A developmental study of proverb comprehension.

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Resnick, D A

1982-09-01

Growth in proverb comprehension was hypothesized to result from the gradual emergence of cognitive abilities reflected in a sequence of increasingly complex abilities: story matching, transfer of relations, desymbolization, proverb matching, and paraphrase. Items for these abilities for each of 10 proverbs of two structural types were administered in three test sessions to 438 students in grades three to seven. An analogy subtest was used to measure general intelligence. ANOVA yielded significant main effects for grade, tasks, and proverbs (all p's less than .01). A significant task x proverb interaction (p less than .01) revealed the difficulty of precise control over the language of the items. Proverb structure had no measurable impact on difficulty. Analogy score was a significant factor in performance (p less than .01) but not as potent as age (p less than .01). The sequential order of abilities received only weak confirmation, though tasks did correlate among themselves with medium strength (r's = .50-.70). Individual interviews added a qualitative dimension to the findings. The suitability of cognitive hierarchical models for proverb comprehension was questioned.

The Matti Kuusi International Database of Proverbs

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Outi Lauhakangas

2013-10-01

Full Text Available Based on Matti Kuusi’s library of proverb collections, the Matti Kuusi International Database of Proverbs is designed for cultural researchers, translators, and proverb enthusiasts. Kuusi compiled a card-index with tens of thousands of references to synonymic proverbs. The database is a tool for studying global similarities and national specificities of proverbs. This essay offers a practical introduction to the database, its classification system, and describes future plans for improvement of the database.

The problem of money in the hand of a fool

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James Alfred Loader

2012-10-01

Full Text Available This article focused on a single proverb, viz. Proverbs 17:16. The syntax and stylistic features were analysed to demonstrate the extreme polyvalence that can characterise terse aphorisms. Fifteen readings were examined and evaluated, resulting in the distillation of four equally valid clusters of meaning. This informed the argument that the terseness of aphorisms is con­ducive to multiple legitimate interpretations which constitute the ‘read ings’. The implications were considered in terms of intentionality and text­im man ence in detailed exegesis. It was concluded that a combination of sophisticated linguistics and styl istic sensitivity in proverb exegesis can, in the sense of Her derian and Gunkelian ‘Ein­füh­lung’ in minutiae, uncover a richness in ostensibly simple texts – which is to be distinguished from traditional methods claiming to probe ‘under the surface’.

UKRAINIAN HUT IN PROVERBS AND SAYINGS

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LAHDAN S. P

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Raising of problem. In modern Ukrainian society, which is undergoing a national renaissance, greatly deepened interest in the symbols of material and spiritual culture as a form of identification and identity. Inseparable from life as language, song, were and are proverbs and sayings. As an expression of acute intelligence people, aesthetic preferences, high morality, humor, accuracy, wit and strength, wisdom and beauty of poetic language, they accompany mankind from antiquity and enrich the new generation. Valuable signs of Ukrainian culture proverbs are also the fact that generally have exemplary character, as giving advice, caution, warn, approve, condemn. Based on rich experience, proverbs reflect all sectors of the Ukrainian people, especially bright life, habits, lifestyle and mentality. The most important element of life without which you cannot imagine life before and today is the house - the personification of his native home, family, independence, well-being and hospitality. In the beginning attached great importance to the house, she was treated with great respect, ordered decorated holiday and protected. It found expression in many proverbs and sayings. These samples of folk wisdom affecting the eternal themes so do not lose their relevance today. Their research makes it possible to understand the deeper spirituality, especially the outlook of the Ukrainian people. Purpose. To find out the semantics of the component "khata" in the proverbs and sayings identify productivity in shaping Ukrainian folklore. Conclusion. Proverbs and sayings of the component "hut" reflect various spheres of life Ukrainian: the organization of life, family relationships, moral and ethical code, mentality, especially social relations. Home is inseparable from its inhabitants, becoming masters of character, its appearance characterizes the attitude of the hosts it, the house represents those relationships that have developed between family members

Proverb comprehension in youth: the role of concreteness and familiarity.

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Nippold, M A; Haq, F S

1996-02-01

This study examined factors that were posited to play an important role in the development of proverb comprehension in school-age children and adolescents, namely, the concreteness and the familiarity of the expressions. Normally achieving students enrolled in Grades 5, 8, and 11 (n = 180) were administered a written forced-choice task that contained eight instances of four different types of proverbs: concrete-familiar ("A rolling stone gathers no moss"); concrete-unfamiliar ("A caged bird longs for the clouds"); abstract-familiar ("Two wrongs don't make a right"); and abstract-unfamiliar ("Of idleness comes no goodness"). Performance on the task steadily improved as a function of increasing grade level and, as predicted, the expressions proved to be differentially challenging: Concrete proverbs were easier to understand than abstract proverbs, and familiar proverbs were easier to understand than unfamiliar proverbs. The results concerning concreteness support the "metasemantic" hypothesis, the view that comprehension develops through active analysis of the words contained in proverbs. The results concerning familiarity support the "language experience" hypothesis, the view that comprehension develops through meaningful exposure to proverbs.

Stylistic devices in comical proverbs

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Burmistrova L. V.

2017-04-01

Full Text Available the article analyses stylistic devices in Russian and English comical proverbs. The author shows their influence on the content of comical proverbs and reveals a comic effect in them.

The Humanistic Value of Proverbs in Sociopolitical Discourse

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Wolfgang Mieder

2018-03-01

Full Text Available Proverbs as strategic signs for recurrent situations have long played a significant communicative role in political rhetoric. Folk proverbs as well as Bible proverbs appear as expressions of wisdom and common sense, adding authority and didacticism to the multifaceted aspects of sociopolitical discourse. Some proverbs like the golden rule “Do unto others as you would have them do unto you” (Matthew 7:12 or “It takes a village to raise a child” can function as traditional leitmotifs while other well-known proverbs might be changed into anti-proverbs to express innovative insights. The moralistic, evaluative, and argumentative employment of proverbs can be seen in the letters, speeches and writings by Lord Chesterfield, Abigail Adams, and Benjamin Franklin in the eighteenth century. Fredrick Douglass, Abraham Lincoln, Elisabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony stand out in their use of proverbs for civil and women’s rights during the nineteenth century. This effective preoccupation with proverbs for sociopolitical improvements can also be observed in the impressive oratory of Martin Luther King, Barack Obama, Hillary Rodham Clinton, and Bernie Sanders in the modern age. The ubiquitous proverbs underscore various political messages and add metaphorical as well as folkloric expressiveness to the worldview that social reformers and politicians wish to communicate. As commonly held beliefs the proverbs clearly bring humanistic values to political communications as they argue for an improved world order.

[Interpretation of proverbs and Alzheimer's disease].

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Báez, S; Mendoza, L; Reyes, P; Matallana, D; Montañés, P

To evaluate the performance of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the mild-moderate stage in a verbal material abstraction task that involves interpreting the implicit meaning of proverbs and sayings. A qualitative-quantitative analysis was carried out of the performance of 30 patients with AD and 30 controls, paired by age, gender and level of education. Patients had significantly greater difficulties than the controls when it came to interpreting proverbs. A high correlation was found between subjects' years of schooling and the overall score on the proverb interpretation test. Results suggest that the processes that may be predominantly affected in patients with AD are the investigation of the conditions of the problem, together with selecting an alternative and formulating a cognitive plan to resolve the task. The results help to further our knowledge of the characteristics of performance of patients with AD in a test involving the interpretation of the implicit meaning of proverbs and also provide information about the processes that may be predominantly affected. Further research is needed, however, on this subject area in order to obtain more conclusive explanations.

Using Proverb in Toghrai Isfahani\\'s Divan

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Mohammad Reza Ibnorrasool

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Using Proverb in Toghrai Isfahani's DivanMohammad Reza Ibnorrasool *Roghayyeh Ahmadi **AbstractUsing proverb is the time that the poet brings a famous saying or song in his poetryaccepted and popular among people. There is no doubt that every poet wants hispoetry to be everlasting. Therefore, he attempts to show his poetry wisely and himselfwise. The proverb gives the poetry universality and causes it to remain in minds andused in proper situations. From among the poets who lived in Abbasid era,Abootammam and Motanabbi are known in using proverbs.Toghrai is one of the greatest masters in Arabic literature and poetry and he madean interpretation of Mootanabbi's divan. His divan was pressed at first in Matbaato,gavaeb in Estanbol. Ode "Lamiyyatu,L_Ajam '' is one of his poetical masterpieces thatis universally celebrated and the literates explained it separately. In his divan, there areother songs with various purposes such as praise (madh and description.In this article, the compilers extracted proverbs or those used as proverb by readinghis divan and attempted to find sources in Koran and Arabic prose and poetry as wellas Persian literature for some of them.Key words: Using proverb, Toghrai, Arabic poetry, Arabic literature in Iran.

The case of proverbs in Northern Sotho

African Journals Online (AJOL)

user

The Use of Proverbs in Hip-hop Music: The Example of. Yoruba Proverbs in 9ice's Lyrics. Proverbium 31: 35-58. Čermák, F. 2014. Proverbs: Their Lexical and Semantic Features. Burlington, Vermont: University of. Vermont. Chabata, E. 2013. The Language Factor in the Development of Africa: A Case for the Compilation.

Cognitive, neurophysiological, and functional correlates of proverb interpretation abnormalities in schizophrenia.

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Kiang, Michael; Light, Gregory A; Prugh, Jocelyn; Coulson, Seana; Braff, David L; Kutas, Marta

2007-07-01

A hallmark of schizophrenia is impaired proverb interpretation, which could be due to: (1) aberrant activation of disorganized semantic associations, or (2) working memory (WM) deficits. We assessed 18 schizophrenia patients and 18 normal control participants on proverb interpretation, and evaluated these two hypotheses by examining within patients the correlations of proverb interpretation with disorganized symptoms and auditory WM, respectively. Secondarily, we also explored the relationships between proverb interpretation and a spectrum of cognitive functions including auditory sensory-memory encoding (as indexed by the mismatch negativity (MMN) event-related brain potential (ERP)); executive function; and social/occupational function. As expected, schizophrenia patients produced less accurate and less abstract descriptions of proverbs than did controls. These proverb interpretation difficulties in patients were not significantly correlated with disorganization or other symptom factors, but were significantly correlated (p proverb interpretation in schizophrenia, but implicate WM deficits, perhaps as a part of a syndrome related to generalized frontal cortical dysfunction.

What proverb understanding reveals about how people think.

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Gibbs, R W; Beitel, D

1995-07-01

The ability to understand proverbial sayings, such as a rolling stone gathers no moss, has been of great interest to researchers in many areas of psychology. Most psychologists assume that understanding the figurative meanings of proverbs requires various kinds of higher order cognitive abilities. The authors review the findings on proverb interpretation to examine the question of what proverb use and understanding reveals about the ways normal and dysfunctional individuals think. The widely held idea that failure to provide a figurative interpretation of a proverb necessarily reflects a deficit in specialized abstract thinking is rejected. Moreover, the ability to correctly explain what a proverb means does not necessarily imply that an individual can think abstractly. Various empirical evidence, nonetheless, suggests that the ability to understand many proverbs reveals the presence of metaphorical schemes that are ubiquitous in everyday thought.

Ancient Israelite and African proverbs as advice, reproach, warning, encouragement and explanation

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David T. Adamo

2015-11-01

Full Text Available With few exceptions, the majority of biblical scholars (Euroamericans and Africans concentrate on comparing ancient Israelite proverbs with the so-called ancient Near Eastern proverbs. Despite the importance of proverbs in Sub-Saharan Africa it is doubly unfortunate that the majority of African biblical scholars did not think it wise to compare proverbs from ancient Israel with Sub-Saharan African proverbs. It is also a double tragedy that young people in Sub-Saharan Africa are ignorant of proverbs because they have refused to learn them because they think them archaic. Proverbs in both ancient Israel and in Africa are similar in function and classification. Thus, they serve as advice, reproach, warning, encouragement and further explanation of some facts. They have great value and importance, such as giving a sense of identity, community, culture, respect for authority and elders, sacredness of everything under the sun and a sense of hospitality and others.

Old Proverbs in new Skins – An fMRI Study on Defamiliarization

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Isabel C Bohrn

2012-07-01

Full Text Available We investigated how processing fluency and defamiliarization contribute to the affective and aesthetic processing of reading in an event-related fMRI experiment with 26 participants. We compared the neural correlates of processing (a familiar German proverbs, (b unfamiliar proverbs, (c twisted variations which altered the concept of the original proverb (anti-proverbs, (d variations with incorrect wording but the same concept as the original proverb (violated proverbs, and (e non-rhetorical sentences. We report processing differences between anti-proverbs and violated proverbs. Anti-proverbs triggered a process of affective evaluation relying on self-referential thinking and semantic memory in contrast to violated proverbs, which recruited the frontotemporal attention and error detection network. In consistence with the coarse semantic coding theory, proverb familiarity affected lateralization: relative to non-rhetorical sentences highly familiar proverbs activated the left parahippocampal gyrus, whereas unfamiliar proverbs activated an extensive network, covering bilateral frontotemporal cortex. Despite affective processing being enhanced for anti-proverbs, familiar proverbs received the highest beauty ratings. Effects of familiarity and defamiliarization on the aesthetic perception of literature will be discussed.

Morphosemantic Attributes of Meetei Proverbs

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Singh, Lourembam Surjit

2015-01-01

This study proposes to investigate the functions of morphosemantic in Meetei proverbs, particularly the attribution of different meanings of the lexical items in Meetei Proverbial verbs. Meetei society has been using proverbs in the all ages, stages of development, social changes, and cultural diversifications to mark their wisdom of social…

Old proverbs in new skins - an FMRI study on defamiliarization.

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Bohrn, Isabel C; Altmann, Ulrike; Lubrich, Oliver; Menninghaus, Winfried; Jacobs, Arthur M

2012-01-01

We investigated how processing fluency and defamiliarization (the art of rendering familiar notions unfamiliar) contribute to the affective and esthetic processing of reading in an event-related functional magnetic-resonance-imaging experiment. We compared the neural correlates of processing (a) familiar German proverbs, (b) unfamiliar proverbs, (c) defamiliarized variations with altered content relative to the original proverb (proverb-variants), (d) defamiliarized versions with unexpected wording but the same content as the original proverb (proverb-substitutions), and (e) non-rhetorical sentences. Here, we demonstrate that defamiliarization is an effective way of guiding attention, but that the degree of affective involvement depends on the type of defamiliarization: enhanced activation in affect-related regions (orbito-frontal cortex, medPFC) was found only if defamiliarization altered the content of the original proverb. Defamiliarization on the level of wording was associated with attention processes and error monitoring. Although proverb-variants evoked activation in affect-related regions, familiar proverbs received the highest beauty ratings.

Tamed identities? Glimpsing her identity in Proverbs 10:1–22:16 and selected African proverbs

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Madipoane Masenya

2018-04-01

Full Text Available Notions about worthy womanhood are shaped to a large extent by the cultural contexts in which they are constructed. In the global village though, shaped as it is mainly by Eurocentric cultures, it would be presumptuous to assume that one can with certainty pinpoint what may be termed ‘purely traditional African notions of womanhood’. Also, it will be an exaggeration to argue that Africa does not have its own notions on ideal womanhood. Particularly in Christian African contexts, notions about womanhood are still shaped to a large extent by both the traditional African worldviews and the received biblical interpretations about womanhood. In the preceding scenario, one wonders if women’s identities reveal their real selves or whether they are tamed, and thus artificial. In one’s attempt to unravel notions of womanhood from both the corpus, Proverbs 10:1–22:16 and in the South African context (cf. selected African proverbs, this article has sought to answer the following main question: if images of women in selected African (Northern Sotho proverbs (cf. also selected South African narratives and in the book of Proverbs (cf. Pr 10:1–22:16 are brought together, what kind of picture may emerge from such a comparison?

Proverb Interpretation Changes in Aging

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Uekermann, Jennifer; Thoma, Patrizia; Daum, Irene

2008-01-01

Recent investigations have emphasized the involvement of fronto-subcortical networks to proverb comprehension. Although the prefrontal cortex is thought to be affected by normal aging, relatively little work has been carried out to investigate potential effects of aging on proverb comprehension. In the present investigation participants in three…

Proverbs and sayings as reflection of people’s perception of the world

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Masharipova, Nargiza; Yuldasheva, Zaynab

2014-01-01

The article is devoted to the significance of proverbs and sayings in people`s life and also the analysis of Uzbek proverbs and sayings with the English proverbs and their equivalents with other languages. There are given some Uzbek proverbs and sayings which are common use in people`s speech and their comparison with the English language.

