Proceedings of the ANS executive conference on international nuclear commerce

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1980-01-01

These proceedings compile papers given at a conference on nuclear commerce. Topice include: global forecasting, foreign policy, nuclear weapons proliferation, trade, non-proliferation policies, non-proliferation treaties, IAEA safeguards, international cooperation, nuclear materials management and safety, the nuclear power industry and energy policy, plutonium storage, and uranium enrichment

E-Commerce

OpenAIRE

Vancauteren, Mark

2011-01-01

International e-commerce, which involves cross-border transactions over the internet, shows every sign of continuing to expand rapidly. The potential savings of transaction costs from e-commerce are substantial. The most important cost-saving aspect of e-commerce is the reduction in travel, administration, communication and search costs. One consequence of such cost advantages is that many small cross-border transactions have now become economic. In addi...

Shaping the norms that regulate international commerce of embryos.

Science.gov (United States)

Gard, Julie A; Stringfellow, David A

2014-01-01

As various embryo technologies in livestock were developed and evolved to a state of usefulness over the past 40 years, scientists with a specific interest in infectious diseases sought to determine the epidemiologic consequences of movement, especially international movement, of increasing numbers of embryos. Many of the foundational studies in this area were reported in Theriogenology, beginning in the 1970s and especially throughout the 1980s and 1990s. Unquestionably, Theriogenology has been a widely used venue for dissemination of basic information on this subject, which ultimately led to the development of the now universally accepted techniques for certification of embryo health. Today it is well-recognized that movement in commerce of embryos, especially in vivo-derived embryos, is a very low-risk method for exchange of animal germ plasm. This paper chronicles the evolution of strategies for health certification of embryos. An overview is provided of the calculated efforts of practitioners, scientists, and regulators to organize, forge necessary partnerships, stimulate needed research, provide purposeful analysis of the results, and, through these processes, guarantee the universal acceptance of efficient protocols for certifying the health of embryos intended for movement in international commerce. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A change of course: The importance to DoD of international standards for electronic commerce

Science.gov (United States)

Payne, Judith E.

1991-12-01

The U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) is committed to using electronic commerce in the future with the over 300,000 vendors interested in doing business with DoD. Electronic commerce will move DoD from a paper-based world to one based on electronic transactions enabled by the exchange of formatted, electronic messages referred to as electronic data interchange (EDI). With electronic commerce, DoD plans to reduce costs, increase effectiveness, and make it easier for vendors to deal with DoD. Benefits from electronic commerce are enhanced when many businesses use the same standards for EDI messages themselves and their transmission. The fewer standards used, the less time and resources must be spent translating messages and agreeing on how to use different standards. To enhance benefits and smooth the transition to electronic commerce for itself and its vendors, DoD has chosen to use the widely accepted American National Standards Institute (ANSI) X12 standards for EDI messages, coupled with international standards for delivering messages and organizing addresses. In the past 18 months, EDI standards sponsored by a United Nations body and serving the same purpose as ANSI X12 message standards have begun to gain wider acceptance internationally.

Coal and nuclear power should supplement oil - International Chamber of Commerce

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gomez, B.

1982-01-01

The views of the International Chamber of Commerce on world energy planning are noted. The Chamber has suggested that governments should expedite and clarify environmental and safety regulations for nuclear energy and coal, both important and acceptable energy sources which offer abundant and economic means to reduce dependence on petroleum. Economic advantages and environmental hazards are considered

The Effect of Cross-Border E-Commerce on China’s International Trade: An Empirical Study Based on Transaction Cost Analysis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yu Wang (Avery. W

2017-11-01

Full Text Available Reducing transaction costs by means of policy intervention could generate comparative advantages and contribute to the growth of international trade. Chinese government agencies have introduced a number of policies in support of rapidly growing cross-border e-commerce to promote China’s international trade. However, the previous literature has not empirically verified the precise effect of these policies on the growth of international trade while focusing on the impact of cross-border e-commerce on trade distance and consumer welfare. To address this gap, this paper investigates the impact of cross-border e-commerce on international trade in the context of China, mainly from the perspective of transaction cost economics in conjunction with the traditional comparative advantage model by analyzing information cost, negotiation cost, transportation cost, tariffs and middlemen cost separately. Firstly, the new theoretical model suggests that cross-border e-commerce may have a positive role in promoting international trade only when the negative impact caused by tariff cost and transportation cost is offset. Secondly, our result shows that cross-border e-commerce has a positive effect on the growth of China’s international trade in each year. However, the positive effect does not show incremental growth over time, possibly as a result of the weak implementation of favorable policies in trade, in addition to global trade shrinking.

Internal Factors within Entrepreneurs that Influence the Acceptance and Use of Social Commerce among SMEs in Malaysia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Azilahwati Binti Adam

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Current technological advances, particularly in information and communications technology (ICT and social media have sparked a phenomenon in the business world. The existence of social commerce (s-commerce, which is a combination of e-commerce and social media, has opened up greater opportunities for SMEs in Malaysia. The use of s-commerce as a medium for marketing and buying and selling is capable of helping SMEs to increase the sales and profitability of their businesses. However, according to studies conducted by SME Corp Malaysia, the usage of e-commerce and social media is still low. Attitude and self-efficacy are variables that are often used in studies related to entrepreneurs and their intention to accept a new business innovation or technology. Therefore, this study was undertaken to identify the internal factors within entrepreneurs, namely attitude and self-efficacy, which influence the acceptance and use of s-commerce among SMEs in Malaysia.

Trust and Privacy in the Shift from E-Commerce to M-Commerce: A Comparative Approach

OpenAIRE

Papadopoulou , Panagiota; Pelet , Jean-Eric

2013-01-01

Part 2: Trust and Privacy; International audience; Trust and privacy have been widely studied as key issues and success factors for e-commerce. The advent of m-commerce calls for revisiting these concepts and re-examining their antecedents in the mobile context. This paper attempts a comparative approach to the issues of trust and privacy in e-commerce and m-commerce. It investigates how trust and privacy are differentiated with the shift from the context of e-commerce to the context of m-com...

Electronic Commerce Success Model: A Search for Multiple Criteria

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Didi Achjari

2004-01-01

Full Text Available The current study attempts to develop and examine framework of e-commerce success. In order to obtain comprehensive and robust measures, the framework accomodates key factors that are identified in the literature concerning the success of electronic commerce. The structural model comprises of four exogenous variables (Internal Driver, Internal Impediment, External Driver and Exgternal Impediment and one endogenous variable (Electornic Commerce Success eith 24 observed variables. The study that was administered within large Australian companies using questionaire survey concluded that benefits for both internal organization and external parties from the use of e-commerce were the main factor tro predict perceived and/or expected success of electronic commerce.

Le commerce des sels de Guérande (xviie-xviiie siècles)

OpenAIRE

Buron, Gildas

2015-01-01

Depuis les travaux de Michel Mollat, Henri Touchard, Jean Tanguy et Jean Meyer touchant au sel et aux marais salants du pays de Guérande, l’historien en est resté à l’idée que la production salicole guérandaise n’avait connu, aux Temps modernes, de débouchés que régionaux, vers la Bretagne intérieure par le biais de la troque effectuée par les gens du marais. L’enquête en cours montre que les sels de Guérande, certes peu présents dans le grand commerce international du sel de la Baie du xive ...

Main Issues on Electronic Commerce and Policy Recommendations

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chongwha Lee

1998-03-01

Full Text Available "Electronic Commerce" means that people sell and buy commodity, labor service and information through internet and now is mainly be used in commercial intercourse. The core of the international research related to Electronic Commerce is a tax-exemption, land tax, liberalization of encrypted technology and privacy protection policy, etc. Meanwhile, intellectual property, consumer protection and limitation of packing specification are also researched together with the business activeness. The reason why questions related to Electronic Commerce are in the back of the spotlight is that US and major countries in EU lead the international research to maximize their own benefits. These researches are related to rectify legal system framework for protecting development of Electronic Commerce and to work out international standards. Also, enlarging Electronic Commerce on online resources is also regarded as the core issue by OECD, APEC and other international organization and it is inevitable to have multilateral negotiation regarding this issue. Based on the opinion above mentioned, we collect all the problems brought by Electronic Commerce Activeness in each area in this paper and try to find out corresponding solutions to face these problems.

International nuclear commerce: structure, trends and proliferation potentials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lodgaard, S.

1977-01-01

In recent years a surge has taken place in international nuclear commerce and this paper analyses the new patterns that have emerged. Despite uncertainties in nuclear energy forecasting the market is huge. Projections for the industry for the period 1971-1985 estimate a worldwide investment of 250 billion dollars. Following an initial decade of cooperation, 1955-1965, the superpower monopoly has become eroded. The export market for power reactors is analysed and the growth and spread of reprocessing facilities is discussed. It is pointed out that while commercial scale reprocessing requires vast and complex chemical plant, reprocessing small amounts for bomb production may be done relatively simply. Enrichment capabilities are also becoming more generally available. The market is not only expanding, but becoming multipolar and diversified, and the entire fuel cycle is now involved. The cooperation network France - W. Germany - South Africa- Iran is discussed at some length. The role of international safeguards is also treated fairly extensively, leading to a discussion of the motives and paths in the acquisition of nuclear weapons. It is concluded that little is to be gained from the London talks on safeguard measures and commercial restraint and that the root causes of proliferation should be tackled by comprehensive disarmament schemes. (JIW)

E-commerce and Regulation Policy

OpenAIRE

Dragos Vasile

2007-01-01

E-commerce is a relatively new business field with a high potential of growth, thanks primarily to advantages provided to companies and consumers. At the same time, e-commerce raises technical and economic issues and problems to be solved, which are a concern for businesses, states and international organizations. The growth is accompanied by a need of regulation, including the observance of competition rules. The analysis of the practice in states with developed e-commerce markets highlights...

Innovation and development of exhibition electronic-commerce based on the properties of electronic-commerce

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Jiankang

2017-06-01

There are two roadmaps of accomplishing exhibition electronic-commerce innovation and development. The first roadmap is that the exhibition organizers should seek mutual benefit cooperation with professional electronic-commerce platform of correspondent area with exhibition projects, thus help exhibitors realize their market object. The second roadmap is to promote innovation and development of electronic-commerce (Business-to-Customer) between both exhibitors and purchasers. Exhibition electronic-commerce must focus on innovative development in the following functions: market research and information service; advertising and business negotiation; online trading and online payment. With the aid of electronic-commerce, exhibition enterprise could have distinctive strengths such as transactions with virtualization, transparency, high efficiency and low cost, enhancing market link during enterprise research and development, promoting the efficiency of internal team collaboration and the individuation of external service, and optimizing resource allocation.

Apprentissage administratif : L'apprentissage au CERN

CERN Multimedia

2004-01-01

APPRENTISSAGE ADMINISTRATIF FORMATION ET DEVELOPPEMENT HR/PMD/RCC L'APPRENTISSAGE AU CERN pour les professions d'employé(e) de commerce et d'assistant(e) en information documentaire L'apprentissage au CERN est régi par les lois, règlements et contrats en vigueur dans le Canton de Genève. En cas de réussite à l'examen de fin d'apprentissage, les apprentis obtiennent le Certificat Fédéral de Capacité Suisse (CFC). 1 place est offerte pour la formation d'employé(e) de commerce 2 places sont offertes pour la formation d'assistant(e) en information documentaire L'apprentissage dure 3 ans. Minima requis pour faire acte de candidature : • avoir terminé la scolarité obligatoire • être ressortissant d'un pays membre du CERN (Allemagne, Autriche, Belgique, Bulgarie, Danemark, Espagne,Finlande, France, Grèce, Hongrie, Italie, Norvège...

January 2010 Port-au-Prince, Haiti Images

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — According to official estimates, 222,570 people killed, 300,000 injured, 1.3 million displaced, 97,294 houses destroyed and 188,383 damaged in the Port-au-Prince...

The European legal framework regarding e-commerce

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Schaub, M.Y.

2004-01-01

The year 2000 is a memorable year in the history of e-commerce. This is the year of the so-called 'dot.com shake-out'. The year 2000 is also the year the European Union issued its e-commerce directive. The directive means to regulate but also facilitate e-commerce in the internal market, by laying

Online Canton Fairs Ready for Convenient Trade--An Interview with Ding Qiang, General Manager of MOFCOM China International Electronic Commerce Center

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

Li Yinghong; Sun Yongjian

2006-01-01

@@ In 2006, the Canton Fairs will greet the 99th and 100th respectively in spring and fall. To meet the need of the development of the convenient trade, the Canton Fairs website, the platform of the online Canton Fairs run by MOFCOM China International Electronic Commerce Center is ready to take several effective measures to offer more convenient services. On March 24, China's Foreign Trade took the occasion to interview with Mr. Ding Qiang, General Manager of MOFCOM China International Electronic Commerce Center.

Implications of Electronic Commerce for Fiscal Policy

Science.gov (United States)

Goolsbee, Austan

In this chapter, I will consider both sides of the relationship between electronic commerce and fiscal policy. For the impact of electronic commerce on fiscal policy, I will pay particular attention to the potential sales-tax revenue losses. The data suggest that the potential losses are actually modest over the next several years. I will also consider the reverse relationship - how fiscal policy affects Internet commerce. Here the evidence suggests that taxes have a sizable effect. I point out, though, that this only supports special treatment if there is some positive externality. Without one, the tax system will lead to excessive online buying to avoid taxes. I will then deal the neglected issue of taxes and Internet access, which can create large deadweight costs both because demand may be price-sensitive and because taxes can slow the spread of new technologies. Finally, I offer some discussion of the international context of taxes and the Internet and the international temptations to raise rates on E-commerce.

Les frameworks au coeur des applications web

OpenAIRE

Moro, Arielle; Daehne, Peter

2010-01-01

Depuis quelques années, Internet est vraiment entré dans les mœurs : tant dans les entreprises qu’au sein de chaque foyer. En effet, Internet permet de communiquer à travers le monde en quelques secondes, de vendre toute sorte de produits en déployant des solutions e-commerce facilement et bien d’autres choses. Internet est donc un véritable vecteur de communication, de commerce et à présent, avec le Web 2.0, un vrai berceau d’informations (tant des informations personnelles que des informati...

L'APPRENTISSAGE AU CERN - French version only

CERN Multimedia

Laurence Van Cauter

2002-01-01

APPRENTISSAGE ADMINISTRATIF FORMATION ET DEVELOPPEMENT HR/TD/AP L'APPRENTISSAGE AU CERN pour les professions d'employé(e) de commerce et d'assistant(e) en information documentaire L'apprentissage au CERN est régi par les lois, règlements et contrats en vigueur dans le Canton de Genève. En cas de réussite à l'examen de fin d'apprentissage, les apprentis obtiennent le Certificat Fédéral de Capacité Suisse (CFC). 1 place est offerte pour la formation d'employé(e) de commerce 2 places sont offertes pour la formation d'assistant(e) en information documentaire L'apprentissage dure 3 ans. Minima requis pour faire acte de candidature : avoir terminé la scolarité obligatoire être ressortissant d'un pays membre du CERN (Allemagne, Autriche, Belgique, Bulgarie, Danemark, Espagne, Finlande, France, Grèce, Hongrie, Italie, Norvège, Pays-Bas, Pologne, Portug...

Trade-related Electronic Commerce Issues in the OECD

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chang-In Yoon

1998-12-01

Full Text Available The trade committee of Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD has begun the study of the trade related to electronic commerce since 1997. The scale of the study on one hand has avoided the fact of copy and duplication of WTO and its organizational principles, on the other hand it has played a supplementary and supportive function. At present, digital-related product, such as computers, software and travel is the key point to the trade which resorts to electronic commerce. It is predicted that this trend will go on. The study on electronic commerce could be summed up into three main components: First, according to the phase of the trade, it could be divided into advertisement, purchase, delivery and payment. Second, issues on electronic commerce in the international trade; such as the issue that leads to the unfairness and non-neutrality of the searching engine in international service trade. Besides, domain name, trademarks and the issue of middleman which exist at the moment in the electronic commerce are activated and will also be discussed. Third, issues of the trade policy related to the electronic commerce. For instance, the kernel principles which support the multi-trade regulation, including transparency, indiscrimination, anti-dumping, flexible trade, government arrangement, tariff and competition policy and so on. Under this background, we should explore way in formulating hypotheses with preconceived issues, validating the electronic commerce trade on the spot, actualizing the study on the application of electronic commerce coming with the GATS regulation, seeking the countermeasure in the future trade policy, such as benefit policy to the electronic commerce department and electronic commerce strategy approach of certain enterprises, etc.

Participation des pays en développement au Projet international de ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Participation des pays en développement au Projet international de code barre du vivant. Le code barre ADN est un nouvel outil de recherche taxinomique. Le code barre correspond à une très courte séquence standardisée de l'ADN d'un gène connu. Il s'agit d'un moyen sûr et moins compliqué que l'observation classique ...

TAXATION PECULIARITIES OF E-COMMERCE MARKET PLAYERS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Т. Zatonatska

2016-09-01

Full Text Available The article carried out with complex overview of tax regulation approaches of e-Commerce market, the features of international practices of taxation are revealed, in particular, EU countries, USA, China, etc. The nature and characteristics of e-Commerce market tax regulation is also revealed by international organizations, in particular, the OECD .It is provided with the best practices of leading countries in the sphere of e-Commerce market tax regulation and those which are the most appropriate for implementation in Ukraine are singled out. Based on experience of EU countries, USA and China the necessity of improving tax system is justified. It is provided with recommendations of tax regulation improvement in respect of a such groups of e-Commerce market subjects as "Producers" and "Intermediaries". Moreover it is determined with the most priority recommendations for implementation, in particular, tax-free period for hosting providers, the exemption of income tax for Internet retail trade enterprises and increase the maximum level of duty-free import of goods to Ukraine. Expected predicted effects are provided from implementation of such measures, the main of which are legalization, increasing the number of employees, attracting the world leaders of e-Commerce market to the domestic market, innovation incentives for market development and the intensification of cross-border trade.

The European legal framework regarding e-commerce

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Schaub, M.Y.

2004-01-01

The year 2000 is a memorable year in the history of e-commerce. This is the year of the so-called 'dot.com shake-out'. The year 2000 is also the year the European Union issued its e-commerce directive. The directive means to regulate but also facilitate e-commerce in the internal market, by laying

The Effect of Cross-Border E-Commerce on China’s International Trade: An Empirical Study Based on Transaction Cost Analysis

OpenAIRE

Wang (Avery. W), Yu; Wang, Yi; Lee, Soo Hee

2017-01-01

Reducing transaction costs by means of policy intervention could generate comparative advantages and contribute to the growth of international trade. Chinese government agencies have introduced a number of policies in support of rapidly growing cross-border e-commerce to promote China’s international trade. However, the previous literature has not empirically verified the precise effect of these policies on the growth of international trade while focusing on the impact of cross-border e-comme...

Conception of integrator in cross-border E-commerce

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Arkadiusz Kawa

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Background:  E-commerce is one of the most dynamic and important sectors of the economy. The latest trend in this market is cross-border trade. It is based on selling products to customers who are located in other countries. However, it is connected to several problems, such as a high cost and long time of delivery, language barriers, different legal and tax conditionings, etc. Methods: The studies were conducted on the basis of the authors' experience in the field of e-commerce. The issue of cross-border commerce was mainly analysed with the use of reports of the European Commission. The aim of the article is to propose a conception of an integrator of cross-border e-commerce, which will make it possible, among other things, to solve logistic problems. Results: The article presents an authorial conception of an integrator in cross-border e-commerce. Its main task is to integrate the whole supply chain. Thanks to the economies of scale, obtained as a result of consolidation of parcels from many e-shops, the integrator is able to achieve lower delivery costs in international transport, make returns of goods more effective and serve customers from different countries better. Conclusions: The conception of an integrator in cross-border commerce proposed in the article may increase competitiveness of micro and small e-enterprises, especially in the international arena. Moreover, applying this conception may contribute to a rise in the attractiveness of cross-border commerce, which, as result of a greater sale level, would contribute to an increase in the total e-commerce.

Electronic commerce versus traditional commerce

OpenAIRE

Dorin Vicentiu Popescu; Manoela Popescu

2007-01-01

The internet represents new opportunities for the traditional companies, including the diversification of the given services and also the promotion of the new ones, which are personalized and attractive and they are possible thanks to the information and communication technologies. According to this, the Internet impact, which has allowed the development of a new form of commerce- the commerce via Internet (which is a component of the electronic commerce), against the traditional global comme...

Research Reveals Scale of College Union E-Commerce.

Science.gov (United States)

Conway, Guy Patrick; Henry, Wilma J.

2000-01-01

Reports results of a survey of member schools of the Association of College Unions International concerning extent of e-commerce being conducted on the Web. College Web sites were also evaluated for information on e-commerce activities. A list of institutions currently conducting interactive business and the type of business being conducted is…

Building eCommerce sites with Drupal commerce cookbook

CERN Document Server

Carter, Richard

2013-01-01

Building eCommerce Sites with Drupal Commerce Cookbook is written in a helpful, practical style with numerous hands-on recipes to help you build attractive eCommerce sites.This book is primarily for store owners and web designers with little or no experience of Drupal and Drupal Commerce who want to build and customise a store in Drupal Commerce. You will have a basic knowledge of websites, but you don't need to be familiar with Drupal or PHP. However, this book would also suit experienced Drupal and Ubercart users who want to migrate to or build a Drupal Commerce store

Observation of Au + Au → Au + Au + ρ0 and Au + Au → Au* + Au* + ρ0 with STAR

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Spencer, K.

2002-01-01

First observation of the reactions Au + Au → Au + Au + ρ 0 and Au + Au → Au* + Au* + ρ 0 with the STAR detector are reported. The ρ are produced at small perpendicular momentum, as expected if they couple coherently to both nuclei. Models of vector meson production and the correlation with nuclear breakup are discussed, as well as a fundamental test of quantum mechanics that is possible with the system. (author)

The Influence of Information Ecology on E-Commerce Initiatives.

Science.gov (United States)

Detlor, Brian

2001-01-01

Explores the influence of an organization's information ecology, or internal information environment, on a firm's electronic commerce initiatives and plans. Reports results from a case study investigation on the adoption and use of an e-commerce initiative, a corporate portal, by participants at a large Canadian company. (Author/LRW)

Communication and Procedural Models of the E-commerce Systems

OpenAIRE

Suchánek, Petr

2009-01-01

E-commerce systems became a standard interface between sellers (or suppliers) and customers. One of basic condition of an e-commerce system to be efficient is correct definitions and describes of the all internal and external processes. All is targeted the customers´ needs and requirements. The optimal and most exact way how to obtain and find optimal solution of e-commerce system and its processes structure in companies is the modeling and simulation. In this article author shows basic model...

Dictionary of international commerce

CERN Document Server

Miller, William J

1985-01-01

International trade is vital to the well-being of the international market. No textbook suited virtually every nation, because no nation is my purpose, so I set about to write one. capable of satisfying its material needs beyond the subsistence level entirely from domestic My first task was to define my terms-tar­ iffs, non-tariff barriers, shipping terminology, resources. As a nation's technology advances and edu­ etc. As this labor progressed over many cational levels improve, heavy industry and months, it became evident there was need for manufacturing are often supplanted by serv­ an encyclopedic reference work which fo­ ice industries, as evidenced by the economies cused upon international trade. My enquiries of Europe, North America, and Japan. The having divulged no similar work in English, I shift to a service economy increases import decided to concentrate efforts upon an reliance, especially in the areas of consumer encyclopedia. products and basic industrial commodities, In selecting entries, i...

Adoption of e-Commerce in micro tourism firms located in Umeå

OpenAIRE

Gharibyan, Tatevik

2016-01-01

A new and an effective Internet business model such as electronic commerce (e-Commerce) has obtained great importance in the tourism industry (Li & Suomi, 2008). e-Commerce has great importance also for small firms. Despite this, the majority of  literature concerning  tourism and e-Commerce does not tend to discuss the adoption of e-Commerce within small and medium sized firms (SMEs), whereas most studies have focused on the information that can be found on broader aspects of the Interne...

Electronic Commerce in Tourism in China: B2B or B2C?

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Hongxiu; Suomi, Reima

E-commerce has significantly changed the distribution channels of travel products in the world including China. Online channels are growing important in travel service distribution. In China tourism industry has been developed rapidly with the economic development, more and more international travel service providers are trying to expand their Chinese market through the Internet. This paper sheds lights on the e-commerce development models in China for international travel service providers. It explores the current e-tourism in China from the three different participants in the value chain in tourism industry - consumer, travel agent and travel service provider. The paper also identifies the barriers in B2C arena in international outbound travel market, and discusses the possible approaches for international travel service providers to develop their e-commerce in the huge Chinese market. The results in this study reveal that international travel service providers should focus on B2B model to expand their electronic market in China. B2C development in tourism largely depends on the change of Chinese customers' behavior and the change of international tourism regulations. The findings of the study are expected to assist international travel service providers to understand current e-tourism in China and to support their planning for future e-commerce development in China.

E-commerce and Business Case of a US E-commerce firm

OpenAIRE

Pereira Sanchez, Sergio

2010-01-01

What do we know as E-commerce and E-Business? Unique features of E-commerce. Types of E-commerce. History and feature of E-commerce. Why does E-commerce develop better in some places than in others? What make a current E-commerce success? Introduction of the US E-commerce firm studied. Bussiness case (customer, product, company and competition). Conclusions.

Main Issues on Electronic Commerce and Policy Recommendations

OpenAIRE

Chongwha Lee; Seongbong Lee

1998-01-01

"Electronic Commerce" means that people sell and buy commodity, labor service and information through internet and now is mainly be used in commercial intercourse. The core of the international research related to Electronic Commerce is a tax-exemption, land tax, liberalization of encrypted technology and privacy protection policy, etc. Meanwhile, intellectual property, consumer protection and limitation of packing specification are also researched together with the business activeness. The r...

Evaluation of Electronic Commerce (E-Commerce with SWOT Analysis as an Alternative Network Marketing at Agricultural Marketing

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nuray Kızılaslan

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Compulsory competition occurring in the world trade has led the enterprises to different marketing system. Marketing problems seems to be a problem in Turkey rather than agricultural production problems. In this aspect, marketing alternatives are sought. E-commerce is a system with more opportunities in agricultural marketing. Increasing the applicability of this system in Turkey will eliminate many problems associated with marketing in agriculture. With an active use of E-commerce in agricultural marketing, it provides convenience at marketing products of agro-related industries agencies and producers and all country will have a potential market position. In this study, possibilities offered by e-commerce to the agricultural sector, opportunities, threats, deficiencies and contributions to agricultural sector have been addressed. Without the limitations of place and time via the internet and computers, establishing national and international supply and demand balance of e-commerce seems to play important roles in maintaining an active and alive marketing. Furthermore, it is an important tool in reducing agricultural marketing problems.

e-Commerce versus m-Commerce: Where is the Dividing Line?

OpenAIRE

Priscilla Omonedo; Paul Bocij

2014-01-01

Since the emergence of e-Commerce, the world of business has witnessed a radical shift in the way business activities are conducted. However, the emergence of m-Commerce has further pushed the boundaries of virtual commerce revolution. As a result, there seems to be a growing blur in the distinction between e- Commerce and m-Commerce. In addition, existing definitions for both forms of commerce highlight characteristics (e.g. type of device and activity conducted) that ma...

E-Commerce and Mobile Commerce in South Africa: Regulatory Challenges

OpenAIRE

JOBODWANA, Z NTOZINTLE

2009-01-01

E-commerce refers to all forms of commercial transactions that involve individuals and organizations based on the electronic processing of data. Mobile commerce (M-commerce) is the buying and selling of goods and services using mobile telephones or personal digital assistants (PDA). M-commerce is emerging in Africa and South Africa especially as either a complement or an alternative to e-commerce as originally conceived, though there are arguments that mobile telephone technology “m-commerc...

Communication and Procedural Models of the E-Commerce Systems

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Petr SUCHÁNEK

2009-06-01

Full Text Available E-commerce systems became a standard interface between sellers (or suppliers and customers. One of basic condition of an e-commerce system to be efficient is correct definitions and describes of the all internal and external processes. All is targeted the customers´ needs and requirements. The optimal and most exact way how to obtain and find optimal solution of e-commerce system and its processes structure in companies is the modeling and simulation. In this article author shows basic model of communication between customers and sellers in connection with the customer feedback and procedural models of e-commerce systems in terms of e-shops. Procedural model was made with the aid of definition of SOA.

15 CFR 19.7 - When will Commerce entities compromise a Commerce debt?

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false When will Commerce entities compromise a Commerce debt? 19.7 Section 19.7 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce COMMERCE DEBT COLLECTION Procedures To Collect Commerce Debts § 19.7 When will Commerce entities compromise...

Feasibility Analysis of E-commerce for the Middle and Small Enterprises Development

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

朱文茜; 李敏

2012-01-01

Small and middle enterprises play an important role in the international economy and social development, and governments attach much importance to them and adopt various policy measure to help them develop. This paper introduces basic concept of small and middle enterprises and e-commerce, characters of these enterprises,benefits that e-commerce brings and analysis on e-commerce of these enterprises abstractly and feasibly. And then, on the base of analysis on the development of SMEs e-commerce trancaction cost theory.it is discussed that e-commerce can reduce the cost of small and middle enterprise＇s commerce.Finally ,it analyese the feasibility to improve e-commerce for small and middie enterprises.

Event-related potentials elicited by social commerce and electronic-commerce reviews

OpenAIRE

Bai, Yan; Yao, Zhong; Cong, Fengyu; Zhang, Linlin

2015-01-01

There is an increasing interest regarding the use of electroencephalography (EEG) in social commerce and electronic commerce (e-commerce) research. There are several reviews in the field of social commerce or e-commerce; these have great potential value and mining them is fundamental and significant. To our knowledge, EEG is rarely applied to study these. In this study, we examined the neural correlates of social commerce reviews (SCRs) and e-commerce reviews (ECRs) by using them as stimuli t...

Le corporatisme agrarien au Maroc La trajectoire de l’Union marocaine de l’agriculture

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Thierry Desrues

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Le secteur agricole a joué un rôle très important au Maroc durant le long règne d’Hassan II. La politique agricole a reflété les rapports de forces politiques et la capacité des élites agricoles alliées au Trône pour influencer les processus de décision. Cependant, les orientations traditionnelles de cette politique ont été remises en cause, depuis la fin des années quatre-vingt, par la libéralisation du commerce international et les contraintes financières du pays. Dans cet article, nous proposons d’apporter des éléments d’information sur l’évolution de cette politique et l’articulation des intérêts agricoles à travers le prisme de la trajectoire de l’Union Marocaine de l’Agriculture (UMA. Cette organisation professionnelle a prétendu, depuis sa constitution en 1958, au monopole de la représentation des intérêts des agriculteurs marocains, et donc du monde rural. Ce faisant, l’UMA a longtemps joué le rôle d’un véritable lobby agraire au sein des différentes institutions du royaume. Cependant, elle semble avoir perdu sa fonctionnalité à la fin des années quatre-vingt-dix, son rôle et son avenir étant depuis lors entourés d’incertitude.

Analysis on the integration of ERP and e-commerce

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Yongqing; Shi, Yuliana

2017-08-01

With the continuous development of China's modern economic construction, a variety of information technology are emerging. The new economic development characterized by e-commerce has accelerated the globalization of the economy. In face of increasingly fierce market competition, for enterprises, the constructions of ERP and e-commerce are necessary ways to enhance the core competitiveness of enterprises. At present, most of the internal ERP systems and external e-commerce systems are in relatively independent state. However, with the increasing fierce market competition, a single mode of operation has been unable to meet the requirements of enterprise development. Accordingly, the effective integration of ERP and e-commerce in the new era has become one of the most important topics for enterprise development. This paper firstly analyzes the relationship between ERP and e-commerce, and then analyzes the necessity and feasibility of integration, and finally discusses the integration strategies and technologies.

Mercury in fish from two Nicaraguan lakes: A recommendation for increased monitoring of fish for international commerce

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

McCrary, Jeffrey K.; Castro, Mark; McKaye, Kenneth R.

2006-01-01

We measured total mercury concentrations in water and fish of Lake Managua and Lake Apoyo. Water mercury concentrations were 10-fold higher in Lake Managua than in Lake Apoyo, although differences in mercury concentration in the most common native fish were not significant. One-fourth of the commercially fished tilapia in Lake Managua exceeded maximum recommended mercury levels for consumption among pregnant women and other at-risk groups, although bioavailability to fishes was lower than in previously studied sites in Brazil and Western Maryland. The lower bioavailiability may present important information for management options to reduce mercury exposure to fishes and humans. We recommend closer mercury monitoring among freshwater fish destined for international commerce. - Fish commonly exported into the international food supply may be contaminated with mercury

Mercury in fish from two Nicaraguan lakes: A recommendation for increased monitoring of fish for international commerce

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

McCrary, Jeffrey K. [University of Central America, Apdo. 69, Managua (Nicaragua) and College of Natural Resources, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 (United States)]. E-mail: jmccrary2@yahoo.com; Castro, Mark [Appalachian Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, 301 Braddock Road, Frostburg, MD 21532 (United States); McKaye, Kenneth R. [University of Central America, Apdo. 69, Managua (Nicaragua); Appalachian Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, 301 Braddock Road, Frostburg, MD 21532 (United States)

2006-06-15

We measured total mercury concentrations in water and fish of Lake Managua and Lake Apoyo. Water mercury concentrations were 10-fold higher in Lake Managua than in Lake Apoyo, although differences in mercury concentration in the most common native fish were not significant. One-fourth of the commercially fished tilapia in Lake Managua exceeded maximum recommended mercury levels for consumption among pregnant women and other at-risk groups, although bioavailability to fishes was lower than in previously studied sites in Brazil and Western Maryland. The lower bioavailiability may present important information for management options to reduce mercury exposure to fishes and humans. We recommend closer mercury monitoring among freshwater fish destined for international commerce. - Fish commonly exported into the international food supply may be contaminated with mercury.

Les agriculteurs tracent une nouvelle voie au Kenya | CRDI - Centre ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

20 janv. 2014 ... L'équipe est soutenue par le Fonds canadien de recherche sur la sécurité alimentaire internationale (FCRSAI), initiative concertée du CRDI et d'Affaires étrangères, Commerce et Développement Canada. Le FCRSAI supervise 21 projets ... Kenya food security agriculture. Des organismes oeuvrant au ...

m-Commerce

OpenAIRE

VACKOVÁ, Kateřina

2013-01-01

The aim of this thesis was to suggest practical use of m-commerce in the company Elektra PV based on analysis of options of m-commerce in the Czech Republic and in the world. First part of this thesis investigates theoretical basics of mobile commerce. Next part processes three case studies about the companies Amazon, Argos and Alza.cz, then followed the analysis of m-commerce. Based on previous findings is suggested for the company Elektra PV to implement mobile application.

Electronic Commerce

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Slavko Đerić

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Electronic commerce can be defined in different ways. Any definition helps to understand and explain that concept as better as possible.. Electronic commerce is a set of procedures and technologies that automate the tasks of financial transactions using electronic means. Also, according to some authors, electronic commerce is defined as a new concept, which is being developed and which includes process of buying and selling or exchanging products, services or information via computer networks, including the Internet. Electronic commerce is not limited just to buying and selling, but it also includes all pre-sales and after-sales ongoing activities along the supply chain. Introducing electronic commerce, using the Internet and Web services in business, realizes the way to a completely new type of economy - internet economy.

Advances in Electronic Commerce, Web Application and Communication v.1

CERN Document Server

Lin, Sally; Second International Conference on Electronic Commerce, Web Application and Communication (ECWAC 2012)

2012-01-01

ECWAC2012 is an integrated conference devoted to Electronic Commerce, Web Application and Communication. In the this proceedings you can find the carefully reviewed scientific outcome of the second International Conference on Electronic Commerce, Web Application and Communication (ECWAC 2012) held at March 17-18,2012  in Wuhan, China, bringing together researchers from all around the world in the field.

Advances in Electronic Commerce, Web Application and Communication v.2

CERN Document Server

Lin, Sally; Second International Conference on Electronic Commerce, Web Application and Communication (ECWAC 2012)

2012-01-01

ECWAC2012 is an integrated conference devoted to Electronic Commerce, Web Application and Communication. In the this proceedings you can find the carefully reviewed scientific outcome of the second International Conference on Electronic Commerce, Web Application and Communication (ECWAC 2012) held at March 17-18,2012  in Wuhan, China, bringing together researchers from all around the world in the field.

Contemporary Legal Issues in Electronic Commerce in Nigeria

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

TI Akomolede

2008-10-01

Full Text Available The Internet has no doubt added a great deal to the quality of human life today. It has knitted the world together as a global village. Many difficulties which hampered international and even national commercial transactions in the past have now been consigned to the dust-bin of history. The emergence of electronic commerce is as a result of the creation of the internet, through which commercial transactions are conducted between parties from different parts of the world and who may never see themselves in their lifetimes. However, the emergence of electronic commerce has also brought with it a number of legal and socio-economic problems, especially in the developing nations such as Nigeria – problems which pose significance challenges to the legal regime of electronic commerce in those countries. This paper examines these legal issues within the context of the current legal and regulatory framework for electronic commerce in Nigeria.

Event-related potentials elicited by social commerce and electronic-commerce reviews.

Science.gov (United States)

Bai, Yan; Yao, Zhong; Cong, Fengyu; Zhang, Linlin

2015-12-01

There is an increasing interest regarding the use of electroencephalography (EEG) in social commerce and electronic commerce (e-commerce) research. There are several reviews in the field of social commerce or e-commerce; these have great potential value and mining them is fundamental and significant. To our knowledge, EEG is rarely applied to study these. In this study, we examined the neural correlates of social commerce reviews (SCRs) and e-commerce reviews (ECRs) by using them as stimuli to evoke event-related potentials. All SCRs were from friends through a social media platform, whereas ECRs were from strangers through an e-commerce platform. The experimental design was similar to that of a priming paradigm, and included 40 pairs of stimuli consisting of product information (prime stimulus) and reviews (target stimulus). The results showed that the P300 component was successfully evoked by SCR and ECR stimuli. Moreover, the P300 components elicited by SCRs had higher amplitudes than those elicited by ECRs. These findings indicate that participants paid more attention to SCRs than to ECRs. In addition, the associations between neural responses and reviews in social commerce have the potential to assist companies in studying consumer behaviors, thus permitting them to enhance their social commerce strategies.

