Colonization of nursing professionals by Staphylococcus aureus La colonización de los profesionales de enfermería por Staphylococcus aureus A colonização dos profissionais de enfermagem por Staphylococcus aureus

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Josely Pinto de Moura

2011-04-01

evidenciaron que son las enfermeras y los técnicos de enfermería las categorías profesionales más susceptibles al MRSA. Es necesario realizar una discusión más amplia sobre la temática e las intervenciones.Este é um estudo transversal e teve como objetivo investigar a presença de Staphylococcus aureus na saliva da equipe de enfermagem de um hospital escola, do interior paulista. Foram coletadas três amostras da saliva de 351 indivíduos, com intervalo de dois meses. Todos os aspectos éticos foram contemplados. Em 867 (82,3% culturas não houve identificação de Staphylococcus aureus na saliva, em 88 (17,7% culturas foi isolado Staphylococcus aureus, sendo 26 (2,5% resistentes à meticilina. A prevalência de profissionais colonizados por Staphylococcus aureus foi de 41,0% (144/351, dos quais 7,1% (25/351 foram caracterizados como Staphylococcus aureus resistentes à meticilina. Os carreadores transitórios representaram 81,2% e os persistentes 18,8%. A resistência à mupirocina foi de 73,1% entre os resistentes à meticilina e 9,3% nos sensíveis à meticilina. Os resultados evidenciaram que enfermeiras e os técnicos de enfermagem representam as categorias profissionais mais suscetíveis ao MRSA. Discussão mais ampla sobre a temática e intervenções se fazem necessárias.

Preliminary study of community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus infection in Manaus Hospital, Amazonia Region, Brazil Estudo preliminar das infeccões por Staphylococcus aureus na comunidade de um Hospital em Manaus, Região do Amazonas, Brasil

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Jesus M. Egido

2003-12-01

Full Text Available Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus is considered a public health problem with a strong potential for dissemination and high rates of morbidity and mortality. In this study we describe bacteriological and epidemiological characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus in Manaus (Amazon region. During the one-year study period (2000-2001, sixteen cases of acute pyogenic multiple abscess were evaluated. Community-acquired S. aureus was identified as causative agent in 10 (62.5% patients. The strains tested with antimicrobials by discs diffusion method, exhibited a high rate of sensitivity to cephalexin (100%, erythromycin (90%. Oxacillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus was 90%. No isolate was resistant to Vancomycin. To our knowledge, no series of community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus in Manaus hospital has been published. Our partial results showed a high rate of antimicrobial sensitivity among community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus in the hospital of Tropical Medicine Institute of Manaus, Amazon Region.O Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina é considerado como um problema na saúde publica por seu grande potencial de disseminação e altas porcentagens de morbidade e mortalidade. No estudo descrevemos as características bacteriológicas e epidemiológicas do Staphylococcus aureus na cidade de Manaus. No período de um ano (2000-2001 avaliou-se dezesseis casos de abscessos piogênicos múltiplos. Em 10 (62,5% doentes o agente causal foi identificado como Staphylococcus aureus adquirido na comunidade O estudo das bacterias isoladas frente aos diferentes antimicrobianos, seguindo o método de difusão em disco, mostrou boa sensibilidade a cefalexina (100% e eritromicina (90%. Noventa porcento dos Staphylococcus aureus isolados foram sensíveis ao oxacilina. Nenhum dos isolados mostrou ser resistente a Vancomicina. Não temos informações sobre publicações dos Staphylococcus aureus adquiridos na comunidade em hospitais de Manaus

Presentación atípica de piomiositis tropical difusa de psoas por Staphylococcus aureus meticilino resistente Atypical presentation of diffuse tropical pyomiositis of the psoas due to methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus

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Ray Ticse

2012-03-01

Full Text Available La piomiositis tropical difusa primaria es una enfermedad de presentación infrecuente en nuestro medio, con pocos casos asociados a Staphylococcus aureus meticilino resistente, adquirido en la comunidad (MRSA-AC. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 70 años, con tratamiento irregular para diabetes mellitus tipo 2, que fue hospitalizado por presentar un cuadro de diez días de evolución, con dolor lumbar irradiado a miembro inferior izquierdo, fiebre y flexión forzada de la cadera derecha por dolor a la movilización. El diagnóstico de piomiositis difusa de ambos psoas se realizó con resonancia magnética. Del cultivo de una colección paravertebral posterior se aisló Staphylococcus aureus resistente a oxacilina, penicilina y dicloxacilina.Diffuse tropical primary pyomyositis is an infrequent entity in our country, with few cases associated to communityacquired Methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus. There are no reported cases of Community-Acquired Methicillin- Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA- MRSA in Peru. We present the case of a 70 year old male with a previous diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus, receiving irregular treatment, who was admitted to the hospital with a history of 10 days of low back pain radiating to the left leg, fever and forced flexion of the right hip due to pain during movement. The diagnosis of diffuse pyomyositis of both psoas muscles was performed with MRI and culture of a posterior paravertebral collection, from which Staphylococcus aureus resistant to oxacillin, penicillin and dicloxacillin was isolated.

Prevalencia de Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina en infecciones de piel y partes blandas en pacientes ambulatorios

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Verónica Bermejo

2012-08-01

Full Text Available Recientemente se ha observado un aumento en la prevalencia de Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina (SAMR en pacientes ambulatorios con infecciones de piel y partes blandas (IPyPB. Los datos epidemiológicos locales disponibles son limitados. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo, de consultantes con IPyPB en la División Infectología del Hospital General de Agudos Juan A. Fernández, en el período 01/10/2009 a 31/01/2011. Fueron 130; edad mediana 36 años (RIC 25.9-43.5; hombres 61.5%. El 46.9% era HIV+. Cien cultivos (76.9%, de 100 pacientes, resultaron positivos: 83 S. aureus, 8 Streptococcus spp. y 9 con otros microorganismos. De los S. aureus aislados, 62 (74.7% fueron resistentes a oxacilina, 12 (14.4% a clindamicina, 14 (16.9% a eritromicina, 5 (6% a ciprofloxacina, presentando en algunos casos más de una resistencia. Todos fueron sensibles a rifampicina y minociclina, y 98.8% (82 a trimetoprima-sulfametoxazol. El 83.8% (52 de los pacientes con SAMR tenían algún factor de riesgo (FR, sin diferencias con los pacientes con otros aislamientos. La presentación clínica más frecuente de IPyPB / SAMR fue forunculosis: 56.4 (35/62 vs. 28.9% (11/38 en infecciones por otros microorganismos (p = 0.013. La resistencia a oxacilina fue similar entre pacientes HIV+ y negativos (79.1 vs. 70%, p = 0.179 (34/43 vs. 28/40. Concluimos que en la población estudiada se encontró una alta prevalencia de SAMR, independientemente de la serología para HIV o la presencia de FR. Las opciones de tratamiento empírico para este microorganismo son minociclina y trimetoprima-sulfametoxazol.

Infeção por staphylococcus aureus meticilina-resistente da comunidade em Portugal

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R. Nazareth

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Resumo: Recentemente assistiu-se à emergência de infeções na comunidade por Staphylococcus aureus meticilina-resistente (MRSA em indivíduos sem fatores de risco. O MRSA associado à comunidade (CA-MRSA parece ser mais virulento, causando desde infeções superficiais da pele e tecidos moles até fasceíte necrosante e, raramente, pneumonia.O CA-MRSA foi inicialmente identificado na Austrália no início da década de 80 e, após cerca de duas décadas, surgiu nos EUA e em vários países da Europa, Ásia e América do Sul. Não existe informação disponível acerca da prevalência em Portugal.Os autores reportam o primeiro caso de infeção por CA-MRSA em Portugal, num adulto jovem com pneumonia necrotizante grave complicada por empiema bilateral e insuficiência respiratória. Abstract: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA has recently emerged as a cause of community-acquired infections among individuals without risk factors. Community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA appears to be more virulent, causing superficial mild skin and soft tissue infections to severe necrotizing fasciitis, and in rare cases, pneumonia.Community-associated MRSA was first reported in Australia in the early 80s, after almost two decades in the USA, and then in several countries in Europe, Asia and South America. No data exists in Portugal.We report the first case of CA-MRSA infection in Portugal, in a young adult with severe necrotizing pneumonia, complicated with bilateral empyema and respiratory failure. Palavras-chave: comunidade associada, MRSA, Staphylococcus aureus, pneumonia necrosante, empiema, Keywords: Community-associated, MRSA, Staphylococcus aureus, Necrotizing pneumonia, Empyema

Potencial de cruzamento natural entre o arroz transgênico resistente ao herbicida glufosinato de amônio e o arroz daninho

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Noldin,J.A.; Yokoyama,S.; Antunes,P.; Luzzardi,R.

2002-01-01

A utilização de cultivares de arroz irrigado resistentes a herbicidas não-seletivos, como o glufosinato de amônio, pode se constituir numa alternativa de controle de arroz daninho em lavouras de arroz irrigado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a taxa e o sentido do cruzamento natural entre plantas de uma linhagem modificada geneticamente para resistência ao herbicida glufosinato de amônio (arroz GM) e ao arroz daninho. A taxa de cruzamento natural entre o arroz GM como receptor feminino ...

Resistência à mupirocina entre isolados de Staphylococcus aureus de profissionais de enfermagem Resistencia al mupirocin en cepas aisladas de Staphylococcus aureus de profesionales de enfermería Mupirocin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in samples belonging to professional nurses

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Josely Pinto de Moura

2010-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a colonização por Staphylococcus aureus sensíveis e resistentes à meticilina na saliva de profissionais de enfermagem e o perfil de resistência à mupirocina. MÉTODOS: Foram coletadas três amostras da saliva de 356 (94,2% profissionais participantes da pesquisa, totalizando 1.068 amostras processadas. Todos os aspectos éticos foram contemplados. A análise microbiológica compreendeu a identificação fenotípica, segundo normas do Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. RESULTADOS: Foram obtidos 73 indivíduos colonizados por Staphylococcus aureus na primeira coleta, 48 na segunda e 37 na terceira, somando 158 isolados de Staphylococcus aureus. Desses, 24 (15,2% eram resistentes à oxacilina e 30 resistentes à mupirocina (18,9%. A resistência à mupirocina foi observada de forma pronunciada nos Staphylococcus aureus metacilina resistente (MRSA; dos 24 MRSA, 17 (70,8% apresentaram-se resistentes a este antimicrobiano. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados indicaram que a resistência à mupirocina é um importante problema, pois esse antibiótico é um excelente aliado nas medidas de controle das infecções de serviços de saúde.OBJETIVOS: Evaluar la colonización por Staphylococcus aureus sensibles y resistentes al meticilín en la saliva de profesionales de enfermería y, reconocer el perfil de resistencia a la mupirocina. MÉTODOS: Fueron recolectadas tres muestras de saliva de 356 (94,2% profesionales participantes de la investigación, totalizando 1.068 muestras procesadas. Todos los aspectos éticos fueron contemplados. El análisis microbiológico comprendió la identificación fenotípica, según normas del Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. RESULTADOS: Fueron obtenidos 73 individuos colonizados por Staphylococcus aureus en la primera recolección, 48 en la segunda y 37 en la tercera, sumando 158 muestras aisladas de Staphylococcus aureus. De esas, 24 (15,2% eran resistentes a la oxacilina y 30

Primer aislamiento en Argentina de Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina adquirido en la comunidad con sensibilidad intermedia a la vancomicina y no sensibilidad a la daptomicina

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Laura Errecalde

Full Text Available Describimos el primer caso en Argentina de Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina adquirido en la comunidad con sensibilidad intermedia a la vancomicina y no sensibilidad a la daptomicina. Caso clínico: Paciente masculino, con antecedente de insuficiencia renal crónica en hemodiálisis y osteosíntesis de cadera debido a una fractura. Se internó por síndrome febril persistente luego del desplazamiento de la prótesis por un traumatismo. Se aisló de hemocultivos S. aureus resistente a la meticilina adquirido en la comunidad. Durante el tratamiento con vancomicina y daptomicina, se observó un aumento gradual de la CIM de vancomicina de 1 µg/ml (VSSA a 2 µg/ml (h-VISA y a 4 µg/ml (VISA, y la emergencia de no sensibilidad a daptomicina (CIM = 4 µg/ml. Al suspender la vancomicina y la daptomicina, la cepa revirtió al fenotipo de sensibilidad a ambas drogas. Es mandatorio evaluar por CIM la sensibilidad a vancomicina y a daptomicina intratratamiento cuando estas drogas se usan como terapia.

Terapias somáticas para transtornos psiquiátricos resistentes ao tratamento Somatic therapies for treatment-resistant psychiatric disorders

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Raphael J Braga; Georgios Petrides

2007-01-01

OBJETIVO: O presente artigo é uma revisão do conhecimento atual relativo às terapias somáticas em psiquiatria, com foco em transtornos psiquiátricos resistentes ao tratamento usual. MÉTODO: Foi realizada uma pesquisa computadorizada da literatura no Medline utilizando as palavras "eletroconvulsoterapia", "estimulação magnética transcraniana", "terapia magnética convulsiva", "estimulação do nervo vago" e "estimulação cerebral profunda", com todos os termos traduzidos para o idioma inglês. Refe...

Crescimento diferencial de biótipos de Conyza SPP. resistente e suscetível ao herbicida glifosato Differential growth of glyphosate-resistant and susceptible biotypes of Conyza SPP

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Murilo Sala Moreira

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de comparar, em condição controlada e não-competitiva, o crescimento de biótipos de Conyza canadensis e C. bonariensis resistente e suscetível ao herbicida glifosato, a fim de quantificar os efeitos da pressão de seleção para resistência nos biótipos. Dois experimentos foram desenvolvidos com tratamentos organizados em esquema fatorial 9 x 2, com nove avaliações periódicas de crescimento e dois biótipos de cada espécie. As variáveis avaliadas por planta foram: área foliar; massa seca da parte aérea, das raízes e total, obtendo-se, a partir desta última, a taxa de crescimento absoluto. O biótipo de C. canadensis resistente ao glifosato possui crescimento mais lento, menor acúmulo de área foliar e de massa seca que o biótipo suscetível. Menores áreas foliar e massa seca também foram registradas para o biótipo de C. bonariensis resistente ao glifosato quando comparado ao suscetível, porém com diferenças mais sutis que aquelas constatadas para C. canadensis. O crescimento absoluto do biótipo suscetível foi superior ao do resistente em ambas as espécies. A pressão de seleção para resistência ao glifosato teve impactos negativos na habilidade de crescimento dos biótipos.This work was carried out with the objective of comparing, under controlled and non-competitive condition, the growth of glyphosate-resistant and susceptible biotypes of Conyza canadensis and C. bonariensis; to quantify the effects of resistance selection pressure on the biotypes. Two trials were developed with treatments organized according to a factorial scheme 9 x 2, where nine were periodical growth evaluations and two were biotypes of each species. The variables evaluated per plant were: leaf area and dry mass (shoot, root and total; to determine absolute growth rate from the total dry mass. The glyphosate-resistant biotype of C. canadensis exhibits slower growth and smaller accumulation of leaf area

Herbicidas alternativos para o controle de Conyza sumatrensis (Retz. E. H. Walker resistentes aos inibidores da ALS e EPSPs

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Fernando Machado dos Santos

2015-12-01

Full Text Available RESUMO A buva (Conyza sumatrensis, uma das principais plantas daninhas já identificadas no sul do Brasil, vem apresentando controle insatisfatório, em resposta à aplicação dos herbicidas chlorimuron-ethyl e glyphosate. Por esta razão, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar herbicidas alternativos, visando ao controle de biótipos de C. sumatrensis, com resistência de nível baixo ao herbicida chlorimuron-ethyl e resistentes ao herbicida glyphosate. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação, entre abril e agosto de 2012, no município de Passo Fundo, RS. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições, sendo avaliados 15 tratamentos com herbicidas, além de uma testemunha sem aplicação. As variáveis consideradas foram controle percentual, aos 14, 21 e 28 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos (DAT e a matéria seca da parte aérea, aos 28 DAT. Como resultados, observou-se que os biótipos foram 100% controlados, aos 28 DAT, pelos tratamentos alternativos de paraquat + diuron; ammonium glufosinate; glyphosate + 2,4-D; glyphosate + ammonium glufosinate; 2,4-D; tembotrione e tembotrione + atrazine. O biótipo 17 evidenciou menor sensibilidade aos herbicidas inibidores da ALS e os biótipos 05, 17 e 20 não foram controlados pelo herbicida glyphosate.

Enfermedad invasora por Staphylococcus aureus meticilino resistente adquirida en la comunidad Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus disseminated disease

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Clarisa Brezzo

2006-10-01

Full Text Available Se presenta un caso de enfermedad invasora por Staphylococcus aureus meticilino resistente (SAMR adquirido en la comunidad (SAMR-c. Paciente varón de 21 años, previamente sano, que consultó por nódulos subcutáneos compatibles con gomas. La ultrasonografía reveló múltiples abscesos subcutáneos e imágenes consistentes con piomiositis, además de derrame pleural y pericárdico. En el cultivo del material purulento obtenido por punción-aspiración con aguja fina de las lesiones se aisló S. aureus. El antibiograma por difusión mostró resistencia a cefalotina, eritromicina y clindamicina, y sensibilidad a trimetroprima-sulfametoxazol, ciprofloxacina y rifampicina. La meticilino resistencia se confirmó por aglutinación con partículas de látex sensibilizadas con anticuerpos monoclonales dirigidos contra la proteína ligadora de penicilina 2A. El paciente fue tratado con ciprofloxacina y rifampicina durante cuatro semanas, con evolución favorable. La frecuencia de infecciones por SAMR-c está en aumento, observándose en personas sin factores de riesgo aparentes. Esto llevaría a fracaso en el tratamiento empírico para infecciones de la comunidad en los que se presume etiología estafilocócica.A 21 year old man, previously healthy, presented with subcutaneous nodes consistent with gummas. Ultrasonography disclosed multiple subcutaneous abscesses and images suitable with piomiositis, pleural and pericardium effusion. A puncture-aspirate with fine-needle was performed and produced purulent material, with isolate of Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing by disk diffusion showed resistant to cefalotin, erythromycin and clindamycin, and susceptibility to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin and rifampicin. Methicilin-resistance was confirmed by Staphyslide agglutination testing (Biomérieux. The patient was treated with ciprofloxacin and rifampicin during four weeks, with a good clinical response. The

Staphylococcus aureus resistente a vancomicina.

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Carlos Andrés Rodríguez

2005-12-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Revisar la evolución y mecanismos moleculares de la resistencia de Staphylococcus aureus a vancomicina. Fuente de los datos. Se consultó la base de datos MEDLINE y se seleccionaron artículos tipo reportes de caso, estudios bioquímicos, de microscopía electrónica y biología molecular pertinentes. Síntesis. Después de casi 40 años de eficacia ininterrumpida de la vancomicina, en 1997 se reportaron los primeros casos de fracaso terapéutico debido a cepas de Staphylococcus aureus con resistencia intermedia, denominadas VISA (concentración inhibitoria mínima, CIM, 8 a 16 ?g/ml, así como a cepas con resistencia heterogénea hVISA (CIM global = 4 ?g/ml, pero con subpoblaciones VISA, en las cuales la resistencia está mediada por engrosamiento de la pared celular y disminución de su entrecruzamiento, lo que afecta la llegada del antibiótico al blanco principal, los monómeros del peptidoglicano en la membrana plasmática. En 2002 se aisló la primera de las 3 cepas reportadas hasta la fecha con resistencia total al antibiótico, denominadas VRSA (CIM>32 ?g/ml, en las que se encontró el transposón Tn1546 proveniente de Enterococcus spp, responsable del reemplazo de la terminación D-Ala-D-Ala por D-Ala-Dlactato en los precursores de la pared celular con pérdida de la afinidad por el glicopéptido. Conclusiones. La resistencia a vancomicina es una realidad en S. aureus, mediada en el caso de VISA por alteraciones en la pared celular que atrapan el antibiótico antes de llegar al sitio de acción, y en el caso de VRSA, por transferencia desde Enterococcus spp. de genes que llevan a la modificación del blanco molecular.

Manejo da Planta Daninha Brachiaria plantaginea Resistente aos herbicidas Inibidores da ACCase Management of the Weed Brachiaria plantaginea Resistant to ACCase Inhibitor Herbicides

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P.J. Christoffoleti

2001-04-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o manejo de uma população da planta daninha capim-marmelada (Brachiaria plantaginea resistente aos herbicidas inibidores da ACCase (ariloxifenoxipropionatos e ciclohexanodionas, utilizados na cultura da soja no sistema de plantio direto. Para isso, foram realizados dois experimentos: um utilizando herbicidas de manejo, com mecanismos de ação alternativos, comparando a eficácia destes com os inibidores da ACCase; e outro apenas com herbicidas inibidores da ACCase e aditivos misturados à calda. As sementes resistentes foram produzidas a partir de plantas comprovadamente resistentes; para comparação de resultados, foi utilizada uma população de capim-marmelada que nunca tinha sido pulverizada com inibidores da ACCase, portanto uma população suscetível. O experimento com os herbicidas de manejo foi realizado em condições de campo, porém as plantas ficaram em caixas com capacidade de 50 L, evitando-se a disseminação destas para áreas adjacentes. Concluiu-se que as plantas resistentes não apresentam resistência múltipla com herbicidas de manejo com mecanismos de ação alternativos, podendo os herbicidas glyphosate, paraquat, sulfosate, paraquat + diuron, MSMA e glufosinate ser utilizados no período entressafra das áreas com sistema de plantio direto, para manejo de populações resistentes de capim-marmelada aos herbicidas inibidores da ACCase. O experimento com aditivos foi realizado em casa de vegetação, com plantas em vasos individuais, utilizando sementes das populações suscetíveis e resistentes. Os herbicidas utilizados foram inibidores da ACCase, em cuja calda foram adicionados aditivos nitrogenados, do tipo uréia e sulfato de amônio, além de um tratamento sem aditivos. Concluiu-se que os aditivos não alteraram a eficácia dos herbicidas inibidores da ACCase nas plantas provenientes tanto da população suscetível quanto da resistente.The objective of this research was to

Molecular analysis and dimorphism of azole-susceptible and resistant Candida albicans isolates Análise molecular e dimorfismo de isolados de Candida albicans suscetíveis e resistentes aos azólicos

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Carolina Rodrigues Costa

2011-12-01

estudo, os efeitos de agentes antifúngicos como o fluconazol e o itraconazol sobre a formação de hifas e caracterização genotípica de isolados de C. albicans suscetíveis ou resistentes foram investigados. MÉTODOS: A produção de hifas de cinco isolados de C. albicans, sob a ação de antifúngicos foi investigada pelo cultivo da levedura em meios de crescimento e de indução de hifas. A caracterização genotípica foi realizada para 13 isolados de C. albicans pelo método de RAPD-PCR. RESULTADOS: A análise do dimorfismo mostrou que a formação de hifas foi maior nos isolados resistentes do que nos suscetíveis aos antifúngicos. O método de RAPD-PCR identificou a formação de dois diferentes grupos. No grupo A, foram agrupados quatro isolados resistentes e dois suscetíveis e no grupo B um resistente e seis suscetíveis. CONCLUSÕES: Considerando que a formação hifal foi maior em isolados resistentes na presença de azólicos, concluimos que a produção hifal está muito relacionada a suscetibilidade a estes fámacos. Estes antifúngicos podem alterar a morfologia de C. albicans em dependência da sua suscetibilidade. No método de RAPD-PCR, o encontro da maioria dos isolados resistentes classificados como pertencentes ao grupo A e suscetíveis ao grupo B demonstrou que este método apresentou um padrão semelhante entre os dois grupos, sugerindo que por este método pode ser detectado uma estreita correlação entre genótipos e amostras resistentes ao fluconazol.

Control of glyphosate resistant hairy fleabane (Conyza bonariensis with dicamba and 2,4-D Controle de buva (Conyza bonariensis resistente ao glyphosate com dicamba e 2,4-D

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D.J. Soares

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Auxyn type herbicides such as dicamba and 2,4-D are alternative herbicides that can be used to control glyphosate-resistant hairy fleabane. With the forthcoming possibility of releasing dicamba-resistant and 2,4-D-resistant crops, use of these growth regulator herbicides will likely be an alternative that can be applied to the control of glyphosate resistant hairy fleabane (Conyza bonariensis. The objective of this research was to model the efficacy, through dose-response curves, of glyphosate, 2,4-D, isolated dicamba and glyphosatedicamba combinations to control a brazilian hairy fleabane population resistant to glyphosate. The greenhouse dose-response studies were conducted as a completely randomized experimental design, and the rates used for dose response curve construction were 0, 120, 240, 480, 720 and 960 g a.i. ha-1 for 2,4-D, dicamba and the dicamba combination, with glyphosate at 540 g a.e. ha-1. The rates for glyphosate alone were 0, 180, 360, 540, 720 and 960 g a.e. ha-1. Herbicides were applied when the plants were in a vegetative stage with 10 to 12 leaves and height between 12 and 15 cm. Hairy fleabane had low sensitivity to glyphosate, with poor control even at the 960 g a.e. ha-1 rate. Dicamba and 2,4-D were effective in controlling the studied hairy fleabane. Hairy fleabane responds differently to 2,4-D and dicamba. The combination of glyphosate and dicamba was not antagonistic to hairy fleabane control, and glyphosate may cause an additive effect on the control, despite the population resistance.Os herbicidas mimetizadores de auxinas como dicamba e 2,4-D são alternativas para o controle de buva resistente ao glyphosate. Com a possível futura liberação comercial de culturas resistentes ao dicamba e 2,4-D, a aplicação destes herbicidas reguladores de crescimento será uma provável alternativa de controle de buva resistente ao glyphosate. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi modelar por meio de curvas de dose-resposta a efic

Fagoterapia frente a infecciones por Staphylococcus aureus meticilino resistente en ratones

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Jesús H Tamariz

Full Text Available Objetivos: Evaluar la actividad de los bacteriófagos frente a infecciones localizadas y sistémicas producidas por Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina (MRSA Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio de tipo experimental en 45 ratones de la cepa Balb/c divididos en nueve grupos de cinco individuos. Se aislaron diez bacteriófagos nativos a partir de muestras clínicas y efluentes hospitalarios, se evaluó su capacidad lítica y su espectro de actividad, en base a lo cual se seleccionaron seis fagos para los ensayos de fagoterapia. Adicionalmente, se empleó un bacteriófago de origen comercial. La fagoterapia fue evaluada mediante profilaxis y terapia de infecciones localizadas y sistémicas causadas por la inoculación de MRSA por vía subcutánea y endovenosa respectivamente. Se probó la efectividad de tres esquemas terapéuticos: monoterapia, cóctel de fagos en múltiples dosis y de cóctel de fagos en una sola dosis. También se comparó la actividad terapéutica de los fagos frente a vancomicina y clindamicina. Resultados. El cóctel de fagos y la terapia a diversas dosis fueron efectivos para prevenir y controlar infecciones localizadas por MRSA, su actividad fue similar a la de vancomicina y clindamicina. La dosis única del cóctel de fagos no logró controlar la infección localizada; asimismo, la fagoterapia no resultó efectiva en infecciones sistémicas. Conclusiones. La fagoterapia se proyecta como una alternativa viable frente a infecciones causadas por MRSA. Se requieren estudios que evalúen aspectos relacionados con la inocuidad de los fagos frente al paciente

Manejo de capim pé-de-galinha em lavouras de soja transgênica resistente ao glifosato Management of goose grass on transgenic soybean, resistant to glyphosate

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André da Rosa Ulguim

2013-01-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resistência de capim pé-de-galinha (Eleusine indica ao glifosato, em lavouras de soja transgênica; avaliar o efeito de aplicações de glifosato em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento; identificar práticas agronômicas associadas à seleção de biótipos resistentes; e avaliar a eficiência dos herbicidas cletodim, fluazifope-P-butílico, clomazona, glufosinato de amônio e glifosato nas plantas resistentes. Plantas escapes ao tratamento com glifosato foram coletadas em 24 propriedades, no Rio Grande do Sul. As plantas foram cultivadas em casa de vegetação, tendo-se avaliado a sua resistência ao glifosato. Os acessos resistentes foram selecionados e avaliados quanto ao efeito da aplicação do glifosato em diferentes estádios de crescimento e quanto à sensibilidade aos herbicidas. Foi aplicado um questionário aos produtores para identificação das práticas agronômicas associadas às falhas no controle. O controle de E. indica pelo glifosato é mais efetivo com a aplicação em estádios iniciais de desenvolvimento. Práticas agronômicas, como uso contínuo de baixas doses do herbicida, aplicação em estádios de desenvolvimento avançados das plantas daninhas (mais de um afilho e a ausência de rotação de culturas foram relacionadas às falhas de controle observadas. Os herbicidas cletodim, fluazifope-P-butílico e glufosinato de amônio são alternativas eficientes para o controle de E. indica.The objective of this work was to evaluate the resistance of goose grass (Eleusine indica to glyphosate application in transgenic soybean crops; evaluate the effect of glyphosate applications in different growth stages; identify the main agronomic practices associated with the selection of resistant biotypes; and evaluate the effect of the herbicides clethodim, fluazifop-p-butyl, clomazone, glufosinate ammonium, and glyphosate on resistant plants. Plants that survived glyphosate application

Competitividade de biótipos de capim-arroz resistente e suscetível ao quinclorac Competitiveness of echinochloa biotypes resistant and susceptible to quinclorac

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G. Concenço

2008-03-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a competitividade de dois biótipos de capim-arroz, resistente e suscetível ao quinclorac, coletados em regiões orizícolas do Estado de Santa Catarina. O experimento foi instalado em ambiente protegido, e os tratamentos constaram de diferentes densidades de plantas dos biótipos de capim-arroz comprovadamente resistente (ITJ-13 e suscetível (ITJ-17 ao quinclorac, oriundos da região arrozeira de Itajaí/SC. No centro da unidade experimental, foram semeadas três sementes do biótipo de capim-arroz, considerado como o tratamento da unidade experimental. Na periferia foram semeadas dez sementes do biótipo oposto ao do tratamento (central. Dez dias após a germinação foi efetuado o desbaste, deixando-se apenas uma planta no centro da unidade experimental e um número variável de plantas do biótipo oposto, de acordo com o tratamento (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ou 5 plantas por vaso. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o completamente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 6, com quatro repetições. Aos 40 dias após a emergência, foram avaliados altura de plantas, número de afilhos e de folhas, área foliar, massa fresca e seca e conteúdo de água de colmos e folhas. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste F, sendo efetuado teste de Duncan para comparar o efeito de densidade de plantas e teste da Diferença Mínima Significativa (DMS para avaliar diferenças entre os biótipos resistente e suscetível, além de correlação linear simples entre as variáveis avaliadas. Nas análises, utilizou-se o nível de 5% de probabilidade. Os biótipos estudados de capim-arroz resistente e suscetível ao quinclorac são similares quando sob alta intensidade de competição, com vantagem em algumas variáveis para o biótipo suscetível sob baixa ou moderada intensidade competitiva.The objective of this research was to evaluate the competitive potential of two Echinochloa sp. biotypes, resistant and susceptible to

Prazosina de liberação lenta para pacientes com transtorno do estresse pós-traumático resistentes aos ISRS

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Luiz Felipe Pagotto

2012-01-01

Full Text Available CONTEXTO: Prazosina, um antagonista de receptores alfa-1 adrenérgicos, é utilizada no tratamento de pesadelos e insônia relacionados com TEPT. Apesar das evidências sugerindo sua eficácia também no tratamento de sintomas gerais de TEPT, sua curta meia-vida (2-3 horas pode limitar seus efeitos terapêuticos. OBJETIVO: Descrever quatro casos de pacientes com TEPT resistentes aos inibidores de recaptação de serotonina ou de serotonina e adrenalina (terapia convencional tratados com uma apresentação de prazosina de liberação lenta. MÉTODOS: Quatro pacientes com TEPT grave, resistentes à terapia convencional, tiveram a prazosina de liberação lenta (meia-vida de 10,8 horas adicionada as suas prescrições por pelo menos três meses. Os sintomas de TEPT foram avaliados pela PCL-C e pelos itens referentes a pesadelos e insônia da CAPS, na linha de base e no final do período de observação de cada paciente. RESULTADOS: Dois pacientes mostraram melhora dos sintomas gerais de TEPT (redução de 35,7% e 11,9% nos escores da PCL-C, e três mostraram melhora de pesadelos e insônia (nos escores da CAPS. O único paciente que recebeu doses da prazosina pela manhã e ao deitar-se foi o que mostrou a maior melhora dos sintomas gerais de TEPT. CONCLUSÃO: Possivelmente, a sustentação do bloqueio da atividade noradrenérgica no sistema nervoso central promovida pela prazosina de liberação lenta durante o dia se faz necessária para a melhora de sintomas residuais de TEPT em pacientes em tratamento convencional com antidepressivos.

Ocorrência de fungos filamentosos termo-resistentes em polpa de tomate envasada assepticamente

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BAGLIONI Flávio

1999-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal determinar a ocorrência de fungos filamentosos termo-resistentes durante o processamento asséptico de polpa de tomate (8° BRIX. Durante o período de safra de tomate foram feitas amostragens em 9 lotes (3 no início, 3 no pico e 3 em fim de safra e no período de entresafra em 5 lotes. Foi feita a enumeração de fungos termo-resistentes nas amostras coletadas durante as diferentes etapas do processo asséptico de cada lote. Foram obtidas contagens médias relativamente baixas, variando entre <1 e 8UFC/100mL de amostra. As maiores contagens foram obtidas na matéria prima e na água de pré lavagem e transporte. Cinqüenta linhagens de fungos termo-resistentes detectadas no procedimento de enumeração foram isoladas, codificadas e estocadas. Os esporos de cada isolado com 1 mês de cultivo foram submetidos a diferentes choques térmicos para selecionar a linhagem de fungo mais termo-resistente. O isolado de fungo mais termo-resistente (sobrevivência ao choque à 100° C/25 minutos foi identificado como Neosartorya fischeri.

Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina (SARM)

Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Podcasts

2007-10-22

Datos importantes sobre las infecciones por SARM en Estados Unidos, en las escuelas y los entornos médicos. (Title: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)Created: 10/2007).  Created: 10/22/2007 by National Center for Preparedness, Detection, and Control of Infectious Diseases.   Date Released: 11/9/2007.

Plantas transgênicas resistentes aos herbicidas: situação e perspectivas Resistant transgenic plants to the herbicide: situation and perspectives

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Patrícia Andréa Monquero

2005-01-01

Full Text Available Organismos geneticamente modificados (OGMs ou transgênicos podem ser plantas, animais ou microorganismos que tiveram no seu material genético a introdução de DNA proveniente de outro organismo. Em alguns casos, esse organismo poder ser outro individuo da mesma espécie, ou o mais comum, de outra espécie com o qual não há cruzamento natural. O uso dessa técnica no melhoramento de plantas permitirá aumentar a produção, reduzir perdas na pós-colheita, obter culturas mais tolerantes ao estresse ambiental, obter culturas que usem mais eficientemente nitrogênio e fósforo; aumentar o valor nutricional dos alimentos; obter plantas resistentes a herbicidas, pragas e ou doenças; desenvolver alternativas para indústrias como as de combustíveis e farmacêuticas. Alguns consumidores acreditam que OGM não é natural e que o melhoramento convencional é melhor, pois segue os princípios naturais de seleção ou usa mutações naturais. Entretanto, é possível e muito comum obter combinações indesejáveis de genes através do melhoramento tradicional. Com relação a culturas resistentes a herbicidas, várias preocupações podem ser destacadas. Essas incluem: (a deriva de herbicida para vegetação suscetível vizinha à cultura tolerante; (b cultura resistente ao herbicida pode tornar-se planta daninha de difícil controle; (c uso ilegal de sementes; (d reação pública negativa à engenharia genética; (e escape de genes para espécies nativas e (f seleção de biótipos resistentes ou de espécies tolerantes ao herbicida utilizado. A geração dos organismos geneticamente modificados tem sido alvo de polêmica e discussão nos diversos segmentos da sociedade. Porém, não se deve generalizar o uso dos transgênicos, pois cada um deve ser analisado quanto às suas vantagens, desvantagens e contribuição à melhoria da qualidade de vida.Genetically modified organisms (GMOs or transgenic may be plants, animals or microorganisms that have

Knockdown resistance in pyrethroid-resistant horn fly (Diptera: Muscidae populations in Brazil Resistência Knockdown em populações de mosca-dos-chifres do Brasil resistentes aos piretróides

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Gustavo A. Sabatini

2009-09-01

Full Text Available To investigate the kdr (knockdown resistance resistance-associated gene mutation and determine its frequency in pyrethroid-resistant horn fly (Haematobia irritans populations, a total of 1,804 horn flies of 37 different populations from all Brazilian regions (North, Northeast, Central-West, Southeast, and South were molecular screened through polymerase chain reaction (PCR. The kdr gene was not detected in 87.08% of the flies. However, the gene was amplified in 12.92% of the flies, of which 11.70% were resistant heterozygous and 1.22% were resistant homozygous. Deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE was found only in 1 ranch with an excess of heterozygous. When populations were grouped by region, three metapopulations showed significant deviations of HWE (Central-West population, South population and Southeast population. This indicates that populations are isolated one from another and kdr occurrence seems to be an independent effect probably reflecting the insecticide strategy used by each ranch. Although resistance to pyrethroids is disseminated throughout Brazil, only 48% of resistant populations had kdr flies, and the frequency of kdr individuals in each of these resistant populations was quite low. But this study shows that, with the apparent exception of the Northeast region, the kdr mechanism associated with pyrethroid resistance occurs all over Brazil.Com o objetivo de verificar a ocorrência e determinar a frequência da mutação kdr (knock down resistance em populações de Haematobia irritans (mosca-dos-chifres resistentes aos piretróides, foram analisados 1.804 indivíduos de 37 populações de todas as Regiões do Brasil. Com exceção da Região Nordeste, o kdr (knock down resistance gene foi encontrado em populações de todas as regiões. A mutação não foi detectada em 87,08% dos indivíduos. Entretanto, o gene foi amplificado de 12,92% das moscas, das quais 11,70% se mostraram heterozigotas resistentes e 1

Incremento de las infecciones por Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina en un hospital pediátrico de Cuba.

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Alexis Monzote López

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Definir la tasa de resistencia a la meticilina entre los aislamientos de Staphylococcus aureus investigados y describir la susceptibilidad a los antimicrobianos no betalactámicos. Método: Se realizó un estudio observacional prospectivo durante el período 2010-2012 en el Hospital Pediátrico “Juan Manuel Márquez” de La Habana, que incluyó 333 aislamientos de Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina (SARM, recuperados a partir de diferentes muestras clínicas de pacientes hospitalizados. Para la confirmación de SARM se emplearon los métodos de difusión con discos de cefoxitina y el de microdilución en caldo para la oxacilina. La susceptibilidad a 14 antimicrobianos no betalactámicos se realizó por el método de microdilución en caldo y el de difusión en disco (Bauer-Kirby. Resultados: Se demostró una alta tasa de resistencia a la meticilina (52,4% - 59,3%. Se puso de manifiesto la emergencia de infecciones de la piel y tejidos blandos (62,5% por SARM. Se corroboró una alta resistencia a la eritromicina (82% y la ciprofloxacina (73,5%. La sensibilidad frente al cotrimoxazol, la clindamicina y la vancomicina los ratificaron como antimicrobianos de primera línea para el tratamiento. Conclusiones: Se evidencia una tendencia al incremento de las infecciones por SARM y se señala como un problema clínico epidemiológico emergente para los diferentes servicios del hospital, que demanda la implementación de un sistema para su activa vigilancia y control.

Tratamento e prevenção das infecções e da colonização por Staphylococcus aureus

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Isabel Ribeiro

2003-09-01

Full Text Available RESUMO: O número de infecções adquiridas na comunidade e nosocomiais por Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus aumentou nos últimos 20 anos. Durante o período de 1990 a 1992, este microrganismo tornou-se a causa mais frequente de infecções nosocomiais1,2. Por outro lado, como resultado da pressão de selecção dos antibióticos, tem havido um aumento dramático na proporção de infecções por S. aureus meticilino-resistente (SAMR 3,4. Com a emergência recente de estirpes multirresistentes, incluindo a resistência aos glicopeptídeos, o tratamento destas infecções tornou-se ainda mais difícil2,4 −6.É importante prevenir a emergência de mais estirpes resistentes. Para que isso aconteça, deve ser optimizado o uso da antibioterapia, desenvolvidos métodos laboratoriais para a detecção de microrganismos resistentes e devem ser tomadas precauções estritas no seguimento da infecção ou colonização de doentes com estas estirpes 6 −10.Neste trabalho é feita uma uma revisão da história evolutiva dos anti-estafilocócicos e apresentadas as orientações actuais de tratamento e prevenção das infecções e da colonização pelo Staphylococcus aureus.REV PORT PNEUMOL 2003; IX (5: 395-409 ABSTRACT: The number of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus community and nosocomial acquired infections have increased in the last twenty years. Between 1990 and 1992, this pathogen has become the most frequent source of nosocomial infections 1,2. On the other hand, as result of antibiotherapy selection pressure, we observe a dramatic increase in the methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA infections 3,4. With the recent emergence of multirresistant strains, including glycopeptides resistance, the treatment of these infections became still more difficult 2,4−6.It’s important to prevent resistant strains emergence. To prevent further emergence of

Frecuencia de aislamiento de Staphylococcus spp meticilina resistentes y Enterococcus spp vancomicina resistentes en hospitales de Cuba Frequency of methicilline-resistant Staphylococcus spp and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp isolates in Cuban hospitals

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Leonora González Mesa

2005-12-01

Full Text Available La resistencia a meticilina en el género Staphylococcus spp es un problema creciente en el ámbito mundial. La producción de una PBP alterada (PBP2a con baja afinidad a betalactámicos, mediada por el gen mec A, es la responsable de esta resistencia. Mientras que los Staphylococcus spp todavía permanecen sensibles a vancomicina, algunos Enterococcus spp han adquirido la capacidad de neutralizar esta droga. En nuestro país no se conocen datos actualizados sobre la tasa de infección por S. aureus meticilina resistente (SAMR, ni sobre la circulación de este germen en la comunidad, tampoco existen reportes de Enterococcus spp vancomicina resistente (EVR. En este estudio fueron analizadas 774 cepas, colectadas en hospitales del país. Se determinó el mecanismo de resistencia utilizando métodos sugeridos por las guías NCCLS. El 9.3 % (23 de los S. aureus aislados en los hospitales y 4.0% (7 S. aureus aislados en la comunidad, fueron SAMR, portadores del gen mec A, el 69.9 % (72 de Staphylococcus coagulasa negativo, fueron resistentes a oxacilina. En la detección del Enterococcus spp vancomicina resistente (EVR, se encontró una cepa portadora de este fenotipo. Nuestros resultados revelan que en nuestro país los SAMR no son un problema en los hospitales, ni en el ambiente comunitario, a pesar de que se reporta por primera vez la circulación de estos en la comunidad y la circulación de EVR en el ambiente hospitalario, su frecuencia es muy baja lo que refleja los avances obtenidos en la aplicación de políticas encaminadas a racionalizar el uso y consumo de antibióticos.Resistance to methicilline in Staphylococcus spp genus is a growing problem worldwide. The production of an altered penicillin-fixing protein with low mecA gen-mediated affinity to beta-lactams is responsible for this resistance. Although Staphylococcus spp still remain susceptible to vancomycin, some Enterococcus spp have acquired the capacity of neutralizing this drug. In

Aislamiento de Staphylococcus aureus meticilino resistente en abscesos de mama en una Maternidad Pública

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Cristina Boccaccio

2014-06-01

Full Text Available La mastitis y los abscesos de mama representan un factor de riesgo para el abandono de la lactancia. Se incluyen dentro de las infecciones de piel y partes blandas y comparten los cambios epidemiológicos que llevan a replantear el tratamiento empírico inicial. Se estudiaron 137 casos de abscesos de mama desde enero de 2007 a diciembre de 2011. Se analizó incidencia, días postparto, factores de riesgo, datos microbiológicos y tratamiento antibiótico. Desde 2007a 2011 se observó un constante aumento de la incidencia de casos: 0.19 vs. 0.84% (p < 0.001. Días postparto de aparición del absceso 41.9 ± 35.8 días (Media ± DE, primiparidad 70.6%. Los factores de riesgo más frecuentemente encontrados fueron grietas del pezón e ingurgitación mamaria (95%. Staphylococcus aureus (SA fue el responsable de 82.3 a 95.0% de los abscesos según los años; la resistencia a oxacilina de las cepas de SA superó el 60%. Las cepas aisladas de SA meticilino resistentes (SAMR fueron sensibles a eritromicina clindamicina, gentamicina, rifampicina, ciprofloxacina y trimetroprima-sulfametoxasol en diferentes porcentajes según los años. Requirieron drenaje el 100% de los casos; en 60% el tratamiento empírico inicial fue inadecuado. Continuaron amamantando 90% de las madres. Estos datos enfatizan la necesidad de prevenir los factores de riesgo: grietas del pezón e ingurgitación mamaria. La modificación del tratamiento antibiótico inicial requiere el estudio bacteriológico de las infecciones de piel y partes blandas dado que la prevalencia de SAMR no es uniforme y varía en diferentes poblaciones y ubicaciones geográficas.

Herbicidas alternativos para controle de biótipos de Conyza bonariensis e C. canadensis resistentes ao glyphosate Alternative herbicides to control glyphosate-resistant biotypes of Conyza bonariensis and C. canadensis

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M.S. Moreira

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Após sucessivos anos, aplicações do herbicida glyphosate em pomares de citros no Estado de São Paulo selecionaram biótipos resistentes de Conyza bonariensis e C. canadensis. Na ocorrência de plantas daninhas resistentes em uma área agrícola, tornam-se necessárias mudanças nas práticas de manejo para obtenção de adequado controle das populações resistentes, bem como para a redução da pressão de seleção sobre outras espécies. Assim, este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de identificar herbicidas alternativos para controle de biótipos de Conyza spp. resistentes ao herbicida glyphosate, com aplicações em diferentes estádios fenológicos da planta daninha. Três experimentos foram conduzidos em campo, em pomares de citros em formação, sobre plantas de buva em estádio fenológico de dez folhas e no pré-florescimento. Para plantas no estádio de dez folhas, controle satisfatório foi obtido com aplicações de glyphosate + bromacil + diuron (1.440 + 1.200 + 1.200 g ha-1, glyphosate + atrazina (1.440 + 1.500 g ha-1 e glyphosate + diuron (1.440 + 1.500 g ha-1. Quando em estádio de pré-florescimento de Conyza spp., a aplicação do herbicida amônio-glufosinato, na dose de 400 g ha-1, isolado ou associado a MSMA, bromacil+diuron, metsulfuron, carfentrazone e paraquat, foi a alternativa viável para controle dos biótipos resistentes ao glyphosate.After successive years, glyphosate applications on São Paulo-Brazil citrus orchards selected resistant biotypes of Conyza bonariensis and C. canadensis. The occurrence of herbicide-resistant weed biotypes at some agricultural area makes it necessary to change the management practices to reach effective control of the selected resistant populations, as well as to reduce selection pressure on the other species. Thus, this work aimed to identify the alternative herbicides to control glyphosate-resistant biotypes of Conyza spp., with applications at different weed phenological

Antimicrobial resistance profile of Staphylococcus aureus isolates obtained from skin and soft tissue infections of outpatients from a university hospital in Recife -PE, Brazil Perfil de resistência antimicrobiana de isolados de Staphylococcus aureus provenientes de infecções de pele e tecidos moles de pacientes ambulatoriais de um hospital universitário em Recife - PE, Brasil

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Fabiana Beserra Caraciolo

2012-12-01

tornando importante também fora do ambiente hospitalar, particularmente nos Estados Unidos. No Brasil, desde 2005, têm sido relatados casos de infecções cutâneas comunitárias causadas por MRSA, porém estudos de resistência envolvendo pacientes ambulatoriais são escassos. OBJETIVO: Conhecer o perfil de resistência de S. aureus envolvidos em infecções de pele e partes moles de pacientes atendidos no ambulatório de Dermatologia de um hospital universitário de Recife, Pernambuco. MÉTODO: Estudo prospectivo envolvendo 30 pacientes com infecções de pele e tecidos moles atendidos no ambulatório de Dermatologia de maio a novembro de 2011. Para avaliação da suscetibilidade dos S. aureus aos antibióticos foram utilizados teste de disco-difusão e placa de screening de oxacilina. RESULTADOS: Das 30 amostras analisadas, 19 (63% tiveram cultura positiva para S. aureus. Os seguintes padrões de resistência dos S. aureus foram observados: penicilina, 95%; tetraciclina, 32%; eritromicina, 21%; gentamicina, 16%; cefoxitina, 11%; oxacilina, 11%; sulfametoxazol-trimetoprima, 11%; clorafenicol, 11%; clindamicina, 5%; e ciprofloxacina, 0%. Um dos MRSA identificados foi obtido de paciente sem fatores de risco para sua aquisição, e além de aos betalactâmicos, mostrou-se resistente apenas à tetraciclina. CONCLUSÕES: Em relação aos padrões de resistência dos S. aureus, destacaram-se as resistências à tetraciclina, eritromicina e gentamicina. Documentou-se, pela primeira vez em Pernambuco, um caso de infecção cutânea causada por MRSA associado à comunidade.

Resistência de biótipos de arroz-vermelho aos herbicidas imazapyr + imazapic e alternativas de controle

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Rafael Salles Rubin

2014-10-01

Full Text Available O uso intenso de herbicidas com o mesmo mecanismo de ação na cultura do arroz (Oryza sativa L. tem selecionado biótipos resistentes, como, por exemplo, o arroz-vermelho (planta daninha resistente aos herbicidas imidazolinonas. Por essa razão, este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar a resistência de arroz-vermelho ao herbicida imazapyr + imazapic, na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul, e o controle do biótipo resistente de arroz-vermelho com os herbicidas alternativos clethodim e glyphosate. Foram realizados três experimentos, em delineamento casualizado, arranjados em esquema fatorial. No primeiro experimento, o fator A testou biótipos de arroz-vermelho [ORYSA 184 (resistente e ORYSA 188 (susceptível], o fator B comparou herbicidas (imazapyr + imazapic, clethodim e glyphosate e o fator C avaliou doses dos herbicidas (0; 0,5; 1; 2; 4; 8; 16 e 32 vezes a dose recomendada. No segundo, compararam-se biótipos de arroz-vermelho e doses do herbicida imazapyr + imazapic (0; 0,5; 1; 2; 4; 8; 16; 32 e 64 vezes a dose recomendada. No terceiro, testaram-se biótipos de arroz-vermelho e doses diferentes do herbicida imazapyr + imazapic para cada biótipo. O biótipo ORYSA 184 é resistente ao imazapyr + imazapic, quando aplicada a dose máxima de registro e estádio indicado. Os herbicidas clethodim e glyphosate, detentores de mecanismos de ação alternativos, controlam o biótipo resistente ORYSA 184 de arroz-vermelho.

Competition effects with mixed stands of wheat and kochia (Kochia scoparia biotypes resistant and susceptible to acetolactase synthase inhibitor herbicides Efeitos competitivos da mistura de stands de trigo e biotipos de kochia (Kochia scoparia resistentes e susceptíveis aos herbicidas inibidores da acetolactase sintase

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P.J. Christoffoleti

1994-08-01

Full Text Available Greenhouse experiments were conducted to compare the competitive ability of sulfonylurea resistant and susceptible kochia (Kochia scoparia L. Schard compared to wheat. The results of several replacement series experiments indicate that wheat was the dominant competitor, and an average of one wheat plant reduced resistant kochia yield per plant equal to the effect of 4.8 resistant kochia or 5.4 susceptible kochia plants. Intraspeciflc competition was more important than interspecific competition for wheat, whereas the reverse was true for the resistant and susceptible kochia. The results of the niche differentiation index (NDI indicate that wheat and either resistant or susceptible kochia are only partly limited by the same resources. The resistant and susceptible kochia, however, are limited by the same resources.Experimentos foram instalados em condições de casa-de-vegetação com o objetivo de comparar a capacidade competitiva de biotipos resistentes e suscetíveis aos herbicidas inibidores da enzima acetolactase synthase da planta daninha kochia (Kochia scoparia L. Schard comparada com trigo. Os resultados de diversos experimentos, utilizando a metodologia chamada de substitutiva, indicaram que o trigo foi o competidor dominante, e em média uma planta de trigo reduziu o crescimento da planta de kochia resistente igual ao efeito de 4,8 plantas de kochia resistente ou 5,4 plantas de kochia suscetível. A competição chamada de intraespecífíca foi mais importante que a competição interespecífica para o trigo, porém o inverso foi verdadeiro para os biotípos resistentes e susceptíveis de kochia. Os resultados do índice de diferenciação ecológica indicaram que trigo e qualquer um dos dois biotípos de kochia estudados foram limitados apenas parcialmente pelos mesmos recursos de crescimento. No entanto, o crescimento dos biotípos resistentes e susceptíveis de kochia foram limitados pelos mesmos fatores de crescimento.

Crescimento de raízes de biótipos de capim-arroz resistente e suscetível ao quinclorac em competição Root growth of Echinochloa biotypes resistant and susceptible to quinclorac under competition

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L.O.B. Schuch

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o potencial competitivo de biótipos de capim-arroz resistente e suscetível ao quinclorac no ambiente do solo, como forma de inferir qual deles possui maior potencial de extração de recursos. O experimento foi instalado em casa de vegetação, constando de diferentes populações de plantas dos biótipos de capim-arroz resistente (R e suscetível (S ao herbicida quinclorac, oriundos da região arrozeira de Itajaí/SC. Foi estabelecida uma planta do biótipo de capim-arroz considerado como tratamento, no centro da unidade experimental; na periferia, foram semeadas dez sementes do biótipo oposto ao do tratamento central, sendo posteriormente estabelecido o número de plantas de acordo com o tratamento (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ou 5 plantas. O delineamento experimental foi o completamente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 6, com quatro repetições. Aos 40 DAE, foram avaliados o comprimento, volume, massa fresca, massa seca e conteúdo de água das raízes das plantas. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e, em caso de significância, efetuou-se o teste de Duncan, para avaliar o efeito do aumento na população de plantas, e o teste da Diferença Mínima Significativa (DMS, para avaliar diferenças entre biótipo resistente e suscetível, além da matriz de correlação. A imposição de competição no ambiente das raízes pode afetar mais o biótipo resistente ao quinclorac que o suscetível, sendo esta característica essencial para a sobrevivência do biótipo, principalmente sob escassez do recurso.The objective of this work was to evaluate the competitive potential of Echinochloa plants resistant and susceptible to quinclorac in the soil, to evaluate whether there are potential differences in extracting nutrients from the soil. The trial was carried out under greenhouse conditions. The treatments consisted of amounts of Echinochloa plants resistant or susceptible to quinclorac. At the

La estructura resistente

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Manterola, J.

1968-09-01

Full Text Available A structure, as a whole, consists of an organised set of material parts, whose structural significance depends both on their topological nature and on the external forces acting on them. This duality, that is typical of a structure, is related on the one hand to the structural forms that man can construct, and on the other to progressive adaptation of the structural topology to the external forces acting on it. The integrated study of the constructive process and of the theory of structures does not exhaust the problem of structures. The characteristics of the materials are still to be considered. The effect of these three factors on the cost depends on the dynamic evolution of these factors themselves: their importance being greater or smaller according to the evolutionary stage that is considered and the purpose of the structure. Furthermore, the structural significance of an object is influenced by the changes in the surrounding structural elements. Thus, a form, whose development might be determined strictly by structural motives at a given period, at another stage may no longer depend on structural factors. Hence structure is only a relative concept.En la estructura resistente, tomada como un todo, subyace una organización de elementos materiales, cuyo valor de posición viene condicionado tanto por las condiciones mecánicas de trabajo resistente que se establece entre ellas como por la posibilidad de manejar y colocar en su sitio el peso y volumen que determinan. Esta partición, contenido mismo de lo estructural, nos remite, por un lado, a las condiciones variables en que se concretan las posibilidades energéticas de la humanidad, y por otro, sitúa la estructura enfrentada a las acciones exteriores en una serie de etapas intermedias que para ser resistidas va a ser construida, lo que le proporciona la operatividad que reside en todo proceso de crecimiento. La integración del proceso constructivo y la teoría de lo resistente no agota

Portación y caracterización de Staphylococcus aureus en manipuladores de alimentos Carriage and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus in food handlers

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Graciela B Jordá

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Staphylococcus aureus es una causa de intoxicaciones alimentarias por su capacidad de producir enterotoxinas. Los manipuladores de alimentos que portan S. aureus productores de enterotoxinas pueden provocar intoxicaciones alimentarias. Se estudiaron muestras tomadas de fosas nasales de 88 manipuladores de alimentos en la provincia de Misiones. El 37,5 % de los individuos analizados eran portadores de S. aureus. Mediante técnicas de amplificación (PCR, se detectaron genes que codifican la producción de enterotoxinas en 13 de los 33 aislamientos obtenidos (39,4 % y en el 14,7 % de los manipuladores. De estos aislamientos, 10 portaban el gen sea y 3 el gen sec. El estudio de sensibilidad a los antibióticos mostró un 100 % de sensibilidad a teicoplanina, gentamiclna y rifampicina; 2 aislamientos fueron resistentes a clindamicina y a eritromicina y 4 resultaron resistentes a la meticilina. Estos resultados son un alerta e indicarían la necesidad de desarrollar medidas racionales para reducir el riesgo potencial de intoxicaciones alimentarias.Staphylococcus aureus causes food poisoning due to its ability to produce enterotoxins. Food handlers carrying enterotoxin-producing S. aureus can contaminate food, thus leading to food poisoning. Samples were obtained from 88 food handlers in the Province of Misiones, Argentina. S. aureus was isolated from nasal swaps and PCR amplification was performed for genes encoding staphylococcal enterotoxins. A total of 37.5 % food handlers were positive for S. aureus. Expression of enterotoxin genes was found in 13 of the 33 (39.4 % S. aureus isolates studied, accounting for 14.7 % of food handlers. Gene sea was detected in 10 isolates followed by gene sec in 3 isolates. All isolates were susceptible to teicoplanin, gentamicin and rifampicin. Four isolates were resistant to methicillin whereas 2 isolates were resistant to clindamycin and erythromycin. These results constitute a critical alert and indicate the need

Resistência de plantas daninhas aos herbicidas Weed resistance to herbicides

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Pedro J. Christoffoleti

1994-01-01

Full Text Available A resistência de plantas daninhas aos herbicidas ocorre em função de um processo evolutivo. O desenvolvimento de biótipos de plantas daninhas resistentes é imposto pela agricultura moderna, através da pressão de seleção causada pelo uso intensivo dos herbicidas. O conhecimento dos mecanismos e fatores que favorecem o aparecimento de biótipos de plantas daninhas resistentes é fundamental para que técnicas de manejo sejam utilizadas no sentido de evitar ou retardar o aparecimento de plantas resistentes em uma área. São poucos os relatos ou citações de literatura no Brasil. Sendo assim, este trabalho de revisão procura relatar os principais avanços e descobertas na área de plantas daninhas resistentes aos herbicidas.Weed herbicide resistance has evolved from weed evolution. The modern agriculture is responsible for this evolution because of the intensive use of herbicides. The knowledge of mechanisms and factors that influence the weed herbicide resistance play an important role in the weed manegement techniques used to avoid or delay herbicide resistance appearence. There are not many report or scientific papers about herbi cide resistance in Brasil. Therefore, this literature review aims to provide information about the main advances and discoveries in the field of weed herbicide resistance.

Variabilidades fenotípica e genotípica de estirpes de Staphylococcus aureus isoladas em casos de mastite subclínica bovina Phenotypic and genotypic variabilities of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from bovine subclinical mastitis

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Luciano Menezes Ferreira

2006-08-01

Full Text Available Foram submetidas a PCR-Ribotipagem e aos testes de sensibilidade in vitro frente a 12 antimicrobianos 77 estirpes de Staphylococcus aureus isoladas em amostras de leite procedentes de 40 vacas da raça holandesa que apresentaram mastite subclínica, em uma propriedade rural localizada no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Os resultados obtidos revelaram quatro diferentes padrões de resistência a antimicrobianos, sendo observada a predominância de resistência à lincomicina entre 19 (24,7% estirpes de S.aureus. As 58 (75,3% estirpes restantes foram sensíveis aos 12 antimicrobianos testados. A PCR-ribotipagem revelou a ocorrência de nove padrões genotípicos distintos, além de apresentar uma capacidade discriminatória maior (D = 0,82 que a obtida nos antibiogramas (D = 0,42. Entre as 19 estirpes resistentes aos antimicrobianos, 14 (73,7% foram agrupadas em três padrões de ribotipagem e, destas, 13 (92,9% apresentaram resistência à eritromicina e à lincomicina, isoladamente ou em associação. O grande número de ribotipos e de padrões de resistência a antimicrobianos observados nesta propriedade demonstrou que há grande heterogeneidade genética em populações naturais de S. aureus, fato este que deve ser levado em consideração em programas de controle da mastite bovina.Seventy-seven S. aureus strains, isolated in milk samples obtained from 40 Holstein cows suffering from subclinical mastitis in a dairy herd in the state of São Paulo - Brazil, were undergone to PCR-ribotyping and in vitro susceptibility testing to 12 antimicrobial drugs. PCR-ribotyping revealed nine different patterns and presented a higher discriminatory power (D = 0.82 in comparison with the in vitro antibiotic susceptibility test (D = 0.42. Moreover,, the results showed four antibiotic resistance patterns, with the resistance to lincomycin being the most predominant and comprising 19 (24.7% S. aureus strains. The other 58 (75.3% isolates were sensitive to all

Inhibición de la expresión del sistema agr de Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina mediante el uso de polifenoles totales de hojas de aguacate mexicano ( Persea americana var. drymifolia

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M.A. García-Moreno

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Introducción : La resistencia a los antibióticos por parte de las bacterias está provocando gran impacto negativo en la salud humana y en la producción animal. Actualmente, Staphylococcus aureus es considerada dentro de los seis principales grupos bacterianos con mayores reportes de aparición de resistencia a nivel mundial . Por otro lado , durante décadas las plantas de uso medicinal han sido fuente importante de compuestos bactericida s ; sin embargo, también se ha empezado a documentar otras moléculas con otros mecanismos antimicrobianos , como es la inhibici ón de la percepción de quórum ( anti - p ercepción de q u ó rum ( APQ . En la medicina tradicional mexicana las hojas de aguacate mexicano ( Persea americana var drymifolia han sido empleadas para tratar diversos padecimientos que involucran infecciones bacterianas, por lo que es factible contenga compuesto s que pose a n efectos antioxidantes , bactericidas y APQ, que ayuden a combat ir las infecciones de cepas resistentes. De t al manera , que e l objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar el efecto de los polifenoles totales de las hojas de Persea americana var. drymifolia y su actividad APQ sobre cepas de S. aureus resistente s a meticilina (MRSA . Método s : Se obtuvieron l os polifenoles presente s en las hojas de 18 cultivares de aguacate mexicano mediante extracción asistida por ultrasonido y fueron purificados en una columna de amberlita . E stos polifenoles fueron analizados funcionalmente y evaluados contra cepas de S. aureu s MRSA para determinar su efecto APQ sobre el sistema denominado Agr . Resultados : Los polifenoles extraídos de las hojas de aguacate de raza mexicana exhiben una fuerte actividad bactericida . D e los 18 cultivares probados, la variedad María Elena fue la que presentó el mayor efecto , exhibiendo una CMI de 116 μg∙ mL - 1 y un CMB de 133 μg∙ mL - 1 contra la cepa de MRSA μ3 . Sin embargo, también logran inhibir los niveles

Surveillance van meticilline resistente Staphylococcus aureus in Nederland in 1990

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Frenay HME; van Leeuwen WJ; van Klingeren B; Rost JA; Schot CS

1991-01-01

Follow-up studies on the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Dutch hospitals were continued in 1990. The number of MRSA-isolates in 1990 compared to 1989 is approximately the same. Phage-type pattern and antibiogram were determined for 168 MRSA-isolates from 42

Tilt teste no diagnóstico diferencial da "epilepsia" resistente ao tratamento Tilt table test in the differential diagnosis of refractory "epilepsy"

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Renata Rodrigues Teixeira de Castro

2006-11-01

Full Text Available A epilepsia é uma das causas mais freqüentes de distúrbios neurológicos em adultos jovens. Relatamos um caso em que uma paciente conviveu durante doze anos com o diagnóstico de epilepsia resistente ao tratamento, quando, na verdade, a causa de seus sintomas pôde ser encontrada com a realização do teste de inclinação (tilt teste. O cardiologista deve estar alerta para o possível diagnóstico de síncope neurocardiogênica em pacientes previamente diagnosticados como portadores de epilepsia, especialmente naqueles com difícil controle terapêutico.Epilepsy is one of the most frequent causes of neurological disorders in young adults. We report the case of a patient who lived with the diagnosis of refractory epilepsy for twelve years, when actually the cause of the symptoms could be found with the performance of a tilt table test. Cardiologists should be aware of the possible diagnosis of neurocardiogenic syncope in patients previously diagnosed with epilepsy, especially in those with difficult therapeutic control.

Perfil fenotípico e genotípico de Staphylococcus aureus isolados de estudantes de enfermagem, 2008 Perfil fenotípico y genotípico del Staphylococcus aureus aislados de estudiantes de enfermería, 2008 Phenotypic and genotypic profile of Staphylococcus aureus isolated in nursing students, 2008

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Suelen Teixeira Faria

2011-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Verificar a prevalência de carreamento nasal, perfil fenotípico e genotípico de S. aureus isolados de estudantes de enfermagem. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, com população composta por 101 alunos, cursando as três primeiras séries do curso de graduação em Enfermagem no ano de 2008. S. aureus foi isolado de material biológico obtido dos vestíbulos nasais através de swab. A susceptibilidade à oxacilina e vancomicina foi determinada pelo teste de concentração inibitória mínima. A presença do gene MecA foi determinada pelo teste de reação em cadeia da polimerase. RESULTADOS: Verificou-se 90,1% de positividade para S. aureus. A frequência de resistência à oxacilina foi de 9,8% e todas as amostras foram sensíveis à vancomicina. A oito amostras resistentes À oxacilina apresentaram o gene MecA. CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência foi elevada. A resistência à oxacilna foi expressiva e todas as amostras foram sensíveis à vancomicina. As amostras resistentes à oxacilina carreavam o gene MecA.OBJETIVO: Verificar la prevalencia de transporte nasal, perfil fenotípico y genotípico de S. aureus aislados de estudiantes de enfermería. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal, con población compuesta por 101 alumnos, cursando las tres primeras series del Pregrado en Enfermería en el año 2008. El S. aureus fue aislado del material biológico obtenido de los vestíbulos nasales a través de swab. La susceptibilidad a la oxacilina y vancomicina fue determinada por el test de concentración inhibitoria mínima. La presencia del gen MecA fue determinada por el test de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa. RESULTADOS: Se verificó el 90,1% de positividad para el S. aureus. La frecuencia de resistencia a la oxacilina fue de 9,8% y todas las muestras fueron sensibles a la vancomicina. Las ocho muestras resistentes a la oxacilina presentaron el gen MecA. CONCLUSION: La prevalencia fue elevada. La resistencia a la oxacilina fue expresiva y todas

Plantas transgênicas resistentes a insetos e organismos não-alvo: predadores, parasitóides e polinizadores - doi: 10.5102/ucs.v4i1.23

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Marina Regina Frizzas

2008-04-01

Full Text Available Plantas geneticamente modificadas resistentes aos insetos oferecem benefícios à agricultura moderna. No entanto, esta tecnologia pode afetar o controle biológico natural e a biodiversidade por meio de efeitos diretos e indiretos das plantas transgênicas sobre o valor adaptativo e comportamental de predadores, parasitóides, polinizadores e outros artrópodes não-alvo. Neste artigo, são discutidos os impactos ou os efeitos potenciais de plantas transgênicas resistentes a insetos sobre organismos não-alvo, com ênfase em artrópodes predadores, parasitóides e polinizadores, e os principais estudos com plantas transgênicas resistentes a insetos, publicados nos últimos dez anos.

Staphylococcus aureus ampicillin-resistant from the odontological clinic environment Staphylococcus aureus resistente à ampicilina em ambiente de Clínica Odontológica

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Wagner Luis de Carvalho Bernardo

2005-02-01

Full Text Available The aim of this research was to evaluate the prevalence of Sthaphylococcus spp. and S. aureus in the odontological clinic environment (air, their production of beta-lactamase and antibacterial susceptibility to the major antibiotics utilized in medical particle. During 12 months of samples collect were isolated 9775 CFU by MSA medium suggesting a high amount of Staphylococcus spp. in the clinic environment which can appear through aerosols. A total of 3149 colonies (32.2% were suggestive of pathogenic staphylococci. Gram coloration, catalase test, colony-mallow growing on chromogenic medium, and coagulase test confirmed the identity of 44 (0.45% S. aureus isolates. Of these, 35 isolates (79.5% showed production of beta-lactamase by CefinaseTM discs and resistance to ampicillin, erythromycin (7 isolates and tetracycline (1 isolate suggesting the existence of multiresistant isolates. The evaluation of the oxacillin MIC by Etest® assays showed susceptibility patterns suggesting the inexistence of the mecA gene in chromosomal DNA. These results point out to the need of a larger knowledge on the contamination means and propagation of this microorganism into the odontological clinic.Foi avaliada a prevalência de Staphylococcus spp. e S. aureus no ambiente clínico odontológico, a produção de beta-lactamase e a susceptibilidade antibacteriana aos principais antibióticos utilizados na prática clínica. Durante 12 meses de coleta de amostras foram isolados 9775 UFC no meio de cultura AMS, demonstrando uma elevada quantidade de Staphylococcus spp. no ambiente clínico, provavelmente em decorrência da propagação de aerossóis. Um total de 3149 colônias (32,2% foi sugestivo de estafilococos patogênicos. Coloração de Gram, teste de catalase, crescimento de colônias-malva sobre meio cromogênico e teste de coagulase confirmaram a identidade de 44 (0,45% isolados de S. aureus. Destes, 35 isolados (79,5% mostraram produção de beta

Resistencia de Staphylococcus aureus a los antibióticos en un hospital de la orinoquia colombiana Antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococus aureus at a hospital from the Colombian Orinoquia

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Norton Pérez

2010-09-01

Full Text Available Introducción: El objetivo de este estudio de cohorte retrospectivo fue analizar la resistencia de Staphylococcus aureus a los antibióticos en el Hospital Departamental de Villavicencio, centro de mediana y alta complejidad, entre 2005 y 2009. Materiales y métodos: Se analizaron los resultados de los estudios microbiológicos de los pacientes con cultivo positivo para S. aureus. No se hizo ninguna intervención. La variable de estudio fue la resistencia a la meticilina y el desenlace, la resistencia a los antimicrobianos. Resultados: Se tamizaron 29.451 estudios de microbiología y se encontraron 976 aislamientos de S. aureus, los cuales se analizaron para determinar su resistencia a los antibióticos por el método de microdilución en caldo. El 49,6 % de ellos (484 fueron clasificados como resistentes a la meticilina; se encontró un mayor grado de resistencia múltiple, especialmente para gentamicina (25,0% Vs. 2,9%, ciprofloxacina (25,1% Vs.2,4%, clindamicina (29,4% Vs.4,1% y eritromicina (31,0% Vs.1,7%, y menor, para trimetoprim/sulfametoxazol (11,8% Vs.4,1%. Aunque era de esperarse que la resistencia simultánea para la vancomicina fuera muy baja, se encontraron algunas cepas intermedias y resistentes, pero este resultado no se puede analizar adecuadamente debido a que estas cepas no se remitieron a un laboratorio de referencia para pruebas de confirmación. La resistencia a la tetraciclina, aun en las cepas sensibles a la meticilina, fue alta. No se identificó ninguna cepa resistente al linezolid. No se realizaron estudios para evaluar la resistencia a la tigeciclina. Conclusiones: La resistencia de S. aureus a la meticilina es frecuente también en esta institución hospitalaria de la orinoquia colombiana. La resistencia múltiple es mayor en S. aureus resistente a la meticilina, especialmente a la gentamicina, la ciprofloxacina y la clindamicina. Cuando S. aureus es sensible a la meticilina, también se observa un alto grado de

Caracterización del gen mecA de Staphylococcus aureus resistentes a meticilina aislados de tres grupos poblacionales de la ciudad de Medellín

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Marcela Sanchez

Full Text Available Introducción: Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina (SARM es responsable de infecciones intrahospitalarias, las que constituyen una importante causa de morbilidad y mortalidad en nuestro medio, por lo cual la rápida identificación y tipificación molecular de la resistencia como el complejo SSCmec es esencial para entender la epidemiología de la infección. Objetivo: Caracterizar fenotípicamente la resistencia a meticilina y genotípicamente el casete cromosomal SSCmec en cepas de S. aureus aislados de individuos de la ciudad de Medellín mediante PCR múltiple. Materiales y métodos: A 41 aislamientos (hospitalarios y de la comunidad de S. aureus se les estableció la resistencia a cefoxitin mediante la técnica de Kirby-Bauer y la concentración inhibitoria mínima para oxacilina. Mediante PCR convencional se les confirmó la presencia del gen mecA. Para la tipificación del complejo SSCmec se utilizó PCR múltiple para amplificar 6 loci diferentes de este gen. Resultados: A todos los aislamientos se les confirmó resistencia a meticilina y la presencia del gen mecA, de los cuales 17 fueron clasificados como SSC mec I, 1 como SSC mec II, 21 como SSC mecIV; dos aislamientos no fue posible clasificarlos. Conclusiones: Con el uso de esta técnica clasificamos el 95% de los aislamientos del estudio, encontrando una mayor prevalencia de los SSCmec I y IV. La implementación de esta técnica permite una fácil caracterización de los aislamientos SARM y un apropiado manejo de la información de los integrantes de los comités de infecciones hospitalarios, lo cual podría impactar positivamente en el tratamiento a los pacientes y el control de enfermedades infecciosas intrahospitalarias.