The African proverbs project and after | Mbiti | Lexikos

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The Project has generated both local and international interest in African paremiography and paremiology. Four academic institutions in South Africa, Kenya, Ghana and the Ivory Coast, with links to others in Africa, Europe and America, are continuing this work on proverbs. Keywords: african proverbs project, african ...

Mexican Proverbs: The Philosophy, Wisdom and Humor of a People.

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Ballesteros, Octavio A.

Careful reading of proverbs can aid an individual to develop self-awareness by providing insights into what one cultural group considers desirable human behavior. Respect for the elderly can be taught to the young through the study of proverbs. Through their proverbs, the Mexicans reveal their friendliness, love of animals, sense of humor, and…

APHORISMS IN THE NOVELS OF HAKAN GÜNDAY HAKAN GÜNDAY ROMANLARINDA AFORİZMALAR

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Caner KERİMOĞLU

2010-01-01

Full Text Available In this article, aphorisms in the novels of Hakan Günday are studied. Initially, in introduction some information about the etymology of the word “aphorism”, the place of aphorisms in Turkish literature, Hakan Günday and Günday’s novels is given, and then aphorisms in the novels are listed. Aphorisms are listed according to thematic titles. 8 titles are identified as human, time, place, business, religion-nation, organization, communication and other concepts. Distribution of aphorisms is as follows : Human 55, time 30, place 5, business 24, organization 15, religion-nation 12, communication 9, other concepts 23. This article includes 173 aphorisms in Günday’s novels. Bu makalede Hakan Günday’ın romanlarındaki aforizmalar incelenmiştir. İlk olarak giriş bölümünde aforizma kelimesinin kökeni, Türk edebiyatında aforizma türünün yeri, Hakan Günday ve Günday’ın romanları hakkında kısa bilgiler verilmiştir. Ardından inceleme bölümünde romanlardaki aforizmalar sınıflandırılmıştır. Aforizmalar tematik başlıklara göre sıralanmıştır. İnsan, zaman, mekân, iş, örgütlenme, din-ulus, iletişim ve diğer kavramlar olmak üzere 8 başlık belirlenmiş ve aforizmalar bu 8 başlığa göre listelenmiştir. İnceleme sonucunda aforizmaların bu başlıklara dağılımı şu şekilde olmuştur: İnsan başlığı altında 55, zaman başlığı altında 30, mekân başlığı altında 5, iş başlığı altında 24, örgütlenme başlığı altında 15, din-ulus başlığı altında 12, iletişim başlığı altında 9, diğer kavramlar başlığı altında 23. Çalışmada Hakan Günday’ın romanlarında geçen toplam 173 aforizmaya yer verilmiştir

The Tragedy in Mariana (MG: Aphorizations, Media and Argumentation

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Glaucia Muniz Proença Lara

2017-02-01

Full Text Available In situations of disaster or tragedy of major proportions, as it was the case of the disruption of the dam belonging to the mining company Samarco, in Mariana - MG, the voices of the victims – people now dispossessed of all or almost all – are highlighted, dividing media space with the speech of authorities and experts. Articulating this issue with the notion of aphorization proposed by Maingueneau (2012, our goal is to analyze the special section of the newspaper Estado de Minas (12/05/2015 , entitled: “Mariana voices: pain in the first person” (“Vozes de Mariana: a dor em primeira pessoa”, so as to find out how secondary aphrorizations (i.e. those that are detached from a text in the form of titles, intertitles and/or photo captions related to the victims are (reconstructed by the newspaper. Articulating French Discourse Analysis with the contributions of Argumentative Semantics (see, for example, DUCROT 1987 , KOCH , 1992, we intend to grasp, in the examined aphorizations, linguistic “marks”, such as vocabulary selection, modalizers, presupposition markers, among others, that allow us to reconstruct the feelings (“the pain” manifested by these “anonymous voices” about the tragedy. We assume, therefore, the fundamental role that the media play in the construction of public opinion, to the extent that, by highlighting or silencing certain voices, they will (conform images of the events and of the participating actors.

On the role of Igbo proverbs in conflict resolution and reconciliation ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Achebe (1958) describes the Igbo proverb as the palm oil with which words are eaten. ... The study adopts the speech act theory in the analysis of some selected proverbs bringing out the various functions and impact of proverbs in enhancing conflict resolution and promotion of peaceful co-existence in human interpersonal ...

Proverb and idiom comprehension in Alzheimer disease.

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Kempler, D; Van Lancker, D; Read, S

1988-01-01

Twenty-nine patients diagnosed with Probable Alzheimer Disease were administered tests of word, familiar phrases (idioms and proverbs), and novel phrase comprehension. From the early stage of the disease, patients performed worse at understanding familiar phrases than single words or novel phrases. The results uphold common observations that AD patients have difficulty interpreting abstract meanings. Cognitive variables responsible for poor idiom/proverb comprehension and the clinical implications of this new protocol are discussed.

Encouragement proverbs and their discourse relevance: A case ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Proverbs imbue the speaker with the ability to make his or her expressions more flashy and culturally relevant to the topic of discourse. This is the reason why Africans employ them in conversations to accomplish acts which cannot be realised by ordinary words. Be that as it may, certain proverbs in Oghe dialect of Igbo are ...

Utility of proverb interpretation measures with cardiac transplant candidates.

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Dugbartey, A T

1998-12-01

To assess metaphorical understanding and proverb interpretation in cardiac transplant candidates, the neuropsychological assessment records of 22 adults with end-stage cardiac disease under consideration for transplantation were analyzed. Neuropsychological tests consisted of the Controlled Oral Word Association Test, Halstead Category Test, Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (Copy), Trial Making Test, and summed scores for the proverb items of the WAIS-R Comprehension subtest. Analysis showed that the group tended to interpret proverbs literally. Proverb scores were significantly associated with scores on the Similarities and Picture Arrangement subtests of the WAIS-R. There was a moderate negative association between number of reported heart attacks and Proverb scores. The need for brief yet robust assessments including measures of inferential thinking and conceptualization in transplant candidates are highlighted.

A Comparison of English and Japanese Proverbs Using Natural Semantic Metalanguage

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Miles Neale

2015-06-01

Full Text Available This investigation examines the meaning of semantically similar English and Japanese proverbs. It uses textual data sourced from online corpora to highlight and compare the different cultural and conceptual elements embedded within these proverbs. The findings of this investigation demonstrate that matching proverbs from different languages is a potentially problematic exercise, both in dictionaries and in the second-language classroom.

Local Imagery, Proverbs and Metaphors in Chinua Achebe's Anthills ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

In many African cultures, a feeling for language, for imagery and for the expression of abstract ideas through compressed and allusive phraseology, comes out particularly clearly in proverbs. The figurative quality of proverbs, local imagery, simile and metaphors are striking. This paper examines some snatches of Chinua ...

Old Proverbs in New Skins – An fMRI Study on Defamiliarization

Science.gov (United States)

Bohrn, Isabel C.; Altmann, Ulrike; Lubrich, Oliver; Menninghaus, Winfried; Jacobs, Arthur M.

2012-01-01

We investigated how processing fluency and defamiliarization (the art of rendering familiar notions unfamiliar) contribute to the affective and esthetic processing of reading in an event-related functional magnetic-resonance-imaging experiment. We compared the neural correlates of processing (a) familiar German proverbs, (b) unfamiliar proverbs, (c) defamiliarized variations with altered content relative to the original proverb (proverb-variants), (d) defamiliarized versions with unexpected wording but the same content as the original proverb (proverb-substitutions), and (e) non-rhetorical sentences. Here, we demonstrate that defamiliarization is an effective way of guiding attention, but that the degree of affective involvement depends on the type of defamiliarization: enhanced activation in affect-related regions (orbito-frontal cortex, medPFC) was found only if defamiliarization altered the content of the original proverb. Defamiliarization on the level of wording was associated with attention processes and error monitoring. Although proverb-variants evoked activation in affect-related regions, familiar proverbs received the highest beauty ratings. PMID:22783212

Proverb explanation through the lifespan: a developmental study of adolescents and adults.

Science.gov (United States)

Nippold, M A; Uhden, L D; Schwarz, I E

1997-04-01

A proverb explanation task consisting of 24 low-familiarity expressions was administered to 353 individuals ranging in age from 13 through 79 years. Half the proverbs were composed of concrete nouns ("A caged bird longs for the clouds") and half were composed of abstract nouns ("Humility often gains more than pride"). The task was designed to examine how patterns of language growth in adults compare to those observed in adolescents. It also served as a tool for examining the "metasemantic hypothesis," the view that complex semantic units, such as proverbs, are learned through active analysis of the words they contain. Performance on the task improved markedly during adolescence and into early adulthood. It reached a plateau during the 20s, remained stable during the 30s, 40s, and 50s, and began a slight decline during the 60s that reached statistical significance during the 70s. Concrete proverbs were easier to explain than abstract proverbs for adolescents and for adults in their 20s, but the two proverb types did not differ for adults in their 30s and older. Thus, the metasemantic hypothesis was supported for adolescents and young adults. For the adults, performance on the proverb explanation task was related to the number of years of formal education they had completed.

The Representation of Jews in Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Hungarian Proverb Collections

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Ilana Rosen

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Proverbs are concise formulations of folk wisdom and as such, when seen in masses, they may well express the spirit of their time and place. In Hungarian proverbial lore Jews figure prominently in nineteenth-century proverb collections but fade out of such collections as of the mid-twentieth century. In the nineteenth-century proverb collections Jews are invariably portrayed as faithless, dishonest, greedy, physically weak and unattractive. Largely, this portrayal as well as the dynamics of the earlier presence of Jews versus their later disappearance from Hungarian proverb collections match the shared history of Hungarians and Hungarian Jews since the 1867 Emancipation of the country's Jews and possibly even earlier, through their growing integration in significant arenas of their host society, up to their persecution and annihilation in the Holocaust, and later their decade long forced merging into the general Hungarian society under communism. This article traces the occurrence and disappearance of Jews in Hungarian proverb collections throughout the last two centuries and analyzes the language, content and messages of the proverbs about Jews in these collections.

Figures of Association and Sound in some Nigerian Proverbs ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Figures of Speech are expressions which depart from the acceptable literary sense that are employed to give particular emphasis to an idea or a sentiment in order to beautify a literary work such as poetry and proverbs. These devices occupy an important position in proverbs and they perform functions which make the ...

Adequate proverb interpretation is associated with performance on the independent living scales.

Science.gov (United States)

Ahmed, Fayeza S; Miller, L Stephen

2015-01-01

The purpose of this study was to examine proverb interpretation performance and functional independence in older adults. From the limited literature on proverb interpretation in aging and its conceptualization as an executive function, it was hypothesized that proverb interpretation would be related to functional independence similar to other executive functions. Tests of proverb interpretation, additional executive functions, and functional ability were administered to nondemented older adults. Results showed that proverb interpretation accounted for a significant amount of unique variance of functional ability scores. This supports including a measure of proverb interpretation to the assessment of older adults.

Culture as a Problem in the Translation of Jordanian Proverbs into English

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Bakri Hussein Suleiman Al-Azzam

2017-12-01

Full Text Available The study aims at identifying the cultural problems, encountered in the translation of Jordanian proverbs into English. The significance of the study stems from the fact that it stresses on the social, colloquial, and folkloric use of proverbs that adds to the various implications of them. It relies on the selection of proverbs that are used and understood in different regions of Jordan. They address different social and cultural issues, and this makes indispensible the relationship between Jordanians and their cultural and social values. The conventions of the proverbs reflect their historical background, and the actual incidents or events that have led to their formation, utterance, currency, and frequency. The whole proverbial context has been pivotally and elementally noticed in proverbs' construction, and this fact enhances both the utterer and the audience in the comprehension of the proverb. Translating the selected proverbs into English collides with many challenges, of which the cultural ones are observed as the most manifest. What adds to the translation challenges is the colloquialism of the proverbs, which gives them enough semantic, social, and cultural values that cannot be stripped or ignored in the literal translation of the proverbs.

Proverb comprehension in individuals with agenesis of the corpus callosum.

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Rehmel, Jamie L; Brown, Warren S; Paul, Lynn K

2016-09-01

Comprehension of non-literal language involves multiple neural systems likely involving callosal connections. We describe proverb comprehension impairments in individuals with isolated agenesis of the corpus callosum (AgCC) and normal-range general intelligence. Experiment 1 compared Gorham Proverb Test (Gorham, 1956) performance in 19 adults with AgCC and 33 neurotypical control participants of similar age, sex, and intelligence. Experiment 2 used the Proverbs subtest of the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS, 2001) to compare 19 adults with AgCC and 17 control participants with similar age, sex, and intelligence. Gorham Proverbs performance was impaired in the AgCC group for both the free-response and multiple-choice tasks. On the D-KEFS proverbs test, the AgCC group performed significantly worse on the free-response task (and all derivative scores) despite normal levels of performance on the multiple-choice task. Covarying verbal intelligence did not alter these outcomes. However, covarying a measure of non-literal language comprehension considerably reduced group differences in proverb comprehension on the Gorham test, but had little effect on the D-KEFS group differences. The difference between groups seemed to be greatest when participants had to generate their own interpretation (free response), or in the multiple choice format when the test included many proverbs that were likely to be less familiar. Taken together, the results of this study clearly show that proverb comprehension is diminished in individuals with AgCC compared to their peers. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Proverb comprehension impairments in schizophrenia are related to executive dysfunction.

Science.gov (United States)

Thoma, Patrizia; Hennecke, Marie; Mandok, Tobias; Wähner, Alfred; Brüne, Martin; Juckel, Georg; Daum, Irene

2009-12-30

The study aimed to investigate the pattern of proverb comprehension impairment and its relationship to proverb familiarity and executive dysfunction in schizophrenia. To assess the specificity of the impairment pattern to schizophrenia, alcohol-dependent patients were included as a psychiatric comparison group, as deficits of executive function and theory of mind as well as dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex, which have been related to proverb comprehension difficulties, are common in both disorders. Twenty-four schizophrenia patients, 20 alcohol-dependent patients and 34 healthy controls were administered a multiple-choice proverb interpretation task incorporating ratings of subjective familiarity and measures of executive function. Schizophrenia patients chose the correct abstract and meaningful interpretations less frequently and instead chose the incorrect concrete (both meaningless and meaningful) proverb interpretations more often than alcohol-dependent patients and healthy controls. Relative to healthy controls, schizophrenia patients also chose more abstract-meaningless response alternatives and were impaired in all executive domains. Impaired divided attention was most consistently associated with proverb interpretation deficits in both patient groups. Taken together, schizophrenia patients showed a specific pattern of proverb comprehension impairments related to executive dysfunction and symptoms. The comparison with the alcohol-dependent subgroup suggests that a more comprehensive and severe impairment of complex higher-order cognitive functions including executive behavioural control and non-literal language comprehension might be associated with frontal dysfunction in schizophrenia as compared to alcohol use disorder.

Pragmatic Failure in Interpreting Some Proverbs found in SMAN 1 Lubuk Alung

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Yeyep Natrio

2018-04-01

Full Text Available Phenomenon of using proverb in academic environment particularly school is usual right now. Not only using Indonesian proverb but also using English proverb, students are interested to apply them. The trend to use English as the L2 in presenting good philosophy of life is one method to help students to master and acquaintance with English. In term of English proverb, it is usually used to present condition of school environment, students, and the regulation of school which are managed systematically. Particularly, most of the English proverbs in SMAN 1 Lubuk Alung are applied to boost motivation of the students. In fact, there are some of them are misled in transferring the meaning from the real receptor language. The translation of the proverbs were dull and were not appropriate to English sense as receptor language. Learners are unaware of the pragmatic knowledge that a proverb has because they do not recognize the purpose of the communicative act that a proverb has socio-pragmatically. I conclude that the proverbs which were taken from Senior High School No. 1 Lubuk Alung, West Sumatera tends to the incorrect translation so that the students have a problem called pragmatic failure. The process of applying the English proverbs to represent the Indonesian proverbs is not suitable in the Receptor Language (RL, English. There is misleading of choosing word and also the arrangement/ structure of those words. The effort of delivering similar message in another language was failed since they did not know how to transfer knowledge about linguistic, cultural, and social information about the target language.