Ultra-relativistic Au+Au and d+Au collisions:

Science.gov (United States)

Back, B. B.; Baker, M. D.; Ballintijn, M.; Barton, D. S.; Betts, R. R.; Bickley, A. A.; Bindel, R.; Budzanowski, A.; Busza, W.; Carroll, A.; Chai, Z.; Decowski, M. P.; García, E.; Gburek, T.; George, N.; Gulbrandsen, K.; Gushue, S.; Halliwell, C.; Hamblen, J.; Hauer, M.; Heintzelman, G. A.; Henderson, C.; Hofman, D. J.; Hollis, R. S.; Hołyński, R.; Holzman, B.; Iordanova, A.; Johnson, E.; Kane, J. L.; Katzy, J.; Khan, N.; Kucewicz, W.; Kulinich, P.; Kuo, C. M.; Lin, W. T.; Manly, S.; McLeod, D.; Mignerey, A. C.; Nouicer, R.; Olszewski, A.; Pak, R.; Park, I. C.; Pernegger, H.; Reed, C.; Remsberg, L. P.; Reuter, M.; Roland, C.; Roland, G.; Rosenberg, L.; Sagerer, J.; Sarin, P.; Sawicki, P.; Seals, H.; Sedykh, I.; Skulski, W.; Smith, C. E.; Stankiewicz, M. A.; Steinberg, P.; Stephans, G. S. F.; Sukhanov, A.; Tang, J.-L.; Tonjes, M. B.; Trzupek, A.; Vale, C.; van Nieuwenhuizen, G. J.; Vaurynovich, S. S.; Verdier, R.; Veres, G. I.; Wenger, E.; Wolfs, F. L. H.; Wosiek, B.; Woźniak, K.; Wuosmaa, A. H.; Wysłouch, B.

In this talk I will review PHOBOS data on charged particle multiplicities, obtained in Au+Au and d+Au collisions at RHIC. The general features of the Au+Au pseudorapidity distributions results will be discussed and compared to those of /line{p}p collisions. The total charged particle multiplicity, scaled by the number of participant pairs, is observed to be about 40% higher in Au+Au collisions than in /line{p}p and d+Au systems, but, surprisingly at the same level of e+e- collisions. Limiting fragmentation scaling is seen to be obeyed in Au+Au collisions.

WooCommerce cookbook

CERN Document Server

Rauland, Patrick

2015-01-01

If you have ever built or managed a WordPress site and want to add e-commerce functionality into your site, WooCommerce and this book are perfect for you. Learning how to use WooCommerce through this series of recipes will give you a solid platform to add any future e-commerce needs.

Study on the Cooperative E-commerce Model between Enterprises based on the Value Chain

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

XU Jun[1,2; LIU Xiaoxing[1

2015-01-01

The real e-commerce between enterprises is based on the internal departments of enterprises and the cooperative interaction between enterprise and its partners. In this paper, on the basis of the theory of value chain, 11 cooperative e-commerce models between enterprises have been classified according to the activities of the cooperation between enterprises, and then every cooperative e-commerce model between enterprises is discussed. In practice, cooperative e-commerce between enterprises can be a combination of one or more e-commerce models between enterprises.

Zaman Talukder : L'autonomisation des femmes au moyen de la ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

27 mars 2015 ... ... household food security and nutrition in Cambodia » (renforcer la production alimentaire de subsistance afin d'améliorer la sécurité alimentaire des ménages et la nutrition au Cambodge). Le projet est financé par le CRDI et le gouvernement du Canada par l'entremise d'affaires étrangères, Commerce et ...

Internationalisation of construction business and e-commerce: Innovation, integration and dynamic capabilities

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Thayaparan Gajendran

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Despite the role of internet and web based applications in delivering competitive advantage through e-business process is widely acknowledged, little is done by way of research to use the dynamic capability framework, in exploring the role of ecommerce in the construction business internationalisation. The aim of this paper is to present a literature based theoretical exploration using dynamic capability view to discuss internationalising construction businesses through electronic commerce (e-commerce platforms. This paper contextualises the opportunities for internationalising construction, using a mix of supply chain paradigms, embedded with e-commerce platforms. The paper concludes by identifying the potential of dynamic capabilities of a firm, exploiting the innovation and integration potential of different e-business systems, in contributing to the internationalisation of construction businesses. It proposes that contracting firms with developed dynamic capabilities, has the potential to exploit e-commerce platforms to channel upstream activities to an international destination, and also offers the firm’s products/services to international markets.

15 CFR 19.14 - How will Commerce entities report Commerce debts to credit bureaus?

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false How will Commerce entities report Commerce debts to credit bureaus? 19.14 Section 19.14 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce COMMERCE DEBT COLLECTION Procedures To Collect Commerce Debts § 19.14 How will Commerce entities...

M-commerce

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ulhøi, John Parm; Jørgensen, Frances

2009-01-01

Når små og mellemstore virksomheder (SMVer [F1] ) vover sig ud i nye forretningsmuligheder, som baserer sig på mobile devices via trådløs kommunikation med et forretningsmæssigt formål for øje eller 'Mobile Commerce' (M-commerce), skal de være meget dygtige til både at udnytte forkantsteknologier...... af disse netværk som en central del af nye M-commerce forretningsmodeller for SMVer og at redegøre for de foreløbige resultater fra projektets indledende fase. Projektets formål er at udforske, beskrive og facilitere udviklingen af nye forretningsmodeller for M-commerce i danske SMVer. Data er blevet...... indsamlet gennem dybdeinterview. Artiklen bidrager til teori om M-commerce forretningsmodeller, og i særdeleshed, modeller der karakteriseres af intenst netværkssamarbejde.   [F1] Jeg er ikke overbevist, at vi ikke skulle bruge SMEs, da det er meget mere kendt, også herhjemme....

Le e-commerce, facteur d’atténuation des iniquités territoriales en termes d’offre commerciale ?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lucie Sieys

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Le e-commerce est un outil récent qui offre à tout un chacun la possibilité de vendre et d’acheter sur une plateforme virtuelle des biens et des services de toutes sortes. Il possède donc, en théorie, le potentiel de pallier les disparités spatiales d’accessibilité au commerce, qui peuvent être observées entre urbain, périurbain et rural. Notre article se propose d’analyser la façon dont le e-commerce est utilisé dans les différents types de territoires : nous mettons en évidence une similarité dans les pratiques des ménages, quel que soit leur territoire de résidence. Nous interprétons ces similarités par des pratiques de mobilité faciles (rapides et peu chères qui permettent aujourd’hui à une majeure partie des ménages un accès aux commerces traditionnels.

APPRENTISSAGE ADMINISTRATIF FORMATION ET DEVELOPPEMENT HR/TD/AP L'APPRENTISSAGE AU CERN - French version only

CERN Multimedia

2003-01-01

pour les professions d'employé(e) de commerce et d'assistant(e) en information documentaire L'apprentissage au CERN est régi par les lois, règlements et contrats en vigueur dans le Canton de Genève. En cas de réussite à l'examen de fin d'apprentissage, les apprentis obtiennent le Certificat Fédéral de Capacité Suisse (CFC). 1 place est offerte pour la formation d'employé(e) de commerce 2 places sont offertes pour la formation d'assistant(e) en information documentaire L'apprentissage dure 3 ans. Minima requis pour faire acte de candidature : - avoir terminé la scolarité obligatoire - être ressortissant d'un pays membre du CERN (Allemagne, Autriche, Belgique, Bulgarie, Danemark, Espagne, Finlande, France, Grèce, Hongrie, Italie, Norvège, Pays-Bas, Pologne, Portugal, République slovaque, République tchèque, Royaume-Uni, Suède, Suisse) - pour les employés de commerce : avoir au moins 15 ans et moins de 21 ans à la date de début de l'apprentissage - pour les assistants en information...

Electronic Commerce

OpenAIRE

Slavko Đerić

2016-01-01

Electronic commerce can be defined in different ways. Any definition helps to understand and explain that concept as better as possible.. Electronic commerce is a set of procedures and technologies that automate the tasks of financial transactions using electronic means. Also, according to some authors, electronic commerce is defined as a new concept, which is being developed and which includes process of buying and selling or exchanging products, services or information via computer networks...

Interferences Between e-Commerce and Insurance

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marius GAVRILETEA

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Internet use grew faster than any other technology in the last few years and it has a powerful impact on international commerce development. New opportunities appear for small and medium companies which use the internet to make commerce across the borders. Citizens save their time and money making payments on the internet, ordering goods and services using their home computers. With all this advantages, a wide variety of barriers show up and disturb the internet activity. Using the internet, companies can be affected by the losses of revenues, losses of information, security dates, reputation damage, interruption of activity, theft of private information, etc. To cover all this internet risks, insurers develop new products in order to meet all the company and citizens expectations.

A quality profile and techniques for eCommerce application assessment: D 2 ProducEbility-U

OpenAIRE

Punter, T.; Steffens, P.

2002-01-01

This document presents the deliverables of the Work packages WP2.1 and WP2.2 of the Fraunhofer IESE 2002 internal project ProducEbility-U. It provides the definition of a quality profile for eCommerce applications and an overview of assessment criteria. This chapter provides a characterisation of eCommerce applications, compare the assessment of eCommerce applications with other FhG/IESE-assessments, and motivates the development of quality profile for eCommerce assessment. An eCommerce appli...

Consumer Decision - Making Process in E - Commerce: Case of Salzburg - Ankara

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ahmet Gürbüz

2015-09-01

Full Text Available In a globalized world, companies need to track the changes occur in their internal and external stakeholders in order to develop consistent strategies, structures and systems for success in e-commerce. Tracking and researching the existing and potential customers and companies as external stakeholders has become very important. This study aims to reveal a scientific approach about the purchasing decisions of e-commerce companies’ customers, to carry the e-commerce applications in Austria to Turkey, to transfer the e-commerce applications in Turkey to Austria and to contribute for the development of e-commerce. To achieve this, in-depth interviews were conducted with 16 female e-commerce users in Ankara/Turkey and in Salzburg/Austria to reveal the similarities and differences between the purchasing decision processes of different countries’ citizens. Similarities and differences in the purchasing decision process of customers were determined for the dimensions of price compatibility, practicality, accessibility, speed, comfort, convenience and cost and suggestions are offered for the development of e-commerce in Turkey.

Institute for Commerce & International Marketing at the Saarland University, Germany: A Research Center in the Field of Retail Management and E-Commerce

OpenAIRE

Joachim Zentes

2005-01-01

Over the years, a lot of experience in the field of new developments in retail management and marketing and the necessary innovations in the IT-support tools for retailers as well as in the application of e-commerce - B2C and B2B - has been accumulated. The institute has come to notice, that e-commerce in all its forms has become a major source of change for retail companies and therefore dedicates a large share of its resources to the investigation of this highly relevant topic.

Relance de l'aquaculture au Sri Lanka | IDRC - International ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

29 avr. 2016 ... Aquaculture au Sri Lanka. L'adoption de l'ostréiculture dans deux collectivités côtières du Sri Lanka a donné lieu aux premières exportations d'huîtres du pays. Au Sri Lanka, le gouvernement a pour objectif de doubler la consommation de poisson par personne, de 11 kilos à 22 kilos par année, d'ici à la fin ...

The Social Commerce System

OpenAIRE

Dubovyk Tetiana V.; Ortynska Valentyna V.

2017-01-01

The social commerce is a relatively new phenomenon, found in the little researched direction of trade. Research results by the authors have provided to systematize the views on the concept of «social commerce», characterize the social commerce system, propose measures to develop a social commerce strategy. The authors have defined the social commerce as expansion of e-commerce in the social networks on the Internet, in which social factors are significant, and consumers use the right to creat...

Social Commerce – E-Commerce in Social Media Context

OpenAIRE

Linda Sau-ling LAI

2010-01-01

This paper aims to address the new trend of social commerce as electronic commerce leverages Web 2.0 technologies and online social media. The infusions of new technologies on the World Wide Web connect users in their homes and workplaces, thus transforming social formations and business transactions. An in-depth study of the growth and success of a social commerce site, Facebook was conducted. The investigation is finalized with a triad relational model which reflects so...

e-Business and e-Commerce

OpenAIRE

Moriset , Bruno

2018-01-01

preprint for: International Encyclopedia of Human Geography, 2 nd éd. Elsevier; This article presents the fundamentals of e-business and e-commerce and their relations with geography. Electronic platforms and marketplaces provide economies of scale and network effects. E-business gives value chains a high degree of organizational (outsourcing) and locational (offshoring) flexibility, and firms can purchase intermediate goods and business services on a global basis. The rise of e-business shap...

Internal Factors within Entrepreneurs that Influence the Acceptance and Use of Social Commerce among SMEs in Malaysia

OpenAIRE

Azilahwati Binti Adam; Jessnor Elmy Binti Mat Jizat; Mohd Asri Bin Mohd Nor

2016-01-01

Current technological advances, particularly in information and communications technology (ICT) and social media have sparked a phenomenon in the business world. The existence of social commerce (s-commerce), which is a combination of e-commerce and social media, has opened up greater opportunities for SMEs in Malaysia. The use of s-commerce as a medium for marketing and buying and selling is capable of helping SMEs to increase the sales and profitability of their businesses. However, accordi...

Femmes et système judiciaire au Cambodge | IDRC - International ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Au Cambodge, les femmes sont partout victimes de discrimination, y compris au chapitre de l'accès à l'éducation, à l'emploi ou à la vie politique. ... a new funding opportunity aimed at fostering effective, long-term climate action to reduce social inequality, promote greater gender parity, and empower women and girls.

Unique Features of Mobile Commerce

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

DING Xiaojun; IIJIMA Junichi; HO Sho

2004-01-01

While the market potentials and impacts of web-based e-commerce are still in the ascendant, the advances in wireless technologies and mobile networks have brought about a new business opportunity and research attention, what is termed mobile commerce. Commonly, mobile commerce is considered to be another new application of existing web-based e-commerce onto wireless networks, but as an independent business area, mobile commerce has its own advantages and challenges as opposed to traditional e-commerce applications. This paper focuses on exploring the unique features of mobile commerce as. Compared with traditional e-commerce. Also, there are still some limitations arisen in m-commerce in contrast to web-based e-commerce. Finally, current state of mobile commerce in Japan is presented in brief, with an introduction of several cases involving mobile commerce applications in today 's marketplace.

15 CFR 19.15 - How will Commerce entities refer Commerce debts to private collection agencies?

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false How will Commerce entities refer Commerce debts to private collection agencies? 19.15 Section 19.15 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce COMMERCE DEBT COLLECTION Procedures To Collect Commerce Debts § 19.15 How will...

From E-commerce to Social Commerce: A Framework to Guide Enabling Cloud Computing

OpenAIRE

Baghdadi, Youcef

2013-01-01

Social commerce is doing commerce in a collaborative and participative way, by using social media, through an enterprise interactive interface that enables social interactions. Technologies such as Web 2.0, Cloud Computing and Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) enable social commerce. Yet, a framework for social commerce, putting Enterprise Social Interactions as central entities, would provide a strong business justification for social commerce design and adoption with these enabling techno...

E-COMMERCE MARKET AND PERSPECTIVES FOR THE REVERSE COMMERCE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Michał Laskowski

2015-12-01

Full Text Available E-commerce has been evolving from being a purely niche phenomenon to owning a vital share in economies of developed countries. Growth of such distribution and sales channel has been highly correlated with technological improvements penetrating modern societies. Today we stand in front of new ideas, adoption barriers and profit opportunities. There are a few trends ready to take off in the near future, one of them is the idea of reverse e-commerce, which is engaging the consumer even more into a highly personalized buying process. Nevertheless, every new idea needs the suitable time and place to launch. The purpose of this analysis is to verify prospects for the reverse e-commerce, which has a huge market potential. Reverse e-Commerce has every chance of becoming a new, still undiscovered now, marketing channel.

The Social Commerce System

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dubovyk Tetiana V.

2017-03-01

Full Text Available The social commerce is a relatively new phenomenon, found in the little researched direction of trade. Research results by the authors have provided to systematize the views on the concept of «social commerce», characterize the social commerce system, propose measures to develop a social commerce strategy. The authors have defined the social commerce as expansion of e-commerce in the social networks on the Internet, in which social factors are significant, and consumers use the right to create content through the media via forums, ratings, reviews, and recommendations on different platforms. Enterprises are advised to use social tools to perform social interaction with consumers in social networks, create a social climate in view of the social support on the Web. The authors have proposed the concept of «social commerce system», structure of which contains the following elements: individuality of consumer, social communications, social communities, e-commerce; defined the multidimensional attributes that are naturally associated with all four elements of the social commerce. They cover the quality of information, system quality, quality of service, convenience and ease-of-use, payment mechanism.

THE COMMERCE AND THE PRODUCTION OF THE URBAN SPACE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Lucy Oliveira Freire

2011-01-01

Full Text Available The objective of this article is to contribute with the studies concerning the joints between commerce and city in the measure where the appearance of new commercial forms has an striking in the process of production of the urban space. Functioning, relations social, merchandises, movements internal and external, and everything what of the life to the traditional markets, fairs and other said types of commerce, they are each time more attractive to the point of if becoming, today, in different, that it resists in way what if became homogeneous, the such as the forms that shelters the called modern commerce, as shopping centers. This dynamics of the commerce motivated a in progress research, which comes studying the paper of the markets, the fairs, the grocery, the diverse galleries and other types of commerce, which, historically, they incur into changes in the city. The starting point of the analyses is the markets and the fairs surviving in way to the pressure it growth of the metropolis, a time transformed into leisure centers (cultural, gastronomical, tourist, etc.. The text privileges the first part of the research; systemize a survey of bibliographical sources/theoreticians, especially to those related to the historical development of the commerce, of the unfolding of the commercial exchanges that, to the few, demand shelters for the permanent functioning in the city.

E-COMMERCE

OpenAIRE

Mihai Moraru

2008-01-01

E-commerce (Electronic Commerce or EC) is the buying and selling of goods and services on the Internet, especially the World Wide Web. In practice, this term and a newer term, e-business is often used interchangeably. For online retail selling, the term e-tailing sometimes used.

E-COMMERCE

OpenAIRE

Mihai MORARU

2009-01-01

E-commerce (Electronic Commerce or EC) is the buying and selling of goods and services on the Internet, especially the World Wide Web. In practice, this term and a newer term, e-business is often used interchangeably. For online retail selling, the term e-tailing sometimes used.

The Long Term Effects of Electronic Commerce and Data Interchange on Firms

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

François Bergeron

1998-11-01

Full Text Available This research aims to identify the determinants of electronic commerce effectiveness, as well as the variation over time of their effect. A two-phased study was undertaken for this purpose, using EDI as a specific form of electronic commerce. Sixty-five organisations were surveyed twice over a three-year period. In Phase 1, determining factors were found to be the level of organisational support, the rigour of the implementation process, the presence of control procedures, and the level of internal integration, external integration and imposition of EDI. Imposition also has a negative effect on the organisational context of EDI. In Phase 2, the implementation process, internal integration and imposition lost their importance, whereas the effect of imposition on the organisational context became positive. In the future, we expect the security and external integration to be the most important success factors of electronic commerce.

STUDI EMPIRIK SOCIAL COMMERCE (S-COMMERCE DARI SUDUT PANDANG KUALITAS WEBSITE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Endang Supriyati

2015-04-01

Full Text Available ABSTRAK E-commerce berevolusi dengan mengadopsi web 2.0 yang mempunyai kapabilitas meningkatkan partisipasi pelanggan dan meningkatkan nilai ekonomi. Fenomena baru ini dikenal dengan istilah social commerce (s-commerce. Kualitas website dipengaruhi tiga hal yaitu kulitas system (system quality, kualitas layanan(service quality dan kualitas informasi (information quality. Kualitas pelayanan yang baik dapat membantu pengguna mendapatkan kekuatan penuh dari website dengan cara mencocokan dengan harapan mereka. Kualitas informasi menunjukkan sejauh mana isi dari website tersebut tepat waktu (up date, akurat, dan lengkap.Penelitian ini bersifat empirik dengan menerapkan model kualitas website pada dua s-commerce yaitu tokopedia.com dan lazada.co.id. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisa sistemmatis, perbandingan dan observasi. Dari model yang diterapkan didapat hasil bahwa tokopedia memiliki lebih banyak atribut-atribut kualitas website. Kata kunci: s-commerce, kualitas web site, system, service, informasi.

Electronic Commerce and Indirect Taxation

OpenAIRE

Watanabe, Satoshi

2001-01-01

This paper considers the reason why indirect tax issues arise in the context of electronic commerce and discusses relevant issues. To do so, the paper presents a simple framework to understand and examine these issues in the international context. It also identifies common and different issues of the VAT system and the RST system. It demonstrates that an emerging solution proposed in the context of the VAT system can be affected with difficult problems that were regarded to be problems of the...

E-COMMERCE SIDEWALK CLOTHING

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dias Ariffiana

2016-08-01

Full Text Available E-commerce merupakan aplikasi perdagangan barang atau jasa berbasis web melalui media internet.  Sidewalk Clothing saat ini dalam melakukan proses jual beli masih mengharuskan pembeli dan penjual bertatap muka secara langsung. E-commerce atau yang lebih dikenal dengan toko online memberikan kemudahan dalam melakukan proses jual beli sehingga transaksi jual beli menjadi lebih efektif dan efisien. Hasil yang dicapai dalam pembuatan e-commerce ini adalah mempermudah proses transaksi jual beli tanpa terikat waktu dan tempat. Dengan adanya e-commerce ini pemilik toko dimudahkan dalam memperbaharui informasi mengenai produk yang dijual dan dapat sekaligus meningkatkan penjualan. Pembeli dimudahkan dalam dalam mendapatkan informasi produk yang ditawarkan dan pembeli bisa membeli produk tersebut setiap saat. Dengan adanya e-commerce ini dapat memudahkan transaksi jual beli antara pemilik toko dan pembeli, serta memudahkan pemilik toko dalam memperbaharui informasi sehingga dengan adanya e- commerce omset penjualan akanmeningkat. Kata Kunci:E-commerce, website, Sidewalk Clothing

15 CFR 19.16 - When will Commerce entities refer Commerce debts to the Department of Justice?

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false When will Commerce entities refer Commerce debts to the Department of Justice? 19.16 Section 19.16 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce COMMERCE DEBT COLLECTION Procedures To Collect Commerce Debts § 19.16 When will...

Pemakaian E-Commerce untuk Usaha Kecil dan Menengah Guna Meningkatkan Daya Saing

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Julisar Julisar

2013-12-01

Full Text Available One key to the success of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs is the availability of a clear market for the products. Meanwhile, the fundamental weaknesses faced by SMEs in marketing are low market orientation, weakness in a complex and sharp competition and inadequate marketing infrastructure. Faced with an increasingly open market mechanisms and competitive, market control is prerequisite for improving competitiveness. Therefore, expansion of market access with Web-based Information Technology is now needed as a medium for global communication. One thing that gives a competitive advantage in international trade competition is information technology of electronic commerce or e-commerce. This paper shows the important role of e-commerce for SMEs in Indonesia and how to model the development of e-commerce. This paper intends to show the important role of e-commerce for SMEs in Indonesia and how to model the development of ecommerce.

School of Management, Marketing and Commerce Studies

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

R. B. Nozdryova

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Governance and regulation at the national and international level, the management system of the leading companies in the world, forms and methods of management, and marketing, commercial and advertising work form a relatively new subject field in domestic science. These issues have been introduced into the educational process in Russian universities in the second half of the 1980s. At the MGIMO these research areas have been developed for more than 60 years. Scientific School of the Department of Management and Marketing and the Department of Management Foreign Economic Activity is oriented at the international level and focuses on the development of organizational forms and methods of management, marketing strategy, marketing, and commerce in the context of foreign trade and international activities of domestic firms and organizations on the basis of a comprehensive study of advanced management experience of leading foreign countries. In the early stages of its existence, the school was focused on methodological and practical aspects of international commerce and advertising. But gradually its research encompassed the field of management and marketing, and the scientific school in the field of international management and marketing was established on the basis of examination of relevant theories and experiences of leading foreign countries, and especially multinational companies. Originally these studies were conducted by the Department International Economic Relations of the Faculty of International Economic Relations at MGIMO. The disciplines included studies of the foreign trade operations in global markets, management of foreign economic activities in foreign countries, world commodity markets, and others. The textbook "Organization and technology of foreign trade in the capitalist market" by I.N. Gerchikova, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Doctor of Economic Science, Professor, published in 1977 already contained sections on

The Application of Dynamic Capabilities in E-commerce Innovation Context : The Implications for Chinese E-commerce companies

OpenAIRE

Chen, YongJia; Liang, WeiMin

2007-01-01

This study mainly investigated how Chinese E-commerce companies should cope with E-commerce innovation with specific dynamic capabilities. E-commerce (Electronic Commerce) innovation includes three phases of innovation based on technology and time. They are web-based commerce, mobile commerce (M-commerce) and ubiquitous commerce (U-commerce). They caused not only technological changes but also organizational changes. To cope with E-commerce innovation, a prerequisite is to understand the impa...

29 CFR 779.12 - Commerce.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Commerce. 779.12 Section 779.12 Labor Regulations Relating... OR SERVICES General Some Basic Definitions § 779.12 Commerce. Commerce as used in the Act includes interstate and foreign commerce. It is defined in section 3(b) of the Act to mean “trade, commerce...

E-Commerce for utilities

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Malicky, M. [Metzler and Associates, Deerfield, IL (United States)

1999-07-01

The use of E-Commerce by energy utility and service companies was discussed. E-Commerce was described as being all communication via the web including Internet, Intranet and Extranet. E-Commerce communication includes the exchange of information, data, money services, products, ideas, conversations, knowledge, inventory and events. E-Commerce can be applied to electric and gas utilities to enhance energy marketing, delivery, retail energy, energy services, retail services and customer satisfaction. This means of communication is quickly becoming an essential part of customer care strategy. It reduces costs and improves performance. It was forecasted that E-Commerce will more than double from 1998 to 2001. 15 refs.

Diffusion of 1,4-butanedithiol radicals on Au(111) and Au(100): A DFT-based comparison

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Franke, Andreas; Pehlke, Eckhard [Institut fuer Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, Universitaet Kiel, 24098 Kiel (Germany)

2010-07-01

Organic molecules chemisorbed on surfaces hold the perspective of surface functionalization. The 1,4-butanedithiol radical chemisorbed at the Au(111) or Au(100) surface serves as a model system for the S-Au molecule-substrate bond. Density functional total-energy calculations have been carried out for the chemisorption of the radical on the unreconstructed Au surfaces, which are both known to be stabilized under electrochemical conditions. Local minima with close-by energies indicate multi-valley potential-energy surfaces, which originate from the interplay between the two S-Au adsorbate-substrate bonds and the internal degrees of freedom of the butanedithiol radical. Diffusion paths of the radical on both Au surfaces have been calculated within DFT using VASP. The diffusion barriers for translation and rotation of the radical differ. They can be fine-tuned by varying the applied potential in the electrochemical cell. This is considered theoretically by inspecting the variation of the dipole moment along the reaction paths. Consequences for the dynamics of succeeding diffusion hops are discussed.

E-commerce trade in invasive plants.

Science.gov (United States)

Humair, Franziska; Humair, Luc; Kuhn, Fabian; Kueffer, Christoph

2015-12-01

Biological invasions are a major concern in conservation, especially because global transport of species is still increasing rapidly. Conservationists hope to anticipate and thus prevent future invasions by identifying and regulating potentially invasive species through species risk assessments and international trade regulations. Among many introduction pathways of non-native species, horticulture is a particularly important driver of plant invasions. In recent decades, the horticultural industry expanded globally and changed structurally through the emergence of new distribution channels, including internet trade (e-commerce). Using an automated search algorithm, we surveyed, on a daily basis, e-commerce trade on 10 major online auction sites (including eBay) of approximately three-fifths of the world's spermatophyte flora. Many recognized invasive plant species (>500 species) (i.e., species associated with ecological or socio-economic problems) were traded daily worldwide on the internet. A markedly higher proportion of invasive than non-invasive species were available online. Typically, for a particular plant family, 30-80% of recognized invasive species were detected on an auction site, but only a few percentages of all species in the plant family were detected on a site. Families that were more traded had a higher proportion of invasive species than families that were less traded. For woody species, there was a significant positive relationship between the number of regions where a species was sold and the number of regions where it was invasive. Our results indicate that biosecurity is not effectively regulating online plant trade. In the future, automated monitoring of e-commerce may help prevent the spread of invasive species, provide information on emerging trade connectivity across national borders, and be used in horizon scanning exercises for early detection of new species and their geographic source areas in international trade. © 2015 Society for

Comportements des firmes et commerce international

OpenAIRE

Joël Thomas Ravix; Olivier Sautel

2007-01-01

Growth of international outsourcing, has been a dominant feature of the international economy. Recent theoretical developments have focused on firm behaviour and its consequences on trade structure, through the introduction of the modern theory of the firm. In a first section, we link this new approach with previous explanations of vertical specialization (intra-industry trade and Multinational Corporation). In a second section, we present methodology and results of these new developments, wh...

7 CFR 1220.103 - Commerce.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Commerce. 1220.103 Section 1220.103 Agriculture... CONSUMER INFORMATION Soybean Promotion and Research Order Definitions § 1220.103 Commerce. The term commerce means interstate, foreign, or intrastate commerce. ...

Genre et commerce équitable au Cameroun | Tchouassi | Africa ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The article seeks, through an analysis of literature on gender, to illustrate how basic principles of fair trade can permit the reading of the position of women in international exchange or their access to world trade. Using the hypothesis that women are the main creators of fair trade enterprises in Cameroon, the paper employs ...

International trade and air pollution: estimating the economic costs of air emissions from waterborne commerce vessels in the United States.

Science.gov (United States)

Gallagher, Kevin P

2005-10-01

Although there is a burgeoning literature on the effects of international trade on the environment, relatively little work has been done on where trade most directly effects the environment: the transportation sector. This article shows how international trade is affecting air pollution emissions in the United States' shipping sector. Recent work has shown that cargo ships have been long overlooked regarding their contribution to air pollution. Indeed, ship emissions have recently been deemed "the last unregulated source of traditional air pollutants". Air pollution from ships has a number of significant local, national, and global environmental effects. Building on past studies, we examine the economic costs of this increasing and unregulated form of environmental damage. We find that total emissions from ships are largely increasing due to the increase in foreign commerce (or international trade). The economic costs of SO2 pollution range from dollars 697 million to dollars 3.9 billion during the period examined, or dollars 77 to dollars 435 million on an annual basis. The bulk of the cost is from foreign commerce, where the annual costs average to dollars 42 to dollars 241 million. For NOx emissions the costs are dollars 3.7 billion over the entire period or dollars 412 million per year. Because foreign trade is driving the growth in US shipping, we also estimate the effect of the Uruguay Round on emissions. Separating out the effects of global trade agreements reveals that the trade agreement-led emissions amounted to dollars 96 to dollars 542 million for SO2 between 1993 and 2001, or dollars 10 to dollars 60 million per year. For NOx they were dollars 745 million for the whole period or dollars 82 million per year. Without adequate policy responses, we predict that these trends and costs will continue into the future.

Bendable solid-state supercapacitors with Au nanoparticle-embedded graphene hydrogel films

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Kyungwhan; Cho, Kyoungah; Yoon, Dae Sung; Kim, Sangsig

2017-01-01

In this study, we fabricate bendable solid-state supercapacitors with Au nanoparticle (NP)-embedded graphene hydrogel (GH) electrodes and investigate the influence of the Au NP embedment on the internal resistance and capacitive performance. Embedding the Au NPs into the GH electrodes results in a decrease of the internal resistance from 35 to 21 Ω, and a threefold reduction of the IR drop at a current density of 5 A/g when compared with GH electrodes without Au NPs. The Au NP-embedded GH supercapacitors (NP-GH SCs) exhibit excellent capacitive performances, with large specific capacitance (135 F/g) and high energy density (15.2 W·h/kg). Moreover, the NP-GH SCs exhibit comparable areal capacitance (168 mF/cm2) and operate under tensile/compressive bending. PMID:28074865

15 CFR 19.11 - How will Commerce entities use tax refund offset to collect a Commerce debt?

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false How will Commerce entities use tax refund offset to collect a Commerce debt? 19.11 Section 19.11 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce COMMERCE DEBT COLLECTION Procedures To Collect Commerce Debts § 19.11 How will...

15 CFR 19.8 - When will Commerce entities suspend or terminate debt collection on a Commerce debt?

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false When will Commerce entities suspend or terminate debt collection on a Commerce debt? 19.8 Section 19.8 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce COMMERCE DEBT COLLECTION Procedures To Collect Commerce Debts § 19.8 When will...

INTERNET COMMERCE IN MARITIME INDUSTRY

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Monika Szyda

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Internet commerce in Poland is growing rapidly, entering into new industries and of-fering a wider and wider range of goods and services. For electronic commerce is open maritime industry, as evidenced by the maritime e-commerce. This aspect of e-commerce is not a popular topic of publications and research. In this article the author presents the genesis of electronic commerce in the maritime industry taking into account the particular business relationship business-to-business (B2B. Then attempt to characterize maritime e-commerce in business-to-customer (B2C relationship. The purpose of this article is to identify the attributes of internet commerce in the maritime industry, having particular re-gard to Polish online market, especially retail.

E-commerce between a European and a Chinese company

NARCIS (Netherlands)

de Boer, S.J.; Wei, Y.; Zhong, Y.X.; Shi, J.; Lin, X.

2001-01-01

With the rapid development of the Chinese economy in general, and the Internet in China in particular, the scope for international business cooperation is increasing. This paper presents an e-commerce case study between a listed Chinese Internet service provider (ISP) company and a small Dutch IT

Designing Systems for E-Commerce

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shona Leitch

2003-05-01

Full Text Available Ethics is an important element in all aspects of computing, but proves to be a real problem in the development and delivery of E-Commerce systems. There are many aspects of ethics that can affect E-Commerce systems, but often research is focused on the ethics after the E-Commerce system has been implemented, focusing on issues such as trust, privacy and disclosure. This paper will discuss how ethical matters can affect the design of E-Commerce systems and how a framework designed for E-Commerce can be used to create and deliver effective, ethical E-Commerce systems.

Magnetic susceptibilities of liquid Cr-Au, Mn-Au and Fe-Au alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ohno, S.; Shimakura, H. [Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Higashijima, Akiha-ku, Niigata 956-8603 (Japan); Tahara, S. [Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa 903-0213 (Japan); Okada, T. [Niigata College of Technology, Kamishin’eicho, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2076 (Japan)

2015-08-17

The magnetic susceptibility of liquid Cr-Au, Mn-Au, Fe-Au and Cu-Au alloys was investigated as a function of temperature and composition. Liquid Cr{sub 1-c}Au{sub c} with 0.5 ≤ c and Mn{sub 1-c}Au{sub c} with 0.3≤c obeyed the Curie-Weiss law with regard to their dependence of χ on temperature. The magnetic susceptibilities of liquid Fe-Au alloys also exhibited Curie-Weiss behavior with a reasonable value for the effective number of Bohr magneton. On the Au-rich side, the composition dependence of χ for liquid TM-Au (TM=Cr, Mn, Fe) alloys increased rapidly with increasing TM content, respectively. Additionally, the composition dependences of χ for liquid Cr-Au, Mn-Au, and Fe-Au alloys had maxima at compositions of 50 at% Cr, 70 at% Mn, and 85 at% Fe, respectively. We compared the composition dependences of χ{sub 3d} due to 3d electrons for liquid binary TM-M (M=Au, Al, Si, Sb), and investigated the relationship between χ{sub 3d} and E{sub F} in liquid binary TM-M alloys at a composition of 50 at% TM.

29 CFR 401.1 - Commerce.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Commerce. 401.1 Section 401.1 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS MEANING OF TERMS USED IN THIS SUBCHAPTER § 401.1 Commerce. Commerce means trade, traffic, commerce, transportation...

Strategiske udfordringer for e-commerce og m-commerce

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Rask, Morten

2005-01-01

For at være forretningsmæssigt levedygtige, må m-portaler tiltrække og fastholde kunderne. Kernebudskabet i dette afsnit er at muligheden for at være succesfuld med dette vil afhænge af dynamiske strategier, der blander elementer af personalisering, adgang og specifikation af indhold. Vi gennemgå...... her kerneforskelle mellem traditionel e-handel (e-commerce) og m-commerce og hvordan de to handelsformer adskiller sig med hensyn til personalisering, adgang og specifikation af indhold....

Electronic commerce

OpenAIRE

Zvolánková, Pavla

2010-01-01

The thesis deals with a description of electronic commerce from its beginning up to present situation in this area. It explains basic terms connected with electronic commerce and it summarizes the relevant legislation. Moreover it describes e-contracts and rights and duties of both contractual parties. The main view is the view of Internet retailer, which is reflected in the practical part focused on concrete problems of retailers.

15 CFR 19.9 - When will Commerce entities transfer a Commerce debt to the Treasury Department's Financial...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false When will Commerce entities transfer a Commerce debt to the Treasury Department's Financial Management Service for collection? 19.9 Section 19.9 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce COMMERCE DEBT COLLECTION Procedures To...

E-Commerce Education In China

OpenAIRE

Chen Juhua; Hu Yong; Wang Wei

2004-01-01

This paper introduced the development of e-commerce education in China within the framework that the advantages, development, and education of e-commerce are functionally interactive. The first part of the paper is dedicated to explaining the advantage of e-commerce as well as the present situation and prospects of e-commerce in China. Then, the next two sections are focused on reporting the rapid progress of e-commerce education and its limitation in China. Next, we analyze its irrationality...

INTERNET COMMERCE IN MARITIME INDUSTRY

OpenAIRE

Monika Szyda

2014-01-01

Internet commerce in Poland is growing rapidly, entering into new industries and of-fering a wider and wider range of goods and services. For electronic commerce is open maritime industry, as evidenced by the maritime e-commerce. This aspect of e-commerce is not a popular topic of publications and research. In this article the author presents the genesis of electronic commerce in the maritime industry taking into account the particular business relationship business-to-business (B2B). Then at...

77 FR 25678 - International Trade Administration

Science.gov (United States)

2012-05-01

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration Antidumping or Countervailing Duty Order..., International Trade Administration, Department of Commerce. Background Every five years, pursuant to section 751...'') and the International Trade Commission automatically initiate and conduct a review to determine...

Electronic commerce: beyond the euphoria.

Science.gov (United States)

Healy, J L; DeLuca, J M

2000-01-01

As the center of considerable media attention, case study articles, vendor research, and development efforts, electronic commerce technology is entering healthcare and having a profound effect. The simple truth, however, is that after the drama and excitement begins to wear off, completing a successful e-commerce implementation remains good old-fashioned hard, sometimes monotonous work. To be successful, e-commerce technologies must be planned and implemented with rigorous project standards, and incorporated with significant process and workflow reengineering to actually return significant value to the organization. This article briefs readers on the organizational issues they must consider in evaluating e-commerce readiness--cultural, executive and technological factors that either support or inhibit project and technology success. Readers will be left with the tools to conduct an electronic commerce "readiness assessment" to evaluate the immediate, mid- and long-term potential of electronic commerce; practical remediation strategies for better preparing the organization for the changes inherent in moving to an e-commerce-enabled business model; and comments from the field--advice from organizations that have successfully implemented e-commerce technologies into their ongoing operations.