LOS ALMIDONES RESISTENTES Y LA SALUD

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Carmen Carla Quiroga Ledezma

2009-01-01

Para una mejor comprensión de los almidones resistentes y su efecto en la salud se hizo una revisión bibliográfica de los trabajos publicados: estructura del almidón, tipos de modificaciones a la estructura del almidón, digestión del almidón, tipos de almidones, consecuencias fisiológicas del almidón resistente y tendencias futuras.

Superfícies do ambiente hospitalar como possíveis reservatórios de bactérias resistentes: uma revisão Superficies inanimadas del ambiente hospitalario como posibles reservorios de bacterias resistentes: una revisión Surfaces of the hospital environment as possible deposits of resistant bacteria: a review

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Adriana Cristina de Oliveira

2010-12-01

Full Text Available O principal objetivo deste estudo é identificar, na literatura, artigos sobre a ocorrência de contaminação das superfícies inanimadas e uma possível disseminação de bactérias resistentes no ambiente hospitalar. Realizou-se um levantamento bibliográfico de artigos publicados nas bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE, Science Direct, SCOPUS e ISI Web of Knowledge, entre 2000 e 2008. Foram selecionados e analisados vinte e um artigos. Nos estudos analisados, realçou-se a presença de bactérias em monitores, grades de cama, mesas, torneiras, telefones, teclados de computador e outros objetos. Houve predominância de Staphylococcus aureus resistente à meticilina, Clostridium difficile, Acine-to-bacter baumannii e Enterococcus resistentes à vancomicina, sendo fator preditivo a ocupação prévia por pacientes colonizados por tais microrganismos. Verificou-se semelhança entre as cepas isoladas de pacientes colonizados e/ou infectados e as cepas do ambiente por tipificação molecular. Essas evidências reforçam a necessidade de conhecimento e controle de fontes de patógenos no ambiente hospitalar.Se objetivó identificar en la literatura artículos sobre la ocurrencia de contaminación de superficies inanimadas y la posible diseminación de bacterias resistentes en el ambiente hospitalario. Se realizó una investigación bibliográfica en las bases de datos LLILACS, MEDLINE, Science Direct, SCOPUS e ISI Web of Knowledge acerca de artículos publicados entre 2000 y 2008. Fueron seleccionados veintiún artículos. En los estudios analizados, se puso de manifiesto la presencia de bacterias en monitores, barandas de camas, mesas, canillas, teléfonos, teclados de computadora y otras. Existió predominancia de Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina, Clostridium difficile, Acinetobacter baumannii y Enterococcus resistentes a la vancomicina, resultando como factor predictivo el uso previo por parte de pacientes colonizados por tales

Denervação Renal com Cateter Irrigado em Hipertensos Resistentes: Uma Estratégia Promissora?

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Luciana Armaganijan

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Fundamento: A hipertensão arterial sistêmica constitui importante problema de saúde pública e significativa causa de mortalidade cardiovascular. A elevada prevalência e as reduzidas taxas de controle tensional despertaram o interesse por estratégias terapêuticas alternativas. A denervação simpática renal percutânea surgiu como perspectiva no tratamento de hipertensos resistentes. Objetivo: Avaliar a factibilidade e a segurança da denervação renal com cateter irrigado. Métodos: Dez hipertensos resistentes foram submetidos ao procedimento. O desfecho primário foi a segurança, avaliada por eventos adversos periprocedimento, função renal e anormalidade vascular renal aos 6 meses. Os desfechos secundários constituíram mudanças na pressão arterial (consultório e monitorização ambulatorial e no número de anti-hipertensivos aos 6 meses. Resultados: A média de idade foi de 47,3 (± 12 anos, 90% eram mulheres. No primeiro caso, houve dissecção de artéria renal causada por trauma da bainha, fato que não se repetiu após ajuste técnico, demonstrando efeito da curva de aprendizado. Nenhum caso de trombose/infarto renal ou óbito foi reportado. Não se observou elevação dos níveis séricos de creatinina durante o seguimento. Aos 6 meses, diagnosticou-se um caso de estenose significativa de artéria renal, sem repercussão clínica. A denervação renal reduziu a pressão arterial de consultório, em média, em 14,6/6,6 mmHg (p = 0,4 tanto para pressão arterial sistólica como para a diastólica. A redução média da pressão arterial pela monitorização ambulatorial foi de 28/17,6 mmHg (p = 0,02 e p = 0,07 para pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica, respectivamente. Houve redução média de 2,1 anti-hipertensivos. Conclusão: A denervação renal é factível e segura no tratamento da hipertensão arterial sistêmica resistente. Estudos maiores são necessários para confirmar nossos resultados.

Virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis in Rio de Janeiro Fatores de virulência e resistência antimicrobiana em Staphylococcus aureus isolados de mastite bovina no Rio de Janeiro

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Shana M.O. Coelho

2009-05-01

Full Text Available The study was conducted to characterize pheno-genotypically the virulence factors and resistance pattern of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from milk samples of cows with subclinical mastitis. All hemolytic isolates presented beta-hemolysin, and 38% of the non-hemolytic isolates were able to express hemolysins in the presence of a beta-hemolytic strain. The amplification of the coa-gene displayed four different size polymorphisms with about 400 bp, 600 bp, 700 bp and 900 bp. The spaA gene that encodes the IgG-binding region of protein A revealed sizes of 700 bp and 900 bp. The amplification of region X from spaA yielded a single amplicon for each isolate with the prevalent amplicon size being of 180 bp. Amplification of sae gene yielded an amplicon size of 920 bp in 71% of the isolates. Antibiotic resistance pattern revealed that 42% S. aureus were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested. Seven different antibiotic patterns were observed. Our results indicated that 47% and 25% of S. aureus strains exhibited resistance to penicillin and oxacillin respectively. All oxacillin-resistant isolates were mecA-positive.O presente estudo foi conduzido com o objetivo de caracterizar feno-genotipicamente os fatores de virulência e perfil de resistência aos antibióticos de Staphylococcus aureus isolados de amostras de leite de vacas com mastite clínica e subclínica. Em todos os isolados hemolíticos foi detectada a presença de beta hemolisina e 38% dos não-hemolíticos produziram hemolisinas na presença de cepa beta-hemolítica. A amplificação do gene coa apresentou quatro tipos polimórficos distintos com aproximadamente 400 bp, 600 bp, 700 bp e 900 bp. O gene spaA que codifica a região de ligação da proteína A à IgG apresentou bandas de 700 bp e 900 bp. A amplificação do gene que codifica a região X revelou um único amplicon para cada isolado sendo o tamanho prevalente o de 250pb. A amplificação do gene sae resultou em amplicons com

Antibacterial activity of plant extracts and phytochemicals on antibiotic-resistant bacteria Atividade de extratos vegetais e fitofármacos sobre bactérias resistentes a antibióticos

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Gislene G. F. Nascimento

2000-10-01

étodo de difusão em agar, foram utilizadas 14 amostras de microrganismos: 1 levedura (Candida albicans, 5 bactérias sensíveis (Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella choleraesuis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Proteus spp e 8 bactérias resistentes a antibióticos isoladas de ambiente hospitalar (2 amostras diferentes de Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella spp, Proteus spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli e Staphylococcus aureus. A determinação do CIM e sinergismo foram realizados pela incorporação dos extratos e antibióticos aos meios de culturas liquidos. O maior potencial antimicrobiano foi verificado para os extratos de cravo e jambolão que inibiram, respectivamente, 64,2 e 57,1% dos microrganismos, inclusive com maior atividade sobre os microrganismos resistentes a antibióticos (83,3%. Associação de antibióticos e extratos vegetais ou fitofármacos, sobre bactérias resistentes a antibióticos, mostrou que em alguns casos ocorreu sinergismo, possibilitando que antibióticos já ineficazes apresentassem ação sobre estas bactérias. Os dados obtidos no presente trabalho permitem concluir que estudos mais detalhados sobre o uso terapêutico das plantas devem ser intensificados, principalmente sobre bactérias resistentes a antibióticos, seja na sua ação individual ou em menores concentrações associados com antibióticos.

Avaliação da suscetibilidade antimicrobiana de bactérias anaeróbias facultativas isoladas de canais radiculares de dentes com insucesso endodôntico frente aos antibióticos de uso sistêmico

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Bárbara Trindade Di Santi

Full Text Available ResumoIntroduçãoBactérias associadas ao insucesso do tratamento endodôntico são capazes de adquirir e expressar resistência aos agentes antimicrobianos comumente empregados para tratar infecções, o que torna necessário, em determinadas situações, a realização de testes laboratoriais para detectar a resistência ou a suscetibilidade antimicrobiana desses micro-organismos.Objetivoavaliar a suscetibilidade antimicrobiana das cepas de Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Actinomyces viscosus e Staphylococcus aureus isoladas de canais radiculares de dentes com insucesso endodôntico.Material e métodoCepas clínicas de Enterococcus faecalis (n=3, Enterococcus faecium (n=3, Actinomyces viscosus (n=3 e Staphylococcus aureus (n=3, coletadas in vivo de canais radiculares com insucesso endodôntico, foram testadas quanto à suscetibilidade antimicrobiana por meio do método E-test em duplicata, utilizando os antibióticos: Amoxicilina (AC, Rifampicina (RI, Moxifloxacina (MX, Vancomicina (VA, Tetraciclina (TC, Ciprofloxacina (CI, Cloranfenicol (CL, Benzilpenicilina (PG, Amoxicilina + ácido clavulânico (XL, Doxiciclina (DC, Eritromicina (EM e Azitromicina (AZ.ResultadoTodas as cepas clínicas testadas foram suscetíveis aos antibióticos AC, XL, PG, DC, MX, TC e VA. Todos os isolados das espécies de S. aureus foram suscetíveis aos 12 antibióticos testados. As cepas de E. faecalis, E. faecium e A. viscosus mostraram padrão de suscetibilidade intermediário contra EM. Algumas cepas de E. faecalis e E. faecium foram resistentes a AZ e RI.ConclusãoAs cepas clínicas isoladas dos canais radiculares de dentes com insucesso endodôntico mostraram perfis diferentes de suscetibilidade antimicrobiana e nenhum isolado de E. faecalis e E. faeciumapresentou-se suscetível a AZ e EM.

OCORRÊNCIA E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DO AMIDO RESISTENTE EM AMIDOS DE MILHO E DE BANANA

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Teixeira Maria A.V.

1998-01-01

Full Text Available No presente trabalho foi estudada a ocorrência de Amido Resistente (AR em amidos de milho e de banana (naturalmente resistente e investigado o efeito das variáveis: umidade de condicionamento, tempo e temperatura de armazenamento dos géis, na formação do AR em amido normal de milho; além das características físico-químicas e a estrutura fina do AR de milho e de banana. Foi observado que o teor de AR em amidos de milho e banana (2,5% e 49,61%, respectivamente parece não estar relacionada com a composição química do grânulo. O amido de banana apresentou grânulos com certo poliformismo, padrão de raio-x tipo B, além de uma fração linear de DP 34 resistente à b-amilólise. A estrutura cristalina que mantém o grânulo do amido de banana coeso, por si só, não explicou o alto teor de AR encontrado. O amido de milho normal apresentou formas poliédricas e padrão difração em raio-x tipo A. Não foi observada a fração com DP 34 resistente à b-amilólise, apesar da sua maior coesividade quando comparado ao amido de banana. O tratamento hidrotérmico aplicado no amido normal de milho quase triplicou o teor de AR (7,15% devido à formação de estruturas cristalinas coesas. O AR de milho (7,15% de AR, constituído por fragmentos porosos, apresentou padrão de difração tipo C. A não significância do tempo de armazenamento dos géis na produção do AR e a fração linear com DP 34 resistente à b-amilólise presente nos cromatogramas, sugerem a participação da amilose na formação desta estrutura resistente.

STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IN NURSING PROFESSIONALS AND THE MICROORGANISM’S SUSCEPTIBILITY PROFILE TO ANTIMICROBIALS

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Letícia Pimenta Lopes

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: identificar el estado del cargador y el perfil de susceptibilidad a los antibióticos de los Staphylococcus aureus aislados de la saliva y de la secreción nasal de los profesionales de enfermería. Método: estudio transversal, que utilizó muestras de saliva y secreción nasal, obtenidas de 100 profesionales de enfermería que asisten a personas con VIH/SIDA. Resultados: se identificó que 43,0% de los participantes presentaron muestras de saliva y/o secreción nasal positiva por Staphylococcus aureus . De las 74 muestras de secreción nasal con Staphylococcus aureus , 14,9% presentaron resistencia a la oxacilina; 91,9% a la penicilina; 44,6% a la eritromicina y 41,9% a la clindamicina. De las 12 muestras de saliva positivas, 16,7% fueron resistentes a la oxacilina; 100% a la penicilina; 33,4% a la eritromicina y 25,0% a la clindamicina. Conclusión: se cree que el profesional al obtener conocimiento de su estado de portador del microorganismos multi-resistentes, pasará a supervisar sus prácticas asistenciales y adoptar con mayor eficacia las medidas para la prevención y el control de la cadena epidemiológica de estas bacterias en el ambiente laboral.

Eficácia do sulfato de aminosidine na leishmaniose visceral grave, resistente ao tratamento com antimonial pentavalente

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Cleudson Castro

1995-09-01

Full Text Available Descreve-se um caso de calazar grave resistente a dez cursos de antimonial petitavalente (glucantime à base de 20mg de Sb5/kg/dia, que respondeu favoravelmente ao sulfato de aminosidine intramuscular na dose de 20mg/kg/dia por 20 dias, repetido após 20 dias. O parasitismo esplénico passou de 50 parasitos por campo a 3 parasitos em 10 campos logo após a primeira série de sulfato de aminosidine, tornando-se negativo depois de sete meses. A melhora clínica foi imediata, com redução gradual da hepatoesplenomegalia, e desaparecimento 26 meses após. Neste período aumentou 13 kg. Após o uso de aminosidine a reação de Monténégro tornou-se positiva e as células mononucleares responderam quando estimuladas com antígenos de leishmânia.A grave kala-azar infection in a 14 years old boy is described. The leishmanial infection failed to respond to ten interrupted courses of glucantime of variable duration (14-56 days at a dose of 20mg Sb5/kg/day. However a favorable response ocurred to intramuscular aminosidine sulphate (20mg/kg/day for 20 days. This same regimen was repeated 20 days later. After the first treatment splenic puncture parasite density fell from 50 amastigotes per oil immersion field to 3 amastigotes in 10 fields. A further splenic puncture 7 months after treatment was negative. The marked hepatoesplenomegaly gradually resolved over 26 months follow up and he gained 13 kilogramas in weight. After aminosidine sulphate therapy his Montenegro reaction become positive and his lymphocytes responded to leishmania antigens.

Avaliação da tolerância à vancomicina em 395 cepas hospitalares de Staphylococcus aureus resistentes à oxacilina Evaluation of the tolerance to vancomycin in 395 oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from Brazilian hospitals

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Geraldo A. Oliveira

2001-01-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a presença de tolerância à vancomicina em cepas de Staphylococcus aureus resistentes à oxacilina (Orsa isoladas de quatro hospitais da cidade de São Paulo. Foram estudadas 395 cepas Orsa isoladas de pacientes hospitalizados entre outubro de 1998 e maio de 2000. A determinação da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM e da concentração bactericida mínima (CBM para vancomicina foi realizada conforme padronizado pelo National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS. A tolerância à vancomicina foi definida como a razão CBM/CIM > ou = 32. Do total de cepas estudadas, 10,4% apresentaram CIM de 0,5µg/ml para vancomicina; 41,3%, CIM de 1µg/ml; 42,2%, CIM de 2µg/ml; e 6,1%, CIM de 4µg/ml. Em média, 49,1% dos Orsa apresentaram tolerância à vancomicina. Em conclusão, a tolerância à vancomicina entre as cepas Orsa foi considerada elevada. Conseqüentemente, aumentam as chances de falhas no tratamento com vancomicina, além de aumentar o risco da emergência de Staphylococcus aureus vancomicina-intermediário.The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of tolerance to vancomycin in oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (Orsa strains isolated from four hospitals in the city of São Paulo. From October/1998 to May/2000 we analysed 395 Orsa strains isolated from hospitalized patients. MIC and MBC to vancomycin were determined as standardised by National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS. Tolerance was defined as the ratio MBC/MIC > or = 32. The results showed that 10.4% of the Orsa strains presented a MIC of 0.5µg/mL for vancomycin, 41.3% presented a MIC of 1µg/mL, 42.2% a MIC of 2µg/mL and 6.1% a MIC of 4µg/mL. On average, 49,1% of the Orsa presented tolerance to vancomycin. We conclude that the tolerance to vancomycin amongst the Orsa strains was considered high. These high levels of tolerance augment the chances of failure in the treatment with

Características fenotípicas da hipertensão arterial resistente na população brasileira Phenotypic characteristics of resistant hypertension in the Brazilian population

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Ana Paula Cabral de Faria

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Hipertensão resistente (HAR é definida como a pressão arterial que permanece acima da meta pressórica, apesar do uso de três classes de anti-hipertensivos em doses otimizadas, sendo um deles um diurético. Além disso, são considerados também hipertensos resistentes os pacientes que usam quatro ou mais classes e possuem suas pressões controladas. Embora essa definição seja útil na categorização de um maior grupo de resistentes, visto esses dois subgrupos compartilharem alto risco cardiovascular, algumas importantes particularidades clínicas e fisiopatológicas necessitam ser mais bem avaliadas antes de resistentes controlados e não controlados pertencerem ao mesmo grupo. Foram comparadas algumas características cardiovasculares nesses dois subgrupos de hipertensos resistentes. Embora algumas semelhanças, o subgrupo HRNC apresenta fenótipos cardiovasculares com pior prognóstico como maior rigidez vascular e hipertrofia ventricular esquerda, além de função endotelial mais prejudicada e menor queda de pressão arterial no período noturno, entre outras. Frente às diferenças, o subgrupo HRNC está associado à maior risco cardiovascular, podendo ser considerado mais resistente ao tratamento anti-hipertensivo. Além da importância de melhor prevenção e tratamento da HAR com medidas de identificar precocemente os fatores de risco e otimizar a terapia farmacológica, algumas implicações clínicas devem ser consideradas na abordagem de pacientes controlados e não controlados como semelhantes ao grupo de resistentes.Resistant hypertension (RH is defined as blood pressure that remains above target in spite of the concurrent use of three or more classes of antihypertensive drugs at optimized doses (UCRH, with one of them being a diuretic. Moreover, patients whose blood pressure is controlled while using four or more antihypertensive medications are also considered controlled resistant hypertensive (CRH subjects. Although this

Factores de riesgo de la resistencia a meticilina del Staphylococcus aureus causante de bacteriemia: Un estudio multicéntrico de casos y controles emparejados

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Paola Mariana Arias-Ortiz

2016-12-01

Conclusiones. El uso racional de antibióticos y la vigilancia de exposiciones a procedimientos quirúrgicos o al uso de dispositivos invasivos, son intervenciones que podrían mitigar la emergencia de S. aureus meticilino resistente causante de bacteriemia.

Staphylococcus aureus meticilino resistente adquirido na comunidade: um problema mundial

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Síntia de Souza Evangelista

2015-02-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: descrever a epidemiologia dos casos de CA-MRSA no Brasil de forma a compreender sua ocorrência, fatores de risco associados e formas de manejo em relação à situação mundial. Método: revisão integrativa e para seleção dos estudos utilizou-se as bases de dados: Scopus, Science direct, Isi Web of Knowledge, PUBMED e BVS. Resultados: foram identificados dez artigos nacionais que descreveram 21 casos de CA-MRSA principalmente em crianças, adolescentes e adultos com quadro de infecção de pele e tecidos moles evoluindo para infecções graves relacionados ao clone Oceania Southwest Pacific Clone (OSPC que resultaram em hospitalização. Conclusão: apesar do CA-MRSA ser considerado um micro-organismo de relevância mundial verificou-se a escassez de dados publicados sobre sua epidemiologia no Brasil, o que dificultam o delineamento da realidade do país frente ao CA-MRSA.

Detection of methicillin resistance and slime factor production of Staphylococcus aureus in bovine mastitis Detecção de resistência a meticilina e produção do fator slime por Staphylococcus aureus em mastite bovina

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Alper Ciftci

2009-06-01

Full Text Available This study aimed to detect methicillin resistant and slime producing Staphylococcus aureus in cases of bovine mastitis. A triplex PCR was optimized targetting 16S rRNA, nuc and mecA genes for detection of Staphylococcus species, S. aureus and methicillin resistance, respectively. Furthermore, for detection of slime producing strains, a PCR assay targetting icaA and icaD genes was performed. In this study, 59 strains were detected as S. aureus by both conventional tests and PCR, and 13 of them were found to be methicillin resistant and 4 (30.7% were positive for mecA gene. Although 22 of 59 (37.2% S. aureus isolates were slime-producing in Congo Red Agar, in PCR analysis only 15 were positive for both icaA and icaD genes. Sixteen and 38 out of 59 strains were positive for icaA and icaD gene, respectively. Only 2 of 59 strains were positive for both methicillin resistance and slime producing, phenotypically, suggesting lack of correlation between methicillin resistance and slime production in these isolates. In conclusion, the optimized triplex PCR in this study was useful for rapid and reliable detection of methicillin resistant S. aureus. Furthermore, only PCR targetting icaA and icaD may not sufficient to detect slime production and further studies targetting other ica genes should be conducted for accurate evaluation of slime production characters of S. aureus strains.Este estudo objetivou a detecção de Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina e produtor do fator slime em casos de mastite bovina. Um PCR triplex foi otimizado, com alvo no genes 16SrRNA, nuc e mecA para detecção de Staphylococcus spp, S. aureus e resistencia a meticilina, respectivamente. Para detecção das cepas produtoras do fator slime, empregou-se um PCR com alvo nos genes icaA e icaD. No estudo, 59 cepas foram identificadas como S. aureus por testes convencionais e PCR, sendo 13 resistentes a meticilina e quatro positivas para o gene mecA. Embora 22 das 59 cepas

Caracterización de Staphylococcus Aureus aislados del personal de salud de un hospital de mediana complejidad de la ciudad de Cali en el año 2012

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Mónica Chávez

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Introducción. Los estudios de Staphylococcus aureus en personal de salud permiten reducir su diseminación en las infecciones intrahospitalarias y mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes. La colonización por S. aureus en personal de salud de un hospital de tercer nivel, se evaluó caracterizándolo fenotípica y molecularmente. Métodos: Una población de 62 trabajadores y 216 estudiantes de medicina, mediante análisis del antibiograma y polimorfismo del gen agr. Resultados: S. aureus colonizó el 30,1% del personal; 17,5% trabajadores, 33,8% estudiantes. El 10,8% fueron meticilino-resistentes, 9 aislados presentaron el gen mecA, ocho resistentes a oxacilina y cefoxitina (88,9% de sensibilidad. La variante II considerada de origen hospitalario, se presentó en el 7,7% de aislados, el agr tipo III de origen comunitario en el 27,6% de aislados meticilino-sensibles. Conclusión. El personal hospitalario presentó colonización por S. aureus de origen hospitalario y comunitario. Es necesario adoptar medidas profilácticas e higiénicas para evitar diseminación y prevenir infecciones.

Perfil dos microrganismos associados à colonização e infecção em Terapia Intensiva

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Adriana Cristina Oliveira

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Justificativa e Objetivos: Nas instituições hospitalares, as Unidades de Terapia Intensiva são consideradas o epicentro de resistência bacteriana devido à maior ocorrência de surtos por bactérias multirresistentes. A monitorização do perfil microbiológico dos microrganismos associados a infecções são fundamentais para apoiar o uso racional de antimicrobianos e as medidas de prevenção e controle de infecções. Assim, objetivou-se verificar o perfil de sensibilidade de microrganismos aos antimicrobianos associados à ocorrência de colonização e infecções em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Métodos: Tratou-se de uma coorte com seguimento de 2.137 pacientes (2005 – 2008 de um hospital universitário de Belo Horizonte. Resultados: Entre os 2.137 pacientes acompanhados foram realizadas 426 (19,9% culturas microbiológicas, 61,7% (263 se referiam a colonização por microrganismos resistentes destacando-se 39% Acinetobacter baumanni resistentes aos carbapenêmicos, 21% Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistentes aos carbapenêmicos e 14% Staphylococcus aureus resistentes à oxacilina seguidos de Klebsiella pneumoniae e Escherichia coli; 282 pacientes foram diagnosticados com infecções hospitalares (13,2% sendo 86 associadas a microrganismos resistentes. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que o perfil dos microrganismos associados a colonização ou infecção de pacientes na unidade de terapia intensiva entre 2005 e 2008, foi similar ao observado em outros estudos no Brasil e América Latina com predominância dos bastonetes Gram negativos. Evidenciou-se a necessidade de monitoramento das condições ambientais de limpeza e sazonais como variação de temperatura e umidade que podem favorecer a replicação de microrganismos, como parte das medidas de controle da disseminação.

Endocardite acuta da Staphylococcus haemolyticus meticillino sensibile, con recidiva dopo trattamento da ceppo meticillino resistente

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Giacomo Magnani

2005-03-01

Full Text Available Le endocarditi su valvole native (NVE da Stafilococchi coagulasi negativi (CoNS presentano un andamento aggressivo simile a quello da Staphylococcus aureus e sono difficili da trattare per l’alta incidenza da parte dei CoNS di resistenza a oxacillina.Viene riportato un caso di NVE da Staphylococcus haemolyticus meticillino sensibile, con risposta iniziale favorevole al trattamento con oxacillina, ma con successiva recidiva a distanza di tre mesi legata comparsa di ceppo oxacillino-resistente. L’ipotesi è che l’infezione sia stata sostenuta da una popolazione batterica con fenotipo eteroresistente, che in seguito al trattamento antibiotico ha sviluppato resistenza omogenea a oxacillina. Nell’impostare un trattamento per infezioni gravi da Stafilococchi sensibili in vitro ad oxacillina è necessario considerare sempre la presenza di un eteroresistenza.

Infecciones adquiridas en la comunidad por Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina en un hospital de agudos Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in a hospital for acute diseases

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S. Palombarani

2007-09-01

Full Text Available Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina (SAMR es uno de los principales agentes asociados a infecciones intrahospitalarias; sin embargo, en los últimos años ha surgido como un patógeno emergente de la comunidad, causando infecciones graves, principalmente en jóvenes. Se describen 33 casos de infecciones por SAMR de origen comunitario, diagnosticadas entre mayo de 2005 y junio de 2006 en el HIGA "Eva Perón". Se estudiaron retrospectivamente los aislamientos; se confirmó la resistencia a meticilina mediante la detección del gen mecA, se investigó la presencia de genes que codifican dos factores de virulencia (leucocidina de Panton-Valentine -LPV- y g-hemolisina y el tipo de casete mec mediante PCR. Todos los pacientes se encontraban sanos previamente. Cuatro pacientes menores de 12 años presentaron bacteriemia, uno con neumonía grave y los 3 restantes con infección osteoarticular; todos los pacientes mayores de 12 años presentaron infecciones de piel y partes blandas sin compromiso sistémico. Se constató la presencia de casete mec tipo IV en todos los aislamientos; la resistencia a meticilina no se acompañó de resistencia a otros antimicrobianos; los aislamientos fueron portadores de genes que codifican para LPV y para g-hemolisina. Es importante considerar la presencia de estas cepas de origen comunitario a fin de elaborar estrategias para su correcto tratamiento.Methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA is one of the most prevalent pathogens associated with nosocomial infections. However, most recently, MRSA has arisen as an emerging community pathogen, causing serious infections, mainly among young patients. We herein describe 33 cases of infections caused by community-acquired MRSA (CMRSA, diagnosed between May 2005 and June 2006, at "Eva Perón" Hospital. The isolations were retrospectively studied. Methicillin resistance was confirmed by means of the detection of the mecA gene, and the genes for two virulence

Caracterización morfológica y contenido de almidón resistente y disponible en bananos (Musa sapientum exportables del Ecuador

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Edison Omar Martínez-Mora

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Introducción: La investigación tuvo como objetivo fundamental, la caracterización morfológica del almidón nativo de banano (Musa sapientum, contenido en almidón resistente (AR y disponible (AD, de las variedades de banano de exportación: Cavendish (AC, Filipino (AF, Orito (AO y Valery (AV.Material y Métodos: Se determinó tamaño y forma del gránulo de almidón a través de microscopia electrónica de barrido. La cuantificación del AR por medición de su fracción no hidrolizada, luego de un ataque de pepsina, y para la fracción del AD un ataque de amilasa pancreática a la fracción no hidrolizada. Se midió la absorbancia de las dos soluciones de AR y AD a 510nm contra el blanco del reactivo.Resultados: El tamaño de los gránulos de almidón de: AF, AV y AC fueron en promedio 28μm y para el AO, de 35μm aproximadamente. La forma que predominó fue la oval esférica. El contenido de AR y AD estuvo en el rango de 49 a 58,5% y de 41 a 50%, respectivamente.Conclusiones: El almidón resistente, análogo de la fibra y útil en la nutrición humana, se presentó en valores importantes en las muestras de las diferentes variedades de banano exportable del Ecuador, alrededor del 54%. Según los resultados, el almidón de banano de las variedades estudiadas puede ser incorporado en la elaboración de alimentos que demanden características funcionales, principalmente por su alto contenido en almidón resistente.

Habilidade competitiva de plantas de arroz com biótipos de capim-arroz resistente ou suscetível ao quinclorac Competitive ability of rice plants with barnyardgrass biotypes resistant or susceptible to quinclorac

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S.P. Tironi

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a habilidade competitiva de plantas de arroz cultivar BRS Pelota com biótipos de capim-arroz resistente ou suscetível ao herbicida quinclorac. Para isso, foi instalado experimento em casa de vegetação, em delineamento completamente casualizado com quatro repetições, sendo os tratamentos dispostos em esquema fatorial 2 x 6. As unidades experimentais constaram de vasos plásticos contendo 10 dm³ de solo, cujo pH e nível de nutrientes foram previamente corrigidos. Os tratamentos consistiram na competição entre uma planta de arroz, cultivar BRS Pelota, com populações (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ou 5 plantas por vaso dos biótipos de capim-arroz resistente (ECH-13 ou suscetível (ECH-12 ao herbicida quinclorac. As avaliações foram realizadas aos 40 dias após emergência, sendo avaliados; massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA, taxa de crescimento (TC, área foliar específica (AFE, razão de massa foliar (RMF, razão de área foliar (RAF e índice de área foliar (IAF. A interferência no desenvolvimento do cultivar de arroz BRS Pelota foi proporcionalmente maior com o aumento da população de ambos os biótipos de capim-arroz. Os biótipos apresentaram, em geral, habilidade competitiva similar.The objective of this study was to evaluate the competitive ability of the rice cultivar BRS Pelota with biotypes resistant or susceptible to the herbicide Quinclorac. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions in a completely randomized design with four replications, with the treatments arranged in a 2 x 6 factorial. The experimental units consisted of plastic pots containing 10 dm³ of soil, with pH and nutrient level being previously corrected. The treatments consisted of a competition between a rice plant, BRS Pelota cultivar, with populations (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 plants per pot of the barnyardgrass biotypes resistant (ECH-13 or susceptible (ECH -12 to the herbicide Quinclorac. The evaluations were performed

Methicillin-resistente Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in der Veterinärmedizin : ein "New Emerging Pathogen"?

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Walther, Birgit; Friedrich, Alexander W; Brunnberg, Leo; Wieler, Lothar H; Lübke-Becker, Antina

2006-01-01

The problem of nosocomial infections is of increasing importance in veterinary medicine. As an example, this review summarizes current knowledge regarding methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) as a typical example, as these pathogens are the most important agents of nosocomial

Haemonchus resistente a lactona macrocíclica em caprinos naturalmente parasitados

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Mattos Mary Jane Tweedie de

2004-01-01

Full Text Available O ivermectin, antiparasitário amplamente utilizado em caprinos jovens, foi avaliado sobre nematódeos gastrintestinais, em todas as fases parasitárias. Doze caprinos jovens, naturalmente parasitados foram utilizados no experimento, sendo um grupo de seis animais medicado com ivermectin, na dose de 200µg.kg-1 v.o. e o outro grupo utilizado como controle. Para a avaliação, utilizou-se o teste de redução na contagem de ovos (FECR, redução de larvas infectantes e carga parasitária. Amostras fecais de caprinos foram coletadas no dia da medicação (dia zero, aos sete e catorze dias. No décimo quarto dia pós-medicação, todos os caprinos foram sacrificados, para a coleta de helmintos e cálculo da carga parasitária total. A redução do número de ovos (FECR e a eficácia sobre adultos foi de 42,10 % e 32,62 %, respectivamente.O gênero Haemonchus representou 100 % da população do grupo medicado e 99,58 % do grupo controle. Estes resultados indicam que os caprinos já estavam parasitados por Haemonchus resistente ao ivermectin.

Staphylococcus aureus, evolución de un viejo patógeno

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Ileana Álvarez Lam

2012-12-01

Full Text Available El Staphylococcus aureus está considerado uno de los microorganismos más importantes en la práctica médica diaria. Es capaz de provocar una amplia gama de enfermedades, ya sea por acción directa o mediante la acción de sus toxinas. El tratamiento de estas infecciones se ha convertido en algo extraordinariamente complejo en la época actual como consecuencia de la aparición en la comunidad de cepas de S. aureus, resistentes a la meticillina, que provocan infecciones en pacientes sin factores de riesgo, fundamentalmente niños y adolescentes. En este artículo se hace una revisión, que va desde los cambios en la epidemiología de este patógeno, hasta las implicaciones que para el tratamiento médico presupone este fenómeno.

Frecuencia de portadores nasales de Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina en personal de salud de hospitales de Nicaragua Frequency of nasal carriers of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among health workers in Nicaraguan hospitals

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Mercedes Cáceres

2011-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Conocer la frecuencia de portadores nasales de cepas de Staphylococcus aureus resistentes a meticilina (SARM y el patrón de resistencia antimicrobiana de esas cepas obtenidas de trabajadores de la salud de cuatro hospitales de Nicaragua. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal, en el período del 1 de junio de 2009 al 30 de septiembre de 2010. Los hisopados nasales de los trabajadores de la salud que aceptaron voluntariamente participar en el estudio fueron cultivados en medio agar base de detección de resistencia a oxacilina (ORSAB. La identificación de los aislados de S. aureus se realizó por métodos cotidianos y la resistencia a meticilina se determinó por la presencia del gen mecA con la técnica de reacción en cadena de polimerasa. El patrón de resistencia antimicrobiana se detectó por difusión en disco. Cada participante firmó un consentimiento informado con anterioridad a la toma de la muestra. RESULTADOS: Participaron en el estudio 569 trabajadores de la salud, de los cuales 208 eran del hospital de León, 155 de dos hospitales de Chinandega y 206 del de Managua. La frecuencia de portadores nasales de SARM fue de 9,6% en León, 11,6% en Chinandega y 6,7% en Managua. El perfil de resistencia de las cepas SARM fue similar en los cuatro hospitales y todas las cepas fueron sensibles a vancomicina. Del total de cepas SARM aisladas, 15% fueron multirre-sistentes. El porcentaje de resistencia a eritromicina fue el más alto, seguido del de clindamicina. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados del estudio se pueden considerar una advertencia sobre la circulación de cepas SARM entre el personal de salud de los hospitales participantes y aportan información relevante en relación al perfil de resistencia de las cepas SARM.OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of nasal carriers of strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA and the antimicrobial resistance pattern of these strains, obtained from health

Colchones del tipo caja de huevos: ¿un reservorio de staphylococcus aureus resistentes a la meticilina?

OpenAIRE

Ferreira, Adriano Menis; Andrade, Denise de; Almeida, Margarete Teresa Gottardo de; Cunha, Keith Cássia; Rigotti, Marcelo Alessandro

2011-01-01

O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as condições microbiológicas de colchões caixa de ovo em uso hospitalar com a finalidade de identificar a presença de Staphylococcus aureus e seu fenótipo de resistência à meticilina (MRSA). Coletaram-se as amostras microbiológicas nos colchões por meio de placas de contato PetrifilmTM em posições pré-estabelecidas. Totalizou-se 180 placas coletadas em 15 colchões, das quais 139 (72,2%) foram positivas para Staphylococcus aureus. Desse total, 77 (55,4%) e 6...

Evaluación de cuatro métodos para la detección de Staphylococcus aureus meticilino-resistente de muestras clínicas en un hospital regional Evaluation of four methods for detecting methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from clinical specimens at a regional hospital in Mexico

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Gabriel Acosta-Pérez

2012-02-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Investigar la prevalencia de Staphylococcus aureus meticilino-resistente (MRSA en aislados clínicos y determinar la concordancia entre los métodos de detección de MRSA en un laboratorio con recursos y personal limitado. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se analizaron 140 cepas de Staphylococcus aureus aisladas de muestras clínicas de diferentes departamentos mediante pruebas convencionales: producción de β-lactamasa, sensibilidad a oxacilina con MIC-Vitek 2-XL, ChromID MRSA, difusión en agar para discos de 30 μg de cefoxitina, detección de PBP2a y PCR para el gen mecA. Se determinó el índice kappa de Cohen, para evaluar la concordancia entre los diferentes métodos utilizados. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia encontrada fue de 90.7%. La sensibilidad y especificidad para los diferentes métodos de detección fue: difusión en disco para cefoxitina 97 y 92% respectivamente, MIC Vitek 2-XL 97 y 69%, ChromoID MRSA 97 y 85% y detección de PBP2a 98 y 100%. CONCLUSIONES: Todos los métodos son muy buenos para la detección de MRSA; la elección en el uso de cada método dependerá de la infraestructura de cada laboratorio.OBJETIVE: To estimate the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA in clinical isolates and to compare different methods for detection of MRSA in a lab with limited available personnel and resources. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 140 Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from patients in several departments were assayed for β-lactamase production, MIC-Vitek 2 oxacillin, ChromID MRSA, disk diffusion in agar for cefoxitin 30 μg and PBP2a detection. The results of conventional tests were compared with the "gold standard" PCR test for mecA gene. Cohen´s kappa index was also calculated in order to evaluate the intra assay agreement between the used methods. RESULTS: The found prevalence was 90.7%. Sensitivity and specificity were: disk diffusion for cefoxitin 97 and 92% respectively, MIC Vitek 2-XL 97 and 69%, Chromo

Identificação de biótipos de azevém (Lolium multiflorum resistentes ao herbicida glyphosate em pomares de maçã Identification of glyphosate-resistant ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum biotypes in apple orchards

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L. Vargas

2004-12-01

Full Text Available O glyphosate é um herbicida de amplo espectro utilizado há mais de 15 anos em pomares de maçã na região de Vacaria-RS, para manejo da vegetação nas linhas da cultura. São realizadas, em geral, três a quatro aplicações por ciclo e a dose normalmente utilizada é de 720 a 1.080 g e.a. ha-1 de glyphosate (2 a 3 L ha-1 do produto comercial. O azevém (Lolium multiflorum é uma planta daninha comum em pomares e, tradicionalmente, sensível ao glyphosate. Entretanto, nos últimos anos a ocorrência de plantas de azevém que, após receberem o tratamento com glyphosate, não manifestam sintomas significativos de toxicidade sugere que elas adquiriram resistência ao produto. Assim, com o objetivo de avaliar a resposta de uma população de plantas de azevém ao glyphosate, foram realizados três experimentos: um em campo e dois em casa de vegetação. No experimento em campo os tratamentos avaliados constaram de doses crescentes de glyphosate (0, 360, 720, 1.440, 2.880, 5.760 e 11.520 g e.a. ha-1, e os herbicidas paraquat, glufosinate, haloxyfop e diclofop foram empregados como produtos-padrão, aplicados em dois estádios vegetativos do azevém. No experimento em casa de vegetação, os tratamentos constaram de doses crescentes de glyphosate (0, 360, 720, 1.440, 2.880 e 5.760 g e.a. ha-1 mais os herbicidas testemunhas, aplicados sobre plantas do biótipo considerado resistente e de um sensível. No segundo experimento realizado em casa de vegetação foram avaliados tratamentos contendo glyphosate (720, 1.440, 2.880, 720 + 720 e 720 + 1.440 g e.a. ha-1, em aplicações únicas e seqüenciais, mais os herbicidas paraquat, glufosinate, haloxyfop, clethodim, sethoxydim, diclofop, fenoxaprop, fluazifop, paraquat + diuron, atrazine + simazine, trifluralin e metolachlor. A toxicidade dos tratamentos herbicidas foi avaliada aos 15, 30 e 45 DAT (dias após tratamento. Os resultados obtidos nos experimentos em campo e em casa de vegetação, de forma

A case of familial transmission of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrying the lnu(A gene in Santa Fe city, Argentina Caso de transmisión familiar de Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina adquirido en la comunidad portador del gen lnu(A en la ciudad de Santa Fe, Argentina

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Emilce de los A Méndez

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA is increasingly recognized as an important pathogen causing skin and soft tissue infections as well as necrotizing pneumonia. We describe a case of familial transmission of CA-MRSA between a 6-month-old boy and his mother in Santa Fe City, Argentina. Both isolates showed an identical antimicrobial susceptibility profile, carried type IV SCCmec and harboured the pvl and the lnu(A genes. Isolates showed indistinguishable SmaI-PFGE patterns confirming their genetic relationship. These results corroborate the intrafamilial transmission of CA-MRSA and might associate this strain with the repetitive events of furunculosis within the family.Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina adquirido en la comunidad (SARM-AC es reconocido como un patógeno importante que causa infecciones de piel y partes blandas y neumonía necrotizante. Describimos un caso de transmisión familiar de SARM-AC entre un nino de 6 meses de edad y su madre en la ciudad de Santa Fe, Argentina. Ambos aislamientos mostraron idéntico perfil de sensibilidad a los antimicrobianos, tenían el SCCmec tipo IV, y contenían los genes pvl y lnu(A. Los aislamientos presentaron patrones de SmaI-PFGE indistinguibles entre sí, lo cual confirmó su relación genética. Estos resultados corroboran la transmisión intrafamiliar de SARM-AC; asimismo, este aislamiento podría asociarse con los eventos repetitivos de furunculosis en la familia.

Colchões do tipo caixa de ovo: um reservatório de Staphylococcus aureus resistente à meticilina?

OpenAIRE

Ferreira, Adriano Menis; Andrade, Denise de; Almeida, Margarete Teresa Gottardo de; Cunha, Keith Cássia; Rigotti, Marcelo Alessandro

2011-01-01

O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as condições microbiológicas de colchões caixa de ovo em uso hospitalar com a finalidade de identificar a presença de Staphylococcus aureus e seu fenótipo de resistência à meticilina (MRSA). Coletaram-se as amostras microbiológicas nos colchões por meio de placas de contato PetrifilmTM em posições pré-estabelecidas. Totalizou-se 180 placas coletadas em 15 colchões, das quais 139 (72,2%) foram positivas para Staphylococcus aureus. Desse total, 77 (55,4%) e 6...

Competição entre plantas de arroz e biótipos de capim-arroz (Echinochloa spp. resistente e suscetível ao quinclorac Competition between rice plants and Echinochloa spp. biotypes resistant or susceptible to quinclorac

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L. Galon

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a competitividade interespecífica de biótipos de capim-arroz resistente (R e suscetível (S ao herbicida quinclorac com a cultura do arroz irrigado. O experimento foi instalado em casa de vegetação e os tratamentos consistiram em manter uma planta de arroz cv. BRS Pelota no centro da unidade experimental, variando-se na periferia as densidades de capim-arroz em: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ou 5 plantas do biótipo R (ITJ-13 ou S (ITJ-17 oriundos da região de Itajaí-SC. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o completamente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 6 com quatro repetições. Aos 40 dias após a emergência, foram avaliados as massas fresca e seca e o conteúdo de água de folhas, colmos e total da parte aérea do arroz e do capim-arroz. Houve efeito significativo dos tratamentos para todas as variáveis estudadas quando a cultura do arroz foi cultivada na presença de biótipos de capim-arroz R ou S. Esse efeito foi aditivo na proporção de 1 planta m-2. Entretanto, a capacidade competitiva dos biótipos de capim-arroz resistente e suscetível ao quinclorac, com as plantas de arroz, apresentou comportamento similar quando se variou a densidade de plantas por área.This work aimed to evaluate the interspecific competitiveness of Echinochloa spp. biotypes resistant or susceptible to the herbicide quinclorac. The trial was installed under greenhouse conditions, with the biotypes resistant (ITJ-13 and susceptible (ITJ-17 to quinclorac under competition with the rice plants. The treatments consisted of maintaining one rice plant at the center of the experimental unit, surrounded by 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 Echinochloa plants, according to the treatment. The trial was arranged in a completely randomized blocks design and factorial scheme 2 x 6, with four replications. Forty days after emergence, fresh dry weights and water content of the shoots were evaluated. There was a significant effect for all the variables

Electroconvulsive therapy in treatment-resistant mania: case reports A Eletroconvulsoterapia no tratamento da mania resistente: relatos de casos

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Marcia Britto de Macedo Soares

2002-02-01

Full Text Available Electroconvulsive therapy is known to be effective in the treatment of mood disorders, more specifically for depression and mania. Although a large body of evidence confirms the efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy in the treatment of mania, few prospective studies have been done to assess its effectiveness in treatment-resistant manic episodes. These case reports describe the initial results of a study that is being conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Electroconvulsive therapy among treatment-resistant bipolar patients. METHODS: Three manic patients (according to DSM-IV criteria who were considered treatment-resistant underwent a series of 12 bilateral Electroconvulsive therapy sessions. Before the treatment and then weekly, they were evaluated with the following rating scales: Young Mania Rating Scale, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, and Clinical Global Impressions-Bipolar Version. RESULTS: The 3 patients showed a satisfactory response to Electroconvulsive therapy, although some differences in the course of response were observed. CONCLUSION: These case reports suggest that Electroconvulsive therapy needs further evaluation for the treatment of resistant bipolar patients.A Eletroconvulsoterapia é uma alternativa reconhecidamente eficaz no tratamento dos transtornos do humor. Embora vários estudos tenham confirmado a eficácia desta modalidade terapêutica no tratamento da mania aguda, poucos estudos foram realizados em pacientes maníacos resistentes à farmacoterapia. Esses relatos de casos descrevem resultados preliminares de um projeto de pesquisa que tem por objetivo avaliar a eficácia da Eletroconvulsoterapia no tratamento de transtornos bipolares resistentes. MÉTODOS: Três pacientes com diagnóstico de mania (de acordo com os critérios do DSM-IV, considerados resistentes ao tratamento medicamentoso, foram submetidos a 12 aplicações bilaterais de Eletroconvulsoterapia. Antes do tratamento e

Eindrapportage onderzoek naar ontwikkeling Verticillium resistente Acer

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Hiemstra, J.A.; Sluis, van der B.J.

2013-01-01

Dit project is de laatste fase in het onderzoek naar de ontwikkeling van Verticillium-resistente Acer platanoides (Noorse esdoorn) onderstammen wat in 1993 van start ging op het toenmalige CPRO-DLO (nu PRI) met grootschalige selectie-experimenten. PPO-Bomen heeft vanaf 1999 onderzoek gedaan naar

Colonização por Staphylococcus aureus resistente à meticilina: Que impacto na morbilidade de doentes pediátricos com fibrose quística?

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Joana Fermeiro

2010-07-01

Full Text Available Resumo: Introdução: Ao Staphylococcus aureus resistente à meticilina (MRSA é classicamente reconhecido um papel patogénico no âmbito da fibrose quística (FQ.Objectivos: Avaliação da evolução da prevalência e incidência da colonização por MRSA, impacto clínico no ano após o primeiro isolamento, factores de risco e padrão de resistência antimicrobiana.Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo dos doentes pediátricos colonizados por MRSA seguidos no centro de FQ do Hospital de Santa Maria de 2003 a 2007.Resultados: O MRSA foi isolado em secreções respiratórias de 12 dos 60 doentes seguidos durante este período (colonização crónica em 3 doentes. A idade média à data do primeiro isolamento foi de 9 anos e 10 meses e o tempo médio entre o diagnóstico de FQ e a aquisição de MRSA de 5 anos e 7 meses.Verificou-se um aumento da prevalência e incidência de colonização por MRSA, com um máximo atingido em 2007 (prevalência 14,3% e incidência 8,9%. Quatro doentes cumpriram antibioticoterapia profiláctica antiestafilocócica com flucloxacilina.No ano após o primeiro isolamento de MRSA, constatou-se um aumento do número de dias de internamento em 4 doentes (2 com colonização crónica e deterioração da função pulmonar em 5, incluindo a totalidade dos doentes com colonização crónica. Apenas um doente apresentou diminuição de percentil de índice de massa corporal.As resistências mais frequentemente encontradas foram à rifampicina e à clindamicina.Conclusões: Este estudo revelou ocorrência de deterioração clínica relevante em doentes com colonização crónica por MRSA, reforçando a importância da implementação de estratégias eficazes e precoces de erradicação.Rev Port Pneumol 2010; XVI (4: 527-542 Abstract: Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA plays a well-recognised pathogenic role in cystic fibrosis (CF.Aims: To evaluate the prevalence and incidence of colonisation by MRSA

Padrão de sensibilidade de 117 amostras clínicas de Staphylococcus aureus isoladas em 12 hospitais In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of 117 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from 12 hospitals

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W.V.L. Farias

1997-09-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO. Avaliar o padrão de sensibilidade in vitro de amostras clínicas de Staphylococcus aureus sensíveis (OSSA e resistentes à oxacilina (ORSA a outros antimicrobianos que podem ser utilizados no tratamento de infecções estafilocócicas. MATERIAL E MÉTODO. Foram analisadas 117 amostras clínicas de S. aureus isoladas em vários hospitais de São Paulo. Também foram incluídas amostras isoladas em Campinas, SP, e João Pessoa, PB. A avaliação da sensibilidade in vitro aos antimicrobianos foi realizada pela técnica de microdiluição em caldo, utilizando os procedimentos preconizados pelo National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS. Foi avaliada a concentração inibitória mínima (MIC para 24 antimicrobianos da classe dos beta-lactâmicos, fluoroquinolonas, aminoglicosídeos, glicopeptídeos, macrolídeos, lincosaminas e estreptograminas. Foram avaliadas tanto drogas disponíveis comercialmente quanto as que ainda se encontram em fase de pesquisa. A resistência cruzada entre dez fluoroquinolonas foi avaliada em 24 amostras. RESULTADOS. Os glicopeptídeos, o RP-59500 e a mupirocina foram os antimicrobianos que apresentaram maior atividade in vitro contra amostras de ORSA (100% sensibilidade. Oitenta e sete por cento das amostras de OSSA foram sensíveis à ciprofloxacina (MIC50 0,25mig/mL, enquanto que, para os ORSA, a sensibilidade foi de apenas 38% (MIC50 >4mig/mL. A resistência cruzada para as fluoroquinolonas foi observada mesmo para drogas não disponíveis comercialmente. As fluoroquinolonas que permaneceram ativas contra amostras resistentes à ciprofloxacina (clinafloxacina e WIN-57.273 apresentaram MICs 8 a 64 vezes mais elevados que as amostras sensíveis à ciprofloxacina, sugerindo que, quando lançadas na prática clínica, esses MICs possam se elevar ainda mais, inviabilizando o uso clínico desses compostos. CONCLUSÃO. Os resultados do presente estudo mostraram uma alta taxa de resistência a

Prevalência e perfil de sensibilidade de amostras de Staphylococcus aureus isoladas de casos clínicos de infecções hospitalares

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Maria Inez Almeida

2007-08-01

Full Text Available Este estudo investigou a prevalência e o perfil de sensibilidade de amostras de Staphylococcus aureus isoladas de casos clínicos de infecções hospitalares, em um hospital de ensino, Londrina – Paraná, no período de 2004. Foi também comparado os resultados dos testes de susceptibilidade a oxacilina e vancomicina de 74 cepas, obtidos pelo sistema automatizado MicroScan® (Dade Bering, Sacramento, Califórnia, USA, utilizando Painéis MicroScan® PC 12 (Gram Positivo, com os resultados da técnica de diluição em ágar com diferentes concentrações destes antimicrobianos. As informações foram procedentes do banco de dados das infecções hospitalares da Comissão de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar (CCIH. As amostras de S. aureus apresentaram amplo espectro de resistência frente as drogas testadas. A taxa média de prevalência de infecções hospitalares por S. aureus foi de 16,3% e a taxa média de prevalência de amostras oxacilina resistentes foi de 70,75%. Não se detectou amostras resistentes a vancomicina pelos 2 métodos. O método de diluição em ágar confirmou a resistência a oxacilina em 65 das 74 (83,75% e as amostras avaliadas pelo sistema MicroScan® não apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significantes. Para o antimicrobiano vancomicina, houve concordância em 100% entre os dois métodos.

Tecidos moles (não resistentes: como se fossilizam?

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Silvia Regina Gobbo

2015-06-01

Full Text Available A preservação de tecidos moles (não resistentes desperta atenção pela qualidade dos fósseis preservados, e pela raridade. Este trabalho faz ampla revisão do assunto, desfaz alguns dos mitos correntes sobre fossilização destes materiais, como anaerobiose e soterramento rápido, bem como assinala a relevância do papel da replicagem de estruturas morfológicas por colônias microbianas. No âmbito dos fatores que influenciam a preservação de tecidos não resistentes estão pH, processos de decomposição, soterramento rápido e mineralização rápida por meio de carbonatos ou fosfatos. É possível citar exemplos de fácies sedimentares nas quais há preservação de tecidos não resistentes, como os folhelhos pirobetuminosos, calcários litográficos, folhelhos e diatomitos. Destaca-se o papel das colônias microbianas, tanto na forma de microesferas, como aquelas não-esferulíticas. Os três mitos principais que se procurou desfazer no artigo são: (1 a presença de oxigênio; (2 o soterramento rápido e (3 as colônias microbianas.

Cambios a lo largo del tiempo en la distribución de los complejos de clones dominantes de Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina en Medellín, Colombia

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Ana M. Ocampo

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Introducción. Parte del éxito de Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina (SARM como patógeno se debe a la rápida diseminación de linajes pandémicos con perfiles variables de virulencia y sensibilidad antimicrobiana. En Colombia se han identificado clones asociados al hospital como el pediátrico (CC5-ST5-SCCmecIV, el brasilero (CC8-ST239-SCCmecIII y el chileno/cordobés (CC5-ST5-SCCmecI. Asimismo, se describió el USA300 (CC8-ST8-SCCmecIV, tradicionalmente asociado a la comunidad, causante de infecciones hospitalarias. Objetivo. Describir el comportamiento en el tiempo de los clones de SARM provenientes de un hospital universitario de Medellín en aislamientos recolectados con una década de diferencia. Materiales y métodos. Se analizaron 398 aislamientos de SARM, 67 recolectados en 1994 y 331 recolectados entre 2008 y 2010. La identificación y la sensibilidad a la meticilina se confirmaron mediante los genes nuc y mecA. La caracterización molecular incluyó la tipificación de spa, SCCmec, la electroforesis en gel de campo pulsado (Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis, PFGE, y la tipificación por secuenciación de locus múltiples (Multilocus Sequence Typing, MLST. Resultados. Al analizar los aislamientos de SARM de 1994 se encontró que pertenecían a un único linaje, el CC5-SCCmecIV, mientras que los aislamientos de 2008 a 2010 presentaron dos linajes dominantes: el CC8-SCCmecIVc, con cepas de los tipos spa t008 y t1610, estrechamente relacionadas con el clon USA 300, y el CC5-SCCmecI, con las de tipo spa t149, relacionadas con el clon chileno; no se detectaron cepas del linaje encontrado en 1994. Conclusiones. En este estudio se demuestra una dinámica en el tiempo de las cepas de S. aureus, y se señala la importancia de la vigilancia local y la difusión de los resultados, sobre todo en países como el nuestro, donde SARM es prevalente y la comprensión de su epidemiología es limitada.

Caracterização dos Genes de metalo-beta-lactamase blaNDM, blaSPM e blaIMP em Pseudomonas aeruginosa Resistentes a Carbapenens

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Carolina Jahn

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Justificativa e objetivo: P. aeruginosa é responsável por causar grande variedade de infecções agudas e crônicas. A resistência aos carbapenêmicos está se tornando um problema terapêutico mundial e a produção de metalo-beta-lactamases (MBL tem surgido como um dos mecanismos responsáveis por esta resistência. Objetivou-se identificar as cepas produtoras de MBL e verificar a presença dos genes codificador blaNDM, blaSPM e blaIMP em isolados de P. aeruginosa resistentes aos carbapenens. Métodos: Foram analisadas 16 cepas de P. aeruginosa, isoladas de diferentes sítios de indivíduos atendidos pelo Hospital do Vale do Rio Pardo-RS, no período de março 2014 a fevereiro de 2015. A identificação bioquímica foi realizada segundo protocolo da ANVISA e o antibiograma pelo método de ágar difusão em disco. A triagem fenotípica foi feita pelo teste modificado de aproximação de discos utilizando o EDTA como inibidor e a presença dos genes através da técnica de reação em cadeia da polimerase. Resultados: O setor clínico com maior prevalência de isolamento de P. aeruginosa resistente aos carbapenens é a unidade de terapia intensiva (50%. Em relação aos espécimes clínicos, 62,5% dos isolados foram identificados no trato respiratório inferior. Através do teste fenotípico, 50% das amostras analisadas mostraram ser produtora da enzima MBL. Através da técnica de reação em cadeia da polimerase foi possível identificar a presença de um dos três genes propostos, sendo eles blaSPM. Conclusão: Os isolados de P. aeruginosa mostraram serem produtores de MBL e apresentaram o gene de resistência blaSPM nesta espécie no interior do Rio Grande do Sul. Palavras Chaves: Pseudomonas aeruginosa; metalo-beta-lactamases; blaNDM, blaIMP, e blaSPM .

AMIDO RESISTENTE EM FARINHAS DE BANANA VERDE

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Dayana Portes RAMOS

2010-03-01

Full Text Available

Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o teor de amido resistente (AR em farinhas de banana verde produzidas a partir de treze genótipos de bananeira. Para a produção da farinha foram separadas a 1ª, 3ª e 5ª pencas de cada genótipo, na qual cada penca correspondeu a uma repetição. Os frutos de cada penca no estádio 1 (casca completamente verde de maturação foram descascados manualmente, cortados em fatias circulares de 0,5 cm e desidratados em estufa com circulação de ar a 40ºC por 48 horas, sendo em seguida moídos. A análise de AR consistiu em um processo enzimático, calculando-se o conteúdo final pela concentração de glicose liberada. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise estatística e mostraram diferenças significativas para o teor de AR nas farinhas obtidas dos genótipos de bananeira, sendo que a farinha com maior teor de AR foi a produzida a partir do cultivar ‘Nam’ (40,25% e a menor pelo híbrido ‘Fhia 01’ (10,01%. Pode-se concluir que o conteúdo de AR varia em relação ao genótipo utilizado para a confecção da farinha e que a banana pode ser uma boa opção de estudo de alimento funcional.

Mortality among critically ill patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: a multicenter cohort study in Colombia Mortalidad en pacientes gravemente enfermos con bacteriemia por Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina: un estudio multicéntrico de cohortes en Colombia

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Juan S. Castillo

2012-11-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To evaluate risk factors associated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA bacteremia emergence, its prognosis, and mortality-determining factors in critically ill patients in Colombia. METHODS: A multicenter, retrospective cohort study conducted in 2005-2008 at 16 public and private reference health care institutions in Bogotá, Colombia, that form part of a national epidemiological surveillance network and a hospital network with 4 469 beds. Methicillin-resistant emergence and mortality were analyzed using descriptive and time-to-event analysis; a multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model was built to test the association between methicillin resistance and mortality. RESULTS: A total of 372 patients were studied: 186 with MRSA bacteremia, randomly matched with 186 with methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA bacteremia. Previous surgery, antibiotic exposure, and hospital-acquired infections were independently associated with methicillin resistance. MRSA caused longer hospital stays among survivors (median 24 versus 18 days, P = 0.014. Mortality predictors were: patient age, creatinine level over 1.21mg/dl at ICU admission, severe sepsis, and inotropic requirement. Appropriate antimicrobial therapy and antimicrobial therapy change were independent protective factors, as was male gender. CONCLUSIONS: Methicillin resistance per se was not a mortality-independent prognostic factor. Previous conditions, such as age, baseline renal impairment, severe sepsis, and inotropy demand explained the observed mortality. Appropriate antimicrobial therapy remained a protective factor. A call to improve infection control measures in Colombia is mandatory.OBJETIVO: Evaluar los factores de riesgo asociados con la aparición de bacteriemia por Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina (MRSA, su pronóstico y los factores determinantes de la mortalidad en pacientes gravemente enfermos en Colombia. M�

Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in Portugal

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R. Nazareth

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA has recently emerged as a cause of community-acquired infections among individuals without risk factors. Community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA appears to be more virulent, causing superficial mild skin and soft tissue infections to severe necrotizing fasciitis, and in rare cases, pneumonia.Community-associated MRSA was first reported in Australia in the early 80s, after almost two decades in the USA, and then in several countries in Europe, Asia and South America. No data exists in Portugal.We report the first case of CA-MRSA infection in Portugal, in a young adult with severe necrotizing pneumonia, complicated with bilateral empyema and respiratory failure. Resumo: Recentemente assistiu-se à emergência de infeções na comunidade por Staphylococcus aureus meticilina-resistente (MRSA em indivíduos sem fatores de risco. O MRSA associado à comunidade (CA-MRSA parece ser mais virulento, causando desde infeções superficiais da pele e tecidos moles até fasceíte necrosante e, raramente, pneumonia.O CA-MRSA foi inicialmente identificado na Austrália no início da década de 80 e, após cerca de duas décadas, surgiu nos EUA e em vários países da Europa, Ásia e América do Sul. Não existe informação disponível acerca da prevalência em Portugal.Os autores reportam o primeiro caso de infeção por CA-MRSA em Portugal, num adulto jovem com pneumonia necrotizante grave complicada por empiema bilateral e insuficiência respiratória. Keywords: Community-associated, MRSA, Staphylococcus aureus, Necrotizing pneumonia, Empyema, Palavras-chave: comunidade associada, MRSA, Staphylococcus aureus, pneumonia necrosante, empiema

Antimicrobial activity of surfactants produced by Bacillus subtilis R14 against multidrug-resistant bacteria Atividade antimicrobiana de surfactantes produzidos por Bacillus subtilis R14 frente a bacterias multidroga-resistentes

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Paulo André Vicente Fernandes

2007-12-01

14, frente a bactérias multidroga-resistentes. Durante o cultivo em meio quimicamente definido, a tensão superficial do meio foi reduzida de 54 mN/m no início do crescimento microbiano para 30 mN/m depois de 20 h. Uma concentração de surfactante bruto de 2 g/L foi obtida depois de 40h de cultivo. Uma caracterização preliminar sugeriu que dois surfactantes foram produzidos. A avaliação antimicrobiana destes compostos foi realizada frente a vinte e nove bactérias. O perfil de multidroga-resistência foi previamente definido para Enterococcus faecalis (11 cepas Staphylococcus aureus (6 cepas, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7 cepas e Escherichia coli IC18. Todas as cepas foram sensíveis aos surfactantes, em particular Enterococcus faecalis. Os resultados demonstraram que os lipopeptídios têm um amplo espectro de ação, incluindo microrganismos multidroga-resistentes.

Occurrence of Methicilin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

VO Ogunleye, AO Ogunleye, ATP Ajuwape, KA Akande, AI Adetosoye ... Taking into consideration the danger associated with methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, the findings from this study underscores the need for public enlightenment of both the hospital workers and the general public on the risk associated with ...

Eficácia in vitro de desinfetantes comerciais utilizados no pré e pós-dipping frente a Staphylococcus spp. isolados em rebanhos leiteiros In vitro efficacy of commercial disinfectants used in pre-and post-dipping against Staphylococcus spp. isolated from dairy cattle

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Ayodhya C. Ramalho

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se com esse estudo avaliar a eficácia in vitro de desinfetantes comerciais utilizados no pré e pós- -dipping, frente a Staphylococcus spp. isolados do leite de vacas procedentes de propriedades leiteiras do Agreste e Zona da Mata do Estado de Alagoas. Foram utilizados iodo (0,57%, clorexidine (2,0%, cloro (2,5% e composto de amônio quaternário (4,0%, nas concentrações indicadas, como desinfetantes comerciais usados convencionalmente no pré e pós-dipping. Analisou-se um total de 97 isolados de Staphylococcus spp. identificados como S. aureus (16, Staphylococcus coagulase positiva (7 e Staphylococcus coagulase negativa (74. Os desinfetantes foram avaliados em três tempos distintos (15", 30" e 60". Observou-se que 56,3% de Staphylococcus aureus foram sensíveis ao iodo, 68,8% sensíveis ao cloro, 87,5% à clorexidine e 37,5% ao composto de amônia no tempo de 60". Quanto aos Staphylococcus coagulase positiva (SCP, 100% dos isolados foram resistentes ao clorexidine, 85,7% ao composto de amônio, 57,1% ao cloro, e 42,9 resistentes ao iodo no tempo de 60". Em relação aos Staphylococcus coagulase negativa (SCN foi observado 91,9% de sensibilidade ao clorexidine, 70,3% sensíveis ao cloro, 66,2% ao iodo e 24,3% sensíveis ao composto de amônio no tempo de 60". Conclui-se com esse estudo que a maior atividade desinfetante in vitro foi verificada para clorexidine e cloro frente aos S. aureus, iodo e cloro para os SCP e clorexidine e cloro para os SCN. Devido às variações no perfil de sensibilidade e resistência encontradas, é necessária a avaliação regular da eficiência dos desinfetantes usados nas propriedades, com o intuito de observar a eficácia do produto e assim garantir o controle da mastite no rebanho.The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of commercial disinfectants used in pre- and post-dipping, against Staphylococcus spp. isolated from milk originating from dairy cattle farms in the

Desempenho de populações híbridas F2 de arroz-vermelho (Oryza sativa) com arroz transgênico (O. sativa) resistente ao herbicida amonio-glufosinate

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Noldin, J.A.; Yokoyama, S.; Stuker, H.; Rampelotti, F.T.; Gonçalves, M.I.F.; Eberhardt, D.S.; Abreu, A.; Antunes, P.; Vieira, J.

2004-01-01

O arroz-vermelho e o arroz-preto constituem-se nas principais plantas daninhas infestantes da cultura de arroz irrigado, devido à dificuldade de controle seletivo desta espécie em lavouras comerciais. A utilização de cultivares geneticamente modificados resistentes a herbicidas não-seletivos constitui uma alternativa de controle do arroz-vermelho e arroz-preto em arroz irrigado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento de populações híbridas F2 originárias do cruzamento entre o a...

Caracterização de Staphylococcus aureus isolados da barra de mão de carrinhos e alças de cestas de supermercados

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Daiane Buzzatto Oliveira

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Staphylococcus aureus é um dos agentes patogênicos mais notórios, sendo responsável por 45% das toxinfecções em todo o mundo. Um dos grandes problemas atuais é o desenvolvimento de cepas resistentes a antibióticos. Considerando a importância da disseminação desses micro-organismos na comunidade, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo determinar a presença de Staphylococcus aureus na barra de mão dos carrinhos e alças de cestas de supermercados da cidade de Campo Mourão - PR, e caracterizar a susceptibilidade dos isolados à oxacilina. Foram analisadas 120 amostras, sendo 60 coletadas das barras de mão de carrinhos e 60 coletadas das alças de cestas. Esse micro-organismo foi isolado em 75 amostras (62,5%, sendo que, desse total, 35 amostras (46,7% foram isoladas de carrinhos e 40 (53,3% de cestas de compras. As amostras positivas para Staphylococcus aureus foram submetidas aos testes de susceptibilidade, pelo método de disco-difusão, à oxacilina (cefoxitina e todas as amostras foram consideradas sensíveis a essa droga. Constatou que as barras de mãos e as alças de cestas de supermercados, podem ser consideradas como fômites, na disseminação de Staphylococcus aureus, sendo de extrema importância a higienização desses objetos, a fim de diminuir os riscos de contaminação na comunidade.Palavras-chave: Staphylococcus aureus. Contaminação. Superfícies. Oxacilina. ABSTRACTCharacterization of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated of shopping carts hand bars and handles of handheld shopping baskets in supermarketsStaphylococcus aureus is one of the most notorious pathogens, accounting for 45% of intoxications worldwide. One of the major problems today is the development of antibiotic-resistant strains. Considering the importance of dissemination of these micro- organisms in the community, this study aimed to determine the presence of Staphylococcus aureus in shopping carts hand bars and handles of handheld shopping baskets in

Genotipos de frijol (Phaseolus Vulgaris l. resistentes a Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli de Mexico

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Rosa Navarrete

2000-01-01

Full Text Available Genotipos de frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L. resistentes a Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli de México. Durante 1995 se evaluó la reacción de genotipos de frijol de diversos origenes a Xcp, bajo condiciones de invernadero en el Campo Experimental del Valle de México, del INIFAP. Se realizaron tres experimentos con a120, b44 y csiete genotipos de frijol. Las plantas se inocularon por corte con navajas en la etapa V3, a y b con una mezcla de nueve cepas de Xcp y el c, con cada una de siete cepas con diferente grado de patogenicidad. La severidad se evaluó 20 días después de la inoculación, por comparación con una escala visual de nueve grados. Los datos se analizaron bajo un diseño completamente al azar. En a, los genotipos que mostraron reacción de resistencia a Xcp fueron: A 36, A 475, G 5686, G 11867, Harowood, SEA 14, XAN 266, MCD 4012 y REN 27. En b los genotipos resistentes fueron: Sequía Durango, Taylor y XAN 30. En los experimentos anteriores la severidad de la enfermedad mostró una distribución normal, con el máximo número de genotipos en el grado de severidad cinco en a y seis en b. Los resultados obtenidos indican que el uso de mezclas de cepas de bacterias con diferente patogenicidad es eficiente para identificar genotipos de frijol resistentes a Xcp. Los genotipos resistentes identificados en el último experimento, mostraron respuesta diferencial e interacciones genotipo por cepa. REN 27 y SEA 14 mostraron resistencia a las cepas utilizadas

Aislamientos de Staphylococcus aureus sensibles a meticilina relacionados genéticamente con el clon USA300, ¿origen de los aislamientos SARM de genotipo comunitario en Colombia?