WISDOM VALUESIN THE BANJARESE PROVERBS

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Rezqan Noor Farid

2015-09-01

Full Text Available This study is aimed to reveal parts of Banjarese proverbs which contain wisdom values, to find kinds of wisdom values represented through the Banjarese proverbs, and to reveal social contexts influencing the producing and interpreting process of the proverbs. The data of this study are gathered and selected from several literatures of Banjarese which are then analyzed using critical linguistics.  The results of this study show that the parts which contain the wisdom values of the Banjarese people are the clues of interpretation. The wisdom values are also related to the good and the bad behaviours of Banjarese people. It is also found that Islam, as the religion followed by the majority of the Banjarese people, influences the Banjarese culture and Banjarese proverbs. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mencari tahu bagian mana saja dari peribahasa bahasa Banjar yang mengandung nilai kerarifan, menemukan bentuk nilai kearifan didalamnya, dan mengetahui apakah terdapat suatu konteks social yang mempengaruhi proses pembentukan dan penginterpetasian peribahasa itu sendiri. Data dalam studi ini dirangkum dari beberapa literatur yang ditulis oleh orang Banjar sendiri yang dipilih dengan alasan hanya literatur tersebut lah yang tersedia pada waktu studi ini dibuat. Data tersebut kemudian dianalisa dengan metode linguistic kritis. Studi ini menunjukkan bagian dari peribahasa Banjar yang cenderung mengandung nilai kearifan adalah penanda interpretasi. Hasil studi ini juga menunjukkan nilai kearifan dalam peribahasa Banjar terkait dengan sikap yang tidak patut ditiru dan sikap yang pantas untuk diikuti. Dan diasumsikan juga bahwa agama islam, yang terhitung sebagai agama yang dipeluk mayoritas penduduk Banjar, ternyata memiliki pengaruh terhadap kebudayaan dan peribahasa Banjar.

Neural correlates of Korean proverb processing: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

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Yi, You Gyoung; Kim, Dae Yul; Shim, Woo Hyun; Oh, Joo Young; Kim, Sung Hyun; Kim, Ho Sung

2017-10-01

The Korean language is based on a syntactic system that is different from other languages. This study investigated the processing area of the Korean proverb in comparison with the literal sentence using functional magnetic resonance imaging. In addition, the effect of opacity and transparency of proverbs on the activation pattern, when familiarity is set to the same condition, was also examined. The experimental stimuli included 36 proverbs and 18 literal sentences. A cohort of 15 healthy participants silently read each sentence for 6 s. A total of 18 opaque proverbs, 18 transparent proverbs, and 18 literal sentences were presented pseudo-randomly in one of three predesigned sequences. Compared with the literal sentences, a significant activation pattern was observed in the left hemisphere, including the left inferior frontal gyrus, in association with the proverbs. Compared with the transparent proverbs, opaque proverbs elicited more activation in the right supramarginal gyrus and precuneus. Our study confirmed that the left inferior frontal gyrus mediates the retrieval and/or selection of semantic knowledge in the Korean language. The present findings indicated that the right precuneus and the right supramarginal gyrus may be involved in abstract language processing.

The relevance of Ghanaian Akan proverbs to explanations of ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Proverbs are mostly crafted from human experiences and insights and have been ... resource (HR) principles and corporate values such as team work, training and ... Keywords: Ghanaian Akan proverbs, corporate values, human resource ...

Stories, Proverbs, and Anecdotes as Scaffolds for Learning Science Concepts

Science.gov (United States)

Mutonyi, Harriet

2016-01-01

Few research studies in science education have looked at how stories, proverbs, and anecdotes can be used as scaffolds for learning. Stories, proverbs, and anecdotes are cultural tools used in indigenous communities to teach children about their environment. The study draws on Bruner's work and the theory of border crossing to argue that stories,…

Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Job

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nielsen, Kirsten

2007-01-01

The article consists of a literary reading of three Old Testament wisdom books, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes and the Book of Job. The reading strategies employed are analysis of imagery and intertextual reading. The articles concludes in a presenatation of images of God in wisdom literature....

Utility of Hippocrates' prognostic aphorism to predict death in the modern era: prospective cohort study.

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St John, Philip D; Montgomery, Patrick R

2014-12-15

To determine if one of Hippocrates' aphorisms, identifying good cognition and good appetite as two prognostic factors, predicts death in community living older adults in the modern era. Secondary analysis of an existing population based cohort study. Manitoba Study of Health and Aging. 1751 community living adults aged more than 65 enrolled in the Manitoba Study of Health and Aging in 1991 and followed over five years. Time to death. We recreated the hippocratic prognosticator using an item that measures appetite drawn from the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-depression subscale, and the mini-mental state examination, with a score of >25 being considered as normal. People with normal cognition and appetite were compared with those with either poor cognition or poor appetite. We constructed Cox regression models, adjusted for age, sex, education, and functional status. The prognostic aphorism predicted death, with an unadjusted hazard ratio of 2.37 (95% confidence interval 1.93 to 2.88) and a hazard ratio of 1.71 (1.37 to 2.12) adjusted for age, sex, and education. Both poor appetite and poor cognition predicted death. The sensitivity and specificity were not, however, sufficient for the measure to be used alone. An aphorism devised by Hippocrates millennia ago can predict death in the modern era. © St John et al 2014.

Utility of Hippocrates’ prognostic aphorism to predict death in the modern era: prospective cohort study

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Montgomery, Patrick R

2014-01-01

Objective To determine if one of Hippocrates’ aphorisms, identifying good cognition and good appetite as two prognostic factors, predicts death in community living older adults in the modern era. Design Secondary analysis of an existing population based cohort study. Setting Manitoba Study of Health and Aging. Participants 1751 community living adults aged more than 65 enrolled in the Manitoba Study of Health and Aging in 1991 and followed over five years. Main outcome measure Time to death. Methods We recreated the hippocratic prognosticator using an item that measures appetite drawn from the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-depression subscale, and the mini-mental state examination, with a score of >25 being considered as normal. People with normal cognition and appetite were compared with those with either poor cognition or poor appetite. We constructed Cox regression models, adjusted for age, sex, education, and functional status. Results The prognostic aphorism predicted death, with an unadjusted hazard ratio of 2.37 (95% confidence interval 1.93 to 2.88) and a hazard ratio of 1.71 (1.37 to 2.12) adjusted for age, sex, and education. Both poor appetite and poor cognition predicted death. The sensitivity and specificity were not, however, sufficient for the measure to be used alone. Conclusion An aphorism devised by Hippocrates millennia ago can predict death in the modern era. PMID:25512328

Proverb comprehension reconsidered--'theory of mind' and the pragmatic use of language in schizophrenia.

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Brüne, Martin; Bodenstein, Luise

2005-06-15

For decades, impaired proverb comprehension has been regarded as typical of schizophrenic thought disorder. Testing patients' proverb understanding has widely been abandoned, however, due to poor reliability and validity of the assessment procedures. Since the underlying cognitive deficit of impaired proverb interpretation remained obscure, this study sought to determine the relation of proverb understanding with other cognitive domains, particularly 'theory of mind' or 'mindreading', in schizophrenia. 31 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia were assessed using a novel German Proverb Test [Barth, A., Küfferle, B., 2001. Die Entwicklung eines Sprichworttests zur Erfassung konkretistischer Denkstörungen bei schizophrenen Patienten. Nervenarzt 72, 853-858.], a 'theory of mind' test battery, a variety of executive functioning tests and verbal intelligence. Psychopathology was measured using the PANSS [Kay, S.R., Opler, L.A., Lindenmayer, J.P., 1989. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS): rationale and standardisation. Br. J. Psychiatry 158 (suppl. 7), 59-67.]. Patients' task performance was compared to a group of healthy control persons. 'Theory of mind', executive functioning and intelligence were strongly correlated with patients' ability to interpret proverbs correctly. In a regression analysis 'theory of mind' performance predicted, conservatively estimated, about 39% of the variance of proverb comprehension in the patient group. The ability to interpret such metaphorical speech that is typical of many proverbs crucially depends on schizophrenic patients' ability to infer mental states. Future studies may further address differences between schizophrenia subtypes or the relation to specific symptom clusters.

Attitudes of Acehnese People towards Acehnese Proverbs in Relation to Education

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Chairina Nasir

2015-03-01

Full Text Available This study is aimed at describing proverbs from the Acehnese society and explaining the attitudes of people towards those proverbs in relation to education. The methodology applied was ethnographic using a questionnaire to obtain data. A number of 14 respondents who varied across ages, educational background and occupations participated in this study. These respondents included three housewives, two university students, one fresh graduate, one junior high school and two senior high school students, one trader, two senior citizens, one teacher and one civil servant. Based on the findings, the attitude nowadays of the Acehnese has changed radically. Out of eight adults, only three were actively using proverbs in their daily lives and teaching their children those proverbs. All of the young people, who ranged from fourteen to twenty three years old, did not use proverbs. In relation to education, proverbs are used to teach the society about courtesy, advices (e.g. for choosing companions and friends in life, child rearing, socializing/conversing, and not to mind other people’s business, and shyness as part of faith. Furthermore, a significant language shift has occurred in Aceh which has impacted Acehnese oral literature whereby more parents today prefer Indonesian to be taught as their children’s first language (Alamsyah, et al., 2011. Consequently this has put the Acehnese proverbs under the threat of becoming extinct in their own society.

Spiritual formation and the nurturing of creative spirituality: A case study in Proverbs

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Anneke Viljoen

2016-03-01

Full Text Available The article is positioned in the interface between Old Testament scholarship and the discipline of spiritual direction of which spiritual formation is a component. The contribution that a Ricoeurian hermeneutic may make in unlocking the potential which an imaginal engagement with the book of Proverbs may hold for the discipline of spiritual formation was explored. Specifically three aspects of the text of Proverbs illustrated the creative process at work in the text, and how it converges with the concept of spiritual formation and the nurturing of creative spirituality. These aspects were, the development in Lady Wisdom�s discourses, the functional definition of the fear of Yahweh (illustrated from Proverbs 10:1�15:33, and the paradigmatic character of the book of Proverbs.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: The research is positioned in the interface between Old Testament studies and Practical Theology. The research results in the enhancement of the interdisciplinary dialogue and interchange of resources between the named disciplines with regard to the interest in formation of persons that the biblical book of Proverbs and the discipline of spiritual formation shares.Keywords: Spiritual formation; fear of Yahweh; Proverbs; Wisdom; Hermeneutics; Paul Ricoeur; Symbolic world; Textual reference

ENCOURAGEMENT PROVERBS AND THEIR DISCOURSE ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

JONATHAN

A CASE STUDY OF OGHE DIALECT OF IGBO ... data for the analysis were oral interviews and were gathered during ... conversations among native speakers of the dialect under discourse. .... proverb is not interpreted or explained as the belief is, that if it is done, it means that the ..... Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books.

Proverbes dramatiques w polskiej dramaturgii XIX wieku

OpenAIRE

Szumska, Katarzyna

2015-01-01

The article presents the nineteenth-century history of the genre called proverbe dramatique – a transformation from a theatrical form the origins of which lie in the seventeenth-century dinner games to a work of literature. The sketch presents the origins and the development of the genre, its thematic and formal evolution; characteristic features, including in particular syncretism of genres – combining proverbs with, among others, comedy of manners and romantic comedy, comedy of errors and c...

Proverb comprehension in context: a developmental study with children and adolescents.

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Nippold, M A; Martin, S A; Erskine, B J

1988-03-01

Although previous studies have reported that proverb comprehension remains quite literal before adolescence, the results of the present study indicated that fourth graders performed well on a proverb comprehension task involving contextual information and a written multiple choice format. It was also found that performance on the proverb task steadily improved at least through the eighth grade and was significantly correlated to performance on a perceptual analogical reasoning task. The study contributes to the small but growing body of information concerning language development during the preadolescent and adolescent years and may have some important implications for the assessment of youngsters of this age range who have comprehension deficits that are troublesome, yet difficult to document.

Study of allegories and proverbs used in Kalim Kashani’s Divan

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Mohammad Mir

2016-12-01

As mentioned information, it can be found that as a famous poet in Hindi style, Kalim Kashani did not abstain using proverb and allegory in his Divan and put these literary devices in his poetries in the best way. The poet has used proverb in his Divan more than allegory and the allegory device has less appearance.

Electrophysiological and Behavioral Measures of the Influence of Literal and Figurative Contextual Constraints on Proverb Comprehension

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Ferretti, Todd R.; Schwint, Christopher A.; Katz, Albert N.

2007-01-01

Proverbs tend to have meanings that are true both literally and figuratively (i.e., Lightning really doesn't strike the same place twice). Consequently, discourse contexts that invite a literal reading of a proverb should provide more conceptual overlap with the proverb, resulting in more rapid processing, than will contexts biased towards a…

Igbo Proverbs and the Emergence of a Metaphysical Model of Music ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The role of proverbs in the search for a model of analysis is the focus of this work. Igbo proverbs have continually offered access and insight into the thought patterns of Igbo people. Even though a collective consciousness may not be called a philosophy in the strict sense, an analysis of the thoughts, experiences and ...

Similarities and Differences between the Romanian and Serbian Proverbs. Vuk Stefanovic Karadzic and Anton Pann

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Virginia POPOVIĆ

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Sayings and proverbs are the elements of spirit and wisdom of a people, represent the force of thought and metaphor, intelligence and spiritual wisdom, the power of observation, the truths of skills argumentation and to explore life, the power of language to express much in few words. From everything that exists in literary creation, a particular difficulty lies in translating sayings and proverbs from one language to another. From what has created in the whole literary work, a particular challenge is to translate the sayings and proverbs from one language to another. Romanian and Serbian reflects very well the virtues which are adapted to express sayings and proverbs, communicate more in a few words say more than what is said with words, if that partner has the satisfaction to decipher the intentions of the author. Both pickers’ sayings, Vuk Karadzic and Anton Pann have desire as their collections through this remember the sayings and proverbs Serbian and Romanian, and contributed to their entry into our everyday language, and gave the magnitude and expressiveness.

An Analysis of the Proverbs the Yorubans Live By

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Tunde Bolaji, Ezekiel; Kehinde, Taye A.

2017-01-01

In the Yoruba society, proverbs have been and still remain powerful and effective instruments of transmitting ideas, motive, knowledge and social morality from generation to generations. This is because proverbs reflect societal values of the people. Like any other group of people, the Yorubas are interested in the maintenance of personal health…

Proverb interpretation in schizophrenia: the significance of symptomatology and cognitive processes.

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Sponheim, Scott R; Surerus-Johnson, Christa; Leskela, Jennie; Dieperink, Michael E

2003-12-15

Although clinicians have patients interpret proverbs in mental status exams for psychosis, there are few empirical studies investigating the significance of proverb interpretation. In schizophrenia patients, we found abstraction positively correlated with overall intelligence but no symptom measures, concreteness negatively correlated with overall intelligence, executive functioning, attention, and memory, and bizarre-idiosyncratic responses associated with positive formal thought disorder but no cognitive functions.

Idioms and Proverbs in Official Documents of the Slovene School System

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Brigita Kacjan

2012-12-01

Full Text Available The paper deals with an interesting and important, but hitherto neglected phenomenon, the presence of idioms and proverbs in the Slovenian curricula and/or knowledge catalogues. These are official national documents and at the macro level they set out a framework for language teaching and idioms and proverbs are constituent parts of them, as they are natural, multiword, frequent, stable linguistic units with idiomatic characteristics. They represent a significant part of everyday language and it would be expected that they will be accordingly represented in curriculum/knowledge catalogues for the language subjects in the entire vertical of the Slovenian school system. In the empirical part, where excerpts from a total of 11 curriculum/knowledge catalogs are cited, it is shown that idioms and proverbs occur in only a very modest size, unsystematically and sporadically, that the related terminology is not uniform and that the methodological guidelines are often only indicated. This presentation is rounded up in the conclusion, where possibilities to improve the unsatisfying state concerning idioms and proverbs are presented.

Proverb Comprehension as a Function of Reading Proficiency in Preadolescents.

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Nippold, Marilyn A.; Allen, Melissa M.; Kirsch, Dixon I.

2001-01-01

Proverb comprehension through reading was examined in 42 preadolescent students, 24 of whom were identified as "proficient readers," and 18 as "less proficient readers." Comprehension on both unfamiliar concrete and abstract proverbs was associated with reading proficiency, word knowledge, and analogical reasoning. (Contains references.)…

Woman Wisdom and the ethical vision of the book of Proverbs: An ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

This article has approached the book of Proverbs from an ethical perspective and has argued that the African view of ethics has a rich quality embedded in communitarian values that can be explored heuristically to interpret the ethical vision of the book of Proverbs. Such an approach, it is suggested, has pedagogical ...

