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Sample records for au pb bi

  1. Tl, Bi, and Pb doping in Ba4BiPb2TlO12-δ

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sutto, T.E.; Averill, B.A.

    1992-01-01

    To determine the effects of different 6s metal concentrations on the superconducting nature of Ba 4 BiPb 2 TlO 12-δ , materials produced via four doping schemes were examined: Ba 4 Bi(Pb, Tl) 3 O 12-δ , Ba 4 -(BiPb) 3 TlO 12-δ , Ba 4 (Bi,Tl) 2 Pb 2 O 12-δ , and Ba 4 Bi x Pb 4-2x Tl x O 12-δ . For the parent compound a value of δ = 0.91 was observed, indicating that approximately 1/4 oxygen atom was missing per cubic subsection of the unit cell. For all samples, the symmetry of the parent compound changed from orthorhombic to tetragonal as the system moved away from the ideal composition. This was usually accompanied by the loss of superconductivity, which exhibited a maximum T c of 10.5 K for the parent compound Ba 4 BiPb 2 TlO 12-δ . Also reported are high-temperature magnetic susceptibility results, which are used to determine the effect of metal substitution on the density of states at the Fermi level. For each set of variants on the parent composition, the onset of superconductivity was accompanied by a significant decrease in the size of the Pauli paramagnetic signal. 16 refs., 6 figs

  2. Calorimetric investigation of Pb-Bi system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Agarwal, Renu; Jat, Ram Avtar; Sen, B.K.

    2008-01-01

    Enthalpy increment of Pb 0.71 Bi 0.29 compound was determined using high temperature Calvet calorimeter. The data was fit into the following polynomial equation. ΔH(T-298.15 K) J/mol = -10384.96 + 39.23 T - 0.014T 2 - 18970/T. By precipitation method, the enthalpy of formation of the compound of composition Pb 0.68 Bi 0.32 at 448 K, from Pb(l) and Bi(l) was determined to be -2450± 50 J/mol and from Pb(s) and Bi(s) at 298.15 K was calculated to be 4047 J/mol. (author)

  3. Controlled synthesis of PbS-Au nanostar-nanoparticle heterodimers and cap-like Au nanoparticles

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhao, Nana; Li, Lianshan; Huang, Teng; Qi, Limin

    2010-11-01

    Uniform PbS-Au nanostar-nanoparticle heterodimers consisting of one Au nanoparticle grown on one horn of a well-defined six-horn PbS nanostar were prepared using the PbS nanostars as growth substrates for the selective deposition of Au nanoparticles. The size of the Au nanoparticles on the horns of the PbS nanostars could be readily adjusted by changing the PbS concentration for the deposition of Au nanoparticles. An optimum cetyltrimethylammonium bromide concentration and temperature were essential for the selective deposition of uniform Au nanoparticles on single horns of the PbS nanostars. Unusual PbS-Au nanoframe-nanoparticle heterodimers were obtained by etching the PbS-Au nanostar-nanoparticle heterodimers with oxalic acid while novel cap-like Au nanoparticles were obtained by etching with hydrochloric acid. The obtained heterodimeric nanostructures and cap-like nanoparticles are promising candidates for anisotropic nanoscale building blocks for the controllable assembly of useful, complex architectures.

  4. Behavior of 210Pb and 210Bi in soil-rice system and the effects of carrier-Pb

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Li Shuding

    1993-01-01

    Chemical species of 210 Pb and 210 Bi in soil and rice were investigated using 210 Pb trace experiment. 79%-91% of 210 Pb in the soil was in available fraction. On the contrary, 80%-98% of 210 Bi was bound. The available 210 Pb in the soil was changed slowly into bound fraction, while the bound 210 Bi transformed gradually into available one. Much of 210 Pb and 210 Bi entered into rice were as inorganic free ions. The bound 210 Pb in rice was less than 1% and the bound 210 Bi was around 40%. The different adsorption affinities between 210 Pb and 210 Bi were demonstrated by the different behavior of them. The effect of carrier-Pb on adsorption of 210 Pb and 210 Bi was also discussed

  5. Lead activity in Pb-Sb-Bi alloys

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A. S. Kholkina

    2014-11-01

    Full Text Available The present work is devoted to the study of lead thermodynamic activity in the Pb-Sb-Bi alloys. The method for EMF measurements of the concentration cell: (–Pb|KCl-PbCl2¦¦KCl-PbCl2|Pb-(Sb-Bi(+ was used. The obtained concentration dependences of the galvanic cell EMF are described by linear equations. The lead activity in the ternary liquid-metal alloy demonstrates insignificant negative deviations from the behavior of ideal solutions.

  6. Depth profiles of production yields of natPb(p, xn206,205,204,203,202 Bi reactions using 100-MeV proton beam

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Oranj Leila Mokhtari

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available In this study, results of the experimental study on the depth profiles of production yields of 206,205,204,203,202Bi radio-nuclei in the natural Pb target irradiated by a 100-MeV proton beam are presented. Irradiation was performed at proton linac facility (KOMAC in Korea. The target, irradiated by 100-MeV protons, was arranged in a stack consisting of natural Pb, Al, Au foils and Pb plates. The proton beam intensity was determined by activation analysis method using 27Al(p, 3p1n24Na, 197Au(p, p1n196Au, and 197Au(p, p3n194Au monitor reactions and also using dosimetry method by a Gafchromic film. The production yields of produced Bi radio-nuclei in the natural Pb foils and monitor reactions were measured by gamma-ray spectroscopy. Monte Carlo simulations were performed by FLUKA, PHITS, and MCNPX codes and compared with the measurements in order to verify validity of physical models and nuclear data libraries in the Monte Carlo codes. A fairly good agreement was observed between the present experimental data and the simulations by FLUKA, PHITS, and MCNPX. However, physical models and the nuclear data relevant to the end of range of protons in the codes need to be improved.

  7. [sup 205]Bi/[sup 206]Bi cyclotron production from Pb-isotopes for absorption studies in humans

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Fischer, R.; Dresow, B.; Heinrich, H.C. (Universitaetskrankenhaus Eppendorf, Hamburg (Germany). Abt. Medizinische Biochemie); Wendel, J.; Bechtold, V. (Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH (Germany). Inst. fuer Kernphysik)

    1993-12-01

    Pb(p,xn) thick target excitation functions were measured in the energy range 10-38 MeV in order to optimize the production of isotopically pure radiobismuth from [sup nat]Pb, [sup 206]Pb, and [sup 207]Pb. Additionally, the decay of Po-isotopes from deuteron irradiation of natural bismuth ([sup 209]Bi) was exploited for radiobismuth production. [sup 205]Bi was produced from [sup 206]Pb at 20 MeV with only 2% of [sup 206]Bi at 4 weeks post irradiation. Bismuth compounds as used in the treatment of peptic ulcer were labeled with [sup 205]Bi for absorption studies in animals and subjects. (Author).

  8. Depth profile of production yields of {sup nat}Pb(p, xn) {sup 206,205,204,203,202,201}Bi nuclear reactions

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mokhtari Oranj, Leila [Division of Advanced Nuclear Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang 37673 (Korea, Republic of); Jung, Nam-Suk; Kim, Dong-Hyun; Lee, Arim; Bae, Oryun [Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Pohang 37673 (Korea, Republic of); Lee, Hee-Seock, E-mail: lee@postech.ac.kr [Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Pohang 37673 (Korea, Republic of)

    2016-11-01

    Experimental and simulation studies on the depth profiles of production yields of {sup nat}Pb(p, xn) {sup 206,205,204,203,202,201}Bi nuclear reactions were carried out. Irradiation experiments were performed at the high-intensity proton linac facility (KOMAC) in Korea. The targets, irradiated by 100-MeV protons, were arranged in a stack consisting of natural Pb, Al, Au foils and Pb plates. The proton beam intensity was determined by activation analysis method using {sup 27}Al(p, 3p1n){sup 24}Na, {sup 197}Au(p, p1n){sup 196}Au, and {sup 197}Au(p, p3n){sup 194}Au monitor reactions and also by Gafchromic film dosimetry method. The yields of produced radio-nuclei in the {sup nat}Pb activation foils and monitor foils were measured by HPGe spectroscopy system. Monte Carlo simulations were performed by FLUKA, PHITS/DCHAIN-SP, and MCNPX/FISPACT codes and the calculated data were compared with the experimental results. A satisfactory agreement was observed between the present experimental data and the simulations.

  9. Theoretical basis of oxygen pressure control in liquid Pb-Bi using YSZ

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jung, S. H.; Hwang, I. S.; Park, B. K.

    2002-01-01

    To develop a liquid Pb-Bi cooled reactor, it is necessary to solve the structural material corrosion problem caused by Pb-Bi. This experiment examine the fundamental behaviors to practically test the oxide film formation on the surface of structural material known as solution of corrosion inhibition in liquid Pb-Bi. The corrosion inhibition through oxide film formation is to prevent metals from dissolving into liquid Pb-Bi though not forming coolants slug resulted from oxidation. In this paper, we examined the oxygen pressure controllability using YSZ in cover gas, and theoretically derived the relationship between oxygen cover gas pressure and dissolved oxygen in liquid Pb-Bi

  10. Equilibrium phase diagram of the Ag-Au-Pb ternary system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hassam, S.; Bahari, Z.

    2005-01-01

    The phase diagram of the ternary system Ag-Au-Pb has been established using differential thermal analysis and X-ray powder diffraction analysis. Four vertical sections were studied: X Pb = 0.40, X Au /X Pb = 1/3, X Ag /X Au = 4/1 and X Ag /X Au = 1/1. Two ternary transitory peritectics and one ternary eutectic were characterized. A schematic representation of the ternary equilibria is given

  11. Pb-for-Bi substitution for enhancing thermoelectric characteristics of [(Bi,Pb)2Ba2O4+/-ω]0.5CoO2

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sakai, K.; Karppinen, M.; Chen, J. M.; Liu, R. S.; Sugihara, S.; Yamauchi, H.

    2006-06-01

    We report strongly enhanced thermoelectric characteristics for a misfit-layered oxide, [Bi2Ba2O4±ω]0.5CoO2, in a wide temperature range, as achieved through substituting up to 20% of Bi by Pb. The Pb substitution kept the thermal conductivity (κ) unchanged but decreased the electrical resistivity (ρ) and increased the Seebeck coefficient (S) simultaneously, such that a three-fold enhancement in the thermoelectric figure of merit, Z (≡S2/ρκ), was realized. At the same time x-ray absorption near-edge structure data indicated that the valence and spin states of Co are not affected by the Pb-for-Bi substitution.

  12. Technology for cleaning of Pb-Bi adhering to steel (1). Basic tests

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Saito, Shigeru; Sasa, Toshinobu; Umeno, Makoto; Kurata, Yuji; Kikuchi, Kenji; Futakawa, Masatoshi

    2004-12-01

    The accelerator driven system (ADS) is proposed to transmute minor actinides (MA) in high-level waste from spent fuels of nuclear power reactors. Liquid Pb-Bi alloy is a candidate material for spallation target and coolant of ADS. Pb-Bi cleaning technology is required to reduce radiation exposure during maintenance service and to decontaminate replaced components. In this study, three cleaning methods were tested; silicon oil cleaning at 170degC, mixture of acetic acid and nitric acid cleaning. Specimens were prepared by immersion in melted Pb-Bi. After silicon oil tests, most of Pb-Bi remained on the surface of the specimens. It was found that blushing was needed to remove Pb-Bi effectively. On the other hands, Pb-Bi was easily dissolved and almost removed in the mixed acid and nitric acid. Silicon oil cleaning did not affect on base metals. The surface of base metals was slightly blacked after mixed acid cleaning. F82H base metals were corroded by nitric acid. (author)

  13. Preparation of Pt Au/C and Pt Au Bi/C electrocatalysts using electron beam irradiation for ethanol electro-oxidation in alkaline medium

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Silva, Dionisio F.; Geraldes, Adriana N.; Cardoso, Elisangela S.Z.; Gomes, Thiago B.; Linardi, Marcelo; Oliveira Neto, Almir; Spinace, Estevam V.

    2011-01-01

    Pt Au/C (50:50) and PtAuBi/C electrocatalysts with Pt:Au:Bi atomic ratios of 50:40:10, 50:30:20 and 50:10:40 were prepared in water/2-propanol using electron beam irradiation. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the electro-oxidation of ethanol was studied by chronoamperometry at room temperature. The X-ray diffraction measurements for all electrocatalysts prepared showed four peaks, which are associated with the planes of the face-centered cubic (fcc) structure characteristic of Pt and Pt alloys. For PtAuBi/C it was also observed the presence of a mixture of BiPt alloys and bismuth phases. The average crystallite sizes for Pt/C, PtAu/C, PtAuBi/C (50:40:10), PtAuBi/C (50:30:20) and PtAuBi/C (50:10:40) were in the range of 2.0 - 4.0 nm. The activity of the electrocatalysts for ethanol oxidation in alkaline medium showed that PtAuBi/C (50:40:10) had a higher performance for ethanol oxidation compared to others electrocatalysts prepared. (author)

  14. Preparation of Pt Au/C and Pt Au Bi/C electrocatalysts using electron beam irradiation for ethanol electro-oxidation in alkaline medium

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Silva, Dionisio F.; Geraldes, Adriana N.; Cardoso, Elisangela S.Z.; Gomes, Thiago B.; Linardi, Marcelo; Oliveira Neto, Almir; Spinace, Estevam V., E-mail: dfsilva@ipen.b [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

    2011-07-01

    Pt Au/C (50:50) and PtAuBi/C electrocatalysts with Pt:Au:Bi atomic ratios of 50:40:10, 50:30:20 and 50:10:40 were prepared in water/2-propanol using electron beam irradiation. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the electro-oxidation of ethanol was studied by chronoamperometry at room temperature. The X-ray diffraction measurements for all electrocatalysts prepared showed four peaks, which are associated with the planes of the face-centered cubic (fcc) structure characteristic of Pt and Pt alloys. For PtAuBi/C it was also observed the presence of a mixture of BiPt alloys and bismuth phases. The average crystallite sizes for Pt/C, PtAu/C, PtAuBi/C (50:40:10), PtAuBi/C (50:30:20) and PtAuBi/C (50:10:40) were in the range of 2.0 - 4.0 nm. The activity of the electrocatalysts for ethanol oxidation in alkaline medium showed that PtAuBi/C (50:40:10) had a higher performance for ethanol oxidation compared to others electrocatalysts prepared. (author)

  15. On the existence of PbBi3PO8

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Steinfink, H.; Dass, R.I.; Lynch, V.; Harlow, R.L.; Lee, P.L.

    2005-01-01

    The title compound crystallizes in the tetragonal system, a = 11.733(2) A, c = 15.587(3) A, I4 mm, Z = 10. Data were collected at the Argonne National Laboratory synchrotron source at λ = 0.15359 A. Least squares refinement on F 2 converged to R1 = 0.039. The oxygen coordination polyhedra around Bi and Pb display the distortions typical of 6s 2 lone-pair atoms. One Bi is disordered. Bi-O bonds vary from 2.08(2) to 2.96(1) A. One Pb is in cubic coordination to oxygen and the second Pb is bonded to six oxygen atoms that form a rectangular pyramid and a seventh oxygen is off one of the rectangular faces of the pyramid. Pb-O bonds vary from 2.303(6) to 2.804(17) A. Of the two crystallographically independent P one is in a single tetrahedral coordination while the second is at the center of two disordered tetrahedra. Units of OM 4 tetrahedra, M = Bi/Pb, articulate into a three-dimensional framework by corner and edge sharing that is strengthened by corner sharing with PO 4 moieties

  16. Pressure induced phase transition in Pb6Bi2S9

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Olsen, Lars Arnskov; Friese, Karen; Makovicky, Emil

    2011-01-01

    consists of two types of moduli with SnS/TlI archetype structure in which the Pb and Bi lone pairs are strongly expressed. The mechanism of the phase transition is described in detail and the results are compared to the closely related phase transition in Pb3Bi2S6 (lillianite).......The crystal structure of Pb6Bi2S9 is investigated at pressures between 0 and 5.6 GPa with X-ray diffraction on single-crystals. The pressure is applied using diamond anvil cells. Heyrovskyite (Bbmm, a = 13.719(4) Å, b = 31.393(9) Å, c = 4.1319(10) Å, Z = 4) is the stable phase of Pb6Bi2S9...... at ambient conditions and is built from distorted moduli of PbS-archetype structure with a low stereochemical activity of the Pb2+ and Bi3+ lone electron pairs. Heyrovskyite is stable until at least 3.9 GPa and a first-order phase transition occurs between 3.9 and 4.8 GPa. A single-crystal is retained after...

  17. Conceptual design tool development for a Pb-Bi cooled reactor

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lee, K. G.; Chang, S. H.; No, H. C.; Chunm, M. H.

    2000-01-01

    Conceptual design is generally ill-structured and mysterious problem solving. This leads the experienced experts to be still responsible for the most of synthesis and analysis task, which are not amenable to logical formulations in design problems. Especially because a novel reactor such as a Pb-Bi cooled reactor is going on a conceptual design stage, it will be very meaningful to develop the conceptual design tool. This tool consists of system design module with artificial intelligence, scaling module, and validation module. System design decides the optimal structure and the layout of a Pb-Bi cooled reactor, using design synthesis part and design analysis part. The designed system is scaled to be optimal with desired power level, and then the design basis accidents (Dbase) are analyzed in validation module. Design synthesis part contains the specific data for reactor components and the general data for a Pb-Bi cooled reactor. Design analysis part contains several design constraints for formulation and solution of a design problem. In addition, designer's intention may be externalized through emphasis on design requirements. For the purpose of demonstration, the conceptual design tool is applied to a Pb-Bi cooled reactor with 125 M Wth of power level. The Pb-Bi cooled reactor is a novel reactor concept in which the fission-generated heat is transferred from the primary coolant to the secondary coolant through a reactor vessel wall of a novel design. The Pb-Bi cooled reactor is to deliver 125 M Wth per module for 15 effective full power years without any on-site fuel handling. The conceptual design tool investigated the feasibility of a Pb-Bi cooled reactor. Application of the conceptual design tool will be, in detail, presented in the full paper. (author)

  18. Corrosion behavior of materials in a liquid Pb-Bi spallation target

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Barbier, F.; Balbaud, F.; Deloffre, P.; Terlain, A.

    2001-01-01

    Corrosion results of austenitic and martensitic steels exposed to Pb-Bi liquid alloy (material candidate for the spallation target of ADS) are presented. They show the large influence of parameters such as the oxygen content in Pb-Bi and the Pb-Bi velocity on the corrosion. At low O 2 content (7 10 -8 wt%) in Pb-Bi the steels can suffer from significant dissolution while at high O 2 (1-2 10 -6 wt%) content they can be covered by an oxide layer which protects them from the dissolution. Moreover it is shown that, in aniso-thermal systems, the deposit chemical composition formed in the cold parts can depend on the temperature. (authors)

  19. Determining metal ion distributions using resonant scattering at very high-energy K-edges: Bi/Pb in Pb5Bi6Se14

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhang Yuegang; Lee, P.L.; Shastri, S.D.; Shu Deming; Wilkinson, A.P.; Chung Duck-Young; Kanatzidis, M.G.

    2005-01-01

    Powder diffraction data collected at ∝ 86 keV, and just below both the Pb and the Bi K-edges, on an imaging plate detector using synchrotron radiation from the Advanced Photon Source have been used to examine the Pb/Bi distribution over the 11 crystallographically distinct sites in Pb 5 Bi 6 Se 14 [space group P2 1 /m, a=16.0096(2) Aa, b=4.20148(4) Aa, c=21.5689(3) Aa and β=97.537(1) 0 ]. The scattering factors needed for the analyses were determined both by Kramers- Kronig transformation of absorption spectra and by analyses of diffraction patterns from reference compounds. Even with the relatively low scattering contrast that is available at the K-edges, it was possible to determine the Pb/Bi distribution and probe the presence of cation site vacancies in the material. The current results indicate that resonant scattering measurements at high-energy K-edges are a viable, and perhaps preferable, route to site occupancies when absorption from the sample or sample environment/container is a major barrier to the acquisition of high-quality resonant scattering data at lower-energy edges

  20. Bi induced step-flow growth in the homoepitaxial growth of Au(1 1 1)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kamiko, M.; Mizuno, H.; Chihaya, H.; Xu, J.-H.; Kojima, I.; Yamamoto, R.

    2005-01-01

    Homoepitaxial growth of Au on Bi-covered Au(1 1 1) was studied at room temperature using reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). From observations of RHEED it is found that the Au(1 1 1) (23 x 1) reconstruction structure changes to a (1 x 1) by about 0.16-0.5 ML deposition of Bi and to a (2√3 x 2√3)R30 deg by about 1.0 ML deposition of Bi, respectively. The surface morphology evolution by Bi deposition leads to a change of Au homoepitaxial growth behavior from layer-by-layer to step flow. This indicates that the surface diffusion distance of Au atoms on the Bi-precovered (1 x 1) and (2√3 x 2√3)R30 deg surfaces is longer than that on the Au(1 1 1) (23 x 1) clean surfaces. A strong surface segregation of Bi was found at top of surface. It is concluded that Bi atoms acted as an effective surfactant in the Au homoepitaxial growth by promoting Au intralayer mass transport

  1. Synthesis and characterization of PbO-CdO nanocomposite and its effect on (Bi,Pb)-2223 superconductor

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Yahya, Nabil A.A. [Thamar University, Physics Department, Faculty of Education, Thamar (Yemen); Al-Gaashani, R. [Thamar University, Physics Department, Faculty of Education, Thamar (Yemen); Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha (Qatar); Abd-Shukor, R. [Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, School of Applied Physics, Bangi, Selangor (Malaysia)

    2017-03-15

    A PbO-CdO nanocomposite-added Bi{sub 1.6}Pb{sub 0.4}Sr{sub 2}Ca{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 10} ((Bi,Pb)-2223) superconductor has been prepared. The effect of the PbO-CdO nanocomposite addition on the transport critical current density (J{sub c}) of (Bi,Pb)-2223 superconductor was investigated. The transition temperature (T{sub c-onset}), zero electrical resistance temperature (T{sub c-R=0}), and J{sub c} of the samples were measured by the four-probe method. Phase formation, structure, and microstructure of samples were investigated. The distribution of nanoparticle size was determined. The results indicated that the PbO-CdO-added samples showed larger grain size and an increased volume fraction of high-T{sub c} phase (Bi-2223) compared to the non-added sample. A slight increase in T{sub c-R=0} of x = 0.15 wt% was observed. J{sub c} of the PbO-CdO nanocomposite-added samples was significantly higher than for the non-added sample. That could be explained by the possibility that the PbO-CdO nanocomposite acts as an effective flux pinning center in (Bi,Pb)-2223. At 77 K, J{sub c} of x = 0.15 wt% added sample was more than 20 times larger than J{sub c} of the non-added sample (x = 0 wt%). A combined effect of enhanced flux pinning, increased fraction of high-T{sub c} phase and improved grain size, which led to increase in the J{sub c} of added samples, is discussed. (orig.)

  2. The crystal structure of Kirkiite, Pb10Bi3As3S19

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Makovicky, Emil; Balic Zunic, Tonci; Karanovic, Ljiljana

    2006-01-01

    and chemical analysis resulted in comparable formulae, Pb10Bi2.16As3.84S19 and Pb10.08Bi2.55Sb0.13As2.91S19, respectively, which are close to the ideal formula Pb10Bi3As3S19. The crystal lattice shows a pseudohexagonal symmetry, which is the cause of common twinning in this mineral. The main twin-law has (20...... layers parallel to (083) of kirkiite; the slabs are unit-cell-twinned on (010) refl ection planes. The structure contains one split As position, and two additional sites that could accommodate both As and Bi. The As,Bi distribution over these two sites is determined by the trapezoidal distortion...... of the half-octahedral coordination environment inside the tightly bonded double layers of the PbS-SnS archetype slabs. Owing to the stoichiometry requirements in this structure, Bi must also substitute for 1/11 of the Pb sites. Bond-valence calculations and the volumes of coordination polyhedra show...

  3. Modulation-free bismuth-lead cuprate superconductors: BiPbSr1+xL1-xCuO6 and BiPbSr2Y1-xCaxCu2O8

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Manivannan, V.; Gopalakrishnan, J.; Rao, C.N.R.

    1991-01-01

    Modulation-free BiPbSrLCuO 6 (L=La, Pr, Nd) and BiPbSr 2 YCu 2 O 8 , which are isotypic with the n=1 and 2 members of the Bi 2 Sr 2 Ca n-1 Cu n O 2n+4 family, have been prepared and characterized. These parent compounds are nonsuperconducting, but when doped with holes by substitution chemistry give modulation-free superconducting cuprates of the general formulas BiPbSr 1+xL1-x CuO 6 and BiPbSr 2 Y 1-x Ca x Cu 2 O 8 , exhibiting maximum T c 's of 24 and 85 K, respectively. Significantly, the hole concentration at the maximum T c is 0.12 in the cuprate family with a single Cu-O layer and 0.22 in that with two Cu-O layers

  4. Liquid Li-Pb-Bi, a new tritium breeder

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rogers, A.G.; Benedict, B.L.; Clemmer, R.G.

    1981-01-01

    In light of their potential utility as tritium breeder-blanket materials, a study was conducted to identify and characterize low-melting phases in the lithium-lead-bismuth system. It is found that a low-melting ternary phase field did in fact exist, e.g., compositions with less than or equal to 20 atom percent lithium and Pb/Bi = 0.773 melted at or below 140 0 C. In addition, the qualitative reactivity of Li-Bi-Pb alloys with water was tested, and although minimal evidence of exothermic chemical reaction was observed, a physical vapor explosion did occur in one of the tests

  5. Determining metal ion distributions using resonant scattering at very high-energy K-edges: Bi/Pb in Pb{sub 5}Bi{sub 6}Se{sub 14}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Yuegang, Zhang; Lee, P L; Shastri, S D; Deming, Shu [Argonne National Lab., IL (United States). XOR, Advanced Photon Source; Wilkinson, A P [Georgia Inst. of Tech., Atlanta (United States). School of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Duck-Young, Chung; Kanatzidis, M G [Michigan State Univ., East Lansing (United States). Dept. of Chemistry

    2005-06-01

    Powder diffraction data collected at {proportional_to} 86 keV, and just below both the Pb and the Bi K-edges, on an imaging plate detector using synchrotron radiation from the Advanced Photon Source have been used to examine the Pb/Bi distribution over the 11 crystallographically distinct sites in Pb{sub 5}Bi{sub 6}Se{sub 14} [space group P2{sub 1}/m, a=16.0096(2) Aa, b=4.20148(4) Aa, c=21.5689(3) Aa and {beta}=97.537(1){sup 0}]. The scattering factors needed for the analyses were determined both by Kramers- Kronig transformation of absorption spectra and by analyses of diffraction patterns from reference compounds. Even with the relatively low scattering contrast that is available at the K-edges, it was possible to determine the Pb/Bi distribution and probe the presence of cation site vacancies in the material. The current results indicate that resonant scattering measurements at high-energy K-edges are a viable, and perhaps preferable, route to site occupancies when absorption from the sample or sample environment/container is a major barrier to the acquisition of high-quality resonant scattering data at lower-energy edges.

  6. Ternary reduced-graphene-oxide/Bi2MoO6/Au nanocomposites with enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible light

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bi, Jinhong; Fang, Wei; Li, Li; Li, Xiaofen; Liu, Minghua; Liang, Shijing; Zhang, Zizhong; He, Yunhui; Lin, Huaxiang; Wu, Ling; Liu, Shengwei; Wong, Po Keung

    2015-01-01

    A novel ternary nanocomposite photocatalyst consisted of reduced-graphene-oxide (RGO), Bi 2 MoO 6 and plasmonic Au nanoparticles were successfully fabricated by multiple steps including a simple solvothermal process and photochemical reduction process. RGO/Bi 2 MoO 6 /Au was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction patterns, transmission electron microscopy, UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In comparison with Bi 2 MoO 6 , RGO/Bi 2 MoO 6 and Au/Bi 2 MoO 6 , RGO/Bi 2 MoO 6 /Au exhibits an enhanced photocatalytic activity for decomposition of Rhodamine B under visible light. The separation efficiency of the photogenerated holes and electrons on Bi 2 MoO 6 is promoted by the combined effect of both RGO and Au in the ternary composite, and thus enhances photocatalytic activity. The scavenger study revealed that both hole and superoxide are the major reactive species for the photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B using RGO/Bi 2 MoO 6 /Au photocatalyst. - Graphical abstract: A novel ternary nanocomposite photocatalyst consisted of reduced-graphene-oxide (RGO), Bi 2 MoO 6 and plasmonic Au nanoparticles were successfully fabricated by multiple steps including a simple solvothermal process and photochemical reduction process. The resulted ternary nanocomposites greatly enhanced the visible light photocatalytic properties compared to Bi 2 MoO 6 , RGO/Bi 2 MoO 6 or Au/Bi 2 MoO 6 binary systems. The improved photocatalytic activity was mainly attributed to the synergistic effect of Au and RGO with better separation of the photogenerated holes and electrons, resulting from the surface plasmonic resonance and extra strong electron magnetic field of Au nanoparticles and the high electron conductivity of RGO. - Highlights: • The ternary nanocomposites RGO/Bi 2 MoO 6 /Au were constructed for the first time. • RGO/Bi 2 MoO 6 /Au showed much higher visible photoactivity than RGO (Au)/Bi 2 MoO 6 . • The improved

  7. Calorimetric investigation of (Pb0.45Bi0.55)-U system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Agarwal, Renu; Samui, Pradeep; Mukerjee, S.K.; Ramakumar, K.L.

    2016-01-01

    Lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) is being considered as a coolant of future high temperature reactors. As lead and bismuth are good spallation target material, they are planned to be used in accelerator driven reactor systems (ADS). Under the clad breach conditions these elements may come in direct contact with uranium of metallic fuel. In our labs, we had earlier investigated binary interactions of U-Pb and U-Bi. To assess interaction behaviour of 'U' with the eutectic melt, it was planned to measure enthalpy of mixing of LBE-U and compares it with the binary mixing. SEM-EDS studies of the product formed after mixing of LBE and 'U' were carried out to establish coexisting phases and their compositions. UPb 3 is Pb-rich compound of U-Pb and UBi 2 is Bi-rich compound of U-Bi. So addition of 'U' in (Pb 0.45 Bi 0.55 ) will result in formation of the more stable compound among UPb 3 and UBi 2

  8. Natural Radioisotopes of Pb, Bi and Po in the Atmosphere of Coal Burning Area

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Asnor Azrin Sabuti

    2011-07-01

    Full Text Available This paper is discussing the changes of natural radionuclides 210Pb, 210Bi and 210Po in atmospheric samples (rainwater and solid fallout caused by Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz coal-fired Power Plant (SSAAPP operation. We also describe the seasonal changes of 210Pb, 210Bi and 210Po to the monsoon seasons in Peninsular Malaysia. Bulk atmospheric trap was used to collect atmospheric samples for five months (7 Feb 2007 to 27 July 2007 and placed within the SSAAPP area. The natural radionuclide activity levels in the atmosphere were affected by local meteorological conditions to impact their variance over time. As a result, the natural radionulides were increased from the ambient value in atmospheric particles (solid fallout, which related to coal combustion by-product releases into atmosphere. In contrast, this was giving relatively lower or in the same magnitude from most places of radionuclides in rainwater samples. Degree of changes between 210Pb, 210Bi and 210Po affected by high temperature combustions were found to be different for each nuclide due to their respective volatility. 210Po in rainwater and solid fallout were considerably low during early inter-monsoon period which mainly controlled by the rainfall pattern. On the other hand, 210Pb and 210Bi in solid fallout were recorded higher concentrations which associated to drier conditions and more particulate content in air column during southwest monsoon. The mean activity ratio of 210BiRW/210PbRW and 210PoRW/210PbRW are 0.47 ± 0.04 and 0.52 ± 0.17, respectively. Whereas for 210BiSF/210PbSF and 210PoSF/210PbSF are 0.52 ± 0.05 and 0.71 ± 0.13, respectively. Some results showed high activity ratios, reaching to 1.87 ± 0.08 for 210Bi/210Pb and 4.58 ± 0.55 for 210Po/210Pb, of which due to additional of 210Bi and 210Po excess. These ratios also indicating that 210Pb and 210Bi could potentially come from the same source, compared to 210Po which varied differently, showing evidence it came

  9. Thermoelectric properties and thermal stability of Bi-doped PbTe single crystal

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Zhong; Li, Decong; Deng, Shuping; Tang, Yu; Sun, Luqi; Liu, Wenting; Shen, Lanxian; Yang, Peizhi; Deng, Shukang

    2018-06-01

    In this study, n-type Bi-doped single-crystal PbTe thermoelectric materials were prepared by melting and slow cooling method according to the stoichiometric ratio of Pb:Bi:Te = 1-x:x:1 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25). The X-ray diffraction patterns of Pb1-xBixTe samples show that all main diffraction peaks are well matched with the PbTe matrix, which has a face-centered cubic structure with the space group Fm 3 bar m . Electron probe microanalysis reveals that Pb content decreases gradually, and Te content remains invariant basically with the increase of Bi content, indicating that Bi atoms are more likely to replace Pb atoms. Thermal analysis shows that the prepared samples possess relatively high thermal stability. Simultaneously, transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction pattern indicate that the prepared samples have typical single-crystal structures with good mechanical properties. Moreover, the electrical conductivity of the prepared samples improved significantly compared with that of the pure sample, and the maximum ZT value of 0.84 was obtained at 600 K by the sample with x = 0.2.

  10. A review of Pb-Sb(As-S, Cu(Ag-Fe(Zn-Sb(As-S, Ag(Pb-Bi(Sb-S and Pb-Bi-S(Te sulfosalt systems from the Boranja orefield, West Serbia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Radosavljević Slobodan A.

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Recent mineralogical, chemical, physical, and crystallographic investigations of the Boranja orefield showed very complex mineral associations and assemblages where sulfosalts have significant role. The sulfosalts of the Boranja orefield can be divided in four main groups: (i Pb-Sb(As-S system with ±Fe and ±Cu; (ii Cu(Ag-Fe(Zn-Sb(As-S system; (iii Ag(Pb-Bi(Sb-S; (iv and Pb-Bi-S(Te system. Spatially, these sulfosalts are widely spread, however, they are the most abundant in the following polymetallic deposits and ore zones: Cu(Bi-FeS Kram-Mlakva; Pb(Ag-Zn-FeS2 Veliki Majdan (Kolarica-Centralni revir-Kojići; Sb-Zn-Pb-As Rujevac; and Pb-Zn-FeS2-BaSO4 Bobija. The multi stage formation of minerals, from skarnhydrothermal to complex hydrothermal with various stages and sub-stages has been determined. All hydrothermal stages and sub-stages of various polymetallic deposits and ore zones within the Boranja orefield are followed by a variety of sulfosalts. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. OI-176016: Magmatism and geodynamics of the Balkan Peninsula from Mesozoic to present day: Significance for the formation of metallic and non-metallic mineral deposits

  11. Comparative thermodynamic analysis of the Pb-Au0.7Sn0.3 section in the Pb-Au-Sn ternary system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Trumic, B.; Zivkovic, D.; Zivkovic, Z.; Manasijevic, D.

    2005-01-01

    The results of comparative thermodynamic analysis of Pb-Au 0.7 Sn 0.3 section in Pb-Au-Sn system are presented in this paper. Investigation was done comparatively by calorimetric measurements and thermodynamic calculation according to the general solution model. Thermodynamic parameters, such as partial and integral molar quantities, were determined at different temperatures. The comparison between experimental and calculated results showed mutual agreement. Demixing tendency of lead, presented in the positive deviation from ideal behavior, was confirmed through the study of concentration fluctuation in the long-wavelength limit. Also, chosen alloys in the investigated section were characterized using SEM-EDX analysis

  12. The inhomogeneities of (Pb,Bi)2223 superconducting tapes and their detection

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Leeuwen, S. van

    1999-05-01

    This thesis consists of two parts: first, the inhomogeneities that were observed in high temperature superconducting (Pb,Bi)2223 tapes were studied followed by the design of two rigs which were built to detect them. These investigations concentrated on (Pb,Bi)2223 phase high temperature superconducting tapes. Superconductors and their applications were briefly evaluated. It was found that high temperature superconductors have unique properties which cannot be duplicated by their counterparts. However, it was noted that there are significant improvements to be made before they can be commercially viable. An investigation was carried out into the variation of core density within cross sections and along lengths of (Pb,Bi)2223 tapes during fabrication. It was observed that rolling and thermal treatment brought about a non-uniform core density in both these aspects of tile tape. This was followed by an investigation into the effect of core density on the formation of the (Pb,Bi)2223 phase. It was shown that a high core density formed the (Pb,Bi)2223 phase at a slower rate than a lower core density under the thermal treatment. A high core density and a slow heating rate produced smaller 2212 grains at the end of the incubation period. Smaller 2212 grains were thought to be linked to the faster formation of the (Pb,B1)2223 phase. The highest Jc was from a high core density tape which had the smaller 2212 grains at the end of incubation period. Smaller 2212 grains were thought to aid a more homogeneous conversion to the (Pb,Bi)2223 phase. Alloy-sheathed (Pb,Bi)2223 superconducting tapes were produced in order to fabricate a more homogeneous core density. It was found that the alloy sheath (with an addition of 15% wt Ag in the precursor powder) changed the characteristics of the core in several ways: the formation of the (Pb,Bi)2223 phase was homogeneous across the thickness of the core, a smaller 2212 grain size was formed at the end of the incubation period and a higher

  13. Spectroscopy of 214Bi and systematics of 210,212,214Pb(0+) long->β-210,212,214Bi(0-)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Berant, Z.; Schuhmann, R.B.; Alburger, D.E.; Chou, W.T.; Gill, R.L.; Warburton, E.K.; Wesselborg, C.

    1991-01-01

    Experiments designed to provide more information on the spectroscopy of 214 Bi, and on 214 Pb(β - ) 214 Bi in particular, were undertaken because of interest in first-forbidden β decay in the lead region. The experiments consisted of γ-γ coincidences and angular correlations, conversion electron measurements, level lifetime determinations, and precision γ-ray energy measurements. The 352-keV level of 214 Bi was found to be a strong candidate (and the only candidate) for the 0 1 - state. Recent additions to the 214 Pb decay scheme are confirmed by γ-γ coincidence measurements. A careful evaluation of the 214 Bi level scheme is made with emphasis on separating experimentally based conclusions from speculations based on systematics and other ''weak'' arguments. Shell-model calculations of the spectroscopy of 210,212 Bi and 210,212 Pb(β - ) 210,212 Bi were performed using a modification of the Kuo-Herling realistic interaction. These calculations and a generalized seniority model provide a basis for an examination of the systematics of the A=210, 212, 214 spectroscopy and β decay. The generalized seniority model is found to be a quite good approximation which provides a quantitative understanding of the 214 Pb decay rates

  14. Superconducting properties of Pb82Bi18 films controlled by ferromagnetic nanowire arrays

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ye Zuxin; Lyuksyutov, Igor F; Wu Wenhao; Naugle, Donald G

    2011-01-01

    The superconducting properties of Pb 82 Bi 18 alloy films deposited on ferromagnetic nanowire arrays have been investigated. Ferromagnetic Co or Ni nanowires are first electroplated into the columnar pores of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes. Superconducting Pb 82 Bi 18 films are then quench condensed onto the polished surface of the AAO membranes filled with magnetic nanowires. A strong dependence of the Pb 82 Bi 18 superconducting properties on the ratio of the superconducting film thickness to the magnetic nanowire diameter and material variety was observed.

  15. Superconducting properties of Pb82Bi18 films controlled by ferromagnetic nanowire arrays

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ye, Zuxin; Lyuksyutov, Igor F.; Wu, Wenhao; Naugle, Donald G.

    2011-02-01

    The superconducting properties of Pb82Bi18 alloy films deposited on ferromagnetic nanowire arrays have been investigated. Ferromagnetic Co or Ni nanowires are first electroplated into the columnar pores of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes. Superconducting Pb82Bi18 films are then quench condensed onto the polished surface of the AAO membranes filled with magnetic nanowires. A strong dependence of the Pb82Bi18 superconducting properties on the ratio of the superconducting film thickness to the magnetic nanowire diameter and material variety was observed.

  16. Position annihilation study on the (Bi,Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-(O,F) superconductor

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wang Xiaogang; Gao Xiaohui; Wang Ruidan; Hu Pingya

    1993-01-01

    In this note, we report the results of positron lifetime measurements in heat-treated (Bi, Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-(O, F), and discuss the possible location of the doped fluorine in the (Bi, Pb)-system superconductors. (orig.)

  17. Syntheses of the Bi(Pb)-2212 high-Tc superconductor through a novel oxide nitrate route

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gibson, K; Ziegler, P; Meyer, H-J

    2004-01-01

    A novel route is presented for the syntheses of Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O x (Bi-2212) and (Bi,Pb) 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O x (Bi,Pb-2212). Mixtures of oxides, nitrates and carbonates with approximate 2:2:1:2 metal ion compositions are dissolved in HNO 3 and dried at 200 deg. C in air. Afterwards they are reacted under their in situ generated NO x atmosphere in a closed reactor (Staurohr). This reaction forces the system to form the nitrate precursors (Bi,Sr,Ca) 2 O 2 NO 3 /CuO and (Bi,Pb,Sr,Ca) 2 O 2 NO 3 /CuO, respectively. In the final reaction stage these mixtures are converted into Bi(Pb)-2212 under NO x discharge in air. All important reaction stages and phase compositions are analysed by means of powder XRD

  18. Correlation between modulation structure and electronic inhomogeneity on Pb-doped Bi-2212 single crystals

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sugimoto, A.; Kashiwaya, S.; Eisaki, H.; Yamaguchi, H.; Oka, K.; Kashiwaya, H.; Tsuchiura, H.; Tanaka, Y.

    2005-01-01

    The correlation between nanometer-size electronic states and surface structure is investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/S) on Pb-doped Bi 2-x Pb x Sr 2 CaCu2O 8+y (Pb-Bi-2212) single crystals. The advantage of the Pb-Bi-2212 samples is that the modulation structure can be totally or locally suppressed depending on the Pb contents and annealing conditions. The superconducting gap (Δ) distribution on modulated Pb-Bi-2212 samples showed the lack of correlation with modulation structure except a slight reduction of superconducting island size for the b-axis direction. On the other hand, the optimal doped Pb-Bi-2212 (x = 0.6) samples obtained by reduced-annealing showed totally non-modulated structure in topography, however, the spatial distribution of Δ still showed inhomogeneity of which features were quite similar to those of modulated samples. These results suggest that the modulation structure is not the dominant origin of inhomogeneity although it modifies the streaky Δ structure sub-dominantly. From the gap structure variation around the border of narrow gap and broad gap regions, a trend of the coexistence of two separated phases i.e., superconducting phase and pseudogap like phase, is detected

  19. A comparative neutronic analysis of KALIMER breeder core using Na or Pb-Bi coolant

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yoo, J. W.; Kim, S. J.; Kim, Y. I.

    2000-01-01

    A comparative neutronic study has been conducted on KALIMER breeder core according to the replacement of sodium coolant by Pb-Bi coolant. Since the atomic weight of Pb and Bi is about 9 times heavier than that of Na, the energy loss by neutron colliding with Pb-Bi nucleus will be very small. Therefore, the reactor with Pb-Bi coolant will have a harder neutron spectrum than that with Na coolant. Consequently, the breeding ratio and burnup reactivity swing is expected to be enhanced. In addition, when Pb-Bi coolant is voided, a negative coolant void coefficient can be obtained by the net effects of smaller spectrum hardening and large neutron leakage. As a result, the breeding ratio was increased from 1.18 to 1.23 and burnup reactivity swing was reduced from 631 pcm to 150 pcm. When the coolant in the whole region of active core is voided, the coolant void coefficient was found to be -539 and -264 pcm at BOEC and EOEC, respectively. In the local voided case, the smaller coolant void coefficient was obtained than that of Na coolant. Accordingly, the use of Pb-Bi coolant in KALIMER gives an advantage of higher breeding ratio, smaller burnup reactivity swing and negative coolant void coefficient without any significant degradation of nuclear performance

  20. Transverse peltier effect in Pb-Bi{sub 2}Te{sub 3} multilayer structures

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Reitmaier, Christina; Walther, Franziska; Kyarad, Amir; Lengfellner, Hans [University of Regensburg (Germany)

    2009-07-01

    Metal-semiconductor multilayer structures show, according to model calculations, large anisotropy in their electrical and thermal transport properties. Multilayer stacks consisting of alternating layers of Pb and n-type Bi{sub 2}Te{sub 3} and prepared by a heating procedure displayed large thermoelectric anisotropy up to {delta}S{approx}200 {mu} V/K, depending on the thickness ratio p=d{sub BiTe}/d{sub Pb}, where d{sub BiTe} and d{sub Pb} are the thicknesses of Bi{sub 2}Te{sub 3} and Pb layers, respectively. From multilayer stacks, tilted samples with layers inclined with respect to the sample surface where obtained by cutting stacks obliquely to the stack axis. Non-zero off-diagonal elements in the Seebeck-tensor describing the thermopower of tilted samples allow for the occurance of a transverse Peltier effect. Experimental results demonstrate cooling by the transverse Peltier effect and are compared to model calculations.

  1. Doping of (Bi,Pb)-2223 with metal oxides

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Goehring, D.; Vogt, M.; Wischert, W.; Kemmler-Sack, S.

    1997-01-01

    The effect of doping on formation, superconductivity and pinning forces of (Bi,Pb)-2223 was studied for several dopants. They can be subdivided into promoters (Cu, Mn at low doping level of x=0.1 and Rh) and inhibitors (Mg, Al, Sn, Co, Y, Pd and high substitution levels of Mn and Ni) of the transformation of the precursor material into (Bi,Pb)-2223. According to X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies the incorporation of the dopant into the 2223 lattice is restricted to a very low doping level. Higher dopant concentrations are accompanied by a segregation of secondary phases. These segregations are not effective in the process of creating flux pinning centres. A depression of T c is observed for 2223 materials with the dopants Co, Ni and Pd. (orig.)

  2. Prediction of phase equilibria and thermal analysis in the Bi-Cu-Pb ternary system

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Manasijevic, Dragan [University of Belgrade, Technical Faculty, VJ 12, 19210 Bor (Serbia); Mitovski, Aleksandra, E-mail: amitovski@tf.bor.ac.rs [University of Belgrade, Technical Faculty, VJ 12, 19210 Bor (Serbia); Minic, Dusko [University of Pristina, Faculty of Technical Sciences, 38220 Kosovska Mitrovica (Serbia); Zivkovic, Dragana; Marjanovic, Sasa [University of Belgrade, Technical Faculty, VJ 12, 19210 Bor (Serbia); Todorovic, Radisa [Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Zeleni Bulevar 35, 19210 Bor (Serbia); Balanovic, Ljubisa [University of Belgrade, Technical Faculty, VJ 12, 19210 Bor (Serbia)

    2010-05-20

    The knowledge about phase diagram of the Bi-Cu-Pb ternary system is of importance in development of copper-lead based bearing materials, soldering and in refining of copper and lead. In this work, the phase diagram of the Bi-Cu-Pb ternary system was calculated by the CALPHAD method using binary thermodynamic parameters included in the COST 531 database. The results include liquidus projection, invariant equilibria and three vertical sections with molar ratio Cu:Pb = 1, Cu:Pb = 1:3 and Bi:Cu = 1. Alloys, with compositions along three predicted vertical sections, were measured using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The experimentally determined phase transition temperatures were compared with calculated results and good mutual agreement was noticed.

  3. Prediction of phase equilibria and thermal analysis in the Bi-Cu-Pb ternary system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Manasijevic, Dragan; Mitovski, Aleksandra; Minic, Dusko; Zivkovic, Dragana; Marjanovic, Sasa; Todorovic, Radisa; Balanovic, Ljubisa

    2010-01-01

    The knowledge about phase diagram of the Bi-Cu-Pb ternary system is of importance in development of copper-lead based bearing materials, soldering and in refining of copper and lead. In this work, the phase diagram of the Bi-Cu-Pb ternary system was calculated by the CALPHAD method using binary thermodynamic parameters included in the COST 531 database. The results include liquidus projection, invariant equilibria and three vertical sections with molar ratio Cu:Pb = 1, Cu:Pb = 1:3 and Bi:Cu = 1. Alloys, with compositions along three predicted vertical sections, were measured using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The experimentally determined phase transition temperatures were compared with calculated results and good mutual agreement was noticed.

  4. Ultrasonic studies of aluminium-substituted Bi(Pb)-2223 superconductors

    Science.gov (United States)

    Solunke, M. B.; Sharma, P. U.; Pandya, M. P.; Lakhani, V. K.; Modi, K. B.; Venugopal Reddy, P.; Shah, S. S.

    2005-09-01

    The compositional dependence of elastic properties of Al^{3+}-substitu- ted Bi(Pb)-2223 superconducting system with the general formula Bi_{1.7-x}Al_xPb_{0.3}Sr_2Ca_2- Cu_3O_y (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3) have been studied by means of ultrasonic pulse transmission (UPT) technique at 1 MHz (300 K). The elastic moduli of the specimens are computed and corrected to zero porosity. The observed variation of elastic constants with aluminium substitution has been explained on the basis of the strength of interatomic bonding. The applicability of heterogeneous metal mixture rule for estimating elastic constants and transition temperature has been tested.

  5. Synthesis and crystal structure of Bi6.4Pb0.6P2O15.2

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Arumugam, N.; Lynch, V.; Steinfink, H.

    2007-01-01

    Bi 6.4 Pb 0.6 P 2 O 15.2 is a polymorph of structures with the general stoichiometry Bi 6+x M 1-x P 2 O 15+y . However, unlike previously published structures that consist of layers formed by edge sharing OBi 4 tetrahedra bridged by PO 4 and TO 6 (T=transition metal) tetrahedra and octahedra the title compound's structure is more complex. It is monoclinic, C2, a=19.4698(4) A, b=11.3692(3) A, c=16.3809(5) A, β=101.167(1) o , Z=10. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction data were refined by least squares on F 2 converging to R 1 =0.0387, wR 2 =0.0836 for 7023 intensities. The crystal twins by mirror reflection across (001) as the twin plane and twin component 1 equals 0.74(1). Oxygen ions are in tetrahedral coordination to four metal ions and the O(BiPb) 4 units share corners to form layers that are part of the three-dimensional framework. Eight oxygen ions form a cube around the two crystallographically independent Pb ions. Pb-O bond lengths vary from 2.265(14) to 2.869(14) A. Pairs of such cubes share an edge to form a Pb 3 O 20 unit. The two oxygen ions from the unshared edges are part of irregular Bi polyhedra. Other oxygen ions of Bi polyhedra are part only of O(BiPb) 4 units, and some oxygen ions of the polyhedra are also part of PO 4 tetrahedra. One, two, three and or four PO 4 moieties are connected to the Bi polyhedra. Bi-O bond lengths ≤3.1 A vary from 2.090(12) to 3.07(3) A. The articulations of Pb cubes, Bi polyhedra and PO 4 tetrahedra link into the three-dimensional structure. - Graphical abstract: View of the structure of Bi 6.4 Pb 0.6 P 2 O 15.2 parallel to the b-axis

  6. The glass transition, crystallization and melting in Au-Pb-Sb alloys

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lee, M. C.; Allen, J. L.; Fecht, H. J.; Perepezko, J. H.; Ohsaka, K.

    1988-01-01

    The glass transition, crystallization and melting of Au(55)Pb(22.5)Sb(22.5) alloys have been studied by differential scanning calorimetry DSC. Crystallization on heating above the glass transition temperature Tg (45 C) begins at 64 C. Further crystallization events are observed at 172 C and 205 C. These events were found to correspond to the formation of the intermetallic compounds AuSb2, Au2Pb, and possibly AuPb2, respectively. Isothermal DSC scans of the glassy alloy above Tg were used to monitor the kinetics of crystallization. The solidification behavior and heat capacity in the glass-forming composition range were determined with droplet samples. An undercooling level of 0.3T(L) below the liquidus temperature T(L) was achieved, resulting in crystallization of different stable and metastable phases. The heat capacity C(P) of the undercooled liquid was measured over an undercooling range of 145 C.

  7. Enhanced photoelectrochemical response of plasmonic Au embedded BiVO4/Fe2O3 heterojunction.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Verma, Anuradha; Srivastav, Anupam; Khan, Saif A; Rani Satsangi, Vibha; Shrivastav, Rohit; Kumar Avasthi, Devesh; Dass, Sahab

    2017-06-14

    The effect of embedding Au nanoparticles (NPs) in a BiVO 4 /Fe 2 O 3 heterojunction for photoelectrochemical water splitting is studied here for the first time. The present nanostructured heterojunction offers three major advantages over pristine BiVO 4 and Fe 2 O 3 : (i) the formation of a heterojunction between BiVO 4 and Fe 2 O 3 enhances the charge carrier separation and transfer, (ii) the layer of Fe 2 O 3 provides protection to BiVO 4 from photocorrosion and, (iii) the Au NPs possessing surface plasmon resonance (SPR) enhance the photoelectrochemical response by transferring energy to metal oxides by hot electron transfer (HET) and plasmon resonant energy transfer (PRET). The present study reveals that the heterojunction ITO/BiVO 4 /Fe 2 O 3 (with 32% v/v Au solution in both layers) gives the best performance and mitigates the limitations of both pristine Fe 2 O 3 and BiVO 4 . A thirteen-fold increment in applied bias photon-to-current conversion efficiency (ABPE) was observed at 1.24 V vs. RHE under the condition of 1 Sun illumination. Monochromatic incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) measurements indicated that an Au embedded heterojunction is more effective in harvesting visible light in comparison to a heterojunction without Au NPs.

  8. Au/BiOCl heterojunction within mesoporous silica shell as stable plasmonic photocatalyst for efficient organic pollutants decomposition under visible light

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yan, Xiaoqing; Zhu, Xiaohui; Li, Renhong; Chen, Wenxing

    2016-01-01

    Highlights: • A heterojunction of Au/BiOCl was fabricated within the mesoporous silica shell. • The compact contact between Au and BiOCl enables electrons back flow from Au to BiOCl. • Au/BiOCl@mSiO 2 plasmonic photocatalyst shows efficient visible light photoactivity. • Hydroxyl radicals are the main oxidants in formaldehyde and Rhodamine B decomposition. - Abstract: A new mesoporous silica protected plasmonic photocatalyst, Au/BiOCl@mSiO 2 , was prepared by a modified AcHE method and a subsequent UV light induced photodeposition process. The surfactant-free heterojunction allows the electrons spontaneously flow from Au to nearby BiOCl surface, leading to the accumulation of positive charges on Au surface, and negative charges on Bi species under visible light. Au/BiOCl@mSiO 2 exhibits high visible light photocatalytic efficiency in complete oxidation of aqueous formaldehyde and Rhodamin B. We showed that a positive relationship exists between the LSPR effect and rate enhancements, and leads to a hypothesis that the metallic Au LSPR enhances the photocatalytic rates on nearby semiconductors by transferring energetic electrons to BiOCl and increasing the steady-state concentration of active ·OH species by a multi-electron reduction of molecular oxygen. The ·OH species is the main oxidant in photocatalytic transformations, whose intensity is greatly enhanced in the dye-involving systems due to the synergetic effect between LSPR and dye sensitization processes. In addition, the mesoporous SiO 2 shell not only inhibits the over growth of BiOCl nanocrystals within the silica frameworks, but also protects the dissolution of chloride or Au species into aqueous solution, which ultimately makes the Au/BiOCl@mSiO 2 catalysts rather stable during photocatalysis.

  9. Magnetic properties of nearly stoichiometric CeAuBi2 heavy fermion compound

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Adriano, C.; Jesus, C. B. R.; Pagliuso, P. G.; Rosa, P. F. S.; Grant, T.; Fisk, Z.; Garcia, D. J.

    2015-01-01

    Motivated by the interesting magnetic anisotropy found in the heavy fermion family CeTX 2 (T = transition metal and X = pnictogen), here, we study the novel parent compound CeAu 1−x Bi 2−y by combining magnetization, pressure dependent electrical resistivity, and heat-capacity measurements. The magnetic properties of our nearly stoichiometric single crystal sample of CeAu 1−x Bi 2−y (x = 0.92 and y = 1.6) revealed an antiferromagnetic ordering at T N  = 12 K with an easy axis along the c-direction. The field dependent magnetization data at low temperatures reveal the existence of a spin-flop transition when the field is applied along the c-axis (H c  ∼ 7.5 T and T = 5 K). The heat capacity and pressure dependent resistivity data suggest that CeAu 0.92 Bi 1.6 exhibits a weak heavy fermion behavior with strongly localized Ce 3+ 4f electrons. Furthermore, the systematic analysis using a mean field model including anisotropic nearest-neighbors interactions and the tetragonal crystalline electric field (CEF) Hamiltonian allows us to extract a CEF scheme and two different values for the anisotropic J RKKY exchange parameters between the Ce 3+ ions in this compound. Thus, we discuss a scenario, considering both the anisotropic magnetic interactions and the tetragonal CEF effects, in the CeAu 1−x Bi 2−y compounds, and we compare our results with the isostructural compound CeCuBi 2

  10. Convenient hydrothermal decomposition process for preparation of nanocrystalline mineral Cu3BiS3 and Pb1-xBi2x/3S

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hu Junqing; Deng Bin; Wang Chunrui; Tang Kaibin; Qian Yitai

    2003-01-01

    Mineral nanocrystalline Cu 3 BiS 3 and Pb 1-x Bi 2x/3 S (or Bi 0.22 Pb 0.89 S 1.22 ) have been prepared at low synthetic temperature of 100-150 deg. C by convenient hydrothermal decomposition process. X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectra, and element analysis were used to characterize and measure the samples. The as-prepared Cu 3 BiS 3 sample consisted of whisker-like particles with an average size of 50x10 nm 2 and the Pb 1-x Bi 2x/3 S sample displayed aggregative particles with size in the range of 30-50 nm. Preliminary results showed that the prepared precursors, reaction temperature and time played a role in the formation of the final products. A possible reaction mechanism was also discussed briefly

  11. Safety design of Pb-Bi-cooled direct contact boiling water fast reactor (PBWFR)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Takahashi, Minoru; Uchida, Shoji; Yamada, Yumi; Koyama, Kazuya

    2008-01-01

    In Pb-Bi-cooled direct contact boiling water small fast reactor (PBWFR), steam is generated by direct contact of feedwater with primary Pb-Bi coolant above the core, and Pb-Bi coolant is circulated by steam lift pump in chimneys. Safety design has been developed to show safety features of PBWFR. Negative void reactivity is inserted even if whole of the core and upper plenum are voided hypothetically by steam intrusion from above. The control rod ejection due to coolant pressure is prevented using in-vessel type control rod driving mechanism. At coolant leak from reactor vessel and feedwater pipes, Pb-Bi coolant level in the reactor vessel required for decay heat removal is kept using closed guard vessel. Dual pipes for feedwater are employed to avoid leak of water. Although there is no concern of loss of flow accident due to primary pump trip, feedwater pump trip initiates loss of coolant flow (LOF). Injection of high pressure water slows down the flow coast down of feedwater at the LOF event. The unprotected loss of flow and heat sink (ATWS) has been evaluated, which shows that the fuel temperatures are kept lower than the safety limits. (author)

  12. Influence of PbBi environment on the low-cycle fatigue behavior of SNS target container materials

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kalkhof, D.; Grosse, M.

    2003-01-01

    The low-cycle fatigue (LCF) behavior of the stainless steel 316L and the 10.5Cr-steel Manet-II was investigated at 260 deg. C in air and in stagnant lead-bismuth (PbBi). At low-strain levels, the fatigue lives for 316L in PbBi and air were comparable. At total strain amplitudes of 0.50% and higher a weak influence of PbBi was observed. In contrast to 316L, the results of LCF tests for Manet-II in PbBi showed a significant reduction of lifetime for all applied strain amplitudes. In the worst case the cycle number to crack initiation was reduced by a factor of ∼7 compared with the comparable test in air. For the low-strain amplitude of 0.30%, fatigue tests conducted at a frequency of 0.1 Hz had shorter fatigue lives than at a frequency of 1.0 Hz. For Manet-II the crack propagation in PbBi was much faster than in air, and failure immediate followed the formation of the first macroscopic crack

  13. Integrated Bi2O3 nanostructure modified with Au nanoparticles for enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hankwon Lim

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available An integrated Bi2O3 (i-Bi2O3 nanostructure with a particle size 10 nm inducing agglomerated structure were synthesized by dissolving bismuth nitrate pentahydrate in diethylene glycol at 180 °C with post heat treatment. The prepared i-Bi2O3 nanostructures were employed for the construction of Au/i-Bi2O3 composite system and characterized by X-ray diffraction pattern, UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS, and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS and Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS. The i-Bi2O3 nanostructure and Au/i-Bi2O3 composite system were found to exhibit high photocatalytic activity than commercial Bi2O3 in decomposing salicylic acid under visible light irradiation. The high catalytic activity of i-Bi2O3 nanostructure was deduced to be caused by charge separation facilitated by electron hopping between the particles within the integrated structure and space-charge separation between i-Bi2O3 and Au. The charge separation behavior in i-Bi2O3 nanostructure was further bolstered by comparing the measured. OH radical produced in the solution with i-Bi2O3 nanostructure, commercial Bi2O3 and Au/i-Bi2O3 composite which readily react with 1,4-terephthalic acid (TA inducing 2-hydroxy terephthalic acid (TAOH that shows unique fluorescence peak at 426 nm. The space-charge separation between i-Bi2O3 and Au was confirmed by measuring the electron spin resonance (ESR spectra.

  14. The chemical fate of 212Bi-DOTA formed by β- decay of 212Pb(DOTA)2-

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mirzadeh, S.; Kumar, K.; Gansow, O.A.

    1993-01-01

    The increasing use of inert metal complexes in radioimmunotherapy prompted us to explore the potential use of 212 Pb chelates. Herein, we report a study of the chemical fate of the 212 Bi-DOTA complex formed by β - decay of 212 Pb(DOTA) 2- (H 4 DOTA = 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanetetraacetic acid). To assure that both parent and daughter complexes were thermally stable, kinetic studies were performed with 203 Pb(II) and 206 Bi(III) which showed that both lead and bismuth complexes with DOTA undergo chemical exchange only very slowly in aqueous solution at pH 4-10. To investigate whether the complex ion which results from decay of 212 Pb(DOTA) 2- was intact and also stable, solutions initially containing only this ion were analyzed for amounts of DOTA-complexed and uncomplexed 212 Bi after attaining transient equilibrium with 212 Bi. The fraction of 212 Bi radioactivity not complexed to DOTA, vide infra, was found to be 36±2%. This value represents the fraction of breakup of 212 Bi(DOTA) - formed from β - decay of the parent complex. By considering the various extranuclear processes responsible for kinetic and electronic excitation of the 212 Bi daughter, break-up of the 212 Bi-DOTA complex is ascribed to the internal conversion of γ-rays emitted by the excited 212 Bi nuclide. (orig.)

  15. Phase-shift analysis of neutron-209Bi scattering and its comparison to neutron-208Pb scattering

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chen, Z.P.; Tornow, W.; Walter, R.L.

    1995-01-01

    Published n- 209 Bi elastic differential cross-section, analyzing power, and total cross-section data in the energy range from 1.5 to 14 MeV were analyzed via a phase-shift analysis in order to find out whether these data show similar, unexplained resonance structures as observed recently for n- 208 Pb scattering. Although the n- 209 Bi and n- 208 Pb data are very similar, some of the phase shifts are quite different for the two systems. Only one resonancelike structure was observed for n- 209 Bi scattering in the excitation energy range from 9 to 18 MeV compared to eleven in the n- 208 Pb system, implying that n- 209 Bi data are probably more suitable than the classical n- 208 Pb system for detailed mean-field analyses approached through dispersion-relation optical models

  16. Theoretical prediction of thermodynamic activities of liquid Au-Sn-X (X=Bi, Sb, Zn) solder systems

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Awe, O.E., E-mail: draweoe2004@yahoo.com [Department of Physics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan (Nigeria); Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (Nigeria); Oshakuade, O.M. [Department of Physics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan (Nigeria)

    2017-02-15

    Molecular interaction volume model has been theoretically used to predict the thermodynamic activities of tin in Au-Sn-Bi and Au-Sn-Sb and the thermodynamic activity of zinc in Au-Sn-Zn at experimental temperatures 800 K, 873 K and 973 K, respectively. On the premise of agreement between the predicted and experimental values, we predicted the activities of the remaining two components in each of the three systems. This prediction was extended from three cross-sections to five cross-sections, and to temperature range 400–600 K, relevant for applications. Iso-activities were plotted. Results show that addition of tin reduces the tendency for chemical short range order in both Au-Sb and Au-Zn systems, while addition of gold and bismuth, respectively, reduce the tendency for chemical short range order in Sn-Sb and Au-Sn systems. Also, we found that, in the desired high-temperature region for applications, while a combination of chemical order and miscibility of components exist in both Au-Sn-Bi and Au-Sn-Zn systems, only chemical order exist in the Au-Sn-Sb system. Results, further show that increase in temperature reduces the phase separation tendency in Au-Sn-Bi system.

  17. Sorption of radionuclides from Pb-Bi melt. Report 1

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Konovalov, Eh.E.; Il'icheva, N.S.; Trifonova, O.E.

    2015-01-01

    Results of laboratory investigations of sorption and interfacial distribution of 54 Mn, 59 Fe, 60 Co, 106 Ru, 125 Sb, 137 Cs, 144 Ce, 154,155 Eu and 235,238 U radionuclides in the system Pb-Bi melt - steel surface are analyzed. It is shown that 106 Ru and 125 Sb are concentrated in Pb-Bi melt and other radionuclides with higher oxygen affinity are sorbed on oxide deposits on structural materials. Temperature dependences of sorption efficiency of radionuclides are studied. It is shown that there is sharp increase of this value for all radionuclides near the temperature range 350-400 deg C. Recommendations are given on the use of 106 Ru and 125 Sb as a reference for fuel element rupture detection system with radiometric monitoring of coolant melt samples and 137 Cs, 134 Cs, 134m Cs with radiometric monitoring of sorbing samples [ru

  18. Effect of Pb and Cr Substitutions on Phase Formation and Excess Conductivity of Bi-2212 Superconductor

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Khir, F. L. M.; Mohamed, Z.; Yusuf, A. A.; Yusof, M. I. M.; Yahya, A. K.

    2010-01-01

    The influence of Pb and Cr substitutions on the superconducting properties of Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8 (Bi-2212) superconductors is reported. The samples were prepared from Bi 2-x Pb x Sr 2 Ca 2-y Cr y Cu 3 O 10-δ (x = 0-0.3, y = 0-0.3) starting composition by the solid-state-reaction method. XRD analysis showed formation of pure Bi-2212 for (x = 0, y = 0), (x = 0.3, y = 0.2,) and (x = 0.3, y = 0.2,) starting compositions. Excess conductivity analysis based on Asmalazov-Larkin theory on single-phased Bi2212 samples showed 2D to 3D transition in superconducting fluctuation behavior (SFB) for all the samples. Highest 2D-3D transition temperature, T 2D-3D was observed at Pb and Cr substitutions of x = 0.3, and x = 0.2, respectively.

  19. Photoinduced Glycerol Oxidation over Plasmonic Au and AuM (M = Pt, Pd and Bi) Nanoparticle-Decorated TiO2 Photocatalysts

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jedsukontorn, Trin; Saito, Nagahiro; Hunsom, Mali

    2018-01-01

    In this study, sol-immobilization was used to prepare gold nanoparticle (Au NP)-decorated titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalysts at different Au weight % (wt. %) loading (Aux/TiO2, where x is the Au wt. %) and Au–M NP-decorated TiO2 photocatalysts (Au3M3/TiO2), where M is bismuth (Bi), platinum (Pt) or palladium (Pd) at 3 wt. %. The Aux/TiO2 photocatalysts exhibited a stronger visible light absorption than the parent TiO2 due to the localized surface plasmon resonance effect. Increasing the Au content from 1 wt. % to 7 wt. % led to increased visible light absorption due to the increasing presence of defective structures that were capable of enhancing the photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared catalyst. The addition of Pt and Pd coupled with the Au3/TiO2 to form Au3M3/TiO2 improved the photocatalytic activity of the Au3/TiO2 photocatalyst by maximizing their light-absorption property. The Au3/TiO2, Au3Pt3/TiO2 and Au3Pd3/TiO2 photocatalysts promoted the formation of glyceraldehyde from glycerol as the principle product, while Au3Bi3/TiO2 facilitated glycolaldehyde formation as the major product. Among all the prepared photocatalysts, Au3Pd3/TiO2 exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity with a 98.75% glycerol conversion at 24 h of reaction time. PMID:29690645

  20. Binding Affinity of a Highly Sensitive Au/Ag/Au/Chitosan-Graphene Oxide Sensor Based on Direct Detection of Pb2+ and Hg2+ Ions

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nur Hasiba Kamaruddin

    2017-10-01

    Full Text Available The study of binding affinity is essential in surface plasmon resonance (SPR sensing because it allows researchers to quantify the affinity between the analyte and immobilised ligands of an SPR sensor. In this study, we demonstrate the derivation of the binding affinity constant, K, for Pb2+ and Hg2+ ions according to their SPR response using a gold/silver/gold/chitosan–graphene oxide (Au/Ag/Au/CS–GO sensor for the concentration range of 0.1–5 ppm. The higher affinity of Pb2+ to binding with the CS–GO sensor explains the outstanding sensitivity of 2.05 °ppm−1 against 1.66 °ppm−1 of Hg2+. The maximum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR upon detection of Pb2+ is 1.53, and exceeds the suggested logical criterion of an SNR. The Au/Ag/Au/CS–GO SPR sensor also exhibits excellent repeatability in Pb2+ due to the strong bond between its functional groups and this cation. The adsorption data of Pb2+ and Hg2+ on the CS–GO sensor fits well with the Langmuir isotherm model where the affinity constant, K, of Pb2+ and Hg2+ ions is computed. The affinity of Pb2+ ions to the Au/Ag/Au/CS–GO sensor is significantly higher than that of Hg2+ based on the value of K, 7 × 105 M−1 and 4 × 105 M−1, respectively. The higher shift in SPR angles due to Pb2+ and Hg2+ compared to Cr3+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions also reveals the greater affinity of the CS–GO SPR sensor to them, thus supporting the rationale for obtaining K for these two heavy metals. This study provides a better understanding on the sensing performance of such sensors in detecting heavy metal ions.

  1. Comparative study of silicate glasses containing Bi2O3, PbO and BaO: Radiation shielding and optical properties

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kirdsiri, K.; Kaewkhao, J.; Chanthima, N.; Limsuwan, P.

    2011-01-01

    Research highlights: → We change Bi 2 O 3 , PbO and BaO concentration in silicate glasses. → The densities of Bi 2 O 3 glasses more than PbO glasses and BaO glasses. → The Um of Bi 2 O 3 glasses and PbO glasses are comparable and more than BaO glasses. → This suggests that Bi 2 O 3 can replace PbO in radiation shielding glasses. - Abstract: The radiation shielding and optical properties of xBi 2 O 3 :(100-x)SiO 2 , xPbO:(100-x)SiO 2 and xBaO:(100-x)SiO 2 glass systems (where 30 ≤ x ≤ 70 is the composition by weight%) have been investigated. Total mass attenuation coefficients (μ m ) of glasses at 662 keV were improved by increasing their Bi 2 O 3 and PbO content, which raised the photoelectric absorption in glass matrices. Raising the BaO content to the same fraction range, however, brought no significant change to μ m . These results indicate that photon is strongly attenuated in Bi 2 O 3 and PbO containing glasses, and but not in BaO containing glass. The results from the optical absorption spectra show an edge that was not sharply defined; clearly indicating the amorphous nature of glass samples. It is observed that the cutoff wavelength for Bi 2 O 3 containing glass was longer than PbO and BaO containing glasses.

  2. Large enhancement of Faraday rotation by localized surface plasmon resonance in Au nanoparticles embedded in Bi:YIG film

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Uchida, H.; Masuda, Y.; Fujikawa, R.; Baryshev, A.V.; Inoue, M.

    2009-01-01

    A large enhancement of the Faraday rotation, which is associated with localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), was obtained in a sample with Au nanoparticles embedded in a Bi-substituted yttrium iron garnet (Bi:YIG) film. On a quartz substrate, Au nanoparticles were formed by heating an Au thin film, and a Bi:YIG film was then deposited on them. A sample containing the Au nanoparticles produced by 1000 deg. C heating showed a resonant attenuation with narrower bandwidth in the transmission spectrum than nanoparticles of other samples formed by low-temperature heating. The sharp resonant Faraday rotation angle was 4.4 times larger than the estimated intrinsic Bi:YIG film at the LSPR wavelength; the angular difference was 0.14 deg. A discrepancy in the bandwidth between the transmission attenuation and the resonant Faraday rotation is discussed

  3. Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Behavior of Au nanoparticles-hybridized Pb (II) metal-organic framework and its application in selective sensing hexavalent chromium.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ma, Hongmin; Li, Xiaojian; Yan, Tao; Li, Yan; Liu, Haiyang; Zhang, Yong; Wu, Dan; Du, Bin; Wei, Qin

    2016-02-23

    In this work, a novel electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor based on Au nanoparticles-hybridized Pb (II)-β-cyclodextrin (Pb-β-CD) metal-organic framework for detecting hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) was developed. Pb-β-CD shows excellent ECL behavior and unexpected reducing ability towards Au ions. Au nanoparticles could massively form on the surface of Pb-β-CD (Au@Pb-β-CD) without use of any additional reducing agent. In the presence of coreactant K2S2O8, the ECL emission of Pb-β-CD was enhanced by the formation of Au nanoparticles. Cr(VI) can collisionally quench the ECL behavior of Au@Pb-β-CD/S2O8(2-) system and the detection mechanism was investigated. This ECL sensor is found to have a linear response in the range of 0.01-100 μM and a low detection limit of 3.43 nM (S/N = 3) under the optimal conditions. These results suggest that metal-organic framework Au@Pb-β-CD has great potential in extending the application in the ECL field as an efficient luminophore.

  4. Frozen magnetoresistance at magnetization reversal of granular Bi(Pb)-HTSC

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sukhanov, A.A.; Omelchenko, V.I.

    2004-01-01

    The frozen magnetoresistance dependences of granular Bi(Pb)-HTSC samples on fields initiating a magnetic flux trapping and on magnetic reversal fields Rt(Hi, Hr) are investigated. It is found that the Rt (Hr) dependences are nonmonotonous. The frozen magnetoresistance decreases substantially after the first pulse Hr applied (Hr < Hi) but remains practically unchanged at subsequent remagnetization by magnetic pulses of alternating polarity and of the same amplitude. The effect of magnetic reversal on magnetoresistance anisotropy and the negative magnetoresistance phenomenon are studied. Is shown that the results obtained are inconsistent with the model of critical state for SC grains and the model of SC loops but are well described quantitatively by the proposed Bi(Pb)-HTSC model according to which the magnetic flux trapping occurs in normal grains with HTSC shells and the sample resistance is determined by weak link chains

  5. 1D chain formation by coadsorption of Pb and Bi on Cu(001): Determination using low energy electron diffraction

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kabiruzzaman, Md; Ahmed, Rezwan; Nakagawa, Takeshi; Mizuno, Seigi

    2017-10-01

    Coadsorption of two heavy metals, Pb and Bi, on Cu(001) at room temperature has been studied using low energy electron diffraction (LEED). c(4 × 4), c(2 × 2), and c(9√{ 2}×√{ 2}) phases are obtained at different coverages; here, we have determined the best-fit structure of c(4 × 4) phase. This structure can be described as a 1D substitutional chain arrangement of Pb and Bi atoms between the Cu rows along the [110] direction. The unit cell in the two-dimensional (2D) surface consists of one Bi atom, two Pb atoms, and four Cu atoms with one vacancy at the center. The optimal structure parameters demonstrate that Bi atoms are located at fourfold-hollow sites and that Pb atoms are laterally displaced by 0.78 Å from the fourfold-hollow site toward the vacancy. The reasons for the formation of the c(4 × 4) structure upon deposition of Pb and Bi on Cu(001) are discussed in comparison with a similar structure formed by the individual adsorption of Pb on the same substrate.

  6. A note on structural and dielectric properties of BiFeO3- PbTiO3 and BiFeO3- PbZrO3 composites

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Satpathy, S. K.; Mohanty, N. K.; Behera, A. K.; Behera, B.; Nayak, P.

    2015-01-01

    The composites of BiFeO 3 -PbTiO 3 (BF-PT) and BiFeO 3 -PbZrO 3 (BF-PZ) were prepared by mixed oxide method. Room temperature X-ray diffraction data confirms the rhombohedral and tetragonal crystal structure respectively. Dielectric constant of BF-PZ is found to give high value compared to BF-PT and hence, there is an increase value of ac conductivity for the former. Both the composites show negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR) behavior. The activation energies of BF-PT and BF-PZ are found to be 0.35 eV and 0.53 eV respectively. The d 33 coefficients are found to be 2.0 and 2.1 pC/N for BF-PT and BF-PZ respectively

  7. Comparison between the fragmentation processes in central Pb + Ag and Pb + Au collisions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jouault, B.; Royer, G.; Sebille, F.; Haddad, F.; Lecolley, J.F.

    1996-01-01

    The fragmentation processes of a medium mass system and of a very massive one formed in central collisions are compared within the Landau-Vlasov model taking into account both the isospin dependence and the two-body residual interactions. The simulations predict the formation of a roughly ellipsoidal source in the central Pb + Ag reactions while, for the Pb + Au system, the fragmentation occurs from an hollow source, the configuration of which being intermediate between bubble-like and toroidal shapes. This difference shapes explain and allow to reproduce semi-quantitatively the two different profiles of the experimental kinetic energy spectra. (authors)

  8. Pb5Bi24Se41: A new member of the homologous series forming topological insulator heterostructures

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Segawa, Kouji; Taskin, A.A.; Ando, Yoichi

    2015-01-01

    We have synthesized Pb 5 Bi 24 Se 41 , which is a new member of the (PbSe) 5 (Bi 2 Se 3 ) 3m homologous series with m=4. This series of compounds consist of alternating layers of the topological insulator Bi 2 Se 3 and the ordinary insulator PbSe. Such a naturally-formed heterostructure has recently been elucidated to give rise to peculiar quasi-two-dimensional topological states throughout the bulk, and the discovery of Pb 5 Bi 24 Se 41 expands the tunability of the topological states in this interesting homologous series. The trend in the resistivity anisotropy in this homologous series suggests an important role of hybridization of the topological states in the out-of-plane transport. - Graphical abstract: X-ray diffraction profiles taken on cleaved surfaces of single-crystal samples of the (PbSe) 5 (Bi 2 Se 3 ) 3m homologous series with various m values up to 4, which realizes topological insulator heterostructures. Schematic crystal structure of the new phase, m=4, is also shown. - Highlights: • We have synthesized a new member of the homologous series related to topological insulators. • In this compound, a heterostructure of topological and ordinary insulators naturally forms. • Resistivity anisotropy suggests an important role of hybridization of the topological states. • This compound expands the tunability of the topological states via chemical means

  9. Precise measurement of the densities of liquid Bi, Sn, Pb and Sb

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wang Lianwen; Wang Qiang; Xian Aiping; Lu Kunquan

    2003-01-01

    The densities of liquid Bi, Sn, Pb and Sb have been precisely measured from the melting point up to about 1100 K using an improved Archimedean method. The densities at the melting point for liquid Bi, Sn, Pb and Sb are 10.042 x 10 3 , 6.983 x 10 3 , 10.635 x 10 3 and 6.454 x 10 3 kg m -3 , respectively. Comparisons between our data and those from the literature have been made and they show the present results to be more reliable. Rather than a linear fit for the temperature dependence of the density, a slight deviation from linearity in the temperature dependence of the densities has been observed

  10. Half-metallic antiferromagnetism in double perovskite BiPbCrCuO6

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Weng, Ke-Chuan; Wang, Y. K.

    2015-01-01

    The electronic structure and magnetic properties of BiPbCrCuO 6 double perovskite are investigated based on first-principles density functional calculations with generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and GGA incorporated with Coulomb correlation interaction U (GGA + U). The results suggest the half-metallic (HM) and antiferromagnetic (AFM) properties of BiPbCrCuO 6 double perovskite. The HM-AFM property of the double perovskite is caused by the double-exchange mechanism between neighboring Cr 5+ (t 2g 1 ↓) and Cu 2+ (t 2g 3 ↑t 2g 3 ↓e g 2 ↑e g ↓) via the intermediate O 2− (2s 2 2p 6 ) ion

  11. Corrosion behavior of Al-Fe-sputtering-coated steel, high chromium steels, refractory metals and ceramics in high temperature Pb-Bi

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Abu Khalid, Rivai; Minoru, Takahashi

    2007-01-01

    Corrosion tests of Al-Fe-coated steel, high chromium steels, refractory metals and ceramics were carried out in high temperature Pb-Bi at 700 C degrees. Oxygen concentrations in this experiment were 6.8*10 -7 wt.% for Al-Fe-coated steels and 5*10 -6 wt.% for high chromium steels, refractory metals and ceramics. All specimens were immersed in molten Pb-Bi in a corrosion test pot for 1.000 hours. Coating was done with using the unbalanced magnetron sputtering (UBMS) technique to protect the steel from corrosion. Sputtering targets were Al and SUS-304. Al-Fe alloy was coated on STBA26 samples. The Al-Fe alloy-coated layer could be a good protection layer on the surface of steel. The whole of the Al-Fe-coated layer still remained on the base surface of specimen. No penetration of Pb-Bi into this layer and the matrix of the specimen. For high chromium steels i.e. SUS430 and Recloy10, the oxide layer formed in the early time could not prevent the penetration of Pb-Bi into the base of the steels. Refractory metals of tungsten (W) and molybdenum (Mo) had high corrosion resistance with no penetration of Pb-Bi into their matrix. Penetration of Pb-Bi into the matrix of niobium (Nb) was observed. Ceramic materials were SiC and Ti 3 SiC 2 . The ceramic materials of SiC and Ti 3 SiC 2 had high corrosion resistance with no penetration of Pb-Bi into their matrix. (authors)

  12. Magnetic and structural properties of Bi(2223doped by pb and Sb

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    H. Salamati

    1998-04-01

    Full Text Available   In a systematic approach, we have investigated the effect of the presence of Pb and Sb in the Bi site in a BSCCO (2223 phase superconductor. There are some contradictory reports in substitution of Sb in the Bi site. Some researchers report an increase in the Tc of these materials. So, we have made an accurate stoichiometry of these superconductors and selected extra pure starting materials with appropriate ratios of Pb+Sb.   The susceptility of these samples have been measured and the structures of the systems have been studied by SEM and XRD. The results of this investigation show that, Although the presence of Pb is essential for formation of (2223 phase, but addition of small amount of Sb helps to stabilize and enhance the ratio of higher phase. Our results show that, presence of Sb would raise the critical current density, but would not affect the Tc of these superconductors.