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Javier Antonio Escobar-Pérez

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Introducción. USA300 es un linaje genético que se encuentra en aislamientos de Staphylococcus aureus sensibles (SASM y resistentes a meticilina (SARM. Actualmente, en Colombia las infecciones por SARM en hospitales y en la comunidad son causadas principalmente por un clon con genotipo comunitario (SARM-GC relacionado genéticamente con el clon USA300. El origen de esta variante es aún desconocido. Objetivo. Identificar y caracterizar aislamientos de S. aureus resistentes y sensibles a meticilina con el fin de aportar información para establecer un posible origen de los aislamientos SARM-GC en Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una caracterización de aislamientos SASM relacionados con el clon USA300 detectados a partir de un análisis de 184 aislamientos de S. aureus (90 SARM y 94 SASM causantes de infecciones. La relación genética de los aislamientos se determinó por electroforesis en gel de campo pulsado (PFGE, tipificación de secuencias multilocus (MLST y tipificación del gen de la proteína A (spa. Resultados. De los 184 aislamientos, 27 (14,7 % presentaron características moleculares y relación genética con el clon USA300, y de ellos, 18 fueron SARM y nueve fueron SASM. Todos los aislamientos SARM relacionados con este clon albergaban un casete estafilocócico cromosómico mec (SCCmec IVc (3.1.2. En ningún aislamiento SASM se detectaron secuencias remanentes de SCCmec o una duplicación del sitio attB que evidenciaran la pérdida del casete. Conclusión. El origen de los aislamientos SARM-GC en Colombia probablemente se encuentre en la diseminación de clones SASM relacionados con el clon USA300 que adquirieron el SCCmec IVc posteriormente.

Phenolic compounds, methylxanthines and antioxidant activity in cocoa mass and chocolates produced from "witch broom disease" resistant and non resistant cocoa cultivars Compostos fenólicos, metilxantinas e atividade antioxidante em massa de cacau e chocolates produzidos a partir de cultivares resistentes e não resistentes a "vassoura de bruxa"

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Paula Bacelar Leite

2013-06-01

ção depende da origem genética do fruto, do meio ambiente onde o cacau é cultivado e das operações de processamento. Assim, neste trabalho, objetivou-se determinar os compostos fenólicos monoméricos, metilxantinas e a atividade antioxidante em massa de cacau e chocolates provenientes de cultivares resistentes à "vassoura de bruxa" e não resistentes à doença. Os compostos fenólicos totais na massa de cacau não variou entre os cultivares com valores que variam entre 25,03mg g-1 a 23,95mg g-1. Chocolates feitos a partir de cultivares não resistentes à doença apresentaram maior teor de fenólicos totais (19,11mg g-1 que os cultivares resistentes, SR162 e PH16 com 16,08mg.g-1 e 15,46 mg.g-1, respectivamente. Os conteúdos de epicatequina foram superiores aos de catequina em todos os cultivares. Houve diferenças significativas entre as amostras de massa de cacau analisadas para a cafeína. Chocolates produzidos a partir do cultivar SR162 apresentaram maior quantidade de compostos fenólicos e metilxantinas. A amostra de chocolate com a atividade antioxidante mais elevada é a SR162, seguida dos cultivares não resistentes e PH16, mostrando uma relação entre a atividade antioxidante e o conteúdo de compostos fenólicos monoméricos.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus DNA electrophoretic pattern: temporal changes in an endemic hospital environment Patrón electroforético del ADN de Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina: cambios temporales en un medio hospitalario endémico

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Gleice Cristina Leite

2011-12-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To describe the analysis of geographical and temporal distribution of DNA profiles determined by pulsedfield gel electrophoresis (PFGE of methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA strains isolated from hospitalized patients in a tertiary care university hospital in Brazil. METHODS: Ninetynine samples of MRSA obtained from 89 patients in the period 1999- 2004 were studied. MRSA strains were isolated from central venous catheters (33 isolates and bloodstream infections (66 strains. PFGE with 20 units of SmaI restriction endonuclease was used for genomic typing. RESULTS: Analysis of DNA PFGE of 99 strains of MRSA revealed 26 profiles and their respective related profiles. The mean time interval for detecting MRSA infection was 26 days from hospital admission. Forty-nine patients (57.6% had a recent hospitalization. The DNA PFGE MRSA profiles were distributed in three clonal groups-I, II, and III-according to the period of time when the MRSA strains were isolated. DNA PFGE MRSA profiles were spread homogeneously through all hospital wards. CONCLUSIONS: Changes in the distribution of DNA PFGE MRSA profiles were largely temporal, with clonal groups being replaced over time, without predominance in any hospital ward or any specific area of the hospital.OBJETIVO: Analizar la distribución geográfica y temporal de los perfiles de ADN determinados mediante electroforesis en gel de campo pulsado (PFGE de cepas de Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina (SARM aisladas de pacientes internados en un hospital universitario de atención terciaria en el Brasil. MÉTODOS: Se estudiaron 99 muestras de SARM obtenidas 89 de pacientes en el período 1999-2004. Las cepas de SARM se aislaron de infecciones de catéteres venosos centrales (33 aislados y del torrente sanguíneo (66 cepas. Para la tipificación genómica se empleó PFGE con 20 unidades de endonucleasa de restricción SmaI. RESULTADOS: El análisis del ADN de 99 cepas de SARM

Avaliação da atividade antibacteriana de folhas de Myrtus communis L. (Myrtaceae

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Luiz Estevão Salvagnini

Full Text Available O óleo essencial e o extrato etanólico obtidos a partir de folhas de Myrtus communis foram avaliados quanto 'a atividade inibitória frente a vários microrganismos. Os halos de inibição de crescimento foram avaliados através das técnicas de "template" e difusão em disco para as linhagens de Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis e Serratia marcescens. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que o óleo de M. communis apresentou atividade antibacteriana superior ao extrato etanólico frente a todas as bactérias. A atividade demonstrada tanto para o óleo como para o extrato etanólico frente a algumas linhagens, foi melhor evidenciada pela técnica "template". E. coli foi resistente ao óleo e extrato etanólico testados.

Resistência de genótipos de caupi ao caruncho

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BARRETO PAULO DIÓGENES

2000-01-01

Full Text Available A utilização de resistência genética ao ataque de Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabr. tem sido alvo de investigação científica, especialmente no que diz respeito à identificação de fontes de resistência. O presente trabalho objetivou incorporar, ao grupo de caracteres desejáveis para o cultivo de caupi (Vigna unguiculata (L. Walp., resistência genética ao caruncho (C. maculatus. Foram realizadas hibridações dos genótipos IT81D-1045 e IT81D-1064 (portadores de resistência ao inseto com CNCx 252-1E/FB, CNCx 187-22D-1 e BR 1-Poty (capazes de transferir resistência a viroses, tolerância à seca, formação de grãos com padrão comercial, elevado potencial de produção e adaptabilidade a diferentes condições ambientais. Populações segregantes obtidas destes cruzamentos foram conduzidas pelo método SPD (descendência de uma única vagem, e na geração F5 foram realizadas seleções individuais. As linhagens obtidas foram avaliadas em conjunto com materiais de origens diferentes, utilizando-se parâmetros associados à infestação da praga. Foi constatado que os genótipos avaliados apresentaram variabilidade quanto à preferência à postura, número de insetos emergidos e número de sementes danificadas; as linhas EVx 37-15E e EVx 37-2E foram as que sofreram menor dano causado pelo caruncho; as variáveis número de ovos, número de insetos emergidos e número de sementes danificadas mostraram-se positiva e significativamente correlacionadas entre si; o grupo das linhagens que descendem de genitores resistentes apresenta valores significativamente inferiores aos obtidos pelas demais, o que indica que a resistência ao inseto se transmite geneticamente.

RESISTÊNCIA DE Colletotrichum fragariae E C. acutatum AO BENOMYL NA CULTURA DO MORANGO NO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO

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M.A.S. TANAKA

1997-09-01

Full Text Available O fungicida benomyl, utilizado intensivamente na cultura do morango a partir do final da década de 60, tem sido ineficiente para o controle da flor preta, causada por Colletotrichum acutatum, devido ao aparecimento de formas resistentes ao fungicida, já detectadas desde 1984. Para C. fragariae, no entanto, não há registro de ocorrência de resistência no Estado de São Paulo, embora venha se observando há alguns anos que o produto não tem apresentado resultados satisfatórios para o controle da podridão do rizoma ("chocolate". Para verificar a ocorrência de resistência em C. fragariae foram testados 22 isolados, coletados em diversas regiões produtoras de morango do Estado de São Paulo, e 22 isolados de C. acutatum, para comparação. Todos os isolados de C. acutatum foram resistentes, mesmo na concentração de 1000 ppm. Dos 22 isolados de C. fragariae, 10 comportaram-se como resistentes, crescendo em todas as concentrações testadas. Os demais só se desenvolveram até 1 ppm, sendo considerados sensíveis. As porcentagens de inibição do crescimento dos isolados de C. fragariae resistentes variaram de 50,0 a 88,8 (1 ppm, 54,5 a 89,8 (10 ppm, 63,6 a 78,7 (50 ppm, 67,3 a 80,3 (100 ppm, 74,4 a 82,0 (500 ppm e 76,4 a 86,0 (1000 ppm. Inoculando-se isolados resistentes e sensíveis de C. fragariae em plantas da cultivar IAC-Campinas, observou-se que todos foram igualmente patogênicos.The intensive use of benomyl in strawberry fields since the late 60s. resulted in an ineffective control of the flower blight, caused by Colletotrichum acutatum due to the development of resistance to the fungicide by the patogen, detected in 1984. Until recently, the resistance was not demonstrated in C. fragariae although an increasing failure of benomyl to provide satisfactory control of the crown rot ("chocolate" rot has been observed, indicating the possible occurrence of resistance. To verify this evidence, 22 isolates of C. fragariae, collected at

Avaliação in vitro da eficácia de desinfetantes comerciais utilizados no pré e pós-dippingfrente amostras de Staphylococcus spp. isoladas de mastite bovina In vitro evaluation of the efficacy of commercial disinfectants used in pre and post-dipping against Staphylococcus spp. isolated from bovine mastitis

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Elizabeth Sampaio de Medeiros

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a sensibilidade in vitro de Staphylococcus spp.frente a alguns desinfetantes comerciais utilizados no pré e pós-dipping em vacas leiteiras. Foram testados um total de 60 isolados de Staphylococcus spp. identificados como S. aureus (50 e Staphylococcus coagulase positiva (10 recuperados de glândulas mamárias de vacas com mastite subclínica procedentes das regiões Metropolitana do Recife, Agreste e Zona da Mata do Estado de Pernambuco. O estudo da eficácia dos desinfetantes utilizados no pré e pós-dipping foi realizado utilizando-se os seguintes princípios ativos: cloro (2,5%, iodo (0,57%, clorexidine (2,0%, amônia quaternária (4,0% e ácido lático (2,0% em quatro tempos distintos (15", 30", 60" e 300". Observou-se que 100% de S. aureus foram sensíveis ao iodo, 93,3% sensíveis a clorexidine, 80% sensíveis a amônia, 35,6% sensíveis ao ácido lático e 97,8% resistentes ao cloro no tempo de 60". Com relação a Staphylococcus coagulase positiva (SCP, 100% dos isolados foram sensíveis ao iodo, 81,8% sensíveis a amônia quaternária, 99,9% sensíveis ao ácido lático, 72,7% sensíveis a clorexidine e 100% resistentes ao cloro no tempo de 60". Conclui-se que a maior atividade desinfetante in vitro foi verificada para o iodo e clorexidine frente a S. aureus e do iodo e ácido lático frente aos SCP e que há necessidade de avaliação periódica dos desinfetantes utilizados nas propriedades leiteiras nas regiões estudadas, pois, existem variações no perfil de sensibilidade e resistência aos desinfetantes que podem comprometer os programas de controle da mastite bovina causada por Staphylococcus spp.The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the in vitro sensibility of Staphylococcus spp. to several commercially available disinfectants used for pre and post dipping. A total of 60 isolates of Staphylococcus spp., identified as Staphylococcus aureus (50 and Positive coagulase

Competitiveness of ALS inhibitors resistant and susceptible biotypes of Greater Beggarticks (Bidens subalternans Competitividade de biótipos de Picão-Preto (Bidens subalternans Resistente e euscetível aos inibidores da ALS

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F.P. Lamego

2011-06-01

Full Text Available The continuous use of ALS-inhibiting herbicides has led to the evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds worldwide. Greater beggarticks is one of the most troublesome weeds found in the soybean production system in Brazil. Recently, a greater beggarticks biotype that is resistant (R to ALS inhibitors due to Trp574Leu mutation in the ALS gene was identified. Also, the adaptive traits between susceptible (S and R to ALS inhibitors biotypes of greater beggarticks were compared. Specifically, we aimed to: (1 evaluate and compare the relative growth rates (RGR between the biotypes; (2 analyze the seed germination characteristics of R and S biotypes under different temperature conditions; and (3 evaluate their competitive ability in a replacement series study. The experiments were conducted at the University of Arkansas, USA, in 2007 and at Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in 2008. Plant proportions for replacement series studies were respectively 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100, with a total population of 150 plants m-2. There was no difference in RGR between R and S biotypes. The R-biotype germination rate was lower than that of the S biotype. However, at low temperature conditions (15 ºC, the reverse was observed. In general, there is no difference in the competitive ability between R and S greater beggarticks biotypes.O uso contínuo de herbicidas inibidores da ALS tem levado à evolução de plantas daninhas resistentes mundialmente. Picão-preto é uma das mais importantes plantas daninhas no sistema de produção de soja no Brasil. Recentemente, foi identificado um biótipo de picao-preto resistente (R aos inibidores da ALS devido à mutação Trp574Leu no gene ALS. Também, foram comparadas características adaptativas entre biótipos de picao-preto suscetível (S e R aos inibidores da ALS. Especificamente, os objetivos deste trabalho foram: (1 avaliar e comparar o crescimento

Profundidade de localização do herbicida imazetapir + imazapique no solo sobre a fitotoxicidade em de plantas de arroz não resistente Depth of placement of the herbicide imazethapyr + imazapic in soil profile on non-tolerant rice injury

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Angela Da Cas Bundt

2010-09-01

Full Text Available Os herbicidas imazetapir e imazapique, usados em cultivares de arroz Clearfield®, possuem alta persistência e mobilidade no solo, ocasionando danos em genótipos de arroz não resistentes cultivados em rotação. Tais herbicidas podem lixiviar e atingir maiores profundidades ao longo do perfil. Esse posicionamento em profundidade pode ser um fator de seletividade e explicar parcialmente os diferentes resultados encontrados na literatura sobre o efeito residual do herbicida no solo. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o efeito da profundidade de localização no solo e da mistura formulada pelos herbicidas imazetapir e imazapique (75 e 25g e.a. L-1 na fitotoxicidade em genótipos de arroz não resistentes. Nesse sentido, foram conduzidos dois experimentos em solo com 15% de argila e 1,2% de matéria orgânica, em casa-de-vegetação, no campus da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel, em Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul (RS. O experimento I consistiu de estudo preliminar visando a determinar a profundidade máxima de localização do herbicida no solo que causa danos ao arroz não resistente, e o herbicida foi alocado nas profundidades de 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 50 e 70cm. O experimento II também consistiu na alocação do herbicida em profundidades ao longo do perfil do solo de 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 e 18cm. As variáveis analisadas foram fitotoxicidade, massa da matéria seca e estatura das plantas. O herbicida resultante da mistura formulada de imazetapir com imazapique localizado próximo à superfície do solo causa danos intensos em plantas de arroz não resistente, porém, quando alocado em profundidades maiores que 20cm da superfície do solo, não prejudica o desenvolvimento de genótipos de arroz não resistentes a essa mistura de herbicidas.The herbicides imazethapyr and imazapic, used in Clearfield® rice, have high mobility and persistence in the soil, causing injury to non-resistant rice grown in rotation. These herbicides can leach and reach greater

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus causing bovine mastitis in Argentine dairy herds Sensibilidad a los antimicrobianos de Staphylococcus aureus causantes de mastitis bovina en rodeos lecheros de Argentina

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N.B. Russi

2008-06-01

Full Text Available We assessed the in vitro activity of selected antimicrobial agents against 95 Staphylococcus aureus strains causing both clinical and subclinical bovine mastitis belonging to 61 dairy farms from the Central dairy area of Argentina. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs of penicillin, oxacillin, gentamicin, erythromycin, enrofloxacin and florfenicol were estimated. In addition, the agar diffusion test was performed. MIC50 and MIC90 were as follows: penicillin, 0.05 and 4 µg/ml; oxacillin, 0.25 and 0.25 µg/ml; gentamicin, 0.25 and 0.5 µg/ml; erythromycin 0.125 and 0.25 µg/ml; enrofloxacin 0.25 and 0.5 µg/ml, and florfenicol 4 and 8 µg/ml. b-lactamase activity was detected in 89% of 46 penicillin- resistant strains. Apart from penicillin, antimicrobial resistance in S. aureus causing bovine mastitis remains rare in Argentine dairy farms.Se evaluó la actividad in vitro de un grupo seleccionado de antimicrobianos contra 95 aislamientos de Staphylococcus aureus obtenidos de casos de mastitis bovina clínica y subclínica, en 61 rodeos lecheros de la cuenca central de Argentina. Fueron estimadas las concentraciones inhibitorias mínimas (CIM de penicilina, oxacilina, gentamicina, eritromicina, enrofloxacina y florfenicol. Además se realizó la prueba de difusión en agar. Las CIM50 y CIM90 obtenidas fueron: penicilina 0,05 y 4 µg/ml; oxacilina 0,25 y 0,25 µg/ml; gentamicina 0,25 y 0,5 µg/ml; eritromicina 0,125 y 0,25 µg/ml; enrofloxacina 0,25 y 0,5 µg/ml y florfenicol 4 y 8 µg/ml. Se detectó actividad de b-lactamasa en el 89% de las cepas resistentes a la penicilina. A excepción de lo observado para penicilina, la resistencia a los antimicrobianos en S. aureus causantes de mastitis bovina en Argentina parece ser un fenómeno poco frecuente.

Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina causante de infecciones comunitarias y de infecciones asociadas a la atención en salud en pacientes pediátricos del Hospital Universitario de Santander

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Mayra Alejandra Machuca

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Introducción. Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina (SARM es un agente frecuente de infección en la población pediátrica. Aunque inicialmente las cepas de SARM estaban restringidas a los hospitales, se han reportado a nivel mundial brotes de infección por SARM en individuos sin factores de riesgo y, actualmente, SARM es una causa frecuente de infecciones hospitalarias y comunitarias. Objetivo. Describir la relación entre las características moleculares de aislamientos de SARM (casete cromosómico estafilocócico mec SCCmec y leucocidina Panton-Valentine y el origen de la infección y su presentación clínica en pacientes pediátricos del Hospital Universitario de Santander en Bucaramanga, Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se incluyeron 43 aislamientos de SARM obtenidos de niños hospitalizados. La clasificación del SCCmec (I-V y la subclasificación del SCCmec-IV se realizaron en todos los aislamientos. Además, los genes de la leucocidina Panton-Valentine se detectaron mediante amplificación por PCR. Las características moleculares fueron asociadas con las características clínicas de cada paciente. Resultados. Entre los 43 SARM tipificados, el SCCmec-IVc fue el más frecuente con 77 %, seguido por el SCCmec-I con 16 % y el SCCmec-IVa con 2 %. Tres aislamientos no pudieron ser tipificados. Los genes de la leucocidina Panton Valentine se detectaron en 88 % de los SARM en aislamientos portadores del SCCmec-IVc/IVa y el SCCmec-I. Los SARM SCCmec-IV positivos para la leucocidina Panton-Valentine se asociaron con infecciones adquiridas en la comunidad (47 % y en el hospital (53 % con compromiso de piel y tejidos blandos, y en los casos más graves, con compromiso osteoarticular. Conclusiones. Estos resultados sugieren la presencia de cepas SARM-CO (SCCmec-IV positiva para PVL causantes de infecciones adquiridas en la comunidad y en el medio hospitalario en pacientes pediátricos en Colombia.

CONTROLE DE Staphylococcus aureus EM CHARQUES (JERKED BEEF POR CULTURAS INICIADORAS

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Marcos Franke PINTO

1998-05-01

Full Text Available Jerked beef - JB - é um produto cárneo curado, salgado e seco ao sol, derivado de um típico produto cárneo brasileiro - o charque. Ambos carecem de estudos que orientem seu aprimoramento. Staphylococcus spp. têm sido reportado como o gênero predominante na microbiota do produto, o que evidencia o risco de desenvolvimento de linhagens enterotoxigênicas de S. aureus. Foram empregadas duas linhagens inócuas de estafilococos na elaboração de JB, a fim de avaliar sua influência sobre o desenvolvimento de S. aureus por mecanismo competitivo ou pela produção de bacteriocinas. Os resultados demonstraram que ambas inibiram o desenvolvimento do patógeno tanto in vitro como durante o processamento do produto. Não se observou produção de compostos inibitórios pelas linhagens iniciadoras, ficando a explicação para a inibição observada restrita ao mecanismo competitivo. Este trabalho permitiu demonstrar a possibilidade de aumentar a segurança e padronização de JB pelo emprego de culturas bacterianas selecionadas.Jerked beef - JB - is a sun-dried, salted and cured meat product, derived from charqui. There are few studies about JB in the literature, as in charqui. Staphylococcus spp has been reported to be the predominant microrganism present in JB. The presence of this genus reveals a possible hazard for S. aureus growth. Two staphilococci strains commonly used as starter in fermented meat products have been employed with the purpose to inhibiting S. aureus either through competitive action or through the production of bacteriocins. The results demonstrated the inhibition S. aureus growth, probably through a competitive action, as they grow better in the medium. These starters have not produced any inhibitory compound. These informations led us to conclude that it is possible to improve the safety and quality standardization of JB through appropriate starter cultures.

Determinação da produção de metalo-b-lactamases em amostras de Pseudomonas aeruginosa isoladas em João Pessoa, Paraíba

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Santos Filho Lauro; Santos Isabele Beserra; Assis Alexandro Mangueira Lima de; Xavier Danilo Elias

2002-01-01

Bactérias produtoras de metalo-beta-lactamases (MBLs) são em grande parte resistentes aos betalactâmicos de largo espectro, incluindo oximino-aminotiazol cefalosporinas e também aos carbapenens. O objetivo deste trabalho foi detectar cepas de Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistentes ao imipenem e à ceftazidima, assim como identificar aquelas produtoras de MBLs. Foram estudadas 198 linhagens não-repetitivas isoladas de diversas amostras clínicas, hospitalares e comunitárias, identificadas bioquimica...

Determinação da produção de metalo-beta-lactamases em amostras de Pseudomonas aeruginosa isoladas em João Pessoa, Paraíba

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Santos Filho,Lauro; Santos,Isabele Beserra; Assis,Alexandro Mangueira Lima de; Xavier,Danilo Elias

2002-01-01

Bactérias produtoras de metalo-beta-lactamases (MBLs) são em grande parte resistentes aos betalactâmicos de largo espectro, incluindo oximino-aminotiazol cefalosporinas e também aos carbapenens. O objetivo deste trabalho foi detectar cepas de Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistentes ao imipenem e à ceftazidima, assim como identificar aquelas produtoras de MBLs. Foram estudadas 198 linhagens não-repetitivas isoladas de diversas amostras clínicas, hospitalares e comunitárias, identificadas bioquimica...

Obras de fábrica resistentes. Consideraciones generales de cálculo

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Jenaro Garrido, José María

1986-10-01

Full Text Available This work studies de resisting capacity of the non reinforced masonry works to normal requirements from the knowledge of the nominal value to compressive resistance of its elements, or from the results from compression tests carried out on masses or on masonry samples. The obtained expressions for homogeneous sections are also valid for sections that, because of their cavities, they can be considered heterogeneous, allowing a determination of its resistant behaviour by means of the introduction of the conceipt of resistant homogeneous equivalent section. Finaly it includes a study on deforming and buckling of the masonry works to which diverse expressions gathered already in the Model Code CEB-FIP and in the Instruction in force EH'82 for Concrete Works are applied.El presente artículo recoge un estudio de la capacidad resistente de las obras de fábrica no armadas ante las solicitaciones normales, a partir del conocimiento del valor nominal de la resistencia a compresión de los elementos componentes o de los resultados de ensayos a compresión realizados sobre macizos o probetas de obra de fábrica. Las expresiones obtenidas para secciones homogéneas se extienden a secciones que por comprender cavidades hayan de considerarse heterogéneas, haciendo posible una determinación de su comportamiento resistente mediante la introducción del concepto de sección resistente homogénea equivalente. Finalmente se incluye un estudio sobre la deformabilidad y pandeo de las obras de fábrica a los que se aplican diversas expresiones ya recogidas en el Código Modelo CEB-FIP y en la vigente Instrucción EH-82 para obras de hormigón.

Staphylococcus aureus resistentes a meticilina (SARM positivos para PVL aislados en individuos sanos de Montería-Córdoba

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Sara Pineda

2010-08-01

Full Text Available PVL positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSAs strains isolated from healthy individuals in Montería,Córdoba. Objective. To study SARM and PVL producing strains in healthy individuals of Montería city. Materials and methods.This was a descriptive, prospective and transversal study. A total of 253 samples from pharyngeal swabs in three communities werestudied: 91 prisoners of the jail of Montería (19-58 years old, 100 young adult students of the University of Cordoba (17-30 years oldand 62 children in school age (4-9 years old of the primary school of the University of Cordoba. Individuals analyzed had not beenhospitalized, had not received any antimicrobial treatment and did not show any clinical signs or symptoms in the last months. Theisolates were identified by conventional microbiological tests and the antimicrobial susceptibility was determined for different antibioticswith MicroScan™ kit 1A (SIEMENS. For the detection of the nuc, mecA and PVL genes, we followed the protocols of Brakstad et al.,Oliveira et al. and Gerard et al. respectively. Results. Of the 253 analyzed samples, 62 (24.5% were positive for S. aureus, out of those4 (6.45% were resistant to methicillin and 2 (25% of them were PVL positive; 58 (93.54% were sensitive to methicillin and 6 (75%positive for PVL. Conclusions. Results obtained in this study show the colonization by SARM-AC of healthy individuals. Colonizationwas higher in young adults and children in school-age.

Adhesion and biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus from food processing plants as affected by growth medium, surface type and incubation temperature

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Heloísa Maria Ângelo Jerônimo

2012-12-01

ético (30 mg/mL na redução do número de células bacterianas viáveis presentes em um biofilme pré-formado. As cepas de S. aureus aderiram em número mais elevado quando incubadas em caldo BHI em ambos os tipos de superfícies e temperaturas de incubação testadas. A separação das células das superfícies revelou alta persistência ao longo do período de incubação. Número de células necessário para a formação do biofilme foi detectado depois de três dias de incubação em todos os sistemas experimentais. O ácido peracético e o hipoclorito de sódio não foram eficientes em remover completamente a células de S. aureus aderidas sobre as superfícies de polipropileno e aço inoxidável. Os resultados obtidos revelaram alta capacidade das cepas ensaiadas em aderir e formar biofilme sobre superfícies de polipropileno e aço inoxidável sobre diferentes condições de crescimento e que as células na matriz do biofilme apresentaram-se resistentes à total remoção quando expostas aos sanitizantes hipoclorito de sódio e ácido peracético.

Potencial de cruzamento natural entre o arroz transgênico resistente ao herbicida glufosinato de amônio e o arroz daninho Outcrossing potential of glufosinate-resistant rice to red rice

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J.A. Noldin

2002-08-01

Full Text Available A utilização de cultivares de arroz irrigado resistentes a herbicidas não-seletivos, como o glufosinato de amônio, pode se constituir numa alternativa de controle de arroz daninho em lavouras de arroz irrigado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a taxa e o sentido do cruzamento natural entre plantas de uma linhagem modificada geneticamente para resistência ao herbicida glufosinato de amônio (arroz GM e ao arroz daninho. A taxa de cruzamento natural entre o arroz GM como receptor feminino e o arroz daninho como doador de pólen foi de 0,22 e 0,02%, respectivamente para os ecótipos de arroz daninho com glumas de cor palha e com glumas pretas. No caso inverso, quando o arroz daninho foi o receptor feminino e o arroz GM o doador de pólen, a taxa de cruzamento foi de 0,26 e 0,14%, para o arroz daninho com glumas palha e com glumas pretas, respectivamente. Os resultados deste estudo evidenciaram que ocorreu cruzamento natural entre o arroz GM e o arroz daninho em percentuais que variaram de 0,14 e 0,48%, respectivamente para o arroz preto e para o arroz vermelho. A fim de minimizar a possibilidade de hibridação, medidas de controle eficientes devem ser adotadas no sentido de prevenir a coincidência de floração das plantas de arroz daninho com a das plantas de arroz GM cultivado.The broad spectrum non-selective herbicide ammonium glufosinate, combined with genetically modified glufosinate-resistant rice cultivars (GM rice, may comprise a rice weed control system for red rice and other weeds that infest Brazilian rice fields. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential for outcrossing and gene flow of GM rice to red rice. Natural outcrossing between adjacent field plots (1 m x 1 m was measured during the 1999/2000 production season in Brazil. The outcrossing rate of the GM rice as the female parent to red rice, as the pollen donor, was 0.22% for strawhull and 0.02% for the blackhull red rice, respectively. In the reciprocal

Arquitectura sismo-resistente: respuesta morfológica

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Giulani, Hugo

1994-12-01

Full Text Available In the previous reports (1 and (2 we raised the question of the necessity to develop an Earthquake-Resistant Architecture which would make the integral solution of the seismic problem in buildings possible. We established the grounds, objectives, basic principles and methodology for defining the guidelines to be followed in making the architectural design and structural earthquake-resistant design compatible. The present report brings the proposal of an architectural response from the morphological point of view, allowing us to reach an adequate final form which consists of eliminating all the incompatibilities produced by the seismic demands and determining factors, in other words, we search for an architectural design which, owing to its very morphology, is able to satisfy the said conditions; an "Adequate Final Form" which in itself avoids the bothersome guidelines for making the structural and architectural designs compatible, transforming them into morphological responses to each seismic determining factor.

En informes anteriores (1 y (2 planteamos la necesidad de desarrollar una Arquitectura Sismo-resistente, que posibilite la solución integral del problema sísmico de los edificios. Se establecieron los fundamentos, objetivos, principios básicos y metodología para deducir las pautas de compatibilización del diseño arquitectónico con el diseño estructural sismo-resistente. En el presente informe se propone una respuesta arquitectónica desde la morfología, que permite llegar a una forma final ajustada, en el sentido de eliminar toda incompatibilidad respecto de las exigencias o condicionantes sísmicos. Es decir, un proyecto arquitectónico que por su propia morfología satisfaga dichos condicionantes. Una "Forma Final Ajustada" que evita, por sí misma, las engorrosas pautas de compatibilización del diseño estructural con el diseño arquitectónico, transformándolas en respuestas morfológicas a cada condicionante sísmico.

Avaliação da capacidade resistente última de estacas em compressão usando análises em tensão/deformação

OpenAIRE

Vieira, Ana Rita Ribeiro

2013-01-01

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil - Ramo de Estruturas e Geotecnia Nesta dissertação avalia-se a capacidade resistente última de estacas em compressão usando análises em tensão/deformação. A capacidade resistente última das estacas é avaliada através do programa computacional de elementos finitos Plaxis 2D v. 8 e é comparada com a capacidade resistente última prevista por métodos de extrapolação da curva carga vs. assetamento de ensaios de carga que não ...

Resistência de biótipos de Euphorbia heterophylla l. Aos herbicidas inibidores da enzima ALS utilizados na cultura de soja Resistance of Euphorbia heterophylla l. Biotypes to ALS enzyme inhibitor herbicides used in soybean crop

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GERSON AUGUSTO GELMINI

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Os herbicidas constituem-se na principal medida de controle de plantas daninhas na cultura de soja; no entanto, a pressão de seleção causada pelo uso contínuo de produtos com o mesmo mecanismo de ação pode provocar a seleção de biótipos resistentes, como ocorreu com Euphorbia heterophylla L., que se mostrou resistente aos herbicidas inibidores da enzima acetolactato sintase (ALS em áreas dos Estados do Paraná e Rio Grande do Sul. Para comprovar possíveis novos casos, bem como alternativas para prevenção e manejo, coletaram-se sementes de plantas de E. heterophylla L., na região de Assis (SP, que sobreviveram a tratamentos, em que esses herbicidas foram sistematicamente aplicados nos últimos anos. Desenvolveu-se o experimento em casa de vegetação, comparando-se o biótipo resistente ao suscetível, quando submetido aos diversos herbicidas aplicados em pós-emergência. Aplicaram-se quando as plantas encontravam-se no estádio de duas a quatro folhas verdadeiras, nas doses zero, uma, duas, quatro e oito vezes a recomendada. Aos 20 dias após a aplicação, avaliaram-se os parâmetros relativos ao controle e produção de fitomassa epígea visando ao estabelecimento de curvas de doses-resposta, à obtenção dos fatores de resistência com base nos valores da DL50 e GR50, e à verificação da ocorrência de resistência múltipla. O biótipo resistente apresentou diferentes níveis de resistência aos herbicidas chlorimuron-ethyl e imazethapyr, demonstrando resistência cruzada aos inibidores da ALS dos grupos das sulfoniluréias e imidazolinonas. No entanto, foi eficientemente controlado nos tratamentos com fomesafen (250 g.ha-1, lactofen (120 g.ha-1, flumiclorac-pentil (40 g.ha-1, glufosinato de amônio (150 g.ha-1 e glyphosate (360 g.ha-1.Herbicides are the main tool for weed control in soybean crop, but the selection pressure attributed to the repeated application of the same herbicides and the same mechanism of action can

Linhagens de feijoeiro comum com fenótipos agronômicos favoráveis e resistência ao crestamento bacteriano comum e antracnose Common bean lines with suitable agronomic phenotypes and resistant to bacterial blight and anthracnose

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Joaquim Geraldo Cáprio da Costa

2003-10-01

Full Text Available O crestamento bacteriano comum e a antracnoseincitados por Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (Smith Vauterin, Hoste, Kesters & Swings e Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magn. Scrib., respectivamente, podem reduzir consideravelmente a produtividade do feijoeiro comum (Phaseolus vulgaris L.. Conduziu-se este trabalho com o objetivo de obter linhagens com resistência conjunta ao crestamento bacteriano comum e à antracnose, com características agronômicas desejáveis. Foram obtidas 35 populações F2 provenientes de cruzamentos simples entre linhagens com resistência ao crestamento bacteriano comum proveniente de P. acutifolius A. Gray e linhagens resistentes à antracnose e com características agronômicas favoráveis. As populações segregantes de F2 a F5 foram inoculadas com o patótipo 89 de C. lindemuthianum com uma concentração de 1,2 x 10(6 conídios/mL e submetidas à seleção massal modificada. As plantas que apresentaram grau superior a 4 foram eliminadas. Na geração F5, foi realizada seleção individual das plantas remanescentes para obter as famílias F6. As famílias F6 foram avaliadas mediante inoculação com os patótipos 55, 89, 95 e 453 de C. lindemuthianum. As famílias F7 resistentes à antracnose foram inoculadas em casa-de-vegetação por incisão das folhas primárias com tesoura mergulhada em uma suspensão de 5 x 10(7 ufc do isolado XpCNF 15 de X. axonopodis pv. phaseoli. As linhagens resistentes foram avaliadas em quatro experimentos de campo. Foram selecionadas 17 linhagens com alto rendimento de grãos, resistentes ao crestamento bacteriano comum e à antracnose, com boa altura de inserção das vagens inferiores e resistentes ao acamamento.Common bacterial blight and anthracnose diseases, incited by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (Smith Vauterin, Hoste, Kesters & Swings and Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magn. Scrib., respectively, are major constrains for dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L

Diversidade de bactérias ambientais e de pacientes no Hospital Geral de Palmas-TO

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Anderson Barbosa Baptista

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Patógenos resistentes representam um grande desafio para os hospitais no que se referem aos ao tratamento e as medidas profiláticas. Uma vez no ambiente cepas Gram negativas podem adquirir genes de resistência do solo, da água e dos efluentes hospitalares e assim transmiti-los a outros gêneros. Objetivou-se neste estudo quantificar e qualificar as cepas bacterianas presentes nos pacientes com suspeita de infecção hospitalar e no ambiente em que se encontram internados do Hospital Geral de Palmas. Foram encontradas 14 espécies bacterianas diferentes de 141 amostras, sendo 123 de pacientes e 18 do ambiente hospitalar. Nas amostras dos pacientes destacaram-se a Klebsiella pneumoniae (21,9%, Acinetobacter baumannii (13,8%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12,2%, Escherichia coli (11,4%, Serratia marcescens (10, 6% e Staphylococcus aureus (8,9%, dessas observou-se que 80 cepas eram multirresistentes aos antimicrobianos, prevalecendo a Klebsiella pneumoniae (26,3% e a Acinetobacter baumannii (20,0%. As amostras de Aspirado traqueal apresentaram um maior número de cepas multirresistentes. No ambiente prevaleceram a Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus aureus e Staphylococcus sp. ambas com 22,2%, coletadas de diferentes locais e materiais da UTI como tubo traqueal, Ambu, colchão e monitores. Estes resultados apontam a necessidade de implantação de estratégias administrativas e educativas para reduzir a disseminação de cepas multirresistentes.

Análise proteómica de uma estirpe clínica de Staphylococcus aureus ST398 resistente à meticilina

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Monteiro, Ricardo Jorge Rego

2015-01-01

Dissertação de Mestrado em Genética Molecular Comparativa e Tecnológica Actualmente a proteómica é uma ferramenta muito utilizada na análise das diferenças na expressão de genes em estirpes bacterianas. Há muitos anos que Staphylococcus aureus tem sido reconhecido como um importante agente patogénico responsável por doenças humanas. A dificuldade no tratamento e o surgimento constante de múltiplas resistências a antibióticos têem feito deste organismo um importante foco de e...

Análise de crescimento de biótipos de leiteira (Euphorbia heterophylla resistentes e suscetível aos herbicidas inibidores da ALS Growth analysis of resistant and susceptible wild poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla biotypes to ALS-inhibiting herbicides

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R.A. Vidal

2000-01-01

Full Text Available Foram conduzidos dois experimentos em condições de casa de vegetação, com o objetivo de analisar comparativamente o crescimento de três biótipos de leiteira (Euphorbia heterophylla - EPHHL resistentes (R (Passo Fundo, Não-Me-Toque e Rio Pardo e um suscetível (S (Porto Alegre aos herbicidas inibidores da ALS, por meio do cálculo da taxa de crescimento relativo (TCR e dos índices que a compõem. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental completamente casualizado, com três repetições e tratamentos organizados em fatorial 2 x 4 x 4, em que o fator A correspondeu às duas estações de crescimento (outono e primavera, o fator B aos quatro biótipos de EPHHL e o fator C às quatro épocas de determinação dos índices de crescimento das plantas de leiteira - no primeiro experimento, aos 15, 25, 35 e 45, e, no segundo, aos 23, 33, 43 e 53 dias após a emergência (DAE. No experimento realizado no outono não houve interação entre época de avaliação e biótipo nem efeito simples de biótipo. No experimento realizado na primavera, a razão de peso foliar (RPF do biótipo de Não-Me-Toque foi superior em média à dos demais biótipos; a razão de área foliar (RAF foi superior no biótipo de Não-Me-Toque aos 23 e 53 DAE; e não houve diferenças da TAL e TCR entre os biótipos. Esses resultados sugerem produtividade semelhante entre os biótipos R e S e, portanto, sua equivalência competitiva.Two trials were carried out under greenhouse conditions to compare the development of three ALS inhibitor herbicides resistant (R wild poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla biotypes (Passo Fundo, Não-Me-Toque and Rio Pardo - RS - Brazil and one susceptible (S (Porto Alegre - RS - Brazil using relative growth rate (RGR and related indices. The experiment was arranged as a completely randomized design, with three replications, in a 2 x 4 x 4 factorial, where factor A was two growth seasons (fall and spring; factor B, four biotypes of wild poinsettia

Estudo comparativo dos critérios de dimensionamento ao cisalhamento longitudinal em lajes mistas de aço e concreto

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J. M. Calixto

Full Text Available A ABNT NBR 8800 (2008 permite dois critérios para avaliação da força cortante longitudinal resistente última em lajes mistas de aço e concreto: método m-k e método da interação parcial. O método m-k é o método considerado internacionalmente como padrão para o cálculo dessa força cortante longitudinal resistente. Neste método, a resistência das lajes é obtida por regressão linear dos resultados de ensaios realizados com fôrma de uma mesma espessura. O método da interação parcial, por outro lado, surge como alternativa ao método m-k, para melhor explorar o comportamento dúctil dos perfis de fôrma de aço disponíveis no mercado, os projetos de mossas mais bem elaborados e a utilização de vãos maiores. Dentro deste cenário, o objetivo deste trabalho é fazer uma análise comparativa entre estes dois critérios. Para atingir este objetivo, lajes mistas, em escala natural e com diferentes dimensões de vãos e altura total, foram construídas e testadas, na condição de simplesmente apoiadas. A fôrma de aço incorporada utilizada foi o steel-deck MF 50 fabricado pela METFORM. A análise dos resultados revela valores similares da força cortante longitudinal resistente última entre os dois critérios para a fôrma de aço incorporada utilizada.

SUSCETIBILIDADE A ANTIMICROBIANOS DE STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ISOLADOS DE MANIPULADORES DE INDÚSTRIA DE LATICÍNIOS

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Williani Fabíola GRANDO

2009-06-01

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi isolar Staphylococcus aureus de manipuladores de alimentos de um lacticínio e determinar sua suscetibilidade a diversos antimicrobianos. Para tal, coletaram-se amostras a partir das mãos e cavidade nasal de 29 manipuladores. Foram obtidos 58 cultivos suspeitos, os quais foram submetidos a testes bioquímicos e ao teste de suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos ciprofloxacina, oxacilina, penicilina G, clindamicina, tetraciclina, eritromicina, nitrofurantoína, sulfazotrim, rifampicina e vancomicina através da técnica de difusão em disco. Foram isoladas 19 cepas de S. aureus, sendo 42,10% provenientes das mãos e 57,90% da cavidade nasal dos indivíduos avaliados. O maior índice de resistência foi encontrado para penicilina G (78,95%, seguido pela tetraciclina (26,31%, enquanto que o maior índice de sensibilidade foi observado para nitrofurantoína, sulfazotrim, rifampicina e vancomicina (100%, seguido da oxacilina (94,73% e ciprofloxacina (89,47%. De modo geral, as cepas apresentaram baixos níveis de resistência, entretanto, a presença de S. aureus nas mãos e cavidades nasais dos manipuladores desempenham papel importante na disseminação do micro-organismo.

Estrategias de afrontamiento y personalidad resistente en pacientes de cuidados paliativos. Un estudio preliminar

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CECILIA PEÑACOBA PUENTE

2005-01-01

Full Text Available La medicina paliativa se dedica al cuidado de los pacientes con enfermedades en fase terminal. En España, existen varias unidades de cuidados paliativos, sin embargo, no en todas se lleva a cabo una intervención multidisciplinaria lo cual es esencial para conseguir que una persona muera en una situación de bienestar y con la mejor calidad posible. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar las estrategias de afrontamiento existentes en los enfermos ingresados en unidades de cuidados paliativos en fase de aceptación y su relación con la personalidad resistente. Para ello, se administró un instrumento corto en forma de entrevista. Los resultados encontrados muestran que este tipo de pacientes utilizan estrategias de afrontamiento positivas como acción para resolver problemas, búsqueda de recompensas alternativas y reevaluación positiva. Por otro lado, un aspecto de la personalidad resistente encontrada en estos pacientes es el reto lo cual indica que estos pacientes viven esta experiencia como una oportunidad de desarrollo personal.

Reação de linhagens de feijoeiro ao fungo Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli em condições controladas Reaction of common bean lines to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli in controlled conditions

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Mônica Juliani Zavaglia Pereira

2011-10-01

Full Text Available Entre os patógenos que mais contribuem para a redução da produtividade do feijoeiro no Brasil está o Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli. O emprego de cultivares resistentes é o controle mais eficaz para esse patógeno. Conduziu-se este trabalho, com o objetivo de avaliar linhagens de feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L. do banco de germoplasma da Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA, quanto a reação ao Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli e, ao mesmo tempo, estimar os parâmetros genéticos e fenotípicos que possam auxiliar em futuros programas de melhoramento para esse caráter. Foram avaliadas 367 linhagens em dez experimentos. As testemunhas 'Carioca' (suscetível e 'Carioca MG' (resistente foram utilizadas em todos os experimentos. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente ao acaso, com cinco repetições e parcelas de uma planta por vaso. As inoculações foram realizadas segundo a metodologia de corte e imersão de raízes na suspensão de esporos do fungo e as avaliações realizadas aos 21 dias após a inoculação com base no índice de severidade da doença empregando-se notas de 1 (plantas sem sintomas a 9 (plantas mortas.Das linhagens do banco de germoplasma da Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA avaliadas, 36,5% foram resistentes ao Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli. Entre as resistentes, a maioria foi linhagens obtidas antes de 1990. Das 18 linhagens dos experimentos de VCU, do período de 2005/06, apenas quatro foram suscetíveis. A estimativa da herdabilidade (h² foi elevada (h² = 87%, indicando que, a princípio, o caráter é de fácil seleção.Among the pathogens that most contribute for reducing the productivity of beans in Brazil is the Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli. The use of resistant cultivars is the most effective control for this pathogen. The aim of this study was to evaluate germoplasm bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. lines of the Federal University of Lavras (UFLA as the reaction to the Fusarium oxysporum f

Portadores nasales de Staphylococcus aureus en personal que labora en un Hospital de Santander Nasal carriers of Staphylococcus aureus in the personnel that works in a Hospital of Santander

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Cindy Tatiana Espinosa González

2011-08-01

Full Text Available Introducción: Las infecciones intrahospitalarias constituyen un problema de salud pública mundial, la diseminación de bacterias patógenas a partir del personal de salud, ha sido el enfoque de numerosas investigaciones que buscan mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de portadores de Staphylococcus aureus en fosas nasales del personal que labora en las unidades de cuidados intensivos, infectología pediátrica y lactario en un Hospital en Santander. Metodología: Se estudiaron muestras provenientes de fosas nasales de 87 trabajadores del Hospital. Las cepas aisladas se identificaron mediante las pruebas bioquímicas y posteriormente, se determinó el perfil de susceptibilidad ante diferentes antibióticos, se realizó test D a las cepas de S. aureus. Resultados: La frecuencia de portadores de bacterias patógenas fue 41,4%; el patógeno aislado con mayor frecuencia fue S. aureus (72%, donde el porcentaje de S. aureus meticilino-resistentes (SARM fue de 11,6%, Enterobacter aerogenes (6%, Proteus mirabilis (2,3%, Haemophylus influenzae (1,1%, Citrobacter koseri (1,1% y Providencia rettgeri (1,1%. Conclusión: S. aureus es el agente aislado con mayor frecuencia de las fosas nasales del personal de salud y la presencia de SARM es preocupante por su resistencia a los antibióticos, lo que dificulta su tratamiento. Este hecho evidencia la necesidad de actuar con un carácter preventivo, en el cual el control de portadores es crítico y debe asociarse con medidas de bioseguridad que establezcan barreras más eficientes, para reducir la diseminación del microorganismo y la ocurrencia de infecciones intrahospitalarias. Salud UIS 2011; 43 (2: 111-117Introduction: Nosocomial infections are a public health problem worldwide, its spread start from health personnel carrier of pathogenic bacteria, it has been the focus of a large number of research to improve the quality of life of the patients. Objective: To

Amido resistente em diversas fontes não convencionais de amido

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C. Fontinha

2016-02-01

Full Text Available Amido resistente (AR é aquele que não é digerido no intestino delgado, conduzindo a efeitos benéficos para a saúde, tal como a fibra dietética faz. Procedeu-se à determinação do AR em farinhas e amidos extraídos de duas variedades de castanha (Castanea sativa Mill, Longal e Martainha, da bolota de azinheira (Quercus rotundifolia e da glande do sobreiro (Quercus suber. As farinhas foram obtidas por moenda dos frutos após secagem a diferentes temperaturas, 40º C, 50º C, 60ºC e 70ºC. Posteriormente, procedeu-se ao isolamento dos amidos das farinhas, através da aplicação de dois métodos de extracção: um físico-químico e outro enzimático. Verificou-se que os teores de AR mais elevados foram os apresentados pelas farinhas dos frutos secos a 60ºC, sendo de 46,8%, 36,5%, 39,9% e 43,9%, respectivamente para as castanhas das variedades Longal e Martainha, para a bolota e para a glande. O método de extracção que apresentou valores mais elevados de AR para os amidos extraídos dos diferentes materiais foi o método físico-químico. Tudo indica que a secagem dos frutos a 60ºC e a aplicação do método de extracção do amido pelo processo físico-químico nas farinhas dos frutos secos a esta temperatura são aqueles que melhor preservam a estrutura dos amidos.

SENSIBILIDADE IN VITRO DE STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ISOLADOS DE AMOSTRAS DE LEITE DE VACAS COM MASTITE SUBCLÍNICA

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Albenones José de Mesquita

2006-10-01

Full Text Available Foram submetidas a teste de sensibilidade in vitro a cinco antibióticos e quimioterápicos, 291 cepas de Staphylococcus aureus isolados de 667 amostras de leite procedentes de 375 vacas reagentes ao California Mastitis Test (CMT. Verificaram-se os seguintes percentuais de sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos: gentamicina, 90,72% (264/291; enrofloxacina, 89,35% (260/291; cefaperazona, 88,66% (258/291; kanamicina, 87,63% (255/291 e penicilina, 23,71% (69/291. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Leite bovino, mastite subclínica, antimicrobianos.

Detektion bakterieller Multiresistenzen: Etablierung molekularer Testsysteme für patientennahe Screening-Verfahren

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Kautz, Christian

2017-01-01

Multiresistente Erreger (MRE), wie der Methicillin-resistente Staphylococcus aureus, Vancomycin-resistente Enterokokken und multiresistente gramnegative Bakterien, die β Lactamasen mit erweitertem Wirkspektrum produzieren und/oder Carbapenem resistent sind, verursachen immer häufiger nosokomiale Infektionen. Diese sind schwer zu behandeln und gehen mit einer höheren Morbidität und Mortalität einher. Da besiedelte oder infizierte Patienten ein Reservoir und Vehikel für die Verbreitung von MRE ...

BIOENSAIO PARA DETERMINAÇÃO DA RESISTÊNCIA DE PLANTAS DANINHAS AOS HERBICIDAS INIBIDORES DA ENZIMA ALS

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CHRISTOFFOLETI PEDRO JACOB

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Com o uso intensivo de herbicidas inibidores da acetolactato sintase (ALS em áreas cultivadas com soja, no município de São Gabriel d'Oeste (MS, Brasil, selecionou-se um biótipo resistente da planta daninha Bidens pilosa. A confirmação bioquímica desta resistência, no entanto, é muito difícil de ser feita em campo. Assim, realizou-se um bioensaio com o objetivo de testar a sensibilidade da ALS desse biótipo aos herbicidas inibidores dessa enzima, por meio da aplicação simultânea de herbicidas inibidores da ALS e da KARI (cetoácido reductoisomerase. Para a inibição desta última enzima, utilizou-se o teste CPCA (ácido 1,1-ciclopropanodicarboxílico. Por ele, confirmou-se que a resistência do biótipo de Bidens pilosa é decorrente da insensibilidade da ALS aos herbicidas, que visam inibi-la; pois, quanto maior a quantidade de acetoína, maior é a atividade da enzima e mais intensa a coloração desenvolvida, proporcionando maiores valores nas leituras de absorbância.

Comprobaciones resistentes de elementos constructivos de tierra

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Estrada, Enrique

1986-11-01

Full Text Available This work has the purpose to compare, by means of different tests on adobe bricks and masonry, the obtained resistant properties and those of other similar works carried out in countries having a wide tradition and knowledge about earth as construction material. Elements (adobe bricks and blocks have been tested to compression and bending, and masonry made of those elements to compression and diagonal compression.El presente trabajo pretende comparar, por medio de distintos ensayos sobre elementos y fábricas de mampostería de tierra, las propiedades resistentes obtenidas con las de otros trabajos similares realizados en países con dilatada tradición y conocimiento de la tierra como material de construcción. Se han ensayado elementos (adobes y bloques a compresión y flexotracción y fábricas formadas por conjuntos de los mismos a compresión y a compresión diagonal.

Controle químico de biótipos de buva (Conyza canadensis e Conyza bonariensis resistentes ao glyphosate Chemical Control of glyphosate-resistant horseweed (Conyza Canadensis and hairy fleabane (Conyza bonariensis biotypes

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Micheli Satomi Yamauti

2010-09-01

Full Text Available Estudos foram conduzidos na Estação Experimental de Citricultura de Bebedouro, SP para avaliar a resposta de biótipos de buva resistentes aos herbicidas glyphosate, bromacil + diuron, diuron e paraquat isolados e em mistura, e o efeito de uma aplicação seqüencial com glyphosate. O delineamento foi o de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições e sete tratamentos.. Os herbicidas foram aplicados com pulverizador costal, à pressão constante (mantido por CO2 comprimido, munido com barra com três bicos do tipo TT110015 com um consumo de calda equivalente a 150 L ha-1. O controle foi avaliado visualmente, através de escala percentual de notas. Para o controle geral das plantas daninhas os melhores resultados foram obtidos com diuron isolado e com glyphosate em mistura com bromacil + diuron, enquanto para o controle da buva não houve diferença entre os tratamentos. Depois da aplicação seqüencial, o melhor tratamento para o controle de buva foi com diuron e bromacil+diuron.Studies were conducted at Estação Experimental de Citricultura de Bebedouro, SP to evaluate the response of glyphosate-resistant horseweed and hairy fleabane biotypes to herbicides glyphosate, bromacil + diuron, diuron e paraquat isolated and in mixture and effect of a sequential application of glyphosate. The experimental design was of complete randomized blocks with four replication and seven treatments. The herbicides were applied with costal sprayer, constant pressure with three nozzles TT110015, the equivalent spray volume was 150 L ha-1. The control was visually evaluated, trough percentile note scale. The best results were obtained to general control of weed with diuron isolated and glyphosate in mixture with bromacil + diuron while to glyphosate-resistant horseweed and hairy fleabane there was no difference between the treatments. After sequential application to Conyza sp control, the best treatment was obtained associated with diuron and bromacil+diuron.

Staphylococcus aureus: methicillin-susceptible S. aureus to methicillin-resistant S. aureus and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus.

Science.gov (United States)

Rehm, Susan J; Tice, Alan

2010-09-15

The evolution of methicillin-resistant and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus has demanded serious review of antimicrobial use and development of new agents and revised approaches to prevent and overcome drug resistance. Depending on local conditions and patient risk factors, empirical therapy of suspected S. aureus infection may require coverage of drug-resistant organisms with newer agents and novel antibiotic combinations. The question of treatment with inappropriate antibiotics raises grave concerns with regard to methicillin-resistant S. aureus selection, overgrowth, and increased virulence. Several strategies to reduce the nosocomial burden of resistance are suggested, including shortened hospital stays and outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy of the most serious infections.

Reação de acessos de pimentão e pimentas ao oídio (Oidiopsis taurica Reaction of sweet and hot pepper accesses to powdery mildew (Oidiopsis taurica

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Sally F. Blat

2005-03-01

Full Text Available O oídio causado pelo fungo Oidiopsis taurica é uma das principais doenças no gênero Capsicum spp. Seus danos podem causar desfolha de até 75% e perdas de até 40% em produção. Seu controle através de fungicidas tem se mostrado ineficaz, sendo a resistência genética a melhor alternativa. Poucas fontes de resistência já foram identificadas em Capsicum annuum. Neste trabalho avaliou-se os acessos da coleção de Capsicum spp. do banco de germoplasma da USP/ESALQ quanto às suas reações ao oídio e identificar novas fontes de resistência. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação em condições severas de ocorrência do patógeno. Durante a fase de frutificação foi feita a avaliação das reações, através de uma escala de notas, de 1 (resistente a 5 (altamente suscetível. Dos 156 acessos testados, 53 foram considerados resistentes, sendo representados por 5 acessos em C. annuum, 31 em C. baccatum e 17 em C. chinense. Dentre os acessos resistentes em C. annuum, a variedade dihaploide HV-12 mostrou-se como a mais resistente. Duas novas fontes de resistência se destacaram em C. annuum, #124 e Chilli. Esses acessos mostraram um mecanismo diferenciado de resistência, apresentando uma reação de hipersensibilidade ao patógeno. Os híbridos comerciais Reinger, Nathalie, Margarita, Magali R e Magda foram classificados como suscetíveis a altamente suscetíveis. Grande parte dos acessos resistentes de C. baccatum e C. chinense apresentaram desfolha em conseqüência do mecanismo de hipersensibilidade.Powdery mildew caused by Oidiopsis taurica is one of the major diseases of Capsicum spp., causing damage due to defoliation of up to 75% and yield losses of up to 40%. Disease control with fungicide is inefficient, genetic resistance being the best way of control. Few resistant sources have been identified in Capsicum annuum. Capsicum spp. collection accesses of USP/ESALQ germplasm bank were screened in their reaction and

EPIDEMIOLOGIA MOLECULAR APLICADA AO MONITORAMENTO DE ESTIRPES DE Staphylococcus aureus NA PRODUÇÃO DE QUEIJO MINAS FRESCAL

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Maria Izabel Merino de Medeiros

2013-03-01

Full Text Available We studied the molecular epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus strains potentially toxigenic, isolated from the production process of Minas frescal cheese in a small dairy plant in the state of São Paulo. For this, samples were taken during the period from June 2008 to July 2009. Samples were collected from the surface of the receiving and storage tanks of raw milk, the surface of the balance tank of pasteurized milk, the water supply system, the pipes and equipments, the hands of the handler and from the packaged cheese, totaling 140 samples. The colonies isolated on Baird-Parker Agar confirmed as Gram positive and positive for catalase, coagulase and acetoin production, were submitted to extraction of bacterial DNA using the Invitek - Uniscience® kit. Confirmation of the isolated species and enterotoxins SEA, SEB, SEC, SED and TSST-1 toxin was carried out through the amplification of specific fragments of chromosomal DNA. Among the 74 strains of isolated coagulase-positive staphylococci, only 41 (55.4% strains were confirmed as Staphylococcus aureus, of which 25 (61.0% were positive to the presence of staphylococcal toxins. The most frequently identified enterotoxin was SEA. The toxigenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus were more frequently isolated from hands of the handler (16.0%, raw milk receiving tank (12.0%, pasteurized milk for cheese making (12.0% and fresh white cheese ready for consumption (12.0%.

Estudio metabólico y molecular de cultivos bacterianos degradadores de hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos (PAH) y resistentes a metales pesados

OpenAIRE

Cecotti, Martina; Morelli, Irma Susana; Coppotelli, Bibiana

2015-01-01

La contaminación mixta con PAH y metales pesados conlleva dificultades debido a la potencial toxicidad del metal, limitando la supervivencia solo a los microorganismos que toleren ambos contaminantes. El estudio de cepas degradadoras de PAH y resistentes a metales pesados promete proporcionar herramientas claves para el proceso de biorremediación. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivos la selección, identificación y caracterización de cepas degradadoras de PAH y resistentes a metales pesados aislad...

Actividad del (2E-3-(2, 3-dimetoxifenil-1-(4-metilfenil prop-2-en-1-ona en presencia del poli(ácido maleico-co-2-vinil-pirrolidona sobre un aislamiento clínico de Staphylococcus aureus productor de β-lactamasas = Activity of (2E-3-(2, 3-dimetoxifenil-1-(4-metilfenil prop-2-en-1-ona in the presence of poli(maleic acid-co-2-vinyl-pyrrolidone on a b-lactamase producing clinical isolate of Staphylococcus aureus

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Arenas Fernández, Tatiana

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Introducción: debido a la problemática actual de fármaco-resistencia hacia los antibióticos b-lactámicos, se ha hecho necesario, en busca de una solución, trabajar con nuevas moléculas con potencial farmacológico, así como utilizar novedosos sistemas poliméricos como matrices o excipientes farmacéuticos.Objetivo: evaluar la actividad antibiótica de la ampicilina, combinada con un compuesto sintético de tipo chalcona, denominado (2E-3-(2,3-dimetoxifenil-1-(4-metilfenilprop-2-en- 1-ona, sobre un aislamiento clínico de Staphylococcus aureus resistente a penicilinas, en presencia de una matriz polimérica hidrosoluble denominada poli(ácido maleico-co-2-vinilpirrolidona.Materiales y métodos: el compuesto sintético y la matriz polimérica se obtuvieron por métodos descritos en la literatura. Se usó un aislamiento clínico de Staphylococcus aureus resistente a penicilinas y se hicieron ensayos de actividad antibiótica por la técnica de macrodilución en caldo, de la cual se obtuvieron las concentraciones inhibidoras mínimas de los compuestos evaluados.Resultados: la mezcla ampicilina-chalcona muestra un efecto antibiótico menor que el de su referente ampicilina-sulbactam. No obstante, cuando se utiliza la matriz polimérica en combinación con la ampicilina-chalcona se aprecia un incremento significativo de la actividad antibiótica, evidenciado en que la concentración inhibidora mínima es la mitad de la del referente comercial.

Antimicrobial susceptibility among Enterococcus isolates from the city of Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos entre amostras de Enterococcus isolados na cidade de Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil

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Pedro Alves d'Azevedo

2004-09-01

. faecalis (92,8%, seguidas por E. faecium (2,9%, E. gallinarum (1,5%, E. avium (1,1%, E. hirae (0,7%, E. casseliflavus (0,4%, E. durans (0,4% e E. raffinosus (0,2%. Os testes de sensibilidade revelaram que 62,0% das amostras foram resistentes à tetraciclina, 42,6% à eritromicina, 24,8% ao cloranfenicol, 22,6% à ciprofloxacina, 22,0% à norfloxacina, 3,5% à ampicilina e 3,5% á nitrofurantoína. Resistência a níveis elevados de aminoglicosídeos foi encontrada em 37,8% das amostras, com 23,5% sendo resistente à gentamicina, 14,3% à estreptomicina e 2,8% a ambos gentamicina e estreptomicina. Nenhuma amostra com resistência adquirida à vancomicina ou produtora de b-lactamase foi encontrada. Os resultados indicam um significante percentual de amostras resistentes a diferentes antimicrobianos, apontando a necessidade de estratégias de controle para evitar a disseminação de cepas resistentes e de vigilância contínua para a detecção de características emergentes de resistência.

Prevalência e etiologia da mastite bovina na bacia leiteira de Rondon do Pará, estado do Pará

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Carlos Magno C. Oliveira

2011-02-01

Full Text Available O objetivo do presente trabalho foi pesquisar a prevalência e a etiologia da mastite bovina na bacia leiteira do município de Rondon do Pará, bem como avaliar o perfil de sensibilidade e resistência dos agentes isolados frente aos antimicrobianos. Foram avaliadas 237 vacas mestiças de aptidão leiteira, pertencentes a nove propriedades, as quais utilizavam ordenha manual uma vez ao dia e sistema de criação extensivo em pastagens de Brachiaria brizantha, com fornecimento de sal mineral e água ad libitum. Realizou-se o exame clínico da glândula mamária, o teste da caneca telada e o California Mastitis Test. Dos 935 quartos mamários avaliados, 6,6% apresentaram mastite subclínica, 1,3% mastite clínica e 92,1% foram negativos. As bactérias isoladas na mastite clínica foram Staphylococcus spp. coagulase negativo (25%, Staphylococcus aureus (16,7%, Streptococcus spp. (8,3% e Corynebacterium spp. (8,3%. Na mastite subclínica foram Staphylococcus spp. coagulase negativo (32,3%, Staphylococcus aureus (17,7%, Staphylococcus intermedius (1,6%, Streptococcus spp. (4,8%, Corynebacterium spp. (4,8% e Staphylococcus spp. coagulase negativo/S. aureus (1,6%. Não houve crescimento microbiano em 41,7% das amostras com mastite clínica e 37,1% com mastite subclínica. No antibiograma, 100% dos isolados de Staphylococcus spp. coagulase negativo, S. aureus, S. intermedius, e Streptococcus spp. foram sensíveis ao sulfazotrim. Por outro lado Corynebacterium spp. foi 100% resistente ao mesmo antimicrobiano. A cefalotina, cefoxitina e gentamicina, apresentaram eficácia frente às bactérias isoladas do gênero Staphylococcus spp., as quais neste trabalho representam a grande maioria dos agentes causadores de mastite. A mastite foi diagnosticada em todos os rebanhos pesquisados, contudo o número de animais acometidos foi considerado baixo; isso provavelmente deve-se à baixa produção de leite dos animais e a permanência do bezerro ao pé após a

Antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from enteral diets in a public hospital of Minas Gerais Resistência a antibióticos de Staphylococcus aureus isolados de dietas enterais em um hospital público de Minas Gerais

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Nélio José de Andrade

2007-10-01

Full Text Available Enteral diets constitute an excellent means for microbial growth due to its composition rich in nutrients and its time of exposure to room temperature during application. Among the pathogenic bacteria there is the Staphylococcus aureus that is an opportunist microorganism found in the humans’ mucous membrane (buccal, nasal and oral. Samples of enteral diet after application as well as of the environment used for the preparation of the diets, were collected in a public hospital in Minas Gerais and analyzed for the presence of S. aureus. The contamination by S. aureus was evidenced in 83% of the enteral diet samples. As for the environment, the values found were in conformity with APHA recommendation. The isolated strains were submitted to the evaluation of the resistance to different antibiotics. Resistance was observed for tetracycline (100%, erythromycin (90,9%, chloramphenicol (59,1%, estreptomycin (22,72%, penicillin 18,8%, vancomycin (13,63%, ampicillin (13,63%, amoxilin (9,09% and gentamicin (4,54%. Due to the versatility in the resistance development to several antibiotics the S. aureus survives in hospital environments and can be diffused among patients. Dietas enterais constituem um excelente meio para crescimento microbiano, devido à sua composição rica em nutrientes e ao tempo de exposição à temperatura ambiente durante a administração. Dentre as bactérias patogênicas que podem ser encontradas nessas dietas, cita-se o Staphylococcus aureus, microrganismo oportunista encontrado na microbiota da membrana mucosa (bucal, nasal e oral em seres humanos. Amostras de dieta enteral pós-administração e do ambiente utilizado para o seu preparo foram coletadas em um hospital público e analisadas quanto à presença de S. aureus. A contaminação foi evidenciada em 83% das amostras de dietas enterais, e, quanto ao ambiente, os valores encontrados se apresentam de acordo com a recomendação da APHA. As cepas isoladas foram

Infecções intramamárias causadas por Staphylococcus aureus e suas implicações em paúde pública Staphylococcus aureus intramammary infections and its implications in public health

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Helena Fagundes

2004-08-01

Full Text Available Neste trabalho, são apresentados os principais problemas decorrentes das infecções intramamárias (mastites causadas por Staphylococcus aureus e as conseqüências para a saúde humana da veiculação de suas toxinas através do leite. o S. aureus destaca-se como um dos microorganismos mais importantes que podem ser transmitidos através dos alimentos. Assim, discute-se a possibilidade de veiculação de gastroenterite estafilocócica, não somente através do consumo de leite cru contaminado, mas também de leite tratado termicamente ou de derivados lácteos contendo enterotoxinas termoestáveis. São apresentados alguns aspectos relacionados ao potencial toxigênico das cepas de S. aureus, bem como as principais características das enterotoxinas estafilocócicas. Considerando que o S. aureus é um dos agentes de mastite mais freqüentemente observados, apresentam-se as principais medidas de controle de infecções estafilocócicas em rebanhos leiteiros, com vistas à prevenção da ocorrência de toxinas no leite de consumo.This article presents the main problems derived from the mammary infections (mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus, and the consequences of the presence of its toxins in milk for human health. S. aureus is one of the most important microorganisms that can be transmitted through the food products. Hence, the possibility of transmission of stafilococal gastroenteritis by consumption of raw milk and heat-treated milk, containing heat-resistant enterotoxins, is discussed. Some aspects regarding the toxigenic potential of S. aureus strains and the main characteristics of stafilococal entorotoxins are presented. Taking into account that S. aureus is also one of the most prevalent agents of mastitis, considerations are made on the methods for the controlling of stafilococal infections in dairy cattle, in order to prevent the occurrence of toxins in milk and milk products.

Evaluación de estructuras de muros resistentes

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Lewicki, Bohdan

1988-12-01

Full Text Available The author of this article, who is one of the main International personalities in the field of the structural engineering, point out the importance of intuition as a component of the creative capacity of the engineer, as well as its necessity within de evaluation process of structures. The article includes also some Indications about the general principles on reliability of masonry structures.

El autor del presente artículo, una de las máximas autoridades mundiales en el campo de la Ingeniería estructural, señala la importancia de la intuición como componente de la capacidad creadora del ingeniero y su necesidad en el proceso de evaluación de las estructuras. En el artículo se dan también unas indicaciones referentes a principios generales sobre fiabilidad de las estructuras de muros resistentes.

Resistência ao cisalhamento e grau de intemperismo de cinco solos na região de Lavras (MG

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W. W. Rocha

2002-06-01

Full Text Available Atualmente os parâmetros da resistência ao cisalhamento dos solos podem ser uma ferramenta muito útil na estabilização de taludes e recuperação de voçorocas, bem como na adoção de práticas mecânicas de conservação para os solos agrícolas. Com o objetivo de avaliar a resistência ao cisalhamento de cinco solos da região de Lavras (MG e sua relação com o grau de intemperismo, realizou-se um experimento, utilizando uma prensa de cisalhamento direto, a qual permite ensaiar amostras indeformadas de solos. Essas amostras foram coletadas na profundidade de 0-0,03 m e submetidas ao ensaio de cisalhamento, para a definição das envoltórias de resistência e obtenção da coesão aparente (C e o ângulo de atrito interno (φ. Observou-se que C, de forma geral, foi maior para solos que apresentaram maior densidade, umidade a -0,01 MPa e maior teor de areia. Os valores de (φ foram maiores nos solos com maiores teores de argila. O Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo distrófico (LVAd e o Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo distrófico típico (PVAd, com densidades do solo, teores de areia e umidade a -0,01MPa maiores, apresentaram maiores resistências ao cisalhamento em relação ao Latossolo Vermelho distrófico (LVd, Cambissolo Háplico Tb distrófico (CXbd e Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico (LVdf, que apresentaram maiores teores de argila e matéria orgânica. Para a classe dos Latossolos, a resistência ao cisalhamento foi maior onde os índices Ki e Kr foram mais elevados, graças à estrutura em blocos apresentada pelo LVAd, que condicionou maior resistência ao cisalhamento. Do ponto de vista da resistência ao cisalhamento, os solos LVAd e PVAd mostraram-se mais resistentes a voçorocamento e ao preparo do solo.

