

Structural phase transitions in Bi[sub 2]V[sub 1[minus]x]Ge[sub x]O[sub 5. 5[minus]x/2] (x = 0. 2, 0. 4, and 0. 6) single crystals: X-ray crystallographic study

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sooryanarayana, K.; Guru Row, T.N.; Varma, K.B.R. (Indian Inst. of Science, Bangalore (India))

1999-02-01

Single crystals of Bi[sub 2]V[sub 1[minus]x]Ge[sub x]O[sub 5.5[minus]x/2] (x = 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6) were grown by slow cooling of melts. Bismuth vanadate transforms from an orthorhombic to a tetragonal structure and subsequently to an orthorhombic system when the Ge[sup 4+] concentration was varied from x = 0.2 to x = 0.6. All of these compositions crystallized in polar space groups (Aba2, F4mm, and Fmm2 for x = 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6, respectively). The structures were fully determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies.

Neutron fragmentation in the reaction pn to pX at 19 GeV/c

CERN Document Server

Bakken, V; Lundborg, P; Makela, J; Pimiä, M; Selldén, B; Sundell, E; Tuominiemi, J

1979-01-01

Data on the reaction pn to pX are extracted from a pd experiment in the CERN 2 m DBC at 10 GeV/c. The cross-section for neutron fragmentation events with mod t mod <1 (GeV/c)/sup 2/ determined and compared with data at high energies at fixed M/sub x//sup 2//s and t. The cross-section can be described with the triple-Regge formula taking into account only the pion exchange contributions, i.e. the pi pi P and pi pi R terms. A leading-particle effect consistent with the pion exchange model is observed in the longitudinal-momentum distribution of the negative pions in the final state of the reaction pn to pX, when transformed to the rest frame of the recoiling system X. (10 refs).

I-V Characteristics of PtxCo1−x (x = 0.2, 0.5, and 0.7 Thin Films

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M. Erkovan

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Three different chemical ratios of PtxCo1−x thin films were grown on p-type native oxide Si (100 by Magneto Sputtering System with cosputtering technique at 350°C temperature to investigate electrical prosperities. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis technique was used to specify chemical ratios of these films. The current-voltage (I-V measurements of metal-semiconductor (MS Schottky diodes were carried out at room temperature. From the I-V analysis of the samples, ideality factor (n, barrier height (ϕ, and contact resistance values were determined by using thermionic emission (TE theory. Some important parameters such as barrier height, ideality factor, and serial resistance were calculated from the I-V characteristics based on thermionic emission mechanism. The ideality factors of the samples were not much greater than unity, and the serial resistances of the samples were also very low.

Non-volatile resistive switching in the Mott insulator (V1-xCrx)2O3

Science.gov (United States)

Querré, M.; Tranchant, J.; Corraze, B.; Cordier, S.; Bouquet, V.; Députier, S.; Guilloux-Viry, M.; Besland, M.-P.; Janod, E.; Cario, L.

2018-05-01

The discovery of non-volatile resistive switching in Mott insulators related to an electric-field-induced insulator to metal transition (IMT) has paved the way for their use in a new type of non-volatile memories, the Mott memories. While most of the previous studies were dedicated to uncover the resistive switching mechanism and explore the memory potential of chalcogenide Mott insulators, we present here a comprehensive study of resistive switching in the canonical oxide Mott insulator (V1-xCrx)2O3. Our work demonstrates that this compound undergoes a non-volatile resistive switching under electric field. This resistive switching is induced by a Mott transition at the local scale which creates metallic domains closely related to existing phases of the temperature-pressure phase diagram of (V1-xCrx)2O3. Our work demonstrates also reversible resistive switching in (V1-xCrx)2O3 crystals and thin film devices. Preliminary performances obtained on 880 nm thick layers with 500 nm electrodes show the strong potential of Mott memories based on the Mott insulator (V1-xCrx)2O3.

The relative biological effectiveness of 60Co γ-rays, 55 kVp X-rays, 250 kVp X-rays, and 11 MeV electrons at low doses

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Spadinger, I.; Palcic, B.

1992-01-01

The RBE of selected low-LET radiation modalities (55 kVp X- rays, 250 kVp X-rays, 60 Co γ-rays, and 11 MeV electrons) was investigated for survival of two cell lines (V79 and CHO). Detailed measurements were made in the 0 to 3 Gy dose range using an image cytometry device to accurately determine the number of cells assayed at each dose point. Data were also collected in the high dose range (0 to 10 Gy) using conventional counting and plating techniques. RBE values (#+- #1 SE) varied from 1.0±0.07 (V79 cells) and 1.2± 0.05 (CHO cells) at high doses to 1.3±0.07 (V79) and 1.4±0.1 (CHO) at low doses for 55 kVp X-rays, from 1.1±0.05 (V79) and 1.1±0.04 (CHO) at high doses to 1.1±0.06 (V79) and 1.2±0.2 (CHO) at low doses for 250 kVp X-rays, and from 1.1±0.08 (V79) and 1.0±0.04 (CHO) at high doses to 1.0±0.06 (V79) and 0.9±0.1 (CHO) at low doses for 11 MeV electrons. Only the low and high dose RBEs for 55 kVp X-rays relative to 60 Co γ-rays were significantly different. (author)

NMR Studies of the Vanadium Spin Dynamics and Spin Structure in LiV₂O₄, CaV₂O₄, and (Li_xV_1-x)₃BO₅ (x ≈ 0.33, 0.40)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zong, Xiaopeng [Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States)

2007-01-01

Strong electron correlation is believed to be an essential and unifying factor in diverse properties of condensed matter systems. Ground states that can arise due to electron correlation effects include Mott insulators, heavy fermion, ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism, spin glasses, and high-temperature superconductivity. The electronic systems in transition metal oxide compounds are often highly correlated. In this thesis, the author presents experimental studies on three strongly correlated vanadium oxide compounds: LiV₂O₄, (Li_xV_1-x)₃BO₅, and CaV₂O₄, which have completely different ground states.

Lax-Phillips scattering theory with perturbations of the type: V(x)=(φ(x))/|x|β, where β=2-(n)/s, φ is an element of Ls(Rn), s > 2 and s ≥ (n)/2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brambila-Paz, F.; Duong Minh Duc.

1990-12-01

A scattering theory for the wave equation with compactly supported perturbations was developed by Lax-Phillips in 1967. Using Enss approach, Phillips developed a Lax-Phillips scattering theory with short range perturbations of the type: V(x)=o((1)/|x| β ), β > 2. In this paper we develop a scattering theory for more general perturbations, i.e. for V(x)=(φ(x))/|x| β , where β=2-(n)/s, φ is an element of L s (R n ), s > 2 and s ≥ (n)/2. Refs

Excitation functions of alpha particle induced reactions on {sup nat}Ti up to 40 MeV

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Uddin, M.S., E-mail: md.shuzauddin@yahoo.com [Tandem Accelerator Facilities, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Savar, Dhaka (Bangladesh); Scholten, B. [Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5:Nuklearchemie, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich (Germany)

2016-08-01

Excitation functions of the reactions {sup nat}Ti(α,x){sup 48}Cr, {sup nat}Ti(α,x){sup 48}V and {sup nat}Ti(α,x){sup 46,48}Sc were determined by the stacked-foil activation technique up to 40 MeV. The radioactivities produced in the {sup nat}Ti target were measured by γ-ray spectrometry using HPGe detector. The reaction {sup nat}Ti(α,x){sup 51}Cr was used to determine the beam parameters. New experimental values for the above reactions have been obtained. An intercomparison of our data with the available literature values has been done. The cross section results obtained in this work could be useful in defining new monitor reactions, radiation safety and isotope production.

Laser interaction with matter as a source of U.V. and soft X-ray radiation: application to X-ray cinematography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tonon, G.F.; Colombant, Denis; Delmare, Claude; Rabeau, Maxime

A new detecting device is described. It allows one to get the frequency, the time and space resolution of pictures of U.V. and soft X ray emission of a laser created plasma in a single shot: X ray pictures of such a plasma are presented. After these preliminary results, it is possible to set up readily an X ray framing camera. A laser created plasma is an X ray source of special interest: the emitted power can be 10% of the laser intensity and the emitted spectrum is centered around 1A wavelength [fr

Magnetic analysis of the V{sup 5}1 (d,p)V{sup 5}2 reaction; Analisis Magnetico de la Reaccion 51{sup V}(d,p) 52{sup V}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bolta Alandete, J M

1966-07-01

We have analysed the protons emitted after bombardment of a Vanadium target by deuterons of 10.1 MeV using a multichannel magnetic spectrometer of high resolving power, with which we measured 24 different scattering angles covering the angular interval from 5 degree centigree to 175 degree centigree. The characteristic variation of energy with angle enable us to identify 38 groups of protons corresponding to the ground state and 37 excited states of 52{sup V} upto an energy of 3.66 MeV; the values obtained are in perfect agreement with previously published results and seven new levels are quoted for the first time. (Author) 16 refs.

Optical spectroscopy of the Be/X-ray binary V850 Centauri/GX 304-1 during faint X-ray periodical activity

Science.gov (United States)

Malacaria, C.; Kollatschny, W.; Whelan, E.; Santangelo, A.; Klochkov, D.; McBride, V.; Ducci, L.

2017-07-01

Context. Be/X-ray binaries (BeXRBs) are the most populous class of high-mass X-ray binaries. Their X-ray duty cycle is tightly related to the optical companion wind activity, which in turn can be studied through dedicated optical spectroscopic observations. Aims: We study optical spectral features of the Be circumstellar disk to test their long-term variability and their relation with the X-ray activity. Special attention has been given to the Hα emission line, one of the best tracers of the disk conditions. Methods: We obtained optical broadband medium resolution spectra from a dedicated campaign with the Anglo-Australian Telescope and the Southern African Large Telescope in 2014-2015. Data span over one entire binary orbit, and cover both X-ray quiescent and moderately active periods. We used Balmer emission lines to follow the evolution of the circumstellar disk. Results: We observe prominent spectral features, like double-peaked Hα and Hβ emission lines. The HαV/R ratio significantly changes over a timescale of about one year. Our observations are consistent with a system observed at a large inclination angle (I ≳ 60°). The derived circumstellar disk size shows that the disk evolves from a configuration that prevents accretion onto the neutron star, to one that allows only moderate accretion. This is in agreement with the contemporary observed X-ray activity. Our results are interpreted within the context of inefficient tidal truncation of the circumstellar disk, as expected for this source's binary configuration. We derived the Hβ-emitting region size, which is equal to about half of the corresponding Hα-emitting disk, and constrain the luminosity class of V850 Cen as III-V, consistent with the previously proposed class.

X-ray absorption spectroscopy in the keV range with laser generated high harmonic radiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Seres, Enikoe; Seres, Jozsef; Spielmann, Christian

2006-01-01

By irradiating He and Ne atoms with 3 mJ, 12 fs, near infrared laser pulses from a tabletop laser system, the authors generated spatially and temporally coherent x rays up to a photon energy of 3.5 keV. With this source it is possible to use high-harmonic radiation for x-ray absorption spectroscopy in the keV range. They were able to clearly resolve the L absorption edges of titanium and copper and the K edges of aluminum and silicon. From the fine structure of the x-ray absorption they estimated the interatomic distances

A new hybrid target concept for multi-keV X-ray sources

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Primout, M.; Babonneau, D.; Jacquet, L.; Villette, B.; Girard, F.; Brebion, D.; Stemmler, P.; Fournier, K.B.; Marrs, R.; May, M.J.; Heeter, R.F.; Wallace, R.J.; Nishimura, H.; Fujioka, S.; Tanabe, M.; Nagai, H.

2013-01-01

A novel concept for using hybrid targets to create multi-keV X-ray sources was tested on the GEKKO XII facility of the Osaka University and on the OMEGA facility of the University of Rochester. The sources were made via laser irradiation of a titanium foil placed at the end of a plastic cylinder, filled with a very low-density (2 and 5 mg/cm 3 ) silicon-dioxide aerogel that was designed to control the longitudinal expansion of the titanium plasma. Preliminary calculations were used to determine optimal conditions for the aerogel density, cylinder diameter and length that maximize multi-keV X-ray emission. The X-ray emission power was measured on OMEGA using absolutely calibrated broad-band, diode-based CEA diagnostics, in addition to high resolution crystal spectrometers. On GEKKO XII, the heat wave propagation velocity in the aerogel was also measured with an X-ray framing camera. The advantage of using the thermal wave generated in the aerogel to heat a solid material to increase the conversion efficiency has not been fully demonstrated in these experiments. However, it was shown that a 5 mg/cm 3 aerogel placed in front of a titanium foil can improve the x-ray conversion efficiency with respect to the case of 2 mg/cm 3 for some target diameter and length. (authors)

Microstructural and mechanical characterization of the parabolic spring steel 51CrV4

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Koemec, Aydin [TT Celikyay Co., Duezce (Turkey); Dikci, Kazim [TT Celikyay Co., Duezce (Turkey). Quality Dept.; Atapek, S. Hakan; Polat, Seyda; Aktas Celik, Guelsah [Kocaeli Univ. (Turkey). Dept. of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering

2017-07-01

Findings about the microstructural features of, spring steels are necessary for the producers to enhance their mechanical properties. There are several reports revealing the basic relation between microstructure and fatigue performance. However, the results are commonly obtained from universal test procedures and have limited use due to the lack of real service conditions. In this study, the microstructural features of 51CrV4 alloy, used as spring steel component, were investigated by metallographic examinations starting from raw material to the final product. Its fatigue behavior was investigated using a self-designed test machine and a test procedure approved by the automotive industry to simulate the service conditions. Fractographic examination of fatigue failed surface was carried out to specify the effect of microstructural features on the fracture. It was concluded that (i) both oxide and decarburization layers were minimized by shot peening and (ii) although tested samples had superior fatigue resistance and failed above 10{sup 5} cycles limit, oxide layer played a major role for crack initiation.

Atmospheres of Two Super-Puffs: Transmission Spectra of Kepler 51b and Kepler 51d

Science.gov (United States)

Roberts, Jessica; Berta-Thompson, Zachory K.; Desert, Jean-Michel; Deck, Katherine; Fabrycky, Daniel; Fortney, Jonathan J.; Line, Michael R.; Lopez, Eric; Masuda, Kento; Morley, Caroline; Sanchis Ojeda, Roberto; Winn, Joshua N.

2018-06-01

The Kepler 51 system hosts three transiting, extremely low-mass, low-density exoplanets. These planets orbit a young G type star at periods of 45, 85 and 130 days, placing them outside of the regime for the inflated hot-Jupiters. Instead, the Kepler 51 planets are part of a rare class of exoplanets: the super-puffs. Models suggest these H/He-rich planets formed outside of the snow-line and migrated inwards, which might imply abundant water in their atmospheres. Because Kepler 51b and 51d have low surface gravities, they also have scale heights 10x larger than a typical hot-Jupiter, making them prime targets for atmospheric investigation. Kepler 51c, while also possessing a large scale height, only grazes its star during transit. We are also presented with a unique opportunity to study two super-puffs in very different temperature regimes around the same star. Therefore, we observed two transits each of both Kepler 51b and 51d with the Hubble Space Telescope’s Wide Field Camera 3 G141 grism spectroscopy. Using these data we created spectroscopic light curves that allow us to compute a transmission spectrum for each planet. We conclude that both planets have a flat transmission spectrum with a precision better than 0.6 scale heights between 1.1 and 1.7 microns. We also analyzed the transit timing variations of each planet by combining re-fitted Kepler mid-transit times with our measured HST times. From these additional timing points, we are able to better constrain the planetary masses and the dynamics of the system. With these updated masses and revisited stellar parameters, we determine precise measurements on the densities of these planets. We will present these results as well as discuss the implications for high altitude aerosols in both Kepler 51b and 51d.

X-Ray Emission from a Merger Remnant, NGC 7252 (the ``Atoms-for-Peace'' Galaxy)

Science.gov (United States)

Awaki, Hisamitsu; Matsumoto, Hironori; Tomida, Hiroshi

2002-03-01

We observed a nearby merger remnant NGC 7252 with the X-ray satellite ASCA and detected X-ray emission with the X-ray flux of (1.8+/-0.3)×10-13 ergs s-1 cm-2 in the 0.5-10 keV band. This corresponds to the X-ray luminosity of 8.1×1040 ergs s-1. The X-ray emission is well described with a two-component model: a soft component with kT=0.72+/-0.13 keV and a hard component with kT>5.1 keV. Although NGC 7252 is referred to as a dynamically young protoelliptical, the 0.5-4 keV luminosity of the soft component is about 2×1040 ergs s-1, which is low for an early-type galaxy. The ratio of LX/LFIR suggests that the soft component originated from the hot gas due to star formation. Its low luminosity can be explained by the gas ejection from the galaxy as galaxy winds. Our observation reveals the existence of hard X-ray emission with the 2-10 keV luminosity of 5.6×1040 ergs s-1. This may indicate the existence of nuclear activity or an intermediate-mass black hole in NGC 7252.

Toxicological and radiological safety of chicken meat irradiated with 7.5 MeV X-rays

Science.gov (United States)

Song, Beom-Seok; Lee, Yunjong; Park, Jong-Heum; Kim, Jae-Kyung; Park, Ha-Young; Kim, Dong-Ho; Kim, Chang-Jong; Kang, Il-Jun

2018-03-01

This study was conducted to evaluate the toxicological and radiological safety of chicken meat that had been irradiated at 30 kGy with 7.5 MeV X-rays. In a sub-chronic toxicity study, ICR mice were fed X-ray-irradiated chicken meat at 2500 mg/kg body weight daily for 90 days, and no mortality or abnormal clinical signs were observed throughout the study period. However, several hematological and serum biochemical parameters of the ICR mice differed significantly from those in the control group; nevertheless, the observed values were all within the normal range for the respective parameters. In addition, no toxicological effects were determined in male or female mice. Furthermore, no differences in gamma-ray spectrometric patterns were detected between the non-irradiated and irradiated samples, indicating that the radioactivity induced by 7.5 MeV X-ray irradiation was below the detection limit. These results tentatively suggest that chicken meat irradiated with 7.5 MeV X-rays would be safe for human consumption in terms of toxicology and radiology.

The Z accelerator as a source of > 100 kJ of x-rays above 4.8 keV

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Deeney, C.; Coverdale, C.A.; Spielman, R.B.

1998-01-01

Recent K-shell scaling experiments on the 20 MA Z accelerator at Sandia National Laboratories have shown that large diameter (40 and 55 mm) arrays can be imploded with 80 to 210 wires of titanium or stainless steel. These implosions have produced up to 150 kJ of > 4.5 keV x-rays and 65 kJ of > 6.0 keV x-rays in 7 to 18 ns FWHM pulses. This is a major advance in plasma radiation source (PRS) capability since there is presently limited test capability above 3 keV. In fact, Z produces more > 4.5 keV x-rays than previous aboveground simulators produced at 1.5 keV. Z also produces some 200 kJ of x-rays between 1 and 3 keV in a continuous spectrum for these loads. The measured spectra and yields are consistent with 1-dimensional MHD calculations performed by NRL. Thermoelastic calorimeters, PVDF gauges, and optical impulse gauges have been successfully fielded with these sources

Single shot diffraction of picosecond 8.7-keV x-ray pulses

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

F. H. O’Shea

2012-02-01

Full Text Available We demonstrate multiphoton, single shot diffraction images of x rays produced by inverse Compton scattering a high-power CO_{2} laser from a relativistic electron beam, creating a pulse of 8.7 keV x rays. The tightly focused, relatively high peak brightness electron beam and high photon density from the 2 J CO_{2} laser yielded 6×10^{7} x-ray photons over the full opening angle in a single shot. Single shot x-ray diffraction is performed by passing the x rays though a vertical slit and on to a flat silicon (111 crystal. 10^{2} diffracted photons were detected. The spectrum of the detected x rays is compared to simulation. The diffraction and detection of 10^{2} x rays is a key step to a more efficient time resolved diagnostic in which the number of observed x rays might reach 10^{4}; enabling a unique, flexible x-ray source as a sub-ps resolution diagnostic for studying the evolution of chemical reactions, lattice deformation and melting, and magnetism.

New results from Ooty EAS array for cosmic sources at PeV energies: Cygnus X-3, Crab pulsar and Sco X-1

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tonwar, S.C.; Gupta, S.K.; Gopalakrishnan, N.V.; Rajeev, M.R.; Srivatsan, R.; Sreekantan, B.V.

1990-01-01

Ooty group has reported detection of a steady signal from Cyg X-3 based on observations made during 1984-86 through detection of a directional excess. Further analysis of data has revealed a significant flux enhancement during April 1986, confirming observations reported by the CYGNUS group at Los Alamos and the Baksan group. These results show conclusively that the flux from Cyg X-3 is variable over a time scale of few weeks. We also report here the details of an unusual burst from Cyg X-3, consisting of 5 showers in 13 minutes, on June 19, 1985, which shows the variability of the flux from Cyg X-3 on a much shorter time scale of few minutes. Our analysis of showers arriving from the direction of the Crab pulsar has shown only a small time-averaged excess. But these data, when folded with the Crab pulsar period, show a very significant excess at the expected phase of the optical interpulse. This is the first detection of 33 ms pulsation in the PeV energy flux from the Crab pulsar. The exact alignment of the phase of emission over nearly 20 decades of energy, from meter wavelengths to PeV, makes the Crab pulsar a really unique source to study and understand details of mechanisms for emission and acceleration of particles in compact sources. We also present here a discussion of our observations on another X-ray binary, Sco X-1. Ooty data show a very significant excess in the number of showers from the direction of Sco X-1 during a two month period in 1986, in agreement with observations reported by the Mt. Chacaltaya group. These observations establish this X-ray binary as another important source of PeV energy radiation. (orig.)

Vanadium NMR Chemical Shifts of (Imido)vanadium(V) Dichloride Complexes with Imidazolin-2-iminato and Imidazolidin-2-iminato Ligands: Cooperation with Quantum-Chemical Calculations and Multiple Linear Regression Analyses.

Science.gov (United States)

Yi, Jun; Yang, Wenhong; Sun, Wen-Hua; Nomura, Kotohiro; Hada, Masahiko

2017-11-30

The NMR chemical shifts of vanadium ( 51 V) in (imido)vanadium(V) dichloride complexes with imidazolin-2-iminato and imidazolidin-2-iminato ligands were calculated by the density functional theory (DFT) method with GIAO. The calculated 51 V NMR chemical shifts were analyzed by the multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis (MLRA) method with a series of calculated molecular properties. Some of calculated NMR chemical shifts were incorrect using the optimized molecular geometries of the X-ray structures. After the global minimum geometries of all of the molecules were determined, the trend of the observed chemical shifts was well reproduced by the present DFT method. The MLRA method was performed to investigate the correlation between the 51 V NMR chemical shift and the natural charge, band energy gap, and Wiberg bond index of the V═N bond. The 51 V NMR chemical shifts obtained with the present MLR model were well reproduced with a correlation coefficient of 0.97.

Scattering theory for one-dimensional systems with ∫dx V(x) = 0

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bolle, D.; Gesztesy, F.; Klaus, M.

1984-01-01

Low-energy scattering for Schroedinger operators of the type H=- Δ + V in L 2 (IR) with ∫sub(R)dx V(x) = 0 is considered. The possibility of zero-energy eigenstates of H is taken into account explicitly. In particular, a Laurent expansion for the transition operator and recursion relations for its coefficients are provided and the leading behavior of the scattering operator is given all in possible cases

Observation of Hercules X-1 at energies above 50 TeV

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dingus, B.L.; Chang, C.Y.; Goodman, J.A.

1988-01-01

A search for emission from Hercules X-1 at energies above 50 TeV during the calendar period April 1986 to July 1987 yielded two significant bursts, on UT 24 July 1986. The events during these bursts were pulsed with a period of 1.2357 s, significantly different from estimates of the contemporaneous x-ray period. The probability that this represents random statistical fluctuations of the background is estimated to be 1/70000. The muon content of the burst events is anomalous when compared with expectations from gamma-ray showers. 11 refs., 1 fig

A high resolution reflecting crystal spectrometer to measure 3 keV pionic hydrogen and deuterium X-rays

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Badertscher, A.; Bogdan, M.; Goudsmit, P.F.A.; Knecht, L.; Leisi, H.J.; Schroeder, H.C.; Sigg, D.; Zhao, Z.G.; Chatellard, D.; Egger, J.P.; Jeannet, E.; Aschenauer, E.C.; Gabathuler, K.; Simons, L.M.; Rusi El Hassani, A.J.

1993-01-01

A reflecting crystal spectrometer consisting of three cylindrically bent quartz (110) crystals is described. It was designed to measure the 3 keV K β X-rays from pionic hydrogen and deuterium. Charge coupled devices (CCDs) were used as X-ray detectors. Projecting the reflexes of all three crystals on one common focus, an instrumental energy resolution below 1 eV was obtained at an energy of 2.9 keV. (orig.)

O(5)sub(L)xO(5)sub(R)xU(1)sub(V) electro-weak gauge theory and the neutrino pairing mechanism

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Samiullah, M.; Mubarak, A.

1981-08-01

The possibility of using the group O(5)sub(L)xO(5)sub(R)xU(1)sub(V) for unifying the weak and electromagnetic interactions is studied. We are led to an anomaly free theory. Potentially the theory has the advantage of incorporating the previous results. For example, all the results of O(5)sub(L)xU(1) studies are, as a special case, obtainable at low energies. In the process of breaking the symmetry down to Weinberg-Salam theory at the level of SU(2)sub(L)xSU(2)sub(R)xU(1)sub(V), we have employed the neutrino proposed by Mannheim. We have been able to reproduce several of the conventional electroweak aspects such as the parity violation in both the lepton and charged quark sectors, Weinberg mixing pattern in the neutral current sector while keeping the left-handed neutrinos massless. All the salient features of low energy phenomenology are shown to follow. (author)

(C2N2H10)[Fe xV1-x(HPO3)F3] (x = 0.44, 0.72): Two new organically templated phosphites

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cisneros, Jose L.; Fernandez-Armas, Sergio; Mesa, Jose L.; Pizarro, Jose L.; Arriortua, Maria I.; Rojo, Teofilo

2006-01-01

(C 2 N 2 H 10 )[Fe x V 1-x (HPO 3 )F 3 ] (x = 0.44, 0.72) have been synthesized using mild solvothermal conditions under autogenous pressure and the ethylenediamine molecule as templating agent. The crystal structures have been determined from X-ray single-crystal diffraction data. The compounds crystallize in the orthorhombic P2 1 2 1 2 1 space group with Z = 4 and unit-cell parameters a = 12.8494(9), b = 9.5430(6), c = 6.4372(5) A, and a = 12.8578(1), b = 9.5342(1), c = 6.4370(7) A for (C 2 N 2 H 10 )[Fe 0.44 V 0.56 (HPO 3 )F 3 ] and (C 2 N 2 H 10 )[Fe 0.72 V 0.28 (HPO 3 )F 3 ] (1) and (2), respectively. These isostructural compounds exhibit a monodimensional crystal structure formed by pillared double anionic chains with the formula [M(HPO 3 )F 3 ] 2- , extended along the [0 0 1] direction. These doubled ionic chains are the result of the linking of two simple chains in which there are alternating octahedral [MO 3 F 3 ] and tetrahedral groups [HPO 3 ]. The ethylendiammonium cations are placed in the space delimited by three different chains. The metallic ions are interconnected by the pseudo-pyramidal (HPO 3 ) 2- phosphite oxoanions, adopting a slightly distorted octahedral geometry. The IR spectra show bands corresponding to the phosphite oxoanion and the ethylendiamonium cation at 2400 and 1600 cm -1 , respectively. The thermogravimetric analyses show that these phases are stable up to ca. 280 deg. C, at higher temperatures, the decomposition of the crystal structure begins by calcination of the organic cation and the elimination of the fluoride anions. The diffuse reflectance spectra show bands of the V 3+ ion (d 2 ) in octahedral symmetry. The values of the Dq (1540, 1540 cm -1 ), and Racah parameters, B (560, 535 cm -1 ) and C (3055, 3140 cm -1 ) for (1) and (2), respectively, correspond with those usually found for octahedrically coordinated V(III) compounds. Magnetic measurements, performed on a powered sample from 5.0 to 300 K at 1000 G, in the ZFC and

Half-metallic and insulating natures in Ru-based ordered double perovskite oxides Ba{sub 2}X{sup III}Ru{sup V}O{sub 6} (X = V, Cr) induced by 3d-t{sub 2g}{sup n} orbital filling

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Saad, H.-E.M. Musa, E-mail: musa.1964@gmail.com; Althoyaib, S.S.