  13. Technologies for hydrogen production based on direct contact of gaseous hydrocarbons and evaporated water with Molten Pb or Pb-Bi

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gulevich, A. V.; Martynov, P. N.; Gulevsky, V. A.; Ulyanov, V. V.

    2007-01-01

    Results of studies intended for the substantiation of a new energy-saving and safe technology for low cost hydrogen production have been presented. The technology's basis is direct mixing of water and (or) gaseous hydrocarbons with heavy liquid metal coolants (HLMC) Pb or Pb-Bi. Preliminary research has been done on thermal dynamics and kinetics of the processes taking place in the interaction of HLMC with hydrocarbon-containing gases. It has been shown as a result that water and gaseous hydrocarbons interact with molten Pb and Pb-Bi relatively quietly in chemical aspect (without ignition and explosions). Therefore, (and taking into account the thermal physics, physical and chemical properties of HLMC such as low pressure of saturated vapor of Pb and Pb- Bi in enhanced temperatures, their good heat conductivity and heat capacity, low viscosity, etc.) heat transfer is possible from the molten metal to water and hydrocarbons without heat transferring partitions (that is, by direct contact of the working media). Devices to implement this method of heating liquid and gaseous media provide essential advantages: - A simple design; - None heat-transferring surfaces subject to corrosion, contamination, thermal fatigue, vibration impacts; - A high effectiveness owing to a larger heat exchanging surface per volume unit; - A small hydraulic resistance. The possibility and effectiveness of heating various gaseous and liquid media in their direct contact with molten Pb and Pb-Bi has been substantiated convincingly by experimental results at IPPE. Besides, the following processes of hydrogen-containing media conversion have been proved feasible thereby. 1. Water decomposition into hydrogen and oxygen. The process can develop at temperatures of 400-1000 degree C. It is necessary to provide constant removal of oxygen from the reaction zone and maintain a minimum possible content of chemically active oxygen in the melt. 2. Pyrolytic decomposition of hydrocarbons into carbon and

  14. CFD Simulations of Pb-Bi Two-Phase Flow

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dostal, Vaclav; Zelezny, Vaclav; Zacha, Pavel

    2008-01-01

    In a Pb-Bi cooled direct contact steam generation fast reactor water is injected directly above the core, the produced steam is separated at the top and is send to the turbine. Neither the direct contact phenomenon nor the two-phase flow simulations in CFD have been thoroughly described yet. A first attempt in simulating such two-phase flow in 2D using the CFD code Fluent is presented in this paper. The volume of fluid explicit model was used. Other important simulation parameters were: pressure velocity relation PISO, discretization scheme body force weighted for pressure, second order upwind for momentum and CISCAM for void fraction. Boundary conditions were mass flow inlet (Pb-Bi 0 kg/s and steam 0.07 kg/s) and pressure outlet. The effect of mesh size (0.5 mm and 0.2 mm cells) was investigated as well as the effect of the turbulent model. It was found that using a fine mesh is very important in order to achieve larger bubbles and the turbulent model (k-ε realizable) is necessary to properly model the slug flow. The fine mesh and unsteady conditions resulted in computationally intense problem. This may pose difficulties in 3D simulations of the real experiments. (authors)

  15. Potential laboratory health hazard of /sup 210/Pb and a simple procedure for separation of /sup 210/Pb from the daughters /sup 210/Bi and /sup 210/Po

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Pounds, J G [Arkansas Univ., Little Rock (USA). Medical Center; Blakemore, W M [The National Center for Toxicological Research, Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA

    1981-12-01

    Lead 210 (Radium D) is a naturally occurring radionuclide which is frequently used in toxicological studies due to its long half-life. The use of /sup 210/Pb in tracer studies poses two problems. First /sup 210/Pb, along with its daughters /sup 210/Bi and /sup 210/Po, presents a significant health hazard to laboratory personnel. Second, the presence of the daughter products may interfere with the detection of /sup 210/Pb, particularly by techniques which discriminate poorly between different radioactive emissions, e.g. autoradiography. The potential laboratory health hazards of /sup 210/Pb and its daughters are briefly reviewed and a simple dithiozone extraction procedure which allows quantitative separation of /sup 210/Pb from the daughters /sup 210/Po and /sup 210/Bi is described. The purified /sup 210/Pb may then be utilized to reduce the health hazard from the daughter products and to construct calibration curves for the quantitation of /sup 210/Pb in the presence of /sup 210/Bi and /sup 210/Po by liquid scintillation counting.

  16. Solid-state dewetting of Au-Ni bi-layer films mediated through individual layer thickness and stacking sequence

    Science.gov (United States)

    Herz, Andreas; Theska, Felix; Rossberg, Diana; Kups, Thomas; Wang, Dong; Schaaf, Peter

    2018-06-01

    In the present work, the solid-state dewetting of Au-Ni bi-layer thin films deposited on SiO2/Si is systematically studied with respect to individual layer thickness and stacking sequence. For this purpose, a rapid heat treatment at medium temperatures is applied in order to examine void formation at the early stages of the dewetting. Compositional variations are realized by changing the thickness ratio of the bi-layer films, while the total thickness is maintained at 20 nm throughout the study. In the event of Au/Ni films annealed at 500 °C, crystal voids exposing the substrate are missing regardless of chemical composition. In reverse order, the number of voids per unit area in two-phase Au-Ni thin films is found to be governed by the amount of Au-rich material. At higher temperatures up to 650 °C, a decreased probability of nucleation comes at the expense of a major portion of cavities, resulting in the formation of bubbles in 15 nm Ni/5 nm Au bi-layers. Film buckling predominantly occurred at phase boundaries crossing the bubbles.

  17. Growth of nucleation sites on Pb-doped Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2O8+δ

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Finnemore, D.K.; Xu, M.; Kouzoudis, D.; Bloomer, T.; Kramer, M.J.; McKernan, S.; Balachandran, U.; Haldar, P.

    1996-01-01

    In the growth of Bi 2 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 10+δ from mixed powders of Pb-doped Bi 2 Sr 2 Ca 1 Cu 2 O 8+δ and other oxides, it has been discovered that a dense array of hillocks or mesas grow at the interface between a Ag overlay and Pb-doped Bi 2 Sr 2 Ca 1 Cu 2 O 8+δ grains during the ramp up to the reaction temperature. As viewed in an environmental scanning electron microscope, the Ag coated grains develop a texture that looks like open-quote open-quote chicken pox close-quote close-quote growing on the grains at about 700 degree C. These hillocks are about 100 nm across and are spaced at about 500 to 1000 nm. If there is no Ag, this texture does not develop. Preliminary measurements indicate that the hillocks are a recrystallization of (Bi,Pb) 2 Sr 2 Ca 1 Cu 2 O 8+δ , and are definitely not a Pb rich phase. copyright 1996 American Institute of Physics

  18. Development of Bi-base high-temperature Pb-free solders with second-phase dispersion: Thermodynamic calculation, microstructure, and interfacial reaction

    Science.gov (United States)

    Takaku, Yoshikazu; Ohnuma, Ikuo; Kainuma, Ryosuke; Yamada, Yasushi; Yagi, Yuji; Nishibe, Yuji; Ishida, Kiyohito

    2006-11-01

    Bismuth and its alloys are candidates for Pb-free high-temperature solders that can be substituted for conventional Pb-rich Pb-Sn solders (melting point (mp) = 573 583 K). However, inferior properties such as brittleness and weak bonding strength should be improved for practical use. To that end, BiCu-X (X=Sb, Sn, and Zn) Pb-free high-temperature solders are proposed. Miscibility gaps in liquid BiCu-X alloys were surveyed using the thermodynamic database ADAMIS (alloy database for micro-solders), and compositions of the BiCu-X solders were designed on the basis of calculation. In-situ composite solders that consist of a Bi-base matrix with fine intermetallic compound (IMC) particles were produced by gas-atomizing and melt-spinning methods. The interfacial reaction between in-situ composite solders and Cu or Ni substrates was investigated. The IMCs at the interface formed a thin, uniform layer, which is an appropriate morphology for a reliable solder joint.

  19. Bi-Abundance Ionisation Structure of the Wolf-Rayet Planetary Nebula PB 8

    Science.gov (United States)

    Danehkar, A.

    2018-01-01

    The planetary nebula PB 8 around a [WN/WC]-hybrid central star is one of planetary nebulae with moderate abundance discrepancy factors (ADFs 2-3), which could be an indication of a tiny fraction of metal-rich inclusions embedded in the nebula (bi-abundance). In this work, we have constructed photoionisation models to reproduce the optical and infrared observations of the planetary nebula PB 8 using a non-LTE stellar model atmosphere ionising source. A chemically homogeneous model initially used cannot predict the optical recombination lines. However, a bi-abundance model provides a better fit to most of the observed optical recombination lines from N and O ions. The metal-rich inclusions in the bi-abundance model occupy 5.6% of the total volume of the nebula, and are roughly 1.7 times cooler and denser than the mean values of the surrounding nebula. The N/H and O/H abundance ratios in the metal-rich inclusions are 1.0 and 1.7 dex larger than the diffuse warm nebula, respectively. To reproduce the Spitzer spectral energy distribution of PB 8, dust grains with a dust-to-gas ratio of 0.01 (by mass) were also included. It is found that the presence of metal-rich inclusions can explain the heavy element optical recombination lines, while a dual-dust chemistry with different grain species and discrete grain sizes likely produces the infrared continuum of this planetary nebula. This study demonstrates that the bi-abundance hypothesis, which was examined in a few planetary nebulae with large abundance discrepancies (ADFs > 10), could also be applied to those typical planetary nebulae with moderate abundance discrepancies.

  20. Phase equilibria and homogeneity range of the high temperature superconducting compound (Bi,Pb)2+xSr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kaesche, S.

    1995-01-01

    For the superconducting cuprates (Bi,Pb) 2+x Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 10+y phase equilibria, the homogeneity region, and the phase formation has been studied in the temperture range 800 to 890 C. Sintered samples were prepared by a solid state reaction starting from Bi 2 O 3 , PbO, CuO and carbonates CaCO 3 and SrCO 3 in a three-stage calcination process. For the phase identification polarization microscopy, X-ray diffraction and susceptibility measurements have been applied. Multi-phase regions were determined in the cross section of the quasi-ternary system (Bi,Pb) 2 O 3 -SrO-CaO-CuO with constant Bi/(Bi+Pb) ratio 0.84 taking into account the 2223-phase. The homogeneity region was determined as function of Sr, Ca, Bi and Pb concentration. Its maximum size was found at 850 C

  1. Nano-Channels Early Formation Investigation on Stainless Steel 316Ti after Immersion in Molten Pb-Bi

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Abu Khalid Rivai

    2017-04-01

    Full Text Available Pb-Bi (lead-bismuth eutectic-LBE is a coolant of one of main candidates for the future nuclear reactor in the world (Generation IV reactors i.e. LFR (Lead alloy-cooled Fast Reactor, and also a spallation target material for ADS (Accelerator Driven Transmutation System. However, the development of fuel cladding and structural materials in LBE environment, especially at high temperature, is a critical issue for the deployment of LFR and ADS. This is because of the corrosive characteristic of LBE to metals as constituent materials of fuel cladding and structural of the reactors. In this study, corrosion test of a high-chromium austenitic steel i.e. SS316Ti in liquid Pb-Bi at 550ºC has been carried out for about 300 hours. The characterization using SEM-EDS (Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscope showed that an iron oxide as the outer layer and a chromium oxide as the inner layer on the surface of the specimen were formed which protected the steel specimen from corrosion and dissolution attack of Pb-Bi. However, small amount of Pb-Bi could penetrate into the iron oxide layer through ultra-thin channels. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM was employed to investigate the phenomena of the channels formation. The results of the nano-scale investigation showed clearly the formation of the channels.

  2. High temperature ultrasonic transducers for imaging and measurements in a liquid Pb/Bi eutectic alloy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kazys, Rymantas; Voleisis, Algirdas; Sliteris, Reimondas; Mazeika, Liudas; Van Nieuwenhove, Rudi; Kupschus, Peter; Abderrahim, Hamid Aït

    2005-04-01

    In some nuclear reactors or accelerator-driven systems (ADS) the core is intended to be cooled by means of a heavy liquid metal, for example, lead-bismuth (Pb/Bi) eutectic alloy. For safety and licensing reasons, an imaging method of the interior of ADS, based on application of ultrasonic waves, has thus to be developed. This paper is devoted to description of developed various ultrasonic transducers suitable for long term imaging and measurements in the liquid Pb/Bi alloy. The results of comparative experimental investigations of the developed transducers of different designs in a liquid Pb/Bi alloy up to 450 degrees C are presented. Prototypes with different high temperature piezoelectric materials were investigated: PZT, bismuth titanate (Bi4Ti3O12), lithium niobate (LiNbO3), gallium orthophosphate (GaPO4) and aluminum nitride (A1N). For acoustic coupling with the metal alloy, it was proposed to coat the active surface of the transducers by diamond like carbon (DLC). The radiation robustness was assessed by exposing the transducers to high gamma dose rates in one of the irradiation facilities at SCK x CEN. The experimental results proved that the developed transducers are suitable for long-term operation in harsh conditions.

  3. Synthesis and evaluation of tetraphosphonates labelled with 212Bi, 212Pb and 165Er

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hassfjell, S.P.

    1997-08-01

    The main goal of this work has been to achieve a synthesis of radiolabelled phosphonates for the improvement of diagnostic and therapy of osteoblastic osteosarcoma and sclerotic bone metastases. 212 Bi-DOTMP is shown to be an in vivo stable bone seeking radiopharmaceutical with a potential for a α-particle therapy of the above mentioned diseases. It has biodistribution characteristics similar to 153 Sm-EDTMP, which is now formally approved in several countries, most recently in the US. 212 Pb-DOTMP is also a promising candidate having the advantage of increasing the effective half life of the α-emitter, although loss of some of the in vivo generated 212 Bi may be a problem. A generator has been developed for the production of the α-emitting radionuclide 212 Bi and its parent nuclide 212 Pb. The generator is based on the emanation of 220 Rn from ( 228 Th)barium stearate. The decay product of 220 Rn, 212 Pb deposits on the walls of a polyethylene bottle, and can be wasted off with distilled water. The generator shows no leakage of any long-lived parent nuclides, is easy to operate and has a high degree of radiation safety

  4. Geology and mineralogy of the Au-As (Ag-Pb-Zn-Cu-Sb polymetallic deposit of Valiña-Azúmara (Lugo, NW Spain

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Martínez-Abad, I.

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available Valiña-Azúmara is a polymetallic Au-As (Ag-Pb-Zn-Cu-Sb deposit, located in the province of Lugo (NW Spain, that was mined for arsenic at the beginning of the 20th century. The mineralization is hosted in a Variscan thrust fault with a dip direction of N247-261ºE, and N-S and NE-SW Late-Variscan faults. These structures are hosted in black slates, Cambrian in age. To a lesser extent, the mineralization also occurs disseminated within narrow, weakly silicified and sericited selvages. Mineralization is divided into two hypogene stages. The first consists of quartz, calcite, rutile, sericite, arsenopyrite and pyrite. Two types of pyrite (Py-I and Py-II are defined according to their chemical and textural characteristics. Py-II occurs as overgrowth of previous Py-I crystals. Py-II is As-rich (≤1.7 wt.% and often contains traces of Te, Zn, Cu, Bi, Sb and Au. The mineralized drill core sections show a significant correlation between Au and As. This is due to Au occurring as invisible Au within the Py-II grains, with contents of up to 176 ppm. The Au/As ratios of Py-II indicate that Au was deposited as Au1+, as solid solution within the pyrite structure. The second stage of mineralization is enriched in Ag-Pb-Zn-Cu-Sb, replacing the first stage, and consists of quartz, calcite, chlorite, sphalerite, jamesonite, Ag-rich tetrahedrite, freibergite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite and galena. Although jamesonite shows traces of Ag, the Cu-Ag sulfosalts are the main carriers of the Ag mineralization in the deposit, with contents that vary from 13.7 to 23.9 wt.% of Ag. In the most superficial levels of the area, secondary Fe oxide and hydroxide, scorodite and anglesite developed due to the oxidation of the ore.Valiña-Azúmara es un yacimiento filoniano de Au-As (Ag-Pb-Zn-Cu-Sb situado en la provincia de Lugo (NO España, que fue explotado por arsénico a principios del siglo XX. La mineralización se encuentra encajada en un cabalgamiento Varisco de direcci

  5. Gamma ray shielding characteristic of BiZnBo-SLS and PbZnBo-SLS glass

    Science.gov (United States)

    Syuhada Ahmad, Nor; Shahrim Mustafa, Iskandar; Mansor, Ishak; Malik, Muhammad Fadhirul Izwan bin Abdul; Ain Nabilah Razali, Nur; Nordin, Sufiniza

    2018-05-01

    The radiation shielding and optical properties of x [RmOn] (0.5‑x) [ZnO] 0.2 [B2O3] 0.3 [SLS], where RmOn are Bi2O3 and PbO with x = 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, 0.30, 0.40, and 0.45 have been prepared by using the melt-quenching method at 1200 °C and was investigated on their physical, structural and gamma ray shielding properties. Field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) data revealed that the particle morphologies is aggregated and irregular in shapes and size. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) elemental mapping data confirmed that all mentioned element all present on the prepared glass. Soda Lime Silica (SLS) that is mainly composed of SiO2 has been utilized in this study as the source of SiO2 for fabrication of glass system. From the result, the density and molar volume of both glass samples increased as Bi2O3 and PbO content increased. The gamma ray shielding properties, such as linear attenuation and mass attenuation coefficient, were increased while half value layer (HVL) and mean free path (MFP) were decreased as the increased in Bi2O3 and PbO concentrations. It is recognized that the mass attenuation coefficient value of Bi2O3 and PbO glass are slightly different. From this study, it can be concluded that from the non-toxicity and shielding point of view, the bismuth glass is a good shield to gamma radiation as compared to lead glass.

  6. Study of the Neutron Deficient Pb and Bi Isotopes by Simultaneous Atomic- and Nuclear-Spectroscopy

    CERN Multimedia

    Kessler, T

    2002-01-01

    We propose to study systematically nuclear properties of the neutron deficient lead $^{183-189}$Pb, $^{191g}$Pb, $^{193g}$Pb and bismuth isotopes $^{188-200}$Bi by atomic spectroscopy with the ISOLDE resonance ionisation laser ion source (RILIS) combined with simultaneous nuclear spectroscopy at the detection set-up. The main focus is the determination of the mean square charge radii of $^{183-190}$Pb and $^{188-193}$Bi from which the influence of low-lying intruder states should become obvious. Also the nuclear spin and magnetic moments of ground-states and long-lived isomers will be determined unambiguously through evaluation of the hyperfine structure, and new isomers could be discovered. The decay properties of these nuclei can be measured by $\\alpha$-$\\gamma$ and $\\beta$-$\\gamma$ spectroscopy. With this data at hand, possible shape transitions around mid-shell at N$\\sim$104 will be studied. This data is crucial for the direct test of nuclear theory in the context of intruder state influence (e.g. energy ...

  7. Environmental radioactivity of radon daughter's radionuclides 210Pb-210Bi-210Po

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Momoshima, N.

    2003-01-01

    Radionuclide, 210 Pb(22.3 y)- 210 Bi(5.013 d)- 210 Po(138.4 d) belongs to the uranium decay chain and widely distributed in the environment. 222 Rn escaped from the earth surface is a major source of atmospheric 210 Pb. These nuclides attach with atmospheric aerosols and are removed to the ground as wet and dry depositions. The residence time of the atmospheric aerosol, thus, was obtained by activity ratios of 210 Bi/ 210 Pb and 210 Po/ 210 Pb, showing different values. The discrepancy on the residence times are explained with inputs of 210 Po to the atmosphere other than 222 Rn emanated from the earth surface. The removal of aerosol as wet deposition occupies a significant fraction, which reaches 72% on 210 Pb and 89% on 7 Be. In the ocean, the radionuclides are used as tracer to examine dynamic processes occurring in the ocean, such as removal of particulate matter from seawater column to bottom. The 210 Pb and 210 Po concentrations in the ocean water collected off continent decreased from surface toward bottom, and the shortage on 210 Po content relative to that of 210 Po was observed at shallow ocean layers, however, the 210 Po/ 210 Pb activity ratio closed to the radioactive equilibrium at deeper layers. The 210 Pb is a very good tracer to evaluate an accumulation rate of bottom sediment in ocean, lake and river. This is called as 210 Pb dating and is successfully applicable to accumulation circumstances that bottom sediment deposits at constant rate. Most of the actual cases, simultaneous 137 Cs dating is carried out, which uses 137 Cs peak in the core as originated from radioactive fallout of nuclear tests, showing the maximum in 1963. Recently new findings on source of atmospheric 210 Po are report by laboratory experiments and environmental measurements, which proves biologically supported emission of volatile Po compounds to the atmosphere. (author)

  8. Developments of 207Pb, 208Pb and 209Bi target wheels in the synthesis of 107Ns, 108Hs and 109Mt

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Folger, H.; Hartmann, W.; Hessberger, F.P.; Hofmann, S.; Klemm, J.; Muenzenberg, G.; Ninov, V.; Schmidt, K.H.; Schoett, H.J.; Thalheimer, W.; Armbruster, P.

    1993-05-01

    The developments of 207 Pb, 208 Pb and 209 Bi target wheels and their applications in heavy-ion fusion reactions are reviewed. In both, fabrication and use, the centers of the evaporator or accelerator beams are focussed at wheel radii of 155 mm to specially shaped frames which generate very homogeneous target layers and very constant reaction and counting rates in the experiment. Target areas of up to ∼98% of a wheel's circumference of 974 mm can be provided. The preparation procedures for necessary C backings and protecting layers of C are described, and details are given for the developments of high-vacuum evaporations of 207 Pb, 208 Pb and 209 Bi with deposition yields of 35-55% from tantalum crucibles. The applications of the target wheels in heavy-ion fusion reactions with beams of 54 Cr and 58 Fe at energies near the Coulomb barrier and intensities of ∼10 12 particles/s are mentioned. The target parameters for the production runs of the new chemical elements 107 Ns, 108 Hs and 109 Mt are included. (orig.)

  9. Ag doped (Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2CaCu2O8+δ textured rods

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Díez, J. C.

    2008-06-01

    Full Text Available In this work, superconducting samples of (Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2CaCu2O8+δ with Ag additions have been studied. (Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2CaCu2O8+δ + x wt.% Ag (with x = 0, 1 and 3 powders were synthesized using a sol-gel method. The obtained powders were used as precursors to fabricate long textured cylindrical bars through a floating zone melting method. A drastic change on the microstructure has been found when comparing with undoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ samples. The results showed that electrical resistivity at room temperature, critical current as well as flexural strength are improved when Ag is added to these Pb doped samples, while critical temperature does not change. On the other hand, it has been found that samples with composition (Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2CaCu2O8+δ + Ag shown E-I curves with very high sharpness values on the zone of the superconducting to normal transition, reaching n-values (E∼In as high as 45 at 65K.Se han preparado polvos cerámicos de composición (Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2CaCu2O8+δ + x % Ag en peso (con x = 0, 1 y 3 mediante un proceso sol-gel. Estos polvos se han utilizado para fabricar precursores que se texturaron por medio del método de fusión zonal flotante. Se ha encontrado un gran cambio en la microestructura cuando se compara con muestras de composición pura Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ. Tanto la resistividad eléctrica a temperatura ambiente, como la corriente crítica, así como la resistencia a flexión se mejoran cuando la Ag se adiciona a estas muestras dopadas con Pb, mientras que no se observa cambio en la temperatura crítica. Por otra parte, se ha encontrado que las muestras de composición (Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2CaCu2O8+δ + Ag presentan una gran pendiente de la curva E-I en la zona de transición entre el estado superconductor y el estado normal. Con estas composiciones, se han encontrado valores de n (E∼In de hasta 45 a 65K.

  10. Synthesis and photoelectrical performance of nanoscale PbS and Bi2S3 co-sensitized on Ti02 nanotube arrays

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    Fanggong Cai; Min Pan; Yong Feng; Guo Yan; Yong Zhang; Yong Zhao

    2017-01-01

    TiO2 films have been widely applied in photovoltaic conversion techniques.TiO2 nanotube arrays (TiO2 NAs) can be grown directly on the surface of metal Ti by the anodic oxidation method.Bi2S3 and PbS nanoparticles (NPs) were firstly co-sensitized on TiO2 NAs (denoted as PbS/Bi2S3(n)/TiO2 NAs) by a two-step process containing hydrothermal and sonication-assisted SILAR method.When the concentration of Bi3+ is 5 mmol/L,the best photoelectrical performance was obtained under simulated solar irradiation.The short-circuit photocurrent (Jsc) and photoconversion efficiency (η) of PbS/Bi2S3(5)/TiO2 NAs electrode were 4.70 mA/cm and 1.13 %,respectively.

  11. Porphyry Cu-Au mineralization in the Mirkuh Ali Mirza magmatic complex, NW Iran

    Science.gov (United States)

    Maghsoudi, A.; Yazdi, M.; Mehrpartou, M.; Vosoughi, M.; Younesi, S.

    2014-01-01

    The Mirkuh Ali Mirza Cu-Au porphyry system in East Azerbaijan Province is located on the western part of the Cenozoic Alborz-Azerbaijan volcanic belt. The belt is also an important Cu-Mo-Au metallogenic province in northwestern Iran. The exposed rocks in the study area consist of a volcaniclastic sequence, subvolcanic rocks and intermediate to mafic lava flows of Neogene age. The volcanic rocks show a typical subduction-related magmatic arc geological and geochemical signature, with low concentration of Nb, Ta, and Ti. Mineralization is hosted by Neogene dacitic tuff and porphyritic dacite situated at the intersections of northeast and northwest faults. Field observations, alteration zonation, geochemical haloes and isotopic data of the Mirkuh Ali Mirza magmatic complex show similarities with typical convergent margin Cu-Au porphyry type deposits. The following features confirm the classic model for Cu-Au porphyry systems: (a) close spatial association with high-K calcalkaline to shoshonitic rock related to post-collision extensional setting (b) low grade Cu (0.57%) (c) stockworks as well as disseminated sulfides (c) zonality of the alteration patterns from intense phyllic at the center to outward weak-phyllic, argillic, and propylitic (d) the presence of a pyritic halo (e) accompanied by sheeted veins and low-sulfidation epithermal gold (f) mineralization spatially associated with intersection of structures, (g) genetically related to diorite porphyry stocks at depth (h) geochemical zonation of (Cu ± Au ± Ag ± Bi) → (Cu + Mo ± Bi ± Au ± Pb ± Zn ± As) → (Au + Mo ± Pb ± Zn) → (As + Ag + Sb + Mn + Ba + Pb + Zn + Hg) → Hg from center to outwards (i) The range of sulfur isotopic values is approximately zero (interpreted to have magmatic source) and similar to other subduction-related porphyry Cu deposits.

  12. Pb induces superconductivity in Bi2Se3 analyzed by point contact spectroscopy

    OpenAIRE

    Arevalo-López, P.; López-Romero, R. E.; Escudero, R.

    2015-01-01

    Some topological insulators become superconducting when doped with Cu and Pd. Superconductivity in a non-superconductor may be induced by proximity effect: i.e. Contacting a non-superconductor with a superconductor. The superconducting macroscopic wave function will induce electronic pairing into the normal compound. In the simplest topological insulator, Bi$_2$Se$_3$, superconductivity may be induced with Pb. We studied with point contact junctions formed by contacting Bi$_2$Se$_3$ crystals ...

  13. Determination of the neutron resonance parameters for 206Pb and of the thermal neutron capture cross section for 206Pb and 209Bi

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Borella, A.

    2005-01-01

    Chapter 1 describes the motivation of the measurements (accelerator driven systems, stellar nucleosynthesis, neutron induced reactions on 206 Pb), the present status of the neutron capture data for 206 Pb and 209 Bi and the structure of this work. In Chapter 2 the basic reaction theory underlying this work is described. The neutron induced reaction mechanism and formalism are explained. The parameterisation of the cross section in terms of R-matrix theory is discussed and we put particular emphasis on the statistical behaviour of the resonance parameters and the impact of the angular distribution of gamma rays following neutron capture. The relation between experimental observables and the resonance parameters is discussed together with general comments related to resonance shape analysis. Chapter 3 is focused on the determination of resonance parameters for 206 Pb. We performed high-resolution transmission and capture measurements at the Time-Of-Flight (TOF) facility GELINA of the IRMM at Geel (B) and determined the resonance parameters. For nuclei like 206 Pb, where the total width is dominated by Γ n , the capture area allows to determine G . Transmission measurements were carried out to determine Γ n , and the statistical factor g of resonances. Before performing a Resonance Shape Analysis (RSA) on the transmission and capture data, we verified the neutron flux and resolution at GELINA. We also compared the characteristics of GELINA with those of the n-TOF facility at CERN. A special emphasis is placed on the total energy detection technique using C 6 D 6 detectors. This technique was applied for the determination of the capture cross section. To reduce systematic bias effects on the capture cross section, the response of the detectors was determined by Monte Carlo simulations, which has been validated by experiments. Using these response functions the partial capture cross sections for individual resonances of 206 Pb have been deduced, by unfolding the

  14. Analysis of the intermediate stage in the heavy ion interactions of 208Pb+197Au and 197Au+197Au

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nasir, Tabassum; Khan, E.U.; Baluch, J.J.; Qureshi, I.E.; Sajid, M.; Shahzad, M.I.

    2008-01-01

    Two different projectiles 208 Pb and 197 Au at the same energy (11.67MeV/u) have been bombarded on 197 Au target to study heavy ion interactions using mica as a passive detector. In this paper we present results on the study of energy damping and time scale of the existence of di-nuclear composite system in the intermediate reaction step. The plots of Q-values as well as reaction cross sections in various angular bins of scattering angles suggest that K.E. damping was complete and dynamic equilibrium was established between the first and second reaction steps. The time scale of this duration was also determined

  15. Structural properties of superconducting Bi-2223/Ag tapes

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gottschalck Andersen, L.

    2001-05-01

    The structural properties of silver clad high-T{sub c} superconducting ceramic tapes of (Bi,Pb){sub 2}Sr{sub 2}Ca{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub x} (Bi-2223) have been investigated by means of synchrotron X-ray diffraction (including the 3DXRD microscope setup), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS). By synchrotron X-ray diffraction in situ studies of the phase development during the transformation of (Bi,Pb){sub 2}Sr{sub 2}Ca{sub 1}Cu{sub 2}O{sub x} (Bi-2212) into Bi-2223, the stoichiometry changes and the texture have been performed during annealing in 8% O{sub 2} and in air. Furthermore, an annealing with two high temperature cycles has been performed to study the equilibrium phenomena. During heating (Ca,Sr){sub 2}PbO{sub 4} decomposes at temperatures between 700 deg. C and 840 deg.C. Simultaneously, the Bi-2212 lattice contracts, indicating an incorporation of Pb. Moreover, the grain mis-alignment decreases significantly. In air we have observed that Bi-2212 partly dissociates into (Ca,Sr){sub 2}CuO{sub 3} and a liquid at temperatures above 812 deg. C. At the annealing temperature Bi-2212 and (Ca,Sr){sub 2}CuO{sub 3} react with the liquid to form Bi-2223. The transformation mechanism is discussed. During cooling below {approx}750 deg.C (Ca,Sr){sub 2}CuO{sub 3} and the liquid mainly transform into Bi-2201. Below {approx}780 deg. C Bi-2223 decomposes to 3221. In addition, a two-step cooling experiment and a decomposition study have been performed in 8% O{sub 2}. By TEM the grain and colony size in the c-axis direction, the angles of c-axis tilt grain boundaries and the intergrowth content are investigated. A fully processed tape has on average 50% thicker grains than a tape after the 1st annealing. The angles of c-axis tilt grain boundaries are on average 14 deg. and 26 deg. for the fully processed tape and the tape after the 1st annealing, respectively. The intergrowth content (15%) and

  16. Improved ferroelectric and pyroelectric properties of Pb-doped SrBi4Ti4O15 ceramics for high temperature applications

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Venkata Ramana, E.; Graça, M.P.F.; Valente, M.A.; Bhima Sankaram, T.

    2014-01-01

    Highlights: • Sr 1−x Pb x Bi 4 Ti 4 O 15 (SPBT, x = 0 − 0.4) ceramics were synthesized by soft chemical method. • X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of bismuth layered structure. • SEM images showed plate like grain morphology with random orientation of plate faces. • Pb-doping resulted in improved ferroelectricity of SrBi 4 Ti 4 O 15 ceramics. • Pb-doped SrBi 4 Ti 4 O 15 exhibited improved pyroelectric properties with high T C . -- Abstract: Ferroelectric properties of Pb-modified strontium bismuth titanate ceramics with chemical formula Sr 1−x Pb x Bi 4 Ti 4 O 15 (x = 0–0.4) were investigated. Polycrystalline ceramics were synthesized by soft chemical method to study the effect of Pb-doping on its physical properties. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed a bismuth layered structure for all the compounds. The doping resulted in an increased tetragonal strain and improved ferroelectric properties. Scanning electron microscope images showed plate like grain morphology with random orientation of platelets. The ferroelectric transition temperature of the ceramics increased systematically from 525 °C to 560 °C with the increase of doping concentration. The piezoelectric coefficient (d 33 ) of the ceramics was enhanced significantly with Pb doping, exhibiting a maximum value of 21.8 pC/N for 40 mol.% Pb-doped SBT. Pyroelectric studies carried out using the Byer–Roundy method indicated that the modified SBT ceramics are promising candidates for high temperature pyroelectric applications

  17. Kinetically controlled synthesis of AuPt bi-metallic aerogels and their enhanced electrocatalytic performances

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Shi, Qiurong [School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering; Washington State University; Pullman; USA; Zhu, Chengzhou [School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering; Washington State University; Pullman; USA; Du, Dan [School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering; Washington State University; Pullman; USA; Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology; Bi, Cuixia [Institute of Crystal Materials; Shandong University; Jinan 250100; P. R. China; Xia, Haibing [Institute of Crystal Materials; Shandong University; Jinan 250100; P. R. China; Feng, Shuo [School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering; Washington State University; Pullman; USA; Engelhard, Mark H. [Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Richland; USA; Lin, Yuehe [School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering; Washington State University; Pullman; USA

    2017-01-01

    Kinetically controlled synthesis of AuPtxbi-metallic hydrogels/aerogels was efficiently achieved for the first timeviatuning the reaction temperature or adding a surfactant.

  18. The crystal structure of kudriavite, (Cd,Pb)Bi2S4

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Balic Zunic, Tonci; Makovicky, Emil

    2007-01-01

    The crystal structure of kudriavite, (Cd,Pb)Bi2S4, a new mineral species, was solved from single-crystal X-ray-diffraction data and refi ned to R = 4.9% (4.3% for a model with split mixed-cation sites). Lattice parameters are a 13.095(1), b 4.0032(3), c 14.711(1) Å, 115.59(1)°, V 695.6(1) Å3....... The structure is equivalent to that of synthetic CdBi2S4, space group C2/m, Z = 4, and represents a pavonite homologue, N = 3. It is built of three-octahedron-thick columns of (311)PbS-like slabs combined by "unitcell twinning" in a quasi-mirror-glide succession. The slabs, which are intrinsically of the same...... topology, differ in the coordination state of bordering cations because of the relative positions of the adjacent layers. In the slabs of type I (the "non-accreting" slab common to all pavonite homologues), the central columns of octahedra are fl anked by half-octahedral (square-pyramidal) coordinations...

  19. Investigation of corrosion resistance of 18Cr-14NNi-1.5Si austenitic steel in molten PbBi eutectic

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rivai, A.K.; Heinzel, H.; Effendi, N.

    2013-01-01

    Full-text: The development of high corrosion resistant materials for the fuel cladding and structural materials in liquid lead-bismuth (Pb-Bi) eutectic environment especially at high temperature is a critical issue for the deployment of LFR (Lead alloy-cooled fast reactor) and ADS (Accelerator driven Transmutation System). Pb-Bi eutectic is a coolant for LFR which is one of the future nuclear reactors in the world (Generation IV reactors), and also a spallation target material and a coolant for ADS. In this study, corrosion test of an austenitic steel was done in COSTA Pb-Bi eutectic corrosion test facility at Pulsed Power and Microwave Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany. The sample was an 18Cr-14Ni-1.5Si austenitic steel which has been developed in Center For Technology of Nuclear Industry Materials, Indonesian National Nuclear Energy Agency. The test was done in stagnant molten Pb-Bi eutectic at 550 degree Celsius of temperature for about 300 hours with an oxygen concentration of 1 x 10 -6 wt %. The characterization was carried out using OM (Optical Microscope), SEM-EDS (Scanning Electron Microscope and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscope) and AFM (Atomic Force Microscope). The corrosion test result showed the formation of a duplex oxide layer for example an outer iron oxide layer with about 3-3.4 μm in thickness. Furthermore, there was no penetration of Pb-Bi into the bulk of the specimen because of the protection from the protective oxide layer. (author)

  20. The dispersive optical model for n + [sup 208]Pb and n + [sup 209]Bi

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Walter, R.L. (Dept. of Physics, Duke Univ., Durham, NC (United States) Triangle Univ. Nuclear Lab., Durham, NC (United States)); Weisel, G.J. (Dept. of Physics, Duke Univ., Durham, NC (United States) Triangle Univ. Nuclear Lab., Durham, NC (United States)); Das, R.K. (Dept. of Physics, Duke Univ., Durham, NC (United States) Triangle Univ. Nuclear Lab., Durham, NC (United States)); Tornow, W. (Dept. of Physics, Duke Univ., Durham, NC (United States) Triangle Univ. Nuclear Lab., Durham, NC (United States)); Howell, C.R. (Dept. of Physics, Duke Univ., Durham, NC (United States) Triangle Univ. Nuclear Lab., Durham, NC (United States))

    1993-06-01

    The dispersive optical model (DOM) provides a natural connection between the shell model potential for bound states and the optical model for nucleon scattering at positive energies. At TUNL we have developed DOMs for neutron scattering for ten nuclei between [sup 27]Al and [sup 209]Bi. In these studies we rely on TUNL measurements of differential cross-section ([sigma]([theta])) and analyzing power, as well as a wealth of [sigma]([theta]) and total cross section measurements from numerous other laboratories. In this paper we briefly outline the DOM method and the achievements in describing scattering data for n + [sup 208]Pb and n + [sup 209]Bi and single-particle bound-state data for neutrons in [sup 208]Pb. (orig.)

  1. Target fragmentation in 1 A GeV Au + Pb reaction

    CERN Document Server

    Grabez, B

    1999-01-01

    We investigated the production of target fragments in interaction of 1 A GeV Au projectile with Pb. The behaviour of the atomic numbers of fragments and of the relative velocities has been examined in dependence of the centrality of collision. The results have been compared with the data of other authors obtained for projectile fragmentation.

  2. Contactless flowrate sensors for Na, PbBi and Pb flows

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Buchenau, D.; Gerbeth, G.; Priede, J.

    2011-01-01

    Accurate and reliable flow rate measurements are required for various liquid metal systems such as the Na or Lead-flows in fast reactors, the PbBi-flows in transmutation systems, or the flows in liquid metal targets. For liquid metal flows, a contactless measurement is preferable. In this paper we report on the recent development of two types of such flow meters. The former operates by detecting the flow-induced disturbance in the phase distribution of an externally applied AC magnetic field. Such a phase-shift flow meter was developed with an emitting coil at one side of the duct and two sensing coils at the opposite side. The second approach uses a rotatable single cylindrical permanent magnet, which is placed close to the liquid metal duct. The rotation rate of this magnet is proportional to the flow rate. (author)

  3. Measurement of the mass attenuation coefficients and electron densities for BiPbSrCaCuO superconductor at different energies

    Science.gov (United States)

    Çevik, U.; Baltaş, H.

    2007-03-01

    The mass attenuation coefficients for Bi, Pb, Sr, Ca, Cu metals, Bi2O3, PbO, SrCO3, CaO, CuO compounds and solid-state forms of Bi1.7Pb0.3Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 superconductor were determined at 57.5, 65.2, 77.1, 87.3, 94.6, 122 and 136 keV energies. The samples were irradiated using a 57Co point source emitted 122 and 136 keV γ-ray energies. The X-ray energies were obtained using secondary targets such as Ta, Bi2O3 and (CH3COO)2UO22H2O. The γ- and X-rays were counted by a Si(Li) detector with a resolution of 0.16 keV at 5.9 keV. The effect of absorption edges on electron density, effective atomic numbers and their variation with photon energy in composite superconductor samples was discussed. Obtained values were compared with theoretical values.

  4. Neutron spectrum effects on TRU recycling in Pb-Bi cooled fast reactor core

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kim, Yong Nam; Kim, Jong Kyung; Park, Won Seok

    2003-01-01

    This study is intended to evaluate the dependency of TRU recycling characteristics on the neutron spectrum shift in a Pb-Bi cooled core. Considering two Pb-Bi cooled cores with the soft and the hard spectrum, respectively, various characteristics of the recycled core are carefully examined and compared with each other. Assuming very simplified fuel cycle management with the homogeneous and single region fuel loading, the burnup calculations are performed until the recycled core reached to the (quasi-) equilibrium state. The mechanism of TRU recycling toward the equilibrium is analyzed in terms of burnup reactivity and the isotopic compositions of TRU fuel. In the comparative analyses, the difference in the recycling behavior between the two cores is clarified. In addition, the basic safety characteristics of the recycled core are also discussed in terms of the Doppler coefficient, the coolant loss reactivity coefficient, and the effective delayed neutron fraction

  5. Trace- and rare-earth element geochemistry and Pb-Pb dating of black shales and intercalated Ni-Mo-PGE-Au sulfide ores in Lower Cambrian strata, Yangtze Platform, South China

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jiang, Shao-Yong; Chen, Yong-Quan; Ling, Hong-Fei; Yang, Jing-Hong; Feng, Hong-Zhen; Ni, Pei

    2006-08-01

    The Lower Cambrian black shale sequence of the Niutitang Formation in the Yangtze Platform, South China, hosts an extreme metal-enriched sulfide ore bed that shows >10,000 times enrichment in Mo, Ni, Se, Re, Os, As, Hg, and Sb and >1,000 times enrichment in Ag, Au, Pt, and Pd, when compared to average upper continental crust. We report in this paper trace- and rare-earth-element concentrations and Pb-Pb isotope dating for the Ni-Mo-PGE-Au sulfide ores and their host black shales. Both the sulfide ores and their host black shales show similar trace-element distribution patterns with pronounced depletion in Th, Nb, Hf, Zr, and Ti, and extreme enrichment in U, Ni, Mo, and V compared to average upper crust. The high-field-strength elements, such as Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, Sc, Th, rare-earth elements, Rb, and Ga, show significant inter-element correlations and may have been derived mainly from terrigenous sources. The redox sensitive elements, such as V, Ni, Mo, U, and Mn; base metals, such as Cu, Zn, and Pb; and Sr and Ba may have been derived from mixing of seawater and venting hydrothermal sources. The chondrite-normalized REE patterns, positive Eu and Y anomalies, and high Y/Ho ratios for the Ni-Mo-PGE-Au sulfide ores are also suggestive for their submarine hydrothermal-exhalative origin. A stepwise acid-leaching Pb-Pb isotope analytical technique has been employed for the Niutitang black shales and the Ni-Mo-PGE-Au sulfide ores, and two Pb-Pb isochron ages have been obtained for the black shales (531±24 Ma) and for the Ni-Mo-PGE-Au sulfide ores (521±54 Ma), respectively, which are identical and overlap within uncertainty, and are in good agreement with previously obtained ages for presumed age-equivalent strata.

  6. An improved method for the separation of 210Bi and 210Po from 210Pb by using solid-phase extraction disk membranes: environmental applications

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Marley, N.A.; Gaffney, J.S.; Orlandini, K.A.; Cunningham, M.M.; Drayton, P.J.

    1999-01-01

    An improved method is described for the rapid separation of 210 Bi and 210 Po from the parent radionuclide, 210 Pb, in environmental samples. After the metals were leached from a variety of matrices, they were converted to their anionic chloride complexes by addition of 1 M HCl. These complexes can be separated by solid-phase extraction with disk extraction membranes impregnated with anionic chelating particles. This separation technique takes advantage of the differences in sorption behavior of the chloride complexes to strongly basic anion exchange groups. The extraction membranes can then be counted directly for 210 Bi and 210 Po. If sufficient time is allowed for ingrowth of the daughter, the concentration of the parent 210 Pb in the original sample can be determined from the concentration of 210 Bi. In addition, the ratios of 210 Bi/ 210 Pb and 210 Po/ 210 Pb can be obtained by immediate extraction of 210 Bi followed by ingrowth of 210 Bi for a second determination to establish 210 Pb concentration levels. This can be accomplished easily in order to estimate the residence times of atmospheric aerosols or aqueous colloidal materials. This new technique avoids the time consuming extraction, precipitation, and electroplating procedures used previously and eliminates the experimental errors associated with multiple sample manipulations. (orig.)

  7. Effect of composition on the fabrication and properties of Ag-Cu alloy sheathed (Bi,Pb)2223 tapes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nakamura, Yuichi; Nakashima, Sohei; Inada, Ryoji; Oota, Akio

    2004-01-01

    To achieve high J c values as well as high mechanical strength, the effects of Ag-Cu alloy sheath and initial composition of precursor on the microstructure and J c properties of Ag-Cu alloy sheathed tapes were investigated. The alkaline-earth cuprate particles were found to form preferentially near the interface between superconducting core and sheath. Although the worse (Bi,Pb)2223 purity and microstructure of alloy sheathed tapes, the reduction of J c values of the tapes was small especially in 7-filaments tapes. This might be explained by the well grain alignment of (Bi,Pb)2223 into the middle region of the filament due to the high strength of alloy sheath. The usage of the Cu deficient composition was effective to reduce the total amount of 14:24 particle while the filament thickness should be thin to maintain J c values for Ag-Cu alloy sheathed tapes due to the lack of Cu diffusion from the sheath to convert 2212 into (Bi,Pb) in the middle region of the filament

  8. Dominance of Plasmonic Resonant Energy Transfer over Direct Electron Transfer in Substantially Enhanced Water Oxidation Activity of BiVO4 by Shape-Controlled Au Nanoparticles.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lee, Mi Gyoung; Moon, Cheon Woo; Park, Hoonkee; Sohn, Woonbae; Kang, Sung Bum; Lee, Sanghan; Choi, Kyoung Jin; Jang, Ho Won

    2017-10-01

    The performance of plasmonic Au nanostructure/metal oxide heterointerface shows great promise in enhancing photoactivity, due to its ability to confine light to the small volume inside the semiconductor and modify the interfacial electronic band structure. While the shape control of Au nanoparticles (NPs) is crucial for moderate bandgap semiconductors, because plasmonic resonance by interband excitations overlaps above the absorption edge of semiconductors, its critical role in water splitting is still not fully understood. Here, first, the plasmonic effects of shape-controlled Au NPs on bismuth vanadate (BiVO 4 ) are studied, and a largely enhanced photoactivity of BiVO 4 is reported by introducing the octahedral Au NPs. The octahedral Au NP/BiVO 4 achieves 2.4 mA cm -2 at the 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, which is the threefold enhancement compared to BiVO 4 . It is the highest value among the previously reported plasmonic Au NPs/BiVO 4 . Improved photoactivity is attributed to the localized surface plasmon resonance; direct electron transfer (DET), plasmonic resonant energy transfer (PRET). The PRET can be stressed over DET when considering the moderate bandgap semiconductor. Enhanced water oxidation induced by the shape-controlled Au NPs is applicable to moderate semiconductors, and shows a systematic study to explore new efficient plasmonic solar water splitting cells. © 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  9. Synthesis and structural characterization of a novel Sillén - Aurivillius bismuth oxyhalide, PbBi3VO7.5Cl, and its derivatives

    Science.gov (United States)

    Charkin, Dmitri O.; Plokhikh, Igor V.; Kazakov, Sergey M.; Kalmykov, Stepan N.; Akinfiev, Victor S.; Gorbachev, Anatoly V.; Batuk, Maria; Abakumov, Artem M.; Teterin, Yury A.; Maslakov, Konstantin I.; Teterin, Anton Yu; Ivanov, Kirill E.

    2018-01-01

    A new Sillén - Aurivillius family of layered bismuth oxyhalides has been designed and successfully constructed on the basis of PbBiO2X (X = halogen) synthetic perites and γ-form of Bi2VO5.5 solid electrolyte. This demonstrates, for the first time, the ability of the latter to serve as a building block in construction of mixed-layer structures. The parent compound PbBi3VO7.5-δCl (δ ≤ 0.05) has been investigated by powder XRD, TEM, XPS methods and magnetic susceptibility measurements. An unexpected but important condition for the formation of the mixed-layer structure is partial (ca. 5%) reduction of VV into VIV which probably suppresses competitive formation of apatite-like Pb - Bi vanadates. This reduction also stabilizes the γ polymorphic form of Bi2VO5.5 not only in the intergrowth structure, but in Bi2V1-xMxO5.5-y (M = Nb, Sb) solid solutions.

  10. Fission of {sup 209}Bi and {sup 197}Au nuclei induced by 30 MeV protons

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Noshad, Houshyar; Soheyli, Saeed [Amir-Kabir University of Technology, Physics and Nuclear Science Department, Tehran (Iran); Lamehi-Rachti, Mohammad [Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI), Nuclear Research Center, Van de Graaff Laboratory, Tehran (Iran)

    2001-10-01

    Thin targets of {sup 209}Bi and {sup 197}Au were bombarded with 30 MeV protons at the Cyclotron Department of Nuclear Research Center for Agriculture and Medicine (NRCAM). Correlated measurements of kinetic energies of fission fragment pairs, and their time-of-flights were made using pair spectrometry. The fission cross sections, fragment mass distributions, and total kinetic energy distributions of the fragments were measured in our experiment. The accurate values of cross sections for fission of {sup 209}Bi and {sup 197}Au nuclei with 30 MeV protons were obtained to be 1,100{+-}100 and 62{+-}5.6 {mu}b, respectively. The cross section of {sup 209}Bi fission with its associated error, through using this method, has not been reported previously. The interpretation in terms of liquid-drop model of fissioning nucleus {sup 210}Po at the excitation energy of 35 MeV was confirmed by the dispersion of the distribution in fragment mass for bismuth fission. (author)

  11. Electronic energy loss of low velocity H+ beams in Al, Ag, Sb, Au and Bi

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Valdes, J.E.; Martinez Tamayo, G.; Lantschner, G.H.; Eckardt, J.C.; Arista, N.R.

    1993-01-01

    The energy loss of H + ions in thin polycrystalline Al, Sb, Ag, Au and Bi films has been determined in the energy range below 10 keV. This low-energy range is of special interest to fill a lack of low-energy experimental data and test various theoretical predictions and semiempirical formulas. We find that the general theoretical prediction of a velocity-proportional dependence of energy loss does not hold for all targets studied in this work. The velocity-proportionality is better satisfied for Al, Sb and Bi, whereas a departure from such dependence is observed at lower energies for Ag and Au targets. The results obtained here are in good general agreement with nonlinear stopping power calculations based on density functional theory. Comparison with semiempirical predictions, and other experimental results are also done. (orig.)

  12. Construction of an all-solid-state artificial Z-scheme system consisting of Bi2WO6/Au/CdS nanostructure for photocatalytic CO2 reduction into renewable hydrocarbon fuel

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Meng; Han, Qiutong; Li, Liang; Tang, Lanqin; Li, Haijin; Zhou, Yong; Zou, Zhigang

    2017-07-01

    An all-solid-state Bi2WO6/Au/CdS Z-scheme system was constructed for the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 into methane in the presence of water vapor. This Z-scheme consists of ultrathin Bi2WO6 nanoplates and CdS nanoparticles as photocatalysts, and a Au nanoparticle as a solid electron mediator offering a high speed charge transfer channel and leading to more efficient spatial separation of electron-hole pairs. The photo-generated electrons from the conduction band (CB) of Bi2WO6 transfer to the Au, and then release to the valence band (VB) of CdS to recombine with the holes of CdS. It allows the electrons remaining in the CB of CdS and holes in the VB of Bi2WO6 to possess strong reduction and oxidation powers, respectively, leading the Bi2WO6/Au/CdS to exhibit high photocatalytic reduction of CO2, relative to bare Bi2WO6, Bi2WO6/Au, and Bi2WO6/CdS. The depressed hole density on CdS also enhances the stability of the CdS against photocorrosion.

  13. Influence of conditions of preparation on quality of superconductors Bi(Pb)SrCaCuO with boron

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sykorova, D.; Smrckova, O.; Ptrydes, D.; Vasek, P.

    1999-01-01

    The aim of this work was to verify influence of B 2 O 3 on formation of the phase Bi-2223 of samples with nominal composition Bi 1.8 (Pb 0.26 )Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 8+x . Conditions of preparation of superconductors as well as their properties are described

  14. Study of Bi-2212 phase doped Sn(Pb) by means of pat

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ma Qingzhu; Huang Xiaoqian; Xiong Xiaotao

    1997-01-01

    Investigation on the effect of Sn/Pb-doped Bi-2212 superconductors has been carried out by the simultaneous measurements of the spectra of positron annihilation lifetime and positron Doppler broadening, together with X-ray diffraction. The results of samples with different doping level show the occupation of Sn atoms on Bi sites. At weak doping level, Sn doping results in a enhancement of cooperation between layers and increment of superconducting transition temperature. At the strong doping level, Sn atoms occupy the sites of Cu-O layers, and at the same time, the other nonsuperconducting phases appear, which results in a decline of the superconducting transition temperature

  15. Measurements of neutron-induced fission cross sections of Pb and Bi at intermediate energies

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ryzhov, Igor; Tutin, Gennady; Eismont, Vilen; Mitryukhin, Andrey; Oplavin, Valery; Soloviev, Sergey; Conde, Henri; Olsson, Nils; Renberg, Per-Ulf

    2002-01-01

    Neutron-induced fission cross sections of nat Pb and 209 Bi have been measured relative to the 238 U(n.f) cross section at energies 96 MeV for lead and 133 MeV for bismuth. The measurements were performed at the quasi-mono-energetic neutron beam facility of The Svedberg Laboratory in Uppsala using Frisch-gridded ionization chamber. The results obtained are compared with other experimental data. The present state of the Bi standard recommended by IAEA is discussed. (author)

  16. Martensitic transformation behavior in Ti–Ni–X (Ag, In, Sn, Sb, Te, Tl, Pb, Bi) ternary alloys

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Jang, Jai-young; Chun, Su-jin; Kim, Nam-suk; Cho, Jeung-won; Kim, Jae-hyun [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gazwadong, Jinju, Gyeongnam 660-701 (Korea, Republic of); Yeom, Jong-taek [Light Metal Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon 642-831 (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Jae-il [Materials Science and Engineering, University of Dong-A, Hadan-dong, Saha-gu, Busan 604-714 (Korea, Republic of); Nam, Tae-hyun, E-mail: tahynam@gnu.ac.kr [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gazwadong, Jinju, Gyeongnam 660-701 (Korea, Republic of)

    2013-12-15

    Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • Ag, In and Sn were soluble in TiNi matrix, while Sb, Te, Tl, Pb and Bi were not. • The B2-R-B19′transformation occurred in Ti-Ni-(Ag, In, Sn) alloys. • Solid solution hardening was essential for inducing the B2-R transformation. - Abstract: The microstructures and transformation behaviors of Ti–Ni–X (Ag, In, Sn, Sb, Te, Tl, Pb, Bi) ternary alloys were investigated using electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Micro Vickers hardness tests. All specimens consisted of Ti–Ni matrices and second phase particles. Ag, In and Sn were soluble in Ti–Ni matrices with a limited solubility (≤1.0 at%), while Sb, Te, Tl, Pb and Bi were not soluble. Two-stage B2-R-B19′ transformation occurred in Ti–48.8Ni–1.2Ag, Ti–49.0Ni–1.0In and Ti–49.0Ni–1.0Sn alloys, while one-stage B2-B19′ transformation occurred in Ti–49.0Ni–1.0Ag, Ti–49.0Ni–1.0Sb, Ti–49.0Ni–1.0Te, Ti–49.0Ni–1.0Pb and Ti–49.0Ni–1.0Bi alloys. Micro Vickers hardness of the alloys displaying the B2-R-B19′ transformation (Hv 250–368) was much larger than that (

  17. Martensitic transformation behavior in Ti–Ni–X (Ag, In, Sn, Sb, Te, Tl, Pb, Bi) ternary alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jang, Jai-young; Chun, Su-jin; Kim, Nam-suk; Cho, Jeung-won; Kim, Jae-hyun; Yeom, Jong-taek; Kim, Jae-il; Nam, Tae-hyun

    2013-01-01

    Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • Ag, In and Sn were soluble in TiNi matrix, while Sb, Te, Tl, Pb and Bi were not. • The B2-R-B19′transformation occurred in Ti-Ni-(Ag, In, Sn) alloys. • Solid solution hardening was essential for inducing the B2-R transformation. - Abstract: The microstructures and transformation behaviors of Ti–Ni–X (Ag, In, Sn, Sb, Te, Tl, Pb, Bi) ternary alloys were investigated using electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Micro Vickers hardness tests. All specimens consisted of Ti–Ni matrices and second phase particles. Ag, In and Sn were soluble in Ti–Ni matrices with a limited solubility (≤1.0 at%), while Sb, Te, Tl, Pb and Bi were not soluble. Two-stage B2-R-B19′ transformation occurred in Ti–48.8Ni–1.2Ag, Ti–49.0Ni–1.0In and Ti–49.0Ni–1.0Sn alloys, while one-stage B2-B19′ transformation occurred in Ti–49.0Ni–1.0Ag, Ti–49.0Ni–1.0Sb, Ti–49.0Ni–1.0Te, Ti–49.0Ni–1.0Pb and Ti–49.0Ni–1.0Bi alloys. Micro Vickers hardness of the alloys displaying the B2-R-B19′ transformation (Hv 250–368) was much larger than that (< Hv 200) of the alloys displaying the B2-B19′ transformation. Solid solution hardening was an important factor for inducing the B2-R transformation in Ti–Ni–X (X = non-transition elements) alloys

  18. Effect of copper valence on the glass structure and crystallization behavior of Bi-Pb-Cu-O glasses

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hu, Yi; Lin, U.-L.; Liu, N.-H.

    1997-01-01

    Bi 0.43 Pb 0.35 Cu 0.22 O y glasses with different Cu + contents were prepared by melting at different temperatures. The glass structure consists of [BiO 3 [ and [BiO 6 [ units and the ratio of [BiO 3 [/[BiO 6 [ increases with increasing Cu + content. The glass transition temperature, the first crystallization temperature peak, and the thermal stability of the glasses decreases with increasing Cu + content. The value of the activation energy, E a , varies as a function of the Cu + content. The crystallization mechanism in the glasses is closely related to the glass structure, which is mainly affected by the Cu + content. (orig.)

  19. Pionic 4f-3d X-rays from 208Pb and 209Bi

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Olin, A.; Forsman, J.W.; MacDonald, J.A.; Marshall, G.M.; Numao, T.; Poffenberger, P.R.; Van Esbroek, P.; Kunselman, A.R.; Olaniyi, B.H.

    1985-01-01

    The X-ray energies and widths of the pionic 4f-3d and 5g-4f transitions have been measured in 208 Pb and 209 Bi. The 3d widths obtained are in reasonable agreement with theory, and do not support the anomalously small values previously reported. (orig.)

  20. Analysis of photofission reactions of 235U, 238U, 232Th, 209Bi, natPb, 197Au, natPt, natW, 181Ta, and 27Al by photons of 69 MeV

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Paiva, Eduardo de

    1997-04-01

    Fission reactions induced in 235 U, 238 U, 232 Th, 209 Bi nat Pb, 197 Au, nat Pt, nat W, 181 Ta. and 27 Al nuclei by monochromatic photons of 69 MeV produced at the LADON facility of the Frascati National Laboratories (INFN-LNF, Frascati, Italy) have been analyzed on the basis of a simplified two-step model. In the first step of the reaction the incoming photon is considered to be absorbed by a neutron-proton pair ('quasi-deuteron') leading to excitation of the nucleus, followed, in the second step, by a mechanism of particle evaporation-fission competition for the excited residual nucleus. Estimates of nuclear fissility at 69 MeV show to be critically dependent on the parameter r (ratio of the level-density parameter at the fission saddle point to the level-density parameter of the residual nucleus after neutron evaporation), which can be determined in a semiempirical way from induced fission reaction data for various nuclei obtained at 60 - 80 MeV of excitation energy. Fissilities calculated by means of the simplified photofission reactions model are then compared with experimental data available in the literature. (author)

  1. Specific heat (1-330K), magnetic susceptiblity and Meissner effect Bi-(Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O samples

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Junod, A.; Eckert, D.; Triscone, G.; Brunner, O.; Muller, J.; Zhao, Z.

    1989-01-01

    Five samples in the Bi 2 - y Pb y Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8 + x system selected for their sharp diamagnetic transitions are characterized with particular emphasis on the specific heat. The behavior of the magnetic susceptibility upon doping with holes (Pb) is similar to that of the La 1 - y Sr y CuO 4 system

  2. Study of the most violent collisions in Kr + Au and Pb + Au reactions close to 30 MeV per nucleon

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Galin, J.

    1991-01-01

    Within the past two years, the use of the high efficiency, sectorized 4π neutron detector, ORION, enabled a new approach in the investigation of nuclear collisions between very heavy nuclei. This talk discusses recent developments of this technique applied to Kr + Au and Pb + Au reactions induced at 32 and 29 MeV per nucleon respectively. The effectiveness of the neutron multiplicity meter as a filter on the violence of the collision is presented and the characteristics of the most violent collisions examined in some detail by considering associated charged particles

  3. Enhancement of critical currents in bulk and Ag-sheathed Bi(Pb)-2223 superconductors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Brauer, D.J.; Eujen, R.; Hudepohl, J.

    1991-01-01

    This paper reports on the superconducting properties of the Bi(Pb)-2223 phase that have been optimized. Prolonged annealing of coarse powder raised j c in bulk samples to as high as 1100 Acm -2 at 77 K. the temperature dependence was studied between 96 and 4.2 K whereby j c rose gradually from 120 to 2100 Acm -2 . T c dropped from 107 K to 64 K in magnetic fields up to 4 T but decreased by only 1 K/T in higher fields. A tape prepared by rolling and subsequent annealing of Ag tubes containing Bi(Pb)-2223 powder exhibited a j c of 1700 Acm -2 at 77 K and 11000 Acm -2 at 4.2 K. The latter j c dropped to 3000 Acm -2 in a magnetic field of 0.25 t, but it was still 1200 Acm -2 in a 10 T field. A tape fabricated by pressing a drawn and annealed wire proved to be less sensitive to low magnetic fields

  4. Excitation functions of parameters extracted from three-source (net-)proton rapidity distributions in Au-Au and Pb-Pb collisions over an energy range from AGS to RHIC

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gao, Li-Na; Liu, Fu-Hu [Shanxi University, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Taiyuan, Shanxi (China); Sun, Yan; Sun, Zhu [Shanxi Datong University, Department of Physics, Datong, Shanxi (China); Lacey, Roy A. [Stony Brook University, Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Stony Brook, NY (United States)

    2017-03-15

    Experimental results of the rapidity spectra of protons and net-protons (protons minus antiprotons) emitted in gold-gold (Au-Au) and lead-lead (Pb-Pb) collisions, measured by a few collaborations at the alternating gradient synchrotron (AGS), super proton synchrotron (SPS), and relativistic heavy ion collider (RHIC), are described by a three-source distribution. The values of the distribution width σ{sub C} and fraction k{sub C} of the central rapidity region, and the distribution width σ{sub F} and rapidity shift Δy of the forward/backward rapidity regions, are then obtained. The excitation function of σ{sub C} increases generally with increase of the center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair √(s{sub NN}). The excitation function of σ{sub F} shows a saturation at √(s{sub NN}) = 8.8 GeV. The excitation function of k{sub C} shows a minimum at √(s{sub NN}) = 8.8 GeV and a saturation at √(s{sub NN}) ∼ 17 GeV. The excitation function of Δy increases linearly with ln(√(s{sub NN})) in the considered energy range. (orig.)

  5. Synthesis of the phase with T sub c =110 K in Bi(Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconducting ceramics. Sintez fazy T sub c =110 K sverkhprovodyashchej keramiki sostava Bi(Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Dubovitskij, A V; Makarov, E F; Makova, M K; Merzhanov, V A; Topnikov, V N [AN SSSR, Moscow (USSR). Inst. Khimicheskoj Fiziki

    1991-05-01

    Synthesis of 110 K single-phase bismuth ceramics (BiPb){sub 2}Sr{sub 2}Ca{sub n-1}Cu{sub n}O{sub x} was conducted in narrow temperature and time range. Diffusion of bismuth ions is proposed to be the decisive factor of synthesis of bismuth ceramics. The diffusion depends on prehistory of basic burden preparation and on its dispersivity and homogeneity in particluar. Optimal time of synthesis for lead doped ceramics of 2223 composition, synthesized from initial nitrate components, is equal to 65 h at 850 deg C. The role of Pb{sup 2+} ions is probably reduced to decrease of diffusion mobility of Bi{sup 3+} ions over the bismuth sublattice. Ceramics doping with CdO and CdCl{sub 2} compounds instead of lead stabilizes superconductivity in bismuth ceramics, but with worth superconducting parameters.

  6. Synthesis and evaluation of tetraphosphonates labelled with {sup 212}Bi, {sup 212}Pb and {sup 165}Er

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hassfjell, S.P

    1997-08-01

    The main goal of this work has been to achieve a synthesis of radiolabelled phosphonates for the improvement of diagnostic and therapy of osteoblastic osteosarcoma and sclerotic bone metastases. {sup 212}Bi-DOTMP is shown to be an in vivo stable bone seeking radiopharmaceutical with a potential for a {alpha}-particle therapy of the above mentioned diseases. It has biodistribution characteristics similar to {sup 153}Sm-EDTMP, which is now formally approved in several countries, most recently in the US. {sup 212}Pb-DOTMP is also a promising candidate having the advantage of increasing the effective half life of the {alpha}-emitter, although loss of some of the in vivo generated {sup 212}Bi may be a problem. A generator has been developed for the production of the {alpha}-emitting radionuclide {sup 212}Bi and its parent nuclide {sup 212}Pb. The generator is based on the emanation of {sup 220}Rn from ({sup 228}Th)barium stearate. The decay product of {sup 220}Rn, {sup 212}Pb deposits on the walls of a polyethylene bottle, and can be wasted off with distilled water. The generator shows no leakage of any long-lived parent nuclides, is easy to operate and has a high degree of radiation safety.

  7. Evaluation of Two 300 MWe Fourth Generation Pb-Bi Reactor System Concepts

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Miller, Laurence F.; Khuram Khan, M.; Williams, Wesley; Mynatt, F.R.

    2002-01-01

    This paper describes the evaluation of two 300 MWe modular Pb-Bi cooled reactor system concepts that can be field assembled from components shipped on standard rail cars or on trucks. Thus, the largest components must be smaller than 12' x 12' x 80' (3.66 m x 3.66 m x 24.4 m) and should weigh no more than 80 tons. One of these systems utilizes a cylindrical two-loop containment vessel for the core and the other is a slab design. The fuel for both designs consists of standard-sized metallic IFR fuel in 17 x 17 square array assemblies with a pitch-to-diameter ratio of 1.15. The coolant outlet temperature is limited by current material technology, which is estimated to be 550 C. The primary coolant inlet temperature is selected to be 350 C. This is well above the melting temperature of Pb-Bi, and it is expected to be sufficiently high to limit transient-induced thermal stresses to acceptable values. Coolant flow rates through the core and external piping are below 1 m/s. The results from neutronics calculations include power distributions, reactivity coefficients, and fuel depletion, and results from heat transfer calculations include temperatures and flow rates at various locations in the primary and secondary systems. The neutronic design calculations are accomplished by using a discrete ordinate transport code and a cross section processing system developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Two-dimensional flux distributions are obtained with the DOORS system, and ORIGEN-S, coupled with KENO, is used for time-dependent depletion calculations. The thermal-hydraulic design of the core consists of heat transfer and fluid flow calculation for an average channel. The inlet and outlet temperatures, along with the fuel centerline temperature, are determined in conjunction with core flow rates, pumping power, and total power output. This is accomplished by using a lumped parameter steady-state model with a spreadsheet and by using a one-dimensional time-dependent model

  8. Decay of mass-separated 3.0min 195gBi to levels in 195Pb and shape coexistence in the neutron-deficient odd-mass Pb isotopes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Griffin, J.C.; Braga, R.A.; Fink, R.W.; Bingham, C.R.; Coenen, E.; Huyse, M.; Duppen, P. van

    1991-01-01

    The radioactive decay of mass-separated 3.0 m 195g Bi to 195 Pb has been studied with the UNISOR and LISOL facilities. Time-sequenced spectra of γ-rays, X-rays, and conversion electrons have been obtained, together with γγt, γXt, eγt, and eXt coincidence data. From this information, a decay scheme has been constructed consisting of 23 excited states and 34 transitions in 195 Pb. Transitions with E0 multipole admixtures, indicative of shape coexistence, have been found to de-excite positive-parity levels at 1093, 1329, and 1380 keV. The beta-decay energy of the 195 Bi ground state is deduced to be Q EC =4800 +600 -550 keV based on the measurement of γ-ray-gated K/β + ratios. The excitation energy of the i 13/2 isomer in 195 Pb has been determined to be 203±4 keV from the α-decays of 199m,g Po. (orig.)

  9. Magnetoresistance and magnetothermopower properties of Bi/Ca/Co/O and Bi(Pb)/Ca/Co/O misfit layer cobaltites

    CERN Document Server

    Maignan, A; Hervieu, M; Michel, C; Pelloquin, D; Khomskii, D

    2003-01-01

    Two new compounds of the Bi/Ca/Co/O and Bi(Pb)/Ca/Co/O systems have been prepared. Their structure is built up from the intergrowth of four rock-salt-type layers and one [CoO sub 2 ] hexagonal layer. Both cobaltites exhibit large thermopower values (S sub 3 sub 0 sub 0 sub K approx 140 mu V K sup - sup 1), low resistivity values (rho sub 3 sub 0 sub 0 sub K = 40-60 m OMEGA cm) and small thermal conductivities (kappa sub 3 sub 0 sub 0 sub K approx 1 W K sup - sup 1 m sup - sup 1). Furthermore, these compounds exhibit a negative magnetoresistance, (MR = rho sub H - rho sub H sub sub 0 /rho sub H sub = sub 0), reaching, at 2.5 K, - 85% in 7 T for the Bi/Ca/Co/O misfit cobaltite. A large negative magnetothermopower is also found for these cobaltites in the same temperature range. A qualitative explanation of the observed behaviour is proposed.

  10. Reliability of Pb free solder alloys. Physical and mechanical properties; Pb free handa no shinraisei. Butsuri kikaiteki shinraisei

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sanji, M; Yoshino, M; Ishikawa, J; Takenaka, O [Denso Corp., Aichi (Japan)

    1997-10-01

    Properties of 19 different Pb free solders have been evaluated in comparison with Sn-37Pb eutectic solder. Pb free solders without Bi were on the same level as Sn-37Pb in tensile strength and elongation, and those with Bi had higher strength and lower elongation than Sn-37Pb. As the Bi content increased, strength was higher, and elongation was lower. In torsion fatigue tests, fatigue life of Pb free solders without Bi was longer than Sn-37Pb. The relationships of Coffin-Manson rule and Basquin rule with fatigue life was applicable to Pb free solder. Fatigue life of those is inferred from their tensile strength. 7 refs., 13 figs., 1 tab.

  11. The sorption of 210Pb, 210Bi and 210Po on montmorillonite: a study with emphasis on reversibility aspects and on the effect of the radioactive decay of adsorbed nuclides

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ulrich, H.J.; Degueldre, C.

    1993-01-01

    The influence of the ionic strength and of pH on the adsorption/desorption processes of Pb, Bi and Po on montmorillonite has been investigated. For Pb, a strong dependence of the adsorption and desorption processes on the ionic strength was observed at pH d ) are measured. They range from 10 3 to 10 5 ml . g -1 for Pb and from 10 4 to 10 7 ml . g -1 for 210 Bi and 210 Po. When adsorption and desorption coefficients are compared, an agreement is found for both adsorption/desorption R d 's of Pb, whereas, for Bi and Po adsorption R d 's were several orders of magnitude lower than those obtained for desorption. The chemical activities of free Bi and Po in the liquid phase are limited by the formation of Bi and Po-colloids prior to the sorption step. This fact could explain the differences in the R d values. While the adsorption of Pb was reversible, only very small amounts of BI and Po could be desorbed from the montmorillonite (quasi-irreversible adsorption). The radioactive decay of adsorbed 210 Pb to 210 Bi, which in turn decays to 210 Po, can lead to significant changes in the desorption behaviour of the daughter nuclides. Whereas the sorption is nearly irreversible if Bi and Po adsorb on montmorillonite from the aqueous phase, they desorb more easily if they are generated by the radioactive decay of adsorbed 210 Pb. The difference in the distribution coefficients R d is approximately one order of magnitude in the case of Po, and more than 2 orders of magnitude in the case of Bi. (orig.)

  12. Dynamical effects in heavy ion collisions: neck emission in the Pb + Au system at 29 A.MeV

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Aboufirassi, M; Bizard, G.; Bougault, R.; Brou, R.; Buta, A.; Colin, J.; Cussol, D.; Durand, D.; Genoux-Lubain, A.; Horn, D.; Kerambrun, A.; Laville, J.L.; Le Brun, C.; Lecolley, J.F.; Lefebvres, F.; Lopez, O.; Louvel, M.; Meslin, C.; Metivier, V.; Nakagawa, T.; Peter, J.; Popescu, R.; Regimbart, R.; Steckmeyer, J.C.; Tamain, B.; Vient, E.; Wieloch, A.; Yuasa-Nakagawa, K.

    1998-01-01

    In the study of the Pb + Au system with the assembly NAUTILUS a special class of events were made evident. Three body complete events have allowed observing a dynamical behavior in the fragment emission. A plot of the correlation between the emission angle and the charges Z 1 and Z 2 of the two fragments associated to the event shows a contribution of an intermediate mass third fragment reflecting a dynamical emission subsequent to the interaction phase between the two partners of the deep inelastic scattering (a phenomenon featuring the neck emission). Such a process has been observed in the Kr + Au at 60 MeV/nucleon and Xe + Cu at 50 MeV/nucleon. The on-going analysis of the Xe + Sn at 50 MeV/nucleon reveals the existence of a similar mechanism. A complete kinematical analysis of this class of events has permitted making evident the impact parameter window, here implied; it is situated for the associated collisions to an reduced impact parameter around 0.8 b max , corresponding to an excitation energy for the bi-nucleus system of the order of 2 MeV/nucleon. This phenomenon may allow to constrain more strongly the models describing the dynamics of the heavy ion collisions, particularly the kinetic models of Landau-Vlasov type. Then, the different mean field potential prescriptions my be tested by comparison with the experimental data

  13. Some Peculiarities in the Interaction of $^{6}$He with $^{197}$Au and $^{206}$Pb

    CERN Document Server

    Penionzhkevich, Yu E; Demekhina, N A; Dlouhý, Z; Kalpakchieva, R; Kulko, A A; Lobastov, S P; Lukyanov, S M; Markaryan, E R; Maslov, V A; Muzycjka, Yu A; Oganessian, Yu T; Rassadov, D N; Skobelev, N K; Sobolev, Yu G; Ugryumov, V Yu; Vincour, J; Zholdybaev, T

    2005-01-01

    Excitation functions were measured for fusion followed by the evaporation of neutrons in the reactions $^{206}$Pb($^{6}$He, 2$n$)$^{210}$Po and $^{197}$Au($^{6}$He, $xn$)$^{203 - xn}$Tl, where $x$ = 2-7, as well as for the transfer reactions on a $^{197}$Au target with the formation of the $^{196}$Au, $^{198}$Au and $^{199}$Au isotopes. The experiment was carried out at the Dubna Radioactive Ion Beams (DRIBs) complex of FLNR, JINR. The $^{6}$He-beam intensity was about 5$\\cdot$10$^{6 }$ s$^{-1}$, the maximum energy being (60.3$\\pm $0.4) MeV. A significant increase in the cross section was observed below the Coulomb barrier for the fusion reaction with the evaporation of two neutrons compared to statistical model calculations. Unusual behaviour for the production of $^{198}$Au is observed, whereas the cross section for the formation of $^{199}$Au is very low. The analysis of the data in the framework of the statistical model for the decay of excited nuclei, which took into account the sequential fusion of $^{6...

  14. Diffuse scattering from the liquid-vapor interfaces of dilute Bi:Ga, Tl:Ga, and Pb:Ga alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Li Dongxu; Jiang Xu; Rice, Stuart A.; Lin Binhua; Meron, Mati

    2005-01-01

    As part of a study of the in-plane wave-vector (q xy ) dependence of the effective Hamiltonian for the liquid-vapor interface, H(q), the wave-vector dependences of diffuse x-ray scattering from the liquid-vapor interfaces of dilute alloys of Bi in Ga, Tl in Ga, and Pb in Ga have been measured. In these dilute alloys the solute component segregates as a monolayer that forms the outermost stratum of the liquid-vapor interfaces, and the density distribution along the normal to the interface is stratified. Over the temperature ranges that the alloy interfaces were studied, the Tl and Pb monolayers exhibit both crystalline and liquid phases while the Bi monolayer is always liquid. The diffuse scattering from the liquid-vapor interfaces of these alloys displays interesting differences with that from the liquid-vapor interface of pure Ga. The presence of a segregated monolayer of solute in the liquid-vapor interface of the alloy appears to slightly suppress the fluctuations in an intermediate wave-vector range in a fashion that preserves the validity of the macroscopic capillary wave model to smaller wavelengths than in pure liquid Ga, and there is an increase in diffuse scattering when the Tl and Pb monolayers melt. The surface intrinsic roughness from fitting the wave-vector dependence of surface tension is 5.0 pm for the Tl:Ga alloy and 1.4 pm for the Bi:Ga alloy. Also, a mode of excitation that contributes to diffuse scattering from the liquid-vapor interface of Pb in Ga, but does not contribute to diffuse scattering from the liquid-vapor interface of Ga, has been identified. It is proposed that this mode corresponds to the separation of the Pb and Ga layers in the regime 1 nm -1 ≤q xy ≤10 nm -1

  15. Electronic structure of bismuth in high-temperature superconductor Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2.5Cu3.5Oσ

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Band, I.M.; Egorovm, A.I.; Karazhanova, G.I.

    1990-01-01

    The shifts of K α1 X-ray of bismuth in the HTS-ceramic Bi 1.6 Pb 0.4 Sr 2 Ca 2.5 Cu 5 O σ and Bi 2 O 3 are measured experimentally. It is shown that bismuth is threevalent in the HTS-ceramic. From comparison of the experimental values of shifts with theoretical values calculated within the framework of different modifications of Hartree-Fock method the effective charge at the bismuth atoms in these compounds is determined: q(Bi 2 O 3 )=1.5+2.0, q(Bi 1.6 Pb 0.4 Sr 2 Ca 2.5 Cu 3.5 O σ )= 1.6+2.1. It was suggested, That the Bi significant covalence degree in HTS-ceramic may be a cause of noticeable contribution of the Bi 6p-states in the density of states at Fermi-level. 13 refs.; 1 fig.; 2 tabs

  16. Effect of Sintering Time on Superconducting Wire Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O With Dopant MgO Sheated Ag Using Powder in Tube Method

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hariyati Lubis

    2018-01-01

      DAFTAR PUSTAKA Abbas M.M., Abass L.K and Salman U., (2012, Influences of Sintering Time on the Tc of Bi2-xCuxPb0.3Sr2Ca2Cu3010+ High Temperature Superconductors, Energy Procedia 18, 215-224  Abbas, M.M., Abbas, L.K., Bahedh, H.S. 2015. Superconducting Properties of Bi2-SbxPb0,3Sr1,9Ba0,1Ca2Cu3O10+δ Compounds. Journal of Applied Science Research. 11. 22: 164-172 Darsono, N., Imaduddin, A., Raju, K., Yoon, D.H., (2015, Synthesis and Characterization of Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O7 Superconducting Oxide by High-Energy Milling, J Supercond Nov Magn. E. Chew,. (2010, Superconducting Transformer Design And Construction, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand. March Hamadneh, I., Halim, S. A., dan Lee, C. K., (2006,  Characterization of Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3Oy Ceramic Superconductor Prepared Via Coprecipitation Method at Different Sintering Time, J. Mater. Sci, 41: 5526-5530. Hermiz G.Y., Aljurani B.A., Beayaty M.A., (2014, Effect of Mn Substitution on the Superconducting Properties of Bi1.7Pb0,3Sr2Ca2-xMnxCu3O10+, International Journal Of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT. 3. 4: 213-217 John R Hull, (2003, Applications of high-temperature superconductors in power technology, Reports on Progress in Physics, Volume 66, Number 11 Lu, X.Y., Yi, D., Chen, H., Nagata, A. 2016. Effect of Sn, MgO and Ag2O mix-doping on the formation and superconducting properties of Bi-2223 Ag/tapes. Physics Procedia. 81: 129-132 Meretliev Sh., Sadykov K.B., Berkeliev A., (2000, Doping of High Temperature Superconductors, Turk J Phy.24: 39-48 Mohammed, N. H., Ramadhan A., Ali I. A., Ibrahim, I. H., dan Hassan, M. S, (2012, Optimizing the Preparation Conditions of Bi-2223 Superconducting Phase Using PbO and PbO2, Materials Sciences and Applications, 3: 224-233. Roumie, M., Marhaba, S., Awad R., Kork M., Hassan I., Mawassi R., (2014, Effect of Fe2O3 Nano-Oxide Addition on the Superconducting Properties of the (Bi,Pb-2223 Phase, Journal of Supercond Nov Magn, 27: 143-153 Serkan

  17. Positron lifetime studies of 100-MeV oxygen irradiated Pb-doped Bi-2223 superconductors

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Banerjee, T.; Viswanath, R.N.; Kanjilal, D.; Kumar, R.; Ramasamy, S.