Atividade biológica da jurema-preta (Mimosa tenuiflora (Wild Poir. sobre Staphylococcus aureus isolado de casos de mastite bovina

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Denise A. C. Bezerra

Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a sensibilidade do Staphylococcus aureus ao extrato da jurema-preta (Mimosa tenuiflora (Wild Poir.. Foram isoladas 25 cepas de S. aureus de amostras de leite de vacas com histórico de mastite clínica e subclínica, submetidas ao teste de atividade antimicrobiana do extrato de M. tenuiflora. Os testes de sensibilidade in vitro foram realizados utilizando o método de difusão em meio sólido. Em seguida foram inoculados 50 μL do extrato nas seguintes diluições 1:1; 1:2; 1:4; 1:8; 1:16; 1:32; 1:64; 1:128; 1:256; 1:512. As placas foram incubadas a 37 °C, por um período de 24 a 48 h. Os ensaios foram realizados em triplicata. Observou-se halos de inibição entre 6 e 25 mm de diâmetro. O percentual de sensibilidade das amostras testadas foi distribuido em: 1:1 a 1:32 (100%; 1:64 (92%; 1: 128 (72%; 1:256 (28%; 1:512 (0%. O estudo da M. tenuiflora sobre as amostras de S. aureus testadas demonstrou que a planta tem ação antimicrobiana.

Detección y expresión de superantígenos y de resistencia antimicrobiana en aislamientos obtenidos de mujeres portadoras de Staphylococcus aureus que cuidan y alimentan niños.

Science.gov (United States)

Guaca-González, Yina Marcela; Flórez-Restrepo, Gladys Fernanda; Moncayo-Ortíz, José Ignacio; Santacruz-Ibarra, Jorge; Álvarez-Aldana, Adalucy

2018-03-15

Introducción. Staphylococcus aureus coloniza mucosas y piel, y causa graves infecciones en el hombre y los animales. Es importante establecer el estatus de portadoras de cepas enterotoxigénicas de este microorganismo en manipuladoras de alimentos, con el fin de prevenir intoxicaciones alimentarias.Objetivo. Establecer las correlaciones entre los genes de enterotoxinas clásicas, el gen tsst-1, la producción de toxinas en cultivo y la resistencia antimicrobiana en aislamientos de S. aureus provenientes de manipuladoras de alimentos que cuidan niños en sus comunidades.Materiales y métodos. Se cultivaron muestras de las fosas nasales y las yemas de los dedos de las manos, y se identificó S. aureus empleando las pruebas de rutina y métodos automatizados. La extracción de ADN se hizo mediante el método de bromuro de cetil-trimetil-amonio (Cetyl-Trimethyl-Ammonium Bromide, CTAB) modificado. Para la detección de superantígenos se emplearon pruebas de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) simple y múltiple, y para la de toxinas, estuches comerciales.Resultados. Se encontró que el 22,0 % de los aislamientos correspondía a portadoras de S. aureus: 17,0 % en los aislamientos de fosas nasales; 5,0 % en los de las manos y 6,7 % simultáneamente en los dos sitios. La prevalencia de superantígenos fue de 73,7 %. El genotipo más frecuente fue el seatsst-1, con 10,0 %. La resistencia a un solo antibiótico fue de 74,7 % y, a cuatro antibióticos, de 3,2 %; de los aislamientos, el 93,7 % correspondía a cepas productoras de betalactamasas. La detección de genes clásicos y de tsst-1 mediante PCR fue de 48,4 % y la de toxinas en el sobrenadante, de 42,1 %,con una correlación de 95,7 %. Las mayores correlaciones se establecieron entre las toxinas TSST-1 (22/22) y SEA (17/18). La correlación del gen tsst-1 con la proteína y la resistencia fue de 100 %. Todos los aislamientos con el genotipo sea-tsst-1 t fueron resistentes y productores de las toxinas

Efeito da temperatura e reação de genótipos de quiabeiro ao mofo branco

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Ivan Herman Fischer

2014-03-01

Full Text Available O quiabeiro é suscetível a várias doenças que podem causar prejuízos ao agricultor, caso não sejam manejadas. Objetivaram-se avaliar o efeito da temperatura e a reação de genótipos de quiabeiro ao mofo branco. Plantas de 30 dias inoculadas na região do colo, com e sem ferimento, com dois isolados de Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, foram mantidas por duas semanas nas temperaturas de 15; 20; 25; 30 ou 35ºC. Quatorze genótipos de quiabeiro com um e dois meses de emergência, assim como frutos no ponto de colheita comercial tiveram seus comportamentos avaliados quanto à doença. Avaliaram-se a incidência de plantas com tombamento ou mortas e o comprimento da lesão nos frutos inoculados. A doença foi favorecida por temperaturas entre 15 e 20ºC e, de maneira geral, não foram observadas diferenças entre os isolados e influência do ferimento na ocorrência da doença. Não foram encontrados genótipos de quiabeiro resistentes ao mofo branco, pois todos apresentaram incidência superior a 30% de plantas mortas, sendo as plantas mais novas mais suscetíveis, e comprimento de lesão nos frutos >6,0 cm. Entretanto, diferenças de suscetibilidade entre os genótipos foram observadas em plantas de 30 e de 60 dias e podem ser informações úteis aos produtores para escolha de cultivares em clima ameno, assim como ser exploradas em programas de melhoramento.

Estudo da Atividade Antimicrobiana das Folhas de Jatrophacurcas L. frente ao Staphylococcus aureus e Escherichia coli/ Study of Antimicrobial Activity of Leave of Jatropha curcas L. against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

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Amanda Venturini Arantes

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Objetivos: O presente estudo investigou a atividade antimicrobiana do extrato obtido das folhas de Jatropha curcas L., frente às bactérias Staphylococcus aureus e Escherichia coli isoladas de pacientes de um Hospital Escola do sul de Minas Gerais. Metodologia: Foi realizado o teste da Microdiluição em placas de 96 poços. Colocou-se 50µl de Ágar Mueller Hinton em todos os poços, seguidos de 50µl do extrato da planta em diferentes concentrações (25 a 200 mg/mL nas colunas apropriadas e em seguida, 10µl de cada cepa bacteriana na concentração de 0,5 de McFarland em solução salina estéril. Seguiu-se a incubação em estufa de 35ºC por 24h. Posteriormente, realizou-se a revelação pela adição de 20 µL de Cloreto de Trifenil Tetrezólico e análise dos resultados pela coloração. Em cada placa foi realizado um controle positivo e negativo. Resultados: Houve efeito inibitório do crescimento microbiano de S. aureus e E. coli perante extratos de Jatropha Curcas L. nas concentrações de 50mg a 200mg. Apenas na concentração de 25mg não houve efeito inibitório diante de E. coli e S. aureus. Conclusão: O extrato bruto de Jatropha curcas L. apresentou atividade inibitória do crescimento de colônias de Staphylococcus aureus e Escherichia coli isoladas de pacientes de um hospital escola do sul de Minas Gerais, nas concentrações 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175 e 200mg/ml. Objectives: This study investigated the antimicrobial activity of the extract obtained from the leaves of Jatropha curcas L., on the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli isolated from patients at a university hospital in southern Minas Gerais. Methodology: The microdilution test was made in plates of 96 wells. An amount of 50mL of Mueller Hinton agar was placed into each well, followed by 50mL of plant extract in different concentrations (25-200 mg / ml in the appropriate columns, and then 10ml of each bacterial strain at a concentration of 0.5 Mc

Resistance to stem canker, frogeye leaf spot and powdery mildew of soybean lines lacking lipoxigenases in the seeds Resistência ao cancro-da-haste, à cercosporiose e ao oídio de linhagens de soja sem lipoxigenases nas sementes

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Carlos Alberto Osório Martins

2002-12-01

ãos. A presença de gosto de feijão cru tem sido limitante para o consumo de derivados de soja pelos povos ocidentais. Esse sabor característico é proporcionado pelas enzimas lipoxigenases (Lox1, Lox2 e Lox3. A eliminação dessas enzimas, pela manipulação genética dos alelos que as codificam, é a maneira mais adequada de contornar os problemas associados ao sabor desagradável. Visando elucidar a participação das lipoxigenases, no processo de resistência da soja a patógenos, variedades normais de soja (FT-Cristalina RCH, Doko RC e IAC-12 e suas respectivas linhagens obtidas por retrocruzamentos, sem as três lipoxigenases nas sementes (triplo-nulas - TN e com as três lipoxigenases (triplo-positivas - TP, foram testadas quanto às suas resistências ao cancro-da-haste (Diaporthe phaseolorum f.sp. meridionalis, à cercosporiose (Cercospora sojina Hara e ao oídio (Microsphaera diffusa Cke. & Pk.. Todos os materiais genéticos foram resistentes ao cancro-da-haste. Com relação à cercosporiose, FT-Cristalina RCH e Doko-RC e suas respectivas linhagens com ou sem lipoxigenases mostraram-se resistentes, enquanto IAC-12 e suas linhagens derivadas mostraram índices de doença mais elevados, sendo que as linhagens IAC-12 TP e TN foram mais suscetíveis, indicando perda de gene de resistência nos retrocruzamentos. Não houve relação entre retirada dos genes que codificam lipoxigenases nas sementes com a resistência à cercosporiose. No caso do oídio, as linhagens TP ou TN apresentaram-se similares ou pouco mais resistentes que seus respectivos progenitores recorrentes, os quais se mostraram suscetíveis na seguinte ordem: IAC-12, menos suscetível, Doko-RC, intermediário e FT-Cristalina RCH, mais suscetível.

Manejo de Conyza bonariensis resistente ao glyphosate: coberturas de inverno e herbicidas em pré-semeadura da soja Management of glyphosate resistant Conyza bonariensis: winter cover crops and herbicides in soybean pre-seeding

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F.P. Lamego

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Conyza bonariensis tornou-se a principal planta daninha da cultura da soja no Sul do Brasil, em decorrência da evolução para resistência ao herbicida glyphosate. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes coberturas de inverno e da associação de manejo de dessecação pré-semeadura da soja, visando ao controle de C. bonariensis resistente ao glyphosate. Um experimento foi conduzido em campo, na safra 2010/2011. Os tratamentos foram conduzidos em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, em que as coberturas de inverno foram alocadas nas parcelas principais: aveia-preta, nabo, ervilhaca, azevém, trigo e pousio. Nas subparcelas, foram alocados os tratamentos de manejo de dessecação pré-semeadura da soja: glyphosate (720 g e.a ha-1, glyphosate (720 g e.a ha-1 + 2,4-D (1.050 g e.a ha-1, glyphosate (720 g e.a ha-1 + 2,4-D (1.050 g e.a ha-1/paraquat (200 g i.a ha-1 + diuron (100 g i.a ha-1, glyphosate (720 g e.a ha-1 + chlorimuron-ethyl (80 g i.a ha-1, glyphosate (720 g e.a ha-1 + chlorimuron-ethyl (80 g i.a ha-1/paraquat (200 g i.a ha-1 + diuron (100 g i.a ha‑1 e roçada. O nabo foi a espécie de cobertura que produziu o maior volume de massa seca durante o inverno, enquanto a ervilhaca foi a que apresentou maior efeito supressor sobre a germinação e o desenvolvimento inicial de C. bonariensis. Associações de glyphosate com 2,4-D ou chlorimuron-ethyl, seguidas da aplicação sequencial de paraquat + diuron, causaram maior redução na infestação de C. bonariensis.Conyza bonariensis became the main weed in soybean crop in Southern Brazil, as a consequence of the evolution of resistance to the herbicide glyphosate. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different winter cover crops and the association of burn-down herbicides on the control of glyphosate-resistant C. bonariensis. A field experiment was conducted in the 2010/2011 season. The treatments were arranged in a split-plot scheme, with the winter

Nuevos antimicrobianos

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Moisés Morejón Garcia

2003-08-01

Full Text Available Por el alarmante crecimiento de la resistencia bacteriana a nivel mundial, se realizó una revisión sobre las familias de antimicrobianos más recientes que están siendo utilizadas en contra las infecciones provocadas por bacterias, fundamentalmente contra las bacterias multirresistentes que más problemas están ocasionando en el enfrentamiento a la sepsis, dígase Streptococcus pneumoniae penicilin-resistente, Staphylococcus aureus meticillin-resistente y enterococo-vancomicin resitente.Due to the alarming growth of bacterial resistance, a literature review was made on the more recent antimicrobial families that are being used to fight against bacterial-caused infections, fundamentally against multiresistant bacterias that have caused the greatest problems in the management of sepsis, namely penicillin-resistant Strteptococcus pneumoniae, methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci.

Seleção de acessos de tomateiro resistentes à pinta-preta pela análise de agrupamento das curvas de progresso da doença

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Bruno Soares Laurindo

2015-02-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi selecionar acessos resistentes à pinta-preta (Alternaria tomatophila por meio da análise de agrupamento das curvas de progresso da doença em tomateiro (Solanum lycopersicum. Foram avaliados 134 acessos de tomateiro do Banco de Germoplasma de Hortaliças da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (BGH-UFV, no delineamento de blocos ao acaso, além das testemunhas suscetíveis 'Débora' e 'Santa Clara'. As plantas foram inoculadas com uma mistura de conídios de diferentes isolados de Alternaria spp. e avaliadas regularmente quanto à severidade da doença a cada três dias após a inoculação, no total de seis avaliações. Ajustou-se o modelo logístico aos dados de severidade da pinta-preta, e as estimativas obtidas para a incidência final da doença (B1 e a taxa de progresso da doença (B3 foram submetidas à análise de variância multivariada (Manova. As médias dessas estimativas, para cada acesso, foram submetidas à análise de agrupamento. Foram formados 24 grupos distintos com base no agrupamento das curvas de progresso da doença, o que possibilitou identificar os acessos BGH-2143, BGH-2235, BGH-2270 e BGH-2118 de tomateiro como potenciais fontes de resistência à pinta-preta.

Resistência ao intemperismo artificial de cinco madeiras tropicais e de dois produtos de acabamento.

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Janine Oliveira e Silva

2010-08-01

Full Text Available Os objetivos do trabalho foram avaliar o processo de fotodecomposição da madeira de cinco espécies tropicais e analisar o efeito de proteção de dois produtos de acabamento de madeiras quando submetidos ao intemperismo artificial. Foram empregadas as madeiras de ipê-roxo (Tabebuia impeginosa, itaúba (Mezilaurus itauba, maçaranduba (Manilkara huberi, tatajuba (Bagassa guianensis e tauari (Couratari sp.. Amostras destas madeiras foram submetidas a ciclos de radiação ultravioleta (UV e água até perfazer um total de 2.000 horas de irradiação e 400 horas de lixiviação em água. A mudança da cor natural das madeiras, indicativo do processo de fotodegradação, e o grau de proteção de um verniz poliuretânico transparente e de um "stain" semitransparente foram monitorados por espectrocolorimetria. As espécies mais resistentes foram o ipê-roxo e tauari, seguidas pela maçaranduba, itaúba e tatajuba respectivamente. O verniz forneceu proteção por tempo maior ao ipê-roxo e à maçaranduba, enquanto o "stain" foi mais eficiente para a itaúba e tatajuba. Ambos os produtos tiveram desempenho similar para a madeira de tauari.

Resistence of Euphorbia Heterophylla L. to ALS-inhibiting herbicides in soybean Resistência de Euphorbia Heterophylla L. aos herbicidas inibidores da ALS na cultura da soja

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Gerson Augusto Gelmini

2005-10-01

prolongado de produtos com o mesmo mecanismo de ação pode provocar a manifestação de biótipos resistentes, como ocorreu com Euphorbia heterophylla L. aos inibidores da ALS nos Estados do Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul e São Paulo. Para verificar possíveis novos casos, bem como alternativas para prevenção e manejo, foram coletadas sementes dessa espécie daninha na região de Caarapó (MS, em plantas que sobreviveram a tratamentos onde esses herbicidas foram sistematicamente aplicados nos últimos anos. Em casa-de-vegetação, comparou-se o efeito dos principais herbicidas usados em pós-emergência na cultura da soja sobre o biótipo com histórico de resistência e sobre um suscetível sendo instalado, um experimento em blocos ao acaso para cada produto (n = 4. Os herbicidas foram aplicados quando as plantas apresentavam de duas a quatro folhas verdadeiras nas doses zero, uma, duas, quatro e oito vezes a recomendação do fabricante. Aos vinte dias após a aplicação, foram avaliados parâmetros relativos ao controle e produção de fitomassa epígea com base nos valores de DC50 e GR50. Foi determinado também o fator de resistência (FR, que representa o número de vezes em que a dose necessária para proporcionar 50% de controle ou de redução na produção de fitomassa epígea do biótipo suscetível deve ser aumentada, para que possa ocorrer o mesmo efeito sobre o resistente. O biótipo resistente apresentou diferentes níveis de resistência aos herbicidas chlorimuron-ethyl e imazethapyr, demonstrando ser portador de resistência cruzada aos inibidores da ALS dos grupos das sulfoniluréias e imidazolinonas. O fator de resistência para chlorimuron-ethyl foi superior a 16,5 para a porcentagem de controle e a 16,9 para a produção de fitomassa epígea, enquanto que para imazethapyr, o fator de resistência foi superior a 25,0 e a 23,5, respectivamente. O biótipo resistente foi eficientemente controlado nos tratamentos com os herbicidas fomesafen (250 g ha-1

Cepas de Campylobacter jejuni resistentes a quinolonas aisladas de humanos, gallinas y pollos

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Rodolfo Notario

2011-08-01

Full Text Available Se compararon 8 aislamientos de Campylobacter jejuni provenientes de humanos con enfermedad diarreica aguda, con 23 aislamientos de cloaca de gallinas y pollos obtenidos de zonas próximas a la ciudad de Rosario, todos resistentes a la ciprofloxacina. Las muestras se sembraron en agar selectivo y se incubaron en microaerofilia a 42 °C. Las colonias se identificaron con el método tradicional. Los aislamientos se conservaron a -70 °C en caldo cerebro corazón con 17% v/v de glicerina. La clonalidad se determinó por RAPD-PCR, utilizando el primer 1254 (Stern NJ. Se interpretaron los aislamientos como clones distintos cuando diferían en una banda de amplificación. Se obtuvieron 5 clones diferentes. Los patrones I, II y V fueron aislados en criaderos industriales de pollos y en humanos (el II también en un establecimiento de gallinas ponedoras de huevos. En un gallinero familiar se obtuvo el patrón I. El patrón III sólo se obtuvo de humanos. El patrón IV se halló en uno de los criaderos pero no en humanos. Se pudo determinar que 93.5% de las cepas se aislaron tanto de animales como de humanos, por lo que se considera posible que la colonización de criaderos con cepas resistentes a los antimicrobianos pudiera ser el origen de la infección de humanos.

Factores de riesgo para bacteriemia por Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistente a carbapenémicos adquirida en un hospital colombiano

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Sandra Liliana Valderrama

2016-04-01

Conclusión. Para el control de la aparición de P. aeruginosa resistente a carbapenémicos, se deben fortalecer los programas de control de antimicrobianos, promover el uso prudente de carbapenémicos y quinolonas, y vigilar el uso adecuado de la nutrición parenteral.

Tolerância ao florescimento precoce e características comerciais de progênies F4 de alface do cruzamento Regina 71 x Salinas 88 = Tolerance to precocious flowering and commerical traits of F4 progenies of hybrid Regina 71 x Salinas 88 lettuce

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José Luiz Sandes de Carvalho Filho

2009-01-01

Full Text Available A alface é uma espécie cujas plantas possuem grande variabilidade no que diz respeito à forma, cor e textura das folhas, caracterizando diferentes tipos comerciais. O grupo folhas lisas ainda se mantém como um dos mais consumidos. A caracterização do tipo de folha é essencial no desenvolvimento de um programa de melhoramento,principalmente, quando a população segregante é oriunda de parentais contrastantes para o caráter. Além disso, a maior parte das cultivares utilizada é sensível ao calor, emitindo a haste floral precocemente. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar características comercias de progênies F4 de alface e a sua tolerância ao calor, visando obter cultivares com folha lisa tolerantes ao florescimento precoce, resistentes aos nematóides e ao LMV. Avaliaram-se 22 progênies F4 originadas do cruzamento envolvendo as cultivares ‘Regina 71’ e ‘Salinas 88’, previamente selecionadas para tolerância ao calor, resistência aos nematóides das galhas e ao LMV (lettuce mosaic virus. O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados os tipos de limbo e borda foliares, formação de cabeça e número de dias para a primeira antese. Dentre as 22 progênies avaliadas, três mostraram-semais promissoras à obtenção de linhagens de alface de folhas lisas resistentes ao calor, nematóides das galhas e ao LMV.The lettuce is a plant that features great variability in form, color and texture. The butterleaf variety had remained one of themost consumed lettuce types. The evaluation of leaf type for commercial characters is essential for the development of any improvement program, especially when the parents are divergent types. Furthermore, most cultivars are susceptible to heat. Thus, the objective of the present work was to evaluate F4 progenies of butterleaf lettuce, aiming to select new genotypes for nematode resistance, tolerance to heat and LMV. Twenty-two F3:4 progenieswere

Variabilidade isoenzimática entre linhagens de amendoim resistentes à seca Isoenzimatic variability between peanut lines resistant to drought

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Roseane Cavalcanti dos Santos

2000-04-01

Full Text Available O uso da técnica de eletroforese para separar múltiplas formas moleculares de enzimas tem sido bastante explorada na área biológica, cujas diferenças detectadas nos tecidos podem ser eficientemente usadas para diferenciação de cultivares em qualquer fase de seu desenvolvimento fenológico. Nesse trabalho, procedeu-se ao estudo da variabilidade isoenzimática em seis linhagens de amendoim resistentes à seca, com o objetivo de se verificar as possíveis relações da variação encontrada na base desses descritores com essa aptidão no amendoim. Estudaram-se folíolos da parte apical com 5 dias após a germinação, utilizando-se a técnica de eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida (7% sistema horizontal e contínuo de tampão. Os sistemas estudados foram fosfatase ácida (ACP, malato desidrogenase (MDH, leucina aminopeptidase (LAP, peroxidase (PO, e esterase (EST. A caracterização fenotípica dos genótipos permitiu a separação de quatro grupos para ACP, três para LAP, dois para MDH e seis para PO e EST. A partir da análise dos componentes principais dos grupos obtidos, observou-se que a cultivar IAC Tupã (sensível à seca foi separada das demais, especialmente da cultivar resistente Senegal 55437.The use of electrophoretic techniques to separate multiple molecular forms of enzymes has been used in the biological science, where differences in isozymes among tissues can be used efficiently on cultivar differentiation during any life cycle phase. In this paper, the variability of six drought resistant peanut lines was studied by isozymes analysis aiming to verify the possible relations between enzymatic descriptors and drought resistance character. Leaflets were analyzed by horizontal poliacrylamide gel electrophoresis technique and buffer continuos systems for the following systems: acid phosphatase (ACP, malate dehydrogenase (MDH, leucine aminopeptidase (LAP, peroxidase (POX and esterase (EST. The phenotypic characterization of the

Contaminação microbiana de punhos de jalecos durante a assistência à saúde

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Carla Auxiliadora Margarido

2014-01-01

Full Text Available O estudo objetivou avaliar a contaminação bacteriana em jalecos de acadêmicos de enfermagem após a sua utilização em práticas assistenciais à saúde. Realizou-se estudo quantitativo e descritivo, no qual os jalecos dos acadêmicos foram recolhidos, lavados e passados de forma padronizada e usados durante quatro horas em atividades assistenciais. Subsequentemente, coletaram-se amostras dos punhos com hastes de algodão estéreis para serem incubadas; analisando-se posteriormente o crescimento microbiano por meio de análise morfológica pelo método Gram e antibiograma. Observou-se crescimento bacteriano dos microrganismos Staphylococcus aureuse Staphylococcus epidermidis em 50% das amostras coletadas, sendo que o Staphylococcus aureus, encontrado no ambulatório de atendimento a portadores de feridas, apresentou resistência aos antibióticos Vancomicina, Cloranfenicol e Sulfonamidas. Os dados demonstraram que os jalecos utilizados durante as atividades assistenciais, mesmo em curtos períodos, são contaminados por cepas resistentes a antibióticos e que potencialmente podem ser causadores de infecção relacionada a assistência à saúde

Adaptação das plantas ao fogo: enfoque na transição floresta - campo

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Heringer Ingrid

2001-01-01

Full Text Available A presença de campos entremeados pela floresta de araucária, na região do planalto meridional sul brasileiro, surpreende os estudiosos, pois a vigorar o clima atual, de maiores precipitações, a tendência seria o desenvolvimento de vegetação florestal. Os distúrbios, sobretudo a interação fogo-pastejo, e as baixas temperaturas da região, são os grandes responsáveis pelos limites e expansão da floresta latifoliada, e predomínio daquele tipo de vegetação. A vegetação campestre e arbórea submetida por longo período a fogos recorrentes desenvolveu uma série de estratégias no sentido de tolerar, evitar ou responder ao fogo. A resposta individual das plantas ao fogo envolve alterações morfológicas e fisiológicas, enquanto, na comunidade, observam-se mudanças na dinâmica da associação entre espécies. Na vegetação campestre, as gramíneas são o componente da comunidade mais tolerante ao fogo, devido ao contínuo crescimento dos meristemas intercalares e de novos afilhos que crescem protegidos no solo ou na bainha de folhas velhas. O fogo estimula o florescimento em plantas cuja forma de crescimento evita grande perda de material na queima. Também promove a liberação de sementes através do choque térmico ou de substâncias liberadas na fumaça. Na comunidade, os efeitos do fogo sobre as plantas são sentidos em relação ao modo de sobrevivência, natureza e localização dos tecidos regenerados. O comportamento das plantas em relação à queima pode ser como dependentes (estímulo à reprodução, resistentes (estímulo ao rebrote, ou plantas que evitam o fogo (ciclo anual. Portanto, o fogo tem complexos efeitos sobre a estrutura da vegetação, sendo que espécies vegetais sensíveis e tolerantes à queima tem diferentes sítios de preferência no ambiente.

Perfiles de resistencia a fluoroquinolonas en aislamientos clínicos de cocos Gram positivos provenientes de hospitales colombianos, 1994-2004

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César A. Arias

2008-06-01

Conclusión. Los aislamientos colombianos de S. pneumoniae mantienen susceptibilidad a las fluoroquinolonas de última generación. La resistencia a fluoroquinolonas es alta en S. aureus, especialmente en aislamientos resistentes a la meticilina (cercana al 100%.

Relationship and susceptibility profile of Staphylococcus aureus infection diabetic foot ulcers with Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage.

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Taha, Aza Bahadeen

2013-03-01

Staphylococcus aureus is the main cause of diabetic foot infection with the patient's endogenous flora as the principal source. Nasal carriage of S. aureus has been identified as an important risk factor for the acquisition of diabetic foot infections. The study assessment the associations of S. aureus with methicillin resistant S. aureus were isolation from diabetic foot infection and nasal carriage of the same patients and their antibiotic susceptibility profile. Diagnosis of S. aureus and methicillin resistant S. aureus were carried out by using standard procedures. Antibiotic sensitivity profiles were determent by breakpoint dilution method. Out of 222 S. aureus isolation, 139 (62.61%) were isolated from the diabetic foot and 83 (37.39%) from the nasal carriage. Seventy one (30.87%) of the patients were S. aureus infection diabetic foot with nasal carriage. Among diabetic foot infection and nasal carriage patients, 40.85% of S. aureus were considered as methicillin resistant S. aureus. Rifampicin (96.40%) and Levofloxacin (91.44%) were active against S. aureus. Patients at strong risk for methicillin resistant S. aureus nasal carriage and subsequent diabetic foot infection with high resistance to antibiotics. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Root growth and lignification of glyphosate susceptible and resistant soybean at low temperaturesCrescimento e lignificação de raízes de soja convencional e resistente ao glifosato, em baixa temperatura

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Patricia da Costa Zonetti

2013-05-01

Full Text Available Low temperature stress affects plant growth, including primary and secondary metabolism. Glyphosateresistant soybean contains a modified DNA, which encodes a different type of secondary metabolism enzyme related to lignin synthesis compared to conventional glyphosate-susceptible cultivars. Thus, this soybean cultivar might respond differently to low temperatures, compared to glyphosate-susceptible cultivars. This work aimed to investigate how decreasing temperatures influence the growth and lignin content of the glyphosate-resistant soybean compared to its susceptible parental cultivars. Three-day-old seedlings were cultivated in nutrient solution at 10, 15, 20, and 25°C (±2°C, using a 12-h photoperiod. After 96 h, taproot growth, fresh and dry biomass, and lignin levels were determined. The results indicate that lower temperatures decreased seedling and root growth in both types of cultivars; however, glyphosate-resistant soybean exhibited greater root length, biomass, and lignin content compared to the glyphosate-susceptible parental cultivar. O estresse causado pela baixa temperatura, dentre outras implicações, afeta o crescimento do vegetal assim como o seu metabolismo secundário. Pelo fato da soja RR apresentar variante enzimática de uma das principais vias do metabolismo secundário, ligada à síntese de lignina, pode apresentar comportamento diferenciado, sob baixa temperatura, se comparada com sua linhagem parental. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar possíveis diferenças no crescimento e nos conteúdos de lignina nas raízes de soja cultivar transgênica resistente ao glifosato e cultivar parental em resposta a redução de temperatura. Após três dias de germinação das sementes, as plântulas foram mantidas em solução nutritiva, a 10, 15, 20 e 25°C (±2°C, com fotoperíodo de 12 horas. Após 96 horas, foi avaliado o comprimento relativo da raiz primária, biomassa fresca e seca das raízes e os teores de lignina

Prevalencia y características de los pacientes con hipertensión arterial resistente y enfermedad renal crónica

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Úrsula Verdalles

2016-09-01

Conclusión: La prevalencia de HTA resistente aumenta con la edad, el grado de ERC y la albuminuria. Estrategias como el tratamiento con antagonistas de receptores de aldosterona se asocian con un mejor control tensional en este grupo de pacientes y disminuyen su prevalencia.

Sensibilidade a cobre, estreptomicina e oxitetraciclina em Xanthomonas spp. associadas à mancha-bacteriana do tomate para processamento industrial

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Quezado-Duval Alice Maria

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Apesar de amplamente empregados em lavouras de tomate para processamento industrial no Brasil, fungicidas cúpricos e antibióticos registrados para uso agrícola nem sempre resultam em controle eficiente das bacterioses que afetam a cultura. O aparecimento de estirpes resistentes é uma das causas dessa baixa eficiência. Avaliou-se, in vitro, a sensibilidade a cobre, estreptomicina e oxitetraciclina de 389 isolados de Xanthomonas spp. associadas à mancha-bacteriana do tomateiro, sendo 92 de X. axonopodis pv. vesicatoria (60 do grupo "A"/raça T1 e 32 do "C"/raça T3, 93 de X. vesicatoria (grupo "B"/raça T2 e 204 de X. gardneri (grupo "D"/raça T2. Os isolados foram obtidos de plantas doentes em campos comerciais de tomate para processamento industrial nos estados de Goiás, Minas Gerais, Pernambuco e Bahia, nos anos de 1995 a 1998 e em 2000. Alíquotas de 5 ml de suspensões bacterianas foram depositadas em meio Nutriente-Ágar suplementado com sulfato de cobre, nas concentrações de 50 e 200 µg/ml; sulfato de estreptomicina, a 25 e 200 µg/ml e cloridrato de oxitetraciclina, a 25 µg/ml. Nenhum isolado foi resistente a oxitetraciclina, como também nenhum foi resistente ao cobre na concentração de 200 µg/ml do sulfato de cobre. No entanto, houve diferença entre isolados quanto à sensibilidade ao sulfato de cobre na concentração de 50 µg/ml e ao sulfato de estreptomicina nas duas concentrações empregadas. As freqüências de isolados de X. gardneri, X. axonopodis pv. vesicatoria (grupos "A" e "C" e X. vesicatoria resistentes à estreptomicina (25 µg/ml do produto usado foram, respectivamente, 98%, 38% e 2%, ao passo que, ao cobre, foram, respectivamente, 48%, 4% e 74%. Todos os isolados do grupo "C" foram sensíveis à estreptomicina e 97% sensíveis ao cobre.

Mild Staphylococcus aureus Skin Infection Improves the Course of Subsequent Endogenous S. aureus Bacteremia in Mice.

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Sanne van den Berg

Full Text Available Staphylococcus aureus carriers with S. aureus bacteremia may have a reduced mortality risk compared to non-carriers. A role for the immune system is suggested. Here, we study in mice the effect of mild S. aureus skin infection prior to endogenous or exogenous S. aureus bacteremia, and evaluate protection in relation to anti-staphylococcal antibody levels. Skin infections once or twice by a clinical S. aureus isolate (isolate P or S. aureus strain 8325-4 were induced in mice free of S. aureus and anti-staphylococcal antibodies. Five weeks later, immunoglobulin G (IgG levels in blood against 25 S. aureus antigens were determined, and LD50 or LD100 bacteremia caused by S. aureus isolate P was induced. S. aureus skin infections led to elevated levels of anti-staphylococcal IgG in blood. One skin infection improved the course of subsequent severe endogenous bacteremia only. A second skin infection further improved animal survival rate, which was associated with increased pre-bacteremia IgG levels against Efb, IsaA, LukD, LukE, Nuc, PrsA and WTA. In conclusion, S. aureus isolate P skin infection in mice reduces the severity of subsequent endogenous S. aureus bacteremia only. Although cellular immune effects cannot be rules out, anti-staphylococcal IgG against specified antigens may contribute to this effect.

Epidemia de tuberculosis multidrogo resistente y extensivamente resistente a drogas (TB MDR/XDR en el Perú: situación y propuestas para su control

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Hernán Del Castillo

2009-07-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se describe el estado actual de las epidemias de tuberculosis multidrogo resitente (TB MDR y tuberculosis extensivamente resistente a drogas (TB XDR en el Perú. Se realiza un análisis de nuestra situación con respecto al resto de Latinoamérica, y de la distribución temporo espacial de los casos de TB XDR en Lima. También presentamos nuestra reflexión de lo que está pasando y debe cambiar; lo que se resume en darle la importancia debida a un problema que nos está rebasando y anteponer a nuestros propios intereses, los intereses de la humanidad; por consiguiente no podemos callar, y debemos declarar a la tuberculosis como emergencia sanitaria nacional. Eso constituye una respuesta, esperamos, aún viable para el Perú.

RESISTÊNCIA DE TOMATEIRO (Lycopersicon esculentum AO PATÓGENO Alternaria solani RESISTANCE OF TOMATO (Lycopersicon esculentum TO Alternaria solani PATHOGEN

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Wilson Ferreira de Oliveira

2007-09-01

Full Text Available

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar níveis de resistência de variedades comerciais de tomateiro ao patógeno Alternaria solani. Os genótipos são pertencentes ao banco de germoplasma do CNPH-Embrapa, compreendendo híbridos F1, que foram avaliados em condições de campo. Os ensaios foram conduzidos nos campos experimentais da Escola de Agronomia e Engenharia de Alimentos da Universidade Federal de Goiás, em Goiânia-GO, a uma altitude de 730 m, latitude de 16° 41'S e longitude de 49° 17'W. As avaliações foram realizadas aos 36, 43, 50, 57, 64, 71, 78 e 85 dias após o transplantio, combinando-se escala diagramática e de notas. As variedades Ohio 4013 e CNPH 738 foram as mais resistentes entre os materiais tutorados. Entre os materiais rasteiros os mais resistentes foram o híbrido F1 Hawaii 7998 x Monense e Rotam 4. O genótipo Ohio 4013 e híbrido F1 Hawaii 7998 x Monense foram os que mais se destacaram para resistência a este patógeno, podendo ser indicados para futuros programas de melhoramento.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Tomateiro; resistência; Alternaria solani.

The main objective of this study was to test levels of resistance of commercial varieties, genotypes belonging to the germoplasm bank of CNPH-Embrapa and hibrids F1 of tomat to Alternaria solani, in field condition. The trials were conduced at the experimental fields of the Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia-GO, Brasil. It is located at an altitude of 730 m, latitude of 16° 41'S and longitude of 49° 17'W. The evaluations were accomplished at the 36, 43, 50, 57, 64, 71, 78 and 85 days after the seedlings planting, combining diagramatic scale and grades. Among indeterminate cultivars Ohio 4013 and CNPH 738 were the most resistants. Among determined ones the most

Relationship between Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Vancomycin-Intermediate S. aureus, High Vancomycin MIC, and Outcome in Serious S. aureus Infections

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Holmes, Natasha E.; Johnson, Paul D. R.; Howden, Benjamin P.

2012-01-01

Vancomycin has been used successfully for over 50 years for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections, particularly those involving methicillin-resistant S. aureus. It has proven remarkably reliable, but its efficacy is now being questioned with the emergence of strains of S. aureus that display heteroresistance, intermediate resistance, and, occasionally, complete vancomycin resistance. More recently, an association has been established between poor outcome and infections with strain...

Aleitamento materno e colonização mucocutânea pelo Staphylococcus aureus na criança com dermatite atópica Breastfeeding and mucosal and cutaneous colonization by Staphylococcus aureus in atopic children

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Raissa Massaia Londero Chemello

2011-06-01

Full Text Available FUNDAMENTOS: Não há consenso quanto ao efeito do aleitamento materno no desenvolvimento da dermatite atópica. É necessário aprofundar conhecimentos sobre possíveis fatores envolvidos nessa relação, como a influência do aleitamento materno na colonização do paciente atópico pelo Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus. OBJETIVO: Avaliar uma potencial associação entre aleitamento materno e colonização pelo S. aureus nas crianças atópicas. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal envolvendo 79 crianças atópicas de 4-24 meses, de ambos os sexos, em acompanhamento no Ambulatório de Dermatologia Sanitária de Porto Alegre, e 72 mães. Registraram-se dados clinicoepidemiológicos e de alimentação das crianças. Pesquisou-se a presença do S. aureus em swab nasal e cutâneo nas crianças e swab nasal das respectivas mães. Para análise dos dados, realizaram-se os testes qui-quadrado de Pearson e exato de Fischer. RESULTADOS: Entre as crianças amamentadas, S. aureus foi encontrado nas cavidades nasais de oito (25,8% e na pele (fossas cubitais de quatro (12,9%. Entre as não amamentadas, encontrou-se S. aureus nas cavidades nasais de dez (20,8% e na pele de 11 (22,9%. Entre as mães, 16 (22,2% apresentaram crescimento de S. aureus no material proveniente do swab nasal. Não se observou associação significativa entre aleitamento materno e colonização pelo S. aureus das cavidades nasais ou da pele das crianças. Entretanto, houve concordância entre a colonização pelo S. aureus nas cavidades nasais das mães e nas cavidades nasais e/ou na pele dos filhos. Das 72 duplas, houve concordância em 56 (77,8%. CONCLUSÃO: O aleitamento materno parece não influenciar a colonização mucocutânea pelo S. aureus em crianças com dermatite atópicaBACKGROUND: Studies on the effects of breastfeeding on the development of Atopic Dermatitis (AD have shown controversial results. The importance of this condition deserves further studies; in particular, it

Sensibilidad al benzonidazol de cepas de Trypanosoma cruzi sugiere la circulación de cepas naturalmente resistentes en Colombia

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Ana María Mejía-Jaramillo

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Introducción. La enfermedad de Chagas, causada por Trypanosoma cruzi, es uno de los problemas más graves de salud pública en el continente americano. El benzonidazol es uno de los dos medicamentos utilizados para tratar la enfermedad de Chagas. Sin embargo, la variación de la sensibilidad del parásito a este medicamento es una de las principales causas del fracaso del tratamiento. Objetivo. Evaluar la sensibilidad in vitro al benzonidazol de cepas colombianas de T. cruzi de diferentes orígenes y procedencia geográfica. Materiales y métodos. Treinta y tres cepas colombianas de T. cruzi aisladas de humanos, vectores y mamíferos, se analizaron in vitro mediante el micrométodo enzimático de MTT para determinar la concentración inhibitoria 50 (CI50 al benzonidazol. Se estudió la correlación entre la sensibilidad in vitro al medicamento y diferentes parámetros biológicos y eco-epidemiológicos. Resultados. El análisis de sensibilidad al medicamento indicó que el 36 % de las cepas eran sensibles, el 48 %, parcialmente resistentes y, el 16 %, resistentes al benzonidazol. Los análisis de correlación entre las CI50 con algunos parámetros biológicos y eco-epidemiológicos, mostraron diferencias en cuanto a la sensibilidad según el origen biológico y el área geográfica de procedencia de la cepa. Conclusiones. Existe una gran variabilidad en cuanto a la sensibilidad al benzonidazol de las cepas circulantes de T. cruzi en Colombia, lo cual sugiere la presencia de cepas naturalmente resistentes en el país.   doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.v32i2.458

Staphylococcus aureus e Salmonella sp. em queijos de coalho artesanais produzidos em São Rafael, Rio Grande do Norte

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Tarciara Magley da Fonseca Pereira

2017-06-01

Full Text Available O queijo de coalho artesanal é produto de origem animal muito consumido principalmente na região Nordeste do Brasil. É comumente fabricado com leite cru, não pasteurizado, como matéria prima, sem a utilização de boas práticas higiênicas, podendo veicular micro-organismos patogênicos ao consumidor. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a presença de Salmonella sp. e quantificar Staphyloccocus aureus em queijos de coalho produzidos artesanalmente no município de São Rafael Rio Grande do Norte.Foram realizadas coletas em triplicata em sete queijarias artesanais do município, e, em seguida, os queijos foram transportados imediatamente em caixas isotérmicas, ao Laborátório de Biotecnologia Industrial da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, onde foram submetidos à análise microbiológica de forma asséptica, conforme metodologia recomendada pela Instrução Normativa nº 62, de 26 de agosto de 2003, do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento. Todas as amostras apresentaram elevadas contagens de Staphylococcus aureus, estando em desconformidade com o padrão exigido pela legislação brasileira para este grupo microbiano. Foi constatado ausência de Salmonella sp. nas amostras avaliadas. As análises microbiológicas evidenciaram péssimas condições de higiene de todos os queijos estudados, já que os mesmos apresentaram grande contaminação por Staphylococcus aureus, o que pode representar riscos à saúde pública.

Comparative Efficacy of Ceftaroline with Linezolid against Staphylococcus Aureus and Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hafeez, A.; Munir, T.; Rehman, S.; Najeeb, S.; Gilani, M.; Latif, M.; Ansari, M.; Saad, N.

2015-01-01

Objective:To compare the in vitro antimicrobial efficacy of ceftaroline with linezolid against Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Study Design: Quasi-experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Microbiology Department, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, from January to December 2013. Methodology: Clinical samples from respiratory tract, blood, pus and various catheter tips routinely received in the Department of Microbiology, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi were innoculated on blood and MacConkey agar. Staphylococcus aureus was identified by colony morphology, Gram reaction, catalase test and coagulase test. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus detection was done by modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method using cefoxitin disc (30g) and the isolates were considered methicillin resistant if the zone of inhibition around cefoxitin disc was /sup 2/ 21 mm. Bacterial suspensions of 56 Staphylococcus aureus isolates and 50 MRSA isolates were prepared, which were standardized equal to 0.5 McFarland's turbidity standard and inoculated on Mueller-Hinton agar plates followed by application of ceftaroline and linezolid disc (Oxoid, UK), according to manufacturer's instructions. The plates were then incubated at 37 Degree C aerobically for 18 - 24 hours. Diameters of inhibition zone were measured and interpretated as per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Results: Out of 106 isolates all of the 56 Staphylococcus aureus (100%) were sensitive to ceftaroline and linezolid. However, out of 50 methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, 48 (96%) were sensitive to ceftaroline whereas, 49 (98%) were sensitive to linezolid. Conclusion: Ceftaroline is equally effective as linezolid against Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. (author)

Tuberculose multi-resistente. A propósito de um caso clínico de reinfeção exógena adquirida no meio prisional

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José Leon Bernardo

1998-05-01

Full Text Available RESUMO: Os autores descrevem um caso clinic de tuberculose multi-resistente num doente recluse, toxicodependente e com SIDA que se encontrava sob terapêutiea antibacilar em virtude de anterior episodin de tuberculose “sendivel”.Comentam alguns aspectos relacionadus com o diagnostic, tratamento e evoução exógena por estirpe multi-resistente.Em conclusão, us autores salientam o interesse do DNA “fingerprinting” no diagnostic e epidemiologia da tuberculose multi-resistente e a necessidade de implementação de um efectivo programa de luta contra a tuberculose multi-resistente na comunidade prisional.REV PORT PNEUMOL 1998; IV (3: 319-325 ARSTRACT: A case of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in a drug-addicted and jailed patient with AIDS is reported. The patient was in anti-tuberculosis therapy, because a question of ongoing “sensitive” tuberculosis.The authors comment some aspects of the clinical management of the patient. Exogenous reinfection with a multidrug-resistant strain was convincelly demonstrated with DNA fingerprinting.The relevance of DNA fingerprinting in the diagnosis and epidemiology of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is emphasized and the reformulation of the anti-tuberculosis programme in the prisional setting is warranted, in the face of ongoing transmissionREV PORT PNEUMOL 1998; IV (3: 319-325 Palavras-chave: Tuberculose multirresistente, RFLP, Key-words: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB, RELP

Personalidad resistente en maratonianos: un estudio sobre el control, compromiso y desafío de corredoras y corredores de maratón

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Jos\\u00E9 Carlos Jaenes S\\u00E1nchez

2009-01-01

Full Text Available La Personalidad Resistente se refiere a una constelación de características de personalidad relacionadas con las percepciones personales de control, compromiso y desafío, que ha sido ampliamente estudiada en relación con el estrés y su impacto en contextos de salud y laborales, entre otros, pero prácticamente ignorada en el ámbito deportivo. Sin embargo, las características que incluye este constructo son muy interesantes para la práctica y el rendimiento deportivos. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido conocer las características de Personalidad Resistente de maratonianos adultos españoles. Los resultados, pioneros hasta la fecha, nos han permitido establecer que los niveles de compromiso, control y desafío de estos deportistas son moderadamente altos y que ejercen un impacto fundamental tanto a nivel motivacional (metas propuestas y resultados esperados como de rendimiento (marcas obtenidas. Se puede diferenciar entre maratonianos con mejores y peores marcas en relación con el nivel de PR, lo cual nos permite predecir el éxito de los maratonianos en función de sus características de PR. Como consecuencia, un entrenamiento adecuado en estas aracterísticas podría resultar en mejores cotas de rendimiento. Además, estos deportistas muestran mayores niveles de Personalidad Resistente que jóvenes y adultos de la población general, lo que podría ser un beneficio derivado de la práctica deportiva muy relevante en la vida cotidiana.

AoS28D, a proline-Xaa carboxypeptidase secreted by Aspergillus oryzae.

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Salamin, Karine; Eugster, Philippe J; Jousson, Olivier; Waridel, Patrice; Grouzmann, Eric; Monod, Michel

2017-05-01

Prolyl peptidases of the MEROPS S28 family are of particular interest because they are key enzymes in the digestion of proline-rich peptides. A BLAST analysis of the Aspergillus oryzae genome revealed sequences coding for four proteases of the S28 family. Three of these proteases, AoS28A, AoS28B, and AoS28C, were previously characterized as acidic prolyl endopeptidases. The fourth protease, AoS28D, showed high sequence divergence with other S28 proteases and belongs to a phylogenetically distinct cluster together with orthologous proteases from other Aspergillus species. The objective of the present paper was to characterize AoS28D protease in terms of substrate specificity and activity. AoS28D produced by gene overexpression in A. oryzae and in Pichia pastoris was a 70-kDa glycoprotein with a 10-kDa sugar moiety. In contrast with other S28 proteases, AoS28D did not hydrolyze internal Pro-Xaa bonds of several tested peptides. Similarly, to human lysosomal Pro-Xaa carboxypeptidase, AoS28D demonstrated selectivity for cleaving C-terminal Pro-Xaa bonds which are resistant to carboxypeptidases of the S10 family concomitantly secreted by A. oryzae. Therefore, AoS28D could act in synergy with these enzymes during sequential degradation of a peptide from its C-terminus.

A conservative region of the mercuric reductase gene (merA as a molecular marker of bacterial mercury resistance Região conservada do gene da mercúrio redutase (merA como marcador molecular da resistência bacteriana ao mercúrio

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Adriana Sotero-Martins

2008-06-01

Full Text Available The most common bacterial mercury resistance mechanism is based on the reduction of Hg(II to Hg0, which is dependent of the mercuric reductase enzyme (MerA activity. The use of a 431 bp fragment of a conservative region of the mercuric reductase (merA gene was applied as a molecular marker of this mechanism, allowing the identification of mercury resistant bacterial strains.O mecanismo de resistência bacteriana ao mercúrio mais comum é baseada na redução do Hg(II a Hg0, através da atividade da enzima mercúrio redutase (MerA. O uso do fragmento de 431 pb amplificado de uma região conservada do gene merA, que codifica a enzima MerA,foi utilizado como marcador molecular deste mecanismo, permitindo a identificação de bactérias resistentes ao mercúrio.

Atividade inibitória das folhas e caule de Kalanchoe brasiliensis Cambess frente a microrganismos com diferentes perfis de resistência a antibióticos

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Jackeline G. da Silva

Full Text Available A avaliação antimicrobiana das partes aéreas de Kalanchoe brasiliensis Cambess, Crassulaceae, a qual é comumente utilizada para o tratamento de inflamações da mucosa oral, bronquites e congestão nasal, é relatada. Esta atividade foi avaliada em discos de Petri usando o método de difusão para a determinação da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (MIC e cinética bactericida. Foram usadas amostras bacterianas gram-positivas, gram-negativas e cepas de fungos leveduriformes do gênero Cândida. Apenas o óleo essencial demonstrou ser efetivo, apresentando atividade frente amostras gram-positivas de Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA meticilina resistente. A ação observada foi considerada bacteriostática por reduzir um log10 UFC/mL a partir da sexta hora de exposição da amostra ao óleo essencial nas concentrações de 4% e 8%. Compostos fenólicos estão presentes em óleo essencial, sugerindo que o efeito foi devido à presença dos mesmos. Por este motivo à planta Kalanchoe brasiliensis Cambess pode representar uma alternativa terapêutica para infecções provocadas por Staphylococcus aureus.

Staphylococcus aureus bacteriuria as a prognosticator for outcome of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: a case-control study

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Weinstein Robert A

2010-07-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background When Staphylococcus aureus is isolated in urine, it is thought to usually represent hematogenous spread. Because such spread might have special clinical significance, we evaluated predictors and outcomes of S. aureus bacteriuria among patients with S. aureus bacteremia. Methods A case-control study was performed at John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County among adult inpatients during January 2002-December 2006. Cases and controls had positive and negative urine cultures, respectively, for S. aureus, within 72 hours of positive blood culture for S. aureus. Controls were sampled randomly in a 1:4 ratio. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were done. Results Overall, 59% of patients were African-American, 12% died, 56% of infections had community-onset infections, and 58% were infected with methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA. Among 61 cases and 247 controls, predictors of S. aureus bacteriuria on multivariate analysis were urological surgery (OR = 3.4, p = 0.06 and genitourinary infection (OR = 9.2, p = 0.002. Among patients who died, there were significantly more patients with bacteriuria than among patients who survived (39% vs. 17%; p = 0.002. In multiple Cox regression analysis, death risks in bacteremic patients were bacteriuria (hazard ratio 2.9, CI 1.4-5.9, p = 0.004, bladder catheter use (2.0, 1.0-4.0, p = 0.06, and Charlson score (1.1, 1.1-1.3, p = 0.02. Neither length of stay nor methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA infection was a predictor of S. aureus bacteriuria or death. Conclusions Among patients with S. aureus bacteremia, those with S. aureus bacteriuria had 3-fold higher mortality than those without bacteriuria, even after adjustment for comorbidities. Bacteriuria may identify patients with more severe bacteremia, who are at risk of worse outcomes.

Estudo Comparativo da Ação Bactericida do Mel sobre Staphylococcus aureus/Comparative Study of the Honey Antimicrobial Activity on Staphylococcus aureus

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Othon José Ribeiro Pereira

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Analisar, a partir da metodologia microbiológica, a ação bactericida dos diferentes tipos de mel, segundo sua florada de origem. Materiais e Métodos: foram adquiridas três amostras de cada tipo de mel, segundo sua florada de origem, sendo eles: Flores de Café, Cipó-Uva, Assa-Peixe, Limão, Laranjeira, Eucalipto e Silvestre. Os discos foram preparados sendo embebidos em mel, e mantidos em estufa para secagem. Estes foram então colocados em contato com placa de Petri, previamente preparadas com Ágar Nutriente, contendo Staphylococcus aureus, e colocados em estufa para secagem. Após 24 horas, observou-se se houve inibição da cepa bacteriana, formando halo ao redor do disco. Resultado: Notou-se, na leitura das 21 placas, que nao houve diferença significativa nos halos de inibição formados pelos diferentes tipos de mel testados. Conclusão: Pelo estudo realizado, pode-se concluir que não há diferença na ação bactericida, sobre cepa de Staphylococcus aureus, entre os diferentes tipos de mel segundo as floradas de origem testadas. Objective: To analyze, according to microbiological methodology, the bactericidal action of different ypes on honey, according to the flowering origin. Materials and Methods: three samples of each types of honey were acquired, according to the flowering of origin, namely: Coffee Flowers, Vine-Grape, Assa-Peixe, Lemon, Orange, Eucalyptus and Sylvan. The disks were prepared by being soaked in honey, and were kept in a kilnfor drying. These were then placed in contact with Petri dish, previously prepared with Nutrient Agar, containing Staphylococcus aureus, and placed in kiln for drying. After 24 hours, it was observed if there was inhibition of bacterial strain, by forming a halo around the disk. Results: It was noted, in the reading of the 21 plates, no significant difference in the inhibition halos formed by different types of honey tested. Conclusion:By the study, it can be concluded that there

Desempenho de populações híbridas F2 de arroz-vermelho (Oryza sativa com arroz transgênico (O. sativa resistente ao herbicida amonio-glufosinate Performance of F2 hybrid populations of red rice (Oryza sativa with ammonium-glufosinate-resistant transgenic rice (O. sativa

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J.A. Noldin

2004-09-01

Full Text Available O arroz-vermelho e o arroz-preto constituem-se nas principais plantas daninhas infestantes da cultura de arroz irrigado, devido à dificuldade de controle seletivo desta espécie em lavouras comerciais. A utilização de cultivares geneticamente modificados resistentes a herbicidas não-seletivos constitui uma alternativa de controle do arroz-vermelho e arroz-preto em arroz irrigado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento de populações híbridas F2 originárias do cruzamento entre o arroz transgênico resistente ao herbicida glufosinato de amônio (arroz GM e o arroz-vermelho ou arroz-preto. As populações híbridas F2 resultantes do cruzamento entre o arroz transgênico e o arroz-vermelho e preto são viáveis, mas não apresentam vantagem competitiva aparente em comparação com o arroz-vermelho e arroz-preto não-hibridizado, respectivamente. Nas populações híbridas F2, as características morfológicas, como capacidade de perfilhamento, número de folhas produzidas e estatura média das plantas, foram em parte reduzidas e em parte não foram afetadas pela introgressão do gene BAR. A duração média do período entre o transplante e 50% da fase de floração aumentou nos híbridos F2 entre arroz-vermelho e arroz GM, comparado com os parentais arroz-vermelho e arroz GM. Nos híbridos com arroz-preto, observou-se o contrário: as plantas reduziram o ciclo médio em relação a este. O degrane natural médio observado nos quatro cruzamentos foi inferior ao apresentado pelos dois parentais (arroz-vermelho e arroz-preto-aspecto este também desfavorável à persistência do arroz-vermelho no ambiente. A esterilidade média de espiguetas aumentou e a produção de sementes viáveis foi inferior ou no máximo similar àquela observada no arroz-vermelho e no arroz-preto. A dormência de sementes foi pouco afetada, quando comparadas as populações híbridas F2 portadoras do gene BAR com os parentais arroz-vermelho e arroz

Estudo Viriato: Actualização de dados de susceptibilidade aos antimicrobianos de bactérias responsáveis por infecções respiratórias adquiridas na comunidade em Portugal em 2003 e 2004

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J. Melo-Cristino

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Resumo: O Estudo Viriato é um estudo nacional, prospectivo e multicêntrico, de vigilância da susceptibilidade aos antimicrobianos de bactérias frequentemente responsáveis por infecções do aparelho respiratório adquiridas na comunidade. Nos anos de 2003 e 2004 participaram 29 laboratórios de todo o país. Isolaram-se 2945 microrganismos que foram estudados num laboratório coordenador. Das 513 estirpes de Streptococcus pyogenes de doentes com amigdalo-faringite aguda, todas eram susceptíveis à penicilina e outros antibióticos beta-lactâmicos, mas 18,9% eram resistentes à eritromicina, claritromicina e azitromicina. Nas estirpes resistentes foi mais frequente o fenótipo M (67,0% que confere resistência à eritromicina (CIM90=16 mg/L, claritromicina e azitromicina, mas susceptibilidade à clindamicina (CIM90=0,094 mg/L. De doentes com infecção do aparelho respiratório inferior estudaram-se 1300 estirpes de Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococos, 829 de Haemophilus influenzae e 303 de Moraxella catarrhalis. Em S. pneumoniae, 18,4% das estirpes eram resistentes à penicilina (3,5% com resistência elevada, 7,1% à cefuroxima, 0,5% à amoxicilina, 0,5% à amoxicilina/clavulanato, 18,8% à eritromicina, claritromicina e azitromicina, 14,5 % à tetraciclina, 16,5% ao cotrimoxazol e 0,4% à levofloxacina. Nas estirpes resistentes aos macrólidos, dominou o fenótipo MLSB (83,7%, caracterizado por resistência elevada (CIM90 >256 mg/L à eritromicina, claritromicina, azitromicina e clindamicina. Produziam beta-lactamase 10,0% de H. influenzae e 96,4% de M. catarrhalis. Em H. influenzae demonstrou-se 5,5% de resistência à claritromicina e 13,4% ao cotrimoxazol. A quase totalidade das estirpes era susceptível à amoxicilina / clavulanato, cefuroxima, azitromicina, tetraciclina e ciprofloxacina. Em M. catarrhalis a resistência ao co-trimoxazol foi de 27,1% e à tetraciclina de 1,0%. Todas as estirpes eram susceptíveis à amoxicilina

Staphylococcus aureus entrance into the dairy chain: Tracking S. aureus from dairy cow to cheese

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Judith Kümmel

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important contagious mastitis pathogens in dairy cattle. Due to its zoonotic potential, control of S. aureus is not only of great economic importance in the dairy industry but also a significant public health concern. The aim of this study was to decipher the potential of bovine udder associated S. aureus as reservoir for S. aureus contamination in dairy production and processing. From 18 farms, delivering their milk to an alpine dairy plant for the production of smeared semi-hard and hard cheese. 1176 quarter milk (QM samples of all cows in lactation (n = 294 and representative samples form bulk tank milk (BTM of all farms were surveyed for coagulase positive (CPS and coagulase negative Staphylococci (CNS. Furthermore, samples from different steps of the cheese manufacturing process were tested for CPS and CNS. As revealed by chemometric-assisted FTIR spectroscopy and molecular subtyping (spa typing and multi locus sequence typing, dairy cattle represent indeed an important, yet underreported, entrance point of S. aureus into the dairy chain. Our data clearly show that certain S. aureus subtypes are present in primary production as well as in the cheese processing at the dairy plant. However, although a considerable diversity of S. aureus subtypes was observed in QM and BTM at the farms, only certain S. aureus subtypes were able to enter and persist in the cheese manufacturing at the dairy plant and could be isolated from cheese until day fourteen of ripening. Farm strains belonging to the FTIR cluster B1 and B3, which show genetic characteristics (t2953, ST8, enterotoxin profile: sea/sed/sej of the recently described S. aureus genotype B, most successfully contaminated the cheese production at the dairy plant. Thus our study fosters the hypothesis that genotype B S. aureus represent a specific challenge in control of S. aureus in the dairy chain that requires effective clearance strategies and hygienic

Sensibilidade de estirpes de Bradyrhizobium ao glyphosate

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Rodrigo Josemar Seminoti Jacques

2010-02-01

Full Text Available A aplicação do glyphosate sobre a soja resistente a este herbicida pode causar prejuízos à simbiose com o rizóbio. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a sensibilidade ao herbicida glyphosate de três estirpes de Bradyrhizobium recomendadas para a produção de inoculantes de sementes de soja no Brasil. Avaliou-se o efeito das concentrações de 0,0; 5,4; 10,8; 21,6 e 43,2 µg L-1 do ingrediente ativo do glyphosate [N-(fosfonometil glicina] no meio YM líquido sobre o crescimento de B. japonicum (estirpe SEMIA 5079 e de B. elkanii (estirpe SEMIA 5019 e estirpe SEMIA 587, por meio de leituras das densidades óticas e geração de curvas de crescimento. As reduções de crescimento na presença da menor concentração do glyphosate foram de 18% para SEMIA 5079, 29% para SEMIA 5019 e de 35% para SEMIA 587, sendo, de modo geral, quanto maior a concentração do herbicida no meio de cultura maior a inibição do crescimen­to. As estirpes apresentaram sensibilidade diferencial somente às concentrações mais baixas do glyphosate; nesse caso, foi possível determinar a seguinte ordem de sensibilidade: SEMIA 587 > SEMIA 5019 > SEMIA 5079. Essa sensibilidade diferencial é dependente da concentração do herbicida, pois na presença de 43,2 µg L-1 todas as estirpes tiveram seu crescimento severamente reduzido, não havendo diferença entre elas.

Impacto de la resistencia a la meticilina sobre la mortalidad y vigilancia de la sensibilidad a la vancomicina en bacteriemias causadas por Staphylococcus aureus Impact of methicillin resistance on mortality and surveillance of vancomycin susceptibility in bacteremias caused by Staphylococcus aureus

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F. Traverso

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Staphylococcus aureus es uno de los principales patógenos nosocomiales y produce una alta morbimortalidad en numerosos hospitales del mundo. Además, la incidencia de bacteriemias por este microorganismo ha aumentado significativamente en las últimas décadas. Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron identificar los factores de riesgo que favorecen la aparición de resistencia a la meticilina en aislamientos de S. aureus y los factores que afectan la mortalidad por bacteriemias asociadas a este patógeno, así como evaluar la sensibilidad a la vancomicina de las cepas resistentes a la meticilina. Se estudiaron 39 aislamientos de S. aureus provenientes de hemocultivos de pacientes internados con bacteriemia en la Nueva Clínica Chacabuco de Tandil (Pcia. de Buenos Aires, Argentina en el período 01/2006-12/2008. La mortalidad global fue del 51,3% y estuvo significativamente asociada con la resistencia a la meticilina (OR: 4,20; IC95%: 1,08-16,32; p: 0,05; aunque dicho factor no fue un predictor independiente de mortalidad. La cirugía previa (OR: 17,23; IC95%: 1,80-164,60 y la estancia previa en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (OR: 21,12; IC95%: 2,33-191,30 fueron predictores independientes de la resistencia a la meticilina y la asistencia respiratoria mecánica (OR: 15,99; IC: 3,24-78,86 fue un predictor independiente de la mortalidad. No se detectaron cepas con sensibilidad disminuida a la vancomicina. Todos los aislamientos estudiados fueron sensibles in vitro a la vancomicina, con una CIM50 y una CIM90 de 0,5 μg/ml.Staphylococcus aureus is a major nosocomial pathogen that causes severe morbidity and mortality in many hospitals worldwide. Besides, the incidence of S. aureus bacteremia has significantly increased over the past decades. The aims of this study were to detect the risk factors for methicillin resistance and mortality and to evaluate vancomycin susceptibility in methicillin-resistant isolates. Thus, 39 S. aureus isolates from

Microbiological testing of devices used in maintaining peripheral venous catheters.

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Rossini, Fernanda de Paula; Andrade, Denise de; Santos, Lissandra Chaves de Sousa; Ferreira, Adriano Menis; Tieppo, Caroline; Watanabe, Evandro

2017-05-15

,3% Staphylococcus aureus e 14,3% Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Cinquenta e nove por cento das bactérias multirresistentes foram isoladas das T3Vs, 42% dos lúmens e 44% dos curativos com predominância de Staphylococcus coagulase-negativa resistente à meticilina. Além disso, 18% das bactérias gram-negativas com resistência aos carbapenêmicos foram identificadas a partir de bactérias multirresistentes nas superfícies externas das T3Vs. é importante enfatizar o isolamento de Staphylococcus coagulase-negativa resistente à meticilina e bactérias gram-negativas resistentes aos carbapenêmicos em amostras de dispositivos, o que reforça a importância do cuidado de enfermagem na manutenção do ambiente biologicamente seguro, assim como práticas de prevenção e controle de infecção. evaluar el uso de catéteres venosos periféricos basado en el análisis microbiológico de dispositivos (vendajes y llaves de tres vías) y así contribuir a la prevención y control de infecciones. se trata de un estudio prospectivo de análisis microbiológico de 30 llaves de tres vías (superficies externas y lumen) y 30 apósitos utilizados en el mantenimiento de los catéteres venosos periféricos de pacientes adultos hospitalizados. todas las superficies externas, el 40% de los lúmenes y el 86,7% de los vendajes presentaron crecimiento bacteriano. Las principales especies aisladas en el lumen fueron 50% Staphylococcus coagulasa-negativa, 14.3% Staphylococcus aureus, y 14.3% Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Cincuenta y nueve por ciento de las bacterias resistentes a múltiples fármacos fueron aisladas de las llaves de tres vías, el 42% de los lúmenes, y el 44% del apósito con un predominio de Staphylococcus coagulasa-negativa resistente a la meticilina. Además, se identificaron 18% de bacterias gram-negativas con resistencia a carbapenems entre las bacterias multirresistentes en las superficies externas de las llaves de tres vías. es importante enfatizar el aislamiento de Staphylococcus coagulasa

Atividade antimicrobiana in vitro de produtos vegetais em otite externa aguda In vitro antimicrobial activity of plants in Acute Otitis Externa

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Janaina Cândida Rodrigues Nogueira

2008-02-01

Full Text Available Otite externa aguda é a inflamação do conduto auditivo externo, e plantas medicinais podem ser utilizadas, na cultura popular, para seu tratamento. OBJETIVO: Avaliar atividade antimicrobiana in vitro de Aleolanthus suaveolens, Caryophyllus aromaticus, Cymbopogon citratus, Matricaria chamomila, Pithecellobium avaremotemo, Plectranthus amboinicus e Ruta graveolens sobre agentes etiológicos de otite externa. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODOS: A concentração inibitória mínima de extratos e óleos destas plantas foi obtida em amostras de otite externa. RESULTADOS: Staphylococcus aureus em 10 culturas, Pseudomonas aeruginosa em 8, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Staphylococcus aureus, em associação, em 5 culturas e Candida albicans e Candida krusei em 4 culturas. P. aeruginosa foi resistente a todos os extratos e óleos essenciais testados; os extratos de A. suaveolens, P. avaremotemo e de R. graveolens foram inativos, o óleo essencial de C. aromaticus e M. chamomila foram ativos contra 3 cepas de S. aureus e as cepas de Candida; Sete das cepas de S. aureus foram sensíveis ao extrato de P. amboinicus, mas o óleo não mostrou atividade, 4 cepas de S.aureus e as cepas de Candida foram sensíveis ao óleo essencial de R. graveolens. CONCLUSÃO: Algumas plantas apresentaram resultados satisfatórios, dependendo do agente etiológico, porém se faz necessário estudos mais detalhados, para melhorar o aproveitamento destas plantas.Acute Otitis Externa is an inflammation of the outer auditory meatus, and according to popular saying, medicinal plant extracts can be used in its treatment. AIM: to assess the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the following plants: Aleolanthus suaveolens; Caryophyllus aromaticus; Cymbopogon citratus; Matricaria chamomila; Pithecellobium avaremotemo; Plectranthus amboinicus and Ruta graveolens on the germs that cause otitis externa. MATERIALS AND METHODS: the minimum inhibitory concentration of extracts and oils from these plants was

Relação entre resistência de linhagens tropicais de milho à podridão de espiga e ao acúmulo de fumonisinas provocados por Fusarium verticillioides

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Adalgisa Thayne Munhoz

2015-06-01

Full Text Available A infecção de grãos de milho por Fusarium verticillioides, agente causal da podridão da espiga, pode resultar na produção de micotoxinas do grupo das fumonisinas. A resistência genética é a forma de controle mais eficiente dessa enfermidade. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi buscar fontes de resistência em linhagens de milho tropical à F. verticillioides e à produção de fumonisinas. Seis linhagens tropicais de milho, três, pré-classificadas como resistentes e três, pré-classificadas como suscetíveis à F. verticillioides, foram submetidas à inoculação do patógeno e posteriormente, avaliadas quanto à severidade da podridão de espiga, incidência de grãos sintomáticos e concentração de fumonisinas. Os resultados mostraram que as linhagens R1 e R3 apresentaram alta resistência à infecção do patógeno. No entanto, apenas a R3 foi resistente ao acúmulo de fumonisinas. Dessa forma, sugere-se que a ausência de relação entre intensidade da doença e níveis de fumonisinas seja fator inerente desse patossistema. Assim, não é possível assegurar que grãos assintomáticos quanto à infecção por F. verticillioides, estejam livres de contaminação por fumonisinas.

WATERMARK RESISTENTE EN EL DOMINIO DE LAS FRECUENCIAS DE IMÁGENES DIGITALES PARA SU AUTENTICACIÓN SEGURA MEDIANTE AUTÓMATAS CELULARES

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Luz Fátima Huallpa Vargas

2011-01-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se presenta el desarrollo de un procedimiento de autenticación de imágenes digitales combinando diversos métodos relacionados con watermarks (marcas de agua digitales y métodos de cifrado, con el fin de proteger los derechos de autor de imágenes digitales. Para que este procedimiento sea robusto, imperceptible y resistente a diferentes ataques intencionales o no intencionales se trabaja en el dominio de las frecuencias de la imagen utilizando la Transformada Discreta del Coseno (Discrete Cosine Transform, DCT. Para agregar mayor nivel de protección y seguridad a la imagen marcada, se cifra el mensaje insertado a partir de una clave del autor empleando el método de Autómatas Celulares. El mensaje insertado es resistente a la compresión JPEG, a los ruidos y filtros gaussiano y salt-and-pepper. La extracción del mensaje se realiza a partir de la imagen marcada para lo cual se hace uso estricto de la clave del autor para verificar la autenticidad del mismo.

Desenho racional e produção de análogos do peptídeo antimicrobiano Hylina a1 com maior potencial terapêutico

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Costa, Fabiano José Queiroz

2012-01-01

Desde os primórdios da terapêutica antimicrobiana têm-se relatos de microrganismos resistentes às drogas antimicrobianas clássicas. Com o seu uso indiscriminado, cada vez mais vêm surgindo microrganismos resistentes aos antimicrobianos disponíveis. Por mais dinâmicas que sejam as indústrias farmacêuticas na busca por novas drogas, elas não conseguem acompanhar o espantoso fenômeno da multirresistência apresentada por muitos micror...

