Triportheus albus Cope, 1872 in the Blackwater, Clearwater, and Whitewater of the Amazon: A Case of Phenotypic Plasticity?

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José D. A. Araújo

2017-08-01

Full Text Available The Amazon basin includes 1000s of bodies of water, that are sorted according to their color in three types: blackwater, clearwater, and whitewater, which significantly differ in terms of their physicochemical parameters. More than 3,000 species of fish live in the rivers of the Amazon, among them, the sardine, Triportheus albus, which is one of the few species that inhabit all three types of water. The purpose of our study was to analyze if the gene expression of T. albus is determined by the different types of water, that is, if the species presents phenotypic plasticity to live in blackwater, clearwater, and whitewater. Gills of T. albus were collected at well-characterized sites for each type of water. Nine cDNA libraries were constructed, three biological replicates of each condition and the RNA was sequenced (RNA-Seq on the MiSeq® Platform (Illumina®. A total of 51.6 million of paired-end reads, and 285,456 transcripts were assembled. Considering the FDR ≤ 0.05 and fold change ≥ 2, 13,754 differentially expressed genes were detected in the three water types. Two mechanisms related to homeostasis were detected in T. albus that live in blackwater, when compared to the ones in clearwater and whitewater. The acidic blackwater is a challenging environment for many types of aquatic organisms. The first mechanism is related to the decrease in cellular permeability, highlighting the genes coding for claudin proteins, actn4, itgb3b, DSP, Gap junction protein, and Ca2+-ATPase. The second with ionic and acid-base regulation [rhcg1, slc9a6a (NHE, ATP6V0A2, Na+/K+-ATPase, slc26a4 (pedrin and slc4a4b]. We suggest T. albus is a good species of fish for future studies involving the ionic and acid-base regulation of Amazonian species. We also concluded that, T. albus, shows well defined phenotypic plasticity for each water type in the Amazon basin.

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Alleviates Diesel Toxicity on Melilotus albus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hernandez-Ortega, H. A.; Alarcon, A.; Ferrera-Cerrato, R.; Zavaleta-Mancera, H. A.

2009-01-01

Petroleum hydrocarbons (PH) affect plant growth and development by limiting water absorption and nutrient availability. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been demonstrated to increase plant tolerance of grass species to PH, but the performance of AMF on legume species during phytorremediation of PH-contaminated soils has been scarcely understood. Thus, this research evaluated the effects of AMF on tolerance and growth of Melilotus albus in a diesel-contaminated soil. (Author)

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Alleviates Diesel Toxicity on Melilotus albus

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hernandez-Ortega, H. A.; Alarcon, A.; Ferrera-Cerrato, R.; Zavaleta-Mancera, H. A.

2009-07-01

Petroleum hydrocarbons (PH) affect plant growth and development by limiting water absorption and nutrient availability. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been demonstrated to increase plant tolerance of grass species to PH, but the performance of AMF on legume species during phytorremediation of PH-contaminated soils has been scarcely understood. Thus, this research evaluated the effects of AMF on tolerance and growth of Melilotus albus in a diesel-contaminated soil. (Author)

Exudation of organic acids by Lupinus albus and Lupinus angustifolius as affected by phosphorus supply

Science.gov (United States)

Hentschel, Werner; Wiche, Oliver

2016-04-01

In phytomining and phytoremediation research mixed cultures of bioenergy crops with legumes hold promise to enhance availability of trace metals and metalloids in the soil plant system. This is due to the ability of certain legumes to mobilize trace elements during acquisition of nutrients making these elements available for co-cultured species. The legumes achieve this element mobilization by exudating carboxylates and enzymes as well as by lowering the pH value in the rhizosphere. The aim of our research was to determine characteristics and differences in the exudation of Lupinus albus and Lupinus angustifolius regarding to quantitative as to qualitative aspects. Especially the affection by phosphorus (P) supply was a point of interest. Thus we conducted laboratory batch experiments, wherein the plants were grown over four weeks under controlled light, moisture and nutritional conditions on sand as substrate. Half of the plants were supplied with 12 mg P per kg substrate, the other half were cultivated under a total lack of P. After cultivation the plants were transferred from the cultivation substrate into a 0,05 mmolṡL-1 CaCl2 solution. After two hours the plants were removed, moist and dry mass off shoots and roots were measured together with the root length (Tennants' method). Concentrations of exudated carboxylates in the CaCl2 solution were determined via IC (column: Metrosept OrganicAcids, eluent 0.5 molṡL-1 H2SO4 + 15% acetone, pH=3; 0.5 mLṡmin-1). As a result four different organic acids were identified (citric acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid) in concentration ranges of 0.15 mgṡL-1 (fumaric acid) to 9.21 mgṡL-1 (citric acid). Lupinus angustifolius showed a higher exudation rate (in nmol per cm root length per hour) than Lupinus albus in the presence of phosphorus (e.g. regarding citric acid: 1.99 vs 0.64 nmolṡ(gṡh)-1). However, as the root complexity and length of L. albus were far higher than of L. angustifolius, the total

Functional and modular analyses of diverse endoglucanases from Ruminococcus albus 8, a specialist plant cell wall degrading bacterium.

Science.gov (United States)

Iakiviak, Michael; Devendran, Saravanan; Skorupski, Anna; Moon, Young Hwan; Mackie, Roderick I; Cann, Isaac

2016-07-21

Ruminococcus albus 8 is a specialist plant cell wall degrading ruminal bacterium capable of utilizing hemicellulose and cellulose. Cellulose degradation requires a suite of enzymes including endoglucanases, exoglucanases, and β-glucosidases. The enzymes employed by R. albus 8 in degrading cellulose are yet to be completely elucidated. Through bioinformatic analysis of a draft genome sequence of R. albus 8, seventeen putatively cellulolytic genes were identified. The genes were heterologously expressed in E. coli, and purified to near homogeneity. On biochemical analysis with cellulosic substrates, seven of the gene products (Ra0185, Ra0259, Ra0325, Ra0903, Ra1831, Ra2461, and Ra2535) were identified as endoglucanases, releasing predominantly cellobiose and cellotriose. Each of the R. albus 8 endoglucanases, except for Ra0259 and Ra0325, bound to the model crystalline cellulose Avicel, confirming functional carbohydrate binding modules (CBMs). The polypeptides for Ra1831 and Ra2535 were found to contain distantly related homologs of CBM65. Mutational analysis of residues within the CBM65 of Ra1831 identified key residues required for binding. Phylogenetic analysis of the endoglucanases revealed three distinct subfamilies of glycoside hydrolase family 5 (GH5). Our results demonstrate that this fibrolytic bacterium uses diverse GH5 catalytic domains appended with different CBMs, including novel forms of CBM65, to degrade cellulose.

Mollusken aus posttertiären Schichten von Celebes

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Schepman, M.M.

1912-01-01

Die im Folgenden behandelten Mollusken stammen aus der Nähe von Kajoe ragi auf Celebes, woselbst sie durch R. FENNEMA aus denselben Schichten ausgelesen wurden, aus denen früher durch J. G. DE MAN einige brachyure Krebse beschrieben sind. Es darf deswegen betreffs näherer Angaben über die Herkunft

High blood oxygen affinity in the air-breathing swamp eel Monopterus albus.

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Damsgaard, Christian; Findorf, Inge; Helbo, Signe; Kocagoz, Yigit; Buchanan, Rasmus; Huong, Do Thi Thanh; Weber, Roy E; Fago, Angela; Bayley, Mark; Wang, Tobias

2014-12-01

The Asian swamp eel (Monopterus albus, Zuiew 1793) is a facultative air-breathing fish with reduced gills. Previous studies have shown that gas exchange seems to occur across the epithelium of the buccopharyngeal cavity, the esophagus and the integument, resulting in substantial diffusion limitations that must be compensated by adaptations in others steps of the O₂ transport system to secure adequate O₂ delivery to the respiring tissues. We therefore investigated O₂ binding properties of whole blood, stripped hemoglobin (Hb), two major isoHb components and the myoglobin (Mb) from M. albus. Whole blood was sampled using indwelling catheters for blood gas analysis and determination of O₂ equilibrium curves. Hb was purified to assess the effects of endogenous allosteric effectors, and Mb was isolated from heart and skeletal muscle to determine its O₂ binding properties. The blood of M. albus has a high O₂ carrying capacity [hematocrit (Hct) of 42.4±4.5%] and binds O₂ with an unusually high affinity (P₅₀=2.8±0.4mmHg at 27°C and pH7.7), correlating with insensitivity of the Hb to the anionic allosteric effectors that normally decrease Hb-O₂ affinity. In addition, Mb is present at high concentrations in both heart and muscle (5.16±0.99 and 1.08±0.19mg ∙ g wet tissue⁻¹, respectively). We suggest that the high Hct and high blood O₂ affinity serve to overcome the low diffusion capacity in the relatively inefficient respiratory surfaces, while high Hct and Mb concentration aid in increasing the O₂ flux from the blood to the muscles. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Origanum dictamnus Oil Vapour Suppresses the Development of Grey Mould in Eggplant Fruit In Vitro

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Loulakakis, Kostas; Magan, Naresh; Tzortzakis, Nikos

2014-01-01

Grey mould rot (Botrytis cinerea) development in vitro or in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) fruit was evaluated after treatment with dittany (Origanum dictamnus L.) oil (DIT) and storage at 12°C and 95% relative humidity during or following exposure to the volatiles. DIT volatiles used in different concentration (0-50-100-250 μL/L) and times of exposure (up to 120 h) examined the effects on pathogen development as well as fruit quality parameters. In vitro, fungal colony growth was inhibited with the application of DIT oil (during or after exposure) and/or time of application. Continuous exposure to oils reduced conidial germination and production with fungistatic effects observed in 250 μL/L. In vivo, fungal lesion growth and conidial production reduced in DIT-treated fruits. Interesting, in fruits preexposed to volatiles before fungal inoculation, DIT application induced fruit resistance against the pathogen, by reduced lesion growth and conidial production. Conidial viability reduced in >100 μL/L DIT oil. Fruits exposed to essential oil did not affect fruit quality related attributes in general, while skin lightness (L value) increased in 50 and 100 μL/L DIT oil. The results of the current study indicated that dittany volatiles may be considered as an alternative food preservative, eliminating disease spread in the storage/transit atmospheres. PMID:25254209

Origanum dictamnus Oil Vapour Suppresses the Development of Grey Mould in Eggplant Fruit In Vitro

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andriana Stavropoulou

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Grey mould rot (Botrytis cinerea development in vitro or in eggplant (Solanum melongena L. fruit was evaluated after treatment with dittany (Origanum dictamnus L. oil (DIT and storage at 12°C and 95% relative humidity during or following exposure to the volatiles. DIT volatiles used in different concentration (0-50-100-250 μL/L and times of exposure (up to 120 h examined the effects on pathogen development as well as fruit quality parameters. In vitro, fungal colony growth was inhibited with the application of DIT oil (during or after exposure and/or time of application. Continuous exposure to oils reduced conidial germination and production with fungistatic effects observed in 250 μL/L. In vivo, fungal lesion growth and conidial production reduced in DIT-treated fruits. Interesting, in fruits preexposed to volatiles before fungal inoculation, DIT application induced fruit resistance against the pathogen, by reduced lesion growth and conidial production. Conidial viability reduced in >100 μL/L DIT oil. Fruits exposed to essential oil did not affect fruit quality related attributes in general, while skin lightness (L value increased in 50 and 100 μL/L DIT oil. The results of the current study indicated that dittany volatiles may be considered as an alternative food preservative, eliminating disease spread in the storage/transit atmospheres.

Gene cloning and induced expression pattern of IRF4 and IRF10 in the Asian swamp eel (Monopterus albus)

Science.gov (United States)

XU, Qiao-Qing; YANG, Dai-Qin; TUO, Rui; WAN, Jing; CHANG, Ming-Xian; NIE, Pin

2014-01-01

The Asian swamp eel (Monopterus albus) is one of the most economically important freshwater fish in East Asia, but data on the immune genes of M. albus are scarce compared to other commercially important fish. A better understanding of the eel’s immune responses may help in developing strategies for disease management, potentially improving yields and mitigating losses. In mammals, interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) play a vital role in both the innate and adaptive immune system; though among teleosts IRF4 and IRF10 have seldom been studied. In this study, we characterized IRF4 and IRF10 from M. albus (maIRF4 and maIRF10) and found that maIRF4 cDNA consists of 1 716 nucleotides encoding a 451 amino acid (aa) protein, while maIRF10 consists of 1 744 nucleotides including an open reading frame (ORF) of 1 236 nt encoding 411 aa. The maIRF10 gene was constitutively expressed at high levels in a variety of tissues, while maIRF4 showed a very limited expression pattern. Expression of maIRF4 and maIRF10 in head kidney, and spleen tissues was significantly up-regulated from 12 h to 48 h post-stimulation with polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and a common pathogenic bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila. These results suggest that IRF4 and IRF10 play roles in immune responses to both viral and bacterial infections in M. albus. PMID:25297077

Properties and expression of Na+/K+-ATPase α-subunit isoforms in the brain of the swamp eel, Monopterus albus, which has unusually high brain ammonia tolerance.

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Xiu L Chen

Full Text Available The swamp eel, Monopterus albus, can survive in high concentrations of ammonia (>75 mmol l(-1 and accumulate ammonia to high concentrations in its brain (4.5 µmol g(-1. Na(+/K(+-ATPase (Nka is an essential transporter in brain cells, and since NH4(+ can substitute for K(+ to activate Nka, we hypothesized that the brain of M. albus expressed multiple forms of Nka α-subunits, some of which might have high K(+ specificity. Thus, this study aimed to clone and sequence the nka α-subunits from the brain of M. albus, and to determine the effects of ammonia exposure on their mRNA expression and overall protein abundance. The effectiveness of NH4(+ to activate brain Nka from M. albus and Mus musculus was also examined by comparing their Na(+/K(+-ATPase and Na(+/NH4(+-ATPase activities over a range of K(+/NH4(+ concentrations. The full length cDNA coding sequences of three nkaα (nkaα1, nkaα3a and nkaα3b were identified in the brain of M. albus, but nkaα2 expression was undetectable. Exposure to 50 mmol l(-1 NH4Cl for 1 day or 6 days resulted in significant decreases in the mRNA expression of nkaα1, nkaα3a and nkaα3b. The overall Nka protein abundance also decreased significantly after 6 days of ammonia exposure. For M. albus, brain Na(+/NH4(+-ATPase activities were significantly lower than the Na(+/K(+-ATPase activities assayed at various NH4(+/K(+ concentrations. Furthermore, the effectiveness of NH4(+ to activate Nka from the brain of M. albus was significantly lower than that from the brain of M. musculus, which is ammonia-sensitive. Hence, the (1 lack of nkaα2 expression, (2 high K(+ specificity of K(+ binding sites of Nkaα1, Nkaα3a and Nkaα3b, and (3 down-regulation of mRNA expression of all three nkaα isoforms and the overall Nka protein abundance in response to ammonia exposure might be some of the contributing factors to the high brain ammonia tolerance in M. albus.

Molecular organization in bacterial cell membranes. Specific labelling and topological distribution of glycoproteins and proteins in Streptomyces albus membranes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Larraga, V; Munoz, E [Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid (Spain). Instituto de Biologia Celular

1975-05-01

The paper reports about an investigation into the question of the specific labelling and topological distribution of glycoproteins and proteins in Streptomyces albus membranes. The method of sample preparation is described: Tritium labelling of glycoproteins in protoplasts and membranes, iodination of proteins, trypsin treatment and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The findings suggest an asymmetrical distribution of the glycoproteins in membranes and a weak accessibility to iodine label. A structural model of the plasma membranes of Streptomyces albus is proposed similar to the general 'fluid mosaic' model of Singer and Nicholson.

Functional analyses of multiple lichenin-degrading enzymes from the rumen bacterium Ruminococcus albus 8.

Science.gov (United States)

Iakiviak, Michael; Mackie, Roderick I; Cann, Isaac K O

2011-11-01

Ruminococcus albus 8 is a fibrolytic ruminal bacterium capable of utilization of various plant cell wall polysaccharides. A bioinformatic analysis of a partial genome sequence of R. albus revealed several putative enzymes likely to hydrolyze glucans, including lichenin, a mixed-linkage polysaccharide of glucose linked together in β-1,3 and β-1,4 glycosidic bonds. In the present study, we demonstrate the capacity of four glycoside hydrolases (GHs), derived from R. albus, to hydrolyze lichenin. Two of the genes encoded GH family 5 enzymes (Ra0453 and Ra2830), one gene encoded a GH family 16 enzyme (Ra0505), and the last gene encoded a GH family 3 enzyme (Ra1595). Each gene was expressed in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant protein was purified to near homogeneity. Upon screening on a wide range of substrates, Ra0453, Ra2830, and Ra0505 displayed different hydrolytic properties, as they released unique product profiles. The Ra1595 protein, predicted to function as a β-glucosidase, preferred cleavage of a nonreducing end glucose when linked by a β-1,3 glycosidic bond to the next glucose residue. The major product of Ra0505 hydrolysis of lichenin was predicted to be a glucotriose that was degraded only by Ra0453 to glucose and cellobiose. Most importantly, the four enzymes functioned synergistically to hydrolyze lichenin to glucose, cellobiose, and cellotriose. This lichenin-degrading enzyme mix should be of utility as an additive to feeds administered to monogastric animals, especially those high in fiber.

The Effect of Lupinus albus and Calcium Chloride on Growth Performance, Body Composition, Plasma Biochemistry and Meat Quality of Male Pigs Immunized Against Gonadotrophin Releasing Factor

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Karen Moore

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Two hundred and ninety-four pigs were used to assess the effect of two ingredients (Lupinus albus (albus lupins or a combination of calcium chloride and sodium tri-polyphosphate (mineral salts on growth performance, body composition and objective meat quality of pigs immunized against gonadotrophin releasing factor (immunocastrates and entire male pigs in the late finishing phase. Pigs fed mineral salts ate less feed than those fed the control diet with no effect on growth rate (p > 0.05, backfat (p > 0.05 or fat deposition (p > 0.05. Pigs fed albus lupins had a reduced feed intake (p < 0.001 for all time periods, lower growth rate (p < 0.001 for all time periods, lower backfat (p < 0.005 and decreased fat deposition (p < 0.001 for all time periods compared to those fed the control diet or mineral salts. From day (d 0–28 pigs fed mineral salts had a better feed conversion ratio (p = 0.001 than those fed albus lupins who in turn had an improved feed conversion compared to the control diet. Immunocastrates had thicker backfat than entire males at the end of the experiment (p < 0.001, however, feeding albus lupins to immunocastrated males reduced backfat thickness to similar to entire males fed the control diet (p = 0.01. With the exception of the increased muscle pH at 45 minutes post-exsanguination in mineral salts and albus lupins compared with the control diet (p = 0.03 there was no effect of diet on objective pork quality. Pork from IC males had a higher ultimate pH (p < 0.001, was lighter (L*; p = 0.003, more yellow (p = 0.008 and had a higher drip loss (p < 0.001 compared to entire males. Albus lupins show potential in reducing the increase in feed intake and backfat associated with immunocastration. Mineral salts may be useful in situations where a reduction in feed intake and an improvement in feed conversion is desired and reducing fat deposition is not the objective.

Feeding and nutritional ecology of the edible sea urchin Loxechinus albus in the northern Chilean coast Ecología nutricional y alimenticia del erizo comestible Loxechinus albus en el norte de Chile

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

SOLANGE J GONZÁLEZ

2008-12-01

Full Text Available The red sea urchin Loxechinus albus, an economically important species oceurring along the Chilean littoral benthic systems, has been heavily exploited by artisanal fisheries in recent decades. However, basic knowledge of its trophic biology is still scarce. Studies of this kind are critical to the successful development of farming techniques as an alternative to the harvest of natural populations. The aims of this study were to quantify the composition of L. albus' natural diet, to determine the assimilation efficieney of the most important dietary components, and to experimentally examine the species' trophic selectivity. Adult and juvenile specimens were sampled in spring 1993 and summer, fall and winter 1994 from the shallow subtidal zone of Iquique, northern Chile. Neither juveniles ñor adults showed significant seasonal differences in dietary composition. The main Ítems in the diet were the green alga Ulva sp. for juveniles and the kelp Lessonia sp. for adults. In adults, assimilation efficieney (as percentage of the total organic matter ingested was not significantly different among individuals that consumed Lessonia sp. (48.7 %, Ulva sp. (44.6 % and Macrocystis (38.1 %, whereas in juveniles assimilation efficieney was significantly higher for individuals fed on the chlorophyte Ulva sp. (55.4 %, followed by Lessonia sp. (35.0 % and Macrocystis (25.5 %. These results suggest that L. albus undergoes an ontogenetic shift in the diet, consisting of a differential foraging strategy between juveniles and adults.El erizo Loxechinus albus (Molina, 1782 es un recurso de gran importancia económica en los sistemas bentónicos costeros, y que se encuentra bajo una fuerte presión de explotación. Sin embargo, los antecedentes sobre diversos aspectos básicos de su biología trófica son aún escasos. Estudios de esta naturaleza son importantes en razón a que constituyen la base para el desarrollo de técnicas de cultivo exitosas, alternativa a la

First records of Melilotus albus Medik. (Fabaceae, Faboideae) in Santa Catarina, southern Brazil

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hassemer, Gustavo; Ramos Ferreira, João Paulo; Adriano Funez, Luís

2015-01-01

Melilotus albus Medik. is a cosmopolite and invasive species, native to the Old World, which in Brazil had its occurrence hitherto recorded only in the states of São Paulo, Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul. This study extends its distribution to Santa Catarina state, southern Brazil, due to the recen...

Dieta y hábitos alimenticios de la corvina amarilla Cynoscion albus en el Pacífico ecuatoriano

OpenAIRE

Calle Morán, Marcos; Galván Magaña, Felipe

2017-01-01

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los hábitos alimenticios de la corvina amarilla Cynoscion albus y su relación con el sexo y la época del año. Se colectaron muestras de contenido estomacal de C. albus en el mercado municipal de Bahía de Caráquez para poder analizar las presas que conformaban parte de su dieta, la categorización de dichas especies, así como también la diversidad de las mismas, la amplitud de su nicho trófico, el traslapamiento trófico y el nicho trófico. Se registrar...

Reet Aus - egoismiülikooli õppejõud / Reet Aus ; intervjueerinud Tanel Veenre

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Aus, Reet, 1974-

2009-01-01

Moekunstnik Reet Aus osalemisest oma kollektsiooniga Londoni moenädala raames toimunud näitusel "Estethica", rohelisest disainist, tööst teatrikunstnikuna, oma kaubamärgist ReUse, moekunsti eelistest ja puudustest, ilust, endast, majanduskriisist, linnastumisest

The Yeast Plasma Membrane ATP Binding Cassette (ABC) Transporter Aus1

Science.gov (United States)

Marek, Magdalena; Milles, Sigrid; Schreiber, Gabriele; Daleke, David L.; Dittmar, Gunnar; Herrmann, Andreas; Müller, Peter; Pomorski, Thomas Günther

2011-01-01

The ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter Aus1 is expressed under anaerobic growth conditions at the plasma membrane of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and is required for sterol uptake. These observations suggest that Aus1 promotes the translocation of sterols across membranes, but the precise transport mechanism has yet to be identified. In this study, an extraction and purification procedure was developed to characterize the Aus1 transporter. The detergent-solubilized protein was able to bind and hydrolyze ATP. Mutagenesis of the conserved lysine to methionine in the Walker A motif abolished ATP hydrolysis. Likewise, ATP hydrolysis was inhibited by classical inhibitors of ABC transporters. Upon reconstitution into proteoliposomes, the ATPase activity of Aus1 was specifically stimulated by phosphatidylserine (PS) in a stereoselective manner. We also found that Aus1-dependent sterol uptake, but not Aus1 expression and trafficking to the plasma membrane, was affected by changes in cellular PS levels. These results suggest a direct interaction between Aus1 and PS that is critical for the activity of the transporter. PMID:21521689

Butenolides from Streptomyces albus J1074 Act as External Signals To Stimulate Avermectin Production in Streptomyces avermitilis.

Science.gov (United States)

Nguyen, Thao Bich; Kitani, Shigeru; Shimma, Shuichi; Nihira, Takuya

2018-05-01

In streptomycetes, autoregulators are important signaling compounds that trigger secondary metabolism, and they are regarded as Streptomyces hormones based on their extremely low effective concentrations (nM) and the involvement of specific receptor proteins. Our previous distribution study revealed that butenolide-type Streptomyces hormones, including avenolide, are a general class of signaling molecules in streptomycetes and that Streptomyces albus strain J1074 may produce butenolide-type Streptomyces hormones. Here, we describe metabolite profiling of a disruptant of the S. albus aco gene, which encodes a key biosynthetic enzyme for butenolide-type Streptomyces hormones, and identify four butenolide compounds from S. albus J1074 that show avenolide activity. The compounds structurally resemble avenolide and show different levels of avenolide activity. A dual-culture assay with imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) analysis for in vivo metabolic profiling demonstrated that the butenolide compounds of S. albus J1074 stimulate avermectin production in another Streptomyces species, Streptomyces avermitilis , illustrating the complex chemical interactions through interspecies signals in streptomycetes. IMPORTANCE Microorganisms produce external and internal signaling molecules to control their complex physiological traits. In actinomycetes, Streptomyces hormones are low-molecular-weight signals that are key to our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of Streptomyces secondary metabolism. This study reveals that acyl coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) oxidase is a common and essential biosynthetic enzyme for butenolide-type Streptomyces hormones. Moreover, the diffusible butenolide compounds from a donor Streptomyces strain were recognized by the recipient Streptomyces strain of a different species, resulting in the initiation of secondary metabolism in the recipient. This is an interesting report on the chemical interaction between two different streptomycetes via Streptomyces

First evidence of bioflocculant from Shinella albus with flocculation activity on harvesting of Chlorella vulgaris biomass.

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Yi; Xu, Yanting; Liu, Lei; Jiang, Xiaobing; Zhang, Kun; Zheng, Tianling; Wang, Hailei

2016-10-01

Bioflocculant from Shinella albus xn-1 could be used to harvest energy-producing microalga Chlorella vulgaris biomass for the first time. In this study, we investigated the flocculation activity and mode of strain xn-1, the characteristics of bioflocculant, the effect of flocculation conditions and optimized the flocculation efficiency. The results indicated that strain xn-1 exhibited flocculation activity through secreting bioflocculant; the bioflocculant with high thermal stability, pH stability and low molecular weight was proved to be not protein and polysaccharide, and flocculation active component was confirmed to contain triple bond and cumulated double bonds; algal pH, temperature and metal ions showed great impacts on the flocculation efficiency of bioflocculant; the maximum flocculation activity of bioflocculant reached 85.65% after the response surface optimization. According to the results, the bioflocculant from S. albus xn-1 could be a good potential in applications for high-efficiency harvesting of microalgae. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Karyological characterization and identification of four repetitive element groups (the 18S – 28S rRNA gene, telomeric sequences, microsatellite repeat motifs, Rex retroelements) of the Asian swamp eel (Monopterus albus)

Science.gov (United States)

Suntronpong, Aorarat; Thapana, Watcharaporn; Twilprawat, Panupon; Prakhongcheep, Ornjira; Somyong, Suthasinee; Muangmai, Narongrit; Surin Peyachoknagul; Srikulnath, Kornsorn

2017-01-01

Abstract Among teleost fishes, Asian swamp eel (Monopterus albus Zuiew, 1793) possesses the lowest chromosome number, 2n = 24. To characterize the chromosome constitution and investigate the genome organization of repetitive sequences in M. albus, karyotyping and chromosome mapping were performed with the 18S – 28S rRNA gene, telomeric repeats, microsatellite repeat motifs, and Rex retroelements. The 18S – 28S rRNA genes were observed to the pericentromeric region of chromosome 4 at the same position with large propidium iodide and C-positive bands, suggesting that the molecular structure of the pericentromeric regions of chromosome 4 has evolved in a concerted manner with amplification of the 18S – 28S rRNA genes. (TTAGGG)n sequences were found at the telomeric ends of all chromosomes. Eight of 19 microsatellite repeat motifs were dispersedly mapped on different chromosomes suggesting the independent amplification of microsatellite repeat motifs in M. albus. Monopterus albus Rex1 (MALRex1) was observed at interstitial sites of all chromosomes and in the pericentromeric regions of most chromosomes whereas MALRex3 was scattered and localized to all chromosomes and MALRex6 to several chromosomes. This suggests that these retroelements were independently amplified or lost in M. albus. Among MALRexs (MALRex1, MALRex3, and MALRex6), MALRex6 showed higher interspecific sequence divergences from other teleost species in comparison. This suggests that the divergence of Rex6 sequences of M. albus might have occurred a relatively long time ago. PMID:29093797

AUS burnup module CHAR and the associated data pool

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Robinson, G.S.

1975-12-01

The CHAR module of the AUS reactor neutronics scheme solves the multiregion nuclide depletion equations using an analytic method. The module obtains cross section, flux and geometry data from AUS data pools, and uses the STATUS data pool which has been designed for the storage of nuclide compositions, spatial smearing factors and other miscellaneous information. (author)

Neues aus dem Forschungsfeld Deutsch als Zweitsprache. Sammelrezension

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Claus Altmayer

2015-03-01

Full Text Available Neues aus dem Forschungsfeld Deutsch als Zweitsprache. Sammelrezension (Teil 2 von Bernt Ahrenholz (Hrsg. (2009, Empirische Befunde zu DaZ-Erwerb und Sprachförderung. Beiträge aus dem 3. ‚Workshop Kinder mit Migrationshintergrund‘; Karen Schramm & Christoph Schröder (Hrsg. (2009, Empirische Zugänge zu Spracherwerb und Sprachförderung in Deutsch als Zweitsprache; Stefan Jeuk (2010, Deutsch als Zweitsprache in der Schule. Grundlagen - Diagnose – Förderung

Kuldma, Aus, Roosma ja Siska

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2007-01-01

2006. aasta Kuldnõela võitja kuulutatakse välja Tallinnas Viru keskuses 9.03.2007. Kandidaadid Katrin Kuldma kollektsiooniga Chocolate, Reet Aus kaubamärgiga Re Use, Tiiu Roosma pesukollektsiooniga BonBon Lingerie ja Marika Siska kaubamärgiga Sangar

Identification of host fruit volatiles from snowberry (Symphoricarpos albus), attractive to Rhagoletis zephyria flies from Western United States

Science.gov (United States)

Gas chromatography coupled with electroantennogram detection (GC-EAD) was used to identify volatiles from the fruit of Snowberry, Symphoricarpos albus laevigatus, as key attractants for Rhagoletis zephyria flies reared from snowberry fruit. A nine-component blend containing 3-methylbutan-1-ol (3%), ...

40 CFR 180.1260 - Muscodor albus QST 20799 and the volatiles produced on rehydration; exemption from the...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... volatiles produced on rehydration; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance. 180.1260 Section 180.1260... 20799 and the volatiles produced on rehydration; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance. An... Muscodor albus QST 20799, and the volatiles produced on its rehydration, when the pesticide is used for all...

Maritrema corai n. sp (Digenea: Microphallidae) from the white ibis Eudocimus albus (Linnaeus) (Aves: Threskiornithidae) in Mexico

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Hernández-Orts, J.S.; Pinacho-Pinacho, C.D.; García-Varela, M.; Kostadinova, Aneta

2016-01-01

Roč. 115, č. 2 (2016), s. 547-559 ISSN 0932-0113 R&D Projects: GA ČR GAP506/12/1632 Institutional support: RVO:60077344 Keywords : Maritrema * Eudocimus albus * Microphallidae * 28S rDNA * phylogeny * North America Subject RIV: EG - Zoology Impact factor: 2.329, year: 2016

Age estimations of wild pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus, Forbes & Richardson 1905) based on pectoral fin spines, otoliths and bomb radiocarbon: inferences on recruitment in the dam-fragmented Missouri River

Science.gov (United States)

Braaten, P. J.; Campana, S. E.; Fuller, D. B.; Lott, R. D.; Bruch, R. M.; Jordan, G. R.

2015-01-01

An extant stock of wild pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus persists in the fragmented upper Missouri River basin of Montana and North Dakota. Although successful spawning and hatch of embryos has been verified, long-term catch records suggest that recruitment has not occurred for several decades as the extant stock lacks juvenile size classes and is comprised exclusively of large, presumably old individuals. Ages of 11 deceased (death years 1997–2007) wild S. albus (136–166 cm fork length) were estimated based on pectoral fin spines, sagittal otoliths and bomb radiocarbon (14C) assays of otoliths to test the hypothesis that members of this stock are old and to provide inferences on recruitment years that produced the extant stock. Age estimations based on counts of presumed annuli were about 2 years greater for otoliths (mean = 51 years, range = 43–57 years) than spines (mean = 49 years, range = 37–59 years). Based on 14C assays, confirmed birth years for all individuals occurred prior to 1957, thus establishing known longevity of at least 50 years. Estimated age based on presumed otolith annuli for one S. albus was validated to at least age 49. Although 14C assays confirmed pre-1957 birth years for all S. albus, only 56% of estimated ages from spines and 91% of estimated ages from otoliths depicted pre-1957 birth years. Both ageing structures were subject to under-ageing error (up to 15 years). Lack of or severe curtailment of S. albus recruitment in the upper Missouri River basin since the mid-1950s closely parallels the 1953–1957 timeframe when a mainstem reservoir was constructed and started to fill. This reservoir may function as a system-wide stressor to diminish recruitment success of S. albus in the upper Missouri River basin.

Gene cloning and mRNA expression of glutamate dehydrogenase in the liver, brain and intestine of the swamp eel, Monopterus albus, exposed to freshwater, terrestrial conditions, environmental ammonia or salinity stress

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

C Y Toh

2011-12-01

Full Text Available The swamp eel, Monopterus albus, is an obligatory air-breathing teleost which can survive long period of emersion, has high environmental and tissue ammonia tolerance, and acclimate from fresh to brackish water. This study was undertaken to clone and sequence gdh expressed in the liver, intestine and brain of M. albus, to verify whether more than one form of gdh were expressed, and to examine the gdh mRNA expressions in these three organs in fish exposed to various adverse conditions using quantitative real-time PCR. Only one gdh gene sequence, consisted of a 133 bp 5’ UTR, a CDS region spanning 1629 bp and a 3’ UTR of approximately 717 bp, was obtained from the liver, intestine and brain of M. albus. The translated Gdh amino acid sequence from the liver of M. albus had 542 residues and was confirmed to be Gdh1a. It had sequence identity of >90% with Oncorhynchus mykiss Gdh1a, Salmo salar Gdh1a1, Bostrychus sinensis Gdh1a and Tribolodon hakonensis Gdh1a, and formed a monophyletic clade with B. sinensis Gdh1a, Tetraodon nigroviridis Gdh1a, Chaenocephalus aceratus Gdh1a, Salmo salar Gdh1a1 and Gdh1a2 and O. mykiss Gdh1a. An increase in mRNA expression of gdh1a could be essential for increased glutamate production in support of increases in glutamine synthesis under certain environmental condition. Indeed, exposure of M. albus to 1 day of terrestrial conditions or 75 mmol l-1 NH4Cl, but not brackish water, resulted in a significant increase in gdh1a mRNA expression in the liver. However, exposure to brackish water, but not terrestrial conditions or 75 mmol l-1 NH4Cl, lead to a significant increase in the intestinal mRNA expression of gdh1a. By contrast, all the three experimental conditions had no significant effects on the mRNA expression of gdh1a in the brain of M. albus. Our results indicate for the first time that gdh mRNA expression was differentially up-regulated in the liver and intestine of M. albus, in responses to ammonia toxicity and

Increased temperature tolerance of the air-breathing Asian swamp eel Monopterus albus after high-temperature acclimation is not explained by improved cardiorespiratory performance.

Science.gov (United States)

Lefevre, S; Findorf, I; Bayley, M; Huong, D T T; Wang, T

2016-01-01

This study investigated the hypothesis that in the Asian swamp eel Monopterus albus, an air-breathing fish from south-east Asia that uses the buccopharyngeal cavity for oxygen uptake, the upper critical temperature (TU) is increased by acclimation to higher temperature, and that the increased TU is associated with improved cardiovascular and respiratory function. Monopterus albus were therefore acclimated to 27° C (current average) and 32° C (current maximum temperature as well as projected average within 100-200 years), and both the effect of acclimation and acute temperature increments on cardiovascular and respiratory functions were investigated. Two weeks of heat acclimation increased upper tolerated temperature (TU ) by 2° C from 36·9 ± 0·1° C to 38·9 ± 0·1° C (mean ± s.e.). Oxygen uptake (M˙O2) increased with acclimation temperature, accommodated by increases in both aerial and aquatic respiration. Overall, M˙O2 from air (M˙O2a ) was predominant, representing 85% in 27° C acclimated fish and 80% in 32° C acclimated fish. M˙O2 increased with acute increments in temperature and this increase was entirely accommodated by an increase in air-breathing frequency and M˙O2a . Monopterus albus failed to upregulate stroke volume; rather, cardiac output was maintained through increased heart rate with rising temperature. Overall, acclimation of M. albus to 32° C did not improve its cardiovascular and respiratory performance at higher temperatures, and cardiovascular adaptations, therefore, do not appear to contribute to the observed increase in TU. © 2015 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles.

DNA fingerprinting and diversity analysis in Aus genotypes using microsatellite markers

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

MD. MONIRUL ISLAM

2015-08-01

Full Text Available DNA fingerprinting and genetic diversity of 94 Aus (6 BRRI released Aus variety and 88 local Aus landraces genotypes were carried out to protect the Aus landraces from biopiracy. A total of 91 microsatellite markers were tested for screening the genotypes. Among 91 amplified products, 56% have polymorphic bands giving 195 alleles. The number of alleles per locus ranged from four (RM25 and RM147 to twenty seven (RM519, where average allele number was 9.76. The Polymorphism Information Contents (PIC lied between 0.455 (RM5 to 0.934 (RM519. Most robust marker was found RM519 since it provided the highest PIC value (0.934. Pair-wise genetic dissimilarity co-efficient showed the lowest genetic dissimilarity was found BRRI dhan42 and BRRI dhan43 and the highest genetic dissimilarity was found local landraces each other. Here it is shown that most Aus landraces is recognized to have broad genetic base. Thus it is recommended to use these landraces for future breeding program or include new and untouched local landraces to incorporate new genes and broaden genetic base.

Zusammensetzung eukaryotischer RNase P aus pflanzlichen Zellkernen und Plastiden

OpenAIRE

Heubeck, Christian

2004-01-01

Ribonuklease P (RNaseP) ist eine essentielle Endonuklease, welche die 5'-Flanke von pre-tRNAs entfernt. In nahezu allen bisher untersuchten Organismen und Organellen besteht das Holoenzym aus einer RNA-Untereinheit und einer Protein-Komponente. Nur die Zusammensetzung des Enzyms in den Chloroplasten und Mitochochondrien mehrzelliger Eukaryonten scheint unklar. Eine RNA-Untereinheit konnte hier bis jetzt nicht nachgewiesen werden. Um den Aufbau der RNaseP aus photosynthetischen...

Primer reporte de Cricocephalus albus (Digenea: Pronocephalidae en el Perú, parásito de la tortuga verde del Pacífico Este (Chelonia mydas agassizii

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luis A. Gomez-Puerta

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Se registra por primera vez para Perú a Cricocephalus albus (Digenea: Pronocephalidae en la tortuga verde del Pacífico oriental (Chelonia mydas agassizii. Los parásitos fueron colectados durante la necropsia de una tortuga verde varada en el estuario de Virrilá localizado en la provincia de Sechura, Departamento de Piura, Perú. El presente trabajo realiza una breve descripción de C. albus, así como la discusión de sus hospederos y distribución geográfica.

Do rhizospheric processes linked to P nutrition participate in U absorption by Lupinus albus grown in hydroponics?

Science.gov (United States)

Tailliez, Antoine; Pierrisnard, Sylvie; Camilleri, Virginie; Keller, Catherine; Henner, Pascale

2013-10-01

Phosphate (P) is an essential element for plant development but is generally present in limiting amount in the soil solution. Plant species have developed different mechanisms promoting the solubilization of this element in soils to ensure a sufficient supply for their growth. One of these mechanisms is based on the ability of certain species such as L. albus to exude large amounts of citrate through specific tertiary roots called cluster-roots. Uranium (U) is an ubiquitous contaminant known firstly for its chemical toxicity and secondly for its high affinity for P with which it forms low-soluble complexes in soils. We highlight the effects of P-U interaction on the physiology of L. albus and particularly on citrate exudation, and the impact of this root process on the phytoavailability of U and its accumulation in plants in a hydroponic study. Different levels of P (1 and 100 μM) and U (0 and 20 μM) have been tested. Our results show no toxicity of U on the development of L. albus with an adequate P supply, whereas the effects of P starvation are amplified by the presence of U in the growth medium, except for the production of cluster-roots. Citrate exudation is totally inhibited by U in a low-P environment whereas it increases in the presence of U when its toxicity is lowered by the addition of P. The differences observed in terms of toxicity and accumulation are partly explained by the microphotographs obtained by electron microscopy (TEM-EDX): in the absence of P, U penetrates deep into the roots and causes lethal damages, whereas in presence of P, we observe the formation of U-P complexes which limit the internalization of the pollutant and so its toxicity. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

In vitro androgenetic cultures of Hyoscyamus niger L., H. albus L. and alkaloid content assay

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Wesołwska

2014-01-01

Full Text Available In vitro cultures of Hyoscyamus niger L. and H. albus L. anthers were initiated which resulted in obtaining androgenectic plants and callus cultures. The leaves of these pants and the callus cultures were subjected to analysis (TLC, GC for the presence of alkaloids, derivatives of tropane. In the studied material, alkaloids of different qualitative and quantitative composition from that of ground-grown plants were found.

Exploitation of sweet sorghum biomass for biofuel production using mixed acidogenic and methanogenic cultures and pure cultures of ruminococcus albus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ntaikou, I.; Antonopoulou, G.; Marazioti, C.; Lyberatos, G.

2008-01-01

Full text: The present study focuses on the exploitation of sweet sorghum biomass for gas biofuel production in continuous and batch systems. Sweet sorghum is an annual C 4 plant of tropical origin, well-adapted to sub-tropical and temperate regions and highly productive in biomass. It is rich in readily fermentable sugars and thus it can be considered as an excellent raw material for biohydrogen production from many different fermentative microorganisms. Extraction of free sugars from the sorghum stalks was achieved using water at 30 degrees centigrade. After the extraction process a liquid fraction (sorghum extract), rich in sucrose, and a solid fraction (sorghum cellulosic-hemicellulosic residues or sorghum bagasse), containing the cellulose and hemicelluloses, were obtained. A two-step continuous process was developed for the biological hydrogen production and the subsequent production of biogas from sweet sorghum extract. In the first reactor sugars were fermented to hydrogen, volatile fatty acids and alcohols b mixed acidogenic culture derived from the indigenous microfauna of sweet sorghum. The hydrogen producing reactor was operated at five different hydraulic retention times (HRT), i.e 24h, 12h, 8h, 6h and 4h. The HRT of 12h proved to be the most effective leading to the production 10.4 L H 2 /kg sweet sorghum biomass. Subsequently, the effluent was fed to the methanogenic reactor, where all the residual organic compounds were digested by an acclimated methanogenic culture derived from activated sludge. The operation of the methanogenic reactor was studied at three different HRTs, i.e 20d, 15d and 10d with the latter being the most prosing leading to the production 35.2 L CH 4 /kg sweet sorghum biomass. Both continuous and batch cultures were used for the investigation of hydrogen production from sweet sorghum biomass using Ruminococcus albus. R. albus is an important, fibrolytic bacterium of the rumen that can hydrolyse both cellulose and hemicellulose

Complete Genome Sequence of Streptomyces albus SM254, a Potent Antagonist of Bat White-Nose Syndrome Pathogen Pseudogymnoascus destructans.

Science.gov (United States)

Badalamenti, Jonathan P; Erickson, Joshua D; Salomon, Christine E

2016-04-14

We sequenced and annotated the complete 7,170,504-bp genome of a novel secondary metabolite-producingStreptomycesstrain,Streptomyces albusSM254, isolated from copper-rich subsurface fluids at ~220-m depth within the Soudan Iron Mine (Soudan, MN, USA). Copyright © 2016 Badalamenti et al.

Heavy Metals Uptake by Asian Swamp Eel, Monopterus albus from Paddy Fields of Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia: Preliminary Study.

Science.gov (United States)

Yin, Sow Ai; Ismail, Ahmad; Zulkifli, Syaizwan Zahmir

2012-12-01

Swamp eel, Monopterus albus is one of the common fish in paddy fields, thus it is suitable to be a bio-monitor for heavy metals pollution studies in paddy fields. This study was conducted to assess heavy metals levels in swamp eels collected from paddy fields in Kelantan, Malaysia. The results showed zinc [Zn (86.40 μg/g dry weight)] was the highest accumulated metal in the kidney, liver, bone, gill, muscle and skin. Among the selected organs, gill had the highest concentrations of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni) whereas muscle showed the lowest total metal accumulation of Zn, Pb, copper (Cu), Cd and Ni. Based on the Malaysian Food Regulation, the levels of Zn and Cu in edible parts (muscle and skin) were within the safety limits. However, Cd, Pb and Ni exceeded the permissible limits. By comparing with the maximum level intake (MLI), Pb, Ni and Cd in edible parts can still be consumed. This investigation indicated that M. albus from paddy fields of Kelantan are safe for human consumption with little precaution.

Chemical and nutritional changes in bitter and sweet lupin seeds (Lupinus albus L.) during bulgur production

OpenAIRE

Yorgancilar, Mustafa; Bilgiçli, Nermin

2012-01-01

In this research, bitter and sweet Lupin (Lupinus albus L.) seeds were used in bulgur production. The proximate chemical compositions and the contents of phytic acid, mineral, amino acid and fatty acid of raw material and processed lupin seeds as bulgur were determined. The sensory properties of bulgur samples were also researched. Bulgur process decreased ash, fat and phytic acid content of lupin seeds while significant increase (p 

High Brain Ammonia Tolerance and Down-Regulation of Na+:K+:2Cl- Cotransporter 1b mRNA and Protein Expression in the Brain of the Swamp Eel, Monopterus albus, Exposed to Environmental Ammonia or Terrestrial Conditions

Science.gov (United States)

Ip, Yuen K.; Hou, Zhisheng; Chen, Xiu L.; Ong, Jasmine L. Y.; Chng, You R.; Ching, Biyun; Hiong, Kum C.; Chew, Shit F.

2013-01-01

Na+:K+:2Cl- cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) has been implicated in mediating ischemia-, trauma- or ammonia-induced astrocyte swelling/brain edema in mammals. This study aimed to determine the effects of ammonia or terrestrial exposure on ammonia concentrations in the plasma and brain, and the mRNA expression and protein abundance of nkcc/Nkcc in the brain, of the swamp eel Monopterus albus . Ammonia exposure led to a greater increase in the ammonia concentration in the brain of M. albus than terrestrial exposure. The brain ammonia concentration of M. albus reached 4.5 µmol g-1 and 2.7 µmol g-1 after 6 days of exposure to 50 mmol l-1 NH4Cl and terrestrial conditions, respectively. The full cDNA coding sequence of nkcc1b from M. albus brain comprised 3276 bp and coded for 1092 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 119.6 kDa. A molecular characterization indicated that it could be activated through phosphorylation and/or glycosylation by osmotic and/or oxidative stresses. Ammonia exposure for 1 day or 6 days led to significant decreases in the nkcc1b mRNA expression and Nkcc1b protein abundance in the brain of M. albus. In comparison, a significant decrease in nkcc1b mRNA expression was observed in the brain of M. albus only after 6 days of terrestrial exposure, but both 1 day and 6 days of terrestrial exposure resulted in significant decreases in the protein abundance of Nkcc1b. These results are novel because it has been established in mammals that ammonia up-regulates NKCC1 expression in astrocytes and NKCC1 plays an important role in ammonia-induced astrocyte swelling and brain edema. By contrast, our results indicate for the first time that M. albus is able to down-regulate the mRNA and protein expression of nkcc1b/Nkcc1b in the brain when confronted with ammonia toxicity, which could be one of the contributing factors to its extraordinarily high brain ammonia tolerance. PMID:24069137

Genomics of Sponge-Associated Streptomyces spp. Closely Related to Streptomyces albus J1074: Insights into Marine Adaptation and Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis Potential

Science.gov (United States)

Ian, Elena; Malko, Dmitry B.; Sekurova, Olga N.; Bredholt, Harald; Rückert, Christian; Borisova, Marina E.; Albersmeier, Andreas; Kalinowski, Jörn; Gelfand, Mikhail S.; Zotchev, Sergey B.

2014-01-01

A total of 74 actinomycete isolates were cultivated from two marine sponges, Geodia barretti and Phakellia ventilabrum collected at the same spot at the bottom of the Trondheim fjord (Norway). Phylogenetic analyses of sponge-associated actinomycetes based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated the presence of species belonging to the genera Streptomyces, Nocardiopsis, Rhodococcus, Pseudonocardia and Micromonospora. Most isolates required sea water for growth, suggesting them being adapted to the marine environment. Phylogenetic analysis of Streptomyces spp. revealed two isolates that originated from different sponges and had 99.7% identity in their 16S rRNA gene sequences, indicating that they represent very closely related strains. Sequencing, annotation, and analyses of the genomes of these Streptomyces isolates demonstrated that they are sister organisms closely related to terrestrial Streptomyces albus J1074. Unlike S. albus J1074, the two sponge streptomycetes grew and differentiated faster on the medium containing sea water. Comparative genomics revealed several genes presumably responsible for partial marine adaptation of these isolates. Genome mining targeted to secondary metabolite biosynthesis gene clusters identified several of those, which were not present in S. albus J1074, and likely to have been retained from a common ancestor, or acquired from other actinomycetes. Certain genes and gene clusters were shown to be differentially acquired or lost, supporting the hypothesis of divergent evolution of the two Streptomyces species in different sponge hosts. PMID:24819608

Water depth selection during foraging and efficiency in prey capture by the egrets Casmerodius albus and Egretta thula (Aves, Ardeidae in an urban lagoon in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil Seleção de profundidade da água durante o forrageamento e eficiência na captura de presas por Casmerodius albus e Egretta thula (Aves, Ardeidae em uma lagoa urbana no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aline B. Moreno

2005-03-01

Full Text Available This study aimed to evaluate the water depth selection during foraging, the efficiency in prey capture, and the food items captured by Casmerodius albus (Linnaeus, 1758 and Egretta thula (Molina, 1782. The work was conducted at an urban lagoon, Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas, Rio de Janeiro. Four transects were made each month (two in the morning and two in the afternoon for six months. When the birds were detected foraging, the water depth and the types of prey captured were recorded. There was no significant relationship between the foraging efficiencies of the two species. However, they differed in relation to the water depth when foraging, and also in the food items captured. Casmerodius albus captured mainly fishes while Egretta thula captured mainly invertebrates. The results suggest that the differences in water depth when foraging and the food items captured allow a differential use of the food resources available by C. albus and E. thula at Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas.Este estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar a seleção de profundidade durante o forrageamento, a eficiência na captura de presas e os itens alimentares capturados por Casmerodius albus (Linnaeus, 1758 e Egretta thula (Molina, 1782. O trabalho foi realizado em uma lagoa urbana, Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas. Durante seis meses foram realizadas quatro transecções (duas de manhã e duas à tarde. Quando as aves foram avistadas forrageando, foram registradas a profundidade da água e o tipo de presa capturada. Não foi encontrada relação estatisticamente significativa entre a eficiência de forrageamento para as duas espécies de aves. Entretanto, as espécies diferiram significativamente em relação à profundidade da água durante o forrageamento e também em relação aos itens alimentares capturados. Casmerodius albus capturou principalmente peixes, enquanto E. thula capturou principalmente invertebrados. Os resultados sugerem que diferenças na profundidade da água durante o

Isolation and structure elucidation of the nucleoside antibiotic strepturidin from Streptomyces albus DSM 40763.

Science.gov (United States)

Pesic, Alexander; Steinhaus, Britta; Kemper, Sebastian; Nachtigall, Jonny; Kutzner, Hans Jürgen; Höfle, Gerhard; Süssmuth, Roderich D

2014-06-01

The antibiotic strepturidin (1) was isolated from the microorganism Streptomyces albus DSM 40763, and its structure elucidated by spectroscopic methods and chemical degradation studies. The determination of the relative and absolute stereocenters was partially achieved using chiral GC/EI-MS analysis and microderivatization by acetal ring formation and subsequent 2D-NMR analysis of key (1)H,(1)H-NOESY NMR correlations and extraction of (1)H,(13)C coupling constants from (1)H,(13)C-HMBC NMR spectra. Based on these results, a biosynthesis model was proposed.

A guide to the AUS modular neutronics code system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Robinson, G.S.

1987-04-01

A general description is given of the AUS modular neutronics code system, which may be used for calculations of a very wide range of fission reactors, fusion blankets and other neutron applications. The present system has cross-section libraries derived from ENDF/B-IV and includes modules which provide for lattice calculations, one-dimensional transport calculations, and one, two, and three-dimensional diffusion calculations, burnup calculations and the flexible editing of results. Details of all system aspects of AUS are provided but the major individual modules are only outlined. Sufficient information is given to enable other modules to be added to the system

AUS - the Australian modular scheme for reactor neutronics computations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Robinson, G.S.

1975-12-01

A general description is given of the AUS modular scheme for reactor neutronics calculations. The scheme currently includes modules which provide the capacity for lattice calculations, 1D transport calculations, 1 and 2D diffusion calculations (with feedback-free kinetics), and burnup calculations. Details are provided of all system aspects of AUS, but individual modules are only outlined. A complete specification is given of that part of user input which controls the calculation sequence. The report also provides sufficient details of the supervisor program and of the interface data sets to enable additional modules to be incorporated in the scheme. (author)

Nickel-tolerant ectomycorrhizal Pisolithus albus ultramafic ecotype isolated from nickel mines in New Caledonia strongly enhance growth of the host plant Eucalyptus globulus at toxic nickel concentrations.

Science.gov (United States)

Jourand, Philippe; Ducousso, Marc; Reid, Robert; Majorel, Clarisse; Richert, Clément; Riss, Jennifer; Lebrun, Michel

2010-10-01

Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) Pisolithus albus (Cooke & Massee), belonging to the ultramafic ecotype isolated in nickel-rich serpentine soils from New Caledonia (a tropical hotspot of biodiversity) and showing in vitro adaptive nickel tolerance, were inoculated to Eucalyptus globulus Labill used as a Myrtaceae plant-host model to study ectomycorrhizal symbiosis. Plants were then exposed to a nickel (Ni) dose-response experiment with increased Ni treatments up to 60 mg kg( - )(1) soil as extractable Ni content in serpentine soils. Results showed that plants inoculated with ultramafic ECM P. albus were able to tolerate high and toxic concentrations of Ni (up to 60 μg g( - )(1)) while uninoculated controls were not. At the highest Ni concentration tested, root growth was more than 20-fold higher and shoot growth more than 30-fold higher in ECM plants compared with control plants. The improved growth in ECM plants was associated with a 2.4-fold reduction in root Ni concentration but a massive 60-fold reduction in transfer of Ni from root to shoots. In vitro, P. albus strains could withstand high Ni concentrations but accumulated very little Ni in its tissue. The lower Ni uptake by mycorrhizal plants could not be explained by increased release of metal-complexing chelates since these were 5- to 12-fold lower in mycorrhizal plants at high Ni concentrations. It is proposed that the fungal sheath covering the plant roots acts as an effective barrier to limit transfer of Ni from soil into the root tissue. The degree of tolerance conferred by the ultramafic P. albus isolates to growth of the host tree species is considerably greater than previously reported for other ECM. The primary mechanisms underlying this improved growth were identified as reduced Ni uptake into the roots and markedly reduced transfer from root to shoot in mycorrhizal plants. The fact that these positive responses were observed at Ni concentrations commonly observed in serpentinic soils suggests that

Niedermolekulare Verbindungen aus Spinnen als chemische Sensoren

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Olsen, Christian Adam; Kristensen, Anders S.; Strømgaard, Kristian

2011-01-01

sie als Leitstrukturen für die Entwicklung, Synthese und biologische Untersuchung synthetischer Analoga verwendet. Weit weniger erforscht sind hingegen Verbindungen, die der Kommunikation von Spinnen dienen. Vor kurzem wurden jedoch auf dem Gebiet der Pheromone und Allomone aus Spinnen neue...

Ephemeriden aus Java, gesammelt von Edw. Jacobson

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Ulmer, Georg

1913-01-01

Aus Java waren bisher 8 Arten bekannt, nämlich Palingenia javanica Etn., Palingenia tenera Etn., Rhoënanthus speciosus Etn., Thalerosphyrus determinatus Walk. (alle durch Eaton, Rev. Monogr. Ephemeridae, genannt), Compsoneuria spectabilis Etn., Caenis nigropunctata Klap., Pseudocloëon Kraepelini

Zeolithhaltige Katalysatoren für die Nachbehandlung von sauerstoffreichem Abgas aus Verbrennungsmotoren

OpenAIRE

Scharr, Detlef

2007-01-01

Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden neuartige Katalysatoren für die Minderung der Stickoxide in sauerstoffreichem Abgas aus Verbrennungsmotoren untersucht. Als Katalysatoren wurden physikalische Mischungen aus unterschiedlichen Zeolithen und Übergangsmetalloxiden verwendet. Der Zeolith soll die Kohlenwasserstoffe im Abgas zu einem geeigneten Reduktionsmittel aufbereiten, das die Stickoxide am Übergangsmetall wirksam reduziert. Da über das Zusammenwirken der beiden Materialien in der Mischung ...

Science information to support Missouri River Scaphirhynchus albus (pallid sturgeon) effects analysis

Science.gov (United States)

Jacobson, Robert B.; Parsley, Michael J.; Annis, Mandy L.; Colvin, Michael E.; Welker, Timothy L.; James, Daniel A.

2016-01-26

The Missouri River Pallid Sturgeon Effects Analysis (EA) was commissioned by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to develop a foundation of understanding of how pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) population dynamics are linked to management actions in the Missouri River. The EA consists of several steps: (1) development of comprehensive, conceptual ecological models illustrating pallid sturgeon population dynamics and links to management actions and other drivers; (2) compilation and assessment of available scientific literature, databases, and models; (3) development of predictive, quantitative models to explore the system dynamics and population responses to management actions; and (4) analysis and assessment of effects of system operations and actions on species’ habitats and populations. This report addresses the second objective, compilation and assessment of relevant information.

Do rhizospheric processes linked to P nutrition participate in U absorption by Lupinus albus grown in hydroponics?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tailliez, Antoine; Pierrisnard, Sylvie; Camilleri, Virginie; Keller, Catherine; Henner, Pascale

2013-01-01

Phosphate (P) is an essential element for plant development but is generally present in limiting amount in the soil solution. Plant species have developed different mechanisms promoting the solubilization of this element in soils to ensure a sufficient supply for their growth. One of these mechanisms is based on the ability of certain species such as L. albus to exude large amounts of citrate through specific tertiary roots called cluster-roots. Uranium (U) is an ubiquitous contaminant known firstly for its chemical toxicity and secondly for its high affinity for P with which it forms low-soluble complexes in soils. We highlight the effects of P–U interaction on the physiology of L. albus and particularly on citrate exudation, and the impact of this root process on the phytoavailability of U and its accumulation in plants in a hydroponic study. Different levels of P (1 and 100 μM) and U (0 and 20 μM) have been tested. Our results show no toxicity of U on the development of L. albus with an adequate P supply, whereas the effects of P starvation are amplified by the presence of U in the growth medium, except for the production of cluster-roots. Citrate exudation is totally inhibited by U in a low-P environment whereas it increases in the presence of U when its toxicity is lowered by the addition of P. The differences observed in terms of toxicity and accumulation are partly explained by the microphotographs obtained by electron microscopy (TEM-EDX): in the absence of P, U penetrates deep into the roots and causes lethal damages, whereas in presence of P, we observe the formation of U–P complexes which limit the internalization of the pollutant and so its toxicity. -- Highlights: • The behavior of white lupine ±P and ±U exposure is studied in hydroponics. • The toxicity of 20 μM U is the strongest under low-P-condition. • P starvation induces citrate exudation only in P deficient plant not exposed to U. • U promotes exudation of citrate in P

Ärma talu ehitanud Aus Invest müüdi Panama riiulifirmale maha / Kadri Paas

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Paas, Kadri, 1982-

2007-01-01

Ärma talu ehitanud Aus Invest OÜ ei ole maksnud tööde eest kõigile alltöövõtjatele. Proua Evelin Ilvese sõnul on Ermamaa peatöövõtjale kõigi kokkulepitud tööde eest maksnud. 2007. a. mais müüsid Aivar Aus ja Mait Aus Tartu maakohtu registriosakonna andmetel Aus Invest OÜ Panamal registreeritud riiulifirmale Arliana Enterprises Corp. Vt. samas: Nõunik sekkus presidendi teleintervjuusse. Kui telekanali TV3 Lõuna-Eesti reporter Valgamaal visiidil viibivalt Toomas Hendrik Ilveselt ja proua Evelin Ilveselt Ärma talu ehitusega kaasnenud võlgade kohta aru päris, sekkus kõnelusse presidendi avalike suhete nõunik Toomas Sildam. Vt. ka lk. 10: Urmo Soonvald. Ärma triibulised. Ajakirjanik ootab Ärma talu probleemidega seoses suuremat avalikustamist

Novel Bioactive Paulomycin Derivatives Produced by Streptomyces albus J1074

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Jorge Fernández-De la Hoz

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Four novel paulomycin derivatives have been isolated from S. albus J1074 grown in MFE culture medium. These compounds are structural analogs of antibiotics 273a2α and 273a2β containing a thiazole moiety, probably originated through an intramolecular Michael addition. The novel, thiazole, moiety-containing paulomycins show a lower antibiotic activity than paulomycins A and B against Gram-positive bacteria. However, two of them show an improved activity against Gram-negative bacteria. In addition, the four novel compounds are more stable in culture than paulomycins A and B. Thus, the presence of an N-acetyl-l-cysteine moiety linked to the carbon atom of the paulic acid isothiocyanate moiety, via a thioester bond, and the subsequent intramolecular cyclization of the paulic acid to generate a thiazole heterocycle confer to paulomycins a higher structural stability that otherwise will conduce to paulomycin degradation and into inactive paulomenols.

Exploring traditional aus-type rice for metabolites conferring drought tolerance.

Science.gov (United States)

Casartelli, Alberto; Riewe, David; Hubberten, Hans Michael; Altmann, Thomas; Hoefgen, Rainer; Heuer, Sigrid

2018-01-25

Traditional varieties and landraces belonging to the aus-type group of rice (Oryza sativa L.) are known to be highly tolerant to environmental stresses, such as drought and heat, and are therefore recognized as a valuable genetic resource for crop improvement. Using two aus-type (Dular, N22) and two drought intolerant irrigated varieties (IR64, IR74) an untargeted metabolomics analysis was conducted to identify drought-responsive metabolites associated with tolerance. The superior drought tolerance of Dular and N22 compared with the irrigated varieties was confirmed by phenotyping plants grown to maturity after imposing severe drought stress in a dry-down treatment. Dular and N22 did not show a significant reduction in grain yield compared to well-watered control plants, whereas the intolerant varieties showed a significant reduction in both, total spikelet number and grain yield. The metabolomics analysis was conducted with shoot and root samples of plants at the tillering stage at the end of the dry-down treatment. The data revealed an overall higher accumulation of N-rich metabolites (amino acids and nucleotide-related metabolites allantoin and uridine) in shoots of the tolerant varieties. In roots, the aus-type varieties were characterised by a higher reduction of metabolites representative of glycolysis and the TCA cycle, such as malate, glyceric acid and glyceric acid-3-phosphate. On the other hand, the oligosaccharide raffinose showed a higher fold increase in both, shoots and roots of the sensitive genotypes. The data further showed that, for certain drought-responsive metabolites, differences between the contrasting rice varieties were already evident under well-watered control conditions. The drought tolerance-related metabolites identified in the aus-type varieties provide a valuable set of protective compounds and an entry point for assessing genetic diversity in the underlying pathways for developing drought tolerant rice and other crops.

Composition, antibacterial, antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of essential oils from three Origanum species growing wild in Lebanon and Greece.

Science.gov (United States)

Marrelli, Mariangela; Conforti, Filomena; Formisano, Carmen; Rigano, Daniela; Arnold, Nelly Apostolides; Menichini, Francesco; Senatore, Felice

2016-01-01

The essential oils from Origanum dictamnus, Origanum libanoticum and Origanum microphyllum were analysed by GC-MS, finding carvacrol, p-cymene, linalool, γ-terpinene and terpinen-4-ol as major components. The antioxidant activity by the DPPH and FRAP tests and the antiproliferative activity against two human cancer cell lines, LoVo and HepG2, were investigated, showing that the essential oil of O. dictamnus was statistically the most inhibitory on both the cell lines, while all the oils exerted a weak antioxidant activity. Furthermore, the samples were tested against 10 Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria; all the oils were active on Gram-positive bacteria but O. dictamnus essential oil was the most effective (MIC = 25-50 μg/mL), showing also a good activity against the Gram-negative Escherichia coli (MIC = 50 μg/mL). Data suggest that these essential oils and particularly O. dictamnus oil could be used as valuable new flavours with functional properties for food or nutraceutical products.

ANAUSN - a one-dimensional multigroup SN transport theory module for the AUS reactor neutronics system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Clancy, B.E.

1982-05-01

ANAUSN is a general purpose, one-dimensional discrete ordinate transport theory program which has access to AUS datapools. Fixed source, reactivity and a variety of criticality search calculations can be performed. The program can be operated as a module in the AUS scheme or as a stand-alone program

The yeast plasma membrane ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter Aus1: purification, characterization, and the effect of lipids on its activity.

Science.gov (United States)

Marek, Magdalena; Milles, Sigrid; Schreiber, Gabriele; Daleke, David L; Dittmar, Gunnar; Herrmann, Andreas; Müller, Peter; Pomorski, Thomas Günther

2011-06-17

The ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter Aus1 is expressed under anaerobic growth conditions at the plasma membrane of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and is required for sterol uptake. These observations suggest that Aus1 promotes the translocation of sterols across membranes, but the precise transport mechanism has yet to be identified. In this study, an extraction and purification procedure was developed to characterize the Aus1 transporter. The detergent-solubilized protein was able to bind and hydrolyze ATP. Mutagenesis of the conserved lysine to methionine in the Walker A motif abolished ATP hydrolysis. Likewise, ATP hydrolysis was inhibited by classical inhibitors of ABC transporters. Upon reconstitution into proteoliposomes, the ATPase activity of Aus1 was specifically stimulated by phosphatidylserine (PS) in a stereoselective manner. We also found that Aus1-dependent sterol uptake, but not Aus1 expression and trafficking to the plasma membrane, was affected by changes in cellular PS levels. These results suggest a direct interaction between Aus1 and PS that is critical for the activity of the transporter.

Review: Findeisen, Genia: Frauen in Indonesien: Geschlechtergleichheit durch Demokratisierung? Eine Analyse des Demokratisierungsprozesses aus Frauenperspektive (2008 Buchbesprechung: Findeisen, Genia: Frauen in Indonesien: Geschlechtergleichheit durch Demokratisierung? Eine Analyse des Demokratisierungsprozesses aus Frauenperspektive (2008

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carola von der Dick

2009-04-01

Full Text Available Review of the monograph: Findeisen, Genia: Frauen in Indonesien: Geschlechtergleichheit durch Demokratisierung? Eine Analyse des Demokratisierungsprozesses aus Frauenperspektive Wettenberg: Johannes Herrmann J&J Verlag, 2008, ISBN 978-3-937983-11-0, 434 pages Besprechung der Monographie: Findeisen, Genia: Frauen in Indonesien: Geschlechtergleichheit durch Demokratisierung? Eine Analyse des Demokratisierungsprozesses aus Frauenperspektive Wettenberg: Johannes Herrmann J&J Verlag, 2008, ISBN 978-3-937983-11-0, 434 Seiten

Heavy Metals Uptake by Asian Swamp Eel, Monopterus albus from Paddy Fields of Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia: Preliminary Study

OpenAIRE

Yin, Sow Ai; Ismail, Ahmad; Zulkifli, Syaizwan Zahmir

2012-01-01

Swamp eel, Monopterus albus is one of the common fish in paddy fields, thus it is suitable to be a bio-monitor for heavy metals pollution studies in paddy fields. This study was conducted to assess heavy metals levels in swamp eels collected from paddy fields in Kelantan, Malaysia. The results showed zinc [Zn (86.40 μg/g dry weight)] was the highest accumulated metal in the kidney, liver, bone, gill, muscle and skin. Among the selected organs, gill had the highest concentrations of lead (Pb),...

Eine neue Tornaria aus dem Ostindischen Archipel (Tornaria Sunieri)

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Stiasny, G.

1921-01-01

Da aus dem malayischen Archipel durch die Siboga-Monographie Spengels (2) zwar eine Anzahl Enteropneusten, jedoch nur eine einzige Tornaria bekannt worden ist, war anzunehmen, dass noch andere Tornarien in diesem Gebiete nachzuweisen sein würden. Von dieser Erwartung ausgehend wandte ich mich an

AUS module MIRANDA - a data preparation code based on multiregion resonance theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Robinson, G.S.

1977-07-01

MIRANDA is a data preparation module of the AUS reactor neutronics scheme and is used to prepare multigroup cross-section data which are pertinent to a particular reactor system from a general purpose multigroup library of cross sections. The cross-section library has been prepared from ENDF/B and includes temperature dependent data and resonance cross sections represented by subgroup parameters. The MIRANDA module includes a multiregion resonance calculation in slab, cylinder or cluster geometry, a homogeneous Bsub(L) flux solution, and a group condensation facility. Interaction with other AUS modules, particularly for burnup calculations, is provided. (Author)

Nevus blanco esponjoso familiar Family nevus spongiosus albus

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Mônica Andrade Lotufo

2010-06-01

Full Text Available El nevus blanco esponjoso (NBE es una rara condición autosómica dominante, caracterizada por placas blancas bilaterales en la mucosa, de aspecto esponjoso, blandas a la palpación y que pueden escamarse. Los tratamientos son paliativos; y el uso de antibióticos, en especial la tetraciclina, ha demostrando buenos resultados en su control. Este trabajo presenta tres casos clínicos de una familia afectada por NBE, donde se discuten los posibles diagnósticos diferenciales y conductas terapéuticas indicadas. Un paciente masculino de 52 años de edad acudió a la clínica aquejado de lesiones blancas bilaterales. El paciente notó las lesiones 30 años antes, sin lograr un diagnóstico final de las mismas. Después de la anamnesis y del examen clínico fue realizada una biopsia incisional. La reunión de los datos clínicos e histopatológicos llevó al diagnóstico de NBE. Se le solicitó al paciente que indagase entre sus familiares con respecto a lesiones semejantes. Se detectó que el hijo de 19 años y la hija de 25 eran portadores de placas blancas en la mucosa yugal. Como no había afectación estética, se optó por no intervenir en las lesiones. El nevus blanco esponjoso es una lesión genética que debe ser diferenciada de otras patologías localizadas y sistémicas importantes, que tienen repercusiones serias para el individuo. Como no hay un tratamiento curativo para el NBE, el papel del cirujano dentista es diagnosticar esta lesión, aclarar al paciente sobre la naturaleza benigna y autolimitante del NBE y si fuera necesario desde el punto de vista estético, aplicar diferentes modalidades terapéuticas.The aim of present paper is to introduce three clinical cases from a family affected from nevus spongiosus albus (NSA and also to discuss the possible differential diagnoses as well as the therapeutical behaviors to be adopted. Clinical case: A man aged 52 seen in our clinic due to bilateral white lesions noted 30 years ago without

Primeros registros del ibis blanco (Eudocimus albus en el Altiplano de San Luis Potosí, México

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Natalia de Gortari-Ludlow

2012-07-01

Full Text Available Reportamos dos observaciones visuales del ibis blanco (Eudocimus albus de la Laguna de Los Coyotes, un afluente natural del manantial la Media Luna que se localiza en el municipio de Rioverde, San Luis Potosí, México. Los avistamientos ocurrieron en septiembre de 2011 y febrero de 2012. Este es el primer reporte de la presencia de esta ave en dicha localidad, y es importante porque la especie ha sido escasamente encontrada en ambientes no ribereños del Altiplano Mexicano.

Use of vegetation health data for estimation of aus rice yield in bangladesh.

Science.gov (United States)

Rahman, Atiqur; Roytman, Leonid; Krakauer, Nir Y; Nizamuddin, Mohammad; Goldberg, Mitch

2009-01-01

Rice is a vital staple crop for Bangladesh and surrounding countries, with interannual variation in yields depending on climatic conditions. We compared Bangladesh yield of aus rice, one of the main varieties grown, from official agricultural statistics with Vegetation Health (VH) Indices [Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI)] computed from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data covering a period of 15 years (1991-2005). A strong correlation was found between aus rice yield and VCI and VHI during the critical period of aus rice development that occurs during March-April (weeks 8-13 of the year), several months in advance of the rice harvest. Stepwise principal component regression (PCR) was used to construct a model to predict yield as a function of critical-period VHI. The model reduced the yield prediction error variance by 62% compared with a prediction of average yield for each year. Remote sensing is a valuable tool for estimating rice yields well in advance of harvest and at a low cost.

Use of Vegetation Health Data for Estimation of Aus Rice Yield in Bangladesh

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mohammad Nizamuddin

2009-04-01

Full Text Available Rice is a vital staple crop for Bangladesh and surrounding countries, with interannual variation in yields depending on climatic conditions. We compared Bangladesh yield of aus rice, one of the main varieties grown, from official agricultural statistics with Vegetation Health (VH Indices [Vegetation Condition Index (VCI, Temperature Condition Index (TCI and Vegetation Health Index (VHI] computed from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR data covering a period of 15 years (1991–2005. A strong correlation was found between aus rice yield and VCI and VHI during the critical period of aus rice development that occurs during March-April (weeks 8–13 of the year, several months in advance of the rice harvest. Stepwise principal component regression (PCR was used to construct a model to predict yield as a function of critical-period VHI. The model reduced the yield prediction error variance by 62% compared with a prediction of average yield for each year. Remote sensing is a valuable tool for estimating rice yields well in advance of harvest and at a low cost.

AUS, Neutron Transport and Gamma Transport System for Fission Reactors and Fusion Reactors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1990-01-01

1 - Description of program or function: AUS is a neutronics code system which may be used for calculations of a wide range of fission reactors, fusion blankets and other neutron applications. The present version, AUS98, has a nuclear cross section library based on ENDF/B-VI and includes modules which provide for reactor lattice calculations, one-dimensional transport calculations, multi-dimensional diffusion calculations, cell and whole reactor burnup calculations, and flexible editing of results. Calculations of multi-region resonance shielding, coupled neutron and photon transport, energy deposition, fission product inventory and neutron diffusion are combined within the one code system. The major changes from the previous release, AUS87, are the inclusion of a cross-section library based on ENDF/B-VI, the addition of the POW3D multi-dimensional diffusion module, the addition of the MICBURN module for controlling whole reactor burnup calculations, and changes to the system as a consequence of moving from IBM mainframe computers to UNIX workstations. 2 - Method of solution: AUS98 is a modular system in which the modules are complete programs linked by a path given in the input stream. A simple path is simply a sequence of modules, but the path is actually pre-processed and compiled using the Fortran 77 compiler. This provides for complex module linking if required. Some of the modules included in AUS98 are: MIRANDA Cross-section generation in a multi-region resonance subgroup calculation and preliminary group condensation. ANAUSN One-dimensional discrete ordinates calculation. ICPP Isotropic collision probability calculation in one dimension and for rod clusters. POW3D Multi-dimensional neutron diffusion calculation including feedback-free kinetics. AUSIDD One-dimensional diffusion calculation. EDITAR Reaction-rate editing and group collapsing following a transport calculation. CHAR Lattice and global burnup calculation. MICBURN Control of global burnup

EFEITO DO TRATAMENTO TÉRMICO NA DIGESTIBILIDADE, SOLUBILIDADE E ÍNDICE DE ATIVIDADE DE UREASE EM TREMOÇO (LUPINUS ALBUS E LUPINUS ANGUSTIFOLIUS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Márcia Regina Pereira MONTEIRO

2010-12-01

Full Text Available

Entre as diversas leguminosas estudadas, o tremoço é uma fonte de proteína vegetal de grande potencial para uso na alimentação humana. As espécies dessa leguminosa são originárias do Mediterrâneo e da America do Sul e as mais cultivadas são o Lupinus albus (tremoço branco e o Lupinus angustifolius (tremoço azul. Entretanto, existem fatores antinutricionais presentes nessa leguminosa que precisam ser inativados. Essas substâncias interferem negativamente na digestibilidade proteica e um grande conteúdo delas pode implicar em menor biodisponibilidade da proteína. Este trabalho baseia-se na premissa de que o tratamento térmico adequado dado aos grãos de tremoço promove a inativação dos fatores antinutricionais presentes nessa leguminosa, melhorando, assim, sua digestibilidade. Foram aplicados dois tratamentos térmicos de 100oC por 60 minutos e 150oC por 30 minutos nos grãos do tremoço. Os tratamentos térmicos foram efi cazes para inativação da atividade de urease. A solubilidade não apresentou diferença signifi cativa após tratamento térmico, passando de 79% a 75%. A média da digestibilidade verdadeira encontrada para o Lupinus albus foi de 90,89%, enquanto o Lupinus angustifolius foi de 89,3%. Ao comparar as duas digestibilidades, observou-se que a digestibilidade in vivo se mostrou signifi cativamente maior (p<0,05 que a digestibilidade in vitro após aplicação de tratamento térmico par o Lupinus albus. Pode-se concluir que o tratamento térmico foi efi ciente para inibir a atividade da enzima uréase e que o binômio tempo-temperatura utilizado não foi excessivo a ponto de diminuir a solubilidade.