    2000-01-01

    Positron lifetime studies have been carried out for unirradiated and 100-MeV oxygen ion irradiated Pb-doped Bi-2223 superconductors. The analysis of positron lifetime spectra revealed three lifetime components: a short lifetime, τ1 = 153–196 ps; an intermediate lifetime, τ2 = 269–339 ps; and a long

  18. Improving the mechanical performance of Sn57.6Bi0.4Ag solder joints on Au/Ni/Cu pads during aging and electromigration through the addition of tungsten (W) nanoparticle reinforcement

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Li, Yi, E-mail: yili64-c@my.cityu.edu.hk [Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong (Hong Kong); Luo, Kaiming; Lim, Adeline B.Y.; Chen, Zhong [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798 (Singapore); Wu, Fengshun [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan (China); Chan, Y.C. [Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong (Hong Kong)

    2016-07-04

    Sn57.6Bi0.4Ag solder has been reinforced successfully through the addition of tungsten (W) nanoparticles at a concentration of 0.5 wt%. With the addition of W nanoparticles, the solder matrix lamellar interphase spacing was reduced by 31.0%. Due to the dispersion of W nanoparticles and the consequently refined microstructure, the mechanical properties of the solder alloy were enhanced, as indicated by a 6.2% improvement in the microhardness. During the reflow of solder on Au/Ni/Cu pads, the entire Au layer dissolved into the molten solder rapidly and a large number of (Au,Ni)(Sn,Bi){sub 4} particles were formed. The fracture path of the as-reflowed joint was within the solder region, showing ductile characteristic, and the shear strength was reinforced by 8.2%, due to the enhanced mechanical properties of the solder. During the subsequent aging process, the Au migrated back towards the interface and a thick layer of interfacial (Au,Ni)(Sn,Bi){sub 4} IMC was formed, leading to the shift of the fracture path to the interfacial IMC region, the transformation to brittle fracture and the deterioration of the strength of the joint, due to Au embrittlement. By adding W nanoparticles, the migration of Au was mitigated and the thickness of the (Au,Ni)(Sn,Bi){sub 4} layer was reduced significantly, which reduced the Au embrittlement-induced deterioration of the strength of the joint. During electromigration, the segregation of the Bi-rich and Sn-rich phases and the accumulation of the (Au,Ni)(Sn,Bi){sub 4} layer at cathode interface were mitigated by the addition of W nanoparticles, which improved the electromigration resistance.

  19. Strata-bound Fe-Co-Cu-Au-Bi-Y-REE deposits of the Idaho Cobalt Belt: Multistage hydrothermal mineralization in a magmatic-related iron oxide copper-gold system

    Science.gov (United States)

    Slack, John F.

    2012-01-01

    Mineralogical and geochemical studies of strata-bound Fe-Co-Cu-Au-Bi-Y-rare-earth element (REE) deposits of the Idaho cobalt belt in east-central Idaho provide evidence of multistage epigenetic mineralization by magmatic-hydrothermal processes in an iron oxide copper-gold (IOCG) system. Deposits of the Idaho cobalt belt comprise three types: (1) strata-bound sulfide lenses in the Blackbird district, which are cobaltite and, less commonly, chalcopyrite rich with locally abundant gold, native bismuth, bismuthinite, xenotime, allanite, monazite, and the Be-rich silicate gadolinite-(Y), with sparse uraninite, stannite, and Bi tellurides, in a gangue of quartz, chlorite, biotite, muscovite, garnet, tourmaline, chloritoid, and/or siderite, with locally abundant fluorapatite or magnetite; (2) discordant tourmalinized breccias in the Blackbird district that in places have concentrations of cobaltite, chalcopyrite, gold, and xenotime; and (3) strata-bound magnetite-rich lenses in the Iron Creek area, which contain cobaltiferous pyrite and locally sparse chalcopyrite or xenotime. Most sulfide-rich deposits in the Blackbird district are enclosed by strata-bound lenses composed mainly of Cl-rich Fe biotite; some deposits have quartz-rich envelopes.Whole-rock analyses of 48 Co- and/or Cu-rich samples show high concentrations of Au (up to 26.8 ppm), Bi (up to 9.16 wt %), Y (up to 0.83 wt %), ∑REEs (up to 2.56 wt %), Ni (up to 6,780 ppm), and Be (up to 1,180 ppm), with locally elevated U (up to 124 ppm) and Sn (up to 133 ppm); Zn and Pb contents are uniformly low (≤821 and ≤61 ppm, respectively). Varimax factor analysis of bulk compositions of these samples reveals geochemically distinct element groupings that reflect statistical associations of monazite, allanite, and xenotime; biotite and gold; detrital minerals; chalcopyrite and sparse stannite; quartz; and cobaltite with sparse selenides and tellurides. Significantly, Cu is statistically separate from Co and As

  20. Analysis of the intermediate stage in the heavy ion interactions of {sup 208}Pb+{sup 197}Au and {sup 197}Au+{sup 197}Au

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Nasir, Tabassum [Department of Physics, Gomal University D.I. Khan (Pakistan); Khan, E.U. [Department of Physics, CIIT, Islamabad (Pakistan)], E-mail: ehsan@comsats.edu.pk; Baluch, J J [Department of Environmental Sciences, CIIT, Abbottabad (Pakistan); Qureshi, I E [Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Box 1114, Islamabad (Pakistan); Sajid, M; Shahzad, M I [Physics Division, PINSTECH, P.O. Nilore, Islamabad (Pakistan)

    2008-08-15

    Two different projectiles {sup 208}Pb and {sup 197}Au at the same energy (11.67MeV/u) have been bombarded on {sup 197}Au target to study heavy ion interactions using mica as a passive detector. In this paper we present results on the study of energy damping and time scale of the existence of di-nuclear composite system in the intermediate reaction step. The plots of Q-values as well as reaction cross sections in various angular bins of scattering angles suggest that K.E. damping was complete and dynamic equilibrium was established between the first and second reaction steps. The time scale of this duration was also determined.

  1. Structural studies of five layer Aurivillius oxides: A2Bi4Ti5O18 (A=Ca, Sr, Ba and Pb)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ismunandar; Kamiyama, T.; Hoshikawa, A.; Zhou, Q.; Kennedy, B.J.; Kubota, Y.; Kato, K.

    2004-01-01

    The room temperature structures of the five layer Aurivillius phases A 2 Bi 4 Ti 5 O 18 , (A=Ca, Sr, Ba and Pb) have been refined from powder neutron diffraction data using the Rietveld method. The structures consist of [Bi 2 O 2 ] 2+ layers interleaved with perovskite-like [A 2 Bi 2 Ti 5 O 16 ] 2- blocks. The structures were refined in the orthorhombic space group B2eb (SG. No. 41), Z=4, and the unit cell parameters of the oxides are a=5.4251(2), b=5.4034(1), c=48.486(1); a=5.4650(2), b=5.4625(3), c=48.852(1); a=5.4988(3), b=5.4980(4), c=50.352(1); a=5.4701(2), b=5.4577(2), c=49.643(1) for A=Ca, Sr, Ba and Pb, respectively. The structural features of the compounds were found similar to n=2-4 layers bismuth oxides. The strain caused by mismatch of cell parameter requirements for the [Bi 2 O 2 ] 2+ layers and perovskite-like [A 2 Bi 2 Ti 5 O 16 ] 2- blocks were relieved by tilting of the TiO 6 octahedra. Variable temperature synchrotron X-ray studies for Ca and Pb compounds showed that the orthorhombic structure persisted up to 675 and 475K, respectively. Raman spectra of the compounds are also presented

  2. Cross-sections of (p, xn) nuclear reactions on Pb and Bi by 100 MeV protons

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Oranj, Leila Mokhtari; Jung, Nam Suk; Oh, Joo Hee; Lee, Arim; Kim, Dong Hyun; Bae, Oryun; Lee, Hee Seock [POSTECH, Pohang (Korea, Republic of)

    2016-04-15

    The development of high-intensity and high-energy accelerator is gaining interest in Korea, in recent years. Rare Isotope Science Project (RISP), Pohang Accelerator Laboratory X-ray Free Electron Laser (PAL-XFEL), Korea Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator (KHIMA) facilities are being designed. In the frame of above projects, for the safety issue and shielding analysis of the accelerator facility, extensive studies including experimental and simulation on the production yields of residual nuclei induced in the accelerator materials such as Pb, Cu and Bi by protons and heavy ions are in progress. In this work, we measured cross-sections of {sup na}'tPb(p,xn){sup 206,205,204,20{sup ,202}}Bi and {sup 209}Bi(p, xn){sup 207,206,205,204},{sup 203}Po nuclear reactions by the 100-MeV protons. The present experimental data are in good agreement with the results of Titarenkoet al. and Gloris et al.. Experimental data were higher than theoretical data. In other words, results of TALYS code and data in TENDL library underestimated the measured crosss sections and library of TALYS code and TENDL need to be improved.

  3. Charge transfer and band bending at Au/Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 interfaces investigated by photoelectron spectroscopy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Apostol, Nicoleta G.; Stoflea, Laura E.; Lungu, George A.; Chirila, Cristina; Trupina, Lucian; Negrea, Raluca F.; Ghica, Corneliu; Pintilie, Lucian; Teodorescu, Cristian M.

    2013-01-01

    The growth of gold layers on Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 (PZT) deposited on SrTiO 3 is investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in the Au thickness range 2–100 Å. Two phases are identified, with compositions close to nominal PZT. The ‘standard’ phase is represented by all binding energies (Pb 4f, Ti 2p, Zr 3d, O 1s) sensibly equal to the nominal values for PZT, whereas the ‘charged’ phase exhibits all core levels are shifted by ∼1 eV toward higher binding energies. By taking into account also scanning probe microscopy images together with recent photoemission results, the ‘charged’ phase belongs to P (+) regions of PZT, whereas the ‘normal’ phase corresponds to regions with no net ferroelectric polarization perpendicular to the surface. Au deposition proceeds in a band bending of Φ PZT − Φ Au ∼ 0.4–0.5 eV for both phases, identified as similar shifts toward higher binding energies of all Pb, Ti, Zr, O core levels with Au deposition. The Au 4f core level exhibits also an unusually low binding energy component 1 eV below the ‘nominal’ Au 4f binding energy position (metal Au). This implies the existence of negatively charged gold, or electron transfer from PZT to Au, although the ‘normal’ PZT phase have a higher work function, as it is derived from the band bending. Most probably this charge transfer occurs toward Au nanoparticles, which have even higher ionization energies. High resolution transmission electron microscopy evidenced the formation of such isolated nanoparticles.

  4. Combinatorial processing libraries for bulk BiFeO3-PbTiO3 piezoelectric ceramics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hu, W.; Tan, X.; Rajan, K.

    2010-01-01

    A high throughput approach for generating combinatorial libraries with varying processing conditions for bulk ceramics has been developed. This approach utilized the linear temperature gradient in a tube furnace to screen a whole temperature range for optimized preparation. With this approach, the processing of 0.98[0.6BiFeO 3 -0.4PbTiO 3 ]-0.02Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 ceramic powders and pellets for high-temperature piezoelectric applications was demonstrated to identify the best synthesis conditions for phase purity. The dielectric property measurement on the as-processed solid solution ceramics confirmed the high Curie temperature and the improved loss tangent with the Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 doping. (orig.)

  5. (Bi, Pb).sub.2, Sr.sub.2 Ca.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.x superconductor and method of making same utilizing sinter-forging

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Nan; Goretta, Kenneth C.; Lanagan, Michael T.

    1998-01-01

    A (BiPb).sub.2 Sr.sub.2 Ca.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.x (Bi223) superconductor with high J.sub.c, phase purity, density and mechanical strength is formed from Bi2223 powder which is synthesized from a mixture of Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3, PbO, SrCO.sub.3, CaCo.sub.3 and CuO. The mixture is milled, then dried and calcined to synthesize the Bi2223 powder with the desired phase purity. The calcination is performed by heating the dried mixture for 50 hours at 840.degree. C. The partially synthesized powder is then milled for 1-4 hours before calcining further for another 50 hours at 855.degree. C. to complete the synthesis. After calcination, the Bi2223 powder is cold pressed to a predetermined density and sinter forged under controlled temperature and time to form a Bi2223 superconductor with the desired superconducting properties.

  6. (Bi, Pb){sub 2}Sr{sub 2}Ca{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub x} superconductor and method of making same utilizing sinter-forging

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, N.; Goretta, K.C.; Lanagan, M.T.

    1998-10-13

    A (BiPb){sub 2}Sr{sub 2}Ca{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub x}(Bi223) superconductor with high J{sub c}, phase purity, density and mechanical strength is formed from Bi2223 powder which is synthesized from a mixture of Bi{sub 2}O{sub 3}, PbO, SrCO{sub 3}, CaCo{sub 3} and CuO. The mixture is milled, then dried and calcined to synthesize the Bi2223 powder with the desired phase purity. The calcination is performed by heating the dried mixture for 50 hours at 840 C. The partially synthesized powder is then milled for 1--4 hours before calcining further for another 50 hours at 855 C to complete the synthesis. After calcination, the Bi2223 powder is cold pressed to a predetermined density and sinter forged under controlled temperature and time to form a Bi2223 superconductor with the desired superconducting properties. 5 figs.

  7. Structural and electronic investigations of PbTa4O11 and BiTa7O19 constructed from α-U3O8 types of layers

    Science.gov (United States)

    Boltersdorf, Jonathan; Maggard, Paul A.

    2015-09-01

    The PbTa4O11 and BiTa7O19 phases were prepared by ion-exchange and solid-state methods, respectively, and their structures were characterized by neutron time-of-flight diffraction and Rietveld refinement methods (PbTa4O11, R 3 (No. 146), a=6.23700(2) Å, c=36.8613(1) Å; BiTa7O19, P 6 bar c 2 (No. 188), a=6.2197(2) Å, c=20.02981(9) Å). Their structures are comprised of layers of TaO6 octahedra surrounded by three 7-coordinate Pb(II) cations or two 8-coordinate Bi(III) cations. These layers alternate down the c-axis with α-U3O8 types of single and double TaO7 pentagonal bipyramid layers. In contrast to earlier studies, both phases are found to crystallize in noncentrosymmetric structures. Symmetry-lowering structural distortions within PbTa4O11, i.e. R 3 bar c →R3, are found to be a result of the displacement of the Ta atoms within the TaO7 and TaO6 polyhedra, towards the apical and facial oxygen atoms, respectively. In BiTa7O19, relatively lower reaction temperatures leads to an ordering of the Bi/Ta cations within a lower-symmetry structure, i.e., P63/mcm→ P 6 bar c 2 . In the absence of Bi/Ta site disorder, the Ta-O-Ta bond angles decrease and the Ta-O bond distances increase within the TaO7 double layers. Scanning electron microscopy images reveal two particle morphologies for PbTa4O11, hexagonal rods and finer irregularly-shaped particles, while BiTa7O19 forms as aggregates of irregularly-shaped particles. Electronic-structure calculations confirm the highest-energy valence band states are comprised of O 2p-orbitals and the respective Pb 6s-orbital and Bi 6s-orbital contributions. The lowest-energy conduction band states are composed of Ta 5d-orbital contributions that are delocalized over the TaO6 octahedra and layers of TaO7 pentagonal bipyramids. The symmetry-lowering distortions in the PbTa4O11 structure, and the resulting effects on its electronic structure, lead to its relatively higher photocatalytic activity compared to similar structures without

  8. Investigating the local structure of B-site cations in (1-x)BaTiO3-xBiScO3 and (1-x)PbTiO3-xBiScO3 using X-ray absorption spectroscopy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Blanchard, Peter E. R.; Grosvenor, Andrew P.

    2018-05-01

    The structural properties of (1-x)BaTiO3-xBiScO3 and (1-x)PbTiO3-xBiScO3 were investigated using powder X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Diffraction measurements confirmed that substituting small amounts of BiScO3 into BaTiO3 initially stabilizes a cubic phase at x = 0.2 before impurity phases begin to form at x = 0.5. BiScO3 substitution also resulted in noticeable changes in the local coordination environment of Ti4+. X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) analysis showed that replacing Ti4+ with Sc3+ results in an increase in the off-centre displacement of Ti4+ cations. Surprisingly, BiScO3 substitution has no effect on the displacement of the Ti4+ cation in the (1-x)PbTiO3-xBiScO3 solid solution.

  9. Preparation, characterization and thermoelectric properties of a polyaniline matrix Ge{sub 0.94}Pb{sub 0.01}Bi{sub 0.05}Te composite

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ma, Sude; Zeng, Hao; Zhang, Changxing; Liu, Chun; Xu, Qian [Xihua Univ., Chengdu (China). Center for Advanced Materials and Energy; Zhang, Jianjun [Xihua Univ., Chengdu (China). School of Materials Science and Engineering

    2017-11-01

    In times of industrialization, much low temperature waste heat is released and no viable technology exists which can produce electricity from this low energy density heat. So the long sought-after class thermoelectric (TE) material which directly achieves conversion between thermal and electrical energy obtains much attention. However, the traditional TE materials are alloys of inorganic materials and expensive, and most of them have some level of toxicity, so the research on organic TE materials is very important. The polyaniline (PANI, i. e., a conducting polymer) and PANI matrix Ge{sub 0.94}Pb{sub 0.01}Bi{sub 0.05}Te composite material were prepared. The chemical structure, microstructure and thermoelectric properties were investigated by FTIR, XRD, SEM and ZEM. Results showed that the molecule chains in the PANI were not ranged very neatly, and Ge{sub 0.94}Pb{sub 0.01}Bi{sub 0.05}Te in the composite material formed interconnected network as 20 wt.-% Ge{sub 0.94}Pb{sub 0.01}Bi{sub 0.05}Te was added. Power factor of the composite material increased greatly while its ZT was almost two times of PANI. The addition of Ge{sub 0.94}Pb{sub 0.01}Bi{sub 0.05}Te was an effective method to increase the thermoelectric properties of PANI.

  10. Bi-functional Au/FeS (Au/Co{sub 3}O{sub 4}) composite for in situ SERS monitoring and degradation of organic pollutants

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ma, Shuzhen; Cai, Qian; Lu, Kailing; Liao, Fan, E-mail: fliao@suda.edu.cn; Shao, Mingwang, E-mail: mwshao@suda.edu.cn [Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University (China)

    2016-01-15

    The bi-functional Au/FeS (Au/Co{sub 3}O{sub 4}) composite was fabricated by in situ reducing Au nanoparticles onto the surface of FeS (Co{sub 3}O{sub 4}). The as-prepared FeS possessed a multi-structure composed of plenty of nanoplates, which were coated by Au nanoparticles with an average size of ∼47.5 nm. While the Co{sub 3}O{sub 4} showed a thin hexagonal sheet containing Au nanoparticles on its surface with an average size of ∼79.0 nm. Both the as-prepared Au/FeS and Au/Co{sub 3}O{sub 4} composites exhibited excellent SERS performance, capable of enhancing the Raman signals of R6G molecules with the enhancement factor up to 1.81 × 10{sup 6} and 7.60 × 10{sup 4}, respectively. Moreover, Au/FeS (Au/Co{sub 3}O{sub 4}) composite also has been verified to have intrinsic peroxidase-like activity, which could decompose H{sub 2}O{sub 2} into hydroxyl radicals and then degrade organic pollutants into small molecules. Therefore, SERS can be used to real-time and in situ monitoring the degradation process of R6G molecules, employing the Au/FeS (Au/Co{sub 3}O{sub 4}) composite both as SERS substrate and catalyst. Graphical abstract: SERS was used to real-time and in situ monitoring the degradation of R6G, employing the Au/FeS and Au/Co{sub 3}O{sub 4} composites both as SERS substrates and catalysts.

  11. Effect of cooling rate on the transition temperature in Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wang Yugui; Wang Jinsong; Wang Nanlin; Jiao Xinping; Han Guchang; Chen Zhaojia; Wang Keqin; Wu Xiaoguang

    1989-12-01

    The resistance and a.c. susceptibility measurement show that cooling rate of the cast-annealing samples in heat treatment process has some effect on the 110K superconducting phase in Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system. Rapid quenching of the sample in air from 845 deg C causes oxygen deficiency in lattice and brings about a trifling change of unit cell size along c-axis direction. The d.c. magnetization and specific heat anomaly Δc measurements demostrate that fast cooling rate can reduce the transition temperature of high-T c phase and the lower critical field, and weaken the pinning forces for vertex lines. The peak value of specific heat anomaly of the sample with nominal composition of Bi 1.7 Pb 0.3 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 4.5 O v is still small in comparison with YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 . From the magnetization curve the authors estimate that the superconducting volume fraction is about 20%

  12. Electrochemical surface-enhanced Raman scattering measurement on ligand capped PbS quantum dots at gap of Au nanodimer

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Xiaowei; Minamimoto, Hiro; Murakoshi, Kei

    2018-05-01

    The vibrational characteristics of ligand-capped lead sulfide (PbS) quantum dots (QDs) were clarified via electrochemical surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (EC-SERS) using a hybridized system of gold (Au) nanodimers and PbS QDs under electrochemical potential control. Enhanced electromagnetic field caused by the coupling of QDs with plasmonic Au nanodimers allowed the characteristic behavior of the ligand oleic acid (OA) on the PbS QD surface to be detected under electrochemical potential control. Binding modes between the QDs and OA molecules were characterized using synchronous two-dimensional correlation spectra at distinct electrochemical potentials, confirming that the bidentate bridging mode was probably the most stable mode even under relatively negative potential polarization. Changes in binding modes and molecular orientations resulted in fluctuations in EC-SERS spectra. The present observations strongly recommend the validity of the QD-plasmonic nanostructure coupled system for sensitive molecular detection via EC-SERS.

  13. Quantification of the 214 Pb and 214 Bi decay products before and after to reach the secular equilibria with the 226 Ra

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Quintero P, E.; Rojas M, V.P.; Cervantes N, M.L.; Gaso P, M.I.

    2002-01-01

    In this work a comparison between the 226 Ra concentration and its decay products ( 214 Pb and 214 Bi) in soil samples is presented before and after that the decay mentioned products reach the equilibria with the radium. Moreover, the obtained daughter/father ratio is presented; and the correction factor for the calculus of the 214 Pb and 214 Bi quantification without being necessary to wait until that the secular equilibria has been established. For the quantification of the concentration of the three radionuclides the gamma spectrometry technique was used. (Author)

  14. L-shell ionization studies of Pb and Bi with α particles

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dhal, B.B.; Nandi, T.; Padhi, H.C.

    1994-01-01

    Ionization cross sections for the L subshells of Pb and Bi by α-particle bombardment (2.2--8.2 MeV) have been determined from the experimental data and the currently available radiative transition probabilities, fluorescence yields, and Coster-Kronig factors. The measured ionization cross sections and their ratios are compared with the results of ECPSSR calculations [ECPSSR denotes perturbed-stationary-state (PSS) theory with energy-loss (E), Coulomb deflection (C), and relativistic (R) corrections]. The measured individual cross sections for L 1 and L 2 subshells deviated in opposite directions from the theory, whereas their sum shows good agreement. The L 3 and total ionization cross sections obtained from the data also show good agreement with the ECPSSR theory. The ionization cross-section ratios σ L1 /σ L2 and σ L3 /σ L2 show large deviations from the ECPSSR theory. The experimental x-ray production cross-section ratios are found to be in better agreement with the theoretical results obtained from using ECPSSR ionization cross sections and the decay yield data of Xu and Xu [J. Phys. B 25, 695 (1992)] rather than those obtained from using the decay yield data of Krause [J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 8, 307 (1979)]. The x-ray production cross sections, however, are in better agreement with the theoretical results obtained from using the decay yield data of Krause. The measured centroid energy of the Lγ lines of Pb shows large deviations at high projectile energy, whereas for Bi large deviations are found at the low-energy region

  15. Study on borate glass system containing with Bi2O3 and BaO for gamma-rays shielding materials: Comparison with PbO

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kaewkhao, J.; Pokaipisit, A.; Limsuwan, P.

    2010-01-01

    In this work, the mass attenuation coefficients and shielding parameters of borate glass matrices containing with Bi 2 O 3 and BaO have been investigated at 662 keV, and compare with PbO in same glass structure. The theoretical values were calculated by WinXCom software and compare with experiential data. The results found that the mass attenuation coefficients were increased with increasing of Bi 2 O 3 , BaO and PbO concentration, due to increase photoelectric absorption of all glass samples. However, Compton scattering gives dominant contribution to the total mass attenuation coefficients for studied glass samples. Moreover the half value layers (HVL) of glass samples were also better than ordinary concretes and commercial window glass. These results reflecting that the Bi-based glass can use replace Pb in radiation shielding glass. In the case of Ba, may be can use at appropriate energy such as X-rays or lower.

  16. Fluctuation Induced Conductivity Studies of 100 MeV Oxygen Ion Irradiated Pb Doped Bi-2223 Superconductors

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Banerjee, Tamalika; Kumar, Ravi; Kanjilal, D.; Ramasamy, S.

    2000-01-01

    We report on 100 MeV oxygen ion irradiation in Pb doped Bi-2223 superconductors. Resistivity measurements reveal that both grains as well as the grain boundaries are affected by such irradiation. An analysis of the excess conductivity has been made within the framework of Aslamazov-Larkin (AL) and

  17. Analyzing power measurements for 209Bi(n,n) at 6 and 9 MeV and consistent dispersive optical-model analyses for n+209Bi and n+208Pb from -20 to +80 MeV

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Weisel, G.J.; Tornow, W.; Howell, C.R.; Felsher, P.D.; AlOhali, M.; Roberts, M.L.; Das, R.K.; Walter, R.L.; Mertens, G.

    1996-01-01

    High-accuracy measurements of A y (θ) data for elastic scattering for n+ 209 Bi have been performed at 6 and 9 MeV. The data are incorporated into a large database of σ(θ), A y (θ), and σ T for n+ 209 Bi covering the energy range 1.0 endash 80 MeV. A complementary database is constructed for n+ 208 Pb and a dispersive optical-model analysis is performed for both scattering systems while constraining many of the parameters to be identical for both systems. A good representation of both databases is obtained with conventional geometry and spin-orbit parameters. The 208 Pb model predicts quite well the measured energies of valence single-particle and single-hole bound states. Occupation probabilities and spectroscopic factors for the same bound states are also calculated. Finally, a fully constrained model is presented in which the only differences between the n+ 208 Pb and the n+ 209 Bi systems are the Fermi energy and the isospin dependence in the real volume potential. copyright 1996 The American Physical Society

  18. Study of fission reactions induced by 4,6He and 7Li beams on 209Bi and 208Pb targets

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lukyanov S.M.

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available Study of fission reactions induced by 4,6He and 7Li beams on 209Bi and 208Pb targets, leading to the production of 210,212A compound nuclei, was performed. It was shown that the fission excitation functions for the three reactions 4,6He + 209Bi and 7Li + 208Pb had similar behavior within the experimental error for a broad range of energy. More likely, halo structure of 6He is not reflected on the fission reaction mechanism. Otherwise, a large value of the fusion cross section was observed so far, as it could be expected in the case of weakly bound character of 6He projectile.

  19. Correlation between morphology, electron band structure, and resistivity of Pb atomic chains on the Si(5 5 3)-Au surface

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jałochowski, M; Kwapiński, T; Łukasik, P; Nita, P; Kopciuszyński, M

    2016-01-01

    Structural and electron transport properties of multiple Pb atomic chains fabricated on the Si(5 5 3)-Au surface are investigated using scanning tunneling spectroscopy, reflection high electron energy diffraction, angular resolved photoemission electron spectroscopy and in situ electrical resistance. The study shows that Pb atomic chains growth modulates the electron band structure of pristine Si(5 5 3)-Au surface and hence changes its sheet resistivity. Strong correlation between chains morphology, electron band structure and electron transport properties is found. To explain experimental findings a theoretical tight-binding model of multiple atomic chains interacting on effective substrate is proposed. (paper)

  20. High-density Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductor prepared by rapid thermal melt processing

    Science.gov (United States)

    Moon, B. M.; Lalevic, B.; Kear, B. H.; McCandlish, L. E.; Safari, A.; Meskoob, M.

    1989-10-01

    A high quality, dense Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductor has been successfully synthesized by rapid thermal melt processing. Conventionally sintered pellets were melted at 1200 °C, cooled rapidly, and then annealed. As-melted samples exhibited semiconductor behavior, which upon annealing became superconducting at 115 K [Tc(zero)=105 K]. A detailed study of various processing techniques has been carried out.

  1. Safety performance comparation of MOX, nitride and metallic fuel based 25-100 MWe Pb-Bi cooled long life fast reactors without on-site refuelling

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Su'ud, Zaki

    2008-01-01

    In this paper the safety performance of 25-100 MWe Pb-Bi cooled long life fast reactors based on three types of fuels: MOX, nitride and metal is compared and discussed. In the fourth generation NPP paradigm, especially for Pb-Bi cooled fast reactors, inherent safety capability is necessary against some standard accidents such as unprotected loss of flow (ULOF), unprotected rod run-out transient over power (UTOP), unprotected loss of heat sink (ULOHS). Selection of fuel type will have important impact on the overall system safety performance. The results of safety analysis of long life Pb-Bi cooled fast reactors without on-site fuelling using nitride, MOX and metal fuel have been performed. The reactors show the inherent safety pattern with enough safety margins during ULOF and UTOP accidents. For MOX fuelled reactors, ULOF accident is more severe than UTOP accident while for nitride fuelled cores UTOP accident may push power much higher than that comparable MOX fuelled cores. (author)

  2. Rapid formation of the 110 K phase in Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O through freeze-drying powder processing

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Song, K.H.; Liu, H.K.; Dou, S.X.; Sorrell, C.C.

    1990-01-01

    This paper reports three techniques for processing Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O (BPSCCO) powders investigated: dry-mixing, sol-gel formation, and freeze-drying. It was found that sintering for 120 h at 850 degrees C is required to form nearly single-phase (Bi,Pb) 2 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 10-y by dry-mixing, whereas sintering for 30 h at 840 degrees C was sufficient to form the 110 K (2223) phase when freeze-drying was used. The sol-gel route was found to be intermediate in efficiency between these two techniques. Freeze-drying provided highly reactive, intimately mixed, and carbon-free precursors. The presence of carbonates in the uncalcined powders was the major cause of phase segregation and sluggishness of the 110 K phase formation

  3. Experimental Cross Sections for Reactions of Heavy Ions and 208Pb, 209Bi, 238U, and 248Cm Targets

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Patin, Joshua B.

    2002-01-01

    The study of the reactions between heavy ions and 208 Pb, 209 Bi, 238 U, and 248 Cm targets was performed to look at the differences between the cross sections of hot and cold fusion reactions. Experimental cross sections were compared with predictions from statistical computer codes to evaluate the effectiveness of the computer code in predicting production cross sections. Hot fusion reactions were studied with the MG system, catcher foil techniques and the Berkeley Gas-filled Separator (BGS). 3n- and 4n-exit channel production cross sections were obtained for the 238 U( 18 O,xn) 256-x Fm, 238 U( 22 Ne,xn) 260-x No, and 248 Cm( 15 N,xn) 263-x Lr reactions and are similar to previous experimental results. The experimental cross sections were accurately modeled by the predictions of the HIVAP code using the Reisdorf and Schaedel parameters and are consistent with the existing systematics of 4n exit channel reaction products. Cold fusion reactions were examined using the BGS. The 208 Pb( 48 Ca,xn) 256-x No, 208 Pb( 50 Ti,xn) 258-x Rf, 208 Pb( 51 V,xn) 259-x Db, 209 Bi( 50 Ti,xn) 259-x Db, and 209 Bi( 51 V,xn) 260-x Sg reactions were studied. The experimental production cross sections are in agreement with the results observed in previous experiments. It was necessary to slightly alter the Reisdorf and Schaedel parameters for use in the HIVAP code in order to more accurately model the experimental data. The cold fusion experimental results are in agreement with current 1n- and 2n-exit channel systematics

  4. Structure of the displacement field of substitutionally dissolved Bi in Pb

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Seitz, E.

    1975-03-01

    In order to describe measurements of the coherent diffuse scattering of neutrons from Pb-Bi within the single defect approximation, Schumacher (1969) introduced a model in which the displacement field of the host lattice caused by a given Bismuth atom has trigonal symmetry. In an attempt to decide which model for the displacement field is correct, new measurements over an extended range were carried out with an improved resolution, using the D7 diffractometer at the High Flux Reactor in Grenoble. Taking the different resolutions into account, agreement between the present and previous data is good, both as to absolute intensity and scattering pattern. (orig./HPoe) [de

  5. High-pressure anisotropic distortion of Pb3Bi2S6

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Olsen, Lars Arnskov; Balic Zunic, Tonci; Makovicky, Emil

    2008-01-01

    The compound Pb3Bi2S6 is investigated by X-ray diffraction on single crystals in a diamond-anvil cell between 0.0001 and 10.5 GPa. It undergoes a first-order phase transition at hydrostatic pressure between 3.7 and 4.9 Gpa. The space group symmetry changes from Bbmm to Pbnm, and the unit......-cell volume decreases by 4%. The transition is strongly anisotropic, with a contraction along one of the crystal axes by 16% and expansion along another one by 14%. This is a piezoplastic phase transition, a displacive pressure-induced phase transition with systematic shearing of atomic planes and a migration...

  6. Quantification of the {sup 214} Pb and {sup 214} Bi decay products before and after to reach the secular equilibria with the {sup 226} Ra; Cuantificacion de los productos de decaimiento {sup 214} Pb y {sup 214} Bi antes y despues de alcanzar el equilibrio secular con el {sup 226} Ra

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Quintero P, E.; Rojas M, V.P.; Cervantes N, M.L.; Gaso P, M.I. [Gerencia de Seguridad Radiologica, ININ, A.P. 18-1027, 11801 Mexico D.F. (Mexico)

    2002-07-01

    In this work a comparison between the {sup 226} Ra concentration and its decay products ({sup 214} Pb and {sup 214} Bi) in soil samples is presented before and after that the decay mentioned products reach the equilibria with the radium. Moreover, the obtained daughter/father ratio is presented; and the correction factor for the calculus of the {sup 214} Pb and {sup 214} Bi quantification without being necessary to wait until that the secular equilibria has been established. For the quantification of the concentration of the three radionuclides the gamma spectrometry technique was used. (Author)

  7. Separation of 210 Pb, 210 Bi and 210 Po by ion exchange and their liquid scintillation standardization

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rodriguez, L.; Jimenez, A.; Grau, A.

    1996-01-01

    We applied the CIEMAT/NIST method and alpha/beta discrimination to ''210 Pb samples in equilibrium with its daughters, by preparing homogeneous and gel samples. The stability of samples was tested in different available cocktails, HiSafe''tm II, HiSafe''tmIII, Ultima-Gold''tm, Ultima-Gold''tmXR, Ultima-Gold''tmAB, Insta-Gel and e Insta-Gel II. Also we analyzed the disequilibrium of the radioactive chain ''210Pb+''210Bi+''210Po, achieving and excellent agreement between the results of the spectrum unfolding method and the experimental values. (Author) 13 refs

  8. The investigation of topological phase of Gd1-xYxAuPb (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1) alloys under hydrostatic pressure

    Science.gov (United States)

    Saeidi, Parviz; Nourbakhsh, Zahra

    2018-04-01

    Topological phase of Gd1-xYxAuPb (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1) alloys have been studied utilizing density function theory by WIEN2k code. The generalized gradient approximation (GGA), generalized gradient approximation plus Hubbard parameter (GGA + U), Modified Becke and Johnson (MBJ) and GGA Engel-vosko in the presence of spin orbit coupling have been used to investigate the topological band structure of Gd1-xYxAuPb alloys at zero pressure. The topological phase and band order of these alloys within GGA and GGA + U approaches under hydrostatic pressure are also investigated. We find that under hydrostatic pressure in some percentages of Gd1-xYxAuPb (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1) alloys in both GGA and GGA + U approaches, the trivial topological phase is converted into nontrivial topological phase. In addition, the band inversion strength versus lattice constant of these alloys is studied. Moreover, the schematic plan is represented in order to show the trivial and nontrivial topological phase of Gd1-xYxAuPb (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1) alloys in both GGA and GGA + U approaches.

  9. Application of an Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance to the study of electrocatalytic films

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gordon, Jr., James S. [Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States)

    1993-09-01

    The EQCM was used to study the deposition and composition of electrodeposited pure PbO2 and Bi-doped PbO2 active toward anodic oxygen-transfer reactions. Within the doped films, Bi is incorporated as Bi+5 in the form of BiO2A, where A is ClO4- or NO3-. For deposition of these 2 materials, changes in hydration between the Au oxide and the depositing film resulted in higher mass-to-charge ratios. XRD and XPS were used to study the films; the rutile structure of PbO2 is retained even with the Bi doping. The EQCM was also used to study the formation and dissolution of Au oxide and preoxide structures formed on the Au substrate electrodes in acidic media. The preoxide structures were AuOH and increased the surface mass. For the formation of stable Au films on quartz wafers, Ti interlayers between Au and quartz was found to be very effective.

  10. Effect of Pb and Ag additions on electrical properties Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox superconductive ceramics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Reddi, B.V.; Uskov, E.M.

    1990-01-01

    The influence of Pb and Ag additions on the electrical properties of Bi 2 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O x superconducting ceramics has been studied by Hall method. It was found that the Pb additions has more influence on the sample characteristics than Ag. It was found, that Hall EMF at 77 K equal to zero in the samples having some residue resistance

  11. Effect of Substitutional Pb Doping on Bipolar and Lattice Thermal Conductivity in p-Type Bi0.48Sb1.52Te₃.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kim, Hyun-Sik; Lee, Kyu Hyoung; Yoo, Joonyeon; Youn, Jehun; Roh, Jong Wook; Kim, Sang-Il; Kim, Sung Wng

    2017-07-06

    Cation substitutional doping is an effective approach to modifying the electronic and thermal transports in Bi₂Te₃-based thermoelectric alloys. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of the electrical and thermal conductivities of polycrystalline Pb-doped p-type bulk Bi 0.48 Sb 1.52 Te₃. Pb doping significantly increased the electrical conductivity up to ~2700 S/cm at x = 0.02 in Bi 0.48-x Pb x Sb 1.52 Te₃ due to the increase in hole carrier concentration. Even though the total thermal conductivity increased as Pb was added, due to the increased hole carrier concentration, the thermal conductivity was reduced by 14-22% if the contribution of the increased hole carrier concentration was excluded. To further understand the origin of reduction in the thermal conductivity, we first estimated the contribution of bipolar conduction to thermal conductivity from a two-parabolic band model, which is an extension of the single parabolic band model. Thereafter, the contribution of additional point defect scattering caused by Pb substitution (Pb in the cation site) was analyzed using the Debye-Callaway model. We found that Pb doping significantly suppressed both the bipolar thermal conduction and lattice thermal conductivity simultaneously, while the bipolar contribution to the total thermal conductivity reduction increased at high temperatures. At Pb doping of x = 0.02, the bipolar thermal conductivity decreased by ~30% from 0.47 W/mK to 0.33 W/mK at 480 K, which accounts for 70% of the total reduction.

  12. Development of heat resistant Pb-free joints by TLPS process of Ag and Sn-Bi-Ag alloy powders

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ohnuma I.

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available TLPS (Transient Liquid Phase Sintering process is a candidate method of heat-resistant bonding, which makes use of the reaction between low-melting temperature powder of Sn-Bi base alloys and reactive powder of Ag. During heat treatment above the melting temperature of a Sn-Bi base alloy, the molten Sn-Bi reacts rapidly with solid Ag particles, which results in the formation of heat-resistant intermetallic compound (IMC. In this study, the TLPS properties between Sn-17Bi-1Ag (at.% powder with its liquidus temperature of 200°C and pure Ag powder were investigated. During differential scanning calorimetry (DSC measurement, an exothermic reaction and an endothermic reaction occurred, which correspond to the formation of the e-Ag3Sn IMC phase and the melting of the Sn-17Bi-1Ag alloy, respectively. After the overall measurement, the obtained reactant consists of the Ag3Sn-IMC and Bi-rich phases, both of which start melting above 250°C, with a small amount of the residual Sn-Bi eutectic phase. These results suggest that the TLPS process can be applied for Pb-free heatresistant bonding.

  13. Electrochemical studies of Pu on prussian blue (PB)-gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalized glassy carbon (GC) electrode

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sharma, Manoj K.; Ambolikar, Arvind S.; Aggarwal, Suresh K.

    2011-01-01

    In electrochemical processes, electron transfer across the solid-liquid interface is the elementary step and electron transfer kinetics is significantly influenced by the interfacial properties. Therefore, preparation of well-defined electrochemical interface with highly controllable properties - larger effective surface area, increased mass transport, and better electronic interaction between the analyte and electrode - is significant for both fundamental and applied studies in electrochemistry. In the present work electrochemistry of Pu(IV)/Pu(III) is studied on multilayered AuNPs-PB-AuNPs functionalized electrode

  14. Apparent vanishing of ferroelectricity in nanostructured BiScO3PbTiO3

    OpenAIRE

    Amorín , H; Jiménez , R; Ricote , J; Hungría , T; Castro , A; Algueró , M

    2010-01-01

    Abstract Nanostructured ceramics of high-temperature piezoelectric 0.375BiScO 3 -0.625PbTiO 3 were prepared by spark plasma sintering of nanocrystalline powders obtained by mechanosynthesis. The macroscopic electrical properties were characterized on dense ceramics with decreasing average grain size down to 28 nm. Results indicate that the electric field is screened by the electrically insulating grain boundaries at the nanoscale, which needs to be considered when discussing size effects i...

  15. The 208Pb(7Li,6He)209Bi reaction at 52 MeV

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zeller, A.F.; Weisser, D.C.; Ophel, T.R.; Hebbard, D.F.

    1979-11-01

    Single proton transfers to low lying levels in 209 Bi from the 208 Pb(7Li, 6 He) reaction at 52 MeV have been measured and spectroscopic factors derived from an EFR-DWBA analysis. Relative spectroscopic factors are in good agreement with light ion results and previous heavy ion work. Absolute spectroscopic factors were generally too large and the peaks of the angular distributions were out of phase with the DWBA calculations by 1 0 - 4 0

  16. Preparation of (Bi, Pb)-2223/Ag tapes by high temperature sintering and post-annealing process

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hua, L.; Grivel, Jean-Claude; Andersen, L.G.

    2002-01-01

    A novel heat treatment process was developed to fabricate (Bi, Pb)-2223/Ag tapes with high critical current density (J(c)). The process can be divided into two parts: reformation and post-annealing. Tapes were first heated to the maximum temperature (830-860 degreesC) followed by slow cooling...... (reformation). Then, tape, were annealed between 760 and 820 degreesC (post-annealing). Reformation is expected to produce a large amount of liquid phase which may heat microcracks, decrease porosity, and improve grain growth. However, since the sintering temperature is beyond the Bi-2223 single-phase region......-energy synchrotron XRD and SEM/EDX. Some process parameters e.g. sintering temperature. cooling rate. and post-annealing time were optimised. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved....

  17. Pb isotope investigations on Cu-Au deposits from Carajas Province, Amazonian craton, Brazil

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Macambira, M.J.B.; Galarza, M.A.T.; Souza, S.R.B.; Silva, C.M.G

    2001-01-01

    The Carajas Province is the most important mineral province of Brazil hosting deposits of iron, copper, gold, manganese, nickel and others. In the last years, discoveries of large Cu-Au deposits in Carajas Province have demonstrated the vocation of this region for such deposits, which are, in general, associated with volcanosedimentary sequences and, in some cases, with Archean and/or Paleoproterozoic granitic instrusions. The age and nature of the deposits, as well as the metal source, are still not well understood. Someone believe that these deposits are volcano-exhalant in nature (e.g. Ferreira Filho, 1985; Vieira et al., 1988; Almada and Villas, 1999), while others propose a hydrothermal source for the ore associated with granitic intrusions (e.g. Winter, 1994; Lindenmayer et al., 1998; Tallarico et al., 2000). This work presents a brief discussion about three Cu-Au deposits from Carajas Basin (Bahia, Aguas Claras, and Pojuca deposits) based on new Pb isotope data on zircon and sulfides carried out in the Para-Iso Laboratory of the University of Para, Brazil (au)

  18. Microstructure of laser floating zone (LFZ) textured (Bi,Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductor composites

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fuente, G.F. de la; Ruiz, M.T.; Sotelo, A.; Larrea, A.; Navarro, R.

    1993-01-01

    Directionally solidified high temperature superconducting (Bi,Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O pure ceramics and composites were obtained using a laser floating zone (LFZ) apparatus. The presence of secondary non-superconducting and metallic phases as well as their solidification habit have been analysed. The influence of the LFZ growth conditions and the precursor composition on the microstructure of the final products was studied using optical and electron microscopies. (orig.)

  19. Shielded high-T{sub c} (Bi, Pb){sub 2}Sr{sub 2}Ca{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub y} (Bi-2223) superconducting tapes

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lelovic, M.; Eror, N.G. [Department of Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (United States); Balachandran, U.; Prorok, B. [Energy Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL (United States); Selvamanickam, V.; Haldar, P. [Intermagnetics General Corporations, Latham, NY (United States); Talvacchio, J.; Young, R. [Science and Technology Center, Northrop Grumman, Pittsburgh, PA (United States)

    1998-11-01

    A new composite tape was fabricated in which the primary function of the central Ag-sheathed (Bi, Pb){sub 2}Sr{sub 2}Ca{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub y} (Bi-2223) filaments was to conduct transport current. A YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7-{delta}} (Y-123) thin film was deposited on the top of the Ag-sheathed Bi-2223 tape to shield the applied magnetic field and to protect the central Bi-2223 filaments. The critical current densities of the Y-123-coated, Ag-sheathed Bi-2223 tapes were better than those of an uncoated tape. However, the Y-123 thin film exhibited T{sub c} approx.= 72 K and a broad transition region that shifted the effect to lower temperatures. Furthermore, pole figure measurements showed widely spread a,b planes along the rolling direction, indicating high-angle grain boundaries that diminished the magnitude of the effect. Microstructural observations showed platelike grains of Y-123 with fine growth ledges in the thin film that was heat treated, in contrast with the microstructure of an as-coated thin film that showed large twinned grains. From the processing point of view, the results showed that heat treating Y-123 thin film according to the Bi-2223 tape schedule was compatible with and beneficial for Y-123. These preliminary results may provide a basis for further improvements in processing of long-length Bi-2223 tapes for high-field applications. (author)

  20. Coordination chemistry of the 212Pb/212Bi nuclear transformation: Alpha-emitting radiopharmaceuticals

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Parks, N.J.; Harris, W.R.; Keen, C.L.; Cooper, S.R.

    1992-07-01

    Subdivisions of this project are: (a) the synthesis of prototypical thiolate and dithiocarbamate based hexacoordinate complexes, (b) radiochemical engineering for generation of no-carrier-added lead and bismuth radioelements, (c) the first isolation of bismuth-binding proteins from in vivo studies with cyclotron produced 205/206 Bi tracer, and (d) initial development of transport mechanisms for the intracellular radiobiological study of alpha emitting bismuth, and (e) the initiation of chemical equilibrium studies and biochemical pathways with cyclotron-produced, no-carrier-added, 203 Pb (T 1/2 = 51 hr)

  1. Separation of 210Pb, 210Bi and 210Po by ion exchange and their Iiquid scintillation standardization

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rodriguez, L.; Jimenez, A.; Grau, A.

    1996-01-01

    We applied the CIEMAT/NIST method and alpha/beta discrimination to ''210Pb samples in equilibrium with its daughters, by preparing homogeneous and gel samples. The stability of samples was tested in different available cocktails, HiSafe''TM II, HiSafe''TM III, Ultima-Gold''TM, Ultima-Gold''TM XR, Ultima-Gold''TM AB, Insta-Gel''R and e Insta-Gel''R lI. Also we analyzed the disequilibrium of the radioactive chain 210Pb+210Bi+210Po, achieving an excellent agreement between the results of the spectrum unfolding method and the experimental values. (Author) 13 refs

  2. Pb solubility of the high-temperature superconducting phase Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+d

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kaesche, S.; Majewski, P.; Aldinger, F.

    1994-01-01

    For the nominal composition of Bi 2.27x Pb x Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 10+d the lead content was varied from x=0.05 to 0.45. The compositions were examined between 830 degrees C and 890 degrees C which is supposed to be the temperature range over which the so-called 2223 phase (Bi 2 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 10+d ) is stable. Only compositions between x=0.18 to 0.36 could be synthesized in a single phase state. For x>0.36 a lead containing phase with a stoichiometry of Pb 4 (Sr,Ca) 5 CuO d is formed, for x 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8+d and cuprates are the equilibrium phases. The temperature range for the 2223 phase was found to be 830 degrees C to 890 degrees C but the 2223 phase has extremely varying cation ratios over this temperature range. Former single phase 2223 samples turn to multi phase samples when annealed at slightly higher or lower temperatures. A decrease in the Pb solubility with increasing temperature was found for the 2223 phase

  3. Mineralogical data on angelaite, Cu2AgPbBiS4, from the Los Manantiales District, Chubut, Argentina

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Topa, D.; Paar, W.H.; Putz, H.

    2010-01-01

    Angelaite, ideally Cu2AgPbBiS4, occurs as a hypogene mineral in polymetallic ores at the Ángela groups of veins in the mining district of Los Manantiales, in the province of Chubut, Argentina. The new mineral species is predominantly associated with pyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, hematite...

  4. Contact interaction of the Bi12GeO20, Bi12SiO20, and Bi4Ge3O12 melts with noble metals

    Science.gov (United States)

    Denisov, V. M.; Podkopaev, O. I.; Denisova, L. T.; Kuchumova, O. V.; Istomin, S. A.; Pastukhov, E. A.

    2014-02-01

    The sessile drop method is used to study the contact interaction of Ag, Au, Pd, Pt, and Ir with the Bi2O3-GeO2 and Bi2O3-SiO2 melts. These melts spread over Ag and Pd and, in some cases, over Au and Pt at a rather high speed and form equilibrium contact angles on Ir.

  5. Reactor core design optimization of the 200 MWt Pb-Bi cooled fast reactor for hydrogen production

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bahrum, Epung Saepul; Su'ud, Zaki; Waris, Abdul; Fitriyani, Dian; Wahjoedi, Bambang Ari

    2008-01-01

    In this study reactor core geometrical optimization of 200 MWt Pb-Bi cooled long life fast reactor for hydrogen production has been conducted. The reactor life time is 20 years and the fuel type is UN-PuN. Geometrical core configurations considered in this study are balance, pancake and tall cylindrical cores. For the hydrogen production unit we adopt steam membrane reforming hydrogen gas production. The optimum operating temperature for the catalytic reaction is 540degC. Fast reactor design optimization calculation was run by using FI-ITB-CHI software package. The design criteria were restricted by the multiplication factor that should be less than 1.002, the average outlet coolant temperature 550degC and the maximum coolant outlet temperature less than 700degC. By taking into account of the hydrogen production as well as corrosion resulting from Pb-Bi, the balance cylindrical geometrical core design with diameter and height of the active core of 157 cm each, the inlet coolant temperature of 350degC and the coolant flow rate of 7000 kg/s were preferred as the best design parameters. (author)

  6. Dielectric and magnetic properties of Ba-, La- and Pb-doped Bi0.8Gd0.1M0.1Fe0.9Ti0.1O3 perovskite ceramics

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Radheshyam Rai

    2014-04-01

    Full Text Available The multiferroic Bi0.8Gd0.1M0.1Fe0.9Ti0.1O3, (where M = Ba (DB, La (DL and Pb (DP has been synthesized by using solid-state reaction technique. Effects of Ba, La and Pb substitution on the structure, electrical and ferroelectric properties of Bi0.8Gd0.1M0.1Fe0.9Ti0.1O3 samples have been studied by performing X-ray diffraction, dielectric and magnetic measurements. The crystal structures of the ceramic samples have a tetragonal phase. The vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM measurement shows a significant change in the magnetic properties of Ba-doped Bi0.8Gd0.1M0.1Fe0.9Ti0.1O3 as compared to La- and Pb-doped ceramics. It is seen that coercive field (HC and remanent magnetization (MR increases with Ba-doped ceramics but decreases for La- and Pb-doped ceramics.

  7. Structural and electronic properties of Pb-doped Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}Ca{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 10}: Comparison of LDA and GGA calculations

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Camargo-Martínez, J.A., E-mail: jcamargo@unitropico.edu.co [Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas, Aplicación e Innovación - CIBAIN, Fundación Universitaria Internacional del Trópico Americano– Unitrópico, Yopal, Casanare (Colombia); Martínez-Pieschacón, D.J. [Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Santo Tomás, Tunja, Boyaca (Colombia); Baquero, R. [Departamento de Física, CINVESTAV-IPN, Av. IPN 2508, 07360, México (Mexico)

    2017-04-15

    Highlights: • We present for the first time the effects of Pb doping on structural and electronic properties of Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}Ca{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 10} (Bi2223) using GGA, compared with LDA results. • We found the Pb concentration for which the Bi–O pockets disappear from the Fermi Surface in the Bi2223 compound using GGA and LDA, respectively. - Abstract: We use Density Functional Theory to study the effects on the crystal structure and the electronic band structure of substituting Pb for Bi in Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}Ca{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 10}. We further use the Local Density Approximation (LDA) and the Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA). The Virtual Crystal Approximation (VCA) was used to account for the substitution. We found that GGA reproduces better the lattice parameters although in both cases the internal coordinates were reproduced with some uncertainties. We further looked at the behavior of the so called Bi–O pockets, some electronic states that originate on the Bi–O planes and that appear on the Fermi surface (FS) in contradiction to the experimental evidence. We found that LDA and GGA differ on that subject. With 26% Pb and using LDA, the Bi–O pockets run away from the FS. But when GGA is used, it is needed up to 35% Pb to make the Bi–O pockets disappear from the FS. In the last case, once the Bi–O pockets are removed from the FS, we get a very good agreement with angular resolved photo-emission (ARPES) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments.

  8. Modification of jet-like correlations in Pb-Au at the SPS

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Appelshaeuser, Harald; Kniege, Stefan

    2009-01-01

    A study of high-p t two-particle azimuthal correlations in Pb-Au at √(S NN )=17,2GeV by the CERES experiment at the CERN-SPS, is presented. A broad away-side correlation with significant dip at Δφ∼π is observed. The shape and magnitude of the correlation is similar to measurements at RHIC. In comparison to PYTHIA calculations, we observe a significant excess of soft particles at the away-side. A study of charge correlations between trigger and associated particles disfavors vacuum fragmentation of the away-side jet and suggests significant energy transfer of the hard-scattered parton to the medium.

  9. Synthesis and Microstructure Properties of (Bi,Pb2Sr2Ca1Cu2Oy Ceramic Superconductor

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    nurmalita .

    2015-11-01

    Full Text Available Properties of (Bi, Pb2Sr2Ca1Cu2Oy ceramic superconductors were prepared by the melt textured growth methods in order to investigate the effects of the slow cooling time on the microstructur.  Phase analyses of the samples by X-ray diffraction (XRD has been carried out to assess the effects of the slow cooling time. From XRD analyses, the addition to the sample of  the slow cooling time degrades formation of the high-Tc Bi-2212 phase. The possible reasons for the observed degradation in the microstructure properties due to the slow cooling time addition were discussed.

  10. Magnetoelectric properties of Pb free Bi2FeTiO6: A theoretical investigation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Patra, Lokanath; Ravindran, P.

    2018-05-01

    The structural, electronic, magnetic and ferroelectric properties of Pb free double perovskite multiferroic Bi2FeTiO6 are investigated using density functional theory within the general gradient approximation (GGA) method. Our structural optimization using total energy calculations for different potential structures show a minimum energy for a non-centrosymmetric rhombohedral structure with R3c space group. Bi2FeTiO6 is found to be an antiferromagnetic insulator with C-type magnetic ordering with bandgap value of 0.3 eV. The calculated magnetic moment of 3.52 μB at Fe site shows the high spin arrangement of 3d electrons which is also confirmed by our orbital projected density of states analysis. We have analyzed the characteristics of bonding present between the constituents of Bi2FeTiO6 with the help of calculated partial density of states and Born effective charges. The ground state of the nearest centrosymmetric structure is found to be a G-type antiferromagnet with half metallicity showing that by the application of external electric field we can not only get a polarized state but also change the magnetic ordering and electronic structure in the present compound indicating strong magnetoelectric coupling. The cation sites the coexistence of Bi 6s lone pair (bring disproportionate charge distribution) and Ti4+ d0 ions which brings covalency produces off-center displacement and favors a non-centrosymmetric ground state and thus ferroelectricity. Our Berry phase calculation gives a polarization of 48 µCcm-2 for Bi2FeTiO6.

  11. New results on low-mass lepton pair production in Pb-Au collisions at 158 GeV per nucleon

    CERN Document Server

    Lenkeit, B C; Appelshäuser, H; Baur, R; Braun-Munzinger, P; Cherlin, A; Ceretto, F; Drees, A; Esumi, S; Faschingbauer, U; Fraenkel, Zeev; Fuchs, C; Gatti, E; Glässel, P; Holl, P; Jung, C; Kraner, H; Lenkeit, B C; Messer, M; Miskowiec, D; Nix, O; Panebratsev, Yu A; Pfeiffer, A; Rak, J; Ravinovich, I; Razin, S; Rehak, P; Richter, M; Sampietro, M; Saveljic, N; Schmitz, W; Schükraft, Jürgen; Seipp, W; Shimansky, S S; Slivova, J; Socol, E; Specht, H J; Stachel, J; Tserruya, Itzhak; Ullrich, T; Voigt, C A; Voloshin, S A; Weber, C; Wessels, J P; Wienold, T; Wurm, J P; Yurevich, V

    1999-01-01

    The CERES/NA45 experiment at the CERN-SPS is dedicated to study the production of e sup + e sup - -pairs in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions. Compared to extrapolations from results obtained in proton-induced reactions, it has previously observed an enhanced production in S-Au and Pb-Au collisions. To verify this enhancement and to study its properties, higher statistics were accumulated during a runtime in 1996. We report here, for the first time, on the results of this analysis.

  12. Competition from the ν/sub e/ 208Pb → 208Bi e- reaction in a search for ν/sub μ/-bar → ν/sub e/-bar oscillation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Toevs, J.W.; Kruse, H.W.

    1981-01-01

    Inverse beta-decay reactions produced by electron neutrinos may compete with muon neutrino reactions in experiments utilizing the neutrino flux from a beam stop. The cross section and angular distribution for one such reaction, ν/sub e/ 208 Pb → 208 Bi e - , have been calculated with the aid of the results of an investigation of 208 Pb (p,n) 208 Bi at low momentum transfer. The implications of this reaction on an experiment to study neutrino oscillation are discussed. 2 figures

  13. Band structure of metallic pyrochlore ruthenates Bi2Ru2O7 and Pb2Ru2O/sub 6.5/

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hsu, W.Y.; Kasowski, R.V.; Miller, T.; Chiang, T.

    1988-01-01

    The band structure of Bi 2 Ru 2 O 7 and Pb 2 Ru 2 O/sub 6.5/ has been computed self-consistently from first principles for the first time by the pseudofunction method. We discover that the 6s bands of Bi and Pb are very deep and unlikely to contribute to the metallic behavior as previously believed. The unoccupied 6p bands, however, are only several eV above the Fermi energy and are mixed with the Ru 4d band at the Fermi surface via the framework O atoms, leading to band conduction and delocalized magnetic moments. The predicted location of the 6s bands and the location and width of the O 2p band are confirmed by synchrotron radiation and ultraviolet electron spectroscopy of single crystals

  14. Emission of intermediate mass fragments in the heavy ion interaction of (14.0 MeV/u) Pb+Au

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Khan, E.U.; Qureshi, I.E.; Shahzad, M.I.; Khattak, F.N.; Khan, H.A.

    2001-01-01

    We have studied the heavy ion interactions of (14.0 MeV/u) Pb + Au using two threshold detectors, mica and CN-85. A thin layer of Au was deposited on each of the three mica and two CN-85 detector pieces. These target-detector assemblies were exposed to a beam of 14.0 MeV/u Pb ions having the fluence of 1.5x10 6 cm 2 at GSI, Darmstadt, Germany. After removing the target material and etching the samples in appropriate etchants, we scanned 32.29 cm 2 and 24.97 cm 2 area of mica and CN-85, respectively. Based on the observed number of events of various multiplicities, we have determined the total as well as partial experimental reaction cross-sections. It is shown that a significant number of intermediate mass fragments are emitted along with the heavy fragments in the present reaction

  15. High dielectric permittivity in the microwave region of SrBi2Nb2O9 (SBN) added La2O3, PbO and Bi2O3, obtained by mechanical alloying

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rocha, M. J. S.; Silva, P. M. O.; Theophilo, K. R. B.; Sancho, E. O.; Paula, P. V. L.; Silva, M. A. S.; Honorato, S. B.; Sombra, A. S. B.

    2012-08-01

    This paper presents the microwave dielectric properties and a structural study of SrBi2Nb2O9 (SBN) added La2O3, PbO or Bi2O3 obtained by a solid state procedure. High-energy mechanical milling was used to reduce the particle size, which allows for a better shaping of the green body and an increased reactivity. The mechanical milling activation process produced a reduced sintering temperature in the material, decreasing the loss of the volatile elements and controlling the growth of the grain that is produced when a high temperature is required to obtain dense ceramics. The incorporation of La3+, or Pb2+, or Bi3+ of different amounts (0, 3, 5, 10 and 15 wt%) was used to improve the densification without changing the crystal structure, since with a low doping content these ions can occupy the A site of the perovskite blocks; they can also occupy the Bi3+ sites in Bi2O3 layers. A single orthorhombic phase was formed after calcination at 800 °C for 2 h. X-ray diffraction, Fourier transformation, infrared and Raman spectroscopy have been carried out in order to investigate the effects of doping on SBN. The dielectric permittivity (ɛ‧r) and loss in the microwave region (2-4 GHz) of SBN ceramics with additions of Bi2O3, La2O3 and PbO were studied. Higher values of permittivity (ɛr‧ = 154.6) have been obtained for the SBN added La (15 wt%) a lower loss (tg δ = 0.01531) was also achieved in the SBN added La (15 wt%) sample with PVA and TEOS, respectively. The samples that showed the highest dielectric permittivities were all lanthanum doped, all with values of permittivity above 90. A comparative study associated with different types of binders was completed (with glycerin, PVA and TEOS). This procedure allowed us to obtain phases at lower temperatures than usually appear in the literature. The microwave dielectric properties (permittivity and loss) in the region 2-4 GHz, were studied for all samples. The structural and microwave dielectric properties of SBN show a

  16. Inner-shell vacancy production and multiple ionization effects in 0.1-1.75 MeV/u Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu + Au, Bi collisions

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ciortea, C. E-mail: ciortea@tandem.nipne.ro; Piticu, I.; Dumitriu, D.E.; Fluerasu, D.; Enulescu, A.; Szilagyi, S.Z.; Enescu, S.E.; Gugiu, M.M.; Dumitrescu, T.A

    2003-05-01

    Vacancy production in 0.1-1.75 MeV/u Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu + Au, Bi collisions has been studied by measuring integral inner-shell ionization cross-sections and mean outer-shell ionization probabilities at the Tandem accelerator of NIPNE, Bucharest. X-ray spectra induced by ion beams of Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu impinging on thin solid-foil targets of Au and Bi have been measured. Total ionization cross-sections for the K-shell of the projectile and L{sub 3}-subshell of the target, as well as vacancy sharing probabilities, corrected for the effect of multiple ionization, are reported. The experimental results are discussed in terms of two model calculations.

  17. Development of Pb-rich (Bi, Pb) sub 3 Sr sub 2 Ca sub 2 Cu sub 1 O sub x phase during reformation of lead doped 2223 superconducting phase from melt quenched glass. [BiPbSrCaCuO

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Oezkan, N; Glowacki, B A [IRC in Superconductivity, Univ. of Cambridge (United Kingdom)

    1992-05-01

    The reformation process of the lead doped superconducting 2223 phase from the melt quenched glass was investigated. It was shown that during the crystallisation of the glass a new lead rich phase, Bi{sub 0.5}Pb{sub 3}Sr{sub 2}Ca{sub 2}Cu{sub 1}O{sub x}, was formed and severe copper segregation was observed. The volume fraction of the high Tc 2223 phase increased with annealing time for an annealing temperature of 840degC. A glass sample annealed at 840degC for 150 h showed two superconducting transitions Tc = 107 K and Tc = 70 K. (orig.).

  18. Low-mass $e^{+}e^{-}$ pair production in 158 A GeV Pb - Au collisions at the CERN SPS, its dependence on multiplicity and transverse momentum

    CERN Document Server

    Agakichiev, G; Braun-Munzinger, P; Ceretto, F; Drees, A; Esumi, S C; Faschingbauer, U; Fraenkel, Zeev; Fuchs, C; Gatti, E; Glässel, P; Pérez de los Heros, C; Holl, P; Jung, C; Lenkeit, B C; Messer, M; Panebratsev, Yu A; Pfeiffer, A; Rak, J; Ravinovich, I; Razin, S V; Rehak, P; Richter, M; Sampietro, M; Saveljic, N; Schükraft, Jürgen; Shimansky, S S; Seipp, W; Socol, E; Specht, H J; Stachel, J J; Tel-Zur, G; Tserruya, Itzhak; Ullrich, T S; Voigt, C A; Weber, C; Wessels, J P; Wienold, T; Wurm, J P; Yurevich, V I

    1998-01-01

    We report a measurement of low-mass electron pairsobserved in 158 GeV/nucleon Pb-Au collisions. The pair yield integrated over the range of invariant masses 0.2 < m < 2.0 GeV is enhanced by a factor of 3.5 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.9 (syst) over the expectation from neutral meson decays. As observed previously in S-Au collisions, the enhancement is most pronounced in the invariant-mass region 300-700 MeV. For Pb-Au we find evidencefor a strong increase of the enhancement with centrality. In addition, we show that the enhancement covers a wide range in transverse momentum, but is largest at the lowest observed pt.

  19. Study of SrBi4Ti4O15 (SBTi) dielectric properties of doped PbO

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rodrigues Junior, C.A.; Silva Filho, J.M.; Freitas, D.B.; Oliveira, R.G.M.; Sombra, B.; Sales, J.C.

    2012-01-01

    The ceramic SrBi 4 Ti 4 O 15 (SBTI), cation-deficient perovskite A 5 B 4 O 15 , was prepared by the method of solid state reaction and then doped with PbO (in the range 2-10% by weight). The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and impedance spectroscopy at room temperature. The X-ray analysis was performed by the Rietveld refinement. The micrographs of the samples show globular-shaped grains (doped PbO). The dielectric properties: dielectric constant (Κ' or έ) and dielectric loss tangent (tan δ), were measured at room temperature in the frequency range 100 Hz - 1 MHz dielectric properties of these 1 MHz sample doped with 10 % PbO showed the dielectric constant Κ'= 168.34 and dielectric loss tangent tanδ, = 7,1.10 -2 . These results show a good possibility of miniaturization of electronic devices such as capacitors. (author)

  20. The crystal structure of Cu1.6Pb1.6Bi6.4S12, a new 44.8 Å derivative of the bismuthinite-aikinite solid-solution series

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Topa, Dan; Balic-Zunic, Tonci; Makovicky, Emil

    2000-01-01

    Cu1.6Pb1.6Bi6.4S12, aikinite-bismuthinite derivative, crystal structure, Felbertal, scheelite deposit, Austria......Cu1.6Pb1.6Bi6.4S12, aikinite-bismuthinite derivative, crystal structure, Felbertal, scheelite deposit, Austria...

  1. Study of in vivo generators Pb-212/Bi--212 and U-230/Th-226 for alpha radioimmunotherapy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Le Du, A.

    2011-01-01

    Alpha-radioimmunotherapy is a promising cancer therapy that uses a-particles vectorized by monoclonal antibody to break down cancerous tumors. The notion of in vivo generator was introduced in 1989 by Leonard Mausner. The concept involves labeling of various molecular carriers (antibodies, peptides, etc) with intermediate half-life generator parents, which after accumulation in the desired tissue generate much shorter half-life daughter radionuclide. This thesis focuses on the study of two in vivo generators potentially interesting for alpha-radioimmunotherapy: Pb-212 / Bi-212 generator and U-230 / Th-226 generator. The first part of this work presents the Pb-212 / Bi-212 generator, two approaches allowing the vectorization. Chelation approach on a protein and an approach by encapsulation in liposomes have been proposed. This last approach appears to be the most interesting. In vitro stability studies have been performed on these labeling. The second part of this work presents the U-230 / Th-226 generator. Studies have first been made to achieve a theoretical model to describe the speciation of Th(IV) in human serum. The efficacy of DTPA as chelating agent for complexation of Th(IV) in human serum could thus be estimated. (author)

  2. Effects of Bi(Zn2/3Nb1/3)O3 Modification on the Relaxor Behavior and Piezoelectricity of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 Ceramics.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liu, Zenghui; Wu, Hua; Paterson, Alisa; Ren, Wei; Ye, Zuo-Guang

    2017-10-01

    Relaxor lead magnesium niobate (PMN)-based materials exhibit complex structures and unusual properties that have been puzzling researchers for decades. In this paper, a new ternary solid solution of Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 -PbTiO 3 -Bi(Zn 2/3 Nb 1/3 )O 3 (PMN-PT-BZN) is prepared in the form of ceramics, and the effects of the incorporation of BZN into the PMN-PT binary system are investigated. The crystal structure favors a pseudocubic symmetry and the relaxor properties are enhanced as the concentration of BZN increases. The relaxor behavior and the related phase transformations are studied by dielectric spectroscopy. A phase diagram mapping out the characteristic temperatures and various states is established. Interestingly, the piezoelectricity of the PMN-PT ceramics is significantly enhanced by the BZN substitution, with an optimal value of d 33 reaching 826 pC/N for 0.96[0.7Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 -0.3PbTiO 3 ]-0.04Bi(Zn 2/3 Nb 1/3 )O 3 . This paper provides a better understanding of the relaxor ferroelectric behavior, and unveils a new relaxor-based ternary system as piezoelectric materials potentially useful for electromechanical transducer applications.

  3. AC losses in (Bi,Pb) 2Sr 2Ca 2Cu 3O x tapes

    Science.gov (United States)

    D'Anna, G.; Indenbom, M. V.; André, M.-O.; Benoit, W.; Grivel, J.-C.; Hensel, B.; Flükiger, R.

    1994-05-01

    A double peak structure is observed in the AC losses of (Bi,Pb) 2Sr 2Ca 2Cu 3O x silver-sheathed tapes using a torsion-pendulum oscillator. The low-temperature peak is associated to the intragrain flux expulsion, while the high-temperature peak results from a macroscopic current path around the whole sample due to a well-coupled fraction of the grains. The flux pinning by the dislocations forming small-angle grain boundaries is suggested to control the transport current.

  4. Thermal behavior of GeO{sub 2} doped PbO-B{sub 2}O{sub 3}-ZnO-Bi{sub 2}O{sub 3} glasses

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Cheng Yin [College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082 (China); Xiao Hanning [College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082 (China)]. E-mail: hnxiao@hnu.cn; Guo Weiming [College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082 (China); Guo Wenming [College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082 (China)

    2006-05-15

    PbO-B{sub 2}O{sub 3}-ZnO-Bi{sub 2}O{sub 3} glass is a representative system for vacuum and electronic sealing. Effects of GeO{sub 2} on thermal properties of the glass have been investigated in this paper. Activation energy for crystallization, glass structure, the type of crystals were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and optical microscopy. Results indicate that the addition of GeO{sub 2} (0.4-2 wt.%) to PbO-B{sub 2}O{sub 3}-ZnO-Bi{sub 2}O{sub 3} glass can suppress crystallization of the glass and decrease the sealing temperature. With the increase of GeO{sub 2} content, germanate crystals were revealed, resulting in a slight increase of sealing temperature. When the content of GeO{sub 2} is 0.7 wt.%, the glass possesses the highest stability and lowest sealing temperature (400 deg. C), which is desirable for low-temperature sealing. The coefficient of thermal expansion of PbO-B{sub 2}O{sub 3}-ZnO-Bi{sub 2}O{sub 3} glass was measured by dilatometry. The result shows that the coefficient of thermal expansion of the glass increases with the content of GeO{sub 2}. The adjustability of the coefficient of thermal expansion would expand the applications of PbO-B{sub 2}O{sub 3}-ZnO-Bi{sub 2}O{sub 3} glass. A flexural strength of 28.3 MPa was obtained at the GeO{sub 2} content of 0.7 wt.%, showing good mechanical property for sealing process.

  5. Conductivity and superconductivity of (Bi,Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gazda, M.; Kusz, B.; Klimczuk, T.; Natali, R.; Stizza, S.

    2007-01-01

    The (Bi,Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O glass-ceramics may be considered as disordered metal and superconductor. Depending on the heat treatment conditions the materials are either composed of the oval grains of the 2212 or 2201 phases embedded in the insulating matrix or they mainly contain the 2212 plate-like crystallites weakly connected one with another. The materials have large resistivity and usually large negative temperature coefficient of resistivity (TCR). The granular and disordered character of the materials is also reflected in their superconducting properties. Both the normal-state and superconducting properties correlate one with another. The glass-ceramic samples were obtained by annealing the amorphous solid at temperatures between 840 and 860 deg. C. The measurements of the temperature dependence of resistivity in annealed samples were carried out with the conventional four-terminal method in a temperature range from 3 to 300 K

  6. Detailed analysis of two-particle correlations in central Pb - Au collisions at 158 GeV per nucleon

    CERN Document Server

    Dariusz, Antonczyk

    This thesis presents a two-particle correlation analysis of the fully calibrated high statistics CERES Pb+Au collision data at the top SPS energy, with the emphasis on the pion-proton correlations and the event-plane dependence of the correlation radii. CERES is a dilepton spectrometer at CERN SPS. After the upgrade, which improved the momentum resolution and extended the detector capabilities to hadrons, CERES collected 30 million Pb+Au events at 158 AGeV in the year 2000. A previous Hanbury-Brown-Twiss (HBT) analysis of pion pairs in a subset of these data, together with the results obtained at other beam energies, lead to a new freeze-out criterion [AAA+03]. In this work, the detailed transverse momentum and event-plane dependence of the pion correlation radii, as well as the pion-proton correlations, are discussed in the framework of the blast wave model of the expanding fireball. Furthermore, development of an electron drift velocity gas monitor for the ALICE TPC sub-detector is presented. The new method...

  7. Influence of B4C-doping and high-energy ball milling on phase formation and critical current density of (Bi,Pb)-2223 HTS

    Science.gov (United States)

    Margiani, N. G.; Mumladze, G. A.; Adamia, Z. A.; Kuzanyan, A. S.; Zhghamadze, V. V.

    2018-05-01

    In this paper, the combined effects of B4C-doping and planetary ball milling on the phase evolution, microstructure and transport properties of Bi1.7Pb0.3Sr2Ca2Cu3Oy(B4C)x HTS with x = 0 ÷ 0.125 were studied through X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), resistivity and critical current density measurements. Obtained results have shown that B4C additive leads to the strong acceleration of high-Tc phase formation and substantial enhancement in Jc. High-energy ball milling seems to produce a more homogeneous distribution of refined doped particles in the (Bi,Pb)-2223 HTS which results in an improved intergranular flux pinning and better self-field Jc performance.

  8. The off-stoichiometric Bi1.8Pb0.3Sr2Ca2Cu3.3Ox target for thin films

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Harabor, A.; Deletter, M.

    1996-01-01

    X-ray diffraction (XRD), EDAX, AC susceptibility and resistivity measurements has been used as characterization methods for the Bi-2223 monophase target with the starting stoichiometry Bi 1.8 Pb 0.3 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3.3 O x . Pressure parameter is playing an important role in obtaining good superconducting properties for this compound. Critical currents and activation energy has been calculated from susceptibility and magnetoresistivity curves, respectively. The results could be interpreted in terms of TAPS and TAFF models. (orig.)

  9. The crystal structure of emilite, Cu10.7Pb10.7Bi21.3S48, the second 45 Å derivative of the bismuthinite-aikinite solid-solution series

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Balic-Zunic, Tonci; Topa, Dan; Makovicky, Emil

    2002-01-01

    geology, emilite, Cu10.7Pb10.7Bi21.3S48, aikinite-bismuthinite derivative, crystal structure, Felbertal, scheelite deposit, Austria......geology, emilite, Cu10.7Pb10.7Bi21.3S48, aikinite-bismuthinite derivative, crystal structure, Felbertal, scheelite deposit, Austria...

  10. Separation of 210Pb, 210Bi and 210Po by ion exchange and their Iiquid scintillation standardization; Separacion del 210Pb, 210Bi y 2I0Po mediante columna de cambio ionico y su calibracion por centelleo liquido

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Rodriguez, L.; Jimenez, A.; Grau, A.

    1996-07-01

    We applied the CIEMAT/NIST method and alpha/beta discrimination to ''210Pb samples in equilibrium with its daughters, by preparing homogeneous and gel samples. The stability of samples was tested in different available cocktails, HiSafe''TM II, HiSafe''TM III, Ultima-Gold''TM, Ultima-Gold''TM XR, Ultima-Gold''TM AB, Insta-Gel''R and e Insta-Gel''R lI. Also we analyzed the disequilibrium of the radioactive chain 210Pb+210Bi+210Po, achieving an excellent agreement between the results of the spectrum unfolding method and the experimental values. (Author) 13 refs.

  11. Pb solubility of the high-temperature superconducting phase Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}Ca{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 10+d}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kaesche, S.; Majewski, P.; Aldinger, F. [Max-Planck-Institut fuer Metallforschung, Stuttgart (Germany)] [and others

    1994-12-31

    For the nominal composition of Bi{sub 2.27x}Pb{sub x}Sr{sub 2}Ca{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 10+d} the lead content was varied from x=0.05 to 0.45. The compositions were examined between 830{degrees}C and 890{degrees}C which is supposed to be the temperature range over which the so-called 2223 phase (Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}Ca{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 10+d}) is stable. Only compositions between x=0.18 to 0.36 could be synthesized in a single phase state. For x>0.36 a lead containing phase with a stoichiometry of Pb{sub 4}(Sr,Ca){sub 5}CuO{sub d} is formed, for x<0.18 mainly Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}CaCu{sub 2}O{sub 8+d} and cuprates are the equilibrium phases. The temperature range for the 2223 phase was found to be 830{degrees}C to 890{degrees}C but the 2223 phase has extremely varying cation ratios over this temperature range. Former single phase 2223 samples turn to multi phase samples when annealed at slightly higher or lower temperatures. A decrease in the Pb solubility with increasing temperature was found for the 2223 phase.

  12. Radio frequency response of Ag-sheathed (Bi, Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+x superconducting tapes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Grasso, G.

    2000-01-01

    The response of long (Bi,Pb) 2 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 10 conductors fabricated by the oxide-powder-in-tube method to a radio frequency excitation was investigated while employed as the inductive part of large L-C resonating circuits. After removal of the outer silver sheath, superconducting devices cooled down to 77 K showed superior properties compared to equivalent non-superconducting circuits: Bi-based resonators, conceived for a working frequency in the range between 5 and 17 MHz, presented an improvement of the quality factor by a factor of 20. This result opens new perspectives for the application of Bi-based superconducting materials in the detection of a weak radio frequency signal, as in magnetic resonance imaging. (author)

  13. Analysis of complete fusion excitation functions for 7Li+152Sm, 197Au and 209Bi reactions at around barrier energies

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kharab, Rajesh; Chahal, Rajiv; Kumar, Rajiv

    2017-01-01

    In the present work we have analyzed the fusion excitation function for CF process using the simple Wong’s formula in conjunction with the energy dependent Woods-Saxon potential (EDWSP) in near barrier energy region for 7 Li+ 152 Sm, 197 Au and 209 Bi reactions

  14. Event-by-event fluctuations of the mean transverse momentum in 40, 80, and 158 AGeV/c Pb-Au collisions

    CERN Document Server

    AUTHOR|(CDS)2073202; Appelshäuser, H; Belaga, V; Braun-Munzinger, P; Campagnolo, R; Castillo, A; Cherlin, A; Damjanovic, S; Dietel, T; Dietrich, L; Drees, A; Esumi, S; Filimonov, K; Fomenko, K; Fraenkel, Zeev; Garabatos, C; Glässel, P; Hering, G; Holeczek, J; Kushpil, V; Lenkeit, B C; Ludolphs, W; Maas, A; Marin, A; Milosevic, J; Milov, A; Miskowiec, D; Musa, L; Panebratsev, Yu A; Petchenova, O Yu; Petracek, V; Pfeiffer, A; Rak, J; Ravinovich, I; Rehak, P; Richter, M; Sako, H; Schmitz, W; Schükraft, J; Sedykh, S; Seipp, W; Sharma, A; Shimansky, S S; Slivova, J; Specht, H J; Stachel, J; Sumbera, M; Tilsner, H; Tserruya, Itzhak; Wessels, J P; Wienold, T; Windelband, B; Wurm, J P; Xie, W; Yurevich, S; Yurevich, V

    2003-01-01

    Measurements of event-by-event fluctuations of the mean transverse momentum in Pb-Au collisions at 40, 80, and 158 AGeV/c are presented. A significant excess of mean $p_{T}$ fluctuations at midrapidity is observed over the expectation from statistically independent particle emission. The results are somewhat smaller than recent measurements at RHIC. A possible nonmonotonic behavior of the mean $p_{T}$ fluctuations as function of collision energy, which may have indicated that the system has passed the critical point of the QCD phase diagram in the range of $\\mu_{B}$ under investigation, has not been observed. The centrality dependence of mean $p_{T}$ fluctuations in Pb-Au is consistent with an extrapolation from $pp$ collisions assuming that the nonstatistical fluctuations scale with multiplicity. The results are compared to calculations by the RQMD and URQMD event generators.

  15. Creep Behavior of a Sn-Ag-Bi Pb-Free Solder

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vianco, Paul; Rejent, Jerome; Grazier, Mark; Kilgo, Alice

    2012-01-01

    Compression creep tests were performed on the ternary 91.84Sn-3.33Ag-4.83Bi (wt.%, abbreviated Sn-Ag-Bi) Pb-free alloy. The test temperatures were: −25 °C, 25 °C, 75 °C, 125 °C, and 160 °C (± 0.5 °C). Four loads were used at the two lowest temperatures and five at the higher temperatures. The specimens were tested in the as-fabricated condition or after having been subjected to one of two air aging conditions: 24 hours at either 125 °C or 150 °C. The strain-time curves exhibited frequent occurrences of negative creep and small-scale fluctuations, particularly at the slower strain rates, that were indicative of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) activity. The source of tertiary creep behavior at faster strain rates was likely to also be DRX rather than a damage accumulation mechanism. Overall, the strain-time curves did not display a consistent trend that could be directly attributed to the aging condition. The sinh law equation satisfactorily represented the minimum strain rate as a function of stress and temperature so as to investigate the deformation rate kinetics: dε/dtmin = Asinhn (ασ) exp (−ΔH/RT). The values of α, n, and ΔH were in the following ranges (±95% confidence interval): α, 0.010–0.015 (±0.005 1/MPa); n, 2.2–3.1 (±0.5); and ΔH, 54–66 (±8 kJ/mol). The rate kinetics analysis indicated that short-circuit diffusion was a contributing mechanism to dislocation motion during creep. The rate kinetics analysis also determined that a minimum creep rate trend could not be developed between the as-fabricated versus aged conditions. This study showed that the elevated temperature aging treatments introduced multiple changes to the Sn-Ag-Bi microstructure that did not result in a simple loss (“softening”) of its mechanical strength.

  16. Evidence for charge transfer in Bi-based superconductors studied by positron annihilation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tang, Z.; Wang, S.J.; Gao, X.H.; Ce, G.C.; Zhao, Z.X.