2017-04-01

In this paper, we present results of a comprehensive systemic study of the crystal, electronic and magnetic structures on two members of Ru-based ordered double perovskite oxides Ba{sub 2}XRuO{sub 6} (X = V, Cr). For the corporate compound, the analysis of density of states (DOS) results suggests that the 3d-t{sub 2g} orbital filling plays a major role in governing the conduction mechanism in these systems. The DOS and magnetic results show that Ba{sub 2}XRuO{sub 6} exhibits half-metallic (HM) nature as X = V, where the electronic structure of Ba{sub 2}V{sup III}Ru{sup V}O{sub 6} with 3d-t{sub 2g}{sup 2} behaves like that of HM ferrimagnetic (FI), switches to compensate FI insulating behavior as X = Cr, with an extra electron filled 3d-t{sub 2g}{sup 3} in Ba{sub 2}Cr{sup III}Ru{sup V}O{sub 6}. We find, on consideration of electron correlation (LSDA+U) and spin-orbital coupling (SOC) effects that the electronic structure of Ba{sub 2}XRuO{sub 6} takes a HM nature, whereas it is completely transformed to insulating nature once an extra electron filled the 3d-t{sub 2g} orbitals in X = Cr case. Such tuning is accompanied by spin-state hopping of one electron from half-filled spin-state in Ru{sup V} (t{sub 2g}{sup 3} e{sub g}{sup 0}) to two and three occupied spin-state in V{sup III} (t{sub 2g}{sup 2} e{sub g}{sup 0}) and Cr{sup III} (t{sub 2g}{sup 3} e{sub g}{sup 0}), respectively. The charge distribution results show that this extra electron occupies chiefly the spin-down of conduction orbitals and plays a major role in determining the electronic and magnetic structures of Ba{sub 2}XRuO{sub 6} system. - Highlights: • Half-metallic and insulating natures are observed in Ba{sub 2}XRuO{sub 6} (X = V, Cr). • 3d-t{sub 2g}{sup n} orbitals filling plays a major role in governing the conduction mechanism. • LSDA+U method under density functional theory (DFT) is considered. • HM ferrimagnetic (FI) (X = V) switch to compensate FI insulating (X = Cr).

Large-x sub F spin asymmetry in. pi. sup 0 production by 200-GeV polarized protons

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Adams, D L; Corcoran, M D; Cranshaw, J; Nessi-Tedaldi, F; Nessi, M; Nguyen, C; Roberts, J B; Skeens, J; White, J L [Rice Univ., Houston, TX (United States). T.W. Bonner Nuclear Lab.; Akchurin, N; Onel, Y [Iowa Univ., Iowa City, IA (United States). Dept. of Physics; Belikov, N I; Derevschikov, A A; Grachov, O A; Matulenko, Yu A; Meschanin, A P; Nurushev, S B; Patalakha, D I; Rykov, V L; Solovyanov, V L; Vasiliev, A N [Inst. of High Energy Physics, Serpukhov (Russia); Bystricky, J; Lehar, F; Lesquen, A de [CEN-Saclay, 91 - Gif-sur-Yvette (France); Cossairt, J D; Read, A L [Fermi National Accelerator Lab., Batavia, IL (United States); En' yo, H; Funahashi, H; Goto, Y; Imai, K; Itow, Y; Makino, S; Masaike, A; Miyake, K; Nagamine, T; Saito, N; Yamashita, S [Kyoto Univ. (Japan). Dept. of Physics; Grosnick, D P; Hill, D A; Laghai, M; Lopiano, D; Ohashi, Y; Spinka, H; Underwood, D G; Yokosawa, A [Argonne National Lab., IL (United States); FNAL E704 Collaboration

1992-10-01

The spin asymmetry A{sub N} for inclusive {pi}{sup 0} production by 200-GeV transversely-polarized protons on a liquid hydrogen target has been measured at Fermilab over a wide range of x{sub F}, with 0.5V/c. At x{sub F}>0.3, the asymmetry rises with increasing x{sub F} and reaches a value of A{sub N}=0.15{+-}0.03 in the region 0.6<x{sub F}<0.8. This result provides new input regarding the question of the internal spin structure of transversely-polarized protons. (orig.).

Free electron laser for the 2 x 1 TeV photon collider

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sarantsev, V.P.; Yurkov, M.V.; Saldin, E.L.; Shnejdmiller, E.A.

1993-01-01

The two-cascade scheme of a free electron laser (FEL) of the 2 x 1 TeV photon collider is suggested. The FEL-generator having peak power of ∼ 10 MW which is amplified up to 5 x 10 11 W in the FEL-amplifier with variable parameters is used as a driving laser. Requirements for parameters of electron beam and the FEL-amplifier magnetic system are formulated on the base of calculations. 19 refs., 2 tabs., 4 figs

Platform development of x-ray absorption-based temperature measurements above 100-eV on the OMEGA laser

Science.gov (United States)

Workman, Jonathan; Keiter, P.; Tierney, T.; Tierney, H.; Belle, K.; Magelssen, G.; Peterson, R.; Fryer, C.; Comley, A.; Taylor, M.

2007-11-01

Experiments were performed on the OMEGA laser system at the University of Rochester to measure radiation temperature in hohlraum-heated foams. Using x-ray absorption spectroscopy in the 3-6-keV x-ray range allows temperature determination in the range of 50-200-eV. Uranium, bismuth and gold M-shell x-ray emission were used as broadband backlighters. Backlighter absorption through heated chlorinated foam and scandium tracers were used to determine temperatures. The development of this technique in the temperature range of 100-200-eV will be used for platform development of future NIF experiments. We will present time-integrated and time-resolved measurements of x-ray emission from the backlighter materials as well as absorption measurements trough the heated tracer materials. We will also present future directions in the development of this platform.

X-Ray Lines from Dark Matter Annihilation at the keV Scale.

Science.gov (United States)

Brdar, Vedran; Kopp, Joachim; Liu, Jia; Wang, Xiao-Ping

2018-02-09

In 2014, several groups reported hints for a yet unidentified line in astrophysical x-ray signals from galaxies and galaxy clusters at an energy of 3.5 keV. While it is not unlikely that this line is simply a reflection of imperfectly modeled atomic transitions, it has renewed the community's interest in models of keV-scale dark matter, whose decay would lead to such a line. The alternative possibility of dark matter annihilation into monochromatic photons is far less explored, a lapse that we strive to amend in this Letter. More precisely, we introduce a novel model of fermionic dark matter χ with O(keV) mass, annihilating to a scalar state ϕ which in turn decays to photons, for instance via loops of heavy vectorlike fermions. The resulting photon spectrum is box shaped, but if χ and ϕ are nearly degenerate in mass, it can also resemble a narrow line. We discuss dark matter production via two different mechanisms-misalignment and freeze-in-which both turn out to be viable in vast regions of parameter space. We constrain the model using astrophysical x-ray data, and we demonstrate that, thanks to the velocity dependence of the annihilation cross section, it has the potential to reconcile the various observations of the 3.5 keV line. We finally argue that the model can easily avoid structure formation constraints on keV-scale dark matter.

Observations of the X-ray nova A0620-00 with the Ariel V crystal spectrometer/polarimeter

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Griffiths, R.E.; Rickets, M.J.; Cooke, B.A.

1976-01-01

The X-ray nova A0620-00 has been studied with the Ariel V crystal spectrometer/polarimeter for the presence of X-ray lines and polarization. Upper limits are obtained for the Si XIV, S XV and S XVI lines to a level of less than 2 eV at 3 sigma for the sulphur lines and 3.6 eV for Si XIV. No linear polarization is observed to a level of 2 per cent at 2.6 keV. These results are interpreted in terms of an accretion disk model for the source, in which the electron scattering depth tausub(es) approximately 20, and constraints are given on the disk geometry. (author)

Паи привлекают науку из университетов на рынок

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2016-01-01

Ettevõte SMARTdo asus tootma ja arendama Tallinna Ülikooli Haapsalu Kolledžis disainitud ja Tervisedenduse ja Rehabilitatsiooni Kompetentsikeskuses täiendatud vibroakustilist voodit. Meditsiiniagentuur The Health Clinic arendab Tartu Tervishoiu Kõrgkooli ja Tartu Ülikooli füüsika instituudi koostöös välja töötatud raviretuuse. Arenduses kasutatakse EASi innovatsiooni- ja arendusosakuid

Osakud toovad teaduse ülikoolist turule

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2016-01-01

Ettevõte SMARTdo asus tootma ja arendama Tallinna Ülikooli Haapsalu Kolledžis disainitud ja Tervisedenduse ja Rehabilitatsiooni Kompetentsikeskuses täiendatud vibroakustilist voodit. Meditsiiniagentuur The Health Clinic arendab Tartu Tervishoiu Kõrgkooli ja Tartu Ülikooli füüsika instituudi koostöös välja töötatud raviretuuse. Arenduses kasutatakse EASi innovatsiooni- ja arendusosakuid

High-resolution multi-MeV x-ray radiography using relativistic laser-solid interaction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Courtois, C.; Compant La Fontaine, A.; Barbotin, M.; Bazzoli, S.; Brebion, D.; Bourgade, J. L.; Gazave, J.; Lagrange, J. M.; Landoas, O.; Le Dain, L.; Lefebvre, E.; Pichoff, N.; Edwards, R.; Aedy, C.; Biddle, L.; Drew, D.; Gardner, M.; Ramsay, M.; Simons, A.; Sircombe, N.

2011-01-01

When high intensity (≥10 19 W cm -2 ) laser light interacts with matter, multi-MeV electrons are produced. These electrons can be utilized to generate a MeV bremsstrahlung x-ray emission spectrum as they propagate into a high-Z solid target positioned behind the interaction area. The short duration ( 2 ) object is then performed with few hundred microns spatial resolution.

Suppression of X-radiation from 2 MeV ion electrostatic accelerator

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ignat'ev, I.G.; Miroshnichenko, V.I.; Sirenko, A.M.; Storizhko, V.E.

2008-01-01

The paper presents results concerning studies of X-radiation from 2 MeV ion electrostatic accelerator 'Sokol' used for nuclear microprobe analysis. The radiation protection system of the accelerator was developed and tested. Tests of the system of the accelerator show that it reduces doses rate by two orders of magnitude

Investigating the electrical properties of Si donors in Al{sub x}Ga{sub 1-x}N alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

James, G.R.; Leitch, A.W.R. [Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031 (South Africa); Omnes, F. [CRHEA-CNRS, rue Bernard Gregory, Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne (France)

2006-06-15

In this paper a study of the electrical properties of Si-doped Al{sub x}Ga{sub 1-x}N is presented. The Al{sub x}Ga{sub 1-x}N layers, grown using the metalorganic chemical vapour deposition technique, were studied using variable temperature Hall effect and persistent photoconductivity measurements. High quality conducting Al{sub x}Ga{sub 1-x}N layers were obtained for 0{<=}x{<=}0.5, with the mobility decreasing from 215 cm{sup 2}/V s (GaN) to 10 cm{sup 2}/V s (Al{sub 0.51}Ga{sub 0.49}N), at 300 K. The carrier concentration of these layers was typically between 2.5 x 10{sup 18} cm{sup -3} and 7 x 10{sup 17} cm{sup -3} at 300 K. For Al{sub x}Ga{sub 1-x}N layers with 0{<=}x{<=}0.41 the temperature dependence of the carrier concentration between 300 and 15 K could be studied, yielding the Si donor activation energy. The carrier concentrations of higher Al content samples (0.5{<=}x{<=}0.65) could not be accurately measured below 300 K, and thus the Si activation energy was obtained from the temperature dependence of the resistivity. It was found that the Si activation energy escalated with increasing Al content of the layers, and followed the trend predicted for a shallow hydrogen-like donor, up to x=0.65. Illumination of the samples at low temperature with a blue LED showed that the layers exhibit little persistent photoconductivity, further confirmation that Si remains a shallow donor in Al{sub x}Ga{sub 1-x}N. (copyright 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim) (orig.)

Fabrication of Mg-X-O (X = Fe, Co, Ni, Cr, Mn, Ti, V, and Zn) barriers for magnetic tunnel junctions

Science.gov (United States)

Yakushiji, K.; Kitagawa, E.; Ochiai, T.; Kubota, H.; Shimomura, N.; Ito, J.; Yoda, H.; Yuasa, S.

2018-05-01

We fabricated magnetic tunnel junctions with a 3d-transition material(X)-doped MgO (Mg-X-O) barrier, and evaluated the effect of the doping on magnetoresistance (MR) and microstructure. Among the variations of X (X = Fe, Co, Ni, Cr, Mn, Ti, V, and Zn), X = Fe and Mn showed a high MR ratio of more than 100%, even at a low resistance-area product of 3 Ωμm2. The microstructure analysis revealed that (001) textured orientation formed for X = Fe and Mn despite substantial doping (about 10 at%). The elemental mappings indicated that Fe atoms in the Mg-Fe-O barrier were segregated at the interfaces, while Mn atoms were evenly involved in the Mg-Mn-O barrier. This suggests that MgO has high adaptability for Fe and Mn dopants in terms of high MR ratio.

Spin density wave in (Fe{sub x}V{sub 3-x})S{sub 4} and the coexistence of normal and condensate states: A Moessbauer study

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Embaid, B.P., E-mail: pembaid@fisica.ciens.ucv.ve [Laboratorio de Magnetismo, Escuela de Fisica, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Apartado 47586, Los Chaguaramos, Caracas 1041-A (Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of); Gonzalez-Jimenez, F. [Laboratorio de Magnetismo, Escuela de Fisica, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Apartado 47586, Los Chaguaramos, Caracas 1041-A (Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of)

2013-03-15

Iron-vanadium sulfides of the monoclinic system Fe{sub x}V{sub 3-x}S{sub 4} (1.0{<=}x{<=}2.0) have been investigated by {sup 57}Fe Moessbauer Spectroscopy in the temperature range 30-300 K. Incommensurate spin density waves (SDW) have been found in this system. An alternative treatment of the spectra allows a direct measurement of the temperature evolution of condensate density of the SDW state which follows the Maki-Virosztek formula. For composition (x=1.0) the SDW condensate is unpinned while for compositions (x>1.0) the SDW condensate is pinned. Possible causes of the pinning-unpinning SDW will be discussed. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Fe{sub x}V{sub 3-x}S{sub 4}(1.0{<=}x{<=}2.0) system was investigated by {sup 57}Fe Moessbauer Spectroscopy. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Incommensurate spin density wave (SDW) has been found in this system. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer We report the temperature evolution of the condensate density of SDW state. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer For composition (x=1.0) the SDW is unpinned while for (x>1.0) is pinned.

Reaction π-p→X deg n, X deg → 2γ at momenta 15 and 40 GeV/c

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Apel, W.D.; Bertolucci, E; Donskov, S.V.

1974-01-01

The cross sections for reaction π - p→X deg n with X deg → 2γ decay have been measured at momenta 15 and 40 GeV/c. About 500 events have been detected. A hodoscope spectrometer with the computer on-line was used to detect photon pairs. t-dependence of differential cross section has been obtained similar to that of reaction π - p→eta deg n. From the ratio of differential cross section for X deg and eta deg production at t=0 an angle of the singlet-octet mixing of pseudoscalar mesons has been found to be equal to β=-19 deg

Laboratory source based full-field x-ray microscopy at 9 keV

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fella, C.; Balles, A.; Wiest, W. [Lehrstuhl für Röntgenmikroskopie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, 97074 Würzburg (Germany); Zabler, S.; Hanke, R. [Lehrstuhl für Röntgenmikroskopie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, 97074 Würzburg (Germany); Fraunhofer Development Center X-Ray Technology (EZRT), Flugplatzstrasse 75, 90768 Fürth (Germany)

2016-01-28

In the past decade, hard x-ray transmission microscopy experienced tremendous developments. With the avail-ability of efficient Fresnel zone plates, even set-ups utilizing laboratory sources were developed [1]. In order to improve the performance of these x-ray microscopes, novel approaches to fabricate optical elements [2] and brighter x-ray tubes [3] are promising candidates. We are currently building a laboratory transmission x-ray microscope for 9.25 keV, using an electron impact liquid-metal-jet anode source. Up to now, the further elements of our setup are: a polycapillary condenser, a tungsten zone plate, and a scintillator which is optically coupled to a CMOS camera. However, further variations in terms of optical elements are intended. Here we present the current status of our work, as well as first experimental results.

Simulation of enhanced characteristic x rays from a 40-MeV electron beam laser accelerated in plasma

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

L. Nikzad

2012-02-01

Full Text Available Simulation of x-ray generation from bombardment of various solid targets by quasimonoenergetic electrons is considered. The electron bunches are accelerated in a plasma produced by interaction of 500 mJ, 30 femtosecond laser pulses with a helium gas jet. These relativistic electrons propagate in the ion channel generated in the wake of the laser pulse. A beam of MeV electrons can interact with targets to generate x-ray radiation with keV energy. The MCNP-4C code based on Monte Carlo simulation is employed to compare the production of bremsstrahlung and characteristic x rays between 10 and 100 keV by using two quasi-Maxwellian and quasimonoenergetic energy distributions of electrons. For a specific electron spectrum and a definite sample, the maximum x-ray flux varies with the target thickness. Besides, by increasing the target atomic number, the maximum x-ray flux is increased and shifted towards a higher energy level. It is shown that by using the quasimonoenergetic electron profile, a more intense x ray can be produced relative to the quasi-Maxwellian profile (with the same total energy, representing up to 77% flux enhancement at K_{α} energy.

Chemical protection against gastrointestinal radiation injury in mice by WR 2822, WR 2823, or WR 109342 after 4 MeV x ray or fission neutron irradiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Connor, A.M.; Sigdestad, C.P.

1982-01-01

Three compounds were tested for their radioprotective properties against the effects of 4 MeV X rays or fission neutron irradiation. The endpoints tested were lethality, intestinal crypt survival, and DNA synthesizing cellularity. Two of the compounds tested; S-2(4-aminobutylamino) ethylphosphorothioc acid (WR 2822) and the aminopentylamino derivative (WR 109342). All drugs were administered via intraperitoneal injections at their approximately maximum tolerated dose. WR 2822 was shown to have a slight protective effect against X rays and neutrons. The dose modification factor (DMF) for gastrointestinal death (LD/sub 50(6)/) was 1.23 for X rays and 1.51 for neutrons. The assay for intestinal crypt survival produced DMF's of 1.44 (X rays) and 1.4 (neutrons). WR 2823 also showed a protective action in these assays. The DMF for LD/sub 50(6)/ was 1.32 (X rays) and 1.42 (neutrons). WR 109342 was found to be extremely toxic and had no significant protective effects. All three drugs were more toxic and demonstrated less protection in most of these assays than the benchmark radioprotective agent WR 2721, although WR 2822 protected against lethal effects of fission neutrons almost as well as WR 2721. Both WR 2822 and WR 2823 produced greater protection in the crypt survival assays for fission neutron irradiation than WR 2721

Chandra X-Rays from the Redshift 7.54 Quasar ULAS J1342+0928

Science.gov (United States)

Bañados, Eduardo; Connor, Thomas; Stern, Daniel; Mulchaey, John; Fan, Xiaohui; Decarli, Roberto; Farina, Emanuele P.; Mazzucchelli, Chiara; Venemans, Bram P.; Walter, Fabian; Wang, Feige; Yang, Jinyi

2018-04-01

We present a 45 ks Chandra observation of the quasar ULAS J1342+0928 at z = 7.54. We detect {14.0}-3.7+4.8 counts from the quasar in the observed-frame energy range 0.5–7.0 keV (6σ detection), representing the most distant non-transient astronomical source identified in X-rays to date. The present data are sufficient only to infer rough constraints on the spectral parameters. We find an X-ray hardness ratio of { \\mathcal H }{ \\mathcal R }=-{0.51}-0.28+0.26 between the 0.5–2.0 keV and 2.0–7.0 keV ranges and derive a power-law photon index of {{Γ }}={1.95}-0.53+0.55. Assuming a typical value for high-redshift quasars of Γ = 1.9, ULAS J1342+0928 has a 2–10 keV rest-frame X-ray luminosity of {L}2-10={11.6}-3.5+4.3× {10}44 {erg} {{{s}}}-1. Its X-ray-to-optical power-law slope is {α }OX}=-{1.67}-0.10+0.16, consistent with the general trend indicating that the X-ray emission in the most bolometrically powerful quasars is weaker relative to their optical emission.

An integrated simulation environment for testing V2X protocols and applications

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Choudhury, A.; Maszczyk, T.; Dauwels, J.; Belagal Math, C.; Li, H.

2016-01-01

Implementation of Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication technologies, for traffic management, has been envisioned to have a plethora of far-reaching and useful consequences. However, before any hardware/software infrastructure can be developed and implemented, a thorough phase of testing is

MASS CALIBRATION AND COSMOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE SPT-SZ GALAXY CLUSTER SAMPLE USING VELOCITY DISPERSION σ v AND X-RAY Y X MEASUREMENTS

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bocquet, S.; Saro, A.; Mohr, J. J.; Bazin, G.; Chiu, I.; Desai, S.; Aird, K. A.; Ashby, M. L. N.; Bayliss, M.; Bautz, M.; Benson, B. A.; Bleem, L. E.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Chang, C. L.; Crawford, T. M.; Crites, A. T.; Brodwin, M.; Cho, H. M.; Clocchiatti, A.; De Haan, T.

2015-01-01

We present a velocity-dispersion-based mass calibration of the South Pole Telescope Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect survey (SPT-SZ) galaxy cluster sample. Using a homogeneously selected sample of 100 cluster candidates from 720 deg 2 of the survey along with 63 velocity dispersion (σ v ) and 16 X-ray Y X measurements of sample clusters, we simultaneously calibrate the mass-observable relation and constrain cosmological parameters. Our method accounts for cluster selection, cosmological sensitivity, and uncertainties in the mass calibrators. The calibrations using σ v and Y X are consistent at the 0.6σ level, with the σ v calibration preferring ∼16% higher masses. We use the full SPT CL data set (SZ clusters+σ v +Y X ) to measure σ 8 (Ω m /0.27) 0.3 = 0.809 ± 0.036 within a flat ΛCDM model. The SPT cluster abundance is lower than preferred by either the WMAP9 or Planck+WMAP9 polarization (WP) data, but assuming that the sum of the neutrino masses is ∑m ν = 0.06 eV, we find the data sets to be consistent at the 1.0σ level for WMAP9 and 1.5σ for Planck+WP. Allowing for larger ∑m ν further reconciles the results. When we combine the SPT CL and Planck+WP data sets with information from baryon acoustic oscillations and Type Ia supernovae, the preferred cluster masses are 1.9σ higher than the Y X calibration and 0.8σ higher than the σ v calibration. Given the scale of these shifts (∼44% and ∼23% in mass, respectively), we execute a goodness-of-fit test; it reveals no tension, indicating that the best-fit model provides an adequate description of the data. Using the multi-probe data set, we measure Ω m = 0.299 ± 0.009 and σ 8 = 0.829 ± 0.011. Within a νCDM model we find ∑m ν = 0.148 ± 0.081 eV. We present a consistency test of the cosmic growth rate using SPT clusters. Allowing both the growth index γ and the dark energy equation-of-state parameter w to vary, we find γ = 0.73 ± 0.28 and w = –1.007 ± 0.065, demonstrating that the

Quasi-kinoform type multilayer zone plate with high diffraction efficiency for high-energy X-rays

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tamura, S; Yasumoto, M; Kamijo, N; Uesugi, K; Takeuchi, A; Terada, Y; Suzuki, Y

2009-01-01

Fresnel zone plate (FZP) with high diffraction efficiency leads to high performance X-ray microscopy with the reduction of the radiation damage to biological specimens. In order to attain high diffraction efficiency in high energy X-ray region, we have developed multilevel-type (6-step) multilayer FZPs with the diameter of 70 micron. The efficiencies of two FZPs were evaluated at the BL20XU beamline of SPring-8. For one FZP, the peak efficiency for the 1st-order diffraction of 51% has been obtained at 70 keV. The efficiencies higher than 40% have been achieved in the wide energy range of 70-90 keV. That for the 2nd-order diffraction of 46% has been obtained at 37.5 keV.

X-band Linac for a 6 MeV dual-head radiation therapy gantry

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lee, Seung Hyun; Shin, Seung-Wook; Lee, Jongchul; Kim, Hui-Su [WCU Department of Energy Science, Suwon 440-746 (Korea, Republic of); Lee, Byeong-No; Lee, Byung-Chul [Radiation Instrumentation Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212 (Korea, Republic of); Park, Hyung-dal; Song, Ki-back [Radiation Technology eXcellence (RTX), Daejeon 305-500 (Korea, Republic of); Song, Ho-seung; Mun, Sangchul; Ha, Donghyup [School of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746 (Korea, Republic of); Chai, Jong-Seo, E-mail: jschai@skku.edu [School of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746 (Korea, Republic of)

2017-04-21

We developed a design for a 6 MeV X-band linear accelerator for radiation therapy in a dual-head gantry layout. The dual-head gantry has two linacs that can be operated independently. Each X-band linac accelerates electron bunches using high-power RF and generates X-rays for radiation therapy. It requires a versatile RF system and pulse sequence to accomplish various radiation therapy procedures. The RF system consists of 9.3 GHz, 2 MW X-band magnetron and associated RF transmission components. A test linac was assembled and operated to characterize its RF performance without beam. This paper presents these results along with a description of the gantry linacs and their operational requirements.

Measurement of high-energy (10–60 keV) x-ray spectral line widths with eV accuracy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Seely, J. F., E-mail: seelyjf@gmail.com; Feldman, U. [Artep Inc., 2922 Excelsior Springs Court, Ellicott City, Maryland 21042 (United States); Glover, J. L.; Hudson, L. T.; Ralchenko, Y.; Henins, Albert [National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899 (United States); Pereira, N. [Ecopulse Inc., P. O. Box 528, Springfield, Virginia 22152 (United States); Di Stefano, C. A.; Kuranz, C. C.; Drake, R. P. [University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 (United States); Chen, Hui; Williams, G. J.; Park, J. [Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551 (United States)

2014-11-15

A high resolution crystal spectrometer utilizing a crystal in transmission geometry has been developed and experimentally optimized to measure the widths of emission lines in the 10–60 keV energy range with eV accuracy. The spectrometer achieves high spectral resolution by utilizing crystal planes with small lattice spacings (down to 2d = 0.099 nm), a large crystal bending radius and Rowland circle diameter (965 mm), and an image plate detector with high spatial resolution (60 μm in the case of the Fuji TR image plate). High resolution W L-shell and K-shell laboratory test spectra in the 10–60 keV range and Ho K-shell spectra near 47 keV recorded at the LLNL Titan laser facility are presented. The Ho K-shell spectra are the highest resolution hard x-ray spectra recorded from a solid target irradiated by a high-intensity laser.

Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the IgV domain of human nectin-4.

Science.gov (United States)

Xu, Xiang; Zhang, Xiaoai; Lu, Guangwen; Cai, Yongping

2012-08-01

Nectin-4 belongs to a family of immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules and is highly expressed in cancer cells. Recently, nectin-4 was found to be a receptor of measles virus and the IgV domain sustains strong binding to measles virus H protein. In this study, the successful expression and purification of human nectin-4 V domain (nectin-4v) is reported. The purified protein was crystallized using the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method. The crystals diffracted to 1.8 Å resolution and belonged to space group P2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 33.1, b = 51.7, c = 56.9 Å, β = 94.7°. Preliminary analysis of the diffraction data was also performed.

Induced magnetism at the interfaces of a Fe/V superlattice investigated by resonant magnetic x-ray scattering

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Magnuson, Martin, E-mail: Martin.Magnuson@ifm.liu.se

2017-01-15

The induced magnetic moments in the V 3d electronic states of interface atomic layers in a Fe(6ML)/V(7ML) superlattice was investigated by x-ray resonant magnetic scattering. The first V atomic layer next to Fe was found to be strongly antiferromagnetically polarized relatively to Fe and the magnetic moments of the next few atomic layers in the interior V region decay exponentially with increasing distance from the interface, while the magnetic moments of the Fe atomic layers largely remain bulk-like. The induced V moments decay more rapidly as observed by x-ray magnetic scattering than in standard x-ray magnetic circular dichroism. The theoretical description of the induced magnetic atomic layer profile in V was found to strongly rely on the interface roughness within the superlattice period. These results provide new insight into interface magnetism by taking advantage of the enhanced depth sensitivity to the magnetic profile over a certain resonant energy bandwidth in the vicinity of the Bragg angles. - Highlights: • Magnetic moments of buried layers are probed by XRMS in a Fe/V superlattice. • The induced V magnetic moments in XRMS are more rapidly decaying than previously observed by XMCD. • The magnetic depth profile sensitivity is enhanced at an energy bandwidth in the vicinity of the Bragg angles.