Räumliche Aspekte von Transformationsproblemen aus systemtheoretischer Perspektive

OpenAIRE

Klüter, Helmut

2000-01-01

Der mit dem Topos "Transformation von Wirtschafts- und Gesellschaftssystemen" axiomatisch angenommene Unvereinbarkeit sozialistischer und marktwirtschaftlicher Strukturen ist aus raumwissenschaftlicher Sicht nicht nachvollziehbar. Zum einen gibt es in Wirtschaftsgeographie und Infrastrukturtheorie eine ganze Reihe von Gemeinsamkeiten und Berührungspunkten, die man für den konstruktiven Systemumbau nutzen kann. Zum andern benötigt der Umbau selbst eine räumliche Infrastruktur. Und zum dritten ...

Increased de novo riboflavin synthesis and hydrolysis of FMN are involved in riboflavin secretion from Hyoscyamus albus hairy roots under iron deficiency

OpenAIRE

Higa, Ataru; Khandakar, Jebunnahar; Mori, Yuko; Kitamura, Yoshie

2012-01-01

Riboflavin secretion by Hyoscyamus albus hairy roots under Fe deficiency was examined to determine where riboflavin is produced and whether production occurs via an enhancement of riboflavin biosynthesis or a stimulation of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) hydrolysis. Confocal fluorescent microscopy showed that riboflavin was mainly localized in the epidermis and cortex of the root tip and, at the cellular level, in the apoplast. The expressions of three genes involved in the de novo biosynthesis ...

Internationalität in Gender Studies – Reflexionen aus Indien und der Türkei

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Dörte Segebart

2013-07-01

Full Text Available Der audiovisuelle Beitrag Internationalität in Gender Studies – Reflexionen aus Indien und der Türkei stellt durch die Darstellung sehr persönlicher individueller Sichtweisen und Erfahrungen die Spannbreite von Positionen zum Thema dar. Theoretische Reflexionen werden nicht unbedingt untermauert, aber auch nicht negiert. Der Beitrag will innerhalb des Jahrbuchs daran erinnern, dass hinter den theoretischen Debatten Menschen stehen, die sich miteinander austauschen und auseinandersetzen wollen. Multidirektionale Transfers sind erwünscht sowie eine ständige kritische Auseinandersetzung über das Wie. Duygu Aloglu aus Ankara, Türkei und Lavinia Mawlong aus Shillong und Mumbai, Indien promovieren am Institut für Geographische Wissenschaften an der FU Berlin. Sie sprechen über ihre persönliche Sichtweise auf das Thema Internationalisierung von Gender Studies, fokussieren speziell auf die Situation in der Türkei und in Indien und betten dies in ihren eigenen persönlichen Hintergrund ein. Die Interviews wurden auf Englisch und separat geführt. Sie sind im Film zusammengefügt worden.

EDITAR: a module for reaction rate editing and cross-section averaging within the AUS neutronics code system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Robinson, G.S.

1986-03-01

The EDITAR module of the AUS neutronics code system edits one and two-dimensional flux data pools produced by other AUS modules to form reaction rates for materials and their constituent nuclides, and to average cross sections over space and energy. The module includes a Bsub(L) flux calculation for application to cell leakage. The STATUS data pool of the AUS system is used to enable the 'unsmearing' of fluxes and nuclide editing with minimal user input. The module distinguishes between neutron and photon groups, and printed reaction rates are formed accordingly. Bilinear weighting may be used to obtain material reactivity worths and to average cross sections. Bilinear weighting is at present restricted to diffusion theory leakage estimates made using mesh-average fluxes

Potential of antioxidant and toxicity of some medical plants used by sub-ethnic communities of Bahau in East Kalimantan

Science.gov (United States)

Rohim, P.; Arung, E. T.; Kusuma, I. W.

2018-04-01

The purpose of this research is to assay the potential antioxidant and toxicity of several plants from Bahau, a sub-ethnic in East Kalimantan in regard to their utilization as traditional medicines. This research includes phytochemical analysis, DPPH radical and superoxide radical scavenging activity as well as toxicity assay using Artemiasalina shrimp larvae. The results of the extraction showed the highest yield was 2,91% obtained from avung tanaq (Ficus uncinata), while the lowest is 1.14% obtained from tevoqsalah (Saccharum sp.) species. The result of phytochemicals showed that all plants contain alkaloid and carbohydrate. While carotenoids, saponins, triterpenoids and steroids were absence in all plant extracts. The DPPH radical scavenging activity test showed that the lowest IC50 value of kayog kue (Dictamnus albus) by 23.96 μg/mL. The superoxide radical scavenging activity assay showed IC50 values of all extract samples were >100 μg/mL. The toxicity assay showed that LC50 values of all samples of extract tested were >1000 μg/mL. The present research suggested good potential activity of some plants from Bahau ethnic and further research oriented to wide uses of the plants as herbal products is needed.

Population structure and linkage disequilibrium in Lupinus albus L. germplasm and its implication for association mapping.

Science.gov (United States)

Iqbal, Muhammad Javed; Mamidi, Sujan; Ahsan, Rubina; Kianian, Shahryar F; Coyne, Clarice J; Hamama, Anwar A; Narina, Satya S; Bhardwaj, Harbans L

2012-08-01

White lupin (Lupinus albus L.) has been around since 300 B.C. and is recognized for its ability to grow on poor soils and application as green manure in addition to seed harvest. The seed has very high levels of protein (33-47 %) and oil (6-13 %). It also has many secondary metabolites that are potentially of nutraceutical value to animals and humans. Despite such a great potential, lupins role in modern agriculture began only in the twentieth century. Although a large collection of Lupinus germplasm accessions is available worldwide, rarely have they been genetically characterized. Additionally, scarce genomic resources in terms of recombinant populations and genome information have been generated for L. albus. With the advancement in association mapping methods, the natural populations have the potential to replace the recombinant populations in gene mapping and marker-trait associations. Therefore, we studied the genetic similarity, population structure and marker-trait association in a USDA germplasm collection for their current and future application in this crop improvement. A total of 122 PI (Plant Inventory) lines were screened with 18 AFLP primer pairs that generated 2,277 fragments. A subset of 892 polymorphic markers with MAF >0.05 (minor allele frequency) were used for association mapping. The cluster analysis failed to group accessions on the basis of their passport information, and a weak structure and low linkage disequilibrium (LD) were observed indicating the usefulness of the collection for association mapping. Moreover, we were also able to identify two markers (a p value of 1.53 × 10(-4) and 2.3 × 10(-4)) that explained 22.69 and 20.5 % of seed weight variation determined using R (LR) (2) . The implications of lack of geographic clustering, population structure, low LD and the ability of AFLP to map seed weight trait using association mapping and the usefulness of the PI collections in breeding programs are discussed.

Effect of food matrix and thermal processing on the performance of a normalised quantitative real-time PCR approach for lupine (Lupinus albus) detection as a potential allergenic food.

Science.gov (United States)

Villa, Caterina; Costa, Joana; Gondar, Cristina; Oliveira, M Beatriz P P; Mafra, Isabel

2018-10-01

Lupine is widely used as an ingredient in diverse food products, but it is also a source of allergens. This work aimed at proposing a method to detect/quantify lupine as an allergen in processed foods based on a normalised real-time PCR assay targeting the Lup a 4 allergen-encoding gene of Lupinus albus. Sensitivities down to 0.0005%, 0.01% and 0.05% (w/w) of lupine in rice flour, wheat flour and bread, respectively, and 1 pg of L. albus DNA were obtained, with adequate real-time PCR performance parameters using the ΔCt method. Both food matrix and processing affected negatively the quantitative performance of the assay. The method was successfully validated with blind samples and applied to processed foods. Lupine was estimated between 4.12 and 22.9% in foods, with some results suggesting the common practice of precautionary labelling. In this work, useful and effective tools were proposed for the detection/quantification of lupine in food products. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

371 Exhumierungen : eine Untersuchung aus morphologischer, versicherungsmedizinischer und rechtsmedizinischer Sicht

OpenAIRE

Ulm, Kristin

2008-01-01

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden die Ergebnisse von 371 Exhumierungen aus den Jahren 1967 bis 1998 ausgewertet unter der Fragestellung, ob aussagekräftige morphologische Befunde auch noch nach einer längeren Leichenliegezeit erhoben werden und versicherungsmedizinische Fragen hierdurch beantwortet werden können. Die erhobenen morphologischen Befunde sowohl auf mikroskopischer als auch auf makroskopischer Ebene wurden zu einem Erwartungskatalog zusammengefasst und mit den Ergebnissen der...

A comparison of neutron resonance absorption in thermal reactor lattices in the AUS neutronics code system with Monte Carlo calculations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Robinson, G.S.

1985-08-01

The calculation of resonance shielding by the subgroup method, as incorporated in the MIRANDA module of the AUS neutronics code system, is compared with Monte Carlo calculatons for a number of thermal reactor lattices. For the large range of single rod and rod cluster lattices considered, AUS results for resonance absorption were high by up to two per cent

Studien zur Messung von Rekonstruktionseffizienz und Untergrund der $\\tau$-Lepton-Identifikation im Zerfall $Z\\to \\tau \\tau$ beim ATLAS-Experiment aus Daten

CERN Document Server

Johnert, Sebastian

2008-01-01

In dieser Diplomarbeit werden zwei Methoden vorgestellt, mit denen τ -Leptonen in den zuk ̈nf- u tigen Daten des ATLAS-Experiments untersucht werden sollen. Den ersten Teil bildet die Be- stimmung von Missidentifikationsraten von Jets aus QCD-2-Jet-Ereignissen als τ -Leptonen. Der zweite Teil ist die Entwicklung einer Methode zur Bestimmung der τ -Rekonstruktions- und -Identifikationseffizienz relativ zur μ-Effizienz. In diesem Zusammenhang werden invariante Massen aus Z → ll-Ereignissen bestimmt, die Massen aus Z → τ τ -Ereignissen mit denen aus Z → ee und Z → μμ verglichen, τ -Effizienzen gemittelt uber alle Bereiche und in verschiedenen ̈ o η-Bereichen berechnet sowie eine M ̈glichkeit zur Bestimmung von τ -Effizienzen in unterschied- lichen Transversalimpulsbereichen vorgestellt. Des Weiteren wird eine verbesserte Absch ̈tzung a des QCD-Untergrunds vorgenommen und das Verhalten der τ -Effizienz unter Ber ̈cksichtigung u des Triggers untersucht.

High-performance GFRP materials with glass fibre prepregs; Hochleistungs-Faserverbundwerkstoffe aus UD-Gelegeprepregs

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Prause, J.P. [Schichtstoff-Technik, Arnsberg (Germany); Schroeder, K.F. [Wissenschaftliche Verlagsanstalt, Mettmann (Germany)

1999-07-01

The US 3M Company is the producer of the 'Scotchply' glass fibre prepreg which results in materials that can withstand higher dynamic loads than conventional glass fibre reinforced plastics. The new materials are used, e.g., for leaf spring construction. The fatigue characteristics of GFRP leaf springs were discussed at the DGM 'Verbundwerkstoffe und Werkstoffverbunde' conference at Kaiserslauter in September 1997. This contribution presents tools for the engineer for calculation of leaf springs in consideration of the expected loads. [German] Bereits frueher konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass mit Glasgarngelegen verstaerkte Kunststoffe dynamisch hoeher beansprucht werden koennen als gleichartige Konstruktionen mit Glasgewebeverstaerkung. Dieser Vorteil wird in der industriellen Praxis genutzt, um den breiten Einsatzbereich von Blattfedern aus Stahl durch solche aus Faserverbundwerkstoffen zu erweitern. Mit Glasfasern verstaerkte Kunststoffe (GFK) sind seit Jahren Stand der Technik. Die Verarbeitung als Gelegeprepreg hat sich oekonomisch und oekologisch als eine guenstige Technologie bewaehrt. Die Prepregs werden im Wickelverfahren in die endgueltige Form gebracht oder zu Platten verpresst, aus denen die gewuenschten Werkstuecke mechanisch herausgearbeitet werden. Eine ideale Ausnutzung aller in UD-Gelegen vorgegebenen Eigenschaften ist die Form der Blattfeder. Werkstoff und Geometrie koennen optimal an die Belastung angepasst werden. Ueber die Ermuedungsfestigkeit von GFK-Blattfedern wurde waehrend der Vortragstagung der DGM 'Verbundwerkstoffe und Werkstoffverbunde' im September 1997 in Kaiserslautern eingehend berichtet. Mit dieser Veroeffentlichung soll dem Ingenieur eine Hilfe gegeben werden, solche Blattfedern entsprechend der spaeteren Beanspruchung zu berechnen. (orig.)

Isolation of heat-tolerant myoglobin from Asian swamp eel Monopterus albus.

Science.gov (United States)

Chotichayapong, Chatrachatchaya; Wiengsamut, Kittipong; Chanthai, Saksit; Sattayasai, Nison; Tamiya, Toru; Kanzawa, Nobuyuki; Tsuchiya, Takahide

2012-10-01

Myoglobin from Asian swamp eel Monopterus albus was purified from fish muscle using salt fractionation followed by column chromatography and molecular filtration. The purified Mb of 0.68 mg/g wet weight of muscle was determined for its molecular mass by MALDI-TOF-MS to be 15,525.18 Da. Using isoelectric focusing technique, the purified Mb showed two derivatives with pI of 6.40 and 7.12. Six peptide fragments of this protein identified by LC-MS/MS were homologous to Mbs of sea raven Hemitripterus americanus, yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacores, blue marlin Makaira nigicans, common carp Cyprinus carpio, and goldfish Carassius auratus. According to the Mb denaturation, the swamp eel Mb had thermal stability higher than walking catfish Clarias batrachus Mb and striped catfish Pangasius hypophthalmus Mb, between 30 and 60 (°)C. For the thermal stability of Mb, the swamp eel Mb showed a biphasic behavior due to the O(2) dissociation and the heme orientation disorder, with the lowest increase in both Kd(f) and Kd(s). The thermal sensitivity of swamp eel Mb was lower than those of the other Mbs for both of fast and slow reaction stages. These results suggest that the swamp eel Mb globin structure is thermally stable, which is consistent with heat-tolerant behavior of the swamp eel particularly in drought habitat.

Chemical and nutritional changes in bitter and sweet lupin seeds (Lupinus albus L.) during bulgur production.

Science.gov (United States)

Yorgancilar, Mustafa; Bilgiçli, Nermin

2014-07-01

In this research, bitter and sweet Lupin (Lupinus albus L.) seeds were used in bulgur production. The proximate chemical compositions and the contents of phytic acid, mineral, amino acid and fatty acid of raw material and processed lupin seeds as bulgur were determined. The sensory properties of bulgur samples were also researched. Bulgur process decreased ash, fat and phytic acid content of lupin seeds while significant increase (p sweet lupin bulgurs were found as 18.8% and 21.3%, respectively. Generally sweet lupin seeds/bulgurs showed rich essential amino acids composition than that of bitter seeds/bulgurs. Linoleic and linolenic acid content of the lupin was negatively affected by bulgur process. Bitter lupin bulgur received lower scores in terms of taste, odor and overall acceptability than sweet lupin bulgur in sensory evaluation. Sweet lupin bulgur can be used as new legume-based product with high nutritional and sensorial properties.

Molecular Modeling and MM-PBSA Free Energy Analysis of Endo-1,4-β-Xylanase from Ruminococcus albus 8

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dongling Zhan

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Endo-1,4-β-xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8 is the enzyme from Ruminococcus albus 8 (R. albus 8 (Xyn10A, and catalyzes the degradation of arabinoxylan, which is a major cell wall non-starch polysaccharide of cereals. The crystallographic structure of Xyn10A is still unknown. For this reason, we report a computer-assisted homology study conducted to build its three-dimensional structure based on the known sequence of amino acids of this enzyme. In this study, the best similarity was found with the Clostridium thermocellum (C. thermocellum N-terminal endo-1,4-β-d-xylanase 10 b. Following the 100 ns molecular dynamics (MD simulation, a reliable model was obtained for further studies. Molecular Mechanics/Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area (MM-PBSA methods were used for the substrate xylotetraose having the reactive sugar, which was bound in the −1 subsite of Xyn10A in the 4C1 (chair and 2SO (skew boat ground state conformations. According to the simulations and free energy analysis, Xyn10A binds the substrate with the −1 sugar in the 2SO conformation 39.27 kcal·mol−1 tighter than the substrate with the sugar in the 4C1 conformation. According to the Xyn10A-2SO Xylotetraose (X4(sb interaction energies, the most important subsite for the substrate binding is subsite −1. The results of this study indicate that the substrate is bound in a skew boat conformation with Xyn10A and the −1 sugar subsite proceeds from the 4C1 conformation through 2SO to the transition state. MM-PBSA free energy analysis indicates that Asn187 and Trp344 in subsite −1 may an important residue for substrate binding. Our findings provide fundamental knowledge that may contribute to further enhancement of enzyme performance through molecular engineering.

Zusammenarbeit aus Sicht eines outgesourcten Instandhalters

Science.gov (United States)

Grüßer, Stefan; Loeven, Heinz-Wilhelm

Dauerhafter Unternehmenserfolg ist nur mit einer fortschrittlichen Instandhaltung zu erzielen. Durch den enormen Kostendruck infolge der Globalisierung und die Innovationssprünge auf der technischen Seite wird auch die Frage nach der modernen Organisationsform für die Instandhaltung gestellt. Eine Möglichkeit der Kostenoptimierung ist das Outsourcing von Instandhaltungsleistungen. Hierbei ist es unerlässlich, dass sich die Mitarbeiter zum Dienstleister entwickeln. In diesem Beitrag wird die Entwicklung der InfraServ Knapsack von einer internen Instandhaltungsabteilung hin zu einem Industriellen Dienstleister beschrieben und Aspekte der Zusammenarbeit mit externen Kunden aus der Sicht des outgesourcten Instandhalters geschildert. Es werden die wichtigen Entwicklungsschritte zur Dienstleistungsorientierung der früheren Eigeninstandhaltung aufgezeigt. Dieser Beitrag ist nicht als "Königsweg“ zu verstehen, er soll vielmehr anhand der Erfahrungen einer outgesourcten Eigeninstandhaltung Anregungen für die Entwicklung der eigenen Instandhaltungsorganisation liefern.

ICPP - a collision probability module for the AUS neutronics code system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Robinson, G.S.

1985-10-01

The isotropic collision probability program (ICPP) is a module of the AUS neutronics code system which calculates first flight collision probabilities for neutrons in one-dimensional geometries and in clusters of rods. Neutron sources, including scattering, are assumed to be isotropic and to be spatially flat within each mesh interval. The module solves the multigroup collision probability equations for eigenvalue or fixed source problems

Reproductive cycle of Loxechinus albus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea in two areas of the Magellan Region (53ºS, 70-72ºW, Chile

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sylvia T. Oyarzún

1999-12-01

Full Text Available The reproductive cycle of the Chilean edible sea urchin, Loxechinus albus, was studied in two areas of the Magellan region, the Cockburn Channel (53°43´S, 70°42´W and Dawson Island (53°43´S, 72°00´W. Eleven monthly samplings were carried out from April 1996 to May 1997 in each area and samples of between 88 and 100 organisms were collected. Test diameter, total wet weight, and wet gonad weight was measured for each organism. Sex, gonad index, maturity index and gametogenic condition were estimated for each organism through histological analyses. The results indicate that L. albus in the Magellan region has an annual reproductive cycle in which the temporal sequence of different gametogenic processes can not be distinguished accurately due to the rapid and continuous gonadal recovery and gamete production after the spawning period. Although mature organisms were present most of the year, simultaneous spawning of males and females occurred from August to September in Dawson Island and from July to September in the Cockburn Channel. Gametes of those organisms that became mature after the spawning period were resorbed by nutritive phagocytes. Results from this study suggest that small-scale variability of spawning period in the Magellan region may be explained by the differences in food type and availability among areas. Our results also suggest that the Magellan region is an exception to the latitudinal pattern of spawning period reported for most of the Chilean coast. This large-scale variability may be explained by the simultaneous occurrence of low temperatures and short days during late winter and early spring.

Energy from biomass. Teaching material; Energie aus Biomasse. Ein Lehrmaterial

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2002-04-01

The textbook discusses the available options for power and heat generation from biomass as well as the limits of biomass-based power supply. The main obstacle apart from the high cost is a lack of knowledge, which the book intends to remedy. It addresses students of agriculture, forestry, environmental engineering, heating systems engineering and apprentice chimney sweepers, but it will also be useful to all other interested readers. [German] Biomasse kann aufgrund seiner vielfaeltigen Erscheinungs- und Umwandlungsformen sowohl als Brennstoff zur Waerme- und Stromgewinnung oder als Treibstoff eingesetzt werden. Die energetische Nutzung von Biomasse birgt zudem nicht zu verachtende Vorteile. Zum einen wegen des Beitrags zum Klimaschutz aufgrund der CO{sub 2}-Neutralitaet oder einfach, weil Biomasse immer wieder nachwaechst und von fossilen Ressourcen unabhaengig macht. All den bisher erschlossenen Moeglichkeiten der energetischen Nutzung von Biomasse moechte dieses Lehrbuch Rechnung tragen. Es zeigt aber auch die Grenzen auf, die mit der Energieversorgung durch Bioenergie einhergehen. Hohe Kosten und ein erhebliches Informationsdefizit behinderten bisher eine verstaerkte Nutzung dieses Energietraeges. Letzterem soll dieses Lehrbuch entgegenwirken. Das vorliegende Lehrbuch wurde fuer die Aus- und Weiterbildung erstellt. Es richtet sich vor allem an angehende Land- und Forstwirte, Umwelttechniker, Heizungsbauer und Schornsteinfeger, ist aber auch fuer all diejenigen interessant, die das Thema ''Energie aus Biomasse'' verstehen und ueberblicken moechten. (orig.)

AUS diffusion module POW checkout - 1- and 2-dimensional kinetics calculations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pollard, J.P.

1977-01-01

POW is the diffusion module 'workhorse' of the AUS reactor neutronics modular code system; its steady state calculations have been checked out against other diffusion codes (particularly CRAM and GOG). Checkout of kinetic aspects, however, is difficult as kinetic codes are not freely available. In this report POW has been checked against three benchmark calculations as well as a calculation on the 100 KW Argonaut reactor Moata. (author)

Transcript and proteomic analysis of developing white lupin (Lupinus albus L. roots

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Watson Bonnie

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background White lupin (Lupinus albus L. roots efficiently take up and accumulate (heavy metals, adapt to phosphate deficiency by forming cluster roots, and secrete antimicrobial prenylated isoflavones during development. Genomic and proteomic approaches were applied to identify candidate genes and proteins involved in antimicrobial defense and (heavy metal uptake and translocation. Results A cDNA library was constructed from roots of white lupin seedlings. Eight thousand clones were randomly sequenced and assembled into 2,455 unigenes, which were annotated based on homologous matches in the NCBInr protein database. A reference map of developing white lupin root proteins was established through 2-D gel electrophoresis and peptide mass fingerprinting. High quality peptide mass spectra were obtained for 170 proteins. Microsomal membrane proteins were separated by 1-D gel electrophoresis and identified by LC-MS/MS. A total of 74 proteins were putatively identified by the peptide mass fingerprinting and the LC-MS/MS methods. Genomic and proteomic analyses identified candidate genes and proteins encoding metal binding and/or transport proteins, transcription factors, ABC transporters and phenylpropanoid biosynthetic enzymes. Conclusion The combined EST and protein datasets will facilitate the understanding of white lupin's response to biotic and abiotic stresses and its utility for phytoremediation. The root ESTs provided 82 perfect simple sequence repeat (SSR markers with potential utility in breeding white lupin for enhanced agronomic traits.

Diagnostic Thyroidectomy May Be Preferable in Patients With Suspicious Ultrasonography Features After Cytopathology Diagnosis of AUS/FLUS in the Bethesda System

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Yong Sang; Kim, Hyeung Kyoo; Chang, Hojin; Kim, Seok Mo; Kim, Bup-Woo; Chang, Hang-Seok; Park, Cheong Soo

2015-01-01

Abstract Atypia/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) is a new category in the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (BSRTC) for which repeat fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is recommended. The aim of this study was to identify specific ultrasonography and clinical predictors of malignancy in a subset of thyroid nodules associated with cytology diagnoses of AUS/FLUS. Between January 2011 and December 2102, 5440 patients underwent thyroid surgery at our institution. Of these, 213 patients were diagnosed AUS/FLUS at the preoperative cytopathology diagnosis. The frequency of FNAC and ultrasonography images was compared between patients with cancerous and benign tumors based on their final pathology. Of the 213 patients, 158 (74.2%) were diagnosed with thyroid carcinoma in their final pathology reports. In univariate and multivariate analyses, the frequency of FNAC was not significantly correlated with the cancer diagnosis. Hypoechogenicity (odds ratio 2.521, P = 0.007) and microcalcification (odds ratio 3.247, P = 0.005) were statistically correlated with cancer risk. Although AUS/FLUS in cytopathology is recommended for repeating FNAC in BSRTC, we proposed that thyroid nodules with ultrasonography findings that suggest the possibility of cancer should undergo thyroidectomy with diagnostic intent. PMID:26705204

Nanostrukturierte Filme aus anorganisch-organischen Hybridmaterialien für die Photovoltaik

OpenAIRE

Perlich, Jan

2009-01-01

Es wurden nanostrukturierte dünne Filme aus kristallinem TiO2 für Anwendungen in der Photovoltaik untersucht. Die Herstellung der dünnen Filme basiert auf einem Hybridansatz. Das über eine Sol-Gel-Synthese bereitgestellte anorganische Metalloxid wird durch die Templateigenschaften des eingesetzten organischen Diblockcopolymers strukturiert. Über die Filmaufbringung mittels Schleuderbeschichtung wurden zunächst Hybridfilme hergestellt, die durch Kalzinierung in kristalline TiO2-Filme mit maßge...

Risiko Energiewende Wege aus der Sackgasse

CERN Document Server

Kleinknecht, Konrad

2015-01-01

Der Ausstieg aus der Nutzung der Kernenergie in Deutschland wurde im Sommer 2011 im Eiltempo beschlossen. Jetzt zeigt sich, dass es keinen realistischen Plan für den Umbau der Energieversorgung in der vorgesehenen Frist von zehn Jahren gibt. Für die Umstellung unserer gesamten Stromversorgung und damit unserer Wirtschaft ist der Zeitraum zu kurz. Es fehlt eine belastbare empirische Begründung, die Fragen der Versorgungssicherheit, der Finanzierbarkeit, der Auswirkungen auf die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung und die soziale Gerechtigkeit behandeln müsste. Somit droht diese Wende an ihren Widersprüchen zu scheitern. Konrad Kleinknecht versucht in seinem Buch, die Probleme zu benennen und Antworten zu finden. Für ihn stellen sich die folgenden Fragen: Welche Möglichkeit haben wir, mit Windkraft und Solarenergie einen Teil der Stromversorgung zu ersetzen? Welche Stromquellen bieten gesicherte Leistung? Können wir auf Kohlekraftwerke verzichten? Brauchen wir neue Stromtrassen? Wie lässt sich Strom speichern?...

Using NOAA/AVHRR based remote sensing data and PCR method for estimation of Aus rice yield in Bangladesh

Science.gov (United States)

Nizamuddin, Mohammad; Akhand, Kawsar; Roytman, Leonid; Kogan, Felix; Goldberg, Mitch

2015-06-01

Rice is a dominant food crop of Bangladesh accounting about 75 percent of agricultural land use for rice cultivation and currently Bangladesh is the world's fourth largest rice producing country. Rice provides about two-third of total calorie supply and about one-half of the agricultural GDP and one-sixth of the national income in Bangladesh. Aus is one of the main rice varieties in Bangladesh. Crop production, especially rice, the main food staple, is the most susceptible to climate change and variability. Any change in climate will, thus, increase uncertainty regarding rice production as climate is major cause year-to-year variability in rice productivity. This paper shows the application of remote sensing data for estimating Aus rice yield in Bangladesh using official statistics of rice yield with real time acquired satellite data from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sensor and Principal Component Regression (PCR) method was used to construct a model. The simulated result was compared with official agricultural statistics showing that the error of estimation of Aus rice yield was less than 10%. Remote sensing, therefore, is a valuable tool for estimating crop yields well in advance of harvest, and at a low cost.

Mikrobiologische und biochemische Analyse der Fermentationseigenschaften von Lactobacillus paralimentarius AL28 und Lactobacillus plantarum AL30 in Sauerteigen aus Pseudozerealien

OpenAIRE

Vogel, Antje

2011-01-01

Pseudozerealien besitzen kein Gluten und sind daher für Menschen mit Zöliakie von Bedeutung. Es gibt derzeit keine kommerziell erhältlichen Starterkulturen für Sauerteige aus Pseudozerealien. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden die Stämme L. paralimentarius AL28 und L. plantarum AL30 in ihrer Eignung als Starterkulturen für Sauerteige aus Pseudozerealien evaluiert. In den Analysen wurden Amaranth und Buchweizen eingesetzt. Die Teige wurden im Labormaßstab bei 30°C und einer Teigausbeute 200...

Solar Thermal Power Generation 2000: solar-assisted district heating, tight sealing of pit water storage tanks made out of pre-stressed concrete; Solarthermie 2000, TP3: Solarunterstuetzte Nahwaermeversorgung: Dichte Heisswasser - Waermespeicher aus Hochleistungsbeton. Erdbeckenspeicher aus Hochleistungsbeton

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Reineck, K.H.; Lichtenfels, A.; Schlaich, J. [Stuttgart Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Konstruktion und Entwurf 2

1998-12-31

In 1996 the two large heat storage tanks in Hamburg-Bramfeld (4,750 cubic metres) and Friedrichshafen-Wiggenhausen (12,000 cubic metres) were built out of concrete with an inner stainless steel lining. This was a big step towards economic efficiency. The research project ``Tight sealing of pit water storage tanks made out of pre-stressed concrete`` was launched by the BMBF in order to show that the concrete construction will not only bear loads but also ensure sealing. Building costs for underground hot water storage tanks could then be reduced by at least 25%. The first results of this research project are presented. The paper also contains recommendations for the further development of heat storage tanks built with pre-stressed concrete. (orig.) [Deutsch] Im Jahre 1996 wurden die beiden grossen Waermespeicher in Hamburg-Bramfeld mit einem Volumen von 4.750 m{sup 3} und in Friedrichshafen-Wiggenhausen mit 12.000 m{sup 3} aus Beton mit innenliegender Edelstahlauskleidung fertiggestellt. Mit dem Bau dieser beiden Grossspeicher konnte ein richtungsweisender Schritt hin zur Wirtschaftlichkeit gemacht werden, wie man es in Studien vor 15 Jahren nicht fuer moeglich hielt. Mit dem BMBF - Forschungsvorhaben `Dichte Heisswasser - Waermespeicher aus Hochleistungsbeton` soll gezeigt werden, dass das Betontragwerk nicht nur Lasten abtragen sondern auch die Funktion der Abdichtung uebernehmen kann. Damit sollen die Baukosten fuer unterirdische Heisswasser-Waermespeicher um mindestens 25% gesenkt werden. Es werden die ersten Ergebnisse dieses Forschungsvorhabens mitgeteilt und Empfehlungen fuer die weitere Entwicklung von Waermespeichern aus Hochleistungsbeton gegeben. (orig.)

Der Zusammenhang von Partnermarktopportunitäten aus dem Freundeskreis und der Stabilität von Paarbeziehungen : Eine Analyse mit den Daten des Partnermarktsurvey

OpenAIRE

Häring, Armando

2014-01-01

"Der Beitrag analysiert den Zusammenhang zwischen Partnermarktoportunitäten aus dem Freundeskreis und der Stabilität von Paarbeziehungen. Unter Verwendung des theoretischen Konzepts der Theorie der Interaktionsgelegenheiten sowie von Annahmen der Austauschtheorie und der Familienökonomie, werden mögliche Zusammenhänge zwischen gemeinsamen Freundeskreisen mit dem Partner, Partnermarktgelegenheiten aus dem Freundeskreis (sex ratio) und der Stabilität von Paarbeziehungen diskutiert. Der Beitrag ...

Possible emissions from electricity generation from geothermal energy; Moegliche Emissionen bei der Stromerzeugung aus Geothermie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Heberle, Florian; Bruggemann, Dieter [Bayreuth Univ. (Germany). Lehrstuhl fuer Technische Thermodynamik und Transportprozesse (LTTT)

2013-03-15

Electricity from geothermal energy in the low temperature range can be efficiently recovered if power plant processes are used with organic working fluids. It is inevitable that a small part of the sometimes harmful fluids leaking from the plant - a conflict in the development of climate-friendly renewable energy actually. A short report of the Centre for Energy Technology at the University of Bayreuth, on behalf of UBA quantifies the emissions of fluorinated hydrocarbons for different development scenarios and emission rates. [German] Strom aus Erdwaerme im Niedertemperaturbereich kann effizient gewonnen werden, wenn Kraftwerksprozesse mit organischen Arbeitsmedien einsetzt werden. Dabei ist es nicht zu vermeiden, dass ein kleiner Teil der mitunter klimaschaedlichen Fluide, aus den Anlagen entweicht - ein Zielkonflikt beim Ausbau der eigentlich klimaschonenden erneuerbaren Energie. Ein Kurzgutachten des Zentrums fuer Energietechnik der Universitaet Bayreuth im Auftrag des UBA quantifiziert die Emissionen fluorierter Kohlenwasserstoffe fuer verschiedene Ausbauszenarien und Emissionsraten.

Sich selbst und den anderen aus einer asymmetrischen Position verstehen – Die Kunst der Unterscheidung

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marek Čikel

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Sich selbst und den Anderen zu kennen setzt immer eine asymmetrische Position voraus. Die Person ist darauf gestellt, diese Leistung aus einer Position durchzuführen, die keine klare Orientierung ermöglicht und unsere derzeitigen Dispositionen beträchtlich übersteigt. Dem Menschen wird schließlich immer so viel gezeigt, damit er weiß und sieht, aber nicht so klar, damit er auch versteht. Die Art und Weise, in welcher eine Person mit sich selbst, mit dem Zorn, der Frustration, den Leidenschaften, der Sprache umgeht, vermittelt Informationen über individuelle Regungen der Seele, über Bewältigungsmechanismen. Man kann sie für eine gewisse Hilfestellung der Sprache selbst halten. Aber das Verständnis dieser Hilfestellung und des Ratschlags nur im Verhältnis zu sich selbst wäre zu eng. Wir wollen oder bekommen oft Ratschläge, die andere betreffen, aber wir müssen sie „aus sich selbst“ lösen. Und gerade aus sich selbst sollen wir fragen und sprechen. Im Augenblick, wenn diese Tiefe des Sprechens und Hörens erreicht wird, eröffnet sich die Möglichkeit, mit sich selbst und mit dem Anderen zu sein. Es ist jedoch zugleich ein Augenblick des Kampfes, der sich am Hintergrund des Gehörten konstituiert, das am Anfang oft als etwas Unverständliches erscheint oder das durch Vorstellungen und Schmerzen gestört wird. Die Antwort auf diesen Kampf ist die Kunst der Unterscheidung.

Cyber-Security aus ordnungspolitischer Sicht: Verfügungsrechte, Wettbewerb und Nudges

OpenAIRE

Dold, Malte; Krieger, Tim

2017-01-01

Cyber-Security ist aus ökonomischer Sicht vor allem eine Frage fehlgeleiteter Anreize. Wenn Marktakteure nicht die vollen Kosten ihres informationstechnologischen Handelns tragen, führt dies zu ineffizienten Märkten. Ein Grund für die geringen Investitionen in Cyber-Security dürfte in fehlenden Verfügungsrechten an den eigenen Daten im Internet liegen. Darüber hinaus müsste das Wettbewerbsrecht ausgeweitet werden, um eine Machtkonzentration auf Anbieterseite zu verhindern und ein Mindestmaß a...

Ausência de expectativa de suporte para o cuidado aos idosos da comunidade

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Déborah Cristina de Oliveira

2016-06-01

Full Text Available RESUMO Objetivo: identificar fatores associados à ausência de expectativa de suporte para o cuidado aos idosos da comunidade. Método: foram utilizados parte dos dados do estudo multicêntrico "Fragilidade em Idosos Brasileiros", pesquisa quantitativa, epidemiológica e transversal desenvolvida no período de 2008 a 2009. Foram realizadas análises de comparação e regressão dos dados de 671 idosos. Resultados: a avaliação da expectativa de suporte para o cuidado aos idosos mostrou-se um bom indicador de risco para ausência de expectativa de suporte em mulheres, idosos que residiam sozinhos e com percepção ruim da própria saúde. Conclusão: conclui-se que é preciso refletir sobre o sistema de suporte oferecido aos idosos no Brasil, visto que o perfil destes que estão em risco é cada vez maior na população. Ressalta-se também a importância da inserção de métodos subjetivos para avaliação da percepção dos idosos sobre suporte para o cuidado.

Das Archiv der Familie Szwojnicki aus Borkłojnie

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andrzej Mycio

2017-11-01

Full Text Available 2004 erwarb die Universitätsbibliothek in Thorn einen kleinen Bestand, das Privatarchiv der Familie Szwojnicki, die bis zum Zweiten Weltkrieg ihre Landgüter in Borkłojnie in der Republik Litauen inne hatte. Die von den nacheinander folgenden Familienvertretern gesammelten Materialien, die sich bis zum heutigen Tag bewährten, erlauben die wichtigsten Schicksale dieser Familie wiederherzustellen. Die Szwojnickis waren eine Familie der Landesbeamten. Im 19. Jahrhundert waren ihre Landgüter in Borkłojnie ein Hort, wo die polnischen Truppen während des Januaraufstandes unterstützt, geschützt und versorgt wurden. Die Landgüter wurden von 1897 bis zum Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges von Zygmunt Szwojnicki verwaltet. In der Zwischenkriegszeit bemühte er sich aktiv um die Bewahrung der nationalen Identität der in der Republik Litauen lebenden Polen. 1946 wurde er zusammen mit anderen Polen in den polnischen Staat umgesiedelt. Das ganze Familienarchiv Szwojnickis ist einer der kleineren Archivbestände, die in der Universitätsbibliothek in Thorn aufbewahrt werden. Dazu gehörten insgesamt 12 Inventareinheiten. Das älteste Dokument in diesem Bestand stammt aus dem Jahr 1531, das jüngste aus dem Jahr 1946. Die erhaltenen Archivalien entstanden also innerhalb von über 400 Jahren. Sie schildern die Schicksale der Familie Szwojnicki und ihrer Landgüter in Borkłojnie. Der Archivbestand der Familie Szwojnicki ist ein typisches Beispiel von Familienakten des nicht so wohlhabenden polnischen Adels, der die Gebiete Litauens bewohnte. Es bewährten sich vor allem die Urkunden, die von den Ansprüchen der Familie auf den Adelstitel sowie auf die Landgüter zeugen, darüber hinaus: Matrikelakten, Testamente, Finanzurkunden sowie biografische Materialien in Bezug auf den letzten Eigentümer Zygmunt Szwojnicki.

Macromolecular composition of phloem exudate from white lupin (Lupinus albus L.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mann Anthea J

2011-02-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Members of the legume genus Lupinus exude phloem 'spontaneously' from incisions made to the vasculature. This feature was exploited to document macromolecules present in exudate of white lupin (Lupinus albus [L.] cv Kiev mutant, in particular to identify proteins and RNA molecules, including microRNA (miRNA. Results Proteomic analysis tentatively identified 86 proteins from 130 spots collected from 2D gels analysed by partial amino acid sequence determination using MS/MS. Analysis of a cDNA library constructed from exudate identified 609 unique transcripts. Both proteins and transcripts were classified into functional groups. The largest group of proteins comprised those involved in metabolism (24%, followed by protein modification/turnover (9%, redox regulation (8%, cell structural components (6%, stress and defence response (6% with fewer in other groups. More prominent proteins were cyclophilin, ubiquitin, a glycine-rich RNA-binding protein, a group of proteins that comprise a glutathione/ascorbate-based mechanism to scavenge oxygen radicals, enzymes of glycolysis and other metabolism including methionine and ethylene synthesis. Potential signalling macromolecules such as transcripts encoding proteins mediating calcium level and the Flowering locus T (FT protein were also identified. From around 330 small RNA clones (18-25 nt 12 were identified as probable miRNAs by homology with those from other species. miRNA composition of exudate varied with site of collection (e.g. upward versus downward translocation streams and nutrition (e.g. phosphorus level. Conclusions This is the first inventory of macromolecule composition of phloem exudate from a species in the Fabaceae, providing a basis to identify systemic signalling macromolecules with potential roles in regulating development, growth and stress response of legumes.

Annual report 1999 of the air pollution monitoring network of the German Federal Environmental Agency; Jahresbericht 1999 aus dem Messnetz des Umweltbundesamtes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Beilke, S.; Uhse, K. [comps.

2000-12-01

In this annual report the results of the air pollution monitoring network of the German Federal Environmental Agency (FEA) are presented for the year 1999. The network consists of 23 stations (9 stations with personnel and 14 automatically working container stations) which are situated in rural areas. As the data set was thoroughly quality controlled reliable statements on trends can be made. (orig.) [German] Im vorliegenden Jahresbericht werden die Ergebnisse aus dem Messnetz des Umweltbundesamtes fuer das Jahr 1999 vorgestellt, interpretiert und mit den Messungen aus frueheren Jahren verglichen. Das UBA-Messnetz besteht heute aus insgesamt 23 in laendlichen Regionen gelegenen Stationen, wovon 9 Messstellen personell besetzt und 14 automatisch arbeitende Containerstationen sind. Die Datensaetze sind in sich homogen, d.h. es wurden im Verlauf der Jahre keine gravierenden Veraenderungen an den Messbedingungen vorgenommen, weder bei der Probenahme noch bei der Analytik. Die Daten wurden einer eingehenden Qualitaetspruefung unterzogen, sowohl intern als auch bei internationalen Ringvergleichen der Analysenverfahren. (orig.)

The Au-S bond and SAM-protein contact in long-range electron transfer of pure and biomimetic metalloproteins via functionalized alkanethiol linkers

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Chi, Qijin; Ford, Michael J.; Halder, Arnab

disentangled a wealth of data to identify the nature of the crucial Au-S contact, all suggesting prevalence of a Au(0)-thiyl radical unit. Molecular packing is further determined by the SAM molecular structure and involves binding either to Au-atoms mined out of the surface or directly to a flat surface. We...... functionalized alkanethiols have emerged as core linkers. We have studied molecular linking in the long-range ET (LRET) processes in detail using electrochemistry, in situ STM and AFM, and electronic structure computations. A focus is the electronic structure of the Au-S link and the SAM packing. We have...... is exceedingly sensitive to the structure of the thiol-based SAM molecules, testifying to the crucial importance of SAM packing and Au-S binding, and of the SAM link to the protein. Some of the subtleties are illustrated simpler by similar size (5-6 nm) nanoparticles (NPs). Biomimetic NPs must possess a certain...

Briefe aus dem Morgenland - Otto Friedrich von Richters Forschungsreise in den Jahren 1814-1816 / Vladimir Sazonov

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Sazonov, Vladimir, 1979-

2013-01-01

Arvustus: Briefe aus dem Morgenland - Otto Friedrich von Richters Forschungsreise in den Jahren 1814-1816, hrsg. von Indrek Jürjo, Sergei Stadnikov, Hamburger Beiträge zur Geschichte des östlichen Europa, Bd. 20. Hamburg: Verlag Dr. Kovač 2013, 313 lk.

Electronic Commerce - Hürden, Entwicklungspotential, Konsequenzen : Ergebnisse aus der Electronic Commerce Enquete

OpenAIRE

Müller, Günter; Schoder, Detlef

1999-01-01

Vorhersagen zu Wachstum und Volumen elektronisch gestützten Geschäftsverkehrs zeichnen überwiegend ein sehr positives Zukunftsbild. In krassem Gegensatz dazu stehen Aussagen aus ex post-Analysen des Electronic Commerce zu „harten“ ökonomischen Variablen wie etwa Umsatz- oder Gewinnsteigerung, Kostensenkung und Erhöhung von Marktanteilen. In vielen Fällen bewahrheiten sich euphorische Voraussagen zum Erfolg von Electronic Commerce-Aktivitäten für Unternehmen nicht einmal annähernd. Verlustmeld...

Use of Vegetation Health Data for Estimation of Aus Rice Yield in Bangladesh

OpenAIRE

Rahman, Atiqur; Roytman, Leonid; Krakauer, Nir Y.; Nizamuddin, Mohammad; Goldberg, Mitch

2009-01-01

Rice is a vital staple crop for Bangladesh and surrounding countries, with interannual variation in yields depending on climatic conditions. We compared Bangladesh yield of aus rice, one of the main varieties grown, from official agricultural statistics with Vegetation Health (VH) Indices [Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI)] computed from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data covering a period of 15 years (1991...

Potentiale und Barrieren der Nutzung des Mobile Payment aus Kundensicht: eine empirische Untersuchung

OpenAIRE

Haarstick, Felix

2016-01-01

Während sich das Zahlungsverfahren Mobile Payment seit einigen Jahren international mehr und mehr etabliert, fristet es entgegen jährlich wiederkehrender Erfolgsprognosen in Deutschland immer noch ein Nischendasein. Die vorliegende Untersuchung entstand im Rahmen einer Bachelorarbeit des Studiengangs der Betriebswirtschaftslehre an der Hochschule Hannover und beschäftigt sich mit den Potentialen und Barrieren der Nutzung des Mobile Payment aus Kundensicht, mit dem Ziel, die wesentlichen Fakto...

Back to nature: Power from biomass; Zurueck zur Natur: Energie aus Biomasse

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Beerbaum, S. [Hohenheim Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Agrarpolitik und landwirtschaftliche Marktlehre; Kappelmann, K.H. [Fachhochschule Nuertingen (Germany); Haerdtlein, M. [Stuttgart Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Energiewirtschaft und Rationelle Energieanwendung; Kaltschmitt, M. [Technische Univ. Muenchen-Weihenstephan (Germany); Ising, M. [Fraunhofer Inst. fuer Umwelt-, Sicherheits-, und Energietechnik, Oberhausen (Germany); Meier, D.; Faix, O. [Institut fuer Holzchemie und chemische Technologie des Holzes, Hamburg (Germany); Gerdes, C. [Hamburg Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Makromolekulare und Technische Chemie

2000-05-01

Excepting nuclear power, there are just two strategies to reduce global warming, i.e. either by saving energy or by using renewables, supported by public funding and guaranteed rates. The options of solar, wind, and hydroelectric power are limited in our climate and their potential is nearly completely exploited in some regions already. Biomass is an interesting option. Its introduction should be speeded up as it takes about 50 - 60 years for a new technology to be fully accepted. [German] Soll der Treibhauseffekt eingedaemmt werden, ohne in grossem Umfang auf Kernenergie zurueckzugreifen, bleiben nur zwei Moeglichkeiten: Energiesparen und verstaerkter Einsatz regenerativer Energiequellen. Finanzielle Foerderung aus oeffentlichen Mitteln und Garantiepreise bei der Stromerzeugung sollen den Weg gangbar machen. Sonne, Wind und Wasser eignen sich leider hierzulande nur begrenzt, teilweise ist ihr Potenzial schon weitgehend ausgeschoepft. Eine wichtige Ergaenzung des Angebots duerfte deshalb die Biomasse sein. Letztlich ist sie eine Speicherform von Sonnenenergie: Durch Photosynthese erzeugen Pflanzen aus Kohlendioxid und Wasser ihre eigenen Energietraeger, die Kohlenhydrate. Weil beim Verbrennen nur das aufgenommene Kohlendioxid wieder frei wird, zeigt die energetische Nutzung von Biomasse eine weitgehend ausgeglichene Klimabilanz. Doch Eile ist geboten. Die Nutzung von Kohle und Erdoel benoetigte 50 bis 60 Jahre, um sich zu etablieren; Experten halten das fuer einen typischen Zeitraum (den auch die Kernenergie noch nicht durchschritten hat). Sich erneuernde Energiequellen stehen noch am Anfang dieser Einfuehrungsphase. (orig.)

Production of an aluminium heat exchanger coil; Fertigung eines gewickelten Waermetauschers aus Aluminium

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wimmer, G. [Linde AG, Tacherting (Germany)

2002-07-01

The heat exchangers presented in this contribution are the liquefier and subcooler of a two-component natural gas liquefaction plant to be exported to Australia, with a total heat exchanger surface that corresponds to the area of 8 soccer fields. [German] Bei den vorgestellten Waermetauschern handelt es sich um Liquefier und Subcooler einer aus 2 Prozesseinheiten bestehenden Erdgasverfluessigungsanlage fuer Australien, mit einer Gesamt-Waermeaustauschflaeche vergleichbar mit der Groesse von 8 Fussballfeldern. (orig.)

„NS-Raubgut aus zweiter Hand“ - Provenienzrecherchen in der Bibliothek des IGdJ

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jörn Kreuzer

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Das Institut für die Geschichte der deutschen Juden in Hamburg führt im Rahmen des Projekts "NS-Raubgut in der Bibliothek des IGdJ" umfangreiche Recherchen in seinen Buchbeständen durch. Die Untersuchung fügt sich in die Reihe von Forschungsvorhaben, die in der Folge der "Washingtoner Konferenz über Vermögenswerte aus der Zeit des Holocaust" (1998 und der ein Jahr später verabschiedeten "Erklärung der Bundesregierung, der Länder und der kommunalen Spitzenverbände zur Auffindung und zur Rückgabe NS-verfolgungsbedingt entzogenen Kulturgutes, insbesondere aus jüdischem Besitz" in diversen deutschen Bibliotheken, Museen, Archiven und anderen kulturellen Einrichtungen durchgeführt werden. Zurzeit befinden sich in der Bibliothek des IGdJ rund 50.000 Bände. Im Grunde ist bei allen Werken, die vor 1945 erschienen sind, eine Provenienz aus NS-Raub- bzw. NS-Beutegutbeständen möglich. Eine systematische Erfassung und Bearbeitung dieses rund 6.000 bis 9.000 Bände umfassenden Bestandes ist bislang nicht erfolgt. Da die Institutsbibliothek als jüdische Sammlung konzipiert und aufgebaut wurde, verstärkt sich diese Vermutung. Weil das Institut erst 1966 gegründet wurde, handelt es sich wahrscheinlich um "NS-Raubgut aus zweiter Hand“. Eine weitere Aufgabenstellung ergibt sich aus der Tatsache, dass in den Anfangsjahren der Bibliothek keine Zugangsjournale geführt wurden. Somit können in vielen Fällen nur die Bücher selbst Hinweise auf ihre Herkunft geben, weshalb als erste Maßnahme die eingehende Buchautopsie anhand des Zettelkatalogs durchgeführt wird. Der systematischen Suche nach NS-verfolgungsbedingt entzogenem Kulturgut folgt die Dokumentation und Bekanntgabe der Ergebnisse mit dem Ziel der Restitution an die Vorbesitzer oder deren Erben. In einem Werkstattbericht werden erste Ergebnisse vorgestellt. The Institute of the History of the German Jews (Institut für die Geschichte der deutschenJuden, IGdJ is currently conducting a

Atividade física como discriminador da ausência de hipertensão arterial em homens adultos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Francisco Jose Gondim Pitanga

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Introdução: Diversos estudos epidemiológicos demonstram que a atividade física reduz a pressão arterial, porém a quantidade necessária para que estes benefícios sejam alcançados permanece especulativa. Objetivo: Analisar a quantidade (duração e intensidade de atividade física em seus diferentes domínios (trabalho, deslocamento, atividade doméstica e tempo livre como discriminador da ausência de hipertensão arterial em adultos do sexo masculino. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado na cidade de Lauro de Freitas, Bahia, Brasil com amostra constituída por 220 indivíduos do sexo masculino com idade superior a 18 anos. Foram construídas diversas curvas Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC e comparadas às áreas sobre as mesmas entre a quantidade de atividade física em seus diferentes domínios e a ausência de hipertensão arterial. Verificou-se também a sensibilidade e especificidade para a quantidade de atividade física necessária para prevenção de hipertensão arterial. Foi utilizado o intervalo de confiança a 95%. Resultados: Entre os diferentes domínios de atividade física analisados encontrou-se maior significância estatística nas áreas sob a curva ROC para a atividade física no trabalho e no tempo livre. A caminhada não foi boa discriminadora para a ausência de hipertensão arterial em nenhum dos domínios analisados. Observou-se também que 180 min/semana de atividade física moderada, acumulada nos diferentes domínios foi o melhor ponto de corte para discriminar a ausência de hipertensão arterial. Conclusão: A prática da atividade física, principalmente de intensidade moderada, com duração de pelo menos 180 min/semana deve ser sugerida para indivíduos do sexo masculino visando contribuir para a prevenção da hipertensão arterial.

CHAR and BURNMAC - burnup modules of the AUS neutronics code system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Robinson, G.S.

1986-03-01

In the AUS neutronics code system, the burnup module CHAR solves the nuclide depletion equations by an analytic technique in a number of spatial zones. CHAR is usually used as one component of a lattice burnup calculation but contains features which also make it suitable for some global burnup calculations. BURNMAC is a simple accounting module based on the assumption that cross sections for a rector zone depend only on irradiation. BURNMAC is used as one component of a global calculation in which burnup is achieved by interpolation in the cross sections produced from a previous lattice calculation

Ein Versuch, Naturverhältnisse aus feministischer Sicht zu interpretieren

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Helga Purgand

2002-07-01

Full Text Available Mit dem vorliegenden Sammelband Geschlechterverhältnisse – Naturverhältnisse wird nach dem innovativen Beitrag der feministischen Debatte für umweltsoziologisches Denken gefragt und nach Überschneidungen, Grenzen und Zwischenräumen zwischen „Geschlecht“ und „Natur“ gesucht. In ihm wird der lobenswerte Versuch unternommen, einen Zusammenhang zwischen Geschlechter- und Naturverhältnissen herzustellen „die in der Umweltsoziologie bislang stark vernachlässigte feministische Diskussion und Geschlechterforschung einzubeziehen und als genderbezogene Perspektive zu etablieren“. (S. 9 Das Buch enthält Beiträge von 15 Autorinnen, die unterschiedliche Natur- und Geschlechtsverhältnisse facettenreich, überwiegend kreativ und theoretisch anspruchsvoll betrachten. Das Buch enthält Zugänge aus der allgemeinen Soziologie, den Sprach- und Kulturwissenschaften, aus politik- und naturwissenschaftlichen Zusammenhängen. Den ausdrücklich formulierten Anspruch, von multi- zu einer inter-disziplinären Durchdringung zu gelangen, erfüllt es nur in Ansätzen (besonders mit der Einleitung und den theoretischen Problemexplikationen. Das zustande gekommene „Nach-, Zusammen- und Querdenken“ über Begriffe, Theorien und neuere Forschungsansätze (von Foucault über Butler bis zu Donna Haraway belegt die Notwendigkeit, die naturwissenschaftlichen Annahmen „immanent zu dekonstruieren“. Sehr aufschlussreich sind in diesem Zusammenhang die Beiträge von Irmgard Schultz, Elvira Scheich, aber auch von Mary Mellor und besonders von Paula-Irene Villa, die interessante und kreative Gedanken zur Klärung des Verhältnisses von Natur, Kultur und Geschlecht anbieten. Deutlich wurde, dass weiterhin ein kontroverses Ringen um angemessene konzeptionelle Fassungen von Geschlechts- und Naturverhältnissen und die Integration von Gender als zentraler analytischer Querschnitts-Kategorie nötig sind. Insgesamt ist dem Buch ist eine schnelle Verbreitung und

Behandlung von Essstörungen bei Jugendlichen aus Sicht der kinder- und jugendpsychiatrischen Klinik

OpenAIRE

Pfeiffer, Ernst; Hansen, Berit; Korte, Alexander; Lehmkuhl, Ulrike

2005-01-01

Der Beitrag stellt - im Sinne klinischer Leitlinien - die aktuelle Praxis einer auf die Behandlung von Essstörungen spezialisierten Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie dar. Die Notwendigkeit eines multimodalen Therapiekonzeptes wird betont, bestehend aus Maßnahmen zur Normalisierung von Gewicht und Essverhalten, Heilpädagogik, einzel-, gruppen- und familienbezogener Psychotherapie, ergänzt durch Körper-, Kunst- und Musiktherapie und ggf. Psychopharmakotherapie. Abschlie...

AusLAMP long period magnetotellurics: progress update and new insights into Victorian geology and mineral prospectivity

Science.gov (United States)

Chopping, R. G.; Duan, J.; Czarnota, K.; Kemp, T.

2016-12-01

It is becoming generally accepted that world-class mineral deposits have a footprint on a scale of the lithosphere. For this reason, Australia has embarked on the Australian Lithospheric Architecture Magnetotelluric Project (AusLAMP) to map the conductivity of the mid to lower crust and the lithospheric mantle. AusLAMP is a collaborative project between Geoscience Australia, State and Territory Geological Surveys and Universities. The project aims to collect long-period magnetotelluric data across the Australian continent on a nominal 0.5x0.5° ( 55x55 km) grid. To date, more than 450 sites have been acquired including all sites for the state of Victoria, two-thirds of sites in South Australia and Tasmania, and approximately 25 stations in Western Australia. Progress is ramping up with acquisition to turn to the state of New South Wales, the remainder of South Australia and also acquisition in northern Australia. To support this increasing acquisition activity, additional instruments have been purchased to add to those already in Australia. 3D inversion results are now available for AusLAMP Victoria. In collaboration with the National Computational Infrastructure (NCI), the 3D ModEM codes were optimised for use on the NCI's supercomputer, speeding up large-scale inversions by an order of magnitude. The results of these inversions indicate anomalously conductive lithospheric mantle associated with the central region of Victoria which contains significant mineral deposits and prospectivity, and also anomalous resistive lithosphere associated with the southern extension of the dynamically supported Australian Alps and the Newer Volcanics Province. Modelled conductivities are also consistent with mantle xenolith data from central Victoria. Within the crust, the dominant trend of the data is along elongate north-eastern corridors of conductive material. These results shed new questions on the geological history of this region and the lithospheric architecture of the

Determination of the thermal conductivity of sediment rock from measurements on cuttings; Ermittlung der Gesteinswaermeleitfaehigkeit von Sedimentgesteinen aus Messungen am Bohrklein

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Troschke, B; Burkhardt, H [Technische Univ. Berlin (Germany). Fachgebiet Angewandte Goephysik

1997-12-01

Due to high costs core recovery in many wells is strongly restricted. To determine thermal conductivity in these cases measurements on cuttings are necessary, since in situ measurements are expensive and protracted, too. Therefore cores from three hydrogeothermal wells of the north-east part of the German sedimentary basin were grinded to compare the results of measurements on cuttings with known values of thermal conductivity from the original cores. By a suitable model of the two-phase-system cuttings-water it is possible to calculate the thermal conductivity of the rock-matrix. On the basis of this value and a suitable rock-model an average thermal conductivity for the water saturated rock can be estimated. Certainly all influences of the texture (anisotropy, grain bond) and of the characteristics of the porespace (porosity, internal surface, saturation, permeability) are lost with measurements on cuttings. Therefore for the different systems cuttings-water and rock-porefluid as well as for different rock types different models are necessary. (orig.) [Deutsch] In vielen Bohrungen werden aus Kostengruenden keine Kerne gezogen. Fuer die Ermittlung der Waermeleitfaehigkeit koennen deshalb nur in-situ-Messungen, die ebenfalls zeit- und kostenintensiv sind, oder Messungen am Bohrklein herangezogen werden. Es wurden daher Kerne aus drei Hydrogeothermalbohrungen des nordostdeutschen Beckens aufgemahlen, um so vergleichende Messungen am `Bohrklein` aus Kernen mit bekannter Waermeleitfaehigkeit durzhzufuehren. Durch eine geeignete Modellvorstellung des Zwei-Phasen-Systems Bohrklein/Wasser laesst sich die Waermeleitfaehigkeit der Gesteinsmatrix bestimmen und aus dieser durch ein Gesteinsmodell auch eine mittlere Waermeleitfaehigkeit des wassergesaettigten Festgesteins berechnen. Klar ist, dass bei Messungen am Bohrklein Einfluesse, die durch Gefuege (Anisotropie, Kornbindung) und Porenraumeigenschaften (Porositaet, Saettigung, Permeabilitaet) hervorgerufen werden

Extension of the AUS reactor neutronics system for application to fusion blanket neutronics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Robinson, G.S.

1984-03-01

The AUS modular code scheme for reactor neutronics computations has been extended to apply to fusion blanket neutronics. A new group cross-section library with 200 neutron groups, 37 photon groups and kerma factor data has been generated from ENDF/B-IV. The library includes neutron resonance subgroup parameters and temperature-dependent data for thermal neutron scattering matrices. The validity of the overall calculation system for fusion applications has been checked by comparison with a number of published conceptual design studies

Zusammenhänge zwischen Cyberbullying und Bullying – erste Ergebnisse aus einer Selbstberichtsstudie

OpenAIRE

Wachs, Sebastian; Wolf, Karsten D.

2011-01-01

Wenn Lis (2007) Annahme zutrifft, dass das neue Phänomen Cyberbullying nichts anderes ist als „alter Wein in neuen Schläuchen“, dann sind viele Cyberbullies und Cybervictims gleich-zeitig auch Bullies und Victims im realen Leben. Weitere Ziele waren, die Prävalenz von (Cyber-)Bullying zu messen und die Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede beider Formen zu untersuchen. Die Studie wurde als Online-Umfrage nach der CAPI-Methode umgesetzt. Das Sample besteht aus 838 Jugendlichen (von 11-17 Jahren), d...

Iron plaque formed under aerobic conditions efficiently immobilizes arsenic in Lupinus albus L roots.

Science.gov (United States)

Fresno, Teresa; Peñalosa, Jesús M; Santner, Jakob; Puschenreiter, Markus; Prohaska, Thomas; Moreno-Jiménez, Eduardo

2016-09-01

Arsenic is a non-threshold carcinogenic metalloid. Thus, human exposure should be minimised, e.g. by chemically stabilizing As in soil. Since iron is a potential As immobiliser, it was investigated whether root iron plaque, formed under aerobic conditions, affects As uptake, metabolism and distribution in Lupinus albus plants. White lupin plants were cultivated in a continuously aerated hydroponic culture containing Fe/EDDHA or FeSO4 and exposed to arsenate (5 or 20 μM). Only FeSO4 induced surficial iron plaque in roots. LA-ICP-MS analysis accomplished on root sections corroborated the association of As to this surficial Fe. Additionally, As(V) was the predominant species in FeSO4-treated roots, suggesting less efficient As uptake in the presence of iron plaque. Fe/EDDHA-exposed roots neither showed such surficial FeAs co-localisation nor As(V) accumulation; in contrast As(III) was the predominant species in root tissue. Furthermore, FeSO4-treated plants showed reduced shoot-to-root As ratios, which were >10-fold lower compared to Fe/EDDHA treatment. Our results highlight the role of an iron plaque formed in roots of white lupin under aerobic conditions on As immobilisation. These findings, to our knowledge, have not been addressed before for this plant and have potential implications on soil remediation (phytostabilisation) and food security (minimising As in crops). Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Cloning and Characterization of the Polyether Salinomycin Biosynthesis Gene Cluster of Streptomyces albus XM211

Science.gov (United States)

Jiang, Chunyan; Wang, Hougen; Kang, Qianjin; Liu, Jing

2012-01-01

Salinomycin is widely used in animal husbandry as a food additive due to its antibacterial and anticoccidial activities. However, its biosynthesis had only been studied by feeding experiments with isotope-labeled precursors. A strategy with degenerate primers based on the polyether-specific epoxidase sequences was successfully developed to clone the salinomycin gene cluster. Using this strategy, a putative epoxidase gene, slnC, was cloned from the salinomycin producer Streptomyces albus XM211. The targeted replacement of slnC and subsequent trans-complementation proved its involvement in salinomycin biosynthesis. A 127-kb DNA region containing slnC was sequenced, including genes for polyketide assembly and release, oxidative cyclization, modification, export, and regulation. In order to gain insight into the salinomycin biosynthesis mechanism, 13 gene replacements and deletions were conducted. Including slnC, 7 genes were identified as essential for salinomycin biosynthesis and putatively responsible for polyketide chain release, oxidative cyclization, modification, and regulation. Moreover, 6 genes were found to be relevant to salinomycin biosynthesis and possibly involved in precursor supply, removal of aberrant extender units, and regulation. Sequence analysis and a series of gene replacements suggest a proposed pathway for the biosynthesis of salinomycin. The information presented here expands the understanding of polyether biosynthesis mechanisms and paves the way for targeted engineering of salinomycin activity and productivity. PMID:22156425

Alterations in carbon and nitrogen metabolism induced by water deficit in the stems and leaves of Lupinus albus L.

Science.gov (United States)

Pinheiro, C; Chaves, M M; Ricardo, C P

2001-05-01

Water deficit (WD) in Lupinus albus L. brings about tissue-specific responses that are dependent on stress intensity. Carbohydrate metabolism is very sensitive to changes in plant water status. Six days from withholding water (DAW), sucrose, glucose and fructose levels of the leaf blade had already increased over 5-fold, and the activities of SS and INV(A) had increased c. 1.5-2 times. From 9 DAW on, when stress intensity was more pronounced, these effects were reversed with fructose and glucose concentrations as well as INV(A) activity dropping in parallel. The stem (specifically the stele) responded to the stress intensification with striking increases in the concentration of sugars, N and S, and in the induction of thaumatin-like-protein and an increase in chitinase and peroxidase. At 13 DAW, the plants lost most of the leaves but on rewatering they fully recovered. Thus, the observed changes appear to contribute to a general mechanism of survival under drought, the stem playing a key role in that process.

The electric dipole moments in the ground states of gold oxide, AuO, and gold sulfide, AuS.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Ruohan; Yu, Yuanqin; Steimle, Timothy C; Cheng, Lan

2017-02-14

The B 2 Σ - - X 2 Π 3/2 (0,0) bands of a cold molecular beam sample of gold monoxide, AuO, and gold monosulfide, AuS, have been recorded at high resolution both field free and in the presence of a static electric field. The observed electric field induced splittings and shifts were analyzed to produce permanent electric dipole moments, μ→ el , of 2.94±0.06 D and 2.22±0.05 D for the X 2 Π 3/2 (v = 0) states of AuO and AuS, respectively. A molecular orbital correlation diagram is used to rationalize the trend in ground state μ→ el values for AuX (X = F, Cl, O, and S) molecules. The experimentally determined μ→ el are compared to those computed at the coupled-cluster singles and doubles (CCSD) level augmented with a perturbative inclusion of triple excitations (CCSD(T)) level of theory.

Aus der Krise lernen – Wirtschaftlichkeit durch Flexibilität und Wandlungsfähigkeit sichern

OpenAIRE

Schmidt, Jan

2012-01-01

Flexible und wandelbare Fabrikstrukturen sind von hoher Bedeutung, wenn Produktionsstätten in einem turbulenten Umfeld langfristig wettbewerbsfähig bleiben sollen; darin sind sich Forschung und Praxis einig. Während der jüngsten weltweiten Wirtschaftskrise wurden Experten aus dem Airline-Catering-Umfeld befragt, wie Betriebe dieser Branche auf starke Veränderungen vorbereitet sind. Vorgespräche und Analysen des Autors legten die Vermutung nahe, dass diese Dienstleistungsbranche besonderen...

Regelwerke im multilingualen Kontext – ein Erfahrungsbericht aus einem multilingualen Verbund

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jürgen Küssow

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Der Bibliotheksverbund NEBIS (Netzwerk von Bibliotheken und Informationsstellen in der Schweiz ist der grösste Verbund wissenschaftlicher Bibliotheken der Schweiz. Ihm gehören rund 140 Bibliotheken an 154 Standorten aus allen Landesteilen der Schweiz an. Im NEBIS arbeiten Bibliotheken sowohl aus der Deutschschweiz als auch aus den Französisch und Italienisch sprechenden Landesteilen. Der Anteil der nicht-deutschsprachigen Bibliotheken beträgt im NEBIS über 15 Prozent. Auf den Jahresbeginn 2016 hat der NEBIS-Verbund das bisher verwendete Regelwerk KIDS (Katalogisierungsregeln des IDS durch das internationale Regelwerk RDA sowie die hauseigene Normdatenbank durch die deutschorientierte Normdatenbank GND abgelöst. Der Zustand der französischsprachigen Übersetzung der RDA sowie die Übersetzung der Anwendungsregeln des D-A-CH Raumes waren eine der grössten Herausforderungen bei der Einführung im Verbund. In einer mehrsprachigen Umgebung mit einer monolingualen Datenbank wie der GND zu arbeiten, bedeutete besonders für die französischsprachigen Bibliotheken viel Umstellung und Flexibilität. Die Arbeit mit deutschen Begriffen wie zum Beispiel die Berufsbegriffe in der GND erfordert sowohl von der NEBIS-Verbundzentrale wie auch von den französischsprachigen Bibliotheken einen ausserordentlichen Effort. Der NEBIS-Verbund wird auch künftig darauf angewiesen sein, dass die französische Übersetzung der RDA sowie die Übersetzung der Anwendungsregeln möglichst aktuell bleibt. Zudem wird auch im Bereich GND weiterhin eine flexible und geduldige Arbeitsweise aller Beteiligten erforderlich sein. The network of libraries NEBIS (Netzwerk von Bibliotheken und Informationsstellen in der Schweiz is the biggest network of scientific libraries in Switzerland. It comprises ca. 140 libraries with 154 locations in all over Switzerland. Libraries from the German, French and Italian speaking parts of the country are working together in NEBIS. More than

Schmidt. Sinfonie Nr. 1 E-Dur; Strauss. Vier sinfonische Zwischenspiele aus Intermezzo. Detroit Symphony Orchestra, Neeme Järvi / Helge Grünewald

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Grünewald, Helge

1996-01-01

Uuest heliplaadist "Schmidt. Sinfonie Nr. 1 E-Dur; Strauss. Vier sinfonische Zwischenspiele aus Intermezzo. Detroit Symphony Orchestra, Neeme Järvi. Chandos/Koch CD 9357 (WD: 68'20") DDD (WD:114'36")

Heat recovery from compressed air in sludge activation plants; Waermerueckgewinnung aus der Druckluft von Belebungsanlagen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Strunkheide, J.; Eckhardt, R.; Witte, H. [IWB Gemeinnuetziges Inst. Wasser und Boden e.V., Sankt Augustin (Germany)

2002-07-01

The Herdorf sewage system is presented as an example of heat recovery from compressed air of the activation stage. Consumption of externally supplied fuel (heating oil) was minimised, and full-scale power generation from sewage gas provided additional income. The key element of the heat recovery system is the air cooler with a matched double-shell heat exchanger. Temperatures and water volumes on the heating water side can be varied in order to ensure optimum heat supply to the air cooler at any time. The heat is used in the internal heating system to heat up the raw sludge in the fermentation process. [German] Die Waermerueckgewinnung aus der Druckluft von Belebungsanlagen kann einen wesentlichen Beitrag zum Waermehaushalt von Klaeranlagen liefern, wie hier am Beispiel der Klaeranlage Herdorf erlaeutert wurde. Hierdurch konnte zum einen der Einsatz von Fremdbrennstoffen (Heizoel) auf ein Minimum reduziert und zum anderen konnten zusaetzliche Ertraege aus der vollstaendigen Verstromung des Faulgases erzielt werden. Kernstueck der Waermerueckgewinnungsanlage bildet der Luftkuehler und der darauf abgestimmte Doppelmantelrohr-Waermeuebertrager. Von wesentlicher Bedeutung ist hierbei, dass auf der Heizkreiswasserseite mit variablen Heizwassermengen und korrespondierenden Temperaturen gefahren werden kann, um zu jedem Zeitpunkt die optimale Waerme durch den Luftkuehler bedarfsorientiert abgreifen zu koennen. Die Waerme dient zur Einspeisung in das Betriebs-Heizungssystem und damit zur Rohschlamm-Aufheizung im Faulungsprozess. (orig.)

High performance brake discs made of fiber reinforced ceramics; Hochleistungsbremsscheiben aus Faserverbundkeramik

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rosenloecher, J.; Deinzer, G.; Waninger, R.; Muenchhoff, J. [AUDI AG, 85045 Ingolstadt (Germany)

2007-11-15

The Audi AG is one of the worldwide leading car manufacturers of the premium class. One of the main aims of the technical development department at Audi is the use of novel and innovative materials. The Audi AG has intensively worked on the development and introduction of ceramic brake discs for several car types. These brake discs are made of a short carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide ceramic, a so called CMC-material (ceramic matrix composite). This material is produced in a very complex process by silicon melt infiltration of carbon preforms. The advantages of these innovative and powerful brake discs out of C/SiC-ceramic are the low weight and thus the reduction of the unsprung rotating masses, the low wear rate during completed service life, the temperature and fading stability and the corrosion resistance. The complete braking system and its periphery had to be reengineered and adjusted because of the specific material properties. (Abstract Copyright [2007], Wiley Periodicals, Inc.) [German] Die Audi AG ist einer der weltweit fuehrenden Automobilhersteller der Premiumklasse. Eines der Hauptziele der Technischen Entwicklung bei Audi ist der Einsatz neuartiger und innovativer Werkstoffe. Daher bietet die Audi AG nach intensiver Entwicklung und Erprobung fuer mehrere Fahrzeugmodelle Keramikbremsscheiben an. Diese Bremsscheiben bestehen aus einer kohlenstoffkurzfaserverstaerkten Siliziumkarbidkeramik, einem sog. CMC-Werkstoff. Dieser Werkstoff wird in einem aufwendigen Verfahren ueber die Schmelzinfiltration von Kohlenstoff-Preformen mit Silizium hergestellt. Die Vorteile dieser innovativen und leistungsfaehigen Bremsscheiben aus C/SiC-Keramik sind das geringe Gewicht und dadurch die Reduzierung der ungefederten rotierenden Massen, der geringe Verschleiss ueber Betriebsdauer, die Temperatur- und Fadingstabilitaet und die Korrosionsbestaendigkeit. Aufgrund der materialspezifischen Eigenschaften wurde das gesamte Bremssystem ueberarbeitet und die

[Anja Wilhelmi, Menschenbilder aus Reval und St. Peterburg. Reiseeindrücke einer Engländerin um 1840] / Paul Kaegbein

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kaegbein, Paul

2006-01-01

Arvustus: Anja Wilhelmi, Menschenbilder aus Reval und St. Peterburg. Reiseeindrücke einer Engländerin um 1840. In: Kollektivität und Individualität. Hamburg: Kovaè, 2001. S. 224-242. Elizabeth Rigby 1840. aastal Londonis anonüümselt ilmunud raamatust "Letters from the shores of the Baltic"

POW3D-Neutron diffusion module of the AUS system. A user's manual

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Harrington, B.V.; Pollard, J.P.; Barry, J.M.