Central Au on Au collisions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Alard, J.P.; Amouroux, V. [Labo de Phys. Corp., IN2P3-CRNS, Univ. Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Fd. (France); Basrak, Z. [Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb (Croatia)] [and others; FOPI-Collaboration

1995-02-06

In nucleus-nucleus collisions the initial relative kinetic energy of target and projectile is available for internal excitation of the interacting system; it is however still not well established to what extent local equilibrium and thermalisation occur. Local equilibrium is of interest to derive, within the formalism of transport equations and of the equation of state, (EOS), general properties of compressed and excited nuclear matter. Such approach describes in relatively simple terms the complex many body interactions occuring within extended baryonic and hadronic (or quark) matter. For a basic microscopic understanding it is highly desirable to investigate the elementary in-medium interactions in relation to the free elementary processes. Excitation function measurements of central collisions between the heaviest available nuclei (like Au on Au), supply the best ground for such studies: the highest degree of thermalisation and compression is expected for such reactions. The consideration presented here of energy thermalisation and of an expanding system clusterizing at freeze-out in a situation close to the liquid gas phase transition can be of interest to astrophysics as well as to the quark gluon plasma deconfinement studied in nucleus-nucleus collisions at the higher energy regime of CERN and Brookhaven. (orig.).

E-commerce influence on changes in logistics processes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jadwiga Żurek

2015-06-01

Full Text Available   Background: The aim of this publication is to address the changes in retail trade, which have a direct influence on the development of e-commerce which in turn causes modifications to logistics chain management strategies and methods of flow control. Materials: The article has been written on the basis of an analysis of subject literature together with determining the influence of e-commerce to changes in logistics processes. The publications included in this study have been selected in order to present the subject of e-commerce development as well as evaluate changes in methods of flow control. The analysis has been prepared based on the author's experience and available reports and publications. Results: As a result of the conducted analysis, an assessment of the proficiency level of the changes in logistics processes on the local and international market as well as of the trends for these changes has been made. Conclusions: With the development of e-commerce, a new logistics chain management strategy began to appear, which covered both the process of handling the online and offline sales channel. Therefore, it can be concluded that properly adapted flow control methods will be the means for achieving the goal. Tasks will include: streamlining flow processes, improving the efficiency of logistic processes as well as adjusting them to market requirements.    

FACTORS INFLUENCING E-COMMERCE ADOPTION BY SMES INDONESIA: A CONCEPTUAL MODEL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Evi Triandini

2015-11-01

Full Text Available E-commerce present different prospect to Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs andprovides benefits to SMEs. At this stage, there are a number of studies focused on SMEs indeveloped countries. For developing countries, the situation is quite different. Furthermore, thereis still limited number of researches on e-commerce adoption by SMEs in Indonesia. SMEs playa vital role in reducing the rate of poverty and unemployment in Indonesian economy. In 2009,micro, small and medium enterprises in Indonesia consist of 52.7 million units or 99.99% of thetotal business enterprises, and employ 96.21 million people or 97% of the total labor forces. SMEsin Indonesia faced internal and external problems. This study explores various factors influencinge-commerce adoption by SMEs in several countries and projecting it to Indonesia. Results showsthat there are a number of perceived opportunities presented by e-commerce adoption inIndonesia, i.e. extending market-reach and even global, increasing customer personalizeservices, and improving its competitiveness. Furthermore, this study also proposes six potentialfactors influenced the adoption of e-commerce by SMEs in Indonesia, i.e. perceived usefulness,perceived ease of use, relative advantage, perceived risk, perceived trust, and compatibility.

E-commerce

OpenAIRE

Zákorová, Eva

2016-01-01

E-commerce presents realization of business processes, which are realised through the electronic communication instruments (especially Internet). E-commerce brings positives and negatives, which go from traditional business. Presentation of firms with WWW pages becomes an impulsion for steps to implementation of e-business resolution. In last years are rising special logistic centres, an example of this are logistic centres of net courier, express and parcel services or logistic centres of in...

15 CFR 19.5 - How will Commerce entities add interest, penalty charges, and administrative costs to a Commerce...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false How will Commerce entities add interest, penalty charges, and administrative costs to a Commerce debt? 19.5 Section 19.5 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce COMMERCE DEBT COLLECTION Procedures To Collect Commerce...

IT IN COMMERCE: E-COMMERCE AND OMNI-CHANNEL SALES IN RUSSIA

OpenAIRE

PHILIPP A. ANTIPIN

2017-01-01

The article discusses the use of information technologies and possibilities provided by the Internet in commerce. The global and European experience of omni-channel sales is discussed. The prospects and conditions of the development of e-commerce and omni-channel sales are identified.

XML Based Business-to-Business E-Commerce Frameworks%基于XML的B2B电子商务构架

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

范国闯; 刘庆文; 李京; 钟华

2002-01-01

The B2B (Business-to-Business)e-commerce framework solves the key problem-interoperability between enterprise during e-commerce transactions.Firstly,this paper presents several key factors of B2B e-commerce framework by analyzing the role of frameworks.Moreover,this paper analyzeds and compares several international popular B2B frameworks from from the point of view of these factors.Finally,this paper proposes the design principles,objectives and e-commerce transaction language of cnXML (Chiese e-Commerce XML)frameworks.

E-Commerce in the Asian Context: Selected Case Studies | CRDI ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

E-commerce in Asia has been receiving considerable attention as a result of the proliferation of Internet connectivity and technologies in the region. In response to this trend, Canada's International Development Research Centre (IDRC) commissioned four studies to investigate the various economic, social, methodological, ...

41 CFR 102-118.80 - Who is responsible for keeping my agency's electronic commerce transportation billing records?

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... keeping my agency's electronic commerce transportation billing records? 102-118.80 Section 102-118.80... Transportation and Transportation Services § 102-118.80 Who is responsible for keeping my agency's electronic commerce transportation billing records? Your agency's internal financial regulations will identify...

A Survey of E-Commerce Security

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

QIN Zhiguang; LUO Xucheng; GAO Rong

2004-01-01

E-commerce is a very active field of Intemet research. A very important aspect of e-commerce is its security. Because of the variety of e-commerce applications, many security policies,protocols and techniques are involved in the deployment of the security. The related standards and protocols ofe-commerce are studied in this paper. The general model of e-commerce security is set forth.In this model, two most important e-commerce protocols including secure sockets layer (SSL) and secure electronic transaction (SET) are analyzed. The open problems and new trends of e-commerce security are presented.

Security of M-Commerce transactions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ion IVAN

2013-07-01

Full Text Available In this material electronic market are defined. How they are structured. Security in E-Commerce applications is very important both at the administrative level and from the user perspective. The new trend in the field is the M-commerce that involves making purchases through mobile devices. And for M-commerce transactions the security is a very important thing. Here's how to analyze the security of M-commerce transactions and ways to increase security for these transactions taking into account the organization of M-Commerce applications, software used, hardware used and other important issues in the development of these applications.

Comprehensive plan for activating E-commerce

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-04-01

With the development of Information Technology and Internet, the world economy is facing an era of E-commerce. Internet E-commerce becomes valid over whole economic activities and internet-oriented economic paradigm is emerging. The advanced countries, such as USA and UK, are providing a vision for E-commerce development competitively and concentrating a national-wide capacity. Although the level of Korean E-commerce has a little gap with that of advanced countries, the fundamental foundation for activating E-commerce is established. To improve a reliability of cyber market, the plan for establishing foundation of cyber trade should be provided by revising E-commerce legislation system, expanding infrastructure, promoting E-commerce in public sector, and extending E-commerce between industry sectors.

Business and magic: Émile Zola, Au Bonheur des Dames and modern consumption

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Everardo Rocha

2014-12-01

Full Text Available This work examines the emergence of grand magazines and how this new commerce was crucial in establishing the phenomenon of consumption in modernity. In particular, it has been investigated through Émile Zola’s novel, Au Bonheur des Dames, how the social values and sales models of grand magazines appear as “cathedrals of modern consumption”, creating, at once, a world of business and magic.

Cybergouvernement à Fès, au Maroc | IDRC - International ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

), la prestation de services électroniques a été déployée avec succès au bureau d'état civil de l'arrondissement d'Agdal. Durant la présente phase, le projet prendra de l'ampleur puisqu'il inclura le reste des bureaux d'état civil de la ville de ...

Getting started with nopCommerce

CERN Document Server

Atkinson, Brandon

2013-01-01

A friendly, tutorial style book, which will help you learn your way through creating a live storefront with nopCommerce in a step-by-step manner.Getting Started with nopCommerce is for anyone who wants to sell products online using nopCommerce. If you are a non-technical person and are discouraged by the complexity of this powerful e-commerce application, then this book is for you.

26 CFR 1.501(c)(6)-1 - Business leagues, chambers of commerce, real estate boards, and boards of trade.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 7 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Business leagues, chambers of commerce, real... Organizations § 1.501(c)(6)-1 Business leagues, chambers of commerce, real estate boards, and boards of trade. A... on for profit. It is an organization of the same general class as a chamber of commerce or board of...

Regulating e-commerce using XML

OpenAIRE

Spiteri, Kenneth J.; 2nd Computer Science Annual Workshop (CSAW’04)

2004-01-01

E-commerce, which is short for ‘Electronic Commerce’, is simply the idea of replacing physical business transactions with electronic business transactions using the Internet. E-commerce cuts through boundaries such as time and geography to put business owners and customers into virtual contact with one another. A key idea behind E-commerce is the ability to take orders and receive payments through an electronic storefront. Philosophically, E-commerce is about openness, connectivity, and integ...

Secure E-Commerce Protocol

OpenAIRE

Khalid Haseeb, Muhammad Arshad, Shoukat Ali, Shazia Yasin

2011-01-01

E-commerce has presented a new way of doing business all over the world using internet.Organizations have changed their way of doing business from a traditional approach to embrace ecommerceprocesses. As individuals and businesses increase information sharing, a concernregarding the exchange of money securely and conveniently over the internet increases. Therefore,security is a necessity in an e-commerce transaction. The purpose of this paper is to present atoken based Secure E-commerce Proto...

E-Commerce: How Can Businesses Benefit From E-Commerce?

OpenAIRE

Amca, Hasan; Jönsson, Anders

2005-01-01

E-business in general and e-commerce in particular is changing the way people do business and sell their product and services to the entire world without the need of physically existing around the globe. As enterprises exploit business opportunities via the Internet, they have discovered that not only they need a reliable and scalable IT infrastructure to support their online business, but also they must have the capability to deploy new online applications rapidly and integrate e-commerce to...

E-commerce and the energy industry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Davis, C.; Biedenharn, J.

2000-01-01

The impact of e-commerce on the future of the energy industry is examined, and the size and scope of business-to-business e-commerce activities are explored. Identification of e-commerce needs in relation to sales and purchasing requirements, and the selection of the e-commerce course and considerations to be taken into account in introducing e-commerce into a business are discussed

E-commerce and the energy industry

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Davis, C.; Biedenharn, J. [Global Energy Assets, Inc. (United States)

2000-01-01

The impact of e-commerce on the future of the energy industry is examined, and the size and scope of business-to-business e-commerce activities are explored. Identification of e-commerce needs in relation to sales and purchasing requirements, and the selection of the e-commerce course and considerations to be taken into account in introducing e-commerce into a business are discussed.

Commerce et navigation dans l'Amérique Espagnole Coloniale: le port de Paita et le Pacifique au XVIIIème siècle

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

1993-01-01

Full Text Available À partir de sources fiscales - les registres de l’Almojarifazgo - cet article tente de retracer l’évolution du commerce maritime du port de Paita sur la côte nord du Pérou au 18ème siècle. Si les navires qui relâchent à Paita étaient en provenance ou à destination de la plupart des ports du Pacifique Sud, d’Acapulco à Pisco, la quasi totalité du trafic exprimé en valeur s’effectuait avec les trois ports du Panamá, de Guayaquil et du Callao. L’importation d’esclaves et l’exportation de l’écorce de quinine sont au cours de cette période les poids lourds du commerce par voie de mer. En appréciant la diversité et les quantités de marchandises exportées par Paita, cette étude essaye aussi d’évaluer la production d’un espace régional - le Corregimiento de Piura - pour lequel il n’existe à cette époque aucune autre source quantitative. COMERCIO Y NAVEGACIÓN EN LA AMÉRICA LATINA COLONIAL: EL PUERTO DE PAITA, PIURA Y EL PACÍFICO EN EL SIGLO 18. Basándose en los manuales de Almojarifazgos, este trabajo intenta seguir la evolución del tráfico marítimo a partir del puerto de Paita (norte del Perú en el siglo 18. Aunque los navíos que hacían escala en Paita tenían como origen y destino muchos puertos del Pacífico español, desde Acapulco hasta Pisco, la casi totalidad de los movimientos en valor se realizaba en los puertos de Panamá, Guayaquil y Callao. Durante este período, el movimiento comercial consistirá principalmente en la importación de esclavos y la exportación de quinina (cascarilla. A través del examen de las listas de embarque y de un intento de medir el volumen de las mercancías exportadas por Paita, el artículo se propone además evaluar la producción de una región del Perú colonial, el corregimiento de Piura, en una época para la cual no se encontraron otras fuentes cuantitativas. TRADE AND SHIPPING IN SPANISH COLONIAL AMERICA: THE PORT OF PAITA AND THE PACIFIC IN THE EIGHTEENTH

15 CFR 19.19 - Will Commerce entities issue a refund if money is erroneously collected on a Commerce debt?

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Will Commerce entities issue a refund if money is erroneously collected on a Commerce debt? 19.19 Section 19.19 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce COMMERCE DEBT COLLECTION Procedures To Collect Commerce Debts § 19.19...

Security of M-Commerce transactions

OpenAIRE

Ion IVAN; Daniel MILODIN; Alin ZAMFIROIU

2013-01-01

In this material electronic market are defined. How they are structured. Security in E-Commerce applications is very important both at the administrative level and from the user perspective. The new trend in the field is the M-commerce that involves making purchases through mobile devices. And for M-commerce transactions the security is a very important thing. Here’s how to analyze the security of M-commerce transactions and ways to increase security for these transactions taki...

29 CFR 779.237 - Enterprise engaged in commerce or in the production of goods for commerce.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Enterprise engaged in commerce or in the production of goods for commerce. 779.237 Section 779.237 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND... commerce or in the production of goods for commerce. Under section 3(s) the “enterprise” to be covered must...

29 CFR 779.22 - Enterprise engaged in commerce or in the production of goods for commerce.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Enterprise engaged in commerce or in the production of goods for commerce. 779.22 Section 779.22 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND HOUR... Definitions § 779.22 Enterprise engaged in commerce or in the production of goods for commerce. The portions...

An eCommerce Development Case: Your Company's eCommerce Web Site

Science.gov (United States)

Ballenger, Robert M.

2007-01-01

This case provides a real-world semester long project-oriented case study for students enrolled in an electronic commerce course that has a significant development component. The case provides the technical framework in the form of functional requirements for students to design and build a fully functional transaction processing e-commerce Web…

B2C E-COMMERCE WEBSITE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Savulea Dorel

2009-05-01

Full Text Available The World Wide Web represents a new frontier towards a global industry, leading the way for new businesses. Commerce now deals with a whole different concept: electronic commerce (e-commerce. This kind of commerce provides new means for a large variety o

TANTANGAN DAN PELUANG E-COMMERCE SEBAGAI BASIS BISNIS GLOBAL DI INDONESIA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sumijan Sumijan

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Multimedia computers today have become a necessity, either by businesses or other community groups. Information is not enough just through text and graphics alone, but the information includes text, graphics, animated images, video and audio. Multimedia computer applications that are widely used today is e-commerce, e-commerce where the buying or selling activity conducted electronically on the Internet. E-commerce can also be more specific means of advertising, sales, delivery and service to take advantage of a web show 24 hours a day for all customers. E-commerce is a fraction of the facilities provided in the wilds Internet (cyber space. However, its existence is vital to boost the business of a company that wants to go-International. E-commerce is a combination of technology, apllications, proceses and strategic bussinees. Object of this study discusses the success factors (opportunities and failures (challenges in e-commerce menerepkan especially in Indonesia and this study also discusses the application of e-commerce as a bridge to cyber trade transactions between the consumer and the merchant bank, a payment server that will authorize a credit card or debit card online. Data taken from the successes and failures of previous studies beberpa survey were analyzed and presented in this study. Based on the results of this study found that the role of government to impose regulations to create a market trend and pioneering e-commerce, especially in the improvement of the trading system. To boost interest in e-commerce is not independent of consciousness, beliefs, customs and culture of a society of Indonesia. Cultures in Indonesia who still believe in the traditional trades of the e-commerce. However, e-commerce will still be needed in the face of the global market. To petrify the small and medium industries (SMEs in creating a market trend of digital government intervention is needed in creating a framework in a comprehensive system such as

Le commerce des reptiles au Benin | Toudonou | Journal de la ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

In the European, Asian and American countries, they are rather required at ends zoophiles, terrariophiles and leather workings. The demand for these animals is thus very keen. To satisfy this double (local and international) and keen demand of reptiles species, two important networks of marketing are developed and ...

Riz des femmes, riz des hommes au Guidimaka (Mauritanie)

OpenAIRE

Blanchard de La Brosse, Véronique

2003-01-01

À l'époque précoloniale et jusque dans la première moitié du XXe siècle, les femmes soninké ont participé activement au commerce interrégional. Aujourd'hui, n'ayant pas comme les hommes la possibilité du recours à l'émigration, elles sont les principales victimes du déclin et du repli sur soi de l'économie villageoise. Elles continuent cependant d'assumer, sur leur propre production, des obligations qui conditionnent leur statut dans la société. Ce sont les femmes, en particulier, qui ...

KEAMANAN DALAM ELECTRONIC COMMERCE

OpenAIRE

Andre M. R. Wajong; Carolina Rizki Putri

2010-01-01

The objective of this paper is to give information and understanding about security threat that could happen in security system in e-commerce. The approach used is how the transaction system is, how the security is applied, and also the possible security threat in e-commerce. The result of this research is that there are still gaps in e-commerce. It is hoped that the business actors will be more realized about the security importance and more aware about the possible threat. 

Designing Systems for E-Commerce

OpenAIRE

Shona Leitch; Matthew Warren

2003-01-01

Ethics is an important element in all aspects of computing, but proves to be a real problem in the development and delivery of E-Commerce systems. There are many aspects of ethics that can affect E-Commerce systems, but often research is focused on the ethics after the E-Commerce system has been implemented, focusing on issues such as trust, privacy and disclosure. This paper will discuss how ethical matters can affect the design of E-Commerce systems and how a framework designed for E-Com...

India | Page 65 | IDRC - International Development Research Centre

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Read more about Strengthening Livelihood Security and Adapting to Climate Uncertainty in Chilika Lagoon, India. Language English. Read more about Intégration des ... Language French. Read more about Autonomisation de regroupements de producteurs marginalisés grâce au commerce équitable. Language French.

15 CFR 19.13 - How will Commerce entities use administrative wage garnishment to collect a Commerce debt from a...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false How will Commerce entities use administrative wage garnishment to collect a Commerce debt from a debtor's wages? 19.13 Section 19.13 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce COMMERCE DEBT COLLECTION Procedures To Collect...

An Architecture for Information Commerce Systems

OpenAIRE

Hauswirth, Manfred; Jazayeri, Mehdi; Miklós, Zoltan; Podnar, Ivana; Di Nitto, Elisabetta; Wombacher, Andreas

2001-01-01

The increasing use of the Internet in business and commerce has created a number of new business opportunities and the need for supporting models and platforms. One of these opportunities is information commerce (i-commerce), a special case of ecommerce focused on the purchase and sale of information as a commodity. In this paper we present an architecture for i-commerce systems using OPELIX (Open Personalized Electronic Information Commerce System) [11] as an example. OPELIX provides an open...

Cancer cell uptake behavior of Au nanoring and its localized surface plasmon resonance induced cell inactivation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chu, Che-Kuan; Tu, Yi-Chou; Chang, Yu-Wei; Chu, Chih-Ken; Chen, Shih-Yang; Chi, Ting-Ta; Kiang, Yean-Woei; Yang, Chih-Chung

2015-01-01

Au nanorings (NRIs), which have the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) wavelength around 1058 nm, either with or without linked antibodies, are applied to SAS oral cancer cells for cell inactivation through the LSPR-induced photothermal effect when they are illuminated by a laser of 1065 nm in wavelength. Different incubation times of cells with Au NRIs are considered for observing the variations of cell uptake efficiency of Au NRI and the threshold laser intensity for cell inactivation. In each case of incubation time, the cell sample is washed for evaluating the total Au NRI number per cell adsorbed and internalized by the cells based on inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry measurement. Also, the Au NRIs remaining on cell membrane are etched with KI/I 2 solution to evaluate the internalized Au NRI number per cell. The threshold laser intensities for cell inactivation before washout, after washout, and after KI/I 2 etching are calibrated from the circular area sizes of inactivated cells around the illuminated laser spot center with various laser power levels. By using Au NRIs with antibodies, the internalized Au NRI number per cell increases monotonically with incubation time up to 24 h. However, the number of Au NRI remaining on cell membrane reaches a maximum at 12 h in incubation time. The cell uptake behavior of an Au NRI without antibodies is similar to that with antibodies except that the uptake NRI number is significantly smaller and the incubation time for the maximum NRI number remaining on cell membrane is delayed to 20 h. By comparing the threshold laser intensities before and after KI/I 2 etching, it is found that the Au NRIs remaining on cell membrane cause more effective cancer cell inactivation, when compared with the internalized Au NRIs. (paper)

Keamanan Dalam Electronic Commerce

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andre Michael Ricky Wajong

2010-12-01

Full Text Available The objective of this paper is to give information and understanding about security threat that could happen in security system in e-commerce. The approach used is how the transaction system is, how the security is applied, and also the possible security threat in e-commerce. The result of this research is that there are still gaps in e-commerce. It is hoped that the business actors will be more realized about the security importance and more aware about the possible threat. 

e-commerce in the electricity supply industry: legal setting and selected legal issues arising in doing one's business via the Web; E-Commerce in der Elektrizitaetzwirtschaft: rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen und ausgewaehlte Rechtsprobleme bei der Nutzung des Internets

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Genten, A.; Rosin, P. [RWE Plus AG, Essen (DE). Privat Kundenmanagement (Recht)

2001-07-01

It is expected that e-commerce will be increasingly applied in business relations of the international electricity supply industry. This is why the contribution here sets out the legal provisions effective within the European Union as well as in Germany. Examples are given to illustrate specific aspects. (orig./CB) [German] Es wird erwartet, dass auch in der Elektrizitaetswirtschaft E-Commerce immer groessere Aufmerksamkeit findet. Demzufolge ist auch fuer die Elektrizitaetswirtschaft eine Auseinandersetzung mit den rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen und den Rechtsproblemen bei der Nutzung des Internets von Interesse. Die Abhandlung erlaeutert den Europaeischen Rechtsrahmen fuer E-Commerce und den nationalen Rechtsrahmen fuer E-Commerce. (orig./CB)

The electronic-commerce-oriented virtual merchandise model

Science.gov (United States)

Fang, Xiaocui; Lu, Dongming

2004-03-01

Electronic commerce has been the trend of commerce activities. Providing with Virtual Reality interface, electronic commerce has better expressing capacity and interaction means. But most of the applications of virtual reality technology in EC, 3D model is only the appearance description of merchandises. There is almost no information concerned with commerce information and interaction information. This resulted in disjunction of virtual model and commerce information. So we present Electronic Commerce oriented Virtual Merchandise Model (ECVMM), which combined a model with commerce information, interaction information and figure information of virtual merchandise. ECVMM with abundant information provides better support to information obtainment and communication in electronic commerce.

Pengaruh Faktor Psikologi Konsumen dan Online Store Environment Terhadap Purchase intention Pada E-commerce Model Bisnis C2C

OpenAIRE

Samiono, Bambang Eko

2018-01-01

The existence of the internet has put e-commerce on the concept of one stop shopping. Online trends provide a variety of ease in accessing and running a business with e-commerce. E-commerce C2C model is one of the most vibrant business models in e-commerce. Here business owner are required to be sensitive to the factors that affect consumers to purchase intention on online store. This study examines the influence of internal factors of the Online Store Environment (web quality and web brand) ...

Combining the Benefits of Traditional Commerce and E-Commerce with M-Commerce benefits in the Retail Industry

OpenAIRE

Corbitso, Kenneth; Ash, Thomas; Pisone, Neil

2011-01-01

The convergence of traditional and electronic commerce practices is being driven by the need for businesses to keep up with the ever increasing competition of online retailing. This thesis aims to examine and analyze the possible benefits that may arise via the use and development of rapidly evolving mobile technology, through analyzing the benefits of each of the forms of commerce during outlined stages of retail process, in order to evaluate to what extend the benefits can be combined. The ...

BORDERLESS EDUCATIONAL PRACTICES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMMERCE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

James O. BARBRE III

2010-07-01

Full Text Available Commerce transcends the boundaries of nations. With so many people involved, a common approach and articulation is necessary to advance the interests of commerce for everyone involved. This paper addresses online MBA (Master of Business Administration degrees and the nature of its presence alongside the more traditional face-to-face MBA program. While the MBA was not originally a global phenomenon, the development of so many online programs has made it one. Through this analysis, the MBA is first situated historically with subsequent challenges that have encouraged and/or forced it to go undergo changes in its structure over the last several decades. The approach to this analysis utilizes the lens of neo-realistic principles for organizational effectiveness at the international level. The conclusion(s argue that both types of formal education form a symbiotic relationship as higher education’s end goal is to better inform the workings of the business environment in ways that are consistent and stable across national borders and across the globe. The framework of operation in commerce requires training that is situated within the culture from which that training occurs, but also requires that, in order for more seamless business relationship to develop; this form of education is not strictly located within that same cultural framework. The creation and propagation of commerce requires that both forms of education be employed in complimentary ways. The final result is not the program(s itself, but the business practices they are designed to enhance.

Planning and management of E-commerce Website : Guide for startup B2C E-commerce companies

OpenAIRE

Wang, Ying

2016-01-01

The purpose of this thesis is to help startup B2C E-commerce companies to plan and manage e-commerce website. This thesis is intended to equip current and future e-commerce managers or entrepreneurs with some basic knowledge and practical skills to help them navigate their organisations towards e-business. It does not have any specific commissioner. Thesis will contain most aspects when plan and manage e-commerce website for startups.

The Impact of E-Commerce and GDP on the Revenue of “One”

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rezarta Zhaku - Hani

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Thanks to e-commerce it has never been easier to conduct business throughout the world and it has never been timelier enriching international customers. E-commerce is also an incurable tool for new businesses as it allows them to rapidly broaden their customers, interact with customers in businesses throughout the world, an inexpensive market and advertise the company worldwide. In the other hand the impact of GDP, positive or negative, is a very important one for the revenue of organizations within a country. Given the fact that e-commerce has become a very profitable way to conduct business and GDP is another important factor for organizations, we have decided through this paper to analyze their impact on the revenue of one of the biggest mobile operators in Macedonia called “ONE”. At the end of the research we will be able to show whether investing in e-commerce has been profitable for the Macedonian mobile operator “ONE”.

26 CFR 31.3306(n)-1 - Services on American vessel whose business is conducted by general agent of Secretary of Commerce.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... conducted by general agent of Secretary of Commerce. 31.3306(n)-1 Section 31.3306(n)-1 Internal Revenue... conducted by general agent of Secretary of Commerce. (a) Section 3306(n) and this section of the regulations... by a general agent of the Secretary of Commerce. Whether services performed by such an officer or...

77 FR 29747 - Orbit E-Commerce, Inc., Orion Ethanol, Inc., Pacificnet, Inc., PainCare Holdings, Inc., Pay88...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-05-18

... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION [File No. 500-1] Orbit E-Commerce, Inc., Orion Ethanol, Inc., Pacificnet, Inc., PainCare Holdings, Inc., Pay88, Inc., Rahaxi, Inc., and Raven Biofuels International Corp... there is a lack of current and accurate information concerning the securities of Orbit E-Commerce, Inc...

E-Commerce: easy access, easy business

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pappel, A. [Union Gas Ltd., Chatham, ON (Canada)

1999-07-01

A series of overhead viewgraphs accompanied this workshop presentation which dealt with the increased use of E-Commerce in the energy industries. E-Commerce refers to the use of any kind of electronic communication, including Internet, Intranet and Extranet. E-Commerce offers real-time access and real-time solutions to energy marketers. This paper discussed growth trends and the driving force behind E-Commerce. Market and regulatory changes such as unbundling and business transformation are some of the factors responsible for the increased used of E-Commerce. This workshop also described some of the intricacies of the Union Gas web site.

Beginning Django E-Commerce

CERN Document Server

McGaw, James

2009-01-01

Beginning Django E-Commerce guides you through producing an e-commerce site using Django, the most popular Python web development framework. Topics covered include how to make a shopping cart, a checkout, and a payment processor; how to make the most of Ajax; and search engine optimization best practices. Throughout the book, you'll take each topic and apply it to build a single example site, and all the while you'll learn the theory behind what you're architecting. * Build a fully functional e-commerce site. * Learn to architect your site properly to survive in an increasingly competitive onl

E-Commerce in the Asian Context : Selected Case Studies | CRDI ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Le commerce électronique en Asie retient beaucoup l'attention en raison de la prolifération des connexions Internet et des technologies connexes dans la région. Face à cette tendance, le Centre de recherches pour le développement international (CRDI) a commandé quatre études sur les divers aspects économiques, ...

29 CFR 779.239 - Meaning of “engaged in commerce or in the production of goods for commerce.”

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Meaning of âengaged in commerce or in the production of goods for commerce.â 779.239 Section 779.239 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND... commerce or in the production of goods for commerce.” The term “engaged in commerce or in the production of...

Ports et commerce maritime dans l’Arabie du Sud préislamique Ports & Maritime Trade in Pre-Islamic Southern Arabia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jérémie Schiettecatte

2008-04-01

Full Text Available L’Arabie du Sud, au début de l’ère chrétienne, connaît des changements significatifs. Parmi ceux-ci, le développement du commerce maritime au détriment de l’ancienne voie caravanière. Ce changement est souvent décrit comme brusque et débouchant sur une situation pérenne durant les siècles suivants.Nous avons choisi de reprendre ce dossier en réunissant, dans un premier temps, l’ensemble des données épigraphiques et historiques relatives aux ports préislamiques de la mer Rouge et du golfe d’Aden depuis leur fondation jusqu’au viie siècle. Ces synthèses nous permettent de décrire, dans un second temps, l’évolution de l’économie maritime au cours des premiers siècles de l’ère chrétienne, la nature des espaces d’échanges et le rôle du pouvoir politique dans le contrôle de cette nouvelle économie.Ceci nous amène à conclure que le commerce maritime ne se développe pas aussi brusquement qu’il n’y paraît : la mise en place des réseaux et des ports majeurs s’étale sur plusieurs siècles. Ce commerce ne fut le moteur économique des royaumes sudarabiques qu’au cours d’une période limitée, du milieu du ier siècle au début du iiie siècle. Les ports connurent ensuite une activité irrégulière, conditionnée par l’évolution politique et économique des royaumes sudarabiques, des pays voisins et du bassin méditerranéen.By the dawn of the Christian era, Southern Arabia is undergoing major changes; among these, the expansion of maritime trade at the expense of the old caravan route.  This change is often described as something sudden, leading to a more perennial situation the ensuing centuries.We have chosen to take a new look at this case by first gathering all the epigraphic and historic data having to do with pre-Islamic ports in the Red Sea and the Aden Gulf, from when they were first founded 'till the 7th century.  This global outline then has then allowed us to describe the

15 CFR 19.6 - When will Commerce entities allow a debtor to pay a Commerce debt in installments instead of one...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false When will Commerce entities allow a debtor to pay a Commerce debt in installments instead of one lump sum? 19.6 Section 19.6 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce COMMERCE DEBT COLLECTION Procedures To Collect Commerce...

Nutzung und Akzeptanz von E-Commerce

OpenAIRE

Schenk, Michael; Wolf, Malthe

2001-01-01

Even with the so-called New Markets facing a world-wide break-down and the euphoria around electronic commerce subsequently cooling down market forecasts still predict a great future for electronic commerce. Influenced by electronic communication technologies, business transactions change rapidly. Although business-to-consumer e-commerce is expected to become a successful sales and communication channel world-wide, e-commerce was not accepted by broad consumer groups the way it was hoped for....

ÉTUDE DE CAS – Kenya : Paludisme et agriculture au Kenya ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

11 janv. 2011 ... ... au Kenya, des chercheurs du Centre international de recherche sur la .... Les membres de l'équipe ont amorcé leur collaboration par la définition des ... Mutero est, à bon droit, chargé de la coordination de SIMA, qui loge au ...

A language for information commerce processes

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Aberer, Karl; Wombacher, Andreas

Automatizing information commerce requires languages to represent the typical information commerce processes. Existing languages and standards cover either only very specific types of business models or are too general to capture in a concise way the specific properties of information commerce

La migration féminine au Mali

OpenAIRE

KEITA, Modibo

2011-01-01

Euro-Mediterranean Consortium for Applied Research on International Migration (CARIM) Les données et les recherches au sujet de la migration féminine au Mali sont rares. Cet article, qui privilégie une approche qualitative, suggère d’approfondir la question de la relation entre migration féminine et promotion de la femme, autrement dit la connaissance des conséquences de la migration féminine aux plans individuel, social, économique et culturel. Cette question renvoie, plus largement, à la...

15 CFR 738.3 - Commerce Country Chart structure.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Commerce Country Chart structure. 738.3 Section 738.3 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade... COMMERCE CONTROL LIST OVERVIEW AND THE COUNTRY CHART § 738.3 Commerce Country Chart structure. (a) Scope...

Cluster-to-cluster transformation among Au6, Au8 and Au11 nanoclusters.

Science.gov (United States)

Ren, Xiuqing; Fu, Junhong; Lin, Xinzhang; Fu, Xuemei; Yan, Jinghui; Wu, Ren'an; Liu, Chao; Huang, Jiahui

2018-05-22

We present the cluster-to-cluster transformations among three gold nanoclusters, [Au6(dppp)4]2+ (Au6), [Au8(dppp)4Cl2]2+ (Au8) and [Au11(dppp)5]3+ (Au11). The conversion process follows a rule that states that the transformation of a small cluster to a large cluster is achieved through an oxidation process with an oxidizing agent (H2O2) or with heating, while the conversion of a large cluster to a small one occurs through a reduction process with a reducing agent (NaBH4). All the reactions were monitored using UV-Vis spectroscopy and ESI-MS. This work may provide an alternative approach to the synthesis of novel gold nanoclusters and a further understanding of the structural transformation relationship of gold nanoclusters.

Department of Commerce Semiannual Regulatory Agenda

Science.gov (United States)

2010-12-20

... the Assistant General Counsel for Legislation and Regulation, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington... Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Building 1, 7600 Sand Point Way NE., Seattle, WA... Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 7600 Sand Point Way NE., Seattle, WA 98115 Phone...

Researches on the Intellectual Property Right of Electronic Commerce%电子商务的知识产权研究

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

巢乃鹏

2000-01-01

As a revolutionary new situation of international trade,the rise of global Electronic Commerce makes a strong impact on the current intellectual property right system,and also poses some new problems.Whether we can successfully solve these problems shall directly influence the development of Electronic Commerce.This paper,from the angle of intellectual property right,inquires into some hot topics about intellectual property right involved with Electronic Commerce.

The State Regulation and Accounting and Analytical Support of the Development of E-Commerce in the Consumer Sector

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Koval Viktor V

2016-08-01

Full Text Available The aim of the article is to study the theoretical and methodological principles of the state regulation and accounting and analytical support of the development of e-commerce in the consumer sector. The peculiarities of the state regulation and accounting and analytical support of the development of e-commerce in the consumer sector have been considered. The international and domestic experience in the field of regulatory support of e-commerce is studied. There systematized the ways of solving the problems of e-commerce in Ukraine based on the need to minimize the direct regulation with the perfection of the institutional environment to improve business conditions including the issues of the fiscal regime and simplification of the customs tariff regulation. The state regulation of e-commerce should constructively contribute to the development of entrepreneurship among other measures by solving the problem of financial control of electronic transactions and supporting the payment infrastructure of e-commerce in the consumer market on the basis of its corresponding accounting and analytical support. Prospects of further research in this direction are definition of a clear and harmonized with international standards state policy in the sphere of regulation of e-commerce in the consumer market on the basis of the relevant accounting and analytical support, since the appearance of new objects and forms of economic activity sets new tasks for the accounting, which develops in parallel with these changes and generates information for managing at both the micro and macro level.

Social Commerce Design: A Framework and Application

OpenAIRE

Han, Hui; Trimi, Silvana

2017-01-01

Abstract: Social commerce is a new business model of e-commerce, which utilizes of Web 2.0 technologies and social media to support social-related exchange activities. While its popularity, being a subset of e-commerce, has been increasing tremendously since its introduction in 2005, there exists a general paucity of research on its framework and its applications’ effectiveness, especially in areas beyond the common social commerce practices. This study develops a comprehensive social commerc...

E-commerce sebagai Pendukung Pemasaran Perusahaan

OpenAIRE

Medah, Melgiana

2009-01-01

E- commerce as a manufacturing marketing support. E-commerce very support in raise, development for manufacturing. E-commerce will give a proper to management in a labor to do of process. Between labor, e-commerce is very support marketing in manufacturing to get income, because it can change of service. A time ago the consumer came and bought at a manufacturing but now the consumer canon line every time, everywhere they can make a transaction.Consumer can see the all activities and produc...

Analysis of Chinese e-commerce development

OpenAIRE

Xiong, Mengti

2010-01-01

Electronic commerce as a new field of application of internet technology was started in North America 1994. The developing speed of e-commerce has proved to be successful in the commercial world. Moreover, Chinese e-commerce as late comer also has shown its great potential in all the IT related-industries. This thesis focuses on the development of the Chinese e-commerce over recent years. The data for conducting the thesis are collected from the primary sources like company reports, newsp...

An Architecture for Information Commerce Systems

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Hauswirth, Manfred; Jazayeri, Mehdi; Miklós, Zoltan; Podnar, Ivana; Di Nitto, Elisabetta; Wombacher, Andreas

The increasing use of the Internet in business and commerce has created a number of new business opportunities and the need for supporting models and platforms. One of these opportunities is information commerce (i-commerce), a special case of ecommerce focused on the purchase and sale of

E-commerce in the energy sector

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sioshansi, F.P. [Menlo Energy Economics (MEE), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

2000-09-18

E-commerce and e-business are now part of the lexicon of modern business everywhere. The energy industry is no exception, although it is somewhat of a latecomer to the field, trailing a number of others. This article, which is based on a multi-client study titled 'E-commerce in the Energy Sector', is focused on the business applications of e-commerce in the energy sector, broadly defined to include oil, electricity, and natural gas industries. The study was conducted by Menlo Energy Economics (MEE) in collaboration with Global Business Network (GBN). (orig.) [German] E-commerce und E-business gehoeren heute im Geschaeftsleben zum guten Ton. Obwohl ein Nachzuegler auf diesem Gebiet, macht die Energiewirtschaft hier keine Ausnahme. Der Artikel, der auf einer von Menlo Energy Economics (MEE) und Global Business Network (GBN) durchgefuehrten Studie zum Thema 'E-commerce im Energie-Sektor' beruht, beschreibt die Anwendungsmoeglichkeiten fuer E-commerce im Energie-Sektor worunter hier Oel-, Elektrizitaets- und Erdgaswirtschaft zu verstehen sind. (orig.)