Un proverbe traduit est à moitié acquis

OpenAIRE

Rapatel, Philippe

2010-01-01

International audience; The cultural origin of a proverb is a key element to the understanding and analysing of its translation(s). Knowing the long way that links its creation to its realization in sundry receiving cultures enables one to measure up the evolution of a proverb, at the diachronic level, and its transformations according to the crossed civilisations. Once it is adapted, the quarrels - between the adopting cultures - relative to its genuine nationality are of no relevance. It is...

Proverbs in a Function and Purpose Perspective

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

曾辉

2001-01-01

@@ 1. Introduction In Otto Jespersen' s book the Philosophy of Grammar ( 1951 ),the definition of formulas is mentioned: "a formula may be a whole sentence or a group of words, or it may be one word, or it may be only part of a word,--that is not improtant, but it must always be something which to the actual speech- instinct is a unit which cannot be further analyzed or decomposed in the way a free combination can"(1951:24) .Thus proverbs belong to formulas, as the example "Handsome is that handsome does" given by Jespersen. This paper focuses on those proverbs, such as ‘Speech is silver, silence is golden', ‘ Empty vessels make the most sound', ‘ Still waters nm deep',which are all about speech and silence. Moreover,this paper aims to answer two questions:

Research on Language of Perception Still-Life as a Visual Aphorism

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Anatolij P. Suprun

2011-01-01

Full Text Available This article describes a categorical structure of perception of still-life painting. Analysis is done on the system of visual opposition elements in still-life. A still-life is considered a "perceptual statement about the world", and a "visual aphorism" The research is based on such methods as: semantic spaces constructing and their transformation at introduction of additional elements in still-lifes. It also gives full analysis of an interpretation of complex images and understanding of types of still-life as a visual hermeneutics.

The Roles of Age and Gender in Applying Proverbs and Expressions in Daily Conversations of Shirazians

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Mohammad Saber Khaghaninejad

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Change and transformation are the basic characteristics of languages. Each community incorporates different generations with different ideologies toward life and obviously use different dialects. The difference in dialects among different generations in Iran is so drastic that it seems people speak different languages. This research has attempted to study the amount of applying proverbs and expressions in different age-groups of the society. Therefore, two groups of 24 respondents were randomly selected from both male and female as the statistical population so that investigating age and sex factors in the type and amount of applying proverbs and expressions in the daily conversations become possible. All participants were interviewed individually and their sentences were transcribed accurately. By counting the number of proverbs and expressions in the sentences of Middle-aged and teenager groups, and also by counting the male and female participants, and considering their Expression Density; i.e., the proportion of the number of proverbs and expressions to the total number of the words of each sentence, and by using the method of inferential non-parametric statistics, these results have been achieved: 1.The Middle-aged Group use more proverbs and expressions than teenagers. Perhaps, because they are more familiar with the culture and literature, and they are much more aware of the delicacies of language and literature. 2.Teenagers also use proverbs and expressions; however, these are of the type of words which were inserted suddenly into the lexicon of the society through printed matters or media and cyber networks. 3.Moreover, men totally use more proverbs and expressions than women in their daily conversations.

Implications of the Portrayal of Women in Shona Proverbs for ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

... proverbs about women in order to find out the kind of ideas they express about women at both the philosophical and literal meanings of the proverbs. It also explores the proverbial thinking about the status, and attitudes about women and how this may impact on the education of both boys and girls in terms of gender.

Working memory and proverb comprehension in adolescents with traumatic brain injury: a preliminary investigation.

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Moran, Catherine A; Nippold, Marilyn A; Gillon, Gail T

2006-04-01

This study investigated the relationship between working memory and comprehension of low-familiarity proverbs in adolescents with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Ten adolescents, aged 12-21 years who had suffered a TBI prior to the age of 10 years and 10 individually age-matched peers with typical development participated in the study. The participants listened to short paragraphs containing a proverb and interpreted the meaning of the proverb using a forced-choice task. In addition, participants engaged in a task that evaluated working memory ability. Analysis revealed that individuals with TBI differed from their non-injured peers in their understanding of proverbs. In addition, working memory capacity influenced performance for all participants. The importance of considering working memory when evaluating figurative language comprehension in adolescents with TBI is highlighted. Implications for future research, particularly with regard to varying working memory and task demands, are considered.

Observing Hakka’s Culture According to Hakka’s Proverbs

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Sugiarto Lim

2013-10-01

Full Text Available Proverbs in Hakka dialect reflect the attitude of the Hakka’s social life and nature. Hakka dialect’s proverbs are divided into two major categories of social life and natural phenomenon. This article tries to analyze how is the Hakkanese culture reflected by the characteristics of these two aspects. In aspects of social life, it could be seen the proverbs from several points of view, including the religion and traditional virtue, fame and academic, regional dialects, and feng shui.  On the part of natural phenomenon, it could be seen Hakkanese dependency and understanding on the nature, as well as their agricultural production –based on their way of life and survival. The article is particularly concerned about the cultural characteristics of the Hakkanese which is shaped and reflected due to their migration history and root. 

The Aphorism and Play in the Artistic Paradigm of the Novels by Crébillon-fils

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Natalya V. Lidzerhos

2016-12-01

Full Text Available The article examines the function of ludic poetics and the role of aphorisms in the novels by Crébillon-fils: “L’Ecumoire, ou Tanzaï et Néadarné.” “Les Egarements du cœur et de l’esprit,” and “Le Sopha.” It argues that the specificity of the artistic paradigm of Crébillon’s novels draws from the synthesis of the ludic origin and aphoristic writing while their “inner measure” (N. D. Tamarchenko is determined by skeptical and ironic attitude to the world typical for rococo. The ludic poetics creates the second level of encoding in the novels that makes them interesting to different audience. A naive reader enjoys a frivolous work that has a comical situation at its core; a more sophisticated reader peruses a “novel with a clue,” that is a novel with a metaphorical plot containing ironic insinuations and allusions to contemporary realities. Aphorisms in the dialogues reveal the absence of the shared, universal truth and demonstrate its contingency on the speaker’s viewpoint. Taken together, aphorisms of Crébillon’s characters reflect the author’s own dialogical relation to reality and relativity of the moral truths in his opinion. Blurring semantic meaning of the words related to moral and ethical sphere was typical for rococo; it allowed these words collide in a ludic manner within the aphoristic framework; it also prompted further dialogization of aphoristic statements and the establishment of dialogic relations among characters and between the author and the world. By broadening the local chronotope and establishing contacts between the novel’s conventional plot and reality, by contributing to the ongoing dialogue among the characters, the author, and the reader, by reflecting the controversies of the rococo worldview and sophisticating the style, the ludic poetics and aphoristic writing defined stylistic and generic specificity of Crébillon’s novel — intellectual in form and philosophical in content.

Le détournement de proverbes en FLE, transgression ou création ?

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Syrine Diaz-Daoussi

2015-05-01

Full Text Available Notre article portera sur la didactique d’unités phraséologiques, plus précisément les proverbes et leur détournement en Français Langue Étrangère (FLE dans un contexte d’enseignement/apprentissage à partir d’un niveau B1-B2. Il s’agira de familiariser les apprenants à la structure du proverbe puis de s’approprier ces structures afin de pouvoir les manipuler en transgressant la norme établie par le figement. Twisting proverbs in FLE, transgression or creation? Abstract: This article will focus on the teaching of phraseological units, specifically proverbs and the way to twist them through French Foreign Language (FLE in a context of teaching / learning from a B1 -B2 level. This will familiarize learners with the proverb structure and help them appropriating these structures in order to manipulate by transgressing the norm established by the frozenness.

A Closer Look at Formulaic Language: Prosodic Characteristics of Swedish Proverbs

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Hallin, Anna Eva; Van Lancker Sidtis, Diana

2017-01-01

Formulaic expressions (such as idioms, proverbs, and conversational speech formulas) are currently a topic of interest. Examination of prosody in formulaic utterances, a less explored property of formulaic expressions, has yielded controversial views. The present study investigates prosodic characteristics of proverbs, as one type of formulaic…

[Development of a proverb test for assessment of concrete thinking problems in schizophrenic patients].

Science.gov (United States)

Barth, A; Küfferle, B

2001-11-01

Concretism is considered an important aspect of schizophrenic thought disorder. Traditionally it is measured using the method of proverb interpretation, in which metaphoric proverbs are presented with the request that the subject tell its meaning. Interpretations are recorded and scored on concretistic tendencies. However, this method has two problems: its reliability is doubtful and it is rather complicated to perform. In this paper, a new version of a multiple choice proverb test is presented which can solve these problems in a reliable and economic manner. Using the new test, it is has been shown that schizophrenic patients have greater deficits in proverb interpretation than depressive patients.

Extending the search for folk personality constructs: the dimensionality of the personality-relevant proverb domain.

Science.gov (United States)

Haas, Heather A

2002-04-01

College students (95 men and 264 women) rated how well 211 familiar proverbs described their behavior and beliefs. A factor analysis of these data yielded 7 major dimensions; many of the factors were similar to recognized lexical personality factors. Big Five Conscientiousness and Neuroticism were each strongly associated with a single proverb dimension (interpreted as Restraint and Enjoys Life, respectively). Big Five Agreeableness, Extraversion, and Intellect/Imagination were all associated with several proverb dimensions. Agreeableness was most strongly associated with proverb dimensions representing Machiavellian behavior and strong Group Ties, and both Extraversion and Intellect showed particularly notable associations with an Achievement Striving dimension. The 2 remaining proverb dimensions, which represented a belief that Life is Fair and an attitude of Cynicism, could not be accounted for by the Big Five.

CONCEPT ‘MONEY’ IN THE ENGLISH AMERICAN PROVERBS

OpenAIRE

Elena Anatolyevna Osheva

2015-01-01

The present paper explored the concept ‘money’ observed upon the data from the English American proverbs and sayings. The paper adduced the etymology of the lexical unit ‘money’, and observed the proverbs and sayings taken from the dictionary written by W. Mieder. The material has been sorted out into nine semantic groups: «money means value», «money means evil», «lack of money», «easy money», «money means motivation», «importance of money», «money is no object», «money means work», «money wh...

Proverbs as a Communication Strategy: (Decodification of Meaning and Pragmatic-Discursive Function

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Xavier Pascual López

2014-01-01

Full Text Available The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive, theoretical overview of how proverbs are used as a communicative and discursive strategy, taking into account the speaker’s communicative intention. I will pay attention both to the benefits of the use of this type of formulaic sequence in the construction of the speech, and to the illocutionary force and pragmatic implications entailed by these utterances. In order to do so, some considerations will be required – the encoding of the meaning of the proverbs, the decoding process by the addressee, and the way proverbs are inserted in the discourse. This paper inspects the importance of such factors as the need for articulation of fluent speech, the assumption of cultural patterns, the appeal to proverbiality that aligns the speaker with power structures of the community, or the masking of the speaker’s voice behind a collective entity in order to socialize and release tensions related to interpersonal contact.

Makin' a Way Outa No Way: The Proverb Tradition in the Black Experience.

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Daniel, Jack L.; And Others

1987-01-01

Argues that proverbs play an important role in the continuing development and survival of Africans and African descendants throughout the diaspora. Analyzes research of proverb studies conducted in Africa, the Caribbean, Pittsburgh, and Detroit. Provides recommendations for further research. (KH)

Proverbe et expression figée

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Laura Cîţu

2008-11-01

Full Text Available Les deux types d’énoncés sentencieux abordés dans cette étude ne feront pas l’objet d’une analyse formelle de type structural, se proposant de décrire une éventuelle architecture et des propriétés syntaxiques spécifiques. Il ne s’agira non plus d’une approche stylistique, rhétorique ou pragmatique. En revanche, c’est une vision de sémantique référentielle qui sera projetée sur ce type de séquences, laquelle essaiera de surprendre un trait fondamental et constant des proverbes, qui permet de le distinguer des expressions figées, et dont l’identification est apte aussi de prédire quelles phrases de la langue pourraient accéder au statut des proverbes.

Context of Usage and Aesthetics of Selected Proverbs from ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

OSAKUE S. OMOERA

Department of Theatre and Media Arts,. Ambrose Alli ... So, apart from the literal and linguistic contexts, the social context of any proverb .... words are put in the mouth like pieces of yams and chewed, after dipping the yam (word) in palm oil.

Did Ms Wisdom of Proverbs 8 become a mystery in 4QInstruction ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The Hebrew Bible is quoted and alluded to in 4QInstruction. There is an obvious similarity between the way the raz nihyeh of 4QInstruction and Lady Wisdom in Proverbs 8 function. This intertextual study investigates this phenomenon by comparing 4Q416 2 III 8–21 and 4Q417 1 I with Proverbs 8:12–21 and 8:22–31.

Proverbs and Idioms in Children's Books

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Hayran, Zeynel

2017-01-01

In this study, it was searched for the extent to which proverbs and idioms were included in the children's books that were taught to elementary school students. Children's books which are taught at the stage of children's vocabulary enriched rapidly and significantly, present the vocabulary of the mother tongue and its universe of meaning to a…

Una miscelanea de refranes espanoles raros, curiosos, y jocosos (A Miscellany of Rare, Curious and Humorous Spanish Proverbs).

Science.gov (United States)

Hayes, Francis

This listing of unusual Spanish proverbs contains words of wisdom on money, doctors, agriculture, students, procrastination, pessimism, war, good and evil, religion, God, and a host of other topics. The topic of each proverb is given in English. (CHK)

Proverbes et contes populaires : le sexe de l’hyperénonciateur

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Dominique Maingueneau

2016-12-01

Full Text Available The « hyperenunciator » (Maingueneau 2004 is an abstract being, the source of a viewpoint that guarantees the validity of a Thesaurus of utterances shared by the members of a community. This article aims to enrich this concept from an ethnolinguistic perspective. It compares the hyperenunciators of two distinct kinds of Thesaurus, proverbs and folk tales, via a reflection on their gender identity. Drawing on old Spanish proverbs about women, the « Tales of Mother Goose » by Charles Perrault and the Grimm brothers’ Fairy Tales, I will underline that domestic space plays a key role in this subject, that an « eco-nomy of speech » places gossip, on one hand, and proverbs and folk tales, on the other, in opposition and that there is the desire to distinguish in women’s speech between what is considered to be positive and what is considered dangerous for the house.

Proverbs : Probabilistic design tools for vertical breakwaters

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Oumeraci, H.; Allsop, N.W.H.; De Groot, M.B.; Crouch, R.S.; Vrijling, J.K.

1999-01-01

Final report and appendices of the European project Proverbs on tools for the design of vertical breakwaters (caisson type breakwaters) and similar hydraulic structures in the coastal zone. It includes the loads (waves) as well as the strength of the structure (geotechnial aspects, structural

Metaphorical and literal readings of aphorisms in the Book of Proverbs

African Journals Online (AJOL)

UPuser

5 A wise man should listen to expand learning and a discerning man to acquire skills, ... by the assonance of t[;d;l' (v 2), tx;q;l' (v 3) and to a lesser extent by ttel', also .... 4 According to A Ho (1991), a work devoted to “Sedeq and Sedaqah in the Hebrew Bible,” the ..... imagery of public soliciting by a woman in the city is clear.

Metaphorical and literal readings of aphorisms in the Book of Proverbs

African Journals Online (AJOL)

UPuser

thought and plays an integral role in the book's construction of a moral vision for its reader or ... reading than would otherwise have been the case, in my opinion grossly over- estimates its ... infinitives and nouns in vv 2-4 concern general sapiential ideas, whereas v. 6 refers to .... Quite apart from the question of how formal.

"Eat, shut up and stand in the sun”. From the popular proverbs to the knowledge of vitamin D

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Rafael Crovetto-Martínez

2013-09-01

Full Text Available The Spanish language is rich in proverbs, many of which are related with food and health. The purpose in this paper is to evaluate the accuracy of some of those popular proverbs linking health and disease with the sun exposure. We describe the current knowledge about vitamin D, synthesis and mechanisms of action. The nurse should identify subjects at risk of hypovitaminosis D, and prevent nutrient solutions, since sun exposure is not an appropriate measure because of the side effects of ultraviolet radiation, which contradicts the knowledge derived from some classic Spanish proverbs and sayings.

Irony and proverb comprehension in schizophrenia: do female patients "dislike" ironic remarks?