1996-11-01

POW3D is a three-dimensional neutron diffusion module of the AUS modular neutronics code system. It performs eigenvalue, source of feedback-free kinetics calculations. The module includes general criticality search options and extensive editing facilities including perturbation calculations. Output options include flux or reaction rate plot files. The code permits selection from one of a variety of different solution methods (MINI, ICCG or SLOR) for inner iterations with region re balance to enhance convergence. A MINI accelerated Gauss-Siedel method is used for upscatter iterations with group rebalance to enhance a convergence. Chebyshev source extrapolation is applied for outer iterations. A detailed index is included

Patagifer lamothei n. sp. (Digenea: Echinostomatidae: Nephrostominae from the white ibis Eudocimus albus (Threskiornithidae from Texas, USA Patagifer lamothei n. sp. (Digenea: Echinostomatidae: Nephrostominae del ibis blanco Eudocimus albus (Threkiornithidae de Texas, EUA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Norman O. Dronen

2008-08-01

Full Text Available During a study of the endohelminths of wading birds from the Texas Gulf coast, 12 specimens of an undescribed species of Patagifer Dietz, 1909 (Echinostomatidae: Nephrostominae were collected from 2 of 8 white ibis, Eudocimus albus (Linnaeus (Threskiornithidae, from the Galveston and Brazos County areas of Texas, USA. Patagifer lamothei n. sp. can be distinguished from P. bilobus (Rudolphi, 1819, P. brygooi Richard, 1964, P. consimilis Dietz, 1909, and P. fraternus Johnston, 1917, where the testes are close together (contiguous to nearly contiguous, the ovary is close to the anterior testis (a distance that is less than the length of the ovary, and the posttesticular space is less extensive, by having the testes separated from each other by a distance approximately equal to or greater than the length of the ovary, the ovary positioned about the length or longer of the ovary from the anterior testis, and by having a more extensive posttesticular space. In addition, the ovary of the new species is located just ahead of midbody rather than being at midbody, as is seen in P. bilobus, P. fraternus, and P. vioscai Lumsden, 1962, or below midbody, as is the case in P. brygooi and P. consimilis. The new species is most like P. simarai Nigam, 1944 in the similar distance between testes, position of the ovary, and the posttesticular space (30-36% of the body length. The new species differs from P. simarai by having a smaller body size, a smaller oral sucker and pharynx, a smaller acetabulum, ovary, testes, cirrus sac, and smaller spines on the margin of the collar, but larger corner spines, and the ovary of the new species is located immediately anterior to the midbody, while in P. simarai it is located well ahead of the midbody.En un estudio de endohelmintos de aves de los humedales de la costa de Texas, se recolectaron 12 ejemplares de una especie no descrita de Patagifer Dietz, 1909 (Echinostomatidae: Nephrostominae en 2 ibis blancos de 8 examinados

The role of ABC proteins Aus1p and Pdr11p in the uptake of external sterols in yeast: dehydroergosterol fluorescence study

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kohut, Peter; Wüstner, Daniel; Hronska, L

2011-01-01

of sterol molecules into plasma membrane is not spontaneous but requires assistance of two ABC (ATP-binding cassette) pumps--Aus1p or Pdr11p. DHE taken up by uptake-competent hem1ΔAUS1PDR11 cells could be directly visualized by UV-sensitive wide field fluorescence microscopy. HPLC analysis of sterols......Uptake of external sterols in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a multistep process limited to anaerobiosis or heme deficiency. It includes crossing the cell wall, insertion of sterol molecules into plasma membrane and their internalization and integration into intracellular membranes. We...... applied the fluorescent ergosterol analog dehydroergosterol (DHE) to monitor the initial steps of sterol uptake by three independent approaches: fluorescence spectroscopy, fluorescence microscopy and sterol quantification by HPLC. Using specific fluorescence characteristics of DHE we showed that the entry...

Aussteigen aus dem Rechtsextremismus: Foto-Praxis, bildwissenschaftliche Analyse und Ausstellungsarbeit als Methoden individueller Reflexion und des wissenschaftlichen und (sozialpädagogischen Kompetenzerwerbs

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ulrike Pilarczyk

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Der Beitrag zeigt die medienpädagogischen und bildwissenschaftlichen Dimensionen eines zeitlich und thematisch gestaffelten Projektes auf. Ausgangspunkt war das in den Jahren 2009/10 von der Organisation EXIT-Deutschland in Berlin mit Aussteigern/-innen aus der rechtsextremen Szene initiierte Fotoprojekt «Lebensbilder». Die im Rahmen biografisch orientierter, medien- und sozialpädagogischer Fallarbeit entstandenen Fotos wurden als Prozess individueller Bilderzeugung und als Mittel zur Reflexion der jeweiligen Lebenssituation der Aussteiger(innen verstanden und eingesetzt. Eine Ausstellung schloss diese erste Phase des hier beschriebenen Projektes ab. Dem Wunsch folgend, die praktischen Erfahrungen aus der Arbeit mit Fotos wissenschaftlich überprüfen zu lassen, wurden in den Jahren 2011 und 2012 mit Studierenden am erziehungswissenschaftlichen Institut der TU Braunschweig die «Lebensbilder» zunächst einer wissenschaftlichen Bildanalyse unterzogen und anschliessend in einem gestalterisch-interpretativen Projekt durch die Studierenden zu einer Ausstellung weiterentwickelt.

Recycling systems and material flows from the viewpoint of thermal waste treatment; Kreislaufwirtschaft- und Stoffstrombetrachtungen aus Sicht der thermischen Abfallbehandlung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Johnke, B. [Umweltbundesamt, Berlin (Germany); Mast, P.G. [Tauw Umwelt GmbH, Berlin (Germany)

1998-09-01

Material stream analysis can serve as a basis for decisions on which materials should be kept in circulation, and in what quantity, and which materials it is better to remove from the recycling system and dispose of as waste. Wastes destined for disposal are mostly transferred to waste treatment plants and landfills. The role of thermal treatment as part of the disposal system is to destroy or decompose organic pollutants contained in the waste, concentrate and remove inorganic pollutants, make the heat arising during the treatment process available for use as energy, and make the greatest possible physical use of the treatment residues. The present paper reviews the current regulations for the promotion of recycling and investigates selected material streams and the fate of these materials. In connection with the residue quality of household waste incineration slag as a thermal waste treatment product it also considers the influence of waste management measures on wastes destined for disposal. [Deutsch] Stoffstrombetrachtungen koennen als Grundlage fuer Entscheidungen dienen, welche Stoffe in welchem Umfang im Kreislauf verbleiben oder wieder integriert werden sollten und welche besser als Abfall zur Beseitigung aus dem Kreislaufsystem auszuschleusen sind. Fuer Abfaelle zur Beseitigung wird diese Aufgabe i.d.R. von thermischen Abfallbehandlungsanlagen und Deponien uebernommen. Im Rahmen der Entsorgung kommt der thermischen Behandlung dabei die Aufgabe zu, die im Abfall zur Beseitigung enthaltenen organischen Schadstoffe zu zerstoeren oder abzubauen, anorganische Schadstoffe aufzukonzentrieren und auszuschleusen, die bei dem Behandlungsprozess entstehende Waerme einer weitgehenden Energienutzung zuzufuehren und die Rueckstaende aus der Behandlung so weit wie moeglich stofflich zu verwerten. Nachfolgend sollen insbesondere die Regelungen zur Unterstuetzung der Kreislaufwirtschaft, ausgewaehlte Stofffluesse und der Verbleib dieser Stoffe und Materialien und der

Schostakowitsch: Fünf Ballettsuiten, Suite aus Katerina Ismailova, Festliche Ouvertüre op. 96. Royal Scottisch National Orchestra, Neeme Järvi / Helge Grünewald

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Grünewald, Helge

1995-01-01

Uuest heliplaadist "Schostakowitsch: Fünf Ballettsuiten, Suite aus Katerina Ismailova, Festliche Ouvertüre op. 96. Royal Scottisch National Orchestra, Neeme Järvi. Chandos/Koch 2 CD 700/1 (WD:114'36")

Missouri River Scaphirhynchus albus (pallid sturgeon) effects analysis—Integrative report 2016

Science.gov (United States)

Jacobson, Robert B.; Annis, Mandy L.; Colvin, Michael E.; James, Daniel A.; Welker, Timothy L.; Parsley, Michael J.

2016-07-15

The Missouri River Pallid Sturgeon Effects Analysis was designed to carry out three components of an assessment of how Missouri River management has affected, and will affect, population dynamics of endangered Scaphirhynchus albus (pallid sturgeon): (1) collection of reliable scientific information, (2) critical assessment and synthesis of available data and analyses, and (3) analysis of the effects of actions on listed species and their habitats. This report is a synthesis of the three components emphasizing development of lines of evidence relating potential future management actions to pallid sturgeon population dynamics. We address 21 working management hypotheses that emerged from an expert opinion-based filtering process.The ability to quantify linkages from abiotic changes to pallid sturgeon population dynamics is compromised by fundamental information gaps. Although a substantial foundation of pallid sturgeon science has been developed during the past 20 years, our efforts attempt to push beyond that understanding to provide predictions of how future management actions may affect pallid sturgeon responses. For some of the 21 hypotheses, lines of evidence are limited to theoretical deduction, inference from sparse empirical datasets, or expert opinion. Useful simulation models have been developed to predict the effects of management actions on survival of drifting pallid sturgeon free embryos in the Yellowstone and Upper Missouri River complex (hereafter referred to as the “upper river”), and to assess the effects of flow and channel reconfigurations on habitat availability in the Lower Missouri River, tributaries, and Mississippi River downstream of Gavins Point Dam (hereafter referred to as the “lower river”). A population model also has been developed that can be used to assess sensitivity of the population to survival of specific life stages, assess some hypotheses related to stocking decisions, and explore a limited number of management

Biomonitoring of lead and cadmium in women from industrial regions of eastern Germany; Biomonitoring von Blei und Cadmium bei Frauen aus industriellen Regionen Sachsen-Anhalts

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Meyer, I.; Wichmann, H.E. [Univ. Muenchen (Germany). Lehrstuhl fuer Epidemiologie; GSF - Forschungszentrum fuer Umwelt und Gesundheit, Neuherberg (Germany). Inst. fuer Epidemiologie; Becker, K.; Lippold, U.; Meyer, E. [Umweltbundesamt, Berlin (Germany); Heinrich, J. [GSF - Forschungszentrum fuer Umwelt und Gesundheit, Neuherberg (Germany). Inst. fuer Epidemiologie

2003-07-01

kreatininbezogene Cadmiumkonzentration im Urin bestimmt. Es wurde eine mittlere korporale Belastung mit Blei von 41,5 {mu}g/l Blut (95% K.I.: 39,6-43,6) und eine mittlere innere Exposition mit Cadmium von 0,417 {mu}g/gKr (95% K.I.: 0,390-0,447) festgestellt. Somit unterschied sich die innere Belastung mit Blei und Cadmium nicht oder nur geringfuegig von der der Allgemeinbevoelkerung. Von der gemessenen korporalen Belastung ging keine gesundheitliche Gefaehrdung aus. Frauen aus der schwermetallbelasteten Region Hettstedt hatten im Vergleich zu Frauen aus den beiden anderen Regionen keine erhoehten Blutbleikonzentrationen. Die Blutbleikonzentration, die v.a. die aktuelle Exposition gegenueber Blei reflektiert, wurde bei Frauen im 6. Lebensjahrzehnt von individuellen Verhaltensweisen wie dem Rauchen sowie von der Distanz des Wohngebietes zu den Hettstedter Huettengebieten beeinflusst. Ausserdem fuehrte eine erhoehte Bleikonzentration im Trinkwasser sowie die Freisetzung von Blei aus den Knochen nach der Menopause zu einer erhoehten Blutbleikonzentration. Im Vergleich zu Frauen aus den Kontrollregionen wiesen Frauen aus Hettstedt eine deutlich erhoehte Cadmiumexkretion mit dem Urin auf. Die Cadmiumkonzentration im Urin spiegelt v.a. die kumulative, lebenslange Exposition gegenueber Cadmium wider. (orig.)

ESWL aus der Sicht des Osteologen

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tischer T

2004-01-01

Full Text Available In der Urologie hat die Zertrümmerung von schmerzhaften Nierensteinen mittels extrakorporaler Stoßwellen die nicht-invasive Therapie von Nierensteinen revolutioniert. Dieses erfolgversprechende Konzept wurde vor über 15 Jahren in der Orthopädie aufgegriffen. Dabei wurde versucht, die verzögerte Knochenbruchheilung durch Stimulation der Knochenenden mit Hilfe fokussierter extrakorporaler Stoßwellen zu beschleunigen. Im folgenden wurde dieses Verfahren erfolgreich zur Behandlung von Knochenbruchheilungsstörungen, der Tendinitis calcarea, der Epicondylitis radialis humeri und der Fasciitis plantaris eingesetzt. Dabei ist – anders als bei der Nierensteinzertrümmerung – nicht die Zerstörung von Hartgewebe für den Wirkmechanismus verantwortlich. Lange Zeit waren die Kenntnisse sowohl über die Wirkmechanismen extrakorporaler Stoßwellen am Knochen, als auch über mögliche unerwünschte Nebenwirkungen nur eingeschränkt verfügbar. In den letzten Jahren sind jedoch viele neue Studien publiziert worden. Die vorliegende Arbeit faßt den entsprechenden gegenwärtigen Kenntnisstand über die Wirkung extrakorporaler Stoßwellen auf den Knochen aus tier- und zellkulturexperimentellen Grundlagenuntersuchungen zusammen. Insbesondere in bezug auf mögliche unerwünschte Nebenwirkungen der ESWT haben die bisher durchgeführten Untersuchungen wertvolle Hinweise ergeben. Darüber hinaus konnten in jüngster Zeit erste Ergebnisse bezüglich der molekularen Wirkweise extrakorporaler Stoßwellen am Stütz- und Bewegungsapparat vorgelegt werden, die ein komplexes Bild der tatsächlichen Vorgänge erahnen lassen. Durch eine Intensivierung der tierexperimentellen Grundlagenforschung zur ESWT wird es möglich sein, in naher Zukunft eine breit abgesicherte, experimentell-wissenschaftliche Grundlage zum Einsatz extrakorporaler Stoßwellen am Stütz- und Bewegungsapparat zu erarbeiten.

Exposure of great egret (Ardea albus) nestlings to mercury through diet in the Everglades ecosystem

Science.gov (United States)

Frederick, Peter C; Spalding, Marilyn G.; Sepalveda, Maria S.; Williams, Gary E.; Nico, Leo G.; Robins, Robert H.

1999-01-01

We estimated exposure of great egret (Ardea albus) nestlings to mercury in food in the Florida Everglades, USA, by collecting regurgitated food samples during the 1993 to 1996 breeding seasons and during 1995 measured concentrations of mercury in individual prey items from those samples. Great egret nestlings had a diet composed predominantly of fish (>95% of biomass), though the species composition of fish in the diet fluctuated considerably among years. Great egrets concentrated on the larger fish available in the marsh, especially members of the Centrarchidae. The importance of all nonnative fish fluctuated from 0 to 32% of the diet by biomass and was dominated by pike killifish (Belonesox belizanus) and cichlids (Cichlidae). Total mercury concentrations in prey fish ranged from 0.04 to 1.40 mg/kg wet weight, and we found a significant relationship between mass of individual fish and mercury concentration. We estimated the concentration of total mercury in the diet as a whole by weighting the mercury concentration in a given fish species by the proportion of that species in the diet. We estimate that total mercury concentrations in the diets ranged among years from 0.37 to 0.47 mg/kg fish (4-year mean = 0.41 mg/kg). We estimated total mercury exposure in great egret nestlings by combining these mercury concentrations with measurements of food intake rate, as measured over the course of the nestling period in both lab and field situations. We estimate that, at the 0.41 mg/kg level, nestlings would ingest 4.32 mg total mercury during an 80-day nestling period. Captive feeding studies reported elsewhere suggest that this level of exposure in the wild could be associated with reduced fledging mass, increased lethargy, decreased appetite, and, possibly, poor health and juvenile survival.

Nitrate levels and stages of growth in hypernodulating mutants of Lupinus albus. II. Enzymatic activity and transport of N in the xylem sap Diferentes níveis de nitrato e estágio de crescimento em mutantes hipernodulantes de Lupinus albus II. Atividade enzimática e transporte de N na seiva do xilema

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hélio Almeida Burity

1999-04-01

Full Text Available The enzymatic study and transport of N in the xylem sap was carried out with a view to observing the influence of different nitrate levels and growth stages of the plant in chemically treated mutants of Lupinus albus. Several stresses induce a reduction in plant growth, resulting in the accumulation of free amino acids, amides or ureides, not only in the shoot, but also in the roots and nodules. Although enzyme activity is decisive in avoiding products that inhibit nitrogenase by ammonium, little is known about the mechanism by which the xylem carries these products. However, this process may be the key to the function of avoiding the accumulation of amino acids in the cells of infected nodules. The behaviour of the enzymes nitrate reductase (NR, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC, glutamine synthetase (GS and nitrogen compounds derived from fixation, such as N-a-amino, N-ureides and N-amide in mutant genotypes were observed. The NR enzyme activity was highly influenced by the application of nitrate showing much higher values than those in the non-application of nitrate, independently of genotype, being that the NR, the best evaluation period was in the tenth week. The L-62 genotype characterized with nitrate- resistance, clearly showed that the enzyme PEPC is inhibited by presence of nitrate. The L-135 genotype (nod- fix- showed GS activity extremely low, thus demonstrating that GS is an enzyme highly correlated with fixation. With regard to the best growth stage for GS, Lupinus albus should be evaluated in the seventh week.O estudo enzimático e o transporte de N na seiva do xilema foi realizado visando observar a influência de diferentes níveis de nitrato e estágios de crescimento da planta em mutantes tratadas quimicamente. Vários estresses induzem a redução no crescimento da planta da qual resulta na acumulação de aminoácidos livres, amidas ou ureídos, tanto na parte aérea como nas raízes e nódulos. A atividade de enzimas �

In vitro fermentation of lupin seeds (Lupinus albus) and broad beans (Vicia faba): dynamic modulation of the intestinal microbiota and metabolomic output.

Science.gov (United States)

Gullón, Patricia; Gullón, Beatriz; Tavaria, Freni; Vasconcelos, Marta; Gomes, Ana Maria

2015-10-01

Broad beans (Vicia faba) and lupin seeds (Lupinus albus) are legumes rich in a wide range of compounds, which may represent a useful dietary approach for modulating the human gut microbiome. In this work, after in vitro digestion, legume samples were used as carbon sources in anaerobic batch cultures to evaluate their impact on the intestinal microbiota composition and on their metabolic products. The fermentations were monitored by a decrease in pH, generation of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and lactate and the changes in the dynamic bacterial populations by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The total SCFA at the end of fermentation was 81.52 mM for lupin seeds and 78.41 mM for broad beans accompanied by a decrease of the pH for both legumes. The microbial groups that increased significantly (P spp., Lactobacillus-Enterococcus, Atopobium, Bacteroides-Pretovella, Clostridium coccoides-Eubacterium rectale, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Roseburia intestinalis. This impact on the intestinal microbiota suggests that lupin seeds and broad beans may be used in the development of novel functional foods, which can be included in dietary strategies for human health promotion.

Evaluation of antihyperglycemic effect of trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) and lupinus albus (lupine) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Noaman, E; Mansour, S Z; Ibrahim, N K [Radiation Biology Dept., National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo (Egypt)

2007-07-01

Alloxan induced diabetic rats were used to evaluate the antihyperglycemic effect of Trigonella Foenum graecum (Fenugreek) and Lupinus Albus (Lupine). The parameters measured during the 45 days oral administration of seeds powder suspension of either Fenugreek or Lupine (1 g/ kg body wt) included: blood glucose, body wt, reduced glutathione content, plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TEARS), and percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA), plasma insulin and liver free fatty acids. Fenugreek and Lupine resulted in significant reduction in blood glucose and HbA; restored insulin normal range, ameliorated the contents of glutathione and reduced the increase in the content of plasma TBARS. Lupine at dose of 1 g/ kg body wt exhibited better glucose reduction, restored body wt and free fatty acids concentration than Fenugreek. Diabetes mellitus is the most common disease associated with carbohydrate metabolism, affecting about 200 million people worldwide. Extracts of various plant materials capable of decreasing blood sugar have been tested in experimental animal models (Bopanna and Rathod, 1997). Many unknown and lesser known plants are used in traditional medicinal practices in Egypt. The medicinal values of these plants are not much known to the scientific world. Although herbal medicines have long been used effectively in treating many diseases throughout the world, the mechanism of most of the herbals used has not been defined. Many traditional plant treatments for diabetes are also used, but most of the evidence for their beneficial effects is anecdotal (Jelodar et al., 2005)

Evaluation of antihyperglycemic effect of trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) and lupinus albus (lupine) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Noaman, E.; Mansour, S.Z.; Ibrahim, N.K.

2007-01-01

Alloxan induced diabetic rats were used to evaluate the antihyperglycemic effect of Trigonella Foenum graecum (Fenugreek) and Lupinus Albus (Lupine). The parameters measured during the 45 days oral administration of seeds powder suspension of either Fenugreek or Lupine (1 g/ kg body wt) included: blood glucose, body wt, reduced glutathione content, plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TEARS), and percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA), plasma insulin and liver free fatty acids. Fenugreek and Lupine resulted in significant reduction in blood glucose and HbA; restored insulin normal range, ameliorated the contents of glutathione and reduced the increase in the content of plasma TBARS. Lupine at dose of 1 g/ kg body wt exhibited better glucose reduction, restored body wt and free fatty acids concentration than Fenugreek. Diabetes mellitus is the most common disease associated with carbohydrate metabolism, affecting about 200 million people worldwide. Extracts of various plant materials capable of decreasing blood sugar have been tested in experimental animal models (Bopanna and Rathod, 1997). Many unknown and lesser known plants are used in traditional medicinal practices in Egypt. The medicinal values of these plants are not much known to the scientific world. Although herbal medicines have long been used effectively in treating many diseases throughout the world, the mechanism of most of the herbals used has not been defined. Many traditional plant treatments for diabetes are also used, but most of the evidence for their beneficial effects is anecdotal (Jelodar et al., 2005)

Construction of a BAC library and identification of Dmrt1 gene of the rice field eel, Monopterus albus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jang Songhun; Zhou Fang; Xia Laixin; Zhao Wei; Cheng Hanhua; Zhou Rongjia

2006-01-01

A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library was constructed using nuclear DNA from the rice field eel (Monopterus albus). The BAC library consists of a total of 33,000 clones with an average insert size of 115 kb. Based on the rice field eel haploid genome size of 600 Mb, the BAC library is estimated to contain approximately 6.3 genome equivalents and represents 99.8% of the genome of the rice field eel. This is first BAC library constructed from this species. To estimate the possibility of isolating a specific clone, high-density colony hybridization-based library screening was performed using Dmrt1 cDNA of the rice field eel as a probe. Both library screening and PCR identification results revealed three positive BAC clones which were overlapped, and formed a contig covering the Dmrt1 gene of 195 kb. By sequence comparisons with the Dmrt1 cDNA and sequencing of first four intron-exon junctions, Dmrt1 gene of the rice field eel was predicted to contain four introns and five exons. The sizes of first and second intron are 1.5 and 2.6 kb, respectively, and the sizes of last two introns were predicted to be about 20 kb. The Dmrt1 gene structure was conserved in evolution. These results also indicate that the BAC library is a useful resource for BAC contig construction and molecular isolation of functional genes

Production of oil and coke from sludges containing organic pollutants; Gewinnung von Oel und Koks aus organisch belasteten Schlaemmen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Steger, M [Martin Steger GmbH, Eggenfelden (Germany); Meissner, W; Herold, R [Max Aicher Umwelttechnik GmbH, Freilassing (Germany)

1998-09-01

Since the mid-eighties, Messrs. Max Aicher Umwelttechnik GmbH at Hammerau, Germany have been investigating sewage sludge pyrolysis. Laboratory experiments and semi-industrial investigations led to the construction of a combined sludge drying and conversion plant (``Aicher sludge recycling process``), in which the organic sludge fraction is converted into recyclable or combustible oils. Carbon is obtained as a by-product in solid form as conversion coke which can be utilized. Apart from sewage sludge, also industrial sludges with high organic fractions can be processed, e.g. sludges and sewage sludges from petroleum processing. (orig.) [Deutsch] In der Bundesrepublik Deutschland beschaeftigt sich die Max Aicher Umwelttechnik GmbH in Hammerau seit Mitte der Achtzigerjahre mit der Niedertemperaturkonvertierung (Pyrolyse) von Klaerschlamm. Versuche im Labor- und im halbtechnischen Massstab fuehrten zur Realisierung einer betriebstechnischen Anlage mit den Komponenten Schlammtrocknung und Konvertierung. Ziel des Aicher-Schlamm-Recycling-Verfahrens ist die Umwandlung der organischen Schlammfraktion in stofflich und energetisch verwertbare Oele. Bei der Umwandlung entsteht fixer Kohlenstoff, der im festen Rueckstand (Konversionskoks) angereichert wird. Neben dem gewonnenen Oel ist auch der produzierte Koks verwertbar. Einsatzstoffe fuer das Verfahren sind neben Klaerschlamm aus der kommunalen Abwasserreinigung vor allem industrielle Schlaemme mit hohen organischen Anteilen z.B. Schlaemme und Klaerschlaemme aus der Erdoelverarbeitung. (orig.)

Monitoring `Renewable resources`. Vegetable oils and other fuels from plants. Third status report; Monitoring `Nachwachsende Rohstoffe`. Pflanzliche Oele und andere Kraftstoffe aus Pflanzen. Dritter Sachstandsbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Roesch, C.

1997-11-01

The present status report `vegetable oils and other fuels from plants` deals with important developments on the utilization of biofuels in spark ignition engines and diesel engines since presentation of the report `growing raw materials` of the Enquete comission `Technikfolgenabschaetzung und -bewertung`. The report deals mainly with rapeseed oil and rape seed oil fatty acid methyl ester produced from this (mentioned short of biodiesel) as well as with bioethanol made from sugar beet and grain. (orig./SR) [Deutsch] Der vorliegende Sachstandsbericht `Pflanzliche Oele und andere Kraftstoffe aus Pflanzen` beschaeftigt sich mit den wichtigsten Entwicklungen beim Einsatz von Biokraftstoffen in Otto- und Dieselmotoren seit Vorlage des Berichts `Nachwachsende Rohstoffe` der Enquete-Kommission `Technikfolgenabschaetzung und -bewertung`. Der Bericht befasst sich schwerpunktmaessig mit Rapsoel und daraus hergestelltem Rapsoelfettsaeuremethylester (kurz Biodiesel genannt) sowie mit aus Zuckerrueben und Getreide erzeugtem Bioethanol. (orig./SR)

Was ist ungerecht? Diskriminierungsebenen aus multiplen Blickwinkeln What is Unjust? Levels of Discrimination from Multiple Perspectives

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Christoph Sorge

2008-07-01

Full Text Available Aus einer interdisziplinären Kolloquiumsreihe im Wintersemester 2004/2005 des Cornelia Goethe Centrums für Frauenstudien und die Erforschung der Geschlechterverhältnisse (CGC ist eine Aufsatzsammlung mit acht Beiträgen entstanden, welche sich mit frauenspezifischen Unrechtserfahrungen auseinandersetzen. Der Facettenreichtum der Aufsatzthemen entspricht dem im Titelkompositum „Unrechtserfahrungen“ ausgedrückten Spannungsverhältnis: Zum einen wird anhand von konkret erlebten Einzelschicksalen und von Darstellungen in der Literatur die Erfahrung von Ungerechtigkeit und Unrecht problematisiert. Zum anderen wird die rechtliche Begrifflichkeit genauer untersucht. Die Autorinnen kommen aus den Bereichen Philologie, Rechts- und Geschichtswissenschaft. Entsprechend bietet der Band eine vielfältige und insgesamt ergiebige Gesamtschau auf die Unrechtserfahrungen von Frauen in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart.This collected volume of eight essays tackles the experience of injustice specific to women. It was born out of an interdisciplinary colloquium during the winter semester of 2004/2005 at the Cornelia Goethe Center for Women’s Studies and the Study of Gender Relations (CGC. The richly varied themes of the essays correspond to the tension expressed in the composite word in the title “unjust-experience”: For one, the volume problematizes the experience of inequality and injustice through individual concrete experience and through literary presentations. In addition, it examines legal terminology in detail. The authors come from the wide-ranging areas of philology, law, and history. Accordingly, the volume offers a diverse and altogether rich overview of women’s experiences of injustice in the past and the present.

Complete CRM documentation as a basis for successfull Churn Management; Wie aus Rueckholung Vorbeugung wird. Vollstaendige Kundenkontakthistorie als Basis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Johannssen, T. [ConTakt GmbH, Itzehoe (Germany)

2002-09-09

The contribution explains modern customer relationship management strategies for electric utilities. The role of a complete and detailed documentation of the CRM history is explained as a basis for establishing reliable customer loyalty, winning back lost customers, or preventing customers from changing their power service. (orig./CB) [German] Erkenntnisse aus der Kundenrueckgewinnung sind eine wertvolle Grundlage fuer Kuendigungspraevention. Bei durchdachtem Vorgehen koennen sie mit den gesammelten Erfahrungen sogar schon im Vorfeld Kuendigungen verhindern. (orig./CB)

Atividade física como discriminador da ausência de hipertensão arterial em homens adultos

OpenAIRE

Francisco Jose Gondim Pitanga; Luiz Alberto Bastos de Almeida; Marcela Mota Freitas; Cristiano Penas Seara Pitanga; Carmem Cristina Beck

2014-01-01

Introdução: Diversos estudos epidemiológicos demonstram que a atividade física reduz a pressão arterial, porém a quantidade necessária para que estes benefícios sejam alcançados permanece especulativa. Objetivo: Analisar a quantidade (duração e intensidade) de atividade física em seus diferentes domínios (trabalho, deslocamento, atividade doméstica e tempo livre) como discriminador da ausência de hipertensão arterial em adultos do sexo masculino. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado...

Amsterdam Expeditions to the West Indian Islands, Report 3. Eine neue Gattung der Familie Parabathynellidae (Bathynellacea, Syncarida) aus dem nördlichen Südamerika

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Schmincke, Horst Kurt

1979-01-01

Eine neue Gattung und Art der Familie Parabathynellidae, Psalidobathynella stocki gen. n., sp. n., wird beschrieben. Die Tiere stammen aus einer Quelle und einem Brunnen von der Halbinsel Paraguana in Venezuela. Es handelt sich um sehr urtümliche Parabathynellidae. Da Männchen bisher nicht bekannt

The First Genetic and Comparative Map of White Lupin (Lupinus albus L.): Identification of QTLs for Anthracnose Resistance and Flowering Time, and a Locus for Alkaloid Content

Science.gov (United States)

Phan, Huyen T. T.; Ellwood, Simon R.; Adhikari, Kedar; Nelson, Matthew N.; Oliver, Richard P.

2007-01-01

Abstract We report the first genetic linkage map of white lupin (Lupinus albus L.). An F8 recombinant inbred line population developed from Kiev mutant × P27174 was mapped with 220 amplified fragment length polymorphism and 105 gene-based markers. The genetic map consists of 28 main linkage groups (LGs) that varied in length from 22.7 cM to 246.5 cM and spanned a total length of 2951 cM. There were seven additional pairs and 15 unlinked markers, and 12.8% of markers showed segregation distortion at P anthracnose resistance, flowering time, and alkaloid content allowed loci governing these traits to be defined. Two quantitative trait loci (QTLs) with significant effects were identified for anthracnose resistance on LG4 and LG17, and two QTLs were detected for flowering time on the top of LG1 and LG3. Alkaloid content was mapped as a Mendelian trait to LG11. PMID:17526914

Mobilization of PAH by synthetic gastrointestinal juice from contaminated soil of a former landfill area; Mobilisierung von PAK durch synthetische Verdauungssaefte aus dem kontaminierten Bodenmaterial einer Altlastenflaeche

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hack, A.; Selenka, F.; Wilhelm, M. [Bochum Univ. (Germany). Abt. fuer Hygiene, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin

1998-10-01

In the present study, the amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in contaminated soil material, which may be available for absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, is estimated by means of evaluating the PAH mobilization by synthetic gastric and intestinal juice in an in vitro test system. Five contaminated soil materials from a former landfill site are analysed in this gastrointestinal model for the PAH of the U.S.EPA-standard. For quantification, an HPLC method with reversed-phase chromatography and on line fluorescence detection is used. The PAH concentration of the contaminated soil materials ranged from 37 {mu}g/g up to 196 {mu}g/g in total. The mobilization of the PAH in the gastrointestinal model ranged from 0.3% up to 1.3% when gastrointestinal juice was used alone. In the presence of whole milk powder, however, the mobilization was enhanced to values from 10.8% up to 14.5%. Since the soil material was taken from different parts of the contaminated area, and since the mobilization of the PAH from the different materials shows only minor differences, the mobilization data evaluated may be considered as representative for the whole contaminated area. Compared to other contaminated soil materials, especially those from gas work areas or coke plants, the mobilization rate of PAH by the gastrointestinal model from the soil materials used in this study is low. The health risk caused, by ingestion of this soil material, as far as PAH are concerned, is actually smaller than the risk calculated from the total content of PAH of the contaminated soil. (orig.) [Deutsch] Im allgemeinen wird nur ein Teil der Schadstoffe aus oral aufgenommenem kontaminiertem Bodenmaterial im Gastrointestinaltrakt resorbiert. In der vorliegenden Studie wird der resorptionsverfuegbare Anteil der PAK aus dem real kontaminierten Bodenmaterial einer ehemaligen Deponie aus dem sueddeutschen Raum anhand der Mobilisierbarkeit der PAK durch die Verdauungssaefte des oberen

Effects of mercury on health and first-year survival of free-ranging great egrets (Ardea albus) from southern Florida.

Science.gov (United States)

Sepúlveda, M S; Williams, G E; Frederick, P C; Spalding, M G

1999-10-01

The objectives of this study were to determine whether elevated mercury (Hg) concentrations have a negative impact on the health and survival of nestling and juvenile free-ranging great egrets (Ardea albus) from southern Florida. During 1994, when health and survival was monitored in a cohort of young birds with naturally variable concentrations of Hg, packed cell volume was positively correlated with blood Hg concentrations, and high Hg concentration in blood was not related to the probability of surviving during the first 10.5 months of life. During 1995, 70 first-hatched great egret chicks were included in a Hg field-dosing experiment to compare the effects of elevated Hg on health and survival. Birds were dosed while in the nest orally every 2.5 days for 15 days with 0.5 mg of methyl mercury chloride (MeHgCl) for an estimated intake of 1.54 mg MeHgCl/kg food intake. These birds were compared with controls, which received an estimated 0.41 mg MeHgCl/kg food. No differences were observed in health parameters or in the probability of surviving during the first 8 months of age between egrets that were dosed with Hg and those that were not. A likely explanation for the lack of any effects on health and survival between both groups could be that chicks at this age were eliminating most of the dietary Hg through the production of new feathers.

Česká literární moderna v časopise Aus fremden Zungen — čtyři příklady prostředkování // Czech literary modernism in the journal Aus fremden Zungen — four examples of mediation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lucie Merhautová

2015-12-01

Full Text Available The study focuses on Bronislav Wellek, Adolph Donath, Camill Hoffmann, Oskar Wiener and Otto Hauser and their translations and articles on modern Czech literature published in the German journal Aus fremden Zungen (1891–1910. This fortnightly established by Joseph Kürschner dealt exclusively with foreign literature. Its openness to all kinds of literary currents and little-known minor literatures was unique within the system of German literary journals. A comparison indicates the key role played by mediators. The primary requirement for their activity was multilingualism, and it turns out that in the case of all the figures under consideration, language did not necessarily have the nationally symbolic significance ascribed by politics, and their identity basically did not depend on their use of one language or another. The progress and success of this mediation was not just decided by the literary standard of the translation, but all five translators were concerned to improve the standard of translation, as well as to change the approach to translation in general. The choice of text and its succeeded publication was determined by the involvement of the mediators in the Czech and German literary context. Hence Bronislav Wellek focused primarily on translations and interpretations of poetry by Jaroslav Vrchlický and J. S. Machar, whom he knew personally and who also introduced him to their own literary and intellectual circles. It was thanks to Vrchlický that he printed his translations in Eduard Albert’s anthologies Poesie aus Böhmen (1893–1895. Machar was responsible for other translations, e.g. Hilbert’s drama Vina, which Hermann Bahr was to help promote in the German-language sphere. Between 1896 and 1898, Adolph Donath attempted to build up his position as mediator between the Moderní revue circle and some representatives of Viennese modernism (e.g. Karl Kraus, Peter Altenberg and Felix Rappaport. For Aus fremden Zungen he

Parasitismo larval de Crocidosema (=Epinotia aporema (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae en el noreste de la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina Larval parasitism of Crocidosema (=Epinotia aporema (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae in north-eastern Buenos Aires province (Argentina

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gerardo Liljesthröm

2005-07-01

Full Text Available En la interacción huésped-parasitoide las plantas suelen emitir señales capaces de aumentar la eficiencia de los parasitoides. Las larvas de Crocidosema (=Epinotia aporema (Walsingham se alimentan endofíticamente de leguminosas herbáceas y constituyen una plaga de la soja (Glycine max Merrill. En este estudio analizamos el parasitismo larval de C. aporema en Melilotus albus Medikus, Galega officinalis L, Lupinus albus L y G. max, en el noreste de Buenos Aires. La densidad larval fue mayor en L. albus (109,2 larvas/m² que en las restantes leguminosas: 3,7; 6,9 y 11,3 en M. albus, G. officinalis y G. max, respectivamente. Sin embargo, el parasitismo y número de especies parasitoides fueron menores en L. albus (9,5% por el ectoparasitoide generalista Bracon sp. que en M. albus (32,6%, Bracon sp. y los endoparasitoides Trathala sp.y Bassus sp.; G. officinalis y G. max (26,4% y 50,6% respectivamente, con Trathala sp. y Bracon sp. en ambas. Lupinus albus fue la única especie vegetal que reaccionó a la alimentación de C. aporema con producción de exudados pegajosos y olorosos que podrían haber repelido los endoparasitoides, actuando como un refugio parcial para C. aporema. Además, al ser positivamente seleccionada por C. aporema, esta leguminosa podría utilizarse como franja trampa para su control en cultivos de soja, de manera compatible con tácticas de control biológico por conservación de enemigos naturales.In host-parasitoid interactions, parasitoid efficiency may be increased by different quantity and quality of plant signals. Crocidosema (=Epinotia aporema (Walsingham is a pest on soybean, with larvae feeding endophitically on various herbaceous leguminosae. In this study we analyzed larval parasitism of C. aporema on Melilotus albus Medikus, Galega officinalis L, Lupinus albus L and Glycine max Merrill in the north-east of the Buenos Aires province. Larval density was higher on L. albus (109,2 larvae/m², than on the other

Development of active barriers for removing heavy metals from mine water: Freiberg colliery, Sachsen; Entwicklung aktiver Barrieren fuer die Entfernung von Schwermetallen aus Grubenwaessern am Beispiel der Freiberger Grube, Sachsen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zoumis, T.

2003-07-01

Mine water treatment is costly, difficult, and requires extensive surface installations. The author explains the development of geochemical ('active') barriers of low-cost materials. The materials investigated were industrial residues (red sludge, fly ash, tinder residues, porous concrete residues), natural materials (bark, zeolite, bentonite, hydroxyl apatite), and commercial products (GEH, Ratio Pur MF-S). Investigations focused on density, specific surface, grain size, and acid neutralization capacity. In the final stage, experiments were made on heavy metal removal from a model water. [German] Einen grossen Anteil an der Schwermetallbelastung in Fluessen haben toxische Abwaesser aus Bergbaugebieten (Grubenwaesser). Die Moeglichkeit der Behandlung sind sehr aufwendig, kostenintensiv und nur 'ueber Tage' durchfuehrbar. Die vorliegende Arbeit erlaeutert die Behandlung von Grubenwaessern mit geochemischen ('aktiven') Barrieren. Es werden aktive Barrieren entwickelt, die in einen Schacht eingebracht werden koennen, um eine Schwermetallausbreitung zu unterbinden. In diesem Zusammenhang werden kostenguenstige Materialien untersucht, die Schadstoffe durch chemische und/oder physikalische Mechanismen aus Wasser entfernen koennen. Untersucht wurden industrielle Reststoffe (Rotschlamm, Flugasche, Zunderrueckstaende, Porenbetonabfall), natuerliche Materialien (Baumrinde, Zeolith, Bentonit, Hydroxylapatit) und kommerzielle Produkte (GEH, Ratio Pur MF-S). Die Materialien werden hinsichtlich der Dichte, der spezifischen Oberflaeche, der Korngroesse und der Saeureneutralisationskapazitaet charakterisiert. Anschliessend wurden Versuche zur Schwermetallentfernung aus einem Modellwasser durchgefuehrt. (orig.)

A dualidade presença/ausência nas imagens impressas de Edvard Munch e Andy Warhol: aproximações possíveis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Norma Mobilon

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Ao observar a iconografia na obra impressa desses dois artistas de contextos diversos, é possível estabelecer uma aproximação. Ambos praticaram repetições e variações temáticas/cromáticas. Uma exposição ocorrida no Louisiana Museum of Modern Art (Dinamarca colocou lado a lado os dois artistas. O curador da exposição, Poul Erik Tøjner, afirma que ambos compartilham uma consciência retórica sobre os meios e fins da arte. A retórica de Munch, ancorada no Simbolismo, vai além da reiteração de um pensamento sobre o fantasma da ausência, muitas vezes materializado em mancha, sombra e duplo. Warhol, ao emergir nos anos 1960 em Nova York, escolheu a serigrafia - um meio utilizado na publicidade - para "pintar" os seus ícones - estrelas de Hollywood, quase todas de destino trágico. As suas imagens - Marilyns, cadeiras elétricas, latas de sopa Campbell, etc. - tematizam não a presença desses seres e objetos, e sim sua ausência.

Theoretical and experimental studies on the improvement of the time structure of the extracted electron beam from the stretcher ring ELSA; Theoretische und experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Verbesserung der Zeitstruktur des extrahierten Elektronenstrahls aus dem Stretcherring ELSA

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Neckenig, M.

1993-03-01

The Electron Stretcher Accelerator ELSA of Bonn University is the first electron-pulse-stretcher-ring in the GeV-range. It delivers an external electron beam in the energy range from 500 MeV to 3.5 GeV, with a current between 10 pA and 100 nA, depending on the demands of the experiments. A synchrotron is used to preaccelerate the electrons to energies between 500 MeV and 1.8 GeV. In this energy-range, ELSA is used in the pure stretcher-mode, whereas for higher energies it is used as a post accelerator. For beam extraction, a third-integer resonance, driven by sextupoles, is applied. The problems, delimiting the duty-factor of the extracted beam in the pure stretcher-mode, have been investigated and solved. In this mode, duty-factors - measured by coincidence methods - of up to 55% have been reached, which are of the order of the theoretical limit for the applied extraction method of about 60%. (orig.) [Deutsch] Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, die Phaenomene, die das Tastverhaeltnis des aus ELSA extrahierten Strahles beeinflussen, zu verstehen. Aus dem gewonnenen Verstaendnis heraus sollten Massnahmen getroffen werden, um das Tastverhaeltnis zu verbessern. Die Effekte, die ein gutes Tastverhaeltnis in der Vergangenheit verhindert haben, waren in der Hauptsache ein Stromrippel in den Netzgeraeten der Hauptmagnete sowie die Extraktion aus dem Synchrotron, die nur eine schlechte Fuellung von ELSA erlaubte. Der Rippel wurde durch den Einbau von Filtern in die Netzgeraete behoben. Bei den gegenwaertigen Extraktionszeiten von 20 msec spielt der Rippel nur noch eine geringe Rolle. Die Extraktion aus dem Synchrotron wurde modifiziert, so dass ohne Beschaffung neuer Komponenten eine Verbesserung der ELSA-Fuellung von 40% auf maximal 75% moeglich wurde. Durch eine Reihe von Massnahmen konnte der Wert des Tastverhaeltnisses von 6%-7% kurz nach der Inbetriebnahme auf heute 50%-55% gesteigert werden. Die Extraktion kann durch ein einfaches Modell beschrieben werden, dass alle

Optimization of ruminococcus albus endoglucanase cel5-cbm6 production in plants by incorporating an elp tag and targeting to different subcellular compartments

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pereira, E.O.; Menassa, R. [Western Ontario Univ., London, ON (Canada). Dept. of Biology; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON (Canada); Kolotilin, I. [Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON (Canada)

2009-07-01

The production of biomass-based biofuel such as ethanol depends on the deconstruction of a cellulosic matrix and requires a variety of enzymes that hydrolyze glycosidic bonds to release fermentable sugars. Endoglucanases are one of most important groups of natural cellulosic hydrolytic enzymes that act on cellulose. In order to decrease ethanol production costs, the cost of producing cellulases must also be reduced. Genetically engineered transgenic plants are among the most economical systems for large scale production of recombinant proteins because of the large amount of enzymes that can be produced with minimal input. Cellulases present different levels of expression in different subcellular compartments. Cel5-CBM6 is a fused protein containing an endocellulase from Ruminococus albus (Cel5) and a cellulose binding domain (CBD) of Clostridium stercorarium. It accumulates in both the chloroplast and cytoplasm, but severe growth defects occur when expressed in the cytoplasm. Therefore, other subcellular compartments such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and vacuole must be evaluated and compared to determine the best co partment for production and activity of cellulases. Since elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) has also been shown to increase recombinant protein accumulation in plants, this study evaluated the effects of incorporating an ELP tag and a retrieval signal peptide on the expression levels of Cel5-CBM6.

Migrations and swimming capabilities of endangered pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) to guide passage designs in the fragmented Yellowstone River

Science.gov (United States)

Braaten, P. J.; Elliott, Caroline M.; Rhoten, Jason C.; Fuller, D. B.; McElroy, Brandon J.

2015-01-01

Fragmentation of the Yellowstone River is hypothesized to preclude recruitment of endangered Scaphirhynchus albus (pallid sturgeon) by impeding upstream spawning migrations and access to upstream spawning areas, thereby limiting the length of free-flowing river required for survival of early life stages. Building on this hypothesis, the reach of the Yellowstone River affected by Intake Diversion Dam (IDD) is targeted for modification. Structures including a rock ramp and by-pass channel have been proposed as restoration alternatives to facilitate passage. Limited information on migrations and swimming capabilities of pallid sturgeon is available to guide engineering design specifications for the proposed structures. Migration behavior, pathways (channel routes used during migrations), and swimming capabilities of free-ranging wild adult pallid sturgeon were examined using radiotelemetry, and complemented with hydraulic data obtained along the migration pathways. Migrations of 12–26% of the telemetered pallid sturgeon population persisted to IDD, but upstream passage over the dam was not detected. Observed migration pathways occurred primarily through main channel habitats; however, migrations through side channels up to 3.9 km in length were documented. The majority of pallid sturgeon used depths of 2.2–3.4 m and mean water velocities of 0.89–1.83 m/s while migrating. Results provide inferences on depths, velocities, and habitat heterogeneity of reaches successfully negotiated by pallid sturgeon that may be used to guide designs for structures facilitating passage at IDD. Passage will provide connectivity to potential upstream spawning areas on the Yellowstone River, thereby increasing the likelihood of recruitment for this endangered species.

Drinking water pollution with nickel from water boilers; Nickel-Eintrag aus Wasserkochern ins Trinkwasser

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Helmers, E. [Amt fuer Umweltschutz, Stuttgart (Germany). Chemisches Inst.

1998-07-01

The EU is planning to drop the threshold value for nickel in drinking water down to 20 {mu}g/l (present German threshold value: 50 {mu}g/l). Since ICP-MS-screenings of spot checks of water cookers were striking with respect to nickel, emissions of electrical water cookers have been investigated systematically within this study. As a result, water cookers with open heating coils are emitting relevant amounts of nickel into the water while it is brought to the boil. Investigation of eight preused water cookers with open heating coils revealed that the boiled water contained more than 50 {mu}g Ni/l in one case, more than 20 {mu}g Ni/l in two cases and, between 10 and 20 {mu}g Ni/l in two more cases, respectively. Removing of the lime by the aid of citric acid is increasing the nickel concentrations by a factor of up to 50 (max. 640 {mu}g/l). A new device was checked in a long-term test. During standard use with tapwater, Ni concentrations fall below the detection limit of 5 {mu}g Ni/l (120 cooking events). However, after removing of the lime, 5 times of cooking were necessary in order to diminish the Ni concentrations below the limit of 20 {mu}g/l. In the case of dionized water Ni concentrations below the limit of 20 {mu}g/l. In the case of deionized water Ni concentrations remained between 94 und 190 {mu}g/l. Health risk assessment: The intake of nickel with beverages made from hot water out of these cookers is in the range of 26 {mu}g/day. Considering an alltogether dietary nickel intake of 130-170 (900) {mu}g/day, this is not beyond the scope. However, according to the fact that nickel allergies (dermatitis) are very frequent (up to 13% of the population), this source should be limited or closed. (orig.) [Deutsch] Aus Anlass der geplanten Absenkung des Trinkwassergrenzwertes fuer Nickel auf 20 {mu}g/l sowie aufgrund von Auffaelligkeiten bei Stichprobenuntersuchungen wurde das Nickel-Emissionsverhalten von elektrischen Wassererhitzern betrachtet. Hierbei erwies sich

[Robert Schweitzer. Eine Unveröffentlichte Quelle zur Schulgeschichte von Reval Ferdinand Wiedemanns Geschichte des Revaler Gouvernementsgymnasiums aus dem Jahr 1856] / Paul Kaegbein

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kaegbein, Paul

2008-01-01

Arvustus: Robert Schweitzer. Eine Unveröffentlichte Quelle zur Schulgeschichte von Reval Ferdinand Wiedemanns Geschichte des Revaler Gouvernementsgymnasiums aus dem Jahr 1856. - Buch und Bildung im Baltikum. Münster : LIT, 2005. lk. 495-525. Kubermangugümnaasiumi vanemõpetaja Ferdinand Wiedemann kirjutas 1856. aastal kooli ajaloo, mis mingitel põhjustel jäi avaldamata. Tema tööd on kasutanud 1881. aastal Gotthard von Hansen

Really off? Results of the Land-wide stand-by-function-off campaign of the energy trust Energiestiftung Schleswig-Holstein; Wirklich aus? Ergebnisse der landesweiten Stromsparkampagne der Energiestiftung Schleswig-Holstein

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wortmann, K.; Moehring-Hueser, W. [Energiestiftung Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel (Germany); Schoetz, D. [Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt, Osnabrueck (Germany); Krieg, O. [TNS-Emnid, Bielefeld (Germany)

2002-02-01

The article refers to the energy efficiency campaign launched last year in the Land of Schleswig-Holstein (and reported in ''et'' 51 (2001)). The campaign was intended to enhance awareness of the general public of the money and energy savings that are possible by as simple a measure as to turn off the stand-by function of electric appliances. The results of the campaign in terms of feedback and change in consumer behavior are presented in full detail. (orig./CB) [German] Das Ziel der schleswig-holsteinischen Energieeffizienzkampagne 'aus. wirklich aus?' war es, auf witzig lockere Art aufzuklaeren, den Wunsch nach tieferer Information zu wecken und so schliesslich die Voraussetzung fuer ein geaendertes Nutzungs- und Nachfrageverhalten zu schaffen. Nun liegen exzellente Daten zur Werbewirkungskontrolle vor, die zeigen, dass die Kampagne ihr Ziel erreicht hat. (orig./CB)

Der allerschönste Krieg : [aus "Kõige ilusam sõda"¡ ("Der allerschönste Krieg")] : [luuletused] / Asko Künnap ; tlk. Irja Grönholm ja Gisbert Jänicke

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Künnap, Asko

2006-01-01

Sisu: Der allerschönste Krieg : Ich suchte mein nichtgelebtes Leben ; Wie fühlt sich's Seite an Seite ; So toll, dass wir kommen konnten ; Wie kommt man lebend aus Schweden zurück? ; Im Schlaf vereint ; Ruft die Spinnen - dass sie die Nacht weben ; Du hältst die Welt von mir fern ; Ruder mich zur Insel ; In den Augen des Mädchens aus dem Norden ; Der allerschönste Krieg ; Der Teufel im Sakko zu sechshundert Kronen. Orig.: Kõige ilusam sõda : Otsisin oma elamata jäänud elu ; Kuidas on kõrvuti olla ; Nii tore, et tulla saime ; Kuidas tulla elusana tagasi Rootsist? ; Unes ühes ; Kutsuge ämblikud - las punuvad öö ; Sina hoiad maailma minust ära ; Sõua mind saareni ; Ühe põhjamaa tüdruku silmades ; Kõige ilusam sõda ; Kurat kuuesajakroonises pintsakus

Identificação de marcas moleculares associadas à ausência de sementes em videira Identification of molecular markers associated to the absence of seeds in grapevine

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Veruska Cruz da Silva

2006-06-01

Full Text Available A ausência de sementes tem sido uma característica bastante exigida pelos consumidores de uvas de mesa. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar marcas moleculares associadas à ausência de sementes, utilizando as técnicas RAPD e fAFLP. Foram utilizadas folhas jovens de 19 cultivares. Na análise RAPD 30, iniciadores possibilitaram amplificação de todas as amostras, produzindo 392 bandas polimórficas. Foi possível encontrar uma marca específica para a ausência de sementes, utilizando o iniciador UBC 443, que poderá futuramente ser utilizado para o desenvolvimento de marcadores SCAR, possibilitando a criação de um teste de identificação rápida e precoce de apirenia em videira. A análise fAFLP proporcionou a visualização de um dendrograma com grupos específicos de cultivares com sementes, sem sementes e porta enxertos.Seedless has been an important characteristic of table grapes required by consumers. The objective was to identify molecular markers associated to seedless, by RAPD and fAFLP techniques with young leaves samples of 19 cultivars. Thirty primers were used for RAPD analysis, producing a total of 337 polymorphic bands. It was also to find a specific mark for seedless, using UBC 443 primer. This mark would be transformed in a scar marker, making possible the early identification of seedless grape possible. The fAFLP analysis provided a visualization of a dendrogram with specific groups, separated in three different cultivars: with seeds, without seeds and the rootstocks.

Relação entre ausência do reflexo do músculo estapédio e presença de distúrbios do processamento auditivo (central

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paolla Magalhães Leles

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Objetivo caracterizar e relacionar os achados do reflexo acústico do músculo estapédio em indivíduos com diagnóstico de distúrbios do processamento auditivo (central. Métodos pesquisa transversal descritiva retrospectiva, submetida e aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, sob o protocolo nº 0047/11. Amostra constituiu-se de 83 prontuários de indivíduos de ambos os gêneros (57 masculino e 26 feminino que apresentaram alteração na avaliação do processamento auditivo (central associada à ausência do reflexo acústico. Resultados e Discussão os resultados demonstraram numericamente que as frequências com maior número de ausência do reflexo acústico, tanto na pesquisa contralateral quanto na ipsilateral, foram 4KHz, 3KHz e 500Hz respectivamente, para ambos os gêneros, mas, sem diferença significante no tratamento estatístico. Também, em ambos os grupos, as habilidades auditivas que apresentaram maior frequência de alterações foram figura fundo e ordenação temporal, que sobressaíram em número quando comparadas com as demais habilidades, e sem diferença significante no tratamento estatístico realizado com os testes de Fisher, Quiquadrado e Anova. Conclusão os resultados da presente pesquisa nos levam a concluir que as estruturas do sistema nervoso auditivo central responsáveis pelo sistema do arco reflexo do músculo estapédio, também relacionam-se aos mecanismos fisiológicos auditivos das habilidades auditivas, o que evidencia a possível relação entre a ausência do RA com alterações do distúrbio do processamento auditivo (central.

Development of working hypotheses linking management of the Missouri River to population dynamics of Scaphirhynchus albus (pallid sturgeon)

Science.gov (United States)

Jacobson, Robert B.; Parsley, Michael J.; Annis, Mandy L.; Colvin, Michael E.; Welker, Timothy L.; James, Daniel A.

2016-01-20

This report documents a process of filtering of hypotheses that relate Missouri River Scaphirhynchus albus (pallid sturgeon) population dynamics to management actions including flow alterations, channel reconfigurations, and pallid sturgeon population augmentation. The filtering process was a partnership among U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to contribute to the Missouri River Recovery Management Plan process. The objective of the filtering process was to produce a set of hypotheses with high relevance to pallid sturgeon population dynamics and decision making on the Missouri River. The Missouri River Pallid Sturgeon Effects Analysis team filtered hundreds of potential hypotheses implicit in conceptual ecological models to develop a set of 40 candidate dominant hypotheses that were identified by experts as being important in pallid sturgeon population dynamics. Using a modified Delphi process and additional expert opinion, the team reduced this set of hypotheses to 23 working dominant hypotheses. We then matched the 23 hypotheses with management actions that could influence the biotic outcomes, resulting in as many as 176 potential effects between management actions and pallid sturgeon in the Missouri River. This number was consolidated to a candidate set of 53 working management hypotheses because some management actions applied to multiple life stages of the pallid sturgeon. We used an additional round of expert surveys to identify a set of 30 working management hypotheses. Finally, the set of working management hypotheses was filtered by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Missouri River Recovery Program for actions that were within the agency’s authority and jurisdiction. This round resulted in a set of 21 hypotheses for initial modeling of linkages from management to pallid sturgeon population responses.

Gas supplies from EC member states to customers in the Federal Republic of Germany; Gaslieferungen aus EG-Mitgliedstaaten an Abnehmer in der Bundesrepublik

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lukes, R. [Forschungsstelle Recht und Technik, Muenchen (Germany)

2000-12-01

After implementation of the EU Internal Gas Market Directive in Germany, marketers from EU member states are increasingly interested in entering the German natural gas market. In addition to the legal and competition aspects arising analogous to the internal market in electrity, as e.g. third party access to pipelines, management of physical transactions and use-of-pipeline pricing, natural gas trading of suppliers from EU member states in the German market has to be reviewed also from the angle of section 3 of the EnWG (German act for reform of the energy industry law), in which provisions are set forth governing and defining the case of energy supply to third parties, marketers being obliged to apply for a licence. The legal requirements and the various aspects to be considered are explained in detail. (Orig./CB) [German] Nach Ablauf der Umsetzungsfrist der Gas-Binnenmarktrichtlinie interessieren sich nunmehr auch GVU aus anderen Mitgliedstaaten fuer Gaslieferungen an Abnehmer in der Bundesrepublik. Allerdings tritt neben den beim Strom schon haeufig eroerterten Problemen von Netzzugang, Leitungskapazitaet, Nutzungsentgelt usw. die Frage auf, ob Gasversorgungsunternehmen (GVU) aus anderen Mitgliedstaaten bei Gaslieferungen an Abnehmer in der Bundesrepublik eine Energieversorgung anderer aufnehmen und deshalb der behoerdlichen Genehmigung nach Paragraph 3 EnWG beduerfen. Die Rechtslage wird analysiert. (orig./CB)

Stalin Coctail: Schostakowitsch Kammersinfonie Nr. 2 (aus Streichquartett Nr. 3 op. 73). Pärt, Arvo: Collage über das Thema B-A-C-H / Susanne Benda

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Benda, Susanne

1995-01-01

Uuest heliplaadist "Stalin Coctail: Schostakowitsch Kammersinfonie Nr. 2 (aus Streichquartett Nr. 3 op. 73). Pärt, Arvo: Collage über das Thema B-A-C-H. Cantus in memoriam B. Britten. Denisov Variationen über Haydns Kanon Tod ist ein langer Schlaf. Schtschedrin Stalin Coctail. Moskauer Virtuosen, Vladimir Spivakov. RCA/BMG-Ariola CD 09026 68061 2 (WD: 67'33")

25 Jahre - Institut fuer Geodaesie, Teil 3: Aus dem Leben des Instituts (25 Years - Institute of Geodesy, Part 3: The Life of the Institute)

Science.gov (United States)

2000-01-01

Welsch SCHRIFTENREIHE UNIVERSITAT DER BUNDESWEHR MONCHEN 20080707 028 A %°(w Der Druck dieses Heftes wurde aus Haushaltsmitteln der Universitdt der...Verwendung hi prliziser Ephemeriden. Espe Das Ergebnis der Be- Sali ferr ktal echnungen waren 3d - @ Koordinaten sowie geo- s1fr graphische Koordinaten...1982, Aalborg Un- B. Eissfeller, G. W. Hein: A Contribution to 3d - versity Centre, Denmark. 431 S. Operational Geodesy. Part 4: The Observation Heft 8

Ausência paterna e sua repercussão no desenvolvimento da criança e do adolescente: um relato de caso La ausencia del padre y su repercusión en el desarrollo del niño y del adolescente: un estudio de caso Father absence and its influence on child and adolescent development: a case report

OpenAIRE

Mariana Eizirik; David Simon Bergmann

2004-01-01

A ausência paterna durante o desenvolvimento da criança e do adolescente é um tema complexo, com grandes possibilidades para estudo. É feita uma revisão da literatura a respeito do tema. Discute-se a influência da ausência paterna no desenvolvimento emocional, cognitivo e comportamental da criança e do adolescente. A participação da mãe nessas situações, do ambiente familiar como um todo e dos fatores sociais e econômicos como mediadores das conseqüências da ausência do pai na vida da criança...

Growth potential and habitat requirements of endangered age-0 pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) in the Missouri River, USA, determined using a individual-based model framework

Science.gov (United States)

Deslauriers, David; Heironimus, Laura B.; Rapp, Tobias; Graeb, Brian D. S.; Klumb, Robert A.; Chipps, Steven R.

2018-01-01

An individual-based model framework was used to evaluate growth potential of the federally endangered pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) in the Missouri River. The model, developed for age-0 sturgeon, combines information on functional feeding response, bioenergetics and swimming ability to regulate consumption and growth within a virtual foraging arena. Empirical data on water temperature, water velocity and prey density were obtained from three sites in the Missouri River and used as inputs in the model to evaluate hypotheses concerning factors affecting pallid sturgeon growth. The model was also used to evaluate the impacts of environmental heterogeneity and water velocity on individual growth variability, foraging success and dispersal ability. Growth was simulated for a period of 100 days using 100 individuals (first feeding; 19 mm and 0.035 g) per scenario. Higher growth was shown to occur at sites where high densities of Ephemeroptera and Chironomidae larvae occurred throughout the growing season. Highly heterogeneous habitats (i.e., wide range of environmental conditions) and moderate water velocities (0.3 m/s) were also found to positively affect growth rates. The model developed here provides an important management and conservation tool for evaluating growth hypotheses and(or) identifying habitats in the Missouri River that are favourable to age-0 pallid sturgeon growth.

Effects of intercropping of oat (Avena sativa L.) with white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) on the mobility of target elements for phytoremediation and phytomining in soil solution.

Science.gov (United States)

Wiche, Oliver; Székely, Balazs; Kummer, Nicolai-Alexeji; Moschner, Christin; Heilmeier, Hermann

2016-09-01

This study aims to investigate how intercropping of oat (Avena sativa L.) with white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) affects the mobile fractions of trace metals (Fe, Mn, Pb, Cd, Th, U, Sc, La, Nd, Ge) in soil solution. Oat and white lupin were cultivated in monocultures and mixed cultures with differing oat/white lupin ratios (11% and 33% lupin, respectively). Temporal variation of soil solution chemistry was compared with the mobilization of elements in the rhizosphere of white lupin and concentrations in plant tissues. Relative to the monocrops, intercropping of oat with 11% white lupin significantly increased the concentrations of Fe, Pb, Th, La and Nd in soil solution as well as the concentrations of Fe, Pb, Th, Sc, La and Nd in tissues of oat. Enhanced mobility of the mentioned elements corresponded to a depletion of elements in the rhizosphere soil of white lupin. In mixed cultures with 33% lupin, concentrations in soil solution only slightly increased. We conclude that intercropping with 11% white lupin might be a promising tool for phytoremediation and phytomining research enhancing mobility of essential trace metals as well as elements with relevance for phytoremediation (Pb, Th) and phytomining (La, Nd, Sc) in soil.

Parasitismo larval de Crocidosema (=Epinotia aporema (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae en el noreste de la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gerardo LILJESTHRÖM

2005-01-01

Full Text Available En la interacción huésped-parasitoide las plantas suelen emitir señales capaces de aumentar la eficiencia de los parasitoides. Las larvas de Crocidosema (=Epinotia aporema (Walsingham se alimentan endofíticamente de leguminosas herbáceas y constituyen una plaga de la soja (Glycine max Merrill. En este estudio analizamos el parasitismo larval de C. aporema en Melilotus albus Medikus, Galega officinalis L, Lupinus albus L y G. max, en el noreste de Buenos Aires. La densidad larval fue mayor en L. albus (109,2 larvas/m2 que en las restantes leguminosas: 3,7; 6,9 y 11,3 en M. albus, G. officinalis y G. max, respectivamente. Sin embargo, el parasitismo y número de especies parasitoides fueron menores en L. albus (9,5% por el ectoparasitoide generalista Bracon sp. que en M. albus (32,6%, Bracon sp. y los endoparasitoides Trathala sp.y Bassus sp.; G. officinalis y G. max (26,4% y 50,6% respectivamente, con Trathala sp. y Bracon sp. en ambas. Lupinus albus fue la única especie vegetal que reaccionó a la alimentación de C. aporema con producción de exudados pegajosos y olorosos que podrían haber repelido los endoparasitoides, actuando como un refugio parcial para C. aporema. Además, al ser positivamente seleccionada por C. aporema, esta leguminosa podría utilizarse como franja trampa para su control en cultivos de soja, de manera compatible con tácticas de control biológico por conservación de enemigos naturales.

4. Meeting on cooling towers. From practice - for practice; 4. Kuehlturm-Tagung. Aus der Praxis - Fuer die Praxis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-09-01

The 4th Cooling Tower meeting brought into focus aspects of economic efficiency of the water cooling system, i.e. the papers analyse investment cost and operating cost taking into account environmental policy and interests. Numerous examples from practice are discussed in the papers showing how wet cooling tower design and application-specific selection of design features can influence the performance of the entire system. (orig./CB) [Deutsch] Im Mittelpunkt der 4. Kuehlturm-Tagung steht die Wirtschaftlichkeit der Wasserrueckkuehlanlage, d.h. die Betrachtung der Investitions- und Betriebskosten unter Beruecksichtigung der Belange des Umweltschutzes. Mit Beispielen aus der Praxis zeigen die Referenten, wie sich die Auslegung und Auswahl eines Nasskuehlturms auf das Betriebsergebnis der Anlage auswirken. (orig./GL)

The regulatory network of cluster-root function and development in phosphate-deficient white lupin (Lupinus albus) identified by transcriptome sequencing.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Zhengrui; Straub, Daniel; Yang, Huaiyu; Kania, Angelika; Shen, Jianbo; Ludewig, Uwe; Neumann, Günter

2014-07-01

Lupinus albus serves as model plant for root-induced mobilization of sparingly soluble soil phosphates via the formation of cluster-roots (CRs) that mediate secretion of protons, citrate, phenolics and acid phosphatases (APases). This study employed next-generation sequencing to investigate the molecular mechanisms behind these complex adaptive responses at the transcriptome level. We compared different stages of CR development, including pre-emergent (PE), juvenile (JU) and the mature (MA) stages. The results confirmed that the primary metabolism underwent significant modifications during CR maturation, promoting the biosynthesis of organic acids, as had been deduced from physiological studies. Citrate catabolism was downregulated, associated with citrate accumulation in MA clusters. Upregulation of the phenylpropanoid pathway reflected the accumulation of phenolics. Specific transcript expression of ALMT and MATE transporter genes correlated with the exudation of citrate and flavonoids. The expression of transcripts related to nucleotide degradation and APases in MA clusters coincided with the re-mobilization and hydrolysis of organic phosphate resources. Most interestingly, hormone-related gene expression suggested a central role of ethylene during CR maturation. This was associated with the upregulation of the iron (Fe)-deficiency regulated network that mediates ethylene-induced expression of Fe-deficiency responses in other species. Finally, transcripts related to abscisic acid and jasmonic acid were upregulated in MA clusters, while auxin- and brassinosteroid-related genes and cytokinin receptors were most strongly expressed during CR initiation. Key regulations proposed by the RNA-seq data were confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and some physiological analyses. A model for the gene network regulating CR development and function is presented. © 2014 Scandinavian Plant Physiology Society.

Open Innovation neu denken und steuern: Ein Beitrag aus der Perspektive des Innovationsmanagements an der ETH-Bibliothek

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Franziska Regner

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Der Artikel nennt und erläutert Grundlagen und exemplarische Felder, die sich aus Sicht des Innovationsmanagements an der ETH-Bibliothek anbieten, um Open Innovation zu implementieren und etablierte Methoden des Innovationsmanagements zu erweitern. The article outlines basic principles and exemplary fields concerning the implementation of Open Innovation in order to expand established methods in innovation management. The article is based on the perspective of innovation management at ETH-Bibliothek. Cet article esquisse les principes de base ainsi que des exemples de champs d’action permettant la mise en place d’une innovation ouverte (« open innovation ». La perspective se base sur la gestion de l’innovation à la bibliothèque de l’École polytechnique fédérale de Zurich (ETH.

Sequential heavy metal extraction from dust precipitates and road sediments. Part 2. Sequential heavy metal extraction from urban dust; Sequentielle Schwermetallextraktion aus Staubniederschlaegen und Strassensedimenten. T. 2. Sequentielle Schwermetallextraktion von staedtischen Staeuben

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Heiser, U.; Norra, S.; Stueben, D.; Wagner, M. von [Karlsruhe Univ. (T.H.) (Germany). Inst. fuer Petrographie und Geochemie

1999-03-01

For the application of our method for the sequential extraction of heavy metals from microsamples presented in part 1 (`Sequentielle Schwermetallextraktion von Mikroproben` - `Sequential Extraction of Heavy Metals from Micro Samples`) an investigation was carried out to evaluate airborne dust fallout and street sediments at two urban sites where different heavy metal immission rates occur due to traffic influence. In the street sediments the total concentrations of zinc, copper and lead was three to fivefold higher in the silt and clay fraction (<63 {mu}m) than in the particle size fraction (<1,12 mm), but showed nearly the same mobilisation behaviour. The dust samples showed equal mobilisation behaviour as the street sediments for copper and lead, while zinc was considerably more mobile in the dust samples: In extraction steps I-IV (I: mobile fraction; II: easily deliverable fraction; III: fraction bound to manganese oxides; IV: fraction bound organic to matter) zinc, copper and lead in street sediments, as well as copper and lead in dust samples, were dissolved to 40-70%, whereas about 80% of zinc in the dust samples was already dissolved in extraction step I. (orig.) [Deutsch] Mit Hilfe des in Teil 1 (`Sequentielle Schwermetallextraktion von Mikroproben`) vorgestellten Verfahrens zur sequentiellen Schwermetallextraktion von Mikroproben wurden die Mobilisierbarkeiten von Zink, Kupfer und Blei aus Staubniederschlaegen und aus der Schluff- und Tonfraktion von Strassensedimenten an zwei urbanen Standorten mit unterschiedlicher, verkehrsbedingter Schwermetallbelastung untersucht und miteinander verglichen. In Strassensedimenten wiesen Zink, Kupfer und Blei in der Schluff- und Tonfraktion drei- bis fuenffach hoehere Gesamtgehalte auf als die Korngroessenfraktion <1,12 mm, zeigten aber aehnliches Verhalten in der Mobilisierbarkeit. Bei den Staubproben war die Mobilisierbarkeit von Kupfer und Blei aehnlich wie in den Strassensedimenten, waehrend sich Zink als erheblich

Entfremdung als Strukturmoment von Unterricht? Eine Fallstudie zur Arbeit eines Schülers an der Tafel aus der Sicht der pädagogischen Unterrichtsforschung

OpenAIRE

Twardella, Johannes

2010-01-01

"In den 70er Jahren des 20. Jahrhunderts beobachtete Jules Henry im Rahmen seiner ethnographischen Schulforschungen die Arbeit eines Schülers an der Tafel und interpretierte sie aus einer sozialpsychologischen Perspektive heraus als einen Prozess, in dem ein Schüler lernt, was "Entfremdung" ist. Ausgehend von dieser Deutung wird in dem vorliegenden Aufsatz der Frage nachgegangen, ob der Begriff der Entfremdung auch heute noch für die Erforschung von Unterricht fruchtbar gemacht werden kann. D...

Heating load of buildings. Room heat from decentralized renewable electricity; Heizlast von Gebaeuden. Raumwaerme aus dezentral erneuerbarem Strom

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hartmann, Frank

2013-10-15

If one would like to get the heating load of a building by using peripheral generated electrical energy from photovoltaics or small wind power, one must deal with both the specific building, as well as the heating load, the heating temperature limit and the differentiation of specific heating period for the building. Here, a ground source heat pump with an intelligent energy storage system seems to be the first choice. [German] Moechte man mit dezentral erzeugter elektrischer Energie aus Photovoltaik oder Kleinst-Windkraft die Heizlast eines Gebaeudes besorgen, muss man sich sowohl mit dem spezifischen Gebaeude, als auch mit der Heizlast, der Heizgrenztemperatur und der Differenzierung der spezifischen Heizperiode fuer das Gebaeude auseinandersetzen. Dabei scheint eine erdgekoppelte Waermepumpe mit einem intelligenten Speichersystem die erste Wahl.

MIRANDA - a module based on multiregion resonance theory for generating cross sections within the AUS neutronics code system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Robinson, G.S.

1985-12-01

MIRANDA is the cross-section generation module of the AUS neutronics code system used to prepare multigroup cross-section data which are pertinent to a particular study from a general purpose multigroup library of cross sections. Libraries have been prepared from ENDF/B which are suitable for thermal and fast fission reactors and for fusion blanket studies. The libraries include temperature dependent data, resonance cross sections represented by subgroup parameters and may contain photon as well as neutron data. The MIRANDA module includes a multiregion resonance calculation in slab, cylinder or cluster geometry, a homogeneous B L flux solution, and a group condensation facility. This report documents the modifications to an earlier version of MIRANDA and provides a complete user's manual

Die Energiebranche am Beginn der digitalen Transformation: aus Versorgern werden Utilities 4.0

Science.gov (United States)

Doleski, Oliver D.

Die traditionelle Energieversorgung befindet sich in einer Zäsur. Das seit Jahrzehnten bewährte und stabile Geschäftsmodell einer zuverlässig planbaren, zentralen Energieerzeugung mit anschließender unidirektionaler Verteilung geriet spätestens seit der Energiewende des Jahres 2011 immer mehr unter Druck. Angesichts fortschreitender Digitalisierung und Dezentralisierung einerseits und gestiegener Erwartungshaltung der Kunden gegenüber "ihrem" Versorger andererseits sieht sich die Energiebranche heute einem epochalen Transformationsprozess gegenübergestellt. Bei diesem entwickeln sich aus den monopolistischen Versorgern des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts (Utility 1.0), über die liberalisierten Energieversorgungsunternehmen (Utility 2.0) und Energiedienstleistungsunternehmen (Utility 3.0) heutiger Prägung, die digitalen Energiedienstleistungsunternehmen (Utility 4.0) von morgen. Oliver D. Doleski beschränkt sich in seinem Beitrag nicht auf die reine Beschreibung dieses Veränderungsprozesses an sich. Vielmehr werden darüber hinaus sowohl die mit dieser Entwicklung verbundenen übergeordneten Ziele als auch die wesentlichen Anforderungen an erfolgreiche Utilities 4.0 skizziert. Das Kapitel endet mit einem prägnanten Überblick profitabler Betätigungsfelder, die zur Sicherung der ökonomischen Zukunft von Energiekonzernen, Regionalversorgern und Stadtwerken beitragen können.

Evolving electrical SCLM models of the Australian continent - results of the South Australia AusLAMP deployment

Science.gov (United States)

Robertson, K. E.; Thiel, S.; Heinson, G. S.

2017-12-01

The Australian Lithospheric Architecture Magnetotelluric Project (AusLAMP) is an Australian initiative to map the Australian continental lithosphere using magnetotelluric (MT) stations to obtain a resistivity model of the subsurface. It is a joint project between Geoscience Australia, state surveys, and Universities. We present new MT 3D inversion results of the largest coherent array of the AusLAMP MT deployments to date covering two-thirds of South Australia, funded largely by the Geological Survey of South Australia with additional funding by Geoscience Australia and The University of Adelaide. The model extends across the South Australian Gawler Craton, including the Eucla Basin to the west of the craton and the Flinders Ranges and Curnamona Province to the east. The MT array covers parts of the Australian lithosphere, which has been largely unexplored with seismic tomography methods and provide a unique insight into the tectonic evolution of the continent. We incorporate 284 long-period (10s-10,000s) MT stations separated roughly every half degree latitude and longitude across an area spanning 1200 km x 800 km, south of latitude -28.5 degrees and from longitude 129 degrees to 141 degrees. We invert 24 discrete periods of the impedance tenor between 7 s and 13,000 s, and 22 different periods of the tipper data between 7s-8000 s period. The results show a heterogeneous lower crust and mantle lithosphere with a primarily resistive mantle (>1000 Ωm) lithosphere in the central and western part of the Gawler Craton and Eucla Domain. The model shows a generally NS oriented electric LAB offset from deeper cratonic lithosphere in the west to a shallow lithosphere along the eastern margin of the Gawler Craton extending further east towards the Proterozoic and Phanerozoic eastern part of Australia. The lower crust is generally resistive with elongated lower crustal conductivity anomalies, which are associated with major translithospheric shear zones likely existent

Review: Mäder, Maya (2017: Selbsterfahrung in der Psychotherapie (Self experience in Psychotherapy, Die Bedeutung für den Kompetenzerwerb in der Aus- und Weiterbildung zum transaktionalytischen Psychotherapeuten (The significance for getting competence in training of transactional psychotherapy Münster: Waxmann

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Günther Mohr

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Review: Mäder, Maya (2017: Selbsterfahrung in der Psychotherapie (Self experience in Psychotherapy, Die Bedeutung für den Kompetenzerwerb in der Aus- und Weiterbildung zum transaktionalytischen Psychotherapeuten (The significance for getting competence in training of transactional psychotherapy Münster: Waxmann   Citation - APA format: Mohr, G. (2017. Review: Mäder, Maya (2017: Selbsterfahrung in der Psychotherapie (Self experience in Psychotherapy, Die Bedeutung für den Kompetenzerwerb in der Aus- und Weiterbildung zum transaktionalytischen Psychotherapeuten (The significance for getting competence in training of transactional psychotherapy Münster: Waxmann. International Journal of Transactional Analysis Research & Practice, 8(2, 49-50.