    1993-01-01

    We have measured Doppler-broadening annihilation radiation (DBAR) spectra and positron lifetimes in normal and superconducting states for three kinds of Bi-based superconductors: Bi2212, Pb-doped Bi2223, Pb- and F-doped Bi2223. The difference spectra after deconvolution between two states show a sharpening effect with increasing temperature; the F-doped sample has the greatest amplitude in difference spectra but nearly the same positron lifetimes as the Pb-doped sample. The results are interpreted in terms of charge transfer between the Cu-O and Bi-O planes. The role of oxygen defects in charge transfer is discussed. (orig.)

  17. Photon mass attenuation coefficients of a silicon resin loaded with WO3, PbO, and Bi2O3 Micro and Nano-particles for radiation shielding

    Science.gov (United States)

    Verdipoor, Khatibeh; Alemi, Abdolali; Mesbahi, Asghar

    2018-06-01

    Novel shielding materials for photons based on silicon resin and WO3, PbO, and Bi2O3 Micro and Nano-particles were designed and their mass attenuation coefficients were calculated using Monte Carlo (MC) method. Using lattice cards in MCNPX code, micro and nanoparticles with sizes of 100 nm and 1 μm was designed inside a silicon resin matrix. Narrow beam geometry was simulated to calculate the attenuation coefficients of samples against mono-energetic beams of Co60 (1.17 and 1.33 MeV), Cs137 (663.8 KeV), and Ba133 (355.9 KeV). The shielding samples made of nanoparticles had higher mass attenuation coefficients, up to 17% relative to those made of microparticles. The superiority of nano-shields relative to micro-shields was dependent on the filler concentration and the energy of photons. PbO, and Bi2O3 nanoparticles showed higher attenuation compared to WO3 nanoparticles in studied energies. Fabrication of novel shielding materials using PbO, and Bi2O3 nanoparticles is recommended for application in radiation protection against photon beams.

  18. Search for 1/sup +/ states in /sup 208/Pb by /sup 208/Pb(p, p') and the /sup 209/Bi(d, /sup 3/He) reactions

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ikegami, H.; Yamazaki, T.; Morinobu, S.; Katayama, I.; Fujiwara, M. [Osaka Univ., Suita (Japan). Research Center for Nuclear Physics; Ikegami, Hidetsugu; Muraoka, Mitsuo [eds.; Osaka Univ., Suita (Japan). Research Center for Nuclear Physics

    1980-01-01

    Proton inelastic scattering experiment on Pb-208 was carried out by using 65 MeV protons from a 230 cm AVF cyclotron, to study the 1/sup +/ states in Pb-208. The momentum of outgoing protons was analyzed by the magnetic spectrograph RAIDEN. The 7.06 MeV state was very weakly excited. In order to identify 1/sup +/ states from the angular distributions of the inelastic scattering, the proton spectra scattered from the well known 1/sup +/ state in Pb-206 were measured. because of masking by a strong neighbouring peak, the differential cross section of the 1/sup +/ state was measured only at two points. The comparison between the experiment and distorted wave calculation for the 1/sup +/ state (1.703 MeV) in Pb-206 was made, and the results implied that the 1/sup +/ states in Pb-208 would also be weakly excited even if these states are good particle-hole states, Next, Bi-209 (d, He-3) reaction experiment was performed. The comparison between the preliminary results and the calculated results based on the shell model is shown in a figure. The overall agreement between the experimental and theoretical results seems to be good. However, the existence of the 1/sup +/ state has not been confirmed, and will be confirmed in the next step to be done.

  19. Structural and Moessbauer Effect Studies of 0.7Bi0.95Dy0.05FeO3-0.3Pb(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3 Multiferroic

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Stoch, A.; Kulawik, J.; Stoch, P.; Maurin, J.; Zachariasz, P.

    2011-01-01

    0.7Bi 0.95 Dy 0.05 FeO 3 -0.3Pb(Fe 0.5 Nb 0.5 )O 3 is a multiferroic material which exhibits ferroelectric and antiferromagnetic ordering. In this paper the way of the synthesis of 0.7Bi 0.95 Dy 0.05 FeO 3 -0.3Pb(Fe 0.5 Nb 0.5 )O 3 is presented. The detailed X-ray and Moessbauer effect studies were done and crystal and hyperfine interaction parameters were obtained. (authors)

  20. Azimuthal dependence of pion source radii in Pb + Au collisions at 158 A GeV

    CERN Document Server

    AUTHOR|(CDS)2073202; Andronic, A; Antonczyk, D; Appelshäuser, H; Belaga, V; Bielcikova, J; Braun-Munzinger, P; Busch, O; Cherlin, A; Damjanovic, S; Dietel, T; Dietrich, L; Drees, A; Dubitzky, W; Esumi, S I; Filimonov, K; Fomenko, K; Fraenkel, Zeev; Garabatos, C; Glässel, P; Hering, G; Holeczek, J; Kalisky, M; Kniege, S; Kushpil, V; Maas, A; Marin, A; Milosevic, J; Miskowiec, D; Ortega, R; Panebratsev, Yu A; Petchenova, O; Petracek, V; Ploskon, M; Radomski, S; Rak, J; Ravinovich, I; Rehak, P; Sako, H; Schmitz, W; Schuchmann, S; Schükraft, J; Sedykh, S; Shimansky, S; Soualah, R; Stachel, J; Sumbera, M; Tilsner, H; Tserruya, Itzhak; Tsiledakis, G; Wessels, J P; Wienold, T; Wurm, J P; Yurevich, S; Yurevich, V

    2008-01-01

    We present results of a two-pion correlation analysis performed with the Au+Pb collision data collected by the upgraded CERES experiment in the fall of 2000. The analysis was done in bins of the reaction centrality and the pion azimuthal emission angle with respect to the reaction plane. The pion source, deduced from the data, is slightly elongated in the direction perpendicular to the reaction plane, similarly as was observed at the AGS and at RHIC.

  1. Using p-type PbS Quantum Dots to Quench Photocurrent of Fullerene-Au NP@MoS2 Composite Structure for Ultrasensitive Photoelectrochemical Detection of ATP.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Meng-Jie; Zheng, Ying-Ning; Liang, Wen-Bin; Yuan, Ruo; Chai, Ya-Qin

    2017-12-06

    Ultrasensitive and rapid quantification of the universal energy currency adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an extremely critical mission in clinical applications. In this work, a "signal-off" photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensor was designed for ultrasensitive ATP detection based on a fullerene (C 60 )-decorated Au nanoparticle@MoS 2 (C 60 -Au NP@MoS 2 ) composite material as a signal indicator and a p-type PbS quantum dot (QD) as an efficient signal quencher. Modification of wide band gap C 60 with narrow band gap MoS 2 to form an ideal PEC signal indicator was proposed, which could significantly improve photocurrent conversion efficiency, leading to a desirable PEC signal. In the presence of p-type PbS QDs, the PEC signal of n-type C 60 -Au NP@MoS 2 was effectively quenched because p-type PbS QDs could compete with C 60 -Au NP@MoS 2 to consume light energy and electron donor. Besides, the conversion of a limited amount of target ATP into an amplified output PbS QD-labeled short DNA sequence (output S 1 ) was achieved via target-mediated aptazyme cycling amplification strategy, facilitating ultrasensitive ATP detection. The proposed signal-off PEC strategy exhibited a wide linear range from 1.00 × 10 -2 pM to 100 nM with a low detection limit of 3.30 fM. Importantly, this proposed strategy provides a promising platform to detect ATP at ultralow levels and has potential applications, including diagnosis of ATP-related diseases, monitoring of diseases progression and evaluation of prognosis.

  2. LA-ICP-MS U-Th-Pb Dating and Trace Element Geochemistry of Allanite: Implications on the Different Skarn Metallogenesis between the Giant Beiya Au and Machangqing Cu-Mo-(Au Deposits in Yunnan, SW China

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yu Fu

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available The giant Beiya Au skarn deposit and Machangqing porphyry Cu-Mo-(Au deposit are located in the middle part of the Jinshajiang–Ailaoshan alkaline porphyry metallogenic belt. The Beiya deposit is the largest Au skarn deposit in China, whilst the Machangqing deposit comprises a well-developed porphyry-skarn-epithermal Cu-Mo-(Au mineral system. In this paper, we present new allanite U-Th-Pb ages and trace element geochemical data from the two deposits and discuss their respective skarn metallogenesis. Based on the mineral assemblage, texture and Th/U ratio, the allanite from the Beiya and Machangqing deposits are likely hydrothermal rather than magmatic. Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS allanite U-Th-Pb dating has yielded Th-Pb isochron ages of 33.4 ± 4.6 Ma (MSWD = 0.22 (Beiya and 35.4 ± 9.8 Ma (MSWD = 0.26 (Machangqing, representing the retrograde alteration and magnetite skarn mineralization age of the two deposits. The Beiya and Machangqing alkali porphyry-related mineralization are synchronous and genetically linked to the magmatic hydrothermal activities of the Himalayan orogenic event. Major and trace element compositions reveal that the Beiya allanite has higher Fe3+/(Fe3+ + Fe2+ ratios, U content and Th content than the Machangqing allanite, which indicate a higher oxygen fugacity and F content for the ore-forming fluids at Beiya. Such differences in the ore-forming fluids may have contributed to the different metallogenic scales and metal types in the Beiya and Machangqing deposit.

  3. Coordination chemistry of the sup 212 Pb/ sup 212 Bi nuclear transformation: Alpha-emitting radiopharmaceuticals

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Parks, N.J.; Harris, W.R.; Keen, C.L.; Cooper, S.R.

    1992-07-01

    Subdivisions of this project are: (a) the synthesis of prototypical thiolate and dithiocarbamate based hexacoordinate complexes, (b) radiochemical engineering for generation of no-carrier-added lead and bismuth radioelements, (c) the first isolation of bismuth-binding proteins from in vivo studies with cyclotron produced {sup 205/206}Bi tracer, and (d) initial development of transport mechanisms for the intracellular radiobiological study of alpha emitting bismuth, and (e) the initiation of chemical equilibrium studies and biochemical pathways with cyclotron-produced, no-carrier-added, {sup 203}Pb (T{sub 1/2} = 51 hr).

  4. Superconducting energy gap of BaPb/sub 1-//sub x/Bi/sub x/O3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Schlesinger, Z.; Collins, R.T.; Scott, B.A.; Calise, J.A.

    1988-01-01

    We report the first infrared measurement of the superconducting energy gap of BaPb/sub 1-//sub x/Bi/sub x/O 3 . In our polycrystalline samples with T/sub c/≅9.5 K (x≅0.2) we obtain 2Δ≅3.2kT/sub c/, roughly in agreement with the weak-coupling Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer prediction, 2Δ = 3.5kT/sub c/, and with tunneling measurements of the gap. We do not observe any structure above the gap energy associated with strong coupling

  5. Excellent corrosion resistance of 18Cr-20Ni-5Si steel in liquid Pb-Bi

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kurata, Y.; Futakawa, M.

    2004-01-01

    The corrosion properties of three austenitic steels with different Si contents were studied under oxygen-saturated liquid Pb-Bi condition for 3000 h. The three austenitic steels did not exhibit appreciable dissolution of Ni and Cr at 450 deg. C. At 550 deg. C, the thick ferrite layer produced by dissolution of Ni and Cr was found in JPCA and 316SS with low Si contents while the protective oxide film composed of Si and O was formed on 18Cr-20Ni-5Si steel and prevented dissolution of Ni and Cr

  6. Fission threshold determination of 209Bi and sup(204,206,207,208)Pb by electrofission

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tuerck, D.

    1975-01-01

    At the Darmstadt electron linear accelerator the cross sections for the electrofission of 209 Bi were measured for electron energies between 24 and 70 MeV, for the separated lead isotopes sup(204,206,207,208)Pb between 38 and 50 MeV. For the determination of the fission thresholds the cross sections were examined by the virtuel photon method using calculations in first Born approximation for the point nucleus with Coulomb wave functions. The analytic functions fitting the fission probability were based on level densities after the Fermi-gas-model. (orig./WL) [de

  7. Ferroelectric properties of sandwich structured (Bi, La)4T3O12/Pb(Zr, Ti)O3/ (Bi, La)4Ti3O12 thin films on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bao Dinghua; Wakiya, Naoki; Shinozaki, Kazuo; Mizutani, Nobuyasu

    2002-01-01

    Sandwich structured (Bi, La) 4 Ti 3 O 12 /Pb(Zr, Ti)O 3 /(Bi, La) 4 Ti 3 O 12 thin films were fabricated on Pt/Ti/SiO 2 /Si substrates, with the intention of simultaneously utilizing the advantages of both (Bi, La) 4 Ti 3 O 12 (BLT) and Pb(Zr, Ti)O 3 (PZT) thin films such as non-fatigue behaviours of BLT and good ferroelectric properties of PZT. Both BLT and PZT layers were prepared by a chemical solution deposition technique. The experiments demonstrated that the sandwich structure showed fatigue-free characteristics at least up to 10 10 switching bipolar pulse cycles under 8 V and excellent retention properties. The sandwich structured thin films also exhibited well-defined hysteresis loops with a remanent polarization (2P r ) of 8.8 μC cm -2 and a coercive field (E c ) of 47 kV cm -1 . The room-temperature dielectric constant and dissipation factor were 210 and 0.031, respectively, at a frequency of 100 kHz. These results suggest that this sandwich structure is a promising material combination for ferroelectric memory applications. (author)

  8. Sem-EDAX'S Application For Characterization Of Superconductor Material Of (Bi,Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Handayani, Ari; Wuryanto; Prambudi, Bambang

    1996-01-01

    The microstructure and composition analysis of superconductor material of (Bi,Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O which were synthesized by two different processes (CA and CD Process) by varying the sintering time, i.e. 20,60 and 100 hours were done by using SEM-EDAX method. The standard sample of superconductor material of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O with 1112, 2212 and 2223 phase from Stream has been used for comparison, At 25 kV, the composition analysis showed that, at 20 and 60 hours of sintering, a mixture of phases existed while 100 hours of sintering resulted in a phase close to phase 2223. The result of microstructure observation showed significant differences. At synthesized CA process, 100 hours of sintering gives bigger and clearer platelet microstructure shape than that given by 20 and 60 hours of sintering. Also from the synthesized CD process, the 60 and 100 hours of sintering gives bigger and clearer platelet microstructure shape than that given by the 20 hours of sintering

  9. Efficient CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite/fullerene planar heterojunction hybrid solar cells with oxidized Ni/Au/Cu transparent electrode

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lai, Wei-Chih; Lin, Kun-Wei; Guo, Tzung-Fang; Chen, Peter; Liao, Yuan-Yu

    2018-02-01

    We demonstrated the performance of inverted CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite-based solar cells (SCs) with a thermally oxidized nickel/gold/copper (Ni/Au/Cu) trilayer transparent electrode. Oxidized Ni/Au/Cu is a high transparent layer and has less resistance than the oxidized Ni/Au layer. Like the oxidized Ni/Au layer, oxidized Ni and Cu in oxidized Ni/Au/Cu could perform as a hole transport layer of the perovskite-based SCs. It leads to improved perovskite SC performance on an open circuit voltage of 1.01 V, a short circuit current density of 14.36 mA/cm2, a fill factor of 76.7%, and a power conversion efficiency (η%) of 11.1%. The η% of perovskite SCs with oxidized Ni (10 nm)/Au (6 nm)/Cu (1 nm) improved by approximately 10% compared with that of perovskite SCs with oxidized Ni/Au.

  10. Description of charged particle pseudorapidity distributions in Pb+Pb collisions with Tsallis thermodynamics

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gao, Y. [Hangzhou Dianzi University, School of Information Engineering, Hangzhou (China); Zheng, H. [INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Catania (Italy); Zhu, L.L. [Sichuan University, College of Physical Science and Technology, Chengdu (China); Bonasera, A. [INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Catania (Italy); Texas A and M University, Cyclotron Institute, College Station, TX (United States)

    2017-10-15

    The centrality dependence of pseudorapidity distributions for charged particles produced in Au+Au collisions at √(s{sub NN}) = 130 GeV and 200 GeV at RHIC, and in Pb+Pb collisions at √(s{sub NN}) = 2.76 TeV at LHC are investigated in the fireball model, assuming that the rapidity axis is populated with fireballs following one distribution function. We assume that the particles in the fireball fulfill the Tsallis distribution. The theoretical results are compared with the experimental measurements and a good agreement is found. Using these results, the pseudorapidity distributions of charged particles produced in Pb+Pb central collisions at √(s{sub NN}) = 5.02 TeV and 10 TeV are predicted. (orig.)

  11. Event-by-event fluctuations of the mean transverse momentum in 40, 80, and 158 A GeV/c Pb-Au collisions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Adamova, D.; Agakichiev, G.; Appelshaeuser, H.; Belaga, V.; Braun-Munzinger, P.; Campagnolo, R.; Castillo, A.; Cherlin, A.; Damjanovic, S.; Dietel, T.; Dietrich, L.; Drees, A.; Esumi, S.; Filimonov, K.; Fomenko, K.; Fraenkel, Z.; Garabatos, C.; Glaessel, P.; Hering, G.; Holeczek, J.; Kushpil, V.; Lenkeit, B.; Ludolphs, W.; Maas, A.; Marin, A.; Milosevic, J.; Milov, A.; Miskowiec, D.; Musa, L.; Panebrattsev, Yu.; Petchenova, O.; Petracek, V.; Pfeiffer, A.; Rak, J.; Ravinovich, I.; Rehak, P.; Richter, M.; Sako, H.; Schmitz, W.; Schukraft, J.; Sedykh, S.; Seipp, W.; Sharma, A.; Shimansky, S.; Slivova, J.; Specht, H.J.; Stachel, J.; Sumbera, M.; Tilsner, H.; Tserruya, I.; Wessels, J.P.; Wienold, T.; Windelband, B.; Wurm, J.P.; Xie, W.; Yurevich, S.; Yurevich, V.

    2003-01-01

    Measurements of event-by-event fluctuations of the mean transverse momentum in Pb-Au collisions at 40, 80, and 158 A GeV/c are presented. A significant excess of mean p T fluctuations at mid-rapidity is observed over the expectation from statistically independent particle emission. The results are somewhat smaller than recent measurements at RHIC. A possible non-monotonic behavior of the mean p T fluctuations as function of collision energy, which may have indicated that the system has passed the critical point of the QCD phase diagram in the range of μ B under investigation, has not been observed. The centrality dependence of mean p T fluctuations in Pb-Au is consistent with an extrapolation from pp collisions assuming that the non-statistical fluctuations scale with multiplicity. The results are compared to calculations by the RQMD and URQMD event generators

  12. Strain-Mediated Interfacial Dynamics during Au–PbS Core–Shell Nanostructure Formation

    KAUST Repository

    Niu, Kai-Yang; Liu, Miao; Persson, Kristin A.; Han, Yu; Zheng, Haimei

    2016-01-01

    An understanding of the hierarchical nanostructure formation is of significant importance for the design of advanced functional materials. Here, we report the in situ study of lead sulfide (PbS) growth on gold (Au) nanorod seeds using liquid cell transmission electron microscopy (TEM). By tracking the formation dynamics of Au-PbS core-shell nanoparticles, we found the preferential heterogeneous nucleation of PbS on the ends of a Au nanorod prior to the development of a complete PdS shell. During PbS shell growth, drastic sulfidation of Au nanorod was observed, leading to large volume shrinkage (up to 50%) of the initial Au nanorod seed. We also captured intriguing wavy interfacial behavior, which can be explained by our DFT calculation results that the local strain gradient at the core-shell interface facilitates the mass transport and mediates reversible phase transitions of AuAu2S during the PbS shell growth. © 2016 American Chemical Society.

  13. Strain-Mediated Interfacial Dynamics during Au–PbS Core–Shell Nanostructure Formation

    KAUST Repository

    Niu, Kai-Yang

    2016-05-23

    An understanding of the hierarchical nanostructure formation is of significant importance for the design of advanced functional materials. Here, we report the in situ study of lead sulfide (PbS) growth on gold (Au) nanorod seeds using liquid cell transmission electron microscopy (TEM). By tracking the formation dynamics of Au-PbS core-shell nanoparticles, we found the preferential heterogeneous nucleation of PbS on the ends of a Au nanorod prior to the development of a complete PdS shell. During PbS shell growth, drastic sulfidation of Au nanorod was observed, leading to large volume shrinkage (up to 50%) of the initial Au nanorod seed. We also captured intriguing wavy interfacial behavior, which can be explained by our DFT calculation results that the local strain gradient at the core-shell interface facilitates the mass transport and mediates reversible phase transitions of AuAu2S during the PbS shell growth. © 2016 American Chemical Society.

  14. Structural and Moessbauer Effect Studies of 0.5Bi0.95Dy0.05FeO3-0.5Pb(Fe2/3W1/3)O3 Multiferroic

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Stoch, A.; Zachariasz, P.; Stoch, P.; Kulawik, J.; Maurin, J.

    2011-01-01

    A polycrystalline ceramic of 0.5Bi 0.95 Dy 0.05 FeO 3 -0.5Pb(Fe 2/3 W 1/3 )O 3 was synthesized from a solid-state reaction method. At room temperature material exhibits both magnetic and electric dipolar properties simultaneously. Detailed X-ray diffraction analysis and Moessbauer effect studies have been done to determine the crystallographic structure and magnetic properties of 0.5Bi 0.95 Dy 0.05 FeO 3 -0.5Pb(Fe 2/3 W 1/3 )O 3 . T N temperature was estimated at around 600 K. (authors)

  15. Screening Effect in (pn) Reactions on Heavy Element Targets 82206Pb, 92238U, 74184W, 79197Au

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nguyen Mong Giao; Le Thi Thanh Truc; Nguyen Thi Ai Thu

    2010-07-01

    We present a simple model to calculate multiplicities of the neutrons emitted in the interaction of a proton beam energy from 0.5 GeV to 1.5 GeV on some targets such as 82 206 Pb, 79 197 Au, 92 238 U using the database of the JENDL-HE library. The results are compared with other Models and the available experimental data. The agreement is satisfactory. (author)

  16. Event-by-event fluctuations of the mean transverse momentum in 40, 80, and 158 A GeV/c Pb-Au collisions

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Adamova, D.; Agakichiev, G.; Appelshaeuser, H. E-mail: appels@physi.uni-heidelberg.de; Belaga, V.; Braun-Munzinger, P.; Campagnolo, R.; Castillo, A.; Cherlin, A.; Damjanovic, S.; Dietel, T.; Dietrich, L.; Drees, A.; Esumi, S.; Filimonov, K.; Fomenko, K.; Fraenkel, Z.; Garabatos, C.; Glaessel, P.; Hering, G.; Holeczek, J.; Kushpil, V.; Lenkeit, B.; Ludolphs, W.; Maas, A.; Marin, A.; Milosevic, J.; Milov, A.; Miskowiec, D.; Musa, L.; Panebrattsev, Yu.; Petchenova, O.; Petracek, V.; Pfeiffer, A.; Rak, J.; Ravinovich, I.; Rehak, P.; Richter, M.; Sako, H.; Schmitz, W.; Schukraft, J.; Sedykh, S.; Seipp, W.; Sharma, A.; Shimansky, S.; Slivova, J.; Specht, H.J.; Stachel, J.; Sumbera, M.; Tilsner, H.; Tserruya, I.; Wessels, J.P.; Wienold, T.; Windelband, B.; Wurm, J.P.; Xie, W.; Yurevich, S.; Yurevich, V

    2003-11-03

    Measurements of event-by-event fluctuations of the mean transverse momentum in Pb-Au collisions at 40, 80, and 158 A GeV/c are presented. A significant excess of mean p{sub T} fluctuations at mid-rapidity is observed over the expectation from statistically independent particle emission. The results are somewhat smaller than recent measurements at RHIC. A possible non-monotonic behavior of the mean p{sub T} fluctuations as function of collision energy, which may have indicated that the system has passed the critical point of the QCD phase diagram in the range of {mu}{sub B} under investigation, has not been observed. The centrality dependence of mean p{sub T} fluctuations in Pb-Au is consistent with an extrapolation from pp collisions assuming that the non-statistical fluctuations scale with multiplicity. The results are compared to calculations by the RQMD and URQMD event generators.

  17. Event-by-event fluctuations of the mean transverse momentum in 40, 80, and 158 A GeV/c Pb-Au collisions

    CERN Document Server

    Adamova, D; Appelshäuser, H; Belaga, V V; Braun-Munzinger, P; Campagnolo, R; Castillo, A; Cherlin, A; Damjanovic, S; Dietel, T; Dietrich, L; Drees, A; Esumi, S; Filimonov, K; Fomenko, K; Fraenkel, Zeev; Garabatos, C; Glässel, P; Hering, G; Holeczek, J; Kushpil, V; Lenkeit, B C; Ludolphs, W; Maas, A; Marin, A; Milosevic, J; Milov, A; Miskowiec, D; Musa, L; Panebratsev, Yu A; Petchenova, O Yu; Petracek, V; Pfeiffer, A; Rak, J; Ravinovich, I; Rehak, P; Richter, M; Sako, H; Schmitz, W; Schükraft, Jürgen; Sedykh, S; Seipp, W; Sharma, A; Shimansky, S S; Slivova, J; Specht, H J; Stachel, J; Sumbera, M; Tilsner, H; Tserruya, Itzhak; Wessels, J P; Wienold, T; Windelband, B; Wurm, J P; Xie, W; Yurevich, S; Yurevich, V I

    2003-01-01

    Measurements of event-by-event fluctuations of the mean transverse momentum in Pb-Au collisions at 40, 80, and 158 A GeV/c are presented. A significant excess of mean p_T fluctuations at mid-rapidity is observed over the expectation from statistically independent particle emission. The results are somewhat smaller than recent measurements at RHIC. A possible non-monotonic behaviour of the mean p_T fluctuations as function of collision energy, which may have indicated that the system has passed the critical point of the QCD phase diagram in the range of mu_B under investigation, has not been observed. The centrality dependence of mean p_T fluctuations in Pb-Au is consistent with an extrapolation from pp collisions assuming that the non-statistical fluctuations scale with multiplicity. The results are compared to calculations by the RQMD and UrQMD event generators.

  18. Nuclear disassembly of the (Pb+Au) system at Elab=29 MeV per nucleon

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Piasecki, E.; Kordyasz, A.; Bresson, S.; Crema, E.; Galin, J.; Guerreau, D.; Morjean, M.; Paulot, C.; Pouthas, J.; Jastrzebski, J.; Pienkowski, L.; Skulski, W.; Lott, B.; Quednau, B.; Schroder, W.U.; Toeke, J.

    1990-01-01

    Nuclei, with Z up to 82, emitted in the 208 Pb+ 197 Au reaction at E lab =29 MeV per nucleon, have been measured as a function of the associated neutron multiplicity. The data reveal the presence of strong correlations between character of a collision and neutron multiplicity. The trends suggest a disassembly of the nuclear system into a large number of nucleons and small fragments in the events with the highest neutron multiplicity. In such events, approximately one third of the neutrons are released from the system and fragments yields decrease in an exponential fashion with increasing mass

  19. Phase transition in vortex system in Bi2212:Pb monocrystal

    CERN Document Server

    Uspenskaya, L S; Rakhmanov, A L

    2002-01-01

    Penetration of the magnetic flux into the (Bi sub 0 sub . sub 8 sub 4 Pb sub 0 sub . sub 1 sub 6) sub 2 sub . sub 2 Sr sub 2 CaCu sub 2 O sub 8 high-temperature superconductor monocrystal is studied thorough the magnetooptical method in the crossed magnetic fields. It is shown that the magnetic flux penetration in the low-temperature areas is anisotropic: it moves primarily along the magnetic field, applied in the sample plane, and this anisotropy grows with the temperature growth. At the temperature of T sub m = 54 +- 2 K there takes place sharp change in the character of the magnetic field penetration into the superconductor, whereby the direction of the flux motion discontinues to be dependent on the direction and value of the magnetic field applied in the sample plane. This effect is interpreted within the frames of representations on the phase transition in the vortex system connected with a sharp decrease in the correlations of the vortex position in the different CuO-planes

  20. Comparison of reactions for the production of 258,257Db: 208Pb(51V,xn) and 209Bi(50Ti,xn)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gates, Jacklyn M.; Nelson, Sarah L.; Gregorich, Kenneth E.; Dragojevic, Irena; Dullmann, Christoph E.; Ellison, Paul A.; Folden III, Charles M.; Garcia, Mitch A.; Stavsetra, Liv; Sudowe, Ralf; Hoffman, Darleane C.; Nitsche, Heino

    2008-09-29

    Excitation functions for the 1n and 2n exit channels of the 208Pb(51V,xn)259-xDb reaction were measured. A maximum cross section of the 1n exit channel of 2070+1100/-760 pb was measured at an excitation energy of 16.0 +- 1.8 MeV. For the 2n exit channel, a maximum cross section of 1660+450/-370 pb was measured at 22.0 +- 1.8 MeV excitation energy. The 1n excitation function for the 209Bi(50Ti,n)258Db reaction was remeasured, resulting in a cross section of 5480+1750/-1370 pb at an excitation energy of 16.0 +- 1.6 MeV, in agreement with previous values [F. P. Hebberger, et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 12, 57 (2001)]. Differences in cross section maxima are discussed in terms of the fusion probability below the barrier.

  1. Adsorption-controlled growth of ferroelectric PbTiO{sub 3} and Bi{sub 4}Ti{sub 3}O{sub 12} films for nonvolatile memory applications by MBE

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Theis, C.D.; Yeh, J.; Schlom, D.G. [Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States). Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering; Hawley, M.E.; Brown, G.W. [Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States). Center for Materials Science

    1997-09-01

    Epitaxial PbTiO{sub 3} and Bi{sub 4}Ti{sub 3}O{sub 12} thin films have been grown on (100) SrTiO{sub 3} and (100) LaAlO{sub 3} substrates by reactive molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Titanium is supplied to the film in the form of shuttered bursts each containing a one monolayer dose of titanium atoms for the growth of PbTiO{sub 3} and three monolayers for the growth of Bi{sub 4}Ti{sub 3}O{sub 12}. Lead, bismuth, and ozone are continuously supplied to the surface of the depositing film. Growth of phase pure, c-axis oriented epitaxial films with bulk lattice constants is achieved using an overpressure of these volatile species. With the proper choice of substrate temperature (600--650 C) and ozone background pressure (P{sub O{sub 3}} = 2 {times} 10{sup {minus}5} Torr), the excess of the volatile metals and ozone desorb from the surface of the depositing film leaving a phase-pure stoichiometric crystal. The smooth PbTiO{sub 3} surface morphology revealed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) suggests that the PbTiO{sub 3} films grow in a layer-by-layer fashion. In contrast the Bi{sub 4}Ti{sub 3}O{sub 12} films contain islands which evolve either continuously or around screw dislocations via a spiral-type growth mechanism.

  2. Lead Telluride Doped with Au as a Very Promising Material for Thermoelectric Applications

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pantelija M. Nikolic

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available PbTe single crystals doped with monovalent Au or Cu were grown using the Bridgman method. Far infrared reflectivity spectra were measured at room temperature for all samples and plasma minima were registered. These experimental spectra were numerically analyzed and optical parameters were calculated. All the samples of PbTe doped with Au or Cu were of the “n” type. The properties of these compositions were analyzed and compared with PbTe containing other dopants. The samples of PbTe doped with only 3.3 at% Au were the best among the PbTe + Au samples having the lowest plasma frequency and the highest mobility of free carriers-electrons, while PbTe doped with Cu was the opposite. Samples with the lowest Cu concentration of 0.23 at% Cu had the best properties. Thermal diffusivity and electronic transport properties of the same PbTe doped samples were also investigated using a photoacoustic (PA method with the transmission detection configuration. The results obtained with the far infrared and photoacoustic characterization of PbTe doped samples were compared and discussed. Both methods confirmed that when PbTe was doped with 3.3 at% Au, thermoelectric and electrical properties of this doped semiconductor were both significantly improved, so Au as a dopant in PbTe could be used as a new high quality thermoelectric material.

  3. Capture reactions of 40Ca and 48Ca with targets of 197Au and 208Pb

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Stokstad, R.; Chan, Y.; Chavez, E.

    1988-03-01

    The reactions of 40 Ca and 48 Ca with targets of 197 Au and 208 Pb have been measured in the region from below the interaction barrier to about twice the barrier energy. The fission-like fragments were detected in a pair of position-sensitive, multi-wire proportional counters and were identified from measurements of position and time using two-body kinematics. In the region above the barrier the cross sections for capture are less than those given by the touching condition, indicating that an /open quotes/extra push/close quotes/ is required to induce capture. The observations for 40 Ca and 48 Ca show different fissilities for the onset of the extra push and indicate that charge equilibration may be an important factor governing capture reactions. Below the barrier the cross sections show an enhancement relative to the prediction for a one dimensional barrier. The enhancements are larger for 40 Ca than for 48 Ca (for both targets) and this is in qualitative agreement with predictions based on the coupling of the relative motion to low-lying collective states. Both above and below the barrier, we find that the change in the light partner, from 48 Ca to 40 Ca, has a larger effect on the cross sections than the change from 208 Pb to 197 Au, after correction for the change in the Coulomb barrier. 16 refs., 7 figs

  4. Magnetoelectric and electric measurements of the (1-x)BiFeO{sub 3}–(x)Pb(Fe{sub 1/2}Nb{sub 1/2})O{sub 3} solid solutions

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bochenek, D., E-mail: dariusz.bochenek@us.edu.pl [University of Silesia, Faculty of Computer Science and Material Science, Institute of Technology and Mechatronics, 12, Żytnia St., 41–200, Sosnowiec (Poland); Niemiec, P. [University of Silesia, Faculty of Computer Science and Material Science, Institute of Technology and Mechatronics, 12, Żytnia St., 41–200, Sosnowiec (Poland); Guzdek, P. [Institute of Electron Technology Cracow Division, 39, Zabłocie St., Cracow, 30-701 (Poland); Wzorek, M. [Institute of Electron Technology, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668, Warsaw (Poland)

    2017-07-01

    In the paper ferro–electro–magnetic (1-x)BiFeO{sub 3}-(x)Pb(Fe{sub 1/2}Nb{sub 1/2})O{sub 3} (BF-PFN) solid solutions were obtained (containing the percentage BF/PFN: 60/40 and 70/30). Individual components of the solid solution were prepared by follows methods: synthesizing a powder BF was performed by calcining the simple oxides (Bi{sub 2}O{sub 3}, Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3}), and synthesizing a powder PFN was carried out by calcining a mixture of complex oxides (FeNbO{sub 4}, PbO). Compaction of synthesized and mixed BiFeO{sub 3}, PbFe{sub 1/2}Nb{sub 1/2}O{sub 3} powders was carried out by free sintering methods. X–ray, microstructure, dielectric, magnetic and magnetoelectric studies, DC electrical conductivity and electrical hysteresis loop were carried out. Magnetoelectric effect measurements performed at room temperature showed coupling between electric and magnetic subsystem of the BF–PFN solid solutions. - Highlights: • BF-PFN samples have a densely packed microstructure, with well crystallized grains. • Bi atoms possibly migrate from BF toward PFN component during sintering. • BF-PFN have a diffuse character of the ferroelectric–paraelectric phase transition. • Magnetoelectric coefficient (α{sub ME}) for BF-PFN is higher, than for pure BF. • The α{sub ME} for BF-PFN is about three times higher than for 0.75BiFeO{sub 3}–0.25BaTiO{sub 3}.

  5. Au/Ti resistors used for Nb/Pb-alloy Josephson junctions. I. Electrical stability

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Murakami, M.; Alessandrini, E.I.; Kim, K.K.

    1984-01-01

    Bilayered Au/Ti films are very attractive for use as resistor materials of experimental Nb/Pb-alloy Josephson junction devices. In order to predict the electrical stability of the Au/Ti resistors during storage at room temperature, changes in microstructure and electrical resistivity of Ti and Au/Ti films during isothermal annealing at temperatures ranging from 298--473 K were studied using transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and electrical measurements. Growth of Ti grains during annealing was observed in these films. The activation energy for the grain growth was determined to be 1.51 eV. Decreases in the sheet resistance measured at 4.2 K were observed at the early stages of isothermal annealing. By analyzing the annealing temperature dependence of rates of resistance changes, the activation energy of 1.49 eV was obtained. This energy value is very close to that obtained for the grain growth and, therefore, one of the main causes in the resistance decrease is believed to be due to the growth of Ti grains. Based on the present results, a model to predict the electrical resistance change for the Au/Ti films during storage at room temperature was established. The model predicted that change in the resistance can be significantly reduced by preannealing the resistors at an elevated temperature. The prediction was supported by the experiment and an excellent quantitative agreement between measured resistance values and those predicted by the model was obtained. Based on this model, the change was predicted to be -1.5% after about 3 years at room temperature, if the resistors were preannealed at 353 K for 10 h. This resistor stability is satisfactory for designing logic and memory circuits of Josephson devices, and it can be increased simply by preannealing for longer times at 353 K

  6. Comparison of the corrosion behavior of austenitic and ferritic/martensitic steels exposed to static liquid Pb Bi at 450 and 550 °C

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kurata, Y.; Futakawa, M.; Saito, S.

    2005-08-01

    Static corrosion tests of various steels were conducted in oxygen-saturated liquid Pb-Bi eutectic at 450 °C and 550 °C for 3000 h to study the effects of temperature and alloying elements on corrosion behavior in liquid Pb-Bi. Corrosion depth decreases at 450 °C with increasing Cr content in steels regardless of ferritic/martensitic steels or austenitic steels. Appreciable dissolution of Ni and Cr does not occur in the three austenitic steels at 450 °C. Corrosion depth of ferritic/martensitic steels also decreases at 550 °C with increasing Cr content in steels whereas corrosion depth of austenitic steels, JPCA and 316SS becomes larger due to ferritization caused by dissolution of Ni at 550 °C than that of ferritic/martensitic steels. An austenitic stainless steel containing about 5%Si exhibits fine corrosion resistance at 550 °C because the protective Si oxide film is formed and prevents dissolution of Ni and Cr.

  7. Comparison of the corrosion behavior of austenitic and ferritic/martensitic steels exposed to static liquid Pb-Bi at 450 and 550 deg. C

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kurata, Y.; Futakawa, M.; Saito, S.

    2005-01-01

    Static corrosion tests of various steels were conducted in oxygen-saturated liquid Pb-Bi eutectic at 450 deg. C and 550 deg. C for 3000 h to study the effects of temperature and alloying elements on corrosion behavior in liquid Pb-Bi. Corrosion depth decreases at 450 deg. C with increasing Cr content in steels regardless of ferritic/martensitic steels or austenitic steels. Appreciable dissolution of Ni and Cr does not occur in the three austenitic steels at 450 deg. C. Corrosion depth of ferritic/martensitic steels also decreases at 550 deg. C with increasing Cr content in steels whereas corrosion depth of austenitic steels, JPCA and 316SS becomes larger due to ferritization caused by dissolution of Ni at 550 deg. C than that of ferritic/martensitic steels. An austenitic stainless steel containing about 5%Si exhibits fine corrosion resistance at 550 deg. C because the protective Si oxide film is formed and prevents dissolution of Ni and Cr

  8. Study of the variation of the E-I curves in the superconducting to normal transition of Bi-2212 textured ceramics by Pb addition

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sotelo, A.

    2006-06-01

    Full Text Available Vitreous cylinders with compositions Bi2-xPbxSr2CaCu2Oy, (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 were prepared and used as precursors to fabricate textured bars through a laser floating zone melting method (LFZ. The resulting textured cylindrical bars were annealed, followed by their electrical characterization. The microstructure was determined and correlated with the electrical measured properties. The influence of Pb doping on the sharpness of the superconducting to normal transition on the E-I curves has been determined. The sharpest transitions have been obtained for samples doped with 0.4Pb.

    Se han preparado precursores de tipo vítreo en forma de cilindro con composiciones nominales Bi2-xPbxSr2CaCu2Oy, con x = 0, 0.2, 0.4 y 0.6. Estos cilindros se han utilizado como precursores para fabricar barras texturadas por medio de una técnica de fusión zonal inducida por láser (LFZ. Estas barras texturadas se recocieron a diferentes temperaturas y se caracterizaron eléctricamente. Además, se examinó su microestructura para correlacionarla con las propiedades eléctricas medidas. La variación de la transición del estado superconductor al normal se ha relacionado con el dopaje con Pb a través de las curvas E-I. Las mejores transiciones se han obtenido para muestras dopadas con 0.4 Pb.

  9. Structure, spectra and thermal, mechanical, Faraday rotation properties of novel diamagnetic SeO2-PbO-Bi2O3-B2O3 glasses

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Qiuling; Su, Kai; Li, Yantao; Zhao, Zhiwei

    2018-06-01

    Faraday rotation diamagnetic glass has attracted research attentions in photonics, sensing and magneto optical devices due to their high refractive index, wide transmittance in UV and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) range and temperature independent Faraday rotation. Selenite modified heavy metal oxides glasses with composition of xSeO2-(10-x) B2O3-45PbO-45Bi2O3 (x = 0, 1, 5 and 10mol%) and 15%SeO2-40%PbO-45%Bi2O3 have been fabricated by melt-quenching method in present study. The influence of SeO2 on glass forming ability, thermal, mechanical properties and Faraday rotation were evaluated through X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared spectra (FT-IR), Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Vicker's hardness and Verdet constant measurements. XRD spectra reveal that the good vitrification was achieved for glass with SeO2 amounts ≤10% even without B2O3. FT-IR, Raman and XPS spectra ascertain the existence of characteristic vibration of SeO4, SeO3, PbO4, BiO3 and BO3 units. The incorporation of SeO2 increases the connectivity of glassy network by increasing the Tg, thermal stability and mechanical hardness. The small band gap, high polarizable Se4+ ions and isolated SeO3 units contribute to Faraday rotation improvement.

  10. Consistent dispersive optical-model analyses for n+209Bi and n+208Pb from -20 to +80 MeV

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Weisel, G.J.; Tornow, W.; Howell, C.R.

    1993-01-01

    Complementary databases were constructed from published and some new measurements of σ(θ), Ay(θ) and σ T for n+ 208 Pb and n+ 209 Bi covering the energy range 1.0 to 80 MeV. A dispersive optical-model analysis was performed for both scattering systems while constraining many of the parameters to be identical. A good representation of the data is obtained with conventional geometry and spin-orbit parameters. The 208 Pb model predicts quite well measured energies of single-particle and single-hole bound states. Occupation probabilities are calculated. A fully constrained model is presented in which the only differences between the two systems are the Fermi energy and the usual isospin term. This latter model represents all the data well

  11. The 4-fold fission in 40Ar + 209Bi, 197Au and 159Tb reactions at 25MeV/u

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dai, G.X.; Wu, H.Y.; He, Z.Y.; Luo, Q.Z.; Duan, L.M.; Zhang, B.G.; Qi, Y.J.; Li, Z.Y.; Jin, G.M.; Wen, W.X.

    1995-01-01

    The paper presents the 4-fold fission or fragmentation of hot nuclei produced in 25MeV/u 40 Ar+ 209 Bi, 197 Au and 159 Tb reactions. The events with 4 massive fragments emitted with angles larger than 36 were detected by 8 PPACs with area of 25x20cm 2 . The TKE, distributions of mass and velocity for the four fragments have been obtained. ((orig.))

  12. The Polypyrrole/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Modified Au Microelectrode for Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of Trace Levels of Pb2+

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Xuxing Zhu

    2017-03-01

    Full Text Available The sensitive detection of trace levels of heavy metal ions such as Pb2+ is of significant importance due to the health hazard they pose. In this paper, we present a polypyrrole (PPy/multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT-modified Au microelectrode. The PPy/MWCNT composite film was electrochemically deposited on the microelectrode by cyclic voltammetry (CV. The composite film was investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM, CV, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS, and the results show that this film presents a uniformly distributed and web-like entangled structure and good conductivity. Differential pulse stripping voltammetry (DPSV was applied to determine trace levels of Pb2+. Experimental conditions including accumulation time and deposition potential were optimized. In optimal conditions, the PPy/MWCNT-modified microelectrode performed sensitive detection of Pb2+ within a concentration range from 1 to 100 μg·L−1, and the limit of detection was 0.65 μg·L−1 at the signal-to-noise ratio of three.

  13. Azimuthal dependence of pion source radii in Pb+Au collisions at 158A GeV/c

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Adamova, D.; Kushpil, V.; Sumbera, M.; Agakichiev, G.; Belaga, V.; Fomenko, K.; Panebrattsev, Y.; Petchenova, O.; Shimansky, S.; Yurevich, V.; Andronic, A.; Braun-Munzinger, P.; Garabatos, C.; Hering, G.; Holeczek, J.; Maas, A.; Marin, A.; Miskowiec, D.; Rak, J.; Sako, H.

    2008-01-01

    We present results of a two-pion correlation analysis performed with the Pb+Au collision data collected by the upgraded CERES experiment in the fall of 2000. The analysis was done in bins of the reaction centrality and the pion azimuthal emission angle with respect to the reaction plane. The pion source, deduced from the data, is slightly elongated in the direction perpendicular to the reaction plane, similarly as was observed at the Brookhaven National Laboratory Alternating Gradient Synchrotron and Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider

  14. Azimuthal dependence of pion source radii in Pb+Au collisions at 158A GeV/c

    Science.gov (United States)

    Adamová, D.; Agakichiev, G.; Andronic, A.; Antończyk, D.; Appelshäuser, H.; Belaga, V.; Bielčíková, J.; Braun-Munzinger, P.; Busch, O.; Cherlin, A.; Damjanović, S.; Dietel, T.; Dietrich, L.; Drees, A.; Dubitzky, W.; Esumi, S. I.; Filimonov, K.; Fomenko, K.; Fraenkel, Z.; Garabatos, C.; Glässel, P.; Hering, G.; Holeczek, J.; Kalisky, M.; Kniege, S.; Kushpil, V.; Maas, A.; Marín, A.; Milošević, J.; Miśkowiec, D.; Ortega, R.; Panebrattsev, Y.; Petchenova, O.; Petráček, V.; Płoskoń, M.; Radomski, S.; Rak, J.; Ravinovich, I.; Rehak, P.; Sako, H.; Schmitz, W.; Schuchmann, S.; Schukraft, J.; Sedykh, S.; Shimansky, S.; Soualah, R.; Stachel, J.; Šumbera, M.; Tilsner, H.; Tserruya, I.; Tsiledakis, G.; Wessels, J. P.; Wienold, T.; Wurm, J. P.; Yurevich, S.; Yurevich, V.

    2008-12-01

    We present results of a two-pion correlation analysis performed with the Pb+Au collision data collected by the upgraded CERES experiment in the fall of 2000. The analysis was done in bins of the reaction centrality and the pion azimuthal emission angle with respect to the reaction plane. The pion source, deduced from the data, is slightly elongated in the direction perpendicular to the reaction plane, similarly as was observed at the Brookhaven National Laboratory Alternating Gradient Synchrotron and Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider.

  15. Photoproduced fluorescent Au(I)@(Ag2/Ag3)-thiolate giant cluster: an intriguing sensing platform for DMSO and Pb(II).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ganguly, Mainak; Mondal, Chanchal; Jana, Jayasmita; Pal, Anjali; Pal, Tarasankar

    2014-01-14

    Synergistic evolution of fluorescent Au(I)@(Ag2/Ag3)-thiolate core-shell particles has been made possible under the Sun in presence of the respective precursor coinage metal compounds and glutathione (GSH). The green chemically synthesized fluorescent clusters are giant (∼600 nm) in size and robust. Among all the common water miscible solvents, exclusively DMSO exhibits selective fluorescence quenching (Turn Off) because of the removal of GSH from the giant cluster. Again, only Pb(II) ion brings back the lost fluorescence (Turn On) leaving aside all other metal ions. This happens owing to the strong affinity of the sulfur donor of DMSO for Pb(II). Thus, employing the aqueous solution containing the giant cluster, we can detect DMSO contamination in water bodies at trace level. Besides, a selective sensing platform has emerged out for Pb(II) ion with a detection limit of 14 × 10(-8) M. Pb(II) induced fluorescence recovery is again vanished by I(-) implying a promising route to sense I(-) ion.

  16. Temperature behavior of the hole density of (Bi,Pb)-2212 single crystals

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ghafari, Aliakbar; Janowitz, Christoph; Dwelk, Helmut; Krapf, Alica; Manzke, Recardo [Institute of Physics, Humboldt University of Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, D-12489 Berlin (Germany); Ariffin, Ahmad Kamal [Dept. of Physics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim (Malaysia)

    2012-07-01

    One of the most puzzling anomalies of high-T{sub c} cuprates is the strong temperature dependence of the Hall coefficient (R{sub H}) and the hole density (n{sub H}). Gor'kov and Teitel'baum (GT) showed by using experimental data of La{sub 2-x}Sr{sub x}CuO{sub 4} (LSCO) that the number of holes per Cu atom, n{sub H}, changes with temperature according to n{sub H}(T,x)=n{sub 0}(x)+n{sub 1}(x)exp(-{Delta}(x)/T). To clarify the temperature dependence of n{sub H} we have determined n{sub H} by X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) at the CuL{sub 3} edge for nearly optimum and slightly underdoped (Bi,Pb)-2212 single crystals. Our results point out that the GT formula cannot fit our data and therefore must be extended to the three terms.

  17. Fermi surfaces of the pyrite-type cubic AuSb2 compared with split Fermi surfaces of the ullmannite-type cubic chiral NiSbS and PdBiSe

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nishimura, K.; Kakihana, M.; Nakamura, A.; Aoki, D.; Harima, H.; Hedo, M.; Nakama, T.; Ōnuki, Y.

    2018-05-01

    We grew high-quality single crystals of AuSb2 with the pyrite (FeS2)-type cubic structure by the Bridgman method and studied the Fermi surface properties by the de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) experiment and the full potential LAPW band calculation. The Fermi surfaces of AuSb2 are found to be similar to those of NiSbS and PdBiSe with the ullmannite (NiSbS)-type cubic chiral structure because the crystal structures are similar each other and the number of valence electrons is the same between two different compounds. Note that each Fermi surface splits into two Fermi surfaces in NiSbS and PdBiSe, reflecting the non-centrosymmetric crystal structure.

  18. Magneto-optical properties of BiFeO3 thin films using surface plasmon resonance technique

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Paliwal, Ayushi; Sharma, Anjali; Tomar, Monika; Gupta, Vinay

    2014-01-01

    Indigeneously assembled surface plasmon resonance (SPR) set up has been exploited to study the magnetic field dependent optical properties of BiFeO 3 thin films. BiFeO 3 thin films have been deposited onto gold (Au) coated glass prism by using pulsed laser deposition technique. The surface plasmon modes in prism/Au/BiFeO 3 /air structure have been excited in Kretschmann configuration at the interface of Au/BiFeO 3 thin films. The SPR reflectance curves obtained for prism/Au/BiFeO 3 /air structure were utilized to investigate the optical properties of BiFeO 3 thin films at optical frequency (λ=633 nm) as a function of applied magnetic field. SPR curves shows a continuous shift towards lower angles with increasing applied magnetic field, which indicate the promising application of ferromagnetic BiFeO 3 film as a magnetic field sensor. Complex dielectric constant of deposited BiFeO 3 film was determined by fitting the experimental SPR data with Fresnel's equations. The variation of complex dielectric constant and refractive index of BiFeO 3 film was studied with increase in magnetic field, and the sensitivity of magnetic field sensor was found to be about 0.52 RIU/T

  19. Carrier doping into a superconducting BaPb0.7Bi0.3O3‑δ epitaxial film using an electric double-layer transistor structure

    Science.gov (United States)

    Komori, S.; Kakeya, I.

    2018-06-01

    Doping evolution of the unconventional superconducting properties in BaBiO3-based compounds has yet to be clarified in detail due to the significant change of the oxygen concentration accompanied by the chemical substitution. We suggest that the carrier concentration of an unconventional superconductor, BaPb0.7Bi0.3O3‑δ , is controllable without inducing chemical or structural changes using an electric double-layer transistor structure. The critical temperature is found to decrease systematically with increasing carrier concentration.

  20. Effect of lead content on nonstoichiometric Bi2-xPbySr2Ca2Cu3Oδ ceramic superconductors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Diaz-Valdes, E.; Pacheco-Malagon, G.; Contreras-Puente, G.; Mejia-Garcia, C.; Andrade-Garay, G.; Ortiz-Lopez, J.; Conde-Gallardo, A.; Falcony, C.

    1993-01-01

    Ceramic superconducting samples of the type Bi 2-x Pb y Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O δ were processed with a nonstoichiometric content of Bi and Pb (x≠y) with respect to the 2223 phase in this system. The resistance vs. temperature characteristics and the presence of the 2223 and 2212 phases as a function of the sample preparation conditions and the lead content (Bi/Pb ratio) are reported. The growth of unwanted phases such as PbO was observed for those samples with a high content of Pb (y=0.9) and Bi (x=0.1). (orig.)

  1. Gd-substituted Bi-2223 superconductor

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    The effects of gadolinium doping at calcium site on the normal and super- conducting properties of Bi-2223 system were ... quantities of the metal oxides and the carbonates were taken and thoroughly mixed. The calcination of the mixture after .... Therefore, Gd has higher solubility in (BiPb)-2223 as compared to Pr, and is, ...

  2. Detailed analysis of two particle correlations in central Pb-Au collisions at 158 GeV per nucleon

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Antonczyk, D.

    2006-07-01

    This thesis presents a two-particle correlation analysis of the fully calibrated high statistics CERES Pb+Au collision data at the top SPS energy, with the emphasis on the pion-proton correlations and the event-plane dependence of the correlation radii. CERES is a dilepton spectrometer at CERN SPS. After the upgrade, which improved the momentum resolution and extended the detector capabilities to hadrons, CERES collected 30 million Pb+Au events at 158 AGeV in the year 2000. A previous Hanbury-Brown-Twiss (HBT) analysis of pion pairs in a subset of these data, together with the results obtained at other beam energies, lead to a new freeze-out criterion [AAA+03]. In this work, the detailed transverse momentum and event-plane dependence of the pion correlation radii, as well as the pion-proton correlations, are discussed in the framework of the blast wave model of the expanding fireball. Furthermore, development of an electron drift velocity gas monitor for the ALICE TPC sub-detector is presented. The new method of the gas composition monitoring is based on the simultaneous measurement of the electron drift velocity and the gas gain and is sensitive to even small variations of the gas mixture composition. Several modifications of the apparatus were performed resulting in the final drift velocity resolution of 0.3 permille. (orig.)

  3. Detailed analysis of two particle correlations in central Pb-Au collisions at 158 GeV per nucleon

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Antonczyk, D.

    2006-01-01

    This thesis presents a two-particle correlation analysis of the fully calibrated high statistics CERES Pb+Au collision data at the top SPS energy, with the emphasis on the pion-proton correlations and the event-plane dependence of the correlation radii. CERES is a dilepton spectrometer at CERN SPS. After the upgrade, which improved the momentum resolution and extended the detector capabilities to hadrons, CERES collected 30 million Pb+Au events at 158 AGeV in the year 2000. A previous Hanbury-Brown-Twiss (HBT) analysis of pion pairs in a subset of these data, together with the results obtained at other beam energies, lead to a new freeze-out criterion [AAA+03]. In this work, the detailed transverse momentum and event-plane dependence of the pion correlation radii, as well as the pion-proton correlations, are discussed in the framework of the blast wave model of the expanding fireball. Furthermore, development of an electron drift velocity gas monitor for the ALICE TPC sub-detector is presented. The new method of the gas composition monitoring is based on the simultaneous measurement of the electron drift velocity and the gas gain and is sensitive to even small variations of the gas mixture composition. Several modifications of the apparatus were performed resulting in the final drift velocity resolution of 0.3 permille. (orig.)

  4. Composition and source of salinity of ore-bearing fluids in Cu-Au systems of the Carajás Mineral Province, Brazil

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xavier, Roberto; Rusk, Brian; Emsbo, Poul; Monteiro, Lena

    2009-01-01

    The composition and Cl/Br – NaCl ratios of highly saline aqueous inclusions from large tonnage (> 100 t) IOCG deposits (Sossego, Alvo 118, and Igarapé Bahia) and a Paleoproterozoic intrusion-related Cu-Au-(Mo-W-Bi-Sn) deposit (Breves; Ca-dominated (5 to 10 times more than in porphyry Cu-Au fluids), and contain percent level concentrations of Na and K. IOCG inclusion fluids, however, contain higher Sr, Ba, Pb, and Zn concentrations, but significantly less Bi, than the intrusion-related Breves inclusion fluids. Cu is consistently below detection limits in brine inclusions from the IOCG and intrusion-related systems and Fe was not detected in the latter. Cl/Br and Na/Cl ratios of the IOCG inclusion fluids range from entirely evaporative brines (bittern fluids; e.g. Igarapé Bahia and Alvo 118) to values that indicate mixing with magma-derived brines. Cl/Br and Na/Cl ratios of the Breves inclusion fluids strongly suggest the involvement of magmatic brines, but that possibly also incorporated bittern fluids. Collectively, these data demonstrate that residual evaporative and magmatic brines were important components of the fluid regime involved in the formation of Cu-Au systems in the Carajás Mineral Province.

  5. New results on Pb - Au collisions at 40 AGeV from the CERES/NA45 experiment

    CERN Document Server

    Filimonov, K.; Agakichiev, G.; Appelshauser, H.; Belaga, V.; Braun-Munzinger, P.; Cherlin, A.; Damjanovic, S.; Dietel, T.; Drees, A.; Esumi, S.I.; Fomenko, K.; Fraenkel, Z.; Garabatos, C.; Glassel, P.; Hering, G.; Kushpil, V.; Lenkeitk, B.; Maas, A.; Marin, A.; Milosevic, J.; Milov, A.; Miskowiec, D.; Panebrattsev, Y.; Petchenova, O.; Petracek, V.; Pfeiffer, A.; Rak, J.; Ravinovich, I.; Rehak, P.; Sako, H.; Schmitz, W.; Schukraft, J.; Sedykh, S.; Seipp, W.; Shimansky, S.; Slivova, J.; Specht, H.J.; Stachel, J.; Sumbera, M.; Tilsner, H.; Tserruya, Itzhak; Wessels, J.P.; Wienold, T.; Windelband, B.; Wurm, J.P.; Xie, W.; Yurevich, S.; Yurevich, V.

    2002-01-01

    In 1999 the CERES/NA45 ran at the CERN SPS with a beam energy of 40 GeV/nucleon. The data set comprises about 8.7 millions Pb - Au events with a trigger selection corresponding to approximately the most central 30% of the geometrical cross section. Results on low-mass electron pair analysis are presented. The upgrade of the experimental setup with the radial drift TPC has allowed to enhance hadron physics capabilities of the experiment. New results on hadron spectra (including $\\Lambda$) and flow are presented.

  6. Inherent Safety Features and Passive Prevention Approaches for Pb/Bi-cooled Accelerator-Driven Systems

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Carlsson, Johan

    2003-03-01

    This thesis is devoted to the investigation of passive safety and inherent features of subcritical nuclear transmutation systems - accelerator-driven systems. The general objective of this research has been to improve the safety performance and avoid elevated coolant temperatures in worst-case scenarios like unprotected loss-of-flow accidents, loss-of-heat-sink accidents, and a combination of both these accident initiators. The specific topics covered are emergency decay heat removal by reactor vessel auxiliary cooling systems, beam shut-off by a melt-rupture disc, safety aspects from locating heat-exchangers in the riser of a pool-type reactor system, and reduction of pressure resistance in the primary circuit by employing bypass routes. The initial part of the research was focused on reactor vessel auxiliary cooling systems. It was shown that an 80 MW{sub th} Pb/Bi-cooled accelerator-driven system of 8 m height and 6 m diameter vessel can be well cooled in the case of loss-of-flow accidents in which the accelerator proton beam is not switched off. After a loss-of-heat-sink accident the proton beam has to be interrupted within 40 minutes in order to avoid fast creep of the vessel. If a melt-rupture disc is included in the wall of the beam pipe, which breaks at 150 K above the normal core outlet temperature, the grace period until the beam has to be shut off is increased to 6 hours. For the same vessel geometry, but an operating power of 250 MW{sub th} the structural materials can still avoid fast creep in case the proton beam is shut off immediately. If beam shut-off is delayed, additional cooling methods are needed to increase the heat removal. Investigations were made on the filling of the gap between the guard and the reactor vessel with liquid metal coolant and using water spray cooling on the guard vessel surface. The second part of the thesis presents examinations regarding an accelerator-driven system also cooled with Pb/Bi but with heat-exchangers located

  7. Inherent Safety Features and Passive Prevention Approaches for Pb/Bi-cooled Accelerator-Driven Systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Carlsson, Johan

    2003-03-01

    This thesis is devoted to the investigation of passive safety and inherent features of subcritical nuclear transmutation systems - accelerator-driven systems. The general objective of this research has been to improve the safety performance and avoid elevated coolant temperatures in worst-case scenarios like unprotected loss-of-flow accidents, loss-of-heat-sink accidents, and a combination of both these accident initiators. The specific topics covered are emergency decay heat removal by reactor vessel auxiliary cooling systems, beam shut-off by a melt-rupture disc, safety aspects from locating heat-exchangers in the riser of a pool-type reactor system, and reduction of pressure resistance in the primary circuit by employing bypass routes. The initial part of the research was focused on reactor vessel auxiliary cooling systems. It was shown that an 80 MW th Pb/Bi-cooled accelerator-driven system of 8 m height and 6 m diameter vessel can be well cooled in the case of loss-of-flow accidents in which the accelerator proton beam is not switched off. After a loss-of-heat-sink accident the proton beam has to be interrupted within 40 minutes in order to avoid fast creep of the vessel. If a melt-rupture disc is included in the wall of the beam pipe, which breaks at 150 K above the normal core outlet temperature, the grace period until the beam has to be shut off is increased to 6 hours. For the same vessel geometry, but an operating power of 250 MW th the structural materials can still avoid fast creep in case the proton beam is shut off immediately. If beam shut-off is delayed, additional cooling methods are needed to increase the heat removal. Investigations were made on the filling of the gap between the guard and the reactor vessel with liquid metal coolant and using water spray cooling on the guard vessel surface. The second part of the thesis presents examinations regarding an accelerator-driven system also cooled with Pb/Bi but with heat-exchangers located in the

  8. Instantaneous fluxless bonding of Au with Pb-Sn solder in ambient atmosphere

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lee, T.K.; Zhang, Sam; Wong, C.C.; Tan, A.C.

    2005-01-01

    A fluxless bonding technique has been developed as a method of flip-chip bonding for microelectronic packaging. The fluxless bonding technique can be achieved instantaneously in an ambient environment between metallic stud bumps and predefined molten solder. This paper describes the mechanics of the bonding action and verifies the effectiveness of this bonding method through wetting balance tests and scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive x-ray analysis. This technique has been demonstrated by using a gold stud bump to break the tin oxide layer over molten solder. This allows for a fast, solid liquid interdiffusion between gold (Au) and the fresh molten eutectic lead-tin (Pb-Sn) solder for joint formation during solidification. This bonding method has been successfully tested with 130-μm-pitch flip-chip bond pads on a joint-in-via flex substrate architecture

  9. Mean residence times of atmospheric aerosols in the boundary layer as determined from 210Bi/210Pb activity ratios

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Papastefanou, C.; Bondietti, E.A.

    1991-01-01

    Concentrations of radioactive 210 Pb and 210 Bi were measured in surface air after chemical separation and radiochemical analysis in an annual cycle and were used to determine aerosol residence times in the lower atmosphere. It was concluded that residence times of 8 days would apply to aerosols of 0.3 μm activity median aerodynamic diameter (AMAD). Cascade impactor data are also presented in relating the residence times and the AMAD of atmospheric aerosols. (author)

  10. Geological setting, isotope studies (C, O and Pb) and associated metals in the Tocantinzinho gold deposit, Tapajos domain, Tapajos-Parima Province; Contexto geologico, estudos isotopicos (C, O e Pb) e associacao metalica do deposito aurifero Tocantinzinho, dominio Tapajos, Provincia Tapajos-Parima

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Villas, Raimundo Netuno Nobre [Universidade Federal do Para (UFPA), Belem, PA (Brazil); Santiago, Erika Suellen Barbosa; Castilho, Marilia Portela, E-mail: netuno@ufpa.br, E-mail: esbsantiago@gmail.com, E-mail: castilho.marilia@hotmail.com [Universidade Federal do Para (UFPA), Belem, PA (Brazil). Inst. de Geociencias. Programa de Pos-graduacao em Geologia e Geoquimica

    2013-03-15

    The Tocantinzinho ore deposit is located along a NW-SE-trending lineament, southwestern of Itaituba (Para, Brazil), and is the largest known gold deposit of the Tapajos Province. The host Tocantinzinho granite is essentially isotropic and dominated by syenogranites and monzogranites that have been weakly to moderately altered by hydrothermal fluids. Microclinization (earliest), chloritization, sericitization, silicification and carbonatization (latest) are the main types of alteration. Most mineralization was contemporaneous with the sericitization/silicification and is represented by sulfide- and gold-bearing veinlets which locally occur as stockwork. Pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite and galena are the most common sulfides. Among the ore metals, Cu, Pb and Zn present the highest contents, but Mo, As and Bi locally show anomalous concentrations. The relationship of Au with Cu, Pb or Zn is at random and the Au/Ag ratios range from 0.05 to 0.5. The higher the sulfide contents, the higher the Au concentrations, though it occurs mainly included in pyrite. Zircon monocrystals from the Tocantinzinho granite yielded an average Pb-Pb age of 1982 {+-}8Ma and may represent an earlier event of the Creporizao magmatic arc. {delta}{sup 13}C{sub PDB} values for calcite from the carbonatization stage fall dominantly between -3.45 and -2.29 Per-Mille-Sign , being compatible with a deep crustal source that may include carbonatite reservoirs. In turn, {delta}{sup 18}O{sub SMOW} values vary from +5.97 to +14.10 Per-Mille-Sign , being indicative of magmatic derivation, although the less positive values suggest contribution from surficial waters. Unpublished fluid inclusion study reveals the presence of aquo-carbonic fluids, whose CO{sub 2} could have been dissolved in the granitic magma rather than being related to the shear zone. The available data allow the Tocantinzinho deposit to be classified as a granite-hosted, intrusion-related gold deposit. (author)

  11. Evaluation at the medium energy region for Pb-208 and Bi-209

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fukahori, Tokio; Pearlstein, S.

    1991-01-01

    Medium energy nuclear data in the 1--1000 MeV range is necessary to accelerator applications which include spallation neutron sources for radioactive waste treatment and accelerator shielding design, medical applications which include isotopes production and radiation therapy, and space applications. For the design of fission and fusion reactors, the nuclear data file for neutrons below 20 MeV is available and well evaluated. Evaluated nuclear data for protons and data in the medium energy region, however, have not been prepared completely. Evaluation in the medium energy region was performed using the theoretical calculation code ALICE-P or experimental data. In this paper, the evaluation of neutron and proton induced nuclear data for Pb-208 and Bi-209 has been performed using ALICE-P, empirical calculations and new systematics for the fission cross section. The evaluated data are compiled for possible inclusion in the ENDF/B-VI High Energy File. 204 refs., 51 figs., 9 tabs

  12. Out-of-pile chemical compatibility of Pb-Bi eutectic alloy with graphite

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sengupta, A.K.; Bhagat, R.K.; Jarvis, T.; Majumdar, S. [Radiometallurgy Div., Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai (India); Laik, A.; Kale, G.B. [Material Science Div., Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai (India); Kamath, H.S. [Nuclear Fuels Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai (India)

    2006-06-15

    Lead Bismuth eutectic alloy (Pb: 55.5 wt.%, Bi: 44.5 wt.%) is a potential candidate coolant material for high-temperature reactors because of its low melting point (124 C), high thermal conductivity, heat capacity, and better neutronic properties. Out-of-pile chemical compatibility studies of this coolant with graphite (coolant channel) have been carried out by isothermal annealing of the liquid alloy in a graphite crucible at 800, 900, 1000, and 1100 C for times ranging from 100 h to 1000 h. Formation of a reaction layer is observed. The growth rate of the reaction layer follows a parabolic law. Reaction layer thicknesses of 61.3 {mu}m and 121 {mu}m are estimated from the growth rate vs. time relation after 1 year and 5 years respectively. The growth of the reaction layer is diffusion-controlled and the activation energy of the reaction is estimated to be 100 KJ/mol. (orig.)

  13. Out-of-pile chemical compatibility of Pb-Bi eutectic alloy with graphite

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sengupta, A.K.; Bhagat, R.K.; Jarvis, T.; Majumdar, S.; Laik, A.; Kale, G.B.; Kamath, H.S.

    2006-01-01

    Lead Bismuth eutectic alloy (Pb: 55.5 wt.%, Bi: 44.5 wt.%) is a potential candidate coolant material for high-temperature reactors because of its low melting point (124 C), high thermal conductivity, heat capacity, and better neutronic properties. Out-of-pile chemical compatibility studies of this coolant with graphite (coolant channel) have been carried out by isothermal annealing of the liquid alloy in a graphite crucible at 800, 900, 1000, and 1100 C for times ranging from 100 h to 1000 h. Formation of a reaction layer is observed. The growth rate of the reaction layer follows a parabolic law. Reaction layer thicknesses of 61.3 μm and 121 μm are estimated from the growth rate vs. time relation after 1 year and 5 years respectively. The growth of the reaction layer is diffusion-controlled and the activation energy of the reaction is estimated to be 100 KJ/mol. (orig.)

  14. Ion mobility and conductivity in the M{sub 0.5–x}Pb{sub x}Bi{sub 0.5}F{sub 2+x} (M=K, Rb) solid solutions with fluorite structure

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kavun, V. Ya., E-mail: kavun@ich.dvo.ru [Institute of Chemistry FEBRAS, 159, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok 690022 (Russian Federation); Uvarov, N.F. [Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, SB RAS, 18, Kutateladze Str., Novosibirsk 630128 (Russian Federation); Slobodyuk, A.B.; Polyantsev, M.M.; Merkulov, E.B. [Institute of Chemistry FEBRAS, 159, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok 690022 (Russian Federation); Ulihin, A.S. [Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, SB RAS, 18, Kutateladze Str., Novosibirsk 630128 (Russian Federation); Goncharuk, V.K. [Institute of Chemistry FEBRAS, 159, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok 690022 (Russian Federation)

    2017-05-15

    Ionic mobility and conductivity in the K{sub 0.5–x}Pb{sub x}Bi{sub 0.5}F{sub 2+x} and Rb{sub 0.5–x}Pb{sub x}Bi{sub 0.5}F{sub 2+x} (x=0.05, 0.09) solid solutions with the fluorite structure have been investigated using the methods of {sup 19}F NMR, X-ray diffraction and impedance spectroscopy. Types of ionic motions in the fluoride sublattice of solid solutions have been established and temperature ranges of their realization have been determined (150–450 K). Diffusion of fluoride ions is a dominating type of ionic motions in the fluoride sublattice of solid solutions under study above 350 K. Due to high ionic conductivity, above 10{sup –3} S/cm at 450 K, these solid solutions can be used as solid electrolytes in various electrochemical devices and systems. - Graphical abstract: Temperature dependence of the concentration of mobile (2, 4) and immobile (1, 3) F ions in the K{sub 0.5–x}Pb{sub x}Bi{sub 0.5}F{sub 2+x} solid solutions. - Highlights: • Studied the ion mobility, conductivity in M{sub 0.5–x}Pb{sub x}Bi{sub 0.5}F{sub 2+x} solid solutions (M=K, Rb). • An analysis of {sup 19}F NMR spectra made it possible to identify types of ion mobility. • The main type of ion motion above 300 K in solid solutions is a diffusion of ions F{sup –}. • The ionic conductivity of the solid solutions studied more than 10{sup –3} S/cm at 450 K.

  15. A study on non-crystalline BiPbSbSrCaCuO and its heat treatment effect

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhang Hong; Wu Hong; Hu Suhui

    1993-01-01

    In this work positron annihilation spectroscopy, X ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy and ac susceptibility measurement have been used to study non-crystalline Bi-Pb-Sb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O and the effect of heat treatment. The crystallization temperature T c is around 450-470 degree C for investigated materials. There are low temperature and high temperature structure relaxation as in metallic glasses from room temperature to glass temperature. For T>T c in the crystallized multiphase the low n phase can transform to high n phase by reaction diffusion and T c can reach near 110 K by 850 degree C annealing. The positron annihilation characteristics are sensitive to phase transformation and the electron density sampled by positrons in the non-crystal is lower than that in crystallized one. The doping of Pb and Sb together is of benefit to forming of non-crystal but narrows the temperature range of the viscous state

  16. Breakup mechanisms for 7Li + 197Au, 204Pb systems at sub-barrier energies

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luong D.H.

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available Coincidence measurements of breakup fragments were carried out for the 7Li + 197Au and 204Pb systems at sub-barrier energies. The mechanisms triggering breakup, and time-scales of each process, were identified through the reaction Q-values and the relative energy of the breakup fragments. Binary breakup of 7Li were found to be predominantly triggered by nucleon transfer, with p-pickup leading to 8Be → α + α decay being the preferred breakup mode. From the time-scales of each process, the coincidence yields were separated into prompt and delayed components, allowing the identification of breakup process important in the suppression of complete fusion of 7Li at above-barrier energies.

  17. Reconstruction of charged kaons in the three pion decay channel in Pb + Au 158 AGeV collisions by the CERES experiment

    CERN Document Server

    AUTHOR|(CDS)2074908; Braun-Munzinger, Peter; Pietralla, Norbert

    Strangeness production in ultra-relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions is one of the most important probes of hot and dense nuclear matter. Yields and spectra of hadrons carrying strangeness are being studied over a broad range of energies. A remarkable result is that the yields of strange hadrons appear to be in chemical equilibrium in nucleus-nucleus collisions in contrast to observations in elementary collisions. The first part of this thesis is dedicated to the reconstruction of charged kaons in central Pb+Au collisions at the top SPS energy with the CERES pectrometer. The analysis scheme is based on the reconstruction of the decay of charged kaons in three charged pions. This approach is, with the exception of the pioneering work of the NA35 experiment, applied for the first time in ultra relativistic heavy ion collisions for the charged kaons reconstruction. In total 102k K+ and 57k K- were reconstructed in 24.3M central Pb+Au collisions. The mid-rapidity yields are 31.8 for K+ and 19.3 for the K-. The...

  18. Electrode quenching control for highly efficient CsPbBr3 perovskite light-emitting diodes via surface plasmon resonance and enhanced hole injection by Au nanoparticles

    Science.gov (United States)

    Meng, Yan; Wu, Xiaoyan; Xiong, Ziyang; Lin, Chunyan; Xiong, Zuhong; Blount, Ethan; Chen, Ping

    2018-04-01

    Compared to organic-inorganic hybrid metal halide perovskites, all-inorganic cesium lead halides (e.g, CsPbBr3) hold greater promise in being emissive materials for light-emitting diodes owing to their superior optoelectronic properties as well as their higher stabilities. However, there is still considerable potential for breakthroughs in the current efficiency of CsPbBr3 perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs). Electrode quenching is one of the main problems limiting the current efficiency of PeLEDs when poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is used as the hole injection layer. In this work, electrode quenching control was realized via incorporating Au NPs into PEDOT:PSS. As a result, the CsPbBr3 PeLEDs realized an improvement in maximum luminescence ranging from ˜2348 to ˜7660 cd m-2 (˜226% enhancement) and current efficiency from 1.65 to 3.08 cd A-1 (˜86% enhancement). Such substantial enhancement of the electroluminescent performance can be attributed to effective electrode quenching control at the PEDOT:PSS/CsPbBr3 perovskite interface via the combined effects of local surface plasma resonance coupling and enhanced hole transportation in the PEDOT:PSS layer by Au nanoparticles.

  19. The effect of heat treatment on the properties of (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Oδ

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fetisov, A.V.; Yasnikov, A.G.; Fotiev, A.A.

    1994-01-01

    In synthesis of (Bi,Pb) 2 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 2 O δ (2-2-2-3 phase), which is known to belong to a homologous series of bismuth-based superconductors, several routes have been reported to date to yield materials with a high content, around 95% of the main phase. This phase is characterized by the highest superconducting-transition temperature T c among all known high-T c materials. Based on literature data, heat-treatment conditions are expected to affect strongly the T c of the 2-2-2-3 phase, as they do for other high-T c materials. An optimal oxygen content in 2-2-2-3 was presumed to be the deciding factor for attainment of high T c 's. However, heating below ∼ 870 K in air causes no change in oxygen content in the 2-2-2-3 phase. At the same time, it is oxidizing annealing at T c up to 105-110 K. The conclusions found that changes in oxygen content for (Bi,Pb) 2 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 2 O δ (2-2-2-3 phase) do not affect T c , which remains unchanged after shor anneals at 370-1020 Kelvin in different atmospheres. In order to obtain high T c 's, it will suffice to exclude long anneals at 1020-1090 Kelvin from the technology. For the 2-2-2-3 phase, a degradation process, which does not change the composition of the phase, is like that for YBa 2 Cu 3 O 6+delta . Proposed is that different structural planes participate in mass exhanage with an atmosphere: (BiO) planes which do not participate to superconductivity, participate in oxygen exchange; and H 2 O and CO 2 penetrate into the CuO 2 planes, which are responsible for superconductivity in the 2-2-2-3 phase

  20. Quijarroite, Cu6HgPb2Bi4Se12, a New Selenide from the El Dragόn Mine, Bolivia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hans-Jürgen Förster

    2016-11-01

    Full Text Available Quijarroite, ideally Cu6HgPb2Bi4Se12, is a new selenide species from the El Dragόn mine, Department of Potosí, Bolivia. It most frequently occurs as lath-shaped thin plates (up to 150 µm in length and 20 µm in width intimately (subparallel intergrown with hansblockite, forming an angular network-like intersertal texture. Quijarroite is occasionally also present as sub- to anhedral grains up to 200 µm in length and 50 µm in width. It is non-fluorescent, black and opaque with a metallic luster and black streak. It is brittle, with an irregular fracture and no obvious cleavage and parting. In plane-polarized incident light, quijarroite is weakly pleochroic from cream to very slightly more brownish-cream, displaying no internal reflections. Between crossed polars, quijarroite is moderately anisotropic with pale orange-brown to blue rotation tints. Lamellar twinning on {110} is common; parquet twinning occurs rarely. The reflectance values in the air for the COM (Commission on Ore Mineralogy standard wavelengths (R1 and R2 are: 46.7, 46.8 (470 nm, 47.4, 48.2 (546 nm, 47.1, 48.5 (589 nm, and 46.6, 48.7 (650 nm. Electron-microprobe analyses yielded a mean composition of Cu 13.34, Ag 1.02, Hg 7.67, Pb 16.87, Co 0.03, Ni 0.15, Bi 27.65, Se 33.52, total 100.24 wt %. The mean empirical formula, normalized to 25 apfu (atoms per formula unit, is (Cu5.84Ag0.26Σ = 6.10(Hg1.06Ni0.07Co0.01Σ = 1.14Pb2.27Bi3.68Se11.81 (n = 24. The simplified formula is Cu6HgPb2Bi4Se12. Quijarroite is orthorhombic, space group Pmn21, with a = 9.2413(8, b = 9.0206(7, c = 9.6219(8 Å, V = 802.1(1 Å3, Z = 1. The calculated density is 5.771 g·cm−3. The five strongest X-ray powder-diffraction lines (d in Å (I/I0 (hkl are: 5.36 (55 (111, 3.785 (60 (211, 3.291 (90 (022, 3.125 (100 (212, and 2.312 (50 (400. The crystal structure of quijarroite can be considered a galena derivative and could be derived from that of bournonite. It is a primary mineral, deposited from an

  1. Specific features of acoustic properties of ceramic Bi1.4Pb0.6Ca2Sr2Cu3Oy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gajduk, A.L.; Fil', V.D.; Burma, N.G.

    1991-01-01

    Anomalies of sound velocity and attenuation, as well as of heat capacity are revealed in the Pb-stabilized Bi ceramics of the composition 2-2-2-3 atare 60 K, which are interpreted as the second-order phase transition. The sensitivity of the anomalies to the quenched magnetic flux is indicative of the magnetic nature of the transition. Similar features also observed at the same temperature in the 1-2-3* type superconducting systems

  2. HREM study of Bi-oxide based high Tc superconductors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hewat, E.A.

    1988-01-01

    A HREM study of the superstructure and structural defects in Bi 2-x Pb x Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8 and Bi 2-x Pb x (SrCa) 2 CuO 6 (for x=0 and x=0.4) is presented. The superstructures are shown to involve waves of distortion along the b-axis. These waves are locked on to the lattice positions so that they have a local wave length of 4,5,6,7 or 8 times the basic unit cell. The superstructures are composed of roughly periodic combinations of these basic building blocks (waves). The lead doped superconductors show a less pronounced but more complicated superstructure along b where two distinct periodicities close to 4 and 7 times the basic unit cell predominate. In each of the compounds studied the superstructure, in the better ordered crystals, is shown to be commensurate with a unit cell between 5 and 23 times the basic unit cell. The superstructure in Bi 2-x Pb x Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8 is orthorhombic where as the superstructure in Bi 2-x Pb x (SrCa) 2 CuO 6 is monoclinic. All these superconductors have a low ''twin'' density (ie density of 90 0 twist boundaries). They exhibit many dislocations and dislocation arrays associated with the weak bonding between BiO planes. They also form non-stoechiometric stacking faults with local changes in the c-axis spacing between layers

  3. Coordination chemistry of the {sup 212}Pb/{sup 212}Bi nuclear transformation: Alpha-emitting radiopharmaceuticals. Final technical report

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Parks, N.J.; Harris, W.R.; Keen, C.L.; Cooper, S.R.

    1992-07-01

    Subdivisions of this project are: (a) the synthesis of prototypical thiolate and dithiocarbamate based hexacoordinate complexes, (b) radiochemical engineering for generation of no-carrier-added lead and bismuth radioelements, (c) the first isolation of bismuth-binding proteins from in vivo studies with cyclotron produced {sup 205/206}Bi tracer, and (d) initial development of transport mechanisms for the intracellular radiobiological study of alpha emitting bismuth, and (e) the initiation of chemical equilibrium studies and biochemical pathways with cyclotron-produced, no-carrier-added, {sup 203}Pb (T{sub 1/2} = 51 hr).

  4. Preparation of (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox precursor powders by a modified polyethylene glycol based sol-gel process

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Grivel, Jean-Claude; Andersen, N.H.

    2002-01-01

    A modified sol-gel process based on polyethylene glycol has been developed for preparing (Bi,Pb)(2)Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox precursor powders in view of Ag-sheeted tape manufacture. A careful control of the pH and concentration temperature yields an amorphous gel, which can be converted to a fine and extremely...