Science.gov (United States)

Rapp, Alexander M; Langohr, Karin; Mutschler, Dorothee E; Wild, Barbara

2014-01-01

Difficulties in understanding irony and sarcasm are part of the social cognition deficits in patients with schizophrenia. A number of studies have reported higher error rates during comprehension in patients with schizophrenia. However, the relationships of these impairments to schizotypal personality traits and other language deficits, such as the comprehension of proverbs, are unclear. We investigated irony and proverb comprehension in an all-female sample of 20 schizophrenia patients and 27 matched controls. Subjects indicated if a statement was intended to be ironic, literal, or meaningless and furthermore rated the meanness and funniness of the stimuli and certainty of their decision. Patients made significantly more errors than controls did. Globally, there were no overall differences in the ratings. However, patients rated the subgroup of stimuli with answers given incorrectly as having significantly less meanness and in case of an error indicated a significantly higher certainty than controls. Across all of the study participants, performances in irony (r = -0.51) and proverb (r = 0.56) comprehension were significantly correlated with schizotypal personality traits, suggesting a continuum of nonliteral language understanding. Because irony is so frequent in everyday conversations, this makes irony an especially promising candidate for social cognition training in schizophrenia.

A figurative proverb test for dementia: rapid detection of disinhibition, excuse and confabulation, causing discommunication.

Science.gov (United States)

Yamaguchi, Haruyasu; Maki, Yohko; Yamaguchi, Tomoharu

2011-12-01

Communicative disability is regarded as a prominent symptom of demented patients, and many studies have been devoted to analyze deficits of lexical-semantic operations in demented patients. However, it is often observed that even patients with preserved lexical-semantic skills might fail in interactive social communication. Whereas social interaction requires pragmatic language skills, pragmatic language competencies in demented subjects have not been well understood. We propose here a brief stress-free test to detect pragmatic language deficits, focusing on non-literal understanding of figurative expression. We hypothesized that suppression of the literal interpretation was required for figurative language interpretation.  We examined 69 demented subjects, 13 subjects with mild cognitive impairment and 61 healthy controls aged 65 years or more. The subjects were asked the meaning of a familiar proverb categorized as a figurative expression. The answers were analyzed based on five factors, and scored from 0 to 5. To consider the influence of cognitive inhibition on proverb comprehension, the scores of the Stroop Colour-Word Test were compared concerning correct and incorrect answers for each factor, respectively. Furthermore, the characteristics of answers were considered in the light of excuse and confabulation qualitatively. The proverb comprehension scores gradually decreased significantly as dementia progressed. The literal interpretation of the proverb, which showed difficulties in figurative language comprehension, was related to disinhibition. The qualitative analysis showed that excuse and confabulation increased as the dementia stage progressed. Deficits in cognitive inhibition partly explains the difficulties in interactive social communication in dementia. With qualitative analysis, asking the meaning of a proverb can be a brief test applied in a clinical setting to evaluate the stage of dementia, and to illustrate disinhibition, confabulation and

The Effect of Culture Type on the Length of Persian Proverbs Compared to their English Equivalents

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Amir Mohammadian

2017-05-01

Full Text Available The interrelation of culture and language is to the extent that many classifications of culture are based on linguistic factors. In this article, high and low context cultures division is assessed on English and Persian as they belong to different cultural types. Forty Persian proverbs are contrasted with their equivalents in English to investigate whether there is a difference in the number of word forms used in each. In order to avoid linguistic differences which are effective in enumerating word forms, the second lines in linguistic glosses provided for Persian proverbs including a one to one correspondence of each word in English are used to count word forms. Results show that 70 percent of the Persian proverbs in the data are longer than their English counterparts. This shows that relative length of proverbs can be a distinguishing factor reflecting cultural types. The results not only confirm the applicability of this cultural division in the field of proverbs, but also a matter of tendency rather than a dichotomy in belonging to a high or low context culture is proposed. At the end, there are suggestions for further relevant investigations.

Metaphorical and literal readings of aphorisms in the Book of Proverbs

African Journals Online (AJOL)

As a corollary, illustrations of the many instances where literal readings are necessary, so that such an overriding hermeneutical perspective cannot be convincing. Interpreting a metaphor is one thing, reading metaphorically is another, notably a creative act independent of whether its “correctness” can be demonstrated by ...

A componential analysis of proverb interpretation in patients with frontal lobe epilepsy and temporal lobe epilepsy: relationships with disease-related factors.

Science.gov (United States)

McDonald, Carrie R; Delis, Dean C; Kramer, Joel H; Tecoma, Evelyn S; Iragui, Vicente J

2008-05-01

The ability to interpret nonliteral, metaphoric language was explored in patients with frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) and temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), and matched control participants, to determine (1) if patients with FLE were impaired in their interpretations relative to those with TLE and controls, and (2) if disease-related variables (e.g., age of seizure onset) predicted performances in either patient group. A total of 22 patients with FLE, 20 patients with TLE, and 23 controls were administered a test of proverb interpretation to assess their ability to grasp the abstract meaning of nonliteral language. Participants were presented with a series of proverbs and asked to provide an oral interpretation of each. Responses to each proverb were scored according to their accuracy and level of abstractness. Patients with FLE, but not TLE, were impaired relative to controls in their overall interpretation of proverbs. However, a subgroup analysis revealed that only patients with left FLE showed impaired interpretation accuracy relative to the other groups, whereas patients with both left FLE and left TLE showed impaired abstraction. Patients with FLE were also impaired when they were asked to select the best interpretation of the proverb from response alternatives. In patients with FLE, only a left-sided seizure focus was associated with poorer performance. In patients with TLE, both an early age of onset and a left-sided seizure focus predicted poorer performance. Overall, FLE patients exhibit greater impairment than TLE patients in interpreting proverbs. However, the nature and disease-specific correlates of impaired performances in proverb interpretation differ between the groups.

Polysemantics of Zoomorphic Images in Proverbs and Sayings of the English and Kazakh Languages

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Shara Mazhitaeva

2013-01-01

Full Text Available The article is devoted to the study of zoomorphic images in proverbs and sayings of the English and Kazakh languages. The work studies and compares national specific features of Kazakh and English linguistic cultures. This knowledge is crucial for intercultural research. The paper is focused on comparative analysis of English and Kazakh proverbs, containing lexical units “wolf” and “dog”. The analysis detected polysemantic character of wolf and dog images in the studied languages. Similarities and differences of wolf and dog images reflect general and specific character of ethnic-oriented culturological constants, existing in consciousness of representatives of different ethnic groups.

Context of Usage and Aesthetics of Selected Proverbs from ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

OSAKUE S. OMOERA

Keywords: Southern Nigerian proverbs, surface level of meaning, aesthetics, images, ... view that in order to speak a language correctly/competently, one needs not only ..... English: Those who washed their legs did not meet the Oba, let alone those ... bird tries to maintain its balance on the tree, warning that the other bird ...

Alimentation et parémiologie dans la socioculture bulu (Sud-Cameroun : ethnanalyse de quelques proverbes

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Paul Ulrich Otye Elom

2013-11-01

Full Text Available L’alimentation dans les négro-cultures en général et chez les Bulu en particulier revêt une importance qui va bien au-delà de la satisfaction organoleptique. En effet, elle intervient dans la société comme un fait social total permettant de l’appréhender sous l’angle politique, économique, médical, religieux, artistique, juridique, linguistique. Du point de vue linguistique, les proverbes constituent un espace propice à la démonstration des représentations autour de l’aliment. Utilisés pour illustrer une situation, donner une leçon ou encore appuyer un discours, les proverbes sont un canevas linguistique dont on ne peut se passer dans les joutes oratoires. Pour ce qui concerne est des proverbes alimentaires, on peut se rendre compte qu’ils permettent d’observer comment les Bulu appréhendent le monde et montrent de ce fait la société dans sa dimension holistique. Cet article s’attèle à une analyse anthropologique de quelques proverbes alimentaires de la socioculture bulu. Ces parémies font intervenir la vision bulu de l’organisation politique, de l’économie, des relations de parenté, de la diplomatie, de l’education, de la mort, de la justice, de la construction de la personnalité,etc. Feeding in negro-cultures generally and particularly on Bulu’s people have an importance which goes beyond the biological needs. In fact, it intervenes in this society as a social total fact and permits to apprhehend it on political, economical, medical, religious, artistic, juridical, linguistic angle. From the linguistic point of view, proverbs constitute a favorable space to the demonstration of representations on food. Used to illustrate a situation, to give a learning or to support a speech, proverbs are a linguistic framework which is not possible to avoid during verbal sparrings. Concerning food proverbs, it can be realized that, they permit to observe how Bulu’s people apprehend world and show society in this

Proverbs as ethnolinguistic heritage

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Pejović Anđelka

2014-01-01

Full Text Available In this paper we have based our analysis on proverbs of Serbian and Spanish language in order to demonstrate the role of these linguistic and cultural constructions in the ethnolinguistic investigation. Relativism observed in them, often reflected as contradictions, is of a huge significance for the ethnolinguistic analysis, since it shows or it might show the ways in which certain society adjust or opposes to the changes, how it reacts, whether it changes only on the surface, or its deep and inside values change as well. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 178014: Dinamika struktura savremenog srpskog jezika

Did Ms Wisdom of Proverbs 8 become a mystery in 4QInstruction?

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Pieter M. Venter

2016-07-01

Full Text Available The Hebrew Bible is quoted and alluded to in 4QInstruction. There is an obvious similarity between the way the raz nihyeh of 4QInstruction and Lady Wisdom in Proverbs 8 function. This intertextual study investigates this phenomenon by comparing 4Q416 2 III 8–21 and 4Q417 1 I with Proverbs 8:12–21 and 8:22–31. It is concluded that apocalyptic influence changed the character of Lady Wisdom but not her essential function.

The interpretation of proverbs by elderly with high, medium and low educational level: Abstract reasoning as an aspect of executive functions

Science.gov (United States)

Wachholz, Thalita Bianchi de Oliveira; Yassuda, Mônica Sanches

2011-01-01

It is now known that cognitive functions tend to decline with age. Executive functions (EF) are among the first abilities to decline with aging. A subcomponent of the EF is abstract reasoning. The Test of Proverbs is an instrument that can be used to evaluate the capacity of abstract reasoning. Objective To examine the association of performance in interpretation of proverbs, with education and with episodic memory and EF tasks. Methods A total of 67 individuals aged between 60 and 75 years were evaluated, and divided into three categories of education: 1-4 years, 5-8 years, and 9 or more years of schooling. The instruments used were a sociodemographic questionnaire (gender, age, marital status, education, income, previous occupation, current occupation and health perception), the Mini Mental State Examination, Brief Cognitive Screening Battery; Geriatric Depression Scale; Forward and Backward Digit Span (WAIS-III), and the Test of Proverbs. Results A high impact of education was seen on the interpretation of proverbs, with lower performance among the elderly with less education. A significant association between performance on the Test of Proverbs and scores on the MMSE, GDS, and verbal fluency tests was found. There was a modest association with incidental memory. Conclusions The capacity to interpret proverbs is strongly associated with education and with performance on other EF tasks. PMID:29213717

ON THE ROLE OF IGBO PROVERBS IN CONFLICT RESOLUTION ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

with didactic functions in studied conversation, proverbs are found to possess ... there must be management of crisis and reconciliation which would not be of value to one .... The paradigm cases include: requesting, questioning, to 'direct him.

Irony and Proverb Comprehension in Schizophrenia: Do Female Patients “Dislike” Ironic Remarks?

Science.gov (United States)

Rapp, Alexander M.; Langohr, Karin; Mutschler, Dorothee E.; Wild, Barbara

2014-01-01

Difficulties in understanding irony and sarcasm are part of the social cognition deficits in patients with schizophrenia. A number of studies have reported higher error rates during comprehension in patients with schizophrenia. However, the relationships of these impairments to schizotypal personality traits and other language deficits, such as the comprehension of proverbs, are unclear. We investigated irony and proverb comprehension in an all-female sample of 20 schizophrenia patients and 27 matched controls. Subjects indicated if a statement was intended to be ironic, literal, or meaningless and furthermore rated the meanness and funniness of the stimuli and certainty of their decision. Patients made significantly more errors than controls did. Globally, there were no overall differences in the ratings. However, patients rated the subgroup of stimuli with answers given incorrectly as having significantly less meanness and in case of an error indicated a significantly higher certainty than controls. Across all of the study participants, performances in irony (r = −0.51) and proverb (r = 0.56) comprehension were significantly correlated with schizotypal personality traits, suggesting a continuum of nonliteral language understanding. Because irony is so frequent in everyday conversations, this makes irony an especially promising candidate for social cognition training in schizophrenia. PMID:24991434

Irony and Proverb Comprehension in Schizophrenia: Do Female Patients “Dislike” Ironic Remarks?

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Alexander M. Rapp

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Difficulties in understanding irony and sarcasm are part of the social cognition deficits in patients with schizophrenia. A number of studies have reported higher error rates during comprehension in patients with schizophrenia. However, the relationships of these impairments to schizotypal personality traits and other language deficits, such as the comprehension of proverbs, are unclear. We investigated irony and proverb comprehension in an all-female sample of 20 schizophrenia patients and 27 matched controls. Subjects indicated if a statement was intended to be ironic, literal, or meaningless and furthermore rated the meanness and funniness of the stimuli and certainty of their decision. Patients made significantly more errors than controls did. Globally, there were no overall differences in the ratings. However, patients rated the subgroup of stimuli with answers given incorrectly as having significantly less meanness and in case of an error indicated a significantly higher certainty than controls. Across all of the study participants, performances in irony (r=-0.51 and proverb (r=0.56 comprehension were significantly correlated with schizotypal personality traits, suggesting a continuum of nonliteral language understanding. Because irony is so frequent in everyday conversations, this makes irony an especially promising candidate for social cognition training in schizophrenia.

Quand les proverbes français explicitent l’humain par le biais pronominal (qui/on ou nominal (homme/femme

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Mercedes Banegas Saorín

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Nous nous penchons ici sur les proverbes introduits par les pronoms et par des syntagmes nominaux pour déterminer dans quelle mesure la structure syntaxique joue sur la structure informative de ces énoncés qui acquièrent un sens conventionnel codé. Nous les rapprochons des énoncés génériques, sans perdre de vue les propriétés auxquelles satisfont la plupart des proverbes : généricité, schéma implicatif et montée hypo-hypéronymique. Comme la classe des proverbes n’est pas formellement homogène, nous aboutissons, d’une part, à l’établissement d’une sous-classe des proverbes dits pronominaux et, d’autre part, à une nouvelle typologie des proverbes, très proche de celle des phrases génériques qui fait consensus.

Evidence of Pragmatic Impairments in Speech and Proverb Interpretation in Schizophrenia

Science.gov (United States)

Haas, Marc H.; Chance, Steven A.; Cram, David F.; Crow, Tim J.; Luc, Aslan; Hage, Sarah

2015-01-01

Schizophrenia has been suggested to involve linguistic pragmatic deficits. In this study, two aspects of pragmatic ability were assessed; comprehension and production. Drawing on relevance theory and Gricean implicatures to assess shared attention and interpretation in a linguistic context, discourse samples and proverb interpretation were…

PROVERBS AND METAPHORS IN THE ENGLISH CULINARY LANGUAGE / PROVERBES ET MÉTAPHORES DANS LE LANGAGE CULINAIRE ANGLAIS / PROVERBE ŞI METAFORE ÎN LIMBA ENGLEZĂ DIN DOMENIUL CULINAR

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Adina Matrozi Marin

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Food is “an essential source to survival with great symbolic force, food has been central to human history”. (Fellner, 2013: 243. The aim of this article is to emphasize the strong relationship between food and cooking, on the one hand, and language and communication, on the other. Culinary words and concepts infiltrated local sayings and proverbs in English culture, thus becoming important pieces of cultural and historical evidence, if reliably dated. Culinary metaphors are equally important, as they reflect and reveal cultural and social realities.

“Word upon a Word”: Parallelism, Meaning, and Emergent Structure in Kalevala-meter Poetry

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Lotte Tarkka

2017-10-01

Full Text Available This essay treats parallelism as a means for articulating and communicating meaning in performance. Rather than a merely stylistic and structural marker, parallelism is discussed as an expressive and cognitive strategy for the elaboration of notions and cognitive categories that are vital in the culture and central for the individual performers. The essay is based on an analysis of short forms of Kalevala-meter poetry from Viena Karelia: proverbs, aphorisms, and lyric poetry. In the complex system of genres using the same poetic meter parallelism transformed genres and contributed to the emergence of cohesive and finalized performances.