[Rolf Hammel-Kiesow. Der Lübecker Katasterplan des 19. Jahrhunderts als historische Quelle. Überlegungen zur Stadtentwicklung Lübecks aus archäologischer, historischer und bauhistorischen Zicht] / Dennis Hormuth

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Hormuth, Dennis

2013-01-01

Arvustus : Rolf Hammel-Kiesow. Der LÜbecker Katasterplan des 19. Jahrhunderts als historische Quelle. Überlegungen zur Stadtentwicklung Lübecks aus archäologischer, historischer und bauhistorischen Sicht. In: Stadtgründung und Stadterweiterung. Beiträge von Archäologie und Stadtgeschichtsforschung (=Beiträge zur Geschichte der Städte Mitteleuropas XXII). Linz, 2011. S. 75-104

Interkulturelle kommunikative Kompetenz – ein Versuch der Operationalisierung aus dem Fach Deutsch an der dänischen Lehrerausbildung

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bjerre, Kirsten; Daryai-Hansen, Petra

2017-01-01

Mit diesem Artikel versuchen wir, den Begriff 'interkulturelle kommunikative Kompetenz‘ theoretisch zu entwickeln. Wir gehen zunächst der Frage nach, warum im Fach Deutsch als Fremdsprache mit interkultureller kommunikativer Kompetenz gearbeitet werden sollte und welche Herausforderungen sich...... hierbei stellen. Im Anschluss präsentieren wir unser Modell der interkulturellen kommunikativen Kompetenz, das wir für das Fach Deutsch ain der dänischen Lehrerausbildung auf der Grundlage eines Modells von Michael Byram aus dem Jahre 1997 entwickelt haben. Byrams Modell der interkulturellen...... zunächst die Begriffe ‚Kompetenz‘, ‚Kultur‘, ‚kommunikative Kompetenz‘ und ‚interkulturelle Kompetenz‘. Wir konkretisieren die Dimensionen des Modells im Anschluss anhand eines Unterrichtsbeispiels für das Fach Deutsch an der dänischen Einheitsschule („Folkeskole“). Abschließend skizzieren wir, wie unser...

Combustion of high-rank light fraction. First experiences with GAVI/VAM; Verbrennung von heizwertreicher Leichtfraktion. Erste Erfahrungen aus der GAVI-VAM (Wijster)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wandschneider, J. [Goepfert, Reimer und Partner Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH, Hamburg (Germany)

1998-09-01

GAVI/VAM consists of a sorting plant which is topped by an RDF combustion plant. These two plant components are directly linked with each other via an RDF bunker (24 h). The present contribution addresses the main components of the combustion plant individually and points out its special features as compared with crude waste combustion. [Deutsch] Die GAVI/VAM besteht aus einer Sortieranlage mit nachgeschalteter RDF-Verbrennungsanlage, beide Anlagenteile sind durch einen RDF-Bunker (24 h) unmittelbar miteinander verbunden. Nachfolgend werden die wesentlichen Komponenten der Verbrennungsanlage einzeln angesprochen und die Besonderheiten im Vergleich zur Rohmuellverbrennung dargestellt. (orig./SR)

Täter- und Opfergeschichten. Schuld in Alois Hotschnigs Prosawerken «Aus», «Leonardos Hände» und «Ludwigs Zimmer»

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Friederike Gösweiner

2014-05-01

Full Text Available The assumption this article is based on is that guilt is perhaps the most important theme in Alois Hotschnig’s writing. This article therefore aims at analyzing Hotschnig’s focus on the theme of guilt in his novels. Three examples of Hotschnig’s prose work serve as case studies: his debut Aus, and the two novels Leonardos Hände, and Ludwigs Zimmer. Since guilt seems to be a very important topic in the Austrian literary tradition, this article also tries to establish whether and how Hotschnig takes up this grand Austrian tradition of writing about guilt.

Uroboros : [aus "Uroboros"] : [luuletused] / Ene Mihkelson ; tlk. Irja Grönholm ja Gisbert Jänicke

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Mihkelson, Ene, 1944-2017-

2006-01-01

Sisu: Uroboros : "In der Nacht fragt heimlich jemand Wie heisst du..." ; "Am Meer stand ein Mann mit einer Sense..." ; "An dem Tag als es Kugeln regnete..." ; "Zum Zeitvertrieb ersteigerte ich mir auf einer Auktion ein paar..." ; "Sie hat sich mit der Zeit eingelassen und daraus..." ; Das Feld ; "Mutter ist wieder bei mir obgleich..." ; "Wir waren ein Mädchen Wir redeten..." ; "Als ich vier Jahre alt wurde Da wurde so viel..." ; "Wer ist dein Vater Der Fremde aus der Ferne..." ; "Das letzte Wort Das letzte Das letzte Das allein...". Orig.: Uroboros : "Öö aegu keegi küsib sala Mis su nimi on..." ; "Mere ees seisis vikatiga mees..." ; "Sel päeval kui sadas kuulivihma..." ; "Ajaviiteks ostsin enampakkumisel sõpru..." ; "Ta ajaga läinud on sohki ja sellest..." ; Põld ; "Mu ema on jälle mu juures kuigi..." ; "Meid oli üks türduk Me rääkisime..." ; "Kui olin saanud neljaseks Nii väga kiitis..." ; "Kes on su isa Kaugelt tulnud võõras..." ; "Viimast sõna Viimast Viimast Ainu..."

Catalytically supported reduction of emissions from small-scale biomass furnace systems; Katalytisch unterstuetzte Minderung von Emissionen aus Biomasse-Kleinfeuerungsanlagen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hartmann, Ingo; Lenz, Volker; Schenker, Marian; Thiel, Christian [DBFZ Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum gemeinnuetzige GmbH, Leipzig (Germany); Kraus, Markus; Matthes, Mirjam; Roland, Ulf [Helmholtz-Zentrum fuer Umweltforschung GmbH - UFZ, Leipzig (Germany); Bindig, Rene; Einicke, Wolf-Dietrich [Leipzig Univ. (Germany)

2011-06-29

total oxidation of the pollutants normally, an external heating, preferably by electrical method, is necessary. The electrostatic pre-separation of dust can reduce the dust loading of the catalyst significantly. An influence of the catalytic exhaust gas after-treatment on the dust composition based on the present investigations could not be clearly proven, but a dramatic impact, however, can be excluded from the studies. [German] Die verstaerkte Nutzung von fester Biomasse in Kleinfeuerungsanlagen zur Erzeugung von Waerme aus regenerativen Energiequellen geht leider mit einem erhoehten Ausstoss an luftgetragenen Schadstoffen einher. Die Minderung ist einerseits durch den Einsatz hochwertiger moderner Feuerungen nach dem neusten Stand der Technik moeglich. Andererseits werden derzeit mehrere vielversprechende Verfahrensansaetze zur Nachruestung von Kleinfeuerungen entwickelt, die eine effektive Emissionsminderung durch die nachtraegliche Behandlung des Abgases erlauben sollen. Die im Rahmen dieses Projektes erarbeitete Uebersicht der am Markt verfuegbaren oder in aktuellen Forschungsprojekten in der Entwicklung befindlichen sekundaeren Emissionsminderungstechniken an Biomasse-Kleinfeuerungsanlagen zeigt, dass weiterhin erheblicher Forschungsbedarf zur nachhaltigen Waermeerzeugung aus biogenen Festbrennstoffen besteht. Die Novellierung der 1. BImSchV sieht eine notwendige drastische Reduzierung von ausgestossenen Luftschadstoffen aus Biomasse-Kleinfeuerungsanlagen vor. Beim Einsatz des Brennstoffes Holz in modernen Zentralheizungskesseln koennen bei Volllast die geforderten Grenzwerte eingehalten werden. Dynamische Lastaenderungen koennen jedoch auch bei Holzzentralheizungskesseln kurzzeitige drastische missionsanstiege bewirken. Feuerraum- und Regelungsoptimierungen muessen in Zukunft zu einer weiteren Absenkung von Emissionswerten beitragen. Die typischen einfachen Einzelraumfeuerstaetten wie handbeschickte Stueckholzfeuerungen sind unter Typenpruefbedingungen zur

Catalytically supported reduction of emissions from small-scale biomass furnace systems; Katalytisch unterstuetzte Minderung von Emissionen aus Biomasse-Kleinfeuerungsanlagen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hartmann, Ingo; Lenz, Volker; Schenker, Marian; Thiel, Christian [DBFZ Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum gemeinnuetzige GmbH, Leipzig (Germany); Kraus, Markus; Matthes, Mirjam; Roland, Ulf [Helmholtz-Zentrum fuer Umweltforschung GmbH - UFZ, Leipzig (Germany); Bindig, Rene; Einicke, Wolf-Dietrich [Leipzig Univ. (Germany)

2011-06-29

total oxidation of the pollutants normally, an external heating, preferably by electrical method, is necessary. The electrostatic pre-separation of dust can reduce the dust loading of the catalyst significantly. An influence of the catalytic exhaust gas after-treatment on the dust composition based on the present investigations could not be clearly proven, but a dramatic impact, however, can be excluded from the studies. [German] Die verstaerkte Nutzung von fester Biomasse in Kleinfeuerungsanlagen zur Erzeugung von Waerme aus regenerativen Energiequellen geht leider mit einem erhoehten Ausstoss an luftgetragenen Schadstoffen einher. Die Minderung ist einerseits durch den Einsatz hochwertiger moderner Feuerungen nach dem neusten Stand der Technik moeglich. Andererseits werden derzeit mehrere vielversprechende Verfahrensansaetze zur Nachruestung von Kleinfeuerungen entwickelt, die eine effektive Emissionsminderung durch die nachtraegliche Behandlung des Abgases erlauben sollen. Die im Rahmen dieses Projektes erarbeitete Uebersicht der am Markt verfuegbaren oder in aktuellen Forschungsprojekten in der Entwicklung befindlichen sekundaeren Emissionsminderungstechniken an Biomasse-Kleinfeuerungsanlagen zeigt, dass weiterhin erheblicher Forschungsbedarf zur nachhaltigen Waermeerzeugung aus biogenen Festbrennstoffen besteht. Die Novellierung der 1. BImSchV sieht eine notwendige drastische Reduzierung von ausgestossenen Luftschadstoffen aus Biomasse-Kleinfeuerungsanlagen vor. Beim Einsatz des Brennstoffes Holz in modernen Zentralheizungskesseln koennen bei Volllast die geforderten Grenzwerte eingehalten werden. Dynamische Lastaenderungen koennen jedoch auch bei Holzzentralheizungskesseln kurzzeitige drastische missionsanstiege bewirken. Feuerraum- und Regelungsoptimierungen muessen in Zukunft zu einer weiteren Absenkung von Emissionswerten beitragen. Die typischen einfachen Einzelraumfeuerstaetten wie handbeschickte Stueckholzfeuerungen sind unter Typenpruefbedingungen zur

Large-volume heat storage tank made of GFK; Grosswaermespeichertank aus GFK

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Buehl, J.; Schultheis, P. [Technische Univ. Ilmenau (Germany). Fachgebiet Technische Thermodynamik

1998-12-31

The Technical University of Ilmenau, the company Verbundwerkstoff- und Kunststoffanwendungstechnik Schoenbrunn, the Institute for Aerospace and Light-weight construction of Dresden University with its approved testing facilities for plastics and the Institute for Construction Engineering in Berlin and several other institutions co-operated since 1996 in developing a concept for a series of long-term heat storage tanks up to 6,000 cubic metres storage volume made of plastic (GFK components) with a combined thermal insulation. A model tank (sandwich body with proportional thermal insulation layer and selected mixed laminates) with a volume of 1.5 cubic metres was built and installed in November 1996. The tank has been continuously operated at various test levels. The experiment proves the longevity of the materials used. (orig.) [Deutsch] In Zusammenarbeit der TU Ilmenau mit der Fa. Verbundwerkstoff - und Kunststoffanwendungstechnik Schoenbrunn und dem Institut fuer Luftfahrttechnik und Leichtbau Dresden, seiner akkredierten Pruefstelle fuer Kunststoffe, in Abstimmung mit dem Institut fuer Bautechnik Berlin und weiteren Einrichtungen und Partnern wird seit 1996 an einem Konzept fuer eine Typenreihe Langzeitwaermespeicher bis vorerst 6.000 m{sup 3} Speichervolumen aus Kunststoff (GFK-Komponenten) und kombinierter integrierter thermischer Isolation gearbeitet. Im Vorfeld dieser Entwicklung wurde auf der Basis vorausgewaehlter Materialien und Kompositionen ein Musterspeicher (ein Sandwich - Modellkoerper mit proportionaler Waermedaemmschicht sowie ausgewaehlten Mischlaminaten) mit einem Speichervolumen von 1,5 m{sup 3} realisiert. Dieser Musterspeicher wurde im November 1996 installiert und wird seither kontinuierlich in den entsprechenden Erprobungsstufen betrieben. Der Nachweis der Langlebigkeit der eingesetzten Materialien wurde experimentell erbracht. (orig.)

Comunicação interatrial do tipo seio coronário, comunicação interventricular e ausência de veia cava superior esquerda

OpenAIRE

Almeida,Fábio Alves; Pedra,Carlos Augusto Cardoso; Jesus,Carlos Augusto de; Pedra,Simone Rolim Fernandes Fontes; Fontes,Valmir Fernandes; Sousa,Luís Carlos Bento de

1998-01-01

Relatamos um caso raro de um paciente de 21 meses, portador de comunicação interatrial do tipo seio coronário, associada a comunicação interventricular perimembranosa, e ausência de veia cava superior esquerda. O diagnóstico foi realizado através da ecocardiografia e confirmado pela angiografia. O paciente foi operado sem intercorrências, ambos os defeitos foram fechados com patch de pericárdio bovino e o fluxo das veias coronárias ficou direcionado para o átrio esquerdo. Um ecocardiograma mo...

Long-term performance of a RTO plant with acid scrubber for treatment of the composter waste air of a mechanical-biological waste treatment plant (Lufttechnik Bayreuth); Erfahrungen aus dem Dauerbetrieb einer RTO mit saurem Waescher zur Behandlung der Rotteabluft einer MBA (Lufttechnik Bayreuth)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sterzik, J. [Lufttechnik Bayreuth GmbH und Co. KG, Goldkronach (Germany)

2003-07-01

It is well known that RTO (regenerative thermal oxidation) systems can purify hydrocarbons effectively and efficiently. A number of experiments carried out in Germany and Austria showed that RTO systems are also suited for purification of composter waste air. The positive results show how the specified limiting values can be achieved. [German] Aus zahlreichen Anwendungen in der Industrie ist bekannt gewesen, dass RTOs (regenerativ thermische Oxidation) in der Lage sind, Kohlenwasserstoffe effektiv und effizient zu reinigen. Um den Nachweis zu erbringen, dass RTOs auch die Kohlenwasserstoffe aus der Abluft von Rotten beseitigen koennen, wurden in Deutschland und Oesterreich eine Reihe von Versuchen durchgefuehrt. Die durchweg positiven Ergebnisse zeigten einen klaren Loesungsweg zur Erreichung der geforderten Grenzwerte. (orig.)

Comparison of different methods of assessing the tar content of gases from wood gasification; Vergleich verschiedener Methoden zur Bestimmung des Teergehalts in Gasen aus der Holzvergasung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Moersch, O; Spliethoff, H; Hein, K R.G. [Stuttgart Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Verfahrenstechnik und Dampfkesselwesen

1998-09-01

The authors present a method developed at the Institute of Chemical Engineering and Steam Boiler Technology (IVD) of Stuttgart University for quasi-continuous online measurement of tar concentrations in gases from biomass gasification. The method is compared with other methods in terms of time requirements, accuracy, and cost: Gravimetry, wet chemical analysis, solid phase amino-adsorption (SPA), and online process gas chromatography. The measurements were carried out on the fluidized-bed combustion system of the IVD. Wood was gasified at 800 degrees centigrade with a fuel/air ratio of 0.25. The measured tar concentrations differed widely, i.e. between 0.8 and 6.8 g per cubic metre. (orig.) [Deutsch] In dieser Arbeit wird ein am Institut fuer Verfahrenstechnik und Dampfkesselwesen (IVD) entwickeltes Verfahren zur quasikontinuierlichen Online-Messung des Teergehalts im Gas aus der Biomassevergasung vorgestellt und mit anderen Methoden aus der Literatur im Hinblick auf Zeitaufwand, Genauigkeit und Kosten verglichen. Untersucht wurden dabei eine gravimetrische Methode, die nasschemische Bestimmung, das Solid-Phase-Amino Adsorptionsverfahren (SPA), sowie die Online Analyse mittels Prozess-Gaschromatograph. Die Messungen wurden an der Wirbelschichtvergasungsanlage des IVD durchgefuehrt. Vergast wurde Holz bei 800 C und einer Luftzahl von 0.25. Der mit den verschiedenen Verfahren ermittelte Teergehalt unterscheidet sich zum Teil erheblich. Es ergaben sich Werte zwischen 0.8 und 6.8 g/m{sup 3}. (orig.)

Natural growth and diet of known-age pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) early life stages in the upper Missouri River basin, Montana and North Dakota

Science.gov (United States)

Braaten, P.J.; Fuller, D.B.; Lott, R.D.; Haddix, T.M.; Holte, L.D.; Wilson, R.H.; Bartron, M.L.; Kalie, J.A.; DeHaan, P.W.; Ardren, W.R.; Holm, R.J.; Jaeger, M.E.

2012-01-01

Prior to anthropogenic modifications, the historic Missouri River provided ecological conditions suitable for reproduction, growth, and survival of pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus. However, little information is available to discern whether altered conditions in the contemporary Missouri River are suitable for feeding, growth and survival of endangered pallid sturgeon during the early life stages. In 2004 and 2007, nearly 600 000 pallid sturgeon free embryos and larvae were released in the upper Missouri River and survivors from these releases were collected during 2004–2010 to quantify natural growth rates and diet composition. Based on genetic analysis and known-age at release (1–17 days post-hatch, dph), age at capture (dph, years) could be determined for each survivor. Totals of 23 and 28 survivors from the 2004 and 2007 releases, respectively, were sampled. Growth of pallid sturgeon was rapid (1.91 mm day−1) during the initial 13–48 dph, then slowed as fish approached maximum length (120–140 mm) towards the end of the first growing season. The diet of young-of-year pallid sturgeon was comprised of Diptera larvae, Diptera pupae, and Ephemeroptera nymphs. Growth of pallid sturgeon from ages 1–6 years was about 48.0 mm year−1. This study provides the first assessment of natural growth and diet of young pallid sturgeon in the wild. Results depict pallid sturgeon growth trajectories that may be expected for naturally produced wild stocks under contemporary habitat conditions in the Missouri River and Yellowstone River.

Studies for reconstruction efficiency and background measurements of {tau} lepton identification in Z {yields} {tau}{tau} decays in data of the ATLAS experiment; Studien zur Messung von Rekonstruktionseffizienz und Untergrund der {tau}-Lepton-Identifikation im Zerfall Z {yields} {tau}{tau} beim ATLAS-Experiment aus Daten

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Johnert, Sebastian

2008-11-15

In this diploma thesis two methods are presented, by which {tau} leptons shall be studied in the future data of the ATLAS experiment. The first part is formed by the determination of misidentification rates of jets from QCD 2-jet events as {tau} particles. The second part is the development of a method for the determination of the {tau} reconstruction and identification efficiency relatively to the {mu} efficiency. In this connection invariant masses from Z{yields}ll events are determined, the masses from Z{yields}{tau}{tau} events compared with those from Z{yields}ee and Z{yields}{mu}{mu}, {tau} efficiencies averaged over all ranges and in different {eta} ranges calculated as well as a mehtod for the determination of {tau} efficiencies in different transverse-momentum ranges presented. Furthermore an improved estimation of the QCD background is performed and the behaviour of the {tau} efficiency under regardment of the trigger studied. [German] In dieser Diplomarbeit werden zwei Methoden vorgestellt, mit denen {tau}-Leptonen in den zukuenftigen Daten des ATLAS-Experiments untersucht werden sollen. Den ersten Teil bildet die Bestimmung von Missidentifikationsraten von Jets aus QCD-2-Jet-Ereignissen als {tau}-Leptonen. Der zweite Teil ist die Entwicklung einer Methode zur Bestimmung der {tau}-Rekonstruktions und -Identifikationseffizienz relativ zur {mu}-Effizienz. In diesem Zusammenhang werden invariante Massen aus Z {yields} ll-Ereignissen bestimmt, die Massen aus Z {yields} {tau}{tau}-Ereignissen mit denen aus Z {yields} ee und Z {yields} {mu}{mu} verglichen, {tau}-Effizienzen gemittelt ueber alle Bereiche und in verschiedenen {eta}-Bereichen berechnet sowie eine Moeglichkeit zur Bestimmung von {tau}-Effizienzen in unterschiedlichen Transversalimpulsbereichen vorgestellt. Des Weiteren wird eine verbesserte Abschaetzung des QCD-Untergrunds vorgenommen und das Verhalten der {tau}-Effizienz unter Beruecksichtigung des Triggers untersucht. (orig.)

Trauma. Die Spirale zwischenmenschlicher Gewalt aus feministisch-psychotherapeutischer Perspektive Trauma—The Spiral of Interpersonal Violence from a Feminist-Psychoanalytic Perspective

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Christina Kleiser

2005-11-01

Full Text Available Die Psychotherapeutin Michaela Huber hat auf knapp sechshundert Seiten ein gleichermaßen sensibles wie engagiertes „Standardwerk“ der Traumabehandlung geschrieben. Die Zuerkennung dieser Auszeichnung durch das Österreichische Netzwerk für Traumatherapie erfolgt zu Recht. Vom Standpunkt der so genannten empathischen Abstinenz aus vermittelt Huber auf anspruchsvolle, doch durchweg gut verständliche Weise, wie ein Trauma entsteht und wirkt, was man sich unter einer Traumabehandlung vorzustellen hat und worauf es ankommt, wenn die komplexe Dynamik zwischen Täter, Täterin, Opfern und Überlebenden zwischenmenschlicher Gewalt durchbrochen werden soll. Geschrieben hat sie für Betroffene und deren Angehörige, für Fachkolleginnen und -kollegen sowie für alle in irgendeiner Form an der Thematik Interessierten. All jenen, die sich etwa aus philosophischer, kultur-, literatur-, geschichtswissenschaftlicher und/oder geschlechtertheoretischer Perspektive mit dem Phänomen des Traumas beschäftigen, seien die in zwei Teilbänden versammelten Erfahrungen, Erkenntnisse und Ergebnisse der jüngsten Psychotraumatologie als Grundlagenlektüre nahe gelegt.The psychotherapist Michela Huber has written an almost 600 page “standard work” of trauma therapy that is as sensitive as it is engaged. The deserved distinction was awarded by the Austrian Network for Trauma Therapy. From the standpoint of so-called empathetic abstinence, Huber explains in a demanding yet understandable manner how trauma occurs and what its effects are, what one can expect of trauma therapy and what needs to take place if the complex dynamic of interpersonal violence between perpetrator, victim, and survivor is to be broken. She wrote for victims and their families, for colleagues, and for all those who are interested in the subject in any form. The two-volume collection of the experiences, incite, and results of the most recent psychotraumatology is a strongly recommended read

Herausforderungen beim Aufbau und bei der Pflege einer Bilddatenbank – ein Anwendungsbeispiel aus dem Digitalen Forschungsarchiv Byzanz (DiFAB

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nina Rannharter

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Mit Metadaten versehene, digital archivierte Bilder sind aufgrund ihrer hohen Komplexität eine ständige Herausforderung für den Aufbau von Metadatenstrukturen und für das Beibehalten von adäquaten Metadatenstandards in Bilddatenbanken. Besonders bei Bildern über eine materielle Kultur zeichnet sich diese Komplexität in den diversen Ebenen ab. Zur Verdeutlichung dieser Problematik dient ein einzelnes Monument mit seiner fotographischen Dokumentation als geisteswissenschaftliches Anwendungsbeispiel aus dem Digitalen Forschungsarchiv Byzanz (DiFAB der Universität Wien. Unter der grundsätzlichen Berücksichtigung der künftigen Anforderungen und der einfachen Navigation von Metadaten beinhaltet dieser Beitrag u. a. die Herausforderungen mit den diversen analogen und digitalen Formen der Dokumentation, der historischen Geographie, der kulturspezifischen Terminologie sowie mit der kunsthistorischen Bedeutung einer exakten und unscharfen Datierung für Forschungsarchive.

Help-seeking for mental health problems from the patient perspective – A qualitative study / Das Hilfe(aufsuchen bei psychischen Gesundheitsproblemen aus der Betroffenenperspektive – Eine qualitative Studie

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Tola Eva

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Hintergrund: Für Menschen mit psychischen Gesundheitsproblemen ist eine frühzeitige fachspezifische Betreuung wichtig, um u. a. einen chronisch-progredienten Verlauf abzuwenden. Gezielte professionell initiierte Interventionen zur Stabilisierung der psychischen Gesundheit sind jedoch nur möglich, wenn Betroffene formelle Unterstützung aufsuchen. Gründe für die geringe Inanspruchnahme formeller Angebote wurden bisher kaum aus der Perspektive der Betroffenen untersucht. Insgesamt existiert wenig Wissen zum Hilfe(aufsuchverhalten („Help-Seeking“ von Menschen mit psychischen Gesundheitsproblemen.

Aus der Forschungspraxis: Journalism in a Global Context – Perspektiven für Afrika und Herausforderungen für Europa

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Susanne Fengler

2016-08-01

Full Text Available In der gegenwärtigen Flüchtlingskrise zeigt sich auf eklatante Weise das Informationsdefizit, das die gegenseitige mediale Wahrnehmung der europäischen und afrikanischen Länder bestimmt. Während in Deutschland und Europa Fluchtursachen und -motive zumeist junger afrikanischer Migranten falsch eingeschätzt und innerkontinentale Migrationsprozesse in Afrika nur marginal in europäischen Medien thematisiert werden, nehmen auch viele Menschen in afrikanischen Ländern nur Ausschnitte aus der Realität des Lebens in Deutschland bzw. Europa wahr. Hieran hat auch die mangelnde Medienberichterstattung in afrikanischen Ländern über Hintergründe und Folgen der Flüchtlingsbewegungen erheblichen Anteil. Der Werkstattbericht bietet auf Grundlage von zwei deutsch-afrikanischen Konferenzen, Literatursichtung und eigenen Studien eine Einschätzung der Berichterstattung auf beiden Kontinenten.

Final Environmental Assessment for Wide Area Coverage Construct Land Mobile Network Communications Infrastructure Malmstrom Air Force Base, Montana

Science.gov (United States)

2008-02-01

Comunication Site ...................................................................................................2-29 3-1 Pallid Sturgeon Habitat...and Endangered Species within the ROI Common Name Scientific Name Federal Status Fish Pallid Sturgeon Scaphirynchus albus E Birds Bald Eagle...listed in Table 1. 2 --’ Common Name Scientific Name Fish I Scaphirhynchus albus Haliaeetus leucoce halus Charadrius melodus m Grizzly Bear Ursus

FORMULAÇÃO DE EXTRATO AQUOSO DE TREMOÇO BRANCO (LUPINUS ALBUS L. ADICIONADO DE SUCO DE PITANGA UTILIZANDO METODOLOGIA DE SUPERFÍCIE DE RESPOSTA

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Juliana Aparecida BOTARO

2011-01-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi verifi car, através da metodologia de superfície de resposta, as melhores condições para a utilização simultânea de extrato aquoso de tremoço branco (Lupinus albus L. e de suco de pitanga (Eugenia unifl ora L. no desenvolvimento de uma bebida. Para tanto, as variáveis independentes foram representadas pelo volume de extrato aquoso de tremoço (mL e pelo volume de suco de pitanga (mL. As variáveis dependentes (respostas foram obtidas através de teste sensorial de aceitação (“aparência”, “aroma”, “sabor” e “impressão global”. A otimização conjunta das variáveis apontou o ensaio 2 (50mL de extrato aquoso de tremoço e 30mL de suco de pitanga do planejamento experimental como sendo o ótimo. Pode-se concluir que foi possível obter uma bebida com características sensoriais atrativas, utilizando extrato aquoso de tremoço e suco de pitanga. O uso da metodologia de superfície de resposta possibilitou a determinação de regiões de máxima aceitação para cada atributo avaliado na formulação da bebida contendo extrato aquoso de tremoço branco e suco de pitanga com um número mínimo de ensaios.

Organic trace substances as emissions from incineration plants and their humane toxicological and eco-toxicological classification. Organic emissions; Organische Spurenstoffe als Emissionen aus Verbrennungsanlagen und deren humantoxikologische und oekotoxikologische Einordnung. T. 1. Organische Emissionen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kaiser, G.; Wiedmann, T.; Ballschmiter, K.

1998-02-01

This report (`Organic Trace Compounds as Emissions of Incineration Plants and their Toxicological and Ecotoxicological Classification - Part 1: Organic Emissions`) describes the reaction pathways in the flame chemistry of organic materials. Possible organic products of incomplete combustion formed at the trace level in various processes are summarized. The emissions of organic compounds from municipal waste incineration plants are named in detail and compared to those of other combustion processes, like e.g. the combustion of coal, sewage sludge or fuels. Quantitative figures are given if available. (orig.) [Deutsch] Im vorliegenden Arbeitsbericht (`Organische Spurenstoffe als Emissionen aus Verbrennungsanlagen und deren humantoxikologische und oekotoxikologische Einordnung - Teil 1: Organische Emissionen`) werden die grundlegenden chemischen Prozesse bei der unvollstaendigen Verbrennung von organischem Material beschrieben und die dabei als Spurenstoffe entstehenden Substanzklassen benannt. Im Tabellenteil werden die Emissionen von organischen Verbindungen aus Abfallverbrennungsanlagen qualitativ und quantitativ mit den Emissionen bei anderen thermischen Prozessen - z.B. Verbrennung von Kohle, Klaerschlamm oder Treibstoffen - verglichen. Dabei wurde auf groesstmoegliche stoffliche Differenzierung und vollstaendige Erfassung der Emissionen geachtet. (orig.)

Objectively measured sedentary time, physical activity, and metabolic risk: the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab).

Science.gov (United States)

Healy, Genevieve N; Wijndaele, Katrien; Dunstan, David W; Shaw, Jonathan E; Salmon, Jo; Zimmet, Paul Z; Owen, Neville

2008-02-01

We examined the associations of objectively measured sedentary time and physical activity with continuous indexes of metabolic risk in Australian adults without known diabetes. An accelerometer was used to derive the percentage of monitoring time spent sedentary and in light-intensity and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity activity, as well as mean activity intensity, in 169 Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab) participants (mean age 53.4 years). Associations with waist circumference, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, resting blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, and a clustered metabolic risk score were examined. Independent of time spent in moderate-to-vigorous-intensity activity, there were significant associations of sedentary time, light-intensity time, and mean activity intensity with waist circumference and clustered metabolic risk. Independent of waist circumference, moderate-to-vigorous-intensity activity time was significantly beneficially associated with triglycerides. These findings highlight the importance of decreasing sedentary time, as well as increasing time spent in physical activity, for metabolic health.

Testing of corrosion resistant materials for evaporation plants for waste water from wet scrubbing of flue gas from power plants; Erprobung korrosionsbestaendiger Werkstoffe fuer Eindampfanlagen fuer Abwasser aus der Rauchgasreinigung von Grossfeuerungsanlagen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Riedel, G. [Institut fuer Korrosionsschutz GmbH, Dresden (Germany); Stenner, F.; Brill, U. [Krupp-VDM GmbH, Werdohl (Germany)

2001-07-01

High alloyed superaustenitic steels and NiCrMo alloys are recommended in consequence of the results of extensive laboratory corrosion experiments under the strong corrosive conditions with up to 360 g chloride content at temperatures up to 85 C. Because results of laboratory corrosion tests are only of limited relevance to the behaviour in practice, field tests were carried out with immersion of welded materials and of heat exchanger tubes under operating conditions of an evaporation plant for waste water from flue gas desulphurization of a coal-fired power plant. Different kinds of high alloy superaustenitic steels and NiCrMo alloys were studied as TIG-welded specimens in immersion tests. (orig.) [German] Hochlegierte Sonderedelstaehle und NiCrMo-Legierungen empfehlen sich aufgrund der Ergebnisse umfassender Laboruntersuchungen unter den stark korrosiven Bedingungen fuer Eindampfanlagen fuer Abwasser aus der Nassreinigung von Rauchgasen von Grossfeuerungsanlagen mit bis zu 360 g/l Chloridgehalt und Temperaturen bis zu 85 C. Weil aber Ergebnisse von Laborpruefungen nur begrenzte Aussagefaehigkeit fuer das Verhalten unter Praxisbedingungen haben, wurden Feldversuche mit der Auslagerung geschweisster Werkstoffe und von Waermetauscherrohren unter Betriebsbedingungen einer Eindampfanlage fuer Abwasser aus der Rauchgasentschwefelung eines kohlebefeuerten Kraftwerks durchgefuehrt. (orig.)

Phyto remediation of PAH contaminated soil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Petruzzelli, G.; Pedron, F.; Barbafieri, M.; Cervelli, St.; Vigna Guidi, G.

2005-01-01

Phyto-remediation may enhance degradation of organic compounds promoting an adequate substrate for microbial growth. The aim of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of two plant species, Lupinus albus and Zea mais, in the bio-remediation of a PAH contaminated soil. This soil has been collected in a contaminated industrial area in Italy characterized by PAH concentrations up to 16000 mg/Kg. Microcosms experiments were carried out by planting Lupinus albus and Zea mais in the polluted soil; controls without plants were run separately. Growing period lasted by three months. Plants favoured PAH biodegradation by percentages of 32% with Lupinus albus and 22% with Zea mais, with respect to non vegetated microcosms. (authors)

Process combination of thermo pressure hydrolysis and fermentation for innovative processing of residual biogenous mass; Verfahrenskombination aus Thermodruckhydrolyse und Vergaerung zur innovativen Verwertung biogener Restmassen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Prechtl, S.; Merkl, M.; Schieder, D.; Schneider, R.; Bischof, F. [Applikations- und Technikzentrum fuer Energieverfahrens-, Umwelt- und Stroemungstechnik (ATZ-EVUS), Sulzbach-Rosenberg (Germany)

1999-07-01

The described processing technique consisting of topped thermal hydrolysis and downstream fermentation is particularly suitable for wet, low-structure organic waste. High turnover rates at short treatment times permit to minimize residues effectively, yield a fair amount of biogas and allow compact design because of low fermenter volumes, which has a positive impact on investment cost. (orig.) [German] Das vorgestellt Verwertungsverfahren bestehend aus vorgeschalteter thermischer Hydrolyse und nachgeschalteter Vergaerung eignet sich besonders fuer nasse, strukturarme organische Abfaelle. Hohe Umsatzraten bei kurzen Behandlungszeiten ermoeglichen eine gute Reststoffminimierung und Biogasausbeute sowie eine kompakte Bauweise durch kleine Fermentervolumina, was sich positiv auf die Investitionskosten auswirkt. (orig.)

Capacidade para o trabalho, saúde e ausência por doença de trabalhadoras de um centro de pesquisa por grupos de idade

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Maria Silvia Monteiro

Full Text Available Este estudo avaliou a capacidade para o trabalho de trabalhadoras brasileiras por grupo de idade e ocupação e analisou as ausências por doença registradas durante um ano. A capacidade para o trabalho das mulheres foi avaliada através do Índice de Capacidade para o Trabalho, desenvolvido por pesquisadores finlandeses. Este instrumento é baseado na autopercepção dos trabalhadores e é composto de sete itens. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida no Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de uma companhia de alta tecnologia. A taxa de resposta final dos sujeitos foi de 38%. Este artigo inclui somente as trabalhadoras (n=43. A idade dos sujeitos variou de 35 a 54 anos e 79% deles tinham curso universitário. O índice de capacidade para o trabalho médio foi semelhante no grupo mais jovem e no grupo mais velho. A análise dos itens do índice mostrou diferença estatisticamente significante em relação às exigências físicas do trabalho na direção do grupo mais jovem. Em relação ao número de doenças com diagnóstico médico, à ausência por doença no último ano e aos recursos mentais, o grupo mais velho teve melhor desempenho. A promoção de atividades deve ser planejada com o objetivo de reduzir a carga física de trabalho das trabalhadoras mais velhas e de prevenir as doenças mais prevalentes entre todas as trabalhadoras.

Clay stones of the deep Namur as potental sources of nitrogen of Northwest-German natural gases - first indications from the pyrolisis tests; Tonsteine des tiefen Namur als potentielle Stickstoffquellen nordwestdeutscher Erdgase - erste Indizien aus Pyrolyseuntersuchungen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Krooss, B.M. [Forschungszentrum Juelich (Germany). Inst. fuer Erdoel und organische Geochemie; Karg, H. [RWTH Aachen (Germany)

1998-12-31

The content of molecular nitrogen in the natural gas deposits of the Northwest-German basin can show values of up to 100 volume percent (nitrogen province) and therefore carry a high exploration risk. Analysis of the generation of the gas from carboniferous clay stone by means of open pyrolysis shows that the nitrogen generation potential is relatively high when compared to coal (according to TOC standards). This analysis enabled the determination of generation graphs for nitrogen, partly also for methane, from Namur clay stones of a maturity between 2.81 and 3.86 volume percent. (orig.). [Deutsch] Die Gehalte an molekularem Stickstoff (N{sub 2}) in Erdgaslagerstaetten des Nordwestdeutschen Beckens koennen Werte von nahezu 100 Vol.-% (Stickstoffprovinz) erreichen und stellen somit ein hohes Explorationsrisiko dar. Die Untersuchung der Gasgenese aus karbonischen Tonsteinen mit der Methode der offenen Pyrolyse zeigt ein im Vergleich zu Kohlen hohes Stickstoff-Genesepotential (TOC-normiert). Mit Hilfe der verwendeten Analysenmethode konnten Genesekurven fuer Stickstoff, sowie teilweise fuer Methan, aus Namur Tonsteinen in einem Reifebereich von 2.81 bis 3.86% VR{sub r} bestimmt werden. (orig.)

„Ein Buch von so fürchterlicher, aufrüttelnder Wahrheit”. Gabriele Reuters Aus guter Familie (1896 in einer Neuedition “A book of terrible, jolting truth": A New Edition of Gabriele Reuter’s From a Good Family (1896

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Nikola Roßbach

2007-07-01

Full Text Available Frauenroman, Tendenzroman, Künstlerroman, naturalistischer oder realistischer Roman: Gabriele Reuters Aus guter Familie. Leidensgeschichte eines Mädchens (1896 wurde seinerzeit breit rezipiert und kontrovers diskutiert. Nun ist der Erstdruck in einer Studienausgabe, angereichert mit zahlreichen Informationen und Dokumenten, wieder zugänglich: eine solide Basis für weitere Forschung zu einer großen Unbekannten.A women’s novel, a novel of purpose (Tendenzroman, an artist’s novel (Künstlerroman, a naturalist or realist novel: Gabriele Reuter’s From a Good Family: The Life Story of a Girl (Aus guter Familie. Leidensgeschichte eines Mädchens was, at the time of its publication in 1896, widely reviewed and controversially discussed. Now the first printing has been made available in a standard edition, enriched with a multitude of additional information and documents. This edition forms the solid basis for the continued study of a great unknown.

Peaceful uses of nuclear weapon plutonium; Friedliche Verwertung von Plutonium aus Kernwaffen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Burtak, F. [Siemens AG Bereich Energieerzeugung (KWU), Erlangen (Germany)

1996-06-01

In 1993, the U.S.A. and the CIS signed Start 2 (the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty) in which they committed themselves the reduce their nuclear weapon arsenals to a fraction of that of 1991. For forty-five years the antagonism between the superpowers had been a dominating factor in world history, determining large areas of social life. When Start 2 will have been completed in 2003, some 200 t of weapon grade plutonium and some 2000 t of highly enriched uranium (Heu) will arise from dismantling nuclear weapons. In the absence of the ideological ballast of the debate about Communism versus Capitalism of the past few decades there is a chance of the grave worldwide problem of safe disposal and utilization of this former nuclear weapon material being solved. Under the heading of `swords turned into plowshares`, plutonium and uranium could be used for peaceful electricity generation. (orig.) [Deutsch] 1993 unterzeichneten die USA und GUS das Start-2-Abkommen (Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty), in dem sie sich zur Verringerung der Anzahl ihrer Nuklearwaffen auf einen Bruchteil des Bestandes von 1991 verpflichten. 45 Jahre lang stellte die Auseinandersetzung der Supermaechte einen dominierenden Faktor der Weltpolitik dar und bestimmte weite Teile des gesellschaftlichen Lebens. Mit der geplanten Erfuellung von Start 2 im Jahr 2003 werden ca. 200 t waffengraediges Plutonium und ca. 2000 t highly enriched uranium (Heu) aus der Demontage der Kernwaffen anfallen. Ohne den ideologischen Ballast der vergangenen jahrezehntelangen Auseinandersetzung zwischen `Kommunismus` und `Kapitalismus` besteht die Chance, das gravierende weltweite Problem der sicheren Entsorgung und Verwertung dieses ehemaligen Kernwaffenmaterials zu loesen. Unter dem Motto `Schwerter zu Pflugscharen` koennte das Plutonium und Uran zur friedlichen Elektrizitaetserzeugung genutzt werden. (orig.)

Evaluiertes Training von Führungskompetenzen in der medizinischen Aus- und Weiterbildung [Training of Leadership Skills in Medical Education

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fischer, Martin R.

2013-11-01

Zusammenarbeit in Teams ist eine wichtige Voraussetzung für qualitativ hochwertige Versorgung im Gesundheitswesen. In diesem Zusammenhang spielen auch Führungskompetenzen von Ärztinnen und Ärzten im klinischen Alltag eine wichtige Rolle. Bisher wurde die Entwicklung von Führungskompetenzen in medizinischen Curricula in der Aus- und Weiterbildung von Ärztinnen und Ärzten jedoch kaum systematisch abgebildet. Die Entwicklung adäquater und effektiver Trainingsmethoden für die Vermittlung von Führungskompetenzen ist daher wünschenswert. Ziel: Das Review soll vorliegende Ergebnisse der Literatur zu Trainings von Führungskompetenzen in der Medizin zusammenfassen und integrieren, um zukünftige Forschung und Trainingsentwicklung anzuregen. Methode: Die Datenbanken PubMED, ERIC, PsycArticles, PsycINFO, PSYNDEX und dem Academic search complete durch EBSCOhost wurden auf Deutsch und Englisch nach Trainings von Führungskompetenzen in der Medizin durchsucht. Relevante Artikel wurden identifiziert und die Studienergebnisse hinsichtlich des zugrundeliegenden Führungsverständnisses, der Zielgruppe und Teilnehmeranzahl, der zeitlichen Ressourcen, sowie der Inhalte und Methoden des Trainings, des Evaluationsdesigns und der berichteten Trainingseffekte zusammengefasst. Ergebnisse: Auf acht Studien trafen alle Einschluss- und kein Ausschlusskriterium zu. Die Trainings selbst sowie die thematisierten Führungskompetenzen differenzieren jedoch stark voneinander. Die Trainingsdesigns beinhalten im Schwerpunkt die theoretische Auseinandersetzung mit dem Thema Führung sowie die Diskussion von Fallstudien aus der Praxis. Die Dauer der Trainings reicht von mehrstündigen bis hin zu mehrjährigen Veranstaltungen. Die selbst eingeschätzte Reaktion der Teilnehmer auf alle Trainings war positiv; es fand jedoch bisher keine systematische Überprüfung des Trainingserfolgs in Bezug auf konkrete Verhaltensänderungen der Teilnehmer statt.Schlussfolgerungen: Es bedarf weiterer Forschung, um die

Effects of dehulling, steam-cooking and microwave-irradiation on digestive value of white lupin (Lupinus albus) seed meal for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).

Science.gov (United States)

Saez, Patricio; Borquez, Aliro; Dantagnan, Patricio; Hernández, Adrián

2015-01-01

A digestibility trial was conducted to assess the effect of dehulling, steam-cooking and microwave-irradiation on the apparent digestibility of nutrients in white lupin (Lupinus albus) seed meal when fed to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Six ingredients, whole lupin seed meal (LSM), dehulled LSM, dehulled LSM steam-cooked for 15 or 45 min (SC15 and SC45, respectively) and LSM microwave-irradiated at 375 or 750 W (MW375 and MW750, respectively), were evaluated for digestibility of dry matter, crude protein (CP), lipids, nitrogen-free extractives (NFE) and gross energy (GE). The diet-substitution approach was used (70% reference diet + 30% test ingredient). Faeces from each tank were collected using a settlement column. Dehulled LSM showed higher levels of proximate components (except for NFE and crude fibre), GE and phosphorus in comparison to whole LSM. Furthermore, SC15, SC45, MW375 and MW750 showed slight variations of chemical composition in comparison to dehulled LSM. Results from the digestibility trial indicated that dehulled LSM, SC15, SC45 and MW375 are suitable processing methods for the improvement of nutrients' apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) in whole LSM. MW750 showed a lower ADC of nutrients (except for CP and lipids for rainbow trout) in comparison with MW350 for rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon, suggesting a heat damage of the ingredient when microwave-irradiation exceeded 350 W.

Biodegradable plastics in composting. Results of a practical experiment in the Bad Duerkheim district; Einsatz von biologisch abbaubaren Kunststoffen in der Kompostwirtschaft. Erkenntnisse und Erfahrungen aus dem Praxisversuch im Landkreis Bad Duerkheim

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pabst, Klaus [Abfallwirtschaftsbetrieb Landkreis Bad Duerkheim, Bad Duerkheim (Germany)

2012-11-01

For collecting biomass waste, about 65,000 households in the Bad Duerkheim district were given ten bags each of the compostable BASF plastic material Ecovio {sup registered} FS. The biomass waste collected in the Ecovio {sup registered} bags were composted in a composting plant. After the compost process, no residues of the Ecovio {sup registered} bags were found in the rotting, i.e. they are completely degradable. Neither the compost quality nor the working processes in the composting plant were affected, and there was no bigger volume of sorting residues. 90% of the users stated that they were satisfied with the new biomass waste bags. (orig.) [German] Fuer die Entsorgung des Bioabfalls erhielten rund 65.000 Haushalte aus dem Landkreis Bad Duerkheim je zehn Biomuelltuten aus dem kompostierbaren BASF-Kunststoff Ecovio {sup registered} FS. Die in diesen Ecovio {sup registered} -Tueten gesammelten Bioabfaelle wurden im Biokompostwerk zu Kompost verarbeitet. Nach dem Kompostierungsprozess konnten keine Reste der Ecovio {sup registered} -Folien mehr in der Rotte gefunden werden, und sie wurden vollstaendig biologisch abgebaut. Durch den Einsatz dieser Tueten wurden weder die Kompostqualitaet noch die Arbeitsablaeufe im Biokompostwerk beeintraechtigt. Eine Erhoehung der Sortierreste war nicht festzustellen. Im Rahmen einer Kundenbefragung aeusserten sich rund 90% zufrieden mit dem Einsatz dieser Biomuelltueten. (orig.)

Efeitos da ausência paterna na aprendizagem/Effects of paternal absence in the learning/Efectos de la ausencia paterna en el aprendizaje

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fernanda Ferreyro Monticelli

Full Text Available O texto parte de uma situação de ensino envolvendo gênero dos substantivos como modo de abordar outra compreensão do erro no processo de aprendizagem. Sugere como abordagem as significações imaginárias presentes na sociedade ao verificar como a resposta do aluno pode indicar para um ponto significativo na estrutura do sujeito que no caso apresentado poderia ter relação com a ausência paterna. Após, com a intenção de ampliar a discussão sobre as conseqüências da ausência do pai é apresentado uma síntese das dissertações e teses cadastradas no CAPES cuja categoria envolve paternidade. This work has been originated on a learning experience involving the nouns gender as a way of achieving another understanding of the errors on the learning process. It suggests to approach the imaginary significations which are present in the context, cheking how the students answer can show a significant point in the structure of the subject that, in this case, could be related to fathers absence. After this, with the intention of amplifying the discussion about the consequences of this absence, we present a synthesis of essays and thesis, which are registered at CAPES in the category involving fatherhood. El texto parte de una situación de aprendizaje que envuelve el género de los sustantivos como forma de abordar otra compresión del error en el proceso de aprendizaje. Sugiere como abordaje las significaciones imaginarias presentes en la sociedad, al verificar como la respuesta del alumno puede señalar un punto significante en la estructura del sujeto que, en el caso presentado, habría que tener relación con la intención de ampliar la discusión sobre las consecuencias de esta ausencia, es presentado una síntesis de las disertaciones y tesis catastradas en el CAPES, cuya categoría envuelve paternidad.

EXTRAÇÃO, ISOLAMENTO E FRACIONAMENTO DA PROTEÍNA DE TREMOÇO (LUPINUS ALBUS VAR. MULTOLUPA

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VALDIR AUGUSTO NEVES

2009-07-01

Full Text Available

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar as características de solubilidade da proteína de tremoço (Lupinus albus, var. Multolupa. Extração protéica de 84,6% foi obtida com o aumento da relação massa de farinha/ volume de extrator. A solubilidade protéica com o pH mostrou uma curva típica de globulinas com um mínimo entre os pHs 4 e 6. O efeito do aumento da concentração de NaCI até 1,0 M elevou a solubilidade na faixa do pH, no entanto reduziu na faixa de pHs ácidos. O tipo e a concentração de sais e pHs da solução afetaram a solubilidade protéica. O fracionamento com diferentes solventes solubilizou até 87,82% do nitrogênio da farinha de tremoço, e o nitrogênio solúvel em sal correspondeu a até 69% do total. A fração globulina representou 43,42% do total de proteínas, enquanto albumínas, prolaminas, glutelinas e resíduo insolúvel corresponderam a 10,77%, 0,49%, 16,29% e 8,59%, respectivamente. A cromatografia em Sepharose CL-6B mostrou a presença de um pico majoritário e dois componentes menores para a globulina total; e na cromatografia em Sephacryl S-300 HR, três componentes foram observados. A eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida, da fração do tubo pico do componente majoritário eluído na coluna de Sephacryl, mostrou uma única banda de proteína. O conteúdo de açúcares das proteínas foi distinto para fração albumina e globulma

Innere Emigration und Diktatur die getarnten Botschaften in den Opern der meister aus bojana von Konstantin Iliev und der gefesselte Prometeus von Lazar Nikolov

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kostakeva Maria

2004-01-01

Full Text Available (nemački Die Frage der "inneren Emigration" in den ehemaligen kommunistischen Ländern Europas wird an Beispielen zweier Opern der wichtigen bulgarischen Komponisten Konstantin Iliev und Lazar Nikolov untersucht. Ähnlich wie Paul Hindemith in Mathis der Maler, in Ilievs Meister aus Bojana (1962, kam die Inspiration von einer mittelalterlichen Legende her, und iM Mittelpunkt des Dramas steht das Problem der Freiheit der Schöpfer unter der dogmatischen Gewalt. IM Gefesselten Prometeus (1972 von Nikolov ist die Hauptperson als Symbol des Protests gegen die Tyrannei und die Unterdrückung zu verstehen und so lässt sich in allen Zeiten politisch interpretieren, umso mehr bei einem kommunistischen Regime.

Photoinduced crystallization and space charge limited current through Au/Se92.7S7.3/Au thin films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

EL-Barry, A.M.A.

2007-01-01

The present paper reports a study of photoinduced crystallization in thermally evaporated Se 92.7 S 7.3 films. The photoinduced crystallization was achieved by shining white light (from 25 mW/cm 2 tungsten lamp) at room temperature for different exposure times up to 5.184 Ms. The analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns indicated that the grain size (D), the strain (ζ) and the dislocation density (δ) are photoaging dependent. The capacitance-voltage data confirmed that the relative permittivity of the films is equal to ∼10.31. Room temperature current density voltage characteristics of Au/Se 92.7 S 7.3 /Au films showed Ohmic conduction in the lower voltage range ∼<1 V, and space charge limited conductivity (SCLC) in the relatively high-voltage range. The SCLC was controlled by an exponential distribution of traps above the valence band. The temperature dependence of the current density in accordance with the theory for the exponential trap distributions allowed the calculation of some essential parameters such as; trap concentration, characteristic temperature, and the trap density

Chancen und Herausforderungen der religiösen Bildung im Lebensraum Schule aus muslimischer Perspektive

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sule Dursun

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Dieser Beitrag basiert – mit dem Hinweis auf die zunehmende Präsenz der herkunftsorientierten religiösen Einrichtungen in Europa – auf dem Argument, dass die islamisch-religiöse Bildung in den Schulen Europas überdacht werden muss und ihr eine entscheidende Rolle zukommt. Neben den herkunftsorientierten religiösen Einrichtungen in Europa wird in diesem Beitrag die Bedeutung des islamischen Religionsunterrichts aus dem Blickwinkel des kontextualisierten Islams beleuchtet. Mittels Fallbeispielen zur religiösen Bildung am religiösen Markt (= religiöse Institutionen außerhalb des Schulraums wird in diesem Beitrag aufgezeigt, dass der islamische Religionsunterricht im Gegensatz zu den religiösen Institutionen keine Monopolkirche sein darf, in der vorwiegend eine Art Volksfrömmigkeit vermittelt wird. Opportunities and Challenges of Religious Education in Schools – A Muslim Perspective This contribution is based on the argument that the role of Islamic religious education at schools should be reconceived in relation to the growing presence of origin-oriented religious institutions in Europe. In addition to the origin-oriented religious institutions in Europe, this paper aims to present the importance of Islamic religious education from the perspective of contextualized Islam. Based on case studies for religious education in the religious market (outside the education area this paper shows that the Islamic religious education cannot offer Church`s monopoly and act like origin-oriented religious institutions to mediate popular piety.

Não basta gerar, tem que participar?: um estudo sobre a ausência paterna

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Sabrina Daiana Cúnico

2014-03-01

Full Text Available O presente estudo buscou conhecer, por meio de uma abordagem qualitativa, quais as possíveis razões para a ausência paterna na vida dos filhos após o rompimento conjugal. Para tanto, foram entrevistados pais que participaram do serviço de mediação familiar e tiveram acordo homologado judicialmente em um Núcleo de Práticas Judiciárias Gratuitas. A pesquisa foi realizada utilizando a técnica de entrevistas semidirigidas de questões abertas, e os resultados analisados por meio da análise de conteúdo temática. Os pais relataram terem se sentido vítimas de um golpe - o golpe da barriga - que teve por objetivo mantêlos em um relacionamento em vias de dissolução. Assim, apresentaram dificuldades em estabelecer um vínculo afetivo com esse filho, visto que amá-lo seria assumir a efetividade de tal golpe. Ademais, foram identificadas semelhanças na história familiar dos participantes que envolviam a paternidade, as quais, por não terem sido problematizadas, não se tornaram objeto de reflexão, o que levou à repetição. Por fim, entende-se que o estudo aponta a importância do cuidado com relação aos efeitos da dissolução conjugal no que tange ao exercício dos papéis parentais, em especial, à paternidade.

Development and set-up of a test system for non-destructive acoustic and ultrasonic testing of silicon nitride ceramics valves; Entwicklung und Aufbau eines Pruefsystems zur zerstoerungsfreien Klang- und Ultraschallpruefung von Ventilen aus Siliciumnitrid-Keramik

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lindner, H.A.; Caspers, B.; Hennicke, J.; Feuer, H.; Petzenhauser, I. [Cremer Forschungsinstitut GmbH und Co. KG, Roedental (Germany)

1999-07-01

Valves made of silicon nitrice ceramics have advantages over metal valves owing to their low density, high wear resistance, low thermal conductivity and high termperature resistance. Reciprocating piston engines with ceramic valves have a lower fuel consumption, lower noise, and lower exhaust emissions. On the other hand, ceramic materials have the disadvantage of being brittele, i.e. mechanical stress concentrations at crack tips cannot be removed by plastic deformation. In order to ensure safe application in piston engines, all ceramic valves must therefore be tested by nondestructive methods in order to detect and replace defective valves. [German] Ventile aus Siliciumnitrid-Keramik haben infolge ihrer geringen Dichte, hohen Verschleissfestigkeit, niedrigen Waermeleitfaehigkeit und hohen Temperaturfestigkeit gegenueber Ventilen aus metallischen Werkstoffen ganz entscheidende Vorteile. So haben Hubkolbenmotoren mit Keramikventilen einen deutlich geringeren Treibstoffbedarf und zeigen bei einem erheblich reduzierten Geraeuschpegel eine schadstoffaermere Abgasentwicklung. Diesen Vorteilen steht die allen keramischen Werkstoffen gemeinsame Eigenschaft der Sproedigkeit gegenueber. So koennen mechanische Spannungskonzentrationen an Rissspitzen nicht durch plastische Verformung abgebaut werden. Fuer den sicheren Einsatz im Hubkolbenmotor muessen daher die Keramikventile einer zerstoerungsfreien Bewertung unterzogen werden, um fehlerhafte Ventile zu erkennen und auszuscheiden. (orig.)

Empowering Parents of Australian Infants and Children in Hospital: Translation, Cultural Adaptation, and Validation of the EMpowerment of PArents in The Intensive Care-30-AUS Questionnaire.

Science.gov (United States)

Gill, Fenella J; Wilson, Sally; Aydon, Laurene; Leslie, Gavin D; Latour, Jos M

2017-11-01

To translate, culturally adapt, and psychometrically test the EMpowerment of PArents in The Intensive Care-30 questionnaire in Australian pediatric critical care, neonatal, and pediatric ward settings. Cross-sectional, descriptive, multicenter study conducted in two phases; 1) translation and cultural adaptation and 2) validation of the EMpowerment of PArents in The Intensive Care-30 questionnaire. Two Western Australian sites, the PICU and two pediatric wards of a children's hospital and the neonatal unit of a women's and newborn hospital. Parents whose baby or child was admitted to the participating wards or units with a length of hospital stay greater than 24 hours. None. Phase 1: A structured 10-step translation process adhered to international principles of good practice for translation and cultural adaptation of patient-reported outcomes. Thirty parents participated in cognitive debriefing. Phase 2: A total of 328 parents responded to the EMpowerment of PArents in The Intensive Care-30-AUS questionnaire. Reliability was sufficient (Cronbach α at domain level 0.70 -0.82, for each clinical area 0.56-0.86). Congruent validity was adequate between the domains and three general satisfaction items (rs 0.38-0.69). Nondifferential validity showed no significant effect size between three patient or parent demographic characteristics and the domains (Cohen's d PArents in The Intensive Care-30-AUS is a reliable and valid questionnaire to measure parent-reported outcomes in pediatric critical care, pediatric ward, and neonatal hospital settings. Using this questionnaire can provide a framework for a standardized quality improvement approach and identification of best practices across specialties, hospital services and for benchmarking similar health services worldwide.

Efficiency of heat pump plants. Results of field tests; Effizienz von Waermepumpenanlagen. Ergebnisse aus Felduntersuchungen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Miara, Marek; Guenther, Danny [Fraunhofer-Institut fuer Solare Energiesysteme ISE (Germany)

2011-07-01

In Germany, households account for about 30 percent of the total end use energy consumption. In fact, if heating and water heating are taken into account, the total amounts to more than 80 percent. This shows the necessity of making heating more energy-efficient and ecological. Heat pumps are an interesting solution. The contribution investigates their efficiency in real conditions, both in new and older buildings, and also goes into the possibility of optimization during installation, control and operation. The contribution is based on the long-term heat pump monitoring projects of Fraunhofer Institut fuer Solare Energiesysteme ISE of Freiburg. [German] In den deutschen Haushalten werden rund 30 % der Endenergie verbraucht. Obwohl der Bedarf fuer die Heizung oftmals unterschaetzt wird, entfallen in den Haushalten auf die Bereiche Raumwaerme und Warmwasser tatsaechlich mehr als 80 % des Energieverbrauches. Angesichts des fortschreitenden Klimawandels sowie der Ressourcenknappheit ist es dringend notwendig, die notwendige Heizenergie moeglichst effizient und oekologisch bereitzustellen. Die Waermepumpentechnologie ist in der Lage diesen Anforderungen gerecht zu werden. Wie effizient allerdings sind die Waermepumpenanlagen unter realen Bedingungen sowohl bei Neubauten als auch bei Bestandsgebaeuden? Oder: welche Optimierungsmoeglichkeiten bestehen bei Installation, Regelung sowie Betrieb von Waermepumpenanlagen? Um diese Fragen beantworten zu koennen, fuehrt das Fraunhofer Institut fuer Solare Energiesysteme ISE aus Freiburg seit mehreren Jahren umfangreiche Monitoringprojekte durch in denen Waermepumpenanlagen im Mittelpunkt der Untersuchung stehen.

Cubic boron nitride coatings for innovative applications; Schichten aus kubischem Bornitrid (cBN) fuer innovative Anwendungen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Keunecke, M.; Bewilogua, K. [Fraunhofer Inst. fuer Schicht- und Oberflaechentechnik (Germany)

2001-08-01

Coatings of cubic boron nitride (cBN), the second hardest of all known materials, were prepared using a sputter process. A new coating design, based on a special B-C-N layer system, allows to deposit thick (> 2 {mu}m) cBN films, however so far only on silicon substrates. The properties of the coatings are quite similar to those of bulk cBN. Promising experiments were performed with respect to a transfer of this application relevant layer system to cemented carbide and steel substrates. First measurements of the mechanical and tribological properties confirmed the outstanding properties and the high potential of such cBN based coating systems. (orig.) [German] Schichten aus kubischem Bornitrid (cBN), dem nach Diamant zweithaertesten aller bekannten Materialien, wurden mit einem Sputter-Prozess hergestellt. Ein neuartiger Schichtaufbau, der auf einem speziellen B-C-N-Schichtsystem basiert, ermoeglicht die Abscheidung von cBN-Schichten mit ueber 2 {mu}m Dicke, allerdings bisher nur auf Siliciumsubstraten. Die Eigenschaften der Schichten sind denen von massivem cBN sehr aehnlich. Es wurden vielversprechende Experimente zur Uebertragung dieses fuer Werkzeugbeschichtungen und vielfaeltige andere Anwendungen interessanten Schichtsystems auf Werkzeugsubstrate durchgefuehrt. Erste Untersuchungen der mechanisch-tribologischen Eigenschaften der auf Hartmetall- und Stahlsubstraten abgeschiedenen Schichten belegen das aussergewoehnlich hohe Potential der cBN-basierten Schichtsysteme. (orig.)

Verbotene Früchte? Eliten aus Perspektive der Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung Forbidden Fruit? The Elite from the Perspective of Women’s and Gender Research

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Petra Ahrens

2007-11-01

Full Text Available Eliten sind wieder „in“ – sei es in öffentlichen sowie politischen Debatten oder in der sozialwissenschaftlichen Forschung. In dem vorliegenden Sammelband wird die momentan allgegenwärtige Diskussion um Eliten und Exzellenz aus Perspektive der Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung kritisch reflektiert und aktuelle Forschung zu Partizipationschancen und -hindernissen von Frauen in den Feldern Wirtschaft, Wissenschaft und Politik vorgestellt.The elite are “in” again, in both the public and political debates as well as in social research. The collected volume at hand critically reflects on the current, ever present discussion on elitism and excellence from the perspective of women’s and gender studies. It presents current research on changes and obstacles for women’s participation in the fields of economy, science, and politics.

Comunicação interatrial do tipo seio coronário, comunicação interventricular e ausência de veia cava superior esquerda Coronary sinus atrial septal defect and ventricular septal defect with no left superior vena cava

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fábio Alves Almeida

1998-10-01

Full Text Available Relatamos um caso raro de um paciente de 21 meses, portador de comunicação interatrial do tipo seio coronário, associada a comunicação interventricular perimembranosa, e ausência de veia cava superior esquerda. O diagnóstico foi realizado através da ecocardiografia e confirmado pela angiografia. O paciente foi operado sem intercorrências, ambos os defeitos foram fechados com patch de pericárdio bovino e o fluxo das veias coronárias ficou direcionado para o átrio esquerdo. Um ecocardiograma mostrou ausência de shunt residual através dos defeitos.We report a rare case of a 21 month old child with a coronary sinus atrial septal defect associated with perimembranous ventricular septal defect and no left superior vena cava. The diagnosis was made by transthoracic echocardiogram and confirmed by angiography. The patient was operated on uneventfully, both defects were closed with bovine pericardial patches and the flow from the coronary veins was directed towards the left atrium. An echocardiogram revealed complete closure of both defects.

Use of innovative projects in the Agenda procedure: Heating - ventilation - sanitary. Compilation of selected projects from data base of Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt. CD-ROM of May 2000 as further added sources.; Nutzung innovativer Projekte im Agenda Prozess: Heizung - Lueftung - Sanitaer. Zusammenstellung ausgewaehlter Projekte aus der Datenbank der Deutschen Bundesstiftung Umwelt. CD-ROM vom Mai 2000 sowie weiterer hinzugezogene Quellen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schefe, W. (comp.)

2001-05-01

Compilation of selected projects from data base of Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt. (orig.) [German] Zusammenstellung ausgewaehlter Projekte aus der Datenbank der Deutschen Bundesstiftung Umwelt. (orig.)

(Lupinus albus) SEEDS

African Journals Online (AJOL)

user

2010-08-08

Aug 8, 2010 ... lupin samples indicated that lupins can be used as a raw material for various food ... lupin seeds can be utilized for milk and meat imitation products. ... estimated by multiplying the percentage of crude protein, crude fat and ...

Lupinus albus L

African Journals Online (AJOL)

uovspc

2013-08-28

Aug 28, 2013 ... quality (Prusakova et al., 1999) and the induction of resis- tance towards .... 5434 Afr. J. Biotechnol. rate of monoculture yeast (Saccharomyces cerivisiae) and its effect .... detected under UV-light at 254 and 365 nm, stained with 10% (v/v) ethanolic ..... mutants showed that they play an essential role in main-.

Lupinus albus L

African Journals Online (AJOL)

uovspc

2013-08-28

Aug 28, 2013 ... Subsequently, the ethanol treated seed material was suspended in distilled .... rate of monoculture yeast (Saccharomyces cerivisiae) and its effect on seed ...... Trienoic fatty acids and plant tolerance of high temperature. Sci.

CO{sub 2} separation from biogas with ceramic membranes; CO{sub 2}-Abtrennung aus Biogas mit keramischen Membranen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fassauer, Burkhardt; Richter, Hannes; Schwarz, Bjoern; Reger-Wagner, Norman; Kaemnitz, Susanne [Fraunhofer-Institut fuer Keramische Technologien und Systeme IKTS, Dresden (Germany); Lubenau, Udo; Mothes, Raimund [DBI Gas- und Umwelttechnik GmbH, Leipzig (Germany)

2015-07-01

Biogas contains after the production of up to 55% CO{sub 2}. In order to use biogas as a fuel or to feed it into the natural gas network, it must be purified before. Adsorption and scrubbing processes are primarily used technically. Membrane processes offer the advantage of continuous operation and a simple modular and flexible system design, which imply relatively low investment costs and low energy needs. Moreover, membrane systems can be started up and shut down quickly without any problems. Ceramic membranes are characterised by high stability (thermal, chemical, mechanical) and very high flows in comparison to polymeric membranes. [German] Biogas enthaelt nach der Erzeugung bis zu 55 % CO{sub 2}. Um Biogas als Kraftstoff zu nutzen oder in das Erdgasnetz einspeisen zu koennen, muss es zuvor gereinigt werden. Technisch genutzt werden vor allem Adsorptions- und Waschverfahren. Membranverfahren bieten den Vorteil eines kontinuierlichen Betriebes sowie einer einfachen, modularen und flexiblen Anlagenkonzeption, die vergleichsweise niedrige Investitionskosten und einen geringen Energiebedarf bedeuten. Darueber hinaus koennen Membrananlagen schnell an- und abgefahren werden und voellig ohne Probleme abgeschaltet werden. Keramische Membranen zeichnen sich gegenueber Polymermembranen durch hohe Stabilitaet (thermisch, chemisch, mechanisch) und sehr hohe Fluesse aus.

Socio-demographic correlates of prolonged television viewing time in Australian men and women: the AusDiab study.

Science.gov (United States)

Clark, Bronwyn Kay; Sugiyama, Takemi; Healy, Genevieve N; Salmon, Jo; Dunstan, David W; Shaw, Jonathan E; Zimmet, Paul Z; Owen, Neville

2010-09-01

Sedentary behaviors, particularly television viewing (TV) time, are associated with adverse health outcomes in adults, independent of physical activity levels. These associations are stronger and more consistent for women than for men. Multivariate regression models examined the sociodemographic correlates of 2 categories of TV time (≥ 2 hours/day and ≥ 4 hours/day); in a large, population-based sample of Australian adults (4950 men, 6001 women; mean age 48.1 years, range 25-91) who participated in the 1999/2000 Australian Diabetes, Obesity, and Lifestyle (AusDiab) study. Some 46% of men and 40% of women watched ≥ 2 hours TV/day; 9% and 6% respectively watched ≥ 4 hours/day. For both men and women, ≥ 2 hours TV/day was associated with less than tertiary education, living outside of state capital cities, and having no paid employment. For women, mid and older age (45-64 and 65+) were also significant correlates of ≥ 2 hours TV/day. Similar patterns of association were observed in those viewing ≥ 4 hours/day. Prolonged TV time is associated with indices of social disadvantage and older age. These findings can inform the understanding of potential contextual influences and guide preventive initiatives.

Process chain analysis for methanol production from biomass with the aid of mathematical models; Prozesskettenanalyse fuer die Methanolerzeugung aus Biomasse mit Hilfe von mathematischen Modellen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Saller, G; Krumm, W [Siegen Univ. (Gesamthochschule) (Germany)

1997-12-31

Using the example of primary energy consumption for methanol production from cellulose-rich biomass, it is shown that process chain analysis with mathematical modelling of the technical systems enables calculations of eco-inventories as a function of the relevant process parameters. Optimisation of process chains with regard to ecological indicators or cost necessitates mathematical modelling because of the many different parameters and parameter combinations involved. (orig) [Deutsch] Am Beispiel des Primaerenergieaufwands bei der Methanolgewinnung aus zellulosealtiger Biomasse wurde gezeigt, dass die Prozesskettenanalyse mit Abbildung der technischen Systeme in mathematischen Modellen die Berechnung von Oekoinventaren in Abhaengigkeit der relevanten Prozessparameter erlaubt. Die Optimierung von Prozessketten hinsichtlich oekologischer Indikatoren oder Kosten ist wegen der Vielzahl an unterschiedlichen Parametern und deren Kombinationsmoeglichkeiten nur mit Hilfe mathematischer Modelle moeglich. (orig)

Process chain analysis for methanol production from biomass with the aid of mathematical models; Prozesskettenanalyse fuer die Methanolerzeugung aus Biomasse mit Hilfe von mathematischen Modellen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Saller, G.; Krumm, W. [Siegen Univ. (Gesamthochschule) (Germany)

1996-12-31

Using the example of primary energy consumption for methanol production from cellulose-rich biomass, it is shown that process chain analysis with mathematical modelling of the technical systems enables calculations of eco-inventories as a function of the relevant process parameters. Optimisation of process chains with regard to ecological indicators or cost necessitates mathematical modelling because of the many different parameters and parameter combinations involved. (orig) [Deutsch] Am Beispiel des Primaerenergieaufwands bei der Methanolgewinnung aus zellulosealtiger Biomasse wurde gezeigt, dass die Prozesskettenanalyse mit Abbildung der technischen Systeme in mathematischen Modellen die Berechnung von Oekoinventaren in Abhaengigkeit der relevanten Prozessparameter erlaubt. Die Optimierung von Prozessketten hinsichtlich oekologischer Indikatoren oder Kosten ist wegen der Vielzahl an unterschiedlichen Parametern und deren Kombinationsmoeglichkeiten nur mit Hilfe mathematischer Modelle moeglich. (orig)

Genome-wide analysis of brain and gonad transcripts reveals changes of key sex reversal-related genes expression and signaling pathways in three stages of Monopterus albus.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wei Chi

Full Text Available The natural sex reversal severely affects the sex ratio and thus decreases the productivity of the rice field eel (Monopterus albus. How to understand and manipulate this process is one of the major issues for the rice field eel stocking. So far the genomics and transcriptomics data available for this species are still scarce. Here we provide a comprehensive study of transcriptomes of brain and gonad tissue in three sex stages (female, intersex and male from the rice field eel to investigate changes in transcriptional level during the sex reversal process.Approximately 195 thousand unigenes were generated and over 44.4 thousand were functionally annotated. Comparative study between stages provided multiple differentially expressed genes in brain and gonad tissue. Overall 4668 genes were found to be of unequal abundance between gonad tissues, far more than that of the brain tissues (59 genes. These genes were enriched in several different signaling pathways. A number of 231 genes were found with different levels in gonad in each stage, with several reproduction-related genes included. A total of 19 candidate genes that could be most related to sex reversal were screened out, part of these genes' expression patterns were validated by RT-qPCR. The expression of spef2, maats1, spag6 and dmc1 were abundant in testis, but was barely detected in females, while the 17β-hsd12, zpsbp3, gal3 and foxn5 were only expressed in ovary.This study investigated the complexity of brain and gonad transcriptomes in three sex stages of the rice field eel. Integrated analysis of different gene expression and changes in signaling pathways, such as PI3K-Akt pathway, provided crucial data for further study of sex transformation mechanisms.

Erosão hídrica em diferentes preparos do solo logo após as colheitas de milho e trigo, na presença e na ausência dos resíduos culturais

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

I. Bertol

1997-09-01

Full Text Available O preparo do solo, o qual influencia o manejo dos resíduos culturais e a rugosidade superficial, associado ao tipo de cultura utilizada, é um dos fatores que afetam a suscetibilidade do solo à erosão hídrica. Utilizando chuvas simuladas na intensidade constante de 64 mm h-1, com durações suficientes para que o escoamento superficial atingisse taxa constante de descarga, foram avaliados, em Eldorado do Sul (RS, de 1992 a 1994, em condições de campo, os seguintes tratamentos de preparo do solo: semeadura direta, na presença e na ausência dos resíduos recém-colhidos de milho e trigo; escarificação, na presença e na ausência dos resíduos recém-colhidos de milho e trigo + milho logo após a colheita do trigo; e aração + gradagem, na presença e ausência dos resíduos recém-colhidos de milho e trigo + milho logo após a colheita do trigo. Utilizou-se um solo podzólico vermelho-amarelo franco-arenoso e declividade média de 0,066 m m-1. As perdas de solo e água foram fortemente influenciadas pela rugosidade e cobertura superficiais. Na semeadura direta e aração + gradagem, a manutenção dos resíduos culturais na superfície reduziu as perdas de solo em relação à sua remoção manual quase completa. A semeadura direta com os resíduos culturais foi o tratamento mais eficaz na redução da erosão e a aração + gradagem, sem os resíduos, o menos eficaz. A escarificação com os resíduos culturais na superfície apresentou maior perda de solo do que a semeadura direta e aração + gradagem também com os resíduos na superfície. Em geral, as perdas de água por escoamento superficial seguiram o mesmo comportamento das perdas de solo.

Intercropping with white lupin (Lupinus albus L.); a promising tool for phytoremediation and phytomining research

Science.gov (United States)

Wiche, Oliver; Székely, Balazs; Moschner, Christin; Heilmeier, Hermann

2015-04-01

In recent studies root-soil interactions of white lupine (Lupinus albus L.) have drawn special attention to researchers due to its particularly high potential to increase bioavailability of phosphorous (P) and trace nutrients in soils. In mixed cultures, white lupine has the ability to mobilize P and trace nutrients in soil in excess of its own need and make this excess available for other intercropped companion species. While improved acquisition of P and improved yield parameters have mostly been documented in cereal-lupine intercrops, compared to sole crops, only a few recent studies have evidenced similar effects for trace elements e.g. Fe, Zn and Mn. In this preliminary study we tried to obtain more information about the mobilization of trace elements due to intercropping under field conditions. We hypothesize, that processes that lead to a better acquisition of trace nutrients might also affect other trace elements what could be useful for phytoremediation and phytomining research. Here we report the results of a semi-field experiment were we investigated the effects of an intercropping of white lupine with oat (Avena sativa L.) on the concentrations of trace metals in shoots of oat. We investigated the effects on 12 trace elements, including 4 elements with relevance for plant nutrition (P, Fe, Mn, Zn) and 8 trace elements, belonging to the group of metalloids, lanthanides and actinides with high relevance in phytoremediation (Cd, Pb Th, U) and phytomining research (Sc, La, Nd, Ge). The experiment was carried out on a semi-field lysimer at the off-site soil recycling and remediation center in Hirschfeld (Saxony, Germany). To test the intercropping-dependent mobilization of trace metals in soil and enhanced uptake of elements by oat, white lupine and oat were cultivated on 20 plots (4 m² each) in monocultures and mixed cultures and two different white lupin /oat-ratios (11% and 33%, respectively) applying various treatments. The geometrical arrangement of

Erinnerungen. Aus dem Feldzuge der Franzosen in Russland unter Napoleon im Jahre 1812, von einem preußischen Bombardier, dem jetzigen Major Weinberger. Unveröffentlichtes Manuskript (1849), herausgegeben von Peter-Michael Berger

OpenAIRE

Weinberger, Friedrich Ludwig

2012-01-01

Friedrich Ludwig Weinberger (1794–1869) diente im Juni 1812 als Freiwilliger bei der Königsberger Garnisonsartillerie. Diese 400 Soldaten wurden von Napoleon in die Garde seiner Grande Armée zur Invasion Russlands zwangsweise eingegliedert. Als einer von nur 13 Überlebenden seiner Truppe kehrte Weinberger im März 1813 aus russischem Gewahrsam zurück. Über seine Erlebnisse beim Vormarsch, den Kämpfen, der Besetzung Moskaus, dem Rückzug und der Heimkehr verfasste er einen Bericht, den er m...