  5. Mixed Valence Perovskite Cs2 Au2 I6 : A Potential Material for Thin-Film Pb-Free Photovoltaic Cells with Ultrahigh Efficiency.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Debbichi, Lamjed; Lee, Songju; Cho, Hyunyoung; Rappe, Andrew M; Hong, Ki-Ha; Jang, Min Seok; Kim, Hyungjun

    2018-03-01

    New light is shed on the previously known perovskite material, Cs 2 Au 2 I 6 , as a potential active material for high-efficiency thin-film Pb-free photovoltaic cells. First-principles calculations demonstrate that Cs 2 Au 2 I 6 has an optimal band gap that is close to the Shockley-Queisser value. The band gap size is governed by intermediate band formation. Charge disproportionation on Au makes Cs 2 Au 2 I 6 a double-perovskite material, although it is stoichiometrically a single perovskite. In contrast to most previously discussed double perovskites, Cs 2 Au 2 I 6 has a direct-band-gap feature, and optical simulation predicts that a very thin layer of active material is sufficient to achieve a high photoconversion efficiency using a polycrystalline film layer. The already confirmed synthesizability of this material, coupled with the state-of-the-art multiscale simulations connecting from the material to the device, strongly suggests that Cs 2 Au 2 I 6 will serve as the active material in highly efficient, nontoxic, and thin-film perovskite solar cells in the very near future. © 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  6. The Au-Ag-Sb-Bi-Te mineralization from the deposit Bytíz (mine 19), the Příbram uranium-polymetallic ore discrit, Czech Republic

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Litochleb, J.; Sejkora, J.; Šrein, Vladimír

    2006-01-01

    Roč. 28, Spec. pap. (2006), s. 133-135 ISSN 1896-2203. [Central European Mineralogical Conference /1./. Vyšná Boca, 11.09.2006-15.09.2006] Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z30460519 Keywords : Au-Ag-Sb-Bi-Te * mineralization * uranium-polymetallic ore Subject RIV: DB - Geology ; Mineralogy

  7. Effects of Pb concentration on phase, microstructure and electrical properties of Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12 ceramics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lawita, P.; Siriprapa, P.; Watcharapasorn, A.; Jiansirisomboon, S.

    2012-01-01

    In this work, effects of Pb-doping concentration on phase, microstructure and electrical properties of bismuth lead lanthanum titanate (Bi 1−x Pb x ) 3.25 La 0.75 Ti 3 O 12 or BPLT ceramics when x = 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07, 0.09 and 0.1 were investigated. Phase analysis by X-ray diffraction indicated the existence of orthorhombic phase for all BPLT powders and ceramics. Microstructural investigation using scanning electron microscope showed that all ceramics composed mainly of plate-like grains. An increase in PbO doping content reduced not only diameter and thickness of the grains but also density of the ceramics. Electrical conductivity was found to decrease while dielectric constant increased with Pb-doping concentration. Small reduction of remanent polarization and coercive field was observed in Pb-doped samples. - Highlights: ► We prepared bismuth lead lanthanum titanate ceramics by a solid state mixed-oxide method. ► The optimum sintering temperature was found to be 1150 °C. ► BPLT ceramic was identified by X-ray diffraction method to possess an orthorhombic structure. ► All samples shows plate-like morphology with varying grain size and orientation. ► Increasing Pb-doping content tended to decrease electrical conductivity values.

  8. Magneto-optical properties of BiFeO{sub 3} thin films using surface plasmon resonance technique

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Paliwal, Ayushi; Sharma, Anjali [Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007 (India); Tomar, Monika [Physics Department, Miranda House, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007 (India); Gupta, Vinay, E-mail: drguptavinay@gmail.com [Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007 (India)

    2014-09-01

    Indigeneously assembled surface plasmon resonance (SPR) set up has been exploited to study the magnetic field dependent optical properties of BiFeO{sub 3} thin films. BiFeO{sub 3} thin films have been deposited onto gold (Au) coated glass prism by using pulsed laser deposition technique. The surface plasmon modes in prism/Au/BiFeO{sub 3}/air structure have been excited in Kretschmann configuration at the interface of Au/BiFeO{sub 3} thin films. The SPR reflectance curves obtained for prism/Au/BiFeO{sub 3}/air structure were utilized to investigate the optical properties of BiFeO{sub 3} thin films at optical frequency (λ=633 nm) as a function of applied magnetic field. SPR curves shows a continuous shift towards lower angles with increasing applied magnetic field, which indicate the promising application of ferromagnetic BiFeO{sub 3} film as a magnetic field sensor. Complex dielectric constant of deposited BiFeO{sub 3} film was determined by fitting the experimental SPR data with Fresnel's equations. The variation of complex dielectric constant and refractive index of BiFeO{sub 3} film was studied with increase in magnetic field, and the sensitivity of magnetic field sensor was found to be about 0.52 RIU/T.

  9. Enhanced production of low-mass electron-positron pairs in 40-AGeV Pb-Au collisions at the CERN SPS.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Adamová, D; Agakichiev, G; Appelshäuser, H; Belaga, V; Braun-Munzinger, P; Cherlin, A; Damjanović, S; Dietel, T; Dietrich, L; Drees, A; Esumi, S I; Filimonov, K; Fomenko, K; Fraenkel, Z; Garabatos, C; Glässel, P; Hering, G; Holeczek, J; Kushpil, V; Lenkeit, B; Maas, A; Marín, A; Milosević, J; Milov, A; Miśkowiec, D; Panebrattsev, Yu; Petchenova, O; Petrácek, V; Pfeiffer, A; Rak, J; Ravinovich, I; Rehak, P; Richter, M; Sako, H; Schmitz, W; Sedykh, S; Seipp, W; Sharma, A; Shimansky, S; Slívová, J; Specht, H J; Stachel, J; Sumbera, M; Tilsner, H; Tserruya, I; Wessels, J P; Wienold, T; Windelband, B; Wurm, J P; Xie, W; Yurevich, S; Yurevich, V

    2003-07-25

    We report on first measurements of low-mass electron-positron pairs in Pb-Au collisions at the CERN SPS beam energy of 40 AGeV. The observed pair yield integrated over the range of invariant masses 0.2e(+)e(-) annihilation with a modified rho propagator. They may be linked to chiral symmetry restoration and support the notion that the in-medium modifications of the rho are more driven by baryon density than by temperature.

  10. Enhanced production of low-mass electron-positron pairs in 40-AGeV Pb-Au collisions at the CERN SPS

    CERN Document Server

    Adamova, D; Appelshäuser, H; Belaga, V; Braun-Munzinger, P; Cherlin, A; Damjanovic, S; Dietel, T; Dietrich, L; Drees, A; Esumi, S I; Filimonov, K; Fomenko, K; Fraenkel, Zeev; Garabatos, C; Glässel, P; Hering, G; Holeczek, J; Kushpil, V; Lenkeit, B C; Maas, A; Marin, A; Milosevic, J; Milov, A; Miskowiec, D; Panebratsev, Yu A; Petchenova, O Yu; Petracek, V; Pfeiffer, A; Rak, J; Ravinovich, I; Rehak, P; Richter, M; Sako, H; Schmitz, W; Sedykh, S; Seipp, W; Sharma, A; Shimansky, S S; Slivova, J; Specht, H J; Stachel, J; Sumbera, M; Tilsner, H; Tserruya, Itzhak; Wessels, J P; Wienold, T; Windelband, B; Wurm, J P; Xie, W; Yurevich, S; Yurevich, V I

    2003-01-01

    We report on first measurements of low-mass electron pairs in Pb-Au collisions at the lower SPS beam energy of 40 AGeV. The pair yield integrated over the range of invariant masses 0.2 e+ e- annihilation with a modified rho-propagator. They may be linked to chiral symmetry restoration and support the notion that the in-medium modifications of the rho are more driven by baryon density than by temperature.

  11. Structural relaxation in the magnetically treated glass ceramic Bi1.8Pb0.2Sr2CaCu2Ox

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Alekseenko, V.I.; Volkova, G.K.; Konstanminova, T.E.; Nosolev, I.K.; Popova, I.B.

    1994-01-01

    Structure relaxation in Bi 1.8 Pb 0.2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O x amorphous glass ceramics after the treatment using weak pulse magnetic field is studied using microindentation, X-ray structure analysis and inner friction techniques. Structure relaxation after substance treatment using pulse magnetic field is detected to occur at room temperature and to result in its strengthening (increase of microhardness-H v ) and in reduction of inner microstress level.9 refs., 4 figs

  12. Band bending in Au/Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy: Dependence on the initial state of the film

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Apostol, Nicoleta G.; Stoflea, Laura E.; Lungu, George A.; Tanase, Liviu C.; Chirila, Cristina; Frunza, Ligia; Pintilie, Lucian; Teodorescu, Cristian M.

    2013-01-01

    This work presents a systematic investigation by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the mechanisms of interface formation and band bending for Au/Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 (PZT) layers grown on SrTiO 3 (001) with a SrRuO 3 buffer layer, as function on the initial state of the PZT surface. After isolating the chemical effects, such as the formation of metal Pb at some surfaces, the evolution of the core levels with Au deposition allows one to simultaneously investigate the Schottky barrier formation and the built-in potential effects (charging induced by the static ferroelectric polarization). Areas of the sample with outwards P (+) and no polarization perpendicular to the surface P (0) are identified for all samples. Only the freshly prepared sample exhibited inward polarization areas P (−) . The built-in potential is on the order of 0.9 eV, while the Schottky band bending ranges from 0.2 to 0.6 eV towards lower absolute energies, therefore indicating that the work function of PZT exceeds that of Au deposited. We report also a chemically differentiate value of the built-in potential, manifested by a preferential distribution of the charge accumulated at the surface on Ti and O atoms. The O 1s and Ti 2p core levels manifest quite strong variations with the Au thickness for freshly prepared samples, resulting in shifts on the order of 2 eV towards lower binding energies. Au deposited on areas with an outward polarization is positively charged by the same potential as atoms from the PZT film (0.8–0.9 eV), whereas Au deposited on areas with an inward polarization forms a continuous grounded layer, which progressively pumps the accumulated charge and removes the polarization of these areas. - Highlights: • Assessment by XPS of areas with different ferroelectric polarization. • Inwards polarized areas identified only on freshly prepared substrates. • Follow-up of the Schottky barrier formed at Au/PZT(001) interfaces. • Inwards polarized areas exhibit higher binding

  13. Mean charge states of MeV/u Fe, Co, Ni and Cu ions in Au and Bi solid targets

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ciortea, C.; Dumitriu, D.E.; Enescu, S.E.; Enulescu, A.; Fluerasu, D.; Piticu, I.; Szilagyi, Z.S.

    2001-01-01

    The average charge states of 0.1 - 1.5 MeV/u Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu ions in solid Au and Bi targets have been determined by estimating the mean numbers of outer-shell spectator vacancies during the K-vacancy decay. The latter quantities were obtained from the yield and energy shifts of the K α , β X-rays, by comparing with calculations in the independent electron approximation. The reported equilibrium charges, mostly characteristic for the inside of the target, are in fairly agreement with Nikolaev and Dmitriev semi-empirical formula. (authors)

  14. Dating Ore Deposit Using Garnet U–Pb Geochronology: Example from the Xinqiao Cu–S–Fe–Au Deposit, Eastern China

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yu Zhang

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available The large Xinqiao Cu–S–Fe–Au deposit in the Tongling ore district, Eastern China, is characterized by a large-scale stratiform orebody, in which garnet is widely distributed as the main gangue mineral associated with mineralization. Xinqiao garnet can be divided into early (Grt1 and late (Grt2 generations based on extensive back-scattered electron (BSE imaging observations. Laser ablation (LA-ICP-MS trace element and U–Pb isotope composition analyses indicate that uranium occurs homogeneously within the Xinqiao garnet, and Grt1 and Grt2 have weighted average 207Pb-corrected 206Pb/238U ages of 137.0 ± 7.8 Ma (Mean standard weighted deviation (MSWD = 4.9 and 129.6 ± 7.1 Ma (MSWD = 1.6, respectively, similar to the zircon U–Pb age (139.6 ± 1.5 Ma of the Jitou intrusion. These garnet U–Pb ages, combined with the low MnO content and various Y/Ho ratios, suggest that the Xinqiao garnet is likely to have a magmatic hydrothermal replacement origin associated with the Jitou stock. Based on previous studies of the Xinqiao deposit, we infer that the Xinqiao stratiform orebody may have formed from the Early Cretaceous magmatic hydrothermal fluids associated with the Jitou stock, and may have been generated by the Early Cretaceous tectono-thermal event in Eastern China.

  15. SINTESIS SUPERKONDUKTOR SISTEM (Bi,PbSr(Y,CaCuO BERFASE 1212 DENGAN METODE PELELEHAN

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. Sumadiyasa

    2012-08-01

    Full Text Available Superconductors system BPSCCO 1212 phase have been synthesized by solid state reaction with melting methods. The schedules: calcining at 9000C during 10 h, making of pellet, melting at 10100C for 0.1 h, cooling (cooling rate 350C/h to 9800C, and sintering at 9800C during 5, 10, 20, and 30 h. From measurement of XRD, all of the sample has showed to be formed of  Bi-1212 phase. The highest volume fraction reach 91,23 % given by sample which is sintering at 9800C during 10 h. The spectrum pattern show reflection of its 00l extremely high intensity, showing the existence highly textured which as according to the typical behaviour for materials with the c-axis lying normal to the surface plane. The resistivity as function of temperature, that sample not yet shown the existence of Tc0, not yet had the superconducting properties at temperature above 77 K. The SEM shows morphology of surface, showing the existence of  the stacking of plate-like. Analyse EDX at some spots observation, show elements distribution of Bi, Pb, Sr, Y, Ca and Cu nearly homogenous, and its ratio of the spots on grain have been nearly the composition of 1212 phase.

  16. Electrode contacts on ferroelectric Pb(Zr x Ti1−x )O3 and SrBi2Ta2O9 thin films and their influence on fatigue properties

    OpenAIRE

    Lee, J. J.; Thio, C. L.; Desu, Seshu B.

    1995-01-01

    The degradation (fatigue) of dielectric properties of ferroelectric Pb(ZrxTi1-x)O-3 (PZT) and SrBi2Ta2O9 thin films during cycling was investigated. PZT and SrBi2Ta2O9 thin films were fabricated by metalorganic decomposition and pulsed laser deposition, respectively. Samples with electrodes of platinum (Pt) and ruthenium oxide (RuO2) were studied. The interfacial capacitance (if any) at the Pt/PZT, RuO2/PZT, and Pt/SrBi2Ta2O9 interfaces was determined from the thickness dependence of low-fiel...

  17. Lambda Produktion in Pb-Au Kollisionen bei 40 A GeV

    CERN Document Server

    Schmitz, Wolfgang

    2001-01-01

    The CERES-experiment at the CERN-SPS investigates the production of electron-positron pairs in ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions. The CERES spectrometer was upgraded during 1998 by the addition of a Time Projection Chamber (TPC) with a radial electric drift field and two coils of a warm magnet to provide a momentum analysis. This thesis deals with the design and construction of the CERES TPC and a first $Lambda$-analysis in 40 A,GeV Pb+Au collisions. The relative momentum resolution $sigma (dp/p)^2$ = $0.027^2+(0.024 ~ p)^2$ (in GeV/c) was determined using the measured width of the $Lambda$ invariant mass spectrum ($sigma$ = 12 MeV/c$^2$) and comparing it to a TPC simulation containing all measured distortions of a trajectory. The resolution is about a factor of 2.5 worse compared to its design value due to the still incomplete calibration. Analysing the fully corrected $Lambda$ transverse momentum spectra in a rapidity interval 2.0 $<$ $y_{m {Lambda}}$ $<$ 2.4 close to midrapidity for centralities $...

  18. A comparative design study of PB-BI cooled reactor cores with forced and natural convection cooling

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mizuno, Tomoyasu; Enuma, Yasuhiro; Tanji, Mikio

    2003-01-01

    A comparative core design study is performed on Pb-Bi cooled reactors with forced and natural convection (FC and NC) cooling. Major interests of the study are core performance and core safety features. The designed core concepts with nitride fuel achieve reasonable breeding capability. The results of unprotected event analyses such as UTOP and ULOF show that both of concepts have possible features to withstand unprotected events due to negative reactivity feedback by Doppler effect, control rod drive line expansion, etc. These results lead to a conclusion that both of concepts have possible capability as one of future promising core concepts. A FC cooling core concept has more advantage if fuel recycle viewpoint is emphasized. (author)

  19. Comparison of growth texture in round Bi2212 and flat Bi2223 wires and its relation to high critical current density development

    OpenAIRE

    Kametani, F.; Jiang, J.; Matras, M.; Abraimov, D.; Hellstrom, E. E.; Larbalestier, D. C.

    2015-01-01

    Why Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox (Bi2212) allows high critical current density Jc in round wires rather than only in the anisotropic tape form demanded by all other high temperature superconductors is important for future magnet applications. Here we compare the local texture of state-of-the-art Bi2212 and Bi2223 ((Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10), finding that round wire Bi2212 generates a dominant a-axis growth texture that also enforces a local biaxial texture (FWHM

  20. The Crystal Structure of Cu4Bi4Se9

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Makovicky, E.; Søtofte, Inger; Karup-Møller, S.

    2002-01-01

    contains three square pyramidal Bi sites, an octahedrally coordinated Bi site as well as two tetrahedrally and two irregularly coordinated Cu sites. The structure is an intergrowth of PbS-like slabs with irregularly configured slabs of Bi pyramids and Cu tetrahedra. It contains covalently bonded Se-2...

  1. Preparation of high - superconductor BSCCO in system with added Pb using method of synthesis Pechini

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Aguiar, Felipe Magalhaes de; Rodrigues, Vivian Delmute; Paula, Fernando Rogerio de

    2014-01-01

    This paper studied compound of the ceramic superconductor Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O (BSCCO). The predominant BSCCO system has four phases: Bi_2Sr_2CuO6 (Bi-2201), Bi_2Sr_2Ca_1Cu_2O_8 (Bi-2212), Bi_2Sr_2Ca_2Cu_3O_1_0 (Bi-2223) e Bi_2Sr_2Ca_3Cu_4O_1_2 (Bi-2234). Of these, the most studied is the Bi-2223 and this is due to present the highest critical temperature (Tc) (125K). However, this phase is more unstable and, therefore in this work we study the stabilization of Bi-2223 phase using the substitution method, in which Bi is replaced with the Pb. The samples were obtained by method of synthesis Pechini, the stoichiometry Bi_2_-_xPb_xSr_2Ca_2Cu_3O_y. The samples obtained were characterized by diffraction ray - X, electric measurement (RxT), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy dispersive ray-x spectroscopy (EDX). The results showed that the best concentration of lead in phase and stabilizing Bi-2223 was the 0,40 mols obtaining the stoichiometry Bi_1_,_7_6Pb_0_,_2_0Sr_1_,_9_6Ca_2_,_1_8Cu_2_,_9_0O_y, which showed a T_c of 124 K. (author)

  2. Preequilibrium measurement in the Pb + Au reaction at 29 A.MeV; Mesure du preequilibre dans la reaction 29 A.MeV Pb + Au

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Aboufirassi, M.; Badala, A.; Bougault, R.; Brou, R.; Colin, J.; Durand, D.; Genoux-Lubain, A.; Horn, D.; Laville, J.L.; Le Brun, C.; Lecolley, J.F.; Lefebvres, F.; Lopez, O.; Louvel, M.; Mahi, M.; Paulot, C.; Steckmeyer, J.C.; Tamain, B. [Lab. de Physique Corpusculaire, Caen Univ., 14 (France); LPC (Caen) - CRN (Strasbourg) - GANIL - IPN (Orsay) Collaboration

    1998-04-01

    The products (nuclear fragments and light particles) emitted in the reaction Pb + Au at 29 A.MeV were detected with the NAUTILUS multidetector. All the exit channels of 2,3,4,5,.. etc fragments are compatible with a deep inelastic process in the entrance channel. In this work the `evaporation residue` was investigated and a study on the preequilibrium particles emitted after the initial interaction phases was carried out. The method of measuring the preequilibrium particle multiplicity is based on the high velocities which these particles are able to acquire (Fermi jets) in comparison with the evaporated particles. We have selected by TKE (Total Kinetic Energy) cutting the light particles having a large relative velocity either in relation to quasi-projectile fragment or in relation to the quasi-target fragment. This method has the advantage of being independent of the chosen reference frame or of the chosen TKE cutting. Since in this experiment the neutrons have not been detected, we have normalized the counting to a value obtained for the same system with a neutron detected at TKE = 3.7 MeV/A with the N/Z correction in the entrance channel applied. The results show a good agreement with the Landau-Vlasov dynamical calculations 2 refs.

  3. Measurement of conversion electrons with the $^{208}Pb(p,n)^{208}Bi$ reaction and derivation of the shell model proton neutron hole interaction from the properties of $^{208}Bi$

    CERN Document Server

    Maier, K H; Dracoulis, G D; Boutachkov, P; Aprahamian, A; Byrne, A P; Davidson, P M; Lane, G L; Marie-Jeanne, Mélanie; Nieminen, P; Watanabe, H

    2007-01-01

    Conversion electrons from 208Bi have been measured using singles and coincidence techniques with the 208Pb(p,n)208Bi reaction at 9 MeV. The new information on multipolarities and spins complements that available from recent gamma-gamma-coincidence studies with the same reaction [Boutachkov et al., Nucl. Phys. A768, 22 (2006)]. The results on electromagnetic decays taken together with information on spectroscopic factors from earlier single-particle transfer reaction measurements represent an extensive data set on the properties of the one-proton one-neutron-hole states below 3 MeV, a spectrum which is virtually complete. Comparison of the experimental observables, namely, energies, spectroscopic factors, and gamma-branching ratios, with those calculated within the shell model allows extraction of the matrix elements of the shell model residual interaction. More than 100 diagonal and nondiagonal elements can be determined in this way, through a least squares fit to the experimental data. This adjustment of the...

  4. 100-MeV proton beam intensity measurement by Au activation analysis using {sup 197}Au(p, pn){sup 196}Au and {sup 197}Au(p, p3n){sup 194}Au reactions

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mokhtari Oranj, Leila [Division of Advanced Nuclear Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang 37673 (Korea, Republic of); Jung, Nam-Suk; Oh, Joo-Hee [Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Pohang 37673 (Korea, Republic of); Lee, Hee-Seock, E-mail: lee@postech.ac.kr [Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Pohang 37673 (Korea, Republic of)

    2016-05-15

    The proton beam intensity of a 100-MeV proton linac at the Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex (KOMAC) was measured by an Au activation analysis using {sup 197}Au(p, pn){sup 196}Au and {sup 197}Au(p, p3n){sup 194}Au reactions to determine the accuracy and precision of beam intensity measurement using Gafchromic film dosimetry method. The target, irradiated by 100-MeV protons, was arranged in a stack consisting of Au, Al foils and Pb plates. The yields of produced radio-nuclei in Au foils were obtained by gamma-ray spectroscopy. The FLUKA code was employed to calculate the energy spectrum of protons onto the front surface of Au foils located at three different depth points of the target and also to investigate the condition of incident beam on the target. A good agreement was found between the beam intensity measurements using the activation analysis method at three different depth points of the target. An excellent agreement was also observed between the beam intensity measurements using the Au activation analysis method and the dosimetry method using Gafchromic film.

  5. Diffusive-like effects and possible non trivial local topology on the half-Heusler YPdBi compound

    Science.gov (United States)

    Souza, J. C.; Lesseux, G. G.; Urbano, R. R.; Rettori, C.; Pagliuso, P. G.

    2018-05-01

    The non-ambiguous experimental identification of topological states of matter is one of the main interesting problems regarding this new quantum state of matter. In particular, the half-Heusler family RMT (R = rare-earth, T = Pd, Pt or Au and T = Bi, Sb, Pb or Sn) could be a useful platform to explore these states due to their cubic symmetry and the topological properties tunable via their unit cell volume and/or the nuclear charges of the M and T atoms. In this work, we report electron spin resonance (ESR) and complementary macroscopic measurements in the Nd3 + -doped putative topologically trivial semimetal YPdBi. Following the Nd3 + ESR lineshape as a function of microwave power, size of the particle and temperature, we have been able to observe an evolution from a Dysonian lineshape to a diffusive-like lineshape. Furthermore, the Nd3 + ESR intensity saturation is concentration dependent, which could be due to a phonon-bottleneck process. Comparing these results with the Nd3 + -doped YPtBi, we discuss a possible scenario in which the Nd3 + ions could locally tune the topological properties of the system.

  6. Geological setting, isotope studies (C, O and Pb) and associated metals in the Tocantinzinho gold deposit, Tapajos domain, Tapajos-Parima Province

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Villas, Raimundo Netuno Nobre; Santiago, Erika Suellen Barbosa; Castilho, Marilia Portela

    2013-01-01

    The Tocantinzinho ore deposit is located along a NW-SE-trending lineament, southwestern of Itaituba (Para, Brazil), and is the largest known gold deposit of the Tapajos Province. The host Tocantinzinho granite is essentially isotropic and dominated by syenogranites and monzogranites that have been weakly to moderately altered by hydrothermal fluids. Microclinization (earliest), chloritization, sericitization, silicification and carbonatization (latest) are the main types of alteration. Most mineralization was contemporaneous with the sericitization/silicification and is represented by sulfide- and gold-bearing veinlets which locally occur as stockwork. Pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite and galena are the most common sulfides. Among the ore metals, Cu, Pb and Zn present the highest contents, but Mo, As and Bi locally show anomalous concentrations. The relationship of Au with Cu, Pb or Zn is at random and the Au/Ag ratios range from 0.05 to 0.5. The higher the sulfide contents, the higher the Au concentrations, though it occurs mainly included in pyrite. Zircon monocrystals from the Tocantinzinho granite yielded an average Pb-Pb age of 1982 ±8Ma and may represent an earlier event of the Creporizao magmatic arc. δ 13 C PDB values for calcite from the carbonatization stage fall dominantly between -3.45 and -2.29‰, being compatible with a deep crustal source that may include carbonatite reservoirs. In turn, δ 18 O SMOW values vary from +5.97 to +14.10‰, being indicative of magmatic derivation, although the less positive values suggest contribution from surficial waters. Unpublished fluid inclusion study reveals the presence of aquo-carbonic fluids, whose CO 2 could have been dissolved in the granitic magma rather than being related to the shear zone. The available data allow the Tocantinzinho deposit to be classified as a granite-hosted, intrusion-related gold deposit. (author)

  7. Spatial variations in composition in high-critical-current-density Bi-2223 tapes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Holesinger, T. G.; Bingert, J. F.; Teplitsky, M.; Li, Q.; Parrella, R.; Rupich, M. P.; Riley, G. N. Jr.

    2000-01-01

    A detailed compositional analysis of high-critical-current-density (J c ) (55 and 65 kA/cm2 at 77 K) (Bi, Pb) 2 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O y (Bi-2223) tapes was undertaken by energy dispersive spectroscopy in the transmission electron microscope. Structural features were coupled with characteristic compositions of the Bi-2223 phase. The average of all compositional measurements of the Bi-2223 phase was determined to be Bi 1.88 Pb 0.23 Sr 1.96 Ca 1.95 Cu 2.98 O y . However, spatial variations in the Bi-2223 composition and differing phase equilibria were found throughout the filament structure. In particular, a considerable range of Bi-2223 compositions can be found within a single tape, and the lead content of the Bi-2223 phase is significantly depressed in the vicinity of lead-rich phases. The depletion of lead in the Bi-2223 phase around the 3221 phases may be a current-limiting microstructure in these tapes. (c) 2000 Materials Research Society

  8. Directed flow and particle production in Au+Au collisions from experiment E877 at the AGS

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Barrette, J.

    1996-01-01

    In this article we summarize recent results on the study of Au+Au collisions at 10.8A GeV/c obtained at the AGS by the E877 Collaboration. New results on the directed sideward flow are presented. In particular, the dependence of proton and pion production on the direction of the reaction plane will be discussed. It is shown that the sideward flow is mainly due to nucleons and that pions show little flow effects. Two-pion correlation functions are studied to derive the density at freeze-out. Further, we inspect the correlations as a function of the pion direction relative to the reaction plane. A dependence of the deduced source sizes on the pair direction and momentum is observed. The measured source sizes are compared to results obtained in lighter systems. Measured m t spectra of pions and kaons are also presented. The pion spectra show an enhancement at low m t similar to that observed in Si+Pb and which was attributed to triangle resonance excitation. However, in contrast to Si+Pb now a clear difference between the π + and π - spectra is seen. The K + spectra, which showed a very steep component over a small p t range in the previously studied Si+Pb reaction exhibit for Au+Au an unexpected structure at very low p t

  9. Production of BiPbSrCaCuO thin films on MgO and Ag/MgO substrates by electron beam deposition techniques

    CERN Document Server

    Varilci, A; Gorur, O; Celebi, S; Karaca, I

    2002-01-01

    Superconducting BiPbSrCaCuO thin films were prepared on MgO(001) and Ag/MgO substrates using an electron beam (e-beam) evaporation technique. The effects of annealing temperature and Ag diffusion on the crystalline structure and some superconducting properties, respectively, were investigated by X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and by measurements of the critical temperature and the critical current density. It was shown that an annealing of both types of films at 845 or 860 C resulted in the formation of mixed Bi-2223 and Bi-2212 phases with a high degree of preferential orientation with the c-axis perpendicular to the substrates. The slight increase of the critical temperature from 103 K to 105 K, the enhancement of the critical current density from 2 x 10 sup 3 to 6 x 10 sup 4 A/cm sup 2 , and the improved surface smoothness are due to a possible silver doping from the substrate. (Abstract Copyright [2002], Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

  10. Microstructural dynamics of Bi-2223/Ag tapes annealed in 8% O2

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Andersen, L.G.; Poulsen, H.F.; Abrahamsen, A.B.

    2002-01-01

    The microstructural dynamics of Bi-2223 tapes are investigated in situ during annealing in 8% O-2 by means of 100 keV x-ray diffraction. A green mono- and a green multi-filamentary tape are annealed at 829.5 degreesC. During ramp-up (Ca,Sr)(2)PbO4 decomposes above 750 degreesC, resulting in an in......The microstructural dynamics of Bi-2223 tapes are investigated in situ during annealing in 8% O-2 by means of 100 keV x-ray diffraction. A green mono- and a green multi-filamentary tape are annealed at 829.5 degreesC. During ramp-up (Ca,Sr)(2)PbO4 decomposes above 750 degreesC, resulting...... in an incorporation of Pb in Bi-2212. The associated grain growth of Bi-2212 is the main cause of the strain relief and the c-axis grain alignment of the Bi containing phases. Above 825 degreesC the Bi-2212 partly dissociates into (Ca,Sr)(14)Cu24Ox and a liquid phase. The linewidth of Bi-2212 is constant during...... the transformation to Bi-2223, indicating no strain or finite-size broadening. The most probable transformation mechanism is found to be nucleation and growth with a fast decomposition of the individual Bi-2212 grain, followed by a growth of Bi-2223 from the Bi-2212 melt reacting with (Ca,Sr)(14)Cu24Ox. The multi...

  11. BiCaSrCuO superconductors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Polvi, V.M.; Niemi, K.J.

    1989-01-01

    BiCaSrCuO and BiPbCaSrCuO powders have been synthesized. Different research methods (SEM,EDS,XRF,SRD,DTA) have been used to characterize the bulk specimen and wires. Resistance and current density measured as a function of temperature are reported. The ceramic products contained several phases. Lead containing specimen gave the best results and the synthesis was easily reproducible

  12. The effect of long annealing on Pb-doped high-Tc Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O systems

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Chandra, S.; Agnihotry, S.A.; Asthana, P.; Nagpal, K.C.; Saini, K.K.; Chanderkant; Sharma, C.P.; Ekbote, S.N. (National Physical Lab., New Delhi (India))

    1991-01-16

    The lead doped Bi based copper oxide high-Tc superconductors with different nominal compositions and with different annealing time periods are studied. The highest Tc (zero) achieved is 112 K in bulk phase 2223. The varying intensity of the low angle line at 2{theta}{approx equal}4.7deg suggests the gradual formation of the high-Tc phase due to the long annealing of nearly 200 to 250 h. It is also found that the high-Tc phase starts degrading after 250 h of annealing and Tc reduces. The distortion of the 2223 phase is suggested by the broadening of different XRD peaks, also the SEM studies support the above contention. The EDAX studies show no presence of Pb in the crystallites. (orig.).

  13. Multi-strange baryon elliptic flow in Pb-Pb collisions at $\\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV measured with the ALICE detector

    CERN Document Server

    Zhongbao, Yin

    2012-01-01

    We present the results on elliptic flow with multi-strange baryons produced in Pb-Pb collisions at \\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.76 TeV. The analysis is performed with the ALICE detector at LHC. Multi-strange baryons are reconstructed via their decay topologies and the v_2 values are analyzed with the two-particle scalar product method. The p_T differential v_2 values are compared to the VISH2+1 model calculation and to the STAR measurements at 200 GeV in Au+Au collisions. We found that the model describes \\Xi and \\Omega v_2 measurements within experimental uncertainties. The differential flow of \\Xi and \\Omega is similar to the STAR measurements at 200 GeV in Au+Au collisions.

  14. Modification of jet-like correlations in Pb-Au collisions at 158A GeV/c

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ceres Collaboration; Adamová, D.; Agakichiev, G.; Antończyk, D.; Appelshäuser, H.; Belaga, V.; Bielčíková, J.; Braun-Munzinger, P.; Busch, O.; Cherlin, A.; Damjanović, S.; Dietel, T.; Dietrich, L.; Drees, A.; Dubitzky, W.; Esumi, S. I.; Filimonov, K.; Fomenko, K.; Fraenkel, Z.; Garabatos, C.; Glässel, P.; Holeczek, J.; Kalisky, M.; Kniege, S.; Kushpil, V.; Maas, A.; Marín, A.; Milošević, J.; Milov, A.; Miśkowiec, D.; Panebrattsev, Yu.; Petchenova, O.; Petráček, V.; Pfeiffer, A.; Płoskoń, M.; Rak, J.; Ravinovich, I.; Rehak, P.; Sako, H.; Schmitz, W.; Schuchmann, S.; Sedykh, S.; Shimansky, S.; Stachel, J.; Šumbera, M.; Tilsner, H.; Tserruya, I.; Wessels, J. P.; Wienold, T.; Wurm, J. P.; Xie, W.; Yurevich, S.; Yurevich, V.

    2009-07-01

    Results of a two-particle correlation analysis of high-p charged particles in Pb-Au collisions at 158A GeV/c are presented. The data have been recorded by the CERES experiment at the CERN-SPS. The correlations are studied as function of transverse momentum, particle charge and collision centrality. We observe a jet-like structure in the vicinity of a high-p trigger particle and a broad back-to-back distribution. The yields of associated particles per trigger show a strong dependence on the trigger/associate charge combination. A comparison to PYTHIA confirms the jet-like pattern at the near-side but suggests a strong modification at the away-side, implying significant energy transfer of the hard-scattered parton to the medium.

  15. Production and identification of new, neutron-rich nuclei in the 208Pb region

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rykaczewski, K.; Kurpeta, J.; Plochocki, A.; Karny, M.; Szerypo, J.; Evensen, A.-H.; Kugler, E.; Lettry, J.; Ravn, H.; Duppen, P. van; Andreyev, A.; Huyse, M.; Woehr, A.; Jokinen, A.; Aeystoe, J.; Nieminen, A.; Huhta, M.; Ramdhane, M.; Walter, G.; Hoff, P.

    1998-01-01

    The recently developed methods allowing the experimental studies on new neutron-rich nuclei beyond doubly-magic 208 Pb are briefly described. An identification of new neutron-rich isotopes 215 Pb and 217 Bi, and new decay properties of 216 Bi studied by means of a pulsed release element selective technique at PS Booster-ISOLDE are reported

  16. Experimental Cross Sections for Reactions of Heavy Ions and 208Pb, 209Bi, 238U, and 248Cm Targets

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Patin, Joshua Barnes [Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)

    2002-01-01

    The study of the reactions between heavy ions and 208Pb, 209Bi, 238U, and 248Cm Cm targets was performed to look at the differences between the cross sections of hot and cold fusion reactions. Experimental cross sections were compared with predictions from statistical computer codes to evaluate the effectiveness of the computer code in predicting production cross sections. Hot fusion reactions were studied with the MG system, catcher foil techniques and the Berkeley Gas-filled Separator (BGS). 3n- and 4n-exit channel production cross sections were obtained for the 238U(18O,xn)256-xFm, 238U(22Ne,xn)260-xNo, and 248Cm(15N,xn)263-xLr reactions and are similar to previous experimental results. The experimental cross sections were accurately modeled by the predictions of the HIVAP code using the Reisdorf and Schaedel parameters and are consistent with the existing systematics of 4n exit channel reaction products. Cold fusion reactions were examined using the BGS. The 48Pb(238Ca,xn)256-xNo, 208Pb(50Ti,xn)258-xRf, 208Pb(51V,xn)259-xDb, 50Bi(238Ti,xn)259-xDb, and 209Bi(51V,xn)260-xSg reactions were studied. The experimental production cross sections are in agreement with the results observed in previous experiments. It was necessary to slightly alter the Reisdorf and Schaedel parameters for use in the HIVAP code in order to more accurately model the experimental data. The cold fusion experimental results are in agreement with current 1n- and 2n-exit channel systematics.

  17. Evaluation of the uncertainty for the efficiency curve determination of 210Pb by liquid scintillation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sampaio, C.S.; Sousa, W.O.; Dantas, B.M.

    2014-01-01

    Methodologies for the evaluation of uncertainties associated with the determination of the efficiency curve of 210 Pb by liquid scintillation counting (LSC) are presented. No statistical difference were found when compared the uncertainties of the curves that represented the counting net before and after the secular equilibrium between 210 Pb and 210 Bi, nether when compared the curves when counting only 210 Pb and the curve with the total count of 210 Pb and 210 Bi, for the same time interval after precipitation. (author)

  18. Multineutron emission cross-sections of Pb-208 and Bi-209 for use in fusion technology

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Garg, S.

    1995-01-01

    Pb-208 and Bi-209 are considered as promising materials for fusion blankets because of their superior neutron multiplying characteristics. In this paper, emission cross-sections for neutrons, protons, alpha-particles and gamma-rays are investigated for these nuclides in the energy range 8-30 MeV using the framework of the multistep Hauser-Feshbach statistical theory combined with the Kalbach exciton model for the pre-equilibrium decay and the Brink - Axel model of the giant dipole resonance to account for the radiative capture competition. Appropriate optical model potential parameters are selected to evaluate the compound nucleus reaction cross-sections at different neutron incident energies. (n,n'), (n,2n), (n,3n), (n,4n) and the total production cross-sections for neutrons, protons, alpha-particles and gamma-rays are inferred by performing consistent calculations. (author). 22 refs, 3 figs

  19. Scale-dependence of transverse momentum correlations in Pb - Au collisions at 158A GeV/c

    CERN Document Server

    Adamová, D; Antonczyk, D; Appelshäuser, H; Belaga, V; Bielcikova, S; Braun-Munzinger, P; Busch, O; Cherlin, A; Damjanovic, S; Dietel, T; Dietrich, L; Drees, A; Dubitzky, W; Esumi, S I; Filimonov, K; Fomenko, K; Fraenkel, Zeev; Garabatos, C; Glässel, P; Holeczek, J; Kushpil, V; Maas, A; Marín, A; Milosevic, J; Milov, A; Miskowiec, D; Panebratsev, Yu A; Petchenova, O; Petracek, V; Pfeiffer, A; Ploskon, M; Radomski, S; Rak, acn J; Ravinovich, I; Rehak, P; Sako, H; Schmitz, W; Sedykh, S; Shimansky, S; Stachel, J; Sumbera, M; Tilsner, H; Tserruya, Itzhak; Tsiledakis, G; Wessels, J P; Wienold, T; Wurm, J P; Xie, W; Yurevich, S; Yurevich, V

    2008-01-01

    We present results on transverse momentum correlations of charged particle pairs produced in Pb-Au collisions at 158$A$ GeV/$c$ at the Super Proton Synchrotron. The transverse momentum correlations have been studied as a function of collision centrality, angular separation of the particle pairs, transverse momentum and charge sign. We demonstrate that the results are in agreement with previous findings in scale-independent analyses at the same beam energy. Employing the two-particle momentum correlator $$ and the cumulative $p_t$ variable $x(p_t)$, we identify, using the scale-dependent approach presented in this paper, different sources contributing to the measured correlations, such as quantum and Coulomb correlations, elliptic flow and mini-jet fragmentation.

  20. Scale-dependence of transverse momentum correlations in PbAu collisions at 158A GeV/c

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ceres Collaboration; Adamová, D.; Agakichiev, G.; Antończyk, D.; Appelshäuser, H.; Belaga, V.; Bielcikova, S.; Braun-Munzinger, P.; Busch, O.; Cherlin, A.; Damjanović, S.; Dietel, T.; Dietrich, L.; Drees, A.; Dubitzky, W.; Esumi, S. I.; Filimonov, K.; Fomenko, K.; Fraenkel, Z.; Garabatos, C.; Glässel, P.; Holeczek, J.; Kushpil, V.; Maas, A.; Marín, A.; Milošević, J.; Milov, A.; Miśkowiec, D.; Panebrattsev, Yu.; Petchenova, O.; Petráček, V.; Pfeiffer, A.; Płoskoń, M.; Radomski, S.; Rak, J.; Ravinovich, I.; Rehak, P.; Sako, H.; Schmitz, W.; Sedykh, S.; Shimansky, S.; Stachel, J.; Šumbera, M.; Tilsner, H.; Tserruya, I.; Tsiledakis, G.; Wessels, J. P.; Wienold, T.; Wurm, J. P.; Xie, W.; Yurevich, S.; Yurevich, V.

    2008-10-01

    We present results on transverse momentum correlations of charged particle pairs produced in PbAu collisions at 158A GeV/c at the Super Proton Synchrotron. The transverse momentum correlations have been studied as a function of collision centrality, angular separation of the particle pairs, transverse momentum and charge sign. We demonstrate that the results are in agreement with previous findings in scale-independent analyses at the same beam energy. Employing the two-particle momentum correlator and the cumulative p variable x(p), we identify, using the scale-dependent approach presented in this paper, different sources contributing to the measured correlations, such as quantum and Coulomb correlations, elliptic flow and mini-jet fragmentation.

  1. Observation of a three-dimensional vortex-line liquid in a highly c-axis-oriented (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox silver-sheathed tape

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sun, Y.; Xu, G.; Du, J.; Zhou, Y.; Zeng, R.; Fu, X.; Hua, P.; Zhang, Y.

    1996-01-01

    We have measured the temperature dependence of resistance of a highly c-axis-oriented (Bi,Pb) 2 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O x silver-sheathed tape in the mixed state using the dc flux transformer geometry. In the vortex fluid regime, we have observed the onset of a nonlocal conductivity which corresponds to the peak (T peak ) in R bot (T) curves. This can be explained qualitatively in terms of the vortex decoupling which arises from an increased thermal fluctuation. At T peak , the vortices are three dimensional (3D) in character. This behavior is quite different from the results obtained recently by Safar et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 824 (1992)] and Busch et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 522 (1992)] in Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O y single crystals using the same measuring method. Their results show that the vortices are two dimensional in character. The difference of the vortex dimensionality between (Bi,Pb) 2 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O x and Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O y superconductors in the vortex liquid regime may be attributed to different anisotropies due to their different crystal structures and pinning disorders. In a 3D vortex line liquid, the results reveal that dissipation seems to originate from the thermally activated plastic motion of a pinned vortex line liquid. The field and temperature dependence of the activation energy is as follows: U(H,T)=U 0 (1-T/T c )H -0.45 . copyright 1996 The American Physical Society

  2. Light ion induced L X-ray production cross-sections in Au and Pb

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ouziane, S.; Amokrane, A.; Toumert, I.

    2008-01-01

    Experimental proton-induced L α , L β , L γ , L l and L tot absolute X-ray production cross-sections for Au and Pb in the incident proton energy range between 1 and 2.5 MeV are presented. The experimental results for X-ray production cross-sections are compared to available data given in Sokhi and Crumpton [R.S. Sokhi, D. Crumpton, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 30 (1984) 49], Jesus et al. [A.P. Jesus, J.S. Lopes, J.P. Ribeiro, J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Phys. 18 (1985) 2456; A.P. Jesus, T.M. Pinheiro, I.A. Nisa, J.P. Ribeiro, J.S. Lopes, Nucl. Instrum. Methods B15 (1986) 95] and Goudarzi et al. [M. Goudarzi, F. Shokouhi, M. Lamehi-Rachti, P.Olialiy, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B247 (2006) 218]. The given data are also compared with the predictions of ECPSSR model [W. Brandt, G. Lapicki, Phys. Rev. A23 (1981) 1717

  3. Comparative study of gamma ray shielding and some properties of PbO–SiO2–Al2O3 and Bi2O3–SiO2–Al2O3 glass systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Singh, K.J.; Kaur, Sandeep; Kaundal, R.S.

    2014-01-01

    Gamma-ray shielding properties have been estimated in terms of mass attenuation coefficient, half value layer and mean free path values, whereas, structural studies have been performed in terms of density, optical band gap, glass transition temperature and longitudinal ultrasonic velocity parameters. X-ray diffraction, UV–visible, DSC and ultrasonic techniques have been used to explore the structural properties of PbO–SiO 2 –Al 2 O 3 and Bi 2 O 3 –SiO 2 –Al 2 O 3 glass systems. - Highlights: • Bi 2 O 3 –SiO 2 –Al 2 O 3 and PbO–SiO 2 –Al 2 O 3 glasses can replace conventional concretes as gamma-ray shielding materials. • Gamma-ray shielding properties improve with the addition of heavy metals. • Rigidity deteriorates with the increase in the content of heavy metals. • Bi 2 O 3 –SiO 2 –Al 2 O 3 glass system is better than PbO–SiO 2 –Al 2 O 3 glass system in terms of gamma-ray shielding as well as structural properties

  4. Electronic structure of Pr doped into superconducting Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O ceramics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Egorov, A.I.; Karazhanova, G.I.; Smirnov, Yu.P.; Sovestnov, A.E.; Tyunis, A.V.; Shaburov, V.A.

    1992-07-01

    The shift of K α 1 and K β 1 X-ray lines of Pr in HTS-ceramic Bi 1.7 Pb 0.3 Sr 2-x Pr x Ca 2 Cu 3 O y (0,10≤x≤0,50, refer to PrF 3 ) are measured experimentally. The valence m(x), the charge q(x) and the 4f(x)-, 5d(x)-levels population of Pr are determined from experimental shifts. It is found that the Pr valence is near 3; the small valence increasing m≅3,04 at x=0,1 is observed. The small of Pr 5d-electron localization in ceramics in comparison with PrF 3 is revealed (∼0,1-0,2 5d-electron per Pr-atom). The probable cause of the superconductivity suppression in Y 1-x Pr xB a 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ system is discussed. 26 refs.; 6 figs.; 1 tab

  5. Investigation of radiation shielding properties for MeO-PbCl2-TeO2 (MeO = Bi2O3, MoO3, Sb2O3, WO3, ZnO) glasses

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sayyed, M. I.; Çelikbilek Ersundu, M.; Ersundu, A. E.; Lakshminarayana, G.; Kostka, P.

    2018-03-01

    In this work, glasses in the MeO-PbCl2-TeO2 (MeO = Bi2O3, MoO3, Sb2O3, WO3, ZnO) system, which show a great potential for optoelectronic applications, were used to evaluate their resistance under high energy ionizing radiations. The basic shielding quantities for determining the penetration of radiation in glass, such as mass attenuation coefficient (μ/ρ), half value layer (HVL), mean free path (MFP) and exposure buildup factor (EBF) values were investigated within the energy range 0.015 MeV ‒ 15 MeV using XCOM program and variation of shielding parameters were compared with different glass systems and ordinary concrete. From the derived results, it was determined that MeO-PbCl2-TeO2 (MeO = Bi2O3, MoO3, Sb2O3, WO3, ZnO) glasses show great potentiality to be used under high energy radiations. Among the studied glass compositions, Bi2O3 and WO3 containing glasses were found to possess superior gamma-ray shielding effectiveness.

  6. Melting of Au and Al in nanometer Fe/Au and Fe/Al multilayers under swift heavy ions: A thermal spike study

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chettah, A.; Wang, Z.G.; Kac, M.; Kucal, H.; Meftah, A.; Toulemonde, M.

    2006-01-01

    Knowing that Fe is sensitive to swift heavy ion irradiations whereas Au and Al are not, the behavior of nanometric metallic multilayer systems, like [Fe(3 nm)/Au(x)] y and [Fe(3 nm)/Al(x)] y with x ranging between 1 and 10 nm, were studied within the inelastic thermal spike model. In addition to the usual cylindrical geometry of energy dissipation perpendicular to the ion projectile direction, the heat transport along the ion path was implemented in the electronic and atomic sub-systems. The simulations were performed using three different values of linear energy transfer corresponding to 3 MeV/u of 208 Pb, 132 Xe and 84 Kr ions. For the Fe/Au system, evidence of appearance of a molten phase was found in the entire Au layer, provided the Au thickness is less than 7 nm and 3 nm for Pb and Xe ions, respectively. For the Fe/Al(x) system irradiated with Pb ions, the Al layers with a thickness less than 4 nm melt along the entire ion track. Surprisingly, the Fe layer does not melt if the Al thickness is larger than 2 nm, although the deposited energy surpasses the electronic stopping power threshold of track formation in Fe. For Kr ions melting does not occur in any of the multilayer systems

  7. L-subshell ionization studies in Au and Bi for 19F and 28Si large-ion bombardment

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Padhi, H.C.; Dhal, B.B.; Nanal, V.; Prasad, K.G.; Tandon, P.N.; Trautmann, D.

    1996-01-01

    L x-ray production and subshell ionization cross sections of Au and Bi have been measured for the bombardment of 19 F and 28 Si ions in the energy range 30 endash 57 MeV and 36 endash 84 MeV, respectively. Comparison of the Lα x-ray production cross sections of Au with the earlier data by Malhi and Gray [Phys. Rev. A 44, 7199 (1991)] shows reasonable agreement for 19 F impact and their data are consistently higher for 28 Si at all energies. The measured Lα line energy shows a shift towards higher energy, which appears to be proportional to the square of the projectile atomic number at all impact energies. This shift suggests the presence of multiple ionization in the L and M shells with a simultaneous production of four M holes in Au at the impact energy of 3 MeVu -1 of 28 Si. The L-subshell ionization cross sections obtained from the measured x-ray production cross sections have been compared with the semiclassical approximation and perturbed stationary state theory with energy loss, Coulomb deflection, and relativistic correction for the electron motion calculations, which show large deviations for the L 1 subshell. The L 2 - and L 3 -subshell ionization cross sections are underestimated by both the theories by a factor of 1.2 endash 4.0 for 28 Si impact whereas for the 19 F case there is reasonable agreement for the L 3 cross section but the L 2 cross section is underestimated by 20 endash 30%. copyright 1996 The American Physical Society

  8. Modification of photosensing property of CdS–Bi{sub 2}S{sub 3} bi-layer by thermal annealing and swift heavy ion irradiation

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Shaikh, Shaheed U.; Siddiqui, Farha Y. [Thin Film and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Physics (India); Department of Nanotechnology, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad 431004 (India); Singh, Fouran; Kulriya, Pawan K. [Inter University Accelerator Center, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110 067 (India); Phase, D.M. [UGC DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Khandwa Road, Indore 452017 (India); Sharma, Ramphal, E-mail: ramphalsharma@yahoo.com [Thin Film and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Physics (India); Department of Nanotechnology, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad 431004 (India)

    2016-02-01

    The CdS–Bi{sub 2}S{sub 3} bi-layer thin films have been deposited on Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) glass substrates at room temperature by Chemical Bath Deposition Technique (CBD) and bi-layer thin films were annealed in air atmosphere for 1 h at 250 {sup °}C. The air annealed sample was irradiated using Au{sup 9+} ions at the fluence 5 × 10{sup 11} ion/cm{sup 2} with 120 MeV energy. Effects of Swift Heavy Ion (SHI) irradiation on CdS–Bi{sub 2}S{sub 3} bi-layer thin films were studied. The results are explained on the basis annealing and high electronic excitation, using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Selective Electron Area Diffraction (SEAD), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Raman Spectroscopy, UV spectroscopy and I–V characteristics. The photosensing property after illumination of visible light over the samples is studied. These as-deposited, annealed and irradiated bi-layer thin films are used to sense visible light at room temperature. - Graphical abstract: Schematic illustration of CdS–Bi{sub 2}S{sub 3} bi-layer thin film (a) As-deposited (b) Annealed (c) irradiated sample respectively (d) Model of bi-layer photosensor device (e) Graph of illumination intensity verses photosensitivity. - Highlights: • CdS–Bi{sub 2}S{sub 3} bi-layer thin film prepared at room temperature. • Irradiated using Au{sup 9+} ions at the fluence of 5 × 10{sup 11} ion/cm{sup 2} with 120 MeV energy. • Study of modification induced by irradiations. • Study of Photosensitivity after annealing and irradiation.

  9. Long range absorption in the scattering of 6He on 208Pb and 197Au at 27 MeV

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kakuee, O.R.; Alvarez, M.A.G.; Andres, M.V.; Cherubini, S.; Davinson, T.; Di Pietro, A.; Galster, W.; Gomez-Camacho, J.; Laird, A.M.; Lamehi-Rachti, M.; Martel, I.; Moro, A.M.; Rahighi, J.; Sanchez-Benitez, A.M.; Shotter, A.C.; Smith, W.B.; Vervier, J.; Woods, P.J.

    2006-01-01

    Quasi-elastic scattering of 6 He at E lab =27 MeV from 197 Au has been measured in the angular range of 6 o -72 o in the laboratory system employing LEDA and LAMP detection systems. These data, along previously analysed data of 6 He+ 208 Pb at the same energy, are analysed using optical model calculations. The role of Coulomb dipole polarizability has been investigated. Large imaginary diffuseness parameters are required to fit the data. This result is an evidence for long range absorption mechanisms in 6 He induced reactions

  10. Low-mass lepton pair production in Pb - Au collisions at 40 A $\\cdot$ GeV

    CERN Document Server

    AUTHOR|(CDS)2073202; Appelshäuser, H; Belaga, V; Braun-Munzinger, P; Cherlin, A; Damjanovic, S; Dietel, T; Dietrich, L; Drees, A; Esumi, S I; Filimonov, K; Fomenko, K; Fraenkel, Zeev; Garabatos, C; Glässel, P; Hering, G; Holeczek, J; Kushpil, V; Lenkeit, B C; Maas, A; Marin, A; Milosevic, J; Milov, A; Miskowiec, D; Panebratsev, Yu A; Petchenova, O Yu; Petrácek, V; Pfeiffer, A; Rak, J; Ravinovich, I; Rehak, P; Richter, M; Sako, H; Schmitz, W; Schükraft, Jürgen; Sedykh, S; Seipp, W; Shimansky, S S; Slívova, J; Specht, H J; Stachel, J; Sumbera, M; Tilsner, H; Tserruya, Itzhak; Wessels, J P; Wienold, T; Windelband, B; Wurm, J P; Xie, W; Yurevich, S; Yurevich, V

    2003-01-01

    The CERES/NA45 experiment at the CERN SPS has previously measured e **+e**- pair production in 160 A center dot GeV Pb-Au collisions. In the mass region m greater than 0.2 GeV/c**2, an enhancement of 2.7 plus or minus 0.4(stat.) plus or minus 0.5(syst.) compared to the expectation from known hadronic decay sources was observed. In the 40 A center dot GeV data taken in 1999, an enhancement is again found; a preliminary analysis gives an even larger value of 5.0 plus or minus 1.3(stat.). The results are compared to theoretical model calculations based on pi**+ pi**- annihilation with a modified rho- propagator; they may be related to chiral symmetry restoration. 17 Refs.

  11. Study of the mechanism of Pb + Au reaction at 29 A.MeV; Etude du mecanisme de la reaction Pb + Au a 29 A.MeV

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Aboufirassi, M

    1994-07-01

    The aim of this thesis is to demonstrate the binary character of Pb + Au reaction at 29 A.MeV and to study the decay modes of very excited nuclei produced. The experiment set up was performed at the GANIL in the scattering chamber NAUTILUS. It was composed by multi detectors of fragments (Z {>=}8) and multi detectors of light charged particles. (Z<8). The analysis of events which lead to detection of more then 80 % of both total charge and total parallel momentum proved that two body final state is still present at this incident energy. This mechanism is similar to the mechanism of heavy ion reaction at low bombarding energy. We have shown that complete damping occurred leading to excitation energy as high as 6 Me V/u. The decay modes of deep inelastic products are evaporation residue or binary fission or multifragmentation. Analysing the fission products, we have estimated the aligned spin of deep inelastic products (45 h). Finally, the study of light charged particles detected with fission fragments has demonstrated that these particles are emitted essentially before fission. The temperature value of hot nuclei emitted at foreword angle is deduced of light particle spectra. (author). 59 refs.

  12. Peltier-effect in the mixed state of (Bi, Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Oδ

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Galffy, M.; Hohn, C.; Freimuth, A.

    1994-01-01

    We present measurements of the Peltier-effect in the mixed state of Bi 1.76 Pb 0.24 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O δ . The Peltier-coefficient broadens in a magnetic field quite similar to the resistivity and the thermopower. Comparison with the thermopower shows that Onsagers relation holds well. The occurrence of the Peltier-heat in the mixed state well below T c implies that the electric current is accompanied by a large heat current. We show that the vortex contribution to the Peltier-heat is negligibly small. Therefore the heat current has to be attributed to normal quasiparticle excitations. Our results indicate that this quasiparticle contribution to the heat current remains large even at temperatures far below T c . (orig.)

  13. Electron energy transfer effect in Au NS/CH3NH3PbI3-xClx heterostructures via localized surface plasmon resonance coupling.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cai, Chunfeng; Zhai, Jizhi; Bi, Gang; Wu, Huizhen

    2016-09-15

    Localized surface plasmon resonance coupling effects (LSPR) have attracted much attention due to their interesting properties. This Letter demonstrates significant photoluminescence (PL) enhancement in the Au NS/CH3NH3PbI3-xClx heterostructures via the LSPR coupling. The observed PL emission enhancement is mainly attributed to the hot electron energy transfer effect related to the LSPR coupling. For the energy transfer effect, photo-generated electrons will be directly extracted into Au SPs, rather than relaxed into exciton states. This energy transfer process is much faster than the diffusion and relaxation time of free electrons, and may provide new ideas on the design of high-efficiency solar cells and ultrafast response photodetectors.

  14. Production and identification of new, neutron-rich nuclei in the {sup 208}Pb region

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Rykaczewski, K. [Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States). Physics Div.]|[ISOLDE-CERN, Geneva (Switzerland)]|[Univ. of Warsaw (Poland); Kurpeta, J.; Plochocki, A. [Univ. of Warsaw (Poland)] [and others

    1998-11-01

    The recently developed methods allowing the experimental studies on new neutron-rich nuclei beyond doubly-magic {sup 208}Pb are briefly described. An identification of new neutron-rich isotopes {sup 215}Pb and {sup 217}Bi, and new decay properties of {sup 216}Bi studied by means of a pulsed release element selective technique at PS Booster-ISOLDE are reported.

  15. Fission of spin-aligned projectile-like nuclei in the interactions of 29 MeV/nucleon 208Pb with 197Au

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bresson, S.; Morjean, M.; Jastrzebski, J.; Skulski, W.; Kordyasz, A.; Lott, B.

    1992-01-01

    Binary fission of projectile-like nuclei was investigated in the interaction of 29 MeV/nucleon Pb on Au, together with the associated neutron multiplicity. Fission is only observed in rather peripheral collisions and represents approximately 20% of the total reaction cross-section. The fission process occurs after collisions in which up to 550 MeV have been dissipated. The angular and energy distribution of the fragments can be accounted for by assuming a noticeable spin alignment of the fissioning nuclei. (author) 18 refs.; 3 figs

  16. The behaviour of the elements Ni, Co, Cu, Pb, Zn, Au, Ag, Mo, Sn, W and U in the magmatic, hydrothermal, sedimentary and weathering environments

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anderson, J.R.

    1978-01-01

    In the last two decades much has been published on the behaviour of certain elements in the magmatic, hydrothermal, sedimentary and weathering environments, but the information is scattered throughout the literature. This situation prompted the present study on the elements Ni, Co, Cu, Pb, Zn, Au, Ag, Mo, Sn, W and U. The behaviour of the elements Ni, Cu, Pb, Zn, Au, Sn, W and U has been studied experimentally in some depth. Ag has been moderately studied, but there is very little information about Co and Mo. Studies on the complexes formed by the elements within the hydrothermal and aqueous environment are often inconclusive and controversial, but conclusions are drawn as to the more likely complexes formed. A genetic classification of ore deposits is used as a framework for the discussion. The source of the elements is regarded as being the mantle, and therefore discussion on other possible sources is beyond the scope of this dissertation. The crystal chemistry and geochemistry of the elements are presented and the essay concludes with a discussion on the elements within their depositional environments

  17. Corrosion behavior of austenitic and ferritic/martensitic steels in oxygen-saturated liquid Pb-Bi eutectic at 450circC and 550circC

    OpenAIRE

    倉田 有司; 二川 正敏; 斎藤 滋

    2005-01-01

    Static corrosion tests of various austenitic and ferritic/martensitic steels were conducted in oxygen-saturated liquid Pb-Bi at 450circC and 550circC for 3000h to study the effects of temperature and alloying elements on corrosion behavior. Oxidation, grain boundary corrosion, dissolution and penetration were observed. The corrosion depth decreases at 450circC with increasing Cr content in steels regardless of ferritic/martensitic or austenitic steels. Appreciable dissolution of Ni and Cr doe...

  18. Synthesis of bi-phase dispersible core-shell FeAu@ZnO magneto-opto-fluorescent nanoparticles

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Xue-Mei; Liu, Hong-Ling; Liu, Xiao; Fang, Ning; Wang, Xian-Hong; Wu, Jun-Hua

    2015-11-01

    Bi-phase dispersible core-shell FeAu@ZnO magneto-opto-fluorescent nanoparticles were synthesized by a modified nanoemulsion process using poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEO-PPO-PEO) as the surfactant. The morphology and crystal structure of the nanoparticles were studied by TEM/HRTEM and XRD. The nanoparticles manifest soft ferromagnetic and/or near superparamagnetic behavior with a small coercivity of ~19 Oe at room temperature. The corresponding magnetic hysteresis curves were elucidated by the modified Langevin equation. The FTIR study confirms the PEO-PPO-PEO molecules on the surface of the nanoparticles. The UV-vis and PL results reveal the well-behaved absorption bands including surface plasmon resonance and multiple visible fingerprint photoluminescent emissions of the nanoparticles dispersed in both hydrophilic and hydrophobic solvents. Moreover, the processes of solvent dispersion-collection of the nanoparticles were demonstrated for application readiness of such core-shell nanostructures.

  19. Electron-pair production in Pb - Au collisions at 40 AGeV

    CERN Document Server

    Damjanovic, Sanja

    2002-01-01

    This thesis contains the first experimental results on electron-pair production from the CERES/NA45 experiment at the CERN SPS after the upgrade with a Time Projection Chamber (TPC). The data were taken in late 1999 with a Pb-beam on a Au-target at a beam energy of 40 AGeV. Out of about 8 Million events with a 30$$ centrality selection, 249$pm$28 $e^{+}e^{-}$ pairs for masses $le$0.2 GeV/c$^{2}$ with a S/B ratio of 1/1, and 185$pm$48 $e^{+}e^{-}$ pairs for masses $>$0.2 GeV/c$^{2}$ with a S/B ratio of 1/6 were reconstructed. The low-mass sample agrees with the expectation from hadronic decays. The high-mass sample shows an excess of a factor of 5.1$pm$1.3(stat)$pm$1.0(syst) above that expectation, considerably more than the values around 2.5-3.5 observed before at the higher beam energy of 160 AGeV. The excess yield is dominantly associated with pair transverse momenta $<$0.5 GeV/c, consistent with the findings at 160 AGeV. The theoretical relevance of the results is discussed in some detail. The dilepton ...

  20. Residual tensile stresses and piezoelectric properties in BiFeO3-Bi(Zn1/2Ti1/2O3-PbTiO3 ternary solid solution perovskite ceramics

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Weilin Zheng

    2016-08-01

    Full Text Available For low dielectric loss perovskite-structured (1-x-yBiFeO3-xBi(Zn1/2Ti1/2O3-yPbTiO3 (BF-BZT-PT (x = 0.04-0.15 and y = 0.15-0.26 ceramics in rhombohedral/tetragonal coexistent phase, structural phase transitions were studied using differential thermal analyzer combined with temperature-dependent dielectric measurement. Two lattice structural phase transitions are disclosed in various BF-BZT-PT perovskites, which is different from its membership of BiFeO3 exhibiting just one lattice structural phase transition at Curie temperature TC= 830oC. Consequently, residual internal tensile stresses were revealed experimentally through XRD measurements on ceramic pellets and counterpart powders, which are reasonably attributed to special structural phase transition sequence of BF-BZT-PT solid solution perovskites. Low piezoresponse was observed and argued extrinsically resulting from residual tensile stresses pinning ferroelectric polarization switching. Post-annealing and subsequent quenching was found effective for eliminating residual internal stresses in those BZT-less ceramics, and good piezoelectric property of d33 ≥ 28 pC/N obtained for 0.70BF-0.08BZT-0.22PT and 0.05 wt% MnO2-doped 0.70BF-0.04BZT-0.26PT ceramics with TC ≥ 640oC, while it seemed no effective for those BZT-rich BF-BZT-PT ceramics with x = 0.14 and 0.15 studied here.

  1. Scale-dependence of transverse momentum correlations in Pb sbnd Au collisions at 158A GeV/c

    Science.gov (United States)

    Adamová, D.; Agakichiev, G.; Antończyk, D.; Appelshäuser, H.; Belaga, V.; Bielcikova, S.; Braun-Munzinger, P.; Busch, O.; Cherlin, A.; Damjanović, S.; Dietel, T.; Dietrich, L.; Drees, A.; Dubitzky, W.; Esumi, S. I.; Filimonov, K.; Fomenko, K.; Fraenkel, Z.; Garabatos, C.; Glässel, P.; Holeczek, J.; Kushpil, V.; Maas, A.; Marín, A.; Milošević, J.; Milov, A.; Miśkowiec, D.; Panebrattsev, Yu.; Petchenova, O.; Petráček, V.; Pfeiffer, A.; Płoskoń, M.; Radomski, S.; Rak, J.; Ravinovich, I.; Rehak, P.; Sako, H.; Schmitz, W.; Sedykh, S.; Shimansky, S.; Stachel, J.; Šumbera, M.; Tilsner, H.; Tserruya, I.; Tsiledakis, G.; Wessels, J. P.; Wienold, T.; Wurm, J. P.; Xie, W.; Yurevich, S.; Yurevich, V.; Ceres Collaboration

    2008-10-01

    We present results on transverse momentum correlations of charged particle pairs produced in Pb sbnd Au collisions at 158A GeV/c at the Super Proton Synchrotron. The transverse momentum correlations have been studied as a function of collision centrality, angular separation of the particle pairs, transverse momentum and charge sign. We demonstrate that the results are in agreement with previous findings in scale-independent analyses at the same beam energy. Employing the two-particle momentum correlator and the cumulative p variable x(p), we identify, using the scale-dependent approach presented in this paper, different sources contributing to the measured correlations, such as quantum and Coulomb correlations, elliptic flow and mini-jet fragmentation.

  2. Investigation on synthesis of Bi-based thin films on flat sputter-deposited Ag film by melting process

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Su Yanjing; Satoh, Yoshimasa; Arisawa, Shunichi; Awane, Toru; Fukuyo, Akihiro; Takano, Yoshihiko; Ishii, Akira; Hatano, Takeshi; Togano, Kazumasa

    2003-01-01

    We report on the fabrication of ribbon-like thin films on flat sputter-deposited Ag films whose surface smoothness remained within the order of tens of nm. It was found that the addition of Pb to the starting material improves the wettability of molten phase and facilitates the growth of Bi-2212 ribbon-like thin films on a flat Ag substrate, and that the increase of Ca and Cu in starting material suppresses the intergrowth of the Bi-2201 phase in ribbon-like thin films. By using (Bi,Pb)-2246 powders, with nominal composition of Bi 1.6 Pb 0.4 Sr 1.6 Ca 3.2 Cu 4.8 O y , as the starting material, the superconducting Bi-2212 ribbon-like thin films with an onset T c at 74 K on a very flat Ag substrate were successfully synthesized. Additionally, the growth mechanism of ribbon-like thin films on flat Ag substrate was investigated by in situ high temperature microscope observation

  3. Effect of Low-Melting Metals (Pb, Bi, Cd, In) on the Structure, Phase Composition, and Properties of Casting Al-5% Si-4% Cu Alloy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yakovleva, A. O.; Belov, N. A.; Bazlova, T. A.; Shkalei, I. V.

    2018-01-01

    The effect of low-melting metals (Pb, Bi, Cd, In) on the structure, phase composition, and properties of the Al-5% Si-4% Cu alloy was studied using calculations. Polythermal sections have been reported, which show that the considered systems are characterized by the presence of liquid regions and monotectic reactions. The effect of low-melting metals on the microstructure and hardening of base alloy in the cast and heat-treated states has been studied.

  4. Structural, Dielectric, and Electrical Properties of Bi1- x Pb x Fe1- x (Zr0.5Ti0.5) x O3

    Science.gov (United States)

    Panda, Niranjan; Pattanayak, Samita; Choudhary, R. N. P.

    2015-12-01

    Polycrystalline samples of Bi1- x Pb x Fe1- x (Zr0.5Ti0.5) x O3 (BPFZTO) with x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 were prepared by high-temperature solid-state reaction. Preliminary structural analysis of calcined powders of the materials by use of x-ray powder diffraction confirmed formation of single-phase systems with the tetragonal structure. Room-temperature scanning electron micrographs of the samples revealed uniform distribution of grains of low porosity and different dimensions on the surface of the samples. The frequency-temperature dependence of dielectric and electric properties was studied by use of dielectric and complex impedance spectroscopy over a wide range of frequency (1 kHz to 1 MHz) at different temperatures (25-500°C). The dielectric constant of BiFeO3 (BFO) was enhanced by substitution with Pb(Zr0.5Ti0.5)O3 (PZT) whereas the dielectric loss of the BPFZTO compounds decreased with increasing PZT content. A significant contribution of both grains and grain boundaries to the electrical response of the materials was observed. The frequency-dependence of the ac conductivity of BPFZTO followed Jonscher's power law. Negative temperature coefficient of resistance behavior was observed for all the BPFZTO samples. Conductivity by thermally excited charge carriers and oxygen vacancies in the materials was believed to be of the Arrhenius-type.

  5. Angle-resolved-photoemission study of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ: Metallicity of the Bi-O plane

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wells, B.O.; Shen, Z.; Dessau, D.S.; Spicer, W.E.; Olson, C.G.; Mitzi, D.B.; Kapitulnik, A.; List, R.S.; Arko, A.

    1990-01-01

    We have performed high-resolution angle-resolved-photoemission experiments on Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8+δ single crystals with different annealing histories. By depositing a small amount of Au on the surface, we were able to distinguish electronic states associated with the Bi-O surface layer. We found that the Bi-O atomic surface layer is metallic and superconducting for samples that were high-temperature annealed in oxygen but not for as-grown samples. The Cu-O plane is found to be superconducting in all samples

  6. Recyclable colorimetric sensor of Cr3 + and Pb2 + ions simultaneously using a zwitterionic amino acid modified gold nanoparticles

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sang, Fuming; Li, Xin; Zhang, Zhizhou; Liu, Jia; Chen, Guofu

    2018-03-01

    In this work, a rapid, simple and sensitive colorimetric sensor for simultaneous (or respective) detection of Cr3 + and Pb2 + using tyrosine functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPsTyr) has been developed. Tyrosine, a natural and zwitterionic amino acid, could be as a reducing and capping agent to synthesise AuNPs and allow for the simultaneous and selective detection of Cr3 + and Pb2 +. Upon the addition of Cr3 + or Pb2 + (a combination of them), the color of AuNPsTyr solution changes from red to blue grey and the characteristic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band is red-shifted to 580 nm due to the aggregation of AuNPs. Interestingly, the aggregated AuNPsTyr can be regnerated and recycled by removing Pb2 + and Cr3 +. Even after 3 rounds, AuNPsTyr show almost the same A580 nm / A520 nm value for the assays of Pb2 + and Cr3 +, indicating the good recyclability of the colorimetric sensor. The responding time (within 1 min) and sensitivity of the colorimetric sensor are largely improved after the addition of 0.1 M NaCl. Moreover, the AuNPsTyr aggregated by Cr3 + or Pb2 + (a combination of them) show excellent selectivity compared to other metal ions (Cr3 +, Pb2 +, Fe2 +,Cu2 +,Zn2 +,Cr6 +,Ni2 +,Co2 +,Hg2 +,Mn2 +,Mg2 +,Ca2 +,Cd2 +). More importantly, the developed sensor manifests good stability at room temperature for 3 months, which has been successfully used to determine Cr3 + and Pb2 + in the real water samples with a high sensitivity.

  7. Growth of Single- and Bilayer ZnO on Au(111) and Interaction with Copper

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Deng, Xingyi; Yao, Kun; Sun, Keju; Li, Wei-Xue; Lee, Junseok; Matranga, Christopher

    2013-05-02

    The stoichiometric single- and bi-layer ZnO(0001) have been prepared by reactive deposition of Zn on Au(111) and studied in detail with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, and density functional theory calculations. Both single- and bi-layer ZnO(0001) adopt a planar, graphite-like structure similar to freestanding ZnO(0001) due to the weak van der Waals interactions dominating their adhesion with the Au(111) substrate. At higher temperature, the single-layer ZnO(0001) converts gradually to bi-layer ZnO(0001) due to the twice stronger interaction between two ZnO layers than the interfacial adhesion of ZnO with Au substrate. It is found that Cu atoms on the surface of bi-layer ZnO(0001) are mobile with a diffusion barrier of 0.31 eV, and likely to agglomerate and form nanosized particles at low coverages; while Cu atoms tend to penetrate a single layer of ZnO(0001) with a barrier of 0.10 eV, resulting in a Cu free surface.

  8. Sensitive stripping voltammetric determination of Cd(II) and Pb(II) by a Bi/multi-walled carbon nanotube-emeraldine base polyaniline-Nafion composite modified glassy carbon electrode

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhao, Guo; Yin, Yuan; Wang, Hui; Liu, Gang; Wang, Zhiqiang

    2016-01-01

    Highlights: • A MWCNT-EBP-NA composite film modified GCE was fabricated and characterized. • The GCE modified with the MWCNT-EBP-NA composite film exhibited excellent performance in the analysis of Cd(II) and Pb(II) by SWASV. • The Cd(II) and Pb(II) detection limits of the developed electrode were approximately 0.06 μg/L and 0.08 μg/L, respectively. • Bi/MWCNT-EBP-NA/GCE was successfully used to determine metal ions in soil samples. - Abstract: In this study, a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-emeraldine base polyaniline (EBP)-Nafion (NA) composite modified glassy carbon electrode (MWCNT-EBP-NA/GCE) was prepared and used for the sensitive detection of trace Pb(II) and Cd(II), with a detection limit of 0.06 μg/L for Cd(II) and 0.08 μg/L for Pb(II) (S/N = 3), by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). A bismuth film was prepared through the in situ plating of bismuth on the MWCNT-EBP-NA/GCE. The morphologies and electrochemical properties of the modified electrode were characterized by SWASV, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The parameters affecting the stripping current response were investigated and optimized. The formed MWCNTs in the composite film enlarged the specific surface area of the electrode and significantly promoted electron transferring, and the formed polyaniline (PANI) enhanced the ion-exchange capacity and prevented the macromolecules in real samples from absorbing onto the surface of the electrode. The presence of NA effectively increased the stability and adhesion of the composite film, enhanced the cation-exchange capacity and improved the ability to preconcentrate metal ions. Under the optimized conditions, a linear range of 1.0 to 50.0 μg/L was achieved for both metal ions, with a detection limit of 0.06 μg/L for Cd(II) and 0.08 μg/L for Pb(II) (S/N = 3), offering good repeatability. Finally, the Bi/MWCNT-EBP-NA/GCE was used for the

  9. Photocatalytic properties of PbS/graphene oxide/polyaniline electrode for hydrogen generation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shaban, Mohamed; Rabia, Mohamed; El-Sayed, Asmaa M Abd; Ahmed, Aya; Sayed, Somaya

    2017-10-26

    In this work, roll-graphene oxide (Ro-GO), polyaniline (PANI) nano/microparticles, and PbS nanoparticles were prepared by modified Hammer, oxidative polymerization, and chemical bath deposition methods, respectively. These nano/microstructures were characterized, optimized, and designed to form PbS/Ro-GO/PANI nano/microcomposite. Also, the ratios of PbS and Ro-GO were optimized, and the optimized composition of the used composite was 0.4 g PANI, 0.125 g Ro-GO, and 0.075 g PbS. The band gap values for PANI, PbS, Ro-GO, and PbS/Ro-GO/PANI rocomposite were 3, 1.13, 2.86, (1.16, 2) eV, respectively. Two photoelectrode assemblies, Au/PbS/Ro-GO/PANI and PbS/Ro-GO/PANI/ITO/glass were used for the photoelectrochemical (PEC) hydrogen generation. In the first assembly 45 nm- Au layer was sputtered on the surface of a disk of PbS/Ro-GO/PANI composite. For the second assembly, a disk of PbS/Ro-GO/PANI composite was glued on ITO glass using Ag-THF paste. The lifetime efficiency values were 64.2 and 43.4% for the first and second electrode for 2 h, respectively. Finally, the incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) and photon-to-current efficiency (ABPE) were calculated under monochromatic illumination conditions. The optimum IPCE efficiency at 390 nm was 9.4% and 16.17%, whereas ABPE % efficiency was 1.01% and 1.75% for Au/PbS/Ro-GO/PANI and PbS/Ro-GO/PANI/ITO/glass, respectively.

  10. The colorimetric detection of Pb2+ by using sodium thiosulfate and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide modified gold nanoparticles.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Yujie; Leng, Yumin; Miao, Lijing; Xin, Junwei; Wu, Aiguo

    2013-04-21

    A simple, rapid colorimetric detection method for Pb(2+) in aqueous solution has been developed by using sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) modified gold nanoparticles (Au NPs). Na2S2O3 was added into the Au NP solution and thiosulfate ions (S2O3(2-)) were adsorbed on the surface of the Au NPs due to electrostatic interactions. Au atoms on the surface of the Au NPs were then oxidized to Au(i) by the O2 that existed in the solution in presence of thiosulfate. The addition of Pb(2+) (the final concentration was lower than 10 μM), accelerated the leaching of the Au NPs, and Pb-Au alloys also formed on the surface of the Au NPs. There was an obvious decrease in the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption of the Au NPs. The lowest concentration for Pb(2+) that could be detected by the naked eye was 0.1 μM and using UV-vis spectroscopy was 40 nM. This is lower than the lead toxic level defined by the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), which is 75 nM. In this method, CTAB, as a stabilizing agent for Au NPs, can accelerate the adsorption of S2O3(2-) on the surface of the Au NPs, which shortened the detection time to within 30 min. Moreover, this detection method is simple, cheap and environmentally friendly.

  11. Determination of ionic conductivity in the Bi-Si-O and Pb-Si-O glasses

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Karczewski J.

    2018-03-01

    Full Text Available Impedance spectroscopy measurements in various gas atmospheres were carried out in order to explain the doubts about the type of carriers and the mechanism of electrical conductivity in Bi-Si-O and Pb-Si-O glasses. In bismuth silicate glass, a typical ionic conductivity with oxygen ions as charge carriers was observed. The level of electrical conductivity of the glass at 400 °C was 5 × 10-8 S·cm-1, with the activation energy of 1.3 eV and was independent of measuring atmosphere. In the case of lead silicate glasses, the conductivity changed with measuring atmosphere. Two types of charge carriers: oxygen ions and proton ions were postulated. Proton conductivity measured in wet argon at temperature 400 °C was estimated at the level of 4 × 10-8 S·cm-1 while the oxygen ions conductivity in such conditions was 78 × 10-8 S·cm-1. We suggest that both types of charge carriers are transported along the same conduction paths using oxygen defects in the glass structure.

  12. Diffusion coefficients for Tl, Pb, Cd, In, Zn, Bi, As, Mo and Sb in hydrous rhyolite at 100-200 MPa

    Science.gov (United States)

    Berlo, Kim; Brooker, Richard; Wilke, Max

    2014-05-01

    A series of experiments have been conducted to determine the diffusivities of Tl, Pb, Cd, In, Zn, Bi, As, Mo and Sb in hydrous rhyolitic melt. Diffusion experiments used two adjoining glass cylinder of the same hydrous composition, one doped with the elements of interest at ~ 100 ppm. These couples were rapidly heated to 850, 1000 and 1150°C at 100-200 MPa for a few hours. After quenching the sectioned charges were analyzed by both synchrotron XRF (The Diamond Light Source) and LA-ICP-MS (University of Oxford). The data shows excellent correlation between these two techniques. The diffusion profiles were fitted to a 1-D diffusion couple equation to determine the diffusivities and fitting to the different temperature runs defined the Arrhenius parameters. We find that for 850°C the diffusion coefficients follow the trend Tl>Pb>Cd>Zn>In>Bi>As>Sb>Mo. Additional experiments were performed with either S or Cl added (to both sides of the diffusion couple). In general S increases the diffusion rate of all metals except Mo and Sb, which diffuse slower in the presence of S. Chlorine also speeds up the diffusion of metals with the exception of In, Mo and Sb. The systematic change in diffusivities of these metals and their different behaviour in the presence of the ligands that are also observed to be significant in volcanic gases, are important in determining the distribution of these metals during degassing (e.g. MacKenzie and Canil, 2008). This is particularly important in a dynamic environment such as a volcanic conduit. There are also implications for economic exploration and well as hazard mitigation.

  13. A new indicator mineral methodology based on a generic Bi-Pb-Te-S mineral inclusion signature in detrital gold from porphyry and low/intermediate sulfidation epithermal environments in Yukon Territory, Canada

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chapman, R. J.; Allan, M. M.; Mortensen, J. K.; Wrighton, T. M.; Grimshaw, M. R.

    2017-12-01

    Porphyry-epithermal and orogenic gold are two of the most important styles of gold-bearing mineralization within orogenic belts. Populations of detrital gold resulting from bulk erosion of such regions may exhibit a compositional continuum wherein Ag, Cu, and Hg in the gold alloy may vary across the full range exhibited by natural gold. This paper describes a new methodology whereby orogenic and porphyry-epithermal gold may be distinguished according to the mineralogy of microscopic inclusions observed within detrital gold particles. A total of 1459 gold grains from hypogene, eluvial, and placer environments around calc-alkaline porphyry deposits in Yukon (Nucleus-Revenue, Casino, Sonora Gulch, and Cyprus-Klaza) have been characterized in terms of their alloy compositions (Au, Ag, Cu, and Hg) and their inclusion mineralogy. Despite differences in the evolution of the different magmatic hydrothermal systems, the gold exhibits a clear Bi-Pb-Te-S mineralogy in the inclusion suite, a signature which is either extremely weak or (most commonly) absent in both Yukon orogenic gold and gold from orogenic settings worldwide. Generic systematic compositional changes in ore mineralogy previously identified across the porphyry-epithermal transition have been identified in the corresponding inclusion suites observed in samples from Yukon. However, the Bi-Te association repeatedly observed in gold from the porphyry mineralization persists into the epithermal environment. Ranges of P-T-X conditions are replicated in the geological environments which define generic styles of mineralization. These parameters influence both gold alloy composition and ore mineralogy, of which inclusion suites are a manifestation. Consequently, we propose that this methodology approach can underpin a widely applicable indicator methodology based on detrital gold.