RAD51B in Familial Breast Cancer.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Liisa M Pelttari

Full Text Available Common variation on 14q24.1, close to RAD51B, has been associated with breast cancer: rs999737 and rs2588809 with the risk of female breast cancer and rs1314913 with the risk of male breast cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of RAD51B variants in breast cancer predisposition, particularly in the context of familial breast cancer in Finland. We sequenced the coding region of RAD51B in 168 Finnish breast cancer patients from the Helsinki region for identification of possible recurrent founder mutations. In addition, we studied the known rs999737, rs2588809, and rs1314913 SNPs and RAD51B haplotypes in 44,791 breast cancer cases and 43,583 controls from 40 studies participating in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC that were genotyped on a custom chip (iCOGS. We identified one putatively pathogenic missense mutation c.541C>T among the Finnish cancer patients and subsequently genotyped the mutation in additional breast cancer cases (n = 5259 and population controls (n = 3586 from Finland and Belarus. No significant association with breast cancer risk was seen in the meta-analysis of the Finnish datasets or in the large BCAC dataset. The association with previously identified risk variants rs999737, rs2588809, and rs1314913 was replicated among all breast cancer cases and also among familial cases in the BCAC dataset. The most significant association was observed for the haplotype carrying the risk-alleles of all the three SNPs both among all cases (odds ratio (OR: 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI: 1.11-1.19, P = 8.88 x 10-16 and among familial cases (OR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.16-1.32, P = 6.19 x 10-11, compared to the haplotype with the respective protective alleles. Our results suggest that loss-of-function mutations in RAD51B are rare, but common variation at the RAD51B region is significantly associated with familial breast cancer risk.

RAD51B in Familial Breast Cancer

Science.gov (United States)

Pelttari, Liisa M.; Khan, Sofia; Vuorela, Mikko; Kiiski, Johanna I.; Vilske, Sara; Nevanlinna, Viivi; Ranta, Salla; Schleutker, Johanna; Winqvist, Robert; Kallioniemi, Anne; Dörk, Thilo; Bogdanova, Natalia V.; Figueroa, Jonine; Pharoah, Paul D. P.; Schmidt, Marjanka K.; Dunning, Alison M.; García-Closas, Montserrat; Bolla, Manjeet K.; Dennis, Joe; Michailidou, Kyriaki; Wang, Qin; Hopper, John L.; Southey, Melissa C.; Rosenberg, Efraim H.; Fasching, Peter A.; Beckmann, Matthias W.; Peto, Julian; dos-Santos-Silva, Isabel; Sawyer, Elinor J.; Tomlinson, Ian; Burwinkel, Barbara; Surowy, Harald; Guénel, Pascal; Truong, Thérèse; Bojesen, Stig E.; Nordestgaard, Børge G.; Benitez, Javier; González-Neira, Anna; Neuhausen, Susan L.; Anton-Culver, Hoda; Brenner, Hermann; Arndt, Volker; Meindl, Alfons; Schmutzler, Rita K.; Brauch, Hiltrud; Brüning, Thomas; Lindblom, Annika; Margolin, Sara; Mannermaa, Arto; Hartikainen, Jaana M.; Chenevix-Trench, Georgia; Van Dyck, Laurien; Janssen, Hilde; Chang-Claude, Jenny; Rudolph, Anja; Radice, Paolo; Peterlongo, Paolo; Hallberg, Emily; Olson, Janet E.; Giles, Graham G.; Milne, Roger L.; Haiman, Christopher A.; Schumacher, Fredrick; Simard, Jacques; Dumont, Martine; Kristensen, Vessela; Borresen-Dale, Anne-Lise; Zheng, Wei; Beeghly-Fadiel, Alicia; Grip, Mervi; Andrulis, Irene L.; Glendon, Gord; Devilee, Peter; Seynaeve, Caroline; Hooning, Maartje J.; Collée, Margriet; Cox, Angela; Cross, Simon S.; Shah, Mitul; Luben, Robert N.; Hamann, Ute; Torres, Diana; Jakubowska, Anna; Lubinski, Jan; Couch, Fergus J.; Yannoukakos, Drakoulis; Orr, Nick; Swerdlow, Anthony; Darabi, Hatef; Li, Jingmei; Czene, Kamila; Hall, Per; Easton, Douglas F.; Mattson, Johanna; Blomqvist, Carl; Aittomäki, Kristiina; Nevanlinna, Heli

2016-01-01

Common variation on 14q24.1, close to RAD51B, has been associated with breast cancer: rs999737 and rs2588809 with the risk of female breast cancer and rs1314913 with the risk of male breast cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of RAD51B variants in breast cancer predisposition, particularly in the context of familial breast cancer in Finland. We sequenced the coding region of RAD51B in 168 Finnish breast cancer patients from the Helsinki region for identification of possible recurrent founder mutations. In addition, we studied the known rs999737, rs2588809, and rs1314913 SNPs and RAD51B haplotypes in 44,791 breast cancer cases and 43,583 controls from 40 studies participating in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC) that were genotyped on a custom chip (iCOGS). We identified one putatively pathogenic missense mutation c.541C>T among the Finnish cancer patients and subsequently genotyped the mutation in additional breast cancer cases (n = 5259) and population controls (n = 3586) from Finland and Belarus. No significant association with breast cancer risk was seen in the meta-analysis of the Finnish datasets or in the large BCAC dataset. The association with previously identified risk variants rs999737, rs2588809, and rs1314913 was replicated among all breast cancer cases and also among familial cases in the BCAC dataset. The most significant association was observed for the haplotype carrying the risk-alleles of all the three SNPs both among all cases (odds ratio (OR): 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11–1.19, P = 8.88 x 10−16) and among familial cases (OR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.16–1.32, P = 6.19 x 10−11), compared to the haplotype with the respective protective alleles. Our results suggest that loss-of-function mutations in RAD51B are rare, but common variation at the RAD51B region is significantly associated with familial breast cancer risk. PMID:27149063

AgSb(S{sub x}Se{sub 1−x}){sub 2} thin films for solar cell applications

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

González, J.O. [Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León 66450, México (Mexico); Shaji, S.; Avellaneda, D. [Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León 66450, México (Mexico); Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León-CIIDIT, Apodaca, Nuevo León, México (Mexico); Castillo, A.G.; Roy, T.K. Das [Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León 66450, México (Mexico); and others

2013-05-15

Highlights: ► AgSb(S{sub x}Se{sub 1−x}){sub 2} thin films were formed by heating Na{sub 2}SeSO{sub 3} dipped Sb{sub 2}S{sub 3}/Ag layers. ► S/Se ratio was varied by changing the dipping time in Na{sub 2}SeSO{sub 3} solution. ► Characterized the films using XRD, XPS, SEM, Optical and electrical measurements. ► Band gap engineering of 1−1.1 eV for x = 0.51 and 0.52 respectively. ► PV Glass/FTO/CdS/AgSb(S{sub x}Se{sub 1−x}){sub 2}/C were prepared showing V{sub oc} = 410 mV, J{sub sc} = 5.7 mA/cm{sup 2}. - Abstract: Silver antimony sulfoselenide (AgSb(S{sub x}Se{sub 1−x}){sub 2}) thin films were prepared by heating glass/Sb{sub 2}S{sub 3}/Ag layers after selenization using sodium selenosulphate solution. First, Sb{sub 2}S{sub 3} thin films were deposited on glass substrates from a chemical bath containing SbCl{sub 3} and Na{sub 2}S{sub 2}O{sub 3}. Then Ag thin films were thermally evaporated onto glass/Sb{sub 2}S{sub 3}, followed by selenization by dipping in an acidic solution of Na{sub 2}SeSO{sub 3}. The duration of selenium dipping was varied as 30 min and 2 h. The heating condition was at 350 °C for 1 h in vacuum. Analysis of X-ray diffraction pattern of the thin films formed after heating showed the formation of AgSb(S{sub x}Se{sub 1−x}){sub 2}. Morphology and elemental analysis were done by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray detection. Depth profile of composition of the thin films was performed by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. The spectral study showed the presence of Ag, Sb, S, and Se, and the corresponding binding energy analysis confirmed the formation of AgSb(S{sub x}Se{sub 1−x}){sub 2}. Photovoltaic structures (PV) were prepared using AgSb(S{sub x}Se{sub 1−x}){sub 2} thin films as absorber and CdS thin films as window layers on FTO coated glass substrates. The PV structures were heated at 60–80 °C in air for 1 h to improve ohmic contact. Analysis of J–V characteristics of the PV structures showed V

Generation and application of 15 to 30 MeV parametric X-ray by linac

CERN Document Server

Akimoto, T

2002-01-01

15 to 30 MeV parametric X-ray (PXR) was generated using Si single crystal by 45 MeV electron LINAC. To obtain good monochromatic hard X-ray field, the appropriate conditions were determined by theoretical analysis and experiments. The intensity of PXR was increased with increasing electron energy and crystal rotation angle. However, PXR energy is independent of electron energy. By increasing measurement angle, energy of PXR decreased, but its intensity increased. 15 to 30 keV PXR energy and about 10 sup - sup 5 to 10 sup - sup 6 photon/electron of intensity were observed at 15 to 22 deg detection angle under the operation conditions of 45 MeV electron energy and 4 to 8 nA of beam current. The mass attenuation coefficient of photon of Zr, Nb and Mo, in K absorption edge was measured. Application to determine lattice distortion of target sample and off-angle of crystal was investigated. Generation and detection of PXR, measurement of characteristic properties: crystal rotation angle, detection angle, electron e...

High-x sub T single-spin asymmetry in. pi. sup 0 and. eta. production at x sub F =0 by 200 GeV polarized antiprotons and protons

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Adams, D L; Akchurin, N; Belikov, N I; Bystricky, J; Corcoran, M D; Cossairt, J D; Cranshaw, J; Derevschikov, A A; En' yo, H; Funahashi, H; Goto, Y; Grachov, O A; Grosnick, D P; Hill, D A; Imai, K; Itow, Y; Iwatani, K; Krueger, K W; Kuroda, K; Laghai, M; Lehar, F; Lesquen, A de; Lopiano, D; Luehring, F C; Maki, T; Makino, S; Masaike, A; Matulenko, Yu A; Meschanin, A P; Michalowicz, A; Miller, D H; Miyake, K; Nagamine, T; Nessi-Tedaldi, F; Nessi, M; Nguyen, C; Nurushev, S B; Ohashi, Y; Onel, Y; Patalakha, D I; Pauletta, G; Penzo, A; Read, A L; Roberts, J B; Van Rossum, L; Rykov, V L; Saito, N; Salvato, G; Schiavon, P; Skeens, J; Solovyanov, V L; Spinka, H; Takashima, R; Takeutchi, F; Tamura, N; Tanaka, N; Underwood, D G; Vasiliev, A N; Villari, A; White, J L; Yamashita, S; Yokosawa, A; Yoshida, T; Zanetti, A [T.W. Bonner Nuclear Lab., Rice Univ., Houston, TX (United States) Dept. of Physics, Univ. Iowa, Iowa City, IA (Unite; FNAL E704 Collaboration

1992-02-20

A measurement of the single-spin asymmetry A{sub N} in p{up arrow}+p{yields}{pi}{sup 0}+X at 200 GeV with x{sub F}=0 shows a transition in the production process from a 'low-x{sub T}' regime with A{sub N}=0, through an intermediate region of negative asymmetry, to a 'high-x{sub T}' regime with A{sub N}>0.3. This transition occurs at x{sub T}{approx equal}0.4 and is consistent with x{sub T}-scaling of A{sub N} in pion production using polarized beams or targets from {radical}-s=5.2 to 19.4 GeV. Results for A{sub N} in {eta} production by polarized protons and in {pi}{sup 0} production by polarized antiprotons are also presented. (orig.).

The Population of Supernova Remnants in M51

Science.gov (United States)

Long, Knox S.; Blair, William P.; Kuntz, K. D.; Winkler, P. Frank

2017-08-01

The nearby, actively star-forming, nearly face-on spiral galaxy, M51 (NGC 5194/5), has been the site of four supernovae since 1941. As a result it should have a rich population of young supernova remnants (SNRs). Here we describe a search for optical SNRs in M51 among the 298 X-ray sources discovered inside the D25 contour in deep Chandra observations. The search uses interference filter images obtained with the WFC3 on Hubble Space Telescope and more recent images from GMOS on Gemini North. Of 80 emission nebulae identified in the HST images as SNR candidates based on elevated [SII]: Ha ratios compared to HII regions, 40 have X-ray counterparts. The diameters of the SNRs and SNR candidates detected with HST are systematically smaller than seen in SNR populations of other galaxies at comparable distances. However, this is most likely an instrumental effect, which our ongoing analysis of the new GMOS images will correct. At that point, we will be able to make of fair multi-wavelength comparison of the SNR population in M51 with other nearby, actively star-forming spiral galaxies, such as M83 and NGC6946.

Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the IgV domain of human nectin-4

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xu, Xiang; Zhang, Xiaoai; Lu, Guangwen; Cai, Yongping

2012-01-01

Nectin-4 belongs to a family of immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules and is highly expressed in cancer cells. Recently, nectin-4 was found to be a receptor of measles virus and the IgV domain sustains strong binding to measles virus H protein. In this study, the successful expression and purification of human nectin-4 V domain (nectin-4v) is reported Nectin-4 belongs to a family of immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules and is highly expressed in cancer cells. Recently, nectin-4 was found to be a receptor of measles virus and the IgV domain sustains strong binding to measles virus H protein. In this study, the successful expression and purification of human nectin-4 V domain (nectin-4v) is reported. The purified protein was crystallized using the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method. The crystals diffracted to 1.8 Å resolution and belonged to space group P2 1 , with unit-cell parameters a = 33.1, b = 51.7, c = 56.9 Å, β = 94.7°. Preliminary analysis of the diffraction data was also performed

VARIABLE O VI AND N V EMISSION FROM THE X-RAY BINARY LMC X-3: HEATING OF THE BLACK HOLE COMPANION

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Song Limin; Tripp, Todd M.; Wang, Q. Daniel; Yao Yangsen; Cui Wei; Xue Yongquan; Orosz, Jerome A.; Steeghs, Danny; Steiner, James F.; Torres, Manuel A. P.; McClintock, Jeffrey E.

2010-01-01

Based on high-resolution ultraviolet spectroscopy obtained with the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE) and the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph, we present new detections of O VI and N V emission from the black hole X-ray binary (XRB) system LMC X-3. We also update the ephemeris of the XRB using recent radial velocity measurements obtained with the echelle spectrograph on the Magellan-Clay telescope. We observe significant velocity variability of the UV emission, and we find that the O VI and N V emission velocities follow the optical velocity curve of the XRB. Moreover, the O VI and N V intensities regularly decrease between binary phase = 0.5 and 1.0, which suggests that the source of the UV emission is increasingly occulted as the B star in the XRB moves from superior to inferior conjunction. These trends suggest that illumination of the B star atmosphere by the intense X-ray emission from the accreting black hole creates a hot spot on one side of the B star, and this hot spot is the origin of the O VI and N V emission. However, the velocity semiamplitude of the ultraviolet emission, K UV ∼ 180 km s -1 , is lower than the optical semiamplitude; this difference could be due to rotation of the B star. Comparison of the FUSE observations taken in 2001 November and 2004 April shows a significant change in the O VI emission characteristics: in the 2001 data, the O VI region shows both broad and narrow emission features, while in 2004 only the narrow O VI emission is clearly present. Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer data show that the XRB was in a high/soft state in the 2001 November epoch but was in a transitional state in 2004 April, so the shape of the X-ray spectrum might change the properties of the region illuminated on the B star and thus change the broad versus narrow characteristics of the UV emission. If our hypothesis about the origin of the highly ionized emission is correct, then careful analysis of the emission occultation could, in principle

High Reflectance Nanoscale V/Sc Multilayer for Soft X-ray Water Window Region.

Science.gov (United States)

Huang, Qiushi; Yi, Qiang; Cao, Zhaodong; Qi, Runze; Loch, Rolf A; Jonnard, Philippe; Wu, Meiyi; Giglia, Angelo; Li, Wenbin; Louis, Eric; Bijkerk, Fred; Zhang, Zhong; Wang, Zhanshan

2017-10-10

V/Sc multilayer is experimentally demonstrated for the first time as a high reflectance mirror for the soft X-ray water window region. It primarily works at above the Sc-L edge (λ = 3.11 nm) under near normal incidence while a second peak appears at above the V-L edge (λ = 2.42 nm) under grazing incidence. The V/Sc multilayer fabricated with a d-spacing of 1.59 nm and 30 bilayers has a smaller interface width (σ = 0.27 and 0.32 nm) than the conventional used Cr/Sc (σ = 0.28 and 0.47 nm). For V/Sc multilayer with 30 bilayers, the introduction of B 4 C barrier layers has little improvement on the interface structure. As the number of bilayers increasing to 400, the growth morphology and microstructure of the V/Sc layers evolves with slightly increased crystallization. Nevertheless, the surface roughness remains to be 0.25 nm. A maximum soft X-ray reflectance of 18.4% is measured at λ = 3.129 nm at 9° off-normal incidence using the 400-bilayers V/Sc multilayer. According to the fitted model, an s-polarization reflectance of 5.2% can also be expected at λ = 2.425 nm under 40° incidence. Based on the promising experimental results, further improvement of the reflectance can be achieved by using a more stable deposition system, exploring different interface engineering methods and so on.

Cross section for induced L X-ray emission by protons of energy <400 keV

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mohan, Harsh; Jain, Arvind Kumar; Kaur, Mandeep; Singh, Parjit S.; Sharma, Sunita

2014-01-01

In performing ion beam analysis, cross section for induced L X-ray emission plays a crucial role. There are different approaches by which these can be found experimentally or can be calculated theoretically based on various models. L X-ray production cross sections for Bi with protons in the energy range 260–400 keV at the interval of 20 keV are measured. These are compared with calculations obtained on the basis of current prevailing theories ECPSSR and ECPSSR-UA. Their importance in understanding this phenomenon and existing arguments in this regard will be highlighted

Measurements of distributions of energy loss for 51, 102 and 153 keV protons in nine hydrocarbon gases

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Thorngate, J.H.

1976-01-01

The mean energies, second central moments (a measure of the width of the energy-loss distributions) and the third central moments (a measure of asymmetry) were calculated from energy-loss distributions measured for 51, 102 and 153 keV protons traversing methane, ethyne, ethene, ethane, propyne, propadiene, propene, cyclopropane and propane. For the second central moments, the best, but hardly satisfactory, agreement between measurement and theory was obtained when the classical scattering probability was used for the calculations; measured values exceeding calculated values by as much as 40%. Use of the first Born approximation gave values 20-50% below measured values. Measured third central moments exceeded theoretical values by 10-250%. (Auth.)

Diffusion of 51Cr along high-diffusivity paths in Ni-Fe alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cermak, J.

1990-01-01

Penetration profiles of 51 Cr in polycrystalline alloys Ni-xFe (x = 0, 20, 40, and 60 wt.% Fe) after diffusion anneals at temperatures between 693 and 1473 K are studied. Sectioning of diffusion zones of samples annealed above 858 K is carried out by grinding, at lower temperatures by DC glow discharge sputtering. The concentration of 51 Cr in depth x is assumed to be proportional to relative radioactivity of individual sections. With help of volume and pipe self-diffusion data taken from literature, the temperature dependence of product P = δD g (δ and D g are grain boundary width and grain boundary diffusion coefficient, respectively) is obtained: P = (2.68 - 0.88 +1.3 ) x 10 -11 exp [-(221.3 ± 3.0) kJ/mol/RT]m 3 /s. This result agrees well with the previous measurements of 51 Cr diffusivity in Fe-18 Cr-12 Ni and Fe-21 Cr-31 Ni. It indicates that the mean chemical composition of Fe-Cr-Ni ternary alloys is not a dominant factor affecting the grain boundary diffusivity of Cr in these alloys. (author)

Structural, magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of vanadium-doped manganites La{sub 0.65}Ca{sub 0.35}Mn{sub 1−x}V{sub x}O{sub 3} (0 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.5)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Marzouki-Ajmi, A., E-mail: espoir12.08.85@gmail.com [Laboratoire de Physique des Matériaux, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Sfax University, B.P. 1171, 3000 Sfax (Tunisia); Centre de Recherche en Numériques de Sfax, B.P 275, 3029 Sfax (Tunisia); Mansouri, M. [Center for Functionalized Magnetic Materials, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236041 Kaliningrad (Russian Federation); Cheikhrouhou-Koubaa, W. [Laboratoire de Physique des Matériaux, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Sfax University, B.P. 1171, 3000 Sfax (Tunisia); Centre de Recherche en Numériques de Sfax, B.P 275, 3029 Sfax (Tunisia); Koubaa, M. [Laboratoire de Physique des Matériaux, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Sfax University, B.P. 1171, 3000 Sfax (Tunisia); Cheikhrouhou, A. [Laboratoire de Physique des Matériaux, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Sfax University, B.P. 1171, 3000 Sfax (Tunisia); Centre de Recherche en Numériques de Sfax, B.P 275, 3029 Sfax (Tunisia)

2017-07-01

Highlights: • Our samples were prepared using solid state reaction method. • All samples crystallized in orthorhombic structure with Pbnm space group. • Presence of secondary phase LaVO{sub 4} in V-doped samples. • Our samples exhibit PM-FM transition at Curie temperature. • The Curie temperature decreases with V-doping (262 K for x = 0 to 206 K for x = 0.5). • The Magnetic transition was found to be of second order. - Abstract: Structural, magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of polycrystalline La{sub 0.65}Ca{sub 0.35}Mn{sub 1−x}V{sub x}O{sub 3} have been investigated. Our samples were prepared using the solid state reaction method at high temperatures. X-ray diffraction analysis show that all samples crystallized in the orthorhombic structure with Pbnm space group with presence of LaVO{sub 4} as secondary phase. The SEM micrographs reveal micrometric grains with bimodal size distribution. Magnetic Measurements indicate that our samples exhibit a PM–FM transition, with a Curie temperature (T{sub C}) decreasing from 262 K for x = 0 to 208 K for x = 0.5; in addition to the presence of the Griffiths phase in the paramagnetic region. Using the isothermal magnetization versus magnetic applied field, we have deduced that the occured magnetic transition is of second order. Moreover, we have calculated the magnetic entropy change, which reaches 5.25 J/kg K for La{sub 0.65}Ca{sub 0.35}Mn{sub 0.5}V{sub 0.5}O{sub 3} compound under 5T. This value is associated to a relative cooling power (RCP) of 207 J/kg.

Sterilization of health care products by 5 MeV bremsstrahlung (X ray)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sato, Yoshishige; Takahashi, Thoru; Saito, Toshio; Sato, Toshio; Takehisa, Masaaki

1993-01-01

Radiation sensitivities of B. pumilis and B. subtilis spores were examined to bremsstrahlung of 5 MeV EB and Cobalt-60 γ rays in order to confirm the effects of radiation and dose rate. Biological indicators were irradiated with the X rays in the dose rate range of 4.7-47 kGy/h. D-value of B. pumilis spores was 1.4-1.5 kGy, and that of B. subtilis was 1.1-1.3 kGy. The D-values of B. pumilus and B. subtilis have very small dose rate dependences to X ray, and the D-values are similar to those of γ rays. Dose distribution by X-ray and γ irradiation was measured for cartons containing 32 unit dialyzers. The D max. /D min. of the X-ray irradiation (1.2) was smaller than that of γ ray (1.3). (author)

Calculation of angular distribution of 662 keV gamma rays by Monte Carlo method in copper medium

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kahraman, A.; Ozmutlu, E.N.; Gurler, O.; Yalcin, S.; Kaynak, G.; Gundogdu, O.

2009-01-01

This paper presents results on the angular distribution of Compton scattering of 662 keV gamma photons in both forward and backward hemispheres in copper medium. The number of scattered events graph has been determined for scattered gamma photons in both the forward and backward hemispheres and theoretical saturation thicknesses have been obtained using these results. Furthermore, response function of a 51x51 mm NaI(Tl) detector at 60 deg. angle with incoming photons scattered from a 10 mm thick copper layer has been determined using Monte Carlo method.

Calculation of angular distribution of 662 keV gamma rays by Monte Carlo method in copper medium

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kahraman, A.; Ozmutlu, E.N. [Physics Department, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Uludag University, Gorukle Campus, 16059 Bursa (Turkey); Gurler, O. [Physics Department, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Uludag University, Gorukle Campus, 16059 Bursa (Turkey)], E-mail: ogurler@uludag.edu.tr; Yalcin, S. [Kastamonu University, Education Faculty, 37200 Kastamonu (Turkey); Kaynak, G. [Physics Department, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Uludag University, Gorukle Campus, 16059 Bursa (Turkey); Gundogdu, O. [NCCPM, Medical Physics, Royal Surrey County, Hospital, GU2 7XX (United Kingdom); University of Kocaeli, Umuttepe Campus, 41100 Kocaeli (Turkey)

2009-12-15

This paper presents results on the angular distribution of Compton scattering of 662 keV gamma photons in both forward and backward hemispheres in copper medium. The number of scattered events graph has been determined for scattered gamma photons in both the forward and backward hemispheres and theoretical saturation thicknesses have been obtained using these results. Furthermore, response function of a 51x51 mm NaI(Tl) detector at 60 deg. angle with incoming photons scattered from a 10 mm thick copper layer has been determined using Monte Carlo method.

Excitation of intense shock waves by soft X-radiation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Branitskij, A V; Fortov, V E; Danilenko, K N; Dyabilin, K S; Grabovskij, E V; Vorobev, O Yu; Lebedev, M E; Smirnov, V P; Zakharov, A E; Persyantsev, I V [Troitsk Inst. of Innovative and Fusion Research, Troitsk (Russian Federation)

1997-12-31

Investigation of the shock waves generated by soft x radiation in Al, Sn, Fe, and Pb targets is reported. The soft x radiation was induced by the dynamic compression and heating of the cylindrical z-pinch plasma generated in the ANGARA-5-1 pulsed power machine. The temperature of the z-pinch plasma was as high as 60 - 120 eV, and the duration of the x-ray pulse reached 30 ns FWHM. Thick stepped Al/Pb, Sn/Pb, and pure Pb targets were used. The results of experiments show that uniform intense shock waves can be generated by z-pinch plasma soft x-ray radiation. The uniformity of the shock is very high. At a flux power of the order of several TW/cm{sup 2}, a shock pressure of some hundreds of GPa was achieved. (J.U.). 3 figs., 11 refs.

Excitation of intense shock waves by soft X-radiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Branitskij, A.V.; Fortov, V.E.; Danilenko, K.N.; Dyabilin, K.S.; Grabovskij, E.V.; Vorobev, O. Yu.; Lebedev, M.E.; Smirnov, V.P.; Zakharov, A.E.; Persyantsev, I.V.

1996-01-01

Investigation of the shock waves generated by soft x radiation in Al, Sn, Fe, and Pb targets is reported. The soft x radiation was induced by the dynamic compression and heating of the cylindrical z-pinch plasma generated in the ANGARA-5-1 pulsed power machine. The temperature of the z-pinch plasma was as high as 60 - 120 eV, and the duration of the x-ray pulse reached 30 ns FWHM. Thick stepped Al/Pb, Sn/Pb, and pure Pb targets were used. The results of experiments show that uniform intense shock waves can be generated by z-pinch plasma soft x-ray radiation. The uniformity of the shock is very high. At a flux power of the order of several TW/cm 2 , a shock pressure of some hundreds of GPa was achieved. (J.U.). 3 figs., 11 refs

EMISSION LINES BETWEEN 1 AND 2 keV IN COMETARY X-RAY SPECTRA

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ewing, Ian; Christian, Damian J. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University, 18111 Nordhoff Street, Northridge, CA 91330 (United States); Bodewits, Dennis [Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 (United States); Dennerl, Konrad [Max-Planck-Institut fuer extraterrestrische Physik, Postfach 1312, D-85741 Garching Germany (Germany); Lisse, Carey M. [Planetary Exploration Group, Space Department, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 (United States); Wolk, Scott J., E-mail: ian.ewing.794@my.csun.edu, E-mail: daman.christian@csun.edu [Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 (United States)

2013-01-20

We present the detection of new cometary X-ray emission lines in the 1.0-2.0 keV range using a sample of comets observed with the Chandra X-Ray Observatory and ACIS spectrometer. We have selected five comets from the Chandra sample with good signal-to-noise spectra. The surveyed comets are C/1999 S4 (LINEAR), C/1999 T1 (McNaught-Hartley), 153P/2002 (Ikeya-Zhang), 2P/2003 (Encke), and C/2008 8P (Tuttle). We modeled the spectra with an extended version of our solar wind charge exchange (SWCX) emission model. Above 1 keV, we find Ikeya-Zhang to have strong emission lines at 1340 and 1850 eV which we identify as being created by SWCX lines of Mg XI and Si XIII, respectively, and weaker emission lines at 1470, 1600, and 1950 eV formed by SWCX of Mg XII, Mg XI, and Si XIV, respectively. The Mg XI and XII and Si XIII and XIV lines are detected at a significant level for the other comets in our sample (LS4, MH, Encke, 8P), and these lines promise additional diagnostics to be included in SWCX models. The silicon lines in the 1700-2000 eV range are detected for all comets, but with the rising background and decreasing cometary emission, we caution that these detections need further confirmation with higher resolution instruments.