Westeuropas Wiederaufbau – Made in Germany? Baumaterial aus Deutschland im Versailler Vertrag

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Anna Karla

2016-11-01

Full Text Available To date, the historiography of reparations after World War I has a predominant focus on cash. The article proposes considering non-cash contributions a constitutive part of the Treaty of Versailles and investigating their impact on the post-World War I order. Contemporary debates on the supply of building materials to northern France illustrate the expectations on the German side that were raised by the promise of such deliveries in kind: Policymakers hoped that deliveries in kind would reduce the overall sum of reparations; smart entrepreneurs hoped for lucrative business, for instance from the sale of prefabricated houses; and trade unions saw new prospects for German workers and German building materials. Though deliveries in kind to the areas undergoing reconstruction in northern France were in practice small, the related debates disclose new perspectives on the post-war history. This example serves as a case in point for the potential of applying theoretical considerations about the social dimension of materiality to the context of the Treaty of Versailles and its consequences. Die Geschichtsschreibung der Reparationen nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg handelt bislang vor allem von Geld. Dieser Aufsatz plädiert dafür, auch die Sachlieferungen als einen wesentlichen Bestandteil des Versailler Vertrags zu interpretieren. Exemplarisch wird erprobt, wie sich theoretische Überlegungen zur sozialen Dimension von Dingen auf die Geschichte des Versailler Vertrags und seiner Folgen anwenden lassen. Anhand der zeitgenössischen Diskussionen über geplante Lieferungen von Baumaterial nach Nordfrankreich lässt sich nachvollziehen, dass man auf deutscher Seite mit diesen Reparationsleistungen durchaus Erwartungen verknüpfte: Aus Sicht der Politik sollten Sachlieferungen dazu beitragen, die Gesamtsumme der Reparationen zu mindern. Findige Unternehmen hofften schon 1919 auf einträgliche Geschäfte, etwa durch den Verkauf von Fertighäusern. Auch die

[Preparation and antimicrobial effect of aromatic, natural and bacteriostatic foot wash with skin care].

Science.gov (United States)

Gao, Su-Hua; Zhao, Guo-Xiang; Yang, Xiao-Dong; Xu, Ling-Ling

2013-06-01

To prepare the aromatic, natural and bacteriostatic foot wash with skin care and research the inhibition effect on the different bacteria and pathogenic fungus which cause dermatophytosis. It was prepared by using Sophoraflavescens and Dictamnus dasycarpus as materials with the addition of Aloe extract, essential oil, surfactant, etc. The antifungal and antibacterial activity was researched by the levitation liquid quantitative method. The foot wash smelled faintly scent. The use of this product can produce a rich foam. The inhibitory rate were all more than 90%. The preparation process of the foot wash was simple. It has obviously bacteriostatic and fungistatic effect.

Ausência paterna e sua repercussão no desenvolvimento da criança e do adolescente: um relato de caso La ausencia del padre y su repercusión en el desarrollo del niño y del adolescente: un estudio de caso Father absence and its influence on child and adolescent development: a case report

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mariana Eizirik

2004-12-01

Full Text Available A ausência paterna durante o desenvolvimento da criança e do adolescente é um tema complexo, com grandes possibilidades para estudo. É feita uma revisão da literatura a respeito do tema. Discute-se a influência da ausência paterna no desenvolvimento emocional, cognitivo e comportamental da criança e do adolescente. A participação da mãe nessas situações, do ambiente familiar como um todo e dos fatores sociais e econômicos como mediadores das conseqüências da ausência do pai na vida da criança são levados em consideração. Os autores apresentam o resumo de um caso clínico em que a ausência do pai é um ponto importante da vida do paciente. Ao longo do atendimento psicoterápico, foram surgindo as percepções e emoções do paciente associadas à ausência do pai.La ausencia del padre durante el desarrollo del niño y del adolescente es un tema complejo, con muchas posibilidades de estudio. Los autores revisan la literatura sobre el tema, y discuten la influencia de la ausencia del padre en el desarrollo emocional, cognitivo y comportamental. Se toman en cuenta la participación de la madre en estas situaciones, el ambiente familiar en su totalidad y los factores sociales y económicos como mediadores de las consecuencias de la ausencia del padre en la vida del niño. Los autores presentan el resumen de un caso clínico, en el que la ausencia del padre fue un importante hecho en la vida del paciente. A lo largo de la psicoterapia, aparecieron progresivamente las emociones y percepciones del paciente asociadas a la ausencia del padre.Father absence during child and adolescent development is a complex theme, with several study possibilities. The authors of the present study review the literature on the theme. The influence of father absence on emotional, cognitive and behavioral development is discussed. In these situations, other participation, family environment and social and economic factors are taken into account. The

Thompson revisited. Ein empirisch fundiertes Modell zur Qualität von „Quality-TV“ aus Nutzersicht

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Michael Harnischmacher

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Was bedeutet das Attribut „Quality-TV“ eigentlich für das Publikum? Nach welchen Kriterien beurteilen Zuschauerinnen und Zuschauer, ob eine Serie Qualitätsfernsehen ist oder nicht? Im Bereich der rezipientenorientierten Qualitätsforschung bezüglich Fernsehserien sind bislang fast ausschließlich qualitativ erhobene Modelle bedeutsam, am bekanntesten sicherlich die bereits 1996 von Robert J. Thompson vorgeschlagenen 12 Kriterien. Die vorliegende Untersuchung widmet sich nun der Frage, ob diese Qualitätskriterien tatsächlich die „richtigen“ sind. Sind sie für die Zuschauer/innen von Serien bedeutsam für die Einschätzung, ob ein Programm „Quality-TV“ ist oder nicht? Bislang fehlt eine empirische Fundierung der einzelnen Merkmale. Ebenso ungeklärt ist bislang, ob es eine Rangfolge dieser Merkmale gibt. Welche sind bedeutsamer, welche weniger wichtig für die Wahrnehmung einer Serie als Qualitätsprodukt? Die Studie hat Thompsons Vorschlag (unter Bezugnahme auf weitere Studien zum Thema (z.B. Cardwell 2007; Feuer 2007; Dreher 2010; Blanchett 2011; Kumpf 2011 operationalisiert und in einer standardisierten Befragung der Nutzer von 13 Onlineforen zu Qualitätsserien (n=1382 getestet. Auf Basis dieser Befragung kann statistisch nachgewiesen werden, welche Merkmale von den Zuschauer/innen als besonders wichtig angesehen werden und wie diese zu Qualitätsfaktoren zusammengefasst werden können, die das Phänomen „Quality-TV“ aus Zuschauersicht tatsächlich beschreiben können.

Veia cava superior esquerda anômala com ausência de veia cava superior direita: achados de imagem Persistent left superior vena cava with absent right superior vena cava: image findings

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Cyrillo Rodrigues de Araújo Júnior

2003-10-01

Full Text Available A persistência da veia cava superior esquerda com ausência da veia cava superior direita é uma anomalia rara, com menos de 150 casos descritos na literatura. A não-obliteração e regressão da veia cardinal anterior esquerda durante o desenvolvimento embriológico promove uma variação sistêmica de retorno venoso ao coração, com persistência da veia cava superior esquerda. Sua incidência varia de 0,3% em pacientes sem alterações cardíacas congênitas concomitantes a 4,3% naqueles com cardiopatias. Na maioria das vezes coexiste a veia cava superior direita, porém se houver regressão e degeneração da veia cardinal anterior direita, implicará a sua ausência e a drenagem venosa para o coração será feita pela veia cava superior esquerda ao átrio direito, através do seio coronariano. Mostramos um caso de um paciente submetido a radiografia de tórax e tomografia computadorizada para avaliação de doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica, tendo como achado a persistência da veia cava superior esquerda com ausência da direita, sem qualquer cardiopatia associada e com a drenagem cardíaca sendo feita, através do seio coronariano, para o átrio direito.Persistent left superior vena cava with absent right superior vena cava is a rare anomaly, with less than 150 cases reported in the literature. Congenitally persistent left superior vena cava is the most common variant of systemic venous return to the heart, resulting embryologically from failure of the left anterior cardinal vein to become obliterated. Its incidence varies from 0.3% in patients with otherwise normal heart to 4.3% in patients with congenital heart disease. In the majority of the patients, a right superior vena cava is present as well, but rarely the right anterior cardinal vein degenerates resulting in the absence of the normal right superior vena cava. The blood from the right side is carried by the persistent left superior vena cava to the right atrium through the

Particle Reduction Strategies - PAREST. Emissions from open burning. Sub-report; Strategien zur Verminderung der Feinstaubbelastung - PAREST. Emissionen aus offener Verbrennung. Teilbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Joerss, Wolfram [Institut fuer Zukunftsstudien und Technologiebewertung gGmbH (IZT), Berlin (Germany)

2013-06-15

In this research project PAREST emission scenarios from 2000/2005 to 2020 for particulate matter (PM10 and PM2,5), and aerosol precursors SO{sub 2}, NO{sub x}, NH{sub 3} and NMVOC are prepared for Germany and Europe, mitigation measures evaluated, in order to model the necessary data for PM pollution load for Germany. In this sub-report PAREST an estimation of emissions from open burning is presented. This rough estimation should serve to assess the relevance of this source category that is not included in the reference emission data base of PAREST. [German] Im Forschungsvorhaben PAREST wurden Emissionsszenarien von 2000 /2005 bis 2020 fuer Feinstaub (PM10 und PM2,5) und die Aerosol-Vorlaeufersubstanzen SO{sub 2}, NO{sub x}, NH{sub 3} und NMVOC fuer Deutschland und Europa erstellt, Minderungsmassnahmen evaluiert und daraus die PM-Immissionsbelastung fuer Deutschland modelliert. In diesem Teilbericht zu PAREST wird eine Abschaetzung der Emissionen aus offener Verbrennung vorgestellt. Diese grobe Abschaetzung soll dazu dienen die Relevanz dieser Quellgruppe einzuschaetzen, die in der Referenz-Emissionsdatenbasis von PAREST nicht erfasst ist.

High-yield production of herbicidal thaxtomins and analogs in a nonpathogenic Streptomyces strain.

Science.gov (United States)

Jiang, Guangde; Zhang, Yucheng; Powell, Magan M; Zhang, Peilan; Zuo, Ran; Zhang, Yi; Kallifidas, Dimitrios; Tieu, Albert M; Luesch, Hendrik; Loria, Rosemary; Ding, Yousong

2018-03-30

Thaxtomins are virulence factors of most plant pathogenic Streptomyces strains. Due to their potent herbicidal activity, attractive environmental compatibility and inherent biodegradability, thaxtomins are key active ingredients of bioherbicides approved by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. However, the low yield of thaxtomins in native Streptomyces producers limits their wide agricultural applications. Here, we describe the high-yield production of thaxtomins in a heterologous host. The thaxtomin gene cluster from S. scabiei 87.22 was cloned and expressed in S. albus J1074 after chromosomal integration. The production of thaxtomins and nitro-tryptophan analogs were observed using LC-MS analysis. When culturing the engineered S. albus J1074 in the minimal medium TMDc, the yield of the most abundant and herbicidal analog, thaxtomin A, was 10 times higher than S. scabiei 87.22, and optimization of the medium resulted in the highest yield of thaxtomin analogs at about 222 mg/L. Further engineering of the thaxtomin biosynthetic gene cluster through gene deletion led to the production of multiple biosynthetic intermediates important to the chemical synthesis of new analogs. Additionally, the versatility of the thaxtomin biosynthetic system in S. albus J1074 was capitalized to produce one unnatural fluorinated analog 5-F-thaxtomin A, whose structure was elucidated by a combination of MS and 1D and 2D NMR analyses. Natural and unnatural thaxtomins demonstrated potent herbicidal activity in radish seedling assays. These results indicated that S. albus J1074 has the potential to produce thaxtomins and thereof with high yield, fostering their agricultural applications. IMPORTANCE Thaxtomins are agriculturally valuable herbicidal natural products but the productivity of native producers is limiting. Heterologous expression of thaxtomin gene cluster in S. albus J1074 resulted in the highest yield of thaxtomins ever reported, representing a significant leap

Molecular organization in bacterial cell membranes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Larraga, V.; Munoz, E.

1975-01-01

The paper reports about an investigation into the question of the specific labelling and topological distribution of glycoproteins and proteins in Streptomyces albus membranes. The method of sample preparation is described: Tritium labelling of glycoproteins in protoplasts and membranes, iodination of proteins, trypsin treatment and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The findings suggest an asymmetrical distribution of the glycoproteins in membranes and a weak accessibility to iodine label. A structural model of the plasma membranes of Streptomyces albus is proposed similar to the general 'fluid mosaic' model of Singer and Nicholson. (BSC) [de

Saúde como ausência de doença: crítica à teoria funcionalista de Christopher Boorse

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Almeida Filho Naomar de

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Este ensaio é uma introdução à obra de Cristopher Boorse, filósofo da medicina que criou, nos anos 70, a Teoria Bioestatística da Saúde (TBS. Em primeiro lugar, examinamos o argumento e a estrutura da TBS, destacando seus elementos epistemológicos fundamentais e principalmente as justificativas lógicas e teóricas de sua definição da saúde como ausência de doença. Em segundo lugar, discutimos as numerosas críticas recebidas por Boorse em duas décadas de circulação dos seus textos, buscando estabelecer a pertinência e atualidade dessas críticas. Em seguida, identificamos problemas e pontos fortes da teoria boorseana, retomando as principais críticas dirigidas ao autor, bem como suas tentativas de resposta. Por fim, levantamos algumas questões que podem propiciar uma continuidade e um enriquecimento do debate em torno do conceito de saúde a fim de explorar sua aplicabilidade para uma teoria geral da saúde-doença-cuidado, cada vez mais necessária neste momento em que se pretende uma maior articulação entre abordagens biológicas e ecossociais dos fenômenos da saúde e da doença.

Medidas imitanciométricas em crianças com ausência de emissões otoacústicas Acoustic immittance in children without otoacoustic emissions

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Ana Emilia Linares

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Partindo da hipótese de que alterações da função de orelha média possam prejudicar a captação das EOAs, é possível que a ausência destas, em lactentes, esteja associada a discretas alterações timpanométricas. OBJETIVO: Verificar a associação entre resposta de EOAT e alteração imitanciométrica com a sonda de 226Hz em lactentes. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte contemporânea com corte transversal. Foram avaliados 20 lactentes com ausência de EOAT (grupo pesquisa e 101 lactentes com presença de EOAT (grupo comparação, com idades variando entre o nascimento e oito meses. Os lactentes foram submetidos a: timpanometria; pesquisa dos limiares de reflexo acústico contralateral com estímulos de 0,5k, 1k, 2k, 4kHz e ruído de faixa larga; emissões otoacústicas (transiente e por produtos de distorção. O potencial evocado auditivo de tronco encefálico para pesquisa do limiar de resposta foi realizado no grupo pesquisa. RESULTADOS: Observou-se diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos (pConsidering the hypothesis that middle ear changes can impair the recording of otoacoustic emissions, it is possible that absent otoacoustic emissions in infants could be associated with a light tympanometric change. AIM: To study the association between transient otoacoustic emissions and changes in acoustic immittance measurements with 226Hz probe tone in neonates. METHODS: Cross-sectional contemporary cohort study. 20 infants with no transient otoacoustic emissions (study group and 101 infants with transient otoacoustic emissions (control group, with ages ranged from birth to eight months, were assessed. Infants were submitted to: admittance tympanometry; contralateral acoustic reflex threshold with stimulus of 0.5, 1, 2, 4 kHz and broad band noise; transient and distortion product otoacoustic emissions. The auditory brain response was used to study the threshold in neonates without transient otoacoustic emissions. RESULTS

Natural and anthropogenic environmental hazards. Research results of the Department of Applied Geology; Natuerliche und anthropogene Umweltgefaehrdungen. Forschungsergebnisse aus dem Lehrstuhl fuer Angewandte Geologie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Czurda, K.; Eiswirth, M.; Hoetzl, H. [comps.

1998-12-31

Applied geology is employed in mining geology, raw materials geology, engineering geology, and hydrogeology, of which the two last-mentioned are the most important for the Department of Applied Geology. This series of publications arose from the need of making research findings, dissertations, theses and conference papers accessible to the public faster and more comprehensively than in national and international journals. [Deutsch] Die Aufgaben der angewandten Geologie sind im weitesten Sinne in der Montangeologie, in der Rohstoffgeologie, in der Ingenieurgeologie und in der Hydrogeologie zu sehen. Der engere Aufgabenbereich der Institute fuer Angewandte Geologie konzentriert sich der heutigen Fragestellung entsprechend meist auf die Ingenieurgeologie und Hydrogeologie. Wenn wir daraus noch die Umweltgeologie ableiten, so ist der Lehr- und Forschungsschwerpunkt auch des Karlsruher Lehrstuhles fuer Angewandte Geologie (AGK=Angewandte Geologie Karlsruhe) umrissen. Die vorliegende Schriftenreihe ist aus der Notwendigkeit entstanden, Forschungsergebnisse, Dissertationen und ausgewaehlte Diplomarbeiten sowie Beitraege einschlaegiger Tagungen in Karlsruhe rascher und u.U. umfangreicher als in internationalen oder nationalen Journalen moeglich zu publizieren. (orig.)

Avaliação do processamento auditivo por meio do teste de reconhecimento de dissílabos em tarefa dicótica SSW em indivíduos com audição normal e ausência do reflexo acústico contralateral

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Marotta Rosely Munhoz Bonilha

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Introdução: O Reflexo Acústico (RA é considerado uma importante ferramenta diagnóstica dos distúrbios da audição. Seu limiar está normal na faixa de 70 a 90 dBNS. Para que o RA ocorra, é necessária a integridade do sistema auditivo periférico e central principalmente ao nível do Tronco Encefálico (TE. Estruturas do TE relacionadas com o RA são também responsáveis pelo Processamento Auditivo (PA no que diz respeito a importantes habilidades auditivas. Objetivo: Neste estudo, procuramos verificar o desempenho de indivíduos com audição periférica normal e ausência do RA Contralateral no reconhecimento de dissílabos em tarefa dicótica por meio Teste SSW, versão em português. Forma de estudo: Clínico prospectivo randomizado. Material e Método: A casuística é composta de 100 indivíduos com idades de 19-59 anos, de ambos os sexos, distribuídos nos grupos Controle (n=50 e Estudo (n=50. O grupo Estudo apresenta audição periférica normal, e ausência do RA Contralateral em pelo menos uma freqüência testada. Resultados: Os grupos apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significantes com relação à ausência do RA Contralateral e Ipsilateral em todas as freqüências testadas bilateralmente. Quanto aos resultados de normalidade do Teste SSW, as diferenças foram estatisticamente significantes nas condições de Direito e Esquerdo Competitivos e tendências de respostas de Efeito Auditivo, Efeito de Ordem e Tipo A. Na comparação por número de erros, houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes nas situações de Direito e Esquerdo Competitivos. Conclusões: Os resultados deste estudo reforçam a relevância do papel das estruturas responsáveis pelo RA no PA, sugerindo que pacientes com audição periférica normal e alterações do RA sejam submetidos à avaliação do PA.

Sensitivity of shovelnose sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus platorynchus) and pallid sturgeon (S. albus) early life stages to 3,30,4,40,5-pentachlorobiphenyl and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin exposure

Science.gov (United States)

Buckler, Justin; Candrl, James S.; McKee, Michael J.; Papoulias, Diana M.; Tillitt, Donald E.; Galat, David L.

2015-01-01

Concern exists that polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) may be contributing to the current decline of shovelnose sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus platorynchus) and the US federally endangered pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus). Waterborne exposures with newly fertilized eggs were used to assess developmental and morphological effects of 2 of the most potent aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists, 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-126) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), on early life stage shovelnose and pallid sturgeon. No dose-related effects of PCB-126 were observed on percent development or hatch in either species at concentrations as high as 1711 ng/g egg. Effects of TCDD on percent development were not assessed in shovelnose sturgeon. However, percent development was not affected by TCDD in pallid sturgeon, and percent hatch was unaffected by TCDD doses as high as 60 ng/g egg to 81 ng/g egg in either species. Morphological pathologies such as yolk sac edema and craniofacial deformities were typical of AhR agonist exposure and were similar in both species. Calculated PCB-126 50% lethal dose (LD50, 95% fiducial limits) values were 196 ng/g egg (188–203 ng/g) for shovelnose and 159 ng/g egg (122–199 ng/g) for pallid sturgeon. Likewise, calculated TCDD LD50 values were 13 ng/g egg (11–15 ng/g) for shovelnose and 12 ng/g egg (10–14 ng/g) for pallid sturgeon. These LD50 values are among the highest recorded in early life stage fish, suggesting that early life stage Scaphirhynchus sturgeon may be comparatively insensitive to AhR agonists.

Raw Pea (Pisum sativum, raw Faba bean (Vicia faba var. minor and raw Lupin (Lupinus albus var. multitalia as alternative protein sources in broiler diets

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Gianfranco Piva

2010-01-01

Full Text Available The ban of the meat and bone meal for entering animal diets and the concern of transgenic feeds poses a challenge toanimal nutritionists in Europe. The challenge is to find homegrown protein-rich feedstuffs, making sure no antinutritionalfactors are present which could interfere in the animals’ performance. The raw Pea (Pisum sativum (RP, raw Fababean (Vicia faba, variety minor (RFb and raw Lupin (Lupinus albus, variety multitalia (RL were evaluated as alternativeprotein sources into broiler diets. Six hundred thirty 1d-old Ross male chicks, Marek vaccinated, were randomlyassigned to seven dietary treatments (5 pens per treatment/18 birds per pen. Chicks were floor housed, ad libitum fedisocaloric and isonitrogenous diets and had free access to water. Artificial light was provided 10 h/d. The bulk of the basediet (control diet was corn (48.7%, 56.6% and 57%, solvent-extracted soybean meal (42.8%, 37.3% and 33.4%, cornoil (4.4%, 5.2% and 6.3%, plus synthetic amino acids, minerals, trace minerals and vitamins, respectively for the 1-10d-old, 11-28d-old and 29 to 42d-old growing periods. The RP, RFb and RL entered diets in substitution of the soybeanand corn according to the cost optimization (P100, Fb100 and L100, respectively for RP, RFb and RL and at half of theoptimized quantity (RP50, RFb50 and RL50, respectively for RP, RFb and RL. The amount used as fed basis for the higherlevel of inclusion were: P100: 350 g/kg for all diets; Fb100: 480 g/kg (1-10d-old and 500 g/kg (11-42d-old; L100:360 g/kg (1-10d-old and 300 g/kg (11-42d-old. The average daily gain (ADG were lower (P compared to the control group. Over the whole period of growth, the RFb group had similar ADG compared to the controlgroup and for both levels of inclusion, whereas reduced (P (P growth. Birds performance was improved (P and breast and leg quarter cuts. The RFb and RL could represent valuable protein feeds in broilers diet formulation.

WILD PINEAPPLE (ANANAS BRACTEATUS (LINDL., VAR. ALBUS HARVESTED IN FOREST PATCHES IN RURAL AREA OF VIÇOSA, MINAS GERIAS, BRAZIL: EXCELLENT SOURCE OF MINERALS AND GOOD SOURCE OF PROTEINS AND VITAMIN C

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GALDINO XAVIER DE PAULA FILHO

2016-01-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACT In the rural region of the municipality of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, forest patches are encountered and they present a great diversity of wild and edible fruit, where wild pineapple (Ananas bracteatus (Lindl., var. albus is one of those of greatest occurrence. Given that, little is known about the nutritional characteristics of this fruit, the present study aimed to investigate the physical and physic-chemical characteristics, chemical composition (titratable acidity, total soluble solids, pH, moisture content, ash, protein, lipids and dietary fiber, carotenoids (a-carotene, ß-carotene, ß-cryptoxanthin and lycopene, vitamin C (AA and DHA by HPLC-DAD, vitamin E (a-, ß-, ?-, d-, tocopherols and tocotrienols by HPLC-fluorescence, and minerals (P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, Na, Cr, Se and Mo by ICP-AES. Fruits showed a moisture content average of 78.5 g 100g-1, 16.3 ° Brix of soluble solids, titratable acidity equal to 1.71 g 100g-1 of citric acid, 1.66 g 100g-1 of dietary fiber, 1.41 g 100 g-1 of lipids and caloric density of 83.15 kcal 100g-1. We considered it a source of carbohydrates (12.82 g 100g-1, proteins (4.79 g 100g-1 and Zn (0.98 mg 100g-1; a good source of vitamin C (18.70 mg 100g-1; and an excellent source of Cu (0.48 mg 100g-1, Fe (2.05 mg 100g-1, Mn (8.87 mg 100g-1 and Mo (0.15 mg 100g-1.

Gear's method with a BICG variant - solutions, algorithms, applications in temperature calculation in fire protection and thermal insulation; Das Verfahren von Gear mit BICG-Loeser - Grundlagen, Algorithmen und Anwendungen auf Temperaturberechnungen aus dem Brand- und Waermeschutz

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Liebau, F. [Technische Univ. Berlin (Germany). Fachbereich 3 - Mathematik; Rudolphi, R. [Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin (Germany)

2001-07-01

If we apply the multistep method of W. Gear for the integration of a system of ordinary differential equations to the nonlinear heat conduction equation in the implementation EPISODE, this results in memory problems due to the band structure of the Jacobian, because EPISODE uses a LU-decomposition with pivoting. The report describes measures which suit this method to the actual conditions. If we use the storage scheme for sparse matrices from Liebau, Rudolphi, only the nonzero elements of the Jacobian are stored. In case of a linear problem, this matrix only has to be computed once. The BI-CGSTAB-method, an iterative method, replaces the LU-decomposition resp. the solution of the linear (and possibly non-symmetric) system of equations resulting from the corrector step. If {tau} is the time step length and h the space step length, this BICG-variant has good convergence properties for a moderate ratio of {tau}/h{sup 2}. The report also includes a short description of the program INSTATCP developed in Borland Delphi 4/Object Pascal. Two applications from the field of fire protection and thermal insulation in buildings (fire insulated steel column and vertically perforated brick) show that the modifications of the Gear method work effectively. (orig.) [German] Wird das Mehrschnittverfahren von W. Gear zur Integration eines Systems gewoehnlicher Differentialgleichungen in der Implementation EPISODE auf die nichtlineare Waermeleitungsgleichung angewandt, so ergeben sich aufgrund der Bandstruktur der Jacobi-Matrix Speicherplatzprobleme, da EPISODE eine LU-Zerlegung mit Pivot-Wahl benutzt. Der Bericht beschreibt Massnahmen, mit denen das Verfahren an die hier vorliegende Situation angepasst wird. Durch die Verwendung des Speicherschemas fuer Sparse-Matrizen aus Liebau, Rudolphi werden nur die Nichtnullelemente der Jacobi-Matrix gespeichert. Liegt insbesondere ein lineares Problem vor, so braucht diese Matrix nur einmal berechnet zu werden. Das BI-CGSTAB-Verfahren, also

Quality assurance from the point of view of the gas and water suppliers; Qualitaetssicherung aus Sicht der Gas- und Wasserversorger

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schiltknecht, M. [SVGW, Abt. Gas, Zurich (Switzerland); Girsberger, W. [SVGW, Abt. Gas, Zurich (Switzerland)

1996-06-01

Considerable misgivings concerning the quality assurance systems exist among the energy supply enterprises. However, the proper utilisation of these systems creates cost transparency, increases economic efficiency and promotes customer satisfaction. A working group comprising representatives of the insular works and the propane-air producers for peak demand have critically examined the quality requirements in the field of product, operation, application and management of the gas supply on the basis of a well-defined performance commission. The evaluation of the enquiry at the member plants showed that, especially concerning the gas quality, network management, operational security and the organisational procedures, a demand for an efficient quality management exists. For a long-term execution of the service commission a certification according to ISO 9000-Series is recommended. (orig.) [Deutsch] In den Energieversorgungsunternehmen bestehen erhebliche Bedenken ueber die Nuetzlichkeit von Qualitaetssicherungssystemen. Deren richtige Anwendung schafft jedoch Kostentransparenz, steigert die Wirtschaftlichkeit und foerdert die Kundenzufriedenheit. Eine Arbeitsgruppe aus Vertretern der Inselwerke und der Propan-Luft-Spitzendeckung hat sich bei definiertem Leistungsauftrag mit den Qualitaetsanforderungen in den Bereichen Produkt, Betrieb, Anwendung und Management der Gasversorgung auseinandergesetzt. Die Auswertung der Umfrage bei den Mitgliedwerken zeigte, dass besonders bei der Gasqualitaet, der Netzbewirtschaftung, der Betriebssicherheit und der betrieblichen Ablauforganisation ein Bedarf an effizienter Qualitaetsbewirtschaftung besteht. Zur langfristigen Erfuellung des Dienstleistungsauftrages empfiehlt sich die Zertifizierung nach der ISO-9000er-Reihe. (orig.)

Nasalância na presença e ausência da fricativa faríngea

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Thais Alves Guerra

2016-04-01

Full Text Available RESUMO Objetivo: comparar os valores de nasalância em amostras de fala com e sem o uso de fricativa faríngea e, também, com e sem hipernasalidade. Métodos: um total de 840 amostras de fala foi analisado neste estudo. As amostras foram julgadas por três juízas experientes por consenso quanto aos aspectos hipernasalidade e fricativa faríngea. Os julgamentos foram distribuídos em quatro grupos: G1: 255 amostras de fala julgadas como representativas de hipernasalidade; G2: 130 amostras julgadas como representativas do uso de fricativa faríngea e hipernasalidade; G3: 280 amostras julgadas como representativas de fala normal em falantes com história de fissura labiopalatina; G4: 175 amostras julgadas como representativas de fala normal em falantes sem história de fissura labiopalatina. Para análise dos dados foi utilizando o teste Kruskal-Wallis e quando houve diferença estatisticamente significante foi aplicado o teste Dunn's para comparar os grupos aos pares. Resultados: os julgamentos aferidos por consenso pelas três juízas permitiram a identificação de amostras representativas do uso de fricativa faríngea e da presença e ausência de hipernasalidade. Foram estabelecidos valores de nasalância (média e desvio padrão para cada grupo e observou-se que houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos com alteração de fala (G1 e G2 e aqueles sem alteração (G3 e G4. A diferença entre o grupo com hipernasalidade (G1 e o grupo com FF (G2 não foi significante. Conclusão: o uso de FF não influenciou significantemente os valores de nasalância para a amostra estudada.

Efficient utilization of xylanase and lipase producing thermophilic ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Efficient utilization of xylanase and lipase producing thermophilic marine actinomycetes ( Streptomyces albus and Streptomyces hygroscopicus ) in the production of ecofriendly alternative energy from waste.

Ausências dos colaboradores de enfermagem do pronto-socorro de um hospital universitário Ausencias de los colaboradores de enfermería del servicio de emergencia de un hospital universitario Nursing staff absences in the emergency room of a university hospital

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Flávio Trevisani Fakih

2012-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Verificar e analisar as ausências dos colaboradores de enfermagem do pronto-socorro de adultos (PSA de um hospital universitário. MÉTODOS: Estudo de abordagem quantitativa, observacional e prospectivo, realizado de janeiro a dezembro de 2009, envolvendo os colaboradores de enfermagem de um PSA. RESULTADOS: O PSA teve, em média, 96,8 colaboradores por mês. As ausências previstas corresponderam a 30,1% dos dias de trabalho. A taxa de absenteísmo foi de 11,7%. Houve maior incidência de ausências não previstas no período de maio (15,3% e agosto (13,3%. CONCLUSÃO: Houve correlação entre as variáveis: categoria profissional; vínculo empregatício e turno de trabalho e a distribuição das ausências previstas e não previstas. O absenteísmo foi considerado elevado e motivado, sobretudo, pelas licenças para tratamento de saúde superiores a 15 dias. O déficit mensal de pessoal contribuiu também para a sobrecarga do trabalho da equipe.OBJETIVO: Verificar y analizar las ausencias de los colaboradores de enfermería de un servicio de emergencias de adultos (SEA de un hospital universitario. MÉTODOS: Estudio de abordaje cuantitativa, observacional y prospectivo, realizado de enero a diciembre del 2009, involucrando a los colaboradores de enfermería de un SEA. RESULTADOS: El SEA tuvo, en promedio, 96,8 colaboradores por mes. Las ausencias previstas correspondieron a 30,1% de los días de trabajo. La tasa de ausentismo fue de 11,7%. Hubo mayor incidencia de ausencias no previstas en el período de mayo (15,3% y agosto (13,3%. CONCLUSIÓN: Hubo correlación entre las variables: categoria profesional; vínculo empleaticio y turno de trabajo y la distribución de las ausencias previstas y no previstas. El ausentismo fue considerado elevado y motivado, sobre todo, por las licencias para tratamiento de la salud superiores a 15 días. El déficit mensual de personal contribuyó también para la sobrecarga del trabajo del equipo

Report of the Hydrographic Service, Royal Australian Navy for the Year Ended 30th June 1987, Issue Number 23.

Science.gov (United States)

1987-01-01

River Entrance 1:7500 Queensland Aus 54 NC Port Hedland 1:7500 Western Aust. Aus 200 NE Port Jackson 1:20000 N.S. Wales Aus 207 NE Approaches to...235 NE Approaches to Moreton Bay 1:75000 Queensland Aus 822 NE Port Clinton to Percy Isles 1 :150000 Queensland Aus 614 NC Herald Passage to Turtle

Digestion of polysaccharides, protein and lipids by adult cockerels fed on diets containing a pectic cell-wall material from white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) cotyledon.

Science.gov (United States)

Carré, B; Leclercq, B

1985-11-01

1. The cell-wall material of white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) cotyledon is characterized by low contents of cellulose (47 g/kg) and lignin (17 g/kg) and a high content of pectic substances (710 g/kg). The digestion of lupin cell-wall material by adult cockerels was estimated using gas-liquid chromatographic analyses of alditol acetates derived from polysaccharide sugars. The analyses were performed in the destarched water-insoluble fractions of feed and excreta. Digestibility measurements were carried out using a 3 d balance period including a 2 d feeding period and a 24 h final starvation period. 2. In the first experiment, six animals were given a diet containing 510 g white lupin cotyledon flour/kg which was the only source of protein and cell walls in the diet. The apparent digestibility of cell-wall components was near zero. 3. In the second experiment, three diets were prepared by diluting a fibre-free basal diet (diet A) by a semi-purified cell-wall preparation introduced at two different levels: 100 g/kg (diet B) and 200 g/kg (diet C). The semi-purified cell walls were prepared from the white lupin cotyledon flour used in the first experiment. The true digestibilities of polysaccharides measured in birds given diets B and C were near zero. It is suggested that the measurement of the neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) content according to Van Soest & Wine (1967) is not a suitable procedure for estimating the undigestible fibre content in poultry nutrition as the cell-wall pectic substances are not included in the NDF measurement. 4. Addition of the semi-purified cell-wall preparation (Expt 2) resulted in a slight decrease in the apparent protein digestibility. This decrease might be explained by the addition of undigestible cell-wall protein. 5. Addition of the semi-purified cell-wall preparation (Expt 2) had no effect on the apparent lipid digestibility. 6. The metabolizable energy values of the basal diet fraction of diets B and C were calculated assuming that

Toward Electoral Security: Experiences from KwaZulu-Natal Höhere Sicherheit bei Wahlen: Erfahrungen aus KwaZulu-Natal

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Kristine Höglund

2011-01-01

Full Text Available There is a growing recognition of the dangers of electoral violence. Yet, the theoretical foundation for systematic research and for adequate policy is still underdeveloped. This article aims to develop the theoretical understandings of strategies to manage and prevent electoral violence. This is accomplished by integrating research conducted within the two academic discourses on democratization and conflict management and also by drawing on the experiences from the conflict-ridden province KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa. The five strategies identified are monitoring, mediation, legal measures, law enforcement and self-regulating practices. In the article, the functions and mechanisms of the strategies are discussed. In addition, we analyse the limitations and usefulness of each of the strategies in turn and also provide suggestions on how to improve electoral security.Gewaltsame Auseinandersetzungen bei Wahlen werden zunehmend als Gefahr erkannt. Dennoch sind die theoretischen Grundlagen systematischer Forschungen zu diesem Phänomen, die zu angemessenen politischen Handlungsweisen beitragen könnten, immer noch ungenügend entwickelt. Dieser Beitrag zielt darauf ab, einen theoretischen Hintergrund für Strategien zum Umgang mit Gewalt bei Wahlen und zur Prävention zu entwickeln. Zu diesem Zweck kombinieren die Autorinnen Ergebnisse zweier Forschungsbereiche – der Demokratisierungsforschung und der Forschung zum Konfliktmanagement – und ziehen außerdem Erfahrungen aus der konfliktbeladenen südafrikanischen Provinz KwaZulu-Natal heran. Sie identifizieren fünf Strategien: Monitoring, Mediation, gesetzliche Maßnahmen, Sanktionierung und Selbsthilfepraktiken. Die Autorinnen diskutieren die Wirkungsweisen und Erfolgsaussichten, aber auch die Grenzen dieser Strategien und machen einige konkrete Vorschläge zur Erhöhung der Sicherheit bei Wahlen.

System analysis of CO{sub 2} sequestration from biomass cogeneration plants (Bio-CHP-CCS). Technology, economic efficiency, sustainability; Systemanalyse der CO{sub 2}-Sequestrierung aus Biomasse-Heizkraftwerken (Bio-KWK-CCS). Technik, Wirtschaftlichkeit, Nachhaltigkeit

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hartmann, Claus

2014-10-15

} emissions to be established until 2020, as well as the use of CO{sub 2} as a raw material (e.g. in the form of methane or in algae reactors) [cf. Federal Government, 2010, p. 20]. [German] In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird in Form einer Systemanalyse untersucht, inwiefern eine Kombination der drei Bereiche energetische Biomassenutzung, Kraft-Waerme-Kopplung (KWK) und CO{sub 2}-Sequestrierung (CCS - Carbon Capture and Storage) grundsaetzlich moeglich und sinnvoll ist. Unter dem Begriff CO{sub 2}-Sequestrierung wird in dieser Arbeit die Prozesskette aus CO{sub 2}-Abscheidung, CO{sub 2}-Transport und CO{sub 2}-Speicherung verstanden. Waehrend die Nutzung von Biomasse in Heizkraftwerken bereits gaengige Praxis darstellt, befindet sich die CO{sub 2}-Sequestrierung (auf Basis fossiler Energietraeger) im Forschungs und Entwicklungsstadium. Eine Kombination von CCS mit Biomasse ist bislang wenig, eine Kombination mit Heizkraftwerken gar nicht untersucht worden. Die beiden Techniken der energetischen Biomassenutzung und der KWK stellen in den Planungen der deutschen Bundesregierung feste Groessen im Energiesystem der Zukunft dar: Nach dem Leitszenario des Bundesumweltministeriums soll die Stromerzeugung aus Biomasse bis 2020 gegenueber 2008 nahezu verdoppelt werden. Gleichzeitig soll die in KWK erzeugte Waerme verdreifacht werden [vgl. Nitsch und Wenzel, 2009, S. 10]1. Parallel dazu soll die CCS-Technologie bis 2030 in der Haelfte aller deutschen Kohlekraftwerke eingesetzt werden [vgl. Krassuki et al., 2009, S. 17]. Auch die Kombination aus Biomasse und CCS stellt fuer die deutsche Bundespolitik eine perspektivisch denkbare Option dar [vgl. Bundestag, 2008b, S. 4]. Darueber hinaus werden der CCS-Technologie zukuenftig sehr gute Exportchancen fuer die deutsche Wirtschaft eingeraeumt [vgl. Bundesregierung, 2010, S. 20]. Die Kombination von Biomasse-Heizkraftwerken mit CCS bietet ueber die CO{sub 2}-Neutralitaet hinaus die interessante Moeglichkeit, als zukuenftiges Klimaschutzinstrument

Knitted structures of endless fibers for gas cleaning. Pt. 2; Gestrickte Strukturen aus Endlosfasern fuer die Abgasreinigung. T. 2

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mayer, A.; Mayer, J.; Wintermantel, E.; Buck, A.; Schmidt, R.M.; Mattes, P.; Sudmanns, H.; Bressler, H.

1995-07-01

Knittings based on ceramic filament yarns can be used to clean polluted air and exhaust gas efficiently up to temperatures of 1000 C. They provide interesting properties for the filtration of Diesel particles as well as for catalysis and adsorption of toxic gas components. The special knitting technology can handle any brittle fibers, producing elastic structures, which are thermochoc-resistent and can therefore even be used for preturbo applications. The first part of this paper, published in MTZ 56 (1995) 2 deals with the basic properties of this cleaning medium. This second part concentrates on Diesel particulate trop applications. These new trap and catalyst concepts are under development by Buck/Bondorf with TTM/Niederrohrdorf. Basic research is delegated to ETH Zuerich and Universitaet by Gillet/Edenkoben and, with focus on preturbo-applications by MTU/Friedrichshafen. (orig.) [Deutsch] Gestricke aus keramischen Endlosfasern sind bis zu Temperaturen um 1000 C fuer die Abluft- und Abgasreinigung einsetzbar. Sie eignen sich fuer die Filtration von Dieselpartikeln, insbesondere deren Feinstfraktionen ebenso wie fuer die Katalyse und fuer die Adsorption gasfoermiger Schadstoffkomponenten. Die Strukturen sind volumenelastisch, unempfindlich gegen Thermoschock und daher auch im motornahen Bereich risikoarm einsetzbar. In einem ersten Teilbeitrag in der Februarausgabe der MTZ wurden grundlegende Erkenntnisse dieses Abgasreinigungsmediums beschrieben. Der vorliegende zweite Teil beschreibt Anwendungen mit Schwerpunkt Dieselpartikelfilter. Diese neue Fasertechnik wird bei Buck, Bondorf, zusammen mit TTM, Niderrohrdorf, entwickelt. Forschungsarbeiten werden an der ETH Zuerich und der Universitaet Erlangen im Rahmen des BMFT-Projektes 01 VQ 9305/9 durchgefuehrt. Fragen zu motornachgeschalteten Anwendungen untersucht Gillett, Edenkoben, Moeglichkeiten der Motorintegration solcher Filter die MTU Friedrichshafen. (orig.)

Indications for axillary ultrasound use in breast cancer patients.

Science.gov (United States)

Joh, Jennifer E; Han, Gang; Kiluk, John V; Laronga, Christine; Khakpour, Nazanin; Lee, M Catherine

2012-12-01

Axillary ultrasound has been adopted for preoperative planning in breast cancer. Our objective was to determine features predictive of abnormal AUS and/or positive axillary node needle biopsy (NBx). Single-institution database of breast cancer patients identified patients with preoperative AUS. Patient characteristics and outcomes were correlated with AUS and NBx. Significant features were identified using univariable and multivariable analysis and correlative statistics. Three hundred thirteen breast cancers were evaluated. Abnormal AUS was demonstrated in 250 cases (80%). Node needle biopsy was performed in 247 cases (79%). Sensitivity and specificity was 93% and 48% for AUS and 86% and 100% for NBx, respectively. Palpable axillary adenopathy was significant in logistic regression model (P AUS and NBx (P AUS. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Power transmission in combined compressors comprising a radial and side channel stage. Final report and appendices; Untersuchungen ueber die Energieuebertragung in kombinierten Verdichtern aus Radial- und Seitenkanalstufe. Abschlussbericht und Anlagen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Surek, D.

2001-07-30

In the field of turbo-compressors, the following problems must be solved in order to extend the range of operation: (a) Prevention of rotating stall at part load; (b) Extension of the permissible operating range at part load; (c) Extension of the operation range of radial and side channel compressors in higher vacuum below p{sub s}=50kPa. (c) can be achieved by changing the flow pattern in the rotor and in the region of interaction between the blade wheel and guide wheel of radial compressors or by actively influencing transient flow, e.g. by coupling radial compressor stages with a side channel compressor stage as final stage. The contribution goes into detail about the latter solution. [German] Fuer den Turboverdichterbau sind gegenwaertig folgende Probleme zur Erweiterung der Betriebsbereiche dringend zu loesen: (a) Vermeiden oder beseitigen von Rotating Stall im Teillastbereich,(b) Erweiterung des zulaessigen Arbeitsbereiches im Teillastgebiet, (c) Erschliessung des Arbeitsbereichs von Radial- und Seitenkanalverdichtern im hoeheren Vakuumbereich unterhalb von p{sub s}=50 kPa. Die Erweiterung des zulaessigen Arbeitsbereichs im Teillastgebiet kann durch Veraenderung der Stroemungsstruktur im Laufrad und im Interaktionsbereich zwischen Lauf- und Leitrad von Radialverdichtern oder durch die aktive Beeinflussung der instationaeren Stroemung z.B. durch Kopplung von Radialverdichterstufen mit einer Seitenkanalverdichterstufe als Endstufe erfolgen. Seitenkanalverdichter verfuegen ueber stabile Kennlinien im gesamten Betriebsbereich. Im Kombinationsbetrieb einer Radialverdichterstufe mit nach- oder vorgeschalteter Seitenkanalverdichterstufe praegte die Seitenkanalverdichterstufe dem Kombinationsverdichter ihr stabiles Kennlinienverhalten auf, so dass sich eine stabile Gesamtkennlinie ergibt. Eine Pumpgrenze tritt nicht mehr auf, so dass der Betrieb von Verdichterkombinationen aus Radial- und Seitenkanalstufe im gesamten Kennlinienbereich moeglich ist. Die

Magnitude of phonetic distinction predicts success at early word learning in native and non-native accents

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Paola eEscudero

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Although infants perceptually attune to native vowels and consonants well before 12 months, at 13–15 months, they have difficulty learning to associate novel words that differ by their initial consonant (e.g., BIN and DIN to their visual referents. However, this difficulty may not apply to all minimal-pair novel words. While Canadian English (CE 15-month-olds failed to respond to a switch from the newly learned word DEET to the novel nonword DOOT, they did notice a switch from DEET to DIT (Curtin, Fennell, & Escudero, 2009. Those authors argued that early word learners capitalize on large phonetic differences, seen in CE DEET–DIT, but not on smaller phonetic differences, as in CE DEET–DOOT. To assess this hypothesis, we tested Australian English (AusE 15-month-olds, as AusE has a smaller magnitude of phonetic difference in both novel word pairs. Two groups of infants were trained on the novel word DEET and tested on the vowel switches in DIT and DOOT, produced by an AusE female speaker or the same CE female speaker as in Curtin et al. (2009. If the size of the phonetic distinction plays a more central role than native accent experience in early word learning, AusE children should more easily recognize both of the unfamiliar but larger CE vowel switches than the more familiar but smaller AusE ones. The results support our phonetic-magnitude hypothesis: AusE children taught and tested with the CE-accented novel words looked longer to both of the switch test trials (DIT, DOOT than same test trials (DEET, while those who heard the AusE-accented tokens did not notice either switch. Implications of our findings for models of early word learning are discussed.

Genetic and molecular characterization of leaf rust resistance in two durum landraces against the durum- specific Puccinia triticina races

Science.gov (United States)

The Portuguese durum landraces, Aus26582 and Aus26579, showed resistance against two very different durum-specific Puccinia triticina (Pt) races CA 1.2 and ETH 12.5-2 collected from California and Ethiopia, respectively. Aus26582 and Aus26579 were crossed with a susceptible landrace Bansi to develop...

Helminths of hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata from the Pacific coast of Costa Rica

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Santoro M.

2015-02-01

Full Text Available Parasitological examination of a stranded hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata from Pacific coast of Costa Rica revealed the presence of a rich digenean fauna including Carettacola stunkardi (Spirorchiidae, Enodiotrema reductum (Plagiorchiidae, Cricocephalus albus, Adenogaster serialis, Epi-bathra crassa, Pleurogonius lobatus, P. trigonocephalus, P. linearis, and Pyelosomum posterorchis (Pronocephalidae. All helminths except C. albus and P. lobatus represent new geographical records for Costa Rica. Carettacola stunkardi is reported for first time in an Eastern Pacific hawksbill turtle and its pathological changes are here described. Histologically, nodular lesions on the serosal surface of intestine revealed a mixed infiltrate of heterophils, lymphocytes, and histiocytes within necrotic debris. Granulomas with spirorchiid eggs were observed in the mucosa, sub-mucosa and muscular layers of stomach and intestine, gallbladder and liver.

Production of bio-oils from wood by flash pyrolysis; Herstellung von Bio-Oelen aus Holz in einer Flash-Pyrolyseanlage

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Meier, D; Ollesch, T [Bundesforschungsanstalt fuer Forst- und Holzwirtschaft, Hamburg (Germany). Inst. fuer Holzchemie und Chemische Technologie des Holzes; Gerdes, C; Kaminsky, W [Hamburg Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMCh)

1998-09-01

Flash pyrolysis is a medium-temperature process (around 475 C) in which biomass is heated up rapidly in the absence of oxygen. The pyrolysis products are cooled down rapidly, condensing into a reddish-brown liquid with around half the calorific value of a conventional heating oil. In contrast to conventional charcoal production, flash pyrolysis is a modern process whose process parameters enure high liquid yields. Modern fluidized-bed reactors for flash pyrolysis of biomass tend to have high heating rates and short times of residue. In the `Hamburg process`, fluidized-bed reactors are used successfully for pyrolysis of plastics. A flash pyrolysis plant for biomass treatment was constructed in cooperation with Hamburg University with funds provided by the `Bundesstiftung Umwelt`. This contribution describes the first series of experiments, mass balances and oil analyses using beech wood as material to be pyrolyzed. (orig./SR) [Deutsch] Flash-Pyrolyse ist ein Mitteltemperatur-Prozess (ca. 475 C), in dem Biomasse unter Sauerstoffausschluss sehr schnell erhitzt wird. Die entstehenden Pyrolyseprodukte werden schnell abgekuehlt und kondensieren zu einer roetlich-braunen Fluessigkeit, die etwa die Haelfte des Heizwertes eines konventionellen Heizoeles besitzt. Flash-Pyrolyse ist, im Gegensatz zur konventionellen Holzverkohlung, ein modernes Verfahren, dessen spezielle Verfahrensparameter hohe Fluessigausbeuten ermoeglichen. Hohe Aufheizraten, verbunden mit kurzen Verweilzeiten, werden mit stationaeren Wirbelbettreaktoren erzielt die gegenwaertig vorwiegend fuer die Flash-Pyrolyse von Biomasse eingesetzt werden. Im `Hamburger Verfahren` haben sich Wirbelbettreaktoren im Bereich der Kunststoffpyrolyse bewaehrt. Daher wurde in Zusammenarbeit mit der Universitaet Hamburg und finanzieller Foerderung der Bundesstiftung Umwelt eine Flash-Pyrolyseanlage fuer Biomasse gebaut: In dieser Arbeit werden erste Versuchsreihen, Massenbilanzen und Oelanalysen aus der Pyrolyse von

Furochinoline alkaloids in plants from Rutaceae family – a review

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Adamska-Szewczyk Aldona

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Over the past five years, phytochemical and pharmacological studies have been conducted on material extracted from members of the Rutaceae family. In such work, new furochinoline-structured alkaloids were isolated from Ruta sp. and Dictamnus sp. Beyond the aforementioned, other substances with promising activity were isolated from the less-known species of Zanthoxylum, Evodia, Lonchocarpus, Myrthopsis and Teclea. Currently used forms of extraction, as well as methods of isolation and detection, allow the obtaining of pure, biologically active compounds. Many of these have antifungal, anti-bacterial and anti-plasmodial properties. Others are still being researched as potential drugs, which, in future, may be used in treating those afflicted with HIV and cancer. This article is designed to give the readers a thorough review of the active natural products from the Rutaceae family.

Hexa-herbal Chinese formula for eczema

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Chang, J.; Jäger, Anna; Heinrich, M.

2014-01-01

Diverse pharmacological activities and reliable clinical performances of Chinese herbal medicines have attracted worldwide attention in terms of its modernization. Here, a hexa-herbal Chinese formula (HHCF) for treating eczema topically has been studied from both chemical and biological perspective....... It consists of roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Gerogi, Rheum officinale Baill., Sophora flavescens Aiton; root's bark of Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz.; bark of Phellodendron chinense C.K. Schnied and fruit of Kochia scoparia (L.) Schard.. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of the hexa-herbal decoction...... colonizes the skin of most patients with AD and produces superantigens that could further increase severity of AD via subverting T-regulatory cell activity and inducing corticosteroid resistance. [3] Therefore, activity of the decoctions prepared from mixture and individual medicinal plants of the formula...

Biological activity of some Patagonian plants.

Science.gov (United States)

Cuadra, Pedro; Furrianca, María; Oyarzún, Alejandra; Yáñez, Erwin; Gallardo, Amalia; Fajardo, Víctor

2005-12-01

Citotoxicity (inhibition of cell division in fertilized eggs of Loxechinus albus) and general toxicity (using embryos of Artemia salina) of plants belonging to the genera Senecio, Deschampsia, Alstroemeria, Anarthrophyllum, Chloraea and Geranium were investigated.

Eine Extraktkombination aus Cranberry, Brunnenkresse und Meerrettich in der Anwendung bei Frauen mit unkompliziertem Harnwegsinfekt // A Complex Preparation of Cranberry, Horseradish and Watercress in the Treatment of Non-Severe Lower Urinary Tract Infect

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Thiel I

2016-01-01

-Resistenzen besteht für die Behandlung von unkomplizierten unteren Harnwegsinfektionen (Urethritis, Zystitis, Urethrozystitis ein dringender Bedarf an alternativen pflanzlichen Arzneimitteln. Vaccinium macrocarpon, die amerikanische Cranberry, wirkt durch verschiedene Mechanismen, ohne Resistenzen auszulösen. Aus diesem Grund wurde eine Anwendungsbeobachtung (n = 48 mit einer Zubereitung eines standardisierten Cranberry-Extraktes (67 mg Proanthocyanidine, kombiniert mit senfölglykosidischen Extrakten aus Brunnenkresse (Nasturtium officinale und Meerrettich (Armoracia rusticana, durchgeführt.br iPatienten:/i Frauen (≥ 18 Jahre mit einem Leukozytenanstieg im Harn und klinischen Symptomen typisch für Harnwegsinfektionen wie Dysurie, Harndrang, neu auftretende Inkontinenz und Schmerzen über dem Schambein erhielten in der ersten Woche eine Tablette mit der Extraktkombination zweimal täglich und eine Tablette pro Tag für die folgenden 4 Wochen. Nach 14 Tagen (t1 und nach 35 Tagen (t2 wurde eine weitere Erhebung und Kontrolluntersuchung mit einem Urin-Test durchgeführt. Patientinnen mit anhaltenden klinischen Symptomen bekamen ein Antibiotikum verschrieben, bei den anderen wurde die Einnahme der Extrakte aus Cranberry, Brunnenkresse und Meerrettich fortgesetzt.briErgebnisse:/i 34 Patientinnen (70,8 % konnten innerhalb der ersten 14 Tage (t1 auf die Einnahme eines Antibiotikums verzichten und 32 Patientinnen (66,7 % benötigten auch nach 35 Tagen (t2 kein Antibiotikum. 28 Patientinnen (87,5 % waren zum Zeitpunkt (t2 ohne Symptome. Es wurden keine Nebenwirkungen beobachtet.briSchlussfolgerung:/i Diese Anwendungsbeobachtung ist die erste Studie mit einem entsprechenden Kombinationsextrakt (Cranberry, Brunnenkresse, Meerrettich, die darüber hinaus das Konzept des Einsatzes alternativer Therapeutika zur Behandlung von unkomplizierten unteren HWIs unterstützt.

Production-integrated emission reduction: Examples from power plant engineering; Produktionsintegrierte Emissionsminderung - Beispiele aus der Kraftwirtschaft

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Reich, J.; Brueggendick, H. [STEAG AG, Essen (Germany)

2002-07-01

verfolgt. Darueber hinaus hat eine Nichtverwertbarkeit der Reststoffe gravierende Auswirkungen fuer die Wirtschaftlichkeit. Verwertung oder Nicht-Verwertung der Reststoffe aus der Kohleverbrennung kann zu einer Differenz bei den Stromerzeugungskosten von 15% fuehren. Die Parameter Brennstoffe, Feuerungstechnik, Rauchgasreinigungstechnik, Produktverwertung sind je nach Standort individuell zu bewerten. Das Spannungsfeld liegt zwischen hochwertigen Brennstoffen und Produkten, fuer die in der Anlagentechnik auch entsprechende Investitionen erforderlich sind (z.B. Staubfeuerung mit Kalkstein- oder Ammoniakalischer Waesche) oder einfacheren Verfahren mit zum Teil geringeren Investitionskosten (z.B. Rauchgasreinigung mittels Trocken- oder Halbtrockenverfahren). Es ist nicht wirtschaftlichm in eine Anlage zu investieren und hochwertige Produkte zu erzeugen, wenn fuer deren Abnahme keine Infrastruktur existiert. Kohlekraftwerke sind unter Nutzung der technischen Moeglickeiten fuer den jeweiligen Standort zu optimieren. (orig.)

Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: the clinical neuroradiological view; Die spontane intrazerebrale Blutung aus klinisch-neuroradiologischer Sicht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Reith, W. [Technische Hochschule Aachen (Germany). Klinikum

1999-10-01

verlaesslicher mit der Magnetresonanztomographie nachweisbar. Aus der unterschiedlichen Signalgebung in den verschiedenen MR-Sequenzen kann auf das Alter der Blutung geschlossen werden. Die Ursache einer nicht-traumatischen intrazerebralen Blutung ist in ueber 60% der Faelle eine Hypertonie, weniger haeufig die Folgen des Alkoholismus, Gefaessfehlbildungen oder die Amyloidangiopathie. Seltener sind Blutgerinnungsstoerungen, Traumen, Tumoren, Venenthrombosen oder Intoxikationen die Ursachen einer intrazerebralen Blutung. Nicht-traumatische intrazerebrale Blutungen treten am haeufigsten zwischen dem 5.-7. Lebensjahrzehnt auf. Bei juengeren Patienten sind vor allem Gefaessfehlbildungen als Ursache zu beruecksichtigen. Insbesondere bei juengeren Patienten sollte zur aetiopathogentischen Klaerung eine zerebrale Angiographie durchgefuehrt werden. Spontane intrazerebrale Blutungen werden in der Regel konservativ behandelt, ausser man verspricht sich von der operativen Dekompression eine Verbesserung des klinischen Zustandes. (orig.)

Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of latent, active and recombinantly expressed aurone synthase, a polyphenol oxidase, from Coreopsis grandiflora

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Molitor, Christian; Mauracher, Stephan Gerhard; Rompel, Annette, E-mail: annette.rompel@univie.ac.at [Universität Wien, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Wien (Austria)

2015-05-22

Latent and active aurone synthase purified from petals of C. grandiflora (cgAUS1) were crystallized. The crystal quality of recombinantly expressed latent cgAUS1 was significantly improved by co-crystallization with the polyoxotungstate Na{sub 6}[TeW{sub 6}O{sub 24}] within the liquid–liquid phase-separation zone. Aurone synthase (AUS), a member of a novel group of plant polyphenol oxidases (PPOs), catalyzes the oxidative conversion of chalcones to aurones. Two active cgAUS1 (41.6 kDa) forms that differed in the level of phosphorylation or sulfation as well as the latent precursor form (58.9 kDa) were purified from the petals of Coreopsis grandiflora. The differing active cgAUS1 forms and the latent cgAUS1 as well as recombinantly expressed latent cgAUS1 were crystallized, resulting in six different crystal forms. The active forms crystallized in space groups P2{sub 1}2{sub 1}2{sub 1} and P12{sub 1}1 and diffracted to ∼1.65 Å resolution. Co-crystallization of active cgAUS1 with 1,4-resorcinol led to crystals belonging to space group P3{sub 1}21. The crystals of latent cgAUS1 belonged to space group P12{sub 1}1 and diffracted to 2.50 Å resolution. Co-crystallization of recombinantly expressed pro-AUS with the hexatungstotellurate(VI) salt Na{sub 6}[TeW{sub 6}O{sub 24}] within the liquid–liquid phase separation zone significantly improved the quality of the crystals compared with crystals obtained without hexatungstotellurate(VI)

The year 2000 problem as seen by manufacturers; Das Jahr-2000-Problem in deutschen Kernkraftwerken. Aus der Sicht der Hersteller

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Graf, A. [Siemens AG, Erlangen (Germany). Bereich KWU

1999-11-01

The Y2K problem has many facets due mainly to two reasons: The extremely wide use of microcomputers, and the complexity of automation in modern industrial plants. For the past two years, Siemens AG has been checking the Y2K conformity of its products. The result of these investigations is this: All automation equipment, almost without exception, is in conformity with the year 2000 requirements as it works without the date function causing the errors. A few occasional malfunctions were discovered in older computer-supported operating and monitoring stations and in process computer applications. However, malfunctions are not going to cause failures of the system but only make its use more difficult. (orig.) [German] Ursache des Jahr-2000-Problems ist die Unfaehigkeit gewisser aelterer Software, das Jahresdatum 2000 beim Uebergang der letzten beiden Ziffern von '99' auf '00' richtig zu verarbeiten. Potenziell betroffen sind alle Geraete und Systeme, die in irgendeiner Form Rechner oder Mikrorechner enthalten. Das Jahr-2000-Problem ist sehr vielschichtig. Dies resultiert im Wesentlichen aus zwei Gruenden: Der extrem weiten Verbreitung von Mikrorechnern und der Komplexitaet der Automatisierung moderner Industrieanlagen. Die Siemens AG ueberprueft seit zwei Jahren die 2000-Jahr-Konformitaet ihrer Produkte. Ergebnis der Untersuchungen ist: Automatisierungsgeraete sind fast ausnahmslos Jahr-2000 konform, da sie ohne die fehlerverursachenden Datumsfunktionen auskommen. Vereinzelte Fehlfunktionen wurden in aelteren rechnergestuetzten Bedien- und Beobachtungssystemen sowie in Prozessrechneranwendungen gefunden. Fehlfunktionen fuehren jedoch meist nicht zum Versagen des Systems, sondern erschweren nur dessen Nutzung. In den sicherheitsrelevanten Bereichen der Kernkraftwerke werden ausschliesslich die vom Jahr-2000-Problem nicht betroffenen Automatisierungsgeraete eingesetzt. (orig.)

Contribution to a probabilistic safety analysis for the dismantling of slender reinforced-concrete structures; Ein Beitrag zur probabilistischen Sicherheitsanalyse von Abbruchvorgaengen turmartiger Bauwerke aus Stahlbeton

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lehnen, D J

1998-12-31

In the present work a concept of probabilistic safety-analysis for the dismantling of slender concrete-structures by tilting is developed. Based on requirements, that define a regular dismantling process, models describing characteristic limit-states of the building are derived. The connection of these limit-states allows rating the whole process. Uncertainties in the model-input are caught by using stochastic variables. Uncertainties in the model itself are caught by using inferior and superior modelling. With the help of two concluding examples it is shown, how the obtained probability of failure can be used to enhance objectiveness of safety-considerations. The numeric simulation is based on a Monte-Carlo method. (orig.) [Deutsch] In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein Konzept zur probabilistischen Sicherheitsanalyse des Fallrichtungsabbruchs turmartiger Bauwerke aus Stahlbeton entwickelt. Ausgehend von einem definierten Anforderungsprofil an den ordnungsgemaessen Ablauf eines Fallrichtungsabbruchs werden Modellvorstellungen herausgearbeitet, die einzelne Bauwerksgrenzzustaende abbilden, welche sich zur Beurteilung des Gesamtvorgangs eignen. Unsicherheiten in den Eingangsgroessen werden durch deren Auffassung als Wahrschlichkeitsdichten erfasst. Unsicherheiten in den Modellbildungen werden durch den jeweiligen Einsatz unterschaetzender und ueberschaetzender Betrachtungen, sogenannter Minoranten und Majoranten, beruecksichtigt. Anhand zweier Beispiele wird abschliessend demonstriert, wie die erhaltene operative Versagenswahrscheinlichkeit zur Objektivierung von Sicherheitsbetrachtungen herangezogen werden kann. Dabei beruht die numerische Umsetzung auf einer Monte-Carlo Simulation. (orig.)

Contribution to a probabilistic safety analysis for the dismantling of slender reinforced-concrete structures; Ein Beitrag zur probabilistischen Sicherheitsanalyse von Abbruchvorgaengen turmartiger Bauwerke aus Stahlbeton

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lehnen, D.J.

1997-12-31

In the present work a concept of probabilistic safety-analysis for the dismantling of slender concrete-structures by tilting is developed. Based on requirements, that define a regular dismantling process, models describing characteristic limit-states of the building are derived. The connection of these limit-states allows rating the whole process. Uncertainties in the model-input are caught by using stochastic variables. Uncertainties in the model itself are caught by using inferior and superior modelling. With the help of two concluding examples it is shown, how the obtained probability of failure can be used to enhance objectiveness of safety-considerations. The numeric simulation is based on a Monte-Carlo method. (orig.) [Deutsch] In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein Konzept zur probabilistischen Sicherheitsanalyse des Fallrichtungsabbruchs turmartiger Bauwerke aus Stahlbeton entwickelt. Ausgehend von einem definierten Anforderungsprofil an den ordnungsgemaessen Ablauf eines Fallrichtungsabbruchs werden Modellvorstellungen herausgearbeitet, die einzelne Bauwerksgrenzzustaende abbilden, welche sich zur Beurteilung des Gesamtvorgangs eignen. Unsicherheiten in den Eingangsgroessen werden durch deren Auffassung als Wahrschlichkeitsdichten erfasst. Unsicherheiten in den Modellbildungen werden durch den jeweiligen Einsatz unterschaetzender und ueberschaetzender Betrachtungen, sogenannter Minoranten und Majoranten, beruecksichtigt. Anhand zweier Beispiele wird abschliessend demonstriert, wie die erhaltene operative Versagenswahrscheinlichkeit zur Objektivierung von Sicherheitsbetrachtungen herangezogen werden kann. Dabei beruht die numerische Umsetzung auf einer Monte-Carlo Simulation. (orig.)

Investigations on radionuclide release and on the corrosion behaviour of spent fuels from research reactors under disposal conditions. Final report; Untersuchungen zur Radionuklidfreisetzung und zum Korrosionsverhalten von bestrahltem Kernbrennstoff aus Forschungsreaktoren unter Endlagerbeedingungen. Abschlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bruecher, H.; Curtius, H.; Fachinger, J.; Kaiser, G.; Mazeina, L.; Nau, K.

2003-12-01

From the present report 'Untersuchungen zur Radionuklidfreisetzung und zum Korrosionsverhalten von bestrahltem Kernbrennstoff aus Forschungsreaktoren unter Endlagerbedingungen' with the code number FKZ 9108 carried out in the time periode 01.06.1998 till 30.11.2001 the following results can be withdrawn: U/Al-RR-fuel elements corroded slowly in granite water (Grimsel-West) at 90 C under anaerobic conditions. For a complete dissolution of the fuel element a time period of 10{sup 3} years is assumed according to present conservative results. In salt brines, especially in magnesium chloride rich brines the corrosion rate is high. Addition of GGG40 (basic material of the fuel element container with iron as main element) had an acceleration effect. A complete dissolution of the fuel is achieved within a couple of months. Under aerobic and under anaerobic conditions the bulk of released radionuclides were fixed by the corrosion products formed (secondary phases). The actinides were mobilised by variation of the ionic strength of the leaching solution. This process can be explained by phase conversion reactions within the secondary phases. Secondary phases formed by corrosion of a non-irradiated U/Al-RR-fuel element, were analysed and hydrotalcites were identified as phase components. This result justifies the assumption, that hydrotalcites are components of the corrosion products from irradiated fuels. To clarify the questions which bindings exist between radionuclides and secondary phases, sorption experiments were performed. The sorption experiments were performed in salt brines and in granite water using repository relevant radionuclides and minerals which are considered to represent thermodynamic final components of the secondary phases. Pu sorbed as cationic species quantitatively and the binding is covalent. In granite water the same behaviour was found for Am. (orig.) [German] Aus dem vorliegenden Bericht 'Untersuchungen zur Radionuklidfreisetzung

Artificial urinary sphincter for urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy: a historical cohort from 2004 to 2015

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Augusto Cesar Soares dos Santos Junior

Full Text Available ABSTRACT This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate a cohort of patients with prostate cancer and persistent urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy. From January 2004 to December 2015, eighty-six individuals were identified to have received an AUS implant, provided by a private nonprofit HMO operating in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. On total, there were 91 AUS implants, with a median interval between radical prostatectomy and AUS implant of 3.6 years (IQR 1.9 to 5.5. The rate of AUS cumulative survival, after a median follow-up of 4.1 years (IQR 1.7-7.2 years, was 44% (n=40. The median survival of AUS implants was 2.9 years (IQR 0.5-7.9 years. Thirty-seven AUS implants (40.7% resulted in grade III surgical complications. There were 5 deaths at 2.1, 4.7, 5.7, 5.7 and 6.5 years of follow-up, but none due to causes directly associated to the AUS implant. Persistent severe incontinence was documented in 14 (15.3% additional patients. From the 51 AUS implants which resulted in grade III surgical complications or persistent severe incontinence, 24 (47.1% underwent surgical revisions. Explantation of the sphincter or its components was observed in 6 cases (25.0%. Mechanical failure, described as fluid loss and/or inability to recycle the AUS device, was observed in 4 devices (16.7%. In conclusion, although AUS implants are recommended as the gold-standard treatment of severe urinary incontinence after prostatectomy, the observed high rates of malfunction and grade III adverse events are a matter of concern warranting further assessment on the safety and efficacy of these devices.

Management of the axilla in metaplastic breast carcinoma.

Science.gov (United States)

Murphy, Brittany L; Fazzio, Robert T; Hoskin, Tanya L; Glazebrook, Katrina N; Keeney, Michael G; Habermann, Elizabeth B; Hieken, Tina J

2018-04-01

Metaplastic breast cancer (MBC), characterized by admixed epithelial, squamous or mesenchymal elements, constitutes Statistical analyses evaluated axillary ultrasound (AUS), fine needle aspiration (FNA), and sentinel LN biopsy (SLNB) in association with LN status. Median tumor size was 2.7 cm and 76% were triple-negative. Twenty-three patients (56%) had preoperative AUS: 9 (39%) showed ≥1 suspicious LN, 6 proceeded to LN FNA and 3 were confirmed positive. Six patients had neoadjuvant chemotherapy, including 2 FNA LN+. Ten patients were LN+ at operation. Among 19 patients undergoing AUS and axillary surgery, AUS ± FNA sensitivity was 100% and specificity was 94%. LN positivity correlated with increasing tumor size, grade and angiolymphatic invasion. 16 patients recurred, 63% with distant disease (10/16) and one with isolated axillary disease after a negative SLNB not preceded by AUS. Overall SLNB accuracy was 96% (23/24), but absent preoperative AUS, 1/7 (14%) of SLNBs were falsely negative. Our study is the first to specifically address the performance and utility of AUS/FNA and SLNB for MBC patients. AUS/FNA at diagnosis followed by SLN surgery provided accurate nodal staging and critical prognostic information to inform treatment recommendations. We recommend this approach for axillary management of MBC patients.

Development of biotest assays using cell cultures from fish for the demonstration of lethal and sublethal damage to organisms due to environmental pollutants in water. Cellular biomarkers in fish cell cultures; Entwicklung von Biotestverfahren mit Zellkulturen aus Fischen zum Nachweis letaler und subletaler Schaeden von Organismen durch Umweltschadstoffe im Wasser. Zellulaere Biomarker in Fischzellkulturen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Braunbeck, T [Heidelberg Univ. (Germany). Zoologisches Inst. 1

1994-06-01

By means of isolated hepatocytes from rainbow trout (Oncorhyuchus myskiss), the reference substances 4-chloro-aniline, 2,4-dichlorophenol, dinitro-o-cresol and 4-nitrophenol, the pesticides atrazine and disulfotone, the ichthyotherapeutic malachite green, and landfill leachates were studied for their toxic effect. As new endpoints, ultrastructural and enzyme-biochemical parameters were established, which are suitable as a sensitive test system for acute, subacute, and sublethal pollutant effects. In comparison with conventional toxicity tests, ultrastructural and biochemical studies represent the currently most sensitive methods for demonstrating the (eco-) toxicological potential of pollutants. In all experiments, clear time-effect and dose-effect relationships could be made out. Isolated hepatocytes from the liver of rainbow trout reacted more sensitively than the permanent cell lines R1 and RTG-2 investigated in parallel. In cytotoxicity tests with the fibrocytic fish cell lines R1 and RTG-2 from the liver or gonad of rainbow trout, cytotoxicity data for various organic pollutants and organic and inorganic heavy metal compounds were acquired. The results form the basis of a concept for assessing the ecotoxicological potential of environmental pollutants by means of multi-stage cell tests, which is described in the paper. (orig./VHE) [Deutsch] Mit isolierten Hepatocyten aus Regenbogenforellen (oncorhyuchus myskiss) wurden die Referenzsubstanzen 4-Chloranilin, 2,4-Dichlorphenol, Dinitro-o-kresol und 4-Nitrophenol, die Pestizide Atrazin und Disulfoton, das Fischtherapeutikum Malachitgruen sowie Deponiesickerwaesser auf toxische Wirkungen untersucht. Als neuer Endpunkt wurden ultrastrukturelle und enzymbiochemische Parameter ermittelt, die sich als empfindliches Nachweissystem fuer akute, subakute und subletale Schadstoffwirkungen eignen. Im Vergleich mit konventionellen Toxizitaetstests stellen ultrastrukturelle und biochemischen Studien die derzeit empfindlichsten

Arbeitszeiten von Professorinnen und Professoren in Deutschland 2016

OpenAIRE

Weihs, Claus; Hernández Rodríguez, Tanja; Doeckel, Maximilian; Marty, Christoph; Wormer, Holger

2018-01-01

In dieser Studie werden belastbare Prognoseintervalle der wöchentlichen Gesamtarbeitszeit von Universitätsprofessorinnen und -professoren aus Daten einer Umfrage aus dem Jahre 2016 und a-priori Informationen aus früheren Studien bestimmt. Neben der Gesamtarbeitszeit werden auch Teilarbeitszeiten zum Beispiel für Lehre und Forschung ermittelt. Die Ergebnisse von frequentistischer und Bayesianischer Analyse werden verglichen. Aus den gültigen Fragebögen von aktiven Vollzeit arbeitenden Universi...

Antihypertensive Activity of Residue From “Gebto Arekei”. Locally ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Antihypertensive Activity of Residue From “Gebto Arekei”. Locally Distilled Medicinal Spirit From a Brew Containing Lupinus albus Seeds in Renovascular Hypertensive Guines-Pigs. Cherinet Ambaye, Tesfaye Tolessa, Abebe Abera, Hassen Taha Sherief, Dawit Abebe, Kelbessa Urga ...

Maize-common bean/lupine intercrop productivity and profitability in ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Phaseolus vulgaris L.), narrow-leaf lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.), and white lupine (Lupinus albus L.) with maize (Zea mays L.) were conducted under two intercrop planting arrangements (IPA), single row of legume in between maize rows and ...

Verfügbarkeit elektronischer Lehr- und Lernmodule für die Aus- und Weiterbildung in der Humanmedizin [Availability of learning objects for graduate and continuing medical education

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Stausberg, Jürgen

2008-11-01

Full Text Available [english] A great number of learning objects is available for graduate and continuing medical education. Nevertheless, it is not known how well the range of available learning objects covers the needs of the various medical fields. To get an idea of this, the content of two catalogs of learning objects (LRSMed and KELDAmed was compared with the study regulations of the medical faculty of the University of Duisburg-Essen on the one hand and with the 2006 directory of certified medical specialists on the other hand. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used as concordance measure in addition to a qualitative assessment. Correlation coefficients of 0.495 (LRSMed and 0.510 (KELDAmed show a relevant concordance with study regulations, while correlation coefficients of 0.300 and –0.182 reveal a worse concordance with continuing medical education. Therefore, the offers for graduate medical education correspond well with the medical fields, based on number of hours per semester per course. The absolute number of 1,822 learning objects from LRSMed and 1,769 from KELDAmed is excellent as well. The gap for continuing medical education can now be closed by means of funding from professional organizations and medical faculties and through healthcare policies. The quality of the learning objects offered by LRSMed and KELDAmed remains unknown, as there is yet no reliable and valid approach for assessing their quality. [german] Elektronische Lehr- und Lernmodule stehen inzwischen in großer Zahl für Aus- und Weiterbildung in der Humanmedizin zur Verfügung. Ob das Angebot die Fachgebiete in der erforderlichen Breite abdeckt ist unbekannt. Für eine erste Einschätzung wurden die Ressourcen von zwei umfassenden Katalogen, dem Learning Resource Server Medizin (LRSMed und der Kommentierten E-Learning Datenbank Medizin (KELDAmed, der Studienordnung der Medizinischen Fakultät der Universität Duisburg-Essen sowie der Ärztestatistik 2006 zu

Analysis of Naturally Occurring Phenolic Compounds in Aromatic Plants by RP-HPLC Coupled to Diode Array Detector (DAD and GC-MS after Silylation

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Charalampos Proestos

2013-03-01

Full Text Available The following aromatic plants of Greek origin, Origanum dictamnus (dictamus, Eucalyptus globulus (eucalyptus, Origanum vulgare L. (oregano, Mellisa officinalis L. (balm mint and Sideritis cretica (mountain tea, were examined for the content of phenolic substances. Reversed phase HPLC coupled to diode array detector (DAD was used for the analysis of the plant extracts. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method (GC-MS was also used for identification of phenolic compounds after silylation. The most abundant phenolic acids were: gallic acid (1.5–2.6 mg/100 g dry sample, ferulic acid (0.34–6.9 mg/100 g dry sample and caffeic acid (1.0–13.8 mg/100 g dry sample. (+-Catechin and (−-epicatechin were the main flavonoids identified in oregano and mountain tea. Quercetin was detected only in eucalyptus and mountain tea.