  14. Cold texturing of prereacted high-Tc phase Bi(Pb)SrCaCuO under triaxial stresses

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Langlois, P.; Massat, H.; Suryanarayanan, R.

    1994-01-01

    The alignment of grains in isostatically precompacted samples of prereacted Bi 1.8 Pb 0.4 Sr 2.0 Ca 2.2 Cu 3.0 O 10.3+x powder has been achieved by compressive plastic deformation under isostatic pressure at room temperature. Isostatic pressures were in the range 0.1 to 1. GPa and deformation rates were led up to 57%. Prior to sintering, X-ray diffraction measurements corroborate an expected high-Tc phase purity of nearly 85% and indicate that the as-deformed samples have been textured with the c-axes parallel to the pressing direction whilst a.c. susceptibility measurements ascertain a high transition temperature around 107 K. Intergranular connection does not occur until sintering at 850 C for 80 h and measurements indicate then that the texture has been retained. Superconducting properties themselves show sensitivity to texture through anisotropy-related distinctive irreversibility lines. (orig.)

  15. Analysis of 210Pb and 210Po in Brazilian foods and diets

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cunha, I.L.; Bueno, L.; Favaro, D.I.T.; Maihara, V.A.; Cozzollino, S.

    2001-01-01

    Radiochemical procedures for the analysis of 210 Pb and 210 Po in foods and diets are presented. Because of the low beta energy of 210 Pb, its analysis was based on a separation of the daughter radionuclide 210 Bi by precipitation of lead sulphate, 210 Bi ingrowing and beta counting of this nuclide. 210 Po analysis was based on wet dissolution of the sample, deposition onto silver disc and counting by alpha-spectrometry. Levels of these radionuclides in individual items and diets of selected university students were determined in order to evaluate the intakes of 210 Pb and 210 Po as well as the dose due to ingestion of foods and diets in Sao Paulo city. (author)

  16. Effect of Sintering Time and Diameter on Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Superconducting Wire Formation with TiO2 Dopant by Silver (Ag Tube

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cindy Al Kindi

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available Pengaruh waktu sintering dan diameter terhadap pembentukan kawat superkonduktor Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O dengan dopan TiO2 menggunakan tabung perak (Ag menjadi penting untuk dibahas karena hal ini berpengaruh terhadap adanya suhu kritis yang merupakan syarat penting superkonduktor. Pada penelitian ini ada beberapa tahap yang dilakukan yaitu preparasi bahan, proses permesinan, penarikan kawat dan proses perlakuan panas. Serbuk BPSCCO dengan dopan TiO2 dimasukkan ke dalam tabung perak (Ag dan dikalsinasi pada temperatur 820oC selama 20 jam, lalu proses penarikan (Rolling sampai diameter 6 mm dan 2,6 mm serta sintering dilakukan pada temperatur 850oC selama 9 jam dan 30 jam untuk masing-masing ukuran diameter dengan dua kali proses sintering. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kawat superkonduktor memiliki suhu kritis yaitu Tc onset = 99 K dan Tc zero = 70 K. Waktu yang sangat berpengaruh pada pembentukan fasa superkonduktor yaitu sintering selama 9 jam sedangkan untuk ukuran diameter kawat yang memiliki suhu kritis yaitu 6 mm, sedangkan waktu sintering selama 30 jam dapat merubah fasa BPSCCO sehingga tidak terbentuk superkonduktor melainkan konduktor dan semikonduktor. Pada diameter 2,6 mm belum menjadi ukuran yang tepat pada pembentukan kawat superkonduktor.   The influence of sintering time and diameter on the formation of Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconducting wire with doped TiO2 by silver (Ag tube becomes important to be discussed because of the presence of critical temperature which is an essential condition in superconductors. In this research there are several steps must be done that is: material preparation, machine process, wire drawing and heat process. BPSCCO powder with dopant TiO2 filled into silver (Ag tube with calcination temperature at 820oC for 20 h, then rolling process to diameter 6 mm and 2,6 mm with sintering temperature at 850oC for 9 h and 30 h for each size of diameter by twice sintering process. The results showed that

  17. Bismuth zinc vanadate, BiZn2VO6: New crystal structure type and electronic structure

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Eliziario Nunes, Sayonara; Wang, Chun-Hai; So, Karwei; Evans, John S.O.; Evans, Ivana Radosavljević

    2015-01-01

    We report a combined experimental and computational study of the crystal structure and electronic properties of bismuth zinc vanadate, BiZn 2 VO 6 , known for its visible light photocatalytic activity. The crystal structure has been solved from laboratory powder X-ray diffraction data using the repeated minimisations from random starting values method. BiZn 2 VO 6 adopts a new structure type, based on the following building blocks: corner- and edge-sharing ZnO 4 tetrahedra, ZnO 6 octahedra and VO 4 tetrahedra, and Bi 2 O 12 dimers. It is the only known member of the BiM 2 AO 6 (M=Pb, Ca, Cd, Mn, Zn, Mg, Cu; A=V, P, As) family which does not appear to be structurally closely related to others. The electronic structure of BiZn 2 VO 6 , calculated by DFT methods, shows that it is an indirect gap semiconductor with a calculated band gap of 1.6 eV, which compares favourably to the experimentally measured value of 2.4 eV. - Graphical abstract: The crystal structure of BiZn 2 VO 6 , a new structure type in the BiM 2 AO 6 (M=Mg, Ca, Cd, Cu, Pb, Mn, Zn; A=V, P, As) family. - Highlights: • Structure solution from PXRD data by repeated minimisations from random starting values. • New structure type in the BiM 2 AO 6 (M=Pb, Ca, Cd, Mn, Zn, Mg, Cu; A=V, P, As) family. • Electronic structure calculation

  18. Specific composition of native silver from the Rogovik Au-Ag deposit, Northeastern Russia

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kravtsova, R. G.; Tauson, V. L.; Palyanova, G. A.; Makshakov, A. S.; Pavlova, L. A.

    2017-09-01

    The first data on native silver from the Rogovik Au-Ag deposit in northeastern Russia are presented. The deposit is situated in central part of the Okhotsk-Chukchi Volcanic Belt (OCVB) in the territory of the Omsukchan Trough, unique in its silver resources. Native silver in the studied ore makes up finely dispersed inclusions no larger than 50 μm in size, which are hosted in quartz; fills microfractures and interstices in association with küstelite, electrum, acanthite, silver sulfosalts and selenides, argyrodite, and pyrite. It has been shown that the chemical composition of native silver, along with its typomorphic features, is a stable indication of the various stages of deposit formation and types of mineralization: gold-silver (Au-Ag), silver-base metal (Ag-Pb), and gold-silver-base metal (Au-Ag-Pb). The specificity of native silver is expressed in the amount of trace elements and their concentrations. In Au-Ag ore, the following trace elements have been established in native silver (wt %): up to 2.72 S, up to 1.86 Au, up to 1.70 Hg, up to 1.75 Sb, and up to 1.01 Se. Native silver in Ag-Pb ore is characterized by the absence of Au, high Hg concentrations (up to 12.62 wt %), and an increase in Sb, Se, and S contents; the appearance of Te, Cu, Zn, and Fe is notable. All previously established trace elements—Hg, Au, Sb, Se, Te, Cu, Zn, Fe, and S—are contained in native silver of Au-Ag-Pb ore. In addition, Pb appears, and silver and gold amalgams are widespread, as well as up to 24.61 wt % Hg and 11.02 wt % Au. Comparison of trace element concentrations in native silver at the Rogovik deposit with the literature data, based on their solubility in solid silver, shows that the content of chalcogenides (S, Se, Te) exceeds saturated concentrations. Possible mechanisms by which elevated concentrations of these elements are achieved in native silver are discussed. It is suggested that the appearance of silver amalgams, which is unusual for Au-Ag mineralization

  19. Effects of Bi doping on dielectric and ferroelectric properties

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    [Pb0.95(La1−Bi)0.05][Zr0.53Ti0.47]O3 (PLBZT) ferroelectric thin films have been synthesized on indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass by sol–gel processing. PLBZT thin films were annealed at a relatively low temperature of 550 °C in oxygen ambient. Effects of Bi doping on structure, dielectric and ferroelectric properties of ...

  20. Sensitive Pb(2+) probe based on the fluorescence quenching by graphene oxide and enhancement of the leaching of gold nanoparticles.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shi, Xinhao; Gu, Wei; Peng, Weidong; Li, Bingyu; Chen, Ningning; Zhao, Kai; Xian, Yuezhong

    2014-02-26

    A novel strategy was developed for fluorescent detection of Pb(2+) in aqueous solution based on the fact that graphene oxide (GO) could quench the fluorescence of amino pyrene (AP)-grafted gold nanoparticles (AP-AuNPs) and Pb(2+) could accelerate the leaching rate of AuNPs in the presence of S2O3(2-). In this system, fluorescence reporter AP was grafted on AuNPs through the Au-N bond. In the presence of GO, the system shows fluorescence quenching because of π-π stacking between AP and GO. With the addition of Pb(2+) and S2O3(2-), the system displays fluorescence recovery, which is attributed to the fact that Pb(2+) could accelerate the leaching of the AuNPs from GO surfaces and release of AP into aqueous solution. Interestingly, the concentration of GO could control the fluorescence "turn-off" or "turn-on" for Pb(2+) detection. In addition, GO is also an excellent promoter for the acceleration of the leaching of AuNPs and shortening the analytical time to ∼15 min. Under the optimal conditions, the fluorescence Pb(2+) sensor shows a linear range from 2.0 × 10(-9) to 2.3 × 10(-7) mol/L, with a detection limit of 1.0 × 10(-10) mol/L.

  1. Microstructural development of superconducting phases in Pb-BSCCO system derived from sol-gel technique

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Qureshi, A.H.; Hussain, N.; Durrani, S.K.; Waqas, H.; Arshad, M.

    2010-01-01

    Sol-gel processing technique has been utilized to produce the gel of Pb-BSCCO system (Bi/sub 2/-xPbxSr/sub 2/Ca/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 10/+-y, where x 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8, are the mole fraction of Pb substituted against Bi). The gel samples were subsequently heated to 800 deg. C for 2 h to obtain the powders which were then pressed and sintered at 845 deg. C for 60 h. The morphologies in the Pb-BSCCO gel, powder and sintered products were observed with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical microscope. The plate-like growths of the superconducting phases are evident from the SEM micrographs. The optical micrographs of sintered samples showed that the samples containing 0.2 and 0.8 mole fraction of Pb mainly consisted of dark grey and white regions, while sample having 0.4 mole fraction of Pb comprised of dark grey, light grey, and white regions. The different regions were analyzed by using energy dispersive X-rays (EDX) analyzer attached with SEM. The results revealed that the dark grey regions in all the samples represented the Bi/sub 2/Sr/sub 2/CaCu/sub 2/O/sub 8/ +- y (2212) phase whereas, light grey regions in sample (x = 0.4) constituted the Bi/sub 2/Sr/sub 2/Ca/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 10/ +- y (2223) phase. The white regions in all samples depicted the presence of CuO. The best result in term of larger fraction of superconducting phase (2223) has been observed in sample containing 0.4 mole fraction of Pb. (author)

  2. Phase chemistry and microstructure evolution in silver-clad (Bi2-xPbx)Sr2Ca2Cu3Oy filaments

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Luo, J.S.; Merchant, N.; Maroni, V.A.; Escorcia-Aparicio, E.; Gruen, D.M.; Tani, B.S.; Riley, G.N. Jr.; Carter, W.L.

    1992-08-01

    The reaction kinetics and mechanism that control the conversion of (Bi,Pb) 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O z (Bi-2212) + alkaline earth cuporates to (Bi, Pb) 2 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O y (Bi-2223) in silver-clad wires were investigated as a function of equilibration temperature and time at a fixed oxygen partial pressure (7.5% O 2 ). Measured values for the fractional conversion of Bi-2223 versus time have been evaluated based on the Avrami equation. SEM and TEM studies of partially and fully converted wires have revealed that (1) the growth of Bi-2223 is two-dimensional and controlled by a diffusion process, (2) liquid phases are present during part of the Bi-2212 -> Bi-2212 conversion, and (3) segregation of the second phases occurs in early time domains of the reaction

  3. Preequilibrium measurement in the Pb + Au reaction at 29 A.MeV

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Aboufirassi, M.; Badala, A.; Bougault, R.; Brou, R.; Colin, J.; Durand, D.; Genoux-Lubain, A.; Horn, D.; Laville, J.L.; Le Brun, C.; Lecolley, J.F.; Lefebvres, F.; Lopez, O.; Louvel, M.; Mahi, M.; Paulot, C.; Steckmeyer, J.C.; Tamain, B.

    1998-01-01

    The products (nuclear fragments and light particles) emitted in the reaction Pb + Au at 29 A.MeV were detected with the NAUTILUS multidetector. All the exit channels of 2,3,4,5,.. etc fragments are compatible with a deep inelastic process in the entrance channel. In this work the 'evaporation residue' was investigated and a study on the preequilibrium particles emitted after the initial interaction phases was carried out. The method of measuring the preequilibrium particle multiplicity is based on the high velocities which these particles are able to acquire (Fermi jets) in comparison with the evaporated particles. We have selected by TKE (Total Kinetic Energy) cutting the light particles having a large relative velocity either in relation to quasi-projectile fragment or in relation to the quasi-target fragment. This method has the advantage of being independent of the chosen reference frame or of the chosen TKE cutting. Since in this experiment the neutrons have not been detected, we have normalized the counting to a value obtained for the same system with a neutron detected at TKE = 3.7 MeV/A with the N/Z correction in the entrance channel applied. The results show a good agreement with the Landau-Vlasov dynamical calculations

  4. Determination of the mean aerosol residence times in the atmosphere and additional 210Po input on the base of simultaneous determination of 7Be, 22Na, 210Pb, 210Bi and 210Po in urban air

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Magdalena Dlugosz-Lisiecka; Henryk Bem

    2012-01-01

    The significant differences in the activities of 210 Pb, 210 Bi, 210 Po and cosmogenic 7 Be and 22 Na radionuclides in the urban aerosol samples collected in the summers 2010 and 2011 in the Lodz city of Poland were observed. Simultaneous measurement of these radionuclides, after a simple modification of the one compartment model, allows us to calculate both: the corrected aerosol residence times in the troposphere (1 / 25 days) and in the lower stratosphere (103 / 205 days). The relative input of the additional sources (beside of the 222 Rn decay in the air) to the total activity concentrations of 210 Pb, 210 Bi and 210 Po radionuclides in the urban air, plays a substantial role (up to 97% of the total activity) only in the case of 210 Po. (author)

  5. A reagentless electrochemiluminescent immunosensor for apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 detection based on the new Ru(bpy){sub 3}{sup 2+}/bi-arginine system

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Zhao, Min; Chai, Xi Deng Ya-Qin; Han, Jing; Gui, Guo-Feng; Yuan, Ruo, E-mail: yuanruo@swu.edu.cn; Zhuo, Ying, E-mail: yingzhuo@swu.edu.cn

    2014-10-10

    Highlights: • A reagentless ECL biosensor based on the new Ru(bpy){sub 3}{sup 2+}/bi-arginine system. • The successful preparation of bi-Arg/Au@Fe3O4–rGO as enhancer. • Using the APE-1 as target by the sandwich-type immunoassay format. - Abstract: Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE-1), a kind of multifunctional protein widely-distributed in the body, plays an essential role in the DNA base excision repair and serves as multiple possible roles in the response of human cancer to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In this work, an ultrasensitive solid-state electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor is designed to determine APE-1 based on the new Ru(bpy){sub 3}{sup 2+}/bi-arginine system. The bi-arginine (bi-Arg) is decorated on the Au nanoparticles functionalized magnetic Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}/reduced graphene oxide (bi-Arg/Au@Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}–rGO) according to the self-assembling and covalent cross-linking interaction to obtain the functionalized nanocomposite of bi-Arg/Au@Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}–rGO. Herein, the bi-Arg/Au@Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}–rGO plays not only an amplification label to enhance the ECL signal of Ru(bpy){sub 3}{sup 2+} due to the coreactant of bi-Arg but also an ideal nanocarrier to load numerous secondary antibody. Based on sandwich-type immunoassay format, this proposed method offers a linear range of 1.0 fg mL{sup −1}–5.0 pg mL{sup −1} and an estimated detection limit of 0.3 fg mL{sup −1} for the APE-1. Moreover, the reagentless ECL immunosensor also exhibits high sensitivity, excellent selectivity and good stability, which has greatly potential development and application in clinical diagnostics, immunology and biomedical research.

  6. CHEMICAL DETERMINATION OF HEAVY METALS IN PB AND ZN CONCENTRATES OF TREPÇA (KOSOVO AND CORRELATIONS COEFFI CIENTS STUDY BETWEEN CHEMICAL DATA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fatbardh Gashi

    2017-03-01

    Full Text Available Kosovo ore deposits are located in the Trepça belt which extends for over 80 km. The concentrate produced by the flotation process of the Trepça metallurgical corporation contains a considerable quantity of valuable metals, such as Pb, Zn, Fe and minor accompanying metals such as Cd, Cu, As, Sb, Bi, Ag, Au, etc. The subject of this work was to assess the concentration of major and minor metals in lead and zinc concentrates of Trepça and to study the correlation coefficients between metals. Chemical determination of concentrates was performed by using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS. In the content on lead concentrate samples, the following were found: Pb>Fe>Zn> Ag> As>Sb>Cd. In the content of zinc concentrate, the following were found: Zn>Fe>Pb>Ag>As>Cd. The program “Statistica ver. 6.0” has been used for calculations of basic statistical parameters, relationships between data and cluster analysis of R-mode. R-mode cluster analysis on lead concentrate samples showed that Pb has the closest linkages with Fe and they form one branch of the dendogram. On the zinc concentrate samples, Zn has the closest linkages with Fe and they form one branch of the dendogram.

  7. Evidence of weak pair coupling in the penetration depth of bi-based high-Tc superconductors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Thompson, J.R.; Sun, Yang Ren; Ossandon, J.G.; Christen, D.K.; Chakoumakos, B.C.; Sales, B.C.; Kerchner, H.R.; Sonder, E.

    1990-01-01

    The magnetic penetration depth λ(T) has been investigated in Bi(Pb)SrCaCuO high-T c compounds having 2- and 3-layers of copper-oxygen per unit cell. Studies of the magnetization in the vortex state were employed and the results were compared with weak and strong coupling calculations. The temperature dependence of λ is described well by BCS theory in the clean limit, giving evidence for weak pair coupling in this family of materials. For the short component of the λ tensor, we obtain values of 292 and 220 nm (T = 0) for Bi-2212 and (BiPb)-2223, respectively

  8. The charge-distribution differences of 209Bi, 208207206204Pb and 205203Tl investigated by elastic electron scattering and muonic X-ray data

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Euteneuer, H.; Friedrich, J.; Voegler, N.

    1978-01-01

    Elastic electron scattering cross sections and cross-section ratios have been measured for the stable Bi, Pb and Ti isotopes. The data are analysed with the Fourier-Bessel method and the charge-distribution differences of the isotonic and isotopic pairs are presented as well as the Fourier-Bessel coefficients of the seven single nuclei. To improve the accuracy of the results, muonic X-ray data are incorporated into the analysis. The measured Δrho(r) are compared with the simple shell model, where the stretching due to the additional nucleons is taken into account, and with more sophisticated HF calculations. (Auth.)

  9. Origin and tectonic implications of the Zhaxikang Pb-Zn-Sb-Ag deposit in northern Himalaya: evidence from structures, Re-Os-Pb-S isotopes, and fluid inclusions

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhou, Qing; Li, Wenchang; Qing, Chengshi; Lai, Yang; Li, Yingxu; Liao, Zhenwen; Wu, Jianyang; Wang, Shengwei; Dong, Lei; Tian, Enyuan

    2018-04-01

    The Zhaxikang Pb-Zn-Sb-Ag-(Au) deposits, located in the eastern part of northern Himalaya, totally contain more than 1.146 million tonnes (Mt) of Pb, 1.407 Mt of Zn, 0.345 Mt of Sb, and 3 kilotonnes (kt) of Ag. Our field observations suggest that these deposits are controlled by N-S trending and west- and steep-dipping normal faults, suggesting a hydrothermal rather than a syngenetic sedimentary origin. The Pb-Zn-Sb-Ag-(Cu-Au) mineralization formed in the Eocene as indicated by a Re-Os isochron age of 43.1 ± 2.5 Ma. Sulfide minerals have varying initial Pb isotopic compositions, with (206Pb/204Pb)i of 19.04-19.68, (207Pb/204Pb)i of 15.75-15.88, and (208Pb/204Pb)i of 39.66-40.31. Sulfur isotopic values display a narrow δ34S interval of +7.8-+12.2‰. These Pb-S isotopic data suggest that the Zhaxikang sources of Pb and S should be mainly from the coeval felsic magmas and partly from the surrounding Mesozoic strata including metasedimentary rocks and layered felsic volcanic rocks. Fluid inclusion studies indicate that the hydrothermal fluids have medium temperatures (200-336 °C) but varying salinities (1.40-18.25 wt.% NaCl equiv.) with densities of 0.75-0.95 g/cm3, possibly suggesting an evolution mixing between a high salinity fluid, perhaps of magmatic origin, with meteoric water.

  10. e+e--pair production in Pb-Au collisions at 158 GeV per nucleon

    CERN Document Server

    Agakichiev, G.; Bielcikova, J.; Baur, R.; Braun-Munzinger, P.; Cherlin, A.; Damjanovic, S.; Drees, A.; Esumi, S.; Faschingbauer, U.; Fraenkel, Z.; Fuchs, Ch.; Gatti, E.; Glassel, P.; Hering, G.; de los Heros, C.P.; Holl, P.; Jung, Ch.; Lenkeit, B.; Marin, A.; Messer, F.; Messer, M.; Miskowiec, D.; Nix, O.; Panebrattsev, Yu.; Pfeiffer, A.; Rak, J.; Ravinovich, I.; Razin, S.; Rehak, P.; Richter, M.; Sampietro, M.; Sako, H.; Saveljic, N.; Schmitz, W.; Schukraft, J.; Seipp, W.; Shimanskiy, S.; Socol, E.; Specht, H.J.; Stachel, J.; Tel-Zur, G.; Tserruya, Itzhak; Ullrich, T.; Voigt, C.; Voloshin, S.; Weber, C.; Wessels, J.P.; Wienold, T.; Wurm, J.P.; Yurevich, V.; Fuchs, Ch.; Jung, Ch.; Panebrattsev, Yu.

    2005-01-01

    We present the combined results on electron-pair production in 158 GeV/n {Pb-Au} ($\\sqrt{s}$= 17.2 GeV) collisions taken at the CERN SPS in 1995 and 1996, and give a detailed account of the data analysis. The enhancement over the reference of neutral meson decays amounts to a factor of 2.31$\\pm0.19 (stat.)\\pm0.55 (syst.)\\pm0.69 (decays)$ for semi-central collisions (28% $\\sigma/\\sigma_{geo}$) when yields are integrated over $m>$ 200 MeV/$c^2$ in invariant mass. The measured yield, its stronger-than-linear scaling with $N_{ch}$, and the dominance of low pair $p_t$ strongly suggest an interpretation as {\\it thermal radiation} from pion annihilation in the hadronic fireball. The shape of the excess centring at $m\\approx$ 500 MeV/$c^2$, however, cannot be described without strong medium modifications of the $\\rho$ meson. The results are put into perspective by comparison to predictions from Brown-Rho scaling governed by chiral symmetry restoration, and from the spectral-function many-body treatment in which the a...

  11. Phases and structural characteristics of high Tc superconducting oxide in (Bi, Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chen, Zuyano; Li, Zhengrong; Qian, Yitai; Zhou, Quien; Cheng, Tingzhu

    1989-01-01

    The various phases, which are responsible for variant maximum d-value including 18.5 angstrom, 15.4 angstrom, 12.2 angstrom, 6.2 angstrom, 3.2 angstrom and possible 9.1 angstrom respectively, observed in high Tc superconducting complex oxide of (Bi,Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system are reported in this paper according to the result of X-ray diffraction on platelike crystals or crystallites synthesized under different preparation conditions. The phase of tetragonal system with c=3.21 angstrom, a=3.86 angstrom is possible parent structural unit and it is of great significance to the structure constitution of various phases with large lattice parameter c and structural characteristics of superconducting oxide. In view of the above a model of two-dimension stack-up which causes a stack in variant styles along c-axis and constitute various phases with different lattice parameter c is proposed and discussed

  12. Metal Halide Perovskite Supercrystals: Gold-Bromide Complex Triggered Assembly of CsPbBr3 Nanocubes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Kun-Hua; Yang, Jun-Nan; Ni, Qian-Kun; Yao, Hong-Bin; Yu, Shu-Hong

    2018-01-16

    Using nanocrystals as "artificial atoms" to construct supercrystals is an interesting process to explore the stacking style of nanoscale building blocks and corresponding collective properties. Various types of semiconducting supercrystals have been constructed via the assembly of nanocrystals driven by the entropic, electrostatic, or van der Waals interactions. We report a new type of metal halide perovskite supercrystals via the gold-bromide complex triggered assembly of newly emerged attractive CsPbBr 3 nanocubes. Through introducing gold-bromide (Au-Br) complexes into CsPbBr 3 nanocubes suspension, the self-assembly process of CsPbBr 3 nanocubes to form supercrystals was investigated with the different amount of Au-Br complexes added to the suspensions, which indicates that the driven force of the formation of CsPbBr 3 supercrystals included the van der Waals interactions among carbon chains and electrostatic interactions between Au-Br complexes and surfactants. Accordingly, the optical properties change with the assembly of CsPbBr 3 nanocubes and the variation of mesoscale structures of supercrystals with heating treatment was revealed as well, demonstrating the ionic characteristics of CsPbBr 3 nanocrystals. The fabricated CsPbBr 3 supercrystal presents a novel type of semiconducting supercrystals that will open an avenue for the assembly of ionic nanocrystals.

  13. Texturing of superconducting Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O ceramics by combining the effect of a magnetic field and hot pressing in one direction; Texturation des ceramiques supraconductrices Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O par combinaison des effets du champ magnetique et de la contrainte uniaxiale a haute temperature

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Noudem, J G

    1995-10-27

    Superconducting Bi-(Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O (Bi:2223) ceramics have a weak 77 K transport critical current density (Jc) due to porosity and the presence of misaligned platelets. In order to obtain higher critical current densities in these materials, it is necessary to increase their density and induce a preferential crystallographic orientation. We have developed a texturing process using solidification in a magnetic field combined with hot pressing. The experimental set-up provides a uniaxial pressure of 60 MPa and temperature up to 1100 deg C in a magnetic field of 8 T. Magnetic melt texturing (MMT) proved to be very effective in producing bulk oriented samples of polycrystalline Bi:2223 (crystallite c-axis oriented parallel to the field direction). These samples have Jc values of up to 1450 A/cm{sup 2} and a density of 5.1 g/cm{sup 3}. The texturing by hot pressing (HP) gives homogeneous, dense ({approx} 6 g/cm{sup 3}; 95 % of the theoretical limit) ceramics with a Jc of 2500 A/cm{sup 2}. Tapes of Ag/Bi:2223 provided by Alcatel Alsthom were also successful textured using HP. Finally we have demonstrated that the combination of solidification in a magnetic field with hot pressing (MMHPT) improves both the texture and density of the samples. Moreover the samples are very homogeneous and mechanically resistant. The 77 K transport critical current densities have values up to 3800 A/cm{sup 2} and 1100 A/cm{sup 2} along the (ab) and c-axis respectively. We have demonstrated that these samples are of potential use a current limiters. (author) 146 refs.

  14. Photovoltaic applications of Cu(Sb,Bi)SM (M = Ag, Pb, Pt)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tablero, C.

    2017-04-01

    Ternary Cu-(Sb,Bi)-S compounds are great absorbents of the solar radiation with a variety of applications including optoelectronic and photovoltaic applications. The analyses of several quaternary semiconductors derived from Cu-(Sb,Bi)-S materials is carried out using first-principles density-functional theory with orbital-dependent one-electron potentials. These analyses focus on the optoelectronic properties and the potential for solar cells. The optical properties are obtained from first-principles calculations, and split into inter- and intra-shell-species contributions in order to quantify the optical transitions responsible for the absorption. The absorption coefficients are then used as criteria to evaluate the efficiencies of these materials under several sunlight concentrations. The results indicate high energy photovoltaic conversion efficiency because of the large intra shell s-p absorption of the S and Sb or Bi atomic species.

  15. Pb-free Radiation Shielding Glass Using Coal Fly Ash

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Watcharin Rachniyom

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available In this work, Pb-free shielding glass samples were prepared by the melt quenching technique using subbituminous fly ash (SFA composed of xBi2O3 : (60-xB2O3 : 10Na2O : 30SFA (where x = 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 by wt%. The samples were investigated for their physical and radiation shielding properties. The density and hardness were measured. The results showed that the density increased with the increase of Bi2O3 content. The highest value of hardness was observed for glass sample with 30 wt% of Bi2O3 concentration. The samples were investigated under 662 keV gamma ray and the results were compared with theoretical calculations. The values of the mass attenuation coefficient (μm, the atomic cross section (σe and the effective atomic number (Zeff were found to increase with an increase of the Bi2O3 concentration and were in good agreement with the theoretical calculations. The best results for the half-value layer (HVL were observed in the sample with 35 wt% of Bi2O3 concentration, better than the values of barite concrete. These results demonstrate the viability of using coal fly ash waste for radiation shielding glass without PbO in the glass matrices.

  16. Oxidation and reduction kinetics of eutectic SnPb, InSn, and AuSn: a knowledge base for fluxless solder bonding applications

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Kuhmann, Jochen Friedrich; Preuss, A.; Adolphi, B.

    1998-01-01

    : (1) SnPb; (2) InSn; (3) AuSn. The studies of the oxidation kinetics show that the growth of the native oxide, which covers the solder surfaces from the start of all soldering operations is self-limiting. The rate of oxidation on the molten, metallic solder surfaces is significantly reduced...... and reduction kinetics, are applied to flip-chip (FC) bonding experiments in vacuum with and without the injection of H2. Wetting in vacuum is excellent but the self-alignment during flip-chip soldering is restricted. The desired, perfectly self-aligned FC-bonds have been only achieved, using evaporated...

  17. Preparation of Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O high Tc thick films on Ag or MgO substrate with superconductor paste; Bi kei ko Tc chodendo paste ni yoru Ag, MgO kibanjo eno atsumaku sakusei

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Takabatake, N. [Ishikawa Technical High School, Ishikawa (Japan); Tsubota, T.; Ishikawa, T.; Ohashi, K. [Kanazawa Institute of Technology, Ishikawa (Japan)

    1995-07-15

    The following were reported on making Bi series superconducting thick films by a wet method. A paste was made by adding PSO (or ethanol solution of ethylenegrycol) of Yushiro Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. as a binder to a Bi series 2223 single-phase powder sample (blending composition Bi:Pb:Sr:Ca:Cu=1.8:0.4:2:2:3.2); the sample was then coated on an Ag (or MgO) substrate with a brush; after being dried at 105{degree}C for one hour, it was thermally decomposed at 700{degree}C for one hour; then, the process of prissurized forming (at pressure 2 to 5 ton f/cm{sup 2}) and of sintering at 845{degree}C for 20 hours or more were performed on the sample to form a thick film sample. A critical temperature Tc, critical current density Jc, etc., were measured on such thick film sample. As a result, nearly same values were obtained as Tc (93K) and Jc (84A/cm{sup 2}) which were those of a bulk sample made by using the same powder sample, pressurizing at 2 ton f/cm{sup 2} for pelletizing, and sintering at 845{degree}C for 20 hours. 6 refs., 7 figs., 1 tab.

  18. Transmission electron microscopy investigation of Bi-2223/Ag tapes

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Andersen, L.G.; Bals, S.; Tendeloo, G. Van

    2001-01-01

    during the tape processing, (3) a study of the grain boundaries on an atomic scale, including intergrowth investigations. Tapes with different process parameters have been compared with respect to the microstructure. A fully processed tape has on the average 50% thicker Bi-2223 grains than a tape after......The microstructure of (Bi,Pb)(2)Sr2Ca2CuOx (Bi-2223) tapes has been investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution TEM. The emphasis has been placed on: (1) an examination of the grain morphology and size, (2) grain and colony boundary angles, which are formed...

  19. Elliptic flow of charged particles in Pb-Pb collisions at $\\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV

    CERN Document Server

    Aamodt, K; Abrahantes Quintana, A; Adamova, D; Adare, A M; Aggarwal, M M; Aglieri Rinella, G; Agocs, A G; Aguilar Salazar, S; Ahammed, Z; Ahmad Masoodi, A; Ahmad, N; Ahn, S U; Akindinov, A; Aleksandrov, D; Alessandro, B; Alfaro Molina, R; Alici, A; Alkin, A; Almaraz Avina, E; Alt, T; Altini, V; Altinpinar, S; Altsybeev, I; Andrei, C; Andronic, A; Anguelov, V; Anson, C; Anticic, T; Antinori, F; Antonioli, P; Aphecetche, L; Appelshauser, H; Arbor, N; Arcelli, S; Arend, A; Armesto, N; Arnaldi, R; Aronsson, T; Arsene, I C; Asryan, A; Augustinus, A; Averbeck, R; Awes, T C; Aysto, J; Azmi, M D; Bach, M; Badala, A; Baek, Y W; Bagnasco, S; Bailhache, R; Bala, R; Baldini-Ferroli, R; Baldisseri, A; Baldit, A; Baltasar Dos Santos Pedrosa, F; Ban, J; Barbera, R; Barile, F; Barnafoldi, G G; Barnby, L S; Barret, V; Bartke, J; Basile, M; Bastid, N; Bathen, B; Batigne, G; Batyunya, B; Baumann, C; Bearden, I G; Beck, H; Belikov, I; Bellini, F; Bellwied, R; Belmont-Moreno, E.; Beole, S; Berceanu, I; Bercuci, A; Berdermann, E; Berdnikov, Y; Bergmann, C; Betev, L; Bhasin, A; Bhati, A K; Bianchi, L; Bianchi, N; Bianchin, C; Bielcik, J; Bielcikova, J; Bilandzic, A; Biolcati, E; Blanc, A; Blanco, F; Blanco, F; Blau, D; Blume, C; Boccioli, M; Bock, N; Bogdanov, A; Boggild, H; Bogolyubsky, M; Boldizsar, L; Bombara, M; Bombonati, C; Book, J; Borel, H; Borissov, A; Bortolin, C; Bose, S; Bossu, F; Botje, M; Bottger, S; Boyer, B; Braun-Munzinger, P.; Bravina, L; Bregant, M; Breitner, T; Broz, M; Brun, R; Bruna, E; Bruno, G E; Budnikov, D; Buesching, H; Bugaiev, K; Busch, O; Buthelezi, Z; Caffarri, D; Cai, X; Caines, H; Calvo Villar, E; Camerini, P; Canoa Roman, V; Cara Romeo, G; Carena, F; Carena, W; Carminati, F; Casanova Diaz, A; Caselle, M; Castillo Castellanos, J; Catanescu, V; Cavicchioli, C; Cepila, J; Cerello, P; Chang, B; Chapeland, S; Charvet, J L; Chattopadhyay, S; Chattopadhyay, S; Cherney, M; Cheshkov, C; Cheynis, B; Chiavassa, E; Chibante Barroso, V; Chinellato, D D; Chochula, P; Chojnacki, M; Christakoglou, P; Christensen, C H; Christiansen, P; Chujo, T; Cicalo, C; Cifarelli, L; Cindolo, F; Cleymans, J; Coccetti, F; Coffin, J P; Coli, S; Conesa Balbastre, G; Conesa del Valle, Z; Constantin, P; Contin, G; Contreras, J G; Cormier, T M; Corrales Morales, Y; Cortes Maldonado, I; Cortese, P; Cosentino, M R; Costa, F; Cotallo, M E; Crescio, E; Crochet, P; Cuautle, E; Cunqueiro, L; D'Erasmo, G; Dainese, A; Dalsgaard, H H; Danu, A; Das, D; Das, I; Das, K; Dash, A; Dash, S; De, S; De Azevedo Moregula, A; de Barros, G O V; De Caro, A; de Cataldo, G; de Cuveland, J; De Falco, A; De Gruttola, D; De Marco, N; De Pasquale, S; De Remigis, R; de Rooij, R; Debski, P R; Del Castillo Sanchez, E; Delagrange, H; Delgado Mercado, Y; Dellacasa, G; Deloff, A; Demanov, V; Denes, E; Deppman, A; Di Bari, D; Di Giglio, C; Di Liberto, S; Di Mauro, A; Di Nezza, P; Dietel, T; Divia, R; Djuvsland, O; Dobrin, A; Dobrowolski, T; Dominguez, I; Donigus, B; Dordic, O; Driga, O; Dubey, A K; Dubuisson, J; Ducroux, L; Dupieux, P; Dutta Majumdar, A K; Dutta Majumdar, M R; Elia, D; Emschermann, D; Engel, H; Erdal, H A; Espagnon, B; Estienne, M; Esumi, S; Evans, D; Evrard, S; Eyyubova, G; Fabjan, C W; Fabris, D; Faivre, J; Falchieri, D; Fantoni, A; Fasel, M; Fearick, R; Fedunov, A; Fehlker, D; Fekete, V; Felea, D; Feofilov, G; Fernandez Tellez, A; Ferretti, A; Ferretti, R; Figiel, J; Figueredo, M A S; Filchagin, S; Fini, R; Finogeev, D; Fionda, F M; Fiore, E M; Floris, M; Foertsch, S; Foka, P; Fokin, S; Fragiacomo, E; Fragkiadakis, M; Frankenfeld, U; Fuchs, U; Furano, F; Furget, C; Fusco Girard, M; Gaardhoje, J J; Gadrat, S; Gagliardi, M; Gago, A; Gallio, M; Gangadharan, D R; Ganoti, P; Ganti, M S; Garabatos, C; Garcia-Solis, E; Garishvili, I; Gemme, R; Gerhard, J; Germain, M; Geuna, C; Gheata, A; Gheata, M; Ghidini, B; Ghosh, P; Gianotti, P; Girard, M R; Giraudo, G; Giubellino, P; Gladysz-Dziadus, E; Glassel, P; Gomez, R; Ferreiro, E G; Gonzalez Santos, H; González-Trueba, L H; González-Zamora, P; Gorbunov, S; Gotovac, S; Grabski, V; Grajcarek, R; Grelli, A; Grigoras, A; Grigoras, C; Grigoriev, V; Grigoryan, A; Grigoryan, S; Grinyov, B; Grion, N; Gros, P; Grosse-Oetringhaus, J F; Grossiord, J Y; Grosso, R; Guber, F; Guernane, R; Guerra Gutierrez, C; Guerzoni, B; Gulbrandsen, K; Gunji, T; Gupta, A; Gupta, R; Haaland, O; Hadjidakis, C; Haiduc, M; Hamagaki, H; Hamar, G; Harris, J W; Hartig, M; Hasch, D; Hasegan, D; Hatzifotiadou, D; Hayrapetyan, A; Heide, M; Heinz, M; Helstrup, H; Herghelegiu, A; Hernandez, C; Herrera Corral, G; Herrmann, N; Hetland, K F; Hicks, B; Hille, P T; Hippolyte, B; Horaguchi, T; Hori, Y; Hristov, P; Hrivnacova, I; Huang, M; Huber, S; Humanic, T J; Hwang, D S; Ichou, R; Ilkaev, R; Ilkiv, I; Inaba, M; Incani, E; Innocenti, G M; Innocenti, P G; Ippolitov, M; Irfan, M; Ivan, C; Ivanov, A; Ivanov, M; Ivanov, V; Jacholkowski, A; Jacobs, P M; Jancurova, L; Jangal, S; Janik, R; Jena, S; Jirden, L; Jones, G T; Jones, P G; Jovanovic, P; Jung, H; Jung, W; Jusko, A; Kalcher, S; Kalinak, P; Kalisky, M; Kalliokoski, T; Kalweit, A; Kamermans, R; Kanaki, K; Kang, E; Kang, J H; Kaplin, V; Karavichev, O; Karavicheva, T; Karpechev, E; Kazantsev, A; Kebschull, U; Keidel, R; Khan, M M; Khan, S A; Khanzadeev, A; Kharlov, Y; Kileng, B; Kim, D J; Kim, D S; Kim, D W; Kim, H N; Kim, J H; Kim, J S; Kim, M; Kim, M; Kim, S; Kim, S H; Kirsch, S; Kisel, I; Kiselev, S; Kisiel, A; Klay, J L; Klein, J; Klein-Bosing, C; Kliemant, M; Klovning, A; Kluge, A; Knichel, M L; Koch, K; Kohler, M; Kolevatov, R; Kolojvari, A; Kondratiev, V; Kondratyeva, N; Konevskih, A; Kornas, E; Kottachchi Kankanamge Don, C; Kour, R; Kowalski, M; Kox, S; Koyithatta Meethaleveedu, G; Kozlov, K; Kral, J; Kralik, I; Kramer, F; Kraus, I; Krawutschke, T; Kretz, M; Krivda, M; Krizek, F; Krumbhorn, D; Krus, M; Kryshen, E; Krzewicki, M; Kucheriaev, Y; Kuhn, C; Kuijer, P G; Kurashvili, P; Kurepin, A; Kurepin, A B; Kuryakin, A; Kushpil, S; Kushpil, V; Kweon, M J; Kwon, Y; La Rocca, P; Ladron de Guevara, P; Lafage, V; Lara, C; Lardeux, A; Larsen, D T; Lazzeroni, C; Le Bornec, Y; Lea, R; Lee, K S; Lee, S C; Lefevre, F; Lehnert, J; Leistam, L; Lenhardt, M; Lenti, V; Leon Monzon, I; Leon Vargas, H; Levai, P; Li, X; Lien, J; Lietava, R; Lindal, S; Lindenstruth, V; Lippmann, C; Lisa, M A; Liu, L; Loenne, P I; Loggins, V R; Loginov, V; Lohn, S; Loizides, C; Loo, K K; Lopez, X; Lopez Noriega, M; Lopez Torres, E; Lovhoiden, G; Lu, X G; Luettig, P; Lunardon, M; Luparello, G; Luquin, L; Luzzi, C; Ma, K; Ma, R; Madagodahettige-Don, D M; Maevskaya, A; Mager, M; Mahapatra, D P; Maire, A; Mal'Kevich, D; Malaev, M; Maldonado Cervantes, I; Malinina, L; Malzacher, P; Mamonov, A; Manceau, L; Mangotra, L; Manko, V; Manso, F; Manzari, V; Mao, Y; Mares, J; Margagliotti, G V; Margotti, A; Marin, A; Markert, C; Martashvili, I; Martinengo, P; Martinez, M I; Martinez Davalos, A; Martinez Garcia, G; Martynov, Y; Masciocchi, S; Masera, M; Masoni, A; Massacrier, L; Mastromarco, M; Mastroserio, A; Matthews, Z L; Matyja, A; Mayani, D; Mayer, C; Mazza, G; Mazzoni, M A; Meddi, F; Menchaca-Rocha, A; Mendez Lorenzo, P; Menis, I; Mercado Perez, J; Meres, M; Mereu, P; Miake, Y; Midori, J; Milano, L; Milosevic, J; Mischke, A; Miskowiec, D; Mitu, C; Mlynarz, J; Mohanty, A K; Mohanty, B; Molnar, L; Montano Zetina, L; Monteno, M; Montes, E; Morando, M; Moreira De Godoy, D A; Moretto, S; Morsch, A; Muccifora, V; Mudnic, E; Muhuri, S; Muller, H; Munhoz, M G; Munoz, J; Musa, L; Musso, A; Nandi, B K; Nania, R; Nappi, E; Nattrass, C; Navach, F; Navin, S; Nayak, T K; Nazarenko, S; Nazarov, G; Nedosekin, A; Nendaz, F; Newby, J; Nicassio, M; Nielsen, B S; Niida, T; Nikolaev, S; Nikolic, V; Nikulin, S; Nikulin, V; Nilsen, B S; Nilsson, M S; Noferini, F; Nooren, G; Novitzky, N; Nyanin, A; Nyatha, A; Nygaard, C; Nystrand, J; Obayashi, H; Ochirov, A; Oeschler, H; Oh, S K; Oleniacz, J; Oppedisano, C; Ortiz Velasquez, A; Ortona, G; Oskarsson, A; Ostrowski, P; Otterlund, I; Otwinowski, J; Oyama, K; Ozawa, K; Pachmayer, Y; Pachr, M; Padilla, F; Pagano, P; Jayarathna, S P; Paic, G; Painke, F; Pajares, C; Pal, S; Pal, S K; Palaha, A; Palmeri, A; Pappalardo, G S; Park, W J; Patalakha, D I; Paticchio, V; Pavlinov, A; Pawlak, T; Peitzmann, T; Peresunko, D; Perez Lara, C E; Perini, D; Perrino, D; Peryt, W; Pesci, A; Peskov, V; Pestov, Y; Peters, A J; Petracek, V; Petran, M; Petris, M; Petrov, P; Petrovici, M; Petta, C; Piano, S; Piccotti, A; Pikna, M; Pillot, P; Pinazza, O; Pinsky, L; Pitz, N; Piuz, F; Piyarathna, D B; Platt, R; Ploskon, M; Pluta, J; Pocheptsov, T; Pochybova, S; Podesta-Lerma, P L M; Poghosyan, M G; Polak, K; Polichtchouk, B; Pop, A; Porteboeuf, S; Pospisil, V; Potukuchi, B; Prasad, S K; Preghenella, R; Prino, F; Pruneau, C A; Pshenichnov, I; Puddu, G; Pulvirenti, A; Punin, V; Putis, M; Putschke, J; Quercigh, E; Qvigstad, H; Rachevski, A; Rademakers, A; Rademakers, O; Radomski, S; Raiha, T S; Rak, J; Rakotozafindrabe, A; Ramello, L; Ramirez Reyes, A; Rammler, M; Raniwala, R; Raniwala, S; Rasanen, S S; Read, K F; Real, J; Redlich, K; Renfordt, R; Reolon, A R; Reshetin, A; Rettig, F; Revol, J P; Reygers, K; Ricaud, H; Riccati, L; Ricci, R A; Richter, M; Riedler, P; Riegler, W; Riggi, F; Rodriguez Cahuantzi, M; Rohr, D; Rohrich, D; Romita, R; Ronchetti, F; Rosinsky, P; Rosnet, P; Rossegger, S; Rossi, A; Roukoutakis, F; Rousseau, S; Roy, C; Roy, P; Rubio Montero, A J; Rui, R; Rivetti, A; Rusanov, I; Ryabinkin, E; Rybicki, A; Sadovsky, S; Safarik, K; Sahoo, R; Sahu, P K; Saini, J; Saiz, P; Sakai, S; Sakata, D; Salgado, C A; Samanta, T; Sambyal, S; Samsonov, V; Sanchez Castro, X; Sandor, L; Sandoval, A; Sano, M; Sano, S; Santo, R; Santoro, R; Sarkamo, J; Saturnini, P; Scapparone, E; Scarlassara, F; Scharenberg, R P; Schiaua, C; Schicker, R; Schmidt, C; Schmidt, H R; Schreiner, S; Schuchmann, S; Schukraft, J; Schutz, Y; Schwarz, K; Schweda, K; Scioli, G; Scomparin, E; Scott, P A; Scott, R; Segato, G; Selyuzhenkov, I; Senyukov, S; Seo, J; Serci, S; Serradilla, E; Sevcenco, A; Sgura, I; Shabratova, G; Shahoyan, R; Sharma, N; Sharma, S; Shigaki, K; Shimomura, M; Shtejer, K; Sibiriak, Y; Siciliano, M; Sicking, E; Siemiarczuk, T; Silenzi, A; Silvermyr, D; Simonetti, G; Singaraju, R; Singh, R; Singhal, V; Sinha, B C; Sinha, T; Sitar, B; Sitta, M; Skaali, T B; Skjerdal, K; Smakal, R; Smirnov, N; Snellings, R; Sogaard, C; Soloviev, A; Soltz, R; Son, H; Song, J; Song, M; Soos, C; Soramel, F; Spyropoulou-Stassinaki, M; Srivastava, B K; Stachel, J; Stan, I; Stefanek, G; Stefanini, G; Steinbeck, T; Steinpreis, M; Stenlund, E; Steyn, G; Stocco, D; Stock, R; Stokkevag, C H; Stolpovskiy, M; Strmen, P; Suaide, A A P; Subieta Vasquez, M A; Sugitate, T; Suire, C; Sukhorukov, M; Sumbera, M; Susa, T; Swoboda, D; Symons, T J M; Szanto de Toledo, A; Szarka, I; Szostak, A; Tagridis, C; Takahashi, J; Takaki, J D Tapia; Tauro, A; Tavlet, M; Tejeda Munoz, G; Telesca, A; Terrevoli, C; Thader, J; Thomas, D; Thomas, J H; Tieulent, R; Timmins, A R; Tlusty, D; Toia, A; Torii, H; Toscano, L; Tosello, F; Traczyk, T; Truesdale, D; Trzaska, W H; Tsuji, T; Tumkin, A; Turrisi, R; Turvey, A J; Tveter, T S; Ulery, J; Ullaland, K; Uras, A; Urban, J; Urciuoli, G M; Usai, G L; Vacchi, A; Vajzer, M; Vala, M; Valencia Palomo, L; Vallero, S; van der Kolk, N; van Leeuwen, M; Vande Vyvre, P; Vannucci, L; Vargas, A; Varma, R; Vasileiou, M; Vasiliev, A; Vechernin, V; Veldhoen, M; Venaruzzo, M; Vercellin, E; Vergara, S; Vernekohl, D C; Vernet, R; Verweij, M; Vickovic, L; Viesti, G; Vikhlyantsev, O; Vilakazi, Z; Villalobos Baillie, O; Vinogradov, A; Vinogradov, L; Vinogradov, Y; Virgili, T; Viyogi, Y P; Vodopyanov, A; Voloshin, K; Voloshin, S; Volpe, G; von Haller, B; Vranic, D; Ovrebekk, G; Vrlakova, J; Vulpescu, B; Vyushin, A; Wagner, B; Wagner, V; Wan, R; Wang, D; Wang, Y; Wang, Y; Watanabe, K; Wessels, J P; Westerhoff, U; Wiechula, J; Wikne, J; Wilde, M; Wilk, A; Wilk, G; Williams, M C S; Windelband, B; Xaplanteris Karampatsos, L; Yang, H; Yang, S; Yasnopolskiy, S; Yi, J; Yin, Z; Yokoyama, H; Yoo, I K; Yu, W; Yuan, X; Yushmanov, I; Zabrodin, E; Zach, C; Zampolli, C; Zaporozhets, S; Zarochentsev, A; Zavada, P; Zaviyalov, N; Zbroszczyk, H; Zelnicek, P; Zenin, A; Zgura, I; Zhalov, M; Zhang, X; Zhou, D; Zichichi, A; Zinovjev, G; Zoccarato, Y; Zynovyev, M

    2010-01-01

    We report the first measurement of charged particle elliptic flow in Pb-Pb collisions at 2.76 TeV with the ALICE detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The measurement is performed in the central pseudorapidity region (|eta|<0.8) and transverse momentum range 0.2< p_t< 5.0 GeV/c. The elliptic flow signal v_2, measured using the 4-particle correlation method, averaged over transverse momentum and pseudorapidity is 0.087 +/- 0.002 (stat) +/- 0.004 (syst) in the 40-50% centrality class. The differential elliptic flow v_2(p_t) reaches a maximum of 0.2 near p_t = 3 GeV/c. Compared to RHIC Au-Au collisions at 200 GeV, the elliptic flow increases by about 30%. Some hydrodynamic model predictions which include viscous corrections are in agreement with the observed increase.

  20. Phase stability, oxygen nonstoichiometry, and superconductivity properties of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ and Bi1.8Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mozhaev, A.P.; Chernyaev, S.V.; Badun, Y.V.

    1995-01-01

    Phase stability of Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8+δ (2212) and Bi 1.8 Pb 0.4 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 10+δ (2223) was studied by means of thermogravimetry, dilatometry, high-temperature resistivity, and the powder X-ray methods in the temperature range 700-1000 degrees and at P O2 = 1-10 -4.3 atm. The existence of a high-temperature (peritectic melting) boundary of phase stability was found. The temperatures of low-temperature phase decomposition were determined in air and under an oxygen atmosphere. The change in oxygen content was determined for the 2212 phase in the temperature range 700-860 degrees C and at P O2 = 0.21-10 -3.7 atm by iodometric analysis of quenched samples. It was found that in the single-phase region, the change in oxygen nonstoichiometry had an insignificant influence on T c . It was also shown that the slow cooling of samples led to a significant decrease in T c and transport j c due to partial phase decomposition

  1. Determination of 210Pb e 210Po in marine samples and aerosols

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Saito, Roberto Tatsuya

    1996-01-01

    In this work the methodologies for 210 Pb e 210 Po analyses in marine samples, such as fish, seaweed, sediment, and aerosol samples are presented. The 210 Pb levels in the samples were obtained by both 210 Bi and 210 Po ingrowth. The 210 Pb analysis via 210 Bi presents the following steps: 210 Pb leaching from samples with 8 M nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide; lead sulphate precipitation; conversion to carbonate; dissolution; lead sulphate precipitation; gravimetric analysis of lead; waiting of time to reach radioactive equilibrium and 210 Bi beta counting by employing a Geiger-Mueller detector with a low background radiation. The 210 Pb analysis via 210 Po presents the following steps: 210 Pb and 210 Po leaching from samples with 8 M nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide; nitric acid elimination by heating and hydrochloric acid addition; spontaneous deposition onto silver disc and alpha counting of polonium in silicon surface-barrier detector. In order to determine 210 Pb activity, the solution was percolated in the Dowex AG 1-X 8 anion exchange resin; preconditioned with 8 M nitric acid; the lead was eluted by 8 M hydrochloric acid; the solution was gently evaporated to dryness and diluted with 0.5 N hydrochloric acid. After 3-6 months a second 210 Po spontaneous deposition onto silver disc was carried out. The methodology for 210 Pb analysis via 210 Bi showed lead recoveries from 63 to 100%. In the method via 210 Po the polonium recoveries were varied from 39 to 63% under manual agitation, and from 60 to 100% under mechanical agitation. The radiochemical methods for 210 Po and 210 Pb analyses were applied in reference samples from International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the results obtained showed the good precision and accuracy of the established methods. The analysis of marine sediment samples of Antarctica presented 210 Pb and Po levels from 8 to 60 Bq.kg -1 , and fish samples from Sao Paulo Coast presented 210 Po levels from 0.5 to 5.3 Bq.kg -1 . These

  2. Analysis of the neutron energy spectra from the sup(208)Pb (p,n) sup(208)Bi reaction at Esub(p)=200 MeV

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ershov, S.N.; Fayans, S.A.; Gareev, F.A.; Pyatov, N.I.

    1986-01-01

    Microscopic calculation of the small-angle neutron energy spectra from the 208 Pb (p, n) 208 Bi reaction at Esub(p)=200 MeV are presented. It is shown that the distorted-wave impulse approximation and the microscopic theory of finite Fermi systems can be employed for describing the low-energy excitation region 0 <= Q <= 30 MeV with small momentum transfers. A quantitative estimate is obtained for the local charge of quasiparticles esub(q)[σtau]=0.8 that characterizes the quenching of the integral strength of spin-flip low-energy transitions and the relevant effects are discussed

  3. Synthesis of Bi{sub 1.8}Pb{sub 0.4}Sr{sub 2}Ca{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub x} superconductor

    Science.gov (United States)

    Smith, M.G.

    1996-10-29

    Two-powder processes for the synthesis of superconducting (Bi, Pb)-2223/Ag-clad wires by the oxide-powder-in-the-robe are provided. The first precursor powder, of nominal stoichiometry CaCuO{sub x}, is a solution-synthesized mixture of Ca{sub 0.45}Cu{sub 0.55}O{sub 2} and CaO. Using these oxide precursor mixtures, superconducting tapes with well-aligned grains and reproducible critical current densities J{sub c} in the range of 20,000 to 26,000 A/cm{sup 2} at 75 K in self-field after annealing less than 200 hours were obtained. 2 figs.

  4. Critical current anisotropy in Ag/(Pb,Bi){sub 2}Sr{sub 2}Ca{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 10+x} multifilamentary tapes: influence of self-magnetic field

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Majoros, M [IRC in Superconductivity, University of Cambridge, Cambridge (United Kingdom); Institute of Electrical Engineering, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava (Slovakia); Glowacki, B A [IRC in Superconductivity, University of Cambridge, Cambridge (United Kingdom); Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge (United Kingdom); Campbell, A M [IRC in Superconductivity, University of Cambridge, Cambridge (United Kingdom)

    2001-06-01

    Two factors affect critical current anisotropy in multifilamentary Ag/(Pb,Bi){sub 2}Sr{sub 2}Ca{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 10+x} tapes - the intrinsic material anisotropy and the geometry. Experimental results on the magnetic field dependence and anisotropy of the critical current in a multifilamentary Ag/(Pb,Bi){sub 2}Sr{sub 2}Ca{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 10+x} tape after correction for self-magnetic field effects were found to fit the anisotropic Kim relation. Based on this relation a finite-element-method numerical code for solving the nonlinear Poisson equation for vector magnetic potential was adopted. It allowed the experimental data to be reproduced by back calculation and made possible the study of the interplay of self and external magnetic fields in different cases with well defined physical parameters of the material. The model was used to analyse the distribution of the critical current in individual filaments as well as to evaluate the influence of their geometrical arrangements on the critical current of the tape. The self-field critical current of an individual filament 'extracted' from the tape was compared with the critical current of the overall tape. The effect of the self-magnetic field on critical current distribution obtained by the cutting method was determined. The critical currents of the tapes with different cross sections were calculated and compared with experiments and the influence of the self-field was analysed. The anisotropic properties of a low anisotropy architecture of a multifilamentary Ag/(Pb,Bi){sub 2}Sr{sub 2}Ca{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 10+x} conductor were studied. The dependence of critical currents (normalized to self-field critical currents) on external magnetic field corrected for the self-field was found to follow nearly the same curves as those for tapes with different critical current densities (in the range 20-70 kA cm{sup -2} in a self-field), which makes the numerical model applicable to different tapes. (author)

  5. Critical current density and flux pinning in superconducting wires and coils of silver-clad Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dou, S.X.; Liu, H.K.; Apperley, M.H.; Song, K.H.; Sorrell, C.C.; Guo, S.J.; Loberg, B.; Easterling, K.E.

    1991-01-01

    The critical current density (J c ) of Ag-clad of Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O has been measured to be about 12,000 A/cm 2 at 77 K in zero field. This wire was rolled into a tape of thickness 0.1 mm and width of 2 to 3 mm, and a coil of 35 mm diameter was formed. The J c of this coil was measured to be about 2,000 A/cm 2 at 77 K over the full length (1.00 meter) of the coil. In this paper compositions, heat treatment parameters, and cold-deformation for enhancement of J c are presented. The microstructure is characterized and pinning interactions as well as possible weak links are emphasised. (orig.)

  6. Characteristic of the flux pinning at intergrain boundaries in bulk Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wang Yugui; Yang Yu; Xiong Xiaozhong; Yuan Songliu; Wang Shunxi

    1991-02-01

    The magnetization measurement shows that there are two kinds of different intergrain boundaries in the sintered Bi 1.8 Pb 0.34 Sr 1.86 Ca 2 Cu 3 O y superconductors. One has nearly no pinning force for flux line, the other can trap some flux line in the low field range where a pinning current may be sustained. When the applied field is removed, most of the remanent magnetization comes from the intergrain boundaries. The area of hysteresis loop at low field and the remanent magnetization for the cold-pressed bulk samples are significantly increased. Cold pressing results in aligning the grain orientation and raising the packing density, both of which enhanced intergrain coupling. The J c value of 1040 A/cm 2 at H = 0 and 150 A/cm 2 at H = 1 k Oe are obtained. The flux creep along the intergrain boundaries and the pinning potential energy U 0 for the coldpressed samples are also discussed

  7. Study on core radius minimization for long life Pb-Bi cooled CANDLE burnup scheme based fast reactor

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Afifah, Maryam, E-mail: maryam.afifah210692@gmail.com; Su’ud, Zaki [Nuclear Research Group, FMIPA, Bandung Institute of Technology Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132 (Indonesia); Miura, Ryosuke; Takaki, Naoyuki [Department of Nuclear Safety Engineering, Tokyo City University 1-28-1 Tamazutsumi, Setagaya, Tokyo 158-8557 (Japan); Sekimoto, H. [Emerritus Prof. of Research Laboratory for Nuclear Reactors, Tokyo Inst. of Technology (Japan)

    2015-09-30

    Fast Breeder Reactor had been interested to be developed over the world because it inexhaustible source energy, one of those is CANDLE reactor which is have strategy in burn-up scheme, need not control roads for control burn-up, have a constant core characteristics during energy production and don’t need fuel shuffling. The calculation was made by basic reactor analysis which use Sodium coolant geometry core parameter as a reference core to study on minimum core reactor radius of CANDLE for long life Pb-Bi cooled, also want to perform pure coolant effect comparison between LBE and sodium in a same geometry design. The result show that the minimum core radius of Lead Bismuth cooled CANDLE is 100 cm and 500 MWth thermal output. Lead-Bismuth coolant for CANDLE reactor enable to reduce much reactor size and have a better void coefficient than Sodium cooled as the most coolant for FBR, then we will have a good point in safety analysis.

  8. Significance of out-of-plane electronic contributions in Bi-cuprates studied by resonant photoelectron spectroscopy at the Cu2p edge

    Science.gov (United States)

    Janowitz, Christoph; Schmeißer, Dieter

    2018-04-01

    In high-temperature superconductors with a layered crystal structure, the copper-oxygen planes are commonly considered to dominate the electronic properties around the Fermi energy. As a consequence, out-of-plane contributions are often neglected in the description of these materials. Here we report on a resonant photoemission study of Pb0,4Bi1,6Sr2,0CaCu2O8 ((Pb, Bi)-2212) and Pb0,6Bi1,4Sr1.5La0.5CuO6 ((Pb, Bi)-2201)) single crystals to unravel the resonant decay mechanisms at the Cu2p absorption edge. We find evidence for a pronounced polarization dependence caused by two different Auger processes for in-plane and out-of-plane orientations. We deduce that the lowest energy valence state—which is involved in the two Auger processes—consists of three-dimensional contributions by admixed out-of-plane Sr, Bi, and O2p states. It also suggests that the doping-induced charge density is dynamic, fluctuating within the Cu-O plane, and spills out perpendicular to it. This suggests that out-of-plane electronic degrees of freedom should be included in future consistent theoretical models of these materials.

  9. Determination of 210 Pb in mineral spring waters of Aguas da Prata city

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Moreira, S.R.D.

    1993-01-01

    Concentration levels of 210 Pb have been analyzed in 12 mineral spring waters of Aguas da Prata city. The 210 Pb concentration was determined through 210 Bi, by measuring the gross beta activity of the 210 Pb Cr O 4 precipitate after separation from interfering elements by complexation with nitrile tri acetic acid at basic pH. The 210 Bi beta activity was carried out in a low background gas flow proportional counter. Concentrations ranging from lower limit of detection to 1240 mBq/L were observed for 210 Pb. The radiochemical procedure adopted presented a chemical yield around 85% and a lower limit of detection of 4,9 mBq/L. Dose calculations were performed in order to evaluate the importance of this radionuclide to the radiation exposure due to the ingestion of these waters. Based upon measured concentrations, committed effective doses up to 1,1 mSv/y and committed doses to the bone up to 1.7 x 10 1 mSv/y were observed for 210 Pb. (author). 64 refs, 6 figs, 7 tabs

  10. Inner-shell vacancy production and mean charge states of MeV/u Fe, Co, Ni and Cu ions in Au and Bi solid targets

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ciortea, C. E-mail: ciortea@tandem.nipne.ro; Dumitriu, Dana; Enescu, Sanda E.; Enulescu, A.; Fluerasu, Daniela; Piticu, I.; Szilagyi, Z.S

    2002-06-01

    The average charge states of 0.1-1.5 MeV/u Fe, Co, Ni and Cu ions in solid Au and Bi targets have been determined, by estimating the mean numbers of outer-shell spectator vacancies during the K-vacancy decay. The latter quantities were obtained from the yield and energy shifts of the K{alpha}, {beta} X-rays, by comparing with calculations in the independent electron approximation. The reported equilibrium charges, mostly characteristic for the inside of the target, are in fairly agreement with Nikolaev and Dmitriev semi-empirical formula [Phys. Lett. 28A (1968) 277].

  11. Determination of {sup 210} Pb in mineral spring waters of Aguas da Prata city; Determinacao de {sup 210} Pb em aguas minerais da cidade de Aguas da Prata

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Moreira, S R.D.

    1994-12-31

    Concentration levels of {sup 210} Pb have been analyzed in 12 mineral spring waters of Aguas da Prata city. The {sup 210} Pb concentration was determined through {sup 210} Bi, by measuring the gross beta activity of the {sup 210} Pb Cr O{sub 4} precipitate after separation from interfering elements by complexation with nitrile tri acetic acid at basic pH. The {sup 210} Bi beta activity was carried out in a low background gas flow proportional counter. Concentrations ranging from lower limit of detection to 1240 mBq/L were observed for {sup 210} Pb. The radiochemical procedure adopted presented a chemical yield around 85% and a lower limit of detection of 4,9 mBq/L. Dose calculations were performed in order to evaluate the importance of this radionuclide to the radiation exposure due to the ingestion of these waters. Based upon measured concentrations, committed effective doses up to 1,1 mSv/y and committed doses to the bone up to 1.7 x 10{sup 1} mSv/y were observed for {sup 210} Pb. (author). 64 refs, 6 figs, 7 tabs.

  12. Study of the mechanism of Pb + Au reaction at 29 A.MeV

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Aboufirassi, M.

    1994-07-01

    The aim of this thesis is to demonstrate the binary character of Pb + Au reaction at 29 A.MeV and to study the decay modes of very excited nuclei produced. The experiment set up was performed at the GANIL in the scattering chamber NAUTILUS. It was composed by multi detectors of fragments (Z ≥8) and multi detectors of light charged particles. (Z<8). The analysis of events which lead to detection of more then 80 % of both total charge and total parallel momentum proved that two body final state is still present at this incident energy. This mechanism is similar to the mechanism of heavy ion reaction at low bombarding energy. We have shown that complete damping occurred leading to excitation energy as high as 6 Me V/u. The decay modes of deep inelastic products are evaporation residue or binary fission or multifragmentation. Analysing the fission products, we have estimated the aligned spin of deep inelastic products (45 h). Finally, the study of light charged particles detected with fission fragments has demonstrated that these particles are emitted essentially before fission. The temperature value of hot nuclei emitted at foreword angle is deduced of light particle spectra. (author)

  13. Rapid formation of phase-clean 110 K (Bi-2223) powders derived via freeze-drying process

    Science.gov (United States)

    Balachandran, U.

    1996-06-04

    A process for the preparation of amorphous precursor powders for Pb-doped Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2} Ca{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub x} (2223) includes a freeze-drying process incorporating a splat-freezing step. The process generally includes splat freezing a nitrate solution of Bi, Pb, Sr, Ca, and Cu to form flakes of the solution without any phase separation; grinding the frozen flakes to form a powder; freeze-drying the frozen powder; heating the dried powder to form a dry green precursor powders; denitrating the green-powders; heating the denitrated powders to form phase-clean Bi-2223 powders. The grain boundaries of the 2223 grains appear to be clean, leading to good intergrain contact between 2223 grains. 11 figs.

  14. Long range absorption in the scattering of {sup 6}He on {sup 208}Pb and {sup 197}Au at 27 MeV

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kakuee, O.R. [Van De Graaf Laboratory, Nuclear Research Centre, AEOI, P.O. Box 14155-1339, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of)]|[Departamento de Fisica Atomica, Molecular y Nuclear, Apartado 1065, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41080 Sevilla (Spain); Alvarez, M.A.G. [Departamento de Fisica Atomica, Molecular y Nuclear, Apartado 1065, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41080 Sevilla (Spain); Andres, M.V. [Departamento de Fisica Atomica, Molecular y Nuclear, Apartado 1065, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41080 Sevilla (Spain); Cherubini, S. [Department de Physique Nucleaire, Universite Catholique, Louvain-la-Neuve (Belgium)]|[Institut fuer Experimentalphysik III, Ruhr-Universitaet Bochum (Germany); Davinson, T.; Di Pietro, A.; Laird, A.M.; Shotter, A.C.; Smith, W.B.; Woods, P.J. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Edinburgh University, EH9 3JZ (United Kingdom); Galster, W. [Department de Physique Nucleaire, Universite Catholique, Louvain-la-Neuve (Belgium); Gomez-Camacho, J. [Departamento de Fisica Atomica, Molecular y Nuclear, Apartado 1065, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41080 Sevilla (Spain)]. E-mail: gomez@us.es; Lamehi-Rachti, M. [Van De Graaf Laboratory, Nuclear Research Centre, AEOI, P.O. Box 14155-1339, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Martel, I. [Departamento de Fisica Aplicada, Universidad de Huelva, E-21819 Huelva (Spain); Moro, A.M. [Departamento de Fisica Atomica, Molecular y Nuclear, Apartado 1065, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41080 Sevilla (Spain); Rahighi, J. [Van De Graaf Laboratory, Nuclear Research Centre, AEOI, P.O. Box 14155-1339, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of)]|[Department of Physics and Astronomy, Edinburgh University, EH9 3JZ (United Kingdom); Sanchez-Benitez, A.M. [Departamento de Fisica Aplicada, Universidad de Huelva, E-21819 Huelva (Spain); Vervier, J. [Department de Physique Nucleaire, Universite Catholique, Louvain-la-Neuve (Belgium)

    2006-02-06

    Quasi-elastic scattering of {sup 6}He at E{sub lab}=27 MeV from {sup 197}Au has been measured in the angular range of 6{sup o}-72{sup o} in the laboratory system employing LEDA and LAMP detection systems. These data, along previously analysed data of {sup 6}He+{sup 208}Pb at the same energy, are analysed using optical model calculations. The role of Coulomb dipole polarizability has been investigated. Large imaginary diffuseness parameters are required to fit the data. This result is an evidence for long range absorption mechanisms in {sup 6}He induced reactions.

  15. Charged-particle multiplicity density at mid-rapidity in central Pb-Pb collisions at $\\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV

    CERN Document Server

    Aamodt, K; Abrahantes Quintana, A; Adamova, D; Adare, A M; Aggarwal, M M; Aglieri Rinella, G; Agocs, A G; Aguilar Salazar, S; Ahammed, Z; Ahmad Masoodi, A; Ahmad, N; Ahn, S U; Akindinov, A; Aleksandrov, D; Alessandro, B; Alfaro Molina, R; Alici, A; Alkin, A; Almaraz Avina, E; Alt, T; Altini, V; Altinpinar, S; Altsybeev, I; Andrei, C; Andronic, A; Anguelov, V; Anson, C; Anticic, T; Antinori, F; Antonioli, P; Aphecetche, L; Appelshauser, H; Arbor, N; Arcelli, S; Arend, A; Armesto, N; Arnaldi, R; Aronsson, T; Arsene, I C; Asryan, A; Augustinus, A; Averbeck, R; Awes, T C; Aysto, J; Azmi, M D; Bach, M; Badala, A; Baek, Y W; Bagnasco, S; Bailhache, R; Bala, R; Baldini-Ferroli, R; Baldisseri, A; Baldit, A; Baltasar Dos Santos Pedrosa, F; Ban, J; Barbera, R; Barile, F; Barnafoldi, G G; Barnby, L S; Barret, V; Bartke, J; Basile, M; Bastid, N; Bathen, B; Batigne, G; Batyunya, B; Baumann, C; Bearden, I G; Beck, H; Belikov, I; Bellini, F; Bellwied, R; Belmont-Moreno, E; Beole, S; Berceanu, I; Bercuci, A; Berdermann, E; Berdnikov, Y; Bergmann, C; Betev, L; Bhasin, A; Bhati, A K; Bianchi, L; Bianchi, N; Bianchin, C; Bielcik, J; Bielcikova, J; Bilandzic, A; Biolcati, E; Blanc, A; Blanco, F; Blanco, F; Blau, D; Blume, C; Boccioli, M; Bock, N; Bogdanov, A; Boggild, H; Bogolyubsky, M; Boldizsar, L; Bombara, M; Bombonati, C; Book, J; Borel, H; Borissov, A; Bortolin, C; Bose, S; Bossu, F; Botje, M; Bottger, S; Boyer, B; Braun-Munzinger, P; Bravina, L; Bregant, M; Breitner, T; Broz, M; Brun, R; Bruna, E; Bruno, G E; Budnikov, D; Buesching, H; Bugaiev, K; Busch, O; Buthelezi, Z; Caffarri, D; Cai, X; Caines, H; Calvo Villar, E; Camerini, P; Canoa Roman, V; Cara Romeo, G; Carena, F; Carena, W; Carminati, F; Casanova Diaz, A; Caselle, M; Castillo Castellanos, J; Catanescu, V; Cavicchioli, C; Cepila, J; Cerello, P; Chang, B; Chapeland, S; Charvet, J L; Chattopadhyay, S; Chattopadhyay, S; Cherney, M; Cheshkov, C; Cheynis, B; Chiavassa, E; Chibante Barroso, V; Chinellato, D D; Chochula, P; Chojnacki, M; Christakoglou, P; Christensen, C H; Christiansen, P; Chujo, T; Cicalo, C; Cifarelli, L; Cindolo, F; Cleymans, J; Coccetti, F; Coffin, J P; Coli, S; Conesa Balbastre, G; Conesa del Valle, Z; Constantin, P; Contin, G; Contreras, J G; Cormier, T M; Corrales Morales, Y; Cortes Maldonado, I; Cortese, P; Cosentino, M R; Costa, F; Cotallo, M E; Crescio, E; Crochet, P; Cuautle, E; Cunqueiro, L; D'Erasmo, G; Dainese, A; Dalsgaard, H H; Danu, A; Das, D; Das, I; Das, K; Dash, A; Dash, S; De, S; De Azevedo Moregula, A; de Barros, G O V; De Caro, A; de Cataldo, G; de Cuveland, J; De Falco, A; De Gruttola, D; De Marco, N; De Pasquale, S; De Remigis, R; de Rooij, R; Debski, P R; Del Castillo Sanchez, E; Delagrange, H; Delgado Mercado, Y; Dellacasa, G; Deloff, A; Demanov, V; Denes, E; Deppman, A; Di Bari, D; Di Giglio, C; Di Liberto, S; Di Mauro, A; Di Nezza, P; Dietel, T; Divia, R; Djuvsland, O; Dobrin, A; Dobrowolski, T; Dominguez, I; Donigus, B; Dordic, O; Driga, O; Dubey, A K; Dubuisson, J; Ducroux, L; Dupieux, P; Dutta Majumdar, A K; Dutta Majumdar, M R; Elia, D; Emschermann, D; Engel, H; Erdal, H A; Espagnon, B; Estienne, M; Esumi, S; Evans, D; Evrard, S; Eyyubova, G; Fabjan, C W; Fabris, D; Faivre, J; Falchieri, D; Fantoni, A; Fasel, M; Fearick, R; Fedunov, A; Fehlker, D; Fekete, V; Felea, D; Feofilov, G; Fernandez Tellez, A; Ferretti, A; Ferretti, R; Figiel, J; Figueredo, M A S; Filchagin, S; Fini, R; Finogeev, D; Fionda, F M; Fiore, E M; Floris, M; Foertsch, S; Foka, P; Fokin, S; Fragiacomo, E; Fragkiadakis, M; Frankenfeld, U; Fuchs, U; Furano, F; Furget, C; Fusco Girard, M; Gaardhoje, J J; Gadrat, S; Gagliardi, M; Gago, A; Gallio, M; Gangadharan, D R; Ganoti, P; Ganti, M S; Garabatos, C; Garcia-Solis, E; Garishvili, I; Gemme, R; Gerhard, J; Germain, M; Geuna, C; Gheata, A; Gheata, M; Ghidini, B; Ghosh, P; Gianotti, P; Girard, M R; Giraudo, G; Giubellino, P; Gladysz-Dziadus, E; Glassel, P; Gomez, R; Ferreiro, E G; Gonzalez Santos, H; González-Trueba, L H; González-Zamora, P; Gorbunov, S; Gotovac, S; Grabski, V; Grajcarek, R; Grelli, A; Grigoras, A; Grigoras, C; Grigoriev, V; Grigoryan, A; Grigoryan, S; Grinyov, B; Grion, N; Gros, P; Grosse-Oetringhaus, J F; Grossiord, J Y; Grosso, R; Guber, F; Guernane, R; Guerra Gutierrez, C; Guerzoni, B; Gulbrandsen, K; Gunji, T; Gupta, A; Gupta, R; Gutbrod, H; Haaland, O; Hadjidakis, C; Haiduc, M; Hamagaki, H; Hamar, G; Harris, J W; Hartig, M; Hasch, D; Hasegan, D; Hatzifotiadou, D; Hayrapetyan, A; Heide, M; Heinz, M; Helstrup, H; Herghelegiu, A; Hernandez, C; Herrera Corral, G; Herrmann, N; Hetland, K F; Hicks, B; Hille, P T; Hippolyte, B; Horaguchi, T; Hori, Y; Hristov, P; Hrivnacova, I; Huang, M; Huber, S; Humanic, T J; Hwang, D S; Ichou, R; Ilkaev, R; Ilkiv, I; Inaba, M; Incani, E; Innocenti, G M; Innocenti, P G; Ippolitov, M; Irfan, M; Ivan, C; Ivanov, A; Ivanov, M; Ivanov, V; Jacholkowski, A; Jacobs, P M; Jancurova, L; Jangal, S; Janik, R; Jena, S; Jirden, L; Jones, G T; Jones, P G; Jovanovic, P; Jung, H; Jung, W; Jusko, A; Kalcher, S; Kalinak, P; Kalisky, M; Kalliokoski, T; Kalweit, A; Kamermans, R; Kanaki, K; Kang, E; Kang, J H; Kaplin, V; Karavichev, O; Karavicheva, T; Karpechev, E; Kazantsev, A; Kebschull, U; Keidel, R; Khan, M M; Khan, S A; Khanzadeev, A; Kharlov, Y; Kileng, B; Kim, D J; Kim, D S; Kim, D W; Kim, H N; Kim, J H; Kim, J S; Kim, M; Kim, M; Kim, S; Kim, S H; Kirsch, S; Kisel, I; Kiselev, S; Kisiel, A; Klay, J L; Klein, J; Klein-Bosing, C; Kliemant, M; Klovning, A; Kluge, A; Knichel, M L; Koch, K; Kohler, M; Kolevatov, R; Kolojvari, A; Kondratiev, V; Kondratyeva, N; Konevskih, A; Kornas, E; Kottachchi Kankanamge Don, C; Kour, R; Kowalski, M; Kox, S; Koyithatta Meethaleveedu, G; Kozlov, K; Kral, J; Kralik, I; Kramer, F; Kraus, I; Krawutschke, T; Kretz, M; Krivda, M; Krizek, F; Krumbhorn, D; Krus, M; Kryshen, E; Krzewicki, M; Kucheriaev, Y; Kuhn, C; Kuijer, P G; Kurashvili, P; Kurepin, A; Kurepin, A B; Kuryakin, A; Kushpil, S; Kushpil, V; Kweon, M J; Kwon, Y; La Rocca, P; Ladron de Guevara, P; Lafage, V; Lara, C; Lardeux, A; Larsen, D T; Lazzeroni, C; Le Bornec, Y; Lea, R; Lee, K S; Lee, S C; Lefevre, F; Lehnert, J; Leistam, L; Lenhardt, M; Lenti, V; Leon Monzon, I; Leon Vargas, H; Levai, P; Li, X; Lien, J; Lietava, R; Lindal, S; Lindenstruth, V; Lippmann, C; Lisa, M A; Liu, L; Loenne, P I; Loggins, V R; Loginov, V; Lohn, S; Loizides, C; Loo, K K; Lopez, X; Lopez Noriega, M; Lopez Torres, E; Lovhoiden, G; Lu, X G; Luettig, P; Lunardon, M; Luparello, G; Luquin, L; Luzzi, C; Ma, K; Ma, R; Madagodahettige-Don, D M; Maevskaya, A; Mager, M; Mahapatra, D P; Maire, A; Mal'Kevich, D; Malaev, M; Maldonado Cervantes, I; Malinina, L; Malzacher, P; Mamonov, A; Manceau, L; Mangotra, L; Manko, V; Manso, F; Manzari, V; Mao, Y; Mares, J; Margagliotti, G V; Margotti, A; Marin, A; Markert, C; Martashvili, I; Martinengo, P; Martinez, M I; Martinez Davalos, A; Martinez Garcia, G; Martynov, Y; Masciocchi, S; Masera, M; Masoni, A; Massacrier, L; Mastromarco, M; Mastroserio, A; Matthews, Z L; Matyja, A; Mayani, D; Mayer, C; Mazza, G; Mazzoni, M A; Meddi, F; Menchaca-Rocha, A; Mendez Lorenzo, P; Menis, I; Mercado Perez, J; Meres, M; Mereu, P; Miake, Y; Midori, J; Milano, L; Milosevic, J; Mischke, A; Miskowiec, D; Mitu, C; Mlynarz, J; Mohanty, A K; Mohanty, B; Molnar, L; Montano Zetina, L; Monteno, M; Montes, E; Morando, M; Moreira De Godoy, D A; Moretto, S; Morsch, A; Muccifora, V; Mudnic, E; Muhuri, S; Muller, H; Munhoz, M G; Munoz, J; Musa, L; Musso, A; Nandi, B K; Nania, R; Nappi, E; Nattrass, C; Navach, F; Navin, S; Nayak, T K; Nazarenko, S; Nazarov, G; Nedosekin, A; Nendaz, F; Newby, J; Nicassio, M; Nielsen, B S; Niida, T; Nikolaev, S; Nikolic, V; Nikulin, S; Nikulin, V; Nilsen, B S; Nilsson, M S; Noferini, F; Nooren, G; Novitzky, N; Nyanin, A; Nyatha, A; Nygaard, C; Nystrand, J; Obayashi, H; Ochirov, A; Oeschler, H; Oh, S K; Oleniacz, J; Oppedisano, C; Ortiz Velasquez, A; Ortona, G; Oskarsson, A; Ostrowski, P; Otterlund, I; Otwinowski, J; Oyama, K; Ozawa, K; Pachmayer, Y; Pachr, M; Padilla, F; Pagano, P; Jayarathna, S P; Paic, G; Painke, F; Pajares, C; Pal, S; Pal, S K; Palaha, A; Palmeri, A; Pappalardo, G S; Park, W J; Patalakha, D I; Paticchio, V; Pavlinov, A; Pawlak, T; Peitzmann, T; Peresunko, D; Perez Lara, C E; Perini, D; Perrino, D; Peryt, W; Pesci, A; Peskov, V; Pestov, Y; Peters, A J; Petracek, V; Petran, M; Petris, M; Petrov, P; Petrovici, M; Petta, C; Piano, S; Piccotti, A; Pikna, M; Pillot, P; Pinazza, O; Pinsky, L; Pitz, N; Piuz, F; Piyarathna, D B; Platt, R; Ploskon, M; Pluta, J; Pocheptsov, T; Pochybova, S; Podesta-Lerma, P L M; Poghosyan, M G; Polak, K; Polichtchouk, B; Pop, A; Porteboeuf, S; Pospisil, V; Potukuchi, B; Prasad, S K; Preghenella, R; Prino, F; Pruneau, C A; Pshenichnov, I; Puddu, G; Pulvirenti, A; Punin, V; Putis, M; Putschke, J; Quercigh, E; Qvigstad, H; Rachevski, A; Rademakers, A; Rademakers, O; Radomski, S; Raiha, T S; Rak, J; Rakotozafindrabe, A; Ramello, L; Ramirez Reyes, A; Rammler, M; Raniwala, R; Raniwala, S; Rasanen, S S; Read, K F; Real, J; Redlich, K; Renfordt, R; Reolon, A R; Reshetin, A; Rettig, F; Revol, J P; Reygers, K; Ricaud, H; Riccati, L; Ricci, R A; Richter, M; Riedler, P; Riegler, W; Riggi, F; Rodriguez Cahuantzi, M; Rohr, D; Rohrich, D; Romita, R; Ronchetti, F; Rosinsky, P; Rosnet, P; Rossegger, S; Rossi, A; Roukoutakis, F; Rousseau, S; Roy, C; Roy, P; Rubio Montero, A J; Rui, R; Rivetti, A; Rusanov, I; Ryabinkin, E; Rybicki, A; Sadovsky, S; Safarik, K; Sahoo, R; Sahu, P K; Saini, J; Saiz, P; Sakai, S; Sakata, D; Salgado, C A; Samanta, T; Sambyal, S; Samsonov, V; Sanchez Castro, X; Sandor, L; Sandoval, A; Sano, M; Sano, S; Santo, R; Santoro, R; Sarkamo, J; Saturnini, P; Scapparone, E; Scarlassara, F; Scharenberg, R P; Schiaua, C; Schicker, R; Schmidt, C; Schmidt, H R; Schreiner, S; Schuchmann, S; Schukraft, J; Schutz, Y; Schwarz, K; Schweda, K; Scioli, G; Scomparin, E; Scott, P A; Scott, R; Segato, G; Selyuzhenkov, I; Senyukov, S; Seo, J; Serci, S; Serradilla, E; Sevcenco, A; Sgura, I; Shabratova, G; Shahoyan, R; Sharma, N; Sharma, S; Shigaki, K; Shimomura, M; Shtejer, K; Sibiriak, Y; Siciliano, M; Sicking, E; Siemiarczuk, T; Silenzi, A; Silvermyr, D; Simonetti, G; Singaraju, R; Singh, R; Singhal, V; Sinha, B C; Sinha, T; Sitar, B; Sitta, M; Skaali, T B; Skjerdal, K; Smakal, R; Smirnov, N; Snellings, R; Sogaard, C; Soloviev, A; Soltz, R; Son, H; Song, J; Song, M; Soos, C; Soramel, F; Spyropoulou-Stassinaki, M; Srivastava, B K; Stachel, J; Stan, I; Stefanek, G; Stefanini, G; Steinbeck, T; Steinpreis, M; Stenlund, E; Steyn, G; Stocco, D; Stock, R; Stokkevag, C H; Stolpovskiy, M; Strmen, P; Suaide, A A P; Subieta Vasquez, M A; Sugitate, T; Suire, C; Sukhorukov, M; Sumbera, M; Susa, T; Swoboda, D; Symons, T J M; Szanto de Toledo, A; Szarka, I; Szostak, A; Tagridis, C; Takahashi, J; Tapia Takaki, J D; Tauro, A; Tavlet, M; Tejeda Munoz, G; Telesca, A; Terrevoli, C; Thader, J; Thomas, D; Thomas, J H; Tieulent, R; Timmins, A R; Tlusty, D; Toia, A; Torii, H; Toscano, L; Tosello, F; Traczyk, T; Truesdale, D; Trzaska, W H; Tsuji, T; Tumkin, A; Turrisi, R; Turvey, A J; Tveter, T S; Ulery, J; Ullaland, K; Uras, A; Urban, J; Urciuoli, G M; Usai, G L; Vacchi, A; Vajzer, M; Vala, M; Valencia Palomo, L; Vallero, S; van der Kolk, N; van Leeuwen, M; Vande Vyvre, P; Vannucci, L; Vargas, A; Varma, R; Vasileiou, M; Vasiliev, A; Vechernin, V; Veldhoen, M; Venaruzzo, M; Vercellin, E; Vergara, S; Vernekohl, D C; Vernet, R; Verweij, M; Vickovic, L; Viesti, G; Vikhlyantsev, O; Vilakazi, Z; Villalobos Baillie, O; Vinogradov, A; Vinogradov, L; Vinogradov, Y; Virgili, T; Viyogi, Y P; Vodopyanov, A; Voloshin, K; Voloshin, S; Volpe, G; von Haller, B; Vranic, D; Ovrebekk, G; Vrlakova, J; Vulpescu, B; Vyushin, A; Wagner, B; Wagner, V; Wan, R; Wang, D; Wang, Y; Wang, Y; Watanabe, K; Wessels, J P; Westerhoff, U; Wiechula, J; Wikne, J; Wilde, M; Wilk, A; Wilk, G; Williams, M C S; Windelband, B; Xaplanteris Karampatsos, L; Yang, H; Yang, S; Yasnopolskiy, S; Yi, J; Yin, Z; Yokoyama, H; Yoo, I K; Yu, W; Yuan, X; Yushmanov, I; Zabrodin, E; Zach, C; Zampolli, C; Zaporozhets, S; Zarochentsev, A; Zavada, P; Zaviyalov, N; Zbroszczyk, H; Zelnicek, P; Zenin, A; Zgura, I; Zhalov, M; Zhang, X; Zhou, D; Zichichi, A; Zinovjev, G; Zoccarato, Y; Zynovyev, M

    2010-01-01

    The first measurement of the charged-particle multiplicity density at mid-rapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair sqrt(sNN) = 2.76 TeV is presented. For an event sample corresponding to the most central 5% of the hadronic cross section the pseudo-rapidity density of primary charged particles at mid-rapidity is 1584 +- 4 (stat) +- 76 (sys.), which corresponds to 8.3 +- 0.4 (sys.) per participating nucleon pair. This represents an increase of about a factor 1.9 relative to pp collisions at similar collision energies, and about a factor 2.2 to central Au-Au collisions at sqrt(sNN) = 0.2 TeV. This measurement provides the first experimental constraint for models of nucleus-nucleus collisions at LHC energies.