Relative Biologic Effectiveness (RBE) of 50 kV X-rays Measured in a Phantom for Intraoperative Tumor-Bed Irradiation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Liu, Qi; Schneider, Frank; Ma, Lin; Wenz, Frederik [Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (Germany); Herskind, Carsten, E-mail: carsten.herskind@medma.uni-heidelberg.de [Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (Germany)

2013-03-15

Purpose: Intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) with low-energy x-rays is used to treat the tumor bed during breast-conserving surgery. The purpose was to determine the relative biologic effectiveness (RBE) of 50-kV x-rays for inactivation of cells irradiated in a tumor-bed phantom. Methods and Materials: The RBE was determined for clonogenic inactivation of human tumor and normal cells (MCF7, human umbilical vein endothelial cells, normal skin fibroblasts), and hamster V79 cells. The 50-kV x-rays from the Intrabeam machine (Carl Zeiss Surgical) with a spherical 4-cm applicator were used. Cells were irradiated in a water-equivalent phantom at defined distances (8.1-22.9 mm) from the applicator surface. The 50-kV x-rays from a surface therapy machine (Dermopan, Siemens) were included for comparison; 6-MV x-rays were used as reference radiation. Results: At 8.1-mm depth in the phantom (dose rate 15.1 Gy/h), mean RBE values of 50-kV x-rays from Intrabeam were 1.26 to 1.42 for the 4 cell types at doses yielding surviving fractions in the range of 0.01 to 0.5. Confidence intervals were in the range of 1.2 and 1.5. Similar RBE values were found for 50-kV x-rays from Dermopan for V79 (1.30, CI 1.25-1.36, P=.74) and GS4 (1.42, CI 1.30-1.54, P=.67). No significant dependence of RBE on dose was found for Intrabeam, but RBE decreased at a larger distance (12.7 mm; 9.8 Gy/h). Conclusions: An increased clinically relevant RBE was found for cell irradiation with Intrabeam at depths in the tumor bed targeted by IORT. The reduced RBE values at larger distances may be related to increased repair of sublethal damage during protracted irradiation or to hardening of the photon beam energy.

Parameter restoration of a soft X radiation spectrum by the signals of X-ray vacuum diodes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Branitskij, A.V.; Olejnik, G.M.

2000-01-01

The multichannel measurement complex on the basis of vacuum X-ray diodes with various filters and the methodology of signals treatment, making it possible to obtained with nanosecond time resolution the radiation capacity in several spectral intervals, ranging from 0.1 up to 4 keV, the radiation capacity within the whole spectral range and the quantum average energy, are described. The method of linear combinations and the two-parametric models, providing close capacity values, are the most acceptable algorithms. This methodology was used at the Angara-5-1 facility in experiments on the cascade liners implosion and with the Z-pinch [ru

Impact of x-ray dose on the response of CR-39 to 1-5.5 MeV alphas

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rojas-Herrera, J.; Rinderknecht, H. G.; Zylstra, A. B.; Gatu Johnson, M.; Orozco, D.; Rosenberg, M. J.; Sio, H.; Seguin, F. H.; Frenje, J. A.; Li, C. K.; Petrasso, R. D.

2015-01-01

The CR-39 nuclear track detector is used in many nuclear diagnostics fielded at inertial confinement fusion (ICF) facilities. Large x-ray uences generated by ICF experiments may impact the CR-39 response to incident charged particles. To determine the impact of x-ray exposure on the CR-39 response to alpha particles, a thick-target bremsstrahlung x-ray generator was used to expose CR-39 to various doses of 8 keV Cu-K α and K β x-rays. The CR-39 detectors were then exposed to 1-5.5 MeV alphas from an Am-241 source. The regions of the CR-39 exposed to x-rays showed a smaller track diameter than those not exposed to x-rays: for example, a dose of 3.0 ± 0.1 Gy causes a decrease of (19 ± 2)% in the track diameter of a 5.5 MeV alpha particle, while a dose of 60.0 ± 1.3 Gy results in a decrease of (45 ± 5)% in the track diameter. The reduced track diameters were found to be predominantly caused by a comparable reduction in the bulk etch rate of the CR-39 with x-ray dose. A residual effect depending on alpha particle energy is characterized using an empirical formula

X-ray spectrometer having 12 000 resolving power at 8 keV energy

Science.gov (United States)

Seely, John F.; Hudson, Lawrence T.; Henins, Albert; Feldman, Uri

2017-10-01

An x-ray spectrometer employing a thin (50 μm) silicon transmission crystal was used to record high-resolution Cu Kα spectra from a laboratory x-ray source. The diffraction was from the (331) planes that were at an angle of 13.26° to the crystal surface. The components of the spectral lines resulting from single-vacancy (1s) and double-vacancy (1s and 3d) transitions were observed. After accounting for the natural lifetime widths from reference double-crystal spectra and the spatial resolution of the image plate detector, the intrinsic broadening of the transmission crystal was measured to be as small as 0.67 eV and the resolving power 12 000, the highest resolving power achieved by a compact (0.5 m long) spectrometer employing a single transmission crystal operating in the hard x-ray region. By recording spectra with variable source-to-crystal distances and comparing to the calculated widths from various geometrical broadening mechanisms, the primary contributions to the intrinsic crystal broadening were found to be the source height at small distances and the crystal apertured height at large distances. By reducing these two effects, using a smaller source size and vignetting the crystal height, the intrinsic crystal broadening is then limited by the crystal thickness and the rocking curve width and would be 0.4 eV at 8 keV energy (20 000 resolving power).

GPM Level 3 IMERG Monthly 0.1 x 0.1 degree V03

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — This Directory Interchange Format (DIF) describes a collection of fields for the GPM Level 3 IMERG Final Monthly 0.1 x 0.1 degree V03 (GPM_3IMERGM) at the NASA...

Stress release and defect occurrence in V1-xFe x films upon hydrogen loading: H-induced superabundant vacancies, movement and creation of dislocations

KAUST Repository

Gemma, Ryota; Dobroň, Patrik; Čí žek, Jakub; Pundt, Astrid A.

2014-01-01

Hydrogen-induced elastic/plastic deformation was studied in V 1-xFex (x = 0.02-0.08) films with thicknesses between 10 and 400 nm and prepared at different temperatures. The combination of several in situ techniques such as X-ray diffraction, acoustic emission, electromotive force and substrate curvature techniques allows sensitive studies of defects generated in these thin films. As well as conventional out-of-plane linear elastic film expansion and in-plane compressive stress increase during hydrogen absorption, the investigations uncovered new details: as soon as hydrogen predominately solved in interstitial lattice sites, discrete stress relaxation (DSR) events were detected, after which the film continued to behave in a linear elastic manner. DSRs were interpreted by uncorrelated movement of pre-existing dislocations. Particularly in the case of films deposited at higher temperatures, in-plane tensile stress was found at very small H concentrations of less than 0.005 H/V. Upon further H uptake, this turned into compressive stress. However, this stress increase differed from theoretical predictions. This behavior is explained by the generation of superabundant vacancies. Dislocation emission and plastic deformation are linked to the formation of the hydride phase in the V1-xFex films. © 2013 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Stress release and defect occurrence in V1-xFe x films upon hydrogen loading: H-induced superabundant vacancies, movement and creation of dislocations

KAUST Repository

Gemma, Ryota

2014-04-01

Hydrogen-induced elastic/plastic deformation was studied in V 1-xFex (x = 0.02-0.08) films with thicknesses between 10 and 400 nm and prepared at different temperatures. The combination of several in situ techniques such as X-ray diffraction, acoustic emission, electromotive force and substrate curvature techniques allows sensitive studies of defects generated in these thin films. As well as conventional out-of-plane linear elastic film expansion and in-plane compressive stress increase during hydrogen absorption, the investigations uncovered new details: as soon as hydrogen predominately solved in interstitial lattice sites, discrete stress relaxation (DSR) events were detected, after which the film continued to behave in a linear elastic manner. DSRs were interpreted by uncorrelated movement of pre-existing dislocations. Particularly in the case of films deposited at higher temperatures, in-plane tensile stress was found at very small H concentrations of less than 0.005 H/V. Upon further H uptake, this turned into compressive stress. However, this stress increase differed from theoretical predictions. This behavior is explained by the generation of superabundant vacancies. Dislocation emission and plastic deformation are linked to the formation of the hydride phase in the V1-xFex films. © 2013 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Effects of the d-donor level of vanadium on the properties of Zn{sub 1−x}V{sub x}O films

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

García-Hemme, E., E-mail: eric.garcia@ucm.es [Dpto. de Física Aplicada III (Electricidad y Electrónica), Univ. Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040 (Spain); CEI Campus Moncloa, UCM-UPM, Madrid 28040 (Spain); Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720 (United States); Yu, K. M. [Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720 (United States); Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon (Hong Kong); Wahnon, P. [CEI Campus Moncloa, UCM-UPM, Madrid 28040 (Spain); Instituto de Energía Solar and Depto TFB, E.T.S.I. Telecomunicación, Univ. Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid 28040 (Spain); González-Díaz, G. [Dpto. de Física Aplicada III (Electricidad y Electrónica), Univ. Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040 (Spain); CEI Campus Moncloa, UCM-UPM, Madrid 28040 (Spain); Walukiewicz, W. [Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720 (United States)

2015-05-04

We report the effect of d-levels of vanadium atoms on the electronic band structure of ZnO. Polycrystalline layers of Zn{sub 1−x}V{sub x}O with 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.08 were synthesized using magnetron sputtering technique. Electrical measurements show that electron concentration increases with vanadium up to x = 0.04 and then decreases and films become insulating for x > 0.06. Optical characterization reveals that the absorption edge shifts to higher energy, while the photoluminescence (PL) peak shows a shift to lower energy with increasing vanadium content. This unusual optical behavior can be explained by an anticrossing interaction between the vanadium d-levels and the conduction band (CB) of ZnO. The interaction results in an upward shift of unoccupied CB (E{sub +}) and the downward shift of the fully occupied E{sub −} band derived from the vanadium d-levels. The composition dependence of optical absorption edge (E{sub +}) and PL peak (E{sub −}) can be fitted using the Band Anticrossing model with the vanadium d-level located at 0.13 eV below CB of ZnO and a coupling constant of 0.65 eV.

Vessel wall damage by X-rays and 15 MeV neutrons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aarnoudse, M.W.

1979-01-01

In two simple mucopolysaccharide systems, synovial fluid and subcutaneous connective tissue membranes, the degrading effects of 200 kVp X-rays and 15 MeV neutrons is compared. Due to the depolymerization of the mucopolysaccharides the viscosity of synovial fluid decreases and the permeability of the connective tissue membranes for saline increases after irradiation. In both systems a RBE of 0.6 has been found for fast neutrons. The atheromatous changes in the wall of elastic arteries (lipid penetration into the vessel wall and the formation of plaques consisting of large, lipid-filled foam cells) are studied in the carotid arteries of hypercholesterolemic rabbits, two months after irradiating the arteries with different doses of X-rays or neutrons. (Auth.)

Simbol-X: a formation flight mission with an unprecedented imaging capability in the 0.5-80 keV energy band

Science.gov (United States)

Tagliaferri, Gianpiero; Ferrando, Philippe; Le Duigou, Jean-Michel; Pareschi, Giovanni; Laurent, Philippe; Malaguti, Giuseppe; Clédassou, Rodolphe; Piermaria, Mauro; La Marle, Olivier; Fiore, Fabrizio; Giommi, Paolo

2017-11-01

The discovery of X-ray emission from cosmic sources in the 1960s has opened a new powerful observing window on the Universe. In fact, the exploration of the X-ray sky during the 70s-90s has established X-ray astronomy as a fundamental field of astrophysics. Today, the emission from astrophysical sources is by large best known at energies below 10 keV. The main reason for this situation is purely technical since grazing incidence reflection has so far been limited to the soft X-ray band. Above 10 keV all the observations have been obtained with collimated detectors or coded mask instruments. To make a leap step forward in Xray astronomy above 10 keV it is necessary to extend the principle of focusing X ray optics to higher energies, up to 80 keV and beyond. To this end, ASI and CNES are presently studying the implementation of a X-ray mission called Simbol-X. Taking advantage of emerging technology in mirror manufacturing and spacecraft formation flying, Simbol-X will push grazing incidence imaging up to 80 keV and beyond, providing a strong improvement both in sensitivity and angular resolution compared to all instruments that have operated so far above 10 keV. This technological breakthrough will open a new highenergy window in astrophysics and cosmology. Here we will address the problematic of the development for such a distributed and deformable instrument. We will focus on the main performances of the telescope, like angular resolution, sensitivity and source localization. We will also describe the specificity of the calibration aspects of the payload distributed over two satellites and therefore in a not "frozen" configuration.

Low-energy x-ray dosimetry studies (6 to 16 keV) at SSRL beamline 1-5

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ipe, N.E.; Chatterji, S.; Fassograve, A.; Kase, K.R.; Seefred, R.; Bilski, P.; Soares, C.

1997-01-01

Synchrotron radiation facilities provide a unique opportunity for low-energy x-ray dosimetry studies because of the availability of monochromatic x-ray beams. Results of such studies performed at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL) are described. Polish lithium fluoride thermoluminescent dosemeters (TLDs), MTS-N(LiF:Mg, Ti- 0.4 mm thick), MCP-N (LiF:Mg, Cu, P - 0.4 mm thick) were exposed free in air to monochromatic x-rays (6 - 16 keV). These exposures were monitored with an SSRL ionization chamber. The responses (counts/Gy) of MTS-N and MCP-N were generally found to increase with increasing energy. The response at 16 keV is about 3 and 4 times higher than the response at 6 keV for MTS-N and MCP-N, respectively. Irradiation at 6 keV indicates a fairly linear dose response for both type of TLDs over a dose range of 0.01 to 0.4 Gy. In addition there appears to be no significant difference in responses between irradiating the TLDs from the front and the back sides. The energy response of the PTW ionization chamber type 23342 relative to the SSRL ionization chamber is within ±4.5% between 6 and 16 keV. Both the TLDs and the PTW ionization chamber can also be used for beam dosimetry. copyright 1997 American Institute of Physics

Time delay of the PeV gamma ray burst after the October 1985 radio flare of Cygnus X-3

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Berezinsky, V S

1988-08-11

Cygnus X-3 remains a puzzling and controversial source of ultra-high-energy radiation, E greater than or equal to 0.1 PeV. In existing data, TeV and sometimes PeV radiation has been seen episodically; such an episode is connected with the radio flare of Cyg X-3 in October 1985, when PeV radiation with no phase structure was seen. The PeV pulse was detected 3-5 days after the radio flare. The author proposes a natural explanation for the delay, in which gamma-photons of PeV energy are absorbed by radio radiation inside the source. After a delay, the gamma radiation emerges as the radio flux diminishes and absorption decreases.

An ultrahigh-vacuum apparatus for resonant diffraction experiments using soft x rays (hν=300-2000 eV)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Takeuchi, T.; Chainani, A.; Takata, Y.; Tanaka, Y.; Oura, M.; Tsubota, M.; Senba, Y.; Ohashi, H.; Mochiku, T.; Hirata, K.; Shin, S.

2009-01-01

We have developed an ultrahigh-vacuum instrument for resonant diffraction experiments using polarized soft x rays in the energy range of hν=300-2000 eV at beamline BL17SU of SPring-8. The diffractometer consists of modified differentially pumped rotary feedthroughs for θ-2θ stages, a sample manipulator with motor-controlled x-y-z-, tilt (χ)-, and azimuth (φ)-axes, and a liquid helium flow-type cryostat for temperature dependent measurements between 30 and 300 K. Test results indicate that the diffractometer exhibits high reproducibility (better than 0.001 deg.) for a Bragg reflection of α-quartz 100 at a photon energy of hν=1950 eV. Typical off- and on-resonance Bragg reflections in the energy range of 530-1950 eV could be measured using the apparatus. The results show that x-ray diffraction experiments with energy-, azimuth-, and incident photon polarization-dependence can be reliably measured using soft x rays in the energy range of ∼300-2000 eV. The facility can be used for resonant diffraction experiments across the L-edge of transition metals, M-edge of lanthanides, and up to the Si K-edge of materials.

X-ray Absorption and Diffraction Studies of the Mixed-phase State of (CrxV1-x)2O3

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

D Pease; A Frenkel; V Krayzman; T Huang; P Shanthakumar; J Budnick; P Metcalf; F Chudnovsky; E Stern

2011-12-31

X-ray diffraction and vanadium x-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) data have been obtained for (V{sub 1-x}Cr{sub x}){sub 2}O{sub 3} samples containing several concentrations of Cr, crossing the metal-insulator transition boundary. For single-phase single-crystal samples our theoretical results are generally in good qualitative agreement with our experimental single-crystal XANES, for both crystal orientations relative to the incident-beam electric vector. However, an anomalous peak occurs for both orientations in the K pre-edge of the single-crystal sample containing 1.2% Cr, a paramagnetic insulator sample that is in the concentration regime corresponding to the room-temperature two-phase (coexistence) region of the phase diagram. Upon increasing the temperature of the 0.4% Cr powdered material to 400 K so that one enters the two-phase region of the phase diagram, a similar peak appears and then diminishes at 600 K. These results, as well as experiments done by others involving room-temperature and low-temperature XANES of a 1.1% Cr sample, suggest that this feature in the V pre-edge structure is associated with the appearance under some circumstances of a small amount of highly distorted VO{sub 6} octahedra in the interface region between coexisting metal and insulating phases. Finally, we find that, for the two-phase regime, the concentration ratio of the metal-to-insulating phase varies between different regions from a sample batch of uniform composition made by the skull melting method.

Synthesis, electrical and thermal properties of Bi{sub 4}V{sub 2-x}Zr{sub x}O{sub 11} (x=0.0 and 0.02) ceramics

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sahu, S.; Jangid, S.; Roy, M. [Department of Physics, M. L. Sukhadia University, Udaipur-313002 (Rajasthan) (India); Barbar, S. K. [Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei-10617, Taiwan (China)

2013-02-05

Polycrystalline ceramic samples of Bi{sub 4}V{sub 2-x}Zr{sub x}O{sub 11} (x=0.0 and 0.02) have been synthesized by standard solid state reaction method. The formation of the compounds has been verified by room temperature (RT) X-ray diffraction. The frequency and temperature dependent dielectric constant of both the compounds have been measured. The dielectric studies indicate that the materials are highly lossy. The dc conductivity of the materials has been measured as a function of temperature from RT to 653K and their activation energies were calculated using Arrhenius relation {sigma} = {sigma}{sub Masculine-Ordinal-Indicator }exp)-Ea/kT). The heat capacity and heat flow of both the compounds were determined as a function of temperature using Modulated Differential Scanning Calorimetry (MDSC).

Studies of vanadium-phosphorus-oxygen selective oxidation catalysts by sup 31 P and sup 51 V NMR spin-echo and volume susceptibility measurements

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Li, Juan.

1991-10-01

The purpose of this work is to characterize the vanadium-phosphorous oxide (V-P-O) catalysts for the selective oxidation of n-butane and 1-butene to maleic anhydride. The utility of solid state nuclear magnetic resonance as an analytical tool in this investigation lies in its sensitivity to the electronic environment surrounding the phosphorous and vanadium nuclei, and proximity of paramagnetic species. Spin-echo mapping NMR of {sup 31}p and {sup 51}v and volume magnetic susceptibility measurements were used as local microscopic probes of the presence of V{sup 5+}, V{sup 4+}, V{sup 3+} species in the model compounds: {beta}-VOPO{sub 4}, {beta}-VOPO{sub 4} treated with n-butane/1-butene, (VO){sub 2}P{sub 2}O{sub 7} treated with n-butane/1-butene; and industrial catalysts with P/V (phosphorus to vanadium) ratio of 0.9, 1.0 and 1.1, before and after treatment with n-butane and 1-butene. The NMR spectra provide a picture of how the oxidation states of vanadium are distributed in these catalysts. 73 refs., 32 figs., 8 tabs.

Preparation and electrochemical performance of AgxLi1-xV3O8

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sun Junli; Jiao Lifang; Yuan Huatang; Liu Li; Wei Xin; Miao Yanli; Yang Lin; Wang Yongmei

2009-01-01

We report here the preparation of Ag-doped LiV 3 O 8 for use as a cathode material in rechargeable lithium ion batteries. Synthesis was carried out by sol-gel methods and low temperature calcination using V 2 O 5 wet gel, LiOH.H 2 O, and AgNO 3 as raw materials. The product was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and its electrochemical behavior as a cathode material was studied by galvanostatic charge-discharge, cyclic voltammetry, and ac impedance techniques. The experimental results show that Ag-doped LiV 3 O 8 cathodes have greater initial discharge capacity than undoped cathode. And those Ag-doped LiV 3 O 8 electrodes, especially Ag 0.04 Li 0.96 V 3 O 8 , show the best long-life cycling performance. All of the doped powders show better stability at the 2.6 V plateau efficiency, due to their more stable cell impedance

Investigation on transition behavior and electrical properties of (K0.5Na0.51-xLixNb0.84Ta0.1Sb0.06O3 around polymorphic phase transition region

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chen Zhu

2014-01-01

Full Text Available (K0.5Na0.51-xLixNb0.84Ta0.1Sb0.06O3 (KNLNTS lead free ceramics with different Li concentration were fabricated by conventional solid-state reaction method. By increasing Li ions in KNLNTS, the grains grow up and the crystal structure changes from orthorhombic to tetragonal. When 0.03 ≤ x ≤ 0.05, the ceramics structure lays in PPT region. Polarization versus electric field (P-E hysteresis loops at room temperature show good ferroelectric properties and the remnant polarization decreases by increasing Li content while coercive electric keeps almost unchanged. In PPT region, taking x = 0.04 as an example, the sample shows excellent dielectric properties: the dielectric constant is 1159 and loss tangent is 0.04, while the piezoelectric constant d33 is 245 pC/N and kp is 0.44 at room temperature, it is promising for (K0.5Na0.51-xLixNb0.84Ta0.1Sb0.06O3 with 4 at. % Li to substitute PZT.

Towards 10 meV resolution: The design of an ultrahigh resolution soft X-ray RIXS spectrometer.

Science.gov (United States)

Dvorak, Joseph; Jarrige, Ignace; Bisogni, Valentina; Coburn, Scott; Leonhardt, William

2016-11-01

We present the optical design of the Centurion soft X-ray resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) spectrometer to be located on the SIX beamline at NSLS-II. The spectrometer is designed to reach a resolving power of 100 000 at 1000 eV at its best resolution. It is also designed to have continuously variable 2θ motion over a range of 112° using a custom triple rotating flange. We have analyzed several possible spectrometer designs capable of reaching the target resolution. After careful analysis, we have adopted a Hettrick-Underwood spectrometer design, with an additional plane mirror to maintain a fixed direction for the outgoing beam. The spectrometer can cancel defocus and coma aberrations at all energies, has an erect focal plane, and minimizes mechanical motions of the detector. When the beamline resolution is accounted for, the net spectral resolution will be 14 meV at 1000 eV. This will open up many low energy excitations to study and will expand greatly the power of soft X-ray RIXS.

Towards 10 meV resolution: The design of an ultrahigh resolution soft X-ray RIXS spectrometer

Science.gov (United States)

Dvorak, Joseph; Jarrige, Ignace; Bisogni, Valentina; Coburn, Scott; Leonhardt, William

2016-11-01

We present the optical design of the Centurion soft X-ray resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) spectrometer to be located on the SIX beamline at NSLS-II. The spectrometer is designed to reach a resolving power of 100 000 at 1000 eV at its best resolution. It is also designed to have continuously variable 2θ motion over a range of 112° using a custom triple rotating flange. We have analyzed several possible spectrometer designs capable of reaching the target resolution. After careful analysis, we have adopted a Hettrick-Underwood spectrometer design, with an additional plane mirror to maintain a fixed direction for the outgoing beam. The spectrometer can cancel defocus and coma aberrations at all energies, has an erect focal plane, and minimizes mechanical motions of the detector. When the beamline resolution is accounted for, the net spectral resolution will be 14 meV at 1000 eV. This will open up many low energy excitations to study and will expand greatly the power of soft X-ray RIXS.

Study of the X radiation between 10 and 100 keV produced in and above the atmosphere

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rothenflug, Robert

1969-01-01

To measure the X radiation within this energy range we used a detector consisting of a NaI(Tl) scintillator combined with a photomultiplier, of surface area 7 cm 2 and yield close to 1 between 10 and 100 keV. The detection system was carried by stratospheric balloons to altitudes (of the order of 40 km) where the atmosphere was sufficiently transparent to allow observation of radiation from outside the atmosphere. At the same time the atmosphere is the centre of ionising radiations which give rise to parasitic X-rays in air and in the materials surrounding the detector. The first part of this report is devoted to a study of these parasitic radiations for the purpose of calculating the different components. The second part deals with diffuse X radiation of extra-terrestrial origin. Measurements of the radiation in 3 different directions showed that it is isotropic within the limits of experimental accuracy, of the order of 20 per cent. The diffuse X-ray spectrum takes the form dN/dE = (2.1 ± 0.4).10 2 E -2.43±0.05 ph/cm 2 .s.ster.keV for E expressed in keV, between 14 and 90 keV., The last part is devoted to a discussion on the possible origins of the diffuse radiation. (author) [fr

X-ray fluorescence in some medium-Z elements excited by 59.5 keV photons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Han, I.; Shahin, M.; Demir, L.; Narmanli, E.

2010-01-01

K X-ray fluorescence parameters cross sections and average shell fluorescence yields) for selected ten elements in the atomic range 42 ≤ Z ≤ 66 have been experimentally determined at photon excitation energy of 59.5 keV. K X-rays emitted from the samples have been counted by a Si (Li) detector. The K spectra for investigated elements have been derived from the measured K shell X-ray spectra by peak fitting process. Experimental results of K X-ray fluorescence parameters have been compared with theory. In general there is an agreement within the standard uncertainties of the experimental and theoretical values

Measurement of 2-5 keV x-ray emission from laser-target interactions by using fluor-MCP and CsI-XRD detectors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, P.H.Y.; Tirsell, K.G.; Leipelt, G.R.; Laird, W.B.

1981-01-01

For inertial confinement fusion plasma diagnostics, x-ray diode (XRD) detectors using conventional cathodes are not sensitive enough to measure x-rays above approx. 1.5 keV. However, for laser driver fusion targets, x-rays in the range of 2 to 5 keV are important because of their mobility in the target. We have successfully used fluor-microchannel plate (MCP) detectors to obtain absolute x-ray measurements in the 2 to 5 keV range. Recent data obtained from experiments on the Shiva laser system are presented. In addition, designs for a variety of channels in the range using fluor-MCP and CsI-XRD's above 1.5 keV will be discussed

N +-implantation induced enhanced adhesion in WC1-x/Ti-6Al-4V

Science.gov (United States)

Laidani, Nadhira; Dorigoni, Carla; Miotello, Antonio

1996-12-01

In this work, the potentiality of the N +-implantation to promote adhesion in WC1-x/Ti-6Al-4V bilayers has been investigated. The WC 1- x films were deposited by rf sputtering in Ar discharge. N +-implantations were performed at 160 keV with ion dose ranging from 5 × 10 15 to 2 × 10 17N +/cm 2. The implantations have been carried out at two sample temperatures: 363 K and 423 K. Adhesion strength was measured by means of the scratch test in conjunction with scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were used to study the chemical, compositional and structural changes of the WC1-x/Ti-6Al-4V interface. As a general result, N +-implantation modifies the adhesion failure mechanism which from adhesive, before implantation, becomes cohesive. The implantation temperature had a strong effect on the critical loads Lc. N +-implantation at 423 K resulted in a slight increase of Lc, from 2N (unimplanted systems) to 5N for all ion doses. This weak improvement of the adhesion strength was associated with the particular interface processes which allowed C, but not W, mixing into the substrate. In this case, TiC bondings formed which contributed to the substrate embrittlement. When the implantations were carried out at 363 K, both C and W underwent mixing with Ti-6Al-4V: this favoured not only an interface composition grading but also a graded chemistry across the interface, with a strong increase of Lc for low ion dose ( Lc = 14N for 1 × 10 16 N +/cm 2). Implantation with higher doses (5 × 10 16N -/cm 2 and 2 × 10 17N +/cm 2) exhibited lower efficiency ( Lc = 7N for 2 × 10 17 N +/cm 2). This ion dose dependence of the adhesion strength was attributed to the formation of different phases across the interface, probably structurally incompatible.

Optical conductivity of Ni1 − xPtx alloys (0<x<0.25 from 0.76 to 6.6 eV

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lina S. Abdallah

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Using spectroscopic ellipsometry and Drude-Lorentz oscillator fitting, we determined the dielectric function and optical conductivity versus photon energy from 0.76 to 6.6 eV of 10 nm thick Ni1 − xPtx alloy (0<x<0.25 films deposited on thick thermal oxides. We find absorption peaks near 1.6 and 5.0 eV due to interband optical transitions. There is a significant broadening of the UV peak with increasing Pt content, since the bandwidth of the 3d electrons in Ni is smaller than that of the 5d bands in Pt. Our experimental observation is consistent with ab initio calculations of the density of states for Ni, Pt, and the Ni3Pt compound. Annealing the metals at 500°C for 30 s increases the optical conductivity.