Learning about "Family Relations" in Turkey through Proverbs

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Yurtbasi, Metin

2015-01-01

In Turkey, the family unit is regarded as the cornerstone of a healthy and balanced society. Family relations exhibited in Turkish proverbs deal with several aspects of married life and the persons making part of it. These include the functions of Husband and Wife, Mother, Father, Grandparents, Children, Grandchildren, and even In-laws and their…

The New Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian Idioms and Proverbs

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Bárdosi Vilmos

2017-01-01

Full Text Available After briefly surveying the research carried out in Hungary on the origin of sayings, proverbs and adages, this paper introduces and exemplifies the way the new Hungarian phraseological etymological dictionary has been compiled. It subsequently presents excerpts from the dictionary that will expound on the origin of 1800 set phrases and statistically analyses the linguistic, cultural-historical, historical, literary, ethnographic and intercultural background of the Hungarian set phrases included in the dictionary.

Correlation of English and Russian proverbs. Some features of bilingual translation

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Кончита Карловна Гарсия-Каселес

2012-03-01

Full Text Available This article provides a brief analysis of the national and cultural identity of English and Russian proverbs and sayings in the context of two variants of the world conceptual vision. The main task is to show some features of their translatability and transferability as the substrates of intercultural communication.

Sonia Gómez-Jordana Ferary, Le Proverbe : vers une définition linguistique. Étude sémantique des proverbes français et espagnols contemporains

OpenAIRE

2010-01-01

Cette thèse de doctorat aborde, d’un point de vue purement linguistique, la forme, la formation et le sens du proverbe en tant que catégorie linguistique homogène, en français et en espagnol contemporains. L’étude se fonde sur deux types de corpus présentés en annexe. D’une part, un corpus de proverbes français et espagnols hors contexte. Le corpus a été élaboré de la façon suivante : au début de notre recherche nous avons réalisé une enquête auprès d’une centaine de sujets parlants français ...

Psycholinguistic norms for 320 fixed expressions (idioms and proverbs) in French.

Science.gov (United States)

Bonin, Patrick; Méot, Alain; Boucheix, Jean-Michel; Bugaiska, Aurélia

2018-05-01

We provide psycholinguistic norms for a new set of 160 French idiomatic expressions and 160 proverbs: knowledge, predictability, literality, compositionality, subjective and objective frequency, familiarity, age of acquisition (AoA) and length. Different analyses (reliability, descriptive statistics and correlations) performed on the norms are reported and discussed. The norms can be downloaded as Supplemental Material .

Impairment in proverb interpretation as an executive function deficit in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment and early Alzheimer's disease.

Science.gov (United States)

Leyhe, Thomas; Saur, Ralf; Eschweiler, Gerhard W; Milian, Monika

2011-01-01

Proverb interpretation is assumed to reflect executive functions. We hypothesized that proverb interpretation is impaired in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) diagnosed as single-domain impairment by common neuropsychological testing. We compared performance in a proverb interpretation test in single-domain aMCI patients and patients with early Alzheimer's disease (EAD). The groups with aMCI and EAD performed significantly worse than healthy controls. Both patient groups gave concrete answers with a similar frequency. However, patients with EAD tended to give senseless answers more frequently. Our data suggest that in patients diagnosed as single-domain aMCI, deterioration of executive functions is detectable with subtle and appropriate neuropsychological testing. Implementation of these procedures may improve the early prediction of AD.

Collective Schema, As a New Concept Suggesting and a View to Proverbs from Cognitive Behavioral Point of View

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Esat SANLI

2016-08-01

Full Text Available Cognitive Behavioral Tharapy doctrine and clinical accumulation have shown that there is a causal link between moods, paradigms, and assessments. These cognitive contents are named as automatic thoughts and schemas. Rational- adaptive automatic thoughts and schemas while bring to person good mood, irrational-maladaptive automatic thoughts and schemas bring to patology. On the other hand this cognitive structures have fed by accepted culture by society and components of this culture such as songs and proverbs which possess necessity and rules. The basic aim of this study is put forth concept of “collective schema” which will be assessable content in Cognitive Behavioral Approach , and clarifying bases of this concept deal with proverbs. In this sense, adaptive and maladaptive aspects of collective shema concept, have been commented, cognitive disortions which fed by maladaptive schemas deal with collective aspect, have been categorised and illustrated with proverbs. With this study we aimed create a groundwork for previous studies. [JCBPR 2016; 5(2.000: 85-93

The structuring considerations of a Ricoeurian hermeneutic employed in a reading of Proverbs 14:2

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Anneke Viljoen

2015-06-01

Full Text Available A Ricoeurian hermeneutic affords readers of the Old Testament an opportunity to access the biblical text anew as a source and norm for faith. Reese gave a convenient summarising description of Ricoeur’s hermeneutical approach. Ricoeur organised his considerations around four poles, namely distanciation, objectification, projecting of a world, and appropriation. These operate as the structuring considerations of a Ricoeurian hermeneutic and were illustrated with a sample proverb (i.e. Pr 14:2 from the collection Proverbs 10:1–15:33.

The Power of Proverbs: Dissonance Reduction through Common Sayings

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Stalder, Daniel R.

2010-01-01

After reading a detailed account of a serious mistake in which a similar-age other went against personal values or a prior commitment, undergraduates rated their feelings of dissonance (regret, hypocrisy, and stupidity) had they been in the actor's place. Relative to a control condition, reading relevant proverbs such as "everybody makes mistakes"…

Ethiopian Wisdom Literature: Oromo Proverbs, is now in the

African Journals Online (AJOL)

For this purpose I selected the Oromo people who speak a language ... were an ideal group for a study based on oral literature. The result ... sequel of one's act of running away~ for the Oromo, one flees ... clinical psychology has elaborately analyzed. .... proverbs according to the remaining subjects they express; I shall do.

Lemmatisation of fixed expressions: The case of proverbs in ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

A dictionary user might find it challenging to look up a desired proverb, especially if the individual words have a very low general frequency or are even obsolete in modern life. In that case, an electronic format of a dic-tionary would be most enabling, allowing for an electronic search. Special purpose dictionaries dedicated ...

The place of early childhood training (Proverbs 22:6) in building ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The task of training a child is imperative (Proverbs 22:6) and its importance in building ... economic opportunities had little or no time for their children's upbringing. ... Consequently, many parents now take their children to childcare, as early as ...

Impairment in Proverb Interpretation as an Executive Function Deficit in Patients with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Early Alzheimer’s Disease

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Thomas Leyhe

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Background/Aims: Proverb interpretation is assumed to reflect executive functions. We hypothesized that proverb interpretation is impaired in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI diagnosed as single-domain impairment by common neuropsychological testing. Methods: We compared performance in a proverb interpretation test in single-domain aMCI patients and patients with early Alzheimer’s disease (EAD. Results: The groups with aMCI and EAD performed significantly worse than healthy controls. Both patient groups gave concrete answers with a similar frequency. However, patients with EAD tended to give senseless answers more frequently. Conclusions: Our data suggest that in patients diagnosed as single-domain aMCI, deterioration of executive functions is detectable with subtle and appropriate neuropsychological testing. Implementation of these procedures may improve the early prediction of AD.

Conceptualization of Optimistic Models for the World in Paremic Picture of the World

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Nataliya N. Semenenko

2017-11-01

Full Text Available The description of language expression of an ethno cultural stereotype in assessment of optimistic approach to judgment of a role of trials destiny provides in human life is offered. The optimistic outlook model is considered as integrative linguo-cognitive area which valuable dominants are directly connected with points, key for national sphere of concepts. The algorithm of a descriptive technique is presented on the example of cognitive and pragmatical modeling of semantics in the Russian proverbs of theme groups "Destiny - Patience - Hope" and "Patience - Hope" from the collection "Proverbs of the Russian People" of V. I. Dahl. The area of paremic verbalization of cognitive category "Optimism" is considered taking into account polyconceptuality of national aphorisms maintenance and ambivalence of the ethno culture major stereotypes assessment concluded in them. Linguo-cognitive potential of paremias in representation of optimistic outlook model is defined with aphoristic value of paremias, pragmatical recommendation expressed in them and a valuable semantic core.

Proverb as a Crucial Element in Uchenna Nwosu's The Rejected

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Ike Odimegwu

to be committed to memory (156). These definitions are ... facets of the nature of proverb that make it often seem to elude a concrete ... is a product of a long period of reasoning and observation which expresses ... clarify conflict and to focus on the values of the .... decision which in no small way affected the plot of the story.

Psalm 26 and Proverbs: Tracing wisdom themes

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Annette Potgieter

2014-01-01

Full Text Available The discernment of Psalm 26 as a cultic psalm has prevented noticing vital connections with wisdom literature. These connections with Proverbs and other known wisdom psalms provide clues for the composition of Psalm 26 to be set in the post-exilic period. The way in which wisdom literature is used conveys the religious ethos and daily life of a community. The fact that the wisdom character of Psalm 26 has been overlooked can be viewed as one of the main reasons why Psalm 26 has been interpreted solely in a cultic setting. The sapiential influence of this psalm has been confused to only reflect the cultic aspects. The psalmist wants to live a life according to wisdom as he seeks the rewards of being close to Yahweh.

Cross-cultural study of representations of happiness in Russian and American proverbs: search for points of contact with Hofstede''s dimensions

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SHKURKO JULIA S.

2014-01-01

In this article, I present the results of research into cultural differences in the folk perceptions of happiness of the Russian and American people that enter into their actual happiness experiences. I started from the premise widely accepted in paremiology that proverbs are one of the important sources of such information. Based on this idea, I conducted a cross-cultural analysis of Russian and American proverbs on happiness. The research reveals differences in 1) emotional ratings of the h...

Proverbs as Theoretical Frameworks for Lifelong Learning in Indigenous African Education

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Avoseh, Mejai B. M.

2013-01-01

Every aspect of a community's life and values in indigenous Africa provide the theoretical framework for education. The holistic worldview of the traditional system places a strong emphasis on the centrality of the human element and orature in the symmetrical relationship between life and learning. This article focuses on proverbs and the words…

Can Arabic Proverbs Enhance Arabic-Speaking Students' Comprehension of Financial Concepts?: An Empirical Study in Randomly Selected Business Schools in Dubai

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Warsame, Mohammed H.; Ireri, Edward M.

2017-01-01

In this study, we investigated the use of Arabic proverbs and quotes for teaching finance courses to Arabic-speaking students who are nonnative speakers of English. The study found that the use of Arabic proverbs and quotes greatly enhances the students' comprehension of the finance topics covered. Similarly, the study revealed that the use of…

Preliminary data on a mnemonic instrument with proverbs for tracking Alzheimer's disease

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Mauricéa Tabósa Ferreira Santos

Full Text Available Abstract In the differential diagnosis between Alzheimer's disease (AD and normal aging, tests evaluating memory and executive functions are frequently used. The addition of abstraction tests may enhance the effectiveness of screening tests for AD. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare initial data of a new instrument - The Screening Test for Alzheimer's Disease with Proverbs (STADP - against other screening tests used in AD diagnosis. Methods: Sixty elderly individuals (46 controls and 14 AD subjects with CDR=1, aged ³60 years, with at least one year of schooling, were evaluated using the STADP at outpatient clinic. The STADP assesses short-term memory, episodic memory, executive functions and language, in addition to proverb recognition. The performance of the participants on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE, semantic Verbal Fluency (VF and Clock Drawing Test (CDT were evaluated and the habit of reading, writing and sociodemographic data were also taken into account. Results: There were significant correlations between STADP and the performance on the MMSE (r=0.64, CDT (r=0.50 and VF (r=0.56. Age influenced all sub-items of the STADP, specifically episodic memory (r= -0.54, whereas schooling mainly influenced executive functions and language (r=0.46. The total score, stages A and C and the "proverb recognition" of STADP (p<0.001, as well as the MMSE (p<0.001, CDT (p=0.016, VF (p<0.001 were significantly different in AD versus control groups. Conclusions: The findings point to the potential use of the STADP in AD, warranting the conducting of further studies.

Zivaisms: the strategy and translation challenges behind proverb and idiom twisting in NCIS

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Villers , Damien

2014-01-01

International audience; Proverbially, NCIS deserves special attention. This American series, which follows a team from the Naval Criminal Investigation Services, features a foreign character (agent Ziva David) that uses proverbs and idioms profusely but inappropriately. These awkward utterances are so prominent and frequent that they have been named “Zivaisms” by the fans. The purpose of this study is to show the importance of this phenomenon in the TV programme and to what extent this prover...

Impairments in proverb interpretation following focal frontal lobe lesions☆

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Murphy, Patrick; Shallice, Tim; Robinson, Gail; MacPherson, Sarah E.; Turner, Martha; Woollett, Katherine; Bozzali, Marco; Cipolotti, Lisa

2013-01-01

The proverb interpretation task (PIT) is often used in clinical settings to evaluate frontal “executive” dysfunction. However, only a relatively small number of studies have investigated the relationship between frontal lobe lesions and performance on the PIT. We compared 52 patients with unselected focal frontal lobe lesions with 52 closely matched healthy controls on a proverb interpretation task. Participants also completed a battery of neuropsychological tests, including a fluid intelligence task (Raven’s Advanced Progressive Matrices). Lesions were firstly analysed according to a standard left/right sub-division. Secondly, a finer-grained analysis compared the performance of patients with medial, left lateral and right lateral lesions with healthy controls. Thirdly, a contrast of specific frontal subgroups compared the performance of patients with medial lesions with patients with lateral frontal lesions. The results showed that patients with left frontal lesions were significantly impaired on the PIT, while in patients with right frontal lesions the impairments approached significance. Medial frontal patients were the only frontal subgroup impaired on the PIT, relative to healthy controls and lateral frontal patients. Interestingly, an error analysis indicated that a significantly higher number of concrete responses were found in the left lateral subgroup compared to healthy controls. We found no correlation between scores on the PIT and on the fluid intelligence task. Overall our results suggest that specific regions of the frontal lobes contribute to the performance on the PIT. PMID:23850600

Impairments in proverb interpretation following focal frontal lobe lesions.

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Murphy, Patrick; Shallice, Tim; Robinson, Gail; MacPherson, Sarah E; Turner, Martha; Woollett, Katherine; Bozzali, Marco; Cipolotti, Lisa

2013-09-01

The proverb interpretation task (PIT) is often used in clinical settings to evaluate frontal "executive" dysfunction. However, only a relatively small number of studies have investigated the relationship between frontal lobe lesions and performance on the PIT. We compared 52 patients with unselected focal frontal lobe lesions with 52 closely matched healthy controls on a proverb interpretation task. Participants also completed a battery of neuropsychological tests, including a fluid intelligence task (Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices). Lesions were firstly analysed according to a standard left/right sub-division. Secondly, a finer-grained analysis compared the performance of patients with medial, left lateral and right lateral lesions with healthy controls. Thirdly, a contrast of specific frontal subgroups compared the performance of patients with medial lesions with patients with lateral frontal lesions. The results showed that patients with left frontal lesions were significantly impaired on the PIT, while in patients with right frontal lesions the impairments approached significance. Medial frontal patients were the only frontal subgroup impaired on the PIT, relative to healthy controls and lateral frontal patients. Interestingly, an error analysis indicated that a significantly higher number of concrete responses were found in the left lateral subgroup compared to healthy controls. We found no correlation between scores on the PIT and on the fluid intelligence task. Overall our results suggest that specific regions of the frontal lobes contribute to the performance on the PIT. © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Never Marry a Woman with Big Feet : Women in Proverbs from Around the World

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Schipper, Mineke

2006-01-01

Winner of the Dutch 2005 Eureka! prize for best non-fiction title The jury about the book: "A revealing and at the same time extraordinarily funny book" In cultures all over the globe, sex and gender issues have been expressed in proverbs, the world's smallest literary genre. This irresistible book

LA NÉGATION DANS LES PROVERBES FRANÇAIS ET ROUMAINS / NEGATION IN ROMANIAN AND FRENCH PROVERBS / NEGAŢIA ÎN PROVERBELE ROMÂNEŞTI ŞI FRANCEZE

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Ana-Marina Tomescu

2013-11-01

Full Text Available Nous allons étudier la négation dans les proverbes français et roumains dans deux situations : celle où la négation est exprimée par un système corrélatif à deux unités (ne … pas/plus, jamais, etc., considéré la règle générale en français moderne, et celle où la négation est réduite à un seul outil, autonome (non ou non autonome (ne.

Vérité générique et vérité proverbiale : on dit face à on dit proverbialement, le proverbe dit

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Tamba, Irène

2017-01-01

On trouve toujours ce qu’on ne cherche pas. Cette phrase est trop souvent vraie pour ne pas se changer un jour en proverbe.Balzac, Étude de femme, 1830 L’on définit ordinairement un proverbe comme une formule conventionnelle dénotant une vérité générale, tirée de l’expérience et de la sagesse collectives, ainsi que l’illustre l’exergue ci-dessus emprunté à Balzac. Mais qu’entend-on au juste par vérité générale dans le cas des proverbes ?Ou de manière plus concrète : quelle différence y a-t-il...