  16. Bismuth zinc vanadate, BiZn{sub 2}VO{sub 6}: New crystal structure type and electronic structure

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Eliziario Nunes, Sayonara [Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE (United Kingdom); Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP (Brazil); Wang, Chun-Hai; So, Karwei; Evans, John S.O. [Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE (United Kingdom); Evans, Ivana Radosavljević, E-mail: ivana.radosavljevic@durham.ac.uk [Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE (United Kingdom)

    2015-02-15

    We report a combined experimental and computational study of the crystal structure and electronic properties of bismuth zinc vanadate, BiZn{sub 2}VO{sub 6}, known for its visible light photocatalytic activity. The crystal structure has been solved from laboratory powder X-ray diffraction data using the repeated minimisations from random starting values method. BiZn{sub 2}VO{sub 6} adopts a new structure type, based on the following building blocks: corner- and edge-sharing ZnO{sub 4} tetrahedra, ZnO{sub 6} octahedra and VO{sub 4} tetrahedra, and Bi{sub 2}O{sub 12} dimers. It is the only known member of the BiM{sub 2}AO{sub 6} (M=Pb, Ca, Cd, Mn, Zn, Mg, Cu; A=V, P, As) family which does not appear to be structurally closely related to others. The electronic structure of BiZn{sub 2}VO{sub 6}, calculated by DFT methods, shows that it is an indirect gap semiconductor with a calculated band gap of 1.6 eV, which compares favourably to the experimentally measured value of 2.4 eV. - Graphical abstract: The crystal structure of BiZn{sub 2}VO{sub 6}, a new structure type in the BiM{sub 2}AO{sub 6} (M=Mg, Ca, Cd, Cu, Pb, Mn, Zn; A=V, P, As) family. - Highlights: • Structure solution from PXRD data by repeated minimisations from random starting values. • New structure type in the BiM{sub 2}AO{sub 6} (M=Pb, Ca, Cd, Mn, Zn, Mg, Cu; A=V, P, As) family. • Electronic structure calculation.

  17. Bose-Einstein correlations in pp and PbPb collisions with ALICE at the LHC

    CERN Multimedia

    CERN. Geneva

    2011-01-01

    We report on the results of identical pion femtoscopy at the LHC. The Bose-Einstein correlation analysis was performed on the large-statistics ALICE p+p at sqrt{s}= 0.9 TeV and 7 TeV datasets collected during 2010 LHC running and the first Pb+Pb dataset at sqrt{s_NN}= 2.76 TeV. Detailed pion femtoscopy studies in heavy-ion collisions have shown that emission region sizes ("HBT radii") decrease with increasing pair momentum, which is understood as a manifestation of the collective behavior of matter. 3D radii were also found to universally scale with event multiplicity. In p+p collisions at 7 TeV one measures multiplicities which are comparable with those registered in peripheral AuAu and CuCu collisions at RHIC, so direct comparisons and tests of scaling laws are now possible. We show the results of double-differential 3D pion HBT analysis, as a function of multiplicity and pair momentum. The results for two collision energies are compared to results obtained in the heavy-ion collisions at similar multipl...

  18. Experimental and theoretical studies of the yields of residual product nuclei produced in thin Pb and Bi targets irradiated by 40 - 2600 MeV protons

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Titarenko, Yu. E.; Batyaev, V.F.; Karpikhin, E.I.; Zhivun, V.M.; Ignatyuk, A.V.; Lunev, V.P.; Titarenko, N.N.; Shubin, Yu.N.; Barashenkov, V.S.

    2009-10-01

    The Project is aimed at experimental determining and computer-aided theoretical simulating the independent and cumulative yields of residual radioactive product nuclei in high-energy protonirradiated thin targets made of high-isotopic and natural lead ( 206 Pb, 207 Pb, 208 PB, natPb) and bismuth ( 209 Bi) that are the most probable choice to be the target materials in the acceleratordriven (hybrid) systems (ADS) coupled to a high-current proton accelerator. The yields of residual product nuclei are of great importance when estimating such basic radiation-technology characteristics of the hybrid facility targets as the total target activity, the target 'poisoning', the buildup of long-lived nuclides, the α-activity, the content of low-pressure evaporated nuclides (Hg), the content of the chemically-active nuclides that drastically spoil the corrosion resistance of the facility structure materials, etc. In view of the above, the radioactive product nuclide yields from targets materials were experimentally determined using the ITEP U-10 proton accelerator in 55 measurement runs using the monoisotopic and natural lead ( 206 Pb, 207 Pb, 208 PB, natPb) and bismuth ( 209 Bi) targets within the proton energy range fractionated minutely, namely at 0.04, 0.07, 0.10, 0.8, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, and 2.6 GeV to cover the entire range of the internuclear hadron cascading. As a result, 5972 cumulative and independent yields of residual radioactive product nuclei, whose lifetimes range from 8 minutes to 32 years, have been measured. Besides, the cross sections for the 27 Al(p,x) 24 Na and 27 Al(p,x)7Be monitor reactions have been measured at the same proton energies together with the 27 Al(n,p) 27 Mg reaction rate that characterizes the neutron background contributions in each experiment. The experimental nuclide yields are determined by the direct γ-spectrometry method. The γ-spectrometer resolution is 1.8 keV in the 1332 keV 60 Co γ-line. The experimental γ-spectra are processed by

  19. Anomalous atomic displacement parameters and local dynamics in the Curie range of a Pb-free relaxor ferroelectric system (Bi1-xBax)(Fe1-xTix)O3(0.36 ≤ x ≤ 0.50)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Singh, Anar; Moriyoshi, Chikako; Kuroiwa, Yoshihiro; Pandey, Dhananjai

    2018-04-01

    We report here the relaxor ferroelectric (RFE) behaviour in a multiferroic solid solution system, (Bi1-xBax)(Fe1-xTix)O3, at a critical disorder level of xC ˜ 0.35 in BiFeO3 and 0.65 (i.e., 1-xC = 0.35) in BaTiO3 similar to the 1:2 ratio of Mg2+ and Nb5+ in the canonical RFE Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3. This Pb-free system, like canonical Pb-based RFEs, does not exhibit macroscopic symmetry breaking and shows only the signatures of ergodicity breaking at Vogel-Fulcher freezing temperature (TVF). The atomic displacement parameters (ADPs) of Fe3+/Ti4+ and O2-, obtained using high wave vector (Q) and high-resolution synchrotron x-ray diffraction data as a function of temperature, show anomalous diffuse peaks in the Curie range. It is shown that the diffuse peak in ADPs is due to softening of the vibrational frequencies of the B-O chain (B = Fe3+/Ti4+ and O = O2-) below the Burns temperature (TB) followed by hardening below the characteristic temperature (T'm), which corresponds to a peak in the dielectric permittivity (ɛ').

  20. Crystal Structure of AgBi2I7 Thin Films.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xiao, Zewen; Meng, Weiwei; Mitzi, David B; Yan, Yanfa

    2016-10-06

    Synthesis of cubic-phase AgBi 2 I 7 iodobismuthate thin films and fabrication of air-stable Pb-free solar cells using the AgBi 2 I 7 absorber have recently been reported. On the basis of X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and nominal composition, it was suggested that the synthesized films have a cubic ThZr 2 H 7 crystal structure with AgBi 2 I 7 stoichiometry. Through careful examination of the proposed structure and computational evaluation of the phase stability and bandgap, we find that the reported "AgBi 2 I 7 " films cannot be forming with the ThZr 2 H 7 -type structure, but rather more likely adopt an Ag-deficient AgBiI 4 type. Both the experimental X-ray diffraction pattern and bandgap can be better explained by the AgBiI 4 structure. Additionally, the proposed AgBiI 4 structure, with octahedral bismuth coordination, removes unphysically short Bi-I bonding within the [BiI 8 ] hexahedra of the ThZr 2 I 7 model. Our results provide critical insights for assessing the photovoltaic properties of AgBi 2 I 7 iodobismuthate materials.

  1. Effect of lead addition on the formation of superconducting phases in Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O ceramics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Martinelli, A.E.

    1991-01-01

    Superconducting ceramics with starting composition Bi 2 - x Pb x Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O y (0,0 ≤ X ≤ 0,6) were prepared in order to investigate the effects of partial substitution of Pb for Bi and sintering time and atmosphere in the formation of superconducting phases. For all samples X-ray diffraction analyses were performed to estimate the amount of superconducting phases; superconductivity was analysed by dc electrical resistance and ac magnetic susceptibility measurements. The main results show that: a) the longer the sintering time (up to 168 h), the larger the volume fraction of superconducting phases with critical temperature (T c ) greater than the temperature of nitrogen liquefaction; b) by partially substituting Pb for Bi it is possible to restrain the formation of 2212 phase (T c = 80 K) and to enhance the amount of 2223 phase (T c = 105 K); C) a heat treatment under oxygen atmosphere before sintering enhances the formation of 2223 phase. (author)

  2. Limits to the critical transport current in superconducting (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 silver-sheathed tapes: The railway-switch model

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hensel, B.; Grasso, G.; Fluekiger, R.

    1995-01-01

    We have proposed the ''railway-switch'' model to describe the superconducting transport current in (Bi,Pb) 2 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 10 silver-sheathed tapes. The model assumes that in the textured polycrystalline filament the frequent small-angle c-axis tilt grain boundaries (''railway switches'') constitute strong links for the supercurrent. With the objective to identify the mechanisms that limit the critical-current density in the tapes we present measurements of the transport critical current normal to the tape plane and of the current-transfer length along the tape axis. From I-V curves we obtain the longitudinal critical-current distribution and compare it to the thickness variation of the filament. The experiments have been performed on monofilamentary powder-in-tube samples prepared in long lengths by rolling as the only tape-forming process. For all investigated samples the critical-current density at T=77 K in self-field was in the range j c =20--30 kA/cm 2 . We conclude that the dominant limitation for the transport critical current in the tapes is imposed by the low intragrain critical-current density j c c along the c axis (as compared to the in-plane critical-current density j c ab ) and by the even lower critical-current density j c t across twist boundaries or intergrowths. Possibilities for an improvement of the performance of the (Bi,Pb) 2 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 10 silver-sheathed tapes are discussed

  3. Composite metallic sheathes: the key to low-cost, high strength (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10-based tapes?

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Grivel, Jean-Claude

    2007-01-01

    (Bi, Pb)(2)Sr2Ca2Cu3O10-based superconducting tapes were prepared by the powder- in- tube process, using a bimetallic sheath consisting of Ag and Ni. Ag was in contact with the superconducting ceramic core and acted as a protective layer against reaction between the external Ni sheath and the cor...

  4. (BTO) layer on electrical characteristics of Au/nS

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Bi4Ti3O12 (BTO) layer on electrical characteristics of Au/n-Si structures. M YILDIRIM and M ... matched deposition on crystal substrates by various growth methods .... tant electrical parameter, because it causes voltage drop of. IRs across the ...

  5. Production of neutral pions Pb+Au collisions at 158 AGeV/c

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Soualah, Rachik

    2009-06-24

    The direct photons are a particularly useful probe to search for an evidence of the Quark-Gluon Plasma formation in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Direct photons can be extracted experimentally by measuring the large background from {pi}{sup 0} and {eta} meson decays. This thesis work represents the production of the neutral pion mesons measured with the CERES/NA45 experiment at the top SPS energy in 158 AGeV/c Pb-Au collisions. The {pi}{sup 0} {yields} {gamma}{gamma} (98.8%) is the decay channel used in the reconstruction scheme. The {pi}{sup 0} measurement is based on the data taken in the year 2000. The CERES experiment can measure the photons that convert shortly before the TPC by measuring the e{sup +}e{sup -} pairs in the TPC. The RICH2 mirror is the main converter used for this analysis. The presented analysis method describes in more details the selection of the e{sup +} and e{sup -} tracks using only the TPC information to reconstruct the converted photon. A Secondary vertex technique was developed and used to select the photons converted in the RICH2 mirror area. The extraction of the {pi}{sup 0} needs a careful study of the combinatorial background determined using the mixed event technique. The obtained invariant mass distribution of the two photons defined well the {pi}{sup 0} peak. The neutral pion transverse spectra compared to phenomenological models and other experiments validate our analysis method. (orig.)

  6. Event-by-event mean $p_T$ fluctuations in pp and Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC

    CERN Document Server

    Abelev, Betty Bezverkhny; Adamova, Dagmar; Aggarwal, Madan Mohan; Aglieri Rinella, Gianluca; Agnello, Michelangelo; Agostinelli, Andrea; Agrawal, Neelima; Ahammed, Zubayer; Ahmad, Nazeer; Ahmed, Ijaz; Ahn, Sang Un; Ahn, Sul-Ah; Aimo, Ilaria; Aiola, Salvatore; Ajaz, Muhammad; Akindinov, Alexander; Alam, Sk Noor; Aleksandrov, Dmitry; Alessandro, Bruno; Alexandre, Didier; Alici, Andrea; Alkin, Anton; Alme, Johan; Alt, Torsten; Altinpinar, Sedat; Altsybeev, Igor; Alves Garcia Prado, Caio; Andrei, Cristian; Andronic, Anton; Anguelov, Venelin; Anielski, Jonas; Anticic, Tome; Antinori, Federico; Antonioli, Pietro; Aphecetche, Laurent Bernard; Appelshaeuser, Harald; Arcelli, Silvia; Armesto Perez, Nestor; Arnaldi, Roberta; Aronsson, Tomas; Arsene, Ionut Cristian; Arslandok, Mesut; Augustinus, Andre; Averbeck, Ralf Peter; Awes, Terry; Azmi, Mohd Danish; Bach, Matthias Jakob; Badala, Angela; Baek, Yong Wook; Bagnasco, Stefano; Bailhache, Raphaelle Marie; Bala, Renu; Baldisseri, Alberto; Baltasar Dos Santos Pedrosa, Fernando; Baral, Rama Chandra; Barbera, Roberto; Barile, Francesco; Barnafoldi, Gergely Gabor; Barnby, Lee Stuart; Ramillien Barret, Valerie; Bartke, Jerzy Gustaw; Basile, Maurizio; Bastid, Nicole; Basu, Sumit; Bathen, Bastian; Batigne, Guillaume; Batista Camejo, Arianna; Batyunya, Boris; Batzing, Paul Christoph; Baumann, Christoph Heinrich; Bearden, Ian Gardner; Beck, Hans; Bedda, Cristina; Behera, Nirbhay Kumar; Belikov, Iouri; Bellini, Francesca; Bellwied, Rene; Belmont Moreno, Ernesto; Belmont Iii, Ronald John; Belyaev, Vladimir; Bencedi, Gyula; Beole, Stefania; Berceanu, Ionela; Bercuci, Alexandru; Berdnikov, Yaroslav; Berenyi, Daniel; Berger, Martin Emanuel; Bertens, Redmer Alexander; Berzano, Dario; Betev, Latchezar; Bhasin, Anju; Bhat, Inayat Rasool; Bhati, Ashok Kumar; Bhattacharjee, Buddhadeb; Bhom, Jihyun; Bianchi, Livio; Bianchi, Nicola; Bianchin, Chiara; Bielcik, Jaroslav; Bielcikova, Jana; Bilandzic, Ante; Bjelogrlic, Sandro; Blanco, Fernando; Blau, Dmitry; Blume, Christoph; Bock, Friederike; Bogdanov, Alexey; Boggild, Hans; Bogolyubskiy, Mikhail; Boehmer, Felix Valentin; Boldizsar, Laszlo; Bombara, Marek; Book, Julian Heinz; Borel, Herve; Borissov, Alexander; Borri, Marcello; Bossu, Francesco; Botje, Michiel; Botta, Elena; Boettger, Stefan; Braun-Munzinger, Peter; Bregant, Marco; Breitner, Timo Gunther; Broker, Theo Alexander; Browning, Tyler Allen; Broz, Michal; Bruna, Elena; Bruno, Giuseppe Eugenio; Budnikov, Dmitry; Buesching, Henner; Bufalino, Stefania; Buncic, Predrag; Busch, Oliver; Buthelezi, Edith Zinhle; Caffarri, Davide; Cai, Xu; Caines, Helen Louise; Calero Diaz, Liliet; Caliva, Alberto; Calvo Villar, Ernesto; Camerini, Paolo; Carena, Francesco; Carena, Wisla; Castillo Castellanos, Javier Ernesto; Casula, Ester Anna Rita; Catanescu, Vasile Ioan; Cavicchioli, Costanza; Ceballos Sanchez, Cesar; Cepila, Jan; Cerello, Piergiorgio; Chang, Beomsu; Chapeland, Sylvain; Charvet, Jean-Luc Fernand; Chattopadhyay, Subhasis; Chattopadhyay, Sukalyan; Chelnokov, Volodymyr; Cherney, Michael Gerard; Cheshkov, Cvetan Valeriev; Cheynis, Brigitte; Chibante Barroso, Vasco Miguel; Dobrigkeit Chinellato, David; Chochula, Peter; Chojnacki, Marek; Choudhury, Subikash; Christakoglou, Panagiotis; Christensen, Christian Holm; Christiansen, Peter; Chujo, Tatsuya; Chung, Suh-Urk; Cicalo, Corrado; Cifarelli, Luisa; Cindolo, Federico; Cleymans, Jean Willy Andre; Colamaria, Fabio Filippo; Colella, Domenico; Collu, Alberto; Colocci, Manuel; Conesa Balbastre, Gustavo; Conesa Del Valle, Zaida; Connors, Megan Elizabeth; Contreras Nuno, Jesus Guillermo; Cormier, Thomas Michael; Corrales Morales, Yasser; Cortese, Pietro; Cortes Maldonado, Ismael; Cosentino, Mauro Rogerio; Costa, Filippo; Crochet, Philippe; Cruz Albino, Rigoberto; Cuautle Flores, Eleazar; Cunqueiro Mendez, Leticia; Dainese, Andrea; Dang, Ruina; Danu, Andrea; Das, Debasish; Das, Indranil; Das, Kushal; Das, Supriya; Dash, Ajay Kumar; Dash, Sadhana; De, Sudipan; Delagrange, Hugues; Deloff, Andrzej; Denes, Ervin Sandor; D'Erasmo, Ginevra; De Caro, Annalisa; De Cataldo, Giacinto; De Cuveland, Jan; De Falco, Alessandro; De Gruttola, Daniele; De Marco, Nora; De Pasquale, Salvatore; De Rooij, Raoul Stefan; Diaz Corchero, Miguel Angel; Dietel, Thomas; Dillenseger, Pascal; Divia, Roberto; Di Bari, Domenico; Di Liberto, Sergio; Di Mauro, Antonio; Di Nezza, Pasquale; Djuvsland, Oeystein; Dobrin, Alexandru Florin; Dobrowolski, Tadeusz Antoni; Domenicis Gimenez, Diogenes; Donigus, Benjamin; Dordic, Olja; Dorheim, Sverre; Dubey, Anand Kumar; Dubla, Andrea; Ducroux, Laurent; Dupieux, Pascal; Dutt Mazumder, Abhee Kanti; Hilden, Timo Eero; Ehlers Iii, Raymond James; Elia, Domenico; Engel, Heiko; Erazmus, Barbara Ewa; Erdal, Hege Austrheim; Eschweiler, Dominic; Espagnon, Bruno; Esposito, Marco; Estienne, Magali Danielle; Esumi, Shinichi; Evans, David; Evdokimov, Sergey; Fabris, Daniela; Faivre, Julien; Falchieri, Davide; Fantoni, Alessandra; Fasel, Markus; Fehlker, Dominik; Feldkamp, Linus; Felea, Daniel; Feliciello, Alessandro; Feofilov, Grigory; Ferencei, Jozef; Fernandez Tellez, Arturo; Gonzalez Ferreiro, Elena; Ferretti, Alessandro; Festanti, Andrea; Figiel, Jan; Araujo Silva Figueredo, Marcel; Filchagin, Sergey; Finogeev, Dmitry; Fionda, Fiorella; Fiore, Enrichetta Maria; Floratos, Emmanouil; Floris, Michele; Foertsch, Siegfried Valentin; Foka, Panagiota; Fokin, Sergey; Fragiacomo, Enrico; Francescon, Andrea; Frankenfeld, Ulrich Michael; Fuchs, Ulrich; Furget, Christophe; Furs, Artur; Fusco Girard, Mario; Gaardhoeje, Jens Joergen; Gagliardi, Martino; Gago Medina, Alberto Martin; Gallio, Mauro; Gangadharan, Dhevan Raja; Ganoti, Paraskevi; Gao, Chaosong; Garabatos Cuadrado, Jose; Garcia-Solis, Edmundo Javier; Gargiulo, Corrado; Garishvili, Irakli; Gerhard, Jochen; Germain, Marie; Gheata, Andrei George; Gheata, Mihaela; Ghidini, Bruno; Ghosh, Premomoy; Ghosh, Sanjay Kumar; Gianotti, Paola; Giubellino, Paolo; Gladysz-Dziadus, Ewa; Glassel, Peter; Gomez Ramirez, Andres; Gonzalez Zamora, Pedro; Gorbunov, Sergey; Gorlich, Lidia Maria; Gotovac, Sven; Graczykowski, Lukasz Kamil; Grelli, Alessandro; Grigoras, Alina Gabriela; Grigoras, Costin; Grigoryev, Vladislav; Grigoryan, Ara; Grigoryan, Smbat; Grynyov, Borys; Grion, Nevio; Grosse-Oetringhaus, Jan Fiete; Grossiord, Jean-Yves; Grosso, Raffaele; Guber, Fedor; Guernane, Rachid; Guerzoni, Barbara; Guilbaud, Maxime Rene Joseph; Gulbrandsen, Kristjan Herlache; Gulkanyan, Hrant; Gumbo, Mervyn; Gunji, Taku; Gupta, Anik; Gupta, Ramni; Khan, Kamal; Haake, Rudiger; Haaland, Oystein Senneset; Hadjidakis, Cynthia Marie; Haiduc, Maria; Hamagaki, Hideki; Hamar, Gergoe; Hanratty, Luke David; Hansen, Alexander; Harris, John William; Hartmann, Helvi; Harton, Austin Vincent; Hatzifotiadou, Despina; Hayashi, Shinichi; Heckel, Stefan Thomas; Heide, Markus Ansgar; Helstrup, Haavard; Herghelegiu, Andrei Ionut; Herrera Corral, Gerardo Antonio; Hess, Benjamin Andreas; Hetland, Kristin Fanebust; Hippolyte, Boris; Hladky, Jan; Hristov, Peter Zahariev; Huang, Meidana; Humanic, Thomas; Hussain, Nur; Hussain, Tahir; Hutter, Dirk; Hwang, Dae Sung; Ilkaev, Radiy; Ilkiv, Iryna; Inaba, Motoi; Innocenti, Gian Michele; Ionita, Costin; Ippolitov, Mikhail; Irfan, Muhammad; Ivanov, Marian; Ivanov, Vladimir; Jacholkowski, Adam Wlodzimierz; Jacobs, Peter Martin; Jahnke, Cristiane; Jang, Haeng Jin; Janik, Malgorzata Anna; Pahula Hewage, Sandun; Jena, Chitrasen; Jena, Satyajit; Jimenez Bustamante, Raul Tonatiuh; Jones, Peter Graham; Jung, Hyungtaik; Jusko, Anton; Kadyshevskiy, Vladimir; Kalinak, Peter; Kalweit, Alexander Philipp; Kamin, Jason Adrian; Kang, Ju Hwan; Kaplin, Vladimir; Kar, Somnath; Karasu Uysal, Ayben; Karavichev, Oleg; Karavicheva, Tatiana; Karpechev, Evgeny; Kebschull, Udo Wolfgang; Keidel, Ralf; Keijdener, Darius Laurens; Keil, Markus; Khan, Mohammed Mohisin; Khan, Palash; Khan, Shuaib Ahmad; Khanzadeev, Alexei; Kharlov, Yury; Kileng, Bjarte; Kim, Beomkyu; Kim, Do Won; Kim, Dong Jo; Kim, Jinsook; Kim, Mimae; Kim, Minwoo; Kim, Se Yong; Kim, Taesoo; Kirsch, Stefan; Kisel, Ivan; Kiselev, Sergey; Kisiel, Adam Ryszard; Kiss, Gabor; Klay, Jennifer Lynn; Klein, Jochen; Klein-Boesing, Christian; Kluge, Alexander; Knichel, Michael Linus; Knospe, Anders Garritt; Kobdaj, Chinorat; Kofarago, Monika; Kohler, Markus Konrad; Kollegger, Thorsten; Kolozhvari, Anatoly; Kondratev, Valerii; Kondratyeva, Natalia; Konevskikh, Artem; Kovalenko, Vladimir; Kowalski, Marek; Kox, Serge; Koyithatta Meethaleveedu, Greeshma; Kral, Jiri; Kralik, Ivan; Kravcakova, Adela; Krelina, Michal; Kretz, Matthias; Krivda, Marian; Krizek, Filip; Kryshen, Evgeny; Krzewicki, Mikolaj; Kucera, Vit; Kucheryaev, Yury; Kugathasan, Thanushan; Kuhn, Christian Claude; Kuijer, Paulus Gerardus; Kulakov, Igor; Kumar, Jitendra; Kurashvili, Podist; Kurepin, Alexander; Kurepin, Alexey; Kuryakin, Alexey; Kushpil, Svetlana; Kweon, Min Jung; Kwon, Youngil; Ladron De Guevara, Pedro; Lagana Fernandes, Caio; Lakomov, Igor; Langoy, Rune; Lara Martinez, Camilo Ernesto; Lardeux, Antoine Xavier; Lattuca, Alessandra; La Pointe, Sarah Louise; La Rocca, Paola; Lea, Ramona; Leardini, Lucia; Lee, Graham Richard; Legrand, Iosif; Lehnert, Joerg Walter; Lemmon, Roy Crawford; Lenti, Vito; Leogrande, Emilia; Leoncino, Marco; Leon Monzon, Ildefonso; Levai, Peter; Li, Shuang; Lien, Jorgen Andre; Lietava, Roman; Lindal, Svein; Lindenstruth, Volker; Lippmann, Christian; Lisa, Michael Annan; Ljunggren, Hans Martin; Lodato, Davide Francesco; Lonne, Per-Ivar; Loggins, Vera Renee; Loginov, Vitaly; Lohner, Daniel; Loizides, Constantinos; Lopez, Xavier Bernard; Lopez Torres, Ernesto; Lu, Xianguo; Luettig, Philipp Johannes; Lunardon, Marcello; Luparello, Grazia; Ma, Rongrong; Maevskaya, Alla; Mager, Magnus; Mahapatra, Durga Prasad; Mahmood, Sohail Musa; Maire, Antonin; Majka, Richard Daniel; Malaev, Mikhail; Maldonado Cervantes, Ivonne Alicia; Malinina, Liudmila; Mal'Kevich, Dmitry; Malzacher, Peter; Mamonov, Alexander; Manceau, Loic Henri Antoine; Manko, Vladislav; Manso, Franck; Manzari, Vito; Marchisone, Massimiliano; Mares, Jiri; Margagliotti, Giacomo Vito; Margotti, Anselmo; Marin, Ana Maria; Markert, Christina; Marquard, Marco; Martashvili, Irakli; Martin, Nicole Alice; Martinengo, Paolo; Martinez Hernandez, Mario Ivan; Martinez-Garcia, Gines; Martin Blanco, Javier; Martynov, Yevgen; Mas, Alexis Jean-Michel; Masciocchi, Silvia; Masera, Massimo; Masoni, Alberto; Massacrier, Laure Marie; Mastroserio, Annalisa; Matyja, Adam Tomasz; Mayer, Christoph; Mazer, Joel Anthony; Mazzoni, Alessandra Maria; Mcdonald, Daniel; Meddi, Franco; Menchaca-Rocha, Arturo Alejandro; Meninno, Elisa; Mercado-Perez, Jorge; Meres, Michal; Miake, Yasuo; Mikhaylov, Konstantin; Milano, Leonardo; Milosevic, Jovan; Mischke, Andre; Mishra, Aditya Nath; Miskowiec, Dariusz Czeslaw; Mitra, Jubin; Mitu, Ciprian Mihai; Mlynarz, Jocelyn; Mohammadi, Naghmeh; Mohanty, Bedangadas; Molnar, Levente; Montano Zetina, Luis Manuel; Montes Prado, Esther; Morando, Maurizio; Moreira De Godoy, Denise Aparecida; Moretto, Sandra; Morreale, Astrid; Morsch, Andreas; Muccifora, Valeria; Mudnic, Eugen; Muhlheim, Daniel Michael; Muhuri, Sanjib; Mukherjee, Maitreyee; Muller, Hans; Gameiro Munhoz, Marcelo; Murray, Sean; Musa, Luciano; Musinsky, Jan; Nandi, Basanta Kumar; Nania, Rosario; Nappi, Eugenio; Nattrass, Christine; Nayak, Kishora; Nayak, Tapan Kumar; Nazarenko, Sergey; Nedosekin, Alexander; Nicassio, Maria; Niculescu, Mihai; Niedziela, Jeremi; Nielsen, Borge Svane; Nikolaev, Sergey; Nikulin, Sergey; Nikulin, Vladimir; Nilsen, Bjorn Steven; Noferini, Francesco; Nomokonov, Petr; Nooren, Gerardus; Norman, Jaime; Nyanin, Alexander; Nystrand, Joakim Ingemar; Oeschler, Helmut Oskar; Oh, Saehanseul; Oh, Sun Kun; Okatan, Ali; Okubo, Tsubasa; Olah, Laszlo; Oleniacz, Janusz; Oliveira Da Silva, Antonio Carlos; Onderwaater, Jacobus; Oppedisano, Chiara; Ortiz Velasquez, Antonio; Oskarsson, Anders Nils Erik; Otwinowski, Jacek Tomasz; Oyama, Ken; Ozdemir, Mahmut; Sahoo, Pragati; Pachmayer, Yvonne Chiara; Pachr, Milos; Pagano, Paola; Paic, Guy; Pajares Vales, Carlos; Pal, Susanta Kumar; Palmeri, Armando; Pant, Divyash; Papikyan, Vardanush; Pappalardo, Giuseppe; Pareek, Pooja; Park, Woojin; Parmar, Sonia; Passfeld, Annika; Patalakha, Dmitry; Paticchio, Vincenzo; Paul, Biswarup; Pawlak, Tomasz Jan; Peitzmann, Thomas; Pereira Da Costa, Hugo Denis Antonio; Pereira De Oliveira Filho, Elienos; Peresunko, Dmitry Yurevich; Perez Lara, Carlos Eugenio; Pesci, Alessandro; Peskov, Vladimir; Pestov, Yury; Petracek, Vojtech; Petran, Michal; Petris, Mariana; Petrovici, Mihai; Petta, Catia; Piano, Stefano; Pikna, Miroslav; Pillot, Philippe; Pinazza, Ombretta; Pinsky, Lawrence; Piyarathna, Danthasinghe; Ploskon, Mateusz Andrzej; Planinic, Mirko; Pluta, Jan Marian; Pochybova, Sona; Podesta Lerma, Pedro Luis Manuel; Poghosyan, Martin; Pohjoisaho, Esko Heikki Oskari; Polishchuk, Boris; Poljak, Nikola; Pop, Amalia; Porteboeuf, Sarah Julie; Porter, R Jefferson; Potukuchi, Baba; Prasad, Sidharth Kumar; Preghenella, Roberto; Prino, Francesco; Pruneau, Claude Andre; Pshenichnov, Igor; Puccio, Maximiliano; Puddu, Giovanna; Pujahari, Prabhat Ranjan; Punin, Valery; Putschke, Jorn Henning; Qvigstad, Henrik; Rachevski, Alexandre; Raha, Sibaji; Rajput, Sonia; Rak, Jan; Rakotozafindrabe, Andry Malala; Ramello, Luciano; Raniwala, Rashmi; Raniwala, Sudhir; Rasanen, Sami Sakari; Rascanu, Bogdan Theodor; Rathee, Deepika; Rauf, Aamer Wali; Razazi, Vahedeh; Read, Kenneth Francis; Real, Jean-Sebastien; Redlich, Krzysztof; Reed, Rosi Jan; Rehman, Attiq Ur; Reichelt, Patrick Simon; Reicher, Martijn; Reidt, Felix; Renfordt, Rainer Arno Ernst; Reolon, Anna Rita; Reshetin, Andrey; Rettig, Felix Vincenz; Revol, Jean-Pierre; Reygers, Klaus Johannes; Riabov, Viktor; Ricci, Renato Angelo; Richert, Tuva Ora Herenui; Richter, Matthias Rudolph; Riedler, Petra; Riegler, Werner; Riggi, Francesco; Rivetti, Angelo; Rocco, Elena; Rodriguez Cahuantzi, Mario; Rodriguez Manso, Alis; Roeed, Ketil; Rogochaya, Elena; Sharma, Rohni; Rohr, David Michael; Roehrich, Dieter; Romita, Rosa; Ronchetti, Federico; Ronflette, Lucile; Rosnet, Philippe; Rossi, Andrea; Roukoutakis, Filimon; Roy, Ankhi; Roy, Christelle Sophie; Roy, Pradip Kumar; Rubio Montero, Antonio Juan; Rui, Rinaldo; Russo, Riccardo; Ryabinkin, Evgeny; Ryabov, Yury; Rybicki, Andrzej; Sadovskiy, Sergey; Safarik, Karel; Sahlmuller, Baldo; Sahoo, Raghunath; Sahoo, Sarita; Sahu, Pradip Kumar; Saini, Jogender; Sakai, Shingo; Salgado Lopez, Carlos Alberto; Salzwedel, Jai Samuel Nielsen; Sambyal, Sanjeev Singh; Samsonov, Vladimir; Sanchez Castro, Xitzel; Sanchez Rodriguez, Fernando Javier; Sandor, Ladislav; Sandoval, Andres; Sano, Masato; Santagati, Gianluca; Sarkar, Debojit; Scapparone, Eugenio; Scarlassara, Fernando; Scharenberg, Rolf Paul; Schiaua, Claudiu Cornel; Schicker, Rainer Martin; Schmidt, Christian Joachim; Schmidt, Hans Rudolf; Schuchmann, Simone; Schukraft, Jurgen; Schulc, Martin; Schuster, Tim Robin; Schutz, Yves Roland; Schwarz, Kilian Eberhard; Schweda, Kai Oliver; Scioli, Gilda; Scomparin, Enrico; Scott, Rebecca Michelle; Segato, Gianfranco; Seger, Janet Elizabeth; Sekiguchi, Yuko; Selyuzhenkov, Ilya; Senosi, Kgotlaesele; Seo, Jeewon; Serradilla Rodriguez, Eulogio; Sevcenco, Adrian; Shabetai, Alexandre; Shabratova, Galina; Shahoyan, Ruben; Shangaraev, Artem; Sharma, Ankita; Sharma, Natasha; Sharma, Satish; Shigaki, Kenta; Shtejer Diaz, Katherin; Sibiryak, Yury; Siddhanta, Sabyasachi; Siemiarczuk, Teodor; Silvermyr, David Olle Rickard; Silvestre, Catherine Micaela; Simatovic, Goran; Singaraju, Rama Narayana; Singh, Ranbir; Singha, Subhash; Singhal, Vikas; Sinha, Bikash; Sarkar - Sinha, Tinku; Sitar, Branislav; Sitta, Mario; Skaali, Bernhard; Skjerdal, Kyrre; Slupecki, Maciej; Smirnov, Nikolai; Snellings, Raimond; Soegaard, Carsten; Soltz, Ron Ariel; Song, Jihye; Song, Myunggeun; Soramel, Francesca; Sorensen, Soren Pontoppidan; Spacek, Michal; Spiriti, Eleuterio; Sputowska, Iwona Anna; Spyropoulou-Stassinaki, Martha; Srivastava, Brijesh Kumar; Stachel, Johanna; Stan, Ionel; Stefanek, Grzegorz; Steinpreis, Matthew Donald; Stenlund, Evert Anders; Steyn, Gideon Francois; Stiller, Johannes Hendrik; Stocco, Diego; Stolpovskiy, Mikhail; Strmen, Peter; Alarcon Do Passo Suaide, Alexandre; Sugitate, Toru; Suire, Christophe Pierre; Suleymanov, Mais Kazim Oglu; Sultanov, Rishat; Sumbera, Michal; Symons, Timothy; Szabo, Alexander; Szanto De Toledo, Alejandro; Szarka, Imrich; Szczepankiewicz, Adam; Szymanski, Maciej Pawel; Takahashi, Jun; Tangaro, Marco-Antonio; Tapia Takaki, Daniel Jesus; Tarantola Peloni, Attilio; Tarazona Martinez, Alfonso; Tariq, Mohammad; Tarzila, Madalina-Gabriela; Tauro, Arturo; Tejeda Munoz, Guillermo; Telesca, Adriana; Terasaki, Kohei; Terrevoli, Cristina; Thaeder, Jochen Mathias; Thomas, Deepa; Tieulent, Raphael Noel; Timmins, Anthony Robert; Toia, Alberica; Trubnikov, Victor; Trzaska, Wladyslaw Henryk; Tsuji, Tomoya; Tumkin, Alexandr; Turrisi, Rosario; Tveter, Trine Spedstad; Ullaland, Kjetil; Uras, Antonio; Usai, Gianluca; Vajzer, Michal; Vala, Martin; Valencia Palomo, Lizardo; Vallero, Sara; Vande Vyvre, Pierre; Van Der Maarel, Jasper; Van Hoorne, Jacobus Willem; Van Leeuwen, Marco; Diozcora Vargas Trevino, Aurora; Vargyas, Marton; Varma, Raghava; Vasileiou, Maria; Vasiliev, Andrey; Vechernin, Vladimir; Veldhoen, Misha; Velure, Arild; Venaruzzo, Massimo; Vercellin, Ermanno; Vergara Limon, Sergio; Vernet, Renaud; Verweij, Marta; Vickovic, Linda; Viesti, Giuseppe; Viinikainen, Jussi Samuli; Vilakazi, Zabulon; Villalobos Baillie, Orlando; Vinogradov, Alexander; Vinogradov, Leonid; Vinogradov, Yury; Virgili, Tiziano; Vislavicius, Vytautas; Viyogi, Yogendra; Vodopyanov, Alexander; Volkl, Martin Andreas; Voloshin, Kirill; Voloshin, Sergey; Volpe, Giacomo; Von Haller, Barthelemy; Vorobyev, Ivan; Vranic, Danilo; Vrlakova, Janka; Vulpescu, Bogdan; Vyushin, Alexey; Wagner, Boris; Wagner, Jan; Wagner, Vladimir; Wang, Mengliang; Wang, Yifei; Watanabe, Daisuke; Weber, Michael; Weber, Steffen Georg; Wessels, Johannes Peter; Westerhoff, Uwe; Wiechula, Jens; Wikne, Jon; Wilde, Martin Rudolf; Wilk, Grzegorz Andrzej; Wilkinson, Jeremy John; Williams, Crispin; Windelband, Bernd Stefan; Winn, Michael Andreas; Yaldo, Chris G; Yamaguchi, Yorito; Yang, Hongyan; Yang, Ping; Yang, Shiming; Yano, Satoshi; Yasnopolskiy, Stanislav; Yi, Jungyu; Yin, Zhongbao; Yoo, In-Kwon; Yushmanov, Igor; Zaborowska, Anna; Zaccolo, Valentina; Zach, Cenek; Zaman, Ali; Zampolli, Chiara; Zaporozhets, Sergey; Zarochentsev, Andrey; Zavada, Petr; Zavyalov, Nikolay; Zbroszczyk, Hanna Paulina; Zgura, Sorin Ion; Zhalov, Mikhail; Zhang, Haitao; Zhang, Xiaoming; Zhang, Yonghong; Zhao, Chengxin; Zhigareva, Natalia; Zhou, Daicui; Zhou, Fengchu; Zhou, You; Zhou, Zhuo; Zhu, Hongsheng; Zhu, Jianhui; Zhu, Xiangrong; Zichichi, Antonino; Zimmermann, Alice; Zimmermann, Markus Bernhard; Zinovjev, Gennady; Zoccarato, Yannick Denis; Zyzak, Maksym

    2014-10-15

    Event-by-event fluctuations of the mean transverse momentum of charged particles produced in pp collisions at √s = 0.9, 2.76 and 7 TeV, and Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN = 2.76 TeV are studied as a function of the charged-particle multiplicity using the ALICE detector at the LHC. Non-statistical fluctuations are observed in all systems. The results in pp collisions show little dependence on collision energy. The Monte Carlo event generators PYTHIA and PHOJET are in qualitative agreement with the data. Peripheral Pb–Pb data exhibit a similar multiplicity dependence as that observed in pp. In central Pb–Pb, the results deviate from this trend, featuring a significant reduction of the fluctuation strength. The results in Pb–Pb are in qualitative agreement with previous measurements in Au–Au at lower collision energies and with expectations from models that incorporate collective phenomena.

  7. Investigation of evaporation characteristics of polonium and its lighter homologues selenium and tellurium from liquid Pb-Bi-eutecticum

    CERN Document Server

    Neuhausen, J; Eichler, B

    2004-01-01

    The evaporation behaviour of polonium and its lighter homologues selenium and tellurium dissolved in liquid Pb-Bi-eutecticum (LBE) has been studied at various temperatures in the range from 482 K up to 1330 K under Ar/H2 and Ar/H2O-atmospheres using γ-ray spectroscopy. Polonium release in the temperature range of interest for technical applications is slow. Within short term (1h) experiments measurable amounts of polonium are evaporated only at temperatures above 973 K. Long term experiments reveal that a slow evaporation of polonium occurs at temperatures around 873 K resulting in a fractional polonium loss of the melt around 1% per day. Evaporation rates of selenium and tellurium are smaller than those of polonium. The presence of H2O does not enhance the evaporation within the error limits of our experiments. The thermodynamics and possible reaction pathways involved in polonium release from LBE are discussed.

  8. Pb-Pb and U-Pb zircon ages of archean syntetocnic granites of the Carajas metallogenic province, northern Brazil

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Barros, Carlos Eduardo de Mesquita; Sardinha, Alex Souza; Barbosa, Jaime dos Passos de Oliveira; Krimski, Robert; Macambira, Moacir Jose Buenano

    2001-01-01

    The Carajas Metallogenic Province is located in the southeastern Amazonian Craton. It has been divided in two domains, the southernmost comprises the Rio Maria region and the northernmost corresponds to Caraj region (Souza et al. 1996). The former domain is made up of Archean greenstone sequences (2,97 Ga), TTG (2,9 Ga) and calc-alkaline granitoids (2,87 Ga) (Macambira and Lafon 1995, Leite et al. 1999, Althoff et al. 2000). The Carajas block is constituted of minor mafic granulites (3,00 Ga) and quartzofeldspathic gneisses (2,81 Ga), metavolcanosedimentary sequences (2,76 Ga) and granites (2,76 to 2,56 Ga) (Machado et al. 1991; Huhn et al. 1999, Pidgeon et al. 2000). Widespread anorogenic A-type granites are found in both areas (Docegeo 1988; Dall'Agnol et al. 1994). In the last two decades several authors (Lindenamyer et al. 1994, Barros and Barbey 1998, Huhn et al. 1999 and others) have emphasized the role of the Archean granite magmatism in the tectonicthermal evolution in the Carajas Province. In this paper we discuss the tectonic significance of the Pb- Pb and U-Pb ages obtained in some granitoids from the Carajas region. The Estrela Granite Complex and the granitoids located to the north of Parauapebas were dated by Pb- Pb evaporation zircon method (cf. Kober 1987). Data are presented considering 2σ ∼ . The Pb corrections have been done in the basis of the evolution model of Pb in double stage (cf. Stacey and Kramers 1975). U-Pb zircon method (cf. Krogh 1973, Stacey and Kramers 1975, Parrish 1987, Ludwuig 1999), recently put on routine in the Para-Iso laboratories, was employed to date the granite from the Serra do Rabo area. Analyses were carried on the Finnigan Mat 262 spectrometer (au)

  9. Semihard scattering unraveled from collective dynamics by two-pion azimuthal correlations in 158A GeV/c Pb+Au collisions.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Agakichiev, G; Appelshäuser, H; Baur, R; Bielcikova, J; Braun-Munzinger, P; Cherlin, A; Drees, A; Esumi, S I; Filimonov, K; Fraenkel, Z; Fuchs, Ch; Glässel, P; Hering, G; Huovinen, P; Lenkeit, B; Marín, A; Messer, F; Messer, M; Milosevic, J; Miśkowiec, D; Nix, O; Panebrattsev, Yu; Petrácek, V; Pfeiffer, A; Rak, J; Ravinovich, I; Razin, S; Rehak, P; Sako, H; Saveljic, N; Schmitz, W; Shimansky, S; Socol, E; Specht, H J; Stachel, J; Tilsner, H; Tserruya, I; Voigt, C; Voloshin, S; Weber, C; Wessels, J P; Wurm, J P; Yurevich, V

    2004-01-23

    Elliptic flow and two-particle azimuthal correlations of charged hadrons and high-p(T) pions (p(T)>1 GeV/c) have been measured close to midrapidity in 158A GeV/c Pb+Au collisions by the CERES experiment. Elliptic flow (v(2)) rises linearly with p(T) to a value of about 10% at 2 GeV/c. Beyond p(T) approximately 1.5 GeV/c, the slope decreases considerably, possibly indicating a saturation of v(2) at high p(T). Two-pion azimuthal anisotropies for p(T)>1.2 GeV/c exceed the elliptic flow values by about 60% in midcentral collisions. These nonflow contributions are attributed to nearside and back-to-back jetlike correlations, the latter exhibiting centrality dependent broadening.

  10. Semihard scattering unraveled from collective dynamics by two-pion azimuthal correlations in 158A GeV/c Pb + Au collisions

    CERN Document Server

    Agakichiev, G; Baur, R; Bielcikova, J; Braun-Munzinger, P; Cherlin, A; Drees, A; Esumi, S I; Filimonov, K; Fraenkel, Zeev; Fuchs, C; Glässel, P; Hering, G; Huovinen, P; Lenkeit, B C; Marin, A; Messer, F; Messer, M; Milosevic, J; Miskowiec, D; Nix, O; Panebratsev, Yu A; Petracek, V; Pfeiffer, A; Rak, J; Ravinovich, I; Razin, S; Rehak, P; Sako, H; Saveljic, N; Schmitz, W; Shimansky, S S; Socol, E; Specht, H J; Stachel, J; Tilsner, H; Tserruya, Itzhak; Voigt, C A; Voloshin, S A; Weber, C; Wessels, J P; Wurm, J P; Yurevich, V

    2004-01-01

    Elliptic flow and two-particle azimuthal correlations of charged hadrons and high-$p_{T}$ pions ($p_{T}>$1 GeV/c) have been measured close to midrapidity in 158A GeV/c Pb + Au collisions by the CERES experiment. Elliptic flow ($v_{2}$) rises linearly with $p_{T}$ to a value of about 10% at 2 GeV/c. Beyond $p_{T} \\approx $1.5 Ge V/c, the slope decreases considerably, possibly indicating a saturation of $v_{2}$ at high $p_{T}$. Two-pion azimuthal anisotropies for $p_{T} >$1.2 GeV/c exceed the elliptic flow values by about 60% in midcentral collisions. These nonflow contributions are attributed to nearside and back-to-back jetlike correlations, the latter exhibiting centrality dependent broadening.

  11. Low-mass dielectron production in Pb - Au collisions at 158 AGeV using the upgraded CERES spectrometer

    CERN Document Server

    Cherlin, Alexander

    This thesis deals with the measurements and results of inclusive $e^{+}e^{-}$ pair production in ultra-relativistic Pb - Au collisions at 158 AGeV . The measurements were performed in the framework of the CERES experiment at the CERN SPS. The main aim for studying ultra-relativistic collisions of heavy ions is to investigate the behavior of nuclear matter under extreme conditions of density and temperature. Lattice QCD calculations predict that under conditions of suciently high temperature and/or baryon density the quark and gluon degrees of freedom, usually conned within hadrons, are liberated. This state of matter is called the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). Another phenomenon associated with the QGP phase transition is the restoration of the spontaneously broken chiral symmetry. Lepton pairs are unique probes of the initial reball. Since they interact only electromagnetically, they have a long mean free path and can leave the interaction region without any additional interactions carrying direct information on...

  12. Microstructural and magneto-transport properties of Bi{sub 1.6}Pb{sub 0.4}Sr{sub 2}Ca{sub 1−x}Gd{sub x}Cu{sub 2}O{sub 8+δ} superconducting ceramics

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Boudjadja, Y., E-mail: yazid.bouj@Gmail.com [NDT Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Technology, Jijel University, Jijel 18000 (Algeria); Amira, A.; Mahamdioua, N.; Saoudel, A. [NDT Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Technology, Jijel University, Jijel 18000 (Algeria); Menassel, S. [MSAR Unit, Physics Department, Constantine 1 University, Constantine 25017 (Algeria); Varilci, A.; Terzioglu, C.; Altintas, S.P. [Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, AIB University, Bolu 14280 (Turkey)

    2017-01-15

    This study aims to investigate the effect of Gd doping on the phase formation, microstructure, transport and magnetic properties of the Bi(Pb)-2212 system. A series of superconducting bulks with a nominal composition of Bi{sub 1.6}Pb{sub 0.4}Sr{sub 2}Ca{sub 1−x}Gd{sub x}Cu{sub 2}O{sub 8+δ} with x=0, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15 are synthesized by the solid state synthesis route. The formed samples are characterized by means of X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS), electrical transport and magnetic measurements. The experiment results reveal that all the samples doped are composed of Bi-2212 phase and traces of Bi-2201 secondary phase when compared to the undoped sample. The refinement of cell parameters shows that the doping reduces the cell volume of the samples. The texture degree decreases with doping while the degree of orthorhombicity increases. Quantitative EDS analysis confirms that Gd atoms are successfully introduced into crystalline structure. The SEM micrographs show randomly distributed grains with a flake-like shape. The highest value of onset critical transition temperatures is obtained for x=0.10 and is about 90.22 K, which correlates well with the observed slope of resistivity and the hole concentration of the CuO{sub 2} layers. Magnetic hysteresis loops suggest that the diamagnetism, remanant magnetization and lower critical field are better for x=0.10. Based on the enhancements of both grain boundary weak-links and flux pinning centers, improvement of the critical current densities and flux pinning density is obtained with this kind of doping.

  13. Optical non-linearity tuning in Ca{sub 8-x}Pb{sub x}MBi(VO{sub 4}){sub 7} whitlockite-type systems

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Beskorovaynaya, Daria A., E-mail: darya.beskorovajnaya@list.ru [Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow (Russian Federation); Department of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas, 119991 Moscow (Russian Federation); Deyneko, Dina V. [Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow (Russian Federation); Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography RAS, 119333 Moscow (Russian Federation); Baryshnikova, Oksana V. [Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow (Russian Federation); Stefanovich, Sergey Yu. [Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow (Russian Federation); L.Ya. Karpov Institute of Physical Chemistry, 105064 Moscow (Russian Federation); Lazoryak, Bogdan I. [Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow (Russian Federation)

    2016-07-25

    Ca{sub 8-x}Pb{sub x}MBi(VO{sub 4}){sub 7}, M{sup 2+} = Mg{sup 2+}, Zn{sup 2+} (0 ≤ x ≤ 1.5) and M{sup 2+} = Ca{sup 2+}, Cd{sup 2+} (0 ≤ x ≤ 2) solid solutions with whitlockite-type structure have been prepared by solid state reactions in the form of powders and ceramics. Ferroelectric phase transitions (FPT) are revealed in the cause of dielectric, calorimetric and temperature second harmonic generation (SHG) investigations. It is found that ferroelectric Curie points in solid solutions decrease with x from 1000–1070 K to 730–800 K. The intensity of SHG firstly increases with x and then decreases, the highest SHG signal belongs to Ca{sub 7}PbCdBi(VO{sub 4}){sub 7} and Ca{sub 6.5}Pb{sub 1.5}CdBi(VO{sub 4}){sub 7}. Variation of Pb{sup 2+} concentration is shown to have a minor influence on the coherence length, therefore the SHG augmentation in solid solutions is attributed to optical nonlinear coefficient . The structure of Ca{sub 6.5}Pb{sub 1.5}MgBi(VO{sub 4}){sub 7} is resolved and crystal structure changes in solid solutions are analyzed. The results are interpreted in view of site occupancy by two- and trivalent cations and their influence on formation of spare space essential for Pb{sup 2+} and Bi{sup 3+} non-bonded electrons stereo-activity in whitlockite-type crystal structures. For the first time contribution to optical nonlinearity from VO{sub 4}{sup 3−} anionic groups in different positions is also discussed. - Highlights: • The Curie temperatures of ferroelectric Ca{sub 8-x}Pb{sub x}MBi(VO{sub 4}){sub 7} solid solutions are chemically controlled from 1070 down to 730–800 K. • Optical SHG non-linear coefficient in Ca{sub 8-x}Pb{sub x}MBi(VO{sub 4}) strongly increase up to 3.3 pm/V at an optimized Pb and Bi concentration. • Structure-property correlations in the whitlockites includes crystal site positions occupancy by two- and trivalent cations.

  14. Inhomogeneous electronic structures in heavily Pb-doped Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}CaCu{sub 2}O{sub y} single crystals probed by low temperature STM/STS

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kinoda, Go; Nakao, Shoichiro; Motohashi, Teruki; Nakayama, Yuri; Shimizu, Keisuke; Shimoyama, Junichi; Kishio, Koji; Hanaguri, Tetsuo; Kitazawa, Koichi; Hasegawa, Tetsuya

    2003-05-15

    We have performed cryogenic scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) of heavily Pb-doped Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}CaCu{sub 2}O{sub y} single crystals to investigate local electronic structures in the overdoped regime. The obtained STM/STS results at 4.3 K clearly showed local inhomogeneity of gap structure {delta} ({delta}=20-60 meV) in a scale of several nm, suggesting the coexistence of superconducting and pseudogap-like regions, even in the overdoped regime.

  15. Raman scattering study of phonons in Bi-based superconductor thin films

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mejia-Garcia, C.; Diaz-Valdes, E.; Contreras-Puente, G.; Lopez-Lopez, J.L.; Jergel, M.; Morales, A.

    2004-01-01

    Raman spectra were obtained from samples of Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O (BPSCCO) thin films after varying several growth parameters, such as covering material, annealing time (t R ), annealing temperature (T R ), and nominal lead content (x). Thin films with the nominal composition Bi 1.4 Pb x Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O δ were grown on MgO substrates by a spray pyrolysis technique, followed by a solid state reaction. The results of Raman scattering measurements at room temperature show a series of vibrational optical modes within the range 300-900 cm -1 . The assignment of these modes was made by involving mainly the 2212 and 2223 phases and was confirmed by both X-ray diffraction and resistance in dependence of the temperature (R-T) measurements as well

  16. Calculation of neutron cross sections for sup 9 sup 0 Zr, sup 2 sup 0 sup 8 Pb and sup 2 sup 0 sup 9 Bi in the energy range of 0.5-25 MeV by using the optical model potentials

    CERN Document Server

    Miah, M M H; Faruque, M R I

    2003-01-01

    Neutron total cross sections and differential elastic scattering cross sections for the nuclides sup 9 sup 0 Zr, sup 2 sup 0 sup 8 Pb and sup 2 sup 0 sup 9 Bi were calculated using different global spherical optical potential (SOP) parameter sets at neutron energies from 0.5-25 MeV. Calculated cross sections for the corresponding nuclides were compared with their experimental data obtained by the EXFOR file to select the best fit parameter sets. It is found that the parameter sets of Ferer Rapaport for sup 9 sup 0 Zr and Bechetti and Greenless for sup 2 sup 0 sup 8 Pb and sup 2 sup 0 sup 9 Bi are the best fitted set to obtain the experimental data of total cross sections and angular distributions of these nuclides. (author)

  17. OXIDACIÓN ELECTROQUÍMICA DE LAMBDACIALOTRINA SOBRE ELECTRODOS DE PBO2-BI

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leonardo Cifuentes

    2015-09-01

    Full Text Available The electrochemical oxidation of lambdacyhalotrin in a triton X-100 water solution on a PbO2-Bi electrode has been studied. It was discovered that electrocatalytic degradation proceeded through the Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H mechanism. The Langmuir adsorption equilibrium constant of the organic compound on the PbO2-Bi surface (0.67 (±0.02 mg-1L and the L-H maximum reaction rate for lambdacyhalotrin oxidation (0.040 (±0.002 mg L-1 min-1 was also determined on the basis of kinetic data. Oxidation/mineralization was tested at electrode potential higher than 2.3 V vs. Ag/AgCl, in this conditions the higher degradation percent of 85 (±4 % has been obtained.

  18. Evaluation of matrix effect on the determination of rare earth elements and As, Bi, Cd, Pb, Se and In in honey and pollen of native Brazilian bees (Tetragonisca angustula - Jataí) by Q-ICP-MS.

    Science.gov (United States)

    de Oliveira, Fernanda Ataide; de Abreu, Adriana Trópia; de Oliveira Nascimento, Nathália; Froes-Silva, Roberta Eliane Santos; Antonini, Yasmine; Nalini, Hermínio Arias; de Lena, Jorge Carvalho

    2017-01-01

    Bees are considered the main pollinators in natural and agricultural environments. Chemical elements from honey and pollen have been used for monitoring the environment, the health of bees and the quality of their products. Nevertheless, there are not many studies on honey and pollen of native Brazilian bees. The goal of this work was to determine important chemical elements (Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Lu and Yb) along with As, Bi, Cd, Pb, Se and In, in honey and pollen of native Brazilian bees, assessing analytical interferences from the matrix. A proposed analytical method was developed for these elements by quadrupole ICP-MS. Matrix effect was verified in honey matrix in the quantification of As, Bi and Dy; and in pollen matrix for Bi, Cd, Ce, Gd, La, Pb and Sc. The quality of the method was considered satisfactory taking into consideration the recovery rate of each element in the spiked solutions: honey matrix (91.6-103.9%) and pollen matrix (94.1-115.6%). The quantification limits of the method ranged between 0.00041 and 10.3μgL -1 for honey and 0.00041-0.095μgL -1 for pollen. The results demonstrate that the method is accurate, precise and suitable. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  19. Preliminary results from the 2000 run of CERES on low-mass $e^{+}e^{-}$ pair production in Pb - Au collisions at 158 A GeV

    CERN Document Server

    Cherlin, A

    2004-01-01

    CERES has measured low-mass $e^{+}e^{-}$ pairs in Pb- Au collisions at 158 A GeV in the year 2000 Pb run at the SPS with the goal of shedding more light on the origin of the previously observed low-mass pair enhancement. The spectrometer was upgraded with a radial TPC to improve the mass resolution. A very effective rejection of the combinatorial background is achieved using the combined information of the two RICH detectors, the d$E$/dx signal of the doublet of silicon drift chambers, and the TPC track d$E$/dx information. Various steps and the current status of the data analysis are presented. Corrigendum. Table 1 and figures 3 and 4, as originally published, represent an earlier version of the data analysis. The corrected table and figures have been published as a Corrigendum (see below). The Corrigendum has also been appended at the end of the PDF file linked to this page.

  20. Radiation protection in brachytherapy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Benitez, Manuel

    1996-02-01

    It covers technical procedures in medical applications for cancer treatment. Radiation protection principles in brachytherapy. Medical uses in therapy for Sr-90, Cs-137, Co-60, Ra-226, Ir-192, Au-198, Bi-214, Pb-214. (The author)

  1. Progress report on neutron beam experiments in Thailand: effects of antimony substitutions on the critical temperature of Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O compounds

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sangariyavanich, A; Ampornrat, P [Office of Atomic Energy for Peace, Bangkok (Thailand)

    1998-10-01

    Effects of systematic substitutions of antimony for bismuth in Bi{sub 1.8-x}Pb{sub 0.2}Sb{sub x}Sr{sub 2}Ca{sub 3}Cu{sub 4}O{sub 10} have been investigated. Fabrication of the specimens has been performed by solid state reaction in air. The samples were sintered between 820degC - 843degC for 65 hours and subsequently quenched in liquid nitrogen. The critical temperatures of most specimens as determined by standard four-probe technique was higher than 100 K. Phase identification by X-ray diffraction technique indicated that `2223` and `2234` were the predominant phases in these samples. (author)

  2. Mechanical properties of Bi,Pb(2223) single filaments and Ic(ε) behaviour in longitudinally strained tapes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Passerini, Reynald; Dhalle, Marc; Seeber, Bernd; Fluekiger, Rene

    2002-01-01

    The Young's modulus and fracture stress of isolated Bi,Pb(2223) filaments were deduced from three-point bending tests performed at different stages of the tapes preparation. These results were introduced in the model describing the evolution of critical current of tapes submitted to a longitudinal strain in view to predict their irreversible strain limit ε irr . These calculated irreversible strain limits were compared to measured values, taken from a set of tapes made with different filling factors and composite matrices. This experiment shows that the predicted irreversible strain limits correspond to the measured ones. Presenting the I c behaviour of highly stressed tapes in a magnetic field, we discuss the evolution of the ratio I strong c0 /I c0 versus strain. This value, representative of the fraction of the critical current attributed to strongly connected grains, increases significantly during the crack formation regime at ε > ε irr . This indicates that mechanically weak links correspond to electromagnetically weak ones. This result is further confirmed by comparing the modulus of rupture obtained in single filaments extracted from tapes with different I c values

  3. Triangular flow of negative pions emitted in PbAu collisions at $\\sqrt{S_{NN}} = 17.3$ GeV

    CERN Document Server

    Adamová, D.

    Differential triangular flow, $v_3(p_T)$, of negative pions is measured at $\\sqrt{s_{NN}}$= 17.3~GeV around midrapidity by the CERES/NA45 experiment at CERN in central PbAu collisions in the range 0-30\\% with a mean centrality of 5.5\\%. This is the first measurement of the triangular flow at SPS energies. The $p_T$ range extends from about 0.05~GeV/c to more than 2~GeV/c. The triangular flow magnitude, corrected for the HBT effects, is smaller by a factor of about 2 than the one measured by the PHENIX experiment at RHIC and the ALICE experiment at the LHC. Within the analyzed range of central collisions no significant centrality dependence is observed. The data are found to be well described by a viscous hydro calculation combined with an UrQMD cascade model for the late stages.

  4. Graphene and PbS quantum dot hybrid vertical phototransistor

    Science.gov (United States)

    Song, Xiaoxian; Zhang, Yating; Zhang, Haiting; Yu, Yu; Cao, Mingxuan; Che, Yongli; Dai, Haitao; Yang, Junbo; Ding, Xin; Yao, Jianquan

    2017-04-01

    A field-effect phototransistor based on a graphene and lead sulfide quantum dot (PbS QD) hybrid in which PbS QDs are embedded in a graphene matrix has been fabricated with a vertical architecture through a solution process. The n-type Si/SiO2 substrate (gate), Au/Ag nanowire transparent source electrode, active layer and Au drain electrode are vertically stacked in the device, which has a downscaled channel length of 250 nm. Photoinduced electrons in the PbS QDs leap into the conduction band and fill in the trap states, while the photoinduced holes left in the valence band transfer to the graphene and form the photocurrent under biases from which the photoconductive gain is evaluated. The graphene/QD-based vertical phototransistor shows a photoresponsivity of 2 × 103 A W-1, and specific detectivity up to 7 × 1012 Jones under 808 nm laser illumination with a light irradiance of 12 mW cm-2. The solution-processed vertical phototransistor provides a new facile method for optoelectronic device applications.

  5. Geochemistry of the Patricia Zn-Pb-Ag Deposit (paguanta, NE Chile)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chinchilla Benavides, D.; Merinero Palomares, R.; Piña García, R.; Ortega Menor, L.; Lunar Hernández, R.

    2013-12-01

    The Patricia Zn-Pb-Ag ore deposit is located within the Paguanta mining project, situated at the northern end of the Andean Oligocene Porphyry Copper Belt of Chile. The sulfide mineralization occurs as W-E oriented veins hosted in volcanic rocks, mainly andesite (pyroclastic, ash and lavas), of Upper Cretaceous to Middle Tertiary age. The ore mineralogy (obtained by EMPA analyses) comprises in order of abundance, pyrite, sphalerite (5.5 - 10.89 wt % Fe, 9.8-19 % molar FeS and 0.52 wt % Cd), galena, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite and Ag-bearing sulfosalts. The veins show a zoned and banded internal structure with pyrite at the edges and sphalerite in the center. The Ag occurs mostly as Ag-Cu-Sb sulfosalts, in order of abundance: series freibergite - argentotennantite -polybasite and stephanite. Other minor Ag phases such as argentite, pyrargirite and diaphorite were also identified. These Ag phases are typically associated with the base-metal sulfides. Freibergite occurs filling voids within sphalerite, chalcopyrite and at the contact between sphalerite and galena. Polybasite, stephanite, pyrargirite and argentite are mostly in close association with freibergite. In the case of diaphorite, it commonly occurs filling voids between galena crystals or as inclusions within galena. Some minor Ag-bearing sulfosalts are also identified between pyrite crystals. The alteration minerals are dominated by chlorite, illite and kaolinite. The gangue minerals consist of quartz and carbonates identified by XRD as kutnahorite. We obtained linear correlation statistically significant only for Ag, As Au, Cd, Cu, Pb, Sb and Zn and therefore we generated an enhanced scatter plot matrix of these elements. Bulk rock analyses (ICP/MS and XRF) of drill cores show that Ag is strongly and positively correlated with Pb and As, moderately with Cd, Sb, Au and Zn and weakly with Cu, while Au is moderately and positively correlated with Ag, As, Cd, Sb and Zn and weakly with Cu and Pb. These results

  6. Reversible modulation of CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystal/gold nanoparticle heterostructures.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Shanshan; Lyu, Danya; Ling, Tao; Guo, Weiwei

    2018-04-19

    A facile strategy is illustrated to reversibly modulate CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystal/Au nanoparticle heterostructures with the reversible formation and fragmentation of gold nanoparticles anchored to the corners and surface of CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals. The modulation process was performed under ambient conditions and could be conducted for cycles.

  7. Determination of 210Pb by direct gamma-ray spectrometry, beta counting via 210Bi and alpha-particle spectrometry via 210Po in coal, slag and ash samples from thermal power plant

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Seslak, Bojan; Vukanac, Ivana; Kandic, Aleksandar; Durasevic, Mirjana; Eric, Milic; Jevremovic, Aleksandar

    2017-01-01

    In order to compare three different techniques and estimate radiological impact, activity concentration of 210 Pb in coal, slag and ash samples from thermal power plant 'Nikola Tesla', Serbia, were measured, and results are presented in this study. Determination of 210 Pb was carried out in three ways: using HPGe gamma spectrometer and via in-growth of 210 Po and 210 Bi by alpha-particle spectrometry and proportional counting, respectively. The results obtained for three different techniques were compared. Statistical analysis and comparison of methods were carried out by combination of Z score and χ 2 statistical tests. Tests results, as well as values of measured activities concentrations obtained by alpha and gamma spectrometry, showed that gamma spectrometry is a valid alternative to time-consuming alpha spectrometry for low level activity measurements of 210 Pb. This remark is also valid even for gamma spectrometers with poor efficiency in low energy region. (author)

  8. Au-MnO{sub 2}/MWNT and Au-ZnO/MWNT as oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalyst for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Imran Jafri, Razack; Sujatha, N.; Ramaprabhu, S. [Alternative Energy and Nanotechnology Laboratory (AENL), Nano Functional Materials Technology Centre (NFMTC), Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai (India); Rajalakshmi, N. [Center for Fuel Cell Technology (ARCI), Madavakkam, Chennai (India)

    2009-08-15

    Bi-functional catalysts based on Au supported on oxide based nanomaterials for use in fuel cells were evaluated by electrochemical methods for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). Metal oxide coated multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) (MnO{sub 2}/MWNT and ZnO/MWNT) were prepared by reduction of potassium permanganate and oxidation of Zn powder on MWNT surface respectively. Au-MnO{sub 2}/MWNT and Au-ZnO/MWNT were prepared by chemical reduction of chloroauric acid on MnO{sub 2}/MWNT and ZnO/MWNT. The samples were characterized and linear sweep voltammetric studies were performed in N{sub 2} saturated, O{sub 2} saturated and methanol containing 1 M KOH solution and the results have been discussed. A single fuel cell was also constructed using Au-MnO{sub 2}/MWNT and Au-ZnO/MWNT as ORR electrocatalysts. A maximum power density of 45 mW/cm{sup 2} and 56 mW/cm{sup 2} was obtained with Au-MnO{sub 2}/MWNT and Au-ZnO/MWNT respectively. Additionally, the methanol tolerance of these electrocatalysts has been investigated and results have been discussed. (author)

  9. Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 196

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Huang Xiaolong

    2007-01-01

    The 1998 version of nuclear data sheets for A = 196 has been revised and updated on the basis of the experimental results from various decay and reaction studies before January 2006. The experimental data for all known nuclei of A = 196 (Os,Ir,Pt,Au,Hg, Tl,Pb,Bi,Po,At,Rn) have been reevaluated. The experimental methods, references,Jπ arguments,and necessary comments are given in the text. Summary band structure drawings and level schemes from both radioactive decay and reaction studies are presented. Also of special interest are the new identification of superdeformed bands in 196 Pb and 196 Bi

  10. Observation of the strongest 5s2 5p6 5d-(5s2 5p5 5d6s+5s25p6 7p) transitions in Au XI to Bi XV ions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Churilov, S.S.; Joshi, Y.N.

    2001-01-01

    The spectra of gold till bismuth were studied in the 90-135 A region. Nine most intense lines belonging to the 5s 2 5p 6 5d-5s 2 5p 5 5d6s array were identified in Au XI to Bi XV ions. The 5s 2 5p 6 7p 2 P 3/2,1/2 levels in Au XI and the 5s 2 5p 6 7p 2 P 3/2 level in Hg XII were also identified. The observed wavelengths and intensities agree quite well with the Hartree-Fock calculations. (orig.)

  11. Hydride generation – in-atomizer collection of Pb in a quartz trap-and-atomizer device for atomic absorption spectrometry – an interference study

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Novotný, Pavel [Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the ASCR, v.v.i., Veveří 97, 602 00 Brno (Czech Republic); High School in Hořice, Husova 1414, 508 01 Hořice (Czech Republic); Kratzer, Jan, E-mail: jkratzer@biomed.cas.cz [Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the ASCR, v.v.i., Veveří 97, 602 00 Brno (Czech Republic)

    2013-01-01

    Interferences of selected hydride forming elements (As, Sb, Bi, Se and Sn) on lead determination by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry were extensively studied in both on-line atomization and preconcentration (collection) modes. The commonly used on-line atomization mode was found free of significant interferences, whereas strong interference from Bi was observed when employing the preconcentration mode with plumbane collection in a quartz trap-and-atomizer device. Interference of Bi seems to take place in the preconcentration step. Interference of Bi in the collection mode cannot be reduced by increased hydrogen radical amount in the trap and/or the atomizer. - Highlights: ► Interference study on Pb determination by in-atomizer trapping was performed for the first time. ► Bi was found as a severe interferent in the preconcentration mode (Pb:Bi ratio 1:100). ► No interference was found in the on-line atomization (no preconcentration). ► Bi interference occurs during preconcentration.

  12. Investigation on the phase transformation of Bi-2223/Ag superconducting tapes during heating

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Huang, K.-T.; Qu, T.-M.; Xie, P.; Han, Z.

    2013-01-01

    Highlights: • In situ resistance measurement was carried out on Bi-2223/Ag superconducting tapes. • The oxygen partial pressure of the outlet gas in the heating process was monitored continuously. • The samples quenched in the heating process were studied by XRD and T c measurements. • The heating process contains three procedures: oxygen diffusion, Pb-rich phase evolution and liquid phase formation. -- Abstract: The phase transformation of Bi-2223/Ag superconducting tapes during heating was investigated. The resistance of the ceramic core as a function of the heating temperature was measured in situ. The pO 2 of the outlet gas in the heating process was also monitored continuously. By comparing the heating process with the X-ray diffraction and T c measurements taken from samples quenched at different temperatures, we have identified that the heating process could be divided into the following regions: (1) the oxygen diffusion (OD) region, which is mainly influenced by OD; (2) the Pb-rich phase evolution (PbE) region, in which the formation and decomposition of the Pb-rich phases occur; (3) the liquid phase formation (LF) region, in which resistance increased rapidly with increasing temperature

  13. Influence of non-bi-maxwellian distribution function of solar wind protons on the ion cyclotron instability

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Leubner, M.P.

    1978-01-01

    Satellite measurements of the thermal anisotropy of solar wind protons have shown that the particle velocity distributions at 1 AU are not adequately described by a bi-Maxwellian distribution function. On the other hand, the stability criteria derived from a bi-Maxwellian distribution require T/sub perpendicular/>T/sub parallel/, which is, however, hardly ever observed. A modified axisymmetric distribution function for solar wind protons is used here to calculate the stability and growth rate of the iom cyclotron instability in a warm slow speed solar plasma at 1 AU. Cyclotron wave growth is found also in the case t/sub parallel/>T/sub perpendicular/

  14. Superconductivity in the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O compounds some characteristics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Escudero, R.

    1989-01-01

    The authors have prepared 90% single phase bulk samples of the 110K superconducting phase of the Bi-Sr- Ca-Cu-O compounds with different Pb amounts. This paper presents critical superconducting temperatures (zero resistance) of up to 109K were measured in the bulk samples. X-ray powder diffraction patterns of the almost isolated 110K phase. Computer simulated diffractograms were obtained, which are in general agreement with the measured ones. A discussion of the role of Pb in the stability of the 110K phase in this compounds is presented. Tunnelling measurements were made using Bi-based material. The authors studied break junctions and point contact junctions. The energy gap was determined to be about 25.5 meV and the ratio 2Δ/KBTc = 7.5. The data also show structure at energies of 67 and 120 meV

  15. Comparative study for axial and radial shuffling scheme effect on the performance of Pb-Bi cooled fast reactors with natural uranium as fuel cycle input

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zaki Suud; Indah Rosidah; Maryam Afifah; Ferhat Aziz; Sekimoto, H.

    2013-01-01

    Full text:Comparative study for the Design of Pb-Bi cooled fast reactors with natural uranium as fuel cycle input using special radial shuffling strategy and axial direction modified CANDLE burn-up scheme has been performed. The reactors utilizes UN-PuN as fuel, Eutectic Pb-Bi as coolant, and can be operated without refueling for 10 years in each batch. Reactor design optimization is performed to utilize natural uranium as fuel cycle input. This reactor subdivided into 6-10 regions with equal volume in radial directions. The natural uranium is initially put in region 1, and after one cycle of 10 years of burn-up it is shifted to region 2 and the region 1 is filled by fresh natural uranium fuel. This concept is basically applied to all regions. The calculation has been done by using SRAC-Citation system code and JENDL-3.2 library. The effective multiplication factor change increases monotonously during 10 years reactor operation time. There is significant power distribution change in the central part of the core during the BOC and the EOC in the radial shuffling system. It is larger than that in the case of modified CANDLE case which use axial direction burning region move. The burn-up level of fuel is slowly grows during the first 15 years but then grow faster in the rest of burn-up history. This pattern is a little bit different from the case of modified CANDLE burn-up scheme in Axial direction in which the slow growing burn-up period is relatively longer almost half of the burn-up history. (author)

  16. The impedance of inductive superconducting fault current limiters operating with stacks of thin film Y123/Au washers or bulk Bi2223 rings as secondaries

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fernandez, J A Lorenzo; Osorio, M R; Toimil, P; Ferro, G; Blanch, M; Veira, J A; Vidal, F

    2006-01-01

    Inductive fault current limiters operating with stacks of various small superconducting elements acting as secondaries were studied. The stacks consist of Y 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ thin film washers or Bi 1.8 Pb 0.26 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 10+x bulk rings. A central result of our work is an experimental demonstration that the limiting capability of the device is strongly reduced when several bulk rings are stacked, whereas it remains almost unchanged for thin film washers. The use of thin films should therefore allow us to build more efficient high power inductive limiters based on stacks of small washers

  17. Laser soldering of Sn-Ag-Cu and Sn-Zn-Bi lead-free solder pastes

    Science.gov (United States)

    Takahashi, Junichi; Nakahara, Sumio; Hisada, Shigeyoshi; Fujita, Takeyoshi

    2004-10-01

    It has reported that a waste of an electronics substrate including lead and its compound such as 63Sn-37Pb has polluted the environment with acid rain. For that environment problem the development of lead-free solder alloys has been promoted in order to find out the substitute for Sn-Pb solders in the United States, Europe, and Japan. In a present electronics industry, typical alloys have narrowed down to Sn-Ag-Cu and Sn-Zn lead-free solder. In this study, solderability of Pb-free solder that are Sn-Ag-Cu and Sn-Zn-Bi alloy was studied on soldering using YAG (yttrium aluminum garnet) laser and diode laser. Experiments were peformed in order to determine the range of soldering parameters for obtaining an appropriate wettability based on a visual inspection. Joining strength of surface mounting chip components soldered on PCB (printed circuit board) was tested on application thickness of solder paste (0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 mm). In addition, joining strength characteristics of eutectic Sn-Pb alloy and under different power density were examined. As a result, solderability of Sn-Ag-Cu (Pb-free) solder paste are equivalent to that of coventional Sn-Pb solder paste, and are superior to that of Sn-Zn-Bi solder paste in the laser soldering method.