15 CFR 19.4 - What notice will Commerce entities send to a debtor when collecting a Commerce debt?

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... the Commerce entity intends to garnish the debtor's private sector (i.e., non-Federal) wages (see § 19.... 3201(e); 31 U.S.C. 3720B, 31 CFR 285.13, and § 19.17(a) of this Part); (16) If applicable, the Commerce... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false What notice will Commerce entities...

29 CFR 401.3 - Industry affecting commerce.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Industry affecting commerce. 401.3 Section 401.3 Labor... STANDARDS MEANING OF TERMS USED IN THIS SUBCHAPTER § 401.3 Industry affecting commerce. Industry affecting commerce means any activity, business, or industry in commerce or in which a labor dispute would hinder or...

Model Kepercayaan Konsumen pada Situs E-Commerce

OpenAIRE

Purbasari, Wika

2017-01-01

The world trading system has now grown to online commerce (electronic commerce) because a lot of people who buy goods through e-commerce. This can be evidenced by a study Consumer Web Watch reported that 86% of Internet users have switched make purchases traditional to online purchases, because that's important to know what factors are forming a model of consumer confidence in e-commerce, then it is necessary a prediction to determine any factors that shape consumer confidence in e-commerce. ...

Consumer protection in electronic commerce

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nicoleta Andreea NEACŞU

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Electronic commerce is one of the most important aspects of the Internet and allows people to buy instant. Fast and easy development of e-commerce has led to the necessity of consumer protection in cyberspace, where trade takes place, so as to ensure consumer safety and security matters. This article examines e-commerce in terms of consumer protection and data security, which concerns equally all stakeholders in the electronic market: buyers, sellers, banks, courier cargo and other participants.

Data extraction in e-commerce

OpenAIRE

Martins, Daniel Jorge Ribeiro Nunes

2016-01-01

Dissertação de mestrado, Engenharia Eléctrica e Electrónica, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Universidade do Algarve, 2016 Eletronic commerce, know as e-commerce, is a system that consists in buying and selling produtcs/services over the internet. The internet is used by millions of people, making the management of the available information (e.g. competitor analysis market) a very difficult task for those operationg an e-commerce business. So that the managers can better posi...

n vivo retention of ingested Au NPs by Daphnia magna: No evidence for trans-epithelial alimentary uptake

Science.gov (United States)

Khan, Farhan R.; Kennaway, Gabrielle M.; Croteau, Marie-Noële; Dybowska, Agnieszka; Smith, Brian D.; Nogueira, António J.A.; Rainbow, Philip S.; Luoma, Samuel N.; Valsami-Jones, Eugenia

2014-01-01

In vivo studies with Daphnia magna remain inconclusive as to whether engineered nanoparticles (NPs) are internalized into tissues after ingestion. Here we used a three-pronged approach to study the in vivo retention and efflux kinetics of 20 nm citrate stabilized Au NPs ingested by this key aquatic species. Daphnids were exposed to suspended particles (600 μg L−1) for 5 h after which they were depurated for 24 h in clean water containing algae. Light microscopy was used to follow the passage of Au NPs through the gastrointestinal tract, Au body burdens were determined by ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to examine the presence and distribution of Au NPs in tissues. Results revealed that the elimination of Au NPs was bi-phasic. The fast elimination phase lasted −1 (±SE) which accounted for ∼75% of the ingested Au. The remaining ∼25% of the ingested Au NPs was eliminated at a 100-fold slower rate. TEM analysis revealed that Au NPs in the midgut were in close proximity to the peritrophic membrane after 1 and 24 h of depuration. There were no observations of Au NP uptake at the microvilli. Thus, although Au NPs were retained in the gut lumen, there was no observable internalization into the gut epithelial cells. Similar to carbon nanotubes and CuO NPs, our findings indicate that in daphnids the in vivo retention of Au NPs does not necessarily result in their internalization.

75 FR 14496 - Commerce Acquisition Regulation (CAR); Correction

Science.gov (United States)

2010-03-26

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 48 CFR Part 1352 [Document Number: 080730954-0129-03] RIN 0605-AA26 Commerce Acquisition Regulation (CAR); Correction AGENCY: Department of Commerce (DOC). ACTION: Final rule; correction. SUMMARY: We, the Department of Commerce, issue a final rule to bring the Commerce Acquisition...

Nutzung und Akzeptanz von Electronic Commerce : E-Commerce und die Bürger

OpenAIRE

Schenk, Michael; Wolf, Malthe

2000-01-01

Marktprognosen bescheinigen dem elektronischen Handel eine große Zukunft. Business-Transaktionen verändern sich rapide unter dem Einfluss elektronischer Kommunikationstechnologien. Wenngleich auch erwartet wird, dass sich Business-to-Consumer E-Commerce weltweit als erfolgreicher Vertriebs- und Kommunikationskanal etablieren wird, stößt E-Commerce derzeit noch nicht auf die erhoffte Akzeptanz in breiten Konsumentenschichten. Dies hängt nicht zuletzt mit der Verbreitung des Internet zusammen, ...

E-Commerce Marketing State Competency Profile.

Science.gov (United States)

Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Tech Prep Curriculum Services.

This profile provides the curricular framework for Ohio Tech Prep programs in e-commerce marketing beginning in high school and continuing through the end of the associate degree. It includes a comprehensive set of e-commerce marketing competencies that reflect job opportunities and skills required for e-commerce marketing professionals today and…

Grocery E-commerce

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kornum, Niels; Bjerre, Mogens

Kornum and Mogens Bjerre bring key researchers together to investigate the factors contributing to the success of "Grocery e-commerce", particularly in countries that had the earliest and most extensive experiences in this field: the USA, the UK and Scandinavia. The authors argue that "Grocery e......-commerce" is especially difficult to implement because it differs from other types of consumer sales in numerous aspects including low profit margins, low value density of products and high frequency purchases. As well as examining these unique characteristics, the authors present research on consumer behaviour, cross...

16 CFR 240.6 - Interstate commerce.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

...(d) and 2(e) of the Act. (The commerce standard for sections 2 (d) and (e) is at least as inclusive... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Interstate commerce. 240.6 Section 240.6... ALLOWANCES AND OTHER MERCHANDISING PAYMENTS AND SERVICES § 240.6 Interstate commerce. The term interstate...

SISTEM E-COMMERCE PADA PT UNIBINDO PERTIWI

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rudy Rudy

2007-10-01

Full Text Available Article to designed e-Commerce system application based on analysis of the ordering and selling system.The used research methods were analysis and design system. This research tries to achieve an e-Commerce sitefacility that was able to be used by customer. Hopefully, the e-Commerce system functioned as service supportingsystem in a company, able to help the customer in making buying transaction more easily, there is online chatfacility , message and suggestion, also providing full information so it is easy to use and interesting.Keywords: e-Commerce, e-Commerce system

Patpong, entre sexe et commerce.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sébastien Roux

2010-03-01

Full Text Available Le tourisme dit « sexuel » est aujourd’hui décrié comme une forme de tourisme international immoral, un dysfonctionnement grave de la mondialisation appelant une réaction politique contre « l’exploitation sexuelle » dont seraient victimes des millions de femmes et d’enfants. Pourtant, derrière l’apparente évidence du « tourisme sexuel » comme expression de sens commun, rares sont les enquêtes qui explicitent la réalité concrète des échanges prostitutionnels. En adoptant une démarche ethnographique, l’article décrit le fonctionnement de Patpong, un quartier rouge de Bangkok dédié à une clientèle internationale. Par la description des offres disponibles, des revenus générés, des codes et des pratiques, la complexité de l’espace réapparaît. Il s’agit de donner à voir la réalité des échanges pour interroger l’articulation entre commerce et sexualité. L’analyse ethnographique du tourisme sexuel permet ainsi de souligner la diversité des pratiques et de rappeler que les formes les plus visibles — et les plus commentées — d’échanges prostitutionnels éclipsent trop souvent une pluralité d’expériences qui participe pourtant au succès de ces ruelles mondialement connues. So-called sex tourism is condemned as an immoral form of international tourism, a serious failure of globalization requiring political action against the “sexual exploitation” suffered by millions of women and children. Yet behind the common and seemingly evident understanding of “sexual tourism,” few studies have focused on the actual reality of such relations. Based on an ethnographic study, this article presents the structure of Patpong, a red-light district of Bangkok dedicated to international tourism. First, the article aims to briefly present the historical development of Patpong. This peculiar space is intrinsically linked to sex tourism, as these world-renowned streets expanded since the mid-60s to

Workflow Management in Electronic Commerce

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Grefen, P.W.P.J.; Spaccapietra, S.; March, S.T.; Kambayashi, Y.

In electronic commerce scenarios, effectiveness and efficiency of business process execution are of paramount importance for business success. Even more than in traditional commerce scenarios, they determine the chances of survival of organizations in fast moving, highly competitive electronic

2. E-Commerce System Architecture

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Home; Journals; Resonance – Journal of Science Education; Volume 5; Issue 11. Electronic Commerce - E-Commerce System Architecture. V Rajaraman. Series Article Volume 5 Issue 11 November 2000 pp 26-36. Fulltext. Click here to view fulltext PDF. Permanent link:

Electronic Commerce - Hürden, Entwicklungspotential, Konsequenzen : Ergebnisse aus der Electronic Commerce Enquete

OpenAIRE

Müller, Günter; Schoder, Detlef

1999-01-01

Vorhersagen zu Wachstum und Volumen elektronisch gestützten Geschäftsverkehrs zeichnen überwiegend ein sehr positives Zukunftsbild. In krassem Gegensatz dazu stehen Aussagen aus ex post-Analysen des Electronic Commerce zu „harten“ ökonomischen Variablen wie etwa Umsatz- oder Gewinnsteigerung, Kostensenkung und Erhöhung von Marktanteilen. In vielen Fällen bewahrheiten sich euphorische Voraussagen zum Erfolg von Electronic Commerce-Aktivitäten für Unternehmen nicht einmal annähernd. Verlustmeld...

Factors influencing e-commerce development in Serbia

OpenAIRE

Kalinić, Zoran; Ranković, Vladimir; Kalinić, Ljubina

2016-01-01

In this paper, an overview of current state of e-commerce development in Serbia is presented. Also, some important factors influencing e-commerce diffusion are discussed. The factors are divided into four groups: technical factors, which cover e- commerce telecommunication and logistics infrastructure; legal factors, i.e. necessary laws and regulations on e-commerce; economic factors, and psychological factors and local culture. The study showed very strong correlation between broadband inter...

Chiral magnetic effect search in p+Au, d+Au and Au+Au collisions at RHIC

Science.gov (United States)

Zhao, Jie

2018-01-01

Metastable domains of fluctuating topological charges can change the chirality of quarks and induce local parity violation in quantum chromodynamics. This can lead to observable charge separation along the direction of the strong magnetic field produced by spectator protons in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, a phenomenon called the chiral magnetic effect (CME). A major background source for CME measurements using the charge-dependent azimuthal correlator (Δϒ) is the intrinsic particle correlations (such as resonance decays) coupled with the azimuthal elliptical anisotropy (v2). In heavy-ion collisions, the magnetic field direction and event plane angle are correlated, thus the CME and the v2-induced background are entangled. In this report, we present two studies from STAR to shed further lights on the background issue. (1) The Δϒ should be all background in small system p+Au and d+Au collisions, because the event plane angles are dominated by geometry fluctuations uncorrelated to the magnetic field direction. However, significant Δϒ is observed, comparable to the peripheral Au+Au data, suggesting a background dominance in the latter, and likely also in the mid-central Au+Au collisions where the multiplicity and v2 scaled correlator is similar. (2) A new approach is devised to study Δϒ as a function of the particle pair invariant mass (minv) to identify the resonance backgrounds and hence to extract the possible CME signal. Signal is consistent with zero within uncertainties at high minv. Signal at low minv, extracted from a two-component model assuming smooth mass dependence, is consistent with zero within uncertainties.

On the Need to Include National Culture as a Central Issue in E-Commerce Trust Beliefs

OpenAIRE

David Gefen; Tsipi Heart Heart

2006-01-01

Trust and trust beliefs (trustworthiness) are key to e-commerce success but depend, to a large extent, on culture. With e-commerce being an international phenomenon, understanding the cross-cultural aspects of trust creation is therefore arguably required although mostly ignored by current research which deals almost exclusively with the U.S. This exploratory study examines whether definitions of trust beliefs as conceptualized and verified in the U.S. apply in Israel which differs markedly i...

Des liens constructifs au Costa Rica | CRDI - Centre de recherches ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

18 oct. 2017 ... Une femme sur un chantier de construction. Madelaine Artavia Sotela. Madelaine Artavia Sotela a lancé sa propre entreprise de construction, dont la croissance est en partie attribuable au programme de WEConnect International. Alanna Mitchell, Canadian Geographic. WEConnect International jumelle ...

How E-Commerce Affects The Trading System

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hussain Albinsaad

2015-08-01

Full Text Available Electronic commerce is a commercial activity through computer systems and networks. E-commerce is not limited to selling but extends to include business operations electronic data interchange and point of sale systems. Also the associated growth of e-commerce relies on the growth techniques and security of financial transactions. This paper will help to show how e-commerce impacted the trading system by indication to some of its benefits and limitations.

1. What is E-Commerce?

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Home; Journals; Resonance – Journal of Science Education; Volume 5; Issue 10. Electronic Commerce - What is E-Commerce? V Rajaraman. Series Article Volume 5 Issue 10 October 2000 pp 13-23 ... Author Affiliations. V Rajaraman1. IBM Professor of Information Technology, JNCASR, Bangalore 560 064, India.

Portalen Handelsplats Wermland — Practical E-commerce for Värmland's Businesses and Municipalities

Science.gov (United States)

Peterson, Ulrika Obstfelder; Borg, Ulf

Portalen Handelsplats Wermland (Portal Meetingpoint Wermland) offers a range of services designed by the Wermland Chamber of Commerce to permit the cost-effective exchange of electronic messages, including invoicing, ordering, certification and procurement. The portal meets the needs and expectations faced by businesses, both large and small, in the area of e-commerce. The portal also provides a way for businesses to share the cost of applications and equipment. As a result, they enjoy greater flexibility with their partners and more efficient internal procedures. Most importantly, the portal represents a local, impartial effort to strengthen Varmland's private sector and open up avenues that are beyond the financial means of individual businesses.

Enhancing Women's Economic Empowerment Through Better ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

8 juin 2017 ... Some argue that social protection programs can reinforce traditional women's ... Agent(e) responsable du CRDI ... Le ministre du Commerce international du Canada rencontre des chercheurs soutenus par le CRDI au Chili.

Term-driven E-Commerce

OpenAIRE

Rolletschek, Gerhard

2007-01-01

Die Arbeit nimmt sich der textuellen Dimension des E-Commerce an. Grundlegende Hypothese ist die textuelle Gebundenheit von Information und Transaktion im Bereich des elektronischen Handels. Überall dort, wo Produkte und Dienstleistungen angeboten, nachgefragt, wahrgenommen und bewertet werden, kommen natürlichsprachige Ausdrücke zum Einsatz. Daraus resultiert ist zum einen, wie bedeutsam es ist, die Varianz textueller Beschreibungen im E-Commerce zu erfassen, zum anderen können die umfangrei...

E-Commerce and Security Governance in Developing Countries

Science.gov (United States)

Sanayei, Ali.; Rajabion, Lila

Security is very often mentioned as one of the preconditions for the faster growth of e-commerce. Without a secure and reliable internet, customer will continue to be reluctant to provide confidential information online, such as credit card number. Moreover, organizations of all types and sizes around the world rely heavily on technologies of electronic commerce (e-commerce) for conducting their day-to-day business transaction. Providing organizations with a secure e-commerce environment is a major issue and challenging one especially in Middle Eastern countries. Without secure e-commerce, it is almost impossible to take advantage of the opportunities offered by e-commerce technologies. E-commerce can create opportunities for small entrepreneurs in Middle Eastern countries. This requires removing infrastructure blockages in telecommunications and logistics alongside the governance of e-commerce with policies on consumer protection, security of transactions, privacy of records and intellectual property. In this paper, we will explore the legal implications of e-commerce security governance by establishing who is responsible for ensuring compliance with this discipline, demonstrating the value to be derived from information security governance, the methodology of applying information security governance, and liability for non-compliance with this discipline. Our main focus will be on analyzing the importance and implication of e-commerce security governance in developing countries.

Consumer demand : e-commerce or traditional technologies

OpenAIRE

Burinskienė, Aurelija; Burinskas, Arūnas

2012-01-01

The application of e-commerce technologies is associated with more efficient purchasing system. The research combines both: the application of e-commerce technologies by consumers and economic efficiency of such application. The research is aimed to propose profile, which can be used to identify cases when it is worth enough to choose e-commerce technologies instead of traditional ones. The paper presents new cash-flow model, which can be applied to evaluate efficiency when e-commerce technol...

Cryptography Based E-Commerce Security: A Review

OpenAIRE

Shazia Yasin; Khalid Haseeb; Rashid Jalal Qureshi

2012-01-01

E-commerce is a powerful tool for business transformation that allows companies to enhance their supply-chain operation, reach new markets, and improve services for customers as well as for providers. Implementing the E-commerce applications that provide these benefits may be impossible without a coherent, consistent approach to E-commerce security. E-commerce has presented a new way of doing transactions all over the world using internet. Organizations have changed their way of doing busines...

THE DEVELOPMENT OF E-COMMERCE IN EUROPE

OpenAIRE

Xiao , Ziyan

2017-01-01

E-commerce provides an immediate global marketplace and business transactions, which can occur seamlessly and very quickly from opposite sides of the world. From a regional perspective, the European region has become the world's largest cross-border E-commerce market. This thesis introduced the current situation of the European E-commerce market and the situation of the E-commerce developed countries through a large number of statistical data. By a variety of data comparison, this paper analy...

75 FR 44759 - Department of Commerce Business Forum

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-29

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Department of Commerce Business Forum AGENCY: U.S. Department of Commerce... Commerce (DOC) is seeking vendors that currently conduct business with, or have previously conducted business with or hope to conduct business with DOC. Interested parties are asked to offer comments on the...

Research on JD e-commerce's delivery model

Science.gov (United States)

Fan, Zhiguo; Ma, Mengkun; Feng, Chaoying

2017-03-01

E-commerce enterprises represented by JD have made a great contribution to the economic growth and economic development of our country. Delivery, as an important part of logistics, has self-evident importance. By establishing efficient and perfect self-built logistics systems and building good cooperation models with third-party logistics enterprises, e-commerce enterprises have created their own logistics advantages. Characterized by multi-batch and small-batch, e-commerce is much more complicated than traditional transaction. It's not easy to decide which delivery model e-commerce enterprises should adopt. Having e-commerce's logistics delivery as the main research object, this essay aims to find a more suitable logistics delivery model for JD's development.

Problem and Prospects of E-Commerce

OpenAIRE

Alka Raghunath; Murli Dhar Panga

2013-01-01

E-commerce as anything that involves an online transaction. E-commerce provides multiple benefits to the consumers in form of availability of goods at lower cost, wider choice and saves time. The general category of ecommerce can be broken down into two parts: Emerchandise: E-finance. E commerce involves conducting business using modern communication instruments: telephone, fax, e-payment, money transfer systems, e-data interchange and the Internet. Online businesses like financial services, ...

Successful synthesis and thermal stability of immiscible metal Au-Rh, Au-Ir andAu-Ir-Rh nanoalloys

Science.gov (United States)

Shubin, Yury; Plyusnin, Pavel; Sharafutdinov, Marat; Makotchenko, Evgenia; Korenev, Sergey

2017-05-01

We successfully prepared face-centred cubic nanoalloys in systems of Au-Ir, Au-Rh and Au-Ir-Rh, with large bulk miscibility gaps, in one-run reactions under thermal decomposition of specially synthesised single-source precursors, namely, [AuEn2][Ir(NO2)6], [AuEn2][Ir(NO2)6] х [Rh(NO2)6]1-х and [AuEn2][Rh(NO2)6]. The precursors employed contain all desired metals ‘mixed’ at the atomic level, thus providing significant advantages for obtaining alloys. The observations using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy show that the nanoalloy structures are composed of well-dispersed aggregates of crystalline domains with a mean size of 5 ± 3 nm. Еnergy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and x-ray powder diffraction (XRD) measurements confirm the formation of AuIr, AuRh, AuIr0.75Rh0.25, AuIr0.50Rh0.50 and AuIr0.25Rh0.75 metastable solid solutions. In situ high-temperature synchrotron XRD (HTXRD) was used to study the formation mechanism of nanoalloys. The observed transformations are described by the ‘conversion chemistry’ mechanism characterised by the primary development of particles comprising atoms of only one type, followed by a chemical reaction resulting in the final formation of a nanoalloy. The obtained metastable nanoalloys exhibit essential thermal stability. Exposure to 180 °C for 30 h does not cause any dealloying process.

E Commerce : Pasar Maya Di Dunia Nyata

OpenAIRE

Dewi, Lydia Mutiara

2008-01-01

Internet has been a maior tool of communication in this globalized world since these two decades. This tool can be used for many purposes so that one can fulfill interests and necessities. One purpose that arises within this virtual world is E-Commerce. lf this one implements worldwide virtual commerce correctly, E-Commerce will provide benefits for its users, E-Merchant and E-Customer. Thus, one should understand how this electronic commerce works so that one does not suffer a financial loss...

Handbook on electronic commerce

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shaw, M. [Illinois Univ., Urbana, IL (United States). Beckman Inst. for Advanced Science and Technology; Blanning, R. [Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN (United States). Owen Graduate School of Management; Strader, T. [Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States). Management Information Systems; Whinston, A. [eds.] [Texas Univ., Austin, TX (United States). Dept. of Management Science and Information Systems

2000-07-01

The world is undergoing a revolution to a digital economy, with pronounced implications for corporate strategy, marketing, operations, information systems, customer services, global supply-chain management, and product distribution. This handbook examines the aspects of electronic commerce, including electronic storefront, on-line business, consumer interface, business-to-business networking, digital payment, legal issues, information product development, and electronic business models. Indispensable for academics, students and professionals who are interested in Electronic Commerce and Internet Business. (orig.)

Synthesis of ultrathin face-centered-cubic Au@Pt and Au@Pd core-shell nanoplates from hexagonal-close-packed Au square sheets

KAUST Repository

Fan, Zhanxi

2015-03-17

The synthesis of ultrathin face-centered-cubic (fcc) Au@Pt rhombic nanoplates is reported through the epitaxial growth of Pt on hexagonal-close-packed (hcp) Au square sheets (AuSSs). The Pt-layer growth results in a hcp-to-fcc phase transformation of the AuSSs under ambient conditions. Interestingly, the obtained fcc Au@Pt rhombic nanoplates demonstrate a unique (101)f orientation with the same atomic arrangement extending from the Au core to the Pt shell. Importantly, this method can be extended to the epitaxial growth of Pd on hcp AuSSs, resulting in the unprecedented formation of fcc Au@Pd rhombic nanoplates with (101)f orientation. Additionally, a small amount of fcc (100)f-oriented Au@Pt and Au@Pd square nanoplates are obtained with the Au@Pt and Au@Pd rhombic nanoplates, respectively. We believe that these findings will shed new light on the synthesis of novel noble bimetallic nanostructures. Phase change: Ultrathin Au@Pt and Au@Pd core-shell nanoplates were prepared from Au square sheets. A phase transformation from hexagonal close-packed (hcp) to face-centered cubic (fcc) is observed upon coating the hcp Au square sheets with Pt or Pd under ambient conditions. The prepared fcc Au@Pt and Au@Pd rhombic nanoplates demonstrate unique (101)f orientation (picture shows a typical fcc Au@Pt rhombic nanoplate). © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

EU Regulation of E-Commerce A Commentary

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Lodder, A.R.; Murray, A.D.

2017-01-01

For the last twenty years the European Union has been extremely active in the field of e-commerce. This important new book addresses the key pieces of EU legislation in the field of e-commerce, including the E-Commerce Directive, the Services Directive, the Consumer Directive, the General Data

Implications of e-commerce for banking and finance

OpenAIRE

Heng, Michael S.H.

2001-01-01

The aim of the paper is to show that e-commerce holds the potential to transform banking and financial systems. There are three aspects in which e-commerce can affect banking and finance. First, banks and financial firms can use the technology and business practice of e-commerce to market their products to the customers. Second, e-commerce provides a business opportunity for banks to offer new products and services to serve the needs of e-commerce. Third, the new business environment associat...

Configuring Mobile Commerce Portals for Business Success

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Dholakia, Nikhilesh; Rask, Morten

2004-01-01

-portals must attract and retain customers. Success in mobile portal markets will depend on dynamic strategies that blend elements of personalization, permission, and specification of content. This chapter reviews the key differences between traditional e-commerce and the emergent m-commerce. It reviews...... the core concepts of personalization, permission, and content specification as they apply to e-commerce and m-commerce. The chapter presents a framework for developing effective business strategies for developing and managing mobile portals. http://www.morten-rask.dk/2003c.htm......M-commerce entails transactions conducted via mobile telecommunications networks using communication, information, and payment devices such as mobile phones or palmtop units. Geographic positioning and location capabilities are also being added to such networks and devices. Rather than using...

15 CFR 738.2 - Commerce Control List (CCL) structure.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Commerce Control List (CCL) structure. 738.2 Section 738.2 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) BUREAU OF INDUSTRY AND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE EXPORT ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS...

DEVELOPMENT OF E-COMMERCE IN WORLD AND TURKEY AND THE IMPACTS OF MARKETING STRATEGIES IN E-COMMERCE ON TURKEY’S ECONOMY

OpenAIRE

Terzi, Nuray; Gokce, Cemre

2017-01-01

The aim of this study is to investigate thedevelopment of e-commerce and the impact of marketing strategies in e-commerceon economy. Economic indicators is used and and questionnaire method is appliedto analyze the development of e-commerce and the impact of marketing strategiesin e-commerce on economy. Results show that e-commerce is gaining a momentum inthe world and Turkey as well, and e-marketing strategies are positively relatedon economy, both macroeconomic and microeconomic. E-commerce...

E-commerce Dalam Perspektif Perlindungan Konsumen

OpenAIRE

Wariati, Ambar; Irma Susanti, Nani

2015-01-01

Thisstudy is to findout how legal protection forconsumers ine-commerce is. When consumers harm-ed in e-commerce remedy what can be done by consumers and how should the model of consumerprotection in e-commerce.This research is a normative-empirical, the research by reviewing legislation related to the problem and empirical research to gather information in the field with observations, distribute question-naires and interviews to the competent authorities to the problems examined.H Results of ...

Customer Retention in E-commerce business

OpenAIRE

Qu, Feihua

2011-01-01

E-commerce is growing fast with the fast development of internet and communication technology. Now E-commerce brings the businesses a world wide market and a huge population of protential csutomer. For customers the price information is more transparent and there are much more buying choices than before. Online businesses are competeing for customers on a word wide market like never before. The customer retention gained increased value among the E-commerc businesses. But the research of cust...

The Electronic Properties and L3 XANES of Au and Nano-Au

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yiu, Y.M.; Zhang, P.; Sham, T.K.

2004-01-01

The electronic properties of Au crystal and nano Au have been investigated by theory and experiment. Molecularly capped nano-Au was synthesized using the two-phase method. Au nano-particles have been characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). They retain the fcc crystal structure. Their sizes have been determined to be in a range from 5.5 nm to 1.7 nm. The L3 X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) of nano-Au and Au foil have been recorded using synchrotron radiation, and examined by theoretical calculation based on the first principles. Both theory and experiment show that the nano-Au particles have essentially all the Au L3 XANES features of bulk Au in the near edge region with less pronounced resonance peaks. It is also shown that nano Au exhibits lower 4f binding energy than bulk Au in good agreement with quantum confined Au systems reported previously.

Electronic Commerce user manual

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1992-04-10

This User Manual supports the Electronic Commerce Standard System. The Electronic Commerce Standard System is being developed for the Department of Defense of the Technology Information Systems Program at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, operated by the University of California for the Department of Energy. The Electronic Commerce Standard System, or EC as it is known, provides the capability for organizations to conduct business electronically instead of through paper transactions. Electronic Commerce and Computer Aided Acquisition and Logistics Support, are two major projects under the DoD`s Corporate Information Management program, whose objective is to make DoD business transactions faster and less costly by using computer networks instead of paper forms and postage. EC runs on computers that use the UNIX operating system and provides a standard set of applications and tools that are bound together by a common command and menu system. These applications and tools may vary according to the requirements of the customer or location and may be customized to meet the specific needs of an organization. Local applications can be integrated into the menu system under the Special Databases & Applications option on the EC main menu. These local applications will be documented in the appendices of this manual. This integration capability provides users with a common environment of standard and customized applications.

Electronic Commerce user manual

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1992-04-10

This User Manual supports the Electronic Commerce Standard System. The Electronic Commerce Standard System is being developed for the Department of Defense of the Technology Information Systems Program at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, operated by the University of California for the Department of Energy. The Electronic Commerce Standard System, or EC as it is known, provides the capability for organizations to conduct business electronically instead of through paper transactions. Electronic Commerce and Computer Aided Acquisition and Logistics Support, are two major projects under the DoD's Corporate Information Management program, whose objective is to make DoD business transactions faster and less costly by using computer networks instead of paper forms and postage. EC runs on computers that use the UNIX operating system and provides a standard set of applications and tools that are bound together by a common command and menu system. These applications and tools may vary according to the requirements of the customer or location and may be customized to meet the specific needs of an organization. Local applications can be integrated into the menu system under the Special Databases Applications option on the EC main menu. These local applications will be documented in the appendices of this manual. This integration capability provides users with a common environment of standard and customized applications.

29 CFR 779.108 - Goods produced for commerce.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Goods produced for commerce. 779.108 Section 779.108 Labor... Coverage Employees Engaged in Commerce Or in the Production of Goods for Commerce § 779.108 Goods produced for commerce. Goods are “produced for commerce” if they are “produced, manufactured, mined, handled or...

29 CFR 784.18 - Commerce activities of employees.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Commerce activities of employees. 784.18 Section 784.18... Exemptions Provisions of the Act § 784.18 Commerce activities of employees. The Fair Labor Standards Act has... foreign commerce or (b) in the production of goods for such commerce, which is defined to include any...

33 CFR 329.6 - Interstate or foreign commerce.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Interstate or foreign commerce... commerce. (a) Nature of commerce: type, means, and extent of use. The types of commercial use of a waterway... transportation of commerce which is the determinative factor, and not the time, extent or manner of that use. As...

100-MeV proton beam intensity measurement by Au activation analysis using {sup 197}Au(p, pn){sup 196}Au and {sup 197}Au(p, p3n){sup 194}Au reactions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mokhtari Oranj, Leila [Division of Advanced Nuclear Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang 37673 (Korea, Republic of); Jung, Nam-Suk; Oh, Joo-Hee [Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Pohang 37673 (Korea, Republic of); Lee, Hee-Seock, E-mail: lee@postech.ac.kr [Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Pohang 37673 (Korea, Republic of)

2016-05-15

The proton beam intensity of a 100-MeV proton linac at the Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex (KOMAC) was measured by an Au activation analysis using {sup 197}Au(p, pn){sup 196}Au and {sup 197}Au(p, p3n){sup 194}Au reactions to determine the accuracy and precision of beam intensity measurement using Gafchromic film dosimetry method. The target, irradiated by 100-MeV protons, was arranged in a stack consisting of Au, Al foils and Pb plates. The yields of produced radio-nuclei in Au foils were obtained by gamma-ray spectroscopy. The FLUKA code was employed to calculate the energy spectrum of protons onto the front surface of Au foils located at three different depth points of the target and also to investigate the condition of incident beam on the target. A good agreement was found between the beam intensity measurements using the activation analysis method at three different depth points of the target. An excellent agreement was also observed between the beam intensity measurements using the Au activation analysis method and the dosimetry method using Gafchromic film.

Business-to-business electronic commerce

OpenAIRE

John Wenninger

1999-01-01

To improve efficiency, some large retailers, suppliers, and distributors have begun to conduct business-to-business commerce electronically. This practice could grow rapidly if the Internet becomes the primary low-cost network for such transactions. Before the Internet can fully support business-to-business commerce, however, companies must overcome several technological and security obstacles.

Predicting Internet/E-Commerce Use.

Science.gov (United States)

Sexton, Randall S.; Johnson, Richard A.; Hignite, Michael A.

2002-01-01

Describes a study that analyzed variables in order to identify accurate predictors of individuals' use of the Internet and e-commerce. Results of survey research and a neural network identifies gender, overall computer use, job-related use, and home access as important characteristics that should influence use of the Internet and e-commerce.…

Adoption of E-commerce in Nigerian Businesses : A Change from Traditional to E-commerce Business Model in Richbol Environmental Services Limited

OpenAIRE

Emmanuel, Abdulazeez

2012-01-01

The emergence of e-commerce is changing many traditional ways of doing business and there are lots of success story regarding e-commerce in developed countries. These successes have prompted governments and business organizations in developing countries including Nigeria to step up their effort in the adoption and use of e-commerce technology. The rapid rise of e-commerce has brought with it a large amount of e-commerce business models which are more easy to implement, run, and profit-ori...

76 FR 81793 - The Commerce Control List

Science.gov (United States)

2011-12-29

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Bureau of Industry and Security 15 CFR Part 774 The Commerce Control List CFR Correction In Title 15 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Parts 300 to 799, revised as of Jan. 1... Commerce Control List), Category 9 Aerospace and Propulsion, Product Group E is amended by revising the...

27 CFR 70.445 - Commerce in explosives.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Commerce in explosives. 70... Cartridges, and Explosives § 70.445 Commerce in explosives. Part 55 of title 27 CFR contains the regulations..., explosives, (b) Permits for users who buy or transport explosives in interstate or foreign commerce, (c...

Consumer-to-Consumer Electronic Commerce: A Distinct Research Stream

OpenAIRE

Kiku Jones; Lori N.K. Leonard

2007-01-01

Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) e-commerce is a growing area of e-commerce. However, according to a meta-analysis of critical themes of e-commerce, C2C e-commerce was only represented in the area of online auctions (Wareham, Zheng, & Straub, 2005). C2C e-commerce can encompass much more than just auctions. The question then becomes, “is C2C e-commerce a different research area that deserves its own stream of research?†This study adapts constructs from a business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce st...

15 CFR 16.10 - The Department of Commerce Mark.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false The Department of Commerce Mark. 16.10 Section 16.10 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce PROCEDURES FOR A VOLUNTARY CONSUMER PRODUCT INFORMATION LABELING PROGRAM § 16.10 The Department of Commerce Mark. The Department of...

EU ACQUIS ON E-COMMERCE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Larisa Antonia CAPISIZU

2015-07-01

Full Text Available The discovery of a new form of communication between people, the Internet, was a premise of commerce development. The emergence of a new form of economic relation manifestation, e-commerce, led to important changes in the sphere of legal regulation. The need for these changes derives from the global and complex nature of the Internet.

A concept of applications in the electronic commerce market

OpenAIRE

Oboyanskiy, Andrey; Shuvalova, Mariya

2017-01-01

This article considers the potential of mobile applications in the e-commerce. The current state of e-commerce has been considered. The Internet users' involvement in the e-commerce has been analyzed. Analyzed example of the most popular applications for further analysis sphere of e-commerce. The work analyzes the successful e-commerce site on the market. The different concepts for using mobile applications on e-commerce market. Examples of the use of augmented reality applications aimed at p...

Framing the Future: An E-Commerce Operation.

Science.gov (United States)

Mitchell, John

This document reports on a study that analyzes the business management processes of Australia's Framing the Future program (FTF) in terms of the extent to which they demonstrate e-commerce principles. Chapter 1 describes the concept of e-commerce in relation to vocational education and training (VET). It defines e-commerce as any business…

Consumer Rights in Digital Economy. Case Study of Romanian e-commerce Usage

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lorena BĂTĂGAN

2010-09-01

Full Text Available Current economy or digital economy is driven by modern information and new technologies, which offer to organizations or to the public access to almost any type of information, regardless of its form of existence, storage type or geographical location. These tools encourage the development of new activities, services and products. All developed countries have issued and implemented government policies supporting: the evolution and the adoption of new technology, the national information infrastructure consolidation, the training and the attraction of new technology experts, the adult education, and the cooperation with the private sector to encourage investment in this new economic branch, and promoting government projects to demonstrate the benefits for the current society services. This work aims to highlight the pattern of trade activities using the convenience of the Internet – e-commerce, with emphasis on legal regulations in regard to currently available services. Also the present study summarizes existing legislation, for electronic commerce, at national and international level. A case study was performed to highlight the current state of Romanian e-commerce activity, regarding the applicability of existing legislation, the frequency of electronic commerce usage, the usefulness of the service and the selection of the most frequently purchased products online. The research emphasizes on the existing legislation, its applicability and the degree in which the users are informed about it.

E-commerce platform acceptance suppliers, retailers, and consumers

CERN Document Server

Chan, Hing; Yip, Nick

2014-01-01

This book aims to offer a comprehensive overview of the issues facing organizations when deciding whether to accept e-commerce as a platform for business. It provides a detailed evaluation of how the implementation of e-commerce may affect all parties within the supply chain: suppliers, retailers and consumers. It also compares various opportunities and threats of accepting e-commerce in order to conclude whether it might offer access to a new digital era, or whether it is an uncertain option yielding potential pitfalls. This book helps to reveal existing and future consequences of e-commerce acceptance, which are crucial for business decisions and operations in the present and going forward. It therefore provides a unique insight into emerging e-commerce platform acceptance, and is one of the first to provide a holistic perspective of how each party in the supply chain is affected  by e-commerce acceptance. E-commerce is bringing into view more flexible, effective and efficient ways of conducting business a...

Privacy and security in e-commerce

OpenAIRE

Milan Mandić

2009-01-01

Consumer distrust and concerns, mainly in regards to the protection of their private information and risk of being exposed to online frauds, have been the main obstacles in online commerce. This paper analyzes some of the most significant aspects of trust in e-commerce, with a focus on online security and privacy issues. With all the potential that e-commerce provides to both companies and consumers, it is in the interest of the company to increase trust among its online users. Some of the mo...

Electronic Commerce: Themes, Concepts and Relationships

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kuo-Hsun Yu

2008-12-01

Full Text Available In this paper, bibliometric (co-citation analysis and social network analysis techniques are used to investigate the intellectual pillars of the electronic commerce literature as reported in SSCI and SCI journals between 2002 and 2006. By analyzing 22,760 citations of 840 articles, this study maps an invisible network of knowledge of electronic commerce studies. The results of the mapping can help identify the research direction of electronic commerce research and provide a valuable tool for researchers to access the literature in this area.