Un proverbe comme 'conservatoire botanique' : le sésame en pays soninké (Sénégal, Mali, Mauritanie)

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Chastanet, Monique

2013-01-01

A partir d'un proverbe soninké recueilli dans le haut Sénégal, j'ai reconstitué l'histoire d'une ancienne ressource, agricole et de cueillette. Il m'a fallu plusieurs années pour identifier la plante citée dans ce proverbe car elle n'était plus cultivée depuis le milieu du 20e siècle. J'ai pu le faire en croisant sources orales et sources écrites, notamment des archives du 18e et du 19e siècle. Une fois mise sur la piste du sésame, grâce à de nouvelles enquêtes et à différents travaux, j'ai c...

Proverbs 30:18-19 in the Light of Ancient Mesopotamian Cuneiform Texts

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Böck, Barbara

2009-12-01

Full Text Available The meaning of Proverbs 30:18-19 has long been disputed. Most scholars interpret the Biblical couplets textually on stylistic features only; an explanation of the contextual association between the four motifs mentioned (eagle, serpent, boat, man and woman has not yet been undertaken. The present paper aims at shedding light on the motivation for this association, taking into consideration ancient Near Eastern cuneiform compositions for the first time. It is further suggested that Proverbs 30:18-19 derived originally from a riddle that had its setting in a wedding ceremony.El significado de Proverbios 30:18-19 sigue desafiando la exégesis de los biblistas. La mayoría de los comentaristas interpretan los versos bíblicos textualmente, ciñéndose al análisis de las figuras de estilo. Sin embargo, todavía no se ha dado ninguna explicación a la asociación contextual entre los cuatro motivos del proverbio (águila, serpiente, barco, hombre y mujer. Por primera vez, este artículo estudia composiciones de la literatura cuneiforme que ofrecen un telón de fondo para interpretar el sentido de los distintos elementos y del conjunto del proverbio bíblico. Según esta nueva lectura, Proverbios 30:18-19 describiría una adivinanza propuesta durante una ceremonia matrimonial.

Fiche pratique: Des proverbes en pagaille; Debat filme; Faire un journal televise; Du bon usage d'un medicament (Practical Ideas: Proverbs in a Muddle; Filmed Debate; To Make a Televised Journal; Good Use of a Medicine).

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Lisboa, Maria Fernanda Araujo; And Others

1996-01-01

Four French language class activities are described, including a game using proverbs to review animal names and encourage comprehension; videotaping a class debate in French, to promote both exchange of ideas and student confidence before a group; a role-playing exercise in which a television news program is created; and a specialized activity to…

"Forget to whom you have told this proverb": directed forgetting of destination memory in Alzheimer's disease.

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El Haj, Mohamad; Gandolphe, Marie-Charlotte; Allain, Philippe; Fasotti, Luciano; Antoine, Pascal

2015-01-01

Destination memory is the ability to remember the receiver of transmitted information. By means of a destination memory directed forgetting task, we investigated whether participants with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) were able to suppress irrelevant information in destination memory. Twenty-six AD participants and 30 healthy elderly subjects were asked to tell 10 different proverbs to 10 different celebrities (List 1). Afterwards, half of the participants were instructed to forget the destinations (i.e., the celebrities) whereas the other half were asked to keep them in mind. After telling 10 other proverbs to 10 other celebrities (List 2), participants were asked to read numbers aloud. Subsequently, all the participants were asked to remember the destinations of List 1 and List 2, regardless of the forget or remember instructions. The results show similar destination memory in AD participants who were asked to forget the destinations of List 1 and those who were asked to retain them. These findings are attributed to inhibitory deficits, by which AD participants have difficulties to suppress irrelevant information in destination memory.

APhoRISM FP7 project: the Multi-platform volcanic Ash Cloud Estimation (MACE) infrastructure

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Merucci, Luca; Corradini, Stefano; Bignami, Christian; Stramondo, Salvatore

2014-05-01

APHORISM is an FP7 project that aims to develop innovative products to support the management and mitigation of the volcanic and the seismic crisis. Satellite and ground measurements will be managed in a novel manner to provide new and improved products in terms of accuracy and quality of information. The Multi-platform volcanic Ash Cloud Estimation (MACE) infrastructure will exploit the complementarity between geostationary, and polar satellite sensors and ground measurements to improve the ash detection and retrieval and to fully characterize the volcanic ash clouds from source to the atmosphere. The basic idea behind the proposed method consists to manage in a novel manner, the volcanic ash retrievals at the space-time scale of typical geostationary observations using both the polar satellite estimations and in-situ measurements. The typical ash thermal infrared (TIR) retrieval will be integrated by using a wider spectral range from visible (VIS) to microwave (MW) and the ash detection will be extended also in case of cloudy atmosphere or steam plumes. All the MACE ash products will be tested on three recent eruptions representative of different eruption styles in different clear or cloudy atmospheric conditions: Eyjafjallajokull (Iceland) 2010, Grimsvotn (Iceland) 2011 and Etna (Italy) 2011-2012. The MACE infrastructure will be suitable to be implemented in the next generation of ESA Sentinels satellite missions.

Transparent Theological Dialogue—“Moseka Phofu Ya Gaabo Ga a Tshabe Go Swa Lentswe” (A Setswana Proverb

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Kelebogile Thomas Resane

2018-02-01

Full Text Available This paper looks into the definition of Setswana proverb: Moseka phofu ya gaabo ga a tshabe go swa lentswe (One must fight impatiently for what rightly belongs to him or her. The proverb is used to express the African thought of transparent dialogue that can be applied in theological deliberations; leading to sound theological conclusions adequate to address the corruption in the socio-political landscape. Transparency is explained from the African concept of addressing socio-political struggles. Theology calls for robust dialogue for the alternative society. This calls for understanding of African thought of fighting impatiently for the marginalized and the poor—a mandate that is similar to the church’s calling for liberating the oppressed masses through dialogue with others and communities in context. A special exploration is made through the symbiosis of dogma and kerygma for the incessant intervention of theology on behalf of the silent masses. An appeal is made for liberation theology and mainstream theology to dialogue in order for communities to experience salvation authentically.

The impact of an indigenous proverb on women's mental health: A phenomenological approach.

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Phiri, Seepaneng S; Mulaudzi, Fhumulani M; Heyns, Tanya

2015-11-23

Proverbs and idioms represent cultural and societal beliefs and values inherited from the forefathers. An example is lebitla la mosadi ke bogadi. Over many decades African people have used such ancient instructions to counsel women to be resilient in their marriages thus impacting on their mental health. The purpose of this article was to explore and describe that proverb and its impact on women's mental health. Hermeneutic phenomenology was used to explore and describe the prover band its impact on indigenous women's mental health. The population included married, divorced, widowed and single women who were attending social clubs or networks in the cities of Tshwane and Johannesburg. Snowball and purposive sampling was used to select 57 participants. Five face-to-face interviews and eight focus groups interviews were conducted. Colaizzi's data analysis method was used to analyse data. Oppression and stigmatisation of women and their families and harmful effects that may result in death were identified as having an impact on women's mental health. Some women shared that they were oppressed in many ways. In addition, they feared stigmatisation should they wish to divorce. They constantly lived in fear of being harmed or killed by their spouses. There was a need for nurses to develop awareness regarding cultural issues so that women are better served in primary healthcare settings. Women who are suspected of experiencing abuse, should be screened for abuse so that they can be assisted accordingly.

An FP7 "Space" project: Aphorism "Advanced PRocedures for volcanic and Seismic Monitoring"

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Di Iorio, A., Sr.; Stramondo, S.; Bignami, C.; Corradini, S.; Merucci, L.

2014-12-01

APHORISM project proposes the development and testing of two new methods to combine Earth Observation satellite data from different sensors, and ground data. The aim is to demonstrate that this two types of data, appropriately managed and integrated, can provide new improved GMES products useful for seismic and volcanic crisis management. The first method, APE - A Priori information for Earthquake damage mapping, concerns the generation of maps to address the detection and estimate of damage caused by a seism. The use of satellite data to investigate earthquake damages is not an innovative issue. We can find a wide literature and projects concerning such issue, but usually the approach is only based on change detection techniques and classifications algorithms. The novelty of APE relies on the exploitation of a priori information derived by InSAR time series to measure surface movements, shake maps obtained from seismological data, and vulnerability information. This a priori information is then integrated with change detection map to improve accuracy and to limit false alarms. The second method deals with volcanic crisis management. The method, MACE - Multi-platform volcanic Ash Cloud Estimation, concerns the exploitation of GEO (Geosynchronous Earth Orbit) sensor platform, LEO (Low Earth Orbit) satellite sensors and ground measures to improve the ash detection and retrieval and to characterize the volcanic ash clouds. The basic idea of MACE consists of an improvement of volcanic ash retrievals at the space-time scale by using both the LEO and GEO estimations and in-situ data. Indeed the standard ash thermal infrared retrieval is integrated with data coming from a wider spectral range from visible to microwave. The ash detection is also extended in case of cloudy atmosphere or steam plumes. APE and MACE methods have been defined in order to provide products oriented toward the next ESA Sentinels satellite missions.The project is funded under the European Union FP7

PROVERBS AND SOME OF THE USAGES IN THE EPIC OF KÖROĞLU / ATASÖZLERI VE KÖROĞLU DESTANI’NDA BAZI KULLANIMLARI

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Mehmet Emin BARS (M.A.H.

2008-09-01

Full Text Available The epic of Köroğlu is an epical work that left deep influencesall over the Turkish world and over the nations lived together withTurks for long centuries. Even today when taken into consideration ofthe wideness of its narrated and listened geopraphical area, itsimportance from the view of maintaining the cultural integritybetween Turks will be understood much better. Đt is difficult to comeacross such a work like the epic of Köroğlu which maintains itsimportance with a wide performance area, in the lives of other nations.As for proverbs they are the expressions which tell a nation’s standardof judgement. These expressions containing the acquirement of thelife experiences for centuries inform that nation’s thought, yearning,criticism, observation and ideas. They advise people the principles andthe rules aiming to teach the good, the beautiful and the truth. Đn ourwriting the proverbs which take place in Turkoman variant of Köroğluwill be discussed.

The impact of an indigenous proverb on women’s mental health: A phenomenological approach

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Seepaneng S. Phiri

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Background: Proverbs and idioms represent cultural and societal beliefs and values inherited from the forefathers. An example is lebitla la mosadi ke bogadi. Over many decades African people have used such ancient instructions to counsel women to be resilient in their marriages thus impacting on their mental health. Objective: The purpose of this article was to explore and describe that proverb and its impact on women’s mental health. Method: Hermeneutic phenomenology was used to explore and describe the prover band its impact on indigenous women’s mental health. The population included married, divorced, widowed and single women who were attending social clubs or networks in the cities of Tshwane and Johannesburg. Snowball and purposive sampling was used to select 57 participants. Five face-to-face interviews and eight focus groups interviews were conducted. Colaizzi’s data analysis method was used to analyse data. Results: Oppression and stigmatisation of women and their families and harmful effects that may result in death were identified as having an impact on women’s mental health. Some women shared that they were oppressed in many ways. In addition, they feared stigmatisation should they wish to divorce. They constantly lived in fear of being harmed or killed by their spouses. Conclusion: There was a need for nurses to develop awareness regarding cultural issues so that women are better served in primary healthcare settings. Women who are suspected of experiencing abuse, should be screened for abuse so that they can be assisted accordingly.

UZBEK PROVERBS IN TERMS OF SENTENCE STRUCTURE CÜMLE YAPISI BAKIMINDAN ÖZBEK ATASÖZLERİ

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Bilal AKTAN

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Western arm of the Turkish language in Turkey Turkish, Uzbek Turkish arms in the east are two important dialects. This two-way voice and data terms are major differences between the contemporary Turkish dialects is also compared in terms of syntax, there is no significant difference between the two is seen. The lack of a significant change in terms of collocation words, sentence structures, of course, also applies to the Uzbek sayings. Uzbek Turkish proverbs include "a simple, unified, ordered and connected sentences", but 'that' structure was not used at all in the proverbs. Also in proverbs, it is remarkable that sentences structured with sequential form are more abundant than sentences structured with compound form Türkiye Türkçesi Türk dilinin Batı kolunda, Özbek Türkçesi ise Doğu kolunda yer alan iki önemli lehçedir. Ses ve şekil bilgisi bakımından bu iki çağdaş Türk lehçesi arasında büyük farklar var ise de söz dizimi bakımından karşılaştırıldıklarında her iki lehçe arasında önemli bir fark bulunmadığı görülür. Söz dizimsel açıdan önemli bir değişikliğin olmayışı, elbette Özbek atasözlerinin cümle yapıları için de geçerlidir. Özbek Türkçesindeki atasözleri arasında “basit, birleşik, sıralı ve bağlı cümle” kuruluşları ile ifade edilenler kullanılmış; ancak ‘ki(m’li birleşik’ yapıda atasözleri hiç kullanılmamıştır. Ayrıca atasözleri arasında, sıralı cümle kuruluşunda olanların oran olarak çokluğu ile bağlı cümle kuruluşunda olanların azlığı da bir başka özellik olarak dikkat çekmektedir.

[The psychometric properties of the Proverb-Metaphor Test].

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Szajer, Katarzyna; Karakuła, Hanna; Grzywa, Anna; Parnas, Josef; Perzyńska, Aneta; Zaborska, Anna; Pawezka, Justyna; Sekunda, Agnieszka; Piszczek, Rafał; Skórska, Małgorzata

2007-01-01

Abstract thinking belongs to intellectual abilities of the highest level of the evolutionary development, thanks to which operations such a classification, systematisation and comparison are possible. An analysis of the psychometric properties of the Proverb-Metaphor Test (TPM) which has been used in the German speaking countries since 2001. The TPM was subject to the process of translation--retranslation--travesty in order to be adapted to clinical conditions in Poland. 60 patients of the Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Lublin with diagnosed paranoid schizophrenia (according to ICD-10 criteria). PANSS and TPM was carried out amongst 15 patients at the beginning of the hospitalisation (the first stage of the research) and among all persons during the remission of syndromes (the second stage). The WAIS-R (PL) was used in the second stage. 1. The TPM is a reliable instrument, of high criteria propriety. 2. The evaluated test is a relatively homogeneous research tool. 3. The TPM is, thanks to its simple construction and the short carrying out time, a practical method of abstract thinking evaluation. 4. The TPM may be a useful instrument enabling long term prognosis.

GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF PROVERBS OF ERZINCAN ERZİNCAN ATASÖZLERİNİN COĞRAFİ ANALİZİ

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Adem BAŞIBÜYÜK

2010-04-01

Full Text Available Human being is in interaction with the place on which he lives. This interaction appears, in the way that environmental conditions determine and direct human life, human gives his environment a shape and predispose it in favour of himself. Environmental conditions have long had a significant impacts on human varying from dietary forms to wearings, daily behavioral forms to habitats, beliefs forms to art and culture, in various way. Proverbs are non-materialistic cultural documents that human has brought out with his experiences in the course of interaction of human with his environment. In the proverbs, the truths of which are approved by society, in which recommendations and messages are processed, the main target is simplifying comprehension, keeping permanence, affecting listeners and telling more with less. The proverbs used in all over the world concist of universal messages for human, whereas a great part are limited to local. Initial usage and transfer through generations are possible with long observations and experiences. These observations and experiences may be weathering events such as rain, heat, wind or natural marks such as mountain, hill, tree, water, or a human activity. In some proverbs, while the event is told directly, there is a deep meaning in statement. In our study, the proverbs of Erzincan and its surroundings are analyzed as to their geographical features. İnsanoğlu üzerinde yaşadığı mekân ile karşılıklı etkileşim halindedir. Bu etkileşim sürecinde çevresel şartlar insan hayatını çeşitli şekil ve boyutlarda etkilerken, insan da çevreyi değiştirmekte veya kendi yararına uygun hale getirmeye çalışmaktadır. Çevresel şartlar yüzyıllardır insanlar üzerinde beslenme kalıplarından giyimlerine, günlük davranış biçimlerinden yaşadıkları meskenlere, inanç biçimlerinden sanat ve kültürlerine kadar çok çeşitli yönlerden belirleyici olmaya devam etmektedir. Atasözleri de �

A STUDY ON PROVERBS REBTED TO HORSE IN KYRGYZ, UIGUR, MACEDONIA-KOSOVA TURKISH LANGUAGES AND IN TURKISH LEGADERY STORIES / TÜRK DESTANLARINDA, HIKÂYELERINDE VE KIRGIZ, UYGUR, MAKEDONYA –KOSOVA TÜRKÇESINDE, AT ILE ILGILI ATASÖZLERI ÜZERINE BIR ARASTIRMA

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Gökmen MOR (M.A.H.