Eficacia de algunos biocidas contra estafilococos hospitalarios sensibles y resistentes a la meticilina en la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina Efficacy of biocides against hospital isolates of Staphylococcus sensitive and resistant to methicillin, in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Mirta Beatriz Reynaldo

2004-09-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Evaluar cómo responden los estafilococos hospitalarios sensibles y resistentes a la meticilina ante la acción de diferentes antisépticos y desinfectantes empleados habitualmente en los hospitales de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Demostrar la eficacia de esas sustancias mediante la determinación de sus concentraciones bactericidas eficaces, así como analizar si existe correlación entre la resistencia a biocidas y la resistencia a la meticilina en esta población bacteriana. MÉTODOS: Se evaluó la acción de siete biocidas con 25 cepas de estafilococos nosocomiales sensibles y resistentes a la meticilina y una cepa de colección, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538. Las cepas hospitalarias provienen de dos hospitales de máxima complejidad y fueron obtenidas, durante los meses de abril de 2000 a mayo de 2002, de muestras clínicas (hemocultivo, urocultivo, punta de catéter y abceso pertenecientes a pacientes de ambos sexos, internados y ambulatorios. Después del aislamiento de dichas cepas, determinamos la sensibilidad a antibióticos mediante el método de difusión en agar de Kirby y Bauer. Para estudiar la acción de los biocidas de uso hospitalario sobre estas cepas, empleamos el ensayo de Kelsey-Sykes, que permite establecer las concentraciones bactericidas eficaces de tales compuestos. RESULTADOS: Los resultados muestran que la respuesta de las cepas hospitalarias resistentes y sensibles a la meticilina varía con respecto a la cepa de colección. El digluconato de clorhexidina, la yodopovidona, la tintura de yodo débil y el glutaraldehído alcalino fueron eficaces contra la mayoría de las cepas, independientemente de su resistencia o sensibilidad a los antibióticos. CONCLUSIONES: Estas evaluaciones no indican ninguna asociación entre la resistencia a la meticilina y la resistencia a los biocidas evaluados. Asimismo, apuntan a la necesidad de seguir investigando para valorar la eficacia de los agentes qu

Desempenho de populações híbridas F2 de arroz-vermelho (Oryza sativa) com arroz transgênico (O. sativa) resistente ao herbicida amonio-glufosinate Performance of F2 hybrid populations of red rice (Oryza sativa) with ammonium-glufosinate-resistant transgenic rice (O. sativa)

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J.A. Noldin; S. Yokoyama; H. Stuker; F.T. Rampelotti; M.I.F. Gonçalves; D.S. Eberhardt; A. Abreu; P. Antunes; J. Vieira

2004-01-01

O arroz-vermelho e o arroz-preto constituem-se nas principais plantas daninhas infestantes da cultura de arroz irrigado, devido à dificuldade de controle seletivo desta espécie em lavouras comerciais. A utilização de cultivares geneticamente modificados resistentes a herbicidas não-seletivos constitui uma alternativa de controle do arroz-vermelho e arroz-preto em arroz irrigado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento de populações híbridas F2 originárias do cruzamento entre o a...

Alta prevalência de crianças portadoras de Streptococcus pneumoniae resistentes à penicilina em creches públicas High prevalence of children colonized with penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in public day-care centers

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Patrícia A. G. Velasquez

2009-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Investigar a prevalência de Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococos na nasofaringe de crianças sadias atendidas em creches municipais da cidade de Umuarama (PR. Avaliar a susceptibilidade aos antimicrobianos dos pneumococos isolados. MÉTODOS: Secreção da nasofaringe de 212 crianças foi coletada no período de abril a outubro de 2008. Após semeadura dos espécimes em ágar sangue e incubação a 37 °C por 24-48 horas, as colônias suspeitas de pertencerem a S. pneumoniae foram identificadas pela α-hemólise, sensibilidade à optoquina e bile solubilidade. A susceptibilidade à penicilina foi investigada pelos testes de disco-difusão e de diluição. A susceptibilidade aos demais antimicrobianos indicados no tratamento das infecções pneumocócicas foi realizada por disco-difusão RESULTADOS: A prevalência de pneumococos na nasofaringe foi de 43,4% (92/212, sendo maior em crianças com idade entre 2 e 5 anos (p = 0,0005. Não houve diferença significativa entre os sexos. Resistência intermediária e resistência plena à penicilina foram encontradas respectivamente em 34,8 (32/92 e 22,8% (21/92 dos isolados. Sessenta e sete amostras (72,8% foram resistentes ao sulfametoxazol-trimetoprim, oito (8,7% à eritromicina e seis (6,5% à tetraciclina. Uma amostra apresentou resistência à clindamicina (1,1%, e outra ao cloranfenicol (1,1%. Todas as amostras foram sensíveis a levofloxacina, ofloxacina, rifampicina, telitromicina, linezolide e vancomicina. Nove amostras foram consideradas multirresistentes, por apresentarem resistência a três ou mais classes de antimicrobianos. CONCLUSÕES: O presente estudo registrou uma alta prevalência de crianças portadoras sadias de amostras de S. pneumoniae resistentes à penicilina que podem constituir importantes reservatórios desse patógeno na comunidade.OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prevalence of Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococci in the nasopharynx of healthy children enrolled

Seleção de clones de batata-doce resistentes a Meloidogyne incognita raça 1 Selection of sweetpotato clones resistant to Meloidogyne incognita race 1

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Aline Marchese

2010-09-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi selecionar clones de batata-doce (Ipomoea batatas resistentes à raça 1 de Meloidogyne incognita e avaliar a eficiência do método de seleção empregado, pela estimação dos coeficientes de variação genética e ambiental e das herdabilidades no sentido amplo. Foram utilizados 123 genótipos de batata-doce, entre os quais quatro cultivares comerciais - Brazlândia Rosada, Brazlândia Roxa, Brazlândia Branca e Palmas -, e 119 acessos previamente selecionados no programa de melhoramento vegetal da Universidade Federal de Lavras. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos aumentados, com três tratamentos comuns: as cultivares de batata-doce Brazlândia Branca e Palmas, e a cultivar de tomate Santa Clara, suscetível ao nematoide. A classificação dos níveis de resistência foi realizada de acordo com o fator de reprodução do nematoide e o índice de reprodução relativo à cultivar Santa Clara, de tomateiro. A relação entre os coeficientes de variação genética e ambiental e as herdabilidades no sentido amplo foram altas, tanto para o fator de reprodução quanto para o índice de reprodução dos nematoides, o que demonstra a eficiência do método empregado para a seleção de genótipos resistentes. Foram identificados 57 genótipos promissores de batata-doce, resistentes à raça 1 de M. incognita, e selecionados para continuar no programa de melhoramento.The objective of this work was to select sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas resistant clones to Meloidogyne incognita race 1, and to assess the efficiency of the selection method deployed, through the estimation of genetic and environmental coefficients of variation, and broad-sense heritabilities. Genotypes assessed comprised 123 sweetpotato entries altogether, including four commercial cultivars - Brazlândia Rosada, Brazlândia Roxa, Brazlândia Branca, Palmas - and 119 clones previously selected by the Universidade Federal de Lavras

Aislamientos bacterianos de muestras respiratorias de pacientes pediátricos con fibrosis quística y su distribución por edades Bacterial isolates from respiratory samples of pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis and their distribution by ages

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Natalia P Busquets

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Se investigaron los microorganismos aislados de muestras respiratorias de 50 pacientes pediátricos con fibrosis quística. Se analizó la distribución por edades y se examinó la resistencia a los antimicrobianos, la intermitencia de los aislamientos y la presencia de coinfecciones. Se aisló Staphylococcus aureus en el 72 % de los pacientes, seguido de Pseudomonas aeruginosa (58 %, Haemophilus influenzae (56 % y complejo Burkholderia cepacia (12 %. Encontramos baja frecuencia de aislamientos de P. aeruginosa resistentes a los antibióticos p-lactámicos (13,8 %. El 50,0 % de S. aureus fue resistente a la meticilina. El 57,1 % de H. influenzae fue resistente a la ampicilina por producción de ß-lactamasa. En niños menores de 4 años predominó S. aureus, seguido de P. aeruginosa y H. influenzae. Este orden se observó en todos los grupos etarios analizados, excepto en el de los niños de 10 a 14 años. Los aislamientos de Stenotrophomonas maltophilia y Achromobacter xylosoxidans fueron intermitentes y estuvieron acompañados por otros microorganismos. En suma, en este estudio observamos una gran variedad de especies bacterianas, lo que impone la necesidad de realizar rigurosos estudios microbiológicos en los materiales respiratorios de estos pacientes.The bacterial isolates from respiratory samples of 50 pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis, their distribution by ages and antimicrobial resistance pattern as well as the intermittence of isolations and coinfections, were investigated. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in 72 % of patients, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (58 %, Haemophilus. influenzae (56 %, and the Burkholderia cepacia complex (12 %. The frequency of resistance of P. aeruginosa isolates to ß-lactam antibiotics was low (13.8 %. Fifty percent of S. aureus isolates was methicillin-resistant, and 57.1 % of H. influenza was ampicillin-resistant due to ß-lactamase production. In children under 4 years-old, S. aureus was

Denervación renal percutánea mediante el uso de catéter con balón en pacientes con hipertensión arterial resistente

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Isabel C. Marín-Orozco

2015-11-01

El objetivo del presente reporte es describir detalladamente dos casos de hipertensión arterial resistente, tratados mediante ablación con radiofrecuencia con el nuevo dispositivo Vessix® de la compañía Boston Scientific.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Hospital-acquired MRSA (HA-MRSA); Staph - MRSA; Staphylococcal - MRSA ... Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). www.cdc.gov/mrsa/index.html . Updated ...

Genetic diversity of Staphylococcus aureus in Buruli ulcer.

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Nana Ama Amissah

2015-02-01

Full Text Available Buruli ulcer (BU is a necrotizing skin disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans. Previous studies have shown that wounds of BU patients are colonized with M. ulcerans and several other microorganisms, including Staphylococcus aureus, which may interfere with wound healing. The present study was therefore aimed at investigating the diversity and topography of S. aureus colonizing BU patients during treatment.We investigated the presence, diversity, and spatio-temporal distribution of S. aureus in 30 confirmed BU patients from Ghana during treatment. S. aureus was isolated from nose and wound swabs, and by replica plating of wound dressings collected bi-weekly from patients. S. aureus isolates were characterized by multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat fingerprinting (MLVF and spa-typing, and antibiotic susceptibility was tested.Nineteen (63% of the 30 BU patients tested positive for S. aureus at least once during the sampling period, yielding 407 S. aureus isolates. Detailed analysis of 91 isolates grouped these isolates into 13 MLVF clusters and 13 spa-types. Five (26% S. aureus-positive BU patients carried the same S. aureus genotype in their anterior nares and wounds. S. aureus isolates from the wounds of seven (37% patients were distributed over two different MLVF clusters. Wounds of three (16% patients were colonized with isolates belonging to two different genotypes at the same time, and five (26% patients were colonized with different S. aureus types over time. Five (17% of the 30 included BU patients tested positive for methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA.The present study showed that the wounds of many BU patients were contaminated with S. aureus, and that many BU patients from the different communities carried the same S. aureus genotype during treatment. This calls for improved wound care and hygiene.

Genetic diversity of Staphylococcus aureus in Buruli ulcer.

Science.gov (United States)

Amissah, Nana Ama; Glasner, Corinna; Ablordey, Anthony; Tetteh, Caitlin S; Kotey, Nana Konama; Prah, Isaac; van der Werf, Tjip S; Rossen, John W; van Dijl, Jan Maarten; Stienstra, Ymkje

2015-02-01

Buruli ulcer (BU) is a necrotizing skin disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans. Previous studies have shown that wounds of BU patients are colonized with M. ulcerans and several other microorganisms, including Staphylococcus aureus, which may interfere with wound healing. The present study was therefore aimed at investigating the diversity and topography of S. aureus colonizing BU patients during treatment. We investigated the presence, diversity, and spatio-temporal distribution of S. aureus in 30 confirmed BU patients from Ghana during treatment. S. aureus was isolated from nose and wound swabs, and by replica plating of wound dressings collected bi-weekly from patients. S. aureus isolates were characterized by multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat fingerprinting (MLVF) and spa-typing, and antibiotic susceptibility was tested. Nineteen (63%) of the 30 BU patients tested positive for S. aureus at least once during the sampling period, yielding 407 S. aureus isolates. Detailed analysis of 91 isolates grouped these isolates into 13 MLVF clusters and 13 spa-types. Five (26%) S. aureus-positive BU patients carried the same S. aureus genotype in their anterior nares and wounds. S. aureus isolates from the wounds of seven (37%) patients were distributed over two different MLVF clusters. Wounds of three (16%) patients were colonized with isolates belonging to two different genotypes at the same time, and five (26%) patients were colonized with different S. aureus types over time. Five (17%) of the 30 included BU patients tested positive for methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The present study showed that the wounds of many BU patients were contaminated with S. aureus, and that many BU patients from the different communities carried the same S. aureus genotype during treatment. This calls for improved wound care and hygiene.

A Case of Childhood Lichen Aureus

OpenAIRE

Kim, Min Ji; Kim, Byung Yoon; Park, Kyung Chan; Youn, Sang Woong

2009-01-01

Lichen aureus is a rare type of chronic pigmented purpuric dermatosis. The eruptions consist of discrete or confluent golden to brownish lichenoid macules and papules, and are usually asymptomatic. Lichen aureus commonly occurs in young adults, but less frequently in children. We report the first case of multiple lichen aureus occurring in a Korean child.

Ocorrência de linhagens de Pseudomonas aeruginosa cloro resistentes em águas de diferentes origens = Ocurrence of chlorine resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from different water sources

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Glícia Maria Torres Calazans

2007-07-01

Full Text Available Pseudomonas aeruginosa é conhecida por sua versatilidade metabólica e extrema capacidade de adaptação a diferentes ambientes, inclusive aquáticos. Para desinfecção de águas, o cloro e agentes que contêm cloro continuam sendo os mais usados no mundo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resistência ao cloro de linhagens de P. aeruginosa, isoladas de amostras de águas de diversos ambientes. Foram testados diferentes tempos de contato (1, 5, 10, 20, 30 e 40 minutos e soluções aquosas de cloro, com concentrações definidascom base na legislação vigente no país para água potável: 0,5; 1,0 e 2,0 ppm. O teste de resistência ao cloro foi desenvolvido por meio da exposição direta das bactérias às soluções. Os resultados revelaram que P. aeruginosa, isoladas de diferentes fontes de água, têm ahabilidade de sobreviver a diferentes concentrações de cloro. Na concentração de 1 ppm, a maioria das linhagens não foi inibida. As linhagens mais resistentes ao cloro também apresentaram relação de multirresistência à maioria dos antibióticos testados.The nutritional versatility and the adaptability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to different environments, including water, are well known. Chlorine and other chlorine agents are used as water disinfecting all around the world. The aim of this work was to evaluate the possible chlorine resistance amongst P. aeruginosa strains isolated from different aquatic sources by using different contact time (1, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 minutes in solutions with known chlorine concentrations according current legislation in the country to potable water: 0.5; 1.0 and 2.0 ppm. The chlorine resistance test was done by direct exposure of P. aeruginosa under a solution with known chlorine concentration. Results showed that P. aeruginosa strains isolated from different aquatic sources are able tosurvive in different chlorine concentrations. At 1 ppm, most of them were not inhibited. It was also observed

Propriedades probióticas in vitro de Lactobacillus spp. isolados de queijos minas artesanais da Serra da Canastra - MG

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C.R.G. Andrade

2014-10-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o potencial probiótico in vitro de Lactobacillus spp. isolados de queijos minas artesanais da Serra da Canastra, considerando-se o antagonismo entre amostras isoladas frente a microrganismos indicadores, a susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos, a sensibilidade ao ácido gástrico e a sensibilidade a sais biliares. Todas as bactérias ácido-lácticas testadas apresentaram resistência ao ácido gástrico (pH 2,0 e aos sais biliares (0,3%, bem como atividade antagonista contra Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica var. Typhimurium, Enterococcus faecalis e bactérias ácido-lácticas isoladas dos próprios queijos - Lactobacillus plantarum (D27 e Lactobacillus rhamnosus (B25. Todas as amostras foram sensíveis à eritromicina e tetraciclina e resistentes à ciprofloxacina, gentamicina, oxacilina, estreptomicina e vancomicina. L. plantarum (B17 apresentou melhor potencial probiótico, pois obteve resultados satisfatórios em todas as propriedades avaliadas. Mais estudos são necessários para verificar a presença e a capacidade de transmissão de genes de resistência antimicrobiana a outros microrganismos e para avaliar o potencial dos microrganismos in vivo. As bactérias selecionadas poderão ser utilizadas na elaboração de queijos em que sejam mantidos o sabor e a tradição do queijo minas artesanal do estado de Minas Gerais.

Aceitação de cultivares de bananas resistentes à Sigatoka Negra junto ao consumidor da região Nordeste do Brasil Acceptance of banana cultivars resistant to Black Sigatoka by the consumer market of Northeast Brazilian region

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Deborah dos Santos Garruti

2012-05-01

Full Text Available O Mal da Sigatoka Negra é devastador para as cultivares tradicionais de banana. No Brasil, cultivares resistentes estão sendo desenvolvidas, mas se a preferência do consumidor não for considerada, o programa de melhoramento pode falhar. Neste trabalho, a aceitabilidade de quatro cultivares resistentes foi acessada no Nordeste brasileiro e comparada a quatro variedades comerciais. Dois grupos de consumidores participaram: adultos jovens e donas de casa. Escala hedônica foi aplicada para aparência externa dos cachos, aceitação global e aceitação por atributos dos frutos (aparência sem a casca, aroma, sabor e textura, além de testes de preferência e intenção de compra. Os dados foram submetidos à ANOVA e Mapa de Preferência Interno. Mulheres e jovens mostraram opiniões semelhantes. As cultivares 'Preciosa' e 'Pacovan Ken' mostraram ser as mais promissoras, sendo que a primeira já pode substituir as cultivares comerciais 'Prata' e 'Pacovan' sem prejudicar a sua aceitabilidade, mas a 'Pacovan Ken' ainda precisa ser melhorada quanto à aparência.The Black Sigatoka Disease is devastating to traditional banana cultivars. In Brazil, resistant cultivars are being developed but if the consumer's preference is not taken into account, the breeding program may not succeed. In this research the acceptability of four resistant cultivars was accessed in the Northeastern Brazilian region and compared to four commercial varieties. Two groups of consumers participated: young adults and housewives. Hedonic scale was applied to external appearance of bunches, global acceptance and acceptance of fruits' attributes (appearance without peel, aroma, flavor and texture. Preference and purchase intent were also evaluated. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Preference Mapping. Women and young adults showed similar opinions. 'Preciosa' and 'Pacovan Ken' cultivars showed to be the most promising ones. 'Preciosa' can already substitute the commercial 'Prata

Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in a tertiary care hospital

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CP Bhatt

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Background: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureushas emerged as one of the most important nosocomial pathogens. It invokes a tremendous financial burden and enhanced morbidity and mortality due to difficult to treat systemic infections.Aim of this study was to determine antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Materials and Methods: Different clinical specimens were collected and processed for routine culture and antibiotic sensitivity test by standard microbiology techniques. Results: Out of 1173 samples received for microbiological examination, 100 were found to be S. aureus with 19% cases were Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA. Fourteen MRSA were found from inpatient and 5 were from outpatient. MRSA was found higher in female than male and maximum number (31.5% was found in age group 0-10 years. Staphylococcus aureus was 100% sensitive to Vancomycin followed by Amikacin (90%, Gentamycin (83%, and tetracycline (81%. On urine isolates Nitrofurantoin(91.6% was drug of choice. All the isolates were resistant to Penicillin G. In case of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus showed 100% sensitive to Vancomycin followed by Amikacin (84.2%, Tetracycline (63.1%, Ciprofloxacin (42% and Gentamycin (36.8%. Among urine isolates Nitrofutantoin showed 87.5% sensitive followed by Norfloxacin (75%. Conclusion: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus was found 19% of Staphylococcus aureus isolates. It was most common in females, hospitalized patients and young age group. Vancomycin seems to be drug of choice followed by Amikacin. It would be helpful to formulating and monitoring the antibiotic policy and ensure proper empiric treatment. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v4i7.10297 Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2014 Vol. 4, 548-551   

Quantificação de coliformes, Staphylococcus aureus e mesófilos presentes em diferentes etapas da produção de queijo frescal de leite de cabra em laticínios Enumeration of coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus and aerobic mesofilic bacteria throughout the manufacture process of a goat unripened cheese produced in a dairy plant

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Simone Ulrich Picoli

2006-03-01

Full Text Available O objetivo do presente estudo foi acompanhar a produção de queijo frescal de leite de cabra, avaliando a qualidade higiênica do processamento pela quantificação de coliformes, S. aureus e mesófilos totais. A produção de três diferentes lotes de queijo foi acompanhada, sendo coletadas amostras de várias etapas do processamento. Além disso, amostras de queijo pertencente ao lote acompanhado foram coletadas na prateleira de um estabelecimento comercial durante seu período de validade. Os suabes coletados foram semeados em ágar sangue ovino; as amostras de água foram submetidas à Colimetria; as demais amostras foram submetidas à contagem de S. aureus, coliformes e mesófilos totais por meio de protocolos de rotina. Verificou-se que, apesar da pasteurização ter diminuído consideravelmente as populações microbianas presentes no leite cru, a falta de sanificação adequada de um equipamento que entrava em contato com o leite cru e que dá acesso ao tanque de coagulação, resultou na recontaminação da matéria-prima. Ao final do processamento, o queijo encontrava-se dentro dos padrões exigidos pela legislação, contudo a elevada contagem de mesófilos totais sugere que sejam melhoradas as medidas de sanitização durante o processamento, a fim de garantir a qualidade higiênica e uma maior vida de prateleira ao queijo produzido.The aim of this study was to evaluate the hygienic conditions throughout the manufacture process of a goat unripened cheese, using the enumeration of coliforms, S. aureus and aerobic mesofilic bacteria as indicators. The production of three different lots of cheese was followed, being collected samples throughout the processing steps. Furthermore, samples of cheese belonging to the same sampled lot were collected in the shelf of a commercial establishment throughout the shelf life period. Swabs were streaked onto blood agar plates; water samples were submitted to colimetric assays; all other samples were

Staphylococcus aureus and hand eczema severity

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Haslund, P; Bangsgaard, N; Jarløv, J O

2009-01-01

BACKGROUND: The role of bacterial infections in hand eczema (HE) remains to be assessed. OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in patients with HE compared with controls, and to relate presence of S. aureus, subtypes and toxin production to severity of HE. METHODS......: Bacterial swabs were taken at three different visits from the hand and nose in 50 patients with HE and 50 controls. Staphylococcus aureus was subtyped by spa typing and assigned to clonal complexes (CCs), and isolates were tested for exotoxin-producing S. aureus strains. The Hand Eczema Severity Index...... and in the nose in all cases, and between visits in 90% of cases. Ten different CC types were identified, no association with severity was found, and toxin-producing strains were not found more frequently in patients with HE than in controls. CONCLUSIONS: Staphylococcus aureus was present on hands in almost half...

Fluoroquinolone susceptibilities to methicillin-resistant and susceptible coagulase-negative Staphylococcus isolated from eye infection Suscetibilidade dos Staphylococcus coagulase negativo meticilina-resistentes e suscetíveis isolados em infecções oculares

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Adália Dias Dourado Oliveira

2007-03-01

Full Text Available PURPOSE: To evaluate the fluoroquinolone susceptibilities of ocular isolate coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS, identified at the Microbiology Laboratory - UNIFESP. DESIGN: Experimental laboratory investigation. METHODS: The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs of 21 strains of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCoNS and 22 methicillin-sensitive coagulase-negative staphylococci (MSCoNS to ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin were determined, using the E-test method standardized by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI/NCCLS. RESULTS: The MIC90s (µg/ml for the second generation of tested fluoroquinolones were higher than the fourth generation, especially for the methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci group. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that methicillin-sensitive coagulase-negative staphylococci are more susceptible to quinolones than are methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci and that fourth generation fluoroquinolones appear to be more potent, affecting even coagulase-negative staphylococcal strains resistant to second generation fluoroquinolones.OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a suscetibilidade a fluorquinolonas dos Staphylococcus coagulase-negativo (SCoN identificados no Laboratório de Microbiologia Ocular da Unifesp. MÉTODOS: Foi determinada a concentração inibitória mínima de 21 cepas de SCoN meticilina-resistentes e 22 meticilina-sensíveis para ciprofloxacina, ofloxacina, gatifloxacina e moxifloxacina, utilizando o E-test estandartizado pelo CLSI/NCCLS. RESULTADOS: Os MIC90 (µg/ml de 43 SCoN isolados para fluorquinolonas de segunda geração foram maiores do que os de quarta geração, principalmente para o grupo dos meticilina-resistentes. CONCLUSÃO: Nossos resultados indicam que Staphylococcus coagulase-negativo meticilina-sensíveis são mais suscetíveis às quinolonas do que os Staphylococcus coagulase-negativo meticilina-resistentes

Successful therapeutic response of resistant cases of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis to a very low dose of antimony Resposta terapêutica bem sucedida de casos resistentes de leishmaniose mucocutânea a doses muito baixas de antimônio

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Manoel Paes de Oliveira-Neto

2006-08-01

Full Text Available Two mucocutaneous leishmaniasis cases resistant to therapy are reported here. After the failure of initial therapies (antimony, amphotericin B and/or pentamidine patients received a low-dose schedule: one ampoule of meglumine antimoniate (405mg of pentavalent antimony [Sb v] by intramuscular injection, three times a week until complete healing of the lesions. One patient was cured with a total of 30 ampoules in 10 weeks and the other received 36 ampoules in 12 weeks. Both remain clinically cured after one year of follow-up.São relatados dois casos de leishmaniose mucocutânea resistentes ao tratamento. Depois das terapêuticas iniciais (antimônio, anfotericina B e/ou pentamidina, os pacientes receberam um esquema alternativo: uma ampola de antimoniato de meglumina (405mg de antimônio pentavalnte [Sb v] por via intramuscular, três vezes por semana até a cura completa das lesões. Um paciente recebeu um total de 30 ampolas durante 10 semanas e o outro, 36 ampolas durante 12 semanas. Ambos permanecem clinicamente curados até um ano após o tratamento.

METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS (MRSA ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Nosocomial infections caused by methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus often pose therapeutic dilemma to the clinicians because of the multi resistant nature of these strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Outbreaks of both nosocomial and community acquired infections are also frequent and difficult to control.

Resistência de Bidens subalternans aos herbicidas inibidores da enzima acetolactato sintase utilizados na cultura da soja Resistance of Bidens subalternans to the acetolactate synthase inhibitor herbicides used in soybean crop

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G.A. Gelmini

2002-08-01

Full Text Available O uso contínuo e prolongado de produtos com o mesmo mecanismo de ação pode provocar a manifestação de biótipos resistentes. Para verificar possíveis novos casos de resistência, bem como alternativas para prevenção e manejo, foram coletadas sementes de Bidens subalternans na região de São Gabriel D' Oeste-MS, em plantas que sobreviveram a tratamentos em que inibidores da ALS foram sistematicamente utilizados. Em experimento conduzido em vasos em casa de vegetação, o biótipo com histórico de resistente foi comparado ao suscetível quando submetido aos diversos herbicidas com diferentes mecanismos de ação usados em pós-emergência, os quais foram aplicados nas doses de zero, uma, duas, quatro e oito vezes a recomendada. Decorridos 20 dias, foram avaliadas a porcentagem de controle e a produção da fitomassa verde, visando estabelecimento de curvas de dose-resposta e obtenção dos fatores de resistência. O biótipo oriundo de área com histórico de aplicações repetidas de inibidores da ALS apresentou elevado nível de resistência aos herbicidas chlorimuron-ethyl e imazethapyr, demonstrando ser portador de resistência cruzada aos inibidores da ALS dos grupos das sulfoniluréias e imidazolinonas. Entretanto, esse biótipo foi eficientemente controlado pelos herbicidas fomesafen, lactofen, bentazon, glufosinato de amônio e glyphosate.The continuous and prolonged use of products with the same mechanism of action can provoke the manifestation of resistant biotypes. In horder to verify possible new cases, as well as alternatives for prevention and control, seeds of Bidens subalternans were collected at São Gabriel D' Oeste (MS region at plants that survived continuous treatments which sistematically ALS inhibitors. Through an experiment performed in pots inside a greenhouse, a resistant biotype was compared to a susceptible one when submitted to herbicides with different mechanisms of action and applied at post emergence

Complete Genome Sequence of the Quality Control Strain Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus ATCC 25923.

Science.gov (United States)

Treangen, Todd J; Maybank, Rosslyn A; Enke, Sana; Friss, Mary Beth; Diviak, Lynn F; Karaolis, David K R; Koren, Sergey; Ondov, Brian; Phillippy, Adam M; Bergman, Nicholas H; Rosovitz, M J

2014-11-06

Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus ATCC 25923 is commonly used as a control strain for susceptibility testing to antibiotics and as a quality control strain for commercial products. We present the completed genome sequence for the strain, consisting of the chromosome and a 27.5-kb plasmid. Copyright © 2014 Treangen et al.

Antimicrobial resistant coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

ADEYEYE

S. aureus is associated with many clinical syndromes including tenosynovitis, omphalitis, femoral head necrosis, .... Markey, 2008) where occurrence of multidrug ... Staphylococcus aureus isolates from bovine mastitis in. Denmark. Veterinary.

Transfer of Antibiotic Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Haaber, Jakob; Penadés, José R; Ingmer, Hanne

2017-01-01

Staphylococcus aureus is a serious human pathogen with remarkable adaptive powers. Antibiotic-resistant clones rapidly emerge mainly by acquisition of antibiotic-resistance genes from other S. aureus strains or even from other genera. Transfer is mediated by a diverse complement of mobile genetic...... of plasmids that can be transferred by conjugation and the efficiency with which transduction occurs. Here, we review the main routes of antibiotic resistance gene transfer in S. aureus in the context of its biology as a human commensal and a life-threatening pathogen. Staphylococcus aureus cells...... are effective in exchanging mobile genetic elements, including antibiotic-resistance genes.During colonization or infection of host organisms, the exchange appears to be particularly effective.Bacteriophage-mediated transfer involves both transduction and autotransduction, which may enable lysogenic S. aureus...

Methicillin-Susceptible, Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Brazil

OpenAIRE

Panesso , Diana; Planet , Paul J.; Diaz , Lorena; Hugonnet , Jean-Emannuel; Tran , Truc T.; Narechania , Apurva; Munita , José M.; Rincon , Sandra; Carvajal , Lina P.; Reyes , Jinnethe; Londono , Alejandra; Smith , Hannah; Sebra , Robert; Deikus , Gintaras; Weinstock , George M

2015-01-01

International audience; We report characterization of a methicillin-susceptible, vancomycin-resistant bloodstream isolate of Staphylococcus aureus recovered from a patient in Brazil. Emergence of vancomycin resistance in methicillin-susceptible S. aureus would indicate that this resistance trait might be poised to disseminate more rapidly among S. aureus and represents a major public health threat.

[Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus among food service workers].

Science.gov (United States)

Alarcón-Lavín, María Paula; Oyarzo, Carolina; Escudero, Carlos; Cerda-Leal, Fabiola; Valenzuela, Francisco J

2017-12-01

Background Staphylococcus aureus produces 11 serotypes of endotoxins that may cause food poisoning. Aim To determine the prevalence of type A enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus carriage among food service workers in Chillan, Chile. Material and Methods Pharyngeal swabs were obtained from 100 food service workers and were cultured in Agar plates. After identifying the presence of Staphylococcus aureus, DNA was extracted to identify type A toxin by conventional PCR. Results Thirty eight percent of samples were colonized with Staphylococcus aureus. Among these, 26% were toxin A producers. Conclusions Half of the sampled workers carried Staphylococcus aureus and a quarter of these produced type A enterotoxin.

De como a letra pode fazer frente ao arquivo: escritura e repetição no K, de Kucinski

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Elielson Figueiredo

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Abordamos o romance K, de Bernardo Kucinsk, a fim de compreendê-lo como Escritura dissidente e resistente cuja Assinatura sob o nome do autor é a própria Repetição dos procedimentos narrativos que costumeiramente são adotados pela ficção em torno dos arché de poder institucional. Tentamos teorizar o conceito de Arquivo segundo as reflexões de Derrida para melhor compreendermos a Escritura de Kucinski como texto nascido da experiência sensível das vítimas da repressão ditatorial militar brasileira. Ao mesmo tempo buscamos investigar de que maneira o K é também Repetição de uma Assinatura da culpa de quem sobrevive a catástrofes. Assim, parece-nos, preliminarmente, que a ficção do K é um acontecimento singular, como ocorre sempre que estamos diante de um relato baseado na experiência catastrófica. Este artigo procura dizer como se configura essa Assinatura e como sua Repetição não anula a Escritura como evento único e tampouco se deixa absorver pela autoridade do Arquivo.

Petrifilm rapid S. aureus Count Plate method for rapid enumeration of Staphylococcus aureus in selected foods: collaborative study.

Science.gov (United States)

Silbernagel, K M; Lindberg, K G

2001-01-01

A rehydratable dry-film plating method for Staphylococcus aureus in foods, the 3M Petrifilm Rapid S. aureus Count Plate method, was compared with AOAC Official Method 975.55 (Staphylococcus aureus in Foods). Nine foods-instant nonfat dried milk, dry seasoned vegetable coating, frozen hash browns, frozen cooked chicken patty, frozen ground raw pork, shredded cheddar cheese, fresh green beans, pasta filled with beef and cheese, and egg custard-were analyzed for S. aureus by 13 collaborating laboratories. For each food tested, the collaborators received 8 blind test samples consisting of a control sample and 3 levels of inoculated test sample, each in duplicate. The mean log counts for the methods were comparable for pasta filled with beef and cheese; frozen hash browns; cooked chicken patty; egg custard; frozen ground raw pork; and instant nonfat dried milk. The repeatability and reproducibility variances of the Petrifilm Rapid S. aureus Count Plate method were similar to those of the standard method.

Conjunctival endogenous microbiota in patients submitted to cataract surgery Microbiota endógena conjuntival em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de catarata

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Claudete I. Locatelli

2003-07-01

Full Text Available Bacterial isolation, identification and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were carried out in ocular material collected with swab and polimethylmethacrylate (PMMA or silicone intraocular lenses (IOL from forty six patients submitted to cataract surgery. Seventy six isolates and seven different microorganisms were identified. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS were the predominant microorganisms isolated from swabs (71.4% of cases, PMMA lenses (81.3% and silicon lenses (77.8%. Coagulase-negative staphylococci isolates revealed high resistance to penicillin G followed by tetracycline, chloramphenicol and aminoglicosides. However, these isolates displayed great susceptibility to vancomycin, cephalothin and ofloxacin. Except for penicillin G, Staphylococcus aureus was very sensitive to the antimicrobial agents including oxacillin. Among Gram-negatives, Proteus mirabilis was prevalent and presented high resistance to tetracycline and chloramphenicol. Enterococcus isolates were vancomycin sensitive.A partir de material ocular coletado de 46 pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de catarata foram realizados isolamento, identificação e teste de susceptibilidade de microrganismos frente a antimicrobianos, utilizando-se suabes e lentes intraoculares (LIO. Foram obtidos 76 isolados e identificados 7 tipos de microrganismos. Estafilococos coagulase-negativos (CNS foram os microrganismos mais freqüentemente detectados de suabes (71,4% dos casos, lentes de PMMA (81,3% e lentes de silicone (77,8%. Isolados de CNS apresentaram elevada resistência à penicilina G, seguida por tetraciclina, cloranfenicol e aminoglicosídeos. No entanto, estes isolados mostraram grande sensibilidade à vancomicina, cefalotina e ofloxacina. Com exceção da penicilina G, os isolados de Staphylococcus aureus foram bastante sensíveis aos agentes antimicrobianos, incluindo a oxacilina. Entre as gram-negativas, Proteus mirabilis foi a bactéria mais freqüente e também se mostrou

Molecular Characterization of Endocarditis-Associated Staphylococcus aureus

Science.gov (United States)

Nethercott, Cara; Mabbett, Amanda N.; Totsika, Makrina; Peters, Paul; Ortiz, Juan C.; Nimmo, Graeme R.; Coombs, Geoffrey W.

2013-01-01

Infective endocarditis (IE) is a life-threatening infection of the heart endothelium and valves. Staphylococcus aureus is a predominant cause of severe IE and is frequently associated with infections in health care settings and device-related infections. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST), spa typing, and virulence gene microarrays are frequently used to classify S. aureus clinical isolates. This study examined the utility of these typing tools to investigate S. aureus epidemiology associated with IE. Ninety-seven S. aureus isolates were collected from patients diagnosed with (i) IE, (ii) bloodstream infection related to medical devices, (iii) bloodstream infection not related to medical devices, and (iv) skin or soft-tissue infections. The MLST clonal complex (CC) for each isolate was determined and compared to the CCs of members of the S. aureus population by eBURST analysis. The spa type of all isolates was also determined. A null model was used to determine correlations of IE with CC and spa type. DNA microarray analysis was performed, and a permutational analysis of multivariate variance (PERMANOVA) and principal coordinates analysis were conducted to identify genotypic differences between IE and non-IE strains. CC12, CC20, and spa type t160 were significantly associated with IE S. aureus. A subset of virulence-associated genes and alleles, including genes encoding staphylococcal superantigen-like proteins, fibrinogen-binding protein, and a leukocidin subunit, also significantly correlated with IE isolates. MLST, spa typing, and microarray analysis are promising tools for monitoring S. aureus epidemiology associated with IE. Further research to determine a role for the S. aureus IE-associated virulence genes identified in this study is warranted. PMID:23616460

Molecular characterization of endocarditis-associated Staphylococcus aureus.

Science.gov (United States)

Nethercott, Cara; Mabbett, Amanda N; Totsika, Makrina; Peters, Paul; Ortiz, Juan C; Nimmo, Graeme R; Coombs, Geoffrey W; Walker, Mark J; Schembri, Mark A

2013-07-01

Infective endocarditis (IE) is a life-threatening infection of the heart endothelium and valves. Staphylococcus aureus is a predominant cause of severe IE and is frequently associated with infections in health care settings and device-related infections. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST), spa typing, and virulence gene microarrays are frequently used to classify S. aureus clinical isolates. This study examined the utility of these typing tools to investigate S. aureus epidemiology associated with IE. Ninety-seven S. aureus isolates were collected from patients diagnosed with (i) IE, (ii) bloodstream infection related to medical devices, (iii) bloodstream infection not related to medical devices, and (iv) skin or soft-tissue infections. The MLST clonal complex (CC) for each isolate was determined and compared to the CCs of members of the S. aureus population by eBURST analysis. The spa type of all isolates was also determined. A null model was used to determine correlations of IE with CC and spa type. DNA microarray analysis was performed, and a permutational analysis of multivariate variance (PERMANOVA) and principal coordinates analysis were conducted to identify genotypic differences between IE and non-IE strains. CC12, CC20, and spa type t160 were significantly associated with IE S. aureus. A subset of virulence-associated genes and alleles, including genes encoding staphylococcal superantigen-like proteins, fibrinogen-binding protein, and a leukocidin subunit, also significantly correlated with IE isolates. MLST, spa typing, and microarray analysis are promising tools for monitoring S. aureus epidemiology associated with IE. Further research to determine a role for the S. aureus IE-associated virulence genes identified in this study is warranted.

Surveillance van meticilline resistente Staphylococcus aureus in Nederland in 1991

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Frenay HME; van Leeuwen WJ; Schot CS; Rost JA; van Klingeren B

1992-01-01

The surveillance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureaus (MRSA) in Dutch hospitals was continued in 1991. In this year 211 MRSA-isolates were received from fifty-three hospitals. Phage-pattern and antibiogram were determined for all MRSA-isolates. Sixty-six different phage-types were

Subinhibitory quinupristin/dalfopristin attenuates virulence of Staphylococcus aureus.

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Koszczol, Carmen; Bernardo, Katussevani; Krönke, Martin; Krut, Oleg

2006-09-01

The semi-synthetic streptogramin quinupristin/dalfopristin antibiotic exerts potent bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus. We investigated whether, like other bactericidal antibiotics used at subinhibitory concentrations, quinupristin/dalfopristin enhances release of toxins by Gram-positive cocci. The activity of quinupristin/dalfopristin on exotoxin release by S. aureus was investigated by 2D SDS-PAGE combined with MALDI-TOF/MS analysis and by western blotting. We show that quinupristin/dalfopristin at subinhibitory concentrations reduces the release of S. aureus factors that induce tumour necrosis factor secretion in macrophages. Furthermore, quinupristin/dalfopristin but not linezolid attenuated S. aureus-mediated killing of infected host cells. When added to S. aureus cultures at different stages of bacterial growth, quinupristin/dalfopristin reduced in a dose-dependent manner the release of specific virulence factors (e.g. autolysin, protein A, alpha- and beta-haemolysins, lipases). In contrast, other presumably non-toxic exoproteins remained unchanged. The results of the present study suggest that subinhibitory quinupristin/dalfopristin inhibits virulence factor release by S. aureus, which might be especially helpful for the treatment of S. aureus infections, where both bactericidal as well as anti-toxin activity may be advantageous.

Staphylococcus aureus and healthcare-associated infections

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Ekkelenkamp, M.B.

2011-01-01

Many medical procedures breach or suppress patients’ natural defences, leaving them vulnerable to infections which would not occur in healthy humans: “healthcare-associated infections”. Healthcare-associated infections caused by the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) are probably the most

The sensitivity status of community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Community acquired Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from various infectious sites in two private laboratories in Kano-city, Nigeria. A total of 247 (11%) Staphylococcu aureus isolates were recovered from all infectious sites except cerebro-spinal fluid. The least Staphylococcus aureus isolates were found in urine ...

Molecular Characterization of Endocarditis-Associated Staphylococcus aureus

OpenAIRE

Nethercott, Cara; Mabbett, Amanda N.; Totsika, Makrina; Peters, Paul; Ortiz, Juan C.; Nimmo, Graeme R.; Coombs, Geoffrey W.; Walker, Mark J.; Schembri, Mark A.

2013-01-01

Infective endocarditis (IE) is a life-threatening infection of the heart endothelium and valves. Staphylococcus aureus is a predominant cause of severe IE and is frequently associated with infections in health care settings and device-related infections. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST), spa typing, and virulence gene microarrays are frequently used to classify S. aureus clinical isolates. This study examined the utility of these typing tools to investigate S. aureus epidemiology associated ...

Staphylococcus aureus Central Nervous System Infections in Children.

Science.gov (United States)

Vallejo, Jesus G; Cain, Alexandra N; Mason, Edward O; Kaplan, Sheldon L; Hultén, Kristina G

2017-10-01

Central nervous system (CNS) infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus are uncommon in pediatric patients. We review the epidemiology, clinical features and treatment in 68 patients with a S. aureus CNS infection evaluated at Texas Children's Hospital. Cases of CNS infection in children with positive cerebrospinal fluid cultures or spinal epidural abscess (SEA) for S. aureus at Texas Children's Hospital from 2001 to 2013 were reviewed. Seventy cases of S. aureus CNS infection occurred in 68 patients. Forty-nine cases (70%) were secondary to a CNS device, 5 (7.1%) were postoperative meningitis, 9 (12.8%) were hematogenous meningitis and 7 (10%) were SEAs. Forty-seven (67.2%) were caused by methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) and 23 (32.8%) by methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Community-acquired infections were more often caused by MRSA that was clone USA300/pvl. Most patients were treated with nafcillin (MSSA) or vancomycin (MRSA) with or without rifampin. Among patients with MRSA infection, 50% had a serum vancomycin trough obtained with the median level being 10.6 μg/mL (range: 5.4-15.7 μg/mL). Only 1 death was associated with S. aureus infection. The epidemiology of invasive of S. aureus infections continues to evolve with MSSA accounting for most of the infections in this series. The majority of cases were associated with neurosurgical procedures; however, hematogenous S. aureus meningitis and SEA occurred as community-acquired infections in patients without predisposing factors. Patients with MRSA CNS infections had a favorable response to vancomycin, but the beneficial effect of combination therapy or targeting vancomycin trough concentrations of 15-20 μg/mL remains unclear.

The human nasal microbiota and Staphylococcus aureus carriage.

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Daniel N Frank

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Colonization of humans with Staphylococcus aureus is a critical prerequisite of subsequent clinical infection of the skin, blood, lung, heart and other deep tissues. S. aureus persistently or intermittently colonizes the nares of approximately 50% of healthy adults, whereas approximately 50% of the general population is rarely or never colonized by this pathogen. Because microbial consortia within the nasal cavity may be an important determinant of S. aureus colonization we determined the composition and dynamics of the nasal microbiota and correlated specific microorganisms with S. aureus colonization. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Nasal specimens were collected longitudinally from five healthy adults and a cross-section of hospitalized patients (26 S. aureus carriers and 16 non-carriers. Culture-independent analysis of 16S rRNA sequences revealed that the nasal microbiota of healthy subjects consists primarily of members of the phylum Actinobacteria (e.g., Propionibacterium spp. and Corynebacterium spp., with proportionally less representation of other phyla, including Firmicutes (e.g., Staphylococcus spp. and Proteobacteria (e.g. Enterobacter spp. In contrast, inpatient nasal microbiotas were enriched in S. aureus or Staphylococcus epidermidis and diminished in several actinobacterial groups, most notably Propionibacterium acnes. Moreover, within the inpatient population S. aureus colonization was negatively correlated with the abundances of several microbial groups, including S. epidermidis (p = 0.004. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The nares environment is colonized by a temporally stable microbiota that is distinct from other regions of the integument. Negative association between S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and other groups suggests microbial competition during colonization of the nares, a finding that could be exploited to limit S. aureus colonization.

Determinação da produção de metalo-b-lactamases em amostras de Pseudomonas aeruginosa isoladas em João Pessoa, Paraíba

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Santos Filho Lauro

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Bactérias produtoras de metalo-beta-lactamases (MBLs são em grande parte resistentes aos betalactâmicos de largo espectro, incluindo oximino-aminotiazol cefalosporinas e também aos carbapenens. O objetivo deste trabalho foi detectar cepas de Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistentes ao imipenem e à ceftazidima, assim como identificar aquelas produtoras de MBLs. Foram estudadas 198 linhagens não-repetitivas isoladas de diversas amostras clínicas, hospitalares e comunitárias, identificadas bioquimicamente por técnicas de rotina. A triagem para a detecção de amostras produtoras de MBLs foi realizada pelo método de dupla difusão proposto por Arakawa et al. (2000 e modificado por Nakajima et al. (2001, utilizando discos contendo mercaptoacetato de sódio. Foi detectado um percentual de resistência de 19,7% (39/198 ao imipenem e de 15,2% (30/198 à ceftazidima, com 10,1% (20/198 de resistência cruzada aos dois antimicrobianos. Entre estas amostras, 2% (4/198 demonstraram produção de MBLs e padrão de multirresistência. A detecção destas amostras configura um problema emergente, com importantes implicações na terapêutica antimicrobiana, necessitando, portanto, de maior investigação através de metodologia molecular, para melhor caracterizar a extensão do problema.

Staphylococcus aureus shifts towards commensalism in response to Corynebacterium species

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Matthew M Ramsey

2016-08-01

Full Text Available Staphylococcus aureus–human interactions result in a continuum of outcomes from commensalism to pathogenesis. S. aureus is a clinically important pathogen that asymptomatically colonizes ~25% of humans as a member of the nostril and skin microbiota, where it resides with other bacteria including commensal Corynebacterium species. Commensal Corynebacterium spp. are also positively correlated with S. aureus in chronic polymicrobial diabetic foot infections, distinct from acute monomicrobial S. aureus infections. Recent work by our lab and others indicates that microbe-microbe interactions between S. aureus and human skin/nasal commensals, including Corynebacterium species, affect S. aureus behavior and fitness. Thus, we hypothesized that S. aureus interactions with Corynebacterium spp. diminish S. aureus virulence. We tested this by assaying for changes in S. aureus gene expression during in vitro mono- versus coculture with Corynebacterium striatum, a common skin and nasal commensal. We observed a broad shift in S. aureus gene transcription during in vitro growth with C. striatum, including increased transcription of genes known to exhibit increased expression during human nasal colonization and decreased transcription of virulence genes. S. aureus uses several regulatory pathways to transition between commensal and pathogenic states. One of these, the quorum signal accessory gene regulator (agr system, was strongly inhibited in response to Corynebacterium spp. Phenotypically, S. aureus exposed to C. striatum exhibited increased adhesion to epithelial cells, reflecting a commensal state, and decreased hemolysin activity, reflecting an attenuation of virulence. Consistent with this, S. aureus displayed diminished fitness in experimental in vivo coinfection with C. striatum when compared to monoinfection. These data support a model in which S. aureus shifts from virulence towards a commensal state when exposed to commensal Corynebacterium species.

Prevalência da adesão ao tratamento anti-hipertensivo em hipertensos resistentes e validação de três métodos indiretos de avaliação da adesão Prevalence of anti-hypertensive treatment adherence in patients with resistant hypertension and validation of three indirect methods for assessing treatment adherence

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Katia Vergetti Bloch

2008-12-01

Full Text Available O estudo estimou a adesão ao tratamento anti-hipertensivo farmacológico utilizando-se três métodos indiretos em uma coorte de hipertensos resistentes no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, 2005. Os métodos foram: avaliação pelo paciente; avaliação do médico; teste de Morisky-Green (TMG adaptado para a língua portuguesa. Foi realizada validação preditiva comparando-se a diferença tanto de pressões de consultório como de monitorização de 24 horas (MAPA, em duas ocasiões, de pacientes com e sem adesão. As médias de pressões entre os grupos foram comparadas usando-se testes não-paramétricos. Foram entrevistados 200 pacientes com idade média de 63 anos (DP = 10,3, 73,5% do sexo feminino. A prevalência de adesão foi de 51% pelo TMG, 52% pelo médico e 80,5% pelo paciente. Ocorreram reduções das pressões arteriais de consultório e na MAPA dos pacientes com adesão por todos os métodos, mas não para os não-aderentes. O emprego de mais de um método para avaliação da adesão mostrou que indivíduos não-aderentes pelos três métodos (11,9% tiveram pior evolução dos níveis tensionais. Esse achado sugere que a hipertensão resistente não pode ser atribuída unicamente à baixa adesão.This study estimated adherence to anti-hypertensive medication using three indirect methods and their combinations in a cohort of patients with resistant hypertension in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2005. The methods used were: self-reported adherence; physicians' adherence evaluation; and the Morisky-Green test (MGT translated into Portuguese. The predictive validation was performed comparing office blood pressure and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, measured on two different occasions, from patients classified as adherent or not. The means were compared using non-parametric tests. Two hundred patients were interviewed. Mean age was 63 years (SD = 10.3, and 73.5% were female. Adherence prevalence was 51% using MGT, 52% according to the physician

Dermoscopy of lichen aureus Dermatoscopia do liquen aureus

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Poliana Santin Portela

2013-04-01

Full Text Available Lichen aureus (also called "lichen purpuricus" is an uncommon subtype of pigmented purpuric dermatosis. Clinically characterized by rust macules, papules or plaques, it is a chronic disease which more often affects young adults and is localized mainly on the lower extremities. The diagnosis is made on the basis of clinical and histopathological features. Dermoscopy findings are useful to confirm clinical diagnosis.O líquen aureus (também denominado "liquen purpuricus" é um subtipo pouco comum entre as dermatoses purpúricas pigmentadas. Clinicamente caracterizado por máculas, pápulas ou placas de coloração ferruginosa, é doença crônica, que acomete mais frequentemente adultos jovens e localiza-se principalmente nos membros inferiores. O diagnóstico pode ser feito a partir das características clínicas e histopatológicas, sendo os achados dermatoscópicos úteis para corroborar o diagnóstico clínico.

Population structure of Staphylococcus aureus in China

OpenAIRE

Yan, Xiaomei

2015-01-01

The present PhD research was aimed at analysing the population structure of Staphylococcus aureus in China. Between 2000 and 2005 we found that patients from a single Chinese hospital showed increasing trends in antimicrobial resistance. Among methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), resistance against rifampicin doubled to 68%. Staphylococcal food poisoning (SFP) is frequent in China. Two predominant S. aureus lineages, ST6 and ST943, were identified causing outbreaks of SFP in Southern China...

Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus isolates in a hospital of shanghai.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Xiaoguang; Ouyang, Lin; Luo, Lingfei; Liu, Jiqian; Song, Chiping; Li, Cuizhen; Yan, Hongjing; Wang, Ping

2017-01-24

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains are now common both in the health care setting and in the community. Active surveillance is critical for MRSA control and prevention. Specimens of patients (200 patients with 1119 specimens) as well as medical staff and hospital setting (1000 specimens) were randomly sampled in a level 2 hospital in Shanghai from September 2011 to August 2012. Isolation, cultivation and identification of S. aureus were performed. Totally, 67 S. aureus strains were isolated. 32 S. aureus strains were isolated from patient samples; 13 (13/32, 40.6%) of the 32 S. aureus isolates were MRSA; sputum sample and patients in the department of general internal medicine were the most frequent specimen and patient group for S. aureus strains isolation. Remaining 35 S. aureus strains were isolated from the medical staff and hospital setting; 20 (20/35, 57.1%) of the 35 S. aureus isolates were MRSA; specimens sampled from doctors and nurses' hands and nose and hospital facilities were the most frequent samples to isolate S. aureus. Resistant and virulent genes detection showed that, all 33 MRSA strains were mecA positive which accounts for 49.3% of the 67 S. aureus strains; 38 isolates were Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) gene positive which accounts for 56.7% of the 67 S. aureus strains; and 17 (17/67, 25.4%) isolates are mecA and PVL genes dual positive. Multidrug-resistant strains of MRSA and PVL positive S. aureus are common in patients, medical staff and hospital setting, the potential health threat is worthy of our attention.

Efeitos da administração de vitamina E na infecção mamária e na contagem de células somáticas de cabras primíparas desafiadas experimentalmente com Staphylococcus aureus Effects of administration of vitamin E on mammary health and milk cell counts of first parturition goats experimentally challenged with Staphylococcus aureus

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P.R.O. Paes

2003-02-01

Full Text Available O trabalho teve por objetivo estudar os efeitos da administração de vitamina E sobre a contagem de células somáticas e a infecção da glândula mamária de cabras primíparas desafiadas com a inoculação intramamária de Staphylococcus aureus ao 10º dia pós-parto. Vinte e oito animais foram divididos em quatro grupos, cada um composto por sete cabras primíparas da raça Saanen, como segue: grupo-controle, grupo de animais suplementados com vitamina E, grupo de animais desafiados com S.aureus inoculados na glândula mamária e grupo de animais suplementados com vitamina E e desafiados com S.aureus na glândula mamária. Na segunda e terceira semanas de lactação, a inoculação de S.aureus na glândula mamária permitiu a recuperação do microrganismo no leite e elevou a contagem de células somáticas (CCS. A liberação de S.aureus no leite ocorreu de maneira intermitente. Em animais suplementados com vitamina E, o desafio com S.aureus resultou em CCS mais baixa e menor número de microrganismos no leite. Sugere-se que a CCS possa ser utilizada para a detecção da mastite caprina, devendo-se utilizar contagens superiores a 1,0x10(6células/ml de leite como critério para a realização de exames microbiológicos.The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of administration of vitamin E on mammary health and milk cell counts of first parturition Saanen goats, experimentally challenged with intramammary inoculation of Staphylococcus aureus on the 10th day postpartum. Twenty-eight animals were distributed into four groups: control group, a group supplemented with vitamin E, a group inoculated with S.aureus and a group supplemented with vitamin E and inoculated with S.aureus. The results demonstrated that, after inoculation of S.aureus into the mammary gland, the microorganism was recovered from the milk, and the somatic cell count was increased. The recovery of S.aureus from milk was intermittent. The increase in

Nuevos genotipos de arroz resistentes a la Piriculariosis obtenidos por cultivo de anteras

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Rodolfo I Castro

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Título en inglés: New blast resistant rice genotypes obtained by and anthers culture. Resumen: En la Estación Experimental del Arroz Los Palacios, perteneciente al Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Agrícolas de Cuba (INCA, se efectuaron cruzamientos entre cuatro cultivares resistentes a la Piriculariosis y seis de buen comportamiento agronómico y las anteras de las plantas F2 fueron cultivadas in vitro para evaluar la formación de callos en tres medios líquidos: N6-1, N6-m y NL, así como la regeneración de plantas verdes y albinas, en el medio MS. Las dos primeras generaciones de las nuevas líneas obtenidas fueron evaluadas para caracteres agronómicos y la segunda generación, además, para resistencia frente a la  Piriculariosis. Las líneas que combinaron resistencia a la Piriculariosis y buenos caracteres agronómicos fueron evaluadas en condiciones de infección natural, con alta presión del patógeno. La utilización de la técnica del cultivo de anteras mostró alta dependencia del genotipo y el medio de cultivo. Con el medio NL se lograron los valores más altos para la formación de callos. Se obtuvieron nuevos genotipos resistentes a la Piriculariosis y  de alto rendimiento agrícola. Palabras clave: Arroz; Mejoramiento genético; Cultivo in Vitro de anteras Summary: Crosses were made between four blast resistant and six rice varieties of good agronomic performance, at the Los Palacios Rice Research Station of the National Agricultural Sciences Institute of Cuba (INCA and the anthers from F2 plants were in vitro culture using three liquid media: N6-1, N6m, and NL, for callus formation and after plants regenerations using MS medium. The first two generations of breeding lines were evaluated for agronomic characters and the second generations, also, for Blast resistant. The lines that combined resistance to Blast and good agronomic performance were evaluated under high pressure of natural Blast infection conditions. The success

Prevalence and characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization among a community-based diabetes population in Foshan, China.

Science.gov (United States)

Lin, Jialing; Xu, Ping; Peng, Yang; Lin, Dongxin; Ou, Qianting; Zhang, Ting; Bai, Chan; Ye, Xiaohua; Zhou, Junli; Yao, Zhenjiang

2017-05-01

Evidence suggests that diabetes might cause an increase in colonization of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in community settings. We carried out a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence and influencing factors of S. aureus and MRSA nasal colonization among a community-based diabetes population, and to identify the characteristics of the isolated strains. A total of 956 participants from 11 community settings were included in the study. Of the 529 diabetes participants, 46 were colonized with S. aureus and 22 were colonized with MRSA. Of the 427 non-diabetes participants, 25 were colonized with S. aureus and 12 were colonized with MRSA. Men (odds ratio 0.45, 95% confidence interval 0.20-0.99, P = 0.047) were less likely to have S. aureus nasal colonization, and those with well-controlled blood glucose (odds ratio 2.04, 95% confidence interval 1.01-4.13, P = 0.047) among the diabetes population were more likely to have S. aureus nasal colonization. The proportion of multidrug-resistant S. aureus strains in the diabetes population (52.17%) was higher than that in the non-diabetes population (28.00%; χ 2 = 3.848, P = 0.050). The most common clonal complex type and Staphylococcal chromosome cassette mec type of MRSA in diabetes population was clonal complex 5 (40.91%) and type IV (27.27%), respectively. The proportion of Panton-Valentine leukocidin gene in MRSA strains was 17.65%. There was great sequence type diversity in MRSA strains. The prevalence of MRSA in the community-based diabetes population was moderate, and the high proportions of multidrug-resistant S. aureus strains and diverse molecular characteristics in the diabetes population should be noticed. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Diabetes Investigation published by Asian Association for the Study of Diabetes (AASD) and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.

Antimicrobial resistance and mecA characterization of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus and non-S. aureus of beef meat origin in Egypt

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Kamelia Mahmoud Osman

2016-02-01

Full Text Available Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA have been found in various farm animal species throughout the world. Yet, methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA, methicillin-susceptible non-S. aureus (MS-NSA and methicillin-resistant non-S. aureus (MR-NSA were not investigated. Therefore, we persued to determine the diversity in theirphenotypic virulence assay, phenotypic antimicrobial resistance profile and molecular characterisation in one of the food chains in Egypt. Samples were collected during 2013 from beef meat at retail. Twenty seven isolates comprising five species (S. hyicus, S. aureus, S. schleiferi subsp. coagulans, S. intermedius and S. lentus were characterized for their antibiotic resistance phenotypic profile and antibiotic resistance genes (mecA, cfr, gyrA, gyrB and grlA. Out of the 27 Staphylococcus isolates only one isolate was resistant to the 12 antibiotics representing nine classes. Raw beef meat sold across the Great Cairo zone, contains 66.7% of MRS, with highest prevalence was reported in S. aureus (66.7%, while the MRS non-S. aureus strains constituted 66.7% from which S. hyicus (60%, S. intermedius (33.3%, S. schleiferi subsp. coagulans (100% and S. lentus (100% were MRS. Seven S. aureus, six S. hyicus, four S. schleiferi subsp. coagulans, three S. intermedius and one S. lentus isolates although being resistant to oxacillin yet, 11/27 (40.7% carried the mecA gene. At the same time, the cfr gene was present in 2 of the nine S. aureus isolates, and totally undetectable in S. hyicus, S. schleiferi subsp. coagulans, S. intermedius and S. lentus. Although global researches largely focused into MRSA and MR-NSA in animals on pigs, the analysis of our results stipulates that buffaloes and cattle could be MRSA dispersers and that this theme is not specific to pigs. Detection of MSSA virulence determinants is a must, as although oxacillin resistance may be absent yet, the MSSA may carry the virulence determinants which could

Estudo teórico-experimental da contribuição da armadura para a capacidade resistente de vigas parcialmente revestidas

OpenAIRE

Leandro de Amorim Cavalcanti

2010-01-01

Este trabalho tem por objetivo investigar a contribuição da armadura para a capacidade resistente de vigas mistas parcialmente revestidas, bem como sua eficiência para promover o comportamento conjunto aço-concreto, imprescindível para a obtenção de vigas mistas. O estudo engloba uma investigação experimental com ensaios de vigas sob flexão em quatro pontos e uma simulação numérica utilizando o pacote computacional DIANA®, visando obter dados do comportamento de vigas mistas parcialmente reve...

Lysionotin attenuates Staphylococcus aureus pathogenicity by inhibiting α-toxin expression.

Science.gov (United States)

Teng, Zihao; Shi, Dongxue; Liu, Huanyu; Shen, Ziying; Zha, Yonghong; Li, Wenhua; Deng, Xuming; Wang, Jianfeng

2017-09-01

α-Toxin, one of the best known pore-forming proteins produced by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), is a critical virulence factor in multiple infections. The necessity of α-toxin for S. aureus pathogenicity suggests that this toxin is an important target for the development of a potential treatment strategy. In this study, we showed that lysionotin, a natural compound, can inhibit the hemolytic activity of culture supernatants by S. aureus by reducing α-toxin expression. Using real-time PCR analysis, we showed that transcription of hla (the gene encoding α-toxin) and agr (the locus regulating hla) was significantly inhibited by lysionotin. Lactate dehydrogenase and live/dead assays indicated that lysionotin effectively protected human alveolar epithelial cells against S. aureus, and in vivo studies also demonstrated that lysionotin can protect mice from pneumonia caused by S. aureus. These findings suggest that lysionotin is an efficient inhibitor of α-toxin expression and shows significant protection against S. aureus in vitro and in vivo. This study supports a potential strategy for the treatment of S. aureus infection by inhibiting the expression of virulence factors and indicates that lysionotin may be a potential treatment for S. aureus pneumonia.

Evolution of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus towards increasing resistance

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Strommenger, Birgit; Bartels, Mette Damkjær; Kurt, Kevin

2014-01-01

To elucidate the evolutionary history of Staphylococcus aureus clonal complex (CC) 8, which encompasses several globally distributed epidemic lineages, including hospital-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and the highly prevalent community-associated MRSA clone USA300.......To elucidate the evolutionary history of Staphylococcus aureus clonal complex (CC) 8, which encompasses several globally distributed epidemic lineages, including hospital-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and the highly prevalent community-associated MRSA clone USA300....

Nasal Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage among college student athletes in northern Taiwan

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Hong-Kai Wang

2017-08-01

Full Text Available Of 259 college students in northern Taiwan surveyed, nasal carriage rate of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA was 22.4% and 1.54%, respectively and no significant difference was found between athlete students and non-athlete students. Three of four MRSA isolates belonged to sequence type 59, the endemic community clone.

Silver nanoparticles for the inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus

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Miguel Ángel Ortiz-Gila

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Existe un gran ecosistema microbiano en la cavidad oral donde Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus se puede encontrar, causando patologías orales tales como quelitis angular, las paperas y la mucositis estafilocócica. Estas enfermedades producidas por S. aureus en la cavidad oral son consecuencia de los factores de virulencia, toxinas y multiresistencia a los antibióticos, lo que contribuye a la infección. La colonización en la cavidad oral por S. aureus en pacientes sanos es de 24% a 36%. Sin embargo, la incidencia aumenta a 48% en pacientes con prótesis debido a la formación de biofilms en la superficie de las dentaduras postizas. Actualmente, no existe ningún tratamiento para infecciones orales sin el uso de antibióticos. Investigaciones recientes indican que las nanopartículas de plata (AgNPs son un material o estrategia para eliminar S. aureus debido a su efecto antibacteriano. Sin embargo, el mecanismo del efecto inhibidor de los iones de Ag sobre S. aureus es sólo parcialmente conocida y muy poco se ha informado. Por lo tanto, el propósito de la presente revisión sistemática es determinar las estrategias y retos de la utilización de biomateriales antimicrobianos con AgNPs frente a las infecciones orales de S. aureus.

Communications of Staphylococcus aureus and non-aureus Staphylococcus species from bovine intramammary infections and teat apex colonization

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Mahmmod, Yasser S.; Klaas, Ilka Christine; Svennesen, Line

2018-01-01

The role of non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) in the risk of acquisition of intramammary infections with Staphylococcus aureus is vague and still under debate. The objectives of this study were to (1) investigate the distribution patterns of NAS species from milk and teat skin in dairy herds with au...

Tratamiento con estatinas en pacientes pediátricos con síndrome nefrótico resistente a esteroides. Reporte de dos casos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

C Sánchez-García

2017-01-01

Full Text Available El síndrome nefrótico se define por la asociación de proteinuria, hipoalbuminemia, hiperlipidemia y edema. El 80% de los pacientes pediátricos con síndrome nefrótico primario responde a la terapia con esteroides; el 20% restante requiere asociar otros medicamentos para alcanzar la remisión (ciclofosfamida, ciclosporina. La hiperlipidemia en el síndrome nefrótico es debida tanto a un incremento en la síntesis acompañada de disminución en la eliminación de los lípidos de la sangre; siendo la causa directa de esto la proteinuria. La hiperlipidemia incrementa el riesgo cardiovascular, así como el daño glomerular. Con base en esto, la hiperlipidemia persistente en el síndrome nefrótico resistente a esteroides debe ser tratada. Los inhibidores de la 3-hidroxi-3-metilglutaril-coenzima A (HMG-CoA reductasa han demostrado efecto antiinflamatorio, inmunomodulador y antiproliferativo. Por ello el papel de las estatinas en el síndrome nefrótico va más allá de su efecto hipolipemiante. Presentamos dos casos de pacientes pediátricos con diagnóstico de síndrome nefrótico resistente a esteroides y su evolución durante el tratamiento con ciclosporina y estatinas.

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Ethiopia: a meta-analysis.

Science.gov (United States)

Eshetie, Setegn; Tarekegn, Fentahun; Moges, Feleke; Amsalu, Anteneh; Birhan, Wubet; Huruy, Kahsay

2016-11-21

The burden of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a major public health concern worldwide; however the overall epidemiology of multidrug resistant strains is neither coordinated nor harmonized, particularly in developing countries including Ethiopia. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the burden of methicillin resistant Staphylococcos aureus and its antibiotic resistance pattern in Ethiopia at large. PubMed, Google Scholar, and lancet databases were searched and a total of 20 studies have been selected for meta-analysis. Six authors have independently extracts data on the prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus among clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. Statistical analysis was achieved by using Open meta-analyst (version 3.13) and Comprehensive meta-analysis (version 3.3) softwares. The overall prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and its antibiotic resistance pattern were pooled by using the forest plot, table and figure with 95% CI. The pooled prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus was 32.5% (95% CI, 24.1 to 40.9%). Moreover, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains were found to be highly resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, and amoxicillin, with a pooled resistance ratio of 99.1, 98.1, 97.2 and 97.1%, respectively. On the other hand, comparably low levels of resistance ratio were noted to vancomycin, 5.3%. The overall burden of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus is considerably high, besides these strains showed extreme resistance to penicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin and amoxicillin. In principle, appropriate use of antibiotics, applying safety precautions are the key to reduce the spread of multidrug resistant strains, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in particular.

Antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus in suppurative ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

1299, p<0.05) and Methicillin resistance was confirmed by PCR. Conclusion: Staphylococcus aureus is highly prevalent and more resistant in inpatients. There is a higher risk of acquiring drug resistant staphylococcus aureus infection in ...

Memory Th1 Cells Are Protective in Invasive Staphylococcus aureus Infection

Science.gov (United States)

Lalor, Stephen J.; Leech, John M.; O’Keeffe, Kate M.; Mac Aogáin, Micheál; O’Halloran, Dara P.; Lacey, Keenan A.; Tavakol, Mehri; Hearnden, Claire H.; Fitzgerald-Hughes, Deirdre; Humphreys, Hilary; Fennell, Jérôme P.; van Wamel, Willem J.; Foster, Timothy J.; Geoghegan, Joan A.; Lavelle, Ed C.; Rogers, Thomas R.; McLoughlin, Rachel M.

2015-01-01

Mechanisms of protective immunity to Staphylococcus aureus infection in humans remain elusive. While the importance of cellular immunity has been shown in mice, T cell responses in humans have not been characterised. Using a murine model of recurrent S. aureus peritonitis, we demonstrated that prior exposure to S. aureus enhanced IFNγ responses upon subsequent infection, while adoptive transfer of S. aureus antigen-specific Th1 cells was protective in naïve mice. Translating these findings, we found that S. aureus antigen-specific Th1 cells were also significantly expanded during human S. aureus bloodstream infection (BSI). These Th1 cells were CD45RO+, indicative of a memory phenotype. Thus, exposure to S. aureus induces memory Th1 cells in mice and humans, identifying Th1 cells as potential S. aureus vaccine targets. Consequently, we developed a model vaccine comprising staphylococcal clumping factor A, which we demonstrate to be an effective human T cell antigen, combined with the Th1-driving adjuvant CpG. This novel Th1-inducing vaccine conferred significant protection during S. aureus infection in mice. This study notably advances our understanding of S. aureus cellular immunity, and demonstrates for the first time that a correlate of S. aureus protective immunity identified in mice may be relevant in humans. PMID:26539822

Memory Th1 Cells Are Protective in Invasive Staphylococcus aureus Infection.

LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

Brown, Aisling F

2015-01-01

Mechanisms of protective immunity to Staphylococcus aureus infection in humans remain elusive. While the importance of cellular immunity has been shown in mice, T cell responses in humans have not been characterised. Using a murine model of recurrent S. aureus peritonitis, we demonstrated that prior exposure to S. aureus enhanced IFNγ responses upon subsequent infection, while adoptive transfer of S. aureus antigen-specific Th1 cells was protective in naïve mice. Translating these findings, we found that S. aureus antigen-specific Th1 cells were also significantly expanded during human S. aureus bloodstream infection (BSI). These Th1 cells were CD45RO+, indicative of a memory phenotype. Thus, exposure to S. aureus induces memory Th1 cells in mice and humans, identifying Th1 cells as potential S. aureus vaccine targets. Consequently, we developed a model vaccine comprising staphylococcal clumping factor A, which we demonstrate to be an effective human T cell antigen, combined with the Th1-driving adjuvant CpG. This novel Th1-inducing vaccine conferred significant protection during S. aureus infection in mice. This study notably advances our understanding of S. aureus cellular immunity, and demonstrates for the first time that a correlate of S. aureus protective immunity identified in mice may be relevant in humans.