Comparison of phase composition, morphology and electrochemical property for Li3−xNaxV2(PO4)3 (x=0.5, 1.5 and 2.0) as lithium storage cathode materials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mao, Jinli; Shao, Lianyi; Li, Peng; Lin, Xiaoting; Shui, Miao; Long, Nengbing; Shu, Jie

2015-01-01

Graphical abstract: Display Omitted -- Highlights: •Li 3−x Na x V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 is prepared by a solid-state reaction method. •Li 2.5 Na 0.5 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 is a three-phase mixture. •Both Li 1.5 Na 1.5 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 and LiNa 2 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 are two-phase composite. •Lithium ion diffusion coefficient is detected by cyclic voltammetry. •Structural change of LiNa 2 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 is observed by in-situ XRD. -- Abstract: Three Li 3-x Na x V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 (x=0.5, 1.5 and 2.0) samples are synthesized by a traditional solid-state reaction method in this work. Their phase composition, surface morphology and electrochemical property are described and compared by using various physical/chemical methods. Phase analysis results reveal that Li 2.5 Na 0.5 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 consists of monoclinic Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 , rhombohedral Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 and rhombohedral Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3. While, both Li 1.5 Na 1.5 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 and LiNa 2 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 are the two-phase mixture consisted of rhombohedral Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 and rhombohedral Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 . Electrochemical testing results reveal that LiNa 2 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 and Li 1.5 Na 1.5 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 can deliver the initial discharge capacities of 101.4 mAh g −1 and 108.6 mAh g −1 with a long potential plateau at 3.69 V, respectively. In contrast, Li 2.5 Na 0.5 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 presents an initial discharge capacity of 111.7 mAh g −1 with four potential plateaus. High lithium ion diffusion coefficient in Li 2.5 Na 0.5 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 indicates that the existence of monoclinic Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 phase can improve the ionic conductivity and then be responsible for good electrochemical performance. Besides, in-situ X-ray diffraction observation of LiNa 2 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 demonstrates that the phase transition is not fully reversible but quasi-reversible during the lithiation-delithiation process. The partial irreversibility of structural evolution for LiNa 2 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 induces the capacity loss upon repeated cycles

Influence of caffeine on X-ray-induced killing and mutation in V79 cells

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bhattacharjee, S.B.; Bhattacharyya, N.; Chatterjee, S.

1987-01-01

Effects produced by caffeine on X-irradiated Chinese hamster V79 cells depended on the growth conditions of the cells. For exponentially growing cells, nontoxic concentrations of caffeine decreased the shoulder width from the survival curve, but the slope remained unchanged. The yield of mutants under the same conditions also remained unaffected. In case of density-inhibited cells, delaying trypsinization for 24 h after X irradiation increased the survival and decreased the yield of mutants. The presence of caffeine during this incubation period inhibited such recovery and significantly increased the yield of X-ray-induced mutants

Influence of caffeine on X-ray-induced killing and mutation in V79 cells

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bhattacharjee, S.B.; Bhattacharyya, N.; Chatterjee, S.

1987-02-01

Effects produced by caffeine on X-irradiated Chinese hamster V79 cells depended on the growth conditions of the cells. For exponentially growing cells, nontoxic concentrations of caffeine decreased the shoulder width from the survival curve, but the slope remained unchanged. The yield of mutants under the same conditions also remained unaffected. In case of density-inhibited cells, delaying trypsinization for 24 h after X irradiation increased the survival and decreased the yield of mutants. The presence of caffeine during this incubation period inhibited such recovery and significantly increased the yield of X-ray-induced mutants.

A portable Compton spectrometer for clinical X-ray beams in the energy range 20-150 keV

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vieira, A.A.; Linke, A.; Yoshimura, E.M.; Terini, R.A.; Herdade, S.B.

2011-01-01

Primary beam spectra were obtained for an X-ray industrial equipment (40-150 kV), and for a clinical mammography apparatus (25-35 kV) from beams scattered at angles close to 90 o , measured with a CdTe Compton spectrometer. Actual scattering angles were determined from the Compton energy shift of characteristic X-rays or spectra end-point energy. Evaluated contribution of coherent scattering amounts to more than 15% of fluence in mammographic beams. This technique can be used in clinical environments.

Measurement of the X-ray mass attenuation coefficients of silver in the 5-20 keV range.

Science.gov (United States)

Islam, M Tauhidul; Tantau, Lachlan J; Rae, Nicholas A; Barnea, Zwi; Tran, Chanh Q; Chantler, Christopher T

2014-03-01

The X-ray mass attenuation coefficients of silver were measured in the energy range 5-20 keV with an accuracy of 0.01-0.2% on a relative scale down to 5.3 keV, and of 0.09-1.22% on an absolute scale to 5.0 keV. This analysis confirms that with careful choice of foil thickness and careful correction for systematics, especially including harmonic contents at lower energies, the X-ray attenuation of high-Z elements can be measured with high accuracy even at low X-ray energies (silver in the low energy range, indicating the possibility of obtaining high-accuracy X-ray absorption fine structure down to the L1 edge (3.8 keV) of silver. Comparison of results reported here with an earlier data set optimized for higher energies confirms accuracy to within one standard error of each data set collected and analysed using the principles of the X-ray extended-range technique (XERT). Comparison with theory shows a slow divergence towards lower energies in this region away from absorption edges. The methodology developed can be used for the XAFS analysis of compounds and solutions to investigate structural features, bonding and coordination chemistry.

Microstructure and thermochromic properties of VO{sub X}-WO{sub X}-VO{sub X} ceramic thin films

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Khamseh, S.; Ghahari, M. [Institute for Color Science and Technology, Department of Nanomaterial and Nanocoatings, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Araghi, H. [Islamic Azad University, Department of Materials Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Faghihi Sani, M.A. [Sharif University of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of)

2016-03-15

W-doped VO{sub 2} films have been synthesized via oxygen annealing of V-W-V (vanadium-tungsten-vanadium) multilayered films. The effects of middle layer's thickness of V-W-V multilayered film on structure and properties of VO{sub X}-WO{sub X}-VO{sub X} ceramic thin films were investigated. The as-deposited V-W-V multilayered film showed amorphous-like structure when mixed structure of VO{sub 2} (M) and VO{sub 2} (B) was formed in VO{sub X}-WO{sub X}-VO{sub X} ceramic thin films. Tungsten content of VO{sub X}-WO{sub X}-VO{sub X} ceramic thin films increased with increasing middle layer's thickness. With increasing middle layer's thickness, room temperature square resistance (R{sub sq}) of VO{sub X}-WO{sub X}-VO{sub X} ceramic thin films increased from 65 to 86 kΩ/sq. The VO{sub X}-WO{sub X}-VO{sub X} ceramic thin film with the thinnest middle layer showed significant SMT (semiconductor-metal transition) when SMT became negligible on increasing middle layer's thickness. (orig.)

Analysis of Residual Nuclide in a ACM and ACCT of 100-MeV proton beamline By measurement X-ray Spectrum

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Park, Jeong-Min; Yun, Sang-Pil; Kim, Han-Sung; Kwon, Hyeok-Jung; Cho, Yong-Sub [Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Gyeongju (Korea, Republic of)

2015-10-15

The proton beam is provides to users as various energy range from 20 MeV to 100 MeV. After protons generated from the ion source are accelerated to 100 MeV and irradiated to target through bending magnet and AC magnet. At this time, relatively high dose X-ray is emitted due to collision of proton and components of beamline. The generated X-ray is remaining after the accelerator is turned off and analyzing residual nuclides through the measurement of X-ray spectrum. Then identify the components that are the primary cause of residual nuclides are detected form the AC magnet(ACM) and associated components (ACCT). Analysis of the X-ray spectrum generated form the AC magnet(ACM) and AC current transformer(ACCT) of 100 MeV beamline according to the proton beam irradiation, most of the residual nuclides are identified it can be seen that emission in the stainless steel by beam loss.

Understanding the internal structures of X(4140), X(4274), X(4500) and X(4700)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chen, Hua-Xing; Cui, Er-Liang [Beihang University, School of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Materials and Physics, Beijing (China); Chen, Wei [University of Saskatchewan, Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan (Canada); Liu, Xiang [Lanzhou University, School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou (China); Lanzhou University and Institute of Modern Physics of CAS, Research Center for Hadron and CSR Physics, Lanzhou (China); Zhu, Shi-Lin [Peking University, School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Beijing (China); Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing (China); Peking University, Center of High Energy Physics, Beijing (China)

2017-03-15

We investigate the newly observed X(4500) and X(4700) based on the diquark-antidiquark configuration within the framework of QCD sum rules. Both of them may be interpreted as the D-wave cs anti c anti s tetraquark states of J{sup P} = 0{sup +}, but with opposite color structures, which is remarkably similar to the result obtained in Chen and Zhu (Phys Rev D 83:034010, 2011) that X(4140) and X(4274) can be both interpreted as the S-wave cs anti c anti s tetraquark states of J{sup P} = 1{sup +}, also with opposite color structures. However, the extracted masses and these suggested assignments to these X states do depend on these running quark masses where m{sub s}(2 GeV) = 95 ± 5 MeV and m{sub c}(m{sub c}) = 1.23 ± 0.09 GeV. As a byproduct, the masses of the hidden-bottom partner states of X(4500) and X(4700) are extracted to be both around 10.64 GeV, which can be searched for in the Υφ invariant mass distribution. (orig.)

X-Files opjat v stroju

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2008-01-01

USA sarjale "The X-Files" põhinev teine järjefilm "Salatoimikud: Ma tahan uskuda" ("The X-Files: I Want to Believe") : režissöör Chris Carter : peaosades David Duchovny, Gillian Anderson : Ameerika Ühendriigid - Kanada 2008

Magneto-optical properties BaBi{sub x}La{sub x}Fe{sub 12−2x}O{sub 19} (0.0≤x≤0.5) hexaferrites

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Auwal, I.A. [Department of Chemistry, Fatih University, 34500 B.Çekmece, İstanbul (Turkey); Baykal, A., E-mail: hbaykal@fatih.edu.tr [Department of Chemistry, Fatih University, 34500 B.Çekmece, İstanbul (Turkey); Güner, S. [Department of Physics, Fatih University, 34500 B.Çekmece, İstanbul (Turkey); Sertkol, M. [Department of Physics Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul (Turkey); Sözeri, H. [TUBITAK-UME, National Metrology Institute, P.O. Box 54, 41470 Gebze, Kocaeli (Turkey)

2016-07-01

BaBi{sub x}La{sub x}Fe{sub (12−2x)}O{sub 19} (0.0≤x≤0.5) hexaferrites were synthesized by solid state synthesis route and the effects of Bi, La substitutions on structural, magnetic and optical properties were investigated. X-ray powder diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy, Vibrating sample magnetometer, and Percent diffuse reflectance spectroscopy were used to study the physical properties. Room temperature specific magnetization (M–H) curves revealed the ferromagnetic nature of all products. The increasing Bi, La compositions increased the magnetic properties at different magnitudes with respect to undoped BaFe{sub 12}O{sub 19} sample. The maximum values of remnant specific magnetization (M{sub r}=30.3 emu/g), extrapolated specific saturation magnetization (M{sub s}=62.12 emu/g), and magneton number (n{sub B}=16.27) were recorded from BaBi{sub 0.2}La{sub 0.2}Fe{sub 11.4}O{sub 19} hexaferrite. The average crystallite size varies in a range of (37.35–51.36) nm. The coercive field (H{sub c}) of undoped hexaferrites is 1180 Oe and increased to maximum 2320 Oe belonging to BaBi{sub 0.4}La{sub 0.4}Fe{sub 11.2}O{sub 19}. Magnetic anisotropy was confirmed as uniaxial and calculated effective anisotropy constants (K{sub eff}) are between 4.27×10{sup 5} Ergs/g and 5.05×10{sup 5} Ergs/g. The high magnitudes of magnetocrystalline anisotropy (H{sub a}) above than 16,200 Oe revealed that all samples are magnetically hard materials. The Tauc plots were drawn to extrapolate the direct optical energy band gap (E{sub g}) of hexaferrites. The E{sub g} values decreased from 1.76 eV to 1.47 eV with increasing Bi, La compositions. - Highlights: • BaBi{sub x}La{sub x}Fe{sub (12−2x)}O{sub 19} (0.0≤x≤0.5) hexaferrites were synthesized by solid state synthesis route. • The E{sub g} values decreased from 1.76 eV to 1.47 eV with increasing Bi, La compositions. • BaBi{sub xx}La{sub xx}Fe{sub 12-2x}O{sub 19} hexaferrites good candidate for potential applications

Development of the GEM-TPC X-ray Polarimeter with the Scalable Readout System

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kitaguchi Takao

2018-01-01

Full Text Available We have developed a gaseous Time Projection Chamber (TPC containing a single-layered foil of a gas electron multiplier (GEM to open up a new window on cosmic X-ray polarimetry in the 2–10 keV band. The micro-pattern TPC polarimeter in combination with the Scalable Readout System produced by the RD51 collaboration has been built as an engineering model to optimize detector parameters and improve polarimeter sensitivity. The polarimeter was characterized with unpolarized X-rays from an X-ray generator in a laboratory and polarized X-rays on the BL32B2 beamline at the SPring-8 synchrotron radiation facility. Preliminary results show that the polarimeter has a comparable modulation factor to a prototype of the flight one.

Comparison between TG-51 and TRS-398: electron contamination effect on photon beam-quality specification

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Medina, Antonio Lopez; Teijeiro, Antonio; Salvador, Francisco; Medal, Daniela; Vazquez, Julio; Salgado, Manuel; Carrion, MarIa C

2004-01-01

Two dosimetry protocols based on absorbed dose to water have recently been implemented: TG-51 and TRS-398. These protocols use different beam-quality indices. The effect of electron contamination in measurements of %dd(10) x has been proposed as a disadvantage of the TG-51. For actual measurements of %dd(10) x in five clinical beams ) a purging magnet was employed to remove the electron contamination. Also, %dd(10) x was measured in the different ways described in TG-51 for high-energy beams: with a lead foil at 50 cm from the phantom surface, at 30 cm, and for open beam. Moreover, TPR 20,10 was determined. Also, periodic quality-control measurements were used for comparing both quality indices and variation over time, but D 20,10 was used instead of TPR 20,10 and measurements in open beam for the %dd(10) x determination. Considering both protocols, S w,air and k Q were calculated in order to compare the results with the experimental data. Significant differences (0.3% for k Q ) were only found for the two high-energy beams, but when the electron contamination is underestimated by TG-51, the difference in k Q is lower. Differences in the other cases and variations over time were less than 0.1%

Multilayer optics for monochromatic high-resolution X-ray imaging diagnostic in a broad photon energy range from 2 keV to 22 keV

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Troussel, Ph.; Dennetiere, D.; Maroni, R.; Høghøj, P.; Hedacq, S.; Cibik, L.; Krumrey, M.

2014-01-01

The “Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives” (CEA) studies and designs advanced X-ray diagnostics to probe dense plasmas produced at the future Laser MegaJoule (LMJ) facility. Mainly for X-ray imaging with high spatial resolution, different types of multilayer mirrors were developed to provide broadband X-ray reflectance at grazing incidence. These coatings are deposited on two toroidal mirror substrates that are then mounted into a Wolter-type geometry (working at a grazing angle of 0.45°) to realize an X-ray microscope. Non-periodic (depth graded) W/Si multilayer can be used in the broad photon energy range from 2 keV to 22 keV. A third flat mirror can be added for the spectral selection of the microscope. This mirror is coated with a Mo/Si multilayer for which the d-spacing varies in the longitudinal direction to satisfy the Bragg condition within the angular acceptance of the microscope and also to compensate the angular dispersion due to the field of the microscope. We present a study of such a so-called Göbel mirror which was optimized for photon energy of 10.35 keV. The three mirrors were coated using magnetron sputtering technology by Xenocs SA. The reflectance in the entire photon energy range was determined in the laboratory of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) at the synchrotron radiation facility BESSY II in Berlin

Multilayer optics for monochromatic high-resolution X-ray imaging diagnostic in a broad photon energy range from 2 keV to 22 keV

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Troussel, Ph., E-mail: philippe.troussel@cea.fr [CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon (France); Dennetiere, D. [Synchrotron Soleil, L’orme des Merisiers, 91190 Saint-Aubin (France); Maroni, R. [CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon (France); Høghøj, P.; Hedacq, S. [Xenocs SA, 19, rue François Blumet, F-38360 Sassenage (France); Cibik, L.; Krumrey, M. [Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestr. 2-12, 10587 Berlin (Germany)

2014-12-11

The “Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives” (CEA) studies and designs advanced X-ray diagnostics to probe dense plasmas produced at the future Laser MegaJoule (LMJ) facility. Mainly for X-ray imaging with high spatial resolution, different types of multilayer mirrors were developed to provide broadband X-ray reflectance at grazing incidence. These coatings are deposited on two toroidal mirror substrates that are then mounted into a Wolter-type geometry (working at a grazing angle of 0.45°) to realize an X-ray microscope. Non-periodic (depth graded) W/Si multilayer can be used in the broad photon energy range from 2 keV to 22 keV. A third flat mirror can be added for the spectral selection of the microscope. This mirror is coated with a Mo/Si multilayer for which the d-spacing varies in the longitudinal direction to satisfy the Bragg condition within the angular acceptance of the microscope and also to compensate the angular dispersion due to the field of the microscope. We present a study of such a so-called Göbel mirror which was optimized for photon energy of 10.35 keV. The three mirrors were coated using magnetron sputtering technology by Xenocs SA. The reflectance in the entire photon energy range was determined in the laboratory of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) at the synchrotron radiation facility BESSY II in Berlin.

Multilayer optics for monochromatic high-resolution X-ray imaging diagnostic in a broad photon energy range from 2 keV to 22 keV

Science.gov (United States)

Troussel, Ph.; Dennetiere, D.; Maroni, R.; Høghøj, P.; Hedacq, S.; Cibik, L.; Krumrey, M.

2014-12-01

The "Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives" (CEA) studies and designs advanced X-ray diagnostics to probe dense plasmas produced at the future Laser MegaJoule (LMJ) facility. Mainly for X-ray imaging with high spatial resolution, different types of multilayer mirrors were developed to provide broadband X-ray reflectance at grazing incidence. These coatings are deposited on two toroidal mirror substrates that are then mounted into a Wolter-type geometry (working at a grazing angle of 0.45°) to realize an X-ray microscope. Non-periodic (depth graded) W/Si multilayer can be used in the broad photon energy range from 2 keV to 22 keV. A third flat mirror can be added for the spectral selection of the microscope. This mirror is coated with a Mo/Si multilayer for which the d-spacing varies in the longitudinal direction to satisfy the Bragg condition within the angular acceptance of the microscope and also to compensate the angular dispersion due to the field of the microscope. We present a study of such a so-called Göbel mirror which was optimized for photon energy of 10.35 keV. The three mirrors were coated using magnetron sputtering technology by Xenocs SA. The reflectance in the entire photon energy range was determined in the laboratory of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) at the synchrotron radiation facility BESSY II in Berlin.

Crimson Viper 2015

Science.gov (United States)

2015-08-01

91 Figure 56: Cisco Access Points (Left) ASTERIA (Center) ASUS ROG G751 (Right) ........ 92 Figure 57: Actual gear onsite at CV15 (1) SEEK...nature of the applications would make them marketable in many areas. Cultural Factors: Cultural factors that affected the TransApps demonstration...operations. Biometrics Support Technologies Figure 56: Cisco Access Points (Left) ASTERIA (Center) ASUS ROG G751 (Right) The Cisco

[Expression, purification and antibody preparation of recombinat SARS-CoV X5 protein].

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Li-Na; Kong, Jian-Qiang; Zhu, Ping; Du, Guan-Hua; Wang, Wei; Cheng, Ke-Di

2008-11-01

X5 protein is one of the putative unknown proteins of SARS-CoV. The recombinant protein has been successfully expressed in E. coli in the form of insoluble inclusion body. The inclusion body was dissolved in high concentration of urea. Affinity Chromatography was preformed to purify the denatured protein, and then the product was refolded in a series of gradient solutions of urea. The purified protein was obtained with the purity of > 95% and the yield of 93.3 mg x L(-1). Polyclonal antibody of this protein was obtained, and Western blotting assay indicated that the X5 protein has the strong property of antigen. Sixty-eight percent of the recombinant protein sequence was confirmed by LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis.

A comparative structural and electrochemical study of monoclinic Li3V2(PO4)3/C and rhombohedral Li2.5Na0.5V(2−2x/3)Nix(PO4)3/C

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, Wenhui; Chen, Zhenyu; Zhang, Jiaolong; Dai, Changsong; Li, Jiajie; Ji, Dalong

2013-01-01

In order to synthesize pure derivative of rhombohedral Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 (LVP), lithium-ion batteries materials Li 2.5 Na 0.5 V (2−2x/3) Ni x (PO 4 ) 3 /C (x = 0.03, 0.06, 0.09) and its control, monoclinic Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 /C (LVP/C), were prepared by sol–gel method. The samples were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and electrochemical methods. The XRD patterns of Li 2.5 Na 0.5 V (2−2x/3) Ni x (PO 4 ) 3 /C are in good agreement with that of rhombohedral LVP, which indicates that the Na + –Ni 2+ composite doping can change the structure of monoclinic LVP. All the composite doping samples displayed a single flat plateau at 3.7 V in the charge/discharge voltage profile, which is caused by transformation of multi-phase mechanism to single-phase mechanism. For Li 2.5 Na 0.5 V 1.98 Ni 0.03 (PO 4 ) 3 /C, a specific discharge capacity of 108 mAh g −1 was achieved at a 0.5 C charge rate and a 1 C discharge rate, and a 99.0% retention rate of the initial capacity was obtained after 50 cycles

RAD51AP2, a novel vertebrate- and meiotic-specific protein, sharesa conserved RAD51-interacting C-terminal domain with RAD51AP1/PIR51

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kovalenko, Oleg V.; Wiese, Claudia; Schild, David

2006-07-25

Many interacting proteins regulate and/or assist the activities of RAD51, a recombinase which plays a critical role in both DNA repair and meiotic recombination. Yeast two-hybrid screening of a human testis cDNA library revealed a new protein, RAD51AP2 (RAD51 Associated Protein 2), that interacts strongly with RAD51. A full-length cDNA clone predicts a novel vertebrate specific protein of 1159 residues, and the RAD51AP2 transcript was observed only in meiotic tissue (i.e. adult testis and fetal ovary), suggesting a meiotic-specific function for RAD51AP2. In HEK293 cells the interaction of RAD51 with an ectopically-expressed recombinant large fragment of RAD51AP2 requires the C-terminal 57 residues of RAD51AP2. This RAD51-binding region shows 81% homology to the C-terminus of RAD51AP1/PIR51, an otherwise totally unrelated RAD51-binding partner that is ubiquitously expressed. Analyses using truncations and point mutations in both RAD51AP1 and RAD51AP2 demonstrate that these proteins use the same structural motif for RAD51 binding. RAD54 shares some homology with this RAD51-binding motif, but this homologous region plays only an accessory role to the adjacent main RAD51-interacting region, which has been narrowed here to 40 amino acids. A novel protein, RAD51AP2, has been discovered that interacts with RAD51 through a C-terminal motif also present in RAD51AP1.

Laboratory measurements of 50-300 eV X rays from collisions of cometary interest: Ne and S L X rays, Fe M X rays and others

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Verzani, C.J.; Miller, K.; Wrigley, A.; Kessel, Q.; Smith, W.W.; Smith, S.J.; Hossain, S.; Chutjian, A.

2007-01-01

Laboratory measurements simulating the impact of certain solar wind ions on CO have been made. Preliminary analysis of the X rays in the 50-300 eV energy range produced by these collisions suggests that a dominant role is played by electron capture and subsequent relaxation of the electron to the n = 2 levels of solar wind ions such as Ne and S. In particular our data show that X rays from Ne play a role that is at least as significant as that of the more dominant solar wind ion O 6+ in this X-ray energy range. It may be assumed that Mg and Si may also play an important role; however, these ions were not included in the present experiment

Qualitative comparison of bremsstrahlung X-rays and 800 MeV protons for tomography of urania fuel pellets

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Morris, C. L.; Bourke, M.; Byler, D. D.; Chen, C. F.; Hogan, G.; Hunter, J. F.; Kwiatkowski, K.; Mariam, F. G.; McClellan, K. J.; Merrill, F.; Morley, D. J.; Saunders, A. [Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 (United States)

2013-02-15

We present an assessment of x-rays and proton tomography as tools for studying the time dependence of the development of damage in fuel rods. We also show data taken with existing facilities at Los Alamos National Laboratory that support this assessment. Data on surrogate fuel rods have been taken using the 800 MeV proton radiography (pRad) facility at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE), and with a 450 keV bremsstrahlung X-ray tomography facility. The proton radiography pRad facility at LANSCE can provide good position resolution (<70 {mu}m has been demonstrate, 20 {mu}m seems feasible with minor changes) for tomography on activated fuel rods. Bremsstrahlung x-rays may be able to provide better than 100 {mu}m resolution but further development of sources, collimation, and detectors is necessary for x-rays to deal with the background radiation for tomography of activated fuel rods.

Qualitative comparison of bremsstrahlung X-rays and 800 MeV protons for tomography of urania fuel pellets

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Morris, C. L.; Bourke, M.; Byler, D. D.; Chen, C. F.; Hogan, G.; Hunter, J. F.; Kwiatkowski, K.; Mariam, F. G.; McClellan, K. J.; Merrill, F.; Morley, D. J.; Saunders, A.

2013-01-01

We present an assessment of x-rays and proton tomography as tools for studying the time dependence of the development of damage in fuel rods. We also show data taken with existing facilities at Los Alamos National Laboratory that support this assessment. Data on surrogate fuel rods have been taken using the 800 MeV proton radiography (pRad) facility at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE), and with a 450 keV bremsstrahlung X-ray tomography facility. The proton radiography pRad facility at LANSCE can provide good position resolution (<70 μm has been demonstrate, 20 μm seems feasible with minor changes) for tomography on activated fuel rods. Bremsstrahlung x-rays may be able to provide better than 100 μm resolution but further development of sources, collimation, and detectors is necessary for x-rays to deal with the background radiation for tomography of activated fuel rods.

7 CFR 51.2335 - Grades.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

...) Discoloration; (iv) Hail; (v) Growth cracks; (vi) Scab; (vii) Scars; (viii) Heat, sprayburn, or sunburn; (ix... cracks; (vi) Scab; (vii) Scars; (viii) Heat, sprayburn, or sunburn; (ix) Scale; (x) Insects; (xi) Other...; (vii) Scars; (viii) Heat, sprayburn, or sunburn; (ix) Scale; (x) Insects; (xi) Other diseases; and...

Exciton luminescence in CdxMn1-xTe compounds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Caraman, M.; Gashin, P.; Metelitsa, Snejana; Nicorici, Valentina; Nicorici, A.

2002-01-01

The Cd x Mn 1-x Te (0.5 7 W/cm 2 . The luminescence spectra were observed at 78 K. The results of the study had shown that the presence of relatively narrow luminescence peaks localized in the region of the fundamental absorption edge is characteristic for these spectra and for the majority of the crystals a wide maximum in the long wavelength region is observed. The luminescence maxima with an accuracy of ∼ 5 meV correspond to the resonance energy of the excitons of the state with n=1 determined from the absorption spectra. Hence, these maxima can be considered as exciton luminescence stimulated either by the excitons of the state n=1 or bounded to the exciton ionization centers. From the analysis of the absorption and exciton luminescence spectra one can make a conclusion about the fact that the homogeneity extent of the crystals decreases from CdTe to the compounds with x= 0.8 - 0.7 and slightly increases at the x decrease to 0.5. The exciton luminescence lines in CdTe and Cd 0.99 Mn 0.01 Te crystals is shifting by 7 - 10 meV relatively to the lines of free excitons absorption. This fact is explained by the fact that in these crystals, probably, excitons bounding to the lattice inherited defects with the binding energy of 7 - 10 meV participate in the luminescence. In the long wavelength region a wide peak is observed on which the impurity lines are not displayed. In the luminescence spectra of CdTe with 0.1%. As crystals three maxima at 1.51 eV, 1.46 eV and 1.42 eV are revealed. For pure CdTe the maximum at 1.4 eV is also revealed. These maxima are explained by the luminescence through the recombination levels localized at 0.46 eV. (authors)

GPM Level 3 IMERG Half Hourly 0.1 x 0.1 degree V03

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — This Directory Interchange Format (DIF) describes a collection of fields for the GPM Level 3 IMERG Final Half Hourly 0.1 x 0.1 degree V03 (GPM_3IMERGHH) at the NASA...

Low-energy x-ray dosimetry studies (7 to 17.5 keV) with synchroton radiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ipe, N.E.; Bellamy, H.; Flood, J.R.