  18. Properties and Microstructures of Sn-Bi-X Lead-Free Solders

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fan Yang

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available The Sn-Bi base lead-free solders are proposed as one of the most popular alloys due to the low melting temperature (eutectic point: 139°C and low cost. However, they are not widely used because of the lower wettability, fatigue resistance, and elongation compared to traditional Sn-Pb solders. So the alloying is considered as an effective way to improve the properties of Sn-Bi solders with the addition of elements (Al, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ag, In, Sb, and rare earth and nanoparticles. In this paper, the development of Sn-Bi lead-free solders bearing elements and nanoparticles was reviewed. The variation of wettability, melting characteristic, electromigration, mechanical properties, microstructures, intermetallic compounds reaction, and creep behaviors was analyzed systematically, which can provide a reference for investigation of Sn-Bi base solders.

  19. Recent advances in the synthesis of Fe3O4@AU core/shell nanoparticles

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Salihov, Sergei V.; Ivanenkov, Yan A.; Krechetov, Sergei P.; Veselov, Mark S.; Sviridenkova, Natalia V.; Savchenko, Alexander G.; Klyachko, Natalya L.; Golovin, Yury I.; Chufarova, Nina V.; Beloglazkina, Elena K.; Majouga, Alexander G.

    2015-01-01

    Fe 3 O 4 @Au core/shell nanoparticles have unique magnetic and optical properties. These nanoparticles are used for biomedical applications, such as magnetic resonance imaging, photothermal therapy, controlled drug delivery, protein separation, biosensors, DNA detection, and immunosensors. In this review, recent methods for the synthesis of core/shell nanoparticles are discussed. We divided all of the synthetic methods in two groups: methods of synthesis of bi-layer structures and methods of synthesis of multilayer composite structures. The latter methods have a layer of “glue” material between the core and the shell. - Highlights: • Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles are promising for biomedical applications but have some disadvantages. • Covering Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles with Au shell leads to better stability and biocompatibility. • Core/shell nanoparticles are widely used for biomedical applications. • There are two types of Fe 3 O 4 @Au core/shell nanoparticles structures: bi-layer and multilayer composite. • Different synthetic methods enable production of nanoparticles of different sizes

  20. Electrical conductivity dependence of thin metallic films of Au and Pd as a top electrode in capacitor applications

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nazarpour, S.; Langenberg, E.; Jambois, O.; Ferrater, C.; Garcia-Cuenca, M.V.; Polo, M.C.; Varela, M.

    2009-01-01

    Electrical conductivity dependence of thin metallic films of Au and Pd over the different perovskites was investigated. It is found from electrical properties that crystallographic growth orientation of Au and Pd thin layers attained from X-ray diffraction results indicate the slop of current (I)-voltage (V) plots. Besides, surface morphology and topography was considered using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy, respectively. Obtained results showed the Stranski-Krastanov growth of the Pd and Au. Indeed, diminishing of the root-mean-square roughness of Pd/BiMnO 3 /SrTiO 3 following by Au deposition should be concerned due to growth of Au onto the crack-like parts of the substrate. These crack-like parts appeared due to parasitic phases of the Bi-Mn-O system mainly Mn 3 O 4 (l 0 l) and Mn 3 O 4 (0 0 4 l). The different response in the electrical properties of heterostructures suggests that electrical conductance of the Au and Pd thin metallic films have the crystallographic orientation dependence. Furthermore, polycrystallinity of the thin metallic films are desired in electrode applications due to increase the conductivity of the metallic layers.

  1. Triangular flow of negative pions emitted in PbAu collisions at √{sNN} = 17.3 GeV

    Science.gov (United States)

    Adamová, D.; Agakichiev, G.; Andronic, A.; Antończyk, D.; Appelshäuser, H.; Belaga, V.; Bielčíková, J.; Braun-Munzinger, P.; Busch, O.; Cherlin, A.; Damjanović, S.; Dietel, T.; Dietrich, L.; Drees, A.; Dubitzky, W.; Esumi, S. I.; Filimonov, K.; Fomenko, K.; Fraenkel, Z.; Garabatos, C.; Glässel, P.; Hering, G.; Holeczek, J.; Kalisky, M.; Karpenko, Iu.; Krobath, G.; Kushpil, V.; Maas, A.; Marín, A.; Milošević, J.; Miśkowiec, D.; Panebrattsev, Y.; Petchenova, O.; Petráček, V.; Radomski, S.; Rak, J.; Ravinovich, I.; Rehak, P.; Sako, H.; Schmitz, W.; Schuchmann, S.; Sedykh, S.; Shimansky, S.; Stachel, J.; Šumbera, M.; Tilsner, H.; Tserruya, I.; Tsiledakis, G.; Wessels, J. P.; Wienold, T.; Wurm, J. P.; Yurevich, S.; Yurevich, V.

    2017-01-01

    Differential triangular flow, v3 (pT), of negative pions is measured at √{sNN} = 17.3 GeV around midrapidity by the CERES/NA45 experiment at CERN in central PbAu collisions in the range 0-30% with a mean centrality of 5.5%. This is the first measurement as a function of transverse momentum of the triangular flow at SPS energies. The pT range extends from about 0.05 GeV/c to more than 2 GeV/c. The triangular flow magnitude, corrected for the HBT effects, is smaller by a factor of about 2 than the one measured by the PHENIX experiment at RHIC and the ALICE experiment at the LHC. Within the analyzed range of central collisions no significant centrality dependence is observed. The data are found to be well described by a viscous hydrodynamic calculation combined with an UrQMD cascade model for the late stages.

  2. Electronic tuning of the transport properties of off-stoichiometric Pb{sub x}Sn{sub 1−x}Te thermoelectric alloys by Bi{sub 2}Te{sub 3} doping

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Guttmann, Gilad M. [The Unit of Energy Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva (Israel); Dadon, David [Department of Materials Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva (Israel); Gelbstein, Yaniv [The Unit of Energy Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva (Israel); Department of Materials Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva (Israel)

    2015-08-14

    The recent energy demands affected by the dilution of conventional energy resources and the growing awareness of environmental considerations had motivated many researchers to seek for novel renewable energy conversion methods. Thermoelectric direct conversion of thermal into electrical energies is such a method, in which common compositions include IV-VI semiconducting compounds (e.g., PbTe and SnTe) and their alloys. For approaching practical thermoelectric devices, the current research is focused on electronic optimization of off-stoichiometric p-type Pb{sub x}Sn{sub 1−x}Te alloys by tuning of Bi{sub 2}Te{sub 3} doping and/or SnTe alloying levels, while avoiding the less mechanically favorable Na dopant. It was shown that upon such doping/alloying, higher ZTs, compared to those of previously reported undoped Pb{sub 0.5}Sn{sub 0.5}Te alloy, were obtained at temperatures lower than 210–340 °C, depending of the exact doping/alloying level. It was demonstrated that upon optimal grading of the carrier concentration, a maximal thermoelectric efficiency enhancement of ∼38%, compared to that of an undoped material, is expected.

  3. Observation of Au + AuAu + Au + ρ0 and Au + AuAu* + Au* + ρ0 with STAR

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Spencer, K.

    2002-01-01

    First observation of the reactions Au + AuAu + Au + ρ 0 and Au + AuAu* + Au* + ρ 0 with the STAR detector are reported. The ρ are produced at small perpendicular momentum, as expected if they couple coherently to both nuclei. Models of vector meson production and the correlation with nuclear breakup are discussed, as well as a fundamental test of quantum mechanics that is possible with the system. (author)

  4. Effect of Bi doping on morphotropic phase boundary and dielectric properties of PZT

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Joshi, Shraddha; Acharya, Smita, E-mail: saha275@yahoo.com [Advanced Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur-440033, M.S. India (India)

    2016-05-23

    In our present attempt, Pb{sub (1-x)}Bi{sub x}Zr{sub 0.52}Ti{sub 0.48}O{sub 3} [PBZT] {where x = 0, 0.05, 0.1} is synthesized by sol-gel route. Effect of Bi addition on structure, sinterability and dielectric properties are observed. The presence of morphotropic phase boundary (coexistence of tetragonal and rhombohedral symmetry) is confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Enhancement of sinterability after Bi doping is observed through a systematic sintering program. Frequency and temperature dependent dielectric constant are studied. Bi doping in PZT is found to enhance room temperature dielectric constant. However, at high temperature the dielectric constant of pure PZT is more than that of doped PZT.

  5. Studying Angular Distribution of Neutron for (p,n) Reaction from 0.5 GeV to 1.5 GeV on some Heavy Targets 238U, 206Pb, 197Au, 186W

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nguyen Mong Giao; Tran Thanh Dung; Nguyen Thi Ai Thu; Huynh Thi Xuan Tham

    2010-08-01

    The angular distributions of neutron are calculated for a spallation reaction induced by proton energy from 0.5 GeV to 1.5 GeV on target nuclei 206 Pb, 197 Au, 238 U, 186 W. In this report, we use nuclear data of JENDL-HE with evaluated proton induced cross-sections up to 3 GeV. The obtained results have been discussed in detail. (author)

  6. Impedance and modulus spectroscopy characterization of Tb modified Bi{sub 0.8}A{sub 0.1}Pb{sub 0.1}Fe{sub 0.9}Ti{sub 0.1}O{sub 3} ceramics

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Thakur, Shweta; Rai, Radheshyam, E-mail: rshyam1273@gmail.com [School of Physics, Shoolini University, Himachal Pradesh (India); Bdikin, Igor [Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation (TEMA), University of Aveiro (Portugal); Valente, Manuel Almeida [Departamento de Fisica, Universidade de Aveiro (Portugal)

    2016-01-15

    In this paper we present the impedance spectroscopy of ternary solid solutions of BiFeO{sub 3} , TbFeO{sub 3} and PbTiO{sub 3} , prepared by solid-state reaction method. The preliminary structural studies were carried out by X-ray diffraction technique, showing the formation of polycrystalline sample with ABO{sub 3} type of perovskite structure with hexagonal symmetry for Bi{sub 0.8}Tb{sub 0.1}Pb{sub 0.1}Fe{sub 0.9}Ti{sub 0.1}O{sub 3} system at room temperature. Dielectric and impedance study of this ceramic has been characterized in the temperature range 175 - 325 deg C and frequency range 100 Hz - 1 MHz. The maximum ferroelectric transition temperature (T{sub c} ) of this system was in the range 210 - 225 deg C with the dielectric constant having maximum value ∼ 2480 at 1 kHz. The complex impedance graph exhibited one impedance semicircle arc at all reported temperatures, which indicates that the impedance response is a Cole-Cole type relaxation. Single semicircle indicate that the grain effect of the bulk in ceramic. The bulk resistance of the material decreases with increasing temperature showing negative temperature showing a typical semiconducting property, i.e. negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR) behavior. (author)

  7. Radon and progeny (214Pb and 214Bi) in urban water-supply systems of Sao Paulo State, Brazil

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bonotto, Daniel Marcos; Padron-Armada, Priscilla Cardoso

    2008-01-01

    Many water-supply systems in South America utilize the waters of the Guarani aquifer at least as part of their networks. However, there is little present knowledge in Brazil of the factors affecting Rn presence in the water supplied for end-users, despite the economic importance of Guarani aquifer. 222 Rn analyzes of 162 water samples were performed at 8 municipalities in Sao Paulo State, Brazil, with the aim of investigating the major factors affecting its presence in solution. The 222 Rn activity concentration ranged from 0.04 up to 204.9 Bq/L, with three samples exceeding the World Health Organization maximum limit of 100 Bq/L. Aeration was confirmed as the most important factor for Rn release, as expected due to its gaseous nature. Accumulation in pipes and stratification in the water column were other significant factors explaining the data obtained in some circumstances. The Rn daughters 214 Pb and 214 Bi were also determined in a set of selected samples and their presence was directly related to the occurrence of Rn dissolved in water

  8. Mechanical properties of Bi,Pb(2223) single filaments and I sub c (epsilon) behaviour in longitudinally strained tapes

    CERN Document Server

    Passerini, R; Seeber, B; Flükiger, R

    2002-01-01

    The Young's modulus and fracture stress of isolated Bi,Pb(2223) filaments were deduced from three-point bending tests performed at different stages of the tapes preparation. These results were introduced in the model describing the evolution of critical current of tapes submitted to a longitudinal strain in view to predict their irreversible strain limit epsilon sub i sub r sub r. These calculated irreversible strain limits were compared to measured values, taken from a set of tapes made with different filling factors and composite matrices. This experiment shows that the predicted irreversible strain limits correspond to the measured ones. Presenting the I sub c behaviour of highly stressed tapes in a magnetic field, we discuss the evolution of the ratio I sup s sup t sup r sup o sup n sup g sub c sub 0 /I sub c sub 0 versus strain. This value, representative of the fraction of the critical current attributed to strongly connected grains, increases significantly during the crack formation regime at epsilon >...

  9. Transitions between localized and itinerant antiferromagnetism in the Ce(Pb,In) sub 3 and Ce(Pb,Tl) sub 3 systems

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Rahman, S; Timlin, J; Crow, J E; Mihalisin, T; Schlottmann, P [Temple Univ., Philadelphia, PA (United States)

    1990-01-01

    CePb{sub 3} is an itinerant heavy fermion antiferromagnetic displaying an incommensurate magnetic structure and an extremely small ordered moment. CeIn{sub 3} and CeTl{sub 3}, on the other hand are well-localized, simple antiferromagnets with the full moments expected for crystal field doublet Ce{sup 3+} ion systems. The authors have performed specific heat, sysceptibility and resistivity measurements for both the Ce(Pb,In){sub 3} and Ce(Pb,Tl){sub 3} systems. These systems remain cubic Cu{sub 3}Au structures across the entire series. They display extremely interesting T{sub N} behavior which suggests that a continuous transition from itinerant to localized antiferromagnetic behavior occurs for the Ce(Pb,Tl){sub 3} system. In the Ce (Pb,In){sub 3} system both types of antiferromagnetism are present but they are separated by a concentration range ({approximately}10-40% Pb) over which antiferromagnetism does not exist. The behavior of these systems cannot be accounted for by a Kondo necklace approach that neglects the coherence of a heavy fermion lattice and resulting itinerant antiferromagnetism.

  10. Temperature dependence of the hole density in high-T{sub C} superconductors Bi{sub 2−y}Pb{sub y}Sr{sub 2}CaCu{sub 2}O{sub 8+δ}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ghafari, A. [Institute of Physics, Humboldt University of Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, D-12489 Berlin (Germany); Janowitz, C., E-mail: janowitz@physik.hu-berlin.de [Institute of Physics, Humboldt University of Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, D-12489 Berlin (Germany); Ariffin, A.K. [Institute of Physics, Humboldt University of Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, D-12489 Berlin (Germany); Dep. of Physics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim (Malaysia); Dwelk, H.; Krapf, A.; Manzke, R. [Institute of Physics, Humboldt University of Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, D-12489 Berlin (Germany)

    2013-02-14

    Highlights: ► We have done x-ray absorption spectra on the CuL{sub 3} edge of Bi(Pb)-2212 cuprates. ► We have measured the hole density n{sub H} in the CuO{sub 2} plane of Bi(Pb)-2212 cuprates. ► The measurements were performed from 10 K to 300 K. ► Gor’kov and Teitel’baums formula of n{sub H} consists of a linear and an exponential term. ► We have extended the Gor’kov and Teitel baum formula by a T{sup 3/2} term. -- Abstract: One of the most puzzling anomalies of high-T{sub C} cuprates is the strong temperature dependence of the Hall coefficient (R{sub H}) and the hole density (n{sub H}). Gor’kov and Teitel’baum (GT) proposed by using experimental data of La{sub 2−x}Sr{sub x}CuO{sub 4} (LSCO) a two fluid model. The number of holes per Cu atom n{sub H}, changes with temperature according to n{sub H}(T,x) = n{sub 0}(x) + n{sub 1}(x)exp(−Δ(x)/T) [1]. To clarify the temperature dependence of n{sub H} we have determined n{sub H} from X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) at the CuL{sub 3} edge for nearly optimum and slightly underdoped Bi{sub 2−y}Pb{sub y}Sr{sub 2}CaCu{sub 2}O{sub 8+δ} single crystals yielding directly the absolute value of n{sub H} in the CuO{sub 2} planes and also its change with temperature n{sub H}(T). It shows pronounced structures between 10 K and 300 K. The temperature dependence puts constraints to the applicability of previously developed models: (i) the two-band model without any explicit temperature dependence and (ii) the formula of GT, because the latter is not able to fit our data over the whole temperature range from 10 K to 300 K. Instead the thermal behavior of n{sub H} proposes a function with at least three terms, i.e. a third term added to the formula of GT is of exponential form ∼T{sup 3/2}.

  11. Effect of diamagnetic barium substitution on magnetic and photovoltaic properties in multiferroic BiFeO{sub 3}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hung, C.-M. [Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan (China); Tu, C. S., E-mail: 039611@mail.fju.edu.tw [Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan (China); Department of Physics, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan (China); Xu, Z.-R.; Chang, L.-Y. [Department of Physics, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan (China); Schmidt, V. H.; Chien, R. R. [Department of Physics, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717 (United States); Chang, W. C. [Department of Physics, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 621, Taiwan (China)

    2014-05-07

    Spontaneous magnetization and photovoltaic (PV) effects have been measured in (Bi{sub 1-x}Ba{sub x})FeO{sub 3-δ} ceramics for x = 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15. The substitution of Ba{sup 2+} ion in the A site of the perovskite unit cell can effectively enhance the ferromagnetic magnetization. The heterostructure of indium tin oxide (ITO) film/(Bi{sub 1-x}Ba{sub x})FeO{sub 3-δ} ceramic/Au film exhibits significant PV effects under illumination of λ = 405 nm. The PV responses decrease with increasing Ba concentration. The maximum power-conversion efficiency in the ITO/(Bi{sub 0.95}Ba{sub 0.5})FeO{sub 2.95}/Au can reach 0.006%. A theoretical model based on optically excited current in the depletion region between ITO film and (Bi{sub 1-x}Ba{sub x})FeO{sub 3-δ} ceramics is used to describe the I-V characteristic, open-circuit voltage (V{sub oc}), and short-circuit current density (J{sub sc}) as a function of light intensity.

  12. Mechanical properties of Bi-In-Zn/ Cu solder joint system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ervina Efzan Mohd Noor; Mohammed Noori Ridha; Ahmad Badri Ismail; Nurulakmal Mohd Sharif; Kuan Yew Cheong; Tadashi Ariga; Zuhailawati Hussain

    2009-01-01

    Full text: In recent years, the pollution of environment from lead (Pb) and Pb-containing compounds in microelectronic devices attracts more and more attentions in academia and industry; the lead-free solder alloys begin to replace the lead-based solders in packaging process of some devices and components. In this works, microstructure and mechanical properties of different reflow temperature (80, 100, 120 and 140 degree Celsius) for solder joints on shear strength of Bi-In-Zn lead free solder with low melting temperature of 60 degree Celsius on Cu solder joint has been investigated. This paper will compared the mechanical properties of the Bi-In-Zn lead-free solder alloys with current lead-free solder, Sn-Ag-Cu solder alloy. The fracture surface analyses have been observed by Optical Microscope and were investigated by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) and proved it by X-ray diffraction (XRD). (author)

  13. Charge Carrier Conduction Mechanism in PbS Quantum Dot Solar Cells: Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Haowei; Wang, Yishan; He, Bo; Li, Weile; Sulaman, Muhammad; Xu, Junfeng; Yang, Shengyi; Tang, Yi; Zou, Bingsuo

    2016-07-20

    With its properties of bandgap tunability, low cost, and substrate compatibility, colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are becoming promising materials for optoelectronic applications. Additionally, solution-processed organic, inorganic, and hybrid ligand-exchange technologies have been widely used in PbS CQDs solar cells, and currently the maximum certified power conversion efficiency of 9.9% has been reported by passivation treatment of molecular iodine. Presently, there are still some challenges, and the basic physical mechanism of charge carriers in CQDs-based solar cells is not clear. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is a monitoring technology for current by changing the frequency of applied alternating current voltage, and it provides an insight into its electrical properties that cannot be measured by direct current testing facilities. In this work, we used EIS to analyze the recombination resistance, carrier lifetime, capacitance, and conductivity of two typical PbS CQD solar cells Au/PbS-TBAl/ZnO/ITO and Au/PbS-EDT/PbS-TBAl/ZnO/ITO, in this way, to better understand the charge carriers conduction mechanism behind in PbS CQD solar cells, and it provides a guide to design high-performance quantum-dots solar cells.

  14. Activities of AREVA Med. Extraction and purification of the 212Pb isotope from Thorium for radio-immunotherapy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Miquel, Pierre

    2012-01-01

    After having recalled the definition of radio-immunotherapy (RIT) and the benefits of alpha RIT for the treatment of some cancers, this document explains the choice of the 212-Pb isotope instead of the 212-Bi isotope (the first one has a longer half-life than the second). The Pb isotope in fact progressively transforms itself into the Bi isotope. The production process is evoked with its important steps. A second part reports the first clinic tests performed in the Alabama Centre for the treatment of different cancer (breast, colon, ovarian, pancreas, stomach). Processes and doses are discussed

  15. Experimental evidence in favour of the Stark mixing of atomic L-subshell states in the boron impact of Au and Bi

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Padhi, H.C.; Dhal, B.B.; Nandi, T.; Trautmann, D.

    1995-01-01

    L-subshell ionization of Au and Bi induced by boron impact has been investigated for impact energies ranging from 0.48 to 0.88 MeV/μ. The energy dependence of the measured ionization cross section shows, for the first time, a plateau structure for all three subshells. The plateau structure revealed by previous data for proton and helium impact was for the L 1 subshell only and this had been attributed to the bimodal nature of the 2s electron density. The observed plateau structure for all the three subshells and its occurrence at a somewhat lower energy signifies a considerable amount of Stark mixing of target 2s and 2p atomic wavefunctions. Fresh calculations incorporating the Stark mixing effect in target atomic wavefunctions are necessary to improve agreement with the present data. The existing theories, however, are found to be inadequate. (author)

  16. Analysis of {sup 210}Pb in water samples with plastic scintillation resins

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lluch, E.; Barrera, J. [Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franqués, 1-11, E-08028, Barcelona (Spain); Tarancón, A., E-mail: alex.tarancon@ub.edu [Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franqués, 1-11, E-08028, Barcelona (Spain); Bagán, H. [Department of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Getingevägen 60, Hus II, 22100 SE, Lund (Sweden); García, J.F. [Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franqués, 1-11, E-08028, Barcelona (Spain)

    2016-10-12

    {sup 210}Pb is a radioactive lead isotope present in the environment as member of the {sup 238}U decay chain. Since it is a relatively long-lived radionuclide (T{sub 1/2} = 22.2 years), its analysis is of interest in radiation protection and the geochronology of sediments and artwork. Here, we present a method for analysing {sup 210}Pb using plastic scintillation resins (PSresins) packaged in solid-phase extraction columns (SPE cartridge). The advantages of this method are its selectivity, the low limit of detection, as well as reductions in the amount of time and reagents required for analysis and the quantity of waste generated. The PSresins used in this study were composed of a selective extractant (4′,4″(5″)-Di-tert-butyldicyclohexano-18-crown-6 in 1-octanol) covering the surface of plastic scintillation microspheres. Once the amount of extractant (1:1/4) and medium of separation (2 M HNO{sub 3}) were optimised, PSresins in SPE cartridges were calibrated with a standard solution of {sup 210}Pb. {sup 210}Pb could be fully separated from its daughters, {sup 210}Bi and {sup 210}Po, with a recovery value of 91(3)% and detection efficiency of 44(3)%. Three spiked water samples (one underground and two river water samples) were analysed in triplicates with deviations lower than 10%, demonstrating the validity of the PS resin method for {sup 210}Pb analysis. - Highlights: • A plastic scintillation resin for selective analysis of {sup 210}Pb has been developed. • A commercial SPE cartridge has been use for separation and scintillation counting. • {sup 210}Pb separation from {sup 210}Bi and {sup 210}Po is achieved with a 91(3)% of recovery. • The method is valid for analysis of {sup 210}Pb in river water samples.

  17. Ferroelectric properties of bilayer structured Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3/SrBi2Ta2O9 (PZT/SBT) thin films on Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si substrates

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhang Wenqi; Li Aidong; Shao Qiyue; Xia Yidong; Wu Di; Liu Zhiguo; Ming Naiben

    2008-01-01

    Pb(Zr 0.52 Ti 0.48 )O 3 (PZT) thin films with large remanent polarization and SrBi 2 Ta 2 O 9 (SBT) thin films with excellent fatigue-resisting characteristic have been widely studied for non-volatile random access memories, respectively. To combine these two advantages , bilayered Pb(Zr 0.52 Ti 0.48 )O 3 /SrBi 2 Ta 2 O 9 (PZT/SBT) thin films were fabricated on Pt/TiO 2 /SiO 2 /Si substrates by chemical solution deposition method. X-ray diffraction patterns revealed that the diffraction peaks of PZT/SBT thin films were completely composed of PZT and SBT, and no other secondary phase was observed. The electrical properties of the bilayered structure PZT/SBT films have been investigated in comparison with pure PZT and SBT films. PZT/SBT bilayered thin films showed larger remanent polarization (2P r ) of 18.37 μC/cm 2 than pure SBT and less polarization fatigue up to 1 x 10 9 switching cycles than pure PZT. These results indicated that this bilayered structure of PZT/SBT is a promising material combination for ferroelectric memory applications

  18. The matrix effect study in the spectrographic analysis of rare earth elements. Pt. 1. The influence of Sn, Pb, Sb, Bi, Cu, Ag, Zn and Cd on the spectral lines intensity of Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd and Sm in the current arc exciting between C-electrodes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wysocka-Lisek, J.; Paszkowska, B.; Mularczyk, K.

    1976-01-01

    In the beginning the influence of Sn, Pb, Sb, Bi, Cu, Ag, Zn and Cd on the light rare earth spectral lines using Ni as the internal standard, during the intermittent current arc excitation between C-electrodes was studied. On the basis of the spectral lines intensity measurements, it was stated that one may apply the addition of Ni as the internal standard by the quantitative determination of Sn, Pb, Sb, Bi, Zn and Cd in the light rare earth mixtures with one of the above. Also a great influence of the presence of the individually studied metal was observed on the spectral line intensity of rare earth elements and nickel. The differences of the thermo-chemical reactions nature between excited elements and the carbon of the electrodes may cause that influence. (author)

  19. Two- and three-particle azimuthal correlations of high-pt charged hadrons in Pb-Au collisions at 158 A GeV/c

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kniege, Stefan; Ploskon, Mateusz

    2007-01-01

    Azimuthal correlations of hadrons with high transverse momenta serve as a measure to study the energy loss and the fragmentation pattern of jets emerging from hard parton-parton interactions in heavy-ion collisions. Preliminary results from the CERES experiment on two- and three-particle correlations in central Pb-Au collisions are presented. A strongly non-Gaussian shape on the away-side of the two-particle correlation function is observed, indicating significant interactions of the emerging partons with the medium. Mechanisms like deflection of the initial partons or the evolution of a mach cone in the medium can lead to similar modifications of the jet structure on the away-side. An analysis based on three-particle correlations is presented which helps us to shed light on the origin of the observed away-side pattern

  20. Modification of the ρ meson detected by low-mass electron positron pairs in central PbAu collisions at 158A GeV/c

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ceres Collaboration; Adamová, D.; Agakichiev, G.; Antończyk, D.; Appelshäuser, H.; Belaga, V.; Bielcikova, J.; Braun-Munzinger, P.; Busch, O.; Cherlin, A.; Damjanović, S.; Dietel, T.; Dietrich, L.; Drees, A.; Dubitzky, W.; Esumi, S. I.; Filimonov, K.; Fomenko, K.; Fraenkel, Z.; Garabatos, C.; Glässel, P.; Holeczek, J.; Kushpil, V.; Maas, A.; Marín, A.; Milošević, J.; Milov, A.; Miśkowiec, D.; Panebrattsev, Yu.; Petchenova, O.; Petráček, V.; Pfeiffer, A.; Rak, J.; Ravinovich, I.; Rehak, P.; Sako, H.; Schmitz, W.; Sedykh, S.; Shimansky, S.; Stachel, J.; Šumbera, M.; Tilsner, H.; Tserruya, I.; Wessels, J. P.; Wienold, T.; Wurm, J. P.; Xie, W.; Yurevich, S.; Yurevich, V.

    2008-09-01

    We present a measurement of ee pair production in central PbAu collisions at 158A GeV/c. As reported earlier, a significant excess of the ee pair yield over the expectation from hadron decays is observed. The improved mass resolution of the present data set, recorded with the upgraded CERES experiment at the CERN-SPS, allows for a comparison of the data with different theoretical approaches. The data clearly favor a substantial in-medium broadening of the ρ spectral function over a density-dependent shift of the ρ pole mass. The in-medium broadening model implies that baryon induced interactions are the key mechanism to the observed modifications of the ρ meson at SPS energy.

  1. U-Pb and Pb-Pb study of the Murchison Greenstone Belt and of the Evander gold-bearing basin, South Africa. Implications for the evolution of the Kaapvaal craton

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Poujol, M.

    1997-01-01

    This study presents new U-Pb and Pb-Pb isotopic data for both the Central Rand Group from the Evander Goldfield and the Murchison Greenstone Belt (Republic of South Africa). The Evander Goldfield, where no previous isotopic data have been derived, is located in the eastern side of the Witwatersrand basin. The oldest age measured is ca. 3180 Ma, while the majority of detritus falls in the range 3050-2850 Ma. New growth of zircon (or isotopic resetting of older detritus) appears to have been associated with deposition of the Ventersdorp lavas at ca. 2.7 Ga. A small proportion of the pyrite, mainly extracted from unaltered sediments in the Kimberley Reef footwall, yields ages that are in excess of the minimum depositional age of the Witwatersrand Basin. Authigenic pyrite, as well as detrital grains from highly altered portions of the Kimberley Reef, define two main events. The Pb signature of the 2370 Ma event is probably associated with burial of the basin by the upper portion of the Transvaal sequence, and suggests circulation of highly radiogenic fluids. Isotopic signatures for the 2020 Ma event are probably related to Bushveld intrusion and/or Vredefort catastrophism, and appear to be associate with a fluid that was less radiogenic. The present study shows a number of new results which support a complex, multi-stage evolution and genesis of the Au-U deposits within the Witwatersrand Basin. The Murchison Greenstone Belt constitutes one of the world's largest antimony producing areas and also hosts gold, as well as volcanogenic massive sulfide Cu-Zn mineralization and emeralds. The goal of this study is to determine the age of the belt as well as the timing of mineralization and, also, to assess the potential role of granitoids in the ore-forming processes. The data identify an episode of greenstone formation between 3.09 Ga and 2.97 Ga. Three main magmatic events are identified at ca. 2.97, 2.82 and 2.68 Ga. Pyrites associated with both Sb-Au and Cu

  2. The effect of sintering temperature on the intergranular properties and weak link behavior of Bi2223 superconductors

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    P. Kameli

    2006-03-01

    Full Text Available  A systematic study of the intergranular properties of (Bi,Pb2 Sr2 Ca2 Cu3 Oy (Bi2223 polycrystalline samples has been done using the electrical resistivity and AC susceptibility techniques. In this study, we have prepared a series of Bi2223 samples with different sintering temperatures. The XRD results show that by increasing the sintering temperature up to 865° c , the Bi2212 phase fraction decreases. It was found that the Bi2212 phase on the grain boundaries is likely to play the role of the weak links and consequently reduces the intergranular critical current densities.

  3. Application of extended-crystal diffraction techniques to the symmetry and structure analysis of 221-PbBiSrCaCuO

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Goodman, P.; Miller, P.

    1993-01-01

    The discovery of a series of layer-perovskite superconducting compounds by Maeda et al. (1988) presented a challenge for present day electron diffraction techniques, due to their common occurrence as mixed phases, and the existence of complex structural modulations of more than one type. Cowley's (1976) theory developed specifically for describing diffraction effects from layered crystals having a micro-domainal sub-structure seems particularly well suited to the task of solving these structures, while the technique of extended-crystal diffraction is shown here to be capable of providing data of sufficient precision for this analysis. The present study is made on the 221 compound of PbBiSrCaCuO. Using the above diffraction techniques it is shown that the true symmetry of the whole structure is orthorhombic, Amaa, and not monoclinic as previously assumed, and that the superlattice reflections arise as a result of a basic microdomainal constitution, rather than from a uniform and incommensurate modulation. 8 figs

  4. Charge retention characteristics of (Bi,La)4Ti3O12 capacitors : comparison with Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 capacitors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yoon, J. G.; Kim, D. J.; So, Y. W.

    2005-01-01

    We investigated the retention characteristics of (Bi,La) 4 Ti 3 O 12 (BLT) capacitors with Pt electrodes and compared them with Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 (PZT) capacitors in the same- and opposite-state retentions. Polarization relaxations in short-time regime (t < 100 s) were well described by a power-law decay function, but the polarization relaxation of BLT was more significant than that of PZT. We discuss the difference in the relaxation process of polarization in conjunction with film microstructures and magnitudes of polarization for BLT and PZT. In long-time opposite-state retention, BLT capacitors showed much better characteristics than PZT. For both BLT and PZT, the opposite-state retention loss was governed by the development of an internal field during retention. For BLT capacitors, internal field development was much weaker than for PZT after retention, resulting in a good opposite-state retention. Structural and electrical properties are discussed in conjunction with the retention characteristics of the materials.

  5. Adsorption of volatile metals on the metallic surfaces and the possibilities for its application in nuclear chemistry and physics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Eichler, B.; Hubener, S.; Rossbach, H.; Zhujkov, B.L.

    1981-01-01

    Thermochromatographic experiments with trace amounts of radioactive elements in various metallic columns have been carried out: Rb, Ra, Sm on Ti; Na, K, Mg, Ra, Eu, Yb, Sm on Mo; Pb, Bi, Ti on Ni; Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Zn on Au. From the results of these experiments the differential standard adsorption heat of the adsorbates have been obtained applying two approximate models of the adsorption - mobile and localized ones. The differential molar adsorption heat was calculated as a function of the standard sublimation enthalpy, the differential solution enthalpy in solid state, the molar volume of the adsorbate, and the formation energy of defects in the adsorbents lattice [ru

  6. Direct observation of interlayer Josephson vortices in heavily Pb-doped Bi2Sr2CaCu2Oy by scanning superconducting quantum interference device microscopy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kasai, Junpei; Hasegawa, Tetsuya; Okazaki, Noriaki; Koinuma, Hideomi; Nakayama, Yuri; Shimoyama, Jun-ichi; Kishio, Kohji; Motohashi, Teruki; Matsumoto, Yuji

    2006-01-01

    Josephson vortices trapped in cross-sectional edge surfaces of Pb 0.6 Bi 1.4 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O y has been directly observed by using a scanning superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) microscope. The magnetic field distribution B z around each vortex is substantially anisotropic, compared with the usual vortex in the ab-plane, and is extended over 100 μm toward the in-plane direction. By fitting a theoretical B z function to experimental ones, c-axis penetration depth λ c was estimated to be 11.2 ±0.7 μm, which is in good agreement with the literature value, 12.6 μm, obtained from the Josephson plasma edge frequency. (author)

  7. Superconducting Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O thin films from metallo-organic complexes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gruber, H.; Krautz, E.; Fritzer, H.P.; Popitsch, A.

    1991-01-01

    Thin films in the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system are produced by decomposition of organic precursor compounds containing different metallo-organic complexes. The superconducting phase identified is Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8+x on (100)-MgO single crystal substrates, polycrystalline Au- and Ag-ribbons and Bi 2 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 10+x on Ag-ribbons. For the 2212-phase a zero resistance temperature of 79 K is found. The 2223-samples on Ag-ribbons show a broad transition at 110 K with a zero resistance at 85 K. SEM and EDX are used for the detection of the microstructure and composition of the prepared films. (orig.)

  8. A novel bi-protein bio-interphase of cytochrome c and glucose oxidase: Electron transfer and electrocatalysis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Song, Yonghai; Liu, Hongyu; Wang, Yu; Wang, Li

    2013-01-01

    Graphical abstract: Glucose oxidase (GOD) and cytochrome c (Cyt c) were co-entrapped in the poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)–graphene nanosheets–gold nanoparticles (PDDA–Gp–AuNPs) nanocomposites modified glassy carbon electrode. Electron transfer and electrocatalysis of the novel bi-protein bio-interphase were investigated. The bio-interphase developed here not only successfully achieved DET of GOD, but also showed great potential for the fabrication of novel glucose biosensors with linear response up to 18 mM. Highlights: ► A bio-interphase composed of cytochrome c and glucose oxidase was developed. ► The electron transfer in the bio-interphase was investigated. ► Electrocatalytic performances of bio-interphase were explored. ► The bio-interphase exhibited good electrocatalytic response glucose. - Abstract: Glucose oxidase (GOD) and cytochrome c (Cyt c) were co-entrapped in the poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)–graphene nanosheets–gold nanoparticles (PDDA–Gp–AuNPs) hybrid nanocomposites modified glassy carbon electrode to prepare a novel bi-protein bio-interphase. Electron transfer and electrocatalysis of the bi-protein bio-interphase were investigated in detail. The results showed that the PDDA–Gp–AuNPs nanocomposites accelerated the electron transfer between proteins and electrode. The bi-protein exhibited effective direct electron transfer (DET) reaction with an apparent rate constant (k s ) of 2.36 s −1 . The optimal molar ratio and total amount of Cyt c and GOD in the bio-interphase for DET of GOD was estimated to be about 3:1 and 1.40 nmol, respectively. The bi-protein bio-interphase could be used to detect glucose based on the consumption of O 2 with the oxidation of glucose catalyzed by GOD. The resulted biosensor exhibits wide linear range from 2.0 to 18.0 mM. Thus, this study not only successfully achieved DET of GOD, but also constructed a novel biosensor for glucose detection

  9. A study of the 208Pb + 197Au reaction at 29 MeV/u through the associated neutron multiplicity

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bresson, S.

    1993-01-01

    The investigation of this heavy symmetric system has been carried out through the study of the associated neutron multiplicity. The experimental techniques and data processing are first described, with emphasis on the Orion neutron detector and the hodoscope used to detect the charged reaction products at forward angles. It is shown that the neutron multiplicity is a good measure of the violence of the collision and a good way to characterize the different modes of the reaction. The fission of the quasi-projectile is then characterized and is shown to occur for peripheral collisions. Using simulations, the minimal values of the angular momentum transferred to the quasi-projectile are determined. The results of dynamical calculations using the Landau Vlasov equation are described, which show the importance of angular momentum. It is demonstrated that, at 29 MeV/u, the Pb + Au collision is still governed by deep inelastic reactions in which angular momentum in the exit channel plays an important role

  10. Limitations of Cs3Bi2I9 as lead-free photovoltaic absorber materials.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ghosh, Biplab; Wu, Bo; Mulmudi, Hemant Kumar; Guet, Claude; Weber, Klaus; Sum, Tze Chien; Mhaisalkar, Subodh G; Mathews, Nripan

    2018-01-17

    Lead (Pb) halide perovskites have attracted tremendous attention in recent years due to their rich optoelectronic properties, which have resulted in more than 22% power conversion efficient photovoltaics. Nevertheless, Pb-metal toxicity remains a huge hurdle for extensive applications of these compounds. Thus, alternative compounds with similar optoelectronic properties need to be developed. Bismuth possesses similar electronic structure as that of lead with the presence of ns2 electrons that exhibit rich structural variety as well as interesting optical and electronic properties. Herein, we critically assess Cs3Bi2I9 as a candidate for thin-film solar cell absorber. Despite a reasonable optical bandgap (~2eV) and absorption coefficient, the power conversion efficiency of the Cs3Bi2I9 mesoscopic solar cells was found to be severely lacking, limited by poor photocurrent density. The efficiency of the Cs3Bi2I9 solar cell can be slightly improved by changing the stoichiometry of the precursor solutions. We have investigated the possible reasons behind the poor performance of Cs3Bi2I9 by transient absorption and luminescence spectroscopy. Comparison between thin-films and single crystals highlights the presence of intrinsic defects in thin-films which act as nonradiative recombination centers.

  11. Heavy ion coulomb excitation and gamma decay studies of the one and two phonon giant dipole resonances in 208Pb and 209Bi

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mueller, P.E.; Beene, J.R.; Bertrand, F.E.; Halbert, M.L.; Olive, D.H.; Varner, R.L.; Sherrill, B.; Thoennessen, M.; Lautridou, P.; Lefevre, F.; Marques, M.; Matulewicz, T.; Mittig, W.; Ostendorf, R.; Roussel-Chomaz, P.; Schutz, Y.; Pol, J. van; Wilschut, H.W.; Diaz, J.; Ferrero, J.L.; Marin, A.

    1994-01-01

    Projectile - phonon coincidences were measured for the scattering of an 80 MeV/nucleon 64 Zn beam from 208 Pb and 209 Bi targets at the GANIL heavy ion accelerator facility. Projectile-like particles between 0.5 and 4.5 relative to the incident beam direction were detected in the SPEG energy loss spectrometer where their momentum, charge, and mass were determined. Photons were detected in the BaF 2 scintillation detector array TAPS. Light charged particles produced in the reaction were detected in the KVI Forward Wall. The analysis of the data acquired in this experiment is focused on three different phenomena: (1) the two phonon giant dipole resonance, (2) time dependence of the decay of the one phonon giant dipole resonance, and (3) giant resonance strength in projectile nuclei. (orig.)

  12. Selective visual detection of Pb(II) ion via gold nanoparticles coated with a dithiocarbamate-modified 4′-aminobenzo-18-crown-6

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mehta, Vaibhavkumar N.; Kailasa, Suresh Kumar; Solanki, Jignasa N.

    2014-01-01

    We have developed a crown ether based selective colorimetric sensing scheme for the determination of Pb(II) ion by using gold nanoparticles modified with dithiocarbamate derivative of 4′-aminobenzo-18-crown-6 that acts as a colorimetric probe. Monodisperse Au-NPs were prepared by reacting 4′-aminobenzo-18-crown-6 with carbon disulfide to generate the dithiocarbamate ligand which was then added to the Au-NPs to form a supramolecular assembly on their surface. The Au-NPs modified in this way undergo aggregation in the presence of Pb(II) ions, and this causes the color to change from red to blue. The Pb(II)-induced aggregation can be monitored by using UV-visible spectrometry and even with the bare eye. The absorbance ratio (A 650nm /A 520nm ) is linearly related to the concentration of Pb(II) in the 0.1 to 75 μM range (with a correlation coefficient of 0.9957), and the detection limit is 50 nM which is lower than the allowable level (75 nM) as defined by the US EPA. The method was successfully applied to the determination of Pb(II) in spiked water samples. (author)

  13. Improving the Photo-Oxidative Performance of Bi2MoO6 by Harnessing the Synergy between Spatial Charge Separation and Rational Co-Catalyst Deposition.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wu, Xuelian; Hart, Judy N; Wen, Xiaoming; Wang, Liang; Du, Yi; Dou, Shi Xue; Ng, Yun Hau; Amal, Rose; Scott, Jason

    2018-03-21

    It has been reported that photogenerated electrons and holes can be directed toward specific crystal facets of a semiconductor particle, which is believed to arise from the differences in their surface electronic structures, suggesting that different facets can act as either photoreduction or photo-oxidation sites. This study examines the propensity for this effect to occur in faceted, plate-like bismuth molybdate (Bi 2 MoO 6 ), which is a useful photocatalyst for water oxidation. Photoexcited electrons and holes are shown to be spatially separated toward the {100} and {001}/{010} facets of Bi 2 MoO 6 , respectively, by facet-dependent photodeposition of noble metals (Pt, Au, and Ag) and metal oxides (PbO 2 , MnO x , and CoO x ). Theoretical calculations revealed that differences in energy levels between the conduction bands and valence bands of the {100} and {001}/{010} facets can contribute to electrons and holes being drawn to different surfaces of the plate-like Bi 2 MoO 6 . Utilizing this knowledge, the photo-oxidative capability of Bi 2 MoO 6 was improved by adding an efficient water oxidation co-catalyst, CoO x , to the system, whereby the extent of enhancement was shown to be governed by the co-catalyst location. A greater oxygen evolution occurred when CoO x was selectively deposited on the hole-rich {001}/{010} facets of Bi 2 MoO 6 compared to when CoO x was randomly located across all of the facets. The elevated performance exhibited for the selectively loaded CoO x /Bi 2 MoO 6 was ascribed to the greater opportunity for hole trapping by the co-catalyst being accentuated over other potentially detrimental effects, such as the co-catalyst acting as a recombination medium and/or covering reactive sites. The results indicate that harnessing the synergy between the spatial charge separation and the co-catalyst location on the appropriate facets of plate-like Bi 2 MoO 6 can promote its photocatalytic activity.

  14. Cs2AgBiBr6 single-crystal X-ray detectors with a low detection limit

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pan, Weicheng; Wu, Haodi; Luo, Jiajun; Deng, Zhenzhou; Ge, Cong; Chen, Chao; Jiang, Xiaowei; Yin, Wan-Jian; Niu, Guangda; Zhu, Lujun; Yin, Lixiao; Zhou, Ying; Xie, Qingguo; Ke, Xiaoxing; Sui, Manling; Tang, Jiang

    2017-11-01

    Sensitive X-ray detection is crucial for medical diagnosis, industrial inspection and scientific research. The recently described hybrid lead halide perovskites have demonstrated low-cost fabrication and outstanding performance for direct X-ray detection, but they all contain toxic Pb in a soluble form. Here, we report sensitive X-ray detectors using solution-processed double perovskite Cs2AgBiBr6 single crystals. Through thermal annealing and surface treatment, we largely eliminate Ag+/Bi3+ disordering and improve the crystal resistivity, resulting in a detector with a minimum detectable dose rate as low as 59.7 nGyair s-1, comparable to the latest record of 0.036 μGyair s-1 using CH3NH3PbBr3 single crystals. Suppressed ion migration in Cs2AgBiBr6 permits relatively large external bias, guaranteeing efficient charge collection without a substantial increase in noise current and thus enabling the low detection limit.

  15. Behavior of steels in flowing liquid PbBi eutectic alloy at 420-600 deg. C after 4000-7200 h

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mueller, G.; Heinzel, A.; Konys, J.; Schumacher, G.; Weisenburger, A.; Zimmermann, F.; Engelko, V.; Rusanov, A.; Markov, V.

    2004-01-01

    This paper presents the results of steel exposure up to 7200 h in flowing LBE at elevated temperatures and is a follow-up paper of that with results of an exposure of up to 2000 h. The examined AISI 316 L, 1.4970 austenitic and MANET 10Cr martensitic steels are suitable as a structural material in LBE (liquid eutectic Pb 45 Bi 55 ) up to 550 deg. C, if 10 -6 wt% of oxygen is dissolved in the LBE. The martensitic steel develops a thick magnetite and spinel layer while the austenites have thin spinel surface layers at 420 deg. C and thick oxide scales like the martensitic steel at 550 deg. C. The oxide scales protect the steels from dissolution attack by LBE during the whole test period of 7200 h. Oxide scales that spall off are replaced by new protective ones. At 600 deg. C severe attack occurs already after 2000 and 4000 h of exposure. Steels with 8-15 wt% Al alloyed into the surface suffer no corrosion attack at all experimental temperatures and exposure times

  16. Effect of nano Ni additions on the structure and properties of Sn-9Zn and Sn-Zn-3Bi solders in Au/Ni/Cu ball grid array packages

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gain, Asit Kumar [Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong (Hong Kong); Chan, Y.C. [Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong (Hong Kong)], E-mail: eeycchan@cityu.edu.hk; Yung, Winco K.C. [Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon (Hong Kong)

    2009-05-25

    The effect of nano Ni additions in Sn-9Zn and Sn-8Zn-3Bi solders on their interfacial microstructures and shear loads with Au/Ni/Cu pad metallization in ball grid array (BGA) applications were investigated. After the addition of nano Ni powder in Sn-based lead-free solders, there were no significant changes in the interfacial microstructure. But, in the solder region a very fine Zn-rich phase was observed. Also on the fracture surfaces a fine Zn-Ni compound was found. After the addition of nano Ni powder in Sn-based solders, the shear loads were increased due to a refinement of the microstructure and in addition, ductile fracture surfaces were clearly observed. The shear loads of the plain Sn-9Zn and Sn-8Zn-3Bi solders after one reflow cycle were about 1798 g and 2059 g, respectively. After the addition of nano Ni powder, their loads were about 2172 g and 2212 g, respectively, after one reflow cycle and their shear loads after eight reflow cycles were about 2099 g and 2081 g, respectively.

  17. Effect of nano Ni additions on the structure and properties of Sn-9Zn and Sn-Zn-3Bi solders in Au/Ni/Cu ball grid array packages

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gain, Asit Kumar; Chan, Y.C.; Yung, Winco K.C.

    2009-01-01

    The effect of nano Ni additions in Sn-9Zn and Sn-8Zn-3Bi solders on their interfacial microstructures and shear loads with Au/Ni/Cu pad metallization in ball grid array (BGA) applications were investigated. After the addition of nano Ni powder in Sn-based lead-free solders, there were no significant changes in the interfacial microstructure. But, in the solder region a very fine Zn-rich phase was observed. Also on the fracture surfaces a fine Zn-Ni compound was found. After the addition of nano Ni powder in Sn-based solders, the shear loads were increased due to a refinement of the microstructure and in addition, ductile fracture surfaces were clearly observed. The shear loads of the plain Sn-9Zn and Sn-8Zn-3Bi solders after one reflow cycle were about 1798 g and 2059 g, respectively. After the addition of nano Ni powder, their loads were about 2172 g and 2212 g, respectively, after one reflow cycle and their shear loads after eight reflow cycles were about 2099 g and 2081 g, respectively.

  18. Electrical properties of Pb(Zr{sub 0.52}Ti{sub 0.48})O{sub 3}–BiFeO{sub 3} multilayers on non-platinized silicon substrate

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Dutta, Shankar, E-mail: shankardutta77@gmail.com [Solid State Physics Laboratory, DRDO, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054 (India); Chatterjee, Ratnamala [Department of Physics, IIT Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016 (India)

    2015-08-15

    Highlights: • A Pb(Zr{sub 0.52}Ti{sub 0.48})O{sub 3}/BiFeO{sub 3} multilayer film is deposited on a silicon substrate. • The phase, crystalline structure, and morphology of the film are studied. • The magnetic property of the film is studied. • In the absence of the bottom electrode, interdigitated terminal (IDTs) structures are fabricated on top of the film. • The electrical properties of the film are studied. - Abstract: In this study, a Pb(Zr{sub 0.52}Ti{sub 0.48})O{sub 3}/BiFeO{sub 3} (PZT–BFO) multilayer film is deposited by the sol–gel technique on a silicon substrate. Prior to the multilayer deposition, a ZrO{sub 2} buffer layer is introduced. The multilayer thin film shows the polycrystalline phase-pure perovskite structures of BFO and PZT. Surface morphology study indicates that the grain size of the film varies from 20 to 30 nm. In the absence of the bottom electrode, the electrical properties of the film are studied in-plane by fabricating interdigitated terminals (IDTs) on top of the film. The inter-IDT line gap is kept large (10 μm) to avoid shorting due to unintentional particle contamination. The remnant polarization of the film is found to be ∼35 μC/cm{sup 2} at a 100-V bias. The dielectric constant of the film is found to be 650 at 1 kHz. The film also showed a low leakage current density of ∼4 × 10{sup −9} A/cm{sup 2} at 200 kV/cm.

  19. Study of photon interactions and shielding properties of silicate glasses containing Bi2O3, BaO and PbO in the energy region of 1 keV to 100 GeV

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chanthima, N.; Kaewkhao, J.; Limsuwan, P.

    2012-01-01

    Highlights: ► Interaction photon with of silicate glasses containing PbO, BaO and Bi 2 O 3 studied. ► All interactions were changed with energy and composition of glasses. ► Shielding properties of glasses are better than some standard shielding materials. - Abstract: The mass attenuation coefficient (μ/ρ), effective atomic number (Z eff ), effective electron density (N e,eff ) and half-value layer (HVL) of xR m O n :(1 − x)SiO 2 glass system (where R m O n are Bi 2 O 3 , PbO and BaO, with 0.3 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.7 is fraction by weight) have been calculated by theoretical approach using WinXCom program in the energy region from 1 keV to 100 GeV. Also, the HVL of these glass samples has been compared with some standard shielding concretes. The variations of μ/ρ, Z eff , N e,eff and HVL with energy are shown graphically only for total photon interaction. It has been observed that the value of these parameters has been changed with energy and composition of the silicate glasses. The better shielding properties of glass samples were obtained compared with some standard shielding concretes. These results indicated that glasses in the present study can be used as radiation shielding materials.

  20. Portuguese granites associated with Sn-W and Au mineralizations

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana M.R. Neiva

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available In northern and central Portugal, there are different tin-bearing granites. Most of them are of S-type, others have mixed characteristics of I-type and S-type granites and a few are of I-type. Tin-tungsten deposits are commonly associated with Hercynian tin-bearing S-type granites. Some quartz veins with wolframite are associated with an I-type granite, which has a low Sn content. In suites of tin-bearing S-type granitic rocks, Sn content increases as a function of the degree of fractional crystallization. Greisenizations of two-mica S-type granites associated with tin-tungsten mineralizations are accompanied by an increase in SiO2, H2O+, Sn, W, Nb, Ta, Rb, Zn, and Pb and decrease in MgO, Na2O, V, Sc,Zr, and Sr. The granite associated with the Jales gold deposit is of S-type and strongly differentiated like the tin-bearing S-type granites, but it has a very low Sn content. During fractional crystallization, Si, Rb, Sn, Pb, Au, As, Sb, and S increase. During increasing degree of hydrothermal alteration of this granite at the gold-quartz vein walls, there are progressive increases in K2O, H2O+, Sn, Cs, Cu, Pb, Au, Sb, As, and S.

  1. 208Pb(16O,15O)209Pb reaction

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Becchetti, F.D.; Harvey, B.G.; Kovar, D.; Mahoney, J.; Maguire, C.; Scott, D.K.

    1975-01-01

    The neutron levels in 209 Pb have been studied with the 208 Pb( 16 O, 15 O) reaction at a bomdarding energy of 139 MeV. Spectroscopic factors (S) have been deduced using a finite-range distorted-wave Born approximation (DWBA) with recoil. The 2g 9 / 2 , 1i 11 / 2 , 2g 7 / 2 , and 3d 3 / 2 levels are found to have S approximately-greater-than 0.9 while S approx. = 0.7 for the 1j 15 / 2 level at 1.4 MeV excitation. Evidence is found for other 1j 15 / 2 fragments being at 3.05 MeV and approx. 3.8 MeV with S approx. = 0.08 and 0.26, respectively, which would place the centroid of the 1j 15 / 2 level at E/subx/ approx. = 2.2 MeV. DWBA predicts a shift in the maxima of the angular distributions as a function of Q value which is not observed experimentally. A comparison with the proton transfer reaction 208 Pb( 16 O, 15 N) 209 Bi has been used to deduce the geometrical parameters of a neutron shell model potential appropriate for nuclei with A approximately-greater-than 200. The parameters of this Wood-Saxon potential are: V/subR/=-50.5 MeV,r/subR/=1.19 fm, a/subR/=0.75 fm, V)=-5.5 MeV, r)=1.01 fm, and a)=0.75 fm

  2. First principles study of (Cd, Hg, In, Tl, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, Bi, Se) modified Pt(111), Pt(100) and Pt(211) electrodes as CO oxidation catalysts

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Tripkovic, Vladimir

    2015-01-01

    . The coverage dependence as a function of potential for ten different adatom species (Cd, Hg, In, Tl, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, Bi, Se) on bare and CO saturated Pt(111), Pt(100) and Pt(211) surfaces has been established by means of Density Functional Theory calculations. Most of the adatoms are very stable under standard......, given by the OH formation potentials from water, is dependent on the oxophilicity of the adatoms, and is found to scale almost inversely with the adatom stability. In electrolyte solutions saturated with CO, the stability reduces to roughly half of that on bare Pt surfaces. Irrespective of the CO...

  3. Reaction products between Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-oxide thick films and alumina substrates

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Alarco, J.A.; Ilushechkin, A.; Yamashita, T.; Bhargava, A.; Barry, J.; Mackinnon, I.D.R.

    1997-01-01

    The structure and composition of reaction products between Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-oxide (BSCCO) thick films and alumina substrates have been characterized using a combination of electron diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX). Sr and Ca are found to be the most reactive cations with alumina. Sr 4 Al 6 O 12 SO 4 is formed between the alumina substrates and BSCCO thick films prepared from paste with composition close to Bi-2212 (and Bi-2212+10 wt.% Ag). For paste with composition close to Bi(Pb)-2223 +20 wt.% Ag, a new phase with f.c.c. structure, lattice parameter about a=24.5 A and approximate composition Al 3 Sr 2 CaBi 2 CuO x has been identified in the interface region. Understanding and control of these reactions is essential for growth of high quality BSCCO thick films on alumina. (orig.)

  4. Spectroscopic features of Ni(2+) ion in PbO-Bi2O3-SiO2 glass system.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Suresh, B; Srinivasa Reddy, M; Siva Sesha Reddy, A; Gandhi, Y; Ravi Kumar, V; Veeraiah, N

    2015-04-15

    Glasses of the composition (30-x)PbO-5Bi2O3-65SiO2: xNiO (with x ranging from 0 to 1.0 mol%) were synthesized. A variety of spectroscopic studies, viz., IR, Raman optical absorption and luminescence properties of these glasses have been carried out as a function of NiO concentration. The analysis of results of all these studies has indicated that the nickel ions occupy both octahedral and tetrahedral positions. However, with the increase of NiO concentration the octahedral occupancy of Ni(2+) ions prevailed over the tetrahedral ions. The luminescence spectra of these glasses have exhibited a broad NIR emission band in region 1100-1500 nm. This band is identified as being due to (3)T2(3F)→(3)A2(3F) octahedral transition of Ni(2+) ions. The luminescence efficiency and cross section have been found to be the highest for the glass containing the highest concentration of NiO. The reasons for such high luminescence efficiency have been discussed in the light of structural variations taking place in the host glass network. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  5. Two- and three-particle azimuthal correlations of high-$p_{t}$ charged hadrons in Pb - Au collisions at 158A GeV/c

    CERN Document Server

    Kniege, S; Ploskon, M; Kniege, Stefan; Ploskon, Mateusz

    2007-01-01

    Azimuthal correlations of hadrons with high transverse momenta serve as a measure to study the energy loss and the fragmentation pattern of jets emerging from hard parton-parton interactions in heavy ion collisions. Preliminary results from the CERES experiment on two- and three-particle correlations in central Pb-Au collisions are presented. A strongly non-Gaussian shape on the away-side of the two-particle correlation function is observed, indicating significant interactions of the emerging partons with the medium. Mechanisms like deflection of the initial partons or the evolution of a mach cone in the medium can lead to similar modifications of the jet structure on the away-side. An analysis based on three-particle correlations is presented which helps to shed light on the origin of the observed away-side pattern.

  6. Modification of the $\\rho$-meson detected by low-mass electron-positron pairs in central Pb - Au collisions at 158 A GeV/c

    CERN Document Server

    Adamová, D; Appelshäuser, H; Belaga, V; Bielcikova, J; Braun-munziger, P; Busch, O; Cherlin, A; Damjanovic, S; Dietel, T; Dietrich, L; Drees, A; Esumi, S I; Filimonov, K; Fomenko, K; Fraenkel, Zeev; Garabatos, C; Glssel, P; Holeczek, J; Kushpil, V; Ludolphs, a W; Maas, A; Marn, A; Miloevi, J; Milov, A; Mikowiec, D; Panebrattsev, iscs Yu; Petchenova, O; Petrek, V; Pfeiffer, A; Rak, J; Ravinovich, acI; Sako, H; Schmitz, W; Sedykh, S; Shimansky, S; Stachel, J; Sumbera, M; Tilsner, H; Tserruya, Itzhak; Wessels, J P; Wienold, T; Wurm, J P; Xie, W; Yurevich, S; Yurevich, V

    2008-01-01

    We present a measurement of $e^+e^-$ pair production in central Pb-Au collisions at 158$A$ GeV/$c$. As reported earlier, a significant excess of the $e^+e^-$ pair yield over the expectation from hadron decays is observed. The improved mass resolution of the present data set, recorded with the upgraded CERES experiment at the CERN-SPS, allows for a comparison of the data with different theoretical approaches. The data clearly favor a substantial in-medium broadening of the $\\rho$ spectral function over a density-dependent shift of the $\\rho$ pole mass at SPS energy. The in-medium broadening model implies that baryon induced interactions are the key mechanism to in-medium modifications of the $\\rho$-meson in the hot fireball.

  7. Microscopic fracture of filaments and its relation to the critical current under bending deformation in (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 composite superconducting tapes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hojo, Masaki; Nakamura, Mitsuhiro; Matsuoka, Tomoe; Tanaka, Mototsugu; Ochiai, Shojiro; Sugano, Michinaka; Osamura, Kozo

    2003-01-01

    The strain dependence of the critical current, I c , of (Bi,Pb) 2 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 10 (Bi2223)/Ag/Ag-Mg composite superconducting tapes has been studied both experimentally and analytically under bending deformation. Tests have been carried out for one type of tape used in the VAMAS bending round-robin programme. The complex stress-strain behaviour of each component was first analysed in tension. This was done by comparing the stress-strain curves of composite tapes with those of Ag and Ag-Mg alloy tapes. Here, the plastic deformation (work hardening) of Ag and Ag-Mg alloy, and the thermal residual strain due to the manufacturing process were taken into account. The fracture strain of Bi2223 filaments was inversely determined as 0.08% to meet the global tensile stress-strain curve of the composite tape. The calculated stress-strain curves finally agreed well with the experimental results when the as-supplied bending strain was taken into account. Then, the analysis was modified to fit the bending deformation. Here, the movement of the neutral axis due to the non-symmetric and elastic-plastic stress-strain curves of the components and their Bauschinger effect were taken into account. The relative decrease of I c with the increase in the Bi2223 tape curvature was calculated from the volume fraction of the broken filaments. The calculated I c agreed well with the experimental results when the movement of the neutral axis and the Bauschinger effect were taken into account. Microscopic observation of the spatial distribution of the filament fracture indicated that the damage occurred at the outermost layer on the tensile side when the curvature was small, and then the damage front shifted to the inside layers. The observed fracture behaviour of the Bi2223 filament agreed well with the estimated location based on the above analysis

  8. Facile fabrication of a novel 3D graphene framework/Bi nanoparticle film for ultrasensitive electrochemical assays of heavy metal ions

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Shi, Lei [State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008 (China); Li, Yangyang; Rong, Xiaojiao [School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094 (China); Wang, Yan [State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008 (China); Ding, Shiming, E-mail: smding@niglas.ac.cn [State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008 (China)

    2017-05-22

    In this work, a novel 3D graphene framework/Bi nanoparticle (GF/BiNP) film was fabricated with a facile preparation route. 3D graphene framework with porous structures was electrochemically reduced and in situ assembled on the electrode, and BiNPs with tunable morphologies were highly dispersed on the framework by a chemical reduction. Newly-designed 3D GF/BiNP film possessed a significantly large active area, fast electron transfer ability, high mass transfer efficiency, and excellent structure stability and binding strength on electrode. To demonstrate its superior ability, electrochemical sensors for the assay of heavy metal ions were constructed. As a result, a simultaneous assay of Pb{sup 2+} and Cd{sup 2+} with ultralow detection limits (0.02 μg L{sup −1} of Pb{sup 2+} and 0.05 μg L{sup −1} of Cd{sup 2+}, S/N = 3) and a wide linear range from 1 to 120 μg L{sup −1} was achieved. Meanwhile, a separate analysis of Zn{sup 2+} was performed to get optimum responses, in which a low detection limit of 4.0 μg L{sup −1} (S/N = 3) with a linear range from 40 to 300 μg L{sup −1} was observed, confirming the versatility of the GF/BiNP film in the detection of heavy metal ions. Moreover, excellent repeatability, reproducibility and stability, and reliable assays in real water samples were realized with constructed sensors. Due to its convenient preparation, favorable structures and excellent properties, prepared 3D GF/BiNP film will find great potential for advanced applications in environment, biomedicine and energy systems. - Highlights: • A novel 3D graphene framework/Bi nanoparticle (GF/BiNP) film is prepared. • Porous graphene framework is in situ assembled on the electrode. • BiNPs with tunable morphologies are highly dispersed on the framework. • Newly-designed 3D GF/BiNP film possesses excellent properties. • Sensitive electrochemical sensors for Pb{sup 2+}, Cd{sup 2+} and Zn{sup 2+} are constructed.

  9. Thermally activated dissipation and critical field Hc2 in c-oriented high-Tc Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O thin film

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wang, Y.H.; Cui, C.G.; Zhang, Y.Z.; Li, S.L.; Li, J.; Li, L.

    1991-01-01

    A set of resistivity-temperature (R-T) curves measured under various applied fields in a high-T c Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O thin film which has a zero-resistance temperature T c0 of 110 K is reported. The remarkable broadening of the transition width is discussed under the flux-creep model, considering the very short coherence length of this oxide superconductor. The resistivity is thermally activated, which is consistent with the Arrhenius law with a magnetic field and orientation-dependent activation energy U 0 (H,Θ). The U 0 (H,Θ) has a very high value of 381.6 meV under a field of 0.1 T parallel to the c axis. The upper critical field H c2 determined from these R-T curves shows high values and the effect of flux creep to the H c2 (0) is examined by the irreversible behavior with the ''giant'' flux-creep model

  10. Thermal hydraulic analysis of Pb-Bi cooled HYPER fuel assemblies using SLTHEN code

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tak, Nam Il; Song, Tae Y.; Park, Won S.; Kim, Chang Hyun

    2002-12-01

    In the present work, the existing SLTHEN code, which had been originally developed for subchannel analysis of sodium cooled fast reactors, was modified and applied to the Pb-Bi cooled HYPER core which consists of 237 fuel assemblies (TRU assemblies). In the analysis of single fuel assembly having chopped cosine power profile, the validation and the assessment of usefulness of the modified SLTHEN were focused. In the quantitative comparison, the results of the modified SLTHEN agreed well with those of analytical calculations and of MATRA. For the qualitative approaches, the sensitivity calculations for intra-assembly gap flow and turbulent mixing parameter were used. The sensitivity analysis results showed that the modified SLTHEN can provide reasonable simulations of subchannel thermal hydraulics. In particular, turbulent mixing parameter which is known as the most uncertain parameter in subchannel analyses did not affect largely the maximum cladding temperature. Therefore, it can be said that the results of single assembly show the usefulness of the modified SLTHEN code for thermal hydraulic analysis and design of HYPER under the conceptual design stage. In order to assess intra-assembly heat transfer, subchannel analyses were implemented for two types of 7 assemblies; 1) artificial 7 fuel assemblies to maximize intra-assembly heat transfer, 2) central 7 fuel assemblies in the HYPER reference core. The results showed that the modified SLTHEN can reasonably simulate intra-heat transfer and the amount of intra-assembly heat transfer is not so large in HYPER conditions. Particularly, intra-heat transfer did not affect the maximum coolant and the maximum cladding temperatures which are major parameters in conceptual core designs. The capability of full core thermal hydraulic analysis was confirmed by the analysis of 45 fuel assemblies in 1/6 HYPER core at the first cycle. The SLTHEN predicted that the reference design parameters are acceptable in terms of thermal

  11. Investigation of structural and electrical properties of (1 - x) Bi0.5Mg0.5TiO3-(x) PbTiO3 ceramic system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rai, Radheshyam; Sinha, Abinhav; Sharmac, Seema; Sinha, N.K.P.

    2009-01-01

    [(BiMg 0.5 Ti 0.5 O 3 ) 1-x ][PbTiO 3 ] x (BMT-PT) ceramic powders of different compositions were prepared by solid-state reaction method. X-ray diffraction analysis of the compounds suggest the structural change (rhombohedral to tetragonal) in these ceramics. SEM photographs exhibit the uniform distribution of grains with less porosity. Polarization vs. electric field (P-E) studies show maximum remanent polarization (P r ∼ 7.9 μC/cm 2 ) for composition x = 0.34. The dielectric peaks were found to be broadened that indicates the existence of diffuse phase transition. Diffusivity (γ) study of phase transition in these compounds provided values between 1 and 2 indicating the variation of degree of disorderness in the system.

  12. Preparation and characterization of Ag-added Bi1⋅84Pb0 ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Unknown

    microscopy (SEM), electrical transport and a.c. susceptibility techniques. The tube ... high current conductor is high Jc. However, non-textured, porous structure with ... contact resistance studies on Ag added (0–25 wt%) Bi-. 2223 bulk tubes ...

  13. Anodic stripping voltammetric determination of traces of Pb(II) and Cd(II) using a glassy carbon electrode modified with bismuth nanoparticles

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yang, Die; Wang, Liang; Chen, Zuliang; Megharaj, Mallavarapu; Naidu, Ravi

    2014-01-01

    We report on a glassy carbon electrode modified with bismuth nanoparticles (NanoBiE) for the simultaneous determination Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ by anodic stripping voltammetry. Operational parameters such as bismuth nanoparticles labelling amount, deposition potential, deposition time and stripping parameters were optimized with respect to the determination of Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ in 0.1 M acetate buffer solution (pH 4.5). The NanoBiE gives well-defined, reproducible and sharp stripping peaks. The peak current response increases linearly with the metal concentration in a range of 5.0–60.0 μg L −1 , with a detection limit of 0.8 and 0.4 μg L −1 for Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ , respectively. The morphology and composition of the modified electrode before and after voltammetric measurements were analysed by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The NanoBiE was successfully applied to analysis of Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ in real water samples and the method was validated by ICP-MS technique, suggesting that the electrode can be considered as an interesting alternative to the bismuth film electrode for possible use in electrochemical studies and electro analysis. (author)

  14. BiI{sub 3} single crystal for room-temperature gamma ray detectors

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Saito, T., E-mail: saito.tatsuya125@canon.co.jp [Frontier Research Center, Canon Inc., 3-30-2, Shimomaruko, Ohta-ku, Tokyo 146-8501 (Japan); Iwasaki, T. [Frontier Research Center, Canon Inc., 3-30-2, Shimomaruko, Ohta-ku, Tokyo 146-8501 (Japan); Kurosawa, S.; Yoshikawa, A. [Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577 (Japan); New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University, 6-6-10 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579 (Japan); Den, T. [Frontier Research Center, Canon Inc., 3-30-2, Shimomaruko, Ohta-ku, Tokyo 146-8501 (Japan)

    2016-01-11

    BiI{sub 3} single crystals were grown by the physical vapor transport method. The repeated sublimation of the starting material reduced impurities in the BiI{sub 3} single crystal to sub-ppm levels. The detector was fabricated by depositing Au electrodes on both surfaces of the 100-μm-thick BiI{sub 3} single crystal platelet. The resistivity of the BiI{sub 3} single crystal was increased by post-annealing in an iodine atmosphere (ρ=1.6×10{sup 11} Ω cm). Pulse height spectroscopy measurements showed clear peaks in the energy spectrum of alpha particles or gamma rays. It was estimated that the mobility-lifetime product was μ{sub e}τ{sub e}=3.4–8.5×10{sup −6} cm{sup 2}/V and the electron–hole pair creation energy was 5.8 eV. Our results show that BiI{sub 3} single crystals are promising candidates for detectors used in radiographic imaging or gamma ray spectroscopy.

  15. EPR and FTIR spectroscopic studies of MO-Al2O3-Bi2O3-B2O3-MnO2(M = Pb, Zn and Cd) glasses

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lalitha Phani, A. V.; Sekhar, K. Chandra; Chakradhar, R. P. S.; Narasimha Chary, M.; Shareefuddin, Md

    2018-03-01

    Glasses of the system (30-x)MO-xAl2O3-15Bi2O3-54.5B2O3-0.5MnO2 [M = Pb, Zn & Cd] (x = 0, 5, 10 & 15 mol%) were prepared by the normal melt quenching method. The amorphous nature of the prepared glasses was confirmed by the XRD studies. The EPR and FTIR studies were carried out at room temperature (RT). The EPR spectra exhibited three resonance signals at g ≈ 2.0 with a hyperfine structure, an absorption around g = 4.3 and a distinct shoulder at g = 3.3. Deconvoluted spectra were drawn for g ≈ 2.0 to resolve the six hyperfine lines. The electron paramagnetic resonance signal at g ≈ 2.0 indicates that the Mn2+ ions are in nearly perfectly octahedral symmetry. The low field signals at g = 3.3 and g = 4.3 are attributed to the Mn2+ ion which are in distorted rhombic symmetries. The hyperfine (HF) splitting constant (A) values suggested that the bonding between Mn2+ ions and its ligands is ionic in nature. The presence of BO3 and BO4 borate units, metal oxide cation units, Mn2+ and Bi-O bond vibrations in BiO3 units were noticed from the FTIR spectra.

  16. Fission cross section calculations for 209Bi target nucleus based on fission reaction models in high energy regions

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kaplan Abdullah

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Implementation of projects of new generation nuclear power plants requires the solving of material science and technological issues in developing of reactor materials. Melts of heavy metals (Pb, Bi and Pb-Bi due to their nuclear and thermophysical properties, are the candidate coolants for fast reactors and accelerator-driven systems (ADS. In this study, α, γ, p, n and 3He induced fission cross section calculations for 209Bi target nucleus at high-energy regions for (α,f, (γ,f, (p,f, (n,f and (3He,f reactions have been investigated using different fission reaction models. Mamdouh Table, Sierk, Rotating Liquid Drop and Fission Path models of theoretical fission barriers of TALYS 1.6 code have been used for the fission cross section calculations. The calculated results have been compared with the experimental data taken from the EXFOR database. TALYS 1.6 Sierk model calculations exhibit generally good agreement with the experimental measurements for all reactions used in this study.

  17. Electromagnetic Dissociation of Target Nuclei by $^{208}$Pb Projectiles

    CERN Multimedia

    Petridis, A; Wohn, F K

    2002-01-01

    % NA53 \\\\ \\\\ The purpose of this experiment is to study the process of electromagnetic dissociation (ED) that occurs at impact parameters large enough so that there is no nuclear interaction. In these cases strong electromagnetic fields are produced for a short time at the nucleus. For large charges and ultrarelativistic energies, the intense electromagnetic pulse produces cross-sections much larger than the total hadronic cross-section. These effects place significant constraints on the storage times of the heavy ion beams planned for RHIC and LHC.\\\\ \\\\In this experiment we measure the cross-sections for the one- and two-neutron removal processes resulting from the interaction of 160 and 40~GeV/nucleon Pb beams on Au and Co targets. Thin Au targets were bombarded in the beam line of the NA50 experiment. Gamma rays from the residual nuclides produced in the bombardment were measured to determine the saturation activities of $^{196}$Au and $^{195}$Au resulting from ED of the Au target. This along with cross-se...

  18. Recent advances in the synthesis of Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}@AU core/shell nanoparticles

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Salihov, Sergei V. [National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Leninskiy, Building 9, Moscow, 119049, Russian Federation, (Russian Federation); Ivanenkov, Yan A.; Krechetov, Sergei P.; Veselov, Mark S. [Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), 9 Institutskiy lane, Dolgoprudny City, Moscow Region, 141700 (Russian Federation); Sviridenkova, Natalia V.; Savchenko, Alexander G. [National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Leninskiy, Building 9, Moscow, 119049, Russian Federation, (Russian Federation); Klyachko, Natalya L. [National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Leninskiy, Building 9, Moscow, 119049, Russian Federation, (Russian Federation); Moscow State University, Chemistry Department, Lenins kie gory, Building 1/3, GSP-1, Moscow, 119991 (Russian Federation); Golovin, Yury I. [Moscow State University, Chemistry Department, Lenins kie gory, Building 1/3, GSP-1, Moscow, 119991 (Russian Federation); Chufarova, Nina V., E-mail: chnv@pharmcluster.ru [Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), 9 Institutskiy lane, Dolgoprudny City, Moscow Region, 141700 (Russian Federation); Beloglazkina, Elena K. [National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Leninskiy, Building 9, Moscow, 119049, Russian Federation, (Russian Federation); Moscow State University, Chemistry Department, Lenins kie gory, Building 1/3, GSP-1, Moscow, 119991 (Russian Federation); Majouga, Alexander G., E-mail: majouga@org.chem.msu.ru [National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Leninskiy, Building 9, Moscow, 119049, Russian Federation, (Russian Federation); Moscow State University, Chemistry Department, Lenins kie gory, Building 1/3, GSP-1, Moscow, 119991 (Russian Federation)

    2015-11-15

    Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}@Au core/shell nanoparticles have unique magnetic and optical properties. These nanoparticles are used for biomedical applications, such as magnetic resonance imaging, photothermal therapy, controlled drug delivery, protein separation, biosensors, DNA detection, and immunosensors. In this review, recent methods for the synthesis of core/shell nanoparticles are discussed. We divided all of the synthetic methods in two groups: methods of synthesis of bi-layer structures and methods of synthesis of multilayer composite structures. The latter methods have a layer of “glue” material between the core and the shell. - Highlights: • Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} nanoparticles are promising for biomedical applications but have some disadvantages. • Covering Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} nanoparticles with Au shell leads to better stability and biocompatibility. • Core/shell nanoparticles are widely used for biomedical applications. • There are two types of Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}@Au core/shell nanoparticles structures: bi-layer and multilayer composite. • Different synthetic methods enable production of nanoparticles of different sizes.

  19. Novel condensation of Au-centered trigonal prisms in rare-earth-metal-rich tellurides: Er7Au2Te2 and Lu7Au2Te2.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gupta, Shalabh; Corbett, John D

    2010-07-14

    A new monoclinic structure occurs for Er(7)Au(2)Te(2) according to X-ray diffraction analysis of single crystals grown at 1200 degrees C: C2/m, Z = 4, a = 17.8310(9) A, b = 3.9819(5) A, c = 16.9089(9) A, beta = 104.361(4) degrees. The isostructural Lu(7)Au(2)Te(2) also exists according to X-ray powder pattern means, a = 17.536(4) A, b = 3.9719(4) A, c = 16.695(2) A, beta = 104.33(1) degrees. The structure contains zigzag chains of condensed, Au-centered tricapped trigonal prisms (TCTP) of Er along c that also share basal faces along b to generate puckered sheets. Further bi-face-capping Er atoms between these generate the three dimensional network along a, with tellurium in cavities outlined by augmented trigonal prismatic Er polyhedra. Bonding analysis via LMTO-DFT methods reveal very significant Er-Au bonding interactions, as quantified by their energy-weighted Hamilton overlap populations (-ICOHP), approximately 49% of the total for all interactions. These and similar Er-Te contributions sharply contrast with the small Er-Er population, only approximately 14% of the total in spite of the high proportion of Er-Er contacts. The strong polar bonding of Er to the electronegative Au and Te leaves Er relatively oxidized, with many of its 5d states falling above the Fermi level and empty. The contradiction with customary representations of structures that highlight rare-earth metal clusters is manifest. The large Er-Au Hamilton overlap population is in accord with the strong bonding between early and late transition metals first noted by Brewer in 1973. The relationship of this structure to the more distorted orthorhombic (Imm2) structure type of neighboring Dy(7)Ir(2)Te(2) is considered.

  20. U-Pb, Re-Os and Ar-Ar dating of the Linghou polymetallic deposit, Southeastern China: Implications for metallogenesis of the Qingzhou-Hangzhou metallogenic belt

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tang, Yanwen; Xie, Yuling; Liu, Liang; Lan, Tingguan; Yang, Jianling; Sebastien, Meffre; Yin, Rongchao; Liang, Songsong; Zhou, Limin

    2017-04-01

    The Qingzhou-Hangzhou metallogenic belt (QHMB) in Southeastern China has gained increasingly attention in recent years. However, due to the lack of reliable ages on intrusions and associated deposits in this belt, the tectonic setting and metallogenesis of the QHMB have not been well understood. The Linghou polymetallic deposit in northwestern Zhejiang Province is one of the typical deposits of the QHMB. According to the field relationships, this deposit consists of the early Cu-Au-Ag and the late Pb-Zn-Cu mineralization stages. Molybdenite samples with a mineral assemblage of molybdenite-chalcopyrite-pyrite ± quartz are collected from the copper mining tunnel near the Cu-Au-Ag ore bodies. Six molybdenite samples give the Re-Os model ages varying from 160.3 to 164.1 Ma and yield a mean age of 162.2 ± 1.4 Ma for the Cu-Au-Ag mineralization. Hydrothermal muscovite gives a well-defined Ar-Ar isochron age of 160.2 ± 1.1 Ma for the Pb-Zn-Cu mineralization. Three phases of granodioritic porphyry have been distinguished in this deposit, and LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating shows that they have formed at 158.8 ± 2.4 Ma, 158.3 ± 1.9 Ma and 160.6 ± 2.1 Ma, comparable to the obtained ages of the Cu-Au-Ag and Pb-Zn-Cu mineralization. Therefore, these intrusive rocks have a close temporal and spatial relationship with the Cu-Au-Ag and Pb-Zn-Cu ore bodies. The presences of skarn minerals (e.g., garnet) and vein-type ores, together with the previous fluid inclusion and H-O-C-S-Pb isotopic data, clearly indicate that the Cu-Au-Ag and Pb-Zn-Cu mineralization are genetically related to these granodiorite porphyries. This conclusion excludes the possibility that this deposit is of ;SEDEX; type and formed in a sag basin of continental rifts setting as previously proposed. Instead, it is proposed that the Linghou polymetallic and other similar deposits in the QHMB, such as the 150-160 Ma Yongping porphyry-skarn Cu-Mo, Dongxiang porphyry? Cu, Shuikoushan/Kangjiawang skarn Pb