29 CFR 784.12 - “Commerce.”

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false âCommerce.â 784.12 Section 784.12 Labor Regulations... FISHING AND OPERATIONS ON AQUATIC PRODUCTS General Some Basic Definitions § 784.12 “Commerce.” “Commerce” as used in the Act includes interstate and foreign commerce. It is defined in section 3(b) of the Act...

Critical Success Factors influencing E-Commerce in Kuwait

OpenAIRE

Salah Al-Fadhli

2011-01-01

Electronic Commerce which enables business transactions to be conducted electronically has demonstrated significant operational and strategic benefits. Developed countries have actively adopted e-Commerce and have made it an integral part of business activities. Despite its ability to bridge economic and digital gap between developing and developed countries, developing countries are still slow in e-Commerce adoption. Currently, there is still a lack of e-Commerce readines...

Internet and e-Commerce Use by Agribusiness Firms: 2004

OpenAIRE

Henderson, Jason R.; Akridge, Jay T.; Dooley, Frank J.

2006-01-01

In 2001, the dot.com bubble burst and U.S. e-commerce growth slowed. Slower e-commerce growth may signal changes in the use and perceptions of the Internet and e-commerce in agribusiness companies. Agribusiness firm managers were surveyed in 2004 to identify agribusiness use of the Internet and e-commerce and to solicit their perceptions about the Internet and e-commerce. The survey was developed from a similar survey conducted in 1999. In 2004, agribusiness firms were using e-commerce more w...

75 FR 72792 - Commerce Spectrum Management Advisory Committee Meeting

Science.gov (United States)

2010-11-26

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Telecommunications and Information Administration Commerce... Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. ACTION: Notice of open meeting by teleconference. SUMMARY: This notice announces a public meeting of the Commerce Spectrum Management Advisory Committee (Committee...

ANALISA DAN PERANCANGAN WEB SITE SOCIAL-COMMERCE UMKM

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Endang Supriyati

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Pertumbuhan internet mengubah perilaku konsumen dalam mengambil keputusan. Pertukaran informasi melalui media sosial menjadi referensi penting bagi konsumen dalam mengambil keputusan pembelian. Transaksi bisnis secara online dan kesuksesan e-commerce tergantung pada ketepatan desain dari sebuah produk. Setiap situs social commerce, paling tidak mempunyai satu set minimal fitur desain social commerce. UMKM merupakan salah satu tiang ekonomi bangsa. Salah satu permasalahan pada UMKM adalah pemasaran produk. Untuk membangun UMKM yang lebih kuat dalam pemasaran maka perlu dibuat website yang mampu memasarkan produk secara lebih luas. Dengan adanya social commerce, akan mampu memasarkan produk, merekomendasi produk dan menampilkan berbagai informasi produk-produk UMKM. Sebelum membangun sistem, didahului dengan perancangan sistem, perancangan ini menggunakan UML (Unified Modeling Language. Hasil penelitian ini berupa rancangan website social commerce untuk UMKM. Kata kunci: social commerce, UMKM, UML.

75 FR 38779 - Commerce Spectrum Management Advisory Committee Meeting

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-06

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Telecommunications and Information Administration Commerce... Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. ACTION: Notice of open meeting. SUMMARY: This notice announces a public meeting of the Commerce Spectrum Management Advisory Committee (Committee). The Committee provides...

75 FR 7234 - Commerce Spectrum Management Advisory Committee Meeting

Science.gov (United States)

2010-02-18

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Telecommunications and Information Administration Commerce... Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. ACTION: Notice of Open Meeting. SUMMARY: This notice announces a public meeting of the Commerce Spectrum Management Advisory Committee (Committee). The Committee provides...

75 FR 64699 - Commerce Spectrum Management Advisory Committee Meeting

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-20

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Telecommunications and Information Administration Commerce... Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. ACTION: Notice of open meeting. SUMMARY: This notice announces a public meeting of the Commerce Spectrum Management Advisory Committee (Committee). The Committee provides...

75 FR 21602 - Commerce Spectrum Management Advisory Committee Meeting

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-26

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Telecommunications and Information Administration Commerce... Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. ACTION: Notice of open meeting. SUMMARY: This notice announces a public meeting of the Commerce Spectrum Management Advisory Committee (Committee). The Committee provides...

75 FR 75968 - Commerce Spectrum Management Advisory Committee Meeting

Science.gov (United States)

2010-12-07

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Telecommunications and Information Administration Commerce... Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. ACTION: Notice of open meeting. SUMMARY: This notice announces a public meeting of the Commerce Spectrum Management Advisory Committee (Committee). The Committee provides...

77 FR 25145 - Commerce Spectrum Management Advisory Committee Meeting

Science.gov (United States)

2012-04-27

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Telecommunications and Information Administration Commerce... Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. ACTION: Notice of open meeting. SUMMARY: This notice announces a public meeting of the Commerce Spectrum Management Advisory Committee (Committee). The Committee provides...

L'aide au développement international Sommaires exécutifs

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

pwust

CNPq), qui est relié au ministère des Sciences et de la Technologie (MST); le Service des ... coordonnant des institutions telles que l'ABC, créée en 1987. Malgré cet effort ... La section 4 comporte une analyse de la collaboration internationale du ...

High-p$_{T}$ Tomography of d+Au and Au+Au at SPS, RHIC, and LHC

CERN Document Server

Vitev, I; Vitev, Ivan; Gyulassy, Miklos

2002-01-01

The interplay of nuclear effects on the p_T > 2 GeV inclusive hadron spectra in d+Au and Au+Au reactions at root(s) = 17, 200, 5500 GeV is compared to leading order perturbative QCD calculations for elementary p+p (p-bar+p) collisions. The competition between nuclear shadowing, Cronin effect, and jet energy loss due to medium-induced gluon radiation is predicted to lead to a striking energy dependence of the nuclear suppression/enhancement pattern in A+A reactions. We show that future d+Au data can used to disentangle the initial and final state effects.

An incremental approach to a secure e-commerce environment

OpenAIRE

2014-01-01

M.Sc. (Computer Science) The terms "Electronic Commerce" and "Internet Commerce" are often used interchangeably to mean similar processes. By definition, electronic commerce (e-commerce) means any exchange of information that occurs electronically. There are various types of electronic commerce transactions to name a few; electronic data interchange (EDI), fax, electronic funds transfer, interorganisational systems, technical data and document exchange, customer credit approval systems, in...

Business-to-business electronic commerce systems and services. Smart EC solution; Kigyoka nrenkei system solution system. Smart EC solution

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Setoguchi, T.; Manchu, Y.; Katsumata, M. [Toshiba Corp., Tokyo (Japan)

2000-04-01

Toshiba provides a range of information technology (IT) solutions called SmartEC Solution, which includes business-to-business electronic commerce systems and services based on international standards and industrial know-how, especially our electronic data interchange (EDI) know-how as a manufacturer. These IT solutions are supplied as services covering strategy planning, system integration, and application service provider based on five types of business-to-business electronic commerce. (author)

76 FR 27636 - Commerce Spectrum Management Advisory Committee Meeting

Science.gov (United States)

2011-05-12

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Telecommunications and Information Administration Commerce... Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. ACTION: Notice of open meeting, room location change. SUMMARY: This notice announces a change in the room location of a public meeting of the Commerce Spectrum Management...

MODEL ADOPSI UKM DI KUDUS TERHADAP E-COMMERCE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Muhammad Malik Hakim

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Salah satu fungsi e-commerce adalah memungkinkan layanan pemasaran dan penjualan dapat dilakukan secara online di internet. Dengan e-commerce, pembeli dapat dengan mudah melihat produk unggulan dan bertransaksi sesuai dengan produk secara elektornik yang dipilihnya kapan dan dimana saja. Namun para pelaku UKM yang memiliki kemampuan dan fasilitas masih banyak yang belum memanfaatkan e-commerce secara optimal, yang berdampak pada kurang majunya perkembangan usahanya. Penelitian ini menjelaskan hubungan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi adopsi e-commerce oleh UKM dengan model UTAUT di Padurenan – Kabupaten Kudus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adopsi e-commerce belum efektif dikarenakan UKM belum memiliki niat dan keyakinan yang tinggi terhadap manfaat penggunaan e-commerce; kurangnya faktor pengaruh sosial dari komunitas sesama UKM; serta kurangnya dukungan fasilitas baik sarana maupun prasarana dan tenaga ahli dari pihak pembina UKM terkait.

Intelligent Agents in E-Commerce

OpenAIRE

Valentin LITOIU; Amelia BADICA; Cristian ETEGAN

2006-01-01

This paper emphasizes the importance of intelligent agents in e-commerce, with a particular focus on the B2C and B2B context. From the consumer buying behaviour perspective, agents can be used to assist the following stages: need identification, product brokering, buyer coalition formation, merchant brokering and negotiation. Related to B2B commerce, intelligent agents are involved in partnership formation, brokering and negotiation.

Local structure of disordered Au-Cu and Au-Ag alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Frenkel, A. I.; Machavariani, V. Sh.; Rubshtein, A.; Rosenberg, Yu.; Voronel, A.; Stern, E. A.

2000-01-01

X-ray-absorption fine structure (XAFS) and x-ray-diffraction (XRD) measurements of disordered alloys Au x Cu 1-x and Au 0.5 Ag 0.5 prepared by melt spinning were performed. In the Au 0.5 Ag 0.5 alloy, no significant local deviations of the atoms from the average fcc lattice were detected while in Au x Cu 1-x alloys, significant deviations of atoms from the average fcc lattice were found. Mean-square vibrations of the Cu-Cu distances revealed by the XAFS in Au x Cu 1-x alloys indicate the weakening of contact between Cu atoms in the dilute limit. Our computer simulation for Au x Cu 1-x clusters of 10 5 atoms reproduces the main features of both the XAFS and XRD data

ELECTRONIC PUBLISHING AND THE EVOLVING INTERNATIONAL INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY REGIME

OpenAIRE

D. Langenberg

2000-01-01

As we leave the Industrial Age behind us and move into the Information Age, the transition from “bricks and mortar” commerce to electronic commerce and from paper to electronic publishing pose major challenges for international intellectual property regimes. Electronic commerce has taken off. Whatever concerns about consumer acceptance there were five years ago have given way to “click and mortar” business models where e-commerce has an established role complementing traditional commerce. The...

Middle and small manufacture enterprise e-commerce application systems research

Science.gov (United States)

Zhu, Mingqiang

2017-04-01

With the extensive application of electronic commerce in manufacturing enterprises, e-commerce the influence of operation is increasingly becoming the focus of academic and business circles on the basis, this paper probes into the influence of e-commerce on the operation of the enterprise for the manufacturing enterprises to correctly understand the performance of e-commerce to provide a little help. The article first analyses e-commerce new environment on medium manufacturing enterprise requires, current medium manufacturing enterprise achieved e-commerce has many difficult, should e-commerce correctly awareness, and full planning, and points step implementation, and e-commerce and enterprise integration, and construction features of e-commerce platform, and procurement and supply chain of collaborative management, and attention customer management, and variety e-commerce of mode mixed, and flexible effective operations, and logistics socialization, views, focus on small and medium manufacturing enterprises in e-commerce applications to be innovative in design, production and management of agile and flexible production strategies.

Nuclear spin of 185Au and hyperfine structure of 188Au

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ekstroem, C.; Ingelman, S.; Wannberg, G.

1977-03-01

The nuclear spin of 185 Au, I = 5/2, and the hyperfine separation of 188 Au, Δγ = +- 2992(30) MHz, have been measured with the atomic-beam magnetic resonance method. The spin of 185 Au indicates a deformed nuclear shape in the ground state. The small magnetic moment of 188 Au is close in value to those of the heavier I = 1 gold isotopes 190 192 194 Au, being located in a typical transition region. (Auth.)

E-commerce strategy

CERN Document Server

Qin, Zheng; Li, Shundong; Li, Fengxiang

2014-01-01

This book helps deepen understanding of key e-commerce strategies. It brings together theoretical perspectives based on academic research, integrated use of technologies and a large amount of cases, especially those of China.

15 CFR 19.21 - What does a Commerce entity do upon receipt of a request to offset the salary of a Commerce...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

...) of this section. (e) Request for hearing official. A Commerce entity will provide a hearing official... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false What does a Commerce entity do upon receipt of a request to offset the salary of a Commerce entity employee to collect a debt owed by the...

Evidence of final-state suppression of high-p{_ T} hadrons in Au + Au collisions using d + Au measurements at RHIC

Science.gov (United States)

Back, B. B.; Baker, M. D.; Ballintijn, M.; Barton, D. S.; Becker, B.; Betts, R. R.; Bickley, A. A.; Bindel, R.; Busza, W.; Carroll, A.; Decowski, M. P.; García, E.; Gburek, T.; George, N.; Gulbrandsen, K.; Gushue, S.; Halliwell, C.; Hamblen, J.; Harrington, A. S.; Henderson, C.; Hofman, D. J.; Hollis, R. S.; Hołyński, R.; Holzman, B.; Iordanova, A.; Johnson, E.; Kane, J. L.; Khan, N.; Kulinich, P.; Kuo, C. M.; Lee, J. W.; Lin, W. T.; Manly, S.; Mignerey, A. C.; Nouicer, R.; Olszewski, A.; Pak, R.; Park, I. C.; Pernegger, H.; Reed, C.; Roland, C.; Roland, G.; Sagerer, J.; Sarin, P.; Sedykh, I.; Skulski, W.; Smith, C. E.; Steinberg, P.; Stephans, G. S. F.; Sukhanov, A.; Tonjes, M. B.; Trzupek, A.; Vale, C.; van Nieuwenhuizen, G. J.; Verdier, R.; Veres, G. I.; Wolfs, F. L. H.; Wosiek, B.; Woźniak, K.; Wysłouch, B.; Zhang, J.

Transverse momentum spectra of charged hadrons with pT 2 GeV/c). In contrast, the d + Au nuclear modification factor exhibits no suppression of the high-pT yields. These measurements suggest a large energy loss of the high-pT particles in the highly interacting medium created in the central Au + Au collisions. The lack of suppression in d + Au collisions suggests that it is unlikely that initial state effects can explain the suppression in the central Au + Au collisions. PACS: 25.75.-q

Investigating Social Commerce as an Alternate Model for Online Commerce in Developing Countries: a case of Pakistani Economy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Amina Talat

2013-05-01

Full Text Available The study is an empirical quantitative research. In light of intense literature review it proposes a new model for effectiveness of social commerce in Pakistan. It has three objectives. It firstly investigates the relationship between perceived risk, social networking focus, and perceived value effect trust. It secondly investigates the relationship between affective influence, word of mouth, affective influence, advertising influence, purchasing experience and viral reach on social commerce. Lastly it investigates how consumer value (adoption and purchase intention is affected by social commerce focus and trust. The software used is SPSS 15.0. Multiple regression equation has been employed to verify the hypotheses. Results show and validate the literature that positive or favorable views of users trigger positive attitude. However, there are two variables and dimensions that do not affect the attitude of users on social networks from the perspective of shopping i.e. social commerce; these are viral reach and previous purchasing experience on different websites. The results show that Pakistani users will welcome social commerce even if they have no previous experience for purchasing goods and services online.

Analisis Terhadap Perilaku Bertransaksi Online Pengguna Facebook Commerce

OpenAIRE

Sahfitri, Vivi

2016-01-01

The concept of electronic commerce is widely used today's society, or better known as e-commerce, information technology was born as globalization in economics. Social networking is one of the media of electronic commerce, which currently has a lot of users. The purpose of this study was to examine factors that influence e-commerce user on social networks, one of which is the facebook for online transactions. Data analysis performed in this study using multiple linear regression techniques to...

ASME Evaluation on Grid Mobile E-Commerce Process

OpenAIRE

Dan Chang; Wei Liao

2012-01-01

With the development of E-commerce, more scholars have paid attention to research on Mobile E-commerce and mostly focus on the optimization and evaluation of existing process. This paper researches the evaluation of Mobile E-commerce process with a method called ASME. Based on combing and analyzing current mobile business process and utilizing the grid management theory, mobile business process based on grid are constructed. Firstly, the existing process, namely Non-grid Mobile E-commerce, an...

Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(Amidoamine Dendrimers Encapsulatd 198Au Nanoparticles

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

R. Ritawidya1,2

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Brachytherapy or internal radiotherapy is one of many methods used for treatment of cancer. This modality requires an agent with radionuclides that emits  or β particle with a proper energy. 198Au (99% β max = 0.96 MeV and t1/2 = 2.69 days is one of radionuclides that has been considered to be effective for the above-mentioned purpose. The purpose of this research was to synthesis and characterize poly(amidoamine (PAMAM G3.0 dendrimers encapsulated 198Au nanoparticles as a new brachytherapy agent. PAMAM G3.0 dendrimers encapsulated 198Au nanoparticles was successfully synthesized by a bottom-up method using sodium borohydride as a reductor. Purification was then performed by a size exclusion chromatography in order to separate large Au nanoparticles that were formed outside the cavity of PAMAM G3.0 dendrimers. Prior to the synthesis of PAMAM G3.0 dendrimers encapsulated 198Au nanoparticles, the synthetic procedure was first established by using a non-radioactive Au. The PAMAM G3.0 dendrimers encapsulated Au nanoparticles produced was then characterized by using an UV-Vis spectroscopy, a transmission electron microscopy (TEM, particle size analyzer (PSA, and an atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS. Characterization results revealed that PAMAM G3.0 dendrimers encapsulated Au nanoparticles that were prepared from a reaction mixture of PAMAM G3.0 dendrimers and Au HAuCl4 with mol ratio of 2.8, was found to be a proper formula. It produced PAMAM G3.0 dendrimers encapsulated Au nanoparticles with diameter of 1.743 nm, spheris, uniform and drug loading value of 26.34%. This formula was then used in synthesis using radioactive Au, 198Au. Characterization results of PAMAM G3.0 dendrimers encapsulated 198Au nanoparticles gave a radiochemical purity of 99.4% and zero charge.

Intelligent Agents in E-Commerce

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Valentin LITOIU

2006-01-01

Full Text Available This paper emphasizes the importance of intelligent agents in e-commerce, with a particular focus on the B2C and B2B context. From the consumer buying behaviour perspective, agents can be used to assist the following stages: need identification, product brokering, buyer coalition formation, merchant brokering and negotiation. Related to B2B commerce, intelligent agents are involved in partnership formation, brokering and negotiation.

Comparative efficiencies of photothermal destruction of malignant cells using antibody-coated silica-Au nanoshells, hollow Au/Ag nanospheres and Au nanorods

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cheng, Fong-Yu; Chen, Chen-Tai; Yeh, Chen-Sheng, E-mail: csyeh@mail.ncku.edu.t [Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan (China)

2009-10-21

Three Au-based nanomaterials (silica-Au nanoshells, hollow Au/Ag nanospheres and Au nanorods) were evaluated for their comparative photothermal efficiencies at killing three types of malignant cells (A549 lung cancer cells, HeLa cervix cancer cells and TCC bladder cancer cells) using a CW NIR laser. Photodestructive efficiency was evaluated as a function of the number of nanoparticles required to destroy the cancer cells under 808 nm laser wavelength at fixed laser power. Of the three nanomaterials, silica/Au nanoshells needed the minimum number of particles to produce effective photodestruction, whereas Au nanorods needed the largest number of particles. Together with the calculated photothermal conversion efficiency, the photothermal efficiency rankings are silica-Au nanoshells > hollow Au/Ag nanospheres > Au nanorods. Additionally, we found that HeLa cells seem to present better heat tolerance than the other two cancer cell lines.

Droits des femmes à la terre au Pakistan | IDRC - International ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

L'accès inéquitable aux terres consiste en un obstacle systémique à l'égalité des sexes au Pakistan, ce qui est à la fois la cause et l'effet de la marginalisation des femmes. Toutefois, les recherches portant sur le nombre de femmes propriétaires de terres ou qui en ont la responsabilité ne font pas légion. Ce projet vise à ...

77 FR 15605 - Mobile Commerce and Personalization Promotion

Science.gov (United States)

2012-03-16

... POSTAL SERVICE 39 CFR Part 111 Mobile Commerce and Personalization Promotion AGENCY: Postal... reduction for the mobile commerce and personalization promotion, and the revised mailing standards to... * * * * * [Revise the title of 3.0 as follows:] 3.0 Mobile Commerce and Personalization Promotion 3.1 Program...

Web Security, Privacy & Commerce

CERN Document Server

Garfinkel, Simson

2011-01-01

Since the first edition of this classic reference was published, World Wide Web use has exploded and e-commerce has become a daily part of business and personal life. As Web use has grown, so have the threats to our security and privacy--from credit card fraud to routine invasions of privacy by marketers to web site defacements to attacks that shut down popular web sites. Web Security, Privacy & Commerce goes behind the headlines, examines the major security risks facing us today, and explains how we can minimize them. It describes risks for Windows and Unix, Microsoft Internet Exp

APLIKASI M–COMMERCE BERBASIS ANDROID PADA ZONA KOMPUTER BANJARNEGARA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andi Dwi Riyanto

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Transaksi bisnis jual beli e-Commerce saat ini memasuki mulai bergeser memanfaatkan perangkat gadget/smartphone. Perkembangan inilah yang disebut dengan m-Commerce, yakni memanfaatkan smartphone untuk melakukan transaksi jual beli barang. Zona Komputer Banjarnegara telah memiliki website e-Commerce. Namun demikian, Zona Komputer berinovasi untuk menjadi yang terdepan dalam melayani konsumen yakni dengan membuat m-Commerce untuk memudahkan pelanggan dalam transaksi jual beli. Metode pengembangan sistem yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan metode waterfall. Dari hasil penelitian ini akan dihasilkan sebuah aplikasi mobile untuk melakukan transaksi jual beli pada toko komputer Zona Komputer Banjarnegara.Kata Kunci: e-Commerce, m-Commerce, android

A Flexible Electronic Commerce Recommendation System

Science.gov (United States)

Gong, Songjie

Recommendation systems have become very popular in E-commerce websites. Many of the largest commerce websites are already using recommender technologies to help their customers find products to purchase. An electronic commerce recommendation system learns from a customer and recommends products that the customer will find most valuable from among the available products. But most recommendation methods are hard-wired into the system and they support only fixed recommendations. This paper presented a framework of flexible electronic commerce recommendation system. The framework is composed by user model interface, recommendation engine, recommendation strategy model, recommendation technology group, user interest model and database interface. In the recommender strategy model, the method can be collaborative filtering, content-based filtering, mining associate rules method, knowledge-based filtering method or the mixed method. The system mapped the implementation and demand through strategy model, and the whole system would be design as standard parts to adapt to the change of the recommendation strategy.

Modeling the customer in electronic commerce.

Science.gov (United States)

Helander, M G; Khalid, H M

2000-12-01

This paper reviews interface design of web pages for e-commerce. Different tasks in e-commerce are contrasted. A systems model is used to illustrate the information flow between three subsystems in e-commerce: store environment, customer, and web technology. A customer makes several decisions: to enter the store, to navigate, to purchase, to pay, and to keep the merchandize. This artificial environment must be designed so that it can support customer decision-making. To retain customers it must be pleasing and fun, and create a task with natural flow. Customers have different needs, competence and motivation, which affect decision-making. It may therefore be important to customize the design of the e-store environment. Future ergonomics research will have to investigate perceptual aspects, such as presentation of merchandize, and cognitive issues, such as product search and navigation, as well as decision making while considering various economic parameters. Five theories on e-commerce research are presented.

The Consumer Choice in the E-Commerce Environment

OpenAIRE

Pražáková, Hana

2014-01-01

The bachelor thesis The Consumer Choice in the E-Commerce Environment analyzes factors influencing the loyalty of e-commerce customers. The first part of the thesis describes the current situation of the e-commerce market in the Czech Republic. The second part introduces concepts that are connected to the theory of the consumer choice and CRM in the e-commerce environment. The third empirical part uses the theoretical concepts to create an empirical model which examines how the behaviour loya...

How Much is E-Commerce Worth to Rural Businesses?

OpenAIRE

Watson, Susan; Nwoha, Ogbonnaya John; Kennedy, Gary A.; Rea, Kenneth

2005-01-01

The probability of a business paying for an e-commerce presence ultimately depends on demographic features, experiences with e-commerce, technological expertise, and knowledge of e-commerce opportunities and limitations. Results allow for the assignment of probabilities associated with various business profiles to determine the willingness to pay for an e-commerce presence.

Universities Improve Services with E-Commerce.

Science.gov (United States)

Palmer, Gina Adams

2001-01-01

This follow-up to a December 2000 article provides more details on Stanford University's venture into the "sell-side" of e-commerce, then describes another "sell-side" success story at the University of Wisconsin. Madison. Discusses experiences on the "buy-side" of e-commerce at the Massachusetts Institute of…

Synthesis of nir-sensitive Au-Au{sub 2}S nanocolloids for drug delivery

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ren, L.; Chow, G.M

2003-01-15

Near IR (NIR) sensitive Au-Au{sub 2}S nanocolloids were prepared by mixing HAuCl{sub 4} and Na{sub 2}S in aqueous solutions. An anti-tumor drug, cis-platin, was adsorbed onto Au-Au{sub 2}S nanoparticle surface via the 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) layers. The results show that the degree of adsorption of cis-platin onto Au-Au{sub 2}S nanoparticles was controlled by the solution pH value, and the drug release was sensitive to near-infrared irradiation. The cis-platin-loaded Au-Au{sub 2}S nanocolloids can be potentially applied as NIR activated drug delivery carrier.

E-Commerce Dalam Manajemen Pemasaran

OpenAIRE

Setyawan, Surya

2003-01-01

Nowadays development of telecommunication technologies set out to the development of internet. It can be said that everyone over the world use internet as communication media to communicate to everybody in every place in the world. Marketing management has to follow this development in satisfiying customers ' needs. Commercial business move from traditional commerce to e-commerce by usinginternet as world wide communication device. And so does marketing management change from local to global ...

Business ethics in E-commerce

OpenAIRE

Nguyen, Khanh

2016-01-01

The thesis studies about business ethics generally and business ethics implementation in E-commerce particularly. The main objective of the thesis is to explore how ethics is implemented in electronic business, hence research problems are those following: which kinds of ethical issues organizations have to deal with when doing online commerce; what are opportunities and challenges regards to ethics they have and how they manage them. The thesis is inclined to exploit aspects from organization...

English for au pairs the au pair's guide to learning English

CERN Document Server

Curtis, Lucy

2014-01-01

English for Au Pairs has interlinked stories about a group of au pairs new to England. Marta, an 18-year-old from Poland arrives in the UK to work as an au pair. Throughout her year-long stay she has many different experiences - some bad, some good - but with the support of her host family she finds new friends and improves her English. English for Au Pairs offers insight into the joys and difficulties of being an au pair while at the same time reinforcing English language learning through grammar explanations and exercises.

E-Commerce in OIC members: Facts - Challenges - Prospects

OpenAIRE

Al-Abdali, Abid

2005-01-01

The study seeks to explore the importance of E-Commerce and ICT and their impact on economies of OIC members. Challenges and obstacles of E-Commerce application in member states are analyzed and discussed. The study has concluded that E-Commerce has become an important application in most member states. It also showed that despite there has been growth in the application of E-Commerce in some countries, but in general OIC members as a whole are still behind in the track compared to other grou...

Privacy and security in e-commerce

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Milan Mandić

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Consumer distrust and concerns, mainly in regards to the protection of their private information and risk of being exposed to online frauds, have been the main obstacles in online commerce. This paper analyzes some of the most significant aspects of trust in e-commerce, with a focus on online security and privacy issues. With all the potential that e-commerce provides to both companies and consumers, it is in the interest of the company to increase trust among its online users. Some of the most common online crimes are analyzed and practical guidelines to achieving trust in the online environment are provided.

Electron diffraction on amorphous and crystalline AuAl2 , AuGa2 and AuIn2 thin films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bohorquez, A.

1991-01-01

Experimental (in situ) measurements of electron diffraction and resistivity of amorphous and crystalline AuAl 2 , AuGa 2 and AuIn 2 thin films were performed. Thin films were produced by quench condensation. Interference and atomic distribution functions were analyzed assuming the same short range order for the three systems in the amorphous phase. The experimental results do not agree with this assumption, giving evidence that the short range order is not the same for the three amorphous systems. Further discussion of interference and atomic distribution functions shows a more evident tendency in amorphous AuIn 2 where short order of AuIn 2 and In can be inferred. (Author)

E-COMMERCE IN THE ASIAN CONTEXT

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Lower transaction costs and improved management of customer and supplier ... To provide a geographic context to the Pan Asia e-commerce initiative, it is ... The second model uses a private application service provider (ASP) to handle the ... As an inaugural activity, a regional e-commerce training workshop was held in ...

The Evolution of Electronic Commerce Education

Science.gov (United States)

Burkey, Julie

2007-01-01

Business schools began introducing electronic commerce programs in the late 1990s at unprecedented rates. In this study, the author examined the evolution in electronic commerce programs offered by AACSB-accredited colleges and universities from 2001 to 2005. Although these programs are declining in number, they provide the necessary skills and…

Imposition of direct taxes on elektronic commerce

OpenAIRE

Baltaduonienė, Vaida

2006-01-01

Problems, relating to the imposition of direct taxes on e-commerce, calculation and collection thereof in e-commerce are discussed in the final Master's thesis with reference to the laws of the Republic of Lithuania, by comparing them with the model of the double taxation avoidance agreement of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development as well as the remarks of the experts of this Organization. Criteria, according to which the e-commerce taxation jurisdiction is applicable, a...

MOBILE COMMERCE APPROACH BASED ON MOBILE AGENT

OpenAIRE

Oussama Zerdoumi; Okba Kazar; Saber Benharzallah

2011-01-01

Telecommunications technologies are advanced; they introduced new technologies to meet the needs of individuals and organizations to make commercial transactions, where we find the birth of e-commerce after the emergence of the Internet. But this approach has limits like the use of a client / server model, which limit the use of these transactions in anytime and anywhere. Recently and after the emergence of the wireless networking, the commerce increase the range of the E-commerce application...

A Service-Oriented E-Commerce Reference Architecture

OpenAIRE

Aulkemeier, Fabian; Schramm, Milan; Iacob, Maria Eugenia; van Hillegersberg, Jos

2016-01-01

Electronic commerce (e-commerce) is getting more and more important in people's every day shopping routines. Vendors who want to establish an online channel besides their traditional retail practice have to integrate the two supply chains. The underlying information technology systems should be able to support the integration of the new and old processes. While reference models are a popular means in designing this type of systems, the existing reference models in the field of e-commerce only...

Cambridge Marketing College - interview about e-commerce

OpenAIRE

Paa-Kerner, Greta; Cambridge Marketing College

2015-01-01

Interview about e-commerce.\\ud \\ud The Cambridge Marketing College interviews Greta Paa-Kerner to learn about the dynamic world of e-commerce. She discusses online retail trends and shopping influencers.

Electronic Commerce Versus Traditional Commerce: Trends, Similarities, Differences

OpenAIRE

Boldureanu Gabriela

2010-01-01

The unprecedented development of information technologies in recent decades has revolutionized global trade, wholesale and retail, redefining, from a radical way of organizing and operating system business, requiring a new way to trade, to enter relationship and partnership with consumers connect. Thus, this paper presents the main developments in trade, from classic to electronic commerce trade, concluding that, in fact, widespread Internet and information technology contribute to the develo...

A 3D Virtual Space for the E-Commerce Strategy Model

OpenAIRE

Gong Cheng; Changrui Yu; Kecheng Liu

2014-01-01

In recent years, innovative applications of electronic commerce (e-commerce) are facing the challenges of mobile commerce (m-commerce) and ubiquitous commerce (u-commerce). To address these challenges and improve the competitiveness of e-commerce, the three-dimensional e-commerce (3DEC) theory is proposed and a 3DEC business strategy model is built up in this study. The new conceptual 3DEC model incorporates the industrial environment analysis, SWOT analysis, and business model canvas (BMC). ...

PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI KONSUMEN DALAM TRANSAKSI E-COMMERCE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dianne Eka Rusmawati

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Mengetahui dan memahami mengenai perlindungan hukum bagi konsumen dalam transaksi e-commerce adalah tujuan yang hendak dicapai. Berdasarkan pendekatan normatif, perlindungan hokum bagi konsumen dalam transaksi e-commerce dapat dilihat berdasarkan proses transaksinya, yaitu Proses transaksi menggunakan media on-line secara keseluruhan atau proses transaksinya saja yang menggunakan media on-line tapi pembayarannya dilakukan secara manual. Bentuk Perlindungan hukum bagi konsumen dalam transaksi e-commerce diatur dalam ketentuan Pasal 4 huruf b dan c UUPK dan Ps 2 serta Pasal 9 UUITE.Kata Kunci: perlindungan hukum, konsumen, e-commerce

The influence of internal degrees of freedom on the unimolecular decay of the molecule-cluster compound Au8+CH3OH

Science.gov (United States)

Vogel, M.; Hansen, K.; Herlert, A.; Schweikhard, L.; Walther, C.

2002-06-01

Time-resolved photodissociation measurements of the sequential reaction Au8+CH3OH→Au8+→Au7+ and the direct reaction Au8+→Au7+ have been performed for several excitation energies. The production rates and yields of the final state Au7+ in the sequential process are strongly influenced by the excitation energy deposited into the evaporated methanol molecule during the initial fragmentation step. Both the rate constants and yields can be fitted with a single parameter, the cluster-methanol binding energy.

29 CFR 783.18 - Commerce activities of employees.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Commerce activities of employees. 783.18 Section 783.18... Commerce activities of employees. Prior to the 1961 Amendments, the Fair Labor Standards Act applied to all employees, not specifically exempted, who are engaged (a) in interstate or foreign commerce or (b) in the...

Pengaruh Dimensi E – Servqual, Satisfaction dan Trust terhadap Loyalitas Pengguna Layanan E-Commerce Indonesia (Studi Kasus : Pengguna Layanan E-commerce di Pulau Jawa)

OpenAIRE

Hasanudin, Mochammad; Pujotomo, Darminto; Sriyanto, Sriyanto

2017-01-01

Besarnya peluang dalam dunia e-commerce di Indonesia harus disikapi dengan bijak oleh para pengelola e-commerce yang ada. Menurut data penelitian APJII, tingkat penggunaan layanan e-commerce di Indonesia masih rendah. Rendahnya tingkat pengguna layanan e-commerce ini di indikasikan karena adanya ketidakpuasan pengguna dan adanya persepsi akan buruknya kualitas pelayanan yang diberikan oleh pengelola e-commerce selain itu juga adanya ketakutan pengguna akan tingginya angka kriminal mengenai tr...

Customers repurchase intention formation in e-commerce

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nader S. Safa

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Background: Electronic loyalty (e-loyalty has become important in the context of electronic commerce (e-commerce in recent years. Loyal customers bring long-term revenue to companies and are known to be a valuable asset to them. However, firms lose their customers in a competitive environment on the Internet because of a lack of trust, satisfaction and loyalty. Objectives: This study explains how e-loyalty, e-trust and e-satisfaction form in e-commerce with a focus on customer purchase intention formation. Method: A conceptual framework was formed based upon the literature review. Data were collected from e-customers of online firms in South Africa. After data clarification, confirmatory factor analysis was conducted. The structural equation modelling was applied to test the hypotheses. IBM SPSS AMOS 20 was used for this purpose. Results: Firstly, convenience, customer benefit and enjoyment affect customer satisfaction in e-commerce. In other words, when customers do business activities easily with enjoyment and take benefit, they are satisfied and they will purchase again in future. Secondly, our study demonstrated that customer perception of security, clear shopping process and reliable payment system have a positive relationship with e-trust. Finally, e-satisfaction and e-trust have a positive and strong relationship with e-loyalty formation in e-commerce. Conclusion: The results of the study shed light on important issues relating to e-loyalty formation from a new perspective. Online companies are interested in launching e-loyalty programmes because of the long-term benefits that come from loyal customers. To remain competitive, e-commerce companies should constantly work at enhancing customer trust, satisfaction and loyalty. Keywords: E-commerce; customer satisfaction; trust; loyalty

Analysis of Spatial Pattern and Influencing Factors of E-Commerce

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Y.; Chen, J.; Zhang, S.

2017-09-01

This paper aims to study the relationship between e-commerce development and geographical characteristics using data of e-commerce, economy, Internet, express delivery and population from 2011 to 2015. Moran's I model and GWR model are applied to analyze the spatial pattern of E-commerce and its influencing factors. There is a growth trend of e-commerce from west to east, and it is obvious to see that e-commerce development has a space-time clustering, especially around the Yangtze River delta. The comprehensive factors caculated through PCA are described as fundamental social productivity, resident living standard and population sex structure. The first two factors have positive correlation with e-commerce, and the intensity of effect increases yearly. However, the influence of population sex structure on the E-commerce development is not significant. Our results suggest that the clustering of e-commerce has a downward trend and the impact of driving factors on e-commerce is observably distinct from year to year in space.

Electronic commerce in China:current status, development strategies, and new trends

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

Xiang Junyong; Jing Linbo

2014-01-01

After years of development in China's electronic commerce sector,there has been a drastic increase not only in the number of electronic commerce enterprises and online shoppers,but also in electronic commerce market turnover in China.During this process,the Chinese government has played a key role in establishing legislation and market disciplines for the electronic commerce market.This paper explores policy regarding electronic commerce development in China and analyzes new trends in China's electronic commerce,including the rise of mobile commerce,social commerce,and cross-border electronic commerce,and the booming industries of internet financing and Big Data.This paper aims to provide a better understanding of the development,uniqueness,and trends of electronic commerce in China.In addition,this paper also provides policymakers in China and other developing countries with policy suggestions regarding electronic commerce.

The Direction of Marketing in E-commerce

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

无

2002-01-01

E-commerce is the execution of business transactio ns over the Internet. Companies conducting e-commerce can perform most of the tra nsactions which they are doing now. Most of the marketing method should coincide nt with the changes in e-commerce world. Brand ability will be depressed, but corporate identity and brand identity will be upgraded. So the enterprise should lower the cost of distribution, manufactur ing, and supplying. We can also upgrade the product value which consumer con ceded. Logis...

Customers repurchase intention formation in e-commerce

OpenAIRE

Sohrabi Safa, Nader; von Solms, Rossouw

2016-01-01

Background: Electronic loyalty (e-loyalty) has become important in the context of electronic commerce (e-commerce) in recent years. Loyal customers bring long-term revenue to companies and are known to be a valuable asset to them. However, firms lose their customers in a competitive environment on the Internet because of a lack of trust, satisfaction and loyalty. Objectives: This study explains how e-loyalty, e-trust and e-satisfaction form in e-commerce with a focus on customer purchase ...

Use of e-Commerce in Carpet Industry

OpenAIRE

M. Rashid Malik; Rekha Prasad

2014-01-01

This research study is motivated by the growing use of e-commerce in Indian Industries. ECommerce encompasses all business conducted by the use of Information and communication technology. Many business houses have started implementing the use of e-commerce solutions to conduct their businesses. But carpet industry is lagging behind in the use of this very critical tool as we found in our study only 18% carpet exporters are using e-commerce solutions to sell their products across the borders....