A prospective cohort study of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage in neonates: the role of maternal carriage and phenotypic and molecular characteristics

Science.gov (United States)

Lin, Jialing; Wu, Chuanan; Yan, Chunrong; Ou, Qianting; Lin, Dongxin; Zhou, Junli; Ye, Xiaohua; Yao, Zhenjiang

2018-01-01

Background Staphylococcus aureus, particularly methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), in mothers can cause serious outcomes in neonates. We aimed to elucidate the associations of S. aureus and MRSA carriage between mothers and neonates. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted between August and November 2015 in two hospitals in Shenzhen, China. Chinese pregnant women and their neonates who met the inclusion criteria were included in this study; samples and relevant information were collected. We assessed maternal–neonatal associations by using Poisson regression models. Results Overall, 1834 mothers and their neonates were included in this study. The prevalence of isolate carriage among the mothers was as follows: S. aureus (nasal, 25.8%; vaginal, 7.3%; and nasal and vaginal, 3.3%) and MRSA (nasal, 5.7%; vaginal, 1.7%; and nasal and vaginal, 0.5%). The incidences of S. aureus and MRSA carriage among neonates were 3.3% and 0.8%, respectively. Of the 21 maternal–neonatal pairs with S. aureus carriage, 14 were concordant pairs with the same phenotypic and molecular characteristics. After adjustment, the relative risks and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between the S. aureus carriage of neonates and nasal S. aureus carriage, vaginal S. aureus carriage, and both nasal and vaginal S. aureus carriage of mothers were 2.8 (95% CI, 1.6–4.8), 7.1 (95% CI, 4.1–12.4), and 9.6 (95% CI, 4.2–22.4), respectively. Conclusion S. aureus carriage in mothers increases the risk for neonates. PMID:29731644

Staphylococcus aureus and community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) in and around therapeutic whirlpools in college athletic training rooms.

Science.gov (United States)

Kahanov, Leamor; Kim, Young Kyun; Eberman, Lindsey; Dannelly, Kathleen; Kaur, Haninder; Ramalinga, A

2015-04-01

Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) has become a leading cause of skin and soft tissue infection in the nonhospitalized community. Care of the athletes in athletic training rooms is specifically designed with equipment tailored to the health care needs of the athletes, yet recent studies indicate that CA-MRSA is still prevalent in athletic facilities and that cleaning methods may not be optimal. To investigate the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and CA-MRSA in and around whirlpools in the athletic training room. Cross-sectional study. National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I university. Student-athletes (n = 109) consisting of 46 men (42%) and 63 women (58%) representing 6 sports. Presence of MRSA and Staphylococcus aureus in and around the whirlpool structures relative to sport and number of athletes using the whirlpools. We identified Staphylococcus aureus in 22% (n = 52/240) of the samples and MRSA in 0.8% (n = 2/240). A statistically significant difference existed between the number of athletes using the whirlpool and the presence of Staphylococcus aureus in and around the whirlpools (F(2,238) = 2.445, P = .007). However, Staphylococcus aureus was identified regardless of whether multiple athletes used a whirlpool or no athletes used a whirlpool. We did not identify a relationship between the number of athletes who used a whirlpool and Staphylococcus aureus or MRSA density (P = .134). Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA were identified in and around the whirlpools. Transmission of the bacteria can be reduced by following the cleaning and disinfecting protocols recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Athletic trainers should use disinfectants registered by the Environmental Protection Agency to sanitize all whirlpools between uses.

Disinfectant-resistant bacteria in Buenos Aires city hospital wastewater Resistência bacteriana a desinfetantes em efluentes de um hospital em Buenos Aires, Argentina

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L. Nuñez

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Large quantities of disinfectants are used in hospitals, externally on human skin or to eliminate microorganisms from inanimate objects. After use, residual quantities of these products reach the wastewater, exposing the bacteria that survive in hospital wastewaters to a wide range of biocides that could act as a selective pressure for the development of resistance. Increasing attention has been directed recently to the resistance of bacteria to disinfectants. The aim of this paper was to determine the disinfectant bacterial resistance pattern of the microflora released to the urban sewer system by hospital effluents. The characterization of the waste water microflora was performed by determination of the CFU of heterotrophic bacteria, fecal indicator bacteria, Pseudomonas sp. and Staphylococcus sp., in a Buenos Aires hospital effluent. The bacterial resistance to the disinfectants more frequently used in the hospital practice, glutaraldehyde, chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine, was then evaluated. Disinfectant resistant bacterial strains were isolated and typified. Between 10³ and 10(6 chlorexidine resistant bacteria/100 mL were isolated from the samples. Bacteria resistant to other disinfectants ranged between 10³ and 10(4 /100 mL. The bacterial population resistant to desinfectants to was mainly composed by Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus spp, and Bacillus spp, which are highly associated to nosocomial infections. The results obtained show that the hospital effluents are of importance in the bacterial resistance selection process, particularly in the case of disinfectants.Os hospitais utilizam uma grande quantidade de desinfetantes para eliminar microorganismos tanto da pele humana como de superfícies inanimadas. Após sua utilização, esses produtos podem chegar ao esgoto em quantidades residuais. A pressão seletiva exercida pelos antimicrobianos nos efluentes hospitalares propicia a disseminação de linhagens resistentes. Além dos

Human factor in Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage

NARCIS (Netherlands)

J.L. Nouwen (Jan); H.A.M. Boelens (Hélène); A.F. van Belkum (Alex); H.A. Verbrugh (Henri)

2004-01-01

textabstractPersistent nasal carriers and noncarriers of Staphylococcus aureus were inoculated with a mixture of different S. aureus strains. The majority of noncarriers and nearly all persistent carriers returned to their original carrier state after artificial inoculation. Furthermore, the

EXTRATO DE CHÁ VERDE (Camellia sinensis PROMOVE AÇÃO ANTIMICROBIANA SOBRE Staphylococcus aureus

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Leandro Wagner Figueira

2017-01-01

Full Text Available É de grande importância ampliar as pesquisas científicas com plantas medicinais sobre micro-organismos. Foi verificado o efeito antimicrobiano do extrato de C. sinensis , sobre cultura planctônica e biofilme de S. aureus. Neste estudo foi verificada ação do extrato entre 50 a 0,09 mg/mL sobre cultura planctônica, para determinação da CIM e CBM. A ação do extrato sobre biofilme foi analisada pela exposição de 5 min ao produto vegetal a 200mg/mL. Foi utilizado o método de MTT para determinar a redução da viabilidade do biofilme. Nos grupos controles foram utilizadas clorexidina (+ e solução salina (-, sendo n = 12/grupo. A redução do biofilme foi analisada por ANOVA e Tukey Test (p ≤ 0,05. Em cultura planctônica as concentrações avaliadas não foram efetivas, contudo, utilizando-se a concentração de 200 mg/mL sobre o biofilme, foi verificada redução significativa. Com isso, concluiu-se que o extrato de chá verde demonstrou ação sobre biofilme de S. aureus provendo redução significativa em sua viabilidade.

Determinants of carriage of resistant Staphylococcus aureus among S. aureus carriers in the Indonesian population inside and outside hospitals

NARCIS (Netherlands)

E.S. Lestari (Endang Sri); D.O. Duerink (Offra); U. Hadi (Usman); J.A. Severin (Juliëtte); N.J.D. Nagelkerke (Nico); K. Kuntaman (Kuntaman); H. Wahjono (Hendro); W. Gardjito (Widjoseno); A. Soejoenoes (Ariawan); P. van den Broek (Peterhans); M. Keuter (Monique); I.C. Gyssens (Inge); H.A. Verbrugh (Henri)

2010-01-01

textabstractOBJECTIVES: To identify determinants of carriage of resistant Staphylococcus aureus in both hospitalized patients and individuals from the community in two urban centres in Indonesia. METHODS: Staphylococcus aureus cultures and data on recent antibiotic use, demographic, socioeconomic,

Staphylococcus aureus in the community: colonization versus infection.

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Maureen Miller

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections have increased dramatically in the community, yet S. aureus nasal colonization has remained stable. The objectives of this study were to determine if S. aureus colonization is a useful proxy measure to study disease transmission and infection in community settings, and to identify potential community reservoirs. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Randomly selected households in Northern Manhattan, completed a structured social network questionnaire and provided nasal swabs that were typed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis to identify S. aureus colonizing strains. The main outcome measures were: 1 colonization with S. aureus; and 2 recent serious skin infection. Risk factor analyses were conducted at both the individual and the household levels; logistic regression models identified independent risks for household colonization and infection. RESULTS: 321 surveyed households contained 914 members. The S. aureus prevalence was 25% and MRSA was 0.4%. More than 40% of households were colonized. Recent antibiotic use was the only significant correlate for household colonization (p = .002. Seventy-eight (24% households reported serious skin infection. In contrast with colonization, five of the six risk factors that increased the risk of skin infection in the household at the univariate level remained independently significant in multivariable analysis: international travel, sports participation, surgery, antibiotic use and towel sharing. S. aureus colonization was not significantly associated with serious skin infection in any analysis. Among multiperson households with more than one person colonized, 50% carried the same strain. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The lack of association between S. aureus nasal colonization and serious skin infection underscores the need to explore alternative venues or body sites that may be crucial to transmission. Moreover, the magnitude of colonization and

eap Gene as novel target for specific identification of Staphylococcus aureus.

Science.gov (United States)

Hussain, Muzaffar; von Eiff, Christof; Sinha, Bhanu; Joost, Insa; Herrmann, Mathias; Peters, Georg; Becker, Karsten

2008-02-01

The cell surface-associated extracellular adherence protein (Eap) mediates adherence of Staphylococcus aureus to host extracellular matrix components and inhibits inflammation, wound healing, and angiogenesis. A well-characterized collection of S. aureus and non-S. aureus staphylococcal isolates (n = 813) was tested for the presence of the Eap-encoding gene (eap) by PCR to investigate the use of the eap gene as a specific diagnostic tool for identification of S. aureus. Whereas all 597 S. aureus isolates were eap positive, this gene was not detectable in 216 non-S. aureus staphylococcal isolates comprising 47 different species and subspecies of coagulase-negative staphylococci and non-S. aureus coagulase-positive or coagulase-variable staphylococci. Furthermore, non-S. aureus isolates did not express Eap homologs, as verified on the transcriptional and protein levels. Based on these data, the sensitivity and specificity of the newly developed PCR targeting the eap gene were both 100%. Thus, the unique occurrence of Eap in S. aureus offers a promising tool particularly suitable for molecular diagnostics of this pathogen.

Duplex Identification of Staphylococcus aureus by Aptamer and Gold Nanoparticles.

Science.gov (United States)

Chang, Tianjun; Wang, Libo; Zhao, Kexu; Ge, Yu; He, Meng; Li, Gang

2016-06-01

Staphylococcus aureus is the top common pathogen causing infections and food poisoning. Identification of S. aureus is crucial for the disease diagnosis and regulation of food hygiene. Herein, we report an aptamer-AuNPs based method for duplex identification of S. aureus. Using AuNPs as an indicator, SA23, an aptamer against S. aureus, can well identify its target from Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Furthermore, we find citrate-coated AuNPs can strongly bind to S. aureus, but not bind to Salmonella enterica and Proteus mirabilis, which leads to different color changes in salt solution. This colorimetric response is capable of distinguishing S. aureus from S. enteritidis and P. mirabilis. Thus, using the aptasensor and AuNPs together, S. aureus can be accurately identified from the common pathogens. This duplex identification system is a promising platform for simple visual identification of S. aureus. Additionally, in the aptasensing process, bacteria are incubated with aptamers and then be removed before the aptamers adding to AuNPs, which may avoid the interactions between bacteria and AuNPs. This strategy can be potentially applied in principle to detect other cells by AuNPs-based aptasensors.

Staphylococcus aureus biofilm removal by targeting biofilm-associated extracellular proteins

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sudhir K Shukla

2017-01-01

Methods: Biofilm assay was done in 96-well microtitre plate to evaluate the effect of proteinase K on biofilms of bovine mastitis S. Aureus isolates. Extracellular polymeric substances were extracted and evaluated for their composition (protein, polysaccharides and extracellular DNA, before and after the proteinase K treatment. Results: Biofilm assay showed that 2 μg/ml proteinase K significantly inhibited biofilm development in bap-positive S. aureus V329 as well as other S. aureus isolates (SA7, SA10, SA33, SA352, but not in bap-mutant M556 and SA392 (a weak biofilm-producing strain. Proteinase K treatment on S. aureus planktonic cells showed that there was no inhibition of planktonic growth up to 32 μg/ml of proteinase K. Proteinase K treatment on 24 h old preformed biofilms showed an enhanced dispersion of bap-positive V329 and SA7, SA10, SA33 and SA352 biofilms; however, proteinase K did not affect the bap-mutant S. aureus M556 and SA392 biofilms. Biofilm compositions study before and after proteinase K treatment indicated that Bap might also be involved in eDNA retention in the biofilm matrix that aids in biofilm stability. When proteinase K was used in combination with antibiotics, a synergistic effect in antibiotic efficacy was observed against all biofilm-forming S. aureus isolates. Interpretation & conclusions: Proteinase K inhibited biofilms growth in S. aureus bovine mastitis isolates but did not affect their planktonic growth. An enhanced dispersion of preformed S. aureus biofilms was observed on proteinase K treatment. Proteinase K treatment with antibiotics showed a synergistic effect against S. aureus biofilms. The study suggests that dispersing S. aureus by protease can be of use while devising strategies againstS. aureus biofilms.

Shedding of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from adult and pediatric bathers in marine waters

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Sinigalliano Christopher D

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Staphylococcus aureus including methicillin resistant S. aureus, MRSA, are human colonizing bacteria that commonly cause opportunistic infections primarily involving the skin in otherwise healthy individuals. These infections have been linked to close contact and sharing of common facilities such as locker rooms, schools and prisons Waterborne exposure and transmission routes have not been traditionally associated with S. aureus infections. Coastal marine waters and beaches used for recreation are potential locations for the combination of high numbers of people with close contact and therefore could contribute to the exposure to and infection by these organisms. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the amount and characteristics of the shedding of methicillin sensitive S. aureus, MSSA and MRSA by human bathers in marine waters. Results Nasal cultures were collected from bathers, and water samples were collected from two sets of pools designed to isolate and quantify MSSA and MRSA shed by adults and toddlers during exposure to marine water. A combination of selective growth media and biochemical and polymerase chain reaction analysis was used to identify and perform limited characterization of the S. aureus isolated from the water and the participants. Twelve of 15 MRSA isolates collected from the water had identical genetic characteristics as the organisms isolated from the participants exposed to that water while the remaining 3 MRSA were without matching nasal isolates from participants. The amount of S. aureus shed per person corresponded to 105 to 106 CFU per person per 15-minute bathing period, with 15 to 20% of this quantity testing positive for MRSA. Conclusions This is the first report of a comparison of human colonizing organisms with bacteria from human exposed marine water attempting to confirm that participants shed their own colonizing MSSA and MRSA into their bathing milieu. These findings clearly

Characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Sequence Type 398

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Christiansen, Mette Theilgaard

Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen that colonizes the nares and skin surfaces of several animal species, including man. S. aureus can cause a wide variety of infections ranging from superficial soft tissue and skin infections to severe and deadly systemic infections. Traditionally S....... aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have been associated with hospitals, but during the past decades MRSA has emerged in the community and now a new branch of MRSA has been found in association with livestock (LA-MRSA). A specific lineage (multilocus sequence type 398 (ST398...

Research advance in rapid detection of foodborne Staphylococcus aureus

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Xihong Zhao

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive, coccus-shaped facultative anaerobe and a member of the Staphylococcaceae family. In recent years, alimentary toxicosis caused by S. aureus is a very serious problem worldwide, which constitutes a great threat to public health. In this review, we tried to summarize the conventional methods and newly developed rapid detection techniques of S. aureus (traditional detection method, biochemical detection, immunology method, molecular biology, and biosensor method for their principles, advantages, disadvantages, and applications. Furthermore, the future perspectives of S. aureus detection methods were forecasted at last.

Population structure of Staphylococcus aureus in China

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Yan, Xiaomei

2015-01-01

The present PhD research was aimed at analysing the population structure of Staphylococcus aureus in China. Between 2000 and 2005 we found that patients from a single Chinese hospital showed increasing trends in antimicrobial resistance. Among methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), resistance

Prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus among ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in apparently healthy ... treatment failures is vital. Keywords: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Nasal swabs, Multidrug resistance, Rational .... defined as resistance to three or more classes of antibiotics other than the ...

Staphylococcus aureus and Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) in and Around Therapeutic Whirlpools in College Athletic Training Rooms

Science.gov (United States)

Kahanov, Leamor; Kim, Young Kyun; Eberman, Lindsey; Dannelly, Kathleen; Kaur, Haninder; Ramalinga, A.

2015-01-01

Context: Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) has become a leading cause of skin and soft tissue infection in the nonhospitalized community. Care of the athletes in athletic training rooms is specifically designed with equipment tailored to the health care needs of the athletes, yet recent studies indicate that CA-MRSA is still prevalent in athletic facilities and that cleaning methods may not be optimal. Objective: To investigate the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and CA-MRSA in and around whirlpools in the athletic training room. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I university. Patients or Other Participants: Student-athletes (n = 109) consisting of 46 men (42%) and 63 women (58%) representing 6 sports. Main Outcome Measure(s): Presence of MRSA and Staphylococcus aureus in and around the whirlpool structures relative to sport and number of athletes using the whirlpools. Results: We identified Staphylococcus aureus in 22% (n = 52/240) of the samples and MRSA in 0.8% (n = 2/240). A statistically significant difference existed between the number of athletes using the whirlpool and the presence of Staphylococcus aureus in and around the whirlpools (F2,238 = 2.445, P = .007). However, Staphylococcus aureus was identified regardless of whether multiple athletes used a whirlpool or no athletes used a whirlpool. We did not identify a relationship between the number of athletes who used a whirlpool and Staphylococcus aureus or MRSA density (P = .134). Conclusions: Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA were identified in and around the whirlpools. Transmission of the bacteria can be reduced by following the cleaning and disinfecting protocols recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Athletic trainers should use disinfectants registered by the Environmental Protection Agency to sanitize all whirlpools between uses. PMID:25710853

In silico analysis for identifying potential vaccine candidates against Staphylococcus aureus

OpenAIRE

Delfani, Somayeh; Imani Fooladi, Abbas Ali; Mobarez, Ashraf Mohabati; Emaneini, Mohammad; Amani, Jafar; Sedighian, Hamid

2015-01-01

Purpose Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important causes of nosocomial and community-acquired infections. The increasing incidence of multiple antibiotic-resistant S. aureus strains and the emergence of vancomycin resistant S. aureus strains have placed renewed interest on alternative means of prevention and control of infection. S. aureus produces a variety of virulence factors, so a multi-subunit vaccine will be more successful for preventing S. aureus infections than a mono-subuni...

Communications of Staphylococcus aureus and non-aureus Staphylococcus species from bovine intramammary infections and teat apex colonization.

Science.gov (United States)

Mahmmod, Yasser S; Klaas, Ilka Christine; Svennesen, Line; Pedersen, Karl; Ingmer, Hanne

2018-05-16

The role of non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) in the risk of acquisition of intramammary infections with Staphylococcus aureus is vague and still under debate. The objectives of this study were to (1) investigate the distribution patterns of NAS species from milk and teat skin in dairy herds with automatic milking systems, and (2) examine if the isolated NAS influences the expression of S. aureus virulence factors controlled by the accessory gene regulator (agr) quorum sensing system. In 8 herds, 14 to 20 cows with elevated somatic cell count were randomly selected for teat skin swabbing and aseptic quarter foremilk samples from right hind and left front quarters. Teat skin swabs were collected using the modified wet-dry method and milk samples were taken aseptically for bacterial culture. Colonies from quarters with suspicion of having NAS in milk or teat skin samples (or both) were subjected to MALDI-TOF assay for species identification. To investigate the interaction between S. aureus and NAS, 81 isolates NAS were subjected to a qualitative β-galactosidase reporter plate assay. In total, 373 NAS isolates were identified representing 105 from milk and 268 from teat skin of 284 quarters (= 142 cows). Sixteen different NAS species were identified, 15 species from teat skin and 10 species from milk. The most prevalent NAS species identified from milk were Staphylococcus epidermidis (50%), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (15%), and Staphylococcus chromogenes (11%), accounting for 76%. Meanwhile, the most prevalent NAS species from teat skin were Staphylococcus equorum (43%), S. haemolyticus (16%), and Staphylococcus cohnii (14%), accounting for 73%. Using reporter gene fusions monitoring transcriptional activity of key virulence factors and regulators, we found that out of 81 supernatants of NAS isolates, 77% reduced expression of hla, encoding a-hemolysin, 70% reduced expression of RNAIII, the key effector molecule of agr, and 61% reduced expression of spa encoding

Selective biosensing of Staphylococcus aureus using chitosan quantum dots

Science.gov (United States)

Abdelhamid, Hani Nasser; Wu, Hui-Fen

2018-01-01

Selective biosensing of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) using chitosan modified quantum dots (CTS@CdS QDs) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide is reported. The method is based on the intrinsic positive catalase activity of S. aureus. CTS@CdS quantum dots provide high dispersion in aqueous media with high fluorescence emission. Staphylococcus aureus causes a selective quenching of the fluorescence emission of CTS@CdS QDs in the presence of H2O2 compared to other pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The intrinsic enzymatic character of S. aureus (catalase positive) offers selective and fast biosensing. The present method is highly selective for positive catalase species and requires no expensive reagents such as antibodies, aptamers or microbeads. It could be extended for other species that are positive catalase.

Ao leitor sem medo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Eisenberg

2000-05-01

Full Text Available O texto resenha Ao leitor sem medo, de Renato Janine Ribeiro (Belo Horizonte, UFMG, 1999.This text is a review of Ao leitor sem medo by Renato Janine Ribeiro (Belo Horizonte, UFMG, 1999

Dissemination of antibiotic resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant S aureus strains isolated from hospital effluents.

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Mandal, Santi M; Ghosh, Ananta K; Pati, Bikas R

2015-12-01

Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) and methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA) strains were examined in hospital effluents. Most S aureus strains are resistant to methicillin (MRSA), followed by tetracycline. Approximately 15% of MRSA strains are also resistant to vancomycin (VRSA). All VRSA strains developed a VanR/VanS-regulated 2-component system of VanA-type resistance in their genome. Results indicate that there is a possibility of developing resistance to aminoglycosides by VRSA strains in the near future. Copyright © 2015 Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Staphylococcus aureus: incidência e resistência antimicrobiana em abscessos cutâneos de origem comunitária Staphylococcus aureus: etiology and susceptibility profile to antimicrobial agents of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue abscesses from community infections

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Martin Zavadinack Netto

2002-03-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar prospectivamente Staphylococcus aureus (Monera, como agente etiológico das infecções comunitárias, que provocam abscedação na pele e tecido celular subcutâneo, e seu perfil de susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos utilizados na profilaxia ou terapêutica dessas infecções cutâneas. Foram analisadas 107 amostras de secreções,coletadas de pacientes do pronto atendimento do Hospital Universitário da Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Estado do Paraná, Brasil, portadores de infecção comunitária com abscedação da pele e tecido celular subcutâneo, no período de janeiro de 1996 a julho de 1997 . A avaliação microbiológica foi realizada conforme o preconizado por Bayle, e a avaliação da sensibilidade in vitro aos antimicrobianos, pela técnica de difusão em agar segundo Kirby . Foram avaliados 16 antimicrobianos eventualmente utilizados na profilaxia ou terapêutica de infecções comunitárias de pele e tecido celular subcutâneo. Das 107 amostras clínicas de pacientes, com queixa de infecções com abscedação da pele e tecido celular subcutâneo, 71 (66,35% foram positivas para S.aureus e 36(33,65% negativas para outros microorganismos. Na avaliação de susceptibilidade do S.aureus, constatou-se uma maior sensibilidade à vancomicina (100%, amicacina (100%, teicoplanina (100%, cefoxitina(100%, cefalotina (98,53%, lincomicina (98,53%, gentamicina (98,2%, oxacilina (96,4%, norfloxacina (95,77% e sulfazotrim (95,77%, quando comparados a penicilina G(8,45, ampicilina (8,45%, tetraciclina (90,14%, kanamicina (81,69%, eritromicina (88,41% e cloranfenicol (94,36%. Os resultados do presente estudo permitem concluir que S.aureus é o microorganismo mais freqüentemente isolado de infecções comunitárias com abscedação da pele e tecido subcutâneo. O perfil de susceptibilidade evidencia uma alta taxa de resistência às penicilinas, restringindo o uso destes antimicrobianos como alternativa na

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in palliative care: A prospective study of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus prevalence in a hospital-based palliative care unit.

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Schmalz, Oliver; Strapatsas, Tobias; Alefelder, Christof; Grebe, Scott Oliver

2016-07-01

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a common organism in hospitals worldwide and is associated with morbidity and mortality. However, little is known about the prevalence in palliative care patients. Furthermore, there is no standardized screening protocol or treatment for patients for whom therapy concentrates on symptom control. Examining the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in palliative care patients as well as the level of morbidity and mortality. We performed a prospective study where methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus screening was undertaken in 296 consecutive patients within 48 h after admission to our palliative care unit. Medical history was taken, clinical examination was performed, and the Karnofsky Performance Scale and Palliative Prognostic Score were determined. Prevalence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was compared to data of general hospital patients. In total, 281 patients were included in the study having a mean age of 69.7 years (standard deviation = 12.9 years) and an average Karnofsky Performance Scale between 30% and 40%. The mean length of stay was 9.7 days (standard deviation = 7.6 days). A total of 24 patients were methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus positive on the first swab. Median number of swabs was 2. All patients with a negative methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus swab upon admission remained Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus negative in all subsequent swabs. Our study suggests that the prevalence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among patients in an in-hospital palliative care unit is much higher than in other patient populations. © The Author(s) 2016.

Bovine origin Staphylococcus aureus: A new zoonotic agent?

Science.gov (United States)

Rao, Relangi Tulasi; Jayakumar, Kannan; Kumar, Pavitra

2017-10-01

The study aimed to assess the nature of animal origin Staphylococcus aureus strains. The study has zoonotic importance and aimed to compare virulence between two different hosts, i.e., bovine and ovine origin. Conventional polymerase chain reaction-based methods used for the characterization of S. aureus strains and chick embryo model employed for the assessment of virulence capacity of strains. All statistical tests carried on R program, version 3.0.4. After initial screening and molecular characterization of the prevalence of S. aureus found to be 42.62% in bovine origin samples and 28.35% among ovine origin samples. Meanwhile, the methicillin-resistant S. aureus prevalence is found to be meager in both the hosts. Among the samples, only 6.8% isolates tested positive for methicillin resistance. The biofilm formation quantified and the variation compared among the host. A Welch two-sample t -test found to be statistically significant, t=2.3179, df=28.103, and p=0.02795. Chicken embryo model found effective to test the pathogenicity of the strains. The study helped to conclude healthy bovines can act as S. aureus reservoirs. Bovine origin S. aureus strains are more virulent than ovine origin strains. Bovine origin strains have high probability to become zoonotic pathogen. Further, gene knock out studies may be conducted to conclude zoonocity of the bovine origin strains.

Variation among Staphylococcus aureus membrane vesicle proteomes affects cytotoxicity of host cells.

Science.gov (United States)

Jeon, Hyejin; Oh, Man Hwan; Jun, So Hyun; Kim, Seung Il; Choi, Chi Won; Kwon, Hyo Il; Na, Seok Hyeon; Kim, Yoo Jeong; Nicholas, Asiimwe; Selasi, Gati Noble; Lee, Je Chul

2016-04-01

Staphylococcus aureus secretes membrane-derived vesicles (MVs), which can deliver virulence factors to host cells and induce cytopathology. However, the cytopathology of host cells induced by MVs derived from different S. aureus strains has not yet been characterized. In the present study, the cytotoxic activity of MVs from different S. aureus isolates on host cells was compared and the proteomes of S. aureus MVs were analyzed. The MVs purified from S. aureus M060 isolated from a patient with staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome showed higher cytotoxic activity toward host cells than that shown by MVs from three other clinical S. aureus isolates. S. aureus M060 MVs induced HEp-2 cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, but the cytotoxic activity of MVs was completely abolished by treatment with proteinase K. In a proteomic analysis, the MVs from three S. aureus isolates not only carry 25 common proteins, but also carry ≥60 strain-specific proteins. All S. aureus MVs contained δ-hemolysin (Hld), γ-hemolysin, leukocidin D, and exfoliative toxin C, but exfoliative toxin A (ETA) was specifically identified in S. aureus M060 MVs. ETA was delivered to HEp-2 cells via S. aureus MVs. Both rETA and rHld induced cytotoxicity in HEp-2 cells. In conclusion, MVs from clinical S. aureus isolates differ with respect to cytotoxic activity in host cells, and these differences may result from differences in the MV proteomes. Further proteogenomic analysis or mutagenesis of specific genes is necessary to identify cytotoxic factors in S. aureus MVs. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Padrão estomático de Capsicum ssp. resistentes e suscetíveis a Oidiopsis haplophylli Stomatal patterns of Capsicum genotypes resistant or susceptible to Oidiopsis haplophylli

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Milton Luiz Paz Lima

2010-03-01

Full Text Available Visando relacionar a reação de Capsicum spp. resistentes e suscetíveis à Oidiopsis haplophylli com o padrão dos respectivos complexos estomáticos, foram analisados em dois ensaios, 5 e 15 genótipos de Capsicum spp. em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Avaliou-se a abertura do ostíolo, a morfometria do estômato (comprimento, largura e área, o número de estômatos.mm-2 e a freqüência de estômatos (unidades de estômatos por células da epiderme nas superfícies adaxial e abaxial da epiderme foliar de plantas cultivadas em casa-de-vegetação. A variável abertura ostiolar não explicou a reação dos genótipos ao oídio, nem na face adaxial (R²=0,16 nem na abaxial (R²=0,13. Entretanto, o número de estômatos.mm-2 explicou a reação ao oídio em 84 % (face adaxial ou 74 % (face abaxial. Para a freqüência de estômatos, o modelo ajustou-se melhor na face adaxial (R² = 0,76, do que na face abaxial (R²=0,48. Maiores números e freqüências de estômatos em ambas as faces foliares ocorreram em pimentão 'Magali' (altamente suscetível, com valores significativamente maiores do que em 'HV-12' (altamente resistente. Sugere-se que a suscetibilidade de genótipos de Capsicum a O. haplophylli está parcialmente relacionada a mecanismos de defesa estruturais pré-formados, como o número e freqüência de estômatos, os quais se relacionam com o número de sítios de infecção. Por outro lado, para alguns genótipos, esta relação não foi significativa, indicando que outros mecanismos de resistência também estejam envolvidos.This work reports the reaction of Capsicum genotypes to the powdery mildew pathogen with variables of the stomatal complex, from samples of five to 15 Capsicum genotypes in a complete randomized experiments. Ostiolum size, stomatal morphometry (length, width and surface area, the number of stomata.mm-2, and the frequency of stomata (stomatal units per unit of epidermal cells were evaluated on both leaf

Molecular typing of Staphylococcus aureus based on coagulase gene.

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Javid, Faizan; Taku, Anil; Bhat, Mohd Altaf; Badroo, Gulzar Ahmad; Mudasir, Mir; Sofi, Tanveer Ahmad

2018-04-01

This study was conducted to study the coagulase gene-based genetic diversity of Staphylococcus aureus , isolated from different samples of cattle using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and their sequence-based phylogenetic analysis. A total of 192 different samples from mastitic milk, nasal cavity, and pus from skin wounds of cattle from Military Dairy Farm, Jammu, India, were screened for the presence of S. aureus . The presumptive isolates were confirmed by nuc gene-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The confirmed S. aureus isolates were subjected to coagulase ( coa ) gene PCR. Different coa genotypes observed were subjected to RFLP using restriction enzymes Hae111 and Alu1 , to obtain the different restriction patterns. One isolate from each restriction pattern was sequenced. These sequences were aligned for maximum homology using the Bioedit softwareandsimilarity in the sequences was inferred with the help of sequence identity matrix. Of 192 different samples,39 (20.31%) isolates of S. aureus were confirmed by targeting nuc gene using PCR. Of 39 S. aureus isolates, 25 (64.10%) isolates carried coa gene. Four different genotypes of coa gene, i.e., 514 bp, 595 bp, 757 bp, and 802 bp were obtained. Two coa genotypes, 595 bp (15 isolates) and 802 bp (4 isolates), were observed in mastitic milk. 514 bp (2 isolates) and 757 bp (4 isolates) coa genotypes were observed from nasal cavity and pus from skin wounds, respectively. On RFLP using both restriction enzymes, four different restriction patterns P1, P2, P3, and P4 were observed. On sequencing, four different sequences having unique restriction patterns were obtained. The most identical sequences with the value of 0.810 were found between isolate S. aureus 514 (nasal cavity) and S. aureus 595 (mastitic milk), and thus, they are most closely related. While as the most distant sequences with the value of 0.483 were found between S. aureus 514 and S. aureus 802 isolates. The study, being localized

A pig model of acute Staphylococcus aureus induced pyemia

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nielsen, O. L.; Iburg, T.; Aalbæk, B.

2009-01-01

Background: Sepsis caused by Staphylococcus aureus constitutes an important cause of morbidity and mortality in humans, and the incidence of this disease-entity is increasing. In this paper we describe the initial microbial dynamics and lesions in pigs experimentally infected with S. aureus....... aureus isolated from man and an extension of the timeframe aiming at inducing sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock....

Factores psicológicos, demográficos y sociales asociados al estrés y a la Personalidad Resistente en adultos mayores

OpenAIRE

Zoila Edith Hernández Zamora; Yamilet Ehrenzeweig Sánchez; Axel Manuel Navarro Hernández

2009-01-01

Se muestran los resultados encontrados con relación al constructo Personalidad Resistente (PR) y los niveles de estrés en una muestra de 102 adultos mayores. La mayoría de los y las participantes tienen un nivel alto de PR y ninguno resultó con un nivel bajo en este constructo. Las variables asociadas significativamente con una PR alta son: sexo, independencia, escolaridad, autopercepción de salud y repercusión en el estado de ánimo de sus enfermedades. Las variables asociadas con un nivel de...

Arquitectura sismo-resistente. Un nuevo enfoque para la solución integral del problema sísmico

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Giuliani,, Hugo

1987-02-01

Full Text Available This work only pretend to state in general terms the reasons, foundations, objectives, action fields, basical principles and compatibilization rules of the Structural Design with the Architectural Design that have allowed us to draw an approach on Seismo-Resistant Architecture and that in the future will allow its study and scientific development.

El presente trabajo, sólo pretende la formulación en términos generales de las razones, fundamentos, objetivos, campos de acción, principios básicos y pautas de compatibilización del Diseño Estructural con el Diseño Arquitectónico que nos han permitido plantear una Arquitectura Sismo-Resistente y que permitirá en el futuro su profundización y el desarrollo científico de la misma.

Prevalence and resistance of commensal Staphylococcus aureus, including meticillin-resistant S aureus, in nine European countries: a cross-sectional study.

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Heijer, C.D.J. den; Bijnen, E.M.E. van; Paget, W.J.; Pringle, M.; Goossen, H.; Bruggeman, C.A.; Schellevis, F.G.; Stobberingh, E.E.

2013-01-01

Background: Information about the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus resistance to antimicrobial drugs has mainly been obtained from invasive strains, although the commensal microbiota is thought to be an important reservoir of resistance. We aimed to compare the prevalence of nasal S aureus

Protective effects of tenuigenin on Staphylococcus aureus-induced pneumonia in mice.

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Yu, Bin; Qiao, Jiutao; Shen, Yongbin; Li, Lianyong

2017-09-01

Pneumonia is the leading cause of death in infants and young children. Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) is one of the most important bacteria that leads to pneumonia. Tenuigenin (TGN), a major active component isolated from the root of the Chinese herb Polygala tenuifolia, has been known to have anti-inflammatory effect. In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effects of TGN on S.aureus-induced pneumonia in mice. The results showed that TGN significantly attenuated S.aureus-induced lung histopathological changes. TGN also inhibited lung wet/dry (W/D) ratio, and inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β production. Furthermore, S.aureus-induced NF-κB activation was significantly inhibited by the treatment of TGN. In conclusion, the results of this study showed that TGN protected against S.aureus-induced pneumonia by inhibiting NF-κB activation. TGN might be a potential agent in the treatment of pneumonia induced by S.aureus. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Survey and properties of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Japanese-style desserts.

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Shimamura, Yuko; Kidokoro, Shiho; Murata, Masatsune

2006-07-01

We surveyed the contamination of 315 Japanese- and western-style desserts and 247 human hands by Staphylococcus aureus and other staphylococcal bacteria. The most frequently isolated staphylococcal bacterium was S. warneri, followed by S. aureus. Only 1.9% of western-style desserts were contaminated by S. aureus strains, while 19.4% and 13.0% of Japanese-style desserts and human hands respectively were contaminated. Ninety-four isolates of S. aureus were characterized as to their biological properties and enterotoxigenicity. Although staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the cultured broth of all S. aureus isolates, the reversed passive latex agglutination method and the polymerase chain reaction showed only 39 (41.5%) and 40 (42.6%) samples respectively as SE-positive. The predominant type of SE was SEB (67.5%), and eight strains produced SEA. None of the S. aureus strains had penicillin-binding protein 2', showing that methicillin-resistant S. aureus was not present in the samples.

Root cause analysis of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia.

Science.gov (United States)

Aslam, Nadia; Mehdi, Naima; Izhar, Mateen

2015-10-01

To find the important risk factors and sources of bacteraemia in patients suffering from methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia. The descriptive study was carried out at Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore, from October 2010 to August 2011. Blood cultures were processed to isolate methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. A questionnaire was completed by the participating patients suffering from bacteraemia. Information about risk factors present at the time and risk factors that served as the source of bacteraemia were noted. Total 4058 blood cultures were processed and 669(16.5%) were positive. Of them, 194(29%) cultures were found to be positive for staphylococci. Out of these 194 blood cultures, coagulase-negative staphylococci were isolated from 117(60%), and 77(40%) were positive for S. aureus. Out of these 77 samples, 26(34%) were found to be methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus and 51(66%) were methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. The overall frequency of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus was 1.25%; 7.62% out of positive blood culture; 26.28% out of total staphylococci; and 66% out of total S. aureus. As for the source of infection, central venous pressure line 11(21.6%), post-influenza pneumonia 9(17.6%), peripheral intravenous line 8(15.7%) and dialysis line 7(13.7%) were major reasons. Taking care of aseptic measures while insertion, frequent change and early removal of the central venous and dialysis lines is of critical significance.

Targeting Staphylococcus aureus Toxins: A Potential form of Anti-Virulence Therapy

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Cin Kong

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen and the leading cause of a wide range of severe clinical infections. The range of diseases reflects the diversity of virulence factors produced by this pathogen. To establish an infection in the host, S. aureus expresses an inclusive set of virulence factors such as toxins, enzymes, adhesins, and other surface proteins that allow the pathogen to survive under extreme conditions and are essential for the bacteria’s ability to spread through tissues. Expression and secretion of this array of toxins and enzymes are tightly controlled by a number of regulatory systems. S. aureus is also notorious for its ability to resist the arsenal of currently available antibiotics and dissemination of various multidrug-resistant S. aureus clones limits therapeutic options for a S. aureus infection. Recently, the development of anti-virulence therapeutics that neutralize S. aureus toxins or block the pathways that regulate toxin production has shown potential in thwarting the bacteria’s acquisition of antibiotic resistance. In this review, we provide insights into the regulation of S. aureus toxin production and potential anti-virulence strategies that target S. aureus toxins.

Photoreactivation of ultraviolet-irradiation damage in Staphylococcus aureus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Adkins, B. Jr.; Allen, W.E.

1982-01-01

This study reports the capacity of Staphylococcus aureus strain 7 - 8 to undergo photoenzymatic repair of UV-irradiation induced damage and compares it to the photoreactivation (PR) response of Escherichia coli strain B. Staphylococcus aureaus showed greater inhibition by UV irradiation than E. coli, consistent with its higher adenine and thymine content of DNA. Staphylococcus aureus showed an enhanced rate of photoreactivation with no lag in initiation of the PR response at low PR doses compared to E. coli. Maximum PR capacity of both cultures was about equal and occurred in cultures incubated at 23 - 25 0 . The PR responses at 11 - 12 and 35 - 37 0 for S. aureus and E. coli differed although both were capable of PR at each of these temperatures. The PR response of E. coli was directly related to the dosage of PR light (J/m 2 ); however, the photoenzymatic capacity of S. aureus was not directly responsive to continued decrease in light intensity. The capacity of S. aureus to undergo liquid holding recovery (LHR) occurred at 23 - 25 0 (not at 11 - 12 0 or 35 - 37 0 ), whereas E. coli underwent LHR at 11 - 12 0 and 23 - 25 0 but not at 35 - 37 0 . The LHR response of S. aureus was somewhat more effective than E. coli and did not show the direct response to increased liquid-holding period as did E. coli. (author)

Antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from fresh ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from fresh cow milk in settled ... produced alpha haemolysin, 45.5% (n=25) produced beta haemolysin and ... resistant strains of S. aureus of animal and human biotypes and can serve as ...

Mastite subclínica causada por Staphylococcus aureus: custo-benefício da antibioticoterapia de vacas em lactação Subclinical mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus: cost benefit analysis of antibiotic therapy in lactating cows

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L.F. Zafalon

2007-06-01

Full Text Available Avaliou-se a relação custo-benefício do tratamento da mastite subclínica bovina causada por Staphylococcus aureus. Foram selecionados 270 quartos mamários com mastite subclínica e sadios, divididos em quatro grupos de acordo com o estádio de lactação e o tratamento. O grupo 1 foi formado por animais entre 10 e 60 dias da lactação e tratados contra mastites; o grupo 2 incluiu animais entre 61 dias da lactação e dois meses antes da secagem e tratados contra mastite; o grupo 3 foi formado por animais entre 10 e 60 dias da lactação, não tratados contra mastite; e o grupo 4 foi formado por animais entre 61 dias em lactação e dois meses antes da secagem, não tratados. O tratamento foi realizado pela infusão intramamária de 150mg de gentamicina, uma vez ao dia. A reavaliação foi efetuada após 30 dias. Para os cálculos dos custos com o tratamento, foram considerados uma prevalência de S. aureus de 5% e os gastos com medicamento, descarte do leite, antibiograma e mão-de-obra. Observou-se redução de 2% e 14% das receitas nos grupos 1 e 2, respectivamente, quando comparada com as receitas obtidas antes do tratamento, demonstrando ser economicamente inviável o tratamento da mastite subclínica bovina causada por S. aureus, durante a lactação.Economic evaluation of the treatment bovine subclinical mastitis caused by S. aureus was evaluated. Two hundred and seventy udder quarters with or without subclinical mastitis were distributed into four groups, in conformity to lactational stage and treatments. Group 1 included animals treated between 10 and 60 days of lactation; group 2 included animals treated from 61 days of lactation to two months before drying; group 3 included animals no treated between 10 and 60 days of lactation; group 4 included animals no treated from 61 days of lactation to two months before drying. Treatment with gentamicin (150mg was accomplished by intramammary doses, once a day, after performing sensitivity

Simple method for correct enumeration of Staphylococcus aureus

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Haaber, J.; Cohn, M. T.; Petersen, A.

2016-01-01

culture. When grown in such liquid cultures, the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is characterized by its aggregation of single cells into clusters of variable size. Here, we show that aggregation during growth in the laboratory standard medium tryptic soy broth (TSB) is common among clinical...... and laboratory S. aureus isolates and that aggregation may introduce significant bias when applying standard enumeration methods on S. aureus growing in laboratory batch cultures. We provide a simple and efficient sonication procedure, which can be applied prior to optical density measurements to give...

Research advance in rapid detection of foodborne Staphylococcus aureus

OpenAIRE

Xihong Zhao; Caijiao Wei; Junliang Zhong; Shiwei Jin

2016-01-01

Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive, coccus-shaped facultative anaerobe and a member of the Staphylococcaceae family. In recent years, alimentary toxicosis caused by S. aureus is a very serious problem worldwide, which constitutes a great threat to public health. In this review, we tried to summarize the conventional methods and newly developed rapid detection techniques of S. aureus (traditional detection method, biochemical detection, immunology method, molecular biology, and biosensor...

Active immunization with an octa-valent Staphylococcus aureus antigen mixture in models of S. aureus bacteremia and skin infection in mice.

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Sanne van den Berg

Full Text Available Proteomic studies with different Staphylococcus aureus isolates have shown that the cell surface-exposed and secreted proteins IsaA, LytM, Nuc, the propeptide of Atl (pro-Atl and four phenol-soluble modulins α (PSMα are invariantly produced by this pathogen. Therefore the present study was aimed at investigating whether these proteins can be used for active immunization against S. aureus infection in mouse models of bacteremia and skin infection. To this end, recombinant His-tagged fusions of IsaA, LytM, Nuc and pro-Atl were isolated from Lactococcus lactis or Escherichia coli, while the PSMα1-4 peptides were chemically synthesized. Importantly, patients colonized by S. aureus showed significant immunoglobulin G (IgG responses against all eight antigens. BALB/cBYJ mice were immunized subcutaneously with a mixture of the antigens at day one (5 μg each, and boosted twice (25 μg of each antigen with 28 days interval. This resulted in high IgG responses against all antigens although the response against pro-Atl was around one log lower compared to the other antigens. Compared to placebo-immunized mice, immunization with the octa-valent antigen mixture did not reduce the S. aureus isolate P load in blood, lungs, spleen, liver, and kidneys in a bacteremia model in which the animals were challenged for 14 days with a primary load of 3 × 10(5 CFU. Discomfort scores and animal survival rates over 14 days did not differ between immunized mice and placebo-immunized mice upon bacteremia with S. aureus USA300 (6 × 10(5 CFU. In addition, this immunization did not reduce the S. aureus isolate P load in mice with skin infection. These results show that the target antigens are immunogenic in both humans and mice, but in the used animal models do not result in protection against S. aureus infection.

Eliminação de resistência a drogas por fluorquinolonas em Staphylococcus aureus de origem bovina Elimination of resistance to drugs by fluoroquinolones in bovine strains of Staphylococcus aureus

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Maria S.V. Pereira

2004-03-01

Full Text Available Cepas de Staphylococcus aureus de origem bovina foram submetidas ao tratamento com quatro fluoquinolonas na concentração subinibitória (1/2 x CMI, para avaliar a influência desses agentes sobre plasmídios. A ciprofloxacina mostrou ser a fluorquinolona mais eficiente, eliminando marcas de resistência para estreptomicina, tetraciclina, penicilina e cádmio. A norfloxacina e a pefloxacina eliminaram resistência para penicilina e tetraciclina, respectivamente; no entanto, não foi evidenciada a eliminação de plasmídio com ofloxacina. Os resultados confirmam a eficácia das fluor-quinolonas em eliminar plasmídios de resistência mostrando a importância desses estudos como contribuição para o entendimento da prevenção de linhagens multiresistentes, uma vez que as quinolonas em concentrações subinibitórias podem aumentar a sensibilidade das linhagens a outros agentes antimicrobianos.Bovine strains of Staphylococcus aureus were submitted to treatment with four fluoro-quinolones in subinhibitory concentrations (1/2 x MICs to evaluate their influence on the curing of plasmids. Ciprofloxacin showed to be the most efficient by eliminating resistance to streptomycin, tetracyclin, penicillin, and cadmium nitrate. Norfloxacin and pefloxacin eliminated penicillin- and tetracyclin-resistance respectively. Otherwise, plasmids elimination by ofloxacin was not evidenced. The results obtained in this study confirm the potential of fluoroquinolones to eliminate antibiotic-resistant plasmids, and showed to be a valuable contribution for the prevention of multi-resistant strains, and may even enhance their sensitivity to other chemotherapeutic agents.

Assessing the potential for raw meat to influence human colonization with Staphylococcus aureus

OpenAIRE

Carrel, Margaret; Zhao, Chang; Thapaliya, Dipendra; Bitterman, Patrick; Kates, Ashley E.; Hanson, Blake M.; Smith, Tara C.

2017-01-01

The role of household meat handling and consumption in the transfer of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) from livestock to consumers is not well understood. Examining the similarity of S. aureus colonizing humans and S. aureus in meat from the stores in which those individuals shop can provide insight into the role of meat in human S. aureus colonization. S. aureus isolates were collected from individuals in rural and urban communities in Iowa (n?=?3347) and contemporaneously from meat produc...

Intercenter reproducibility of binary typing for Staphylococcus aureus

NARCIS (Netherlands)

van Leeuwen, Willem B.; Snoeijers, Sandor; van der Werken-Libregts, Christel; Tuip, Anita; van der Zee, Anneke; Egberink, Diane; de Proost, Monique; Bik, Elisabeth; Lunter, Bjorn; Kluytmans, Jan; Gits, Etty; van Duyn, Inge; Heck, Max; van der Zwaluw, Kim; Wannet, Wim; Noordhoek, Gerda T.; Mulder, Sije; Renders, Nicole; Boers, Miranda; Zaat, Sebastiaan; van der Riet, Daniëlle; Kooistra, Mirjam; Talens, Adriaan; Dijkshoorn, Lenie; van der Reyden, Tanny; Veenendaal, Dick; Bakker, Nancy; Cookson, Barry; Lynch, Alisson; Witte, Wolfgang; Cuny, Christa; Blanc, Dominique; Vernez, Isabelle; Hryniewicz, Waleria; Fiett, Janusz; Struelens, Marc; Deplano, Ariane; Landegent, Jim; Verbrugh, Henri A.; van Belkum, Alex

2002-01-01

The reproducibility of the binary typing (BT) protocol developed for epidemiological typing of Staphylococcus aureus was analyzed in a biphasic multicenter study. In a Dutch multicenter pilot study, 10 genetically unique isolates of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) were characterized by the BT

The changing epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Laupland, K.B.; Lyytikäinen, O.; Søgaard, Mette

2013-01-01

Clin Microbiol Infect ABSTRACT: Although the epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection (BSI) has been changing, international comparisons are lacking. We sought to determine the incidence of S. aureus BSI and assess trends over time and by region. Population-based surveillance w...

Staphylococcus aureus small colony variants in diabetic foot infections

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Estrella Cervantes-García

2015-03-01

Full Text Available Background: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus is one of the major pathogens causing chronic infections. The ability of S. aureus to acquire resistance to a diverse range of antimicrobial compounds results in limited treatment options, particularly in methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA. A mechanism by which S. aureus develops reduced susceptibility to antimicrobials is through the formation of small colony variants (SCVs. Infections by SCVs of S. aureus are an upcoming problem due to difficulties in laboratory diagnosis and resistance to antimicrobial therapy. Methods: A prospective study was performed on 120 patients diagnosed with both type 2 diabetes mellitus and infected diabetic foot ulcers. The study was carried out from July 2012 to December 2013 in Hospital General de Mexico. The samples were cultured in blood agar, mannitol salt agar, and MacConkey agar media, and incubated at 37°C in aerobic conditions. Results: We describe the first known cases of diabetic foot infections caused by MRSA-SCVs in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus and infected diabetic foot ulcers. In all of our cases, the patients had not received any form of gentamicin therapy. Conclusions: The antibiotic therapy commonly used in diabetic patients with infected diabetic foot ulcers fails in the case of MRSA-SCVs because the intracellular location protects S. aureus-SCVs from the host's defenses and also helps them resist antibiotics. The cases studied in this article add to the spectrum of persistent and relapsing infections attributed to MRSA-SCVs and emphasizes that these variants may also play a relevant role in diabetic foot infections.

A meta-analysis of the rates of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S aureus contamination on the surfaces of environmental objects that health care workers frequently touch.

Science.gov (United States)

Lin, Dongxin; Ou, Qianting; Lin, Jialing; Peng, Yang; Yao, Zhenjiang

2017-04-01

Health care workers may potentially spread Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA) to patients by contaminated high-touch items. We aimed to determine the pooled rates of S aureus and MRSA contamination and influencing factors. A literature search of the PubMed, ScienceDirect, Embase, Ovid, and Scopus databases was performed. Pooled contamination rates were determined using random effect models. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were conducted to identify factors potentially influencing the rates of S aureus and MRSA contamination. Sensitivity and publication bias analyses were performed. Thirty-eight studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled contamination rates were 15.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.8%-21.1%) for S aureus and 5.0% (95% CI, 2.7%-7.7%) for MRSA. The subgroup analyses indicated that the pooled rate of S aureus contamination was significantly higher for studies conducted in South America, in developing countries, and during 2010-2015. The pooled rate of MRSA contamination was significantly higher for studies conducted in Africa. The meta-regression analysis suggested that the pooled rate of S aureus contamination was lower for studies conducted in developed countries (odds ratio, 0.664; 95% CI, 0.509-0.867; P = .004). No bias was found in the publication of the rates of S aureus and MRSA contamination. S aureus and MRSA contamination statuses of high-touch items are worrisome and should be paid greater attention. Developing country status was a risk factor for S aureus contamination. Copyright © 2017 Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Nasal carriage of methicilli-resistant staphylococcus aureus with ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Staphylococcus aureus isolates were collected from anterior nares of fifty healthy adults in Zaria and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns determined. Seventy-two percent (72%) of the isolates were methicillin-resistant S. aureus, while 20% were methicillin-susceptible. The isolates were generally resistant to multiple ...

Breast Milk Is a Potential Reservoir for Livestock-Associated Staphylococcus aureus and Community-Associated Staphylococcus aureus in Shanghai, China

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Xiaoliang Li

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Breast milk is the first choice in feeding newborn infants and provides multiple benefits for their growth and development. Staphylococcus aureus usually exists in breast milk and is considered one of the most important causative infective agents. To be effective in preventing and controlling S. aureus infections among infants, the aim of this study was to determine the occurrence and molecular characteristics of S. aureus isolated from 1102 samples of breast milk between 2015 and 2016 in Shanghai, China. Out of 71 S. aureus strains isolated, 15 (21.1%, 15/71 were MRSA and all the strains were characterized by spa typing, Multi-Locus Sequence Typing, SCCmec typing, antibiotic resistance testing and virulence-associated genes. A total of 18 distinct sequence types (STs and 36 spa types were identified within the 71 isolates, among which the most frequently represented was ST398 (19.7%, 14/71, followed by ST7 (18.3%, 13/71, ST59 (16.9%, 12/71. The three predominant STs accounted for more than one half of all S. aureus isolates. The most prevalent spa types were t091 (12.7%, 9/71, followed by t571 (8.5%, 6/71, t189 (7.0%, 5/71, t034 (5.6%, 4/71, t437 (5.6%, 4/71, and t701 (4.2%, 3/71. All MRSA isolates belonged to SCCmec IV and V, accounting for 66.7 and 33.3% respectively. Notably, 23 (32.4% S. aureus strains were multidrug resistance (MDR, including 4 (5.6% MRSA and 19 (26.8% MSSA strains, and MDR isolates were mostly resistant to penicillin, erythromycin and clindamycin. All isolates exhibited simultaneous carriage of at least 5 of 33 possible virulence genes and the most prevalent genes detected were icaA (100%, clfA (100%, hla (100%, sdrC (94.4%, hlg2 (88.7%, lukE (57.8%. 39 (54.9%, 39/71 isolates, including 9 (12.7% of MRSA isolates, harbored ≥10 tested virulence genes evaluated in this study. The pvl gene was detected in 8 strains, which represented 5 different STs, with ST59 being the most one. Overall, our findings showed that S. aureus

Abelhas-sem-ferrão amazônicas defendem meliponários contra saques de outras abelhas Amazonian stingless bees protect meliponaries against robber bees

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André Rodrigo Rech

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Entre as abelhas eussociais, dois gêneros apresentam estratégia de vida cleptobiótica, obtendo recursos alimentares de ninhos de outras abelhas ao invés de coletá-los em flores. Entre as espécies atacadas existe um gradiente de suscetibilidade ao roubo variando desde espécies vulneráveis até altamente resistentes. Neste trabalho nós descrevemos um ataque de Lestrimelitta rufipes a um ninho de Scaptotrigona sp. em um meliponário na Amazônia central (Amazonas, Brazil. O ninho atacado foi transferido para um meliponário com espécies resistentes (Duckeola ghilianii e Melipona fulva e as interações foram descritas. As abelhas resistentes contra-atacaram e afugentaram as ladras protegendo o ninho de Scaptotrigona sp.. A presença de comportamento defensivo em gêneros não proximamente relacionados sugere que ele tenha evoluído mais de uma vez entre os Meliponini. Considerando o comportamento descrito, sugerimos a criação de espécies nativas resistentes em meliponários de regiões onde elas forem nativas, devido ao potencial que elas tem na proteção.Among eusocial bees, two genera evolved a cleptobiotic life strategy, stealing food resources from other bee nest instead of collecting it from flowers. Under natural conditions there is a gradient of strategies against robbing, from more susceptible to highly resistant species. In this work, we describe one attack of the robber bee Lestrimelitta rufipes to a nest of Scaptotrigona sp. in the Amazon Rain Forest (Amazonas, Brazil. The attacked nest was introduced in a beekeeping area with bees already known to be resistant to cleptobiosis. The resident bees (Duckeola ghilianii and Melipona fulva counter-attacked the robber bees and successfully protect the Scaptotrigona sp. nest. The presence of the defensive behaviour in unrelated genera suggests it evolved many times in social bees. Based on the protective behaviour described here, we suggest that in order to reduce the damage caused

Environmental contamination with Staphylococcus aureus at a large, Midwestern university campus.

Science.gov (United States)

Thapaliya, Dipendra; Taha, Mohammed; Dalman, Mark R; Kadariya, Jhalka; Smith, Tara C

2017-12-01

Staphylococcus aureus can cause minor to severe life-threatening infections. The changing epidemiology of S. aureus is of public health concern due to the emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains. Environmental surfaces play a crucial role in the transmission of S. aureus. The objective of this study was to examine environmental contamination and molecular characteristics of S. aureus in health professional-associated (HPA) and non-health professional-associated (NHPA) buildings at a large university. A total of 152 environmental surface samples were collected from two HPA and two NHPA campus buildings. Bacterial culture and diagnostics were done using standard microbiology methods. Polymerase chain reaction was conducted to detect mecA and PVL genes. All isolates were spa typed. A subset of isolates was characterized via multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). All S. aureus isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility. The overall contamination of S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was 22.4% (34/152) and 5.9% (9/152) respectively. Similar prevalence of contamination was found in HPA and NHPA buildings. A total of 17 different spa types were detected among 34 S. aureus isolates. The majority of the MRSA isolates belonged to clonal complex (CC) 8. One isolate was positive for PVL. Eleven different sequence types (STs) were detected from 17 tested isolates. ST8 was the most common. Twelve isolates (35.3%) were MDR. Almost 27% (9/34) of the isolates were MRSA. The highest contamination of S. aureus was found in high hand-touch areas such as door knobs, suggesting that human interaction in crowded environments such as academic institutions plays a crucial role in S. aureus/MRSA transmission via inanimate objects. Additionally, more than one-third of the isolates were MDR. These data reinforce the need to implement effective prevention strategies outside the healthcare setting to decrease the incidence of drug-resistant S. aureus infections

Capacidad resistente de pilas metálicas tubulares circulares rellenas de hormigón (CFT en puentes integrales

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Chacón, R.

2012-09-01

Full Text Available In this paper, an in-depth analysis of the structural response of concrete-filled tubular structures (CFT is presented. The main objective of the study is to assess the resistance of these structural elements when subjected to lateral displacements. These displacements, together with the corresponding axial forces, represent the actions to which the integral bridges piers are subjected to. For the sake of studying this response, a numerical model is used as a simulation tool over an hypothetical matrix of CFT. These numerical studies together with a wide experimental database found in the literature have been useful for drawing conclusions concerning the cross-sectional capacity of the CFT. A design proposal for this cross-sectional capacity which accounts for confinement is given. This proposal has been compared structurally with the present formulation found in EN1994.

Se presenta el análisis estructural de pilas metálicas tubulares rellenas de hormigón (CFT sometidas a flexo-compresión. El objetivo principal es valorar los mecanismos resistentes de las pilas cuando se someten a un desplazamiento en cabeza. Estos desplazamientos, conjuntamente con el esfuerzo axil de compresión, que en este trabajo se aproxima con un porcentaje de la resistencia plástica a compresión de los CFT, representan las acciones a las cuales se ven sometidos los elementos de este estudio. Se utiliza una herramienta numérica sobre una base hipotética de prototipos de pilas. Los resultados numéricos obtenidos así como los resultados experimentales encontrados en la literatura han permitido extraer conclusiones relativas a la capacidad seccional de los CFT. Se proponen expresiones de diseño relativas a la capacidad resistente de los CFT considerando el efecto del confinamiento y se comparan con los resultados que se derivan de la formulación de EN1994.

Genetic and Virulent Difference Between Pigmented and Non-pigmented Staphylococcus aureus

OpenAIRE

Jing Zhang; Yujuan Suo; Daofeng Zhang; Fangning Jin; Hang Zhao; Chunlei Shi

2018-01-01

Staphyloxanthin (STX), a golden carotenoid pigment produced by Staphylococcus aureus, is suggested to act as an important virulence factor due to its antioxidant properties. Restraining biosynthesis of STX was considered as an indicator of virulence decline in pigmented S. aureus isolates. However, it is not clear whether natural non-pigmented S. aureus isolates have less virulence than pigmented ones. In this study, it is aimed to compare the pigmented and non-pigmented S. aureus isolates to...

Epithelial Cell Gene Expression Induced by Intracellular Staphylococcus aureus

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Xianglu Li

2009-01-01

Full Text Available HEp-2 cell monolayers were cocultured with intracellular Staphylococcus aureus, and changes in gene expression were profiled using DNA microarrays. Intracellular S. aureus affected genes involved in cellular stress responses, signal transduction, inflammation, apoptosis, fibrosis, and cholesterol biosynthesis. Transcription of stress response and signal transduction-related genes including atf3, sgk, map2k1, map2k3, arhb, and arhe was increased. In addition, elevated transcription of proinflammatory genes was observed for tnfa, il1b, il6, il8, cxcl1, ccl20, cox2, and pai1. Genes involved in proapoptosis and fibrosis were also affected at transcriptional level by intracellular S. aureus. Notably, intracellular S. aureus induced strong transcriptional down-regulation of several cholesterol biosynthesis genes. These results suggest that epithelial cells respond to intracellular S. aureus by inducing genes affecting immunity and in repairing damage caused by the organism, and are consistent with the possibility that the organism exploits an intracellular environment to subvert host immunity and promote colonization.

Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia in children: a formidable foe ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Staphylococcus aureus remains one of the most common causes of bacteraemia in children. In order to evade and overcome the immune responses of its host and any antimicrobial therapies aimed at destroying it, this organism, through various mechanisms, continues to evolve. Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia is a ...

Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Staphylococcus aureus from clinical

African Journals Online (AJOL)

raoul

2011-01-26

Jan 26, 2011 ... Key words: Staphylococcus aureus, antibiotic sensitivity, Nigeria, Kano ... infection have an increased colonization risks [8]. ... confirmed Staphylococcus aureus isolates was prepared in peptone water to ... 5 g methicillin discs (oxoid, USA) were aseptically placed on the surface of the inoculated plates and ...

Detection of some virulence factors in Staphylococcus aureus ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

USER

2010-06-21

Jun 21, 2010 ... Mastitis is one of the common diseases of dairy cattle and an inflammatory ... Key words: Bovine mastitis, Staphylococcus aureus, virulence factors, ... frequent cause of subclinical intramammary infections in ... genotypes has not been investigated. ... genes in S. aureus, we were particularly interested in the.

Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus.

Science.gov (United States)

Pantosti, Annalisa; Sanchini, Andrea; Monaco, Monica

2007-06-01

Staphylococcus aureus can exemplify better than any other human pathogen the adaptive evolution of bacteria in the antibiotic era, as it has demonstrated a unique ability to quickly respond to each new antibiotic with the development of a resistance mechanism, starting with penicillin and methicillin, until the most recent, linezolid and daptomycin. Resistance mechanisms include enzymatic inactivation of the antibiotic (penicillinase and aminoglycoside-modification enzymes), alteration of the target with decreased affinity for the antibiotic (notable examples being penicillin-binding protein 2a of methicillin-resistant S. aureus and D-Ala-D-Lac of peptidoglycan precursors of vancomycin-resistant strains), trapping of the antibiotic (for vancomycin and possibly daptomycin) and efflux pumps (fluoroquinolones and tetracycline). Complex genetic arrays (staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec elements or the vanA operon) have been acquired by S. aureus through horizontal gene transfer, while resistance to other antibiotics, including some of the most recent ones (e.g., fluoroquinolones, linezolid and daptomycin) have developed through spontaneous mutations and positive selection. Detection of the resistance mechanisms and their genetic basis is an important support to antibiotic susceptibility surveillance in S. aureus.

Chemotherapeutic Studies on Schistosomiasis and Clinical Epidemiological and Immunological Studies on Malaria in Amazonas, Brazil, Along the Ituxi River.

Science.gov (United States)

1979-10-01

pouso de Anopheles darlingi e do Anopheles aguasalis nas paredes inter- nas das casas . Revista do Servirgo Especial de Sa~de P~blica, Rio de Janeiro, 2... resistente a drogas. Acta Ama- z~nica, VII(2): 289. 18. Dixon, Llewellyn, 1979. Contribui;es ao estudo da maldria em trecho da Rodovia Transamaz~nica, Brasil

Staphylococcus aureus CC398

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Price, Lance B.; Stegger, Marc; Hasman, Henrik

2012-01-01

Since its discovery in the early 2000s, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clonal complex 398 (CC398) has become a rapidly emerging cause of human infections, most often associated with livestock exposure. We applied whole-genome sequence typing to characterize a diverse collection...... of CC398 isolates (n = 89), including MRSA and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) from animals and humans spanning 19 countries and four continents. We identified 4,238 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among the 89 core genomes. Minimal homoplasy (consistency index = 0.9591) was detected...... among parsimony-informative SNPs, allowing for the generation of a highly accurate phylogenetic reconstruction of the CC398 clonal lineage. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that MSSA from humans formed the most ancestral clades. The most derived lineages were composed predominantly of livestock...

SRAO: the first southern robotic AO system

Science.gov (United States)

Law, Nicholas M.; Ziegler, Carl; Tokovinin, Andrei

2016-08-01

We present plans for SRAO, the first Southern Robotic AO system. SRAO will use AO-assisted speckle imaging and Robo-AO-heritage high efficiency observing to confirm and characterize thousands of planet candidates produced by major new transit surveys like TESS, and is the first AO system to be capable of building a comprehensive several-thousand-target multiplicity survey at sub-AU scales across the main sequence. We will also describe results from Robo-AO, the first robotic LGS-AO system. Robo-AO has observed tens of thousands of Northern targets, often using a similar speckle or Lucky-Imaging assisted mode. SRAO will be a moderate-order natural-guide-star adaptive optics system which uses an innovative photoncounting wavefront sensor and EMCCD speckle-imaging camera to guide on faint stars with the 4.1m SOAR telescope. The system will produce diffraction-limited imaging in the NIR on targets as faint as mν = 16. In AO-assisted speckle imaging mode the system will attain the 30-mas visible diffraction limit on targets at least as faint as mν = 17. The system will be the first Southern hemisphere robotic adaptive optics system, with overheads an order of magnitude smaller than comparable systems. Using Robo-AO's proven robotic AO software, SRAO will be capable of observing overheads on sub-minute scales, allowing the observation of at least 200 targets per night. SRAO will attain three times the angular resolution of the Palomar Robo-AO system in the visible.

Population structure analyses of Staphylococcus aureus at Tygerberg Hospital, South Africa, reveals a diverse population, a high prevalence of Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes, and unique local methicillin-resistant S. aureus clones

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Oosthuysen, W. F.; Orth, H.; Lombard, C. J.; Sinha, B.; Wasserman, E.

Studies reporting on the population structure of Staphylococcus aureus in South Africa have focused only on methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). This study describes the population structure of S. aureus, including methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolated from patients at Tygerberg

Invasive Staphylococcus aureus infection in an African adolescent ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Staphylococcus aureus remains an important cause of mortality, in the community and health care set-ups. S. aureus strains with genes encoding lethal toxins and culture negative sepsis augment the diagnostic challenge in resource limited settings. With a growing rate of resistance to the causative bacteria and atypical ...

Prevalence and risk factors for Staphylococcus aureus and ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Prevalence and risk factors for Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin‑resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage inpatients in a tertiary care hospital's chest clinic in Turkey. ... of the participants and risk factors for carriage. Fisher's exact test, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used. A P < 0.05 ...

Dehydrosqualene Desaturase as a Novel Target for Anti-Virulence Therapy against Staphylococcus aureus

OpenAIRE

Gao, Peng; Davies, Julian; Kao, Richard Yi Tsun

2017-01-01

ABSTRACT Staphylococcus aureus, especially methicillin-resistant S.?aureus (MRSA), is a life-threatening pathogen in hospital- and community-acquired infections. The golden-colored carotenoid pigment of S.?aureus, staphyloxanthin, contributes to the resistance to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and host neutrophil-based killing. Here, we describe a novel inhibitor (NP16) of S.?aureus pigment production that reduces the survival of S.?aureus under oxidative stress conditions. Carotenoid componen...

Gene expression-based classifiers identify Staphylococcus aureus infection in mice and humans.

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Sun Hee Ahn

Full Text Available Staphylococcus aureus causes a spectrum of human infection. Diagnostic delays and uncertainty lead to treatment delays and inappropriate antibiotic use. A growing literature suggests the host's inflammatory response to the pathogen represents a potential tool to improve upon current diagnostics. The hypothesis of this study is that the host responds differently to S. aureus than to E. coli infection in a quantifiable way, providing a new diagnostic avenue. This study uses Bayesian sparse factor modeling and penalized binary regression to define peripheral blood gene-expression classifiers of murine and human S. aureus infection. The murine-derived classifier distinguished S. aureus infection from healthy controls and Escherichia coli-infected mice across a range of conditions (mouse and bacterial strain, time post infection and was validated in outbred mice (AUC>0.97. A S. aureus classifier derived from a cohort of 94 human subjects distinguished S. aureus blood stream infection (BSI from healthy subjects (AUC 0.99 and E. coli BSI (AUC 0.84. Murine and human responses to S. aureus infection share common biological pathways, allowing the murine model to classify S. aureus BSI in humans (AUC 0.84. Both murine and human S. aureus classifiers were validated in an independent human cohort (AUC 0.95 and 0.92, respectively. The approach described here lends insight into the conserved and disparate pathways utilized by mice and humans in response to these infections. Furthermore, this study advances our understanding of S. aureus infection; the host response to it; and identifies new diagnostic and therapeutic avenues.

Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta are natural hosts of specific Staphylococcus aureus lineages.

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Sanne van den Berg

Full Text Available Currently, there is no animal model known that mimics natural nasal colonization by Staphylococcus aureus in humans. We investigated whether rhesus macaques are natural nasal carriers of S. aureus. Nasal swabs were taken from 731 macaques. S. aureus isolates were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE, spa repeat sequencing and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST, and compared with human strains. Furthermore, the isolates were characterized by several PCRs. Thirty-nine percent of 731 macaques were positive for S. aureus. In general, the macaque S. aureus isolates differed from human strains as they formed separate PFGE clusters, 50% of the isolates were untypeable by agr genotyping, 17 new spa types were identified, which all belonged to new sequence types (STs. Furthermore, 66% of macaque isolates were negative for all superantigen genes. To determine S. aureus nasal colonization, three nasal swabs from 48 duo-housed macaques were taken during a 5 month period. In addition, sera were analyzed for immunoglobulin G and A levels directed against 40 staphylococcal proteins using a bead-based flow cytometry technique. Nineteen percent of the animals were negative for S. aureus, and 17% were three times positive. S. aureus strains were easily exchanged between macaques. The antibody response was less pronounced in macaques compared to humans, and nasal carrier status was not associated with differences in serum anti-staphylococcal antibody levels. In conclusion, rhesus macaques are natural hosts of S. aureus, carrying host-specific lineages. Our data indicate that rhesus macaques are useful as an autologous model for studying S. aureus nasal colonization and infection prevention.

Identification of the ClpX Regulon in Staphylococcus aureus

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jelsbak, Lotte; Thomsen, Line Elnif; Ingmer, Hanne

Staphyloccous aureus is a major human pathogen capable of causing a wide spectrum of infections ranging from superficial wound infections to life-threatening endocarditis and toxic shock syndrome. Essential for S. aureus virulence is a large number of cell-surface-associated proteins and secreted...... we show here that almost 400 genes (15%) are influenced by the clpX deletion. Furthermore, ClpX not only regulates many virulence factors, but rather serves as a global regulator of central functions for S. aureus lifestyle and pathogenicity....