Extrakorporale Stoßwellentherapie (ESWT aus orthopädischer und traumatologischer Sicht

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Auersperg V

2004-01-01

Full Text Available Die ESWT ist eine derzeit sehr intensiv erforschte Therapieform und im Vergleich mit anderen Therapien auch durchaus hohen EBM-Kriterien entsprechend. Die Wirkungsweise der ESWT ist bis heute nicht ganz geklärt, aus den bisher durchgeführten Untersuchungen (meist Tierversuche lassen sich folgende Wirkungen unterscheiden: ● Zerreißungen (Steindesintegration, Knochenfissuren, Gewebszerreißung ● Kavitation (mit Bildung von Jet streams und freien Radikalen ● Thermische und chemische Effekte ● Molekularbiologische und zelluläre Veränderungen ● Hyperstimulationsanalgesie (gate-control-Mechanismus Diese Wirkungen rufen sehr komplexe Veränderungen im Gewebe hervor, die beispielsweise zur Knochenneubildung führen, aber auch Neoangiogenese und Nervenveränderungen, die beim Verständnis der Effekte der ESWT an den Weichteil-Indikationen durchaus auch Erklärungshilfen sind. Die meisten, bisher veröffentlichten, klinischen Studien haben biometrische Mängel und ihre Ergebnisse sind sehr kontrovers. Die angeführten Indikationen sind die am meisten erforschten und sollen hier bewertet werden. Da für weitere Indikationen die Studien-Daten so spärlich sind, werden sie hier nicht diskutiert. Die Indikationen mit statistisch signifikant guten Behandlungsergebnissen sind: ● Die Tendinitis calcarea (mit niedrigenergetischer und hochenergetischer ESWT ● Die Fasciitis plantaris mit und ohne plantarem Fersensporn (mit niedrigenergetischer und hochenergetischer ESWT ● Die Epicondylitis humeri lateralis (mit niedrigenergetischer und hochenergetischer ESWT ● Verzögerte Knochenbruchheilung (mit hochenergetischer ESWT ● Pseudoarthrosen (mit hochenergetischer ESWT Für die Durchführung, die Anzahl der Impulse und die Intervallänge zwischen den ESWT-Sitzungen läßt sich keine Regel ableiten, dies wird sich vernünftigerweise hauptsächlich an den lokalen Gegebenheiten orientieren. Die bisher (als Richtlinie der ISMST von 2000 → http

Was uns nicht umbringt, macht uns härter? Resilienzförderung bei armen Kindern aus Sicht des Capability-Ansatzes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gutwald Rebecca

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Resilienz wird in der Psychologie und Sozialpädagogik häufig als positiv angesehen. In der Armutsbekämpfung ist diese Sichtweise durchaus nachvollziehbar, insbesondere in der Prävention von Kinderarmut: wenn Resilienz das ist, was ein Kind in die Lage versetzt, die Risiken und negativen Folgen von Armut besser zu bewältigen, scheint es sinnvoll, diese Fähigkeit bei Kindern zu fördern. Mein Beitrag befürwortet diesen Befund, plädiert aber dafür, dass die Resilienzdebatte der Untermauerung durch Argumente aus der praktischen Philosophie bedarf, da das, was häufig als Resilienz bezeichnet wird, nicht immer positiv zu bewerten ist. Ziel meines Beitrags ist es, den Resilienzdiskurs im Rahmen der Kinderarmutsbekämpfung in einer normativen Theorie zu verankern: im Capability Ansatz von Amartya Sen. Resilienz wird damit, so meine These, zu einem fundamental normativen Begriff. Mein Beitrag gliedert sich in drei Teile: Zuerst wird auf die Grundideen des CA und die Stellung von Kindheit darin eingegangen. Im zweiten Teil wird der Resilienzbegriff im Kontext von Kinderarmutsprävention charakterisiert. Der dritte Teil widmet sich den Verbindungslinien zwischen der Resilienzdiskussion und dem CA. Leitgedanke ist dabei, dass der CA die menschliche Handlungsfähigkeit als normativ grundlegend auszeichnet. Auf dieser Basis lässt sich überzeugend beurteilen, warum Armut bei Kindern höchst problematisch ist und welches Ziel in der Resilienzförderung verfolgt werden soll. Wie ich argumentieren werde, ist die Bereitstellung von capabilities auch die gerechtigkeitstheoretische Basis von Resilienzförderung in der Praxis. Der Beitrag schließt mit Impulsen, welche, so meine Hoffnung, für eine weitere Diskussion der Normativität von Resilienz dienlich sein können.

Risk energy transition. Ways out of the impasse; Risiko Energiewende. Wege aus der Sackgasse

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kleinknecht, Konrad [Muenchen Univ., Garching (Germany). Fakultaet fuer Physik

2015-07-01

The exit of the use of nuclear energy in Germany, it was decided in the summer of 2011 in a rush. Now it is becoming obvious that there is no realistic plan for the conversion of energy supply in the envisaged deadline of ten years. For the conversion of our entire power supply and therefore our economy the period is too short. It lacks a robust empirical reason that have to deal with the issues of security of supply, the affordability, the impact on economic development and social justice. Thus, this treansition threatens to fail at their contradictions. Konrad Kleinknecht tries in his book, to name the problems and to find answers. For him, arise the following questions: What are our opportunity to replace with wind and solar power to replace a part of the power supply? What power sources provide secured capacity? Can we dispense with coal-fired plants? Do we need new power lines? How power may be stored? How real is the risk of blackouts in windless nights? Will the power prices continue to rise? Can be avoided the major risks of the energy transition with a fundamental reform of the Renewable Energies Act (EEG)? The power supply must serve the common good and benefit the industrial site Germany. A blackout would be a disaster for the whole country, it must be avoided at all events. How can we manage this, the author present in his evocative book. [German] Der Ausstieg aus der Nutzung der Kernenergie in Deutschland wurde im Sommer 2011 im Eiltempo beschlossen. Jetzt zeigt sich, dass es keinen realistischen Plan fuer den Umbau der Energieversorgung in der vorgesehenen Frist von zehn Jahren gibt. Fuer die Umstellung unserer gesamten Stromversorgung und damit unserer Wirtschaft ist der Zeitraum zu kurz. Es fehlt eine belastbare empirische Begruendung, die Fragen der Versorgungssicherheit, der Finanzierbarkeit, der Auswirkungen auf die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung und die soziale Gerechtigkeit behandeln muesste. Somit droht diese Wende an ihren Widerspruechen zu

Lithospheric scale conductivity anomalies at the Proterozoic-Phanerozoic transition of Australia- Insights from AusLAMP MT data

Science.gov (United States)

Robertson, K. E.; Thiel, S.; Heinson, G. S.

2017-12-01

The intraplate deformation of the north-south trending Neoproterozoic Ikara-Flinders Ranges in South Australia, Australia, draws interest due to its high heat flow, elevated seismicity and the presence of diamondiferous kimberlites and mineral deposits. To the west lies the highly prospective Archean-Paleoproterozoic Gawler Craton, boasting the world's largest IOCG-U deposit, Olympic Dam. The Paleo-Mesoproterozoic Curnamona Province lies to the east, thought to have once been connected to the Gawler Craton and host to the world-class Broken Hill Ag-Pb-Zn deposit. A total of 162 long-period (10 s - 10,000 s) magnetotelluric (MT) stations from the Australia-wide AusLAMP (Australian Lithospheric Architecture Magnetotelluric Project) dataset were used to image the electrical resistivity beneath the Ikara-Flinders Ranges and adjacent Curnamona Province. The most recent acquisition extends this survey region northward to an area predominantly covered with Paleo-Mesozoic sedimentary basins including the most significant on-shore oil and gas region in Australia, the Cooper Basin. The resultant model from 3D inversions using ModEM software shows a relatively resistive Ikara-Flinders Ranges, with two parallel arcuate conductors (the WNAC and ENAC) at 20 to 80 km depth in the Nackara Arc. These conductors correlate well with locations of diamondiferous kimberlites which suggests that the conductors may have derived from the ascent of carbon-rich kimberlite-hosting magma and volatiles up large lithospheric scale structures. The conductors appear to have no correlation with regions of intraplate seismicity within the Ikara-Flinders Ranges which may mean that enhanced pore fluid pressure is not the main cause for the seismicity as was recently proposed. A large conductor covering most of the Curnamona Province (the CC) extends over depths of 10-40 km. The Curnamona Province's most recent tectonothermal activity is from Delamerian reworking during the Cambrian at its margins but

Autonomy Level Specification for Intelligent Autonomous Vehicles

Science.gov (United States)

2003-09-01

Autonomy Level Specification for Intelligent Autonomous Vehicles : Interim Progress Report Hui-Min Huang, Elena Messina, James Albus...Level Specification for Intelligent Autonomous Vehicles : Interim Progress Report 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6

Environmental Assessment: Proposed U.S. Air Force Military Family Housing Privatization Initiative Patrick Air Force Base, Florida

Science.gov (United States)

2008-11-03

mockingbird , other songbirds, and white ibis (Eudocimus albus). Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) were observed resting on old dock pilings in the...surfacing, nursing, breeding, feeding or sheltering), hunting, capturing, or killing of polar bears, sea otters, marine otters, whales, porpoises, walruses

Ein Versuch, Naturverhältnisse aus feministischer Sicht zu interpretieren Another attempt to explain the natural environment from a feminist perspective

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Helga Purgand

2002-07-01

Full Text Available Mit dem vorliegenden Sammelband Geschlechterverhältnisse – Naturverhältnisse wird nach dem innovativen Beitrag der feministischen Debatte für umweltsoziologisches Denken gefragt und nach Überschneidungen, Grenzen und Zwischenräumen zwischen „Geschlecht“ und „Natur“ gesucht. In ihm wird der lobenswerte Versuch unternommen, einen Zusammenhang zwischen Geschlechter- und Naturverhältnissen herzustellen „die in der Umweltsoziologie bislang stark vernachlässigte feministische Diskussion und Geschlechterforschung einzubeziehen und als genderbezogene Perspektive zu etablieren“. (S. 9 Das Buch enthält Beiträge von 15 Autorinnen, die unterschiedliche Natur- und Geschlechtsverhältnisse facettenreich, überwiegend kreativ und theoretisch anspruchsvoll betrachten. Das Buch enthält Zugänge aus der allgemeinen Soziologie, den Sprach- und Kulturwissenschaften, aus politik- und naturwissenschaftlichen Zusammenhängen. Den ausdrücklich formulierten Anspruch, von multi- zu einer inter-disziplinären Durchdringung zu gelangen, erfüllt es nur in Ansätzen (besonders mit der Einleitung und den theoretischen Problemexplikationen. Das zustande gekommene „Nach-, Zusammen- und Querdenken“ über Begriffe, Theorien und neuere Forschungsansätze (von Foucault über Butler bis zu Donna Haraway belegt die Notwendigkeit, die naturwissenschaftlichen Annahmen „immanent zu dekonstruieren“. Sehr aufschlussreich sind in diesem Zusammenhang die Beiträge von Irmgard Schultz, Elvira Scheich, aber auch von Mary Mellor und besonders von Paula-Irene Villa, die interessante und kreative Gedanken zur Klärung des Verhältnisses von Natur, Kultur und Geschlecht anbieten. Deutlich wurde, dass weiterhin ein kontroverses Ringen um angemessene konzeptionelle Fassungen von Geschlechts- und Naturverhältnissen und die Integration von Gender als zentraler analytischer Querschnitts-Kategorie nötig sind. Insgesamt ist dem Buch ist eine schnelle Verbreitung und

What is the fate of artificial urinary sphincters among men undergoing repetitive bladder cancer treatment?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

S. Mitchell Heiner

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Purpose: Functional characteristics and durability of the artificial urinary sphincter (AUS among patients who develop bladder cancer has been poorly characterized. We sought to evaluate AUS outcomes among patients subsequently diagnosed with bladder cancer, in order to describe device survivability when subject to diagnostic and therapeutic procedures such as cystoscopy, transurethral resection, and cystectomy. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 1,803 male patients treated with AUS surgery at a single institution between 1983–2014. We describe AUS device outcomes among patients undergoing surveillance and treatment for bladder cancer. Results: Following AUS placement, 14 (0.8% patients were subsequently diagnosed with and treated for bladder cancer and 4 patients with bladder cancer undergoing treatment and screening, subsequently received AUS placement. The median follow-up from device placement was 7.2 years (interquartile range [IQR], 2.8–11.5, and the median time from AUS placement to bladder cancer diagnosis was 6 (IQR, 0–9. There were a total of 8 primary and 1 secondary devices failures. Despite a median of 2 diagnostic cystoscopies (IQR, 1–6 and 0 bladder tumor resections (IQR, 0–0 per patient following device implantation, only 1 (5.6% patient experienced an iatrogenic erosion related to urethral manipulation. Among those undergoing cystectomy (n=4, 1 device was left in situ without complication. Conclusions: Bladder cancer surveillance and treatment with an AUS device in place appears to confer minimal additional risk to AUS survival. Careful attention should be given to device deactivation and use of the smallest caliber instruments available to minimize the risk of iatrogenic urethral erosion.

Comparison of complication rates related to male urethral slings and artificial urinary sphincters for urinary incontinence: national multi-institutional analysis of ACS-NSQIP database.

Science.gov (United States)

Alwaal, Amjad; Harris, Catherine R; Awad, Mohannad A; Allen, Isabel E; Breyer, Benjamin N

2016-10-01

Male stress urinary incontinence (SUI) can significantly diminish quality of life and lead to embarrassment and social withdrawal. Surgical therapies, such as male urethral slings and artificial urinary sphincters (AUS), are considered effective and safe treatments for male SUI. Our objective is to evaluate 30-day complications in patients undergoing male slings and AUS placement from a national multicenter database. Data from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality of Improvement Program for 2008-2013 were used to identify patients who underwent male slings and AUS implantation. Trained coders abstracted complication data from the patient record independent of the surgical team. We compared 30-day postoperative complications for male slings and AUS. We examined the relationship between patient factors and complication rates for each procedure type. Overall, 1205 incontinence surgeries in men were identified: 597 male sling placements and 608 AUS implantations. Male sling placement had a lower 30-day postoperative complication rate compared to AUS (2.8 vs. 5.1 %, p = 0.046). Compared to AUS, male sling was associated with fewer urinary tract infections (0.3 vs. 2.0 %, p = 0.020) and return trips to the operating room (1.0 vs. 3.0 %, p < 0.001). Patients with higher BMI were more likely to have a complication, while age, race and Charlson comorbidity index were not associated with higher or lower complication rates. Complications rates for both male sling and AUS are low. Male sling is associated with a lower rate of complications than AUS. These findings allow for better patient perioperative counseling regarding 30-day perioperative complications.

Plasma membrane H+-ATPase-dependent citrate exudation from cluster roots of phosphate-deficient white lupin

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Tomasi, Nicola; Kretzschmar, Tobias; Espen, Luca

2009-01-01

ABSTRACT White lupin (Lupinus albus L.) is able to grow on soils with sparingly available phosphate (P) by producing specialized structures called cluster roots.To mobilize sparingly soluble P forms in soils, cluster roots release substantial amounts of carboxylates and concomitantly acidify the ...

Assessment of microbial profile of selected proprietary broiler ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Bacterial and fungal isolates recovered include Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus albus, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus spp, Pseudomonas spp, Aspergillus fumigatus, A. flavus, A. niger, Fusarium spp, Mucor spp, and Penicillium notatum. Total microbial counts were significantly different (P<0.05) among the selected feed ...

Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences - Vol 12, No 1 (2002)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Locally Distilled Medicinal Spirit From a Brew Containing Lupinus albus Seeds in Renovascular Hypertensive Guines-Pigs · EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT. Cherinet Ambaye, Tesfaye Tolessa, Abebe Abera, Hassen Taha Sherief, Dawit Abebe, ...

Evaluating the Competitive Ability of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. Cultivars against Tumble Pigweed (Amaranthus albus L. in Birjand Region

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

mohammad javad babaie zarch

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Introduction Using crop species and cultivars with high competitive ability against weeds is one of the effective strategies for sustainable weed management. Emergence rate, rapid root growth, seed vigor, development rate of leaves, rapid root and shoot biomass accumulation, rapid canopy closure and plant height are important traits in relation to the competitiveness between different cultivars of crops. Competitive ability is measured using two indices including the weed growth prevention ability or weed biomass reduction index and crop tolerance to weed or yield reduction preventing index. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the competitive ability of six oilseed sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. cultivars and also introducing the most important morpho-physiological attributes affecting their competitive ability with tumble pigweed (Amaranthus albus L. in Birjand. Materials and methods This experiment was carried out as factorial layout based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Station, University of Birjand in 2012. Treatments were included six sunflower oilseed cultivars (Azargol, Jame esfehan, Farrokh, Syrna, Progress, Euroflor and tumble pigweed densities in four levels (zero (control, 5, 10 and 15 plants per square meter. The number of days and cumulative degree days were recorded from sowing to emergence. Plant height, leaf area and dry matter were recorded at four stages from emergence to 75 days after it. Sunflower seeds were harvested after physiological maturity. Preventing indices were used to evaluate the competitive ability of cultivars, competitive tolerance (Watson et al., 2002 and weed biomass. Data were analyzed with the SAS software and cluster analysis was performed using SPSS software. FLSD test was employed for comparison of the means at the 5% significance level. The graphs were prepared by Excel. Results and Discussion Analysis of variance showed that there was a

Pea seeds (Pisum sativum, faba beans (Vicia fabavar. minor and lupin seeds (Lupinus albus var. multitalia as protein sources in broiler diets: effect of extrusion on growth performance

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gianfranco Piva

2010-01-01

Full Text Available The effect of extrusion of pea seeds (Pisum sativum (PS, faba bean (Vicia faba, variety minor (FB and lupin seeds (Lupinus albus, variety multitalia (LS on broiler performance were evaluated. Four hundred sixty two 1d-old Ross male chicks, Marek vaccinated, were randomly assigned to seven dietary treatments (3 pens per treatment/22 birds per pen. Chicks were floor housed, ad libitum fed isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets and had free access to water. Artificial light was provided 10 h/d. The bulk of the base diet (control diet was corn (48.8%, 53.7% and 57%, solvent-extracted soy- bean meal (42.8%, 37.3% and 33.4%, corn oil (4.4%, 5.2% and 6.3%, plus synthetic amino acids, minerals, trace minerals and vitamins, respectively for the 1-10d-old, 11-28d-old and 29 to 42d-old growing periods. The amounts of PS, FB and LS used on an as fed basis were: PS and extruded PS (EPS: 353 (1-10d-old, 356 (11-28d-old and 350 (29- 42d-old g/kg; FB and extruded FB (EFB: 479 (1-10d-old, 497 (11-28d-old and 500 (29-42d old g/kg; LS and extrud- ed LS (ELS: 360 (1-10d-old and 300 (11-42d-old g/kg. High levels of pea (350 g/kg and faba bean (500 g/kg did not show negative effects on body weight gain (BWG and bird feed intake compared to control. Lupin at the 300 g/kg level reduced (P< 0.05 the BWG during the finishing period (22 to 42 d, however the effect disappeared over the whole experimental period (1-42 d compared to the control group. The ELS group had a lower (P< 0.01 feed intake com- pared to the control group and to the LS group. The feed conversion rate (FCR was similar among groups for the whole experimental period; however during the grower period the FCR was higher (P< 0.05 for the PS, FB and EFB groups com- pared to the control group. Birds consuming the PS diet had a reduced (P< 0.05 eviscerated carcass yield compared to the control group. The breast meat percent yield was higher (P< 0.01 for birds consuming the FB and EFB diets compared to the control

Associations of overall sitting time and TV viewing time with fibrinogen and C reactive protein: the AusDiab study.

Science.gov (United States)

Howard, Bethany J; Balkau, Beverley; Thorp, Alicia A; Magliano, Dianna J; Shaw, Jonathan E; Owen, Neville; Dunstan, David W

2015-02-01

Sedentary behaviour is associated with increased risk for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Plasma fibrinogen and C reactive protein (CRP)-key inflammatory and/or haemostatic markers-may contribute to this association; however, few studies have examined their relationships with sedentary behaviours. We examined associations of overall sitting and TV viewing time with fibrinogen and high-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP). Plasma fibrinogen and hsCRP were measured in 3086 Australian adults (mean age: 55±12 years) who participated in the 2004-2005 AusDiab (Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle) study. Multiple linear regression analyses examined cross-sectional associations of self-reported overall sitting and TV viewing time (h/day) with plasma fibrinogen and hsCRP, adjusting for sociodemographic, behavioural and medical treatments and conditions as potential covariates. Overall sitting time and TV viewing time were positively associated with plasma fibrinogen (sitting: β: 0.02 g/L, 95% CI (0.01 to 0.02); TV time: 0.03 g/L (0.02 to 0.05)) and hsCRP (sitting: 2.4% (1.2% to 3.6%); TV time: 4.5% (1.7% to 7.4%)). Associations were independent of leisure-time physical activity, but after adjusting for waist circumference, they remained for fibrinogen, but for hsCRP were attenuated to the null. Interactions were observed for gender×TV (p=0.011) with fibrinogen (associations in women only) and for waist circumference×TV (p=0.084) with hsCRP (associations in low-risk only). Overall sitting time was positively associated with plasma fibrinogen and hsCRP in men and women; associations of TV viewing time with fibrinogen were observed in women only. Abdominal adiposity-mediated associations for hsCRP but not for fibrinogen. Prospective and intervention studies are needed to establish likely causality and elucidate potential mechanisms. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

Sick building syndrome - results of the 'Proklima' research project; Befindlichkeitsstoerungen in Buerogebaeuden - Ergebnisse aus dem Proklima Forschungsprojekt

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kruppa, B. [Bundesindustrieverband Heizungs-, Klima-, Sanitaertechnik und Technische Gebaeudesysteme e.V., Bonn (Germany); Bischof, W.; Brasche, S. [Arbeitsgruppe Raumklimatologie der FSU Jena (ARK), Erfurt (Germany); Bullinger-Naber, M. [Hamburg Univ. (Germany). Abt. fuer Medizinische Psychologie; Mayer, E. [Fraunhofer-Institut fuer Bauphysik, Holzkirchen (Germany); Gebhardt, H. [Wuppertal Univ. (Gesamthochschule) (Germany). Inst. fuer Arbeitsmedizin, Sicherheitstechnik und Ergonomie

2000-07-01

Einfluesse auf das Sick Building Syndrome gehen jedoch vom psychosozialen Umfeld und den Taetigkeitsmerkmalen der Personen aus. Gegenueber Faktoren wie Geschlecht, Arbeitszufriedenheit, Arbeitsanforderungen und Bildungsniveau tritt der Einfluss raumlufttechnischer Anlagen auf die Befindlichkeit der Personen in den Hintergrund. (orig.)

Ultrasonic testing of pre-turned contours for large components made of ductile iron; Ultraschallpruefung an Vordrehkonturen fuer grosse Bauteile aus Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schmitte, Till; Chichkov, Nikolai; Nemitz, Oliver; Orth, Thomas [Salzgitter Mannesmann Forschung GmbH, Duisburg (Germany); Hocks, Heinrich Jr.; Rusche, Sascha; Opalla, Dirk; Frank, Joerg [GNS Gesellschaft fuer Nuklear-Service mbH, Essen (Germany)

2015-07-01

In the ultrasonic testing of large, thick-walled components made of ductile iron partial acoustic paths of several meters are needed. Considered here are cylindrical components such as the body of CASTOR containers with diameters 2-3 m, a height of up to 6 m and a wall thickness of 500 mm. So far, an automated technique for this is not available, therefore such components are checked in a complex and lengthy process by manual ultrasonic testing. The development and design of the testing by means of simulations and the realization as a mobile testing device are topics of this paper. Measurements on a reference body with test reflectors in different depths are presented and discussed. [German] Bei der Ultraschall-Pruefung von grossen, dickwandigen Bauteilen aus Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit werden teilweise Schallwege von mehreren Metern noetig. Betrachtet werden hier zylinderfoermige Bauteile, wie die Koerper von CASTOR-Behaeltern, mit Durchmessern zwischen 2 und 3 m, einer Hoehe von bis zu 6 m und Wanddicken von ca. 500 mm. Bisher ist eine automatisierte Technik hierfuer nicht verfuegbar, daher werden derartige Bauteile in einem aufwaendigen und langwierigen Prozess mittels manueller Schallung geprueft. Zur Erhoehung der Nachweissicherheit und zur Steigerung der Effizienz im Pruefablauf sollen nun senkrecht zur Achse des zylinderfoermigen Bauteils liegende unzulaessige Anzeigen im gesamten Mantelvolumen durch eine teilautomatisierte Pruefung ausgeschlossen werden. Die Entwicklung und Auslegung der Prueftechnik mittels Simulationen und die Realisierung als mobile Pruefvorrichtung sind Themen dieses Beitrags. Messungen an einem Referenzkoerper mit Testreflektoren in verschiedenen Tiefen werden vorgestellt und diskutiert.

A cerebellar learning model of vestibulo-ocular reflex adaptation in wild-type and mutant mice

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Clopath, Claudia; Badura, Aleksandra; De Zeeuw, Chris I; Brunel, Nicolas

2014-01-01

Mechanisms of cerebellar motor learning are still poorly understood. The standard Marr-Albus-Ito theory posits that learning involves plasticity at the parallel fiber to Purkinje cell synapses under control of the climbing fiber input, which provides an error signal as in classical supervised

Compositional changes in (iso)flavonoids and estrogenic activity of three edible Lupinus species by germination and Rhizopus-elicitation

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Aisyah, Siti; Vincken, Jean Paul; Andini, Silvia; Mardiah, Zahara; Gruppen, Harry

2016-01-01

The effects of germination and elicitation on (iso)flavonoid composition of extracts from three edible lupine species (Lupinus luteus, Lupinus albus, Lupinus angustifolius) were determined by RP-UHPLC-MS. ⁿ The total (iso)flavonoid content of lupine increased over 10-fold upon

Elimination and utilization of ammonium nitrogen from sewage treatment plants. Operating experience at the Goettingen and Cuxhaven sewage treatment plants; Entfernung und Verwertung von Ammonium-Stickstoff aus Klaeranlagen. Betriebserfahrungen auf den Klaeranlagen Goettingen und Cuxhaven

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kaiser, S.; Sackewitz, M.; Spindler, T. [Rauschert Verfahrenstechnik GmbH, Steinwiesen (Germany)

1999-07-01

Stripping is a physical-chemical technique for reliable and easy removal of ammonium-nitrogen from waste water. Especially for treating small and heavily loaded partial streams, stripping represents an efficient complement to biological process stages. An energy-optimized concept evolved by the process engineering firm Rauschert manages to combine proved technology and the utilization of all process products in the long term into an economical process solution. This is reflected in the operating results of reference plants at Goettingen and Cuxhaven. (orig.) [German] Das Strippen ist ein physikalisch-chemisches Verfahren zur sicheren und einfachen Entfernung von Ammonium-Stickstoff aus Abwasser. Vor allem bei der Behandlung kleiner und hochbeladener Teilstroeme ist die Strippung eine effiziente Ergaenzung zu biologischen Verfahrensstufen. Ein energieoptimiertes Konzept der Firma Rauschert Verfahrenstechnik verbindet die bewaehrte Technik und die langfristige Verwertung saemtlicher Prozessprodukte zu einer wirtschaftlichen Problemloesung. Dies spiegelt sich in den Betriebsergebnissen der Referenzanlagen in Goettingen und Cuxhaven wider. (orig.)

Virtuelle Patienten: Wie werden sie aus Sicht von Medizinstudierenden am besten eingesetzt? [Virtual patients: Which kind of teaching method is most attractive to medical students?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Riemer, Martin

2013-11-01

Full Text Available [english] “Virtual Patients” (VPs enable medical students to simulate a patient encounter before their first real patient contact. Later they can also be used to assess and train students’ abilities to recognize and treat selected diseases. This is especially valuable as medical schools are normally linked to maximum medical care hospitals with increasing difficulties to present patients with less serious medical conditions to their students . Five different approaches were taken to find out which is the best way to use VPs in medical education. From the student’s points of view best results can be achieved in the majority of cases when students worked in groups of two up to about ten. [german] „Virtuelle Patienten“ (VP ermöglichen es Medizinstudierenden eine Begegnung mit Patienten zu simulieren, bevor sie ihren ersten realen Patientenkontakt haben. Später im Studium können VP genutzt werden, um ausgewählte Krankheiten zu erkennen oder deren Behandlung zu üben. Dies ist besonders wichtig, weil in Ausbildungskrankenhäusern der Maximalversorgung immer weniger Patienten mit normalen Erkrankungen als Beispiel für die Studierenden zu finden sind . Fünf verschiedene Ansätze wurden genutzt um herauszufinden, auf welche Art man VP am besten in der medizinischen Ausbildung einsetzen kann. Aus der Sicht der Studierenden können in der Mehrzahl der Fälle die besten Ergebnisse erzielt werden, wenn Studierende in Gruppen von zwei bis zu ungefähr zehn Personen unterrichtet werden.

Aus der AGMB

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hentschel, Eike

2015-08-01

Full Text Available We preview the Annual Meeting of the German MLA (AGMB 2015 in Basel and the planned Annual Meetings in Göttingen, Wien and Oldenburg 2016–2018. We inform about the German MLA (AGMB competition “Pioneer projects in medical libraries” 2015, co-operations with and MFT and travel expenses subventions for members. The list of medical libraries was updated. We search for authors for the weblog “MEDINFO”. The members are asked for updating their membership records.

Aus der AGMB

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Reimann, Iris

2016-09-01

Full Text Available We inform about the main focus of the executive board of the German MLA (AGMB 2015/2016 and preview the Annual Meeting of the AGMB 2016 in Göttingen. We inform about the AGMB competition “Pioneer projects in medical libraries 2016”, about the AGMB colloquium in Münster, co-operations, travel allowances for members and the weblog MEDINFO. The Migration of the AGMB website to a new provider takes place at the moment.

'Aus oekonomischer Sicht ...'

OpenAIRE

Weyma Luebbe

2009-01-01

Economists, and notably health economists, very often add to their policy recommendations the formula ,from an economic point of view'. The contribution starts by exploring what the message of this clause to non-economists might be. The vagueness that it brings about as to the general acceptability of claims to ,rational' allocation, ,best' outcomes etc. is then, first, assessed with respect to the recent debate about IQWiG's (the German equivalent to Britain's NICE) unorthodox methodology of...

Aus der AGMB

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Reimann, Iris

2017-12-01

Full Text Available We look back to a successful Annual Meeting of the German MLA (AGMB 2017 in Vienna. A new executive board was elected as well as the management of the working groups for the period 2017 to 2019. The next conference location in Oldenburg was also presented. The executive board met already with the Oldenburg local committee to visit the conference venues there.

Presidendi taluehitaja mängib võlausaldajatega peitust / Ingvar Bärenklau

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Bärenklau, Ingvar, 1967-

2007-01-01

President Toomas Hendrik Ilvese ja proua Evelin Ilvese Ärma talus ehitustöid korraldanud ning alltöövõtjatele võlgu jäänud Aus Invest OÜ omanikud Aivar ja Mait Aus on läinud võlausaldajate eest peitu Norrasse ning kirjutanud oma vara teiste isikute nimele. Vt. samas: Presidenditalu rahavaidlus. Aus Invest on jätnud tasumata maaparandus- ja pinnasetöödefirmale AS Nuia Melior ja Pärnu puidutööstusele AS Puit. Proua Evelin Ilvese kinnitusel on Ärma talu omanikfirma Ermamaa Aus Investile kui peatöövõtjale kõik arved tasunud

High-performance ceramic filters for energy engineering. Final report; Filter aus Hochleistungskeramik fuer die Energietechnik. Abschlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Westerheide, R. [Fraunhofer-Institut fuer Werkstoffmechanik (IWM), Freiburg im Breisgau (Germany); Adler, J. [Fraunhofer-Institut fuer Keramische Technologien und Sinterwerkstoffe (IKTS), Dresden (Germany); Buhl, H. [ESK-SIC GmbH, Frechen-Grefrath (Germany); Fister, D. [H.C. Starck GmbH, Laufenburg (Germany); Krein, J. [LLB Lurgi Lentjes Energietechnik GmbH, Frankfurt (Germany); Voelker, W. [Annawerk GmbH, Roedental (Germany); Walch, A. [eds.] [USF Schumacher Umwelt- und Trenntechnik GmbH, Crailsheim (Germany)

1999-09-30

The hot gas particulate removal of many advanced coal fired power generation technologies works at temperatures above 800 C. The filter elements for these applications are often based on ceramic materials, e.g. silicon carbide. However, the mostly clay bonded silicon carbide is subject to creep and oxidation due to probable changes of the binder phase. In this work the development of new ceramic filter materials based on silicon carbide and alumina is described. The goal of the development was to increase the potential application temperature. To obtain the goal, the work was performed together with ceramic powder manufacturers, developers of ceramic materials and components as well as with companies who operate test facilities. Different routes were chosen to increase the high temperature resistance in consideration of corrosion resistance, fracture strength and pressure loss of the filter materials. One of these routes was the optimization of the binder phase of the silicon carbide materials. Other routes were concentrated on the base material and the investigation of other possibilities for the silicon carbide bonding, i.e. a recrystallization process of SiC (RSiC) or a self bonding of granulated small grained silicon carbide powder. Additionally filter materials based on alumina were developed. The report covers these material development oriented topics as well as the additional work in materials reliability, coating development and modeling of microstructure. (orig.) [German] In der Kombikraftwerkstechnik wird insbesondere bei Kohlefeuerung die Heissgasreinigung oft bei Temperaturen ueber 800 C eingesetzt. Die Filterelemente fuer diese Anwendungen bestehen oft aus keramischen Materialien. Das haeufig eingesetzte tongebundene Siliciumcarbid unterliegt jedoch besonders aufgrund der Beschaffenheit der Bindephase Kriech- und Oxidationsschaedigungen. In diesem Bericht wird die Entwicklung von neuen keramischen Filtermaterialien, die auf Siliciumcarbid oder

Observations on the behaviour of the Scarlet Ibis, Eudocimus ruber, in Artis Zoo, Amsterdam

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Spil, R.E.; Walstijn, van M.W.; Albrecht, H.

1985-01-01

The Scarlet Ibis, Eudocimus ruber (Linnaeus), fam. Threskiornithidae, is the closest relative of the White Ibis, Eudocimus albus (Linnaeus). The two species live in adjoining geographical areas. Nothing is known about the Scarlet Ibis’s breeding biology in the wild and only little about its breeding

Degradation of lucerne stem cell walls by five rumen bacterial species

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Jung, H.G.; Engels, F.M.; Weimer, P.J.

2004-01-01

The rumen bacterial strains Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens H17c, Fibrobacter succinogenes S85, Lachnospira multiparus 40, Ruminococcus albus 7 and R. flavefaciens FD-1 were compared individually and as a five-species mixture with a rumen inoculum for their ability to degrade lucerne (Medicago sativa L.)

Questioning the cerebellar doctrine

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Galliano, Elisa; De Zeeuw, Chris I

2014-01-01

The basic principles of cerebellar function were originally described by Flourens, Cajal, and Marr/Albus/Ito, and they constitute the pillars of what can be considered to be the classic cerebellar doctrine. In their concepts, the main cerebellar function is to control motor behavior, Purkinje cells

Developing and Improving Modified Achievement Level Descriptors: Rationale, Procedures, and Tools

Science.gov (United States)

Quenemoen, Rachel; Albus, Debra; Rogers, Chris; Lazarus, Sheryl

2010-01-01

Some states are developing alternate assessments based on modified achievement standards (AA-MAS) to measure the academic achievement of some students with disabilities (Albus, Lazarus, Thurlow, & Cormier, 2009; Lazarus, Thurlow, Christensen, & Cormier, 2007). These assessments measure the same content as the general assessment for a given…

Trommel

OpenAIRE

2001-01-01

Schlaginstrumente (von mittelhochdt.: tru[m]me, trumel, trumbel [lautmalerisch]), bei denen über einem meist zylindrischen Korpus (Zarge) aus Holz oder, seit dem 18. Jh. üblich, aus Metall an einer oder beiden Öffnungen ein (Tier-)Fell gespannt ist und welche mit T.-Stöcken (meist aus Holz oder Elfenbein), Schlägeln oder Händen gespielt werden.

Nanostructured films of inorganic-organic hybrid materials for application in photovoltaics; Nanostrukturierte Filme aus anorganisch-organischen Hybridmaterialien fuer die Photovoltaik

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Perlich, Jan

2009-06-25

Nanostructured thin films of crystalline TiO{sub 2} for applications in photovoltaics were studied. The fabrication of the thin films is based on a hybrid approach. The anorganic metal oxide prepared via a sol-gel synthesis is structurated by the template properties of the applied organic block-copolymer. Via the film epitaxy by means of centrifugal coating first hybrid films (polymer-nanocomposite films) were fabricated, which were changed by calcination into crystalline TiO{sub 2} films with taylored morphology. The successful development of novel preparation approaches to the adaption to consisting conditions in the application field of photovoltaics contains a route to the fine-tuning of the morphology as well as the fabrication of hierarchical morphologies in different configurations. The structural study of the single nanostructurated TiO{sub 2} films up to the functional multilayer arrangement as photovoltaic demonstration cell was performed with conventionally imaging methods, as for instance scanning force microscopy and electron microscopy as well as the special small-angle X-ray scattering method under rigid incident angle (GISAXS). [German] Es wurden nanostrukturierte duenne Filme aus kristallinem TiO{sub 2} fuer Anwendungen in der Photovoltaik untersucht. Die Herstellung der duennen Filme basiert auf einem Hybridansatz. Das ueber eine Sol-Gel-Synthese bereitgestellte anorganische Metalloxid wird durch die Template-Eigenschaften des eingesetzten organischen Block-Copolymers strukturiert. Ueber die Filmaufbringung mittels Schleuderbeschichtung wurden zunaechst Hybridfilme (Polymer-Nanokompositfilme) hergestellt, die durch Kalzinierung in kristalline TiO{sub 2}-Filme mit massgeschneiderter Morphologie umgewandelt werden. Die erfolgreiche Entwicklung von neuartigen Praeparationsansaetzen zur Adaption an bestehende Gegebenheiten im Anwendungsgebiet der Photovoltaik beinhaltet eine Route zur Feineinstellung der Morphologie sowie die Herstellung von

Indicadores de estresse salino em abacaxizeiro cultivado na ausência e presença de fitorreguladores Indicators of salinity in pineapple grown in the absence and presence of growth regulators

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yuri Lima Melo

2011-09-01

Full Text Available O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes concentrações de NaCl nas fases de multiplicação e enraizamento in vitro do abacaxizeiro cultivar MD Gold. Brotos de abacaxizeiro foram inoculados em meio MS, na ausência e presença dos fitorreguladores ácido naftalenoacético (ANA e 6-benzilaminopurina (BAP e também de diferentes concentrações de NaCl (Controle - 0; 50; 100 e 150 mM. Mensalmente, os brotos foram subcultivados e foram analisados altura média, número de folhas vivas e mortas, taxas de brotação e enraizamento. Durante a multiplicação e na ausência de ANA e BAP, o NaCl provocou significativa redução no crescimento e desenvolvimento de brotos de abacaxizeiro, expresso pela altura e pelo número de folhas, nas doses mais elevadas, contrariamente, na presença dos fitorreguladores. Durante os 60 dias iniciais, ocorreu aumento na produção de folhas. Contudo, aos 90 dias, observou-se decréscimo na média de folhas vivas nos brotos tratados com sal. O cultivo in vitro de abacaxizeiro em presença de sal é mais eficiente na presença de ANA e BAP, garantindo a manutenção do crescimento, aumentando o número de folhas, produzindo novas gemas e acelerando o processo de enraizamento.To assess the effects of salt on the pineapple MD Gold during the multiplication and rooting phases in vitro, this study evaluated its performance in different concentrations of NaCl in the absence or presence of growth regulators. Pineapple shoots were inoculated on MS solution in the absence and presence of the growth regulators naphtaleneacetic acid (NAA and 6-benzlaminopurine (BAP and different concentrations of NaCl (Control - 0, 50, 100 and 150 mM. Monthly, shoots were subcultured and it was analyzed height, number of alive and dead leaves, rates of sprouting and rooting. During the multiplication in the absence of NAA and BAP, the NaCl treatments caused significant reduction in growth and development of pineapple

Adubos fosfatados na absorção de fósforo pela soja em presença e ausência de calagem Effect of phosphate fertilizers and liming on phosphorus uptake by soybeans

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ondino Cleante Bataglia

1984-01-01

Full Text Available Num experimento conduzido em São Simão (SP durante três anos consecutivos, em um latossolo roxo de textura média, anteriormente sob vegetação de cerrado, estudou-se o efeito da aplicação de fosfato-de-araxá, hiperfosfato, termofosfato (Yoorin e superfosfato triplo em presença e ausência de calagem, sobre o crescimento, produtividade e absorção de nutrientes pela soja cultivar Santa-Rosa. Os dados evidenciaram a importância dos nutrientes acompanhantes de fósforo dos adubos fosfatados, especialmente do cálcio, sobre o crescimento, produção de grãos e absorção de fósforo pela parte aérea da soja. Na presença de calagem, não houve diferença marcante entre os adubos sobre a produtividade e absorção do fósforo. Na sua ausência, os adubos menos solúveis, aplicados em maiores quantidades e, portanto, levando grandes quantidades de cálcio, mostraram efeitos residuais melhores que os fosfatados mais solúveis. A produtividade com a aplicação dos fosfatos menos solúveis no terceiro ano de plantio sem calagem mostrou boa correlação com a absorção de cálcio, magnésio, fósforo e com a relação Ca/Mn das folhas.One experiment was conducted during three successive growing seasons in São Simão, State of São Paulo, Brazil, to test the effect of different phosphates and liming on the uptake of phosphorus by soybeans. The phosphates were: >- rock phosphate, hyperphosphate, termophosphate (Yoorin and triple superphosphate, at rates of 100, 200 and 400kg/ha of water or 2% citric acid soluble P2O5 and a common control without phosphorus. The phosphates were broadcasted over limed or non limed plots. Dolomitic lime was applied at rates of 2500kg/ha before the first and third planting. The cultivar used was 'Santa Rosa'. Field data demonstrated the importance of the nutrients, specially calcium, carried by the phosphate together with phosphorus, on growth, grain productivity and phosphorus uptake by soybeans. In the

Contribuição da aplicação do ultrassom de baixa potência na prevenção de osteopenia em tíbias de ratos sob ausência de carga

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

C.H.M. Borges

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho objetivou verificar se o ultrassom de baixa potência (US previne a ocorrência de osteopenia em tíbias de ratos sob ausência de carga. Foram utilizados 45 Rattus novergicus albinus, Wistar adultos, machos, distribuídos em cinco grupos iguais: C - animais-controle livres em gaiolas por 21 dias; S - animais suspensos pela cauda por 21 dias; ST - suspensos pela cauda por 21 dias e concomitantemente tratados com US; S→C - suspensos por 21 dias e depois permanecendo livres em gaiolas por mais 21 dias; S→CT - suspensos por 21 dias e depois permanecendo livres em gaiolas por mais 21 dias e concomitantemente tratados com US. O tratamento foi realizado com US de 1,5MHz, ciclo de trabalho 1:4, 30mW/cm², na tíbia direita, por 15 sessões de 20 minutos cada, cinco sessões por semana. Ainda vivos, os animais foram submetidos a exame de densitometria óssea para verificação da densidade mineral óssea (DMO e do conteúdo mineral ósseo (CMO. Após a eutanásia dos animais, as tíbias foram desarticuladas, dissecadas e submetidas a ensaio mecânico destrutivo para análise da força máxima (Fmáx e da rigidez (R. Foram avaliados também o comprimento (L e o diâmetro (D no ponto médio da tíbia. O grupo S apresentou valores de DMO, CMO, Fmáx, R, L e D menores em relação ao grupo C, demonstrando que a suspensão pela cauda é prejudicial a estas variáveis. O tratamento dos animais suspensos com o US, grupo ST, elevou os valores de CMO e DMO em relação aos do grupo S, igualando-os aos do grupo C. A Fmáx, R e L do grupo ST aumentou em relação ao grupo S e também em relação ao grupo C (p0,05. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo permitem concluir que o US de baixa potência contribuiu na prevenção e reversão da ocorrência da osteopenia nos animais submetidos à suspensão pela cauda, demonstrando que a ausência do estímulo mecânico causada pela impossibilidade da deambulação pode ser minimizada pela ação mec

Bioindikation im Grundwasser funktioniert - Erwiderung zum Kommentar von T. Scheytt zum Beitrag "Grundwasserfauna als Indikator für komplexe hydrogeologische Verhältnisse am westlichen Kaiserstuhl" von Gutjahr, S., Bork, J. & Hahn, H.J. in Grundwasser 18 (3), 173-184 (2013)

Science.gov (United States)

Hahn, Hans Jürgen; Gutjahr, Simon

2014-09-01

In seinem Kommentar schließt Traugott Scheytt die faunistische Bioindikation über die Nutzung von Grundwassermessstellen aus methodischen Gründen aus. Er postuliert auch, dass die faunistische Indikation hydrogeologischer Zusammenhänge wegen der eingeschränkten Ausbreitungsfähigkeit der Tiere in Porengrundwasserleitern nicht möglich sei und stellt grundsätzlich die Befunde unserer Untersuchungen am Kaiserstuhl in Frage. Dabei überträgt Herr Scheytt seine Erfahrungen aus der unbelebten Hydrogeologie direkt auf den Lebensraum Grundwasser. Seine Argumentation berücksichtigt dabei weder die Prinzipien der Ökologie noch den aktuellen Stand der grundwasserökologischen Forschung. Wir gehen davon aus, dass für die Untersuchungen am Kaiserstuhl sowohl unsere Arbeitshypothese wie auch die angewandten Methoden und die Interpretation der Ergebnisse der Fragestellung angemessen sind und internationalem, wissenschaftlichem Standard entsprechen. Aus den oben benannten Gründen bleiben wir dabei: Biondikation im Grundwasser funktioniert und sie bietet hervorragende Möglichkeiten, gerade auch für die Hydrogeologie.

Participation in population-based case-control studies: does the observed decline vary by socio-economic status?

Science.gov (United States)

Mazloum, Marie; Bailey, Helen D; Heiden, Tamika; Armstrong, Bruce K; de Klerk, Nicholas; Milne, Elizabeth

2012-05-01

An Australian study of childhood leukaemia (Aus-ALL) previously reported that control participation was positively associated with socio-economic status (SES). A similar study of childhood brain tumours (Aus-CBT) was carried out 4 years later, and this paper compares control participation and its relationship with SES in the two studies. To assess the representativeness of controls in terms of SES, the addresses of controls were linked to Australian Bureau of Statistics Census 2006 Collection Districts (CDs), and hence to area-based indices of SES. Independent sample t-tests and chi-squared tests were used to compare the SES indices of CDs where Aus-CBT controls lived with those where Aus-ALL controls lived and with those of all CDs where Australian families lived. The overall percentage of eligible families who agreed to participate was lower in Aus-CBT (53.9%) than in Aus-ALL (70.3%). Control families in both studies were of higher SES than the general population, while the distribution of SES among recruited controls was similar in both studies. These findings provide some reassurance that the observed decline in research participation over time may not be associated with an increasingly unrepresentative participant population. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Measurement of consumer preference for treatments used to induce labour: a willingness-to-pay approach.

Science.gov (United States)

Taylor, Susan J.; Armour, Carol L.

2000-09-01

AIM: The purpose of the study was to assess the acceptability to consumers of two methods of induction of labour using a willingness-to-pay (WTP) approach. The methods compared were amniotomy plus oxytocin and prostaglandin E2 vaginal gel, followed by oxytocin if necessary. METHODS: A description of each method was presented, in questionnaire format, to pregnant women attending a public hospital ante-natal clinic. Women were asked to choose one of the two treatments, then give a valuation in dollar terms for both their preferred treatment and the alternative. RESULTS: It was found that 73.7% of patients preferred gel. The mean maximum WTP for amniotomy plus oxytocin was Aus$133 while that for gel was Aus$178 (P=0.0001). Those who chose amniotomy plus oxytocin were WTP 90% more for their preferred treatment compared with the alternative (Aus$180 vs. Aus$95). Similarly, those who preferred gel were WTP 90% more for their preferred treatment compared with the alternative (Aus$222 vs. Aus$119). CONCLUSION: Consumers were able to assess drug information provided on the two therapies, make an informed choice and to value that choice. Information obtained in this way, combined with information on costs, could be used in policy decision-making.

Measurement of consumer preference for treatments used to induce labour: a willingness‐to‐pay approach

Science.gov (United States)

Taylor, Susan J.; Armour, Carol L.

2001-01-01

Aim The purpose of the study was to assess the acceptability to consumers of two methods of induction of labour using a willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) approach. The methods compared were amniotomy plus oxytocin and prostaglandin E2 vaginal gel, followed by oxytocin if necessary. Methods A description of each method was presented, in questionnaire format, to pregnant women attending a public hospital ante‐natal clinic. Women were asked to choose one of the two treatments, then give a valuation in dollar terms for both their preferred treatment and the alternative. Results It was found that 73.7% of patients preferred gel. The mean maximum WTP for amniotomy plus oxytocin was Aus$133 while that for gel was Aus$178 (P=0.0001). Those who chose amniotomy plus oxytocin were WTP 90% more for their preferred treatment compared with the alternative (Aus$180 vs. Aus$95). Similarly, those who preferred gel were WTP 90% more for their preferred treatment compared with the alternative (Aus$222 vs. Aus$119). Conclusion Consumers were able to assess drug information provided on the two therapies, make an informed choice and to value that choice. Information obtained in this way, combined with information on costs, could be used in policy decision‐making. PMID:11281930

Insecticidal and Feeding Deterrent Effects of Fraxinellone from Dictamnus dasycarpus against Four Major Pests

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Huixia Liu

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Fraxinellone, a well-known and significant naturally occurring compound isolated from Meliaceae and Rutaceae spp. has been widely used as a drug for the treatment of tumors. On the other hand, fraxinellone exhibited a variety of insecticidal activities including feeding-deterrent activity, inhibition of growth, and larvicidal activity. The present study focused on the antifeedant and larvicidal activities of fraxinellone against the larvae of Lepidoptera, including Mythimna separata, Agrotis ypsilon, Plutella xylostella, and one kind of sanitary pest, Culux pipiens pallens. Meanwhile, the ovicidal activities and the effects of fraxinellone on the larval development of M. separata were also observed. The LC50 values of fraxinellone against 3rd instar larvae of M. separata, 2nd instar larvae of P. xylostella and 4th instar larvae of C. pipiens pallens were 15.95/6.43/3.60 × 10−2 mg mL−1, and its AFC50 values against 5th instar larvae of M. separata, 2nd instar larvae of P. xylostella and 2nd instar larvae of A. ypsilon were 10.73/7.93/12.58 mg mL−1, respectively. Compared with the control group, fraxinellone obviously inhibited the pupation rate and the growth of M. separata. Once M. separata was treated with fraxinellone at concentrations of 5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 mg mL−1, respectively, the stages from the larvae to adulthood and the egg hatching duration were prolonged to 1/2/3, and 4/3/4 days, respectively. Additionally, fraxinellone strongly inhibited the development rate and the egg hatch proportion of M. separata.

Variability of oil and gas well productivities for continuous (unconventional) petroleum accumulations

Science.gov (United States)

Charpentier, Ronald R.; Cook, Troy A.

2013-01-01

Over the last decade, oil and gas well productivities were estimated using decline-curve analysis for thousands of wells as part of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) studies of continuous (unconventional) oil and gas resources in the United States. The estimated ultimate recoveries (EURs) of these wells show great variability that was analyzed at three scales: within an assessment unit (AU), among AUs of similar reservoir type, and among groups of AUs with different reservoir types. Within a particular oil or gas AU (such as the Barnett Shale), EURs vary by about two orders of magnitude between the most productive wells and the least productive ones (excluding those that are dry and abandoned). The distributions of EURs are highly skewed, with most of the wells in the lower part of the range. Continuous AUs were divided into four categories based on reservoir type and major commodity (oil or gas): coalbed gas, shale gas, other low-permeability gas AUs (such as tight sands), and low-permeability oil AUs. Within each of these categories, there is great variability from AU to AU, as shown by plots of multiple EUR distributions. Comparing the means of each distribution within a category shows that the means themselves have a skewed distribution, with a range of approximately one to two orders of magnitude. A comparison of the three gas categories (coalbed gas, shale gas, and other low-permeability gas AUs) shows large overlap in the ranges of EUR distributions. Generally, coalbed gas AUs have lower EUR distributions, shale gas AUs have intermediate sizes, and the other low-permeability gas AUs have higher EUR distributions. The plot of EUR distributions for each category shows the range of variation among developed AUs in an appropriate context for viewing the historical development within a particular AU. The Barnett Shale is used as an example to demonstrate that dividing wells into groups by time allows one to see the changes in EUR distribution. Subdivision into groups

Silage seepage and water protection. Production and recovery of silage seepage from animal feed and biomass for biogas plants. 7. ed.; Silagesickersaft und Gewaesserschutz. Anfall und Verwertung von Silagesickersaft aus Futtermitteln und Biomasse fuer Biogasanlagen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Spiekers, Hubert [Bayerische Landesanstalt fuer Landwirtschaft (LfL), Freising-Weihenstephan (Germany); Attenberger, Erwin [Bayerisches Landesamt fuer Umwelt, Augsburg (Germany)

2012-11-15

The production of silage is now standard and an important basis for a successful milk and beef production. Silage is also needed in agricultural biogas plants as a substrate for energy production. This publication is intended to serve agriculture as a source of information and guidance document for the construction and operation of silos and the administration as an orientating work aid. The factors influencing the accumulation of silage seepage and the possibilities of prevention in silage and silage management are presented and evaluated from environmental and legal perspective. [German] Die Produktion von Silage ist heute Standard und eine wichtige Grundlage fuer eine erfolgreiche Milch- und Rindfleischerzeugung. Silage wird auch in landwirtschaftlichen Biogasanlagen als Substrat zur Energieerzeugung benoetigt. Die vorliegende Publikation soll der Landwirtschaft als Informationsquelle und Handlungsanleitung fuer den Bau und Betrieb von Siloanlagen und der Verwaltung als orientierende Arbeitshilfe dienen. Die Einflussgroessen auf den Anfall an Sickersaeften und die Moeglichkeiten der Vermeidung bei der Silierung und dem Silagemanagement werden dargestellt und aus umwelt- und rechtlicher Sicht bewertet.

Vergleichende Kraft-Dehnungs- und Dauerlastversuche mit kieferorthopädischen Gummizügen und pseudoelastischen Ni-Ti-Federn

OpenAIRE

Buch, Stefan

2003-01-01

Bei einer Behandlung mit festsitzenden Apparaturen stehen für Zahnverschiebungen in mesio-distaler Richtung und zur Okklusionseinstellung seit 1993 als Alternative zu Gummiringen aus Latex Zugfedern aus der Nickel-Titan-Legierung Sentalloy zur Verfügung. Die vorliegende Untersuchung zeigt die materialtechnischen Besonderheiten der beiden Werkstoffe auf und beschreibt die Vor- und Nachteile in der klinischen Anwendung der Gummizüge und der Federn. Es wurden Gummizüge aus Latex von Ormco Dental...

An enzymatic approach to cell wall structure | Hungate | South ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Ruminococcus albus was incubated with isolated alfalfa cell wall material for 72 h in batch culture. Cellulose in the cell walls was digested to a somewhat greater extent (88%) than were the fermentable sugars of the hemicellulose fraction (62- 76%). The digestibility of the total insoluble alfalfa cell wall, including lignin but ...

Antihypertensive Activity of Residue From “Gebto Arekei",

African Journals Online (AJOL)

pretea brev containing Lupinus albus seeds is assumed to represent one of the forms se his plant in the traditional treatment of hypertension. The present work was aaraken to see the effect of “ Gebto Arekei on blood pressure of renovascular hypertensive guinea-pigs and evaluate its traditional medicinal use. METHODS: ...

Five Lessons of a Dumbledore Education

Science.gov (United States)

Music, Rusmir; Agans, Lyndsay J.

2007-01-01

Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry and the world of Harry Potter may help educators re-imagine their daily work and provide good reminders that intentional formal and informal mentoring, informed by educational theory, play an essential role in student learning and development. Mentoring principles at Hogwarts flow from Albus Dumbledore,…

High-resolution seismic studies on geothermal heat extraction from low, permeable rock strata in the city of Hanover using depth-dependent, optimized acquisition parameters; Hochaufloesende seismische Untersuchungen zur Erdwaermegewinnung aus tiefen, permeablen Gesteinsformationen im Stadtgebiet Hannover unter Verwendung von Profilen mit teufenabhaengig optimierten Akquisitionsparametern

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Thomas, R. [GGA-Inst. fuer Geowissenschaftliche Gemeinschaftsaufgaben, Hannover (Germany)

2002-07-01

The investigations accompanied a demonstration project on geothermal heat production planned by GEOZENTRUM, Hanover, in which geothermal heat will be produced from muschelkalk and mottled sandstone in the area of Hanover/Misburg by means of ''generated geothermal systems'' (GeneSys). This involves detailed seismic exploration of the geological strata of all depth levels. Profile data of the Thoense gas field will be integrated. [German] Die Untersuchungen stehen im Zusammenhang mit dem vom GEOZENTRUM-Hannover geplanten Demonstrationsvorhaben zur Erdwaermegewinnung mittels ''Generierter geothermischer Energie Systeme'' (GeneSys) im Stadtgebiet Hannover/Misburg. Zielhorizonte sind der Muschelkalk und der Buntsandstein. Dazu sollten die geologischen Strukturen im gesamten Teufenbereich detailliert seismisch erkundet werden, wobei neben neuen Messungen auch die vorliegenden Informationen aus bereits gemessenen Profilen des Gasfeldes Thoense einfliessen. (orig.)

Cleaning of Livefront Electrical Switchgear Using Carbon Dioxide Pellets at Navy Installations

Science.gov (United States)

1998-05-01

MÄNTENIMIENTO - REPUESTOS ADX 600/- CARATTERISTICHE - CHARACTERISTICS - CARACTERISTIQUES - MERKMALE - CARACTERISTICAS Bicilindrico - Ciclo Diesel 4...Fliehkraftregler - Drehzahlregler - Kurbelgenhäuse aus Aluminium- Druckguss - Zylinder aus Perlitguss - Oelbadluftfilter. Bicilindrico - Ciclo Diesel de

Identification risk for microdata stemming from official statistics

OpenAIRE

Blien, Uwe; Wirth, Heike; Müller, Michael

1991-01-01

In diesem methodologischen Forschungsbericht wird über das Risiko der Identifizierung von Individuen aufgrund von Mikrodaten aus der amtlichen Statistik referiert. Bei ihrer Untersuchung, das Identifizierungsrisiko einzelner Individualdatensätze zu klären, gingen die Forscher von dem Umstand aus, daß für die Daten aus amtlichen Quellen keineswegs eine absolute Anonymität, sondern lediglich eine faktische Anonymität gesetzlich vorgeschrieben ist. Das bedeutet, daß zur Identifizierung ein so ho...

Precisão, sensibilidade e confiança na percepção háptica de peso na presença ou ausência de movimento e visão

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Márcio Rogério Penha

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Esta pesquisa investigou a influência do movimento muscular e da visão na precisão, sensibilidade e nível de confiança na percepção háptica de peso. Os participantes compararam pesos colocados sobre as palmas das mãos e, conforme a condição experimental, podiam movimentar ou não os braços, bem como visualizar ou não suas mãos e os estímulos. Os resultados mostraram que a precisão e a sensibilidade foram influenciadas pelo movimento e, em menor grau, pela visão. Em geral, o movimento leva à maior precisão e mais sensibilidade, e a contribuição da visão ocorreu nas condições sem movimento. O nível de confiança não foi influenciado pelo movimento, mas foi influenciado pela visão, sobretudo nas condições sem movimento. O nível de confiança foi congruente à precisão dos julgamentos somente na ausência de visão, sugerindo um conhecimento implícito da precisão.

Magnesium requirement of some of the principal rumen cellulolytic bacteria.

Science.gov (United States)

Morales, M S; Dehority, B A

2014-09-01

Information available on the role of Mg for growth and cellulose degradation by rumen bacteria is both limited and inconsistent. In this study, the Mg requirements for two strains each of the cellulolytic rumen species Fibrobacter succinogenes (A3c and S85), Ruminococcus albus (7 and 8) and Ruminococcus flavefaciens (B34b and C94) were investigated. Maximum growth, rate of growth and lag time were all measured using a complete factorial design, 2(3)×6; factors were: strains (2), within species (3) and Mg concentrations (6). R. flavefaciens was the only species that did not grow when Mg was singly deleted from the media, and both strains exhibited a linear growth response to increasing Mg concentrations (PR. flavefaciens B34b was estimated as 0.54 mM; whereas the requirement for R. flavefaciens C94 was >0.82 as there was no plateau in growth. Although not an absolute requirement for growth, strains of the two other species of cellulolytic bacteria all responded to increasing Mg concentrations. For F. succinogenes S85, R. albus 7 and R. albus 8, their requirement estimated from maximum growth was 0.56, 0.52 and 0.51, respectively. A requirement for F. succinogenes A3c could not be calculated because there was no solution for contrasts. Whether R. flavefaciens had a Mg requirement for cellulose degradation was determined in NH3-free cellulose media, using a 2×4 factorial design, 2 strains and 4 treatments. Both strains of R. flavefaciens were found to have an absolute Mg requirement for cellulose degradation. Based on reported concentrations of Mg in the rumen, 1.0 to 10.1 mM, it seems unlikely that an in vivo deficiency of this element would occur.

Effects of Culture and 2-Hydroxy-4-(Methylthio-Butanoic Acid on Rumen Fermentation and Microbial Populations between Different Roughage Sources

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H. Sun

2014-09-01

Full Text Available An in vitro experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of Aspergillus oryzae culture (AOC and 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio-butanoic acid (HMB on rumen fermentation and microbial populations between different roughage sources. Two roughage sources (Chinese wild rye [CWR] vs corn silage [CS] were assigned in a 2×3 factorial arrangement with HMB (0 or 15 mg and AOC (0, 3, or 6 mg. Gas production (GP, microbial protein (MCP and total volatile fatty acid (VFA were increased in response to addition of HMB and AOC (p<0.01 for the two roughages. The HMB and AOC showed inconsistent effects on ammonia-N with different substrates. For CWR, neither HMB nor AOC had significant effect on molar proportion of individual VFA. For CS, acetate was increased (p = 0.02 and butyrate was decreased (p<0.01 by adding HMB and AOC. Increase of propionate was only occurred with AOC (p<0.01. Populations of protozoa (p≤0.03 and fungi (p≤0.02 of CWR were differently influenced by HMB and AOC. Percentages of F. succinogenes, R. albus, and R. flavefaciens (p<0.01 increased when AOC was added to CWR. For CS, HMB decreased the protozoa population (p = 0.01 and increased the populations of F. succinogenes and R. albus (p≤0.03. Populations of fungi, F. succinogenes (p = 0.02 and R. flavefacien (p = 0.03 were increased by adding AOC. The HMB×AOC interactions were noted in MCP, fungi and R. flavefacien for CWR and GP, ammonia-N, MCP, total VFA, propionate, acetate/propionate (A/P and R. albus for CS. It is inferred that addition of HMB and AOC could influence rumen fermentation of forages by increasing the number of rumen microbes.

Effects of Aspergillus Oryzae Culture and 2-Hydroxy-4-(Methylthio)-Butanoic Acid on In vitro Rumen Fermentation and Microbial Populations between Different Roughage Sources.

Science.gov (United States)

Sun, H; Wu, Y M; Wang, Y M; Liu, J X; Myung, K H

2014-09-01

An in vitro experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of Aspergillus oryzae culture (AOC) and 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid (HMB) on rumen fermentation and microbial populations between different roughage sources. Two roughage sources (Chinese wild rye [CWR] vs corn silage [CS]) were assigned in a 2×3 factorial arrangement with HMB (0 or 15 mg) and AOC (0, 3, or 6 mg). Gas production (GP), microbial protein (MCP) and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) were increased in response to addition of HMB and AOC (p<0.01) for the two roughages. The HMB and AOC showed inconsistent effects on ammonia-N with different substrates. For CWR, neither HMB nor AOC had significant effect on molar proportion of individual VFA. For CS, acetate was increased (p = 0.02) and butyrate was decreased (p<0.01) by adding HMB and AOC. Increase of propionate was only occurred with AOC (p<0.01). Populations of protozoa (p≤0.03) and fungi (p≤0.02) of CWR were differently influenced by HMB and AOC. Percentages of F. succinogenes, R. albus, and R. flavefaciens (p<0.01) increased when AOC was added to CWR. For CS, HMB decreased the protozoa population (p = 0.01) and increased the populations of F. succinogenes and R. albus (p≤0.03). Populations of fungi, F. succinogenes (p = 0.02) and R. flavefacien (p = 0.03) were increased by adding AOC. The HMB×AOC interactions were noted in MCP, fungi and R. flavefacien for CWR and GP, ammonia-N, MCP, total VFA, propionate, acetate/propionate (A/P) and R. albus for CS. It is inferred that addition of HMB and AOC could influence rumen fermentation of forages by increasing the number of rumen microbes.

Usefulness of abdominal ultrasonography in the analysis of endoscopic activity in patients with Crohn's disease: changes following treatment with immunomodulators and/or anti-TNF antibodies.

Science.gov (United States)

Moreno, Nadia; Ripollés, Tomás; Paredes, José María; Ortiz, Inmaculada; Martínez, María Jesús; López, Antonio; Delgado, Fructuoso; Moreno-Osset, Eduardo

2014-09-01

The objective of this study was to analyze the accuracy of abdominal ultrasonography (AUS) in the assessment of mucosal healing in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) receiving immunomodulators and/or biological treatment, with ileocolonoscopy as the reference standard. Thirty patients were included in a prospective longitudinal study. All patients underwent ileocolonoscopy and AUS before and after a minimum of one year of treatment. The Crohn's Disease Endoscopic Inflammatory Index of Severity (CDEIS) was used for endoscopic assessment whereas AUS was analyzed by means of bowel wall thickness, color Doppler grade and percentage of increase of parietal enhancement after contrast injection. In the segmental analysis, endoscopic healing was found in 71.2% of the segments and AUS findings were normalized in 62.8%, with a significant correlation between the two techniques (κ=0.76, pimmunomodulators and/or biological drugs in Crohn's disease. AUS is a highly accurate technique for evaluating the healing of the intestinal mucosa. Copyright © 2014 European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

De novo Biosynthesis of "Non-Natural" Thaxtomin Phytotoxins.

Science.gov (United States)

Winn, Michael; Francis, Daniel; Micklefield, Jason

2018-03-30

Thaxtomins are diketopiperazine phytotoxins produced by Streptomyces scabies and other actinobacterial plant pathogens that inhibit cellulose biosynthesis in plants. Due to their potent bioactivity and novel mode of action there has been considerable interest in developing thaxtomins as herbicides for crop protection. To address the need for more stable derivatives, we have developed a new approach for structural diversification of thaxtomins. Genes encoding the thaxtomin NRPS from S. scabies, along with genes encoding a promiscuous tryptophan synthase (TrpS) from Salmonella typhimurium, were assembled in a heterologous host Streptomyces albus. Upon feeding indole derivatives to the engineered S. albus strain, tryptophan intermediates with alternative substituents are biosynthesized and incorporated by the NRPS to deliver a series of thaxtomins with different functionalities in place of the nitro group. The approach described herein, demonstrates how genes from different pathways and different bacterial origins can be combined in a heterologous host to create a de novo biosynthetic pathway to "non-natural" product target compounds. © 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

MEGAS - multi-electrode gas sensor system. Micromechanical high-temperature sensor system on a Si basis for measurements of nitrogen monoxide concentrations in motor car exhaust. Final report; MEGAS - Multi-Elektroden-Gassensorsystem. Mikromechanisches Hochtemperatur-Sensorsystem aus Silizium-Basis zur Ermittlung von Stickstoffmonoxid-Konzentrationen im Kfz-Abgas. Abschlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Junge, S.

2002-07-01

The IMSAS is working on an actively heated Si substrate with interdigital structures fo working temperatures up to 550 C and for aggressive working media. The following tasks were achieved: Gas sensor design; Process development and optimisation; Processing of the Si substrate; Optimisation of the sensor substrate. The following problems were encountered: Minimisation of intrinsic stress of the stratified packages; Optimisation of the adhesive strength; Development of a stable sensor heating up to 550 C; Development and optimisation of structuring methods; Combination of thin film and thick film technologies. Resistive gas sensors with titanium-tungsten mixed oxides must be heated to 500 C for fast and sensitive response to a NO atmosphere. The gas sensitivity is strongly temperature-dependent, i.e. gas sensor temperature contro is required. In the case of diesel engine catalytic converters, ambient temperatures are high and vary with the mode of operation and operating time. The sensor temperature must be at least as high as the maximum ambient temperature and must be kept stable at this level. (orig.) [German] Am IMSAS liegt der Schwerpunkt im Bereich der Entwicklung eines aktiv beheizten Siliziumsubstrates mit Interdigitalstrukturen, das Arbeitstemperaturen bis zu 550 C und aggressiven Umgebungsbedingungen standhaelt. Die Arbeitspakete lassen sich grob zusammenfassen: - Designerstellung des Gassensors - Prozessentwicklung und -optimierung - Prozessierung des Siliziumsubstrates - Optimierung des Sensorsubstrates. Aus diesen Schwerpunkten ergeben sich Schwierigkeiten, die im Projektverlauf geloest werden muessen: - Minimierung des intrinsischen Stresses der Schichtpakete - Optimierung der Haftfestigkeit der Schichten/Schichtpakete - Entwicklung einer stabilen Sensorheizung bis 550 C - Entwicklung und Optimierung der Strukturierungsmethoden - Kombination von Duenn- und Dickschichttechnik (Si-Technologie und Siebdruck). Resistive Gassensoren mit Titan

Lyapunov vectors and assimilation in the unstable subspace: theory and applications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Palatella, Luigi; Carrassi, Alberto; Trevisan, Anna

2013-01-01

Based on a limited number of noisy observations, estimation algorithms provide a complete description of the state of a system at current time. Estimation algorithms that go under the name of assimilation in the unstable subspace (AUS) exploit the nonlinear stability properties of the forecasting model in their formulation. Errors that grow due to sensitivity to initial conditions are efficiently removed by confining the analysis solution in the unstable and neutral subspace of the system, the subspace spanned by Lyapunov vectors with positive and zero exponents, while the observational noise does not disturb the system along the stable directions. The formulation of the AUS approach in the context of four-dimensional variational assimilation (4DVar-AUS) and the extended Kalman filter (EKF-AUS) and its application to chaotic models is reviewed. In both instances, the AUS algorithms are at least as efficient but simpler to implement and computationally less demanding than their original counterparts. As predicted by the theory when error dynamics is linear, the optimal subspace dimension for 4DVar-AUS is given by the number of positive and null Lyapunov exponents, while the EKF-AUS algorithm, using the same unstable and neutral subspace, recovers the solution of the full EKF algorithm, but dealing with error covariance matrices of a much smaller dimension and significantly reducing the computational burden. Examples of the application to a simplified model of the atmospheric circulation and to the optimal velocity model for traffic dynamics are given. This article is part of a special issue of Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical devoted to ‘Lyapunov analysis: from dynamical systems theory to applications’. (paper)

Malformations detected by abdominal ultrasound in children with congenital heart disease.

Science.gov (United States)

Rosa, Rosana Cardoso Manique; Rosa, Rafael Fabiano Machado; Flores, José Antônio Monteiro; Golendziner, Eliete; Oliveira, Ceres Andréia Vieira de; Varella-Garcia, Marileila; Paskulin, Giorgio Adriano; Zen, Paulo Ricardo Gazzola

2012-12-01

Extracardiac malformations may be present in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD), bringing greater risk of comorbidity and mortality. Verify frequency and types of abdominal abnormalities detected in children with and without CHD through abdominal ultrasound (AUS), compare the patients in relation to their dysmorphic/cytogenetic findings and perform an estimative of the cost-effectiveness of the screening through AUS. We conducted a cross-sectional study with a control cohort. The cases consisted of patients with CHD admitted for the first time in a pediatric intensive care unit; the controls consisted of children without CHD who underwent AUS at the hospital shortly thereafter a case. All patients with CHD underwent AUS, high-resolution karyotype and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for microdeletion 22q11.2. AUS identified clinically significant abnormalities in 12.2% of the cases and 5.2% of controls (p= 0.009), with a power of significance of 76.6%. Most malformations with clinical significance were renal anomalies (10.4% in cases and 4.9% in controls; p= 0.034). In Brazil, the cost of an AUS examination for the Unified Health System is US$ 21. Since clinically significant abnormalities were observed in one in every 8.2 CHD patients, the cost to identify an affected child was calculated as approximately US$ 176. Patients with CHD present a significant frequency of abdominal abnormalities detected by AUS, an inexpensive and noninvasive diagnostic method with good sensitivity. The cost of screening for these defects is considerably lower than the cost to treat the complications of late diagnoses of abdominal malformations such as renal disease.

"Ich soll nicht zu mir selbst kommen" : Werther, Goethe und die Formung des Subjekts in der Moderne

OpenAIRE

Petersdorff, Dirk von (Prof. Dr.)

2012-01-01

Die Leiden des jungen Werther: Sie gehen aus einem neuen Reflexions- uns Ausgleichungsbedürfnis hervor, aus der Suche nach einem konsistenten Ich. Werther erlebt die kognitiven und affektiven Veränderungen, die die Moderne heraufführt, und aus diesen Erfahrungen geht sein Verlangen nach Einheit hervor (...). Die Suche nach dem einheitlichen, festen, verläßlichen Ich hält den Briefroman zusammen, und die Gattungswahl korrespondiert mit der Fragestellung, denn das Medium des Briefes hat im 18. ...

Diagnosis of atypia/follicular lesion of undetermined significance: An institutional experience

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lawrence Q Wong

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Background: The overall malignancy rate for the thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA diagnosed as atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS ranges from 5% to 30%. In this study, we present our institutional experience with thyroid nodules diagnosed as AUS/FLUS and further stratified into subcategories. In addition, we also assessed the significance of various clinicopathologic factors that may influence AUS/FLUS diagnoses and their outcomes. Design: A search of our laboratory information system was performed to identify all in-house thyroid FNA cases diagnosed as AUS/FLUS from 2008 to 2012. The data were collected and characterized by patient demographic information, cytopathology diagnosis with sub-classifiers and follow-up. Results: The case cohort included 457 cases diagnosed as AUS/FLUS. These were further sub-classified into one of six subcategories depending on the cytomorphologic findings and suspicion for or against a neoplastic process. Of the 457 cases, repeat FNA and/or surgical follow-up was available in 363 cases. There were 182 (39.8% cases with cytologic follow-up only; 18 (9.9% remained as AUS/FLUS, while 158 (86.8% were re-classified with the majority being benign (142 cases. Histologic follow-up was available in 181 (39.6% cases. There were 60 malignant cases confirmed by surgical excision, with an overall malignancy rate of 33.1%. The malignancy rate was 38.8% for cases with a repeat FNA versus 25.6% for cases that went directly to surgery without a repeat FNA. Papillary thyroid carcinoma accounted for 93.3% (56 cases of the malignant cases. Conclusion: Based on our study, even though the malignancy rate of AUS/FLUS cases is similar to those reported for cases diagnosed as follicular neoplasm/suspicious for follicular neoplasm, we are of the belief that these comparable malignancy rates are a product of better clinical management and selection of patients diagnosed as AUS

Regional coverage of contrails from satellite data and their radiative forcing; Regionale Kondensstreifen-Bedeckung aus Satellitendaten und ihr Einfluss auf den Strahlungshaushalt

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Meyer, R.