Di-hadron correlations with identified leading hadrons in 200 GeV Au + Au and d + Au collisions at STAR

Science.gov (United States)

Adamczyk, L.; Adkins, J. K.; Agakishiev, G.; Aggarwal, M. M.; Ahammed, Z.; Alekseev, I.; Aparin, A.; Arkhipkin, D.; Aschenauer, E. C.; Averichev, G. S.; Bai, X.; Bairathi, V.; Banerjee, A.; Bellwied, R.; Bhasin, A.; Bhati, A. K.; Bhattarai, P.; Bielcik, J.; Bielcikova, J.; Bland, L. C.; Bordyuzhin, I. G.; Bouchet, J.; Brandenburg, D.; Brandin, A. V.; Bunzarov, I.; Butterworth, J.; Caines, H.; Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, M.; Campbell, J. M.; Cebra, D.; Cervantes, M. C.; Chakaberia, I.; Chaloupka, P.; Chang, Z.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Chen, X.; Chen, J. H.; Cheng, J.; Cherney, M.; Christie, W.; Contin, G.; Crawford, H. J.; Das, S.; De Silva, L. C.; Debbe, R. R.; Dedovich, T. G.; Deng, J.; Derevschikov, A. A.; di Ruzza, B.; Didenko, L.; Dilks, C.; Dong, X.; Drachenberg, J. L.; Draper, J. E.; Du, C. M.; Dunkelberger, L. E.; Dunlop, J. C.; Efimov, L. G.; Engelage, J.; Eppley, G.; Esha, R.; Evdokimov, O.; Eyser, O.; Fatemi, R.; Fazio, S.; Federic, P.; Fedorisin, J.; Feng, Z.; Filip, P.; Fisyak, Y.; Flores, C. E.; Fulek, L.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Garand, D.; Geurts, F.; Gibson, A.; Girard, M.; Greiner, L.; Grosnick, D.; Gunarathne, D. S.; Guo, Y.; Gupta, S.; Gupta, A.; Guryn, W.; Hamad, A.; Hamed, A.; Haque, R.; Harris, J. W.; He, L.; Heppelmann, S.; Heppelmann, S.; Hirsch, A.; Hoffmann, G. W.; Hofman, D. J.; Horvat, S.; Huang, T.; Huang, B.; Huang, H. Z.; Huang, X.; Huck, P.; Humanic, T. J.; Igo, G.; Jacobs, W. W.; Jang, H.; Jia, J.; Jiang, K.; Judd, E. G.; Kabana, S.; Kalinkin, D.; Kang, K.; Kauder, K.; Ke, H. W.; Keane, D.; Kechechyan, A.; Khan, Z. H.; Kikoła, D. P.; Kisiel, A.; Kochenda, L.; Koetke, D. D.; Kosarzewski, L. K.; Kraishan, A. F.; Kravtsov, P.; Krueger, K.; Kumar, L.; Lamont, M. A. C.; Landgraf, J. M.; Landry, K. D.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lednicky, R.; Lee, J. H.; Li, X.; Li, W.; Li, Z. M.; Li, Y.; Li, C.; Li, X.; Lisa, M. A.; Liu, F.; Ljubicic, T.; Llope, W. J.; Lomnitz, M.; Longacre, R. S.; Luo, X.; Ma, G. L.; Ma, Y. G.; Ma, R.; Ma, L.; Magdy, N.; Majka, R.; Manion, A.; Margetis, S.; Markert, C.; Masui, H.; Matis, H. S.; McDonald, D.; Meehan, K.; Mei, J. C.; Minaev, N. G.; Mioduszewski, S.; Mishra, D.; Mohanty, B.; Mondal, M. M.; Morozov, D. A.; Mustafa, M. K.; Nandi, B. K.; Nasim, Md.; Nayak, T. K.; Nigmatkulov, G.; Niida, T.; Nogach, L. V.; Noh, S. Y.; Novak, J.; Nurushev, S. B.; Odyniec, G.; Ogawa, A.; Oh, K.; Okorokov, V.; Olvitt, D.; Page, B. S.; Pak, R.; Pan, Y. X.; Pandit, Y.; Panebratsev, Y.; Pawlik, B.; Pei, H.; Perkins, C.; Peterson, A.; Pile, P.; Pluta, J.; Poniatowska, K.; Porter, J.; Posik, M.; Poskanzer, A. M.; Pruthi, N. K.; Putschke, J.; Qiu, H.; Quintero, A.; Ramachandran, S.; Raniwala, R.; Raniwala, S.; Ray, R. L.; Ritter, H. G.; Roberts, J. B.; Rogachevskiy, O. V.; Romero, J. L.; Roy, A.; Ruan, L.; Rusnak, J.; Rusnakova, O.; Sahoo, N. R.; Sahu, P. K.; Sakrejda, I.; Salur, S.; Sandweiss, J.; Sarkar, A.; Schambach, J.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Schmah, A. M.; Schmidke, W. B.; Schmitz, N.; Seger, J.; Seyboth, P.; Shah, N.; Shahaliev, E.; Shanmuganathan, P. V.; Shao, M.; Sharma, B.; Sharma, M. K.; Shen, W. Q.; Shi, S. S.; Shou, Q. Y.; Sichtermann, E. P.; Sikora, R.; Simko, M.; Singha, S.; Skoby, M. J.; Smirnov, N.; Smirnov, D.; Song, L.; Sorensen, P.; Spinka, H. M.; Srivastava, B.; Stanislaus, T. D. S.; Stepanov, M.; Strikhanov, M.; Stringfellow, B.; Sumbera, M.; Summa, B.; Sun, Y.; Sun, Z.; Sun, X. M.; Sun, X.; Surrow, B.; Svirida, D. N.; Szelezniak, M. A.; Tang, A. H.; Tang, Z.; Tarnowsky, T.; Tawfik, A.; Thomas, J. H.; Timmins, A. R.; Tlusty, D.; Todoroki, T.; Tokarev, M.; Trentalange, S.; Tribble, R. E.; Tribedy, P.; Tripathy, S. K.; Tsai, O. D.; Ullrich, T.; Underwood, D. G.; Upsal, I.; Van Buren, G.; van Nieuwenhuizen, G.; Vandenbroucke, M.; Varma, R.; Vasiliev, A. N.; Vertesi, R.; Videbæk, F.; Viyogi, Y. P.; Vokal, S.; Voloshin, S. A.; Vossen, A.; Wang, J. S.; Wang, F.; Wang, H.; Wang, G.; Wang, Y.; Wang, Y.; Webb, G.; Webb, J. C.; Wen, L.; Westfall, G. D.; Wieman, H.; Wissink, S. W.; Witt, R.; Wu, Y. F.; Wu; Xiao, Z. G.; Xie, W.; Xin, K.; Xu, H.; Xu, Z.; Xu, Q. H.; Xu, Y. F.; Xu, N.; Yang, S.; Yang, Y.; Yang, Q.; Yang, Y.; Yang, C.; Yang, Y.; Ye, Z.; Ye, Z.; Yepes, P.; Yi, L.; Yip, K.; Yoo, I.-K.; Yu, N.; Zbroszczyk, H.; Zha, W.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, Z.; Zhang, J. B.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, X. P.; Zhang, S.; Zhang, J.; Zhao, J.; Zhong, C.; Zhou, L.; Zhu, X.; Zoulkarneeva, Y.

2015-12-01

The STAR Collaboration presents for the first time two-dimensional di-hadron correlations with identified leading hadrons in 200 GeV central Au + Au and minimum-bias d + Au collisions to explore hadronization mechanisms in the quark gluon plasma. The enhancement of the jet-like yield for leading pions in Au + Au data with respect to the d + Au reference and the absence of such an enhancement for leading non-pions (protons and kaons) are discussed within the context of a quark recombination scenario. The correlated yield at large angles, specifically in the ridge region, is found to be significantly higher for leading non-pions than pions. The consistencies of the constituent quark scaling, azimuthal harmonic model and a mini-jet modification model description of the data are tested, providing further constraints on hadronization.

APLIKASI M–COMMERCE BERBASIS ANDROID PADA ZONA KOMPUTER BANJARNEGARA

OpenAIRE

Andi Dwi Riyanto; Khatirudin Ma’arif

2016-01-01

Transaksi bisnis jual beli e-Commerce saat ini memasuki mulai bergeser memanfaatkan perangkat gadget/smartphone. Perkembangan inilah yang disebut dengan m-Commerce, yakni memanfaatkan smartphone untuk melakukan transaksi jual beli barang. Zona Komputer Banjarnegara telah memiliki website e-Commerce. Namun demikian, Zona Komputer berinovasi untuk menjadi yang terdepan dalam melayani konsumen yakni dengan membuat m-Commerce untuk memudahkan pelanggan dalam transaksi jual beli. Metode pengembang...

Getting started with Drupal commerce

CERN Document Server

Jones, Richard

2013-01-01

A simple yet concise step-by-step tutorial that starts from scratch and builds up your knowledge with focused examples that will enable you to set up and run an e-commerce website.This book is for beginners and will take you through the installation and configuration of Drupal Commerce from scratch, but some familiarity with Drupal 7 will be an advantage. All examples are based on development on a local computer - you do not need a hosted Drupal environment.

The Impact of Electronic Commerce on the Development of Nowadays Society: an Economic and a Managerial Perspective – A Case Study on Romania’s Experience

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cristina Raluca Popescu

2015-12-01

Full Text Available The paper entitled “The Impact of Electronic Commerce on the Development of Nowadays Society: an Economic and a Managerial Perspective – A Case Study on Romania’s Experience” presents the electronic commerce with its definitions, historical evolution and importance, it’s the main forms, the advantages and disadvantages of e-commerce, the electronic commerce versus traditional commerce as well as the electronic commerce in Romania. In this research we have emphasised the role and the importance of the e-commerce in comparison with the traditional commerce, stressing the fact that it has many advantages that underpin the on-going development and success of this trade: time; the availability of virtual stores: program almost non-stop, every day of the year; the possibility of free decision; the possibility of purchasing products even outside the borders of the country the buyer; communication, particularly internationally, low cost, the relations with suppliers and customers and its importance for small businesses using e-commerce which can compete with large companies

Pemanfaatan Web E-Commerce untuk Meningkatkan Strategi Pemasaran

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hani Atun Mumtahana

2017-06-01

Full Text Available UMKM merupakan salah satu usaha Mikoro yang memberdayakan Industri Rumahan. UMKM Indonesia meemiliki kontribusi sebersar 15.8% terhadap rantai pasok produksi global di tingkat Asean. Perkembangan UMKM dari tahun ke tahun dipengaruhi dengan pemanfaatan Teknologi Informasi dan Sistem Informasi. E-commerce merupakan salah satu teknologi yang mendukung perkembangan UMKM dan perdagangan saat ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak yang pemanfaatan Teknologi E-Commerce dalam peningkatan strategi pemasaran produksi. Teknologi E-commerce dibangun dengan mengunakan aplikasi berbasis webside, sehingga para pelaku usaha dapat mempromosikan hasil usaha dengan mudah. Sasaran utama pemanfaatan Teknolohi E-commerce ini adalah UMKM Industri Kerajinan Kulit di  Magetan. Dari hasil uji coba dan evaluasi yang dilakukan pada Koperasi Mahasiswa STT Dharma Iswara Madiun, menunjukkan bahwa dengan memanfaatkan Teknologi E-commerce memenuhi strategi pemasaran produk yang dapat berdampak pada peningkatan pendapatan.

Di-hadron correlations with identified leading hadrons in 200 GeV Au+Au and d+Au collisions at STAR

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

L. Adamczyk

2015-12-01

Full Text Available The STAR Collaboration presents for the first time two-dimensional di-hadron correlations with identified leading hadrons in 200 GeV central Au+Au and minimum-bias d+Au collisions to explore hadronization mechanisms in the quark gluon plasma. The enhancement of the jet-like yield for leading pions in Au+Au data with respect to the d+Au reference and the absence of such an enhancement for leading non-pions (protons and kaons are discussed within the context of a quark recombination scenario. The correlated yield at large angles, specifically in the ridge region, is found to be significantly higher for leading non-pions than pions. The consistencies of the constituent quark scaling, azimuthal harmonic model and a mini-jet modification model description of the data are tested, providing further constraints on hadronization.

Di-hadron correlations with identified leading hadrons in 200 GeV Au + Au and d + Au collisions at STAR

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Adamczyk, L; Adkins, JK; Agakishiev, G; Aggarwal, MM; Ahammed, Z; Alekseev, I; Aparin, A; Arkhipkin, D; Aschenauer, EC; Averichev, GS; Bai, X; Bairathi, V; Banerjee, A; Bellwied, R; Bhasin, A; Bhati, AK; Bhattarai, P; Bielcik, J; Bielcikova, J; Bland, LC; Bordyuzhin, IG; Bouchet, J; Brandenburg, D; Brandin, AV; Bunzarov, I; Butterworth, J; Caines, H; Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, M; Campbell, JM; Cebra, D; Cervantes, MC; Chakaberia, I; Chaloupka, P; Chang, Z; Chattopadhyay, S; Chen, X; Chen, JH; Cheng, J; Cherney, M; Christie, W; Contin, G; Crawford, HJ; Das, S; De Silva, LC; Debbe, RR; Dedovich, TG; Deng, J; Derevschikov, AA; di Ruzza, B; Didenko, L; Dilks, C; Dong, X; Drachenberg, JL; Draper, JE; Du, CM; Dunkelberger, LE; Dunlop, JC; Efimov, LG; Engelage, J; Eppley, G; Esha, R; Evdokimov, O; Eyser, O; Fatemi, R; Fazio, S; Federic, P; Fedorisin, J; Feng, Z; Filip, P; Fisyak, Y; Flores, CE; Fulek, L; Gagliardi, CA; Garand, D; Geurts, F; Gibson, A; Girard, M; Greiner, L; Grosnick, D; Gunarathne, DS; Guo, Y; Gupta, S; Gupta, A; Guryn, W; Hamad, A; Hamed, A; Haque, R; Harris, JW; He, L; Heppelmann, S; Heppelmann, S; Hirsch, A; Hoffmann, GW; Hofman, DJ; Horvat, S; Huang, T; Huang, B; Huang, HZ; Huang, X; Huck, P

2015-10-23

The STAR Collaboration presents for the first time two-dimensional di-hadron correlations with identified leading hadrons in 200 GeV central Au + Au and minimum-bias d + Au collisions to explore hadronization mechanisms in the quark gluon plasma. The enhancement of the jet-like yield for leading pions in Au + Au data with respect to the d + Au reference and the absence of such an enhancement for leading non-pions (protons and kaons) are discussed within the context of a quark recombination scenario. The correlated yield at large angles, specifically in the ridge region, is found to be significantly higher for leading non-pions than pions. The consistencies of the constituent quark scaling, azimuthal harmonic model and a mini-jet modification model description of the data are tested, providing further constraints on hadronization.

ANALYSIS OF SPATIAL PATTERN AND INFLUENCING FACTORS OF E-COMMERCE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Y. Zhang

2017-09-01

Full Text Available This paper aims to study the relationship between e-commerce development and geographical characteristics using data of e-commerce, economy, Internet, express delivery and population from 2011 to 2015. Moran’s I model and GWR model are applied to analyze the spatial pattern of E-commerce and its influencing factors. There is a growth trend of e-commerce from west to east, and it is obvious to see that e-commerce development has a space-time clustering, especially around the Yangtze River delta. The comprehensive factors caculated through PCA are described as fundamental social productivity, resident living standard and population sex structure. The first two factors have positive correlation with e-commerce, and the intensity of effect increases yearly. However, the influence of population sex structure on the E-commerce development is not significant. Our results suggest that the clustering of e-commerce has a downward trend and the impact of driving factors on e-commerce is observably distinct from year to year in space.

Factor-structure of economic growth in E-commerce

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

吴隽; 刘洪久; 栾天行

2003-01-01

In order to analyze the factors having effect on economic growth of E-commerce, the economic growthprocess of E-commerce is divided into three stages; growth stage, stabilization stage and re-growth stage. Thesethree different stages are analysed using several economic growth theories, a set of factor-structure is proposedfor each stage of the economic growth process of E-commerce.

Traditional Commerce Versus Electronic Commerce: A Case Study Under The Logistics Costs Management View

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcos Antônio de Souza

2014-08-01

Full Text Available The aim of this article is to see how a large Brazilian company of the retail sector makes the measurement and analysis of logistics costs of both its physical operations (traditional trade as their virtual transactions (e-commerce. The research has been conducted in the contributions of strategic cost management for business sustainability. This is an unique descriptive case study, with a qualitative approach, performed in the 2nd half of 2013. Data were collected through interviews, document analysis and in situ observations. Data analyzes occurred by comparative interpretations. The main results showed no significant differences in the analysis and measurement of logistics costs between the two forms of trading. This can be explained partly by the fact that the company does not deal with electronic commerce differently in relation to the management of logistics costs. That is, both the operations of the virtual store as physical stores share the same logistics structure. Additional logistics costs in e-commerce are offset by higher margin practiced in this business model.

The energy broadening resulting from electron stripping process of a low energy Au- beam

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Taniike, Akira; Sasao, Mamiko; Hamada, Yasuji; Fujita, Junji; Wada, Motoi.

1994-12-01

Energy loss spectra of Au + ions produced from Au - ions by electron stripping in He, Ar, Kr and Xe have been measured in the impact energy range of 24-44 keV. The energy broadening of the Au + beam increases as the beam energy increases, and the spectrum shows a narrower energy width for heavy target atoms. The dependence of the spectrum width upon the beam energy and that upon the target mass are well described by the calculation based on the unified potential and semi-classical internal energy transfer model of Firsov's. (author)

Opportunity and Implications of Grocery E-Commerce

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Vangkilde, Mads

2005-01-01

Purpose: To incorporate the element of sustainability of advantages into the concept ofFirst-Mover Advantage for analysis on grocery e-commerce. Grocery e-commerce is a relatively unexplored phenomenon in Denmark and I seek to explain this via the concept of FMA. In order to fully understand...... and coupled with previous empirical findings on grocery e-commerce. Findings: a) Providing insights into the concept of first- mover advantage, b) sustainability of advantages and c) providing a framework for analysis on advantages sought by acting entrepreneurial. Value: The applicability of the concept...... of first-mover advantage is very descriptive to date. With thispaper and hopefully more to follow, I wish to transform the FMA concepts into a tool for analysis addressing the very crucial element that is not dealt with today -sustainability.Keywords : First-Mover Advantage; e-commerce; grocery industry...

Designing a Virtual Center for E-Commerce

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Doina ROSCA

2010-08-01

Full Text Available In the actual context of developing digital services, the promotion of a system that manages multiple e-commerce sites can be extremely valuable in increasing the economic effects for the companies. This paper presents the current stage of the experimental system design and implementation, an open system website-based (called Single Way for E-Commerce - SWEC having the goal to collaborate with many database servers of the companies that offer e-commerce sevices and also to interract with electronic payment and e-administration systems. This new approach allows the clients, after them authentication, to navigate on e-commerce websites and search different products, grouping on domains, companies and geographic areas. SWEC System will offer to the customer the opportunity to visualize and compare similar products, to order and receive a single invoice for all the products he wants to buy.

Shari’ah-Compliant E-Commerce Models and Consumer Trust

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Muhammad Kholifatul I Ardiansyah

2016-07-01

Full Text Available This study is aimed at finding out the real picture of Shari’ah-compliant E-commerce model and consumer trust in e-commerce today, analyzing its drawbacks, and finding out how they influence each other. Shari'ah-compliant E-commerce model is a model that describes how e-commerce should run in accordance with the provisions of the Shari’ah. Broadly speaking, e-commerce in the perspective of Shari’ah must comply with some rules, namely: 1. the form of the offer and transaction agreement; 2. the transacting parties (buyers and sellers; 3. Objects and prices in the transaction; 4. Free from major prohibitions in transactions. The sample in this study is Indonesian citizen who are consumers of e-commerce. This research uses descriptive and statistical methods with multiple linear regression model. This model is considered relevant and good to be studied in order to enlighten how e-commerce is currently in the perspective of IslamDOI: 10.15408/aiq.v8i2.2913

Information Asymmetries as Trade Barriers: ISO 9000 Increases International Commerce

Science.gov (United States)

Potoski, Matthew; Prakash, Aseem

2009-01-01

Spatial, cultural, and linguistic barriers create information asymmetries between buyers and sellers that impede international trade. The International Organization for Standardization's ISO 9000 program is designed to reduce these information asymmetries by providing assurance about the product quality of firms that receive its certification.…

Marketing mix for e-commerce

OpenAIRE

Pogorelova, E. V.; Yakhneeva, I. V.; Agafonova, A. N.; Prokubovskaya, A. O.

2016-01-01

The relevance of the analyzed issue is caused by the need to study the process of transformation of marketing in e-commerce, as the active involvement of business organizations in the field of e-business is often accompanied by problems of applying the usual marketing tools in a virtual environment. The article seeks to identify changes in the elements of the marketing mix in e-commerce in accordance with the trend of e-business and Internet technology. The leading approach to the study of th...

The Future of Traditional Commerce

OpenAIRE

Iancu Eugenia

2017-01-01

The paper presents the concept that seems to be getting more and more bigger, namely electronic commerce. The theme is a debate about what the world of commerce means and attracts through its timeliness. Entry into the third millennium has triggered one of the greatest changes in our daily lives - the move towards an Internet-based society. But one of the most significant changes is manifested in the way business is conducted, especially in the way to lead and manage markets and in the way...

Construction and Arena Simulation of Grid M-Commerce Process

OpenAIRE

Danqing Li; Dan Chang

2012-01-01

With the rapid development and the wide use of mobile technology, m-commerce research has gradually become the focus of scholars. Difficulties exist in m-commerce, such as information sharing, business collaboration, and process reengineering. Grid management, a new managerial concept, has the potential of being a powerful weapon that affects the study on m-commerce process. This study systematically analyzes the traditional m-commerce process and its problems. On that basis, this paper const...

Have SMEs Benefited from E-Commerce?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Simpson Poon

2002-11-01

Full Text Available Recently there has been a surge in research projects on how small and medium enterprises (SMEs use E-Commerce/E-Business for business purposes. These include a mixture of academic, industry and government studies. The outcomes have presented a mixed message. While there are anecdotal success stories, SMEs found their E-Commerce/E-Business endeavours successful to a point but face difficulties in achieving many speculations portrayed by the media and visionaries. In this paper, I try to address the issue based on published works in the domain of E-Commerce/E-Business adoption among SMEs. The answer may lie in a more refined research strategy and consolidation of research outcomes. Lessons from EDI adoption might be useful to formulate impetus to further adoption.

M-Commerce: Global Experiences and Perspectives

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Dholakia, Nikhilesh; Rask, Morten; Dholakia, Ruby

-Pacific - and highlights several countries from each region. These countries are significant because of their large existing base of mobile telecom users, their future potential, their innovativeness in mobile telecom technology development, and their leadership in launching new mobile applications. M-Commerce: Global...... Experiences and Perspectives contains chapters from authors of many countries, and while each chapter examines a specific country in-depth, all the chapters use a common integrative framework called the CLIP (communications, locatability, information provision, and payment processing) application......M-Commerce: Global Experiences and Perspectives focuses on the emerging growth of mobile telecommunications and mobile commerce around the world. To provide a global perspective, this book describes approaches from three major regions of the world - North America, Europe, and Asia...

New Rage on Campus: E-Commerce Degrees.

Science.gov (United States)

Dobbs, Kevin

1999-01-01

As electronic commerce expands, higher education attempts to keep up with the demand for instruction. Some universities have added a concentration in e-commerce to their master of business administration program and others are adding majors, certifications, or degrees. (JOW)

E-commerce Review System to Detect False Reviews.

Science.gov (United States)

Kolhar, Manjur

2017-08-15

E-commerce sites have been doing profitable business since their induction in high-speed and secured networks. Moreover, they continue to influence consumers through various methods. One of the most effective methods is the e-commerce review rating system, in which consumers provide review ratings for the products used. However, almost all e-commerce review rating systems are unable to provide cumulative review ratings. Furthermore, review ratings are influenced by positive and negative malicious feedback ratings, collectively called false reviews. In this paper, we proposed an e-commerce review system framework developed using the cumulative sum method to detect and remove malicious review ratings.

Le rôle des chefs traditionnels au Ghana : un modèle inspirant ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

8 févr. 2011 ... Avec ses partenaires du Sud, avec aussi le soutien du Centre de recherches pour le développement international ( CRDI ), organisme canadien, Ray a étudié le rôle des chefs traditionnels au Ghana dans la lutte contre le VIH et le sida. Les collectivités politiques antérieures au colonialisme sont une ...

Les frontières de la violence au Kenya

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Claire Médard

2008-03-01

Full Text Available Au cours des violences post électorales récentes, au Kenya, de nombreux observateurs ont été surpris par la forme prise par les protestations partisanes. Elle nous rappelle que la fabrique territoriale de l’ethnicité est toujours d’actualité dans ce pays. La réactivation de frontières internes qui portent la marque des violences du passé, certaines héritées de la colonisation et d’autres renégociées depuis l’indépendance, ont mis en péril l’Etat.During the recent post electoral crisis in Kenya, the turn of the protest took many by surprise. We were reminded that the making of ethnicity is on ongoing process in which violence plays a part. New boundaries have appeared, re-enacting old divisions and creating new rifts. Once the mark of administration, internal boundaries now threaten the existence of the State.

Investment in Electronic Commerce: Financial Perspectives and Profit Conditions

OpenAIRE

Bergendahl, Göran

2002-01-01

Electronic Commerce ("eCommerce") is a concept for trade based upon products and services that are being marketed, contracted, and paid for over the Internet. Consequently, electronic commerce demands for the investment in computer systems, marketing, logistics and payments. This paper will focus on the profitability of investments in eCommerce with a special focus on outlays for information technology systems and sales management. If the services are made more standardized, if they do not ch...

The impact of e-commerce on warehouse operations

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wiktor Żuchowski

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Background: We often encounter opinions concerning the unusual nature of warehouses used for the purposes of e-commerce, most often spread by providers of modern technological equipment and designers of such solutions. Of course, in the case of newly built facilities, it is advisable to consider innovative technologies, especially in terms of order picking. However, in many cases, the differences between "standard" warehouses, serving, for example, the vehicle spare parts market, and warehouses that are ready to handle retail orders placed electronically (defined as e-commerce are negligible. The scale of the differences between the existing "standard" warehouses and those adapted to handle e-commerce is dependent on the industry and supported of customers' structure. Methods: On the basis of experiences and on examples of enterprises two cases of the impact of a hypothetical e-commerce implementation for the warehouse organization and technology have been analysed. Results: The introduction of e-commerce into warehouses entails respective changes to previously handled orders. Warehouses serving the retail market are in principle prepared to process electronic orders. In this case, the introduction of (direct electronic sales is justified and feasible with relatively little effort. Conclusions: It cannot be said with certainty that the introduction of e-commerce in the warehouse is a revolution for its employees and managers. It depends on the markets in which the company operates, and on customers served by the warehouse prior to the introduction of e-commerce.

Business-To-Consumer E-Commerce In Japan: Implications For Marketers

OpenAIRE

Victoria Seitz; Nabil Razzouk; Haruyoshi Takaoka

2011-01-01

The purpose of this study was to determine Japanese consumers B2C e-commerce purchases, their attitudes toward e-commerce, and the attributes that affect their Internet patronage among Japanese e-commerce businesses. Findings from a survey among 112 Japanese respondents indicated that most had made online purchases in the past and intended to use e-commerce in the future. Respondents reported that convenience was the primary advantage of e-commerce, while security issues were the major disadv...

Three-particle correlations from parton cascades in Au+Au collisions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ma, G.L.; Ma, Y.G.; Zhang, S.; Cai, X.Z.; Chen, J.H.; He, Z.J.; Huang, H.Z.; Long, J.L.; Shen, W.Q.; Shi, X.H.; Zhong, C.; Zuo, J.X.

2007-01-01

We present a study of three-particle correlations among a trigger particle and two associated particles in Au+Au collisions at s NN =200 GeV using a multi-phase transport model (AMPT) with both partonic and hadronic interactions. We found that three-particle correlation densities in different angular directions with respect to the triggered particle ('center', 'cone', 'deflected', 'near' and 'near-away') increase with the number of participants. The ratio of 'deflected' to 'cone' density approaches to 1.0 with the increasing of number of participants, which indicates that partonic Mach-like shock waves can be produced by strong parton cascades in central Au+Au collisions

L'accès au savoir en Afrique : Le rôle du droit d'auteur | IDRC ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

12 déc. 2011 ... L'ouvrage s'inspire des travaux du projet Droit d'auteur et accès au savoir en ... est chercheur invité au LINK Centre de la Graduate School of Public and ... cities were discussed at ADAPTO's second international workshop.

76 FR 56865 - U.S. Department of State Advisory Committee on Private International Law (ACPIL): Public Meeting...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-09-14

... International Law (ACPIL): Public Meeting on Electronic Commerce The Department of State, Office of Legal... future work of Working Group IV (international electronic commerce) of the United Nations Commission on... electronic commerce. The report of the Forty-fourth session of UNCITRAL describes the future work of Group IV...

E-Commerce Audit Judgment Expertise: Does Expertise in System Change Management and Information Technology Auditing Mediate E-Commerce Audit Judgment Expertise?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jagdish PATHAK

2010-01-01

Full Text Available A global survey of 203 E-commerce auditors was conducted to investigate the perceptions about the potential determinants of expertise in E-commerce audits. We hypothesize and find evidence indicating that information technology and communication expertise are positively related to expertise in E-commerce audit judgment. We also find that system change management expertise and information technology audit expertise mediate this relationship.

Information Requirements and Consumer Protection in Future M-Commerce

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Cleff, Evelyne Beatrix; Henschel, Rene Franz

2006-01-01

The aim of this article is to discuss information requirements and consumer protection in mobile commerce. On the basis of a brief introduction to the characteristics of mobile commerce and the regulatory framework that governs mobile commerce in the European Union today, the article presents...

Solvent extraction of Au(III) for preparation of a carrier-free multitracer and an Au tracer from an Au target

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Weginwar, R.G.; Kobayashi, Y.; Ambe, S.; Liu, B.; Enomoto, S.; Ambe, F.

1996-01-01

Separation of Au(III) and various carrier-free radionuclides by solvent extraction was investigated using an Au target irradiated by an energetic heavy-ion beam. Percentage extraction of Au(III) and coextraction of the radionuclides were determined with varying parameters such as kinds of solvent, molarity of HCl or pH, and Au concentration. Under the conditions where Au(III) was effectively extracted, namely extraction with ethyl acetate or isobutyl methyl ketone from 3 mol*dm -3 HCl, carrier-free radionuclides of many elements were found to be more or less coextracted. Coextraction of radionuclides of some elements was found to increase with an increase in the concentration of Au(III). This finding is ascribed to the formation of strong association of the complex of these elements with chloroauric acid. In order to avoid serious loss of these elements by the extraction, lowering of the Au(III) concentration or the use of a masking agent such as sodium citrate is necessary. Gold(III) was shown to be effectively back extracted with a 0.1 mol*dm -3 aqueous solution of 2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol. Thus, a radiochemical procedure has been established for preparing a carrier-free multitracer and an Au tracer with carrier form from an Au target irradiated with a heavy-ion beam. Both tracers are now used individually for chemical and biological experiments. (author). 22 refs., 3 figs., 2 tabs

Fermi surfaces properties of AuAl2, AuGa2, and AuIn2 with the CaF2-type cubic structure

Science.gov (United States)

Nishimura, K.; Kakihana, M.; Suzuki, F.; Yara, T.; Hedo, M.; Nakama, T.; Ōnuki, Y.; Harima, H.

2018-05-01

We grew high-quality single crystals of AuAl2, AuGa2, and AuIn2 with the fluorite (CaF2)-type cubic structure and determined the Fermi surface properties by the de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) experiments using full-potential LAPW bad calculations. The Fermi surface and optical properties for three compounds were once studied from an interest of colors because AuAl2 has a striking bright reddish-purple color, whereas AuGa2 and AuIn2 are, respectively, neutral and bluish. The detected dHvA frequencies in the present study are found to be in a wide range of (0.1-13)×107 Oe. The main dHvA branches for three compounds are in excellent agreement with the theoretical ones, but some dHvA branches with small dHvA frequencies are slightly deviated from the theoretical ones, especially in AuGa2 and AuIn2.

ANALYSIS OF SPATIAL PATTERN AND INFLUENCING FACTORS OF E-COMMERCE

OpenAIRE

Y. Zhang; J. Chen; S. Zhang

2017-01-01

This paper aims to study the relationship between e-commerce development and geographical characteristics using data of e-commerce, economy, Internet, express delivery and population from 2011 to 2015. Moran’s I model and GWR model are applied to analyze the spatial pattern of E-commerce and its influencing factors. There is a growth trend of e-commerce from west to east, and it is obvious to see that e-commerce development has a space-time clustering, especially around the Yangtze R...

Five reasons to join local Chamber of Commerce and Industry

OpenAIRE

Verbovskii, Vladislav; Kosov, Vladimir; Chaika (Chayka), Yuliya Aleksandrovna

2016-01-01

The article describes five useful things that Chamber of Commerce and Industry membership may give to business owners after joining it. These things are the reasons to become a part of business community formed by Chambers of Commerce that may be considered by those business owner who are deciding whether to join Chamber of Commerce or not. Mentioned reasons are given with examples related to Tomsk Chamber of Commerce and Industry and are relevant to any Chamber of Commerce located in Russian...

Seed-mediated growth and manipulation of Au nanorods via size-controlled synthesis of Au seeds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu Juncheng; Duggan, Jennifer N.; Morgan, Joshua; Roberts, Christopher B.

2012-01-01

Seed-mediated growth of gold (Au) nanorods with highly controllable length, width, and aspect ratio was accomplished via carefully size-controlled synthesis of the original Au seeds. A slow dynamic growth of Au nanoparticle seeds was observed after reduction of the Au salt (i.e., hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (III) hydrate) by sodium borohydride (NaBH 4 ) in the presence of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB). As such, the size of the Au nanoparticle seeds can therefore be manipulated through control over the duration of the reaction period (i.e., aging times of 2, 8, 48, 72, and 144 h were used in this study). These differently sized Au nanoparticles were subsequently used as seeds for the growth of Au nanorods, where the additions of Au salt, CTAB, AgNO 3 , and ascorbic acid were employed. Smaller Au nanoparticle seeds obtained via short growth/aging time resulted in Au nanorods with higher aspect ratio and thus longer longitudinal surface plasmon wavelength (LSPW). The larger Au nanoparticle seeds obtained via longer growth/aging time resulted in Au nanorods with lower aspect ratio and shorter LSPW.

A Service-Oriented E-Commerce Reference Architecture

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Aulkemeier, Fabian; Schramm, Milan; Iacob, Maria Eugenia; van Hillegersberg, Jos

2016-01-01

Electronic commerce (e-commerce) is getting more and more important in people's every day shopping routines. Vendors who want to establish an online channel besides their traditional retail practice have to integrate the two supply chains. The underlying information technology systems should be able

E-Commerce and Privacy: Conflict and Opportunity.

Science.gov (United States)

Farah, Badie N.; Higby, Mary A.

2001-01-01

Electronic commerce has intensified conflict between businesses' need to collect data and customers' desire to protect privacy. Web-based privacy tools and legislation could add to the costs of e-commerce and reduce profitability. Business models not based on profiling customers may be needed. (SK)

Regulasi Hukum Dalam Transaksi E-Commerce: Menuju Optimalisasi Pemanfaatan Teknologi Informasi

OpenAIRE

Riswandi, Budi Agus

2002-01-01

The development of informational technology have appeared new transaction pattern that is called electronic commerce (e-commerce). E-commerce is a transaction pattern which uses technology of information. Through e-commerce transaction, it gained much of things economically. But if it is viewed from jurisdical side, the e-commerce transaction model still have problem in law. Regulation of law support for optimalisation of utility thetechonology of information, especially in the e-commerce the...

E-commerce trend and E-customer analyzing : Online Shopping

OpenAIRE

Dong, Zhe

2017-01-01

Tracing to the history of e-commerce, in the beginning it only shared documents or electronic files through electronic networks, but in the later years it emerged large amount of individuals sharing electronic documents with other people. When e-commerce appeared, many people would like to select and purchase products through typical websites or other e-commerce monitors. China is one of the largest e-commerce markets in the world, it has from the small retailors developed to the biggest ...

Spam:One Puzzled Problem for E-Commerce

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

FU Qiansheng; YANG Jingmin

2004-01-01

E-commerce has advantages of low bargaining cost, full field service, and convenient. Its development forms and promotes the key factor of the global economic growth, and the security problem of e-commerce becomes more and more important thereupon. It is the subject of a great meaning to structure the safe, convenient e-commerce running environment. The task of anti-spam is a concrete content among them. This paper discusses the source and danger of spam, and the precautionary and radical cure measures of spam are put forwarded, and the technologies of the anti-spam are discussed especially.

Plunkett's E-Commerce & Internet Business Almanac 2012 E-Commerce & Internet Business Industry Market Research, Statistics, Trends & Leading Companies

CERN Document Server

Plunkett, Jack W

2012-01-01

Market research guide to the e-commerce and Internet business-a tool for strategic planning, competitive intelligence, employment searches or financial research. Contains trends analysis, globalization, trade, statistical tables and an industry glossary. Includes our profiles of nearly 450 top e-commerce and internet industry firms, featuring addresses, phone numbers and executive names.

SMEs' E-commerce Adoption

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Scupola, Ada

2009-01-01

Purpose - Proposes providing an insight about factors affecting business-to-business e-commerce adoption and implementation in small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), highlighting similarities and differences between Danish and Australian SMEs.    Design/methodology/approach - The research...... conducted in Danish and Australian companies. Findings - The findings both corroborate previous results about significant factors affecting SMEs' b-to-b e-commerce adoption and implementation and provide new, interesting insights. The study also finds many similarities and differences between Denmark...... and Australia.  Research limitations/implications - The main limitation relates to the difficulty of generalization of the findings to a larger population of SMEs.  To overcome this, a statistical survey is planned to be conducted in the future. Practical implications - The results of the empirical research...

Recherche et renforcement des capacités au profit des collectivités ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Le CRDI lance un nouveau projet dans la région de l'ANASE. L'honorable Chrystia Freeland, ministre du Commerce international, a annoncé le lancement d'un nouveau projet financé par le Centre de recherches pour le développement international (CRDI). Voir davantageLe CRDI lance un nouveau projet dans la région ...

Controlled Synthesis of Au@AgAu Yolk-Shell Cuboctahedra with Well-Defined Facets.