1995-06-01

Unique properties of synchrotron radiation (SR), such as its high intensity, brightness, polarization, and broad spectral distribution (extending from x-ray to infra-red wavelengths) make it an attractive light source for numerous experiments. As SR facilities are rapidly being built all over the world, they introduce the need for low-energy x-ray dosemeters because of the potential radiation exposure to experimenters. However, they also provide a unique opportunity for low-energy x-ray dosimetry studies because of the availability of monochromatic x-ray beams. Results of such studies performed at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory are described. Lithium fluoride TLDs (TLD-100) of varying thicknesses (0.015 to 0.08 cm) were exposed free in air to monochromatic x-rays (7 to 17.5 keV). These exposures were monitored with ionization chambers. The response (nC/Gy) was found to increase with increasing TLD thickness and with increasing beam energy. A steeper increase in response with increasing energy was observed with the thicker TLDs. The responses at 7 and 17.5 keV were within a factor of 2.3 and 5.2 for the 0.015 and 0.08 cm-thick TLDs, respectively. The effects of narrow (beam size smaller than the dosemeter) and broad (beam size larger than the dosemeter) beams on the response of the TLDs are also reported

Thermodynamic study of (alkyl esters+α,ω-alkyl dihalides) II: HmE and VmE for 25 binary mixtures {xCu-1H2u-1CO2C2H5+(1-x)α,ω-BrCH2(CH2)v-2CH2Br}, where u=1 to 5, α=1 and v=ω=2 to 6

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ortega, J.; Navas, A.; Placido, J.; Toledo, F.J.

2006-01-01

Excess molar enthalpies H m E , and excess molar volumes V m E , have been determined experimentally at constant conditions of atmospheric pressure and a temperature of T=298.15K, for a set of 25 binary mixtures, composed of ethyl alkanoate (methanoate to pentanoate) with each of the α,ω-dibromoalkanes (1,2-dibromoethane to 1,6-dibromohexane), presenting the values of excess quantities Y m E as a function of the ester composition x. Most of the mixtures presented V m E >0, except those formed by 1,5-dibromopentane and 1,6-dibromohexane with propanoate, butanoate and ethyl pentanoate, for which V m E m E are made using two versions of the UNIFAC group contribution model. The version proposed by Dang and Tassios produces unacceptable estimations, while the version of Gmehling et al. produces results closer to experimentals.

MASS CALIBRATION AND COSMOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE SPT-SZ GALAXY CLUSTER SAMPLE USING VELOCITY DISPERSION σ {sub v} AND X-RAY Y {sub X} MEASUREMENTS

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bocquet, S.; Saro, A.; Mohr, J. J.; Bazin, G.; Chiu, I.; Desai, S. [Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Scheinerstr. 1, D-81679 München (Germany); Aird, K. A. [University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637 (United States); Ashby, M. L. N.; Bayliss, M. [Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 (United States); Bautz, M. [Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 (United States); Benson, B. A. [Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510-0500 (United States); Bleem, L. E.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Chang, C. L.; Crawford, T. M.; Crites, A. T. [Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637 (United States); Brodwin, M. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, 5110 Rockhill Road, Kansas City, MO 64110 (United States); Cho, H. M. [NIST Quantum Devices Group, 325 Broadway Mailcode 817.03, Boulder, CO 80305 (United States); Clocchiatti, A. [Departamento de Astronomia y Astrosifica, Pontificia Universidad Catolica (Chile); De Haan, T., E-mail: bocquet@usm.lmu.de [Department of Physics, McGill University, 3600 Rue University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T8 (Canada); and others

2015-02-01

We present a velocity-dispersion-based mass calibration of the South Pole Telescope Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect survey (SPT-SZ) galaxy cluster sample. Using a homogeneously selected sample of 100 cluster candidates from 720 deg{sup 2} of the survey along with 63 velocity dispersion (σ {sub v}) and 16 X-ray Y {sub X} measurements of sample clusters, we simultaneously calibrate the mass-observable relation and constrain cosmological parameters. Our method accounts for cluster selection, cosmological sensitivity, and uncertainties in the mass calibrators. The calibrations using σ {sub v} and Y {sub X} are consistent at the 0.6σ level, with the σ {sub v} calibration preferring ∼16% higher masses. We use the full SPT{sub CL} data set (SZ clusters+σ {sub v}+Y {sub X}) to measure σ{sub 8}(Ω{sub m}/0.27){sup 0.3} = 0.809 ± 0.036 within a flat ΛCDM model. The SPT cluster abundance is lower than preferred by either the WMAP9 or Planck+WMAP9 polarization (WP) data, but assuming that the sum of the neutrino masses is ∑m {sub ν} = 0.06 eV, we find the data sets to be consistent at the 1.0σ level for WMAP9 and 1.5σ for Planck+WP. Allowing for larger ∑m {sub ν} further reconciles the results. When we combine the SPT{sub CL} and Planck+WP data sets with information from baryon acoustic oscillations and Type Ia supernovae, the preferred cluster masses are 1.9σ higher than the Y {sub X} calibration and 0.8σ higher than the σ {sub v} calibration. Given the scale of these shifts (∼44% and ∼23% in mass, respectively), we execute a goodness-of-fit test; it reveals no tension, indicating that the best-fit model provides an adequate description of the data. Using the multi-probe data set, we measure Ω{sub m} = 0.299 ± 0.009 and σ{sub 8} = 0.829 ± 0.011. Within a νCDM model we find ∑m {sub ν} = 0.148 ± 0.081 eV. We present a consistency test of the cosmic growth rate using SPT clusters. Allowing both the growth index γ and the dark energy equation

Impact of x-ray dose on the response of CR-39 to 1–5.5 MeV alphas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rojas-Herrera, J., E-mail: jimmy06@mit.edu; Rinderknecht, H. G.; Zylstra, A. B.; Gatu Johnson, M.; Orozco, D.; Rosenberg, M. J.; Sio, H.; Seguin, F. H.; Frenje, J. A.; Li, C. K.; Petrasso, R. D. [Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 (United States)

2015-03-15

The CR-39 nuclear track detector is used in many nuclear diagnostics fielded at inertial confinement fusion (ICF) facilities. Large x-ray fluences generated by ICF experiments may impact the CR-39 response to incident charged particles. To determine the impact of x-ray exposure on the CR-39 response to alpha particles, a thick-target bremsstrahlung x-ray generator was used to expose CR-39 to various doses of 8 keV Cu-K{sub α} and K{sub β} x-rays. The CR-39 detectors were then exposed to 1–5.5 MeV alphas from an Am-241 source. The regions of the CR-39 exposed to x-rays showed a smaller track diameter than those not exposed to x-rays: for example, a dose of 3.0 ± 0.1 Gy causes a decrease of (19 ± 2)% in the track diameter of a 5.5 MeV alpha particle, while a dose of 60.0 ± 1.3 Gy results in a decrease of (45 ± 5)% in the track diameter. The reduced track diameters were found to be predominantly caused by a comparable reduction in the bulk etch rate of the CR-39 with x-ray dose. A residual effect depending on alpha particle energy is characterized using an empirical formula.

Diverse carrier mobility of monolayer BNC x : a combined density functional theory and Boltzmann transport theory study.

Science.gov (United States)

Wu, Tao; Deng, Kaiming; Deng, Weiqiao; Lu, Ruifeng

2017-10-19

BNC x monolayer as a kind of two-dimensional material has numerous chemical atomic ratios and arrangements with different electronic structures. Via calculations on the basis of density functional theory and Boltzmann transport theory under deformation potential approximation, the band structures and carrier mobilities of BNC x (x  =  1,2,3,4) nanosheets are systematically investigated. The calculated results show that BNC 2 -1 is a material with very small band gap (0.02 eV) among all the structures while other BNC x monolayers are semiconductors with band gap ranging from 0.51 eV to 1.32 eV. The carrier mobility of BNC x varies considerably from tens to millions of cm 2 V -1 s -1 . For BNC 2 -1, the hole mobility and electron mobility along both x and y directions can reach 10 5 orders of magnitude, which is similar to the carrier mobility of graphene. Besides, all studied BNC x monolayers obviously have anisotropic hole mobility and electron mobility. In particular, for semiconductor BNC 4 , its hole mobility along the y direction and electron mobility along the x direction unexpectedly reach 10 6 orders of magnitude, even higher than that of graphene. Our findings suggest that BNC x layered materials with the proper ratio and arrangement of carbon atoms will possess desirable charge transport properties, exhibiting potential applications in nanoelectronic devices.

V isotope composition in modern marine hydrothermal sediments

Science.gov (United States)

Wu, F.; Owens, J. D.; Nielsen, S.; German, C. R.; Rachel, M.

2017-12-01

Vanadium is multivalence transition metal with two isotopes (51V and 50V). Recent work has shown that large V isotope variations occur with oxygen variations in modern sediments (Wu et al., 2016 and 2017 Goldschmidt Abstracts), providing its potential as a promising proxy for determining low oxygen conditions. However, the development of V isotopes as a proxy to probe past redox conditions requires a comprehensive understanding of the modern oceanic isotopic mass balance. Therein, the scavenging of V from the hydrous iron oxides in hydrothermal fluid has been shown to be an important removal process from seawater (Rudnicki and Elderfield, 1993 GCA) but remains unquantified. In this study, we analyzed V isotopic compositions of metalliferous sediments around the active TAG hydrothermal mound from the mid-Atlantic Ridge (26° degrees North) and the Eastern Pacific Zonal Transect (GEOTRACES EPZT cruise GP16). The TAG sediments deposited as Fe oxyhydroxides from plume fall-out, and have δ51V values between -0.3 to 0‰. The good correlation between Fe and V for these metalliferous sediments indicate that the accumulation of V in these samples is directly related to the deposition of Fe oxyhydroxides, which also control their V isotope signature. The EPZT samples cover 8,000 km in the South Pacific Ocean with sedimentary areas that underlie the Peru upwelling region and the well-oxygenated deep South Pacific Ocean influenced by hydtorthermal plume material from southern East Pacific Rise (EPR). The sediments collected at the east of the EPR have δ51V values between -1.2 to -0.7‰, similar to previous δ51V of oxic sediments. In contrast, the sediments from the west of the EPR have δ51V values (-0.4 to 0‰) similar to hydrothermal sediments from the mid-Atlantic Ridge, indicating the long transportation (more than 4,000 km, Fitzsimmons et al., 2017 NG) of Fe and Mn from hydrothermal plume and their incorporation into sediments have a major impact on the cycle of V

NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY OF LOW-MASS X-RAY BINARIES: ACCRETION DISK CONTAMINATION AND COMPACT OBJECT MASS DETERMINATION IN V404 Cyg AND Cen X-4

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Khargharia, Juthika; Froning, Cynthia S.; Robinson, Edward L.

2010-01-01

We present near-infrared (NIR) broadband (0.80-2.42 μm) spectroscopy of two low-mass X-ray binaries: V404 Cyg and Cen X-4. One important parameter required in the determination of the mass of the compact objects in these systems is the binary inclination. We can determine the inclination by modeling the ellipsoidal modulations of the Roche-lobe filling donor star, but the contamination of the donor star light from other components of the binary, particularly the accretion disk, must be taken into account. To this end, we determined the donor star contribution to the infrared flux by comparing the spectra of V404 Cyg and Cen X-4 to those of various field K-stars of known spectral type. For V404 Cyg, we determined that the donor star has a spectral type of K3 III. We determined the fractional donor contribution to the NIR flux in the H and K bands as 0.98 ± 0.05 and 0.97 ± 0.09, respectively. We remodeled the H-band light curve from Sanwal et al. after correcting for the donor star contribution to obtain a new value for the binary inclination. From this, we determined the mass of the black hole in V404 Cyg to be M BH = 9.0 +0.2 -0.6 M sun . We performed the same spectral analysis for Cen X-4 and found the spectral type of the donor star to be in the range K5-M1 V. The donor star contribution in Cen X-4 is 0.94 ± 0.14 in the H band while in the K band, the accretion disk can contribute up to 10% of the infrared flux. We remodeled the H-band light curve from Shahbaz et al., again correcting for the fractional contribution of the donor star to obtain the inclination. From this, we determined the mass of the neutron star as M NS = 1.5 +0.1 -0.4 M sun . However, the masses obtained for both systems should be viewed with some caution since contemporaneous light curve and spectral data are required to obtain definitive masses.

Hyperfine interactions and electric dipole moments in the [16.0]1.5(v = 6), [16.0]3.5(v = 7), and X2Δ(5/2) states of iridium monosilicide, IrSi.

Science.gov (United States)

Le, Anh; Steimle, Timothy C; Morse, Michael D; Garcia, Maria A; Cheng, Lan; Stanton, John F

2013-12-19

The (6,0)[16.0]1.5-X(2)Δ(5/2) and (7,0)[16.0]3.5-X(2)Δ(5/2) bands of IrSi have been recorded using high-resolution laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy. The field-free spectra of the (191)IrSi and (193)IrSi isotopologues were modeled to generate a set of fine, magnetic hyperfine, and nuclear quadrupole hyperfine parameters for the X(2)Δ(5/2)(v = 0), [16.0]1.5(v = 6), and [16.0]3.5 (v = 7) states. The observed optical Stark shifts for the (193)IrSi and (191)IrSi isotopologues were analyzed to produce the permanent electric dipole moments, μ(el), of -0.414(6) D and 0.782(6) D for the X(2)Δ(5/2) and [16.0]1.5 (v = 6) states, respectively. Properties of the X(2)Δ(5/2) state computed using relativistic coupled-cluster methods clearly indicate that electron correlation plays an essential role. Specifically, inclusion of correlation changes the sign of the dipole moment and is essential for achieving good accuracy for the nuclear quadrupole coupling parameter eQq0.

A study of the 51Cr release assay system in micro-method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kiya, Katsuzo; Harada, Kiyoshi; Uozumi, Tohru; Toge, Tetsuya; Hattori, Takao.

1981-01-01

Conditions of 51 Cr release assay in microculture were investigated to measure the natural cytotoxic (NC) activity of mouse spleen cells. Malignant glioma (MG) cells of C57BL/6 mouse, induced by 20-methylcholanthrene, were labeled with Na 2 51 CrO 4 . Spleen cells collected from the same mouse strain were suspended in Eagle's MEM. Labeled MG cells and spleen cells were incubated for several hours in a CO 2 incubator. Then the activity of the supernatant was measured by an automatic gamma counter. The optimum conditions of 51 Cr release assay in micro-culture were, (1) number of the target cells: 5 x 10 3 / well (2) FCS concentration: 10% (3) E/T ratio: less than 100 : 1, 50 : 1 was possible (4) incubation time: 15 hours. The number of the target cells at labeling incubation was set to 2 x 10 6 /ml. Though the natural release of 51 Cr was not effected by the viability of the target cells, it was suggested that the NC activity was dependent on the viability of both cells, target and effector cells. (Tsunoda, M.)

Study of the /sup 51/Cr release assay system in micro-method

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kiya, K.; Harada, K.; Uozumi, T. (Hiroshima Univ. (Japan). School of Medicine); Toge, T.; Hattori, T.

1981-05-01

Conditions of /sup 51/Cr release assay in microculture were investigated to measure the natural cytotoxic (NC) activity of mouse spleen cells. Malignant glioma (MG) cells of C57BL/6 mouse, induced by 20-methylcholanthrene, were labeled with Na/sub 2//sup 51/CrO/sub 4/. Spleen cells collected from the same mouse strain were suspended in Eagle's MEM. Labeled MG cells and spleen cells were incubated for several hours in a CO/sub 2/ incubator. Then the activity of the supernatant was measured by an automatic gamma counter. The optimum conditions of /sup 51/Cr release assay in micro-culture were, (1) number of the target cells: 5 x 10/sup 3// well (2) FCS concentration: 10% (3) E/T ratio: less than 100 : 1, 50 : 1 was possible (4) incubation time: 15 hours. The number of the target cells at labeling incubation was set to 2 x 10/sup 6//ml. Though the natural release of /sup 51/Cr was not effected by the viability of the target cells, it was suggested that the NC activity was dependent on the viability of both cells, target and effector cells.

Alignment and orientation of the 21P state of helium by electron impact at 29.6 and 51.2 eV

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

McAdams, R.; Hollywood, M.T.; Crowe, A.; Williams, J.F.

1980-01-01

The electron-photon coincidence technique has been used to deduce the lambda and chi parameters for excitation of the 2 1 P state of helium by electron impact at 29.6 and 51.2 eV incident energies and for electron scattering angles in the range 15 to 130 0 . The lambda parameter shows a minimum at small and large scattering angles. When combined with the data of Hollywood et al (J. Phys. B.; 12:819 (1979)) at 81.2 eV, it can be seen that as the incident energy decreases, the depth of the low-angle minimum decreases and its position moves to larger scattering angles. In contrast, the depth of the second minimum increases with decreasing incident electron energy. The experimental values of lambda and chi are compared with values predicted from the first Born approximation, a distorted-wave polarised-orbital approximation, a first-order many-body theory and an R-matrix theory. None of the theoretical values is in agreement with the measured data although the R-matrix calculation gives a reasonable indication of the features of both lambda and chi at 29.6 eV. (author)

X-ray diffraction and Moessbauer studies of structural changes and L10 ordering kinetics during annealing of polycrystalline Fe51Pt49 thin films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Spada, F.E.; Parker, F.T.; Platt, C.L.; Howard, J.K.

2003-01-01

Room-temperature x-ray diffraction and Moessbauer effect techniques have been used to characterize the structural features and local atomic environments of sputtered Fe 51 Pt 49 thin films following various isothermal treatments. Both techniques show that no significant changes occur in the chemically ordered L1 0 tetragonal phase after it has formed. In contrast, changes in the disordered face-centered-cubic (fcc) phase are observed prior to the transformation into the ordered tetragonal phase. Moessbauer measurements indicate the development of increasing short-range order in the disordered fcc phase with increasing annealing temperature. Asymmetries in the fcc x-ray diffraction profiles also suggest the presence of lattice distortions caused by atomic size differences commonly found in the quenched disordered fcc phase of materials that form ordered structures. Quasi-real-time kinetic measurements of the disorder→order transformation in sputtered Fe 51 Pt 49 thin films within the temperature range 300 deg. C≤T≤400 deg. C have also been conducted using high-temperature x-ray diffraction techniques. Significant differences are observed between the kinetic parameters determined in this study and those of previous reports. It is proposed that these differences arise from the lower temperature range investigated in the present work, where the gradual changes occurring in the fcc phase can influence the rate of the ordering transformation. Furthermore, because the initial state of disorder in Fe ∼50 Pt ∼50 films can be influenced by the deposition conditions, variability in the low-temperature ordering kinetics should be expected among Fe ∼50 Pt ∼50 films prepared under different conditions

Effect of Rad 51 overexpression on chromosomal stability and radiation sensitivity in tumour cells

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jend, C.; Stuerzbecher, H.W.; Dikomey, E.; Borgmann, K.

2004-01-01

The present study was dedicated to examining the effects of Rad51 overexpression on genomic instability, expressed in terms of chromosomal aberrations in G1 and G2 phases following X-ray irradiation. For this purpose an osteosarcoma cell line (Ui-OS) which shows inducing Rad51 overexpression (UiRad5-2) after stable transfection was compared with an isogenetic line (UiLacZ) which overexpresses beta-galactosidase instead of Rad51 [de

X-ray attenuation coefficients and photoelectric cross sections of Cu, Fe and Sn for the energy range 3-29 KeV

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Dachun; Yang Hua; Luo Pingan; Ding Xunliang; Wang Xinfu; Zhou Hongyu; Shen Xinyin; Zhu Guanghua

1991-08-01

The document contains the following two papers: X-ray attenuation coefficient and photoelectric cross sections of Sn for the Energy Range 3.3 KeV to 29.1 KeV - by Wang Dachun, Yang Hua and Luo Pingan. X-ray attenuation coefficients and photoelectric cross sections of Cu and Fe for the range 3 KeV to 29 KeV - by Wang Dachun, Ding Xunliang, Wang Xinfu, Yang Hua, Zhou Hongyu, Shen Xinyin and Zhu Guanghua. A separate abstract was prepared for each of these papers. Refs, figs and tabs

pt and xF dependence of the polarization of Σ+ hyperons produced by 800 GeV/c protons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Morelos, A.; Albuquerque, I.F.; Bondar, N.F.; Carrigan, R. Jr.; Chen, D.; Cooper, P.S.; Lisheng, D.; Denisov, A.S.; Dobrovolsky, A.V.; Dubbs, T.; Endler, A.M.F.; Escobar, C.O.; Foucher, M.; Golovtsov, V.L.; Gottschalk, H.; Gouffon, P.; Grachev, V.T.; Khanzadeev, A.V.; Kubantsev, M.A.; Kuropatkin, N.P.; Lach, J.; Lang Pengfei; Lebedenko, V.N.; Li Chengze; Li Yunshan; Luksys, M.; Mahon, J.R.P.; McCliment, E.; Newsom, C.; Pommot Maia, M.C.; Samsonov, V.M.; Schegelsky, V.A.; Shi Huanzhang; Smith, V.J.; Fukun, T.; Terentyev, N.K.; Timm, S.; Tkatch, I.I.; Uvarov, L.N.; Vorobyov, A.A.; Yan Jie; Wenheng, Z.; Zheng Shuchen; Zhong Yuanyuan

1995-01-01

We utilize the angle and momentum resolution of our apparatus to study the polarization of 375 GeV/c Σ + hyperons produced by 800 GeV/c protons incident on a Cu target. By examining in detail two of our high statistics data samples, we find evidence for structure in the p t dependence of Σ + polarization and are able to extract the x F dependence of the Σ + polarization and compare it with x F behavior in the Λ 0 and Ξ - systems

Scaling of the anomalous Hall current in Fe100−x(SiO2)x films

KAUST Repository

Xu, W. J.

2011-05-20

To study the origin of the anomalous Hall effect, Fe100−x(SiO2)x granular films with a volume fraction of SiO2 (0 ⩽ x ⩽ 40.51) were fabricated using cosputtering. Hall and longitudinal resistivities were measured in the temperature range of 5–350 K with magnetic fields up to 5 T. As x increased from 0 to 40.51, the anomalous Hall resistivity and longitudinal resistivity increased by about four and three orders in magnitude, respectively. Analysis of the results revealed that the normalized anomalous Hall conductivity is a constant for all of the samples, which may suggest a scattering-independent anomalous Hall conductivity in Fe.

Secondary electron energy distributions for gold as excited by C-K/sub α/ (277 eV) and A1-K/sub α/ (1487 eV) x-rays. Final report, 15 April 1976--14 November 1976

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Henke, B.L.; Smith, J.A.

1976-01-01

The secondary electron energy distributions for a gold photocathode as excited by C-K/sub α/ (277 eV) and Al-K/sub α/ (1487 eV) x-rays were measured. The shape of the energy distributions are essentially the same for these two x-ray photon excitation energies. For thick, evaporated gold samples on glass substrates (at 150 0 C and 3 x 10 -8 torr), the secondary electron energy distributions peak at about one eV and have a FWHM of about four eV. As measured immediately after ion-cleaning, the distributions peak at about two eV and have a FWHM of about 6.6 eV. Approximately five hours after ion-cleaning, the measured distributions appear as those obtained before ion-cleaning. The work function of the evaporated gold photocathode temporarily increases by one eV upon ion-cleaning

Molybdenum x-ray absorption studies of the mutant Kp nifV of nitrogenase MO-FE protein

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Eidsness, M.K.; Smith, B.E.; Flood, A.C.; Garner, C.D.; Cramer, S.P.

1985-01-01

The nifV mutant nitrogenase enzyme of Klebsiella pheumoniae exhibits altered substrate reducing activity. This nitrogenase mutant cannot fix N 2 in vivo but can reduce C 2 H 2 to C 2 H 4 . The nifV mutant enzyme differs further from the wild-type enzyme by CO inhibition of its H 2 evolution activity, up to 80%. The NifV - phenotype (NifV - Kp1) has been shown to be associated with the iron-molybdenum cofactor (FeMoco) in the Mo Fe protein which is generally accepted as the site for substrate reduction. An X-Ray absorption study of the Mo site in this mutant may reveal a difference in its FeMoco structure. The authors report here a comparison of Mo X-Ray absorption data from the nitrogenase enzymes of the wild-type and NifV - strains in three different forms: (1) as isolated, (2) dye-oxidized, and (3) fixing enzyme systems. Mo edge structure of NifV - Kp1 and wild-type enzymes are nearly identical. Small shifts to higher energies are observed in the oxidized and fixing states. Mo EXAFS of NifV - Kp1 and wild-type in the ''as isolated'' state appear indistinguishable. Curve fitting results best describe the molybdenum in FeMoco as bound by 4-5 S atoms at 2.36 A ,3 Fe atoms at 2.69 A, and 0-2 O(N) atoms at 2.19 A. The spectral similarity of these results concerning the nifV mutant FeMoco structure is discussed

Laine Jänes asus kultuuripealinna juhti Mikko Fritzet toetama / Mari Kodres

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kodres, Mari

2010-01-01

Kultuuriminister Laine Jänes nimetas kultuuripealinna Tallinn 2011 sihtasutuse juhtide Mikko Fritze ja Jaanus Mutli ning programmiosakonna juhi Jaanus Rohumaa esinemist valitsuskabinetis usaldusväärseks ning jäi rahule programmi tutvustamisega. Väidetavalt tahetakse sihtasutuse juhti Mikko Fritzet välja vahetada

Charmonium resonances in the 3.9 GeV/c2 energy region and the X(3915)/X(3930) puzzle

Science.gov (United States)

Ortega, Pablo G.; Segovia, Jorge; Entem, David R.; Fernández, Francisco

2018-03-01

An interesting controversy has emerged challenging the widely accepted nature of the X (3915) and the X (3930) resonances, which had initially been assigned to the χc0 (2 P) and χc2 (2 P) c c bar states, respectively. To unveil their inner structure, the properties of the JPC =0++ and JPC =2++ charmonium states in the energy region of these resonances are analyzed in the framework of a constituent quark model. Together with the bare q q bar states, threshold effects due to the opening of nearby meson-meson channels are included in a coupled-channels scheme calculation. We find that the structure of both states is dominantly molecular with a probability of bare q q bar states lower than 45%. Our results favor the hypothesis that X (3915) and X (3930) resonances arise as different decay mechanisms of the same JPC =2++ state. Moreover we find an explanation for the recently discovered M = 3860MeV /c2 as a JPC =0++ 2P state and rediscover the lost Y (3940) as an additional state in the JPC =0++ family.

Search for exotic baryons in 800 GeV/c pp → pX

Science.gov (United States)

Christian, D. C.; Felix, J.; Gottschalk, E. E.; Gutierrez, G.; Hartouni, E. P.; Knapp, B. C.; Kreisler, M. N.; Moreno, G.; Reyes, M. A.; Sosa, M.; Wang, M. H. L. S.; Wehmann, A.

2006-05-01

We present preliminary results of the search for the pentaquark candidates Θ(1540) and Ξ(1862) using data from Fermilab experiment E690 in the reaction pp → pX at 800 GeV/c. We find that production of pentaquark resonances is heavily suppressed with respect to the production of normal baryon and antibaryon resonances.

Search for exotic baryons in 800 GeV/c pp {yields} pX

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Christian, D C [Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois (United States); Felix, J [University of Guanajuato, Leon, Guanajuato (Mexico); Gottschalk, E E [Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois (United States); Gutierrez, G [Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois (United States); Hartouni, E P [Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California (United States); Knapp, B C [Columbia University, Nevis Laboratory, New York (United States); Kreisler, M N [University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts (United States); Moreno, G [University of Guanajuato, Leon, Guanajuato (Mexico); Reyes, M A [University of Guanajuato, Leon, Guanajuato (Mexico); Sosa, M [University of Guanajuato, Leon, Guanajuato (Mexico); Wang, M H L S [Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois (United States); Wehmann, A [Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois (United States)

2006-05-15

We present preliminary results of the search for the pentaquark candidates {theta}(1540) and {xi}(1862) using data from Fermilab experiment E690 in the reaction pp {yields} p{sup X} at 800 GeV/c. We find that production of pentaquark resonances is heavily suppressed with respect to the production of normal baryon and antibaryon resonances.

V2X application-reliability analysis of data-rate and message-rate congestion control algorithms

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Math, C. Belagal; Li, H.; Heemstra de Groot, S.M.; Niemegeers, I.G.M.M.

2017-01-01

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) require Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication. In dense traffic, the communication channel may become congested, impairing the reliability of the ITS safety applications. Therefore, European Telecommunications Standard Institute (ETSI) demands

Measurement of the valence band-offset in a PbSe/ZnO heterojunction by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Li Lin; Qiu Jijun; Weng Binbin; Yuan Zijian; Shi Zhisheng [School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019 (United States); Li Xiaomin; Gan Xiaoyan [State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050 (China); Sellers, Ian R. [Deparment of Physics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019 (United States)

2012-12-24

A heterojunction of PbSe/ZnO has been grown by molecular beam epitaxy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to directly measure the valence-band offset (VBO) of the heterojunction. The VBO, {Delta}E{sub V}, was determined as 2.51 {+-} 0.05 eV using the Pb 4p{sup 3/2} and Zn 2p{sup 3/2} core levels as a reference. The conduction-band offset, {Delta}E{sub C}, was, therefore, determined to be 0.59 {+-} 0.05 eV based on the above {Delta}E{sub V} value. This analysis indicates that the PbSe/ZnO heterojunction forms a type I (Straddling Gap) heterostructure.