Genetic and Virulent Difference Between Pigmented and Non-pigmented Staphylococcus aureus.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Jing; Suo, Yujuan; Zhang, Daofeng; Jin, Fangning; Zhao, Hang; Shi, Chunlei

2018-01-01

Staphyloxanthin (STX), a golden carotenoid pigment produced by Staphylococcus aureus , is suggested to act as an important virulence factor due to its antioxidant properties. Restraining biosynthesis of STX was considered as an indicator of virulence decline in pigmented S. aureus isolates. However, it is not clear whether natural non-pigmented S. aureus isolates have less virulence than pigmented ones. In this study, it is aimed to compare the pigmented and non-pigmented S. aureus isolates to clarify the genetic and virulent differences between the two groups. Here, 132 S. aureus isolates were divided into two phenotype groups depending on the absorbance (OD 450 ) of the extracted carotenoids. Then, all isolates were subjected to spa typing and multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and then the detection of presence of 30 virulence factors and the gene integrity of crtN and crtM . Furthermore, 24 typical S. aureus isolates and 4 S. argenteus strains were selected for the murine infection assay of in vivo virulence, in which the histological observation and enumeration of CFUs were carried out. These isolates were distributed in 26 sequence types (STs) and 49 spa types. The pigmented isolates were scattered in 25 STs, while the non-pigmented isolates were more centralized, which mainly belonged to ST20 (59%) and ST25 (13%). Among the 54 non-pigmented isolates, about 20% carried intact crtN and crtM genes. The in vivo assay suggested that comparing with pigmented S. aureus , non-pigmented S. aureus and S. argenteus strains did not show a reduced virulence in murine sepsis models. Therefore, it suggested that there were no significant genetic and virulent differences between pigmented and non-pigmented S. aureus .

Dehydrosqualene Desaturase as a Novel Target for Anti-Virulence Therapy against Staphylococcus aureus

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Peng Gao

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Staphylococcus aureus, especially methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA, is a life-threatening pathogen in hospital- and community-acquired infections. The golden-colored carotenoid pigment of S. aureus, staphyloxanthin, contributes to the resistance to reactive oxygen species (ROS and host neutrophil-based killing. Here, we describe a novel inhibitor (NP16 of S. aureus pigment production that reduces the survival of S. aureus under oxidative stress conditions. Carotenoid components analysis, enzyme inhibition, and crtN mutational studies indicated that the molecular target of NP16 is dehydrosqualene desaturase (CrtN. S. aureus treated with NP16 showed increased susceptibility to human neutrophil killing and to innate immune clearance in a mouse infection model. Our study validates CrtN as a novel druggable target in S. aureus and presents a potent and effective lead compound for the development of virulence factor-based therapy against S. aureus.

Resistência ao tratamento nos transtornos de ansiedade: fobia social, transtorno de ansiedade generalizada e transtorno do pânico Treatment-resistant anxiety disorders: social phobia, generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gabriela Bezerra de Menezes

2007-10-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Os transtornos de ansiedade são condições psiquiátricas prevalentes que determinam importante prejuízo funcional, piora na qualidade de vida do indivíduo e um enorme custo social. Embora diversas medicações eficazes para os transtornos de ansiedade encontrem-se disponíveis, um número significativo de pacientes não responde adequadamente ao tratamento e muitos permanecem com sintomas residuais clinicamente significativos. O objetivo deste estudo é rever aspectos relacionados à resistência ao tratamento e estratégias farmacológicas no manejo dos transtornos de ansiedade resistentes ao tratamento. MÉTODO: Revisão narrativa. RESULTADOS: São discutidos os diversos aspectos conceituais relacionados à resistência ao tratamento, os possíveis preditores de resistência e, finalmente, algumas estratégias a serem utilizadas no manejo dos transtornos de ansiedade (incluindo transtorno de ansiedade social, transtorno de ansiedade generalizada e transtorno do pânico que não respondem às abordagens terapêuticas convencionais. CONCLUSÃO: A resistência ao tratamento ainda é um desafio para a prática clínica que começa em conceitos não operacionalizados de resposta e resistência e termina na escassez de estudos controlados sobre estratégias de tratamento nesse último cenário clínico.OBJECTIVES: Anxiety disorders are common psychiatric conditions that cause significant disability, poor quality of life and enormous social cost. Although treatments with demonstrable efficacy are available a great number of patients fail to respond or remains with clinically significant residual symptoms after treatment. The objective of this study is to review aspects related to treatment resistance and pharmacological strategies to deal with anxiety disorders resistant to treatment. METHOD: Narrative review. RESULTS: We discuss conceptual aspects related to treatment resistance or refractoriness, predictors of poor treatment outcome

Colonization and biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus on endothelial cell layers under flow

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Grønnemose, Rasmus Birkholm; Antoinette Asferg, Cecilie; Kolmos, Hans Jørn

Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen and known for causing vascular infections such as sepsis and infective endocarditis. It has previously been proposed that S. aureus succeed in colonization of the endothelial wall by specific surface attachment likely followed by biofilm formation....... Furthermore, S. aureus is known to invade human cells, which has been proposed to promote persistence through immune and antibiotic evasion. In the current study, we sought to investigate endothelial colonization, invasion, and biofilm formation by S. aureus using a newly developed in vitro flow chamber model....... We show that under physiological shear rates, S. aureus utilizes cellular invasion to enable the following surface colonization and biofilm formation. These observations might help explain the success of S. aureus as a bloodstream pathogen and guide further studies in S. aureus pathogenesis...

Antimicrobial activity of Lactobacillus salivarius and Lactobacillus fermentum against Staphylococcus aureus.

Science.gov (United States)

Kang, Mi-Sun; Lim, Hae-Soon; Oh, Jong-Suk; Lim, You-Jin; Wuertz-Kozak, Karin; Harro, Janette M; Shirtliff, Mark E; Achermann, Yvonne

2017-03-01

The increasing prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus has become a major public health threat. While lactobacilli were recently found useful in combating various pathogens, limited data exist on their therapeutic potential for S. aureus infections. The aim of this study was to determine whether Lactobacillus salivarius was able to produce bactericidal activities against S. aureus and to determine whether the inhibition was due to a generalized reduction in pH or due to secreted Lactobacillus product(s). We found an 8.6-log10 reduction of planktonic and a 6.3-log10 reduction of biofilm S. aureus. In contrast, the previously described anti-staphylococcal effects of L. fermentum only caused a 4.0-log10 reduction in planktonic S. aureus cells, with no effect on biofilm S. aureus cells. Killing of S. aureus was partially pH dependent, but independent of nutrient depletion. Cell-free supernatant that was pH neutralized and heat inactivated or proteinase K treated had significantly reduced killing of L. salivarius than with pH-neutralized supernatant alone. Proteomic analysis of the L. salivarius secretome identified a total of five secreted proteins including a LysM-containing peptidoglycan binding protein and a protein peptidase M23B. These proteins may represent potential novel anti-staphylococcal agents that could be effective against S. aureus biofilms. © FEMS 2017. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Comparison of five tests for identification of Staphylococcus aureus from clinical samples

NARCIS (Netherlands)

A. Luijendijk (Ad); A.F. van Belkum (Alex); J.A.J.W. Kluytmans (Jan); H.A. Verbrugh (Henri)

1996-01-01

textabstractFive different laboratory tests for the identification of Staphylococcus aureus were compared. Analyses of 271 presumptive S. aureus strains, supplemented with 59 well-defined methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates, were performed. Only the

Antibiotic tolerance and the alternative lifestyles of Staphylococcus aureus.

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Bui, Long M G; Conlon, Brian P; Kidd, Stephen P

2017-02-28

Staphylococcus aureus has an incredible ability to survive, either by adapting to environmental conditions or defending against exogenous stress. Although there are certainly important genetic traits, in part this ability is provided by the breadth of modes of growth S. aureus can adopt. It has been proposed that while within their host, S. aureus survives host-generated and therapeutic antimicrobial stress via alternative lifestyles: a persister sub-population, through biofilm growth on host tissue or by growing as small colony variants (SCVs). Key to an understanding of chronic and relapsing S. aureus infections is determining the molecular basis for its switch to these quasi-dormant lifestyles. In a multicellular biofilm, the metabolically quiescent bacterial community additionally produces a highly protective extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). Furthermore, there are bacteria within a biofilm community that have an altered physiology potentially equivalent to persister cells. Recent studies have directly linked the cellular ATP production by persister cells as their key feature and the basis for their tolerance of a range of antibiotics. In clinical settings, SCVs of S. aureus have been observed for many years; when cultured, these cells form non-pigmented colonies and are approximately ten times smaller than their counterparts. Various genotypic factors have been identified in attempts to characterize S. aureus SCVs and different environmental stresses have been implicated as important inducers. © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society.

A porcine model of haematogenous brain infectionwith staphylococcus aureus

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Astrup, Lærke Boye; Agerholm, Jørgen Steen; Nielsen, Ole Lerberg

2012-01-01

A PORCINE MODEL OF HAEMATOGENOUS BRAIN INFECTION WITH STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS Astrup Lærke1, Agerholm Jørgen1, Nielsen Ole1, Jensen Henrik1, Leifsson Páll1, Iburg Tine2. 1: Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark boye@life.ku.dk 2: National Veterinary Institute......, Uppsala, Sweden Introduction Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) is a common cause of sepsis and brain abscesses in man and a frequent cause of porcine pyaemia. Here we present a porcine model of haematogenous S. aureus-induced brain infection. Materials and Methods Four pigs had two intravenous catheters...... thromboemboli (two pigs). The venous catheter was used for blood sampling before, during and after inoculation. The pigs were euthanized either 24 or 48 hours after inoculation. The brains were collected and examined histologically. Results We describe unifocal suppurative encephalitis 48 hours after...

Staphylococcus aureus produces membrane-derived vesicles that induce host cell death.

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Mamata Gurung

Full Text Available Gram-negative bacteria produce outer membrane vesicles that play a role in the delivery of virulence factors to host cells. However, little is known about the membrane-derived vesicles (MVs produced by gram-positive bacteria. The present study examined the production of MVs from Staphylococcus aureus and investigated the delivery of MVs to host cells and subsequent cytotoxicity. Four S. aureus strains tested, two type strains and two clinical isolates, produced spherical nanovesicles during in vitro culture. MVs were also produced during in vivo infection of a clinical S. aureus isolate in a mouse pneumonia model. Proteomic analysis showed that 143 different proteins were identified in the S. aureus-derived MVs. S. aureus MVs were interacted with the plasma membrane of host cells via a cholesterol-rich membrane microdomain and then delivered their component protein A to host cells within 30 min. Intact S. aureus MVs induced apoptosis of HEp-2 cells in a dose-dependent manner, whereas lysed MVs neither delivered their component into the cytosol of host cells nor induced cytotoxicity. In conclusion, this study is the first report that S. aureus MVs are an important vehicle for delivery of bacterial effector molecules to host cells.

Dehydrosqualene Desaturase as a Novel Target for Anti-Virulence Therapy against Staphylococcus aureus.

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Gao, Peng; Davies, Julian; Kao, Richard Yi Tsun

2017-09-05

Staphylococcus aureus , especially methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), is a life-threatening pathogen in hospital- and community-acquired infections. The golden-colored carotenoid pigment of S. aureus , staphyloxanthin, contributes to the resistance to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and host neutrophil-based killing. Here, we describe a novel inhibitor (NP16) of S. aureus pigment production that reduces the survival of S. aureus under oxidative stress conditions. Carotenoid components analysis, enzyme inhibition, and crtN mutational studies indicated that the molecular target of NP16 is dehydrosqualene desaturase (CrtN). S. aureus treated with NP16 showed increased susceptibility to human neutrophil killing and to innate immune clearance in a mouse infection model. Our study validates CrtN as a novel druggable target in S. aureus and presents a potent and effective lead compound for the development of virulence factor-based therapy against S. aureus IMPORTANCE S. aureus staphyloxanthin contributes substantially to pathogenesis by interfering with host immune clearance mechanisms, but it has little impact on ex vivo survival of the bacterium. Agents blocking staphyloxanthin production may discourage the establishment and maintenance of bacterial infection without exerting selective pressure for antimicrobial resistance. Our newly discovered CrtN inhibitor, NP16, may offer an effective strategy for combating S. aureus infections. Copyright © 2017 Gao et al.

DA PSICODINÂMICA DO TRABALHO AO DIREITO FUNDAMENTAL AO CONTEÚDO DO PRÓPRIO TRABALHO E AO MEIO AMBIENTE ORGANIZACIONAL SAUDÁVEL

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Leonardo Vieira Wandelli

2015-10-01

Full Text Available O presente artigo procura traçar alguns elementos que pretendem articular como, a partir do discurso jurídico, podem ser significados os aportes sobre saúde e trabalho, especialmente aqueles trazidos pela abordagem da Psicodinâmica do Trabalho. Um caminho, assim, que vai dos estudos sobre sujeito, trabalho e saúde até o Direito Constitucional, que afirma como seu fundamento a dignidade humana, indissociável da centralidade antropológica do trabalho; um vínculo expressado pelo direito fundamental ao trabalho que, aqui, se propõe reconstruir a partir do desvelamento de um direito fundamental ao conteúdo do próprio trabalho, articulado ao conceito de meio ambiente organizacional do trabalho. 

New epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus infection in Asia.

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Chen, C-J; Huang, Y-C

2014-07-01

Not only is Asia the most populous region in the world, but inappropriate therapy, including self-medication with over-the-counter antimicrobial agents, is a common response to infectious diseases. The high antibiotic selective pressure among the overcrowded inhabitants creates an environment that is suitable for the rapid development and efficient spread of numerous multidrug-resistant pathogens. Indeed, Asia is among the regions with the highest prevalence rates of healthcare-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (HA-MRSA) and community-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA) in the world. Most hospitals in Asia are endemic for multidrug-resistant methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), with an estimated proportion from 28% (in Hong Kong and Indonesia) to >70% (in Korea) among all clinical S. aureus isolates in the early 2010s. Isolates with reduced susceptibility or a high level of resistance to glycopeptides have also been increasingly identified in the past few years. In contrast, the proportion of MRSA among community-associated S. aureus infections in Asian countries varies markedly, from 35%. Two pandemic HA-MRSA clones, namely multilocus sequence type (ST) 239 and ST5, are disseminated internationally in Asia, whereas the molecular epidemiology of CA-MRSA in Asia is characterized by clonal heterogeneity, similar to that in Europe. In this review, the epidemiology of S. aureus in both healthcare facilities and communities in Asia is addressed, with an emphasis on the prevalence, clonal structure and antibiotic resistant profiles of the MRSA strains. The novel MRSA strains from livestock animals have been considered to constitute a public health threat in western countries. The emerging livestock-associated MRSA strains in Asia are also included in this review. © 2014 The Authors Clinical Microbiology and Infection © 2014 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.

Molecular basis of virulence in Staphylococcus aureus mastitis.

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Caroline Le Maréchal

Full Text Available S. aureus is one of the main pathogens involved in ruminant mastitis worldwide. The severity of staphylococcal infection is highly variable, ranging from subclinical to gangrenous mastitis. This work represents an in-depth characterization of S. aureus mastitis isolates to identify bacterial factors involved in severity of mastitis infection.We employed genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic approaches to comprehensively compare two clonally related S. aureus strains that reproducibly induce severe (strain O11 and milder (strain O46 mastitis in ewes. Variation in the content of mobile genetic elements, iron acquisition and metabolism, transcriptional regulation and exoprotein production was observed. In particular, O11 produced relatively high levels of exoproteins, including toxins and proteases known to be important in virulence. A characteristic we observed in other S. aureus strains isolated from clinical mastitis cases.Our data are consistent with a dose-dependant role of some staphylococcal factors in the hypervirulence of strains isolated from severe mastitis. Mobile genetic elements, transcriptional regulators, exoproteins and iron acquisition pathways constitute good targets for further research to define the underlying mechanisms of mastitis severity.

Metastatic Spreading of Community Acquired Staphylococcus aureus Bacteraemia

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Giovanna Fabio

2011-01-01

Full Text Available A 29-year-old woman presented to the Fondazione IRCCS “Cà Granda” Ospedale Maggiore, a tertiary care university hospital in Milan (Italy, with skin lesions, fever, myalgia, joint pain and swelling, and a one-week history of low back pain. The diagnosis was Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus bacteraemia spreading to skin, bones, and joints and a lumbosacral epidural abscess L5-S2. Neither initial focus nor predisposing conditions were apparent. The antibiotic therapy was prolonged for six-weeks with the resolution of fever, skin lesions, articular inflammation, and the epidural abscess. Community-acquired S. aureus infections can affect patients without traditional healthcare-associated risk factors, and community acquisition is a risk-factor for the development of complications. Raised awareness of S. aureus bacteraemia, also in patients without healthcare-associated risk factors, is important in the diagnosis, management, and control of this infection, because failure to recognise patients with serious infection and lack of understanding of empirical antimicrobial selection are associated with a high mortality rate in otherwise healthy people.

Genetic and Virulent Difference Between Pigmented and Non-pigmented Staphylococcus aureus

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Jing Zhang

2018-04-01

Full Text Available Staphyloxanthin (STX, a golden carotenoid pigment produced by Staphylococcus aureus, is suggested to act as an important virulence factor due to its antioxidant properties. Restraining biosynthesis of STX was considered as an indicator of virulence decline in pigmented S. aureus isolates. However, it is not clear whether natural non-pigmented S. aureus isolates have less virulence than pigmented ones. In this study, it is aimed to compare the pigmented and non-pigmented S. aureus isolates to clarify the genetic and virulent differences between the two groups. Here, 132 S. aureus isolates were divided into two phenotype groups depending on the absorbance (OD450 of the extracted carotenoids. Then, all isolates were subjected to spa typing and multilocus sequence typing (MLST, and then the detection of presence of 30 virulence factors and the gene integrity of crtN and crtM. Furthermore, 24 typical S. aureus isolates and 4 S. argenteus strains were selected for the murine infection assay of in vivo virulence, in which the histological observation and enumeration of CFUs were carried out. These isolates were distributed in 26 sequence types (STs and 49 spa types. The pigmented isolates were scattered in 25 STs, while the non-pigmented isolates were more centralized, which mainly belonged to ST20 (59% and ST25 (13%. Among the 54 non-pigmented isolates, about 20% carried intact crtN and crtM genes. The in vivo assay suggested that comparing with pigmented S. aureus, non-pigmented S. aureus and S. argenteus strains did not show a reduced virulence in murine sepsis models. Therefore, it suggested that there were no significant genetic and virulent differences between pigmented and non-pigmented S. aureus.

Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and of methicillin-resistant S. aureus clonal complexes in bulk tank milk from dairy cattle herds in Lombardy Region (Northern Italy).

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Cortimiglia, C; Luini, M; Bianchini, V; Marzagalli, L; Vezzoli, F; Avisani, D; Bertoletti, M; Ianzano, A; Franco, A; Battisti, A

2016-10-01

Staphylococcus aureus is the most important causative agent of subclinical mastitis in cattle resulting in reduced milk production and quality. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains has a clear zoonotic relevance, especially in the case of occupational exposure. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA in bulk tank milk (BTM) from dairy cattle herds in the Lombardy Region (Northern Italy) and to identify the main MRSA circulating genotypes. MRSA strains were characterized by susceptibility testing, multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), spa typing and SCCmec typing. A total 844 BTM samples were analysed and S. aureus and MRSA were detected in 47·2% and 3·8% of dairy herds, respectively. MLST showed that the majority (28/32) of isolates belonged to the typical livestock-associated lineages: ST398, ST97 and ST1. Interestingly, in this study we report for the first time the new ST3211, a single locus variant of ST(CC)22, with the newly described 462 aroE allele. Our study indicates high diffusion of S. aureus mastitis and low, but not negligible, prevalence of MRSA in the considered area, suggesting the need for planning specific control programmes for bovine mastitis caused by S. aureus, especially when MRSA is implicated.

Lucky number seven: RNase 7 can prevent Staphylococcus aureus skin colonization.

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Cho, John S; Xuan, Caiyun; Miller, Lloyd S

2010-12-01

Staphylococcus aureus colonization is a major risk factor for infection. In this issue, Simanski et al. demonstrate that the antimicrobial peptide RNase 7 is essential for preventing S. aureus colonization in human skin. These findings suggest that therapeutic interventions aimed at targeting RNase 7 production in the skin may be a novel strategy to protect against S. aureus infections.

Nasal carriage of multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus in ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Background: Nasal Staphylococcus aureus is a major source of community and hospital associated staphylococcal infections. This study determined the prevalence of nasal S. aureus isolates and investigated their antimicrobial resistance profile in healthy volunteers. Methods: Nasal specimens of healthy volunteers in ...

agradecimento aos consultores ad hoc

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REA Editor

2012-02-01

Full Text Available Agradecemos aos professores Nildo Viana (UFG e Flavio Sofiati (UFG, organizadores do DOSSIÊ JUVENTUDE & SOCIEDADE, e aos Consultores Ad hoc pela leitura e apreciação crítica dos artigos submetidos e publicados nesta edição.

Staphylococcus aureus colonization in atopic eczema and its association with filaggrin gene mutations

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Clausen, M. L.; Edslev, S. M.; Andersen, P. S.

2017-01-01

was to assess differences in S. aureus colonization in patients with AD with and without filaggrin gene mutations. The secondary aim was to assess disease severity in relation to S. aureus colonization. Exploratory analyses were performed to investigate S. aureus genetic lineages in relation to filaggrin gene...... were characterized with respect to disease severity (Scoring Atopic Dermatitis) and FLG mutations (n = 88). Fisher's exact test was used to analyse differences in S. aureus colonization in relation to FLG mutations. Results: Of the 101 patients included, 74 (73%) were colonized with S. aureus....... Of the colonized patients, 70 (95%) carried only one CC type in all three different sampling sites. In lesional skin, S. aureus was found in 24 of 31 patients with FLG mutations vs. 24 of 54 wild-type patients (P = 0·0004). Staphylococcus aureusCC1 clonal lineage was more prevalent in patients with FLG mutations...

The molecular changing mechanism of Ampicillin-Sulbactam resistant Staphylococcus aureus towards Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus

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Mieke Hemiawati Satari

2005-12-01

Full Text Available The aim of this study was to determine the molecular changing of S.aureus, which is resistant to Ampicillin-Sulbactam and then become resistant to Methicillin as a result of improper dosage. The study was conducted by isolating Ampicillin-Sulbactam resistant and Methicillin Resistant S.aureus (MRSA, afterwards an amplification process was performed by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction. to isolate the betalactamase enzyme regulator and PBP 2a genes. The result of this research showed that there were a deletion of few amino acids from the regulator gene, and a suspicion that the DNA sequence had been substituted from PBP 2 gene into PBP 2a (gen mec. This process had formed MRSA.

Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates Transmitted between Patients with Buruli Ulcer.

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Amissah, Nana Ama; Chlebowicz, Monika A; Ablordey, Anthony; Sabat, Artur J; Tetteh, Caitlin S; Prah, Isaac; van der Werf, Tjip S; Friedrich, Alex W; van Dijl, Jan Maarten; Rossen, John W; Stienstra, Ymkje

2015-01-01

Buruli ulcer (BU) is a skin infection caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans. The wounds of most BU patients are colonized with different microorganisms, including Staphylococcus aureus. This study investigated possible patient-to-patient transmission events of S. aureus during wound care in a health care center. S. aureus isolates from different BU patients with overlapping visits to the clinic were whole-genome sequenced and analyzed by a gene-by-gene approach using SeqSphere(+) software. In addition, sequence data were screened for the presence of genes that conferred antibiotic resistance. SeqSphere(+) analysis of whole-genome sequence data confirmed transmission of methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and methicillin susceptible S. aureus among patients that took place during wound care. Interestingly, our sequence data show that the investigated MRSA isolates carry a novel allele of the fexB gene conferring chloramphenicol resistance, which had thus far not been observed in S. aureus.

Herança da resistência ao enfezamento em milho Inheritance of the resistance to corn stunt

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Flávio Trevizoli Silveira

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Os objetivos deste trabalho foram determinar a herança da resistência ao complexo de enfezamento em milho e determinar as melhores fontes de resistência entre as linhagens estudadas. Foram realizadas as análises dialélica e médias de gerações em linhagens de milho. Para a análise dialélica, foram cruzadas 12 linhagens de milho, em dialélico parcial. Para análises de médias de gerações, foram cruzadas três linhagens resistentes e quatro suscetíveis, para a obtenção das gerações F1, F2, RCP R e RCP S. Os trabalhos foram conduzidos em Jaboticabal, SP. A incidência de enfezamento foi avaliada no estádio fenológico R3. Efeitos significativos quanto à capacidade geral de combinação e capacidade específica de combinação foram obtidos, o que indicou que, no controle do caráter enfezamentos, estão envolvidos tanto os efeitos aditivos quanto os de dominância. Análises de médias de gerações mostraram a presença de poucos genes envolvidos com o controle da resistência, com predominância de efeitos aditivos, o que permite a seleção de genótipos resistentes. As linhagens L02, L03 e L05 poderão ser utilizadas como fontes de resistência, em futuras combinações híbridas.The objectives of this work were to determine the inheritance of resistance to corn stunt and determine the best resistance sources among the studied inbred lines. Diallel analysis and generation means were made for corn inbred lines. For the diallel analysis, twelve corn-inbred lines were crossed, in a partial diallel scheme. For the analyses of generation means, three resistant inbred lines and four susceptible ones were crossed, to obtain the F1, F2, RCP R and RCP S generations. The experiments were carried out in Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. Corn sfunt incidence was evaluated at the phenological phase R3. Significant effects for CGC and CEC were obtained, which indicated that both additive and dominance effects were involved in corn expression of

Low Efficacy of Antibiotics Against Staphylococcus aureus Airway Colonization in Ventilated Patients.

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Stulik, Lukas; Hudcova, Jana; Craven, Donald E; Nagy, Gabor; Nagy, Eszter

2017-04-15

Airway-colonization by Staphylococcus aureus predisposes to the development of ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis (VAT) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Despite extensive antibiotic treatment of intensive care unit patients, limited data are available on the efficacy of antibiotics on bacterial airway colonization and/or prevention of infections. Therefore, microbiologic responses to antibiotic treatment were evaluated in ventilated patients. Results of semiquantitative analyses of S. aureus burden in serial endotracheal-aspirate (ETA) samples and VAT/VAP diagnosis were correlated to antibiotic treatment. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of relevant antibiotics using serially collected isolates were evaluated. Forty-eight mechanically ventilated patients who were S. aureus positive by ETA samples and treated with relevant antibiotics for at least 2 consecutive days were included in the study. Vancomycin failed to reduce methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) or methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) burden in the airways. Oxacillin was ineffective for MSSA colonization in approximately 30% of the patients, and responders were typically coadministered additional antibiotics. Despite antibiotic exposure, 15 of the 39 patients (approximately 38%) colonized only by S. aureus and treated with appropriate antibiotic for at least 2 days still progressed to VAP. Importantly, no change in antibiotic susceptibility of S. aureus isolates was observed during treatment. Staphylococcus aureus colonization levels inversely correlated with the presence of normal respiratory flora. Antibiotic treatment is ineffective in reducing S. aureus colonization in the lower airways and preventing VAT or VAP. Staphylococcus aureus is in competition for colonization with the normal respiratory flora. To improve patient outcomes, alternatives to antibiotics are urgently needed. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of

Persistent environmental contamination with USA300 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and other pathogenic strain types in households with S. aureus skin infections.

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Eells, Samantha J; David, Michael Z; Taylor, Alexis; Ortiz, Nancy; Kumar, Neha; Sieth, Julia; Boyle-Vavra, Susan; Daum, Robert S; Miller, Loren G

2014-11-01

To understand the genotypic spectrum of environmental contamination of Staphylococcus aureus in households and its persistence. Prospective longitudinal cohort investigation. Index participants identified at 2 academic medical centers. Adults and children with S. aureus skin infections and their household contacts in Los Angeles and Chicago. Household fomites were surveyed for contamination at baseline and 3 months. All isolates underwent genetic typing. We enrolled 346 households, 88% of which completed the 3-month follow-up visit. S. aureus environmental contamination was 49% at baseline and 51% at 3 months. Among households with a USA300 methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) body infection isolate, environmental contamination with an indistinguishable MRSA strain was 58% at baseline and 63% at 3 months. Baseline factors associated with environmental contamination by the index subject's infection isolate were body colonization by any household member with the index subject's infection isolate at baseline (odds ratio [OR], 10.93 [95% confidence interval (CI), 5.75-20.79]), higher housing density (OR, 1.47 [95% CI, 1.10-1.96]), and more frequent household fomite cleaning (OR, 1.62 [95% CI, 1.16-2.27]). Household environmental contamination with the index subject's infection strain at 3 months was associated with USA300 MRSA and a synergistic interaction between baseline environmental contamination and body colonization by any household member with the index subject's infection strain. We found that infecting S. aureus isolates frequently persisted environmentally in households 3 months after skin infection. Presence of pathogenic S. aureus strain type in the environment in a household may represent a persistent reservoir that places household members at risk of future infection.

Combate ao niilismo e ao totalitarismo em Camus

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Emanuel Ricardo Germano

2013-05-01

Full Text Available A partir de uma leitura da peça Calígula, elaborada entre 1941 e 1943, procurar-se-á contribuir na restituição das preocupações éticas, políticas e filosóficas em cena no teatro de Albert Camus, analisando o sentido de sua expressão teatral no contexto de dois combates,ao niilismo filosófico e ao totalitarismo político de seu tempo. Observaremos em Calígula um importante registro do amadurecimento das leituras de duas heranças filosóficas relevantes na formação intelectual de Camus, Nietzsche e Heráclito, à luz da experiência do totalitarismo, observando e ressaltando com isso a amplitude de seu intertexto filosófico e a importância do aporte ético e político de Camus como pensador multifacetado, engajado nos enfrentamentos históricos e solicitações críticas de seu tempo.

Antimicrobial activity of some sulfonamide derivatives on clinical isolates of Staphylococus aureus

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Bekdemir Yunus

2008-08-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Staphylococcus aureus is a non-motile, gram positive, non-sporforming, facultative anaerobic microorganism. It is one of the important bacteria as a potential pathogen specifically for nosocomial infections. The sulfonamide derivative medicines are preferred to cure infection caused by S. aureus due to methicillin resistance. Methods Antimicrobial activity of four sulfonamide derivatives have been investigated against 50 clinical isolates of S. aureus and tested by using MIC and disc diffusion methods. 50 clinical isolate which collected from specimens of patients who are given medical treatment in Ondokuz Mayis University Medical School Hospital. A control strain of S. aureus ATCC 29213 was also tested. Results The strongest inhibition was observed in the cases of I [N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitro-phenyl-4-methyl-benzensulfonamid], and II [N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl-4-methyl-benzensulfonamid] against S. aureus. Compound I [N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitro-phenyl-4-methyl-benzensulfonamid] showed higher effect on 21 S. aureus MRSAisolates than oxacillin antibiotic. Introducing an electron withdrawing on the ring increased the antimicrobial activity remarkably. Conclusion This study may help to suggest an alternative possible leading compound for development of new antimicrobial agents against MRSA and MSSA resistant S. aureus. It was also shown here that that clinical isolates of 50 S. aureus have various resistance patterns against to four sulfonamide derivatives. It may also be emphasized here that in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing results for S. aureus need standardization with further studies and it should also have a correlation with in vivo therapeutic response experiments.

Efeito modulador do extrato de plantas medicinais do gênero Spondias sobre a resistência de cepas de Staphylococcus aureus à Eritromicina

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Laianne Carla Batista Alencar

2015-09-01

Full Text Available A acentuada resistência bacteriana gera uma necessidade de desenvolver novos fármacos e a pesquisa com plantas medicinais, como fontes de substâncias bioativas vêm sendo um indicativo para descoberta de eficientes agentes terapêuticos. Microrganismos do gênero Staphylococcus são cocos Gram positivos, que podem causar supurações, abscessos e diversas infecções piogênicas em humanos e animais. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a atividade moduladora de extratos de plantas medicinais do gênero Spondias frente à Staphylococcus aureus resistentes a eritromicina. A concentração inibitória mínima e a capacidade de modular a resistência das cepas de S. aureus à Eritromicina foram avaliadas pelo método de microduluição. Os resultados mostraram que a associação de eritromicina com Spondias purpurea apresentou efeito sinérgico sobre as cepas SA04 e SA05. Enquanto que a Spondias mombin apresentou sinergismos sobre a ATCC, SA01, SA03 e SA05. O bioensaio com A. salina demonstrou que S. purpurea e S. mombin, apresentaram em CL50 1000 e 482,5 μg/mL, respectivamente. Os resultados são promissores e sugerem que os extratos de espécies do gênero Spondias possuem potencial como agentes moduladores de resistência bacteriana.Palavras-chave: Spondias purpurea L. Spondias mombin L. Modulação. Resistência bacteriana. ABSTRACTModulatory effect of the extract of medicinal plants of Spondias genus on resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to ErythromycinThe marked bacterial resistance generates a need to develop new drugs and research on medicinal plants as sources of bioactive substances has been an indication for efficient discovery of therapeutic agents. Microorganisms of the genus Staphylococcus are Gram positive coccus, which can cause suppuration, abscesses and various pyogenic infections in humans and animals. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the modulatory activity of extracts of medicinal

A Prediction of the Damping Properties of Hindered Phenol AO-60/polyacrylate Rubber (AO-60/ACM) Composites through Molecular Dynamics Simulation

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Yang, Da-Wei; Zhao, Xiu-Ying; Zhang, Geng; Li, Qiang-Guo; Wu, Si-Zhu

2016-05-01

Molecule dynamics (MD) simulation, a molecular-level method, was applied to predict the damping properties of AO-60/polyacrylate rubber (AO-60/ACM) composites before experimental measures were performed. MD simulation results revealed that two types of hydrogen bond, namely, type A (AO-60) -OH•••O=C- (ACM), type B (AO-60) - OH•••O=C- (AO-60) were formed. Then, the AO-60/ACM composites were fabricated and tested to verify the accuracy of the MD simulation through dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). DMTA results showed that the introduction of AO-60 could remarkably improve the damping properties of the composites, including the increase of glass transition temperature (Tg) alongside with the loss factor (tan δ), also indicating the AO-60/ACM(98/100) had the best damping performance amongst the composites which verified by the experimental.

Staphylococcus aureus and the ecology of the nasal microbiome

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Liu, Cindy M; Price, Lance B; Hungate, Bruce A

2015-01-01

The human microbiome can play a key role in host susceptibility to pathogens, including in the nasal cavity, a site favored by Staphylococcus aureus. However, what determines our resident nasal microbiota-the host or the environment-and can interactions among nasal bacteria determine S. aureus...

Effect of temperature on antibacterial activity of lidocaine to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Science.gov (United States)

Taki, Y; Seki, K; Ikigai, H; Nishihara, S; Ueno, H; Murota, K; Masuda, S

1988-01-01

The effect of temperature on the antibacterial activity of lidocaine to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was investigated in vitro. At 10 C at which S. aureus organisms do not grow and might be metabolically inactive, the antibacterial activity of lidocaine to S. aureus was not observed in a concentration of 1%, which was quite antibacterial to S. aureus at 37 C. On the other hand, at 40 C a conspicuously increased antibacterial activity to S. aureus of lidocaine was observed in a concentration of 0.25% which was not antibacterial to S. aureus organisms at 37 C. Similar results were obtained when P. aeruginosa organisms were examined in place of S. aureus, although P. aeruginosa was found to be less susceptible to lidocaine than S. aureus. The clinical significance of the thermal effect on the antibacterial activity of lidocaine was discussed in brief.

Risk factors for Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization in Danish middle-aged and elderly twins

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Andersen, P S; Larsen, Lisbeth Aagaard; Fowler, V G

2013-01-01

on S. aureus carriage in Danish middle-aged and elderly twins, which indicated no significant heritability that could account for the observed S. aureus carriage. In the present study, we performed a questionnaire-based study of S. aureus colonization on the same cohort of 2,196 Danish middle......-aged and elderly twins to identify specific risk factors for S. aureus nasal colonization, including analyzing the paired twins (n = 478) that were discordant for S. aureus colonization. We found associations between risk factors and S. aureus nasal colonization among middle-aged and elderly twins, including age......, male gender, psoriasis, and atopic diseases. Also, present living on a farm is clearly associated with S. aureus colonization, while smoking had a borderline statistically significant protective effect....

Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in Shrimps in Tehran during 2013

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Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Background During fishing and transport, preservation and quality of fish products are importantas well as storage to prevent the growth of pathogenic and toxin producing bacteria.Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common causes of sea food-borne diseases worldwidedue to contamination of food by preformed enterotoxins. The aim of this study was to compare theprevalence and contamination of S. aureus in marine and farmed shrimps in Tehran fishery center.Methods: A total of 300 samples, including 150 marine, 150 farmed shrimps were selected duringSeptember 2013 to December 2013. Isolation and identification of S. aureus from isolated sampleswere carried out according to conventional methods, and antibiotic susceptibility test wasperformed by modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion methodResults: The results of this study showed that 30% of marine and 20% off armed shrimps werecontaminated with S. aureus. The highest resistance was observed with penicillin and ampicillin,whereas 100% were sensitive to vancomycin, clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, and rifampin.Conclusions: Due to relatively high contamination of shrimp by S. aureus more attention shouldbe given during processing and manufacturing.

Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in Shrimps in Tehran during 2013

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Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal

2016-02-01

Full Text Available Background During fishing and transport, preservation and quality of fish products are importantas well as storage to prevent the growth of pathogenic and toxin producing bacteria.Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common causes of sea food-borne diseases worldwidedue to contamination of food by preformed enterotoxins. The aim of this study was to compare theprevalence and contamination of S. aureus in marine and farmed shrimps in Tehran fishery center.Methods: A total of 300 samples, including 150 marine, 150 farmed shrimps were selected duringSeptember 2013 to December 2014. Isolation and identification of S. aureus from isolated sampleswere carried out according to conventional methods, and antibiotic susceptibility test wasperformed by modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.Results: The results of this study showed that 30% of marine and 20% off armed shrimps werecontaminated with S. aureus. The highest resistance was observed with penicillin and ampicillin,whereas 100% were sensitive to vancomycin, clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, and rifampin.Conclusions: Due to relatively high contamination of shrimp by S. aureus more attention shouldbe given during processing and manufacturing.

Antibacterial Action of Curcumin against Staphylococcus aureus: A Brief Review

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Sin-Yeang Teow

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Curcumin, the major constituent of Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae family or turmeric, commonly used for cooking in Asian cuisine, is known to possess a broad range of pharmacological properties at relatively nontoxic doses. Curcumin is found to be effective against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus. As demonstrated by in vitro experiment, curcumin exerts even more potent effects when used in combination with various other antibacterial agents. Hence, curcumin which is a natural product derived from plant is believed to have profound medicinal benefits and could be potentially developed into a naturally derived antibiotic in the future. However, there are several noteworthy challenges in the development of curcumin as a medicine. S. aureus infections, particularly those caused by the multidrug-resistant strains, have emerged as a global health issue and urgent action is needed. This review focuses on the antibacterial activities of curcumin against both methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA. We also attempt to highlight the potential challenges in the effort of developing curcumin into a therapeutic antibacterial agent.

A sensitive gold nanoparticle-based colorimetric aptasensor for Staphylococcus aureus.

Science.gov (United States)

Yuan, Jinglei; Wu, Shijia; Duan, Nuo; Ma, Xiaoyuan; Xia, Yu; Chen, Jie; Ding, Zhansheng; Wang, Zhouping

2014-09-01

In this study, a gold nanoparticle-based colorimetric aptasensor for Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) using tyramine signal amplification (TSA) technology has been developed. First, the biotinylated aptamer specific for S. aureus was immobilized on the surface of the wells of the microtiter plate via biotin-avidin binding. Then, the target bacteria (S. aureus), biotinylated-aptamer-streptavidin-HRP conjugates, biotinylated tyramine, hydrogen peroxide and avidin-catalase were successively introduced into the wells of the microtiter plate. After that, the existing catalase consumed the hydrogen peroxide. Finally, the freshly prepared gold (III) chloride trihydrate was added, the color of the reaction production would be changed and the absorbance at 550 nm could be measured with a plate reader. Under optimized conditions, there was a linear relationship between the absorbance at 550 nm and the concentration of S. aureus over the range from 10 to 10(6) cfu mL(-1) (with an R² of 0.9947). The limit of the developed method was determined to be 9 cfu mL(-1). Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Cross-Talk between Staphylococcus aureus and Other Staphylococcal Species via the agr Quorum Sensing System

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Jaime Canovas

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Staphylococci are associated with both humans and animals. While most are non-pathogenic colonizers, Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen capable of causing severe infections. S. aureus virulence is controlled by the agr quorum sensing system responding to secreted auto-inducing peptides (AIPs sensed by AgrC, a two component histidine kinase. agr loci are found also in other staphylococcal species and for Staphylococcus epidermidis, the encoded AIP represses expression of agr regulated virulence genes in S. aureus. In this study we aimed to better understand the interaction between staphylococci and S. aureus, and show that this interaction may eventually lead to the identification of new anti-virulence candidates to target S. aureus infections. Here we show that culture supernatants of 37 out of 52 staphylococcal isolates representing 17 different species inhibit S. aureus agr. The dog pathogen, Staphylococcus schleiferi, expressed the most potent inhibitory activity and was active against all four agr classes found in S. aureus. By employing a S. aureus strain encoding a constitutively active AIP receptor we show that the activity is mediated via agr. Subsequent cloning and heterologous expression of the S. schleiferi AIP in S. aureus demonstrated that this molecule was likely responsible for the inhibitory activity, and further proof was provided when pure synthetic S. schleiferi AIP was able to completely abolish agr induction of an S. aureus reporter strain. To assess impact on S. aureus virulence, we co-inoculated S. aureus and S. schleiferi in vivo in the Galleria mellonella wax moth larva, and found that expression of key S. aureus virulence factors was abrogated. Our data show that the S. aureus agr locus is highly responsive to other staphylococcal species suggesting that agr is an inter-species communication system. Based on these results we speculate that interactions between S. aureus and other colonizing staphylococci

Staphylococcus aureus spa type t437

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Glasner, C; Pluister, G; Westh, H

2015-01-01

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) belonging to the multilocus sequence type clonal complex 59 (MLST CC59) is the predominant community-associated MRSA clone in Asia. This clone, which is primarily linked with the spa type t437, has so far only been reported in low numbers among...... included. Most isolates were shown to be monophyletic with 98% of the isolates belonging to the single MLVA complex 621, to which nearly all included isolates from China also belonged. More importantly, all MLST-typed isolates belonged to CC59. Our study implies that the European S. aureus t437 population...

Incidence, trends and demographics of Staphylococcus aureus infections in Auckland, New Zealand, 2001-2011.

Science.gov (United States)

Williamson, Deborah A; Lim, Alwin; Thomas, Mark G; Baker, Michael G; Roberts, Sally A; Fraser, John D; Ritchie, Stephen R

2013-12-03

New Zealand has a higher incidence of Staphylococcus aureus disease than other developed countries, with significant sociodemographic variation in incidence rates. In contrast to North America, the majority of disease is due to methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), although relatively little is known about the comparative demographics of MSSA and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections in New Zealand. Our objectives were to describe the trends, incidence and patient demographics of all S. aureus infections in patients presenting to our institution between 2001 and 2011, and compare the epidemiology of MSSA and MRSA infections. We identified all patients with S. aureus infections over the study period. A unique S. aureus infection was defined as the first positive S. aureus culture taken from the same patient within a thirty-day period. Standard definitions were used to classify episodes into community- or healthcare-associated S. aureus infection. There were 16,249 S. aureus infections over the study period. The incidence increased significantly over the study period from 360 to 412 per 100,000 population (P New Zealand. The significant increase in community-associated S. aureus infections is of public health importance. Future studies should investigate the reasons underlying this concerning trend.

Detection of different Staphylococcus aureus strains in bovine milk from subclinical mastitis using PCR and routine techniques Detecção de diferentes cepas de Staphylococcus aureus de mastite bovina subclínica através da técnica de PCR e técnicas tradicionais

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Olney Vieira-da-Motta

2001-03-01

Full Text Available Contamination of fresh milk with Staphylococcus aureus was assessed comparatively through routine phenotypic (coagulase tube test and coagulase slide test and genotypic (PCR screening of 128 S. aureus strains isolated from 555 milk samples. These samples were collected from 362 cows with subclinical mastitis, hosted in different dairy herds at various locations of the Northern and Northeastern rural areas of the State of Rio de Janeiro, 39.7% of which were CMT-positive. All S. aureus isolates tested positive for the presence of the coagulase gene by PCR and the isolates could be grouped into four distinct classes according to the size of the PCR product. The strains also yielded variable results when assayed with coagulase test. Taken together, these data indicate the existence of extensive polymorphism at the coagulase gene locus in the genus Staphylococcus and exemplifies the extent of molecular and phenotypic heterogeneity associated with the strains circulating in rural herds.Quinhentas e cinqüenta e cinco amostras de leite, provenientes de 362 vacas com mastite subclínica em diferentes propriedades rurais do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, de 1995 a 1997, foram submetidas ao teste "Califórnia Mastitis Test" (CMT. 39,7% das amostras foram positivas, das quais foram isoladas 128 cepas de Staphylococcus aureus. Todas as cepas isoladas foram positivas para o gene da coagulase utilizando a técnica de PCR, todavia, resultados de coagulase através das técnicas em tubo e "coagulase slide test" foram variáveis. Após a amplificação do gen de coagulase através da técnica de PCR utilizando iniciadores específicos para o referido gen, fragmentos com diferentes pesos moleculares foram vistos através de análise em gel de agarose, sugerindo a ocorrência de polimorfismo genético. O estudo também sugere a ocorrência de diferentes cepas da bactéria atuando nos rebanhos leiteiros causando mastite bovina.

Molecular characterization of vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Tehran

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Shahin Najar-Peerayeh

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Objective: To determine the prevalence and some genetic characteristics of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin. Methods: A total of 414 isolates of S. aureus were collected from clinical specimens from hospitals in Tehran. Vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA was determined by brain heart infusion agar containing 4 μg/mL vancomycin screening plate and confirmed via E-test. VISA isolates were analysed for vanA, vanB, mecA, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec types, surface protein A (Spa types and agr specific groups. Results: Brain heart infusion agar containing 4 μg/mL vancomycin screening tests revealed that 17.14% (n = 71 of S. aureus isolates were VISA phenotype. Ten of the 71 isolates were confirmed by E-test method (minimal inhibitory concentration was 4 to 8 μg/mL. All VISA isolates were susceptible to linezolid and 6 isolates (60% were methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Five isolates belonged to agr Group II, 4 belonged to agr Group I and 1 belonged to agr Group III. Spa type t030, and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec Type III were dominant among VISA isolates. Conclusions: This study provides further evidence of the global dissemination of VISA isolates and emphasizes to vancomycin susceptibility testing prior to antibiotic therapy.

Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates Transmitted between Patients with Buruli Ulcer.

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Nana Ama Amissah

Full Text Available Buruli ulcer (BU is a skin infection caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans. The wounds of most BU patients are colonized with different microorganisms, including Staphylococcus aureus.This study investigated possible patient-to-patient transmission events of S. aureus during wound care in a health care center. S. aureus isolates from different BU patients with overlapping visits to the clinic were whole-genome sequenced and analyzed by a gene-by-gene approach using SeqSphere(+ software. In addition, sequence data were screened for the presence of genes that conferred antibiotic resistance.SeqSphere(+ analysis of whole-genome sequence data confirmed transmission of methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA and methicillin susceptible S. aureus among patients that took place during wound care. Interestingly, our sequence data show that the investigated MRSA isolates carry a novel allele of the fexB gene conferring chloramphenicol resistance, which had thus far not been observed in S. aureus.

Brain infection following experimental Staphylococcus aureus sepsis in pigs

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Astrup, Lærke Boye; Iburg, Tine Moesgaard; Nielsen, Ole Lerberg

2010-01-01

Introduction: Sepsis is a major problem in humans and both the incidence and mortality is increasing. Multiple microabcesses can be found in the brain of septic patients. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common causes of sepsis and brain abscesses. S. aureus is also a frequent cause...... of spontaneous porcine pyemia including endocarditis and associated brain lesions. We present a porcine model of haematogenous S. aureus induced brain infection. Materials and Methods: Twelve pigs received an intravenous injection of S. aureus of 108 CFU/kg body weight once at 0h or twice at 0h and 12h. Four...... pigs were kept as controls. The pigs were euthanized in groups of four at either 6, 12, 24 or 48 h post infection. The brain was collected from all the animals and examined histologically. Results: All the inoculated pigs developed sepsis and 7 out of 12 animals had microabscesses in the prosencephalon...

Bacteriocins of Non-aureus Staphylococci Isolated from Bovine Milk

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Carson, Domonique A.; Barkema, Herman W.; Naushad, Sohail

2017-01-01

ABSTRACT Non-aureus staphylococci (NAS), the bacteria most commonly isolated from the bovine udder, potentially protect the udder against infection by major mastitis pathogens due to bacteriocin production. In this study, we determined the inhibitory capability of 441 bovine NAS isolates (comprising 26 species) against bovine Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, inhibiting isolates were tested against a human methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolate using a cross-streaking method. We determined the presence of bacteriocin clusters in NAS whole genomes using genome mining tools, BLAST, and comparison of genomes of closely related inhibiting and noninhibiting isolates and determined the genetic organization of any identified bacteriocin biosynthetic gene clusters. Forty isolates from 9 species (S. capitis, S. chromogenes, S. epidermidis, S. pasteuri, S. saprophyticus, S. sciuri, S. simulans, S. warneri, and S. xylosus) inhibited growth of S. aureus in vitro, 23 isolates of which, from S. capitis, S. chromogenes, S. epidermidis, S. pasteuri, S. simulans, and S. xylosus, also inhibited MRSA. One hundred five putative bacteriocin gene clusters encompassing 6 different classes (lanthipeptides, sactipeptides, lasso peptides, class IIa, class IIc, and class IId) in 95 whole genomes from 16 species were identified. A total of 25 novel bacteriocin precursors were described. In conclusion, NAS from bovine mammary glands are a source of potential bacteriocins, with >21% being possible producers, representing potential for future characterization and prospective clinical applications. IMPORTANCE Mastitis (particularly infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus) costs Canadian dairy producers $400 million/year and is the leading cause of antibiotic use on dairy farms. With increasing antibiotic resistance and regulations regarding use, there is impetus to explore bacteriocins (bacterially produced antimicrobial peptides) for treatment and prevention of bacterial infections

Decrease of Staphylococcus aureus Virulence by Helcococcus kunzii in a Caenorhabditis elegans Model.

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Ngba Essebe, Christelle; Visvikis, Orane; Fines-Guyon, Marguerite; Vergne, Anne; Cattoir, Vincent; Lecoustumier, Alain; Lemichez, Emmanuel; Sotto, Albert; Lavigne, Jean-Philippe; Dunyach-Remy, Catherine

2017-01-01

Social bacterial interactions are considered essential in numerous infectious diseases, particularly in wounds. Foot ulcers are a common complication in diabetic patients and these ulcers become frequently infected. This infection is usually polymicrobial promoting cell-to-cell communications. Staphylococcus aureus is the most prevalent pathogen isolated. Its association with Helcococcus kunzii , commensal Gram-positive cocci, is frequently described. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of co-infection on virulence of both H. kunzii and S. aureus strains in a Caenorhabditis elegans model. To study the host response, qRT-PCRs targeting host defense genes were performed. We observed that H. kunzii strains harbored a very low (LT50: 5.7 days ± 0.4) or an absence of virulence (LT50: 6.9 days ± 0.5). In contrast, S. aureus strains (LT50: 2.9 days ± 0.4) were significantly more virulent than all H. kunzii ( P aureus strains were associated, H. kunzii significantly reduced the virulence of the S. aureus strain in nematodes (LT50 between 4.4 and 5.2 days; P aureus led to a strong induction of defense genes ( lys-5, sodh-1 , and cyp-37B1 ) while H. kunzii did not. No statistical difference of host response genes expression was observed when C. elegans were infected with either S. aureus alone or with S. aureus + H. kunzii . Moreover, two well-characterized virulence factors ( hla and agr ) present in S. aureus were down-regulated when S. aureus were co-infected with H. kunzii . This study showed that H. kunzii decreased the virulence of S. aureus without modifying directly the host defense response. Factor(s) produced by this bacterium modulating the staphylococci virulence must be investigated.

Staphylococcus aureus Transcriptome Architecture

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Mäder, Ulrike; Nicolas, Pierre; Depke, Maren

2016-01-01

Staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen that colonizes about 20% of the human population. Intriguingly, this Gram-positive bacterium can survive and thrive under a wide range of different conditions, both inside and outside the human body. Here, we investigated the transcriptional adaptation of...

Construction of Stable Fluorescent Reporter Plasmids for Use in Staphylococcus aureus

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Michelle D. Rodriguez

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Here, the genes encoding three different fluorescent proteins were cloned into the stably maintained Staphylococcus aureus shuttle vector pKK30. The resulting plasmids were transformed into two S. aureus strains; SH1000 and RN4220. Stability assays illustrated that the three recombinant plasmids retained near 100% maintenance in vitro for 160 generations. S. aureus strain SH1000 expressing green fluorescent protein was then inoculated in an ovine model and in vivo stability for 6 days was demonstrated. In essence, these reporter plasmids represent a useful set of tools for dynamic imaging studies in S. aureus. These three reporter plasmids are available through BEI Resources.

Construction of Stable Fluorescent Reporter Plasmids for Use in Staphylococcus aureus.

Science.gov (United States)

Rodriguez, Michelle D; Paul, Zubin; Wood, Charles E; Rice, Kelly C; Triplett, Eric W

2017-01-01

Here, the genes encoding three different fluorescent proteins were cloned into the stably maintained Staphylococcus aureus shuttle vector pKK30. The resulting plasmids were transformed into two S. aureus strains; SH1000 and RN4220. Stability assays illustrated that the three recombinant plasmids retained near 100% maintenance in vitro for 160 generations. S. aureus strain SH1000 expressing green fluorescent protein was then inoculated in an ovine model and in vivo stability for 6 days was demonstrated. In essence, these reporter plasmids represent a useful set of tools for dynamic imaging studies in S. aureus . These three reporter plasmids are available through BEI Resources.

One-year mortality in coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and Staphylococcus aureus infective endocarditis

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Rasmussen, Rasmus V; Snygg-Martin, Ulrika; Olaison, Lars

2009-01-01

The aim of this study was to investigate in-hospital mortality and 12-month mortality in patients with coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) compared to Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infective endocarditis (IE). We used a prospective cohort study of 66 consecutive CoNS and 170 S. aureus IE...

Antibiotic resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Abia State of Nigeria ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The S. aureus. isolates varied in their antibiotic susceptibility pattern when tested for their sensitivity to 16 antibiotics. Eighty percent of the isolates were resistant to more than one antimicrobial agent. All the isolates showed resistance to nalidixic acid and 100% sensitivity to rifampicin. Key words: Staphylococcus aureus, ...

Peritonite bacteriana espontânea: impacto das mudanças da microbiologia Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: impact of microbiological changes

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Paulo Roberto Lerias de Almeida

2007-03-01

Full Text Available RACIONAL: A peritonite bacteriana espontânea é uma complicação grave nos pacientes cirróticos com ascite, sendo as alterações das características microbiológicas relatadas nos últimos anos de impacto na escolha do tratamento antibiótico. OBJETIVO: Avaliar as mudanças na epidemiologia e na resistência antibiótica de bactérias causadoras de peritonite bacteriana espontânea em um período de 7 anos. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados retrospectivamente todos os casos de pacientes cirróticos com peritonite bacteriana espontânea cuja cultura do líquido de ascite foi positiva, sendo estudados dois períodos: 1997-1998 e 2002-2003. Foram verificados os microorganismos mais freqüentes e a sensibilidade in vitro aos antibióticos. RESULTADOS: No primeiro período (1997-1998 houve 33 casos, sendo 3 (9% com infecção polimicrobiana. As bactérias mais freqüentes foram: E. coli em 13 (36,11%, estafilococos coagulase-negativos em 6 (16,66%, K. pneumoniae em 5 (13,88%, S. aureus em 4 (11,11% e S. faecalis em 3 (8,33%. Em 2002-2003, houve 43 casos, sendo 2 (5% com infecção polimicrobiana. As bactérias mais freqüentes foram: estafilococos coagulase-negativos em 16 (35,55% S. aureus em 8 (17,77%, E. coli em 7 (15,55% e K. pneumoniae em 3 (6,66%. Nenhum paciente realizava profilaxia para peritonite bacteriana espontânea. A prevalência de S. aureus meticilino-resistentes aumentou, no decorrer desse período, de 25% para 75%, tendo a resistência desse patógeno às quinolonas e a sulfametoxazol-trimetoprim evoluído de 25% para 50%; somente a vancomicina demonstrou atividade absoluta no decorrer do referido período. Da mesma forma, a prevalência de E. coli resistente às cefalosporinas de terceira geração e às quinolonas aumentou de 0% para 16%. CONCLUSÃO: Houve modificação da população bacteriana causadora de peritonite bacteriana espontânea, com freqüência aumentada de microorganismos gram-positivos, bem como houve aumento da

Emprego da associação sulfametoxazol + trimetoprim no tratamento da paracoccidioidose (blastomicose Sul-Americana

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P. N. Pedrosa

1974-06-01

Full Text Available Acentuando a necessidade da continuação das pesquisas terapêuticas em pacientes com paracoccidioidose (blastomicose sul-americana, os autores apresentam 23 pacientes submetidos a diferentes esquemas terapêuticos, sendo 14 virgens de tratamento e 9 com uso prévio de uma ou mais drogas. A associação sulfametoxazol + trimetoprim ( SMZ + TMP foi empregada em 5 pacientes virgens de tratamento e 9 sulfa-resistentes. Outros sete foram submetidos ao esquema clássico com sulfadoxina. Os pacientes que não responderam aos dois esquemas anteriores, com exceção de dois casos inicialmente graves, receberam anfotericina B. A avaliação clínica, radiológica, micológica e sorológica a longo prazo não demonstrou vantagens no emprego de SMZ + TMP em substituição aos sulfamídicos, nos pacientes virgens de tratamento. Entretanto, a associação SMZ + TMP parece ser uma opção válida nos casos sulfa-resistentes, onde teria primazia, considerando-se a toxicidade e necessidade de controle em regime hospitalar da anfotericina B. Ressaltam ainda a boa tolerância clínica e laboratorial da associação SMZ + TMP em cursos terapêuticos prolongados de até 2 anos, quando empregadas em baixas doses de manutenção.

Concomitant genotyping revealed diverse spreading between methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus in central Taiwan.

Science.gov (United States)

Ho, Cheng-Mao; Lin, Chien-Yu; Ho, Mao-Wang; Lin, Hsiao-Chuan; Peng, Ching-Tien; Lu, Jang-Jih

2016-06-01

Staphylococcus aureus is a versatile bacterium, which can lead to various infectious diseases. Various molecular typing methods are applied to the evolution and epidemiology surveys of S. aureus, mostly for methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). However, methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) is still an important pathogen, but their molecular typing is evaluated infrequently. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), spa typing, and detection of five virulent genes for 95 MRSA and 56 MSSA isolates (July-December 2008 and July 2008-December 2009, respectively) during an overlapping period were performed. More diversity was found in MSSA isolates (23 pulsotypes and 25 spa types, excluding 4 new-type and 1 nontypable isolates for spa typing) than in MRSA isolates (19 pulsotypes and 16 spa types, excluding 1 new-type and 1 nontypable isolates for spa typing). By spa typing, t002 (n = 30), t037 (n = 23), t437 (n = 21), t234 (n = 3), t1081 (n = 3), and t1094 (n = 3) were the six major MRSA clones. For MSSA isolates, t189 (n = 13), t437 (n = 4), t084 (n = 3), t213 (n = 3), t701 (n = 3), and t7200 (n = 3) were the six major types. Combining PFGE and spa typing, there were five combinations (pulsotype + spa type) that contained both MRSA and MSSA isolates (pulsotype 9-t437, pulsotype 15-t037, pulsotype 19-t002, pulsotype 21-t002, and pulsotype 28-t1081). For all 151 S. aureus or 95 MRSA isolates, the PFGE typing had more discrimination power, but spa typing had larger discrimination index for 56 MSSA isolates. In conclusion, there were different predominant MRSA and MSSA clones clinically. Continuing longitudinal tracking of molecular typing is necessary for elucidating the evolution of this important clinical pathogen. Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Immunological role of nasal staphylococcus aureus carriage in patients with persistent allergic rhinitis

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Mohamed Yousif Atia

2008-10-01

Full Text Available Nasal carriage of staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus exerts immunomodulatory effect in patients with atopic dermatitis and it may contribute to airway inflammation and allergic response in patients with allergic rhinitis. We Aim to investigate the frequency of nasal S.aureus carriage in patients with persistent allergic rhinitis and its possible influence on their symptoms and immune markers. We chosed 20 non smoker patients with house dust mite (HDM allergy causing allergic rhinitis and 20 non smoker healthy subjects matched for age and sex. For all subjects rhinoscopy was done, skin prick test, nasal culture for S.aureus, nasal interleukin 4,nasal total IgE, serum total IgE and serum specific IgE(SSIgE for HDM. Nasal S.aureus was detected in 16/20 patients (80% and 5/20 (25% in healthy subjects with highly significant statistical difference plt0.01. Correlation of nasal staph.aureus count and different systemic and local immune markers revealed highly significant positive correlation between nasal S.aureus count and serum total IgE (r = 0.78, plt0.01 and significant positive correlation with SSIgE (HDM (r = 0.53, plt0.05, nasal total IgE (r = 0.39, plt0.05 and nasal IL-4 (r = 0.55, plt0.05. Nasal staph.aureus actively modulated the immune reaction in persistent allergic rhinitis patients by promoting local IgE production, so we recommend early detection and treatment of S.aureus carriage in patients

Frequency of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in health care

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Somayeh Rahimi-Alang

2011-03-01

Full Text Available Background: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA is one of the most important pathogen in hospitals. Healthcare personnel are the main source of nosocomial infections and identification and control of MRSA carriers can reduce incidence of infections. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of MRSA and their antibiotic susceptibility profile among healthcare workers in Gorgan.Materials and Method: 333 healthcare workers were participated in this cross-sectional study in 2009. Samples were taken with sterile cotton swabs from both anterior nares and hands. Swabs were plated immediately on to the mannitol salt agar. Suspected colonies were confirmed as S. aureus by Gram staining, catalase, coagulase and DNase tests. Minimum inhibition concentration by micro dilution broth method was used to determine methicillin resistant strains. Antimicrobial susceptibility to other antibiotics was performed according to NCCLS guidelines by disc diffusion method.Result: Frequency of S.aureus and MRSA carriers among healthcare workers was 24% and 3% respectively. The highest rate of S. aureus and MRSA carriers were observed in operating room staff. Resistance to penicillin was seen in 97.5% of isolates and all strains were sensitive to vancomycin.Conclusions: Frequency of S. aureus and MRSA in healthcare workers was median and rather low respectively. Continual monitoring and control of carriers can reduce distribution of this organism and their infections

Prevalence of nasal portal of Staphylococcus aureus in disabled children.

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Clotilde Molin

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Introduction: Colonization of the nasal mucosa by Staphylococcus aureus set a carrier state. Which is recognized as a potential source of infection and a high risk factor for subsequent invasive infections. The prevalence of nasal carriage of this germ in disabled children in Paraguay is not known, thus contributing to the knowledge of their frequency and evaluate the profile of sensitivity to common antimicrobials was conducted this study, from May to July 2015.  Objective: to determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage and profile of antimicrobial resistance in disabled children. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study in which 80 nasal swabs of children, who attended the service laboratory of SENADIS (Secretaria Nacional por los Derechos Humanos de las Personas con Discapacidad. The identification and sensitivity of germ was accomplished by conventional testing.  Results: 80 pediatric patients, 46 boys and 34 girls. 18 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were obtained, corresponding to a prevalence of 22,5%. Susceptibility testing indicated that 14 strains were MSSA (Methicillin – Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus and 4 RMSA ( Methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusion: The prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in a population with its own characteristics provides valuable data for the epidemiology, reflecting the need for continued vigilance and take steps to reduce associated infections. The detection of RMAR evidences their progress; it is important to evaluate the empirical treatment to primary care.

Mode of action of Buddleja cordata verbascoside against Staphylococcus aureus.

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Avila, J G; de Liverant, J G; Martínez, A; Martínez, G; Muñoz, J L; Arciniegas, A; Romo de Vivar, A

1999-07-01

We evaluate the mode of action of verbascoside obtained from Buddleja cordata against Staphylococcus aureus by killing kinetics and incorporation of precursors methods. Verbascoside induced lethal effect on S. aureus, by affecting protein synthesis and inhibiting leucine incorporation.

Virulence potential of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Buruli ulcer patients.

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Amissah, Nana Ama; Chlebowicz, Monika A; Ablordey, Anthony; Tetteh, Caitlin S; Prah, Isaac; van der Werf, Tjip S; Friedrich, Alex W; van Dijl, Jan Maarten; Stienstra, Ymkje; Rossen, John W

2017-06-01

Buruli ulcer (BU) is a necrotizing infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans. BU wounds may also be colonized with other microorganisms including Staphylococcus aureus. This study aimed to characterize the virulence factors of S. aureus isolated from BU patients. Previously sequenced genomes of 21 S. aureus isolates from BU patients were screened for the presence of virulence genes. The results show that all S. aureus isolates harbored on their core genomes genes for known virulence factors like α-hemolysin, and the α- and β-phenol soluble modulins. Besides the core genome virulence genes, mobile genetic elements (MGEs), i.e. prophages, genomic islands, pathogenicity islands and a Staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC) were found to carry different combinations of virulence factors, among them genes that are known to encode factors that promote immune evasion, superantigens and Panton-Valentine Leucocidin. The present observations imply that the S. aureus isolates from BU patients harbor a diverse repertoire of virulence genes that may enhance bacterial survival and persistence in the wound environment and potentially contribute to delayed wound healing. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier GmbH.. All rights reserved.

Occurrence and distribution of Staphylococcus aureus lineages among zoo animals

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Gongora, Carmen Espinosa; Chrobak, Dorota; Moodley, Arshnee

2012-01-01

The current knowledge of the occurrence and diversity of Staphylococcus aureus in animals is largely biased in favour MRSA and domestic animals. In order to generate novel information on the ecology and population structure of this bacterial species in the animal kingdom, we investigated...... the occurrence and genotypic diversity of S. aureus in a range of animal species kept at the Copenhagen Zoo. We sampled 146 animals belonging to 25 mammalian species and 21 reptiles belonging to six species. A total of 59 S. aureus isolates were found in 10 of the 25 mammalian species tested. All isolates were...... MSSA belonging to fourteen spa types, including three novel spa types. MLST revealed the occurrence of seven STs. The study of the ecology of commensal S. aureus in captive wild animals revealed that ST133 has a broader host range than previously thought....

Evaluation of Approaches to Monitor Staphylococcus aureus Virulence Factor Expression during Human Disease

OpenAIRE

Rozemeijer, Wouter; Fink, Pamela; Rojas, Eduardo; Jones, C. Hal; Pavliakova, Danka; Giardina, Peter; Murphy, Ellen; Liberator, Paul; Jiang, Qin; Girgenti, Douglas; Peters, Remco P. H.; Savelkoul, Paul H. M.; Jansen, Kathrin U.; Anderson, Annaliesa S.; Kluytmans, Jan

2015-01-01

Staphylococcus aureus is a versatile pathogen of medical significance, using multiple virulence factors to cause disease. A prophylactic S. aureus 4-antigen (SA4Ag) vaccine comprising capsular polysaccharide (types 5 and 8) conjugates, clumping factor A (ClfA) and manganese transporter C (MntC) is under development. This study was designed to characterize S. aureus isolates recovered from infected patients and also to investigate approaches for examining expression of S. aureus vaccine candid...

Study of nosocomial isolates of Staphylococcus aureus with special reference to methicillin resistant S. aureus in a tertiary care hospital in Nepal.

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Shrestha, B; Pokhrel, B; Mohapatra, T

2009-06-01

To find out the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus nosocomial infection and methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA), clinical samples from nosocomially infected patients were processed by following standard methodology in microbiology laboratory, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. Of 149 S. aureus isolates, skin infection isolates contributed a major part 72.5% making nosocomial infection by S. aureus most prevalent in skin infection followed by lower respiratory tract infection 11.41% and urinary tract infection 8.7%. Overall MRSA prevalence was 45.0%. MRSA prevalence was 42.6% in skin infection, 82.3% in lower respiratory tract infection and 30.8% in urinary tract infection. MRSA infection was found associated with lower respiratory tract infection only. Highest occurrence of nosocomial infection was observed in female surgical ward, surgical out patient department, orthopedic ward, male surgical ward and maternity ward. MRSA isolation was high from lower respiratory tract of patients admitted in intensive care unit, coronary care unit, Sub-acute intensive care unit, intermediate coronary care unit, neurology ward and post-operative ward. Whereas methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) occurrence was higher in patients admitted in orthopedic, Surgical out patient department, and female surgical ward. The occurrence of MRSA did not differ with age but MRSA was found associated with male patients and MSSA was associated with female patients. Since MRSA prevalence was high, regular surveillance of MRSA and nosocomial infections should be done and universal precautions to control nosocomial infections should be followed.

UJI ZONA HAMBAT EKSTRAK DAUN PUTRI MALU (Mimosa pudica TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus DAN Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA SECARA IN VITRO

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Nyoman Ririn Chandrika Sari

2015-04-01

Full Text Available Resistensi Staphylococcus aureus dan MRSA terhadap antibiotika spektrum luas mendorong berbagai penelitian untuk menemukan senyawa aktif yang sensitif dan efektif dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek penghambatan ekstrak daun putri malu (Mimosa pudica terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan MRSA.Penelitian terhadap aktivitas antimikrobial ekstrak daun putri malu dilakukan dengan metode agar difusi cakram dengan menggunakan metode Kirby-Bauer.Suspensi bakteri disesuaikan dengan standar kekeruhan Mc Farland 0.5. Biakan bakteri dalam cawan petri masing-masing diberikan 6 perlakuan, yaitu kontrol positif (amoxicillin atau vancomycin, kontrol negatif (alkohol, serta ekstrak daun putri malu dengan konsentrasi 25 mcg/ml, 50 mcg/ml, 75 mcg/ml dan 100 mcg/ml. Pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus dihambat secara signifikan oleh ekstrak daun putri malu, dengan efek inhibisi pada semua konsentrasi secara signifikan lebih baik dibandingkan dengan kontrol positif (p<0.05. Zona inhibisi Staphylococcus aureus pada konsentrasi 25 mcg/ml adalah 28.86 mm dan telah memenuhi kriteria sebagai antimikrobial sensitif berdasarkan Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI. Inhibisi pertumbuhan MRSA secara signifikan terjadi pada semua konsentrasi ekstrak daun putri malu dibandingkan dengan kontrol negatif (p=0.00. Zona inhibisi terbesar ditemukan pada konsentrasi 100 mcg/ml dengan diameter sebesar 14.16 mm dan memiliki efek antimikrobial sebanding dengan vancomycin dalam menghambat pertumbuhan MRSA (p=0.186. Hasil uji agar difusi cakram menunjukkan bahwa senyawa aktif dalam ekstrak daun putri malu memiliki aktivitas antimikrobial yang tinggi terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan MRSA secara in vitro.