Science.gov (United States)

Londono-Calderon, Alejandra; Bahena, Daniel; Yacaman, Miguel J

2016-08-02

The synthesis of Au@AgAu yolk-shell cuboctahedra nanoparticles formed by galvanic replacement in a seed-mediated method is described. Initially, single-crystal Au seeds are used for the formation of Au@Ag core-shell nanocubes, which serve as the template material for the deposition of an external Au layer. The well-controlled synthesis yields the formation of cuboctahedra nanoparticles with smooth inner and outer Au/Ag surfaces. The deposition/oxidation process is described to understand the formation of cuboctahedra and octahedra nanoparticles. The Au core maintains the initial morphology of the seed and remains static at the center of the yolk-shell because of residual Ag. Structural analysis of the shell indicates intrinsic stacking faults (SFs) near the surface. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) compositional analysis show an Au-Ag nonordered alloy forming the shell. The three-dimensional structure of the nanoparticles presented open facets on the [111] as observed by electron tomography SIRT reconstruction over a stack of high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) images. The geometrical model was validated by analyzing the direction of streaks in coherent nanobeam diffraction (NBD). The catalytic activity was evaluated using a model reaction based on the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NTP) by NaBH4 in the presence of Au@AgAu yolk-shell nanoparticles.

Controlled synthesis of PbS-Au nanostar-nanoparticle heterodimers and cap-like Au nanoparticles

Science.gov (United States)

Zhao, Nana; Li, Lianshan; Huang, Teng; Qi, Limin

2010-11-01

Uniform PbS-Au nanostar-nanoparticle heterodimers consisting of one Au nanoparticle grown on one horn of a well-defined six-horn PbS nanostar were prepared using the PbS nanostars as growth substrates for the selective deposition of Au nanoparticles. The size of the Au nanoparticles on the horns of the PbS nanostars could be readily adjusted by changing the PbS concentration for the deposition of Au nanoparticles. An optimum cetyltrimethylammonium bromide concentration and temperature were essential for the selective deposition of uniform Au nanoparticles on single horns of the PbS nanostars. Unusual PbS-Au nanoframe-nanoparticle heterodimers were obtained by etching the PbS-Au nanostar-nanoparticle heterodimers with oxalic acid while novel cap-like Au nanoparticles were obtained by etching with hydrochloric acid. The obtained heterodimeric nanostructures and cap-like nanoparticles are promising candidates for anisotropic nanoscale building blocks for the controllable assembly of useful, complex architectures.

Designing a Secure E-commerce with Credential Purpose-based Access Control

OpenAIRE

Norjihan Abdul Ghani; Harihodin Selamat; Zailani Mohamed Sidek

2014-01-01

The rapid growth of e-commerce has created a great opportunities for both businesses and end users. The essential e-commerce process is required for the successful operation and management of e-commerce activities. One of the processes is access control and security. E-commerce must establish a secure access between the parties in an e-commerce transaction by authenticating users, authorizing access, and enforcing security features. The e-commerce application must authorize access to only tho...

How Does Amino Acid Ligand Modulate Au Core Structure and Characteristics in Peptide Coated Au Nanocluster?

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Nan; Li, Xu; Zhao, Hongkang; Zhao, Lina

2018-03-01

The atomic structures and the corresponding physicochemical properties of peptide coated Au nanoclusters determine their distinctive biological targeting applications. To learn the modulation of amino acid ligand on the atomic structure and electronic characteristics of coated Au core is the fundamental knowledge for peptide coated Au nanocluster design and construction. Based on our recent coated Au nanocluster configuration study (Nanoscale, 2016, 8, 11454), we built the typically simplified Au13(Cys-Au-Cys) system to more clearly learn the basic modulation information of amino acid ligand on Au core by the density functional theory (DFT) calculations. There are two isomers as ligand adjacent bonding (Iso1) and diagonal bonding (Iso2) to Au13 cores. The geometry optimizations indicate the adjacent bonding Iso1 is more stable than Iso2. More important, the Au13 core of Iso1 distorts much more significantly than that of Iso2 by Cys-Au-Cys bonding through the root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) analysis, which modulate their electronic characteristics in different ways. In addition, the frontier molecular orbital results of Au13(Cys-Au-Cys) isomers confirm that the Au cores mainly determine the blue shifts of Au13(Cys-Au-Cys) systems versus the original Au13 core in their UV-visible absorption spectrum studies. The configuration of Au13 core performs deformation under Cys-Au-Cys ligand modulation to reach new stability with distinct atomic structure and electronic properties, which could be the theory basis for peptide coated AuNCs design and construction.

29 CFR 779.103 - Employees “engaged in commerce.”

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Employees âengaged in commerce.â 779.103 Section 779.103... and Individual Coverage Employees Engaged in Commerce Or in the Production of Goods for Commerce § 779.103 Employees “engaged in commerce.” Employees are “engaged in commerce” within the meaning of the Act...

Libraries and E-Commerce: Improving Information Services and Beyond.

Science.gov (United States)

Harris, Lesley Ellen

2000-01-01

Explains e-commerce and discusses how it can be used by special libraries. Highlights include library goals; examples of successful uses of e-commerce; how e-commerce can improve information services, including access to information, new information resources, delivery of information, and broadening information markets; and developing an…

27 CFR 479.192 - Commerce in firearms and ammunition.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Commerce in firearms and..., AND CERTAIN OTHER FIREARMS Other Laws Applicable § 479.192 Commerce in firearms and ammunition. For provisions relating to commerce in firearms and ammunition, including the movement of destructive devices...

Study on the Development of Yunnan Floral E-commerce

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

Yulan; KUANG; Qifang; LI; Wangyun; NING

2013-01-01

Cut flower production in Yunnan accounts for 80%nationwide.In order to expand the Yunnan Flower sales channels,the promotion of the development of e-commerce is necessary.In 2012 China’s online shopping users reached 247 million people,but e-commerce of fresh flowers lagged behind due to the constraints of preservation facilities and logistics cost.The analysis of the factors restricting the development of floral e-commerce and the proposition of solutions to this problem can promote faster development of Yunnan floral e-commerce.

The emerging geography of e-commerce in British retailing

OpenAIRE

Clarke, GP; Thompson, C; Birkin, M

2015-01-01

This paper explores the growth of e-commerce in British grocery retailing and examines the spatial variations in e-commerce usage. The main data source is a large commercial consumer survey (Acxiom’s Research Opinion Data) rarely used by academics to date. Using these data in combination with census data, the paper addresses a number of key questions. After outlining key trends in the dataset on e-commerce usage (by product and over time) the first research question is: How do e-commerce purc...

Reducing e-commerce risks using digital certificates

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Piščević Miloš

2009-01-01

Full Text Available E-commerce means buying and selling goods and services across the Internet. Secured communication in e-commerce, across unsecured medium, such as the Internet, represents one of the major components in a domain of providing necessary security- critical demands, so the flow of information could go in a secure way. The Internet, as a global computer network must provide five major security services: confidentiality, data integrity, authentication, availability, and non-repudiation of information. Without guaranteeing aformentioned security goals, risks may be very high in e-commerce systems. A possible way to reduce these risks is to use digital certificates. Digital certificates provide a means of proving identity in electronic transactions, and from the point of view of computer communication they are irreplacable, but nevertheless they provide a good mechanism for implementing the major part of this security goal, and therefore, their usage in e-commerce is the major topic of this paper.

Application of Component Technology to E-commerce System

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

ZHU Jianfeng

2004-01-01

At present E-commerce system tends to become more complex, and traditional system designing methods can not fufil the need of E-commerce system, thus requiring an effective methodas solution. With this concern, this paper introduces some concepts of component technology, then brings forward the new connotation and basic features of component technology through the analysis of its technological character. This paper finally discusses the application of component technology to E-commerce system.

The Research of Design Based on Social Commerce

OpenAIRE

Juhua Wu; Meng Xu; Zan Mo; Luo Liao

2015-01-01

Based on previous design theories which focus only on artifacts, we study the factors of social commerce design with application environment and human capabilities. By comparing social commerce design model and information model, we develop a new social commerce design model, further exploring user requirements after shopping, including the exploration of brand community, sharing offline social shopping experience and the improvement of user social skills. According to the new model, we revea...

User acceptance of mobile commerce: an empirical study in Macau

Science.gov (United States)

Lai, Ivan K. W.; Lai, Donny C. F.

2014-06-01

This study aims to examine the positive and negative factors that can significantly explain user acceptance of mobile commerce (m-commerce) in Macau. A technology acceptance model for m-commerce with five factors is constructed. The proposed model is tested using data collected from 219 respondents. Confirmatory factor analysis is performed to examine the reliability and validity of the model, and structural equation modelling is performed to access the relationship between behaviour intention and each factor. The acceptance of m-commerce is influenced by factors including performance expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions and privacy concern; while effort expectancy is insignificant in this case. The results of the study are useful for m-commerce service providers to adjust their strategies for promoting m-commerce services. This study contributes to the practice by providing a user technology acceptance model for m-commerce that can be used as a foundation for future research.

Au pair trajectories

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Dalgas, Karina Märcher

2015-01-01

pair-sending families in the Philippines, this dissertation examines the long-term trajectories of these young Filipinas. It shows how the au pairs’ local and transnational family relations develop over time and greatly influence their life trajectories. A focal point of the study is how au pairs...... that Filipina au pairs see their stay abroad as an avenue of personal development and social recognition, I examine how the au pairs re-position themselves within their families at home through migration, and how they navigate between the often conflicting expectations of participation in the sociality......Since 2000, thousands of young Filipino migrants have come to Denmark as au pairs. Officially, they are there to “broaden their cultural horizons” by living temporarily with a Danish host family, but they also conduct domestic labor in exchange for food and money, which allows them to send...

Morphological effects on the selectivity of intramolecular versus intermolecular catalytic reaction on Au nanoparticles.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Dan; Sun, Yuanmiao; Sun, Yinghui; Huang, Jing; Liang, Zhiqiang; Li, Shuzhou; Jiang, Lin

2017-06-14

It is hard for metal nanoparticle catalysts to control the selectivity of a catalytic reaction in a simple process. In this work, we obtain active Au nanoparticle catalysts with high selectivity for the hydrogenation reaction of aromatic nitro compounds, by simply employing spine-like Au nanoparticles. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations further elucidate that the morphological effect on thermal selectivity control is an internal key parameter to modulate the nitro hydrogenation process on the surface of Au spines. These results show that controlled morphological effects may play an important role in catalysis reactions of noble metal NPs with high selectivity.

The relationship between technology acceptance and frequency of mobile commerce use amongst Generation Y consumers

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nobukhosi Dlodlo

2013-05-01

Research purpose: To examine the nature of the relationships that exist between technology acceptance and frequency of mobile commerce usage amongst Generation Y consumers. Motivation for the study: The Generation Y cohort has emerged as an important age-group due to its economic contribution to the economy. It is therefore essential that their attitudes and behaviour continue to receive empirical introspection, particularly since mobile commerce has gathered momentum as an important and arguably, the most popular medium for commercial transactions. In a global space that is technology based, it becomes imperative to investigate the interplay between mobile commerce acceptance dimensions and frequency of use amongst Generation Ys. Research design, approach and method: A survey was conducted with the aid of a structured self-administered questionnaire with a view to collecting primary data from a sample consisting of 204 Generation Y consumers. Main findings: There were positive correlations between frequency of use and five mobile commerce acceptance dimensions. Cronbach Alpha values ranged between 0.714 and 0.898, thereby indicating high internal consistency amongst the subscales as well as within the entire survey instrument. Correlation coefficients ranged between 0.164 and 0.677 at both the p < 0.01 and p < 0.05 significance levels (2-tailed test, indicating very high levels of association amongst the subscales. Predictive validity of the five subscales and the variable frequency of use resulted in positive and statistically-significant results that were established at an adjusted R2 value of 0.674. Practical/managerial implications: Marketers and business practitioners are presented with practical insights into dimensions that enhance frequency of use of mobile commerce technology amongst Generation Y consumers. Furthermore, an increased usage of mobile commerce technologies is projected to have a stimulus effect on profitability, sustainability and loyalty

29 CFR 782.7 - Interstate commerce requirements of exemption.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... interstate commerce). (Walling v. Craig, 53 F. Supp. 479 (D. Minn). See also Engbretson v. E. J. Albrecht Co... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Interstate commerce requirements of exemption. 782.7... HOURS PROVISIONS FOR CERTAIN EMPLOYEES OF MOTOR CARRIERS § 782.7 Interstate commerce requirements of...

The Importance of Trust in Electronic Commerce.

Science.gov (United States)

Ratnasingham, Pauline

1998-01-01

Introduces the new concept of trust and how it influences the process of managing the security of an organization operating in an electronic commerce environment. Theoretically, the study aims to develop a framework of trust and security to provide a set of guidelines for secure electronic commerce. (Author/LRW)

Trust and Relationship Building in Electronic Commerce.

Science.gov (United States)

Papadopoulou, Panagiota; Andreou, Andreas; Kanellis, Panagiotis; Martakos, Drakoulis

2001-01-01

Discussion of the need for trust in electronic commerce to build customer relationships focuses on a model drawn from established theoretical work on trust and relationship marketing that highlights differences between traditional and electronic commerce. Considers how trust can be built into virtual environments. (Contains 50 references.)…

Theoretical prediction of the noble gas complexes HeAuF and NeAuF

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

无

2009-01-01

Ab initio calculations were carried out to investigate the structures and the stability of the noble gas complexes HeAuF and NeAuF through MP2 and CCSD(T) methods.The HeAuF was predicted to have a linear structure with weak He-Au covalent bonding,the distance of which is closer to the covalent limit in comparison with the corresponding van der Waals limit.The dissociation energy with respect to He + AuF was found to be 24 and 26 kJ·mol-1 at the CCSD(T)/basis set B and B’ levels,respectively.However,similar calculations for NeAuF indicate that NeAuF is not a stable species.

China's B2C e-commerce development and its future prospects

OpenAIRE

Jin, Guming

2012-01-01

China’s E-commerce environment is improving all the time. Consumers are getting more and more habituated to this form of consumption mode. The recent trend shows that China’s e- commerce market is booming mainly because of major enterprises’ fierce competition within Business To Customer E-commerce market. People are optimistic about B2C E-commerce which strengthens the China’s B2C E-commerce market. Even though E-commerce business in China is soaring, there still persists a problem, too. ...

16 CFR 801.3 - Activities in or affecting commerce.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Activities in or affecting commerce. 801.3... in or affecting commerce. Section 7A(a)(1) is satisfied if any entity included within the acquiring person, or any entity included within the acquired person, is engaged in commerce or in any activity...

Legal issues in E-commerce and E-contract in Albania

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Uarda Roshi

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Electronic commerce has become a key aspect for many businesses all around the world. This new form of commerce has reshaped the ways of trading, revolutionizing the way of doing business and has brought competitive advantages for both consumer and business. Over the last few years Albania is witnessing a digital revolution too, however although internet access has grown significantly only a few enterprises and a small number of companies have engaged in e-commerce activities. The development of e-commerce is an important element of national economy. Being a new important sector, e-commerce can only flourish where there is a good infrastructure, both legal and technological, which is attractive to consumers and business. So the need for rules and principles facilitating e-commerce has become increasingly evident, too. This paper attempts to provide an overview of the regulatory framework, legal issues and the challenges in the development of electronic commerce in Albania.

M-Commerce Exploitation

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ulhøi, John Parm; Jørgensen, Frances

2008-01-01

into this emerging market may well depend on development of new business models that emphasize the socio-technical intricacies of these networks. The objective of this paper is to examine the development of these networks as a central part of new M-commerce business models in SME's and report on initial findings...

The Influence of Social Commerce on Consumer Decisions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

H.A.H. Hettiarachchi

2018-03-01

Full Text Available Today, comprehending consumer behavior is becoming dynamically challenging with the emergence of social commerce. Business organizations are now striving to convince consumers by exploiting the advantage of social support empowered by online social networks. Importantly, social ties in such online social networks facilitate trust as the most compelling benefit while alleviating the perceived risk, which happened to be the major concerns with electronic commerce over the years. This research study is aimed at understanding the impact of social commerce on the consumer behavior, particularly consumer decision-making stages. Hence, this research was conducted as a quantitative study involving a cross-sectional survey and gathered valid responses from Facebook users. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM was used to analyze data and test hypotheses. The findings exhibited significant positive effects from social commerce on all the consumer decision-making stages namely; need recognition, information search, alternative evaluation, purchase decision and post-purchase decision. Therefore, this study highlights the importance of employing an appropriate social commerce strategy for business organizations.

Pengembangan Sistem Keamanan untuk E-Commerce

OpenAIRE

I Gusti Ngurah Indra Saputra; Gusti Made Arya Sasmita; Anak Agung Ketut Agung Cahyawan Wiranatha

2017-01-01

E-commerce is a remote goods or services transaction activity between two company (business to business) or between company with customers (business to consumer). Ecommerce was simplifying the transaction process between producers and consumers, butthere is a risk of security issue if doing transactions on e-commerce. A common e-commercesecurity system using another protocol security e.g. SSL (Secure Socket Layer) so these ecommerce security system is very dependent with these security protoc...

Studies of highly ionized atoms using internal conversion: 197Au, 57Fe; electric monopole transitions in 40Ca, 42Ca, and 44Ca

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ulrickson, M.A.

1975-01-01

By using heavy-ion reactions, highly ionized electronic states of atoms may be produced. The interaction between excited nuclear levels and the surrounding atomic electrons via internal conversion allows the nucleus to be used as a probe of the electronic structure of the highly ionized atoms. Studies of such atoms were undertaken for strongly internally converted nuclear levels in 197 Au and 57 Fe. The nuclear levels were Coulomb excited by using 16 O and 32 S beams. Simultaneous measurement of the lifetime of the 77-keV state of 197 Au in both neutral gold atoms and gold atoms with mean charge +10 resulted in a measured change in the internal conversion coefficient of Δalpha/alpha equals - 1.7 +- 3.0)10 -3 . This result is consistent with calculations using a Hartree-Fock--Slater program. Measurements of the electric monopole strengths for 0 + → 0 + transitions were undertaken to determine the amount of core-deformation in calcium nuclei. The E0 strengths for the decays of the 0 + states at 5.21 MeV in 40 C, 1.84 MeV in 42 Ca, and 1.88 MeV in 44 Ca were observed. The branching ratios for the subsequent E0 pair decays were measured by observing the coincident annihilation radiation from the e + member of the pair in coincidence with protons feeding the state in the cases of 42 Ca and 44 Ca, and by observing the actual coincident e + --e - pair together with protons feeding the state in the case of 40 Ca. The resulting E0 strengths (rho less than or equal to 0.06, rho = 0.34 +- 0.03, rho = 0.30 +- 0.10 for 40 Ca, 42 Ca, and 44 Ca respectively) agree with theoretical descriptions

International Safety Regulation and Standards for Space Travel and Commerce

Science.gov (United States)

Pelton, J. N.; Jakhu, R.

The evolution of air travel has led to the adoption of the 1944 Chicago Convention that created the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), headquartered in Montreal, Canada, and the propagation of aviation safety standards. Today, ICAO standardizes and harmonizes commercial air safety worldwide. Space travel and space safety are still at an early stage of development, and the adoption of international space safety standards and regulation still remains largely at the national level. This paper explores the international treaties and conventions that govern space travel, applications and exploration today and analyzes current efforts to create space safety standards and regulations at the national, regional and global level. Recent efforts to create a commercial space travel industry and to license commercial space ports are foreseen as means to hasten a space safety regulatory process.

EU Regulation of E-Commerce A Commentary

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Lodder, A.R.; Murray, A.D.

2017-01-01

For the last twenty years the European Union has been extremely active in the field of e-commerce. This important new book addresses the key pieces of EU legislation in the field of e-commerce, including the E-Commerce Directive, the Services Directive, the Consumer Directive, the General Data

ÉTUDE DE CAS – Kenya : Paludisme et agriculture au Kenya ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

11 janv. 2011 ... Dans le miroitement du chaud soleil de midi, il reste plutôt à l'ombre d'un arbre à discuter du plus grave problème de santé qui frappe son village : le ... au Kenya, des chercheurs du Centre international de recherche sur la physiologie des insectes et l'écologie (ICIPE) et de l'Institut international de gestion ...

The extraction characteristic of Au-Ag from Au concentrate by thiourea solution

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, Bongju; Cho, Kanghee; On, Hyunsung; Choi, Nagchoul; Park, Cheonyoung

2013-04-01

The cyanidation process has been used commercially for the past 100 years, there are ores that are not amenable to treatment by cyanide. Interest in alternative lixiviants, such as thiourea, halogens, thiosulfate and malononitrile, has been revived as a result of a major increase in gold price, which has stimulated new developments in extraction technology, combined with environmental concern. The Au extraction process using the thiourea solvent has many advantages over the cyanidation process, including higher leaching rates, faster extraction time and less than toxicity. The purpose of this study was investigated to the extraction characteristic of Au-Ag from two different Au concentrate (sulfuric acid washing and roasting) under various experiment conditions (thiourea concentration, pH of solvent, temperature) by thiourea solvent. The result of extraction experiment showed that the Au-Ag extraction was a fast extraction process, reaching equilibrium (maximum extraction rate) within 30 min. The Au-Ag extraction rate was higher in the roasted concentrate than in the sulfuric acid washing. The higher the Au-Ag extraction rate (Au - 70.87%, Ag - 98.12%) from roasted concentrate was found when the more concentration of thiourea increased, pH decreased and extraction temperature increased. This study informs extraction method basic knowledge when thiourea was a possibility to eco-/economic resources of Au-Ag utilization studies including the hydrometallurgy.

E-Commerce

OpenAIRE

KUBIČKA, Tomáš

2013-01-01

Diploma thesis "E-commerce" aimed to create a suitable solution for marketing mix of the e-shop Levneelektro.cz. Based on performed analyzes I concluded that improvement of a communication with customers is very important for company ELEKTRA PV. I found that a crucial step for maintenance of competitiveness is the foundation of a loyalty program which is responsible for keeping customer loyalty. I have designed two different solutions of the loyalty program that are appropriate for the company.

Multifragmentation in Au + Au collisions studied with AMD-V

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ono, Akira [Tohoku Univ., Sendai (Japan). Faculty of Science

1998-07-01

AMD-V is an optimum model for calculation of multifragmentation in Au + Au collisions. AMD-V consider anti-symmetry of incident nucleus, target nucleus and fragments, furthermore, it treat the quantum effect to exist many channels in the intermediate and final state. 150 and 250 MeV/nucleon incident energy were used in the experiments. The data of multifragment atom in {sup 197}Au + {sup 197}Au collisions was reproduced by AMD-V calculation using Gognny force, corresponding to the imcompressibility of nuclear substance K = 228 MeV and its mean field depend on momentum. When other interaction (SKG 2 force, corresponding to K = 373 KeV) was used an mean field does not depend on momentum, the calculation results could not reproduce the experimental values, because nucleus and deuteron were estimated too large and {alpha}-particle and intermediate fragments estimated too small. (S.Y.)

Study on storage efficiency of the fresh food e-commerce

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Xin; Sun, Jie; Li, Huihui

2017-06-01

As the last cake in the area of e-commerce industry, the temperature of fresh food e-commerce is always rising starting from about 2014. This paper is based on the imperfection that the existing study about fresh food e-commerce is lack of studies on storage efficiency. And we took some variables in this paper such as consumers’ satisfaction and length for preservation and storage time. On this basis we built the model of storage efficiency of fresh food e-commerce. We find that as the development of fresh food e-commerce, the fresh food e-commerce enterprise will pay more attention to the consumers’ satisfaction. They can take some effective ways like reducing the wastage of fresh food and lengthening the refreshing time of fresh food and so on.

The Third Party Logistics Partner Selection of B2C E-Commerce Enterprise

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Xu Wei

2017-01-01

Full Text Available In recent years, with the rapid development of Internet, e-commerce enterprises in China is at an alarming rate of sustainable development, the B2C e-commerce in the online shopping market accounted for a large proportion, with the rapid change of the market and customer needs to establish a flexible distribution service is one of the many e-commerce companies need to solve. Using self logistics capital occupancy bigger; the logistics alliance, with the risk of internal information disclosure; and on the third party logistics, not only capital and manpower can be effectively used, helps enterprises to strengthen the core business. Therefore, it is very important to choose the appropriate third party logistics providers to reduce operating costs and improve the market influence. This paper analyses the existing problems in the third party logistics, the establishment of a more complete index system, according to the actual situation of the suppliers, using the improved AHP method and the entropy coefficient method to get the comprehensive weight, finally get the approximation method to meet the business requirements of the logistics service providers use the ideal, for commercial enterprises to third party logistics service provider selection and puts forward some available models.

Synthesis of ultrathin face-centered-cubic Au@Pt and Au@Pd core-shell nanoplates from hexagonal-close-packed Au square sheets

KAUST Repository

Fan, Zhanxi; Zhu, Yihan; Huang, Xiao; Han, Yu; Wang, Qingxiao; Liu, Qing; Huang, Ying; Gan, Chee Lip; Zhang, Hua

2015-01-01

@Pd rhombic nanoplates, respectively. We believe that these findings will shed new light on the synthesis of novel noble bimetallic nanostructures. Phase change: Ultrathin Au@Pt and Au@Pd core-shell nanoplates were prepared from Au square sheets. A phase

ELECTRONIC BANKING AND ELECTRONIC COMMERCE IN SERBIA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ivana B. Petrevska

2014-10-01

Full Text Available Nowadays, we may witness to dramatic and visible changes in our life environment. Business ambient for companies is different every day, and it is very hard to predict a direction of future changes. There is an environment characterized by sharp competition and increasing number of competitors, fast technological improvements and highly sophisticated and informed costumers. Technological process influences the humanity strongly, changing the way that people live, work and spend. Electronic commerce and electronic banking has become incontinent, and makes a great part of today's total transactions. There are an increasing number of companies that perform their business that way and make profit. Social networks are proven to be the least expensive way of information exchange, and they are present in almost every part of the world. The globalization has reached the most distant parts of the Earth. Every resistance to new technologies is dangerous and may lead to bankruptcy. Due to the EU expansion, Internet users are to be expected, and prosperity of the e-commerce business models at the same time. In Serbia, electronic commerce is present, but not as developed as in EU countries. E-commerce, however it might be successful throughout the world, it is somewhat slow in its growth in Serbia. The reasons are numerous, and main obstacles are the lack of trust, still limited usage of banking cards, avoiding of e-payments by older population etc. Also, the recent scandals over the misuse of personal data, and e-crime are discouraging factors for the growth of e-trade and ebanking. The younger generations are ever more ready to use e-commerce, since they are open to new technologies and do not have the defensive attitude towards it. E-commerce and e-banking has growing potential even among older population, if the society prevents them from fear and mistrust.

Software Technology for E-Commerce Era

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

无

2001-01-01

The rapid growth of Internet usage and electronic commerce(e-commerce) applica t ions will push traditional industries to transform their business models and to re-engineer their information systems. This direction will give the software in d ustry either great opportunities for their business growth or crucial challenges to their existence. This article describes two essential challenges the softwar e industry will face and presents relevant new technologies that will be helpful for overcoming those challenges.

Transaksi E-commerce: Perspektif Hukum Islam

OpenAIRE

,SH,MH, Triana Sofiani

2008-01-01

The dynamism of global economy followed by the development of sophisticated information technology, has changed the business transaction model. Former business transactions have been done in traditional model, but the trends of modern business utilize the virtual world that is well known as e-commerce. E-commerce becomes one of contemporary problems in Islamic economic points of view due to: (1) the buyer and seller do not physically meet each other; (2) the absence of object of transaction w...

E-COMMERCE AREA FOR TEXTILE INDUSTRY

OpenAIRE

R. M. Aileni; D. Farima; M. Ciocoiu

2011-01-01

This paper presents some management aspects concerning the e-commerce area for textile industry.Here it can have database management – customers, products and brand visualisation management. The databasemanagement can be doing by using a database management system. For database management it was use therelational model based on first-order predicate logic [1]. In this paper it was analyzed the relational databasemodel. The e-commerce area is born from need to simplify the buying and selling g...

E-Commerce In Slovenia: Kindergarten Years

OpenAIRE

Metka Tekavcic; Mojca Marc

2011-01-01

After the initial few years that witnessed the birth and first steps of e-commerce applications, this paper presents the present state of e-commerce in Slovenia. The EU accession process has brought many changes and challenges for companies in candidate countries Slovenia being among them including the use of e-business technology. The vast majority of Slovenian companies have been increasingly recognizing the need to operate electronically. However, most companies are still at the beginning ...

Electronic commerce can cut purchasing costs

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hansen, T.

1995-06-01

Electronic commerce could be the most important strategy exercised by utilities involved in transmission and distribution in the next five to ten years. One key element of electronic commerce is electronic data interchange (EDI). EDI is the direct, standardized computer-to-computer exchange of business documents, such as purchase orders, invoices, payments and inventory analysis between trading partners. EDI enables business documents delivery in seconds instead of days. Inventory has been a big expense for utilities, especially in the transmission and distribution area. In order to provide and restore electrical service to customers, utilities have been required to stock high levels of many different items. At times, warehouse personnel have had difficulty determining the minimum quantity needed for a particular part so items are stocked just-in-case.Electronic commerce will allow utilities to more accurately determine minimum stocking requirements and reduce inventory without sacrificing customer service.

Getting real about virtual commerce.

Science.gov (United States)

Evans, P; Wurster, T S

1999-01-01

In its first generation, electronic commerce has been a landgrab. Space on the Internet was claimed by whoever got there first with enough resources to create a credible business. It took speed, a willingness to experiment, and a lot of cybersavvy. Companies that had performed brilliantly in traditional settings seemed hopelessly flat-footed on the Web. And despite their astronomical valuations, the new e-commerce stars have appeared to be just as confused. Many have yet to make a profit, and no one has any idea when they will. Now, the authors contend, we are entering the second generation of e-commerce, and it will be shaped more by strategy than by experimentation. The key players--branded-goods suppliers, physical retailers, electronic retailers, and pure navigators--will shift their attention from claiming territory to defending or capturing it. They will be forced to focus on strategies to achieve competitive advantage. Success will go to the businesses that get closest to consumers, the ones that help customers navigate their way through the Web. Indeed, the authors argue, navigation is the battlefield on which competitive advantage will be won or lost. There are three dimensions of navigation: Reach is about access and connection. Affiliation is about whose interests the business represents. And richness is the depth of the information that a business gives to or collects about its customers. Navigators and e-retailers have the natural advantage in reach and affiliation, while traditional product suppliers and retailers have the edge in richness. The authors offer practical advice to each player on competing in the second generation of e-commerce.

Sequential and double sequential fission observed in heavy ion interaction of (11.67 MeV/u)197Au projectile with 197Au target

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nasir, Tabassum; Khan, Ehsan Ullah; Baluch, Javaid Jahan; Shafi-Ur-Rehman; Matiullah; Rafique, Muhammad

2009-01-01

The heavy ion interaction of 11.67 MeV/u 197 Au+ 197 Au has been investigated using mica as a passive detector. By employing Solid State Nuclear Track Detection Technique the data of elastic scattering as well as inelastic reaction channel was collected. The off-line data analysis of multi-pronged events was performed by measuring the three-dimensional geometrical coordinates of correlated tracks on event-by-event basis. Multi pronged events observed in this reaction were due to sequential and double sequential fission. Using a computer code PRONGY based on the procedure of internal calibration, it was possible to derive quantities like mass transfer, total kinetic energy loss and scattering angles. (author)

Charged hadron transverse momentum distributions in Au+Au collisions at S=200 GeV

Science.gov (United States)

Roland, Christof; PHOBOS Collaboration; Back, B. B.; Baker, M. D.; Barton, D. S.; Betts, R. R.; Ballintijn, M.; Bickley, A. A.; Bindel, R.; Budzanowski, A.; Busza, W.; Carroll, A.; Decowski, M. P.; García, E.; George, N.; Gulbrandsen, K.; Gushue, S.; Halliwell, C.; Hamblen, J.; Heintzelman, G. A.; Henderson, C.; Hofman, D. J.; Hollis, R. S.; Hołyński, R.; Holzman, B.; Iordanova, A.; Johnson, E.; Kane, J. L.; Katzy, J.; Khan, N.; Kucewicz, W.; Kulinich, P.; Kuo, C. M.; Lin, W. T.; Manly, S.; McLeod, D.; Michałowski, J.; Mignerey, A. C.; Nouicer, R.; Olszewski, A.; Pak, R.; Park, I. C.; Pernegger, H.; Reed, C.; Remsberg, L. P.; Reuter, M.; Roland, C.; Roland, G.; Rosenberg, L.; Sagerer, J.; Sarin, P.; Sawicki, P.; Skulski, W.; Steadman, S. G.; Steinberg, P.; Stephans, G. S. F.; Stodulski, M.; Sukhanov, A.; Tang, J.-L.; Teng, R.; Trzupek, A.; Vale, C.; van Nieuwenhuizen, G. J.; Verdier, R.; Wadsworth, B.; Wolfs, F. L. H.; Wosiek, B.; Woźniak, K.; Wuosmaa, A. H.; Wysłouch, B.

2003-03-01

We present transverse momentum distributions of charged hadrons produced in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV. The evolution of the spectra for transverse momenta p_T from 0.25 to 5GeV/c is studied as a function of collision centrality over a range from 65 to 344 participating nucleons. We find a significant change of the spectral shape between proton-antiproton and peripheral Au+Au collisions. Comparing peripheral to central Au+Au collisions, we find that the yields at the highest p_T exhibit approximate scaling with the number of participating nucleons, rather than scaling with the number of binary collisions.

Study on the E-commerce platform based on the agent

Science.gov (United States)

Fu, Ruixue; Qin, Lishuan; Gao, Yinmin

2011-10-01

To solve problem of dynamic integration in e-commerce, the Multi-Agent architecture of electronic commerce platform system based on Agent and Ontology has been introduced, which includes three major types of agent, Ontology and rule collection. In this architecture, service agent and rule are used to realize the business process reengineering, the reuse of software component, and agility of the electronic commerce platform. To illustrate the architecture, a simulation work has been done and the results imply that the architecture provides a very efficient method to design and implement the flexible, distributed, open and intelligent electronic commerce platform system to solve problem of dynamic integration in ecommerce. The objective of this paper is to illustrate the architecture of electronic commerce platform system, and the approach how Agent and Ontology support the electronic commerce platform system.

E-commerce System Security Assessment based on Bayesian Network Algorithm Research

OpenAIRE

Ting Li; Xin Li

2013-01-01

Evaluation of e-commerce network security is based on assessment method Bayesian networks, and it first defines the vulnerability status of e-commerce system evaluation index and the vulnerability of the state model of e-commerce systems, and after the principle of the Bayesian network reliability of e-commerce system and the criticality of the vulnerabilities were analyzed, experiments show that the change method is a good evaluation of the security of e-commerce systems.

RESEARCH ON OBTAINING AND USING MARKETING INFORMATION IN COMMERCE COMPANIES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Simona BALASESCU

2008-01-01

Full Text Available The present paper focuses on the issue of using marketing instruments(concepts, policies, strategies, research etc. in commerce companies inBrasov. The research is about identifying the marketing instruments that areused in the activity of the commerce companies in Brasov and it underlinesthe peculiarities of marketing in commerce companies. The informationobtained contributes to a better understanding of the way marketing activityworks in commerce companies in Brasov. The method used to identify theattitudes and opinions of commerce companies’ managers in Brasov,regarding collecting and using marketing information, is the focus group. Thepaper ends with the conclusions of this research at the level of a single city –Brasov.

Benchmarking the implementation of E-Commerce A Case Study Approach

OpenAIRE

von Ettingshausen, C. R. D. Freiherr

2009-01-01

The purpose of this thesis was to develop a guideline to support the implementation of E-Commerce with E-Commerce benchmarking. Because of its importance as an interface with the customer, web-site benchmarking has been a widely researched topic. However, limited research has been conducted on benchmarking E-Commerce across other areas of the value chain. Consequently this thesis aims to extend benchmarking into E-Commerce related subjects. The literature review examined ...

12 CFR 609.940 - Internal systems and controls.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Internal systems and controls. 609.940 Section 609.940 Banks and Banking FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION FARM CREDIT SYSTEM ELECTRONIC COMMERCE Standards... business plan objectives and policies and procedures requirements regarding E-commerce; and (b) Prevent and...

Report of the Committee on International Education.

Science.gov (United States)

Colorado Commission on Higher Education, Denver.

The purpose of this report is to promote further development of international education in Colorado through the expansion of foreign language instruction, student and faculty exchanges, enrollment of international students, collaboration with state and private sector entities in international commerce, and the establishment of consortia…

E-commerce in Ecuador

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nelly Karina Esparza Cruz

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Today, companies have been forced to create new media with their customers that allow them to obtain the sales volume necessary to make a profit, which is why e-commerce is an invaluable tool for the sales department of the Business. Over the years e-commerce has evolved facing major challenges, especially those related to information security and the little Ecuadorian culture of buying online. However, thanks to the fact that in the last decade the number of Internet users has increased, this has allowed online sales to start increasing their amounts annually, however, compared with the rest of South American countries to Ecuador still It lacks much way to go not only in the implementation of secure web portals for Internet purchases, but also in computer culture and security rules in Internet users.

Aplikasi E-Commerce: Studi Kasus pada PT Eigl

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rudy Rudy

2011-12-01

Full Text Available The cosmetics trend is apparently in line with the fashion trend which is likely to change from time to time. Competition in the cosmetics industry today, coupled with the increasing number of imported cosmetic products on the market require cosmetic companies to continue innovating and taking advantage of opportunities as possible. A very rapid development of Internet opens opportunities for cosmetic companies, especially PT EIGL, to be able to offer products to Internet users. The purpose of this study is to build a prototype e-commerce application, preceded by identifying the odds and the readiness of companies in conducting e-commerce. The methodology used is the analysis of the company's readiness using the preparation analysis of a market opportunity and design application using object-oriented approach. The research results in an e-commerce application that consists of the front-end and content management system. From this study it can be concluded that PT EIGL retains the opportunity to run e-commerce. To facilitate the company in managing e-commerce website a content management system is created in an easy way to operate. 

Influence of Au Nanoparticle Shape on Au@Cu2O Heterostructures

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jie Zhu

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Synthesis of metal-semiconductor heterostructures may allow the combination of function of the corresponding components and/or the enhanced performance resulting from the interactions between all the components. In this paper, Au@Cu2O core-shell heterostructures are prepared by a seed-growth method, using different-shaped Au nanocrystals as the seeds such as nanorods, octahedra, decahedra, dots, and nanocubes. The results revealed that the final structure of Au@Cu2O was greatly influenced by the shape of the seeds used. Exposure of Cu2O{111} and Cu2O{001} favored when the overgrowth happened on Au{111} and Au{001} surface, respectively. The size of the product can also be tuned by the amount of the seeds. The results reported here provide a thinking clue to modulate the shape and size of core-shell nanocrystals, which is useful in developing new materials with desired performance.