2000-07-01

An operational contrail detection algorithm is applied to day and night overpasses of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). From the classification results the daytime and nighttime coverage by linear shaped contrails over Western Europa is derived. The annual daytime average for the analyzed region of 0.75% shows a strong annual cycle with 1.0% coverage during winter and 0.4% during summer. The day/night ratio reaches the factor 3. Using the radiance contrasts in the 11 {mu}m channel for contrail and adjacent pixels an average visible optical depth for the observed contrails of 0.1 is derived. This leads to an annual mean top of atmosphere radiative forcing by contrails over Central Europe in the range of 0.03 W/m{sup 2} to 0.08 W/m{sup 2}, which is about one magnitude smaller than prior studies suggest. The highest annual mean contrail forcing exceeds 0.12 W/m{sup 2} over Northeastern France, Belgium, Great Britain and Hungary. (orig.) [German] Ein operationelles Kondensstreifen-Erkennungsverfahren wird auf Tag- und Nacht-Ueberfluege des Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) angewandt. Aus den Klassifizierungsergebnissen wird die mittaegliche und naechtliche Bedeckung durch linienhafte Kondensstreifen ueber Westeuropa abgeleitet. Das Jahresmittel der Bedeckung am Tag betraegt 0,75% und zeigt einen ausgepraegten Jahresgang mit 1% im Winter und 0,4% im Sommer, sowie einen starken Tag/Nacht-Unterschied mit einer Amplitude von 3. Mit Hilfe von Strahldichtekontrasten im 11 {mu}m Kanal zwischen Kondensstreifen und benachbarten Pixeln wird fuer die erkannten Kondensstreifen eine durchschnittliche optische Dicke im sichtbaren Spektralbereich von 0,1 abgeschaetzt. Daraus ergibt sich am Oberrand der Atmosphaere ein mittlerer auf Kondensstreifen zurueckzufuehrender Strahlungsantrieb zwischen 0,03 W/m{sup 2} und 0,08 W/m{sup 2}, was eine Groessenordnung unter den Ergebnissen bisheriger Studien liegt. Die hoechsten Jahresmittel mit mehr als 0,12 W

Reduction of energy consumption and reduction of galvanisation fluid loss by means of innovative galvanisation drums made of novel materials and with novel geomentries. Final report; Senkung des Energieverbrauches und Verringerung der Galvanisierbadverschleppung durch die Entwicklung von innovativen Galvanisiertrommeln aus neuen Werkstoffen mit neuer Geometrie. Abschlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tscherwitschke, R.

2003-09-01

The project intended to develop a galvanizing drum with higher efficiency (30 percent) without inducing limitations, either by reducing the exposure time at identical energy consumption or by permitting a higher coating rate at higher energy consumption. Developments during the last 50 years have been unsatisfactory in this field. (orig.) [German] Ziel des Projektes war, eine Galvanisiertrommel zu entwickeln, die ohne sonstige Einschraenkung eine signifikante Leistungssteigerung erbringt, konkret bei gleichem Energie-Einsatz (V x A) die Expositionszeit beim Galvanisierprozess reduziert oder bei gleichem Energie-Einsatz ein groesseres Warenvolumen mit der gleichen Schichtdicke, galvanisch beschichtet. Angestrebte Effizienzsteierung war 30%. In der gleichen Groessenordnung sollte eine Energieeinsparung einhergehen. In den letzten 50 Jahren gab es nur eine Entwicklung in diese Richtung, die sich aus einer Reihe von Gruenden nicht dauerhaft durchgesetzt hat. (orig.)

Chinese vegetative materia medica in a venereological treatise by Jean Astruc from 1740.

Science.gov (United States)

Drobnik, Jacek

2016-07-01

Historical medical sources can be still queried for forgotten cures and remedies. Traditional Chinese medicine has dealt with lues venerea (syphilis) since the Five Dynasties period (10th century). Chinese indigenous materia medica and remedies recorded, studied or imported by the Europeans can reveal known or quite unknown medicinal plants. The studied Jean Astruc's work is a published ethnopharmacological survey carried out in Beijing in the 1730s and it deserves a modern interpretation. This is the first proposal to identify historical Chinese medicinal plants listed in a scarcely known medical treatise De Morbis venereis… ('On venereal diseases…') by Jean Astruc from 1740. I searched for the current uses and position of the taxonomically identified herbal stock in both traditional Chinese and official medical knowledge, with special attention to syphilis. Chinese names of drugs and their botanical identities (originally expressed by means of pre-Linnaean polynomials, and now interpreted as accepted binomials) were independently cross-checked with younger till most recent taxonomical and ethnopharmacological sources. Plants and drugs identified this way were queried for their modern applications in traditional Chinese and official medicine with special attention to sexually transmitted diseases (STD) and other uses which are similar to the 18th-century understanding of venereology. For 24 items of medicinal stock, 34 medicinal plants have been identified or suspected: Acacia catechu, Achyranthes bidentata, Akebia quinata, Angelica dahurica, A. sinensis, Aquilaria sinensis, Aralia cordata, Aristolochia fangchi, Chaenomeles sinensis, Ch. speciosa, Clematis vitalba, Coix lacryma-jobi, Commiphora myrrha, Cydonia oblonga, Daemonorops draco, D. jenkinsiana, Dictamnus dasycarpus, Dryobalanops sumatrensis, Forsythia suspensa, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Lonicera confusa, L. hypoglauca, L. japonica, Ligusticum striatum (=L. chuanxiong), Piper kadsura, Pterocarpus

"Der unvermeidliche Goethe" : Alexander Lernet-Holenias "Der wahre Werther" im Kontext der neueren "Werther"-Rezeption

OpenAIRE

Hamacher, Bernd

2008-01-01

Lernet-Holenias „Wahrer Werther“ (1959) ist eine Montage: Der größte Teil des Buches besteht aus einer Wiedergabe der 1774 anonym erschienenen ersten Fassung von Goethes »Leiden des jungen Werthers«. Vorangestellt ist eine aus Heinrich Gloëls Buch »Goethes Wetzlarer Zeit« (1911) kompilierte Einleitung, in der die stofflich-biographischen Hintergründe des Romans aus Goethes Wetzlarer Zeit erzählt werden. Die Montage belegt, dass die Gegenreaktion gegen den „Werther“ auch in der Mitte des 20. J...

Verfassung, Vertrag, Europa: polnische und tschechische Überlegungen zur institutionellen Reform der EU und zur inhaltlichen Ausrichtung der europäischen Integration

OpenAIRE

Lang, Kai-Olaf

2007-01-01

Polen und die Tschechische Republik sind die beiden einzigen EU-Mitgliedstaaten aus Ostmitteleuropa, die den Vertrag über eine Verfassung für Europa (VVE) nicht ratifiziert haben. Während in beiden Ländern lange Zeit nicht mehr über das Schicksal des VVE diskutiert wurde, belebt sich seit Januar 2007 die Aussprache über mögliche Wege aus der Verfassungskrise. Dabei haben bislang eher die Denker als die Lenker der Außen- und Europapolitik darüber nachgedacht, wie das Verfassungspatt aus Sicht ...

Utility of 18F-fluoro-deoxyglucose emission tomography/computed tomography fusion imaging (18F-FDG PET/CT) in combination with ultrasonography for axillary staging in primary breast cancer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ueda, Shigeto; Ishida, Jiro; Abe, Yoshiyuki; Mochizuki, Hidetaka; Tsuda, Hitoshi; Asakawa, Hideki; Omata, Jiro; Fukatsu, Kazuhiko; Kondo, Nobuo; Kondo, Tadaharu; Hama, Yukihiro; Tamura, Katsumi

2008-01-01

Accurate evaluation of axillary lymph node (ALN) involvement is mandatory before treatment of primary breast cancer. The aim of this study is to compare preoperative diagnostic accuracy between positron emission tomography/computed tomography with 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose ( 18 F-FDG PET/CT) and axillary ultrasonography (AUS) for detecting ALN metastasis in patients having operable breast cancer, and to assess the clinical management of axillary 18 F-FDG PET/CT for therapeutic indication of sentinel node biopsy (SNB) and preoperative systemic chemotherapy (PSC). One hundred eighty-three patients with primary operable breast cancer were recruited. All patients underwent 18 F-FDG PET/CT and AUS followed by SNB and/or ALN dissection (ALND). Using 18 F-FDG PET/CT, we studied both a visual assessment of 18 F-FDG uptake and standardized uptake value (SUV) for axillary staging. In a visual assessment of 18 F-FDG PET/CT, the diagnostic accuracy of ALN metastasis was 83% with 58% in sensitivity and 95% in specificity, and when cut-off point of SUV was set at 1.8, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 36, 100, and 79%, respectively. On the other hand, the diagnostic accuracy of AUS was 85% with 54% in sensitivity and 99% in specificity. By the combination of 18 F-FDG PET/CT and AUS to the axilla, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 64, 94, and 85%, respectively. If either 18 F-FDG PET uptake or AUS was positive in allixa, the probability of axillary metastasis was high; 50% (6 of 12) in 18 F-FDG PET uptake only, 80% (4 of 5) in AUS positive only, and 100% (28 of 28) in dual positive. By the combination of AUS and 18 F-FDG PET/CT, candidates of SNB were more appropriately selected. The axillary 18 F-FDG uptake was correlated with the maximum size and nuclear grade of metastatic foci (p = 0.006 and p = 0.03). The diagnostic accuracy of 18 F-FDG PET/CT was shown to be nearly equal to ultrasound, and considering their limited sensitivities, the high radiation

Distribuição por gênero de ácido úrico sérico e fatores de risco cardiovascular: estudo populacional

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sérgio Lamego Rodrigues

2012-01-01

Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: Não há dados relativos à epidemiologia da hiperuricemia em estudos brasileiros de base populacional. OBJETIVO: Investigar a distribuição de ácido úrico sérico e sua relação com variáveis demográficas e cardiovasculares. MÉTODOS: Estudamos 1.346 indivíduos. A hiperuricemia foi definida como > 6,8 e > 5,4 mg/dL para homens e mulheres, respectivamente. A síndrome metabólica (SM foi definida utilizando-se os critérios NCEP ATP III. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de hiperuricemia foi de 13,2%. A associação de ácido úrico sérico (AUS com fatores de risco cardiovasculares foi específica para o gênero: em mulheres, maiores níveis de AUS estiveram associados com IMC elevado, mesmo após ajustes da pressão arterial sistólica para idade (PAS. Em homens, a relação do AUS com o colesterol HDL esteve mediada pelo IMC, enquanto em mulheres, o AUS mostrou-se semelhante e dependente do IMC, independentemente dos níveis glicose e presença de hipertensão. Nos homens, os triglicerídeos, a circunferência abdominal (CA e a PAS explicaram 11%, 4% e 1% da variabilidade do AUS, respectivamente. Nas mulheres, a circunferência abdominal e os triglicerídeos explicaram 9% e 1% da variabilidade de AUS, respectivamente. Em comparação com o primeiro quartil, homens e mulheres no quarto quartil apresentavam 3,29 e 4,18 vezes mais de aumento de risco de SM, respectivamente. As mulheres apresentaram uma prevalência quase três vezes maior de diabetes melito. Homens normotensos com MS apresentaram maiores níveis de AUS, independente do IMC. CONCLUSÃO: Nossos resultados parecem justificar a necessidade de uma avaliação baseada no gênero em relação à associação do AUS com fatores de risco cardiovasculares, que se mostraram mais acentuados em mulheres. A SM esteve positivamente associada com AUS elevado, independentemente do gênero. A obesidade abdominal e a hipertrigliceridemia foram os principais fatores associados com a

Model non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations of heat transfer from a hot gold surface to an alkylthiolate self-assembled monolayer.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Yue; Barnes, George L; Yan, Tianying; Hase, William L

2010-05-07

Model non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are presented of heat transfer from a hot Au {111} substrate to an alkylthiolate self-assembled monolayer (H-SAM) to assist in obtaining an atomic-level understanding of experiments by Wang et al. (Z. Wang, J. A. Carter, A. Lagutchev, Y. K. Koh, N.-H. Seong, D. G. Cahill, and D. D. Dlott, Science, 2007, 317, 787). Different models are considered to determine how they affect the heat transfer dynamics. They include temperature equilibrated (TE) and temperature gradient (TG) thermostat models for the Au(s) surface, and soft and stiff S/Au(s) models for bonding of the S-atoms to the Au(s) surface. A detailed analysis of the non-equilibrium heat transfer at the heterogeneous interface is presented. There is a short time temperature gradient within the top layers of the Au(s) surface. The S-atoms heat rapidly, much faster than do the C-atoms in the alkylthiolate chains. A high thermal conductivity in the H-SAM, perpendicular to the interface, results in nearly identical temperatures for the CH(2) and CH(3) groups versus time. Thermal-induced disorder is analyzed for the Au(s) substrate, the S/Au(s) interface and the H-SAM. Before heat transfer occurs from the hot Au(s) substrate to the H-SAM, there is disorder at the S/Au(s) interface and within the alkylthiolate chains arising from heat-induced disorder near the surface of hot Au(s). The short-time rapid heating of the S-atoms enhances this disorder. The increasing disorder of H-SAM chains with time results from both disorder at the Au/S interface and heat transfer to the H-SAM chains.

Pre-operative and intra-operative detection of axillary lymph node metastases in 108 patients with invasive lobular breast cancer undergoing mastectomy.

Science.gov (United States)

Novak, Jerica; Besic, Nikola; Dzodic, Radan; Gazic, Barbara; Vogrin, Andrej

2018-02-05

Despite the recent changes in the treatment of the axilla in selected breast cancer patient, positive sentinel lymph node (SLN) in patients undergoing mastectomy still necessitates axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). In invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC), pre-operative detection of the lymph node metastasis may be demanding due to its unique morphology. The aim of this study was to examine the benefit of preoperative axillary ultrasound (AUS), ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (US-FNAB), and intra-operative imprint cytology (IIC), in order to avoid two-stage axillary surgery in patients with ILC undergoing mastectomy. The object of this study were 102 patients (median age 52, range 34-73 years) with clinically non-suspicious axilla in whom 108 mastectomies were performed after a pre-operative AUS investigation. Whenever a metastasis was detected in a sentinel lymph node, ALND was done. Reports of the pre-operative AUS investigation, US-FNAB, and IIC were compared with definitive histopathological reports of surgical specimens. In 46 cases lymph node metastases were diagnosed. AUS suspicious lymph nodes were found in 29/108 cases and histopathology confirmed metastases in 22/30 cases. US-FNAB was performed in 29 cases with AUS suspicious lymph nodes. Cytology proved metastases in 11/29 cases. Histopathology confirmed metastases in 10/11 cases with only isolated tumor cells found in one case. IIC investigation was performed in 63 cases and in 10/27 cases metastases were confirmed by histopathology. Pre-operative AUS, US-FNAB, and/or IIC investigation enabled ALND during a single surgical procedure in 20/46 patients with metastases in lymph nodes. Pre-operative AUS, US-FNAB, and/or IIC are/is beneficial in patients with ILC planned for mastectomy in order to decrease the number of two stage axillary procedures.

A large parasitengonid mite (Acari, Erythraeoidea from the Early Cretaceous Crato Formation of Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

J. A. Dunlop

2007-08-01

Full Text Available A new large, fossil mite (Arachnida: Acari, Pararainbowia martilli n. gen. n. sp., is described from the Early Cretaceous (Aptian Crato Formation from Ceará State, Brazil. It is assigned to the Cohort Parasitengona and the superfamily Erythraeoidea, some extant members of which can reach up to seven millimetres in body length. Given that doubts have been raised about the identity of putative Crato feather mite eggs, this new fossil represents the first unequivocal record of Acari from the Crato Formation, the first non-amber record of an erythraeoid mite and the oldest named example of this superfamily. Fossil erythraeoids from Mesozoic and Tertiary ambers are briefly reviewed – including a widely overlooked Late Cretaceous species – with comments on Mesozoic mites in general. Thirteen Baltic amber erythraeoids have been formally described, but much unstudied material from various amber sources remains. Ein neues großes Milbenfossil (Arachnida: Acari, Pararainbowia martilli n. gen. n. sp., wird aus der Crato Formation (Unterkreide, Aptium des Ceará Gebietes in Brasilien beschrieben. Es wird der Kohorte Parasitengona und der Überfamilie Erythraeoidea zugeordnet; die modernen Vertreter erreichen eine Körperlänge bis zu sieben mm. Weil die Identität von Federmilbeneiern aus der Crato Formation in Frage gestellt wurde, ist dieser Neufund der erste klare Hinweis von Acari aus der Crato Formation. Es ist die erste erythraeoide Milbe, die nicht aus dem Bernstein stammt sowie das älteste genannte Beispiel dieser Überfamilie. Fossile erythraeoide Milben aus dem Bernstein des Mesozoikum und des Tertiärs werden kurz zusammengefasst – u. a. eine weitgehend übersehene Art aus der Oberkreide – mit allgemeinen Anmerkungen zu den mesozoischen Milben. Dreizehn erythraeoide Milbenarten sind aus dem baltischen Bernstein genannt und beschrieben worden, aber weiteres unbearbeitetes Material von verschiedenen Bernstein-Fundpunkten liegt noch vor

Effizienz der Rebiopsie der Prostata: Untersuchungen von Transitionalzonen- und lateralen Biopsien

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Fink KG

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Zweck dieser Untersuchung war es, die Effizienz von Transitionalzonenbiopsien und von Biopsien der lateralen Anteile der Prostata zur Karzinomentdeckung zu untersuchen, nachdem eine vorangegangene Biopsie keinen Tumor finden konnte. Methodik: Wir untersuchten 74 Präparate nach radikaler Prostatektomie und unterzogen diese einer sonographisch gezielten Prostatabiopsie ex vivo. Zuerst erfolgte eine Sextantenbiopsie, dann zwei unterschiedliche Rebiopsien. Rebiopsie-Technik A bestand aus einer lateral plazierten Sextantenbiopsie und zwei Stanzen aus den Transitionalzonen je Seite. Rebiopsie-Technik B bestand aus einer Sextantenbiopsie und zwei Stanzen je Seite aus den lateralen Arealen der Prostata. Ergebnisse: Mit der initialen Sextantenbiopsie konnten 39 Karzinome gefunden werden (53 %. Von den verbliebenen Karzinomen konnten mit der Rebiopsie-Technik A 12 Karzinome gefunden werden. In dieser Gruppe fand eine lateral durchgeführte Sextantenbiopsie 12 Karzinome. Die Transitionalzonenbiopsien waren in 5 Fällen positiv, jedoch konnte kein zusätzlicher Tumor entdeckt werden. Mit der Rebiopsie-Technik B wurden 23 Karzinome gefunden. 14 Tumore enthielten die Stanzen der Sextantenbiopsie. Zusätzliche 9 Tumore waren in den Stanzen aus den lateralen Arealen der Prostata enthalten. Schlußfolgerungen: Eine Standard-Sextantenbiopsie hat eine niedrige Sensitivität von nur 53 %. Eine Biopsie, welche die Transitionalzonen inkludiert, ist nicht geeignet, die verbliebenen Karzinome zu finden. In dieser Studie zeigte die Wiederholung einer Sextantenbiopsie mit zusätzlichen Stanzen aus den lateralen Arealen das beste Ergebnis bei der Rebiopsie.

NCBI nr-aa BLAST: CBRC-TTRU-01-1173 [SEVENS

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available CBRC-TTRU-01-1173 ref|ZP_05865453.1| competence protein [Lactobacillus jensenii SJ-7A-US] gb|EEX27638.1| com...petence protein [Lactobacillus jensenii SJ-7A-US] ZP_05865453.1 0.068 24% ...

Processamento cognitivo relacionado à produção em língua estrangeira e aprendizagem de falantes não-nativos de alemão

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Kelly Stanich

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Aus der Sicht der Neurowissenschaft kann Kognition als ein Wissenserwerb-Prozess definiert werden, der sowohl Informationen aus der Umwelt als auch aus unserem Gedächtnis verwendet. Der Prozess baut auf Perzeption, Aufmerksamkeit, Gedächtnis und Handeln auf und läuft nicht immer bewusst ab. Es handelt sich dabei aber nicht nur um Wissenserwerb, sondern um die Umwandlung all dessen, was vom Lerner anhand seiner Identität und Erfahrungen wahrgenommen wird. Davon ausgehend wird hier ein theoretisches Modell der Wissensverarbeitung im Rahmen der Produktion in einer Fremdsprache vorgestellt, das auf neuen neurowissenschaftlichen Theorien über Gedächtnis, Lernen und die Verarbeitung von Repräsentationen häufiger linguistischer Sequenzen (chunks basiert und mit Daten aus dem Bereich Deutsch als Fremdsprache illustriert wird. Aus dem Modell ergibt sich, dass theoretisches Wissen über eine Fremdsprache und die Fähigkeit, die Sprache erfolgreich zu verwenden, als einander ergänzende, während des Lernprozesses miteinander interagierende Fähigkeiten anzusehen sind, und nicht als zwei Phasen einer durch Lernzeit und Speicherung im Gedächtnis bestimmten einheitlichen Kenntnis, wie von manchen Autoren vorgeschlagen wird.

Anwendungsbeispiel aus der Fahrzeugtechnik

Science.gov (United States)

Mücher, Frank

Im Automobilbau werden zunehmend elektronische Bauelemente eingesetzt. Systeme wie ASR (Antriebs-Schlupf-Regelung), ABS (Anti-Blockier-System) und ESP (Elektronisches Stabilitäts-Programm) steigern die Traktion und verbessern die aktive Sicherheit eines Fahrzeugs. Aktive Federelemente und schaltbare Dämpfer erhöhen nicht nur den Komfort, sondern verbessern auch die Fahrsicherheit. Mit elektrischen Lenkungen greift man direkt in das Zusammenspiel zwischen Fahrer und Fahrzeug ein (WHH04).

Verbundwerkstoffe aus der Walze

CERN Multimedia

Beier, Ernst

2003-01-01

In the LHC of CERN, phenomena which can appear collisions of protons must be examined in the future. In this way, conditions which reigned in the first moments of the universe are reproduced. The particles are accelerated in tubes made of a tubular assembly of special steel and copper

Genome-Wide Association Mapping for Intelligence in Military Working Dogs: Canine Cohort, Canine Intelligence Assessment Regimen, Genome-Wide Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Typing, and Unsupervised Classification Algorithm for Genome-Wide Association Data Analysis

Science.gov (United States)

2011-09-01

SNP Array v2. A ‘proof-of-concept’ advanced data mining algorithm for unsupervised analysis of genome-wide association study (GWAS) dataset was... Opal F AUS Yes U141 Peggs F AUS Yes U142 Taxi F AUS Yes U143 Riso MI MAL Yes U144 Szarik MI GSD Yes U145 Astor MI MAL Yes U146 Roy MC MAL Yes... mining of genetic studies in general, and especially GWAS. As a proof-of-concept, a classification analysis of the WG SNP typing dataset of a

Atomphysik für Höhlenmenschen und andere Anfänger das Universum von innen : Moleküle, Atome und Elementarteilchen

CERN Document Server

Beetz, Jürgen

2016-01-01

Jürgen Beetz zeigt zuerst den Ursprung der erdachten Geschichten der Physik aus der Steinzeit, denn vieles ist so einfach, dass es schon Steinzeitmenschen hätten verstehen können. Im Anschluss daran erklärt der Autor den Aufbau von Atomen und sagt etwas zu ihren physikalischen Größen aus. Obwohl „Atom“ eigentlich „unteilbar“ bedeutet, bestehen Atome dennoch aus Teilen – dies erläutert er im Weiteren genau. Schließlich bespricht er die geheimnisvollen „Quanten“ und ihr merkwürdiges Verhalten.

About LTCC materials in the substance system of CaO-La{sub 2}O{sub 3}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-B{sub 2}O{sub 3}; Ueber LTCC-Werkstoffe aus dem Stoffsystem CaO-La{sub 2}O{sub 3}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-B{sub 2}O{sub 3}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gemeinert, Marion

2009-09-01

crystalline phases lanthanum borate and calcium alumoborate oxide were prepared and characterized separately. The sintering and crystallisation behaviour as well as the thermal and dielectric properties of the glass ceramic composites were investigated in dependence of the developed glasses, the volume relation of glassy and crystalline components of the composite powder and the sintering temperature. The developed LTCC-materials were adapted to a chosen material for the outer layers of a selfconstrained laminate referring to their thermal properties (thermal expansion coefficient: ca 5 x 10{sup -6}/K, permittivity: ca 7, dielectric loss factor: {<=}1 x 10{sup -3}). To control the suitability of the developed material it was used for the inner layers of a LTCC multilayer. The lateral shrinkage of the multilayer during sintering was reduced to <0,4%. (orig.) [German] Glaskeramische Komposite, deren Herstellung von Glas- und kristallinen Pulvern ausgeht, bieten vielfaeltige Moeglichkeiten, Werkstoffeigenschaften, wie z.B. Sinterverhalten, thermische Dehnung, mechanische Eigenschaften, chemische Bestaendigkeit, dielektrische Eigenschaften und Oberflaechenqualitaet fuer spezielle Anwendungszwecke gezielt einzustellen. Glaskeramische Kompositpulver koennen zu Folien verarbeitet werden, aus denen mittels der LTCC (Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramics)- Technologie keramische Multilayer hergestellt werden, die insbesondere fuer das Electronic Packaging von Mikrosystemen eingesetzt werden. Problematisch ist die beim freien Sintern der LTCC-Multilayer auftretende laterale Schwindung, die von relativ hohen Schwindungstoleranzen begleitet ist. Zur Vermeidung der lateralen Schwindung werden Zero Shrinkage-Techniken eingesetzt. Eine neue Moeglichkeit Zero Shrinkage beim Sintern von LTCC-Multilayern zu erreichen, besteht in der Anwendung eines self-constrained Laminates. Hierbei wird ein Multilayer eingesetzt, der aus zwei unterschiedlichen Folienarten fuer innere und aeussere Lagen mit

[Herzog...] / Jacek Wijaczka

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Wijaczka, Jacek

2003-01-01

Rets. rmt.: Herzog Albrecht von Preussen und Livland (1540-1551). Regesten aus dem Herzoglichen Briefarchiv und den Ostpreussischen Folianteen. Köln-Weimar-Wien : Stefan Hartmann Böhlau-Verlag, 2002 (Veröffentlichungen aus dem Archiven Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Bd. 54)

On the origin of the Korteweg-de Vries equation

NARCIS (Netherlands)

de Jager, E.M.; Baierl, R.

2011-01-01

A. Honorary colloquium "Rudolf Gorenflo. Fluids from a fractional viewpoint". B. Hans Gebelein's turbulence from a stochastic viewpoint, waves of Korteweg and de Vries, cellular diffusion, etc. (A. Festkolloquium ``Rudolf Gorenflo. Fluide aus fraktionaler Sicht". B. Hans Gebeleins Turbulenz aus

Integratives versus traditionelles Lernen aus Sicht der Studierenden [Integrative vs. Traditional Learning from the Student Perspective

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kadmon, Guni

2011-05-01

CuMed beinhaltet interaktive, fallbasierte Kleingruppenseminare, Fertigkeiten- und Kommunikationstraining, Problem-orientiertes Lernen, studentische Fallbearbeitungen und -präsentationen sowie Unterricht am Krankenbett. Die Dozenten werden didaktisch geschult. Das vorangegangene traditionelle Curriculum basierte dagegen auf Vorlesungen und lediglich zwei Wochenstunden praktischen Unterrichts am Krankenbett. Ziel: Die vorliegende Arbeit analysiert den Beitrag didaktischer Merkmale des traditionellen und Reformcurriculums sowie der aktiven Mitarbeit der Studierenden zum Lernerfolg aus Sicht der Studierenden. Methode: Differenzierte studentische Evaluationen der chirurgischen Lehrveranstaltungen zwischen 1999 and 2008 wurden mittels Korrelations- und Regressionsanalysen untersucht.Ergebnisse: Das Engagement der Dozenten, ihre Fähigkeit, Interesse zu wecken und Kompliziertes verständlich zu erklären, der Beitrag des Unterrichts zum Lernzuwachs, die Unterrichtsqualität und besonders die geförderte Mitarbeit wurden in HeiCuMed signifikant besser bewertet als im traditionellen Curriculum. Die Abhängigkeit des subjektiven Lernzuwachses von der didaktischen Qualität war hingegen in beiden Curricula gleich. Die geförderte studentische Mitarbeit erwies sich als wichtig für den subjektiven Lernzuwachs in den Seminaren und Praktika von HeiCuMed und für die evaluierte Qualität der Praktika aber nicht für den Lernzuwachs im traditionellen Curriculum. Schlussfolgerung: Die Ergebnisse stehen im Einklang mit psychologisch-pädagogischen Erkenntnissen, dass integrative Lehrmethoden mehr zum Lehr- und Lernerfolg beitragen als der passive Wissenstransfer durch die traditionelle Vorlesung, und belegen die wichtige Bedeutung der didaktischen Kompetenz für den Lehrerfolg.

Evaluation of faba beans ( Vicia faba cv. Fiord) and sweet lupins ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Evaluation of faba beans ( Vicia faba cv. Fiord) and sweet lupins ( Lupizus albus cv. Kiev) as protein sources for ... P igsi n the metabolisrna ndN balance trial consurned5 % less( P < 0.01)o 1'thel upind ietc omparedto the fabab eand iet (l 370 vs. | 440 gld).N o significandt ift'erenceisn the digestiblee nergy( DE) contenta nd ...

Milch, Milchprodukte, Analoge und Speiseeis

Science.gov (United States)

Coors, Ursula

Die Produktpalette Milch und Erzeugnisse aus Milch beinhaltet Konsummilch, die aus Milch oder Bestandteilen der Milch hergestellten Milcherzeugnisse wie Sauermilch-, Joghurt-, Kefir-, Buttermilch-, Sahne-, Kondensmilch-, Trockenmilch- und Molkenerzeugnisse, Milchmisch- und Molkenmischprodukte (Produkte mit beigegebenen Lebensmitteln), Milchzucker, Milcheiweißerzeugnisse, Milchfette und Käse.

Bildanalyse in Medizin und Biologie

Science.gov (United States)

Athelogou, Maria; Schönmeyer, Ralf; Schmidt, Günther; Schäpe, Arno; Baatz, Martin; Binnig, Gerd

Heutzutage sind bildgebende Verfahren aus medizinischen Untersuchungen nicht mehr wegzudenken. Diverse Methoden - basierend auf dem Einsatz von Ultraschallwellen, Röntgenstrahlung, Magnetfeldern oder Lichtstrahlen - werden dabei spezifisch eingesetzt und liefern umfangreiches Datenmaterial über den Körper und sein Inneres. Anhand von Mikroskopieaufnahmen aus Biopsien können darüber hinaus Daten über die morphologische Eigenschaften von Körpergeweben gewonnen werden. Aus der Analyse all dieser unterschiedlichen Arten von Informationen und unter Konsultation weiterer klinischer Untersuchungen aus diversen medizinischen Disziplinen kann unter Berücksichtigung von Anamnesedaten ein "Gesamtbild“ des Gesundheitszustands eines Patienten erstellt werden. Durch die Flut der erzeugten Bilddaten kommt der Bildverarbeitung im Allgemeinen und der Bildanalyse im Besonderen eine immer wichtigere Rolle zu. Gerade im Bereich der Diagnoseunterstützung, der Therapieplanung und der bildgeführten Chirurgie bilden sie Schlüsseltechnologien, die den Forschritt nicht nur auf diesen Gebieten maßgeblich vorantreiben.

Site profiles of low-volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons - cause-oriented monitoring in aquatic media. Vol.2. Low-volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons in surface water, sediments, suspended matter and fish of the Elbe river and its tributaries; Standortprofile schwerfluechtiger chlorierter Kohlenwasserstoffe (SCKW) - ursachenorientiertes Monitoring in aquatischen Medien. Bd. 2. SCKW in Oberflaechenwasser, Sediment, Schwebstoffen und Fischen aus der Elbe und Nebenfluessen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Heinisch, E.; Kettrup, A.; Gebefuegi, I.; Martens, D.; Bergheim, W.; Wenzel, S.

2001-07-01

Evaluating the primary data from ARGE ELBE, LAU Halle/Saale and the Environmental Specimen Banking (Umweltprobenbank) as well from publications from the Czech Republic (CHMU) the concentrations of the following low volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons were established for surface water, sediment, breams and eels from the rivers Elbe, Schwarze Elster, Mulde and Saale partly from 1989 till 1999: DDT and its metabolites DDE and DDD, partly as 2,4'- and 4,4' isomers; HCH ({alpha}-, {beta}-, {gamma}- and {delta} isomers); chlorinated benzenes with 1-6 Cl atoms and octachlorostyrene. The data evaluated were drawn up into tables - comprehensive in a separate supplement, in short versions within the text - and consolidated into graphs. Aim of the paper was a cause-oriented monitoring. The by far most important emission sources, found from the distance and time profiles as well as from special assessments of the substance patterns, were chemical plants. (orig.) [German] Durch Auswertung von Primaerdaten der ARGE ELBE, des LAU Halle/Saale und der Umweltprobenbank sowie von Publikationen aus Tschechien (CHMU) wurden fuer Oberflaechenwasser, Sediment, Brassen/Bleien und Aale aus der Elbe, Schwarzen Elster, Mulde und Saale fuer die Jahre von z.T. 1989 bis 1999 die Konzentrationen der folgenden schwerfluechtigen Kohlenwasserstoffe (SCKW) ermittelt: DDT und seine Metabolite DDE und DDD, z.T. als 2,4'- und 4,4'-Isomere; HCH ({alpha}-, {beta}-, {gamma}- und {delta}-Isomere); chlorierte Benzole mit 1-6 Cl-Atomen und Octachlorstyrol. Die ausgewerteten Daten wurden zu Tabellen - ausfuehrlich in einem gesonderten Tabellenanhang und verkuerzt im Textteil - zusammengestellt sowie zu Grafiken verdichtet. Ziel der Arbeit war ein ursachenorientiertes Monitoring. Als mit Abstand wesentlichste Emissionsquellen konnten anhand von Streckenprofilen und Zeitrastern sowie durch spezielle Auswertungen der Stoffmusterverteilungen Chemibetriebe ermittelt werden. (orig.)

Assessing the activity of perianal Crohn's disease: comparison of clinical indices and computer-assisted anal ultrasound.

Science.gov (United States)

Losco, Alessandra; Viganò, Chiara; Conte, Dario; Cesana, Bruno Mario; Basilisco, Guido

2009-05-01

Assessing perianal disease activity is important for the treatment and prognosis of Crohn's disease (CD) patients, but the diagnostic accuracy of the activity indices has not yet been established. The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy and agreement of the Fistula Drainage Assessment (FDA), Perianal Disease Activity Index (PDAI), and computer-assisted anal ultrasound imaging (AUS). Sixty-two consecutive patients with CD and perianal fistulae underwent clinical, FDA, PDAI, and AUS evaluation. Perianal disease was considered active in the presence of visible fistula drainage and/or signs of local inflammation (induration and pain at digital compression) upon clinical examination. The AUS images were analyzed by calculating the mean gray-scale tone of the lesion. The PDAI and gray-scale tone values discriminating active and inactive perianal disease were defined using receiver operating characteristics statistics. Perianal disease was active in 46 patients. The accuracy of the FDA was 87% (confidence interval [CI]: 76%-94%). A PDAI of >4 and a mean gray-scale tone value of 117 maximized sensitivity and specificity; their diagnostic accuracy was, respectively, 87% (CI: 76%-94%) and 81% (CI: 69%-90%). The agreement of the 3 evaluations was fair to moderate. The addition of AUS to the PDAI or FDA increased their diagnostic accuracy to respectively 95% and 98%. The diagnostic accuracy of the FDA, PDAI, and computer-assisted AUS imaging was good in assessing perianal disease activity in patients with CD. The agreement between the techniques was fair to moderate. Overall accuracy can be increased by combining the FDA or PDAI with AUS.

La ausencia del padre y su repercusión en el desarrollo del niño y del adolescente : un estudio de caso

OpenAIRE

Eizirik, Mariana; Bergmann, David Simon

2004-01-01

A ausência paterna durante o desenvolvimento da criança e do adolescente é um tema complexo, com grandes possibilidades para estudo. É feita uma revisão da literatura a respeito do tema. Discute-se a influência da ausência paterna no desenvolvimento emocional, cognitivo e comportamental da criança e do adolescente. A participação da mãe nessas situações, do ambiente familiar como um todo e dos fatores sociais e econômicos como mediadores das conseqüências da ausência do pai na vida da criança...

O absenteísmo da equipe de enfermagem em unidade de pronto socorro de um hospital universitário

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elisângela Cristina de Campos

2009-06-01

Full Text Available O absenteísmo ou ausentismo é o termo utilizado para caracterizar as ausências dos funcionários ao trabalho.Essas ausências são definidas em previstas e não previstas. Para este estudo especificamos as ausênciasprevistas como folgas, feriados e férias e para as não previstas ficam as faltas, licenças medicas, nojo e outraslicenças. O objetivo foi investigar o real numero de ausências dos técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem de umPronto Socorro de um Hospital Universitário do interior do estado de São Paulo para definir o Índice deSegurança Técnica-IST. Foi utilizada metodologia quantitativa descritiva, e a coleta de dados feita de janeiro de2006 a junho de 2007, a partir de arquivos administrativos após autorização do serviço. Entre os principaisachados encontramos um IST cuja média gira em torno de 51%. Concluímos que, embora próximo, estáligeiramente superior ao encontrado em outra realidade de Hospital Universitário. Entre as ausências nãoprevistas, destacam-se as licenças médicas, que podem estar relacionadas à sobrecarga da equipe.

Prey diversity for Three Species Herons in Pulau Dua Nature Reserve Serang Distrik, Banten Province

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

DEWI ELFIDASARI

2006-10-01

Full Text Available The diversity of prey consumed by three species herons (Casmerodius albus, Egretta garzetta and Bubulcus ibis was studied in Pulau Dua Nature Reserve Serang, Banten Province using video tapes by following a focal individual for five minutes. In the laboratory the film was analysed every minutes to select complete sequences of feeding behavior in foraging site. There were differences on diversity and size of prey that consumed by three species herons among the different feeding locations. Casmerodius albus which was feeding on mudflat and fisheries consumed Chanos chanos (15.6%, Oreochromis sp (9.4% and Periophtalmus sp. (7.3%, and 36.5% couldn’t be identified. Egretta garzetta was feeding on mudflat, fisheries and rice-field, consumed Periophtalmus sp (15.4%, Mugil dussumeieri (7.9%, Chanos chanos (4.7%, Oreochromis sp (0.5%, including small frog and crustacean (0.5%. Bubulcus ibis was feeding on rice-field and grassland, consumed many variety of insects (92 % and many variety of snail (1.9% in their diet. The insects that B. ibis consumed including grasshopper (26.8%, caterpillar (0.9% and other invertebrates (worm, crustacean that could not be identified (64.3%.

Morphology-diet relationships in four killifishes (Teleostei, Cyprinodontidae, Orestias) from Lake Titicaca.

Science.gov (United States)

Maldonado, E; Hubert, N; Sagnes, P; De Mérona, B

2009-02-01

This study explores the relationship between morphology and diet in four Andean killifishes (Orestias) from Lake Titicaca that are known to differ in habitat use. Species that fed preferentially on amphipods (Orestias albus) or molluscs (Orestias luteus) separated in multivariate space from other species that feed on cladocera and algae (Orestias agassii and Orestias jussiei). Generally, specimens feeding on cladocera were characterized by a short, blunt nose with a small mouth; whereas, specimens feeding on amphipods exhibited a long snout with a large mouth. Specimens including molluscs in their diet tended to have a larger posterior part of the head and the larger opercles than others; while the occurrence of substratum in gut content was generally related to a short but deep head. The present analysis suggests that the littoral O. jussiei has an intermediate phenotype and diet between the pelagic (O. agassii) and benthic (O. albus and O. luteus) species. Results suggest that resource partitioning was occurring and that several morphological traits relate to characteristics of the diet, and it is inferred that the benthic, the pelagic and the littoral zones in the lake host different prey communities constituting distinct adaptive landscapes.

Utility of 18F-fluoro-deoxyglucose emission tomography/computed tomography fusion imaging (18F-FDG PET/CT in combination with ultrasonography for axillary staging in primary breast cancer

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tamura Katsumi

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Accurate evaluation of axillary lymph node (ALN involvement is mandatory before treatment of primary breast cancer. The aim of this study is to compare preoperative diagnostic accuracy between positron emission tomography/computed tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG PET/CT and axillary ultrasonography (AUS for detecting ALN metastasis in patients having operable breast cancer, and to assess the clinical management of axillary 18F-FDG PET/CT for therapeutic indication of sentinel node biopsy (SNB and preoperative systemic chemotherapy (PSC. Methods One hundred eighty-three patients with primary operable breast cancer were recruited. All patients underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT and AUS followed by SNB and/or ALN dissection (ALND. Using 18F-FDG PET/CT, we studied both a visual assessment of 18F-FDG uptake and standardized uptake value (SUV for axillary staging. Results In a visual assessment of 18F-FDG PET/CT, the diagnostic accuracy of ALN metastasis was 83% with 58% in sensitivity and 95% in specificity, and when cut-off point of SUV was set at 1.8, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 36, 100, and 79%, respectively. On the other hand, the diagnostic accuracy of AUS was 85% with 54% in sensitivity and 99% in specificity. By the combination of 18F-FDG PET/CT and AUS to the axilla, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 64, 94, and 85%, respectively. If either 18F-FDG PET uptake or AUS was positive in allixa, the probability of axillary metastasis was high; 50% (6 of 12 in 18F-FDG PET uptake only, 80% (4 of 5 in AUS positive only, and 100% (28 of 28 in dual positive. By the combination of AUS and 18F-FDG PET/CT, candidates of SNB were more appropriately selected. The axillary 18F-FDG uptake was correlated with the maximum size and nuclear grade of metastatic foci (p = 0.006 and p = 0.03. Conclusion The diagnostic accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT was shown to be nearly equal to ultrasound, and considering their

Development of permeable fracture zones for exploitation of geothermal energy from hot dry rock systems; Erschliessung permeabler Risszonen fuer die Gewinnung geothermischer Energie aus heissen Tiefengesteinen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jung, R [Bundesanstalt fuer Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Hannover (Germany); Baumgaertner, J [SOCOMINE, Soultz-sous-Forets (France); Rummel, F [Bochum Univ. (Germany); Tenzer, H [Stadtwerke Bad Urach (Germany)

1997-12-01

The article describes the main results of the European Hot-Dry-Rock Project Soultz of the last 2 years. After a series of successful stimulation experiments and single-well hydraulic tests in the first deep well GPK1 (3590 m) in the previous project period the second deep well GPK2 (3876 m) was drilled during the winter 1994/95 in order to complete the doublet-system. Through the second well successfully penetrated the southern wing of the fracture system created in GPK1 the hydraulic connection was poor and a massive stimulation test had to be performed in GPK2 too. During this test a fracture system of about 1 km{sup 2} in size was stimulated in the depth range below 3200 m. This fracture system overlaps and penetrates the fracture system of borehole GPK1. (orig./AKF) [Deutsch] Der Artikel beschreibt die wesentlichen Ergebnisse des Hot-Dry-Rock Projekts Soultz der letzten beiden Jahre. Nach den erfolgreichen Einbohrloch-Tests in der Bohrung GPK1 in der vorangehenden Projektphase, bei denen ein ca. 1,5 km{sup 2} grosses kuenstliches Risssystem geschaffen wurde, aus dem infolge eines hydraulischen Anschlusses an grossraeumige permeable Stoerungszonen beachtliche Produktionsraten erzielt werden konnten, wurde im Winter 1994/95 die zweite Tiefbohrung GPK2 abgeteuft, um das Dublettensystem zu komplettieren. Trotz des erfolgreichen Abteufens der zweiten Bohrung in den Suedfluegel des bestehenden Risssystems, erwies sich der hydraulische Anschluss zunaechst als unzureichend, so dass ein massiver Stimulationstest in der neuen Bohrung angesetzt werden musste. Bei diesem Test wurden im Teufenbereich unterhalb 3200 m ein ca. 1 km{sup 2} grosses Risssystem erzeugt, das das Risssystem der Bohrung GPK1 ueberlappt und teilweise durchdringt. (orig./AKF)

Ein kurzer Überblick über die Geschichte der Fledermausforschung

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Eisentraut, M.

1970-01-01

Es ist das hohe Verdienst unserer Kollegen aus der CSSR, den Anstoss zu einem Zusammentreffen und einer engeren Zusammenarbeit der Chiropteren-Forscher aus aller Welt gegeben zu haben. Sie ergriffen, wie Sie wissen, die Initiative und luden 1968 zu der ersten internationalen Tagung in ihr Land ein.

Phytoremediation of Pharmaceuticals - Preliminary Study

OpenAIRE

Kotyza, J. (Jan); Soudek, P. (Petr); Kafka, Z.; Vaněk, T. (Tomáš)

2010-01-01

Phytoremediation of selected pharmaceuticals (diclofenac, ibuprofen, and acetaminophen) using Armoracia rusticana and Linum usitatissimum cell cultures and by hydroponically cultivated Lupinus albus, Hordeum vulgaris, and Phragmites australis plants in laboratory conditions is described. During in vitro experiments, the best results for acetaminophen were achieved using Armoracia rusticana hairy root cultures, where 100% of the starting amount was removed from the media during eight days. To...

Parnassiana nova : XVI. Kritische Revision der Gattung Parnassius (Fortsetzung 11)

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Eisner, C.

1957-01-01

Parnassius apollo L. subsp. albus Reb. & Rog. Giebau, f. zirpsi Bryk 1 ♀ Holotype. Zugänge: Domeschau 2 ♂ 1 ♀ ; Grosswasser 3 ♂ 1 ♀ ex c. Hirschke; Würbental 1 ♂ 1 ♀ ex c. Wagner ; Olmütz 2 ♂ 2 ♀ ; Altvater-Gebirge 3 ♂ 1 ♀ ex c. Kammel. Den Fundort Würbental bezeichnet Rebel — auch ihm lagen

Demolition of Munitions Storage Area Facilities. Right Size Project 10-0192C

Science.gov (United States)

2011-07-01

valuable, these resources also provide essential aesthetic, recreational, and socioeconomic benefits to society. The analysis focuses on plant and animal...community type, Ponderosa pine/snowberry, ( pinus ponderosa/symphocarpus albus) is listed as a rare community type by the state of Washington and occurs in...asphalt and/or concrete planned for removal may contain petroleum based materials from leaking equipment parked on these structures. Oils /tars may

Influência da competição intra-específica entre fêmeas e da ausência de hospedeiro no parasitismo de Telenomus remus Nixon (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae sobre ovos de Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae Influence of females intraspecific competition and lack of host on Telenomus remus Nixon (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae parasitism on Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae eggs

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tatiana R. Carneiro

2009-01-01

Full Text Available A competição intraespecífica e a ausência de hospedeiros podem comprometer o sucesso de programas de controle biológico. Assim, este trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito de diferentes densidades de fêmeas (1, 3, 6 e 9 fêmeas/ 100 ovos e da ausência de hospedeiro no parasitismo de Telenomus remus Nixon (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae em ovos de Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae. Observou-se aumento no parasitismo de ovos de S. frugiperda por T. remus a partir da densidade 3 fêmeas/ 100 ovos tanto em condições de laboratório (18% quanto em campo (32%, embora o parasitismo causado por densidades maiores que 1 fêmea/100 ovos não foi significativamente diferente. Todavia, isso não causou superparasitismo. Por outro lado, o número de fêmeas produzidas na progênie diminuiu (39% com a maior densidade de fêmeas sob condições de laboratório. Contudo, não verificou-se diferença significativa sob condições de campo. Mesmo após 9 dias de ausência de hospedeiro não houve redução nos índices de parasitismo, permanecendo em torno de 95 ovos parasitados/fêmea/dia. Todavia, no décimo dia pode-se observar redução (40% no número médio de ovos parasitados. Desse modo, a liberação de três fêmeas por 100 ovos é adequada para se obter elevados níveis de parasitismo.Intraspecific competition and lack of host can affect the success of biological control programs. Thus, this work aimed at evaluating the effect of different densities of females (1, 3, 6, and 9 females/100 eggs and the absence of host in the parasitism of Telenomus remus Nixon (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae on Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae eggs. It was observed an increase in egg parasitism of S. frugiperda by T. remus beyond a density of 3 females/ 100 eggs under laboratory (18% and field (32% conditions, although the parasitism caused by densities greater than 1 female/100 eggs was not significantly different. However

Natural variation of rice blast resistance gene Pi-d2

Science.gov (United States)

Studying natural variation of rice resistance (R) genes in cultivated and wild rice relatives can predict resistance stability to rice blast fungus. In the present study, the protein coding regions of rice R gene Pi-d2 in 35 rice accessions of subgroups, aus (AUS), indica (IND), temperate japonica (...

Speaker and Accent Variation Are Handled Differently: Evidence in Native and Non-Native Listeners

Science.gov (United States)

Kriengwatana, Buddhamas; Terry, Josephine; Chládková, Kateřina; Escudero, Paola

2016-01-01

Listeners are able to cope with between-speaker variability in speech that stems from anatomical sources (i.e. individual and sex differences in vocal tract size) and sociolinguistic sources (i.e. accents). We hypothesized that listeners adapt to these two types of variation differently because prior work indicates that adapting to speaker/sex variability may occur pre-lexically while adapting to accent variability may require learning from attention to explicit cues (i.e. feedback). In Experiment 1, we tested our hypothesis by training native Dutch listeners and Australian-English (AusE) listeners without any experience with Dutch or Flemish to discriminate between the Dutch vowels /I/ and /ε/ from a single speaker. We then tested their ability to classify /I/ and /ε/ vowels of a novel Dutch speaker (i.e. speaker or sex change only), or vowels of a novel Flemish speaker (i.e. speaker or sex change plus accent change). We found that both Dutch and AusE listeners could successfully categorize vowels if the change involved a speaker/sex change, but not if the change involved an accent change. When AusE listeners were given feedback on their categorization responses to the novel speaker in Experiment 2, they were able to successfully categorize vowels involving an accent change. These results suggest that adapting to accents may be a two-step process, whereby the first step involves adapting to speaker differences at a pre-lexical level, and the second step involves adapting to accent differences at a contextual level, where listeners have access to word meaning or are given feedback that allows them to appropriately adjust their perceptual category boundaries. PMID:27309889

Early Jurassic allotherians from South Wales (United Kingdom

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

W. A. Clemens

2007-02-01

Full Text Available Fossils from two fissure fillings in Pant Quarry (designated Pant 4 and Pant 5, South Wales, United Kingdom, probably of Early Jurassic age document a taxonomically diverse vertebrate fauna, the Morganucodon-sphenodont fauna, composed of several kinds of reptiles, non-mammalian synapsids, and mammals. Six isolated molariform teeth from Pant 4 and 5 fissures clearly record the presence of Thomasia (Mammalia, Allotheria, Haramiyidae, a genus previously known only from purported Late Triassic faunas of southwestern England, France, Belgium, Luxemburg, Germany, and Switzerland. Small morphological differences from teeth in the larger English and continental European samples warrant identification of the Welsh material as Thomasia cf. moorei. The highly derived morphology of an isolated molariform tooth from Pant 5 fissure indicates the presence of another, possibly allotherian, taxon. Fossilien aus zwei wahrscheinlich unterjurassischen Spaltenfüllungen (Pant 4 und Pant 5 im Steinbruch Pant in Süd-Wales dokumentieren eine taxonomisch diverse Wirbeltierfauna. Diese Morganucodon-Sphenodontiden-Fauna besteht aus verschiedenen Formen von Reptilien, Synapsiden und Säugetieren. Sechs isolierte molariforme Zähne aus den Spaltenfüllungen Pant 4 und Pant 5 belegen eindeutig das Vorkommen von Thomasia (Mammalia, Allotheria, Haramiyidae, einer bisher nur aus vermutlich obertriassischen Faunen Südwest-Englands, Frankreichs, Belgiens, Luxemburgs, Deutschlands und der Schweiz bekannten Gattung. Geringe morphologische Unterschiede zu dem umfangreicheren Material aus England und Kontinental-Europa sprechen für die Identifikation des neuen Materials als Thomasia cf. moorei. Die stark abgeleitete Morphologie eines isolierten molariformen Zahnes aus der Spalte Pant 5 belegt das Vorkommen eines anderen Taxons, das möglicherweise auch den Allotheria zuzuordnen ist. doi:10.1002/mmng.200600018

Comparison of fatty liver index with noninvasive methods for steatosis detection and quantification

Science.gov (United States)

Zelber-Sagi, Shira; Webb, Muriel; Assy, Nimer; Blendis, Laurie; Yeshua, Hanny; Leshno, Moshe; Ratziu, Vlad; Halpern, Zamir; Oren, Ran; Santo, Erwin

2013-01-01

AIM: To compare noninvasive methods presently used for steatosis detection and quantification in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS: Cross-sectional study of subjects from the general population, a subgroup from the First Israeli National Health Survey, without excessive alcohol consumption or viral hepatitis. All subjects underwent anthropometric measurements and fasting blood tests. Evaluation of liver fat was performed using four noninvasive methods: the SteatoTest; the fatty liver index (FLI); regular abdominal ultrasound (AUS); and the hepatorenal ultrasound index (HRI). Two of the noninvasive methods have been validated vs liver biopsy and were considered as the reference methods: the HRI, the ratio between the median brightness level of the liver and right kidney cortex; and the SteatoTest, a biochemical surrogate marker of liver steatosis. The FLI is calculated by an algorithm based on triglycerides, body mass index, γ-glutamyl-transpeptidase and waist circumference, that has been validated only vs AUS. FLI fatty liver. RESULTS: Three hundred and thirty-eight volunteers met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and had valid tests. The prevalence rate of NAFLD was 31.1% according to AUS. The FLI was very strongly correlated with SteatoTest (r = 0.91, P fatty liver by SteatoTest (≥ S2) and by FLI (≥ 60) was 0.74, which represented good agreement. The sensitivity of FLI vs SteatoTest was 85.5%, specificity 92.6%, positive predictive value (PPV) 74.7%, and negative predictive value (NPV) 96.1%. Most subjects (84.2%) with FLI fatty liver by HRI (≥ 1.5) and by FLI (≥ 60) was 0.43, which represented only moderate agreement. The sensitivity of FLI vs HRI was 56.3%, specificity 86.5%, PPV 57.0%, and NPV 86.1%. The diagnostic accuracy of FLI for steatosis > 5%, as predicted by SteatoTest, yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.95-0.98). The diagnostic accuracy of FLI for steatosis > 5%, as

Studies on the production of building material grade slag from hazardous-waste incineration plants; Untersuchungen zur Herstellung einer Schlacke mit Baustoffqualitaet aus Sondermuellverbrennungsanlagen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Reich, J.; Herbel, J.D.; Pasel, C. [Duisburg Univ. (Gesamthochschule) (Germany). Fachgebiet Abfalltechnik

1998-09-01

In an attempt to restore the competitive power of hazardous-waste incineration within the present legal framework, plant operators have in some cases lowered disposal prices below the break-even point; in this respect there is no further room for improvement. One approach towards a new marketable solution could be to use rotary kilns not only for disposal but also as production plants. This could be achieved by means of input control and loading materials. If, for example, the slag remaining after combustion could be made to meet building material specifications, thus providing a marketable product, then rotary kilns would be able to serve as production plants for a secondary raw material. If it should prove possible in the course of manufacturing campaigns to develop slags from hazardous-waste incineration plants to a marketable product, then operators will thus have complied to the demand of the Law on Recycling and Waste Management for waste avoidance and that of the Emission Control Law for residue recycling. Targeted use of suitable loading materials for quality improvement could enable operators of hazardous-waste incineration plants to secure a new strategic position on the market as building material manufacturers and utilise existing plant capacities. [Deutsch] Um die Sonderabfallverbrennung im Rahmen der rechtlichen Vorgaben wieder konkurrenzfaehig zu machen, haben die Anlagenbetreiber die Entsorgungspreise teilweise unter die Grenze der Kostendeckung zurueckgenommen; hier besteht kein Spielraum mehr. Ein neuer, marktgerechter Ansatz koennte sich dann ergeben, wenn die Drehrohroefen statt als Beseitigungsaggregate durch Inputsteuerung und Zuschlaege eventuell auch als Produktionsanlagen einzusetzen waeren. Wenn z.B. die Schlacke, als Rueckstand aus der Verbrennung, als ein im Baustoffmarkt absetzbares Produkt nach Qualitaetskriterien gezielt hergestellt wuerde, koennte der Drehrohrofen als Produktionsanlage fuer einen Sekundaerrohstoff betrieben werden

Final storage of radioactive waste in Germany. Waste arisings and availability of a repository as seen by an electricity utility; Endlagerung radioaktiver Abfaelle in Deutschland. Abfallaufkommen und Endlagerverfuegbarkeit aus EVU-Sicht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Broeskamp, H.; Brammer, K.J.; Graf, R. [Gesellschaft fuer Nuklearservice, Essen (Germany)

2004-04-01

friedlichen Nutzung der Kernenergie in Deutschland an beruecksichtigt. Bereits 1957 wird in einem Memorandum der Deutschen Atomkommission der Hinweis auf die Notwendigkeit der sicheren Beseitigung der radioaktiven Abfaelle formuliert. Der Gesetzgeber hat diese Anregung aufgegriffen und schon im Atomgesetz vom 23.12.1959 Vorschriften zur schadlosen Verwertung radioaktiver Stoffe angelegt. Von der Bundesrepublik wurde in Zusammenhang mit dem Nuklearen Entsorgungszentrum auch nach einem geeigneten Endlagerstandort gesucht. Nach einer intensiven Standortsuche durch die Bundesregierung und das Land Niedersachsen benannte die Niedersaechsische Landesregierung 1977 Gorleben als Standort. Vorausgegangen war ein 3-stufiges Auswahlverfahren, in dem mehr als 140 Standorte betrachtet wurden. Die Arbeiten zur Erkundung des Standortes Gorleben begannen 1979 und wurden am 01.10.2000 zur Klaerung von konzeptionellen und sicherheitstechnischen Zweifeln der Bundesregierung unterbrochen. Vom BMU wird die Verfuegbarkeit eines (Hochaktiv-)Endlagers im Jahr 2030 angestrebt. Aus technischer Sicht ist eine Inbetriebnahme eines Endlagers fuer waermeentwickelnde Abfaelle in Gorleben ab dem Jahr 2025 noch erreichbar, sofern sich der Salzstock nach zuegigem Abschluss der Erkundungsarbeiten als geeignet erweist. Auf die absehbaren Problemfelder wird hingewiesen. Ein weiteres Projekt der Bundesregierung ist die Nutzung der Schachtanlage Konrad als Endlager fuer schwach- und mittelradioaktive Abfaelle. Der Planfeststellungsbeschluss wurde nach gut 20 Jahren im Mai 2002 erteilt und ist zurzeit noch beklagt. Aus den dargestellten Angaben zum erwarteten Abfallvolumen der nicht-waermeentwickelnden EVU-Abfaelle in Verbindung mit dem moeglichen Beginn des Einlagerungsbetriebs Konrad 2013 werden detaillierte Ergebnisse vorgestellt. (orig.)

Evaluation of uterine ultrasound imaging in cervical radiotherapy; a comparison of autoscan and conventional probe

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Baker, Mariwan; Cooper, David T.; Behrens, Claus F.

2016-01-01

.001). The median of the interobserver COM distance (Euclidean distance for 36 scans) was reduced from 8.5 (C-US) to 6.0mm (A-US). An F-test on the 36 scans showed strong significant differences (p Euclidean interobserver distance when comparing the C-US with the A-US scans. The average...

TÜV - Zertifizierungen in der Life Science Branche

Science.gov (United States)

Schaff, Peter; Gerbl-Rieger, Susanne; Kloth, Sabine; Schübel, Christian; Daxenberger, Andreas; Engler, Claus

Life Sciences [1] (Lebenswissenschaften) sind ein globales Innovationsfeld mit Anwendungen der Bio- und Medizinwissenschaften, der Pharma-, Chemie-, Kosmetik- und Lebensmittelindustrie. Diese Branche zeichnet sich durch eine stark interdisziplinäre Ausrichtung aus, mit Anwendung wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse und Einsatz von Ausgangsstoffen aus der modernen Biologie, Chemie und Humanmedizin sowie gezielter marktwirtschaftlich orientierter Arbeit.

Optimisation of pollutant separation and tenside recovery from water/tenside/pollutant mixtures; Optimierung der Schadstoffabtrennung sowie der Rueckgewinnung von Tensiden aus Wasser-Tensid-Schadstoff Mischungen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Memminger, B.

2001-01-01

Hydraulic in-situ remediation technologies have recently become more and more important for removing underground contamination especially in urban districts. To enhance the traditional pump-and-treat, substances such as surfactants can be used which not only dissolve but also mobilize the contaminants. For this method to be cost effective, an optimized waste water treatment is essential. On the one hand the contaminants are to be removed from the extracted ground water and on the other hand the surfactants are to be recycled for re-use in the remediation procedure. So far adsorption of contaminants on activated carbon has been applied to reach this goals. In the frame of this diploma thesis however, more efficient and more economical alternatives to the adsorption method were to be investigated. For this, three different separating techniques to treat water-surfactant-contaminant mixtures containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) as model substances were examined: a membrane technique by using an entrainer on the permeate side, the so called pertraction, the solvent extraction with petroleum ether as a solvent and the adsorption with other adsorbents. (orig.) [German] Hydraulische in-situ Sanierungsverfahren erfahren derzeit im Rahmen der Altlastenbearbeitung eine zunehmende Bedeutung zur Beseitigung von Untergrundkontaminationen, vor allem in innerstaedtischen Bereichen. Um die traditionelle 'pump and treat'-Methode zu optimieren, koennen Hilfsstoffe wie Loesungsvermittler, z.B. Tenside, eingesetzt werden, die eine sowohl solubilisierende als auch mobilisierende Wirkung auf die Schadstoffe haben. Um dieses Verfahren kosteneffektiv zu gestalten, ist eine optimierte Abwasseraufbereitung gefordert. Dabei sind zum einen die Schadstoffe aus dem extrahierten Grundwasser abzutrennen und zum anderen die Tenside fuer das Verfahren zurueckzugewinnen. Zum bisher dafuer angewandten Adsorptionsverfahren unter Einsatz von Aktivkohle sollten im Rahmen dieser

Má oclusão de Classe I de Angle, com ausência congênita e impacção de dentes permanentes Angle Class I malocclusion with congenitally absence and impaction of permanent teeth

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eduardo Silveira Ferreira

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Este artigo relata o tratamento ortodôntico de um paciente com 14 anos e 6 meses de idade, portador de má oclusão de Classe I de Angle, que apresentava ectopia e impacção do dente 45 e ausência congênita do dente 35. O caso foi tratado com extração do dente 45 e fechamento dos espaços inferiores. Documentações inicial, final e pós-tratamento serão apresentadas e discutidas. Esse caso foi apresentado à Diretoria do Board Brasileiro de Ortodontia e Ortopedia Facial (BBO, representando a categoria 7, livre escolha, como parte dos requisitos para a obtenção do título de Diplomado pelo BBO.This article reports the orthodontic treatment of a 14 year and 6 months old patient that had a Angle Class I malocclusion with an ectopic position and impaction of the tooth 45 and congenitally absence of tooth 35. This case was treated with the extraction of the tooth 45 and space closure in the lower arch. Initial, final and post-treatment orthodontic records will be presented and discussed. This case was presented to the Brazilian Board of Orthodontics and Facial Orthopedics (BBO, representing the category 7, free choice, as part of the requirements for achieving the title of BBO diplomate.

Diversity and prevalence of hemoparasites of wading birds in southern Florida, USA

OpenAIRE

Coker, Sarah M.; Hernandez, Sonia M.; Kistler, Whitney M.; Curry, Shannon E.; Welch, Catharine N.; Barron, Heather W.; Harsch, Stefan; Murray, Maureen H.; Yabsley, Michael J.

2017-01-01

Relatively few studies on hemoparasites have been conducted on wading birds in the families Ardeidae and Threskiornithidae (order Pelecaniformes), especially in the United States. In this study, we obtained baseline data on the prevalence and genetic diversity of haemosporidian parasites in wading birds opportunistically sampled from southern Florida, USA. We detected blood parasites in White Ibis (Eudocimus albus), Glossy Ibis (Plegadis falcinellus), Green Heron (Butorides virescens), and Ro...

Facial Action Unit Recognition under Incomplete Data Based on Multi-label Learning with Missing Labels

KAUST Repository

Li, Yongqiang

2016-07-07

Facial action unit (AU) recognition has been applied in a wild range of fields, and has attracted great attention in the past two decades. Most existing works on AU recognition assumed that the complete label assignment for each training image is available, which is often not the case in practice. Labeling AU is expensive and time consuming process. Moreover, due to the AU ambiguity and subjective difference, some AUs are difficult to label reliably and confidently. Many AU recognition works try to train the classifier for each AU independently, which is of high computation cost and ignores the dependency among different AUs. In this work, we formulate AU recognition under incomplete data as a multi-label learning with missing labels (MLML) problem. Most existing MLML methods usually employ the same features for all classes. However, we find this setting is unreasonable in AU recognition, as the occurrence of different AUs produce changes of skin surface displacement or face appearance in different face regions. If using the shared features for all AUs, much noise will be involved due to the occurrence of other AUs. Consequently, the changes of the specific AUs cannot be clearly highlighted, leading to the performance degradation. Instead, we propose to extract the most discriminative features for each AU individually, which are learned by the supervised learning method. The learned features are further embedded into the instance-level label smoothness term of our model, which also includes the label consistency and the class-level label smoothness. Both a global solution using st-cut and an approximated solution using conjugate gradient (CG) descent are provided. Experiments on both posed and spontaneous facial expression databases demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method in comparison with several state-of-the-art works.

Facial Action Unit Recognition under Incomplete Data Based on Multi-label Learning with Missing Labels

KAUST Repository

Li, Yongqiang; Wu, Baoyuan; Ghanem, Bernard; Zhao, Yongping; Yao, Hongxun; Ji, Qiang

2016-01-01

Facial action unit (AU) recognition has been applied in a wild range of fields, and has attracted great attention in the past two decades. Most existing works on AU recognition assumed that the complete label assignment for each training image is available, which is often not the case in practice. Labeling AU is expensive and time consuming process. Moreover, due to the AU ambiguity and subjective difference, some AUs are difficult to label reliably and confidently. Many AU recognition works try to train the classifier for each AU independently, which is of high computation cost and ignores the dependency among different AUs. In this work, we formulate AU recognition under incomplete data as a multi-label learning with missing labels (MLML) problem. Most existing MLML methods usually employ the same features for all classes. However, we find this setting is unreasonable in AU recognition, as the occurrence of different AUs produce changes of skin surface displacement or face appearance in different face regions. If using the shared features for all AUs, much noise will be involved due to the occurrence of other AUs. Consequently, the changes of the specific AUs cannot be clearly highlighted, leading to the performance degradation. Instead, we propose to extract the most discriminative features for each AU individually, which are learned by the supervised learning method. The learned features are further embedded into the instance-level label smoothness term of our model, which also includes the label consistency and the class-level label smoothness. Both a global solution using st-cut and an approximated solution using conjugate gradient (CG) descent are provided. Experiments on both posed and spontaneous facial expression databases demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method in comparison with several state-of-the-art works.

Zu einigen mittelalterlichen Amtsbezeichungen in der Toponymie Serbiens

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aleksandar Loma

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Die vorliegende Arbeit behandelt den Ortsnamen Šepšin, wie ein Dorf in Serbien unweit von Mladenovac, südlich von Belgrad, heißt. Nach dem Zeugnis der türkischen Verzeichnisse des 16. Jh.s, hat sich die heutige Form des Namens über Šemšin aus Šemčin entwickelt, wie sein Erstbeleg aus 1528 lautet. Vorausgesetzt, dass sich das anlautende Š- aus S- durch Assimilation vom Typ šiče < siče ‘zischt’ entwickelt hat, lässt sich die ursprügliche Namenform als *Sěmčijin wiederherstellen, wo sich um ein Possessivadjektiv zur altserbischen Amtsbezeichnung sěmьčija handelt. Nur als Hapax in der BanjskaUrkunde aus 1316. belegt, wird sie mit aksl. samъčii ‘praefectus’ gleichgesetzt, wo wahrscheinlich ein Lehnwort aus dem Protobulgarischen vorliegt. In diesem Fall liesse sich das ě der altserbischen Nebenform durch den Einfluss des urslav. Wortes *sěmь ‘Familie’ erklären. Anknüpfend wird die Frage nach der Herkunft eines anderen Ortsnamens aus demselben Gebiet, Hrčin, heute Vrčin, wieder in Betracht gezogen. Bisher unterschiedlich gedeutet, lässt sich er analogisch zu *Sěmčijin auf *Hrtčijin als Possessivbildung zur sonst unbelegten Hofamtsbezeichnung *xъrtьčii ‘für Windhunde (*xъrtъ zuständig, Hofjägermeister’ zurückführen. In beiden Fällen dürfte sich das maskuline Possessivadjektiv auf -in ursprünglich auf potok ‘Bach’ oder dol ‘Tal’ im Lehensbesitz der betreffenden Person bezogen haben.

A study of malignancy rates in different diagnostic categories of the Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology: An institutional experience

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

P. Arul

2015-12-01

Conclusion: Our study validated the efficacy of TBSRTC. In conclusion, the malignancy rate of AUS/FLUS in this study was higher than the risk mentioned in TBSRTC and other published studies. Hence, AUS/FLUS category patients in our setup warrant further workup including ultrasound and/or thyroid scan in addition to immediate repeat FNAC.

Die Parlamentswahlen 2008 in Malaysia

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Reher, Stefanie; Knirsch, Thomas

2008-01-01

aus diversen Parteien bestehende Oppositionsbündnis erfuhr überraschend eine klare Stärkung. Während die aus der UMNO und 13 weiteren Koalitionären bestehende BN unter dem Motto „Sicherheit, Frieden, Wohlstand” für Premier Badawi warb, führten die Oppositionsparteien DAP, PAS und PRK – letztere unter...

Kinokompleks i Dresden

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lund, Nils-Ole

2001-01-01

Velillustreret introduktion til biografpalads med syv sale samlet omkring en krystalagtig, glasbeklædt foyer. Bygningen er et eksplicit udtryk for Coop Himmelb(l)aus ekspressive arkitekturudtryk.......Velillustreret introduktion til biografpalads med syv sale samlet omkring en krystalagtig, glasbeklædt foyer. Bygningen er et eksplicit udtryk for Coop Himmelb(l)aus ekspressive arkitekturudtryk....

Spanish is better than English for discriminating Portuguese vowels: acoustic similarity versus vowel inventory size

Science.gov (United States)

Elvin, Jaydene; Escudero, Paola; Vasiliev, Polina

2014-01-01

Second language (L2) learners often struggle to distinguish sound contrasts that are not present in their native language (L1). Models of non-native and L2 sound perception claim that perceptual similarity between L1 and L2 sound contrasts correctly predicts discrimination by naïve listeners and L2 learners. The present study tested the explanatory power of vowel inventory size versus acoustic properties as predictors of discrimination accuracy when naïve Australian English (AusE) and Iberian Spanish (IS) listeners are presented with six Brazilian Portuguese (BP) vowel contrasts. Our results show that IS listeners outperformed AusE listeners, confirming that cross-linguistic acoustic properties, rather than cross-linguistic vowel inventory sizes, successfully predict non-native discrimination difficulty. Furthermore, acoustic distance between BP vowels and closest L1 vowels successfully predicted differential levels of difficulty among the six BP contrasts, with BP /e-i/ and /o-u/ being the most difficult for both listener groups. We discuss the importance of our findings for the adequacy of models of L2 speech perception. PMID:25400599

Ehitaja nõuab kohtu kaudu Evelin Ilveselt võla tasumist / Kadri Paas

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Paas, Kadri, 1982-

2007-01-01

AS Nuia Melior on esitanud hagi proua Evelin Ilvese vastu, milles nõutakse Ärma talus tehtud tööde eest arvete tasumist. Firma juhataja Heino Luige sõnul küünib võlg 120 000 kroonini. Vandeadvokaat Madis Pätsi väitel ei ole OÜ Ermamaal ASi Nuia Melior ees võlgnevust, kuna AS Nuia Melior oli Ärma talus teostatavate tööde alltöövõtja ning oli sõlminud lepingu peatöövõtjaga Aus Invest OÜ. President T.H. Ilvese esivanemate talu taastamise peatöövõtja Aus Invest on pankrotis ja firma juht Aivar Aus lahkunud välismaale. Lisa: Eesti presidendid ehitajatega kimpus

Verbesserung der OCR in digitalen Sammlungen von Bibliotheken

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Konstantin Baierer

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Möglichkeiten zur Verbesserung der automatischen Texterkennung (OCR in digitalen Sammlungen insbesondere durch computerlinguistische Methoden werden beschrieben und bisherige PostOCR-Verfahren analysiert. Im Gegensatz zu diesen Möglichkeiten aus der Forschung oder aus einzelnen Projekten unterscheidet sich die momentane Anwendung von OCR in der Bibliothekspraxis wesentlich und nutzt das Potential nur teilweise aus. Possibilities for improving the optical character recognition (OCR in digital collections in particular by using computationally linguistical methods are described and previous PostOCR-techniques are analyzed. On contrast to these methods from the research and single projects, the current use of OCR in library practice differs essentially and does use its potential only partially.

Steinzeitliche Kochexperimente

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Philippsen, Bente; Glykou, Aikaterini; Piezonka, Henny

dem Kohlenstoff aus den Krusten können die Gefäße 14C-datiert werden. In den letzten Jahren wurde allerdings immer deutlicher, dass 14C-Daten durch einen Süßwasser-Reservoireffekt verzerrt werden können. Proben, die aus einem Süßwassersystem stammen, erscheinen dadurch bei der 14C-Datierung einige...

Identification of Action Units Related to Affective States in a Tutoring System for Mathematics

Science.gov (United States)

Padrón-Rivera, Gustavo; Rebolledo-Mendez, Genaro; Parra, Pilar Pozos; Huerta-Pacheco, N. Sofia

2016-01-01

Affect is an important element of the learning process both in the classroom and with educational technology. This paper presents analyses in relation to the identification of Action Units (AUs) related to affective states and their impact on learning with a tutoring system. To assess affect, a tool was devised to identify AUs on pictures of human…

Full sun ahead. 8000 miles on the sea; Volle Sonne voraus. 8.000 Meilen auf dem Meer

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fred, Winter

2013-10-01

Passionate sailors from Austria have built a boat fully fed by solar panels. The diesel generator is obsolete. Cost and convenience of solar technology even beats the traditional sailing. [German] Passionierte Segler aus Oesterreich haben ein Boot gebaut, das sich vollstaendig aus Solarmodulen speist. Der Dieselgenerator hat ausgedient. Bei Kosten und Komfort schlaegt die Solartechnik sogar die traditionellen Segel.

Polycrystalline silicon film solar cells on insulator devices. Final report; Duennschichtsolarzellen aus kristallinem Silicium auf Glassubstraten. Abschlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Werner, J.H.; Wagner, T.A.; Bruehne, K.; Berge, C.; Dassow, R.; Jensen, N.; Koehler, J.; Nerding, M.; Oberbeck, L.; Rinke, T.J.; Bergmann, R.B.; Schubert, M.B.

2002-07-01

entwickelten Transfertechnik fuer monokristalline Siliciumfilme, die auf der Bildung einer Trennschicht mittels elektrochemischer Aetzverfahren beruht. Dieses Verfahren wurde seit einer Anpassung des Arbeitsplanes im Jahr 2000 im Vorhaben verfolgt und konnte die damaligen hohen Erwartungen sogar noch uebertreffen. Es wird in einem Anschlussvorhaben weiterentwickelt, um unter anderem belastbare Fakten zu Fragen der industriellen Anwendbarkeit zu sammeln. Die direkte Herstellung effizienter polykristalliner Siliciumsolarzellen auf Glassubstraten bei Temperaturen zwischen 400 und 600 C erwies sich als aeusserst schwierig und vermutlich unmoeglich. Zum ersten Mal konnte eine umfassende Analyse der grundsaetzlichen Begrenzungen fuer pn-Solarzellen aus Silicium mit Korngroessen im Bereich von (1-100) {mu}m vorgelegt werden. Der Durchgang von Korngrenzen durch den pn-Uebergang begrenzt in diesem Korngroessenbereich die erreichbare Ausgangsspannung prinzipiell auf inakzeptabel niedrige Werte. Die thermokatalytische Abscheidung (hot-wire CVD) nanokristalliner Si-Filme (nc-Si) fuer den Einsatz in gestapelten, mikromorphen Solarzellen konnte dahingehend optimiert werden, dass Schichten mit ausschliesslicher <110>-Textur erzielt wurden. Solche Schichten zeigen stabile elektronische Eigenschaften; Veraenderungen durch die Aufnahme von atmosphaerischem Sauerstoff, Wasser usw. koennen damit vermieden werden. Der Einsatz in Solarzellen scheint jedoch der geringen Abscheiderate wegen wenig sinnvoll. Hier zeigte sich, dass Schichten guter elektronischer Qualitaet in hot-wire CVD aehnlich niedrige Abscheideraten erfordern wie in plasmagestuetzten Verfahren. Weitere Ergebnisse in den Bereichen Ionenunterstuetzte Abscheidung (IAD), Laserkristallisation und Si-Hetero-Solarzellen koennen als spin-off fuer andere Anwendungen genutzt werden. (orig.)