PRODUKSI IGY SPESIFIK STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS DARI ISOLAT ASAL KASUS STAPHYLOCOCCOSIS PADA KELINCI

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Triwardhani Cahyaningsih

2017-04-01

Full Text Available This experiment aims to produce immunoglobulin Y (Ig-Y Staphylococcus aureus isolates origin staphylococcosis case in rabbits. Vaccination is done several times using Staphylococcus aureus active in 109 cfu/ml. Injecting the chicken is done four weeks in a row, the first week is done by intravenous injection of S. aureus antigens, the second week of the injection sub cutan S. aureus emulsified with Freund's complete adjuvant, followed by the third and fourth week of the injection of S. aureus antigen emulsified with incomplete Freund's adjuvant. Egg samples were taken after four weeks of the last injection for identification, purification, and determination of specific IgY against S. aureus in egg yolk. IgY specificity qualitatively tests performed by the AGP test (To Gel Precipitation. IgY extraction is done using PEG - Ammonium sulfate, purified IgY concentration calculated by the method of Bradford. The results showed that IgY began to be detected in egg yolk at week six after immunization, with the average levels of IgY is 1.7 mg/ml.

Study on biofilm-forming properties of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus.

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Taj, Yasmeen; Essa, Farhan; Aziz, Faisal; Kazmi, Shahana Urooj

2012-05-14

The purpose of this study was to observe the formation of biofilm, an important virulence factor, by isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in Pakistan by different conventional methods and through electron microscopy. We screened 115 strains of S. aureus isolated from different clinical specimens by tube method (TM), air-liquid interface coverslip assay method, Congo red agar (CRA) method, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Out of 115 S. aureus isolates, 63 (54.78%) showed biofilm formation by tube method. Biofilm forming bacteria were further categorized as high producers (n = 23, 20%) and moderate producers (n = 40, 34.78%). TM coordinated well with the coverslip assay for strong biofilm-producing strains in 19 (16.5%) isolates. By coverslip method, weak producers were difficult to differentiate from biofilm negative isolates. Screening on CRA showed biofilm formation only in four (3.47%) strains. Scanning electron micrographs showed the biofilm-forming strains of S. aureus arranged in a matrix on the propylene surface and correlated well with the TM. Biofilm production is a marker of virulence for clinically relevant staphylococcal infections. It can be studied by various methods but screening on CRA is not recommended for investigation of biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus. Electron micrograph images correlate well with the biofilm production as observed by TM.

Occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus in bulk tank milk and milk filters

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Kateřina Bogdanovičová

2014-02-01

Full Text Available This work is focused on the monitoring of Staphylococcus aureus prevalence in raw milk and milk filters, its antibiotic resistance and detection of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA. Samples of raw cow´s milk and milk filters were collected in the period from 2012 till 2014, from 50 dairy farms in the Czech Republic. The total of 261 samples (164 samples of raw milk and 97 milk filters were cultivated on Baird-Parker agar. Both the typical and atypical colonies were examined by plasmacoagulase test and PCR method was used for detection of species specific fragment SA442 and mecA gene. Standard disk diffusion method was used to determinate resistance to antimicrobial agents. The bacterium Staphylococcus aureus was detected on 25 farms (50%. The antimicrobial resistance showed differences between the farms. Total of 58 samples were positive for Staphylococcus aureus, of which were 37 (14.2% isolated from raw milk samples and 21 (8.1% from milk filters. From these samples we isolated 62 Staphylococcus aureus strains, 41 isolates bacteria S. aureus from raw milk (66.1% and 21 isolates S. aureus from milk filters (33.9%. The presence of antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolates was low, most of them were resistant to amoxicilin. According to the results obtained by the PCR method for the methicillin - resistant S. aureus (MRSA, the mecA gene was present in 6 strains (9.7%, 4 isolates obtained from milk samples (6.5% and 2 isolates from milk filters (3.2%.  These isolates can be considered as a possible source of resistance genes, which can be spread through the food chain. Nowadays, a globally unfavourable increasing trend of prevalence of methicillin resistant staphylococci strains especially Staphylococcus aureus is being observed worldwide. The improper hygiene and poor farm management practices contributed to the presence of S. aureus in the milk. This may have contributed to the high level of S. aureus isolated

Staphylococcus aureus ST398 from slaughter pigs in northeast China

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Yan, Xiaomei; Yu, Xiaojie; Tao, Xiaoxia; Zhang, Jianfeng; Zhang, Binghua; Dong, Rui; Xue, Chengyu; Grundmann, Hajo; Zhang, Jianzhong

To describe the prevalence and population structure of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria that colonize pigs at slaughterhouses in northeastern China, nose swabs were collected from pigs in two slaughterhouses in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China in 2009.S. aureus isolates were characterized by

Calcium and Magnesium Ions Are Membrane-Active against Stationary-Phase Staphylococcus aureus with High Specificity

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Xie, Yuntao; Yang, Lihua

2016-02-01

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is notorious for its ability to acquire antibiotic-resistance, and antibiotic-resistant S. aureus has become a wide-spread cause of high mortality rate. Novel antimicrobials capable of eradicating S. aureus cells including antibiotic-resistant ones are thus highly desired. Membrane-active bactericides and species-specific antimicrobials are two promising sources of novel anti-infective agents for fighting against bacterial antibiotic-resistance. We herein show that Ca2+ and Mg2+, two alkaline-earth-metal ions physiologically essential for diverse living organisms, both disrupt model S. aureus membranes and kill stationary-phase S. aureus cells, indicative of membrane-activity. In contrast to S. aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis exhibit unaffected survival after similar treatment with these two cations, indicative of species-specific activity against S. aureus. Moreover, neither Ca2+ nor Mg2+ lyses mouse red blood cells, indicative of hemo-compatibility. This works suggests that Ca2+ and Mg2+ may have implications in targeted eradication of S. aureus pathogen including the antibiotic-resistant ones.

Health and economic burden of post-partum Staphylococcus aureus breast abscess.

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Branch-Elliman, Westyn; Lee, Grace M; Golen, Toni H; Gold, Howard S; Baldini, Linda M; Wright, Sharon B

2013-01-01

To determine the health and economic burdens of post-partum Staphylococcus aureus breast abscess. We conducted a matched cohort study (N = 216) in a population of pregnant women (N = 32,770) who delivered at our center during the study period from 10/1/03-9/30/10. Data were extracted from hospital databases, or via chart review if unavailable electronically. We compared cases of S. aureus breast abscess to controls matched by delivery date to compare health services utilization and mean attributable medical costs in 2012 United States dollars using Medicare and hospital-based estimates. We also evaluated whether resource utilization and health care costs differed between cases with methicillin-resistant and -susceptible S. aureus isolates. Fifty-four cases of culture-confirmed post-partum S. aureus breast abscess were identified. Breastfeeding cessation (41%), milk fistula (11.1%) and hospital readmission (50%) occurred frequently among case patients. Breast abscess case patients had high rates of health services utilization compared to controls, including high rates of imaging and drainage procedures. The mean attributable cost of post-partum S. aureus breast abscess ranged from $2,340-$4,012, depending on the methods and data sources used. Mean attributable costs were not significantly higher among methicillin-resistant vs. -susceptible S. aureus cases. Post-partum S. aureus breast abscess is associated with worse health and economic outcomes for women and their infants, including high rates of breastfeeding cessation. Future study is needed to determine the optimal treatment and prevention of these infections.

Health and economic burden of post-partum Staphylococcus aureus breast abscess.

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Westyn Branch-Elliman

Full Text Available To determine the health and economic burdens of post-partum Staphylococcus aureus breast abscess.We conducted a matched cohort study (N = 216 in a population of pregnant women (N = 32,770 who delivered at our center during the study period from 10/1/03-9/30/10. Data were extracted from hospital databases, or via chart review if unavailable electronically. We compared cases of S. aureus breast abscess to controls matched by delivery date to compare health services utilization and mean attributable medical costs in 2012 United States dollars using Medicare and hospital-based estimates. We also evaluated whether resource utilization and health care costs differed between cases with methicillin-resistant and -susceptible S. aureus isolates.Fifty-four cases of culture-confirmed post-partum S. aureus breast abscess were identified. Breastfeeding cessation (41%, milk fistula (11.1% and hospital readmission (50% occurred frequently among case patients. Breast abscess case patients had high rates of health services utilization compared to controls, including high rates of imaging and drainage procedures. The mean attributable cost of post-partum S. aureus breast abscess ranged from $2,340-$4,012, depending on the methods and data sources used. Mean attributable costs were not significantly higher among methicillin-resistant vs. -susceptible S. aureus cases.Post-partum S. aureus breast abscess is associated with worse health and economic outcomes for women and their infants, including high rates of breastfeeding cessation. Future study is needed to determine the optimal treatment and prevention of these infections.

Effect of gamma radiation on the resistance of Staphylococcus aureus (Rosembach, 1884) and in the physical-chemical and sensory properties of 'minas frescal' cheese

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gurgel, Maria Sylvia de Campos Carvalho do Amaral

2000-01-01

Among food poisoning of microbial origin, S. aureus stands as one of the most important, being a pathogenic bacteria for as human kind and of important occurrence in food products. Although 'Minas Frescal' cheese is typically Brazilian, there aren't in this country technical rules for its preparation and appropriate inspection. In the present work the effect of gamma radiation on the resistance of S. aureus and its ability to produce toxins in 'Minas Frescal' cheese were evaluated. The effects of the radiation in 'Minas Frescal' cheese physical-chemical and sensory properties will be determined, with the objective of studying the efficiency of the gamma radiation as method of conservation of this product. During the fabrication of 'Minas Frescal' cheese in the Laboratory of Irradiation of Foods (CENA/USP), S. aureus strains (ATCC 13565, ATCC 14458, ATCC 19095) with approximate count of 106 UFC/ml were inoculated. After irradiation with doses of O(control); 1; 2; 3 and 4 kGy, the cheeses were stored under refrigeration (+- 5 deg C) and analyzed at 1, 7 and 14 days. After irradiation with doses of O(control); 1; 2; 3 and 4 kGy, the cheeses were stored under refrigeration (+- 5 deg C) and analyzed at 1,7 and 14 days. 'Minas Frescal' cheese was evaluated through the determination of parameters of acidity, pH, moisture and lever of extension proteolysis, according to methodology of Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AO.AC.),1995, and sensory analysis by the ADQ (Quantitative Descriptive Analysis) method. The microbiological analysis determined the survival of S. aureus in the Baird-Parker a selective medium and its ability of producing enterotoxin by the Passive Reverse Agglutination with Latex method. the results analyzed through randomized blocks in a factorial design (5x3), revealed that 'Minas Frescal' cheese did not present significant differences among the radiation doses in relation to its physical-chemical and sensory properties. Dose of 3 kGy was

Fresh garlic extract inhibits Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation under chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic conditions

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Panan Ratthawongjirakul

2016-08-01

Full Text Available Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA are the leading aetiological pathogens of nosocomial infections worldwide. These bacteria form biofilms on both biotic and abiotic surfaces causing biofilm-associated infections. Within the biofilm, these bacteria might develop persistent and antimicrobial resistant characteristics resulting in chronic infections and treatment failures. Garlic exhibits broad pharmaceutical properties and inhibitory activities against S. aureus. We investigated the effects of aqueous fresh garlic extract on biofilm formation in S. aureus ATCC25923 and MRSA strains under chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic conditions. The viable bacteria and biofilm levels were quantified through colony count and crystal violet staining, respectively. The use of fresh garlic extract under both conditions significantly inhibited biofilm formation in S. aureus strains ATCC25923 and MRSA. Garlic could be developed as either a prophylactic or therapeutic agent to manage S. aureus biofilm-associated infections.

ESTEREÓTIPOS DE GÊNERO NA ASSISTÊNCIA AO HOMEM COM CÂNCER: DESAFIOS PARA A INTEGRALIDADE

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Alberto Mesaque Martins

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Resumo Na perspectiva da pesquisa qualitativa e das teorias de gênero, este estudo tem como objetivo identificar e analisar as concepções de profissionais de saúde que atuam em uma equipe multidisciplinar em oncologia acerca da assistência oferecida ao público masculino com câncer. Foram entrevistados dez profissionais de saúde que compõem uma equipe multidisciplinar de um hospital oncológico de Belo Horizonte, em Minas Gerais. Os resultados indicam que, para os entrevistados, os homens configuram-se como um público resistente e de difícil atuação, exigindo um manejo distinto daquele oferecido às mulheres. A dimensão biológica e o processo de socialização foram apontados como elementos que contribuem para esse distanciamento. Constatou-se ainda que os discursos dos profissionais de saúde também se encontram atravessados por estereótipos de gênero. Observam-se maior ênfase às necessidades das mulheres e o não reconhecimento dos homens como sujeitos das políticas de saúde e ações assistenciais. Faz-se necessária a inclusão do tema das masculinidades na pauta de discussões dos serviços de saúde em oncologia, favorecendo a construção participativa de estratégias que possibilitem o reconhecimento das necessidades masculinas e a garantia de práticas de saúde orientadas pelo princípio da integralidade.

Evaluation of approaches to monitor Staphylococcus aureus virulence factor expression during human disease.

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Wouter Rozemeijer

Full Text Available Staphylococcus aureus is a versatile pathogen of medical significance, using multiple virulence factors to cause disease. A prophylactic S. aureus 4-antigen (SA4Ag vaccine comprising capsular polysaccharide (types 5 and 8 conjugates, clumping factor A (ClfA and manganese transporter C (MntC is under development. This study was designed to characterize S. aureus isolates recovered from infected patients and also to investigate approaches for examining expression of S. aureus vaccine candidates and the host response during human infection. Confirmation of antigen expression in different disease states is important to support the inclusion of these antigens in a prophylactic vaccine. Hospitalized patients with diagnosed S. aureus wound (27 or bloodstream (24 infections were enrolled. Invasive and nasal carriage S. aureus isolates were recovered and characterized for genotypic diversity. S. aureus antigen expression was evaluated directly by real-time, quantitative, reverse-transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR analysis and indirectly by serology using a competitive Luminex immunoassay. Study isolates were genotypically diverse and all had the genes encoding the antigens present in the SA4Ag vaccine. S. aureus nasal carriage was detected in 55% of patients, and in those subjects 64% of the carriage isolates matched the invasive strain. In swab samples with detectable S. aureus triosephosphate isomerase housekeeping gene expression, RNA transcripts encoding the S. aureus virulence factors ClfA, MntC, and capsule polysaccharide were detected by qRT-PCR. Antigen expression was indirectly confirmed by increases in antibody titer during the course of infection from acute to convalescent phase. Demonstration of bacterial transcript expression together with immunological response to the SA4Ag antigens in a clinically relevant patient population provides support for inclusion of these antigens in a prophylactic vaccine.

Evaluation of approaches to monitor Staphylococcus aureus virulence factor expression during human disease.

Science.gov (United States)

Rozemeijer, Wouter; Fink, Pamela; Rojas, Eduardo; Jones, C Hal; Pavliakova, Danka; Giardina, Peter; Murphy, Ellen; Liberator, Paul; Jiang, Qin; Girgenti, Douglas; Peters, Remco P H; Savelkoul, Paul H M; Jansen, Kathrin U; Anderson, Annaliesa S; Kluytmans, Jan

2015-01-01

Staphylococcus aureus is a versatile pathogen of medical significance, using multiple virulence factors to cause disease. A prophylactic S. aureus 4-antigen (SA4Ag) vaccine comprising capsular polysaccharide (types 5 and 8) conjugates, clumping factor A (ClfA) and manganese transporter C (MntC) is under development. This study was designed to characterize S. aureus isolates recovered from infected patients and also to investigate approaches for examining expression of S. aureus vaccine candidates and the host response during human infection. Confirmation of antigen expression in different disease states is important to support the inclusion of these antigens in a prophylactic vaccine. Hospitalized patients with diagnosed S. aureus wound (27) or bloodstream (24) infections were enrolled. Invasive and nasal carriage S. aureus isolates were recovered and characterized for genotypic diversity. S. aureus antigen expression was evaluated directly by real-time, quantitative, reverse-transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis and indirectly by serology using a competitive Luminex immunoassay. Study isolates were genotypically diverse and all had the genes encoding the antigens present in the SA4Ag vaccine. S. aureus nasal carriage was detected in 55% of patients, and in those subjects 64% of the carriage isolates matched the invasive strain. In swab samples with detectable S. aureus triosephosphate isomerase housekeeping gene expression, RNA transcripts encoding the S. aureus virulence factors ClfA, MntC, and capsule polysaccharide were detected by qRT-PCR. Antigen expression was indirectly confirmed by increases in antibody titer during the course of infection from acute to convalescent phase. Demonstration of bacterial transcript expression together with immunological response to the SA4Ag antigens in a clinically relevant patient population provides support for inclusion of these antigens in a prophylactic vaccine.

Staphylococcus aureus in Some Brazilian Dairy Industries: Changes of Contamination and Diversity

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Dittmann, Karen Kiesbye; Chaul, Luiza T.; Lee, Sarah H. I.

2017-01-01

Staphylococcus aureus, a major food-poisoning pathogen, is a common contaminant in dairy industries worldwide, including in Brazil. We determined the occurrence of S. aureus in five dairies in Brazil over 8 months. Of 421 samples, 31 (7.4%) were positive for S. aureus and prevalence varied from 0.......8% of strains being sensitive to all antibiotic classes and no Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains were found. The enterotoxin-encoding genes involved in food-poisoning, e.g., sea, sed, see, and seg were targeted by PCR. The two toxin-encoding genes, sed and see, were not detected. Only three strains...... contamination....

Heme Recognition By a Staphylococcus Aureus IsdE

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Grigg, J.C.; Vermeiren, C.L.; Heinrichs, D.E.; Murphy, M.E.P.

2009-06-03

Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacterial pathogen and a leading cause of hospital acquired infections. Because the free iron concentration in the human body is too low to support growth, S. aureus must acquire iron from host sources. Heme iron is the most prevalent iron reservoir in the human body and a predominant source of iron for S. aureus. The iron-regulated surface determinant (Isd) system removes heme from host heme proteins and transfers it to IsdE, the cognate substrate-binding lipoprotein of an ATP-binding cassette transporter, for import and subsequent degradation. Herein, we report the crystal structure of the soluble portion of the IsdE lipoprotein in complex with heme. The structure reveals a bi-lobed topology formed by an N- and C-terminal domain bridged by a single {alpha}-helix. The structure places IsdE as a member of the helical backbone metal receptor superfamily. A six-coordinate heme molecule is bound in the groove established at the domain interface, and the heme iron is coordinated in a novel fashion for heme transporters by Met{sup 78} and His{sup 229}. Both heme propionate groups are secured by H-bonds to IsdE main chain and side chain groups. Of these residues, His{sup 299} is essential for IsdE-mediated heme uptake by S. aureus when growth on heme as a sole iron source is measured. Multiple sequence alignments of homologues from several other Gram-positive bacteria, including the human pathogens pyogenes, Bacillus anthracis, and Listeria monocytogenes, suggest that these other systems function equivalently to S. aureus IsdE with respect to heme binding and transport.

Characterization of a mouse-adapted Staphylococcus aureus strain.

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Silva Holtfreter

Full Text Available More effective antibiotics and a protective vaccine are desperately needed to combat the 'superbug' Staphylococcus aureus. While in vivo pathogenicity studies routinely involve infection of mice with human S. aureus isolates, recent genetic studies have demonstrated that S. aureus lineages are largely host-specific. The use of such animal-adapted S. aureus strains may therefore be a promising approach for developing more clinically relevant animal infection models. We have isolated a mouse-adapted S. aureus strain (JSNZ which caused a severe outbreak of preputial gland abscesses among male C57BL/6J mice. We aimed to extensively characterize this strain on a genomic level and determine its virulence potential in murine colonization and infection models. JSNZ belongs to the MLST type ST88, rare among human isolates, and lacks an hlb-converting phage encoding human-specific immune evasion factors. Naive mice were found to be more susceptible to nasal and gastrointestinal colonization with JSNZ than with the human-derived Newman strain. Furthermore, naïve mice required antibiotic pre-treatment to become colonized with Newman. In contrast, JSNZ was able to colonize mice in the absence of antibiotic treatment suggesting that this strain can compete with the natural flora for space and nutrients. In a renal abscess model, JSNZ caused more severe disease than Newman with greater weight loss and bacterial burden. In contrast to most other clinical isolates, JSNZ can also be readily genetically modified by phage transduction and electroporation. In conclusion, the mouse-adapted strain JSNZ may represent a valuable tool for studying aspects of mucosal colonization and for screening novel vaccines and therapies directed at preventing colonization.

Incidence, trends and demographics of Staphylococcus aureus infections in Auckland, New Zealand, 2001–2011

Science.gov (United States)

2013-01-01

Background New Zealand has a higher incidence of Staphylococcus aureus disease than other developed countries, with significant sociodemographic variation in incidence rates. In contrast to North America, the majority of disease is due to methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), although relatively little is known about the comparative demographics of MSSA and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections in New Zealand. Methods Our objectives were to describe the trends, incidence and patient demographics of all S. aureus infections in patients presenting to our institution between 2001 and 2011, and compare the epidemiology of MSSA and MRSA infections. We identified all patients with S. aureus infections over the study period. A unique S. aureus infection was defined as the first positive S. aureus culture taken from the same patient within a thirty-day period. Standard definitions were used to classify episodes into community- or healthcare-associated S. aureus infection. Results There were 16,249 S. aureus infections over the study period. The incidence increased significantly over the study period from 360 to 412 per 100,000 population (P New Zealand. The significant increase in community-associated S. aureus infections is of public health importance. Future studies should investigate the reasons underlying this concerning trend. PMID:24299298

Detection and identification of Staphylococcus aureus in raw milk by ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Staphylococcus aureus causes foodborne diseases if consumed in contaminated milk products. Rapid detection and characterization of foodborne pathogen S. aureus is crucial for epidemiological investigations and food safety surveillance. It is still a challenge to detect and identify bacterial pathogens quickly and ...

Staphylococcus aureus biofilms: recent developments in biofilm dispersal.

Science.gov (United States)

Lister, Jessica L; Horswill, Alexander R

2014-01-01

Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of nosocomial and community-acquired infections and represents a significant burden on the healthcare system. S. aureus attachment to medical implants and host tissue, and the establishment of a mature biofilm, play an important role in the persistence of chronic infections. The formation of a biofilm, and encasement of cells in a polymer-based matrix, decreases the susceptibility to antimicrobials and immune defenses, making these infections difficult to eradicate. During infection, dispersal of cells from the biofilm can result in spread to secondary sites and worsening of the infection. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the pathways behind biofilm dispersal in S. aureus, with a focus on enzymatic and newly described broad-spectrum dispersal mechanisms. Additionally, we explore potential applications of dispersal in the treatment of biofilm-mediated infections.

Reversible antibiotic tolerance induced in Staphylococcus aureus by concurrent drug exposure

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Haaber, Jakob Krause; Friberg, Cathrine; McCreary, Mark

2015-01-01

UNLABELLED: Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to beta-lactam antibiotics has led to increasing use of the glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin as a life-saving treatment for major S. aureus infections. Coinfection by an unrelated bacterial species may necessitate concurrent treatment with a second...... antibiotic that targets the coinfecting pathogen. While investigating factors that affect bacterial antibiotic sensitivity, we discovered that susceptibility of S. aureus to vancomycin is reduced by concurrent exposure to colistin, a cationic peptide antimicrobial employed to treat infections by Gram......-negative pathogens. We show that colistin-induced vancomycin tolerance persists only as long as the inducer is present and is accompanied by gene expression changes similar to those resulting from mutations that produce stably inherited reduction of vancomycin sensitivity (vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus [VISA...

Bacteriocins of Non-aureus Staphylococci Isolated from Bovine Milk.

Science.gov (United States)

Carson, Domonique A; Barkema, Herman W; Naushad, Sohail; De Buck, Jeroen

2017-09-01

Non- aureus staphylococci (NAS), the bacteria most commonly isolated from the bovine udder, potentially protect the udder against infection by major mastitis pathogens due to bacteriocin production. In this study, we determined the inhibitory capability of 441 bovine NAS isolates (comprising 26 species) against bovine Staphylococcus aureus Furthermore, inhibiting isolates were tested against a human methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolate using a cross-streaking method. We determined the presence of bacteriocin clusters in NAS whole genomes using genome mining tools, BLAST, and comparison of genomes of closely related inhibiting and noninhibiting isolates and determined the genetic organization of any identified bacteriocin biosynthetic gene clusters. Forty isolates from 9 species ( S. capitis , S. chromogenes , S. epidermidis , S. pasteuri , S. saprophyticus , S. sciuri , S. simulans , S. warneri , and S. xylosus ) inhibited growth of S. aureus in vitro , 23 isolates of which, from S. capitis , S. chromogenes , S. epidermidis , S. pasteuri , S. simulans , and S. xylosus , also inhibited MRSA. One hundred five putative bacteriocin gene clusters encompassing 6 different classes (lanthipeptides, sactipeptides, lasso peptides, class IIa, class IIc, and class IId) in 95 whole genomes from 16 species were identified. A total of 25 novel bacteriocin precursors were described. In conclusion, NAS from bovine mammary glands are a source of potential bacteriocins, with >21% being possible producers, representing potential for future characterization and prospective clinical applications. IMPORTANCE Mastitis (particularly infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus ) costs Canadian dairy producers $400 million/year and is the leading cause of antibiotic use on dairy farms. With increasing antibiotic resistance and regulations regarding use, there is impetus to explore bacteriocins (bacterially produced antimicrobial peptides) for treatment and prevention of bacterial

Epidemiologia molecular y resistencia a los antimicrobianos en Staphylococcus spp. en centros sanitarios de Mallorca durante los últimos 15 años (1999-2013)

OpenAIRE

Ruiz de Gopegui Bordes, Enrique

2015-01-01

Introducción Las primeras cepas de Staphylococcus aureus resistentes a la meticilina (SARM) se detectaron en el Reino Unido en 1960. Posteriormente, se diseminaron por todo el mundo. Al principio, el SARM era un patógeno nosocomial; pero, progresivamente, se fue extendiendo a pacientes no ingresados, la mayoría de ellos relacionados con el sistema sanitario, como es el caso de los residentes geriátricos. A partir del año 2000, se detectaron cepas de SARM comunitario, con características cl...

Virulence potential of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Buruli ulcer patients

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Amissah, Nana Ama; Chlebowicz, Monika A.; Ablordey, Anthony; Tetteh, Caitlin S.; Prah, Isaac; van der Werf, Tjip S.; Friedrich, Alex W.; van Dijl, Jan Maarten; Stienstra, Ymkje; Rossen, John W.

Buruli ulcer (BU) is a necrotizing infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans. BU wounds may also be colonized with other microorganisms including Staphylococcus aureus. This study aimed to characterize the virulence factors of S. aureus isolated from BU patients.

Cemaran Staphylococcus aureus dan Pseudomonas aerogenosa Pada Stetoskop dirumah Sakit

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

leka lutpiatina

2017-10-01

The result of the research was found contamination of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aerogenosa on steteskop. The site home condition of the research data was 66.7% cleaned daily, the storage method was placed on the table 70% and the duration of using the set home more than 1 year as much as 70%. The conclusion of stethoscope at Banjarbaru Hospital was contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus by 70% and Pseudomonas aerogenosa by 17%. The suggestion of research can be continued by knowing the existence of Staphylococcus aureus resistant antibiotic and Pseudomonas aerogenous antibiotic resistant at steteskop at Hospital.

Influência da adubação com esterco bovino e inoculação de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares no crescimento de mudas de Carica papaya L. (var. Formosa)

OpenAIRE

Lins, Cláudia Elizabete de Lima; Aguiar, Regina Lúcia Félix de; Cavalcante, Uided Maaze T; Maia, Leonor Costa

1999-01-01

Devido ao rápido crescimento do mamoeiro, poucos são os solos que, em condições naturais, podem satisfazer a sua demanda por nutrientes, sendo necessária a aplicação de fertilizantes minerais que favoreçam as plantas no período do transplantio para o campo. Os fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA) são conhecidos por tornarem os seus hospedeiros mais resistentes aos estresses bióticos e abióticos, sendo por isso empregados na produção de mudas de diversas árvores frutíferas. Nesse trabalho ob...

Influência da adubação com esterco bovino e inoculação de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares no crescimento de mudas de Carica papaya L. (var. Formosa) Influence of fertilization with bovine manure and inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the growth of Carica papaya L. 'Formosa' seedlings

OpenAIRE

Cláudia Elizabete de Lima Lins; Regina Lúcia Félix de Aguiar; Uided Maaze T Cavalcante; Leonor Costa Maia

1999-01-01

Devido ao rápido crescimento do mamoeiro, poucos são os solos que, em condições naturais, podem satisfazer a sua demanda por nutrientes, sendo necessária a aplicação de fertilizantes minerais que favoreçam as plantas no período do transplantio para o campo. Os fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA) são conhecidos por tornarem os seus hospedeiros mais resistentes aos estresses bióticos e abióticos, sendo por isso empregados na produção de mudas de diversas árvores frutíferas. Nesse trabalho ob...

Fontes de resistência à murcha-de-curtobacterium em cultivares locais de feijoeiro, coletadas em Santa Catarina Identification of resistance sources of bacterial wilt in common bean landraces, collected in Santa Catarina

OpenAIRE

Gustavo de Faria Theodoro; Daniel Henrique Herbes; Antonio Carlos Maringoni

2007-01-01

Avaliou-se a reação de 73 cultivares locais de feijoeiro, coletadas em Santa Catarina, à murcha-de-curtobacterium, causada por Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens. Os experimentos foram instalados em condições de casa-de-vegetação e as cultivares IAC Carioca Pyatã e IPR 88 - Uirapuru foram os padrões resistente e suscetível, respectivamente. Aos 10 dias após a emergência, houve a inoculação das plantas com o isolado FJ 36 e as avaliações dos sintomas ocorreram aos 10, 14, 21 e 28...

GAMMA Radiation Effect On Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 19095) in Cheese MINAS FRESCALIRRADIATED

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Amaral Gurgel, M.S.C.C. DO; Spoto, M.H.F.; Domarco, R.E.

1999-01-01

Milk is an excellent medium of culture for development of Staphylococcus aureus. Gamma radiation can be an alternative method to guarantee the safety of the contaminated cheeses. The objective of this research was determine the effects of the gamma radiation on the resistance of S.aureus (ATCC 19095) in cheese M inas Frescal i rradiated. The cheeses elaborated in the Laboratory of Food Irradiation of CENA/USP, were contaminated during their production with 10 6 CFU/mL of culture of S.aureus (ATCC 19095). The cheeses were irradiated with 0; 1; 2; 3 and 4 kGy, maintained under refrigeration condition (5 0C ) and analyzed at 1, 7 and 14 days of storage. The evaluation microbiology was made through the S.aureus survival analysis using Baird Parker selective medium and confirmative test of coagulase, catalase and fermentation aerobics of the manitol. The capacity of enterotoxins production by irradiated S.aureus was detected by the method of Passive Reverse Agglutination Latex. Results showed that 3 kGy is enough to destroy the S.aureus and 2 kGy to inhibited its toxins production

Atividade antimicrobiana de méis de cinco espécies de abelhas brasileiras sem ferrão Antimicrobial activity of honey from five species of Brazilian stingless bees

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Manuela Dória Mercês

2013-04-01

Full Text Available A atividade antimicrobiana de méis produzidos por Melipona asilvai, Melipona quadrifasciata anthidioides, Friseomelita doederleinei, Tetragonisca angustula e Plebeia sp. foi investigada. O teste de difusão em poço demonstrou que todos os méis tem ação antibacteriana frente a Staphylococcus aureus, mas somente as amostras produzidas por M. quadrifasciata anthidioides e F. doederleinei inibiram o crescimento de Escherichia coli. No ensaio de determinação da concentração inibitória mínima, os méis de M. asilvai, M. quadrifasciata anthidioides, F. doederleinei e T. angustula foram mais ativos que os de Plebeia sp. frente a S. aureus e E. coli. Os micro-organismos Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Candida albicans foram resistentes a todos os méis em ambos ensaios. Os méis foram mais efetivos contra as bactérias do que frente a uma solução de açúcar, sugerindo que o mecanismo de inibição do crescimento bacteriano não está somente relacionado ao efeito osmótico. Os resultados obtidos podem explicar o uso medicinal desses méis em doenças bacterianas.The antimicrobial activity of honey produced by Melipona asilvai, Melipona quadrifasciata anthidioides, Friseomelita doederleinei, Tetragonisca angustula and Plebeia sp. were investigated. The agar well diffusion assay demonstrated that all honeys had antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, but only the samples from M. quadrifasciata anthidioides and F. doederleinei inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli. In the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration determination assay, M. asilvai, M. quadrifasciata anthidioides, F. doederleinei and T. angustula honeys were more active than that from Plebeia sp. for S. aureus and E. coli. The microorganisms Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans were resistant to the all native stingless bee honeys in both assays. Honeys were more effective against bacteria than a sugar solution, suggesting that the mechanism for bacterial growth inhibition

Humanized Mouse Models of Staphylococcus aureus Infection

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Dane Parker

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Staphylococcus aureus is a successful human pathogen that has adapted itself in response to selection pressure by the human immune system. A commensal of the human skin and nose, it is a leading cause of several conditions: skin and soft tissue infection, pneumonia, septicemia, peritonitis, bacteremia, and endocarditis. Mice have been used extensively in all these conditions to identify virulence factors and host components important for pathogenesis. Although significant effort has gone toward development of an anti-staphylococcal vaccine, antibodies have proven ineffective in preventing infection in humans after successful studies in mice. These results have raised questions as to the utility of mice to predict patient outcome and suggest that humanized mice might prove useful in modeling infection. The development of humanized mouse models of S. aureus infection will allow us to assess the contribution of several human-specific virulence factors, in addition to exploring components of the human immune system in protection against S. aureus infection. Their use is discussed in light of several recently reported studies.

Fotossíntese de biótipos de azevém sob condição de competição Photosynthesis of ryegrass biotypes under different competition levels

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

G. Concenço

2008-01-01

Full Text Available As características associadas à atividade fotossintética de biótipos de azevém, resistente e suscetível ao herbicida glyphosate, foram avaliadas sob diferentes níveis de competição entre biótipos. O experimento foi realizado em esquema fatorial 2 x 5, com dois biótipos de azevém, resistente e suscetível ao glyphosate, cultivados em planta única no centro da parcela, competindo com zero, um, dois, três ou quatro plantas do biótipo oposto. Cinqüenta dias após a emergência, foram determinadas a taxa de fluxo de gases pelos estômatos (U - µmol s-1, a concentração de CO2 subestomática (Ci - µmol mol-1 e a taxa fotossintética (A - µmol m-2 s-1, sendo calculado ainda o CO2 consumido (ΔC - µmol mol-1 a partir dos valores de CO2 de referência e CO2 na câmara de avaliação. Os dados foram coletados utilizando-se analisador de gases no infravermelho (IRGA, marca ADC, modelo LCA 4. Foi elaborada matriz de correlação entre as variáveis. Os biótipos de azevém resistente e suscetível ao glyphosate não diferiram quanto à atividade fotossintética na ausência de competição. No entanto, a taxa fotossintética foi reduzida com o aumento na intensidade de competição com plantas do biótipo oposto, tanto para o biótipo resistente como para o suscetível, e também para o biótipo resistente quando em competição com plantas do mesmo biótipo. Atribuiu-se tal comportamento ao aumento no sombreamento mútuo e à competição por luz.Characteristics associated with photosynthetic activity of ryegrass biotypes, susceptible and resistant to glyphosate, were evaluated under different competition levels. The experiment was installed in a factorial design, with two ryegrass biotypes, susceptible and resistant to glyphosate, growing in the plot center, surrounded by 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 plants of the opposite biotype. Fifty days after emergence, stomatal gas flow rate (U µmol s¹, sub-stomatal CO2 concentration (Ci - µmol mol-1

Detection and identification of Staphylococcus aureus in raw milk by ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

STORAGESEVER

2010-04-12

Apr 12, 2010 ... detection and identification of S. aureus in raw milk demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity. Key words: Microarray .... sterile after screening for S. aureus contamination according to the procedure described by Wang ... methods, the microarray method is high throughput, specific, and sensitive and also ...

Unraveling the dynamics of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bootsma, M.C.; Bonten, M.J.M.

2013-01-01

Since the first description of the community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) strain USA300 [1] in the 1990s, this pathogen has emerged worldwide [2]. Within a decade, USA300 has become the most prevalent cause of community-acquired S. aureus infections in many

Distribution of capsular and surface polysaccharide serotypes of Staphylococcus aureus

NARCIS (Netherlands)

von Eiff, Christof; Taylor, Kimberly L; Mellmann, Alexander; Fattom, Ali I; Friedrich, Alexander W.; Peters, Georg; Becker, Karsten

Because of its ability to cause serious and fatal infections, Staphylococcus aureus remains one of the most feared microorganisms. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) has long been a common pathogen in healthcare facilities, but within the past decade, it has emerged as a problematic pathogen in

Aspartate inhibits Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation.

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Hang; Wang, Mengyue; Yu, Junping; Wei, Hongping

2015-04-01

Biofilm formation renders Staphylococcus aureus highly resistant to conventional antibiotics and host defenses. Four D-amino acids (D-Leu, D-Met, D-Trp and D-Tyr) have been reported to be able to inhibit biofilm formation and disassemble established S. aureus biofilms. We report here for the first time that both D- and L-isoforms of aspartate (Asp) inhibited S. aureus biofilm formation on tissue culture plates. Similar biofilm inhibition effects were also observed against other staphylococcal strains, including S. saprophyticus, S. equorum, S. chromogenes and S. haemolyticus. It was found that Asp at high concentrations (>10 mM) inhibited the growth of planktonic N315 cells, but at subinhibitory concentrations decreased the cellular metabolic activity without influencing cell growth. The decreased cellular metabolic activity might be the reason for the production of less protein and DNA in the matrix of the biofilms formed in the presence of Asp. However, varied inhibition efficacies of Asp were observed for biofilms formed by clinical staphylococcal isolates. There might be mechanisms other than decreasing the metabolic activity, e.g. the biofilm phenotypes, affecting biofilm formation in the presence of Asp. © FEMS 2015. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Quality control of direct molecular diagnostics for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

NARCIS (Netherlands)

van Belkum, Alex; Niesters, Hubert G M; MacKay, William G; van Leeuwen, Willem B

Ten samples containing various amounts of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), methicillin-susceptible S. aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE), and combinations thereof were distributed to 51 laboratories for molecular diagnostics testing. Samples containing

Long-term mortality after Staphylococcus aureus spondylodiscitis

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Aagaard, Theis; Roed, Casper; Larsen, Anders R

2014-01-01

Patients diagnosed with Staphylococcus aureus spondylodiscitis have increased long-term mortality compared with the background population mainly due to infectious, endocrine, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and alcohol and drug abuse-related diseases.......Patients diagnosed with Staphylococcus aureus spondylodiscitis have increased long-term mortality compared with the background population mainly due to infectious, endocrine, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and alcohol and drug abuse-related diseases....

Daya Hambat Ekstrak Aloe Vera terhadap pertumbuhan Staphylococcus Aureus

OpenAIRE

Rahmat, drg.Sp,Pros

2011-01-01

Dari hasil penelitian , maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak Aloe Vera dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Stafhylococcus aureus, dan kadar hambat minimal ekstrak Aloe Vera adalah pada konsentrasi 25%. Tujuan Penelitan Ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektifitas ekstrak Aloe vera dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Stafhylococcus aureus dan daya hambat menimal, (DHM) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri tersebut. Metode yang digunakan adalah pertumbuhan ekstrak Aloe vera, penegnceran ekstrak , pemur...

Staphylococcus aureus utilizes host-derived lipoprotein particles as sources of exogenous fatty acids.

Science.gov (United States)

Delekta, Phillip C; Shook, John C; Lydic, Todd A; Mulks, Martha H; Hammer, Neal D

2018-03-26

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a threat to global health. Consequently, much effort has focused on the development of new antimicrobials that target novel aspects of S. aureus physiology. Fatty acids are required to maintain cell viability, and bacteria synthesize fatty acids using the type II fatty acid synthesis pathway (FASII). FASII is significantly different from human fatty acid synthesis, underscoring the therapeutic potential of inhibiting this pathway. However, many Gram-positive pathogens incorporate exogenous fatty acids, bypassing FASII inhibition and leaving the clinical potential of FASII inhibitors uncertain. Importantly, the source(s) of fatty acids available to pathogens within the host environment remains unclear. Fatty acids are transported throughout the body by lipoprotein particles in the form of triglycerides and esterified cholesterol. Thus, lipoproteins, such as low-density lipoprotein (LDL) represent a potentially rich source of exogenous fatty acids for S. aureus during infection. We sought to test the ability of LDLs to serve as a fatty acid source for S. aureus and show that cells cultured in the presence of human LDLs demonstrate increased tolerance to the FASII inhibitor, triclosan. Using mass spectrometry, we observed that host-derived fatty acids present in the LDLs are incorporated into the staphylococcal membrane and that tolerance to triclosan is facilitated by the fatty acid kinase A, FakA, and Geh, a triacylglycerol lipase. Finally, we demonstrate that human LDLs support the growth of S. aureus fatty acid auxotrophs. Together, these results suggest that human lipoprotein particles are a viable source of exogenous fatty acids for S. aureus during infection. IMPORTANCE Inhibition of bacterial fatty acid synthesis is a promising approach to combating infections caused by S. aureus and other human pathogens. However, S. aureus incorporates exogenous fatty acids into its phospholipid bilayer. Therefore, the

FOOD MICROORGANISMS INFLUENCING THE GROWTH OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS.

Science.gov (United States)

GRAVES, R R; FRAZIER, W C

1963-11-01

Some 870 cultures of predominating micro-organisms were isolated from market samples of hamburger, fresh pork sausage, fresh fish fillets, stewing beef, frozen chicken pot pie, frozen corn, frozen peas, and pasteurized and raw milk, before and after storage at different temperatures. The isolates were screened for their ability to influence the growth of Staphylococcus aureus strain 196E by means of spot-plate tests on APT and nutrient agars at 25 C. The 438 cultures that influenced the growth of S. aureus were retested on spot plates at 15, 30, and 42 C. After elimination of replicates, the 143 remaining cultures were classified into species, genera, or groups, and 14 different cultures were tested for their influence on the growth of S. aureus in APT broth at 25 C. Over half of the effective cultures inhibited S. aureus and less than half were stimulatory. Pork sausage had the highest proportion of inhibitory cultures, and stewing beef had the lowest. APT agar was better than nutrient agar for screening, and incubation at 15 C gave more effector organisms than at 30 and 42 C. Most of the lactic acid bacteria were inhibitory, but other groups of bacteria contained more stimulatory cultures than inhibitory ones. The three Escherichia coli cultures were stimulatory, but most other Escherichia cultures were inhibitory. Aerobacter and Paracolobactrum isolates were mostly stimulatory. Cultures of other kinds of bacteria were more or less evenly distributed between inhibitory ones and stimulatory ones. Genera containing mostly inhibitory bacteria were Streptococcus, Leuconostoc, and Lactobacillus. Inhibitory species were E. freundii and E. intermedia. Tests with S. aureus in broth indicated that all cultures inhibitory according to spot plates were inhibitory in broth, but stimulation on spot plates did not always indicate the same phenomenon in broth.

Diversity of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates in European Wildlife

Science.gov (United States)

Monecke, Stefan; Gavier-Widén, Dolores; Hotzel, Helmut; Peters, Martin; Guenther, Sebastian; Lazaris, Alexandros; Loncaric, Igor; Müller, Elke; Reissig, Annett; Ruppelt-Lorz, Antje; Shore, Anna C.; Walter, Birgit; Coleman, David C.; Ehricht, Ralf

2016-01-01

Staphylococcus aureus is a well-known colonizer and cause of infection among animals and it has been described from numerous domestic and wild animal species. The aim of the present study was to investigate the molecular epidemiology of S. aureus in a convenience sample of European wildlife and to review what previously has been observed in the subject field. 124 S. aureus isolates were collected from wildlife in Germany, Austria and Sweden; they were characterized by DNA microarray hybridization and, for isolates with novel hybridization patterns, by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The isolates were assigned to 29 clonal complexes and singleton sequence types (CC1, CC5, CC6, CC7, CC8, CC9, CC12, CC15, CC22, CC25, CC30, CC49, CC59, CC88, CC97, CC130, CC133, CC398, ST425, CC599, CC692, CC707, ST890, CC1956, ST2425, CC2671, ST2691, CC2767 and ST2963), some of which (ST2425, ST2691, ST2963) were not described previously. Resistance rates in wildlife strains were rather low and mecA-MRSA isolates were rare (n = 6). mecC-MRSA (n = 8) were identified from a fox, a fallow deer, hares and hedgehogs. The common cattle-associated lineages CC479 and CC705 were not detected in wildlife in the present study while, in contrast, a third common cattle lineage, CC97, was found to be common among cervids. No Staphylococcus argenteus or Staphylococcus schweitzeri-like isolates were found. Systematic studies are required to monitor the possible transmission of human- and livestock-associated S. aureus/MRSA to wildlife and vice versa as well as the possible transmission, by unprotected contact to animals. The prevalence of S. aureus/MRSA in wildlife as well as its population structures in different wildlife host species warrants further investigation. PMID:27992523

Virulence Factors of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates in an Iranian Referral Children's Hospital.

Science.gov (United States)

Sabouni, Farah; Mahmoudi, Shima; Bahador, Abbas; Pourakbari, Babak; Sadeghi, Reihaneh Hosseinpour; Ashtiani, Mohammad Taghi Haghi; Nikmanesh, Bahram; Mamishi, Setareh

2014-04-01

The clinical importance of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is attributed to notable virulence factors, surface proteins, toxins, and enzymes as well as the rapid development of drug resistance. The aim of this study was to compare the occurrence of virulence factors produced by S. aureus strains isolated from children in an Iranian referral children's hospital. The presence of genes encoding for the enterotoxins A (sea), B (seb), C (sec), D (sed), TSST-1 (tsst), exfoliative toxin A (eta), and exfoliative toxin B (etb) were detected by Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers. In addition, the standardized Kirby-Bauer disc-diffusion method was performed on Mueller-Hinton agar. In total, 133 S. aureus isolates were obtained from different patients. Of these S. aureus isolates, 64 (48%) were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and all of these tested positive for the mecA gene. Regarding the classical enterotoxin genes, sea gene (40.6%) was the most prevalent followed by seb (19.6%), tsst (12.8%), eta (11.3%), etb (9%), sed (4.5%), and sec (3%). Among methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates, seb and tsst were the more prevalent toxins in comparison with MRSA isolates (p  0.05). In our study enterotoxin A was produced by 40.6% of the isolates (48% from MRSA and 33% from MSSA isolates) which was higher than in previous reports. According to our results, strict hygiene and preventative measures during food processing are highly recommended.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage and infection among patients with diabetic foot ulcer.

Science.gov (United States)

Lin, Shin-Yi; Lin, Nai-Yu; Huang, Yu-Yao; Hsieh, Chi-Chun; Huang, Yhu-Chering

2018-06-04

To evaluate the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal carriage in patients with diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) in Taiwan, and to assess the concordance between colonizing and clinical MRSA isolates from the patients. A total of 354 nasal specimens were collected from 112 to 242 diabetic patients with and without foot ulcer, respectively. MRSA clinical isolates from DFU wound cultures were collected for comparison. Nasal carriage rate of S. aureus and MRSA was similar between diabetic patients with and without foot ulcer (15.2% vs. 16.9% for S. aureus and 5.4% vs. 1.7% for MRSA). Nasal S. aureus colonization was an independent predictor for wound S. aureus infection (Odds ratio [OR]: 5.33, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.61-17.59), so did nasal MRSA colonization (OR: 19.09, 95% CI: 2.12-171.91). The levels of glycated hemoglobin, and the usage with immunosuppressant agent were associated with S. aureus nasal colonization while oral hypoglycemic agent usage a protective factor. Sequence type 59/staphylococcal chromosome cassette mec IV or V, the local endemic community-associated clone, accounted for 42% and 70% of the clinical and colonizing isolates, respectively. Six of 10 patients with paired colonizing and clinical isolates, either MRSA or methicillin-sensitive S. aureus, had a genetically identical strain from a single patient. Less than one-fifth of patients with DFU have nasal S. aureus, including MRSA, colonization; however, the colonization is significantly associated with S. aureus diabetic foot infection. Screening for S. aureus colonizing status in DFU patients might have a potential clinical implication. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Cationic Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37 Is Effective against both Extra- and Intracellular Staphylococcus aureus

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Noore, Jabeen; Noore, Adly

2013-01-01

The increasing resistance of bacteria to conventional antibiotics and the challenges posed by intracellular bacteria, which may be responsible for chronic and recurrent infections, have driven the need for advanced antimicrobial drugs for effective elimination of both extra- and intracellular pathogens. The purpose of this study was to determine the killing efficacy of cationic antimicrobial peptide LL-37 compared to conventional antibiotics against extra- and intracellular Staphylococcus aureus. Bacterial killing assays and an infection model of osteoblasts and S. aureus were studied to determine the bacterial killing efficacy of LL-37 and conventional antibiotics against extra- and intracellular S. aureus. We found that LL-37 was effective in killing extracellular S. aureus at nanomolar concentrations, while lactoferricin B was effective at micromolar concentrations and doxycycline and cefazolin at millimolar concentrations. LL-37 was surprisingly more effective in killing the clinical strain than in killing an ATCC strain of S. aureus. Moreover, LL-37 was superior to conventional antibiotics in eliminating intracellular S. aureus. The kinetic studies further revealed that LL-37 was fast in eliminating both extra- and intracellular S. aureus. Therefore, LL-37 was shown to be very potent and prompt in eliminating both extra- and intracellular S. aureus and was more effective in killing extra- and intracellular S. aureus than commonly used conventional antibiotics. LL-37 could potentially be used to treat chronic and recurrent infections due to its effectiveness in eliminating not only extracellular but also intracellular pathogens. PMID:23274662

Development of a multicomponent Staphylococcus aureus vaccine designed to counter multiple bacterial virulence factors

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Anderson, Annaliesa S.; Miller, Alita A.; Donald, Robert G.K.; Scully, Ingrid L.; Nanra, Jasdeep S.; Cooper, David; Jansen, Kathrin U.

2012-01-01

Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of healthcare-associated infections and is responsible for a substantial burden of disease in hospitalized patients. Despite increasingly rigorous infection control guidelines, the prevalence and corresponding negative impact of S. aureus infections remain considerable. Difficulties in controlling S. aureus infections as well as the associated treatment costs are exacerbated by increasing rates of resistance to available antibiotics. Despite ongoing efforts over the past 20 years, no licensed S. aureus vaccine is currently available. However, learnings from past clinical failures of vaccine candidates and a better understanding of the immunopathology of S. aureus colonization and infection have aided in the design of new vaccine candidates based on multiple important bacterial pathogenesis mechanisms. This review outlines important considerations in designing a vaccine for the prevention of S. aureus disease in healthcare settings. PMID:22922765

Assessing the potential for raw meat to influence human colonization with Staphylococcus aureus.

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Carrel, Margaret; Zhao, Chang; Thapaliya, Dipendra; Bitterman, Patrick; Kates, Ashley E; Hanson, Blake M; Smith, Tara C

2017-09-07

The role of household meat handling and consumption in the transfer of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) from livestock to consumers is not well understood. Examining the similarity of S. aureus colonizing humans and S. aureus in meat from the stores in which those individuals shop can provide insight into the role of meat in human S. aureus colonization. S. aureus isolates were collected from individuals in rural and urban communities in Iowa (n = 3347) and contemporaneously from meat products in stores where participants report purchasing meat (n = 913). The staphylococcal protein A (spa) gene was sequenced for all isolates to determine a spa type. Morisita indices and Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance Using Distance Matrices (PERMANOVA) were used to determine the relationship between spa type composition among human samples and meat samples. spa type composition was significantly different between households and meat sampled from their associated grocery stores. spa types found in meat were not significantly different regardless of the store or county in which they were sampled. spa types in people also exhibit high similarity regardless of residential location in urban or rural counties. Such findings suggest meat is not an important source of S. aureus colonization in shoppers.

Resistência de porta-enxertos para pessegueiro e ameixeira aos nematóides causadores de galhas (Meloidogyne spp. Resistance of rootstock for peach tree and plum to root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.

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José Carlos Fachinello

2000-03-01

Full Text Available O trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de comparar o comportamento de cinco diferentes porta-enxertos para frutas de caroço em frente a duas espécies de nematóides do gênero Meloidogyne (Meloidogyne javanica e Meloidogyne incognita. O cultivar GF 677 foi obtido a partir do cultivo in vitro e os demais porta-enxertos a partir de sementes. Aos dois meses, as plântulas foram repicadas e inoculadas com uma mistura de Meloidogyne javanica e M. incognita aos 30, 60 e 70 dias após o plantio em canteiros incorporando-se 0,2kg de solo altamente infestado com os nematóides ao redor de cada planta. Ao final do experimento, avaliaram-se o desenvolvimento das plantas e o grau de infecção de cada cultivar. O grau de resistência dos cultivares foi estimado a partir do índice de galhas, obtido através de uma escala de grau ou nota, a qual varia de 0 a 5, em função do número de galhas ou ootecas. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que o cultivar Okinawa não apresentou galhas no sistema radicular e na análise de crescimento foi superior aos demais cultivares. Os cultivares R-15-2 e Aldrighi foram considerados resistentes aos fitonematóides por apresentarem pequeno número de galhas no sistema radicular. Já o cultivar GF 677 apresentou maior número de galhas no sistema radicular, chegando a 126 galhas/g de raiz.The work was carried out with the objective of comparing the response of five different stone fruit rootstocks to two nematode species (Meloidogyne javanica and Meloidogyne incognita. The cultivar GF677, which was obtained from in vitro cultivation and the others rootstocks, were obtained from seedlings. Two month old plants were transplanted and inoculated with a mixture of both nematode species at 30, 60, 70 days after planting, by incorporating 0.2kg of highly infested soil around each cultivar. The development of the roststocks were evaluated at the end of the experiment. Number of galls, ranging from 0 to 5 was used to score the

A sensitive assay for Staphylococcus aureus nucleases

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Kohli, J K; Vakil, B V; Patil, M S; Pandey, V N; Pradhan, D S [Bhabha Atomic Reserach Centre, Bombay (India). Biochemistry Div.

1989-10-01

A sensitive assay for staphylococcal nuclease involving incubation of the enzyme sample with heat-denatured ({sup 3}H) thymidine labelled DNA from E.coli, precipitation with trichloroacetic acid and measurement of the radioactivity of acid-soluble nucleotides released has been developed. The assay is sensitive enough to be used for comparing the levels of nucleases elaborated by different strains of S. aureus as well as for determining the extent of contamination of S. aureus in food and water samples even at levels at which the conventional spectrophotometric and toluidine blue-DNA methods are totally inadequate. (author). 26 refs., 3 figs ., 3 tabs.

Staphylococcus aureus redirects central metabolism to increase iron availability.

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David B Friedman

2006-08-01

Full Text Available Staphylococcus aureus pathogenesis is significantly influenced by the iron status of the host. However, the regulatory impact of host iron sources on S. aureus gene expression remains unknown. In this study, we combine multivariable difference gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry with multivariate statistical analyses to systematically cluster cellular protein response across distinct iron-exposure conditions. Quadruplicate samples were simultaneously analyzed for alterations in protein abundance and/or post-translational modification state in response to environmental (iron chelation, hemin treatment or genetic (Deltafur alterations in bacterial iron exposure. We identified 120 proteins representing several coordinated biochemical pathways that are affected by changes in iron-exposure status. Highlighted in these experiments is the identification of the heme-regulated transport system (HrtAB, a novel transport system which plays a critical role in staphylococcal heme metabolism. Further, we show that regulated overproduction of acidic end-products brought on by iron starvation decreases local pH resulting in the release of iron from the host iron-sequestering protein transferrin. These findings reveal novel strategies used by S. aureus to acquire scarce nutrients in the hostile host environment and begin to define the iron and heme-dependent regulons of S. aureus.

Antimicrobial Mechanisms of Macrophages and the Immune Evasion Strategies of Staphylococcus aureus

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Flannagan, Ronald S.; Heit, Bryan; Heinrichs, David E.

2015-01-01

Habitually professional phagocytes, including macrophages, eradicate microbial invaders from the human body without overt signs of infection. Despite this, there exist select bacteria that are professional pathogens, causing significant morbidity and mortality across the globe and Staphylococcus aureus is no exception. S. aureus is a highly successful pathogen that can infect virtually every tissue that comprises the human body causing a broad spectrum of diseases. The profound pathogenic capacity of S. aureus can be attributed, in part, to its ability to elaborate a profusion of bacterial effectors that circumvent host immunity. Macrophages are important professional phagocytes that contribute to both the innate and adaptive immune response, however from in vitro and in vivo studies, it is evident that they fail to eradicate S. aureus. This review provides an overview of the antimicrobial mechanisms employed by macrophages to combat bacteria and describes the immune evasion strategies and some representative effectors that enable S. aureus to evade macrophage-mediated killing. PMID:26633519

The bactericidal mechanism of action against Staphylococcus aureus for AgO nanoparticles

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Shen, Wenning, E-mail: shenwenning@qq.com [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi' an University of Technology, No. 5 South Jinhua Road, Xi' an 710048 (China); Li, Pin [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi' an University of Technology, No. 5 South Jinhua Road, Xi' an 710048 (China); Feng, Hui [Shaanxi Institute of Zoology, Xi' an 710032 (China); Ge, Yanfeng; Liu, Zheng; Feng, Lajun [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi' an University of Technology, No. 5 South Jinhua Road, Xi' an 710048 (China)

2017-06-01

To identify the mechanistic effects of AgO nanoparticles on Gram-positive bacteria, S. aureus cells suspended in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) and deionized water were separately treated using AgO nanoparticles at different concentrations. The phase composition changes of the bactericide after killing S. aureus and the cellular responses of S. aureus to AgO were characterized by X-ray diffraction, atomic absorption spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The results show that AgO nanoparticles could kill S. aureus suspended in PBS and deionized water. The bactericidal effect of AgO bactericide against S. aureus in water was better than that in PBS, due to the formation of Ag{sub 3}PO{sub 4} from the reaction between AgO and PBS. AgO nanoparticles exerted their bactericidal activity by multiple processes. AgO nanoparticles adhered to the surface of S. aureus cells firstly, then induced physical alterations in cell morphology and released silver ions, leading to initial injuries of cell membrane. Once membrane damage occurred, they entered the cells, and damaged the intracellular materials, eventually causing severe morphological and structural injuries to the cells and leakage of cytoplasm. - Highlights: • S. aureus in water was more sensitive to AgO than in PBS, since AgO reacted with PBS and formed Ag{sub 3}PO{sub 4}. • After killing S. aureus in water, AgO did not changed. • AgO particles attached to cell surface then interacted with the cells, resulting in the increase of released silver contents. • Cell membrane damages by AgO nanoparticles were supported by the leakages of K{sup +}, proteins and DNA. • Serious cell morphological and structural changes were caused by AgO nanoparticles.

The bactericidal mechanism of action against Staphylococcus aureus for AgO nanoparticles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shen, Wenning; Li, Pin; Feng, Hui; Ge, Yanfeng; Liu, Zheng; Feng, Lajun

2017-01-01

To identify the mechanistic effects of AgO nanoparticles on Gram-positive bacteria, S. aureus cells suspended in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) and deionized water were separately treated using AgO nanoparticles at different concentrations. The phase composition changes of the bactericide after killing S. aureus and the cellular responses of S. aureus to AgO were characterized by X-ray diffraction, atomic absorption spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The results show that AgO nanoparticles could kill S. aureus suspended in PBS and deionized water. The bactericidal effect of AgO bactericide against S. aureus in water was better than that in PBS, due to the formation of Ag 3 PO 4 from the reaction between AgO and PBS. AgO nanoparticles exerted their bactericidal activity by multiple processes. AgO nanoparticles adhered to the surface of S. aureus cells firstly, then induced physical alterations in cell morphology and released silver ions, leading to initial injuries of cell membrane. Once membrane damage occurred, they entered the cells, and damaged the intracellular materials, eventually causing severe morphological and structural injuries to the cells and leakage of cytoplasm. - Highlights: • S. aureus in water was more sensitive to AgO than in PBS, since AgO reacted with PBS and formed Ag 3 PO 4 . • After killing S. aureus in water, AgO did not changed. • AgO particles attached to cell surface then interacted with the cells, resulting in the increase of released silver contents. • Cell membrane damages by AgO nanoparticles were supported by the leakages of K + , proteins and DNA. • Serious cell morphological and structural changes were caused by AgO nanoparticles.

Molecular Characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus Causing Bovine Mastitis between 2014 and 2015.

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Li, Tianming; Lu, Huiying; Wang, Xing; Gao, Qianqian; Dai, Yingxin; Shang, Jun; Li, Min

2017-01-01

Staphylococcus aureus is highly pathogenic and can cause diseases in both humans and domestic animals. In animal species, including ruminants, S. aureus may cause severe or sub-clinical mastitis. This study aimed to investigate the molecular profile, antimicrobial resistance, and genotype/phenotype correlation of 212 S. aureus isolates recovered from cases of bovine mastitis from 2014 to 2015 in the Shanghai and Zhejiang areas of China. Nineteen sequence types (STs) were determined by multi-locus sequence typing, while the dominant ST was ST97, followed by ST520, ST188, ST398, ST7, and ST9. Within 14 methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates and 198 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates, ST97 was the predominant MSSA clone and ST9-MRSA-SCCmecXII-spa t899 was the most common MRSA clone. The MRSA strains showed much higher rates of resistance to multiple antibiotics than did MSSA strains. Compared with other MSSA strains, MSSA ST398 was more resistant to clindamycin, erythromycin, and ciprofloxacin. No isolates were resistant to vancomycin, teicoplanin, or linezolid. The molecular profiles of the virulence genes varied in different strains. ST520 strains carried seg-sei-sem-sen-seo genes, and ST9 and ST97 harbored sdrD-sdrE genes. Virulence phenotype analysis showed diversity in different clones. Biofilm formation ability was significantly enhanced in ST188 and ST7, and red blood cell lysis capacity was relatively strong in all S. aureus strains of animal origin except ST7. Our results indicate that MSSA was the predominant S. aureus strain causing bovine mastitis in eastern regions of China. However, the presence of multidrug resistant and toxigenic MRSA clone ST9 suggests that comprehensive surveillance of S. aureus infection should be implemented in the management of animal husbandry products.

Frequency of Reduced Vancomycin Susceptibility among Clinical Staphylococcus aureus Isolated in Ahvaz Iran

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Mojtaba Moosavian

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Introduction:   One   of   the   most   important   agents   in   hospital-acquired   infections   is Staphylococcus aureus. Treatment of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA infections with decreased susceptibility to vancomycin has recently been more difficult. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible presence of vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA and vancomycin- resistant S. aureus (VRSA and also to determine the frequency of MRSA in clinical specimens.Methods: In this study, 195 S. aureus isolates were collected from the patients were examined. All of the isolates were identified using standard biochemical tests.  Susceptibility of S. aureus isolates against 10 antibiotics was detected by disk diffusion method and was followed by E-test and vancomycin screen agar methods. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC of vancomycin was determined according to the CLSI guidelines.  Also, detection of mecA gene was performed by PCR and finally, the results were compared.Results: All of the isolates were susceptible to vancomycin (i.e. MIC range of vancomycin was between 0.25-2 µg/ml. Out of 195 S. aureus isolates, 99 isolates (50.8% were resistant to methicillin, and mecA gene was detected in 96 isolates. These results also showed that the highest and lowest resistance rate of isolates was to penicillin (96.9% and chloramphenicol (0%, respectively.Conclusion: Our findings showed that vancomycin can still be used as a valuable drug for treatment of S. aureus infections in our region. However, periodic evaluation of vancomycin MIC of S. aureus isolates is critical for monitoring MRSA and preventing the spread of VISA or VRSA among patients.

Efeito dos óleos essenciais de Syzygium aromaticum e Cinnamomum zeylanicume e seus compostos majoritários na produçao de biofilme em cepas de Staphylococcus aureus, isolados de leite de vacas com mastite subclínica

OpenAIRE

Budri, Paulo Eduardo [UNESP

2014-01-01

Bovine Mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland of cows causing economic losses in dairy cattle and Staphylococcus aureus is one of the microorganisms most commonly isolated in this kind of disease. The production of biofilms by S. aureus is an important virulence factor and spreed of this microorganism, involving the adhesion of bacteria on solid surfaces. In this work we tested the essential oils of Syzygium aromaticum (OESA) and Cinnamomum zeylanicum (OECZ) and their major compound...

Oxacilin-resistant Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS bacteremia in a general hospital at São Paulo city, Brasil Bacteremias por Staphylococcus coagulase negativos oxacilina resistentes em um hospital na cidade de São Paulo, Brasil

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P.A. D'Azevedo

2008-12-01

Full Text Available In the last decades, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS, especially Staphylococcus epidermidis have become an important cause of bloodstream infections. In addition, rates of methicillin-resistance among CoNS have increased substantially, leading to the use of glicopeptides for therapy. The objective of this study was to evaluate eleven consecutives clinically relevant cases of oxacillin-resistant CoNS bacteremia in a general hospital localized in São Paulo city, Brazil. Five different species were identified by different phenotypic methods, including S. epidermidis (5, S. haemolyticus (3, S. hominis (1, S. warneri (1 and S. cohnii subsp urealyticus (1. A variety of Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis profiles was observed by macrorestriction DNA analysis in S. epidermidis isolates, but two of three S. haemolyticus isolates presented the same profile. These data indicated the heterogeneity of the CoNS isolates, suggesting that horizontal dissemination of these microorganisms in the investigated hospital was not frequent. One S. epidermidis and one S. haemolyticus isolates were resistant to teicoplanin and susceptible to vancomycin. The selective pressure due to the use of teicoplanin in this hospital is relevant.Staphylococcus coagulase negativos (SCoN, especialmente Staphylococcus epidermidis tem se tornado causa importante de infecções da corrente circulatória nas últimas décadas. Além disso, percentuais de resistência a meticilina entre os SCoN têm aumentado significativamente, levando ao uso de glicopeptídeos nestes pacientes. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar onze casos consecutivos de bacteremia clinicamente relevantes por SCoN oxacilina resistentes em um hospital localizado na cidade de São Paulo, Brasil. Cinco diferentes espécies foram identificadas por diferentes métodos fenotípicos, incluindo S. epidermidis (5, S. haemolyticus (3, S. hominis (1, S. warneri (1 e S. cohnii subsp urealyticus (1. Diferentes perfis

Intracellular persisting Staphylococcus aureus is the major pathogen in recurrent tonsillitis.

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Andreas E Zautner

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: The two major indications for tonsillectomy are recurrent tonsillitis (RT and peritonsillar abscess (PTA. Unlike PTAs, which are primarily treated surgically, RT is often cured by tonsillectomy only after a series of failed drug therapy attempts. Although the bacteriological background of RT has been studied, the reason for the lack of success of conservative therapeutic approaches is not well understood. METHODS: In a prospective study, tonsil specimens from 130 RT patients and 124 PTA patients were examined for the presence of extra- and intracellular bacteria using antibiotic protection assays. Staphylococcus aureus isolates from RT patients were characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE, spa-typing and MSCRAMM-gene-PCR. Their ability for biofilm formation was tested and their cell invasiveness was confirmed by a flow cytometric invasion assay (FACS, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH and immunohistochemistry. FINDINGS: S. aureus was the predominant species (57.7% in RT patients, whereas Streptococcus pyogenes was most prevalent (20.2% in PTA patients. Three different assays (FACS, FISH, antibiotic protection assay showed that nearly all RT-associated S. aureus strains were located inside tonsillar cells. Correspondingly, the results of the MSCRAMM-gene-PCRs confirmed that 87% of these S. aureus isolates were invasive strains and not mere colonizers. Based upon PFGE analyses of genomic DNA and on spa-gene typing the vast majority of the S. aureus isolates belonged to different clonal lineages. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that intracellular residing S. aureus is the most common cause of RT and indicate that S. aureus uses this location to survive the effects of antibiotics and the host immune response. A German translation of the Abstract is provided as supplementary material (Abstract S1.

The clinical and molecular epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus infections in Fiji.

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Jenney, Adam; Holt, Deborah; Ritika, Roselyn; Southwell, Paul; Pravin, Shalini; Buadromo, Eka; Carapetis, Jonathan; Tong, Steven; Steer, Andrew

2014-03-24

There are few data describing the microbiology and genetic typing of Staphylococcus aureus that cause infections in developing countries. In this study we observed S. aureus infections in Pacific Island nation of Fiji in both the community and hospital setting with an emphasis on clonal complex (CC) genotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility. S. aureus was commonly found in impetigo lesions of school children and was recovered from 57% of impetigo lesions frequently in conjunction with group A streptococcal infection. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) comprised 7% (20/299) of isolates and were all non-multi-resistant and all genotyped as CC1. In contrast, there was a diverse selection of 17 CCs among the 105 genotyped methicillin-susceptible S.aureus (MSSA) strains. Isolates of the rare, phylogenetically divergent and non-pigmented CC75 lineage (also called S. argenteus) were found in Fiji.From hospitalized patients the available 36 MRSA isolates from a 9-month period were represented by five CCs. The most common CCs were CC1 and CC239. CC1 is likely to be a community-acquired strain, reflecting what was found in the school children, whereas the CC239 is the very successful multi-drug resistant MRSA nosocomial lineage. Of 17 MSSA isolates, 59% carried genes for Panton-Valentine leukocidin. The S. aureus bacteraemia incidence rate of 50 per 100,000 population is among the highest reported in the literature and likely reflects the high overall burden of staphylococcal infections in this population. S. aureus is an important cause of disease in Fiji and there is considerable genotypic diversity in community skin infections in Fijian schoolchildren. Community acquired- (CA)- MRSA is present at a relatively low prevalence (6.7%) and was solely to CC1 (CA-MRSA). The globally successful CC239 is also a significant pathogen in Fiji.

HIV-1 subtypes and mutations associated to antiretroviral drug resistance in human isolates from Central Brazil Subtipos e mutações associadas à resistência aos anti-retrovirais em isolados de HIV-1 do Distrito Federal

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Daniela Marreco Cerqueira

2004-09-01

Full Text Available The detection of polymorphisms associated to HIV-1 drug-resistance and genetic subtypes is important for the control and treatment of HIV-1 disease. Drug pressure selects resistant variants that carry mutations in the viral reverse transcriptase (RT and protease (PR genes. For a contribution to the public health authorities in planning the availability of therapeutic treatment, we therefore described the genetic variability, the prevalence of mutations associated to drug resistance and the antiretroviral resistance profile in HIV-1 isolates from infected individuals in Central Brazil. Nineteen HIV-1 RNA samples from a Public Health Laboratory of the Federal District were reversely transcribed and cDNAs were amplified by nested PCR. One fragment of 297 bp coding the entire protease gene, and another of 647 bp, corresponding to the partial RT gene (codons 19-234, were obtained. Automated sequencing and BLAST analysis revealed the presence of 17 B and 2 F1 HIV-1 subtypes. The amino acid sequences were analyzed for the presence of resistance-associated mutations. A total of 6 PR mutations, 2 major and 4 accessory, and 8 RT mutations related to drug resistance were found. Our data suggest a high prevalence of HIV-1 B subtype in the studied population of Federal District as well as the presence of genetically-resistant strains in individuals failing treatment.A detecção de polimorfismos do HIV-1 que estejam associados à resistência às drogas anti-retrovirais e aos subtipos genéticos é importante para o controle e tratamento da infecção pelo HIV-1. A pressão exercida pela terapia anti-retroviral seleciona variantes resistentes com mutações nos genes virais da transcriptase reversa (RT e da protease (PR. Assim, visando contribuir com as autoridades de saúde pública na perspectiva de planejar a disponibilidade de um tratamento terapêutico, nós descrevemos a variabilidade genética e a prevalência de mutações associadas à resist

Filaments in curved streamlines: rapid formation of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm streamers

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