Au/ZnO nanoarchitectures with Au as both supporter and antenna of visible-light

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Liu, Tianyu; Chen, Wei; Hua, Yuxiang; Liu, Xiaoheng, E-mail: xhliu@mail.njust.edu.cn

2017-01-15

Highlights: • An inversed Au/ZnO nanostructure was fabricated with ZnO loaded onto Au. • The Au/ZnO nanocomposites showed enhanced properties in visible-light photocatalysis. • The SPR effect of Au was considered important for visible-light photocatalysis. - Abstract: In this paper, we fabricate Au/ZnO nanostructure with smaller ZnO nanoparticles loaded onto bigger gold nanoparticles via combining seed-mediated method and sol-gel method. The obtained Au/ZnO nanocomposites exhibit excellent properties in photocatalysis process like methyl orange (MO) degradation and oxidative conversion of methanol into formaldehyde under visible light irradiation. The enhanced properties were ascribed to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect of Au nanoparticles, which could contribute to the separation of photo-excited electrons and holes and facilitate the process of absorbing visible light. This paper contributes to the emergence of multi-functional nanocomposites with possible applications in visible-light driven photocatalysts and makes the Au/ZnO photocatalyst an exceptional choice for practical applications such as environmental purification of organic pollutants in aqueous solution and the synthesis of fine chemicals and intermediates.

Au/ZnO nanoarchitectures with Au as both supporter and antenna of visible-light

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu, Tianyu; Chen, Wei; Hua, Yuxiang; Liu, Xiaoheng

2017-01-01

Highlights: • An inversed Au/ZnO nanostructure was fabricated with ZnO loaded onto Au. • The Au/ZnO nanocomposites showed enhanced properties in visible-light photocatalysis. • The SPR effect of Au was considered important for visible-light photocatalysis. - Abstract: In this paper, we fabricate Au/ZnO nanostructure with smaller ZnO nanoparticles loaded onto bigger gold nanoparticles via combining seed-mediated method and sol-gel method. The obtained Au/ZnO nanocomposites exhibit excellent properties in photocatalysis process like methyl orange (MO) degradation and oxidative conversion of methanol into formaldehyde under visible light irradiation. The enhanced properties were ascribed to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect of Au nanoparticles, which could contribute to the separation of photo-excited electrons and holes and facilitate the process of absorbing visible light. This paper contributes to the emergence of multi-functional nanocomposites with possible applications in visible-light driven photocatalysts and makes the Au/ZnO photocatalyst an exceptional choice for practical applications such as environmental purification of organic pollutants in aqueous solution and the synthesis of fine chemicals and intermediates.

Catalytic activity of Au nanoparticles

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Larsen, Britt Hvolbæk; Janssens, Ton V.W.; Clausen, Bjerne

2007-01-01

Au is usually viewed as an inert metal, but surprisingly it has been found that Au nanoparticles less than 3–5 nm in diameter are catalytically active for several chemical reactions. We discuss the origin of this effect, focusing on the way in which the chemical activity of Au may change with par......Au is usually viewed as an inert metal, but surprisingly it has been found that Au nanoparticles less than 3–5 nm in diameter are catalytically active for several chemical reactions. We discuss the origin of this effect, focusing on the way in which the chemical activity of Au may change...... with particle size. We find that the fraction of low-coordinated Au atoms scales approximately with the catalytic activity, suggesting that atoms on the corners and edges of Au nanoparticles are the active sites. This effect is explained using density functional calculations....

Fabricating a Homogeneously Alloyed AuAg Shell on Au Nanorods to Achieve Strong, Stable, and Tunable Surface Plasmon Resonances

KAUST Repository

Huang, Jianfeng

2015-08-13

Colloidal metal nanocrystals with strong, stable, and tunable localized surface plasmon resonances (SPRs) can be useful in a corrosive environment for many applications including field-enhanced spectroscopies, plasmon-mediated catalysis, etc. Here, a new synthetic strategy is reported that enables the epitaxial growth of a homogeneously alloyed AuAg shell on Au nanorod seeds, circumventing the phase segregation of Au and Ag encountered in conventional synthesis. The resulting core–shell structured bimetallic nanorods (AuNR@AuAg) have well-mixed Au and Ag atoms in their shell without discernible domains. This degree of mixing allows AuNR@AuAg to combine the high stability of Au with the superior plasmonic activity of Ag, thus outperforming seemingly similar nanostructures with monometallic shells (e.g., Ag-coated Au NRs (AuNR@Ag) and Au-coated Au NRs (AuNR@Au)). AuNR@AuAg is comparable to AuNR@Ag in plasmonic activity, but that it is markedly more stable toward oxidative treatment. Specifically, AuNR@AuAg and AuNR@Ag exhibit similarly strong signals in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy that are some 30-fold higher than that of AuNR@Au. When incubated with a H2O2 solution (0.5 m), the plasmonic activity of AuNR@Ag immediately and severely decayed, whereas AuNR@AuAg retained its activity intact. Moreover, the longitudinal SPR frequency of AuNR@AuAg can be tuned throughout the red wavelengths (≈620–690 nm) by controlling the thickness of the AuAg alloy shell. The synthetic strategy is versatile to fabricate AuAg alloyed shells on different shaped Au, with prospects for new possibilities in the synthesis and application of plasmonic nanocrystals.

Research on mobile electronic commerce security technology based on WPKI

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Bo

2013-07-01

Through the in-depth study on the existing mobile e-commerce and WAP protocols, this paper presents a security solution of e-commerce system based on WPKI, and describes its implementation process and specific implementation details. This solution uniformly distributes the key used by the various participating entities , to fully ensure the confidentiality, authentication, fairness and integrity of mobile e-commerce payments, therefore has some pract ical value for improving the security of e-commerce system.

CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE PROTECTION OF FAMOUS MARKS IN E-COMMERCE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Georgeta Valeria Sabau

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Although the benefits of e-commerce are remarkable both for companies and for the consumers and the society, the context of the virtual revolution creates many opportunities to infringe the international and european legal provisions concerning the protection of trademarks. Globally, the protection of notorious trademarks is presently matchless and laborious enough so that the problematic in focus constitutes a long subject of analysis and discussion. The goals and the purpose of the research focus upon the analysis of the doctrine and jurisprudence of the European Court of Justice. Approaching these goals both logically and historically with international, european and judicial practice regulations, the authors concluded that these do not offer a clear answer to the question whether using the trademark of a competitor as a search engine keyword will constitute an infringement of the trademark, a fact that seems to be needing evaluation for each case.

Charged particle density distributions in Au + Au collisions at ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Charged particle pseudorapidity distributions have been measured in Au + Au collisions using the BRAHMS detector at RHIC. The results are presented as a function of the collision centrality and the center of mass energy. They are compared to the predictions of different parton scattering models and the important role of ...

No Small Change: E-Commerce in Distance Education.

Science.gov (United States)

Robinson, Evan T.

2002-01-01

Explains how electronic commerce (e-commerce) principles can be useful for distance education in higher education. Topics include business-to-business and business-to-consumer models; entering the marketplace; understanding the institution's capabilities; knowing the competition; and sound financial models. (LRW)

Content management systems and E-commerce: a comparative case study

Science.gov (United States)

Al Rasheed, Amal A.; El-Masri, Samir D.

2011-12-01

The need for CMS's to create and edit e-commerce websites has increased with the growing importance of e-commerce. In this paper, the various features essential for e-commerce CMS's are explored. The aim of the paper was to find the best CMS solution for e-commerce which includes the best of both CMS and store management. Accordingly, we conducted a study on three popular open source CMS's for e-commerce: VirtueMart from Joomla!, Ubercart from Drupal, and Magento. We took into account features like hosting and installation, performance, support/community, content management, add on modules and functional features. We concluded with improvements that could be made in order to alleviate problems.

E-commerce adoption by SMEs in developing countries: evidence from Indonesia

OpenAIRE

Rahayu, Rita; Day, John

2016-01-01

This study aims to provide an overview of e-commerce adoption by SMEs in developing countries and, in particular, the extent of the adoption of e-commerce by Indonesian SMEs. It identifies the e-commerce benefits realized by these SMEs and investigates the relationship between the levels of e-commerce adoption and the benefits thus realized. The study was motivated by the limited studies related to e-commerce adoption by SMEs, especially in developing countries. In addition, it seems that mos...

Data mining in e-commerce: A survey

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Data mining has matured as a field of basic and applied research in computer science in general and e-commerce in particular. In this paper, we survey some of the recent approaches and architectures where data mining has been applied in the fields of e-commerce and e-business. Our intent is not to survey the plethora ...

Amélioration de la nutrition au Cambodge au moyen de l ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Amélioration de la nutrition au Cambodge au moyen de l'aquaculture et des jardins potagers domestiques (FCRSAI). Si l'on produit au Cambodge suffisamment de riz pour nourrir la population, la sous-alimentation maternelle et infantile y demeure quand même élevée en raison de la faible diversification des cultures et du ...

Business model in marketplace industry using business model canvas approach: An e-commerce case study

Science.gov (United States)

Erlyana, Yana; Hartono, Henny

2017-12-01

The advancement of technology has huge impact on commerce world, especially in the marketplace that has shifted from brick-and-mortar to digital/online marketplace. Grasping the opportunity, ABC joined venture with DEF to create a new online venture namely XYZ Online Shop - an e-commerce website that has large segmentations. The objective of this research is to analyze the business model conducted by XYZ Online Shop by utilizing Business Model Canvas Framework and SWOT analysis. The results obtained from the research are that the business model conducted by XYZ Online Shop excels in customer relationship block and still needs to improve key partner and key activities blocks. Business Model Canvas along with SWOT analysis describes how XYZ Online Shop creates, delivers, and captures value based on its internal and external environments.

[Hyp-Au-Sn9(Hyp)3-Au-Sn9(Hyp)3-Au-Hyp]-: the longest intermetalloid chain compound of tin.

Science.gov (United States)

Binder, Mareike; Schrenk, Claudio; Block, Theresa; Pöttgen, Rainer; Schnepf, Andreas

2017-10-12

The reaction of the metalloid tin cluster [Sn 10 (Hyp) 4 ] 2- with (Ph 3 P)Au-SHyp (Hyp = Si(SiMe 3 ) 3 ) gave an intermetalloid cluster [Au 3 Sn 18 (Hyp) 8 ] - 1, which is the longest intermetalloid chain compound of tin to date. 1 shows a structural resemblance to binary AuSn phases, which is expected for intermetalloid clusters.

Usability evaluation techniques in mobile commerce applications: A systematic review

Science.gov (United States)

Hussain, Azham; Mkpojiogu, Emmanuel O. C.

2016-08-01

Obviously, there are a number of literatures concerning the usability of mobile commerce (m-commerce) applications and related areas, but they do not adequately provide knowledge about usability techniques used in most of the empirical usability evaluation for m-commerce application. Therefore, this paper is aimed at producing the usability techniques frequently used in the aspect of usability evaluation for m-commerce applications. To achieve the stated objective, systematic literature review was employed. Sixty seven papers were downloaded in usability evaluation for m-commerce and related areas; twenty one most relevant studies were selected for review in order to extract the appropriate information. The results from the review shows that heuristic evaluation, formal test and think aloud methods are the most commonly used methods in m-commerce application in comparison to cognitive walkthrough and the informal test methods. Moreover, most of the studies applied control experiment (33.3% of the total studies); other studies that applied case study for usability evaluation are 14.28%. The results from this paper provide additional knowledge to the usability practitioners and research community for the current state and use of usability techniques in m-commerce application.

E-Commerce Education in China: Driving Forces, Status, and Strategies

OpenAIRE

Xianfeng Zhang; Qi Li; Z. Lin

2005-01-01

With an explosive growth of e-businesses worldwide, e-commerce in China is booming, leading to the development of e-commerce education. This paper is intended to investigate whether the education system in China accords well with the market demand and the status of e-commerce programs in China in order to seek strategies for China to cope with the challenges of global e-commerce empowered by fast updated information technologies. First, we construct a four-layer conceptual model to describe t...

CHINESE E-COMMERCE MODEL: Using ALIBABA as a case study

OpenAIRE

Pang, Jie

2015-01-01

This report aims to analyze Alibaba’s e-commerce mode. With the development of internet technology, e-commerce is attracting more and more attention from governments, businesses and individuals which is one of the major reasons for Alibaba’s quick development. The author has seen the importance of e-commerce and important role of Alibaba in e-commerce field. This report will start by introducing Alibaba briefly. And then the major theories and concepts used by the report will be analyzed, esp...

Hollow Au@Pd and Au@Pt core-shell nanoparticles as electrocatalysts for ethanol oxidation reactions

KAUST Repository

Song, Hyon Min

2012-09-27

Hybrid alloys among gold, palladium and platinum become a new category of catalysts primarily due to their enhanced catalytic effects. Enhancement means not only their effectiveness, but also their uniqueness as catalysts for the reactions that individual metals may not catalyze. Here, preparation of hollow Au@Pd and Au@Pt core-shell nanoparticles (NPs) and their use as electrocatalysts are reported. Galvanic displacement with Ag NPs is used to obtain hollow NPs, and higher reduction potential of Au compared to Ag, Pd, and Pt helps to produce hollow Au cores first, followed by Pd or Pt shell growth. Continuous and highly crystalline shell growth was observed in Au@Pd core-shell NPs, but the sporadic and porous-like structure was observed in Au@Pt core-shell NPs. Along with hollow core-shell NPs, hollow porous Pt and hollow Au NPs are also prepared from Ag seed NPs. Twin boundaries which are typically observed in large size (>20 nm) Au NPs were not observed in hollow Au NPs. This absence is believed to be due to the role of the hollows, which significantly reduce the strain energy of edges where the two lattice planes meet. In ethanol oxidation reactions in alkaline medium, hollow Au@Pd core-shell NPs show highest current density in forward scan. Hollow Au@Pt core-shell NPs maintain better catalytic activities than metallic Pt, which is thought to be due to the better crystallinity of Pt shells as well as the alloy effect of Au cores. © 2012 The Royal Society of Chemistry.

Study on supply chain management in tourism e-commerce

Science.gov (United States)

Hu, Yaodong; Wu, Shuyan; Ma, Haiyan

2009-07-01

On-line customer research has been conducted for European and American markets by marketers and academics. Whilst e-Commerce and tourism develop rapidly in China, and the fraud information in E-commerce market makes the conditions of information asymmetry becoming more seriously, understanding of Chinese internet travelers is required. This paper reviews current research on supply chain management (SCM) within the context of tourism. SCM in the manufacturing industry has attracted widespread research interest over the past two decades, whereas studies of SCM in the tourism e-commerce are very limited. The potential benefit of considering not only individual enterprises but also the tourism value chain becomes evident. This paper presents the model e-market structure and process analysis of tourism e-commerce, and also sets up tourism supply chain and tourism e-commerce system to probe how to apply tourism ecommerce to promote the sustainable development of tourism. The paper also identifies key research questions in TSCM worthy of future theoretical and empirical exploration.

Electronic Commerce: Government Services in the New Millennium.

Science.gov (United States)

Maxwell, Terrence A., Ed.

1998-01-01

This newsletter features innovations in resource management and information technology to support New York State government. The newsletter contains the following six sections: (1) "Electronic Commerce: Government Services in the New Millennium" -- examining the need for government involvement in electronic commerce policy and…

NCEP Internal Office Notes

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — The National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and its predecessors have produced internal publications, known as Office Notes, since the mid-1950's. In...

Automatic detection of e-commerce availability from web data

OpenAIRE

Blázquez Soriano, Mª Desamparados; Domenech, Josep; Gil, José A.; Pont Sanjuan, Ana

2016-01-01

Resumen de la ponencia [EN] In the transition to the digital economy, the implementation of e-commerce strategies contributes to foster economic growth and obtain competitive advantages. Indeed, national and supranational statistics offices monitor the adoption of e-commerce solutions by conducting periodic surveys to businesses. However, the information about e-commerce adoption is often available online in each company corporate website, which is usually public and suitable for being aut...

What impact will E-commerce have on the U.S. economy?

OpenAIRE

Jonathan L. Willis

2004-01-01

In recent years, e-commerce has emerged as the fastest growing sector of the U.S. marketplace. Despite the contraction in the high-tech industry during the recent recession, firms have continued to enter and expand their presence in e-commerce, and consumers have increased the number of purchases made online. E-commerce currently represents a very small share of overall commerce, but it is expected to continue to expand rapidly in coming years. As e-commerce grows, so will its impact on the o...

Grocery e-commerce in the UK and Denmark

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kornum, Niels; Bjerre, Mogens

2007-01-01

The purpose of this article is to propose a framework for the analysis of market creation and apply this to the grocery e-commerce business. The article develops a model of four forces that interplay when companies engage in the process of creating new markets. The applicability of the model...... is exemplified by examining the interaction of the forces having created grocery e-commerce markets in the UK and Denmark. The application of the model reveals that besides the usual identification of competition intensity, the persistency of market reach efforts of a focal firm and the value attraction of its...... offerings play a significant role in the creation of grocery e-commerce markets. The practical implications are that retailers should not just transfer a grocery e-commerce set-up from one national market to another without considering the mentioned four forces in their own national markets....

Soutien au Conseil arabe des sciences sociales | CRDI - Centre de ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

l'établissement du caractère institutionnel du CASS grâce au recrutement de personnel, ... à des procédures internes bien définies et à une planification stratégique. ... d'accroître le rayonnement, la diffusion, le dialogue sur les politiques et la ...

Evidence from d+Au measurements for final-state suppression of high-p(T) hadrons in Au+Au collisions at RHIC.

Science.gov (United States)

Adams, J; Adler, C; Aggarwal, M M; Ahammed, Z; Amonett, J; Anderson, B D; Anderson, M; Arkhipkin, D; Averichev, G S; Badyal, S K; Balewski, J; Barannikova, O; Barnby, L S; Baudot, J; Bekele, S; Belaga, V V; Bellwied, R; Berger, J; Bezverkhny, B I; Bhardwaj, S; Bhaskar, P; Bhati, A K; Bichsel, H; Billmeier, A; Bland, L C; Blyth, C O; Bonner, B E; Botje, M; Boucham, A; Brandin, A; Bravar, A; Cadman, R V; Cai, X Z; Caines, H; Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, M; Carroll, J; Castillo, J; Castro, M; Cebra, D; Chaloupka, P; Chattopadhyay, S; Chen, H F; Chen, Y; Chernenko, S P; Cherney, M; Chikanian, A; Choi, B; Christie, W; Coffin, J P; Cormier, T M; Cramer, J G; Crawford, H J; Das, D; Das, S; Derevschikov, A A; Didenko, L; Dietel, T; Dong, X; Draper, J E; Du, F; Dubey, A K; Dunin, V B; Dunlop, J C; Dutta Majumdar, M R; Eckardt, V; Efimov, L G; Emelianov, V; Engelage, J; Eppley, G; Erazmus, B; Fachini, P; Faine, V; Faivre, J; Fatemi, R; Filimonov, K; Filip, P; Finch, E; Fisyak, Y; Flierl, D; Foley, K J; Fu, J; Gagliardi, C A; Ganti, M S; Gagunashvili, N; Gans, J; Gaudichet, L; Germain, M; Geurts, F; Ghazikhanian, V; Ghosh, P; Gonzalez, J E; Grachov, O; Grigoriev, V; Gronstal, S; Grosnick, D; Guedon, M; Guertin, S M; Gupta, A; Gushin, E; Gutierrez, T D; Hallman, T J; Hardtke, D; Harris, J W; Heinz, M; Henry, T W; Heppelmann, S; Herston, T; Hippolyte, B; Hirsch, A; Hjort, E; Hoffmann, G W; Horsley, M; Huang, H Z; Huang, S L; Humanic, T J; Igo, G; Ishihara, A; Jacobs, P; Jacobs, W W; Janik, M; Johnson, I; Jones, P G; Judd, E G; Kabana, S; Kaneta, M; Kaplan, M; Keane, D; Kiryluk, J; Kisiel, A; Klay, J; Klein, S R; Klyachko, A; Koetke, D D; Kollegger, T; Konstantinov, A S; Kopytine, M; Kotchenda, L; Kovalenko, A D; Kramer, M; Kravtsov, P; Krueger, K; Kuhn, C; Kulikov, A I; Kumar, A; Kunde, G J; Kunz, C L; Kutuev, R Kh; Kuznetsov, A A; Lamont, M A C; Landgraf, J M; Lange, S; Lansdell, C P; Lasiuk, B; Laue, F; Lauret, J; Lebedev, A; Lednický, R; Leontiev, V M; LeVine, M J; Li, C; Li, Q; Lindenbaum, S J; Lisa, M A; Liu, F; Liu, L; Liu, Z; Liu, Q J; Ljubicic, T; Llope, W J; Long, H; Longacre, R S; Lopez-Noriega, M; Love, W A; Ludlam, T; Lynn, D; Ma, J; Ma, Y G; Magestro, D; Mahajan, S; Mangotra, L K; Mahapatra, D P; Majka, R; Manweiler, R; Margetis, S; Markert, C; Martin, L; Marx, J; Matis, H S; Matulenko, Yu A; McShane, T S; Meissner, F; Melnick, Yu; Meschanin, A; Messer, M; Miller, M L; Milosevich, Z; Minaev, N G; Mironov, C; Mishra, D; Mitchell, J; Mohanty, B; Molnar, L; Moore, C F; Mora-Corral, M J; Morozov, V; de Moura, M M; Munhoz, M G; Nandi, B K; Nayak, S K; Nayak, T K; Nelson, J M; Nevski, P; Nikitin, V A; Nogach, L V; Norman, B; Nurushev, S B; Odyniec, G; Ogawa, A; Okorokov, V; Oldenburg, M; Olson, D; Paic, G; Pandey, S U; Pal, S K; Panebratsev, Y; Panitkin, S Y; Pavlinov, A I; Pawlak, T; Perevoztchikov, V; Peryt, W; Petrov, V A; Phatak, S C; Picha, R; Planinic, M; Pluta, J; Porile, N; Porter, J; Poskanzer, A M; Potekhin, M; Potrebenikova, E; Potukuchi, B V K S; Prindle, D; Pruneau, C; Putschke, J; Rai, G; Rakness, G; Raniwala, R; Raniwala, S; Ravel, O; Ray, R L; Razin, S V; Reichhold, D; Reid, J G; Renault, G; Retiere, F; Ridiger, A; Ritter, H G; Roberts, J B; Rogachevski, O V; Romero, J L; Rose, A; Roy, C; Ruan, L J; Rykov, V; Sahoo, R; Sakrejda, I; Salur, S; Sandweiss, J; Savin, I; Schambach, J; Scharenberg, R P; Schmitz, N; Schroeder, L S; Schweda, K; Seger, J; Seliverstov, D; Seyboth, P; Shahaliev, E; Shao, M; Sharma, M; Shestermanov, K E; Shimanskii, S S; Singaraju, R N; Simon, F; Skoro, G; Smirnov, N; Snellings, R; Sood, G; Sorensen, P; Sowinski, J; Spinka, H M; Srivastava, B; Stanislaus, S; Stock, R; Stolpovsky, A; Strikhanov, M; Stringfellow, B; Struck, C; Suaide, A A P; Sugarbaker, E; Suire, C; Sumbera, M; Surrow, B; Symons, T J M; Szanto de Toledo, A; Szarwas, P; Tai, A; Takahashi, J; Tang, A H; Thein, D; Thomas, J H; Tikhomirov, V; Tokarev, M; Tonjes, M B; Trainor, T A; Trentalange, S; Tribble, R E; Trivedi, M D; Trofimov, V; Tsai, O; Ullrich, T; Underwood, D G; Van Buren, G; VanderMolen, A M; Vasiliev, A N; Vasiliev, M; Vigdor, S E; Viyogi, Y P; Voloshin, S A; Waggoner, W; Wang, F; Wang, G; Wang, X L; Wang, Z M; Ward, H; Watson, J W; Wells, R; Westfall, G D; Whitten, C; Wieman, H; Willson, R; Wissink, S W; Witt, R; Wood, J; Wu, J; Xu, N; Xu, Z; Xu, Z Z; Yakutin, A E; Yamamoto, E; Yang, J; Yepes, P; Yurevich, V I; Zanevski, Y V; Zborovský, I; Zhang, H; Zhang, H Y; Zhang, W M; Zhang, Z P; Zołnierczuk, P A; Zoulkarneev, R; Zoulkarneeva, J; Zubarev, A N

2003-08-15

We report measurements of single-particle inclusive spectra and two-particle azimuthal distributions of charged hadrons at high transverse momentum (high p(T)) in minimum bias and central d+Au collisions at sqrt[s(NN)]=200 GeV. The inclusive yield is enhanced in d+Au collisions relative to binary-scaled p+p collisions, while the two-particle azimuthal distributions are very similar to those observed in p+p collisions. These results demonstrate that the strong suppression of the inclusive yield and back-to-back correlations at high p(T) previously observed in central Au+Au collisions are due to final-state interactions with the dense medium generated in such collisions.

Social Engineering hits Social Commerce

Science.gov (United States)

Degenhardt, Werner; Wiele, Johannes

Looking at social commerce, a bunch of bewildering phenomena attracts the attention of social psychologists. The way customers participate today shows attitudes and ethical behavior which cannot be explained from the inherent conditions of Web 2.0 environments alone. Fraud often succeeds, when you do not expect it, and honesty can be found under circumstances that do not support honesty at all. The current situation seems to result from customers assigning experience and ethics from real world business to virtual business environments. But there are indications that this situation may change. Social commerce could suffer as soon as customers would use its inherent weaknesses to their own advantage. The following article outlines first approaches to research into this topic.

Thermoelectric properties of currently available Au/Pt thermocouples related to the valid reference function

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Edler F.

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Au/Pt thermocouples are considered to be an alternative to High Temperature Standard Platinum Resistance Thermometers (HTSPRTs for realizing temperatures according to the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90 in the temperature range between aluminium (660.323 °C and silver (961.78 °C. The original aim of this work was to develop and to validate a new reference function for Au/Pt thermocouples which reflects the properties of presently commercially available Au and Pt wires. The thermoelectric properties of 16 Au/Pt thermocouples constructed at different National Metrological Institutes by using wires from different suppliers and 4 commercially available Au/Pt thermocouples were investigated. Most of them exhibit significant deviations from the current reference function of Au/Pt thermocouples caused by the poor performance of the Au-wires available. Thermoelectric homogeneity was investigated by measuring immersion profiles during freezes at the freezing point of silver and in liquid baths. The thermoelectric inhomogeneities were found to be one order of magnitude larger than those of Au/Pt thermocouples of the Standard Reference Material® (SRM® 1749. The improvement of the annealing procedure of the gold wires is a key process to achieve thermoelectric homogeneities in the order of only about (2–3 mK, sufficient to replace the impracticable HTSPRTs as interpolation instruments of the ITS-90. Comparison measurements of some of the Au/Pt thermocouples against a HTSPRT and an absolutely calibrated radiation thermometer were performed and exhibit agreements within the expanded measurement uncertainties. It has been found that the current reference function of Au/Pt thermocouples reflects adequately the thermoelectric properties of currently available Au/Pt thermocouples.

Influence of Au Nanoparticle Shape on Au@Cu2O Heterostructures

OpenAIRE

Zhu, Jie; Lu, Na; Chen, Wei; Kong, Lina; Yang, Yun; Ma, Dekun; Huang, Shaoming

2015-01-01

Synthesis of metal-semiconductor heterostructures may allow the combination of function of the corresponding components and/or the enhanced performance resulting from the interactions between all the components. In this paper, Au@Cu2O core-shell heterostructures are prepared by a seed-growth method, using different-shaped Au nanocrystals as the seeds such as nanorods, octahedra, decahedra, dots, and nanocubes. The results revealed that the final structure of Au@Cu2O was greatly influenced by ...

20 CFR 656.12 - Improper commerce and payment.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Improper commerce and payment. 656.12 Section 656.12 Employees' Benefits EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR....12 Improper commerce and payment. The following provision applies to applications filed under both...

E-Commerce Comes Slowly But Surely to Education.

Science.gov (United States)

Revenaugh, Mickey

2000-01-01

Discusses why e-commerce is being used so sparingly by big business and school purchasers alike, the benefits on going on-line for school buyers, and the integration of e-commerce with the district's accounting and management information systems. Available online services are detailed. (GR)

L’équité au cœur des politiques climatiques : l’exemple des négociations relatives au climat et de la recherche de solutions à la crise énergétique

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Loïc Aubrée

2011-02-01

Full Text Available L’article débat de la question de l’équité dans la lutte contre les changements climatiques. Il établit un parallèle entre le développement pris au niveau international de la négociation entre Etats d’une part, et la pauvreté au niveau d’une collectivité d’autre part. Dans les deux cas, il s’agit à la fois d’un principe moral essentiel, mais aussi d’une condition centrale des consensus et donc de la réussite des politiques face au défi climatique. La question de l’équité renvoie aussi très vite au changement nécessaire des modes de vie vers plus de sobriété.The article debates Equity Issues in the Climate Change debate is debated. A parallel is set between the development issues at the international level of negotiations between States, and poverty alleviation at the local community level. In both cases, the discussions stem from an essential moral principle, but also as a requisite for consensus and thus a condition of success of climate change policies to combat Climate Change. The issue of equity brings also forward the necessary modification of consumption patterns, into more frugal modes.

Intelligent agents for e-commerce applications

Science.gov (United States)

Vuppala, Krishna

1999-12-01

This thesis focuses on development of intelligent agent solutions for e-commerce applications. E-Commerce has several complexities like: lack of information about the players, learning the nature of one's business partners/competitors, finding the right business partner to do business with, using the right strategy to get best profit out of the negotiations etc. The agent models developed can be used in any agent solution for e-commerce. Concepts and techniques from Game Theory and Artificial Intelligence are used. The developed models have several advantages over the existing ones as: the models assume the non-availability of information about other players in the market, the models of players get updated over the time as and when new information comes about the players, the negotiation model incorporates the patience levels of the players and expectations from other players in the market. Power industry has been chosen as the application area for the demonstration of the capabilities and usage of the developed agent models. Two e-commerce scenarios where sellers and buyers can go through the power exchanges to bid in auctions, or make bilateral deals outside of the exchange are addressed. In the first scenario agent helps market participants in coordinating strategies with other participants, bidding in auctions by analyzing and understanding the behavior of other participants. In the second scenario, called "Power Traders Assistant" agent helps power trader, who buys and sells power through bilateral negotiations, in negotiating deals with his customers.

Flow in Au+Au collisions at RHIC

Science.gov (United States)

Belt Tonjes, Marguerite; the PHOBOS Collaboration; Back, B. B.; Baker, M. D.; Ballintijn, M.; Barton, D. S.; Betts, R. R.; Bickley, A. A.; Bindel, R.; Budzanowski, A.; Busza, W.; Carroll, A.; Decowski, M. P.; García, E.; George, N.; Gulbrandsen, K.; Gushue, S.; Halliwell, C.; Hamblen, J.; Heintzelman, G. A.; Henderson, C.; Hofman, D. J.; Hollis, R. S.; Hołyński, R.; Holzman, B.; Iordanova, A.; Johnson, E.; Kane, J. L.; Katzy, J.; Khan, N.; Kucewicz, W.; Kulinich, P.; Kuo, C. M.; Lin, W. T.; Manly, S.; McLeod, D.; Mignerey, A. C.; Nouicer, R.; Olszewski, A.; Pak, R.; Park, I. C.; Pernegger, H.; Reed, C.; Remsberg, L. P.; Reuter, M.; Roland, C.; Roland, G.; Rosenberg, L.; Sagerer, J.; Sarin, P.; Sawicki, P.; Skulski, W.; Steinberg, P.; Stephans, G. S. F.; Sukhanov, A.; Tang, J.-L.; Trzupek, A.; Vale, C.; van Nieuwenhuizen, G. J.; Verdier, R.; Wolfs, F. L. H.; Wosiek, B.; Wozniak, K.; Wuosmaa, A. H.; Wysłouch, B.

2004-08-01

The study of flow can provide information on the initial state dynamics and the degree of equilibration attained in heavy-ion collisions. This contribution presents results for both elliptic and directed flow as determined from data recorded by the PHOBOS experiment in Au+Au runs at RHIC at \\sqrt{sNN} = 19.6, 130 and 200 GeV. The PHOBOS detector provides a unique coverage in pseudorapidity for measuring flow at RHIC. The systematic dependence of flow on pseudorapidity, transverse momentum, centrality and energy is discussed.

Customer vs. e-tailer:how tablet affects mobile commerce

OpenAIRE

Olaleye, S. A. (Sunday Adewale)

2016-01-01

Abstract The emergence of mobile devices, especially the tablet, has created chances and challenges for mobile commerce vendors across the continents, as they seek to increase their profits and optimize the users’ online shopping experience. This study examines how mobile devices affect mobile commerce with regards to tablet usage for online shopping in developed and developing nations. The intervention of mobile devices in mobile commerce should be aboveboard, so that it ca...

E-commerce

OpenAIRE

Corrêa, João Batista

2002-01-01

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo identificar as principais características do e-commerce que influenciam no processo de decisão de compra via internet, tendo o consumidor on-line como centro deste estudo. Evidenciou-se o processo de decisão de compra por este possibilitar uma análise de cada etapa "percorrida" pelo consumidor ao realizar s...

44 CFR 351.28 - The Department of Commerce.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false The Department of Commerce. 351.28 Section 351.28 Emergency Management and Assistance FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY... Assignments § 351.28 The Department of Commerce. (a) Assist State and local governments in determining their...

49 CFR 387.321 - Operations in foreign commerce.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Operations in foreign commerce. 387.321 Section 387.321 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL MOTOR CARRIER... Carriers and Property Brokers § 387.321 Operations in foreign commerce. No motor carrier may operate in the...

International Trade in Commerce with Liberal Arts: One Instructor's Dual Pursuit.

Science.gov (United States)

Trendota, Kristina

1982-01-01

The need for and opportunities presented by foreign language aptitude in international trade are noted, and a program in executive German at the College of Saint Catherine is described. The program emphasizes developing language skills, especially in correspondence, and learning to observe certain international conventions and courtesies. (MSE)

A Code of Ethics and Standards for Outer-Space Commerce

Science.gov (United States)

Livingston, David M.

2002-01-01

Now is the time to put forth an effective code of ethics for businesses in outer space. A successful code would be voluntary and would actually promote the growth of individual companies, not hinder their efforts to provide products and services. A properly designed code of ethics would ensure the development of space commerce unfettered by government-created barriers. Indeed, if the commercial space industry does not develop its own professional code of ethics, government- imposed regulations would probably be instituted. Should this occur, there is a risk that the development of off-Earth commerce would become more restricted. The code presented in this paper seeks to avoid the imposition of new barriers to space commerce as well as make new commercial space ventures easier to develop. The proposed code consists of a preamble, which underscores basic values, followed by a number of specific principles. For the most part, these principles set forth broad commitments to fairness and integrity with respect to employees, consumers, business transactions, political contributions, natural resources, off-Earth development, designated environmental protection zones, as well as relevant national and international laws. As acceptance of this code of ethics grows within the industry, general modifications will be necessary to accommodate the different types of businesses entering space commerce. This uniform applicability will help to assure that the code will not be perceived as foreign in nature, potentially restrictive, or threatening. Companies adopting this code of ethics will find less resistance to their space development plans, not only in the United States but also from nonspacefaring nations. Commercial space companies accepting and refining this code would demonstrate industry leadership and an understanding that will serve future generations living, working, and playing in space. Implementation of the code would also provide an off-Earth precedent for a modified

Au, Ag and Au:Ag colloidal nanoparticles synthesized by pulsed laser ablation as SERS substrates

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M. Vinod

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Chemically pure colloidal suspensions of gold and silver nanoparticles were synthesized using pulsed laser ablation. The dependence of laser fluence on the surface plasmon characteristics of the nanoparticles was investigated. Au:Ag colloidal suspensions were prepared by mixing highly monodisperse Au and Ag nanocolloids. The plasmon band of these mixtures was found to be highly sensitive to Au:Ag concentration ratio and wavelength of the laser beam used in the ablation process. The Au:Ag mixture consists of almost spherical shaped nanostructures with a tendency to join with adjacent ones. The surface enhanced Raman scattering activity of the Au, Ag and Au:Ag colloidal suspensions was tested using crystal violet as probe molecules. Enhancement in Raman signal obtained with Au:Ag substrates was found to be promising and strongly depends on its plasmon characteristics.

A pluggable service platform architecture for e-commerce

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Aulkemeier, Fabian; Paramartha, Mohammad Anggasta; Iacob, Maria Eugenia; van Hillegersberg, Jos

2016-01-01

In the beginning of the e-commerce era, retailers mostly adopted vertically integrated solutions to control the entire e-commerce value chain. However, they began to realize that to achieve agility, a better approach would be to focus on certain core capabilities and then create a partner ecosystem

Implications of e-commerce for banking and finance

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Heng, Michael S.H.

2001-01-01

The aim of the paper is to show that e-commerce holds the potential totransform banking and financial systems. There are three aspects in which e-commercecan affect banking and finance. First, banks and financial firms can use thetechnology and business practice of e-commerce to market their

Charged hadron transverse momentum distributions in Au+Au collisions at √sNN=200 GeV

Science.gov (United States)

Back, B. B.; Baker, M. D.; Barton, D. S.; Betts, R. R.; Ballintijn, M.; Bickley, A. A.; Bindel, R.; Budzanowski, A.; Busza, W.; Carroll, A.; Decowski, M. P.; García, E.; George, N.; Gulbrandsen, K.; Gushue, S.; Halliwell, C.; Hamblen, J.; Heintzelman, G. A.; Henderson, C.; Hofman, D. J.; Hollis, R. S.; Hołyński, R.; Holzman, B.; Iordanova, A.; Johnson, E.; Kane, J. L.; Katzy, J.; Khan, N.; Kucewicz, W.; Kulinich, P.; Kuo, C. M.; Lin, W. T.; Lee, J. W.; Manly, S.; McLeod, D.; Mignerey, A. C.; Nouicer, R.; Olszewski, A.; Pak, R.; Park, I. C.; Pernegger, H.; Reed, C.; Remsberg, L. P.; Reuter, M.; Roland, C.; Roland, G.; Rosenberg, L.; Sagerer, J.; Sarin, P.; Sawicki, P.; Skulski, W.; Steadman, S. G.; Steinberg, P.; Stephans, G. S. F.; Sukhanov, A.; Tang, J.-L.; Teng, R.; Trzupek, A.; Vale, C.; van Nieuwenhuizen, G. J.; Verdier, R.; Veres, G. I.; Wadsworth, B.; Wolfs, F. L. H.; Wosiek, B.; Woźniak, K.; Wuosmaa, A. H.; Wysłouch, B.

2004-01-01

We present transverse momentum distributions of charged hadrons produced in Au+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV. The spectra were measured for transverse momenta pT from 0.25 to 4.5 GeV/c in a pseudorapidity range of 0.2<η<1.4. The evolution of the spectra is studied as a function of collision centrality, from 65 to 344 participating nucleons. The results are compared to data from proton-antiproton collisions and Au+Au collisions at lower RHIC energies. We find a significant change of the spectral shape between proton-antiproton and semi-peripheral Au+Au collisions. Comparing semi-peripheral to central Au+Au collisions, we find that the yields at high pT exhibit approximate scaling with the number of participating nucleons, rather than scaling with the number of binary collisions.

Mobile Commerce and Applications: An Exploratory Study and Review

OpenAIRE

Hameed, Khawar; Ahsan, Kamran; Yang, Weijun

2010-01-01