Therapeutic relevance of HRCT findings from a pneumological viewpoint; Therapeutische Relevanz des HRCT-Befundes aus pneumologischer Sicht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Suchy, R. [Klinik Donaustauf, Zentrum fuer Pneumologie, Donaustauf (Germany); Pfeifer, M. [Klinik Donaustauf, Universitaetsklinikum Regensburg, Krankenhaus Barmherzige Brueder Regensburg, Donaustauf (Germany)

2014-12-15

semiquantitative evaluation of the extent of the disease on HRCT > 20 % is useful for identifying patients who require treatment. (orig.) [German] Die hochaufloesende CT (''high-resolution CT'', HRCT) ist der Goldstandard der bildgebenden Diagnostik bei der Abklaerung interstitieller Lungenerkrankungen (ILD), wobei sie richtungsweisende Befunde, ggf. eine favorisierte Verdachtsdiagnose liefert und das differenzialdiagnostische Spektrum einengt. Ausserdem ist sie wichtig zur Planung der weiteren invasiven Abklaerung mittels Bronchoskopie, bronchoalveolaerer Lavage sowie transbronchialer und ggf. chirurgischer Lungenbiopsie. Die Diagnose hinsichtlich der vorliegenden ILD wird im Gesamtkontext saemtlicher erhobener Untersuchungsergebnisse interdisziplinaer im ILD-Board gestellt, welches aus erfahrenen Kollegen der Pneumologie, Radiologie und Pathologie besteht. Exemplarisch wird die Therapie 5 verschiedener Lungenfibrosen dargestellt: Bei der exogen allergischen Alveolitis (EAA) hat die strenge Allergenexpositionsprophylaxe oberste Prioritaet. Die kryptogen organisierende Pneumonie spricht in der Regel gut auf eine Prednisolontherapie an, wobei von einer Gesamttherapiedauer von 6 bis 12 Monaten auszugehen ist. Im Falle einer Sarkoidose wird die Therapie von der Organbeteiligung sowie der funktionellen Einschraenkung abhaengig gemacht, aber keine ''Kosmetik'' der CT-morphologischen Veraenderungen per se vorgenommen. Im Allgemeinen besteht eine Therapieindikation bei einer ernsthaften oder progredienten Erkrankung. Bei der idiopathischen Lungenfibrose (IPF) ersetzt das HRCT-Muster der definitiven ''usual interstitial pneumonia'' (UIP) die chirurgische Lungenbiopsie. Die Diagnose IPF kann allerdings erst nach sorgfaeltigem Ausschluss bekannter Ursachen gestellt werden (chronische EAA, Asbestose, Lungenbeteiligung im Rahmen einer Kollagenose bzw. rheumatologischen Grunderkrankung, Medikamententoxizitaet). Die IPF kann mit dem

PRODUCTIVE AND QUALITATIVE PERFORMANCE OF NATURALIZED AND NATIVE FORAGE LEGUMES IN THE TEMPERATE ZONE OF PUEBLA STATE, MEXICO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan de Dios Guerrero-Rodríguez

2015-12-01

Full Text Available The aim of this study was to evaluate seven species of native and naturalized legumes in terms of forage production and nutritive quality. The control species, Vicia sativa was represented by two varieties, which maintained a high dry matter production at two locations, in one of them, matched by Melilotus albus. The latter species also had high yields of dry matter in two locations, but in one of them the varieties of V. sativa were not successful. Less yielding species were those that had lower fiber concentration, a situation that was in part due to a higher leaf:stem ratio. Medicago polymorpha had the lowest digestibility, which coincided with higher concentrations of neutral and acid detergent fiber. The crude protein concentration was different among species (P<0.0001, where M. polymorpha consistently had low (P<0.05 concentration (16.8% as well as M. albus (17%. Among the species tested in this study, several of them have potential yield and quality to improve the diet of ruminants in the highland region of Puebla State and can replace the vetches. Additionally, even when the climate may be the same, the soil conditions also determine which species can thrive in a region.

Laboratory experiments and analytical investigations on the transfer of organic substances from lignite into ground water and residue lakes during flooding of opencast lignite mines. Final report; Laborexperimente und analytische Untersuchungen ueber den Eintrag braunkohlebuertiger organischer Stoffe in Grundwaesser und Restseegewaesser bei der Flutung von Braunkohletagebauen. Abschlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Herzschuh, R.; Frauendorf, H.; Herrmann, D.; Pietzsch, K.

2000-05-01

Lignite samples of diffrent lithotypes and composition from opencast mines of Lusatia and the region near Leipzig were submitted to weathering processes in laboratory scale experiments and the transfer of organic matter from lignite into the hydrosphere has been observed. By means of high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray mass spectrometry used in combination with data from gas chromatography/mass spectrometry numerous lignite-derived aromatic and heteroaromatic (poly-)carboxylic acids as well as aliphatic dicarboxylic acids could be characterized in the aqueous extracts. Investigations on water samples from lignite mining residue lakes cofirm these results. Furthermore, formation of chlororganic compounds like polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxine and furans (PCDD/F) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), benzenes (PCBz) and phenols (PCPh) has been investigated on different lignite samples under natural weathering conditions and thermal treatment. (orig.) [German] Braunkohlen verschiedener Lithotypen und Zusammensetzung aus Tagebauen der Lausitz und der Region um Leipzig wurden in Laborexperimenten Verwitterungsprozessen unterzogen und der Uebergang organischer Materie aus der Braunkohle in die Hydrosphaere beobachtet. Mit Hilfe der HPLC-Elektrospray-MS-Untersuchungen in Kombination mit Daten aus GC-MS-Messungen konnten zahlreiche aus der Braunkohle stammende aromatische und heteroaromatische (Poly-)Carbonsaeuren sowie aliphatische Dicarbonsaeuren in den waessrigen Extrakten charakterisiert werden. Untersuchungen an Wasserproben aus bereits gefluteten Tagebaurestseen bestaetigen diese Ergebnisse. Weiterhin wurde die Bildung chlororganischer Verbindungen, wie polychlorierter Dibenzo-p-dioxine und -furane (PCDD/F) sowie polychlorierter Biphenyle (PCB), Benzole (PCBz) und Phenole (PCPh) an unterschiedlichen Braunkohleproben unter natuerlichen Bedingungen und nach thermsicher Behandlung untersucht. (orig.)

Tartu fotograafid ja Õpetatud Eesti Seltsi muuseumi fotokogu 19. sajandil / Tartuer Fotografen und die Fotosammlung des Museums der Gelehrten Estnischen Gesellschaft im 19. Jahrhundert

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tõnis Liibek

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Im Jahre 1951 gelangte der größte Teil der Fotosammlung des vormaligen Museums der Gelehrten Estnischen Gesellschaft (GEG ins Estnische Historische Museum, wo er bis heute aufbewahrt wird. Im Artikel ist beschrieben, wie diese Fotosammlung im 19. Jahrhundert zu Stande gekommen ist. Daneben werden die damaligen Fotografen in Tartu vorgestellt.Es ist bekannt, dass erste Wanderfotografen das Gebiet des heutigen Estlands im Jahre 1843 erreichten, erste Nachrichten von Fotografen in Tartu stammen aus dem Jahr 1844. Dennoch hat die GEG erst in der Mitte der 1850er Jahren angefangen, Fotografien oder Lichtbilder gezielt zu sammeln. In den 1850er Jahren sind insgesamt nur drei Fotos aufgenommen worden; und Anfang der 1870er Jahre besaß das Museum der GEG dann nur etwa 30 Fotografien. Von diesen sind von den Tartuer Fotografen selbst mehr als 20 Fotos dem Museum gestiftet worden. Auch in den folgenden Jahrzehnten sind nur einzelne Fotos vom Museum gesammelt worden. Obwohl die Mitglieder der GEG sich mehrfach dafür aussprachen, dass man die lokale Kultur auch fotografisch festhalten sollte, folgten von Seiten der GEG keine bemerkenswerten Unternehmungen in dieser Sache.Heute sind die meisten der im 19. Jahrhundert gesammelten und aus dem Museum der GEG stammenden Fotos im Estnischen Historischen Museum gut erhalten. Insgesamt sind es mehr als 1600 Fotos, die aus dem Museum der GEG ins Estnische Historische Museum übernommen wurden, darunter auch Aufnahmen aus dem 20. Jahrhundert. Den größten Anteil machen Fotos von Lehrkräften der Tartuer Universität aus, so etwa 300 Stück, ca. 20 Fotos gibt es von Tartuer Studenten. An die 300 Aufnahmen zeigen die Stadt Tartu – einzelne Gebäude oder Straßen- und Stadtansichten. Dazu gibt es etwa 50 Fotos von Burgen, 30 Fotos von Kirchen und Aufnahmen von anderen estnischen Städten. Einen größeren Bestand machen die Postkarten aus dem Ende des 19. und Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts aus; drei Fotoalbumen sind

[Aus dem Schrifttum] / Carmen Schmidt

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Schmidt, Carmen, 1956-

1999-01-01

Arvustus: Die selbstverwaltete Gemeinde : Beiträge zu ihrer Vergangenheit, Gegenwart und Zukunft in Estland, Deutschland und Europa / Hrsg. W. Drechsler. - Berlin, 1999. - 128 S. (Schriften zum öffentlichen Recht ; 784). Arvustus artiklite kogumikule, mis on pühendatud Lübecki linnaõiguse 750.-le aastapäevale

Zwei senatorische Familien aus Klaudiupolis

OpenAIRE

Adak, Mustafa

2007-01-01

Two Senatorial Families from KlaudiupolisA brief inscription on a pedestal found in the town centre of Bolu refutes the previously dominant view about the provenance of Marcus Ulpius Arabianus, consul suffectus in the late Antoninian period and afterwards governor of Syria Palaestina and Africa proconsularis. He did not hail from Amastris, where he had good, probably inherited connections, but from Klaudiupolis, where according to the new inscription he honoured his uncle M. Ulpius Aristaeus ...

Description of new species of Stenaelurillus Simon, 1886 from the Western Ghats of India with the redescription of Stenaelurillus lesserti Reimoser, 1934 and notes on mating plug in the genus (Arachnida, Araneae, Salticidae

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pothalil A. Sebastian

2015-03-01

Full Text Available A new species of the jumping spider genus Stenaelurillus Simon, 1886, S. albus sp. n., is described from the Western Ghats of India, one of the biodiversity hotspots of the world. Detailed morphological descriptions, diagnostic features and illustrations of copulatory organs of both sexes are given. Detailed redescription, diagnosis and illustration of S. lesserti Reimoser, 1934 are provided. The occurrence of a mating plug in the genus is reported.

Annotated Bibliography for Lake Erie. Volume I. Biological,

Science.gov (United States)

1974-10-01

maculosa Le Sueur; calico bass, or Lake Erie bass, Pomoxis sparoides Lacepede. (SM) 52. Reardslee, Clark S. 1944. Bonapart’s gull on the Niagara...of the burbot, Lota lota maculosa (LeSueur), in Lake Erie. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 80:163-173. Growth studies were made on 2,329 Lake Erie burbot...almo -- hystus; whitefish, oe onus albus; common shad salmon, Coregonus a upelformis; aobony pike, Lepisosteus bison; spotted burbot, Lota maculosa ; and

Molecular strategies towards anthracnose resistance in lupin

OpenAIRE

2008-01-01

The aim of the project was to develop a strategy towards anthracnose resistance in lupin using molecular techniques. Colletotrichum species are considered to be major plant pathogens of cereals and legumes around the world, causing significant crop losses. Colletotrichum acutatum causes anthracnose disease on lupin. Sweet white lupin (Lupinus albus) is a high protein grain crop that could alleviate protein shortage in South Africa, since it has the highest protein levels (34-45%) compared to ...

Steel pipelines standards for fittings and joint accessories

CERN Document Server

DIN

2013-01-01

Die 1. Auflage von DIN Handbook 15/6 erweitert die DIN Handbook-Reihe um den Themenbereich Fittings für verschiedene Montagetechniken. Es enthält in englischer Übersetzung die wesentlichen Normen über Lötfittings aus Kupfer, Temperguss-Fittings, Fittings aus Stahl und Kunststofffittings. Abgerundet wird der Inhalt durch ergänzende Normen, Begriffe und Grundnormen. Reihe DIN_Handbook - 15/6

Arbeitszeitflexibilisierung in der westdeutschen Metall- und Elektroindustrie und die Verbandsstrategien - Eine vergleichende Analyse der arbeitszeitpolitischen Strategien des Arbeitgeberverbandes Gesamtmetall und der Industriegewerkschaft Metall

OpenAIRE

Altun, Ufuk

2005-01-01

Arbeitszeitpolitik und Arbeitszeitgestaltung haben seit dem Tarifkompromiss im Jahre 1984 in der Metall-, und Elektroindustrie in der politischen und wissenschaftlichen Diskussion einen immensen Bedeutungszuwachs erfahren. Die Forderungen nach einer flexibleren Arbeitszeitgestaltung haben zeitgleich sowohl aus der Globalisierungsdiskussion und der Debatte um die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit des "Wirtschaftsstandorts Deutschland" heraus wie auch aus beschäftigungspolitischen Gründen neuen Auftrieb bek...

Viertes LSDMA Symposium: Neue Entwicklungen im Bereich Big Data

OpenAIRE

Çayoğlu, Uğur

2015-01-01

Auch in diesem Jahr trafen sich zahlreiche Wissenschaftler aus unterschiedlichen Wissenschaftsgebieten beim internationalen Symposium „The Challenge of Big Data in Science“, der Helmholtz Initiative Large-Scale Data Management and Analysis (LSDMA). Das Steinbuch Centre for Computing veranstaltete diese Tagung nun das vierte Mal. Es waren über 90 Teilnehmer aus Deutschland, Frankreich, Spanien, China und den Vereinigten Staaten zu Gast.

Geschäftsmodelle für digitale Bildungsangebote. Was wir von xMOOCs lernen können

OpenAIRE

Franken, Oliver B. T.; Fischer, Helge; Köhler, Thomas

2014-01-01

Der Beitrag beleuchtet xMOOCs aus strategischer Perspektive und exploriert die Geschäftsmodelle von Anbietern der MOOC-Plattformen Iversity, Coursera und Udacity im Rahmen einer vergleichenden Einzelfallstudie inhaltsanalytisch. Erläutert wird, warum die Verwendung von MOOCs in der wissenschaftlichen Aus- und Weiterbildung an Hochschulen interessant ist und welche akteursspezifischen Nutzenerwartungen es gibt. Diskutiert werden Befunde hinsichtlich der Angebote, Teilnehmer, Finanzierung, Ertr...

Polyethylene glycol and polyvinylpirrolidone effect on bacterial rRNA extraction and hybridization from cells exposed to tannins Efeito de polietilenoglicol e polivinilpirrolidona na extração e hibridização de rRNA bacteriano de células expostas a taninos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pedro Braga Arcuri

2003-09-01

Full Text Available In order to detect fluctuations in ruminal microbial populations due to forage tannins using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA probes, recovery of intact rRNA is required. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG and polyvinylpirrolidone (PVP on extraction of bacterial rRNA, in the presence of tannins from tropical legume forages and other sources, that hybridize with oligonucleotide probes. Ruminococcus albus 8 cells were exposed to 8 g/L tannic acid or 1 g/L condensed tannins extracted from Acacia angustissima, banana (Musa sp. skin, Desmodium ovalifolium, red grape (Vitis vinifera skin and Inga edulis, or no tannins. Cells were rinsed with Tris buffer pH 7 containing either 8% PEG or 6% PVP prior to cell lysis. Total RNA samples rinsed with either PEG or PVP migrated through denaturing agarose gels. The 16S rRNA bands successfully hybridized with a R. albus species-specific oligonucleotide probe, regardless of tannin source. The effect of rinsing buffers on the density of 16S rRNA bands, as well as on the hybridization signals was compared. There were significant effects (PA recuperação de RNA ribossômico (rRNA intacto é necessária para a detecção de flutuações na população microbiana ruminal decorrentes dos taninos de forrageiras, utilizando-se sondas para 16S rRNA. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de polietilenoglicol (PEG e polivinilpirrolidona (PVP na extração de rRNA bacteriano, em presença de taninos de leguminosas forrageiras tropicais e de outras fontes, que possa ser hibridizado com sondas de oligonucleotídeos. Culturas de Ruminococcus albus 8 foram expostas ou não a 8 g/L de ácido tânico ou a 1 g/L de taninos condensados, extraídos de Acacia angustissima, casca de banana (Musa sp., Desmodium ovalifolium, cascas de uvas vermelhas (Vitis vinifera e Inga edulis. As culturas foram lavadas com tampão Tris pH 7 contendo 8% PEG ou 6% PVP antes do rompimento das c

Morphogenetic Mechanisms in the Cyclic Regeneration of Hair Follicles and Deer Antlers from Stem Cells

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Chunyi; McMahon, Chris

2013-01-01

We have made comparisons between hair follicles (HFs) and antler units (AUs)—two seemingly unrelated mammalian organs. HFs are tiny and concealed within skin, whereas AUs are gigantic and grown externally for visual display. However, these two organs share some striking similarities. Both consist of permanent and cyclic/temporary components and undergo stem-cell-based organogenesis and cyclic regeneration. Stem cells of both organs reside in the permanent part and the growth centres are located in the temporary part of each respective organ. Organogenesis and regeneration of both organs depend on epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. Establishment of these interactions requires stem cells and reactive/niche cells (dermal papilla cells for HFs and epidermal cells for AUs) to be juxtaposed, which is achieved through destruction of the cyclic part to bring the reactive cells into close proximity to the respective stem cell niche. Developments of HFs and AUs are regulated by similar endocrine (particularly testosterone) and paracrine (particularly IGF1) factors. Interestingly, these two organs come to interplay during antlerogenesis. In conclusion, we believe that investigators from the fields of both HF and AU biology could greatly benefit from a comprehensive comparison between these two organs. PMID:24383056

Rotational and nematicidal effect of lupine (Lupinus albus L ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Jane

2011-10-10

Oct 10, 2011 ... Key words: Lupine, lupine seed extract, nematodes, nematicidal effect. INTRODUCTION ... alternative in winter and dry land production systems where other ... effects on germination and seedling growth of lettuce. Yorgancilar ...

A ausência de ciúme como um ideal cultural: reflexões clínicas sobre a fragilidade subjetiva frente ao amor na atualidade The absence of jealousy as a cultural ideal: clinical reflections about the subjective fragility evoked by love in present times

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marília Etienne Arreguy

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Discute-se largamente, na literatura psicanalítica e no meio acadêmico, de modo geral, sobre o declínio das tradições, do respeito às e respaldo social das instituições, e sobre a desqualificação da autoridade paterna na contemporaneidade. Tributário do romantismo e do individualismo forjados na modernidade, o amor romântico enquanto valor cultural e último refúgio subjetivo também se encontra em ruínas. A sexualidade enquanto absoluto prazer, multiplicidade e busca de sensações, é projetada cada vez mais como condição para as relações ditas amorosas. Diante desse cenário, partimos de uma discussão teórica e de vinhetas clínicas, a fim de argumentar que o ciúme é um afeto "fora de moda", cujas manifestações sintomáticas podem ser associadas ao modo como o erotismo é regido na atualidade. A ausência de ciúme desponta como um novo ideal para o amor, não mais apenas romântico, porém, antes de mais nada, narcísico, erótico, múltiplo e excessivo. A partir de estudos psicanalíticos sobre o amor e o ciúme, pretendemos então refletir como o modelo cultural narcísico atual permeado pelos restos de um romantismo recrudescente afeta a subjetividade. De modo ambíguo, a "ausência de ciúme" e seu oposto correlato "ciúme primitivo" oscilam entre si como expressões marcantes da fragilidade nas relações amorosas atuais.The decline of traditions, institutions and paternal authority in present times has been largely discussed in psychoanalytical literature. Heir of Romanticism and Individualism forged in modernity, romantic love as a cultural value and the last subjective refugee, has ruined. Sexuality understood as absolute pleasure and multiplicity of sensations has been more and more considered as a condition for love relationships. Considering this state of affairs, and based on a theoretical discussion and clinical vignettes, we argue that jealousy is "old-fashioned". The absence of jealousy points at a new

Post-term surveillance and birth outcomes in South Asian-born compared with Australian-born women.

Science.gov (United States)

Yim, C; Wong, L; Cabalag, C; Wallace, E M; Davies-Tuck, M

2017-02-01

To determine if apparently healthy post-term South Asian-born (SA) women were more likely to have abnormal post-term fetal surveillance than Australian- and New Zealand-born (AUS/NZ) women, whether those abnormalities were associated with increased rates of obstetric intervention and adverse perinatal outcomes, and whether SA women and their babies were at higher risk of adverse outcomes in the post-term period irrespective of their post-term surveillance outcomes. Post-term surveillance and perinatal outcomes of 145 SA and 272 AUS/NZ nulliparous women with a singleton post-term pregnancy were compared in a retrospective multicentre cohort analysis. Post-term SA women were not significantly more likely to have a low amniotic fluid index (AFI) than AUS/NZ women. However, they were nearly four times more likely (odds ratio 3.75; 95% CI 1.49-9.44) to have an abnormal CTG (P=0.005). Irrespective of maternal region of birth having an abnormal cardiotocography (CTG) or AFI was not associated with adverse intrapartum or perinatal outcomes. However, post-term SA women were significantly more likely than AUS/NZ women to have intrapartum fetal compromise (P=0.03) and an intrapartum cesarean section (P=0.002). Babies of SA women were more also significantly likely to be admitted to the Special Care Nursery or Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (P=0.02). Post-term SA women experience higher rates of fetal compromise (antenatal and intrapartum) and obstetric intervention than AUS/NZ women. Irrespective of maternal region of birth an abnormal CTG or AFI was not predictive of adverse outcomes.

U.S. Geological Survey 2013 assessment of undiscovered resources in the Bakken and Three Forks Formations of the U.S. Williston Basin Province

Science.gov (United States)

Gaswirth, Stephanie B.; Marra, Kristen R.

2014-01-01

The Upper Devonian Three Forks and Upper Devonian to Lower Mississippian Bakken Formations comprise a major United States continuous oil resource. Current exploitation of oil is from horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing of the Middle Member of the Bakken and upper Three Forks, with ongoing exploration of the lower Three Forks, and the Upper, Lower, and Pronghorn Members of the Bakken Formation. In 2008, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) estimated a mean of 3.65 billion bbl of undiscovered, technically recoverable oil resource within the Bakken Formation. The USGS recently reassessed the Bakken Formation, which included an assessment of the underlying Three Forks Formation. The Pronghorn Member of the Bakken Formation, where present, was included as part of the Three Forks assessment due to probable fluid communication between reservoirs. For the Bakken Formation, five continuous and one conventional assessment units (AUs) were defined. These AUs are modified from the 2008 AU boundaries to incorporate expanded geologic and production information. The Three Forks Formation was defined with one continuous and one conventional AU. Within the continuous AUs, optimal regions of hydrocarbon recovery, or “sweet spots,” were delineated and estimated ultimate recoveries were calculated for each continuous AU. Resulting undiscovered, technically recoverable resource estimates were 3.65 billion bbl for the five Bakken continuous oil AUs and 3.73 billion bbl for the Three Forks Continuous Oil AU, generating a total mean resource estimate of 7.38 billion bbl. The two conventional AUs are hypothetical and represent a negligible component of the total estimated resource (8 million barrels of oil).

Distribuição por gênero de ácido úrico sérico e fatores de risco cardiovascular: estudo populacional Distribución por género del ácido úrico sérico y factores de riesgo cardiovascular: estudio poblacional Gender distribution of serum uric acid and cardiovascular risk factors: population based study

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sérgio Lamego Rodrigues

2012-01-01

Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: Não há dados relativos à epidemiologia da hiperuricemia em estudos brasileiros de base populacional. OBJETIVO: Investigar a distribuição de ácido úrico sérico e sua relação com variáveis demográficas e cardiovasculares. MÉTODOS: Estudamos 1.346 indivíduos. A hiperuricemia foi definida como > 6,8 e > 5,4 mg/dL para homens e mulheres, respectivamente. A síndrome metabólica (SM foi definida utilizando-se os critérios NCEP ATP III. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de hiperuricemia foi de 13,2%. A associação de ácido úrico sérico (AUS com fatores de risco cardiovasculares foi específica para o gênero: em mulheres, maiores níveis de AUS estiveram associados com IMC elevado, mesmo após ajustes da pressão arterial sistólica para idade (PAS. Em homens, a relação do AUS com o colesterol HDL esteve mediada pelo IMC, enquanto em mulheres, o AUS mostrou-se semelhante e dependente do IMC, independentemente dos níveis glicose e presença de hipertensão. Nos homens, os triglicerídeos, a circunferência abdominal (CA e a PAS explicaram 11%, 4% e 1% da variabilidade do AUS, respectivamente. Nas mulheres, a circunferência abdominal e os triglicerídeos explicaram 9% e 1% da variabilidade de AUS, respectivamente. Em comparação com o primeiro quartil, homens e mulheres no quarto quartil apresentavam 3,29 e 4,18 vezes mais de aumento de risco de SM, respectivamente. As mulheres apresentaram uma prevalência quase três vezes maior de diabetes melito. Homens normotensos com MS apresentaram maiores níveis de AUS, independente do IMC. CONCLUSÃO: Nossos resultados parecem justificar a necessidade de uma avaliação baseada no gênero em relação à associação do AUS com fatores de risco cardiovasculares, que se mostraram mais acentuados em mulheres. A SM esteve positivamente associada com AUS elevado, independentemente do gênero. A obesidade abdominal e a hipertrigliceridemia foram os principais fatores associados com a

Ein Ausblick auf Supply-Chain-Management im Jahr 2016

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Wieland, Andreas

2016-01-01

Wie sieht Supply-Chain-Management im Jahr 2016 aus? Was erwartet uns? Vieles deutet darauf hin, dass SCM in Zukunft sogar noch mehr auf den Kunden gerichtet sein könnte als bisher.......Wie sieht Supply-Chain-Management im Jahr 2016 aus? Was erwartet uns? Vieles deutet darauf hin, dass SCM in Zukunft sogar noch mehr auf den Kunden gerichtet sein könnte als bisher....

On integral equation methods for electromagnetic scattering by biperiodic structures

OpenAIRE

Bugert, Beatrice

2014-01-01

In der vorliegenden Arbeit verwenden wir Integralgleichungsmethoden, um die Streuung von zeitharmonischen elektromagnetischen ebenen Wellen an biperiodischen mehrschichtigen Strukturen zu untersuchen. Solche Strukturen modellieren wir durch die vertikale Anordnung einer endlichen Anzahl an sich nicht schneidenden, polyedrisch Lipschitz regulären Grenzflächen. Wir unterscheiden Streuobjekte bestehend aus einer Oberfläche und solche bestehend aus mindestens zwei Oberflächen. Das elektromagnetis...

Synthesis and applications of multifunctional hybrid materials based on microgel particles

OpenAIRE

Jia, He

2016-01-01

Die Kombination aus anorganischen Nanopartikeln und Mikrogelen in einem hybriden System erlaubt die Herstellung von Materialien mit vielseitigen neuen Eigenschaften. Im Idealfall weisen solche hybriden Materialien neben den Eigenschaften von beiden indivduellen Systemen zusätzlich synergetische Effekte auf, welche aus den Interaktionen zwischen dem anorganischen Nanopartikel und dem Mikrogel resultieren. Im ersten Teil dieser Arbeit wird eine neuartige und eingängige Methode zur Herstellung ...

Natural and construction materials and plant products. Raw materials, constructional physics, design and construction. 2. upd. and enl. ed.; Natuerliche und pflanzliche Baustoffe. Rohstoff - Bauphysik - Konstruktion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Holzmann, Gerhard; Wangelin, Matthias; Bruns, Rainer

2012-07-01

The book discusses all relevant renewable constructional materials made from fibre or dyeing plants along with their physical and chemical fundamentals. Protection of resources, environmental protection, and pollutants in constructional materials are gone into as well. [German] Dieses Buch behandelt alle wichtige nachwachsenden, pflanzlichen Baustoffe aus Faser- und Faerberpflanzen sowie dazugehoerige physikalische und chemische Grundlagen. Angesprochen werden auch Ressourcen- und Umweltschutz sowie Schadstoffe aus Bauprodukten.

Automatic Analysis of Dewey Decimal Classification Notations

OpenAIRE

Reiner, Ulrike

2007-01-01

Ulrike Reiner, Verbundzentrale des Gemeinsamen Bibliotheksverbundes (VZG) Göttingen, stellte ihr Projekt der automatischen Analyse von Notationen der Dewey-Dezimalklassifikation (DDC) vor. DDC-Notationen zeichnen sich dadurch aus, dass sie in aller Regel lang und komplex sind und in ihrer Herstellung zahlreiche Regeln zu durchlaufen haben. Ihr Computerprogramm analysiert DDC-Notationen und gibt alle in einer DDC-Notation enthaltenen DDC-Notationen samt DDC-Klassenbenennungen aus. Die gewonnen...

Birches against mineral oils. Lignin - a renewable resource for the alternative production of phenols; Birke contra Erdoel. Lignin - ein nachwachsender Rohstoff zur alternativen Gewinnung von Phenolen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zehnpfund, C.; Bormann, J.; Wehrkamp zu Hoene, F. [Gymnasium Bersenbrueck (Germany)

1998-02-01

We wanted to offer an alternative for the `After-mineral oil time` with our work when we attempted to isolate phenols, which are won up to now from mineral oil, of a growing raw material. Phenols are economic important substances for production of epoxies, herbicides, artificial resins, dyes and drugs (e.g. aspirin or Paracetamol). We managed to isolate phenols with normal conditions of lignin, a component of wood. (orig.) [Deutsch] Wir wollten mit unserer Arbeit eine Alternative fuer die `Nach-Erdoel-Zeit` bieten, indem wir versuchten, Phenole, die bisher aus Erdoel gewonnen werden, aus einem nachwachsenden Rohstoff zu isolieren. Phenole sind volkswirtschaftlich bedeutsame Substanzen zur Herstellung von Kunststoffen, Herbiziden, Kunstharzen, Farbstoffen und Arzneimitteln (z.B. Aspirin oder Paracetamol). Es gelang uns, Phenole unter Normalbedingungen aus Lignin, einem Bestandteil des Holzes, zu isolieren. (orig.)

„… höher als die Liebe zur Wissenschaft steht die Treue zum eigenen Vaterland …“: Hallenser Romanisten im Ersten Weltkrieg

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Annette Schiller

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Die 1914 verbreitete Kriegsbegeisterung nahm auch die Romanisten nicht aus. Briefe und Tagebuchnotizen aus der Zeit zeigen, wie Lehrende und Studenten unseres Faches, deren gemeinsamer Bezug die Zugehörigkeit zum Romanischen Seminar Halle war, vom „Großen Krieg“ betroffen waren und führen uns die Situation und Geisteshaltung der Professoren und Studenten und die Rückwirkungen des Krieges auf das Fach vor Augen.

Ein Kredit für Weihnachtsbaumkugeln

Science.gov (United States)

Tutsch, Sina

Eine Mathematikerin aus dem DFG-Forschungszentrum Matheon arbeitet an Methoden zur dreidimensionalen Visualisierung. Sie hat die Geschäftsidee, Weihnachtsbaumkugeln mit bewegten Hologrammen herzustellen, die sich individuell gestalten lassen, und plant eine Existenzgründung. Aus einem öffentlichen Förderprogramm erhält sie ein günstiges Darlehen in Höhe von 50 000 Euro. Für die Startphase ihres Unternehmens benötigt sie jedoch den vierfachen Betrag.

Alternativen zur gegenwärtigen Finanzierung des öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunks

OpenAIRE

Terschüren, Anna

2014-01-01

Der Rundfunkbeitrag soll die öffentlich-rechtliche Rundfunkfinanzierung sicherstellen. Doch schon ein Jahr nach seiner Einführung zeigt sich, dass er zu ungerechtfertigt stärkeren Belastungen von Unternehmen und Kommunen führt. Zudem ist der Rundfunkbeitrag nicht verfassungskonform ausgestaltet. Die Autorin stellt ein alternatives System der Rundfunkfinanzierung vor, in dem auf Einnahmen aus Werbung und Sponsoring verzichtet und der öffentlich-rechtliche Rundfunk aus Steuermitteln finanziert ...

Huminsäuren in Oberflächensedimenten der Nordsee: Indikatoren für terrestrischen Eintrag?

OpenAIRE

Fooken, Ummo

2000-01-01

123 Huminsäureextrakte, überwiegend aus Oberflächensedimenten der Nordsee, aber auch aus anderen marinen und lacustrinen Sedimenten, sowie Torfen und terrestrischen Böden wurden über verschiedene spektroskopische (FT-IR, UV/Vis, NMR, Fluoreszenz) und elementanalytische Verfahren charakterisiert und verglichen. Anhand der erhaltenen Ergebnisse wurde untersucht, welche der gemessenen Parameter für eine Differenzierung mariner und terrestrischer Huminsäuren geeignet sind. Während beispielsweise ...

Die Sprache des Marketings und ihre Übersetzung: Morphologische und semantische Aspekte der Terminologie

OpenAIRE

Konovalova, Anastasia; Ruiz Yepes, Guadalupe

2016-01-01

Mit der schnellen Entwicklung der Fachsprachen im Bereich Wirtschaft wird auch die Wichtigkeit der Fachkommunikation in internationalen Unternehmen immer deutlicher. Für die Fachübersetzer wirtschaftlicher Texte bedeutet diese Entwicklung oft eine große Herausforderung. Dieser Aufsatz widmet sich der kontrastiven Analyse der Terminologie des Marketings für das Sprachenpaar Deutsch-Spanisch. Das analysierte Korpus besteht aus wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Beiträgen aus dem Bereich Marketing, d...

Kurz zum Klima: Schiefergas und Fracking

OpenAIRE

Triebswetter, Ursula; Lippelt, Jana

2012-01-01

Das Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Erdgas aus wenig durchlässigem Gestein, das in den USA erfundene und dort bereits weit verbreitete »Hydraulic Fracturing«, kurz Fracking, ist aus Umweltgründen umstritten. Der Beitrag skizziert zunächst die Technologie des Fracking, umreißt dann die weltweiten Lagerstätten und beschreibt die umweltpolitische Problematik. Abschließend wird die aktuelle Situation in Deutschland dargestellt.

Trennung und Rekombination von Ladungsträgern in Solarzellen mit nanostrukturierter ZnO-Elektrode

OpenAIRE

Tornow, Julian

2010-01-01

In dieser Arbeit werden Elektroden aus hydrothermal auf leitfähigem Glassubstrat (Leitglas) abgeschiedenen ZnO-Nanostangen betrachtet. Die Elektroden selbst sind für sichtbares Licht transparent und werden für eine Anwendung als Solarzelle mit einer lichtabsorbierenden Schicht sensibilisiert; hier sind das entweder metallorganische Farbstoffmoleküle (N3) oder eine nur wenige Nanometer dicke Schicht aus Indiumsulfid. Für die elektrische Kontaktierung der sensibilisierten Elektrode wird entwed...

Organic Trace Compounds as Emisions of Incineration Plants and their Toxicological and Ecotoxicological Classification - Part 2. Toxicological and ecotoxicological classification; Organische Spurenstoffe als Emissionen aus Verbrennungsanlagen und deren humantoxikologische und oekotoxikologische Einordnung. T. 2. Humantoxikologische und oekotoxikologische Einordnung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kaiser, G.; Wiedmann, T.; Ballschmiter, K.

1998-02-01

In this report (`Organic Trace Compounds as Emissions of Incineration Plants and their Toxicological and Ecotoxicologial Classification - Part 2: Toxicological and Ecotoxicological Classification`) emissions of organic compounds, measured from German municipal waste incineration plants, are compared with toxicological and ecotoxicological data, limits and threshold values and environmental baseline levels. Emission data of other combustion processes are integrated if available. A modern waste incineration plant, observing German emission regulations, emits less of most substances reported here than other industrial processes or e.g. the combustion of wood or coal. (orig.) [Deutsch] Im vorliegenden Arbeitsbericht (`Organische Spurenstoffe als Emissionen aus Verbrennungsanlagen und deren humantoxikologische und oekotoxikologische Einordnung - Teil 2: Humantoxikologische und oekotoxikologische Einordnung`) werden die realen organischen Emissionen von Muellverbrennungsanlagen in groesstmoeglicher stofflicher Differenzierung toxikologisch eingeordnet. Hierzu werden die Daten mit human-/oekotoxikologischen Kenngroessen, Grenz- und Orientierungswerten sowie mit der Hintergrundbelastung verglichen und die inhalative Zusatzbelastung wird berechnet. Diese liegt fuer alle Stoffe im Bereich von 10{sup -9} bis 10{sup -1} Prozent. Eine Ausnahme bilden die Phthalsaeureester mit einem Spitzenwert fuer die Zusatzbelastung von 6,5%. Wenn vorhanden, werden die Emissionsdaten von anderen Verbrennungsprozessen mit in die Einordnung aufgenommen. Von vielen Substanzklassen wird bei einer Abfallverbrennungsanlage, die die Grenzwerte der 17. BImSchV einhaelt, weniger an die Umgebungsluft abgegeben als bei anderen industriellen Prozessen oder z.B. bei der Verbrennung von Kohle oder Holz. (orig.)

Hot gas filtration: Investigations to remove gaseous pollutant components out of flue gas during hot gas filtration. Final report; HGR: Untersuchung zur Minimierung von gasfoermigen Schadstoffen aus Rauchgasen bei der Heissgasfiltration. Abschlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Christ, A; Gross, R; Renz, U

1998-07-01

, - numerische Simulation der kombinierten Abscheidung von Partikeln und gasfoermigen Schadstoffen aus Rauchgasen. (orig.)

Vienkamieniai asmenvardžiai su lie. darg-: jų pamatas ir ryšiai su dvikamieniais asmenvardžiais

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daiva Sinkevičiūtė

2011-12-01

Full Text Available DIE EINSTÄMMIGEN NAMEN MIT LIT. darg-: IHRERE GRUNDLAGE UND VERBINDUNGEN MIT DEN ZUSAMMENGESETZTEN NAMENZusammenfassungIn diesem Aufsatz wird die Grundlage der einstämmigen Namen mit darg- und ihrere Verbindungen mit diesen Stamm habenden zusammengesetzten Namen untersucht. Die vorhandenen Daten weisen darauf hin, daß die zusammengesetzten und einstämmigen Namen mit darg- nicht nur in Litauen, sondern auch in Lettland (? und Preußen anzutreffen sind. Baltische einstämmige Namen mit darg- bestehen: 1 aus dem ersten Stamm des zusammengesetzten Namens und dem Anfang des zweiten Stammes (litauische, lettische (? und preußische Namen, 2 aus dem ersten oder zweiten Stamm des zusammengesetzten Namens (litau­ische und preußische Namen.Den Stamm darg- habende einstämmige litauische Familiennamen, die sich auf die ersten oder zwei­ten Stämme, oder den ersten Stamm und den Anfang des zweiten Stammes der zusammengesetzten Na­men beziehen lassen, herrschen in den Arealen der Nord- und Südenniederlitauer vor. Durch die struktu­relle Analyse der zusammengesetzten und einstämmigen Namen mit darg- wird festgestellt, daß diese Namen miteinander in Verbindung stehen. Die niederlitauischen einstämmigen Namen mit darg- entstan­den aus den zusammengesetzten Namen der Strukturtypen Dar-gVC-, Dar-gVCC-. Die zusammengesetzten Namen mit dem Stamm darg- konnten aus den einstämmigen hypokoristischen Formen mit darg- später entstanden. Unter Berufung auf vorhandenes Material kann man behaupten, daß die hypokoristischen For­men mit darg- den Einfluß auf das System der zusammengesetzten Namen ausübten.

Triagem para o tratamento ambulatorial da neutropenia febril Screening for the outpatient treatment of febrile neutropenia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcelo Bellesso

2010-01-01

Full Text Available A neutropenia febril (NF é uma complicação frequente e potencialmente fatal nos pacientes em tratamento quimioterápico. Entendemos hoje que a neutropenia febril é considerada uma emergência clínica e que a administração de antibióticos de amplo espectro diminui drasticamente a mortalidade. Estudos sugerem que a neutropenia febril compreende um grupo extremamente heterogêneo e que dados clínicos como febre domiciliar, ausência de hipotensão, ausência de desidratação, ausência de doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica, ausência de outros sintomas, ausência de infecção fúngica prévia e idade Febrile neutropenia is a frequent and potentially fatal adverse event of chemotherapy. Nowadays, febrile neutropenia is considered an emergency and it is known that prompt infusion of antibiotics decreases mortality. Several studies demonstrated that febrile neutropenia is a heterogeneous group of diseases and that factors such as outpatient status, no hypotension, no dehydration, no chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, no symptoms, no previous fungal infection and age < 60 years are protective factors against serious complications as demonstrated by the Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC. These data show that outpatient treatment and early discharge is safer and much research has shown lower costs for outpatient treatment in low-risk patients with febrile neutropenia. The aim of this work is to review and discuss tools (in particular the MASCC index for safe screening of febrile neutropenia for outpatient treatment in addition to demonstrate results of research.

Mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of nitrided or oxinitrided, and powder painted regular and interstitial free (IF) drawing steel sheet

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rogalski, Z.; Latas, Z. [Instytut Mechaniki Precyzyjnej, ul. Duchnicka 3, 01-796 Warszawa (Poland)

2004-06-01

Specimens of 0.8 mm thick regular and interstitial free (IF) drawing steel sheet have been nitrided in fluidised bed for 2 hours at 620 C and 560 C with and without a post-oxidation, and slow and accelerated cooling. As a result, surface hardness, yield and tensile strength of the sheets increased considerably without a critical loss of ductility. Resistance welds between the sheets did not lose their original strength after nitriding-oxinitriding. Nitrided-oxinitrided at 620 C and then powder painted sheets, as compared with powder painted raw sheets, were more corrosion resistant in neutral salt spray and climatic tests. Some mechanical and anticorrosion properties of the IF steel sheet that had undergone the nitriding-oxinitriding processes were definitely better than those of equally processed regular steel sheet. (Abstract Copyright [2004], Wiley Periodicals, Inc.) [German] Proben aus 0,8 mm dickem Blech aus Ziehmassenstahl sowie aus Ziehstahl ohne interstitiel geloeste Legierungsanteile (IF), werden im Wirbelbett in 2 Stunden bei 620 und 560 {sup o}C nitriert mit nachfolgenden Oxidierung sowie alternativ ohne Oxidierung und mit langsamer und beschleunigter Abkuehlung. Infolge dessen nehmen die Haerte, die Dehngrenze und die Zugfestigkeit der Bleche zu, ohne kritischen Zaehigkeitsverlust. Die Widerstandsschweisswulste zwischen den Blechen nach dem Nitrieren-Oxinitrieren haben nicht an Festigkeit verloren. Die bei 620 {sup o}C nitrierten-oxinitrierten und nachfolgend mit Pulverlack beschichteten Bleche sind bei den Versuchen in Salznebel und bei klimatischen Versuchen korrosionbestaendiger im Vergleich mit den mit nur Pulverlack beschichteten Rohblechen. Manche der mechanischen und korrosionsverhalten betreffenden Eigenschaften der Bleche aus IF-Staehle sind entscheidend besser als fuer das ebenso behandelte Blech aus Ziehmassenstahl. (Abstract Copyright [2004], Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

The experience of artificial urinary sphincter implantation by a single surgeon in 15 years.

Science.gov (United States)

Shen, Yuan-Chi; Chiang, Po-Hui

2013-03-01

Artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) is the gold standard treatment for urinary incontinence owing to sphincter incompetence. We reviewed our experience in AUS implantation. From 1995 to 2009, 19 patients underwent 25 AUS implantations performed by a single surgeon. The cause of incontinence was sphincter incompetence, which was secondary to prostate surgery, neurogenic bladder, radiation, and post-traumatic urethral lesion. Twenty-three prostheses were placed in the bulbar urethra for male patients: 11 AUS cuffs were placed through the perineal approach and 12 through the penoscrotal approach. Two procedures were applied over the bladder neck for the female patients. Through a retrospective review of charts, continence and complications were analyzed. The mean follow-up time was 50.0 ± 42.9 months (range: 2-146 months). There were 16 successful surgeries (64%), and these patients were free from the need for a pad. In eight surgeries (32%), the devices were removed due to infection, while one implantation (4%) was unsuccessful due to perforation into the bulbar urethra. There was a statistically significant difference (p = 0.024) in failure rates between patients who received radiotherapy (100%) and other patients (22.7%). There was no statistically significant difference in dry and revision rates (p > 0.05) between the perineal and penoscrotal approach. Accordingly, over half of the patients with total incontinence benefitted from AUS implantation. In consideration of the high failure rate for patients receiving radiotherapy, caution should be exercised in the use of implantation. Secondary implantation has a satisfactory success rate in selected patients. The same success rate was noted for both perineal and penoscrotal approaches. Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Possibilities under the `Kreislaufwirtschaft- und Abfallgesetz` for the recycling or for energy generation from waste with a high calorific value having undergone mechanical-biological conditioning; Moeglichkeiten der energetischen und stofflichen Verwertung von heizwertreichen Reststoffen aus der mechanisch-biologischen Restabfallbehandlung im Rahmen des Kreislaufwirtschafts- und Abfallgesetzes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Franke, J.; Fricke, K. [Ingenieurgemeinschaft Witzenhausen Fricke und Turk GmbH, Witzenhausen (Germany)

1998-12-31

This (partial) project has the following aims: to describe comprehensively the possibilities for the recycling, or generation of energy from, waste with a high calorific value having undergone mechanical-biological conditioning; further, to formulate demands regarding the quality of the separated partial fractions. This basic study takes all relevant, commercial thermal processes into account (power plants, cement works, blast furnaces, etc.). Furthermore, the question is investigated of whether the thermal waste processing plants in the area of the Suedhessische Arbeitsgemeinschaft Abfall (SAGA) are suitable for waste utilization. An environmental compatibility statement is made, and the economic and legal boundary conditions are studied. (orig.) [Deutsch] Ziel des (Teil-)Forschungsvorhabens soll es sein, die Moeglichkeiten der energetischen und stofflichen Verwertung heizwertreicher Abfaelle aus der mechanisch-biologischen Restabfallbehandlung umfassend darzustellen und die Anforderungen an die Qualitaet der abgretrennten Teilfraktionen zu formulieren. Bei der Grundlagenermittlung sollen alle relevanten auf dem Markt angebotenen thermischen Verfahren (Kraftwerke, Zementwerke, Hochoefen usw.) mit einbezogen werden. Weiterhin sollen die im SAGA-Gebiet (Suedhessische Arbeitsgemeinschaft Abfall) vorhandenen thermsichen Anlagen auf ihre Eignung zur energetischen bzw. stofflichen Verwertung hin ueberprueft werden. Neben der Bewertung der Umweltvertraeglichkeit werden die oekonomischen und rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen untersucht. (orig.)

Adsorption of human insulin on single-crystal gold surfaces investigated by in situ scanning tunnelling microscopy and electrochemistry

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Welinder, Anna Christina; Zhang, Jingdong; Steensgaard, D.B.

2010-01-01

sweep, LSV, cyclic, CV, and square wave (SQWV) voltammetry. Multifarious electrochemical patterns were observed. Most attention was given to reductive desorption caused by insulin binding to the Au-surfaces via up to three disulfide groups per insulin monomer, presumably converted to single Au-S links....... SQWV suggested the Au-S bond strength order Au(111) > Au(110) > Au(100) based on the reductive desorption potentials. The voltammetric diversity was paralleled by different in situ STM insulin adsorption modes on the three surfaces. Single-molecule resolution was achieved in all cases. The coverage...... followed the order Au(110) > Au(100) > Au(111) and differs from the reductive desorption order that records the Au-S bonding element. Evenly distributed single molecules were scattered over large Au(111)-terraces, with intriguing molecular arrays disclosed near the terrace edges. In comparison, high...

Nostalgia for transcendence: on its meaning in B. Strauß' work

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fritz Wefelmeyer

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Botho Strauß hat die Frage der Sehnsucht nach Transzendenz von verschiedenen Gesichtspunkten aus immer wieder in seinem Werk behandelt. Da ist zunächst der Punkt, wie Gesellschaftstheorien und Weltbilder, denen er ursprünglich selbst gefolgt ist, diese Sehnsucht in eine falsche Richtung gelenkt und die wirkliche Rolle von Technologie unbehandelt gelassen haben. Strauß' eigene Analyse, die Überlegungen vor allem aus den Naturwissenschaften aufnimmt, vernachlässigt aber die Bedeutung schöpferischer Aktivität. Ein weiterer Gesichtspunkt ergibt sich aus Strauß' Darstellung des unglücklichen Bewusstseins des modernen Individuums und den Versuchen, dieses zu transzendieren. In einem letzten Punkt wird dann Strauß' eigener Versuch erörtert, im Kunstwerk Transzendenz zu schaffen. Der Artikel macht hier erneut auf die unterbelichtete Rolle schöpferischer Aktivität aufmerksam.

Readiness of pharmacists and consumers for pharmacy-based chlamydia screening in Australia and Switzerland.

Science.gov (United States)

Arnet, Isabelle; Gudka, Sajni; Salter, Sandra; Hersberger, Kurt E; Clifford, Rhonda

2018-06-01

To assess chlamydia knowledge, willingness to undertake pharmacy-based chlamydia testing, and facilitators and barriers to such testing in consumers and community pharmacists, in Australia (AUS) and Switzerland (CH). Statements of interest were retrieved from literature and assembled into a 12-item online survey (English and German versions). Survey was disseminated through Facebook, pharmacies' publicly available emails and professional websites (March 2015). Consumers and pharmacists (AUS: n cons  = 198, n pharm  = 162; CH: n cons  = 209, n pharm  = 223) were predominantly female (>65%). Mean chlamydia knowledge scores (maximum of 8) were higher in Australia in consumers (AUS: 6.8 ± 1.5 vs CH: 4.2 ± 2.4; p business. Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Legal consequences emanating from EC directives and agreements of the WTO with respect to irradiation of food with ionizing radiation; Rechtliche Konsequenzen fuer die ionisierende Bestrahlung von Lebensmitteln aus EG-Richtlinien und WTO-Abkommen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dederer, H.G. [Bonn Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Oeffentliches Recht

1999-07-01

The author discusses aspects of international harmonization of laws and regulations in this field and describes such activities at the European level and within the EU, and under WTO agreements. (orig./CB) [German] Zur Verwirklichung des Binnenmarktes fuer Lebensmittel kommen nach dem EG-Vertrag Massnahmen der Rechtsangleichung in Betracht (Art. 100a Abs. 1 EGV). Insoweit beruht die Freiheit des Lebensmittelverkehrs im Binnenmarkt auf der gemeinschaftsweiten Harmonisierung der nationalen lebensmittelrechtlichen Regelungen. Ausserhalb dieses harmonisierten Bereichs gewaehrleistet die unmittelbar im EG-Vertrag in Art. 30 verankerte Warenverkehrsfreiheit den freien Verkehr mit Lebensmitteln im gesamten Gebiet der Gemeinschaft. Insoweit folgt aus der Cassis de Dijon-Rechtsprechung des Gerichtshofes der Europaeischen Gemeinschaften (EuGH) das Prinzip der gegenseitigen Anerkennung: Lebensmittel, die in einem anderen Mitgliedstaat rechtmaessig hergestellt oder dort rechtmaessig in Verkehr gebracht worden sind, duerfen grundsaetzlich in jedem anderen Mitgliedsstaat vermarktet werden. Dabei stellt der Schutz der Verbraucher eine vom EuGH bereits in die Gewaehrleistung des freien Warenverkehrs in Art. 30 EGV hineingelesene ('immanente') Schranke dar. Daneben darf der freie Warenverkehr gemaess Art. 36 EGV ausdruecklich auch zum Schutz der menschlichen Gesundheit eingeschraenkt werden. In dem auf der Grundlage des Art. 100a Abs. 1 EGV harmonisierten Bereich des Warenverkehrs soll ein hohes Niveau des Gesundheits- und Verbraucherschutzes verwirklicht werden (vgl. Art. 100a Abs. 3 EGV). Art. 100a EGV wird auch die Kompetenzgrundlage fuer zwei sich ergaenzende EG-Richtlinien ueber die ionisierende Bestrahlung von Lebensmitteln sein, deren Entwuerfe gegenwaertig auf der Ebene der Europaeischen Gemeinschaft beraten werden. (orig.)

Jade aus Amerika und weitere Grünsteinobjekte von Alexander von Humboldt aus dem Berliner Mineralienkabinett

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Renate Nöller

2002-04-01

Full Text Available Article in German, Abstracts in English, Spanish and German.Alexander von Humboldt sent samples of minerals from America not only for scientific or economic purposes. We also find carved pieces made out of green stone material known as Jade, that has been culturally very important in Mesoamerica. In Europe these green stone objects have been treated differently. The Jade-Celt and the Sun-Disc - known as “Humboldt-Axt” and “Humboldt-Scheibe” - both lost during the second world war, had gained great interest, whereas a small head-pendant - made out of Jade has been totally forgotten. The samples reflect the understanding of their worth in distinct cultural contexts.

Konzepte und Realisierung einer kontextbasierten Intranet-Suchmaschine

OpenAIRE

Mangold, Christoph M.

2007-01-01

Suchmaschinen sind ein wichtiges Werkzeug zur Recherche von Dokumenten - nicht nur im World Wide Web, sondern gleichermaßen im Intranet von Unternehmen. Herkömmliche Dokumentensuchmaschinen werten zur Beantwortung von Suchanfragen lediglich den Inhalt, d.h. den Text der Dokumente aus. Der Ansatz der vorliegenden Arbeit basiert darauf, dass nicht nur der Text sondern ebenfalls der Kontext der Dokumente in die Auswertung miteinbezogen wird. Die Kontextinformation der Dokumente wird dazu aus d...

Entwicklung und Umsetzung eines XML-basierten elektronischen Arzneimittelinformationssystems (AIS) mit XML-Topic Maps

OpenAIRE

Bánffy-Jósika, Emmerich

2006-01-01

Die Arzneimittelliste im Klinikum der Justus-Liebig-Universiät Gießen wurde erstmals 1974 unter dem Namen Hausliste erstellt, und war aus damaliger Sicht eine wertvolle Arbeitserleichterung, allerdings boten die einfachen Textdokumente aus heutiger Sicht keine optimalen Suchmöglichkeiten. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit lag somit darin, die wertvollen Dokumentinhalte der alten Version der Hausliste optimal nutzbar zu machen, und damit ein modernes Arzneimittelinformationssystem zu etablieren. Dafür wu...

Verfahren zur genbasierten Diagnose eines Legasthenierisikos

OpenAIRE

Wilcke, Arndt; Ahnert, Peter; Kirsten, Holger; Ligges, Carolin; Boltze, Johannes

2016-01-01

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Diagnose eines Legasthenierisikos, umfassend die Schritte: a) Bereitstellung einer Nukleinsäure beinhaltenden Probe von einem zu diagnostizierenden Menschen, b) Bestimmung des Genotyps der Nukleinsäure der Probe für mindestens eine chromosomale Region, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus der Region von Nukleotid 12091000 bis 12200000 des Chromosoms 1, der Region von Nukleotid 89066000 bis 89088000 des Chromosoms 15, der Region von Nukle...

Explorative Faktorenanalyse

OpenAIRE

Klopp, Eric

2010-01-01

Die explorative Faktorenanalyse (EFA) ist ein Verfahren aus der multivariaten Statistik. Mithilfe der Faktorenanalyse kann aus den Beobachtungen vieler manifester Variablen (z .B Items eines Fragebogens) auf wenige zugrunde liegende latente Variablen, die Faktoren genannt werden, geschlossen werden. Eine EFA führt zu einer Reduktion der Variablen auf wenige, den manifesten Variablen zugrunde liegende Faktoren. Der folgende Text gibt einen Überblick über die Grundlagen der EFA sowie der wichti...

Untersuchungen zum in vivo Differenzierungspotenzial muriner und humaner hämatopoetischer sowie muriner neuraler Stammzellen

OpenAIRE

Harder, Friedrich

2003-01-01

Zusammenfassung Im Zuge der Säugerentwicklung entsteht aus der totipotenten Eizelle ein Organismus aus mehr als 200 verschiedenen Zelltypen. Dabei wird die Entwicklung und der Erhalt des Tieres von Stammzellen gewährleistet. Während der Embryonalentwicklung gibt es nur transient vorkommende Stammzelltypen, während der adulte Körper die Homoeostase mittels permanent vorhandener somatischer Stammzellen aufrechterhält. Als kennzeichnend für die somatischen Stammzellen galt, dass sie nur die Zell...

Ketal-Synthese mit Brønsted-aciden ionischen Flüssigkeiten als Katalysator in zweiphasigen Reaktionssystemen

OpenAIRE

Thomann, Michael

2017-01-01

In dieser Arbeit wurde ein neuartiges Verfahren zur Produktion von 2,2-Dimethoxypropan (DMP) aus Aceton und Methanol unter Verwendung von Brønsted-aciden ionischen Flüssigkeiten (BAILs) als Katalysator in einer flüssig-flüssig Zweiphasenreaktion entwickelt. Darüber hinaus wurde die Anwendung des neuartigen Zweiphasenprozesses in der Herstellung von Ketalen aus höhermolekularen linearen Ketonen, insbesondere 2-Butanon, und Methanol demonstriert. Im Unterschied zu bisher publizierten Verfahren ...

Die Entwicklung der Keramik von 3000 BP bis zur Gegenwart in den Tonebenen südlich des Tschadsees

OpenAIRE

Wiesmüller, Birgitt

2003-01-01

Den Kern der hier vorliegenden Arbeit bildet die Gliederung der Keramikfunde von drei Siedlungshügeln aus den Tonebenen (auch firki genannt) des südwestlichen Tschadbeckens Nordost- Nigerias. Obwohl das Gebiet in den 60er Jahren bereits archäologisch erschlossen wurde, waren die keramikchronologischen Aspekte nur oberflächlich abgehandelt worden. Ziel der Arbeit war somit die Erstellung einer grundlegenden Keramikchronologie anhand der sehr umfangreichen Fundmengen aus den Siedlungshügeln Kur...

Adaptive Regenerative Braking in Electric Vehicles

OpenAIRE

Kubaisi, Rayad

2018-01-01

Elektrofahrzeuge fahren lokal emissionsfrei und tragen damit dazu bei, die Emissionen in Städten zu reduzieren. Zusätzlich, zeichnen sich Elektrofahrzeuge durch ein dynamisches Fahrverhalten aus. Nachteilig wirkt sich bei den meisten Elektrofahrzeugen, die geringe Reichweite auf die Akzeptanz bei Neuwagenkäufern aus. Eine der Maßnahmen zur Erhöhung der Reichweite von Elektrofahrzeuge ist das regenerative Bremsen. Hierbei wird die kinetische Energie des Fahrzeugs durch generatorisches...

Methodology of gender research and local development concepts: report on workshop, 11-12 November 1999

OpenAIRE

Klein-Hessling, Ruth

2000-01-01

Der Workshop "Methodology of Gender Research and Local Development Concepts" wurde aus Anlass eines Besuches zweier Angehöriger der 'Ahfad University of Women' Omdurmman, Sudan von der 'Gender Division of the Sociology of Development Research Centre' an der Universität Bielefeld organisiert und von ungefähr 30 Teilnehmern besucht. Erfahrungen von empirischen Feldforschungsarbeiten aus dem Sudan, Kenia, Ruanda, Westafrika und Südasien bildeten den Ausgangspunkt für Diskussionen über methodolo...

Untersuchungen zur oxidativen Bildung von Stickstoffmonoxid in Pflanzen sowie zur Visualisierung von Stickstoffmonoxid mittels Fluoreszenzfarbstoffen

OpenAIRE

Rümer, Stefan

2013-01-01

Stickstoffmonoxid (NO) ist ein gasförmiges, relativ stabiles Radikal, das in Pflanzen u. a. durch Reduktion aus Nitrit unter Katalyse des Enzyms Nitratreduktase gebildet wird. In tierischen Organismen wird NO dagegen über einen oxidativen Syntheseweg aus der Ami-nosäure L-Arginin katalysiert durch verschiedene Isoformen der NO-Synthasen (NOS) hergestellt. Es besitzt im tierischen System vielfältige Funktionen u. a. als Neurotransmitter sowie Blutfluss und -druck regulierendes Agens. Im Pflanz...

Optimised operation and management of natural gas distribution systems with the geographic information system GIS; Gasnetze besser verwalten und optimieren mit GIS

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Niehoerster, K.

2001-02-01

The geographic information system of the natural gas utility Ruhrgas AG is explained. It consists of a great variety of products for acquisition, up-dating and visualization of geographic data, as well as specific software solutions for customized applications. (orig./CB) [German] Das geographische Informationssystem der Ruhrgas AG wird ausfuehrlich beschrieben. Es besteht aus einer Vielzahl von Produkten zur Erfassung, Pflege und Visualisierung von geografischen Daten, sowie aus spezifischen Softwareloesungen fuer Kundenanwendungen. (orig./CB)

Determinants of gender-specific wages in Germany

OpenAIRE

Heinze, Anja

2009-01-01

Diese Arbeit besteht aus empirischen und methodischen Beiträgen zur Literatur über den deutschen Lohnunterschied zwischen Männern und Frauen. Bisher war es aus Mangel an geeigneten Daten nicht möglich, den potentiellen Einfluss von Arbeitgebern bzw. Firmen auf diesen Lohnunterschied zu untersuchen. Auf der Basis neuer Linked Employer-Employee Daten wird dies in drei empirischen Studien untersucht. Die erste Studie wendet sich dem innerbetrieblichen Lohnunterschied zu. Dabei zeigt sich, dass...

Rumen degradability of some feed legume seeds

OpenAIRE

González , Javier; Andrés , Santiago

2003-01-01

International audience; The aim of this work was to determine the effective degradability (ED) of CP for different feed legume seeds and the possible relationship with their physical and chemical characteristics. The ED was measured using nylon bags and rumen outflow rate techniques on three rumen cannulated wethers fed at 40 g DM$\\cdot$kg$^{-0.75}$, with a 2:1 (on DM basis) hay to concentrate diet. Nine seed samples of the following legume species were tested: lupin (Lupinus albus L., cultiv...

Polyethylene glycol and polyvinylpirrolidone effect on bacterial rRNA extraction and hybridization from cells exposed to tannins.

OpenAIRE

ARCURI, P.B.; THONNEY, M.L.; SCHOFIELD, P.; PELL, A.N.

2003-01-01

In order to detect fluctuations in ruminal microbial populations due to forage tannins using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) probes, recovery of intact rRNA is required. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyvinylpirrolidone (PVP) on extraction of bacterial rRNA, in the presence of tannins from tropical legume forages and other sources, that hybridize with oligonucleotide probes. Ruminococcus albus 8 cells were exposed to 8 g/L tannic acid or 1 g/...

Polyethylene glycol and polyvinylpirrolidone effect on bacterial rRNA extraction and hybridization from cells exposed to tannins Efeito de polietilenoglicol e polivinilpirrolidona na extração e hibridização de rRNA bacteriano de células expostas a taninos

OpenAIRE

Pedro Braga Arcuri; Michael Larry Thonney; Peter Schofield; Alice Nelson Pell

2003-01-01

In order to detect fluctuations in ruminal microbial populations due to forage tannins using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) probes, recovery of intact rRNA is required. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyvinylpirrolidone (PVP) on extraction of bacterial rRNA, in the presence of tannins from tropical legume forages and other sources, that hybridize with oligonucleotide probes. Ruminococcus albus 8 cells were exposed to 8 g/L tannic acid or 1 g/...

Thermodynamic aspects of heavy metal volatility during utilisation of the energetic and material fraction of waste materials; Schwermetallfluechtigkeit bei der energetischen und stofflichen Verwertung von Abfaellen aus der Sicht der Thermodynamik

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Meyer, B; Starke, A [TU Bergakademie Freiberg (Germany). Inst. IEC

1998-09-01

Co-combustion plants, in which fuel is partly substituted by waste materials, are subject to the 17th BImSchV (Nuisance Control Ordinance) provided that the thermal fraction of 25% is not exceeded. Emission limits are calculated proportionately on the basis of limiting values for emissions from coal power stations (13th BImSchV) and waste incinerators (17th BImSchV). Compared to coal, waste has higher concentrations of heavy metals and halogens, which results in enhanced emissions of heavy metal compounds and chlorides with the flue gas and gasification gas. Plant operators intending to opt for co-combustion must check if the existing flue gas purification system is efficient enough to meet the specifications of the 17th BImSchV. In general, thermodynamic modelling is the most common method of evaluation and optimisation for high-temperature processes of this kind. (orig./SR) [Deutsch] Da bei der Mitverbrennung ein Teil des Brennstoffes durch den Reststoff substituiert wird, unterliegen diese Anlagen der Anteilsregelung nach 17. BImSchV, sofern ein thermischer Anteil von 25% nicht ueberschritten wird. Emissionsgrenzwerte werden anteilig aus den z.B. fuer Kohlekraftwerke gueltigen Grenzwerten nach TA Luft oder 13. BImSchV und denen fuer Abfaelle u.ae. nach 17 BImSchV ermittelt. Der hier betrachtete Reststoff Muell beinhaltet im Vergleich zur Kohle hohe Konzentrationen an Schwermetallen und Halogenen. Dies laesst eine erhoehte Emission von Schwermetallverbindungen und Chloriden mit dem Rauchgas bzw. Vergasungsgas erwarten. Es muss in jedem Fall ueberprueft werden, ob die vorhandene Rauchgasreinigung ausreicht, wenn bei der Mitverbrennung/-vergasung die Emissionsgrenzwerte der 17. BImSchV zur Anwendung kommen. Als Bewertungs- und Optimierungsmethode fuer derartige Hochtemperaturprozesse setzt sich die thermodynamische Modellierung zunehmend durch. (orig./SR)

Combined PACS and intranet information system in a University Hospital; Kombiniertes PACS und Intranet-Informationssystem an einem Universitaetsklinikum

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Heiss, D.; Pfluger, T.; Pfeifer, K.J.; Hahn, K. [Muenchen Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Radiologische Diagnostik; Koenig, A.; Endres, S. [Muenchen Univ. (Germany). Medizinische Klinik Innenstadt

2000-06-01

Purpose: The Department of Radiology at the University Hospital Innenstadt Munich provides all clinical departments of a large university hospital with several radiology units at different locations. During the last four years all units have been fully digitalized with a stepwise installation of a PACS. The PACS also processes images from the Nuclear Medicine Department. Methods: As image modalities, archive systems and review workstations, we use devices from multiple vendors, which are integrated into a consistent system using the DICOM standard. The hospital has developed its own RIS and an intranet information system, which provides access to all reports and images from radiology for all clinical departments inside the hospital. Additionally, other clinical information such as laboratory results or ECG examinations are available through the system. Results: After one year of operation, the system succeeded in the clinical routine work as the primary source for radiological reports and images as well as for laboratory values. Conclusion: The advantages of digitalization were, besides reduction of film cost, especially optimizations of work flow with access to digital images from every where at any time. (orig.) [German] Ziel: Das Institut fuer Radiologische Diagnostik am Universitaetsklinikum Muenchen - Innenstadt versorgt mit mehreren, dezentral gelegenen Roentgenbereichen alle klinischen Abteilungen eines grossen Universitaetsklinikums. In einem Projekt der vergangenen vier Jahre wurden alle Bereiche durch die schrittweise Installation eines PACS vollstaendig digitalisiert. Dabei wurden auch nuklearmedizinische Bilddaten aus der Klinik und Poliklinik fuer Nuklearmedizin im System verarbeitet. Methoden: Eingesetzt wurden als Bilderzeuger, Archivsystem und Befundungsstationen Geraete unterschiedlicher Hersteller, die dank des DICOM Standards in einem einheitlichen System integriert sind. Neben dem PACS wurde von Mitarbeitern der Klinik ein RIS und ein Intranet

Disponibilidade de zinco para milho pelos extratores Mehlich-1, Mehlich-3 e DPTA em solos de Minas Gerais, na presença e ausência de calagem Zinc availability to maize in different soils with and without liming determined by Mehlich-1, Mehlich-3 and DTPA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Agna Almeida Menezes

2010-04-01

Full Text Available No Brasil, diversos extratores químicos são utilizados na determinação de Zn disponível para as plantas, destacando-se Mehlich-1 e DTPA. Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de estudar a disponibilidade de Zn em solos de Minas Gerais em função de doses de Zn e de calcário e extratores químicos, utilizando-se milho como planta indicadora. Os extratores estudados foram: (a Mehlich-1 com filtragem lenta após a extração (M-1f; (b Mehlich-1 com retirada do sobrenadante após 16 h de repouco (M-1s; (c Mehlich-3 (M-3; e (d DTPA. As amostras receberam adubação básica com macro e micronutrientes (-Zn e cinco doses de Zn na forma de ZnSO4 (0, 2, 4 6 e 8 mg dm-3 de Zn na ausência ou presença de calagem. Quinze dias após a fertilização, subamostras foram coletadas para a determinação de Zn pelos extratores. Para Mehlich-1, o extrato foi obtido por meio de dois procedimentos: filtragem logo após extração (M-1f e retirada de alíquota após 16 h (M-1s. O restante do solo foi acondicionado em vasos plásticos, para o cultivo do milho durante 50 dias. A capacidade de extração variou na seguinte ordem: M-1s > M-1f > M-3 > DTPA, para todos os solos, na ausência e na presença de calagem. O M-1s e o M-3 não apresentaram diferenças na capacidade de extração com a calagem, enquanto M-1f e DTPA foram sensíveis à calagem. Os teores de Zn obtidos com todos os extratores correlacionaram-se significativa e negativamente com o teor de argila e a capacidade de campo dos solos, tanto na ausência como na presença de calagem. Os teores obtidos com DTPA apresentaram maior correlação com características de solo na presença de calagem, indicando que esse extrator aumentou sua sensibilidade à capacidade-tampão em valores mais elevados de pH. Todos os extratores mostraram correlações com o conteúdo de Zn na planta; portanto, podem ser utilizados na avaliação da disponibilidade de Zn do solo.In Brazil, plant-available Zn in the

Ausência de fluxo aéreo nasal e desenvolvimento dos seios maxilares Absence of nasal air flow and maxillary sinus development

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Roberto Eustáquio dos Santos Guimarães

2007-04-01

Full Text Available Os mecanismos responsáveis pelo desenvolvimento dos seios paranasais ainda são pouco conhecidos, o fluxo aéreo nasal segundo uma das teorias propostas seria fundamental ao crescimento e desenvolvimento saudável dos seios paranasais. OBJETIVO: Estudar comparativamente o desenvolvimento dos seios maxilares e a presença de sinusopatia, em um mesmo modelo, na ausência e presença de fluxo aéreo nasal posterior. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo transversal de uma série de casos; os exames tomográficos pré-operatórios de 7 pacientes com atresia coanal unilateral, idade média 16.28 anos (± 5,024. Este estudo realizado em um hospital terciário, com pacientes que passaram neste serviço entre os anos de 1994 e 2004. A área dos seios maxilares foi medida com auxílio do programa Auto-Cad. Utilizou-se o teste de Kruskal-Wallis para análise estatística. RESULTADOS: Nesse estudo observou-se seios maxilares simétricos e até mesmo maiores no lado da atresia coanal em 85,71% dos casos, não houve diferença estatística significativa entre os dois lados comparados. Não se observou sinais de tomográficos de sinusopatia neste grupo de pacientes. CONCLUSÃO: Os achados aqui apresentados contrariam a teoria difusamente aceita sobre o papel do fluxo aéreo nasal na saúde e no desenvolvimento das cavidades paranasais.Paranasal sinuses development mechanisms are not well known. Nasal air flow, according to one of the proposed theories, would be fundamental to the growth and healthy development of paranasal sinuses. AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the maxillary sinus growth and health in the presence and absence of postnasal air flow through a unique model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective study of a series of cases; preoperative CT scans of 7 patients with unilateral choanal atresia, average age was 16.28 years (± 5.024. This study was done in a tertiary hospital, with patients treated between 1994 and 2004. The area of

Psychosocial Stress and Addison's Disease

OpenAIRE

Wolf, Jutta Manuela

2006-01-01

Die Psychoneuroimmunologie beschäftigt sich unter anderem mit der Frage, ob und unter welchen Bedingungen psychosozialer Stress krank macht. Humanstudien, die dieser Frage nachgehen, können dabei meist nur korrelative Zusammenhänge aufdecken. Um trotzdem Aussagen zu Mechanismen, Ursache-Wirkungsbeziehungen und klinische Relevanz treffen zu können, muss z.B. auf Befunde aus der Tierforschung oder aus in vitro-Studien zurückgegriffen werden. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, eine Methode zu ...

The future of sewage sludge disposal in Germany; Wohin entwickelt sich die Klaerschlammentsorgung in Deutschland?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Loll, U. [Abwasser-Abfall-Aquatechnik, Darmstadt (Germany)

2002-07-01

The contribution attempts an outline of future trends in sewage sludge disposal in Germany. [German] Zum Zeitpunkt der vorliegenden Manuskripterstellung (Mitte Februar 2002) war aus der amtlichen Diskussion keine realitaetsnahe Tendenz zur anstehenden Novellierung der Klaerschlammverordnung ableitbar. Im Nachfolgenden werden auf der Basis der aktuelisten Publikationen sowie zugehoeriger Meinungsaeusserungen aus dem Bereich des Bundesministeriums fuer Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit (BMU) sowie des Umweltbundesamtes (UBA) die moeglichen Entwicklungen und deren Folgen fuer die zukuenftige Duengepraxis abgeleitet. (orig.)

Radiation, fields and waves. Non-ionizing radiation in everyday life. Vol. 15. Seminar lectures; Strahlen, Felder und Wellen. Nichtionisierende Strahlung im taeglichen Umfeld. Bd. 15. Seminarband

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Behling, G.; Koller, U.; Rauh, K.; Haury, H.J. [comps.

1999-11-01

Experts from science and administration informed the participants about recent results of scientific research and the applicable laws and regulations. Potential health hazards and recommended protective measures have been discussed. The publication presents the lectures held at the seminar. (orig./CB) [German] Fachleute aus Wissenschaft und von Behoerden informierten ueber aktuelle Erkenntnisse sowie das gesetzliche Regelwerk. Aus unterschiedlichen Blickwinkeln wurden moegliche gesundheitliche Risiken und vorgeschlagene Sicherheitsempfehlungen diskutiert. Der vorliegende Band enthaelt die ausgearbeiteten Vortraege. (orig./MG)

Untersuchung der Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalat (DEHP)-Belastung der Allgemeinbevölkerung – Durchführung eines Human-Biomonitorings

OpenAIRE

Koch, Holger Martin

2007-01-01

i-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalat (DEHP) ist einer der bedeutendsten Weichmacher für PVC-Polymere mit Produktionszahlen im Bereich um 1 Million Tonnen pro Jahr weltweit. Als sog. äußerer Weichmacher ist DEHP nicht kovalent an den Kunststoff gebunden und blutet so mehr oder weniger schnell aus diesem aus und kann so die Umwelt, Nahrungsmittel oder den Menschen belasten. DEHP steht unter dringendem Verdacht, als Endokriner Disruptor/Modulator ins menschliche Hormonsystem einzugreifen und so eine Vielzah...

Das El Niño/Southern Oscillation-Phänomen / The El Niño/Southern Oscillation Phenomenon

OpenAIRE

Latif, Mojib

2006-01-01

Zusammenfassung Das El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-Phänomen ist die stärkste kurzfristige natürliche Klimaschwankung auf Zeitskalen von einigen Monaten bis zu mehreren Jahren. Obwohl ENSO seinen Ursprung im äquatorialen Pazifik hat, wirkt es sich dennoch auf das globale Klima aus. ENSO resultiert aus der Wechselwirkung zwischen Ozean und Atmosphäre und ist einige Monate im voraus vorhersagbar. Es besteht die Möglichkeit, dass der anthropogene Klimawandel die ENSO-Statistik...

Photoelectron spectroscopy of self-assembled monolayers of molecular switches on noble metal surfaces; Photoelektronenspektroskopie selbstorganisierter Adsorbatschichten aus molekularen Schaltern auf Edelmetalloberflaechen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Heinemann, Nils

2012-09-12

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of butanethiolate (C4) on single crystalline Au(111) surfaces were prepared by adsorption from solution. The thermally activated desorption behaviour of the C4 molecules from the gold substrate was examined by qualitative thermal desorption measurements (TDM), through this a desorption temperature T{sub Des}=473 K could be determined. With this knowledge, it was possible to produce samples of very good surface quality, by thermal treatment T{sub Sample}Au-S bond of the thiolate. The energy of the other resonance state agreed well with an interface state reported before for SAMs of an other alkanethiol on Au(111) in a densely packed phase. Furthermore the 2PPE data indicated that the high quality of the ex situ prepared SAMs supported the formation of image potential states. The reversible photo- and thermally activated isomerization of the molecular switch 3-(4-(4-Hexyl-phenylazo)-phenoxy)-propane-1-thiol (ABT), deposited by self-assembly from solution on Au(111), was examined using laser-based photoelectron spectroscopy. Differences in the molecular dipole moment characteristic for the trans and the cis isomer of ABT were observed via changes in the sample work function, accessible by detection of the threshold energy for photoemission. A quantitative