Energy spectrum measurement of high power and high energy(6 and 9 MeV) pulsed x-ray source for industrial use

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Takagi, Hiroyuki [Hitachi, Ltd. Power Systems Company, Ibaraki (Japan); Murata, Isao [Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka (Japan)

2016-06-15

Industrial X-ray CT system is normally applied to non-destructive testing (NDT) for industrial product made from metal. Furthermore there are some special CT systems, which have an ability to inspect nuclear fuel assemblies or rocket motors, using high power and high energy (more than 6 MeV) pulsed X-ray source. In these case, pulsed X-ray are produced by the electron linear accelerator, and a huge number of photons with a wide energy spectrum are produced within a very short period. Consequently, it is difficult to measure the X-ray energy spectrum for such accelerator-based X-ray sources using simple spectrometry. Due to this difficulty, unexpected images and artifacts which lead to incorrect density information and dimensions of specimens cannot be avoided in CT images. For getting highly precise CT images, it is important to know the precise energy spectrum of emitted X-rays. In order to realize it we investigated a new approach utilizing the Bayesian estimation method combined with an attenuation curve measurement using step shaped attenuation material. This method was validated by precise measurement of energy spectrum from a 1 MeV electron accelerator. In this study, to extend the applicable X-ray energy range we tried to measure energy spectra of X-ray sources from 6 and 9 MeV linear accelerators by using the recently developed method. In this study, an attenuation curves are measured by using a step-shaped attenuation materials of aluminum and steel individually, and the each X-ray spectrum is reconstructed from the measured attenuation curve by the spectrum type Bayesian estimation method. The obtained result shows good agreement with simulated spectra, and the presently developed technique is adaptable for high energy X-ray source more than 6 MeV.

Magnetic properties of fcc (Co95Fe5)1-xAlx ribbons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Makhlouf, Salah A.; Parker, F.T.; Benameur, T.

1999-01-01

Rapidly quenched (Co 95 Fe 5 ) 1-x Al x ribbons are investigated by X-ray diffraction, magnetization, and Moessbauer effect measurements. A single fcc phase is obtained for all ribbons x ≤ 10 at.%. The lattice constant increases linearly with x and is discussed in connection with magnetic moment. The influence of Al substitution on both magnetization and Fe-atom hyperfine field (H) is studied. At 296 K, the magnetization decreases linearly while H drops nonlinearly as x increases. Al substitution leads to substantial differences in iron hyperfine fields in bcc and fcc systems. Fe moment is perturbed differently by Al substitution in fcc (Co 95 Fe 5 ) 1-x Al x and bcc Fe-Al systems

Sci—Thur AM: YIS - 09: Validation of a General Empirically-Based Beam Model for kV X-ray Sources

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Poirier, Y. [CancerCare Manitoba (Canada); University of Calgary (Canada); Sommerville, M.; Johnstone, C.D. [San Diego State University (United States); Gräfe, J.; Nygren, I.; Jacso, F. [Tom Baker Cancer Centre (Canada); Khan, R.; Villareal-Barajas, J.E. [University of Calgary (Canada); Tom Baker Cancer Centre (Canada); Tambasco, M. [University of Calgary (Canada); San Diego State University (United States)

2014-08-15

Purpose: To present an empirically-based beam model for computing dose deposited by kilovoltage (kV) x-rays and validate it for radiographic, CT, CBCT, superficial, and orthovoltage kV sources. Method and Materials: We modeled a wide variety of imaging (radiographic, CT, CBCT) and therapeutic (superficial, orthovoltage) kV x-ray sources. The model characterizes spatial variations of the fluence and spectrum independently. The spectrum is derived by matching measured values of the half value layer (HVL) and nominal peak potential (kVp) to computationally-derived spectra while the fluence is derived from in-air relative dose measurements. This model relies only on empirical values and requires no knowledge of proprietary source specifications or other theoretical aspects of the kV x-ray source. To validate the model, we compared measured doses to values computed using our previously validated in-house kV dose computation software, kVDoseCalc. The dose was measured in homogeneous and anthropomorphic phantoms using ionization chambers and LiF thermoluminescent detectors (TLDs), respectively. Results: The maximum difference between measured and computed dose measurements was within 2.6%, 3.6%, 2.0%, 4.8%, and 4.0% for the modeled radiographic, CT, CBCT, superficial, and the orthovoltage sources, respectively. In the anthropomorphic phantom, the computed CBCT dose generally agreed with TLD measurements, with an average difference and standard deviation ranging from 2.4 ± 6.0% to 5.7 ± 10.3% depending on the imaging technique. Most (42/62) measured TLD doses were within 10% of computed values. Conclusions: The proposed model can be used to accurately characterize a wide variety of kV x-ray sources using only empirical values.

METODE POSPEŠEVANJA PRODAJE NOVEGA KOZMETIČNEGA IZDELKA V PODJETJU X

OpenAIRE

Krampač, Barbara

2012-01-01

Zadnja leta pospeševanje prodaje beleži precej strmo rast, katere primarna dejavnost je spodbujanje potrošnika k nakupu. Uporablja jo velika večina proizvajalcev, trgovcev na debelo in drobno ter ostale organizacije. Pravilna uporaba lahko privede do boljše prepoznavnosti posamezne blagovne znamke in zadovoljitev kupčevih potreb. V Podjetju X izvajamo različne aktivnosti, katere s pomočjo proizvajalca organiziramo izključno sami. Uporabljamo metodo znižanih cen, preizkušanj, daril, preds...

VOXES: a high precision X-ray spectrometer for diffused sources with HAPG crystals in the 2–20 keV range

Science.gov (United States)

Scordo, A.; Curceanu, C.; Miliucci, M.; Shi, H.; Sirghi, F.; Zmeskal, J.

2018-04-01

Bragg spectroscopy is one of the best established experimental methods for high energy resolution X-ray measurements and has been widely used in several fields, going from fundamental physics to quantum mechanics tests, synchrotron radiation and X-FEL applications, astronomy, medicine and industry. However, this technique is limited to the measurement of photons produced from well collimated or point-like sources and becomes quite inefficient for photons coming from extended and diffused sources like those, for example, emitted in the exotic atoms radiative transitions. The VOXES project's goal is to realise a prototype of a high resolution and high precision X-ray spectrometer, using Highly Annealed Pyrolitic Graphite (HAPG) crystals in the Von Hamos configuration, working also for extended sources. The aim is to deliver a cost effective system having an energy resolution at the level of eV for X-ray energies from about 2 keV up to tens of keV, able to perform sub-eV precision measurements with non point-like sources. In this paper, the working principle of VOXES, together with first results, are presented.

Investigation of inclusive processes π-A → π-X and πsup(-)A → Psub(backwards)X at 40 GeV/c

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Abrosimov, A.T.

1984-01-01

The study of the inclusive processe is peformed for nuclear targets: C, Al, Cu, Pb t 40 GeV/c. Inclusive spectra of negative pions are obtained in the region 0.1 - A → Psub(backward)X is studied in the 0.3-1 GeV/c region of secondary protons. Invariant cross sections of proton flying out in the back hemisphere are measured for the 120 deg - 175 deg angle interval. The A-dependece of the invariant cross section for this process is discussed

Design of control system parameters of voltage, current and timer on x-ray device mobile type IX 7-02 using personal computer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sujatno; Tatah Nurbarkah; Toto Trikasjono; Nugroho

2013-01-01

The control system has made a parameter X-ray machine mobile IX 7-02 using personal computers. The X-Ray or Roentgen apparatus is an equipment used for medical diagnosis. Before the X-Ray apparatus is operated, its parameter to be set are high voltage (kV), tube current (mA) and exposure time (s). The control system in a conventional X-Ray apparatus still use analog system. On the X-Ray manual operations resulted the value of velocity data that are less accurate, therefore it needs to be carried out a control system modifying using micro controller AT89S51 and the parameter value was setting through personal computer. In the limited voltage regulation to the movement of the stepper motor that drives the chain dimer, the result of testing obtained the value of angle stepper motors with an estimated value of voltage 50 kV, 60 kV, 70 kV, 80 kV, 90 kV and 100 kV respectively 164°, 182°, 200°, 218°, 236° and 258°. Current selection by 4 choices such as 50 mA, 60 mA, 70 mA and 80 mA can successfully activate the relay. The timing of exposure in the range of 0.01 to 1 second which is set through the microcontroller program can be realized as well. The X-ray can be operated with these results. (author)

Current V3 genotyping algorithms are inadequate for predicting X4 co-receptor usage in clinical isolates.

Science.gov (United States)

Low, Andrew J; Dong, Winnie; Chan, Dennison; Sing, Tobias; Swanstrom, Ronald; Jensen, Mark; Pillai, Satish; Good, Benjamin; Harrigan, P Richard

2007-09-12

Integrating CCR5 antagonists into clinical practice would benefit from accurate assays of co-receptor usage (CCR5 versus CXCR4) with fast turnaround and low cost. Published HIV V3-loop based predictors of co-receptor usage were compared with actual phenotypic tropism results in a large cohort of antiretroviral naive individuals to determine accuracy on clinical samples and identify areas for improvement. Aligned HIV envelope V3 loop sequences (n = 977), derived by bulk sequencing were analyzed by six methods: the 11/25 rule; a neural network (NN), two support vector machines, and two subtype-B position specific scoring matrices (PSSM). Co-receptor phenotype results (Trofile Co-receptor Phenotype Assay; Monogram Biosciences) were stratified by CXCR4 relative light unit (RLU) readout and CD4 cell count. Co-receptor phenotype was available for 920 clinical samples with V3 genotypes having fewer than seven amino acid mixtures (n = 769 R5; n = 151 X4-capable). Sensitivity and specificity for predicting X4 capacity were evaluated for the 11/25 rule (30% sensitivity/93% specificity), NN (44%/88%), PSSM(sinsi) (34%/96%), PSSM(x4r5) (24%/97%), SVMgenomiac (22%/90%) and SVMgeno2pheno (50%/89%). Quantitative increases in sensitivity could be obtained by optimizing the cut-off for methods with continuous output (PSSM methods), and/or integrating clinical data (CD4%). Sensitivity was directly proportional to strength of X4 signal in the phenotype assay (P < 0.05). Current default implementations of co-receptor prediction algorithms are inadequate for predicting HIV X4 co-receptor usage in clinical samples, particularly those X4 phenotypes with low CXCR4 RLU signals. Significant improvements can be made to genotypic predictors, including training on clinical samples, using additional data to improve predictions and optimizing cutoffs and increasing genotype sensitivity.

Impurity induced antiferromagnetic order in Haldane gap compound SrNi2-xMgxV2O8

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pahari, B.; Ghoshray, K.; Ghoshray, A.; Samanta, T.; Das, I.

2007-01-01

The effect of nonmagnetic Mg 2+ doping in SrNi 2 V 2 O 8 , a Haldane gap system with a disordered ground state, was investigated using DC magnetic susceptibility and heat capacity measurements in polycrystalline samples of SrNi 2-x Mg x V 2 O 8 with x=0.03, 0.05, 0.07, 0.1 and 0.14. The results clearly reveal that the substitution of Ni 2+ (S=1) ion by Mg 2+ (S=0) ion induces a magnetic phase transition with the ordering temperatures lying in the range 3.4-4.3K, for the samples with lowest and highest value of x. The intrachain exchange constant (J/k B ) and the Haldane gap (Δ) for all the compounds were estimated to be ∼98+/-2 and 25K, respectively, which are close to that of the undoped compound. The magnetization data further suggest that the compounds exhibit metamagnetic behavior below T N , supporting a picture of antiferromagnet with significant magnetic anisotropy and competing intrachain and interchain interactions

Determination of the Mass Absorption Coefficient in Two-Layer Ti/V and V/Ti Thin Film Systems by the X-Ray Fluorescence Method

Science.gov (United States)

Mashin, N. I.; Chernyaeva, E. A.; Tumanova, A. N.; Gafarova, L. M.

2016-03-01

A new XRF procedure for the determination of the mass absorption coefficient in thin film Ti/V and V/Ti two-layer systems has been proposed. The procedure uses easy-to-make thin-film layers of sputtered titanium and vanadium on a polymer film substrate. Correction coefficients have been calculated that take into account attenuation of primary radiation of the X-ray tube, as well as attenuation of the spectral line of the bottom layer element in the top layer.

Restoration of X-ray resistance and V(D)J recombination in mutant cells by Ku cDNA

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Smider, V.; Rathmell, W.K.; Chu, G.; Lieber, M.R.

1994-01-01

Three genetic complementation groups of rodent cells are defective for both repair of x-ray-induced double-strand breaks and V(D)J recombination. Cells from one group lack a DNA end-binding activity that is biochemically and antigenically similar to the Ku autoantigen. Transfection of complementary DNA (cDNA) that encoded the 86-kilodalton subunit of Ku rescued these mutant cells for DNA end-binding activity, x-ray resistance, and V(D)J recombination activity. These results establish a role for Ku in DNA repair and recombination. Furthermore, as a component of a DNA-dependent protein kinase, Ku may initiate a signaling pathway induced by DNA damage

Nuclear model calculations on cyclotron production of {sup 51}Cr

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kakavand, Tayeb [Imam Khomeini International Univ., Qazvin (Iran, Islamic Republic of). Dept. of Physics; Aboudzadeh, Mohammadreza [Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute/AEOI, Karaj (Iran, Islamic Republic of). Agricultural, Medical and Industrial Research School; Farahani, Zahra; Eslami, Mohammad [Zanjan Univ. (Iran, Islamic Republic of). Dept. of Physics

2015-12-15

{sup 51}Cr (T{sub 1/2} = 27.7 d), which decays via electron capture (100 %) with 320 keV gamma emission (9.8 %), is a radionuclide with still a large application in biological studies. In this work, ALICE/ASH and TALYS nuclear model codes along with some adjustments are used to calculate the excitation functions for proton, deuteron, α-particle and neutron induced on various targets leading to the production of {sup 51}Cr radioisotope. The production yields of {sup 51}Cr from various reactions are determined using the excitation function calculations and stopping power data. The results are compared with corresponding experimental data and discussed from point of view of feasibility.

Charge yield for cobalt-60 and 10-keV x-ray irradiations of MOS devices

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shaneyfelt, M.R.; Fleetwood, D.M.; Schwank, J.R.; Hughes, K.L.

1991-01-01

In this paper the radiation response of MOS devices exposed to 60 Co and low-energy (∼10 keV) x-ray irradiation is evaluated as a function of electric field during exposure. Improved charge yield estimates are obtained for 60 Co irradiations at fields below 1 MV/cm by matching voltage shifts due to oxide-trap and interface-trap charge to an E -0.55 electric field dependence. Combining these improved charge yield estimates and calculated dose enhancement factors, the relative response of x-ray to 60 Co irradiations is accurately predicted for oxide electric fields from 0.03 MV/cm to 5.0 MV/cm. The ability to predict the relative response of x-ray to 60 Co irradiations should speed acceptance of x-ray testers as a hardness assurance tool

Kα X-ray satellite spectra of Ti, V, Cr and Mn induced by photons

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

K X-ray emission spectra of Ti, V, Cr and Mn generated by photon excitation have been studied with a crystal spectrometer. The measured energy shifts of K satellite relative to the diagram line are compared with values obtained by electron excitation and with different theoretical estimates. The present experimental ...

Study of the Mesons Produced Centrally in the Reaction $pp \\rightarrow pp + X^{0}$ and $\\pi^{+}p \\rightarrow \\pi^{+}p + X^{0}$ at 85 GeV/c

CERN Multimedia

2002-01-01

The basic aim of the experiment, similar to WA76, is to undertake a detailed study of the mesonic system (X|0) produced centrally (X^F~=~0) in the exclusive reactions (@p|-/p)p~@A~(@p|-/p)~X|0p at 300 GeV/c. Many decay modes of X|0, e.g. @p|+@p|-, @p|+@p|-@p|0, 2@p|+2@p|-, 2@p|+2@p|-@p|0, @h|0@p|+@p|-, @w|0@p|+@p|-, K|+K|-, K|+K|-@p|0, K|+K^1|0@p|-~+~c.c., K|+K|-@p|+@p|-, K^1|0K^1|0, @h|0@h|0, @*p, etc. will be identified. A specific aim of the proposal is to see how the meson production observed at 85 GeV/c changes with energy and in so doing to search for evidence of mesons which are strongly coupled to glue. \\\\ \\\\ The experiment uses the OMEGA Spectrometer facility with a trigger designed to enhance the central exclusive meson production reaction over the diffractive reactions. This is done by triggering on a forward and backward fast particle in the c.m.s. with !x^F!~$>$~0.7 and vetoing accompanying forward and backward charged particles. The momentum of the fast particle with x^F~$>$~0.7 will be measured...

Deka-keV X-ray observations of solar bursts with WATCH/GRANAT: frequency distributions of burst parameters

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Crosby, N.; Vilmer, N.; Lund, Niels

1998-01-01

be observed as low as 10 keV. A statistical study is performed on the total WATCH solar database and frequency distributions are built on measured X-ray flare parameters. It is also investigated how the properties of these frequency distributions behave when subgroups of events defined by different ranges......Solar flare observations in the deka-keV range are performed by the WATCH experiment on board the GRANAT satellite. The WATCH experiment is presented, including the energy calibration as applied in the present work. The creation of the solar burst catalogue covering two years of observation...... is described and some examples of solar observations are given. The estimated energy releases in the flares presented here are found to extend below the range of hard X-ray flares which were previously studied by ISEE-3 and HXRBS/SMM detectors. The X-ray emitting component cannot be exclusively explained...

Preliminary study on the corrosion resistance, antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity of selective-laser-melted Ti6Al4V-xCu alloys.

Science.gov (United States)

Guo, Sai; Lu, Yanjin; Wu, Songquan; Liu, Lingling; He, Mengjiao; Zhao, Chaoqian; Gan, Yiliang; Lin, Junjie; Luo, Jiasi; Xu, Xiongcheng; Lin, Jinxin

2017-03-01

In this study, a series of Cu-bearing Ti6Al4V-xCu (x=0, 2, 4, 6wt%) alloys (shorten by Ti6Al4V, 2C, 4C, and 6C, respectively.) with antibacterial function were successfully fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) technology with mixed spherical powders of Cu and Ti6Al4V for the first time. In order to systematically investigate the effects of Cu content on the microstructure, phase constitution, corrosion resistance, antibacterial properties and cytotoxicity of SLMed Ti6Al4V-xCu alloys, experiments including XRD, SEM-EDS, electrochemical measurements, antibacterial tests and cytotoxicity tests were conducted with comparison to SLMed Ti6Al4V alloy (Ti6Al4V). Microstructural observations revealed that Cu had completely fused into the Ti6Al4V alloy, and presented in the form of Ti 2 Cu phase at ambient temperature. With Cu content increase, the density of the alloy gradually decreased, and micropores were obviously found in the alloy. Electrochemical measurements showed that corrosion resistance of Cu-bearing alloys were stronger than Cu-free alloy. Antibacterial tests demonstrated that 4C and 6C alloys presented strong and stable antibacterial property against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) compared to the Ti6Al4V and 2C alloy. In addition, similar to the Ti6Al4V alloy, the Cu-bearing alloys also exerted good cytocompatibility to the Bone Marrow Stromal Cells (BMSCs) from Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Based on those results, the preliminary study verified that it was feasible to fabricated antibacterial Ti6Al4V-xCu alloys direct by SLM processing mixed commercial Ti6Al4V and Cu powder. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Airy function approach and Numerov method to study the anharmonic oscillator potentials V(x = Ax2α + Bx2

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

N. Al Sdran

2016-06-01

Full Text Available The numerical solutions of the time independent Schrödinger equation of different one-dimensional potentials forms are sometime achieved by the asymptotic iteration method. Its importance appears, for example, on its efficiency to describe vibrational system in quantum mechanics. In this paper, the Airy function approach and the Numerov method have been used and presented to study the oscillator anharmonic potential V(x = Ax2α + Bx2, (A>0, B<0, with (α = 2 for quadratic, (α =3 for sextic and (α =4 for octic anharmonic oscillators. The Airy function approach is based on the replacement of the real potential V(x by a piecewise-linear potential v(x, while, the Numerov method is based on the discretization of the wave function on the x-axis. The first energies levels have been calculated and the wave functions for the sextic system have been evaluated. These specific values are unlimited by the magnitude of A, B and α. It’s found that the obtained results are in good agreement with the previous results obtained by the asymptotic iteration method for α =3.

Immune Responses and Protection against Experimental Brucella suis biovar 1 Challenge in Non-vaccinated or RB51-Vaccinated Cattle

Science.gov (United States)

Twenty Hereford heifers, approximately 9 months of age, were vaccinated with saline (control) or 2 x 10**10 CFU of Brucella abortus strain RB51 (RB51) vaccine. Immunologic responses after inoculation demonstrated significantly greater (P<0.05) antibody and proliferative responses to RB51 antigens i...

Accretion Properties of a Sample of Hard X-Ray (<60 keV) Selected Seyfert 1 Galaxies

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, J.; Mao, Y. F.; Wei, J. Y.

2009-02-01

We examine the accretion properties in a sample of 42 hard (3-60 keV) X-ray selected nearby broad-line active galactic nuclei (AGNs). The energy range in the sample is harder than that usually used in similar previous studies. These AGNs are mainly complied from the RXTE All Sky Survey, and complemented by the released INTEGRAL AGN catalog. The black hole masses, bolometric luminosities of AGN, and Eddington ratios are derived from their optical spectra in terms of the broad Hβ emission line. The tight correlation between the hard X-ray (3-20 keV) and bolometric/line luminosity is well identified in our sample. Also identified is a strong inverse Baldwin relationship of the Hβ emission line. In addition, all of these hard X-ray AGNs are biased toward luminous objects with a high Eddington ratio (mostly between 0.01 and 0.1) and a low column density (Simbol-X, and NeXT. Finally, the correlation between RFe (= optical Fe II/Hβ) and disk temperature as assessed by T vprop (L/L Edd)M -1 BH leads us to suggest that the strength of the Fe II emission is mainly determined by the shape of the ionizing spectrum.

Particle identification by means of fine sampling dE/dX measurements

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Imanishi, A; Ishii, T; Ohshima, T; Okuno, H; Shiino, K [Tokyo Univ., Tanashi (Japan). Inst. for Nuclear Study; Naito, F [Tokyo Univ. of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei (Japan). Faculty of Technology; Matsuda, T [Osaka Univ., Toyonaka (Japan). Faculty of Engineering Science

1983-04-01

Identification of relativistic charged particles by means of fine sampling d E/d X measurements with a longitudinal drift chamber has been studied. Using a fast-sampling ADC (25 MHz), dE/dX was measured in a 1.4 mm gas thickness over an electron drift space of 51 mm. For the simulated 1 m long tracks of pions and electrons of 500 MeV/c, a particle separation of 10sigma - 12sigma has been obtained, where sigma is the r.m.s. resolution of the dE/dX measurement. This result with fine sampling is better by a factor of 1.7 compared to the dE/dX measurement, with 21 mm sampling thickness. Further improvement achievable by reducing the correlation between neighbouring samples and simplification of electronics by use of the delta-ray clipping method are also discussed.

Large-xF spin asymmetry in π0 production by 200-GeV polarized protons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Adams, D.L.; Corcoran, M.D.; Cranshaw, J.; Nessi-Tedaldi, F.; Nessi, M.; Nguyen, C.; Roberts, J.B.; Skeens, J.; White, J.L.; Bystricky, J.; Lehar, F.; Lesquen, A. de; Cossairt, J.D.; Read, A.L.; En'yo, H.; Funahashi, H.; Goto, Y.; Imai, K.; Itow, Y.; Makino, S.; Masaike, A.; Miyake, K.; Nagamine, T.; Saito, N.; Yamashita, S.; Iwatani, K.; Krueger, K.W.; Kuroda, K.; Michalowicz, A.; Luehring, F.C.; Miller, D.H.; Pauletta, G.; Penzo, A.; Schiavon, P.; Zanetti, A.; Salvato, G.; Villari, A.; Takeutchi, F.; Tamura, N.; Tanaka, N.; Yoshida, T.

1992-01-01

The spin asymmetry A N for inclusive π 0 production by 200-GeV transversely-polarized protons on a liquid hydrogen target has been measured at Fermilab over a wide range of x F , with 0.5 T F >0.3, the asymmetry rises with increasing x F and reaches a value of A N =0.15±0.03 in the region 0.6 F <0.8. This result provides new input regarding the question of the internal spin structure of transversely-polarized protons. (orig.)

Rib necrosis after postoperative irradiation with 6MeV x-ray to breast cancer

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Asakawa, H; Watarai, J; Otawa, H [Miyagi Prefectural Adult Disease Center, Natori (Japan)

1975-04-01

In order to examine quality of rays in radiation injury in the rib by high energy x-ray, radiation injury in the rib was roentgenologically followed up in the subjects that received postoperative irradiation only with 6 MeV x-ray to breast cancer. The subjects consisted of 79 patients with the age of 30 to 78 and were irradiated with 200 rads of 6 MeV x-ray 5 times a week delivered in 5 to 6 weeks postoperatively. Two fields were irradiated in a day and the total dose reached more than 5,000 rads. Roentgenologic follow up for more than 12 months revealed that rib necrosis occurred in 9 (11%) of 79 patients and that there was no relation to the age of patient. The necrosis was most likely to develop in the right second rib 10 to 23 months after the irradiation and the mean was 16 months. To the rib region where necrosis occurred, 1,880 to 2,230 ret were irradiated and the mean was 2,014 ret. There found no relation between the irradiation dose and occurrence of rib necrosis in the extent of 4,000 to 6,000 rads for tumor doses. Radiation injury in the lung was complicated in 8 (89%) of 9 patients with rib necrosis, indicating high incidence.

X-ray optics for 50-100 keV undulator radiation using crystals and refractive lenses

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shastri, S. D.; Mashayekhi, A.; Cremer, J. T.; Piestrup, M. A.

2003-01-01

Compound refractive lenses (CRLs) are effective for collimating or focusing high-energy x-ray beams (50 - 100 keV) and can be used in conjunction with crystal optics in a variety of configurations, as demonstrated at the 1-ID undulator beamline of the Advanced Photon Source. As a primary example, this article describes the quadrupling of the output flux when a collimating CRL, composed of cylindrical holes in aluminum, is inserted in between two successive monochromators -- a modest energy resolution premonochromator followed by a high-resolution monochromator. The premonochromator is a cryogenically cooled, divergence-preserving, bent double-Laue Si(111) crystal device delivering an energy width ΔE/E ∼ 10 -3 , sufficient for most experiments. The high-resolution monochromator is a four-reflection, flat Si(111) crystal system resembling two channel-cuts in a dispersive arrangement, reducing the bandwidth to ΔE/E -4 , as required for some applications. Tests with 67 keV and 81 keV photon energies show that the high-resolution monochromator, having a narrow angular acceptance of a few erad, exhibits, a four-fold throughput enhancement due to the insertion of a CRL which reduces the premonochromatized beam's vertical divergence from 29 erad to a few erad. The ability to focus high-energy x-rays with CRLs having long focal lengths (tens of meters) is also shown by creating a line focus of 70 - 90 μ m beam height in the beamline end-station with both the modest-energy-resolution and high-energy- resolution monochromatic x-rays

X-ray radiography of Ti6Al4V welded by plasma tungsten arc (PTA) welding

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dikbas, Halil; Caligulu, Ugur; Taskin, Mustafa; Turkmen, Mustafa [Firat Univ., Elazig (Turkey). Metallurgy Dept.

2013-03-01

In this study, X-ray radiographic tests of Ti6Al4V alloys welded by plasma tungsten arc welding (PTA) were investigated. PTA welding experiments were carried out under argon shielding gas atmosphere, at 1400-1600 W and 1800 W welding powers as well as 1 m/min, 0.75 m/min, and 0.50 m/min welding speeds. After this process, radiography of the welded joints was performed by X-ray diffraction. The result of the radiographic tests indicated that by increasing welding power the widths of deep penetration increased in all specimens. On the contrary, increasing welding speeds decreases the widths deep penetration. The best properties of Ti6Al4V joints were observed for specimens welded at 1800 W welding power and at 0.50 m/min welding speed. (orig.)

Investigation of microstructure and V-defect formation inInxGa1-xN/GaN MQW grown using temperature-gradient MOCVD

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Johnson, M.C.; Liliental-Weber, Z.; Zakharov, D.N.; McCready,D.E.; Jorgenson, R.J.; Wu, J.; Shan, W.; Bourret-Courchesne, E.D.

2004-11-19

Temperature-gradient Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition was used to deposit In{sub x}Ga{sub 1-x}N/GaN multiple quantum well structures with a concentration gradient of indium across the wafer. These multiple quantum well structures were deposited on low defect density (2 x 10{sup 8} cm{sup -2}) GaN template layers for investigation of microstructural properties and V-defect (pinhole) formation. Room temperature photoluminescence and photomodulated transmission were used for optical characterization which show a systematic decrease in emission energy for a decrease in growth temperature. Triple-axis X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and cross-section transmission electron microscopy were used to obtain microstructural properties of different regions across the wafer. Results show that there is a decrease in crystal quality and an increase in V-defect formation with increasing indium concentration. A direct correlation was found between V-defect density and growth temperature due to increased strain and indium segregation for increasing indium concentration.

Direct Synthesis of Carbon Nanotube Field Emitters on Metal Substrate for Open-Type X-ray Source in Medical Imaging

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Amar Prasad Gupta

2017-07-01

Full Text Available We report the design, fabrication and characterization of a carbon nanotube enabled open-type X-ray system for medical imaging. We directly grew the carbon nanotubes used as electron emitter for electron gun on a non-polished raw metallic rectangular-rounded substrate with an area of 0.1377 cm2 through a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition system. The stable field emission properties with triode electrodes after electrical aging treatment showed an anode emission current of 0.63 mA at a gate field of 7.51 V/μm. The 4.5-inch cubic shape open type X-ray system was developed consisting of an X-ray aperture, a vacuum part, an anode high voltage part, and a field emission electron gun including three electrodes with focusing, gate and cathode electrodes. Using this system, we obtained high-resolution X-ray images accelerated at 42–70 kV voltage by digital switching control between emitter and ground electrode.

Direct Synthesis of Carbon Nanotube Field Emitters on Metal Substrate for Open-Type X-ray Source in Medical Imaging.

Science.gov (United States)

Gupta, Amar Prasad; Park, Sangjun; Yeo, Seung Jun; Jung, Jaeik; Cho, Chonggil; Paik, Sang Hyun; Park, Hunkuk; Cho, Young Chul; Kim, Seung Hoon; Shin, Ji Hoon; Ahn, Jeung Sun; Ryu, Jehwang

2017-07-29

We report the design, fabrication and characterization of a carbon nanotube enabled open-type X-ray system for medical imaging. We directly grew the carbon nanotubes used as electron emitter for electron gun on a non-polished raw metallic rectangular-rounded substrate with an area of 0.1377 cm² through a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition system. The stable field emission properties with triode electrodes after electrical aging treatment showed an anode emission current of 0.63 mA at a gate field of 7.51 V/μm. The 4.5-inch cubic shape open type X-ray system was developed consisting of an X-ray aperture, a vacuum part, an anode high voltage part, and a field emission electron gun including three electrodes with focusing, gate and cathode electrodes. Using this system, we obtained high-resolution X-ray images accelerated at 42-70 kV voltage by digital switching control between emitter and ground electrode.

Half-metallic and insulating natures in Ru-based ordered double perovskite oxides Ba_2X"I"I"IRu"VO_6 (X = V, Cr) induced by 3d-t_2_g"n orbital filling

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Saad, H.-E.M. Musa; Althoyaib, S.S.

2017-01-01

In this paper, we present results of a comprehensive systemic study of the crystal, electronic and magnetic structures on two members of Ru-based ordered double perovskite oxides Ba_2XRuO_6 (X = V, Cr). For the corporate compound, the analysis of density of states (DOS) results suggests that the 3d-t_2_g orbital filling plays a major role in governing the conduction mechanism in these systems. The DOS and magnetic results show that Ba_2XRuO_6 exhibits half-metallic (HM) nature as X = V, where the electronic structure of Ba_2V"I"I"IRu"VO_6 with 3d-t_2_g"2 behaves like that of HM ferrimagnetic (FI), switches to compensate FI insulating behavior as X = Cr, with an extra electron filled 3d-t_2_g"3 in Ba_2Cr"I"I"IRu"VO_6. We find, on consideration of electron correlation (LSDA+U) and spin-orbital coupling (SOC) effects that the electronic structure of Ba_2XRuO_6 takes a HM nature, whereas it is completely transformed to insulating nature once an extra electron filled the 3d-t_2_g orbitals in X = Cr case. Such tuning is accompanied by spin-state hopping of one electron from half-filled spin-state in Ru"V (t_2_g"3 e_g"0) to two and three occupied spin-state in V"I"I"I (t_2_g"2 e_g"0) and Cr"I"I"I (t_2_g"3 e_g"0), respectively. The charge distribution results show that this extra electron occupies chiefly the spin-down of conduction orbitals and plays a major role in determining the electronic and magnetic structures of Ba_2XRuO_6 system. - Highlights: • Half-metallic and insulating natures are observed in Ba_2XRuO_6 (X = V, Cr). • 3d-t_2_g"n orbitals filling plays a major role in governing the conduction mechanism. • LSDA+U method under density functional theory (DFT) is considered. • HM ferrimagnetic (FI) (X = V) switch to compensate FI insulating (X = Cr).

Polymer-bound oxidovanadium(IV) and dioxidovanadium(V) complexes as catalysts for the oxidative desulfurization of model fuel diesel.

Science.gov (United States)

Maurya, Mannar R; Arya, Aarti; Kumar, Amit; Kuznetsov, Maxim L; Avecilla, Fernando; Costa Pessoa, João

2010-07-19

The Schiff base (Hfsal-dmen) derived from 3-formylsalicylic acid and N,N-dimethyl ethylenediamine has been covalently bonded to chloromethylated polystyrene to give the polymer-bound ligand, PS-Hfsal-dmen (I). Treatment of PS-Hfsal-dmen with [V(IV)O(acac)(2)] in the presence of MeOH gave the oxidovanadium(IV) complex PS-[V(IV)O(fsal-dmen)(MeO)] (1). On aerial oxidation in methanol, complex 1 was oxidized to PS-[V(V)O(2)(fsal-dmen)] (2). The corresponding neat complexes, [V(IV)O(sal-dmen)(acac)] (3) and [V(V)O(2)(sal-dmen)] (4) were similarly prepared. All these complexes are characterized by various spectroscopic techniques (IR, electronic, NMR, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)) and thermal as well as field-emission scanning electron micrographs (FE-SEM) studies, and the molecular structures of 3 and 4 were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The EPR spectrum of the polymer supported V(IV)O-complex 1 is characteristic of magnetically diluted V(IV)O-complexes, the resolved EPR pattern indicating that the V(IV)O-centers are well dispersed in the polymer matrix. A good (51)V NMR spectrum could also be measured with 4 suspended in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), the chemical shift (-503 ppm) being compatible with a VO(2)(+)-center and a N,O binding set. The catalytic oxidative desulfurization of organosulfur compounds thiophene, dibenzothiophene, benzothiophene, and 2-methyl thiophene (model of fuel diesel) was carried out using complexes 1 and 2. The sulfur in model organosulfur compounds oxidizes to the corresponding sulfone in the presence of H(2)O(2). The systems 1 and 2 do not loose efficiency for sulfoxidation at least up to the third cycle of reaction, this indicating that they preserve their integrity under the conditions used. Plausible intermediates involved in these catalytic processes are established by UV-vis, EPR, (51)V NMR, and density functional theory (DFT) studies, and an outline of the mechanism is proposed. The (51)V NMR spectra

A monte carlo program for X-rays detection up to 1.4 MeV

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Manfredotti, C.; Nastasi, U.

1983-01-01

A monte carlo program has been developed to simulate X-ray spectral response in semiconductor detectors. Photons in the range from 5 KeV to 1.4 MeV are considered as emitted from a source of zero thickness aligned to the crystal axis and followed untill their complete energy loss or their escape from the crystal. The program allows the optimization of important parameters in a semiconductor detector, the study of influence on the spectra obtained and the determination of the energy behavior of efficiency and energy resolution. Some obtained results have been compared with experimental data

Cellular-V2X Communications for Platooning: Design and Evaluation.

Science.gov (United States)

Nardini, Giovanni; Virdis, Antonio; Campolo, Claudia; Molinaro, Antonella; Stea, Giovanni

2018-05-11

Platooning is a cooperative driving application where autonomous/semi-autonomous vehicles move on the same lane in a train-like manner, keeping a small constant inter-vehicle distance, in order to reduce fuel consumption and gas emissions and to achieve safe and efficient transport. To this aim, they may exploit multiple on-board sensors (e.g., radars, LiDARs, positioning systems) and direct vehicle-to-vehicle communications to synchronize their manoeuvres. The main objective of this paper is to discuss the design choices and factors that determine the performance of a platooning application, when exploiting the emerging cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) communication technology and considering the scheduled mode, specified by 3GPP for communications over the sidelink assisted by the eNodeB. Since no resource management algorithm is currently mandated by 3GPP for this new challenging context, we focus on analyzing the feasibility and performance of the dynamic scheduling approach, with platoon members asking for radio resources on a per-packet basis. We consider two ways of implementing dynamic scheduling, currently unspecified by 3GPP: the sequential mode, that is somehow reminiscent of time division multiple access solutions based on IEEE 802.11p-till now the only investigated access technology for platooning-and the simultaneous mode with spatial frequency reuse enabled by the eNodeB. The evaluation conducted through system-level simulations provides helpful insights about the proposed configurations and C-V2X parameter settings that mainly affect the reliability and latency performance of data exchange in platoons, under different load settings. Achieved results show that the proposed simultaneous mode succeeds in reducing the latency in the update cycle in each vehicle's controller, thus enabling future high-density platooning scenarios.

An Einstein survey of the 1 keV soft X-ray background in the Galactic plane

Science.gov (United States)

Stanford, John M.; Caillault, Jean-Pierre

1994-01-01

We have analyzed 56 Einstein Observatory Imaging Proportional Counter (IPC) observations within +/- 3 deg of the Galactic plane in order to determine the low-latitude soft X-ray background flux in the 0.56-1.73 keV band. Any detected X-ray point source which fell within our regions of study was removed from the image, enabling us to present maps of the background flux as a function of Galactic latitude along 18 meridians. These maps reveal considerable structure to the background in the Galactic plane on an angular scale of approximately 1 deg. Our results are compared with those of an earlier study of the 1 keV X-ray background along l = 25 deg by Kahn & Caillault. The double-peaked structure they found is not discernible in our results, possibly because of the presence of solar backscattered flux in their data. A model which takes into account contributions to the background by extragalactic and stellar sources, the distribution of both atomic and molecular absorbing material with the Galaxy, the energy dependence of the cross section for absorption of X-rays, and the energy dependence of the detector has been constructed and fitted to these new data to derive constraints on the scale height, temperature, and volume emissivity of the unaccounted-for X-ray-emitting material. The results of this model along l = 25 deg are roughly similar to those of the model of Kahn & Caillault along the same meridian.

Hyperfine fields at 89Y nuclei in Y(Fesub(1-x)Tsub(x))2 (T=V, Mn, Co, Ni, Al) with low concentrations x

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ichinose, Kazuyoshi; Yoshie, Hiroshi; Nagai, Hiroyuki; Tsujimura, Akira; Fujiwara, Katsuyuki.

1983-01-01

NMR of 89 Y nuclei in Y(Fesub(1-x)Tsub(x)) 2 (T=V, Mn, Co, Ni, Al) has been observed at 4.2K. Well-resolved satellite structures of Y resonance appear in these compounds. This shows that the Y hyperfine field is mainly due to the magnetic nearest neighbor atoms. The magnetic moment of T atoms is estimated by two methods: (i) the contribution of T atoms to the hyperfine field is proportional to the magnetic moments of Fe and T atoms and (ii) the well known empirical relation between the hyperfine field and the mean magnetic moment of alloys is used. These results are in good agreement with those in dilute T-Fe alloys except for T=Mn. The intensity ratio of satellite peaks is discussed based upon a statistical distribution of Fe and T atoms. (author)

An operational 150 kV microfocus rod anode X-ray system for nondestructive testing

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fontijn, E.A.

1978-01-01

This paper describes an operational state of the art 150 kV microfocus rod anode X-ray system having ultra-high radiographic resolution capabilities. A cocal spot size of 0.050 mm is provided. Heretofore unattainable long rod anode lengths coupled with very small diameters are now possible using mini-magnetic lens technology. Over-all rod anode diameters as small as 9 mm with useful lengths of 1 m or more are possible, permitting panoramic inspections where previously only lower resolution radioisotope radiographic techniques were possible. Radiographic sensitivity of better than 1% has been reported with film-focal-distances on the order of 8 mm through 3 mm of steel. The system has been successfully applied to steam generator and heat exchanger tube-to-tubesheet weldments in both Europe and the USA. Other application areas include marine and aircraft jet engine inspection and numerous other applications where high reliability requirements indicate the use of a ultra-sensitive radiographic technique as is routinely demonstrated with the 150 kV Microfocus Rod Anode X-ray System. (orig.) [de

Sensing Traffic Density Combining V2V and V2I Wireless Communications

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Julio A. Sanguesa

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Wireless technologies are making the development of new applications and services in vehicular environments possible since they enable mobile communication between vehicles (V2V, as well as communication between vehicles and infrastructure nodes (V2I. Usually, V2V communications are dedicated to the transmission of small messages mainly focused on improving traffic safety. Instead, V2I communications allow users to access the Internet and benefit from higher level applications. The combination of both V2V and V2I, known as V2X communications, can increase the benefits even further, thereby making intelligent transportation systems (ITS a reality. In this paper, we introduce V2X-d, a novel architecture specially designed to estimate traffic density on the road. In particular, V2X-d exploits the combination of V2V and V2I communications. Our approach is based on the information gathered by sensors (i.e., vehicles and road side units (RSUs and the characteristics of the roadmap topology to accurately make an estimation of the instant vehicle density. The combination of both mechanisms improves the accuracy and coverage area of the data gathered, while increasing the robustness and fault tolerance of the overall approach, e.g., using the information offered by V2V communications to provide additional density information in areas where RSUs are scarce or malfunctioning. By using our collaborative sensing scheme, future ITS solutions will be able to establish adequate dissemination protocols or to apply more efficient traffic congestion reduction policies, since they will be aware of the instantaneous density of vehicles.

Sensing Traffic Density Combining V2V and V2I Wireless Communications.

Science.gov (United States)

Sanguesa, Julio A; Barrachina, Javier; Fogue, Manuel; Garrido, Piedad; Martinez, Francisco J; Cano, Juan-Carlos; Calafate, Carlos T; Manzoni, Pietro

2015-12-16

Wireless technologies are making the development of new applications and services in vehicular environments possible since they enable mobile communication between vehicles (V2V), as well as communication between vehicles and infrastructure nodes (V2I). Usually, V2V communications are dedicated to the transmission of small messages mainly focused on improving traffic safety. Instead, V2I communications allow users to access the Internet and benefit from higher level applications. The combination of both V2V and V2I, known as V2X communications, can increase the benefits even further, thereby making intelligent transportation systems (ITS) a reality. In this paper, we introduce V2X-d, a novel architecture specially designed to estimate traffic density on the road. In particular, V2X-d exploits the combination of V2V and V2I communications. Our approach is based on the information gathered by sensors (i.e., vehicles and road side units (RSUs)) and the characteristics of the roadmap topology to accurately make an estimation of the instant vehicle density. The combination of both mechanisms improves the accuracy and coverage area of the data gathered, while increasing the robustness and fault tolerance of the overall approach, e.g., using the information offered by V2V communications to provide additional density information in areas where RSUs are scarce or malfunctioning. By using our collaborative sensing scheme, future ITS solutions will be able to establish adequate dissemination protocols or to apply more efficient traffic congestion reduction policies, since they will be aware of the instantaneous density of vehicles.

Synthesis and characterization of sodium vanadium oxide gels: the effects of water (n) and sodium (x) content on the electrochemistry of Na(x)V2O5·nH2O.

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Chia-Ying; Marschilok, Amy C; Subramanian, Aditya; Takeuchi, Kenneth J; Takeuchi, Esther S

2011-10-28

Sodium vanadium oxide gels, Na(x)V(2)O(5)·nH(2)O, of varying sodium content (0.12 n > 0.01) and interlayer spacing were found to be inversely proportional to the sodium level (x), thus control of sodium (x) content provided a direct, chimie douce approach for control of hydration level (n) and interlayer spacing, without the need for high temperature treatment to affect dehydration. Notably, the use of high temperatures to modify hydration levels can result in crystallization and collapse of the interlayer structure, highlighting the distinct advantage of our novel chimie douce synthesis strategy. Subsequent to synthesis and characterization, results from an electrochemical study of a series of Na(x)V(2)O(5)·nH(2)O samples highlight the significant impact of interlayer water on delivered capacity of the layered materials. Specifically, the sodium vanadium oxide gels with higher sodium content and lower water content provided higher capacities in lithium based cells, where capacity delivered to 2.0 V under C/20 discharge ranged from 170 mAh/g for Na(0.12)V(2)O(5)·0.23H(2)O to 300 mAh/g for Na(0.32)V(2)O(5)·0.01H(2)O. The capacity differences were maintained as the cells were cycled. This journal is © the Owner Societies 2011

X-ray grating spectrometer for opacity measurements in the 50 eV to 250 eV spectral range at the LULI 2000 laser facility.

Science.gov (United States)

Reverdin, Charles; Thais, Frédéric; Loisel, Guillaume; Busquet, M; Bastiani-Ceccotti, S; Blenski, T; Caillaud, T; Ducret, J E; Foelsner, W; Gilles, D; Gilleron, F; Pain, J C; Poirier, M; Serres, F; Silvert, V; Soullie, G; Turck-Chieze, S; Villette, B

2012-10-01

An x-ray grating spectrometer was built in order to measure opacities in the 50 eV to 250 eV spectral range with an average spectral resolution ∼ 50. It has been used at the LULI-2000 laser facility at École Polytechnique (France) to measure the Δn = 0, n = 3 transitions of several elements with neighboring atomic number: Cr, Fe, Ni, and Cu in the same experimental conditions. Hence a spectrometer with a wide spectral range is required. This spectrometer features one line of sight looking through a heated sample at backlighter emission. It is outfitted with one toroidal condensing mirror and several flat mirrors cutting off higher energy photons. The spectral dispersion is obtained with a flatfield grating. Detection consists of a streak camera sensitive to soft x-ray radiation. Some experimental results showing the performance of this spectrometer are presented.

X-ray grating spectrometer for opacity measurements in the 50 eV to 250 eV spectral range at the LULI 2000 laser facility

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Reverdin, Charles; Caillaud, T.; Gilleron, F.; Pain, J. C.; Silvert, V.; Soullie, G.; Villette, B.; Thais, Frédéric; Loisel, Guillaume; Blenski, T.; Poirier, M.; Busquet, M.; Bastiani-Ceccotti, S.; Serres, F.; Ducret, J. E.; Foelsner, W.; Gilles, D.; Turck-Chieze, S.

2012-01-01

An x-ray grating spectrometer was built in order to measure opacities in the 50 eV to 250 eV spectral range with an average spectral resolution ∼ 50. It has been used at the LULI-2000 laser facility at École Polytechnique (France) to measure the Δn = 0, n = 3 transitions of several elements with neighboring atomic number: Cr, Fe, Ni, and Cu in the same experimental conditions. Hence a spectrometer with a wide spectral range is required. This spectrometer features one line of sight looking through a heated sample at backlighter emission. It is outfitted with one toroidal condensing mirror and several flat mirrors cutting off higher energy photons. The spectral dispersion is obtained with a flatfield grating. Detection consists of a streak camera sensitive to soft x-ray radiation. Some experimental results showing the performance of this spectrometer are presented.

X-ray grating spectrometer for opacity measurements in the 50 eV to 250 eV spectral range at the LULI 2000 laser facility

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Reverdin, Charles; Caillaud, T.; Gilleron, F.; Pain, J. C.; Silvert, V.; Soullie, G.; Villette, B. [CEA, DAM, DIF, 91297 Arpajon (France); Thais, Frederic; Loisel, Guillaume; Blenski, T.; Poirier, M. [CEA, DSM, IRAMIS, Service Photons, Atomes et Molecules, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette (France); Busquet, M. [ARTEP Inc, Ellicott City, Maryland 21042 (United States); Bastiani-Ceccotti, S.; Serres, F. [LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA, UPMC, route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau (France); Ducret, J. E. [CELIA, UMR5107, CEA, CNRS, Universite de Bordeaux, 33400 Talence (France); Foelsner, W. [Max Planck Instituet fuer Quantum Optik, 85748 Garching (Germany); Gilles, D.; Turck-Chieze, S. [CEA, DSM, IRFU, Service d' astrophysique, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette (France)

2012-10-15

An x-ray grating spectrometer was built in order to measure opacities in the 50 eV to 250 eV spectral range with an average spectral resolution {approx} 50. It has been used at the LULI-2000 laser facility at Ecole Polytechnique (France) to measure the {Delta}n = 0, n = 3 transitions of several elements with neighboring atomic number: Cr, Fe, Ni, and Cu in the same experimental conditions. Hence a spectrometer with a wide spectral range is required. This spectrometer features one line of sight looking through a heated sample at backlighter emission. It is outfitted with one toroidal condensing mirror and several flat mirrors cutting off higher energy photons. The spectral dispersion is obtained with a flatfield grating. Detection consists of a streak camera sensitive to soft x-ray radiation. Some experimental results showing the performance of this spectrometer are presented.

LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS COMPELLINGLY SUPPORT A CHARGE-EXCHANGE MECHANISM FOR THE “DARK MATTER” ∼3.5 keV X-Ray LINE

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shah, Chintan; Dobrodey, Stepan; Bernitt, Sven; Steinbrügge, René; López-Urrutia, José R. Crespo [Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, D-69117 Heidelberg (Germany); Gu, Liyi; Kaastra, Jelle [SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Sorbonnelaan 2, 3584 CA, Utrecht (Netherlands)

2016-12-10

The reported observations of an unidentified X-ray line feature at ∼3.5 keV have driven a lively discussion about its possible dark matter origin. Motivated by this, we have measured the K-shell X-ray spectra of highly ionized bare sulfur ions following charge exchange with gaseous molecules in an electron beam ion trap, as a source of or a contributor to this X-ray line. We produced S{sup 16+} and S{sup 15+} ions and let them capture electrons in collision with those molecules with the electron beam turned off while recording X-ray spectra. We observed a charge-exchange-induced X-ray feature at the Lyman series limit (3.47 ± 0.06 keV). The inferred X-ray energy is in full agreement with the reported astrophysical observations and supports the novel scenario proposed by Gu et al.

Heavy concerns about the light axino explanation of the 3.5 keV X-ray line

CERN Document Server

Colucci, Stefano; Staub, Florian; Ubaldi, Lorenzo

2015-09-05

An unidentified 3.5 keV line from X-ray observations of galaxy clusters has been reported recently. Although still under scrutiny, decaying dark matter could be responsible for this signal. We investigate whether an axino with a mass of 7 keV could explain the line, keeping the discussion as model independent as possible. We point out several obstacles, which were overlooked in the literature, and which make the axino an unlikely candidate.

Experimental cross-sections of deuteron-induced reaction on Y-89 up to 20 MeV; comparison of Ti-nat(d,x)V-48 and Al-27(d,x)Na-24 monitor reactions

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Lebeda, Ondřej; Štursa, Jan; Ráliš, Jan

2015-01-01

Roč. 360, OCT (2015), s. 118-128 ISSN 0168-583X R&D Projects: GA MŠk LM2011019 Institutional support: RVO:61389005 Keywords : deuteron-induced nuclear reactions * excitation functions * Na, Mg, Sc, V, Sr, Y and Zr radioisotopes * deuteron beam monitors * U-120M cyclotron Subject RIV: BG - Nuclear , Atomic and Molecular Physics, Colliders Impact factor: 1.389, year: 2015

Measurements of L shell X-ray yields of thick Ag target by 6–29 keV electron impact

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhao, J.L.; Tian, L.X.; Li, X.L.; An, Z.; Zhu, J.J.; Liu, M.T.

2015-01-01

In this paper, the L shell X-ray yields for a thick Ag target have been measured at incident electron energies of 6–29 keV. The experimental values are compared with the Monte Carlo simulation results that are obtained by using the PENELOPE code, in which the inner-shell ionization cross sections by electron impact calculated in the theoretical frame of distorted wave Born approximation are used. The experimental and simulation values are in agreement with ∼10% difference. Meanwhile, the L shell X-ray production cross sections are also obtained based on the measured L shell X-ray yields for a thick Ag target in this paper, and are compared with other experimental Ag L shell X-ray production cross section data by electron and positron impact measured previously and some theoretical models. Some factors that could affect these comparisons are also discussed in this paper. - Highlights: • We measured L shell X-ray yields of thick Ag target by 6–29 keV electrons. • Our measured X-ray yields are in good agreement with the MC results with ∼10%. • L shell production cross sections are obtained based on the measured X-ray yields. • L shell production cross sections obtained are in good agreement with theories

The X-Ray Evolution of the Symbiotic Star V407 Cygni During Its 2010 Outburst

Science.gov (United States)

Mukai, K.; Nelson, T.; Chomiuk, L.; Donato, D.; Sokoloski, J.

2011-01-01

We present a summary of Swift and Suzaku X-ray observations of the 2010 nova outburst of the symbiotic star, V407 Cyg. The Suzaku spectrum obtained on day 30 indicates the presence of the supersoft component from the white dwarf surface, as well as optically thin component from the shock between the nova ejecta and the Mira wind. The Swift observations then allow us to track the evolution of both components from day 4 to day 150. Most notable is the sudden brightening of the optically think component around day 20. We identify this as the time when the blast wave reached the immediate vicinity of the photosphere of the Mira. We have developed a simplified model of the blast wave-wind interaction that can reproduce the gross features of the X-ray evolution of V407 Cyg. If the model is correct, the binary separation is likely to be large and the mass loss rate of the Mira is likely to be relatively low.

Validation of 3D-CMCC Forest Ecosystem Model (v.5.1) against eddy covariance data for 10 European forest sites

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Collalti, A.; Marconi, S.; Ibrom, Andreas

2016-01-01

This study evaluates the performances of the new version (v.5.1) of 3D-CMCC Forest Ecosystem Model (FEM) in simulating gross primary productivity (GPP), against eddy covariance GPP data for 10 FLUXNET forest sites across Europe. A new carbon allocation module, coupled with new both phenological...... over Europe without a site-related calibration, the model has been deliberately parametrized with a single set of species-specific parametrizations for each forest ecosystem. The model consistently reproduces both in timing and in magnitude daily and monthly GPP variability across all sites...... sites we evaluate whether a more accurate representation of forest structural characteristics (i.e. cohorts, forest layers) and species composition can improve model results. In two of the three sites results reveal that model slightly increases its performances although, statistically speaking...

Characterizations of MCP performance in the hard x-ray range (6–25 keV)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wu, Ming, E-mail: minwu@sandia.gov; Rochau, Greg [Sandia National Laboratory, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185 (United States); Moy, Ken [Special Technology Laboratories, NSTec, Santa Barbara, California 93111-2335 (United States); Kruschwitz, Craig [National Security Technologies, LLC, Los Alamos Operations, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544 (United States)

2014-11-15

MCP detector performance at hard x-ray energies from 6 to 25 keV was recently investigated using NSLS beamline X15A at BNL. Measurements were made with an NSTec Gen-II (H-CA-65) framing camera, based on a Photonis MCP with ∼10 μm in diameter pores, ∼12 μm center-center spacing, an L/D ratio of 46, and a bias angle of 8°. The MCP characterizations were focused on (1) energy and angle dependent sensitivity, (2) energy and angle dependent spatial resolution, (3) energy dependent gain performance, and (4) energy dependent dynamic range. These measurement corroborated simulation results using a Monte Carlo model that included hard x-ray interactions and the subsequent electron cascade in the MCP.

Magnetic properties of the Kagome staircase mixed system (Co{sub x}Ni{sub 1-x}){sub 3}V{sub 2}O{sub 8}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Qureshi, Navid

2008-09-26

The orthooxovanadates of the 3d transition metals M{sub 3}V{sub 2}O{sub 8}, known as Kagome staircase systems, reveal interesting magnetic properties due to their crystal structure. Although these compounds are isostructural for M=Co,Ni,Mn,Cu, they differ considerably with respect to their magnetic phase transitions and magnetic structures. As the magnetic ions are situated on corners of cornersharing triangles, geometric frustration plays an important role in this system. This is not only confined to the fact, that the antiferromagnetic structures exhibit reduced magnetic moments, but apparently also to the ferromagnetic structure of Co{sub 3}V{sub 2}O{sub 8}, which exhibits a strongly reduced Co moment of 1.54 Bohr magnetons. Within this work precisely this ferromagnetic structure has been investigated in detail and it could be shown that the relatively weak magnetic moment does not result from frustration, but is a consequence of the strong hybridization effects between the cobalt and oxygen orbitals. The pronounced covalent character of this Co ion leads to the fact that due to the charge transfer the oxygen ions significantly contribute to the bulk magnetization when applying an external magnetic field. The second part of the presented work deals with the systematic investigation of the mixed system (Co{sub x}Ni{sub 1-x})3V{sub 2}O{sub 8}. A detailed magnetic phase diagram could be drawn, in which the temperature and composition dependent magnetic phase transitions have been pinpointed. Furthermore, an interesting magnetic structure of a chosen composition of x=0.5 has been observed, which differs considerably from those of the end members. (orig.)

Deficient expression of enhanced reactivation of parvovirus H-1 in ataxia telangiectasia cells irradiated with X-rays or u.v. light