2008-05-01

Full Text Available The life power of a nation is only possible if it has asound base. Turkish culture is the richest one in the worldwith its literature, history custom. Turkish nation which hasgot a history full of bravery has reflected its achievements intoits epics throughout its long history. When we examine theTurkish history; we find a deep culture and precious sayingsenabling people to take lesson from life. Turkish nationbrought an extraordinary bright culture into the places where it went what distinguishes the nations from one another isespecially the oral culture. Our proverb is one of the mostimportant elements of this oral culture. Our proverbs havegrace impacts which affect people deeply. Turkish proverbsarise from Turkish thought and are a mirror which reflects itsphilosophy, Bravery, and culture. In the ancient Turkishsocieties the horse has been an indispensable element forTurkish people and mentioned in the Turkish proverbs.

WOMEN AND THE SOCIO- PYSCHOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS OF WOMAN IN IDIOMS AND PROVERB ABSTRACT ATASÖZÜ VE DEYİMLERDE KADIN VE KADININ SOSYO-PSİKOLOJİK ÖZELLİKLERİ

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Zekerya BATUR

2011-09-01

Full Text Available Proverbs and idioms are seen as a data source shedding light on a society's social structure. These data sources reveal social relations, daily life and the cultural context. Proverbs and idioms are thought to hold an important place to understand the society’s views towards individual's attitude and behavior from the past to present. This study made by general scanning model. Proverbs and idioms were scanned and words, which included women, identified. After that, meaning and mission of woman in bloc words analyzed. In conclusion, women showed sometimes source of fidelity, sometimes dishonored affection, sometimes hostility and sometimes antagonism and repulsion in bloc words. Atasözü ve deyimler, bir toplumun sosyal yapısına ışık tutan birer veri kaynağı olarak görülmektedir. Bu veri kaynakları sosyal ilişkileri, günlük yaşamı ve kültürel yapıyı gözler önüne sermektedir. Toplumun geçmişten günümüze bireyin tutum ve davranışlarına ilişkin bakışını anlamak için atasözü ve deyimlerin önemli bir yer tuttuğu düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışma genel tarama modelinde yapılmıştır. Çalışmada atasözleri ve deyimler taranarak kadın kavramının geçtiği sözler tespit edilmiştir. Daha sonra kadının kalıp sözlerdeki anlamı ve görevi sözlerden hareketle incelenmiştir. Sonuçta kalıplaşmış sözlerde kadın, bazen sadakatin bazen karşılıksız sevginin bazen düşmanlığın bazen de kin ve nefretin kaynağı olarak gösterilmiştir.

An exploration of the symbolic world of Proverbs 10:1–15:33 with specific reference to ‘the fear of the Lord’

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Anneke Viljoen

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Alternative approaches to text interpretation have introduced an opportunity to understand the biblical text afresh. One such an alternative approach is a Ricoeurian hermeneutic. Ricoeur’s understanding of the referential intention of poetic texts will be drawn on to explore its interpretive contribution to a reading of Proverbs 10:1–15:33 with specific reference to the phrase ‘the fear of the Lord’. It is suggested that the proposed reading strategy is a most productive effort.

Türkiye Türkçesinde ve Azerbaycan Türkçesinde “Su” Unsurlu Atasözlerinin Gramer Özellikleri

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Ahmet ÖKSÜZ

2014-11-01

, history and culture of a nation are all reflected in the language. Proverbs are the aphorisms transferred to us from our ancestors and reflect their opinions giving counsels and advices gathered with their observation for a long time. Proverbs are expressed with different terms in different languages; Kashkarli Mahmud expressed as "sav" in Turkish, but later in Ottoman Turkish it is expressed as "darb-ı mesel" or "durûb-i emsal". While it is denoted as "atasözü" in today's Turkish language, it is told as “atalar sözü” in Azerbaijani. Proverbs tell us the lessons to be drawn from the events happened in the community in terms of an advice or a counsel briefly. Therefore the most important aspect of the proverbs that distinguishes them from other expressions is that a judgment is mentioned in a proverb. On the other hand, various Turkish communities have gathered their own proverbs and have several works done on them. In this regard, investigation of proverbs and idioms are of special importance. Turkey and Azerbaijan are the states that have provided the coexistence of both culture and language from history up to this time. Although we speak the same language, there are slight differences in both culture and language depending on having different neighborly relations and influence from the different cultures and languages. These differences are also seen in proverbs. In this study, we will try to put forward different and similar aspects emphasizing the grammatical features of proverbs contain the word water in both languages. Keywords: Proverbs, Turkish, Azerbaijani Turkish, Turkish grammar, Turkish culture, Turkish language.

Some reflections on human needs, peace, transculturality and Igbo proverbs in the light of Emmanuel Edeh's African philosophy.

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Prstačić, Miroslav

2015-03-01

Within the framework of a transcultural, psychodynamic and holistic approach, Edeh's concept of Man as Mma-di (in Igbo language in Nigeria, mma-di = good that is, and mma-ndu = the beauty of Life) is presented as the nucleus of his philosophical articulation from an African metaphysical-anthropological perspective. In this context, some reflections are shown on the following topics: human creativity and peace... of mind, body and soul, as existential values and entity in bioethics; aspects of Edeh's philosophy and his work on the peace in the world; transculturality and Igbo proverbs shaped in form of Japanese Haiku poetry. These reflections emphasize the importance of induced aesthetic mental state in the subject, which derives from biological impulses but from archetypal and symbolic value of the object and continuously enter into a metaphysical experience as a form of life energy and human existential need. In this context, we discover also Edeh's philosophy as a new stimulus for further reflections and research on human life potentials, creativity, peace and Man's cosmic responsibility.

PROVERBS AND IDIOMS IN THE CONTEXT OF GENDER IN TURKISH TOPLUMSAL CİNSİYET BAĞLAMINDA TÜRKÇEDE ATASÖZLERİ VE DEYİMLER

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Bülent ÖZKAN

2011-09-01

Full Text Available Culture, includes all the abstract and concrete structures institutions in a society. In this sense, „culture‟ can be defined as a social knowledge that is containing both nationality and universality. When considering about the culture, it can be seen some mutual determinations in a terms of gender mainstreaming roles. The gender stereotype creates the culture; and also the culture allows the transfer of interpersonal and intergenerational structures. In this context, an imminent structure of language descriptively has a translative role in all the cultural features as identifier. While doing this, it uses some forms of expression of the verbal culture traditions. These expression forms are proverbs and idioms. In cultural transmission, these are important as reflecting the point of view of society and perspectives of them.The purpose of this study, to present the role of man and woman in Turkish society by the direction of proverbs and idioms, and also the expectations of society from these roles. In this study, the proverbs and idioms are including notions of “girl, boy; woman, man” will be evaluated and these notions will be examined in the context of gender mainstreaming. Kültür, bir toplumda soyut ve somut bütün kurumları yapısında barındıran, hem ulusallığı hem evrenselliği içeren toplumsal birikim olarak tanımlanabilir. Kültür kavramı, toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri açısından ele alındığında, birtakım karşılıklı belirlemeler söz konusudur. Toplumsal cinsiyet kalıpları kültürü oluştururken kültür de söz konusu kalıpların bireylerarası ve kuşaklararası taşınmasını sağlar. Bu bağlamda dil kültürün tanımlayıcısı olarak içkin yapısında o toplumun kültürel tüm özelliklerinin taşıyıcısıdır. Bunu yaparken de sözlü kültür geleneği olan birtakım anlatım biçimlerini kullanmaktadır. Söz konusu anlatım biçimleri atasözleri ve deyimlerdir. Bu formlar kültürü ta

A statin a day keeps the doctor away: comparative proverb assessment modelling study

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Mizdrak, Anja; Scarborough, Peter

2013-01-01

Objective To model the effect on UK vascular mortality of all adults over 50 years old being prescribed either a statin or an apple a day. Design Comparative proverb assessment modelling study. Setting United Kingdom. Population Adults aged over 50 years. Intervention Either a statin a day for people not already taking a statin or an apple a day for everyone, assuming 70% compliance and no change in calorie consumption. The modelling used routinely available UK population datasets; parameters describing the relations between statins, apples, and health were derived from meta-analyses. Main outcome measure Mortality due to vascular disease. Results The estimated annual reduction in deaths from vascular disease of a statin a day, assuming 70% compliance and a reduction in vascular mortality of 12% (95% confidence interval 9% to 16%) per 1.0 mmol/L reduction in low density lipoprotein cholesterol, is 9400 (7000 to 12 500). The equivalent reduction from an apple a day, modelled using the PRIME model (assuming an apple weighs 100 g and that overall calorie consumption remains constant) is 8500 (95% credible interval 6200 to 10 800). Conclusions Both nutritional and pharmaceutical approaches to the prevention of vascular disease may have the potential to reduce UK mortality significantly. With similar reductions in mortality, a 150 year old health promotion message is able to match modern medicine and is likely to have fewer side effects.

Comparison versus reminding.

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Tullis, Jonathan G; Goldstone, Robert L

2016-01-01

Comparison and reminding have both been shown to support learning and transfer. Comparison is thought to support transfer because it allows learners to disregard non-matching features of superficially different episodes in order to abstract the essential structure of concepts. Remindings promote memory for the individual episodes and generalization because they prompt learners to retrieve earlier episodes during the encoding of later related episodes and to compare across episodes. Across three experiments, we compared the consequences of comparison and reminding on memory and transfer. Participants studied a sequence of related, but superficially different, proverb pairs. In the comparison condition, participants saw proverb pairs presented together and compared their meaning. In the reminding condition, participants viewed proverbs one at a time and retrieved any prior studied proverb that shared the same deep meaning as the current proverb. Experiment 1 revealed that participants in the reminding condition recalled more proverbs than those in the comparison condition. Experiment 2 showed that the mnemonic benefits of reminding persisted over a one-week retention interval. Finally, in Experiment 3, we examined the ability of participants to generalize their remembered information to new items in a task that required participants to identify unstudied proverbs that shared the same meaning as studied proverbs. Comparison led to worse discrimination between proverbs related to studied proverbs and proverbs unrelated to studied proverbs than reminding. Reminding supported better memory for individual instances and transfer to new situations than comparison.

Kırgız Atasözlerinin Cümle Yapısı Üzerinde Bazı Gözlemler Some Observations On The Sentence Structures of The Kirghiz Proverbs

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Mevlüt GÜLTEKİN

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Kirghiz Turks have a rich treasure of folklore. Their proverbs, the numbers of which are given in some litery works over ten thousands, build an essential part of this treasure. We explore 97 Kirghiz proverbs,most of them chosen from Bir Miñ Kırgız Eliniñ Makal-Lakaptarı (BM,published in Kirghizstan and Kırgız Atasözleri (KA, published inTurkey, regarding their sentence structure in our article. Kirghizproverbs are classified according to their sentence structure: 1. simple,2. complex: a. coordinated, b. proverbs presenting a subordinatedsentence structure having infinitive verb forms such as infinitives,participials or gerundial forms, c. conditional, d. proverbs presentingcomplex sentence structures with a direct quote and 3. proverbs havinga mixed sentence structure. Simple sentences (1-10 are classifiedaccording to their meaning as: declarative sentences and imperativesentences. Coordinated sentences (11-25 are also studied according totheir word order as sentences presenting regular turkic word order withpredicates placed at the end of the sentence in question and sentenceswith diversed word order. Conditional clauses (26-44 are examinedaccording to their functions as adverbials, subject clauses, concessiveclauses etc. Direct quote (45-55 embedded in main sentences arestudied regarding their functions as object clauses or relative clausesbuilded by degen. We study subordinated clauses formed by infinitiveverb forms such as infinitives, participials or gerundials (56-78 and tryto determine their functions in the main sentences they take part in.Sentences comprising two or more independent clauses, at least one ofwhich has one conditional clause or a clause builded by infinitive verbforms mentioned above are definited as mixed sentences (79-97. Kırgız Türkleri zengin bir folklor hazinesine sahiptir. Bu hazinenin önemli bir bölümünü de bazı çalışmalarda sayısı on bini aşan atasözleri oluşturmaktadır. Biz bu �

Destination memory and familiarity: better memory for conversations with Elvis Presley than with unknown people.

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El Haj, Mohamad; Omigie, Diana; Samson, Séverine

2015-06-01

Familiarity is assumed to exert a beneficial effect on memory in older adults. Our paper investigated this issue specifically for destination memory, that is, memory of the destination of previously relayed information. Young and older adults were told familiar (Experiment 1) and unfamiliar (Experiment 2) proverbs associated with pictures depicting faces of celebrities (e.g., Elvis Presley) or unknown people, with a specific proverb assigned to each face. In a later recognition task, participants were presented with the previously exposed proverb-face pairs and for each pair had to decide whether they had previously relayed the given proverb to the given face. In general, destination performance was found to be higher for familiar than for unfamiliar faces. However while there was no difference between the two groups when the proverbs being relayed were unfamiliar, the advantage of face familiarity on destination memory was present only for older adults when the proverbs being relayed were familiar. Our results show that destination memory in older adults is sensitive to familiarity of both destination and output information.

Body, biometrics and identity.

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Mordini, Emilio; Massari, Sonia

2008-11-01

According to a popular aphorism, biometrics are turning the human body into a passport or a password. As usual, aphorisms say more than they intend. Taking the dictum seriously, we would be two: ourself and our body. Who are we, if we are not our body? And what is our body without us? The endless history of identification systems teaches that identification is not a trivial fact but always involves a web of economic interests, political relations, symbolic networks, narratives and meanings. Certainly there are reasons for the ethical and political concerns surrounding biometrics but these reasons are probably quite different from those usually alleged.

"Chalepa Ta Kala," "Fine Things Are Difficult": Socrates' Insights into the Psychology of Teaching and Learning

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Mintz, Avi I.

2010-01-01

The proverb "chalepa ta kala" ("fine things are difficult") is invoked in three dialogues in the Platonic corpus: "Hippias Major," "Cratylus" and "Republic." In this paper, I argue that the context in which the proverb arises reveals Socrates' considerable pedagogical dexterity as he uses the proverb to rebuke his interlocutor in one dialogue but…

Pagsusuri sa mga Balyung Nakapaloob sa mga Salawikain ng mga Tiruray Sa South Upi, Maguindanao, Philippines

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Maria Luz D. Calibayan

2015-12-01

Full Text Available This study sought to collect, record, translate, and analyze the Tiruray proverbs. Specifically the study aimed to find out the following: (1 What are the existing proverbs of Tiruray in South Upi, Maguindanao? (2What are the values found as expressed in the proverbs of Tiruraythat have been successfully preserved from their ancestors? The scope of this study was confined to the collected proverbs of Tiruray in South Upi, Maguindanao. The gatheredproverbs were transcribed from Tiruray to Filipino languageand the analysis of values from the translated proverbs was in accordance with the ideas of Andres (1985 and Timbreza (2003. The research design adopted in the study is descriptive content analysis because the main objective of the study was to analyse the values found in Tiruray proverbs. Findings revealed that the Tiruray have rich in oral literary piecessuch as proverbs which are transmitted by word of mouth from generation to generation. The Tiruray proverbs contain differenthuman values that teach or remind people how to live godly lives. Further, Tiruray proverbs conveyed message on how they value peace and harmony in the community for they are peace-loving people. The study of Tiruray proverbs could increase the body of knowledge about the cultural traits of Tiruray who are unique people and have rich cultural heritage.

An Analysis of Images of Contention and Violence in Dagara and Akan Proverbial Expressions

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Martin Kyiileyang

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Proverbial expressions have typical linguistic and figurative features. These are normally captivating to the listener. The expressive culture of the Dagara and Akan societies is embellished by these proverbial expressions. Most African proverbs, express various images depicting both pleasant and unpleasant situations in life. Unpleasant language normally depicts several terrifying images particularly when threats, insults and other forms of abuse are traded vehemently. Dagara and Akan proverbs are no exceptions to this phenomenon. This paper seeks to examine images of contention and violence depicted in Akan and Dagara proverbial expressions. To achieve this, a variety of proverbs from Akan and Dagara were analysed for their meanings using Yankah’s and Honeck’s Theories. The result revealed that structurally, as with many proverbs, the Akan and Dagara proverbial expressions are pithy and terse. The most dominant images of contention and violence in these expressions expose negative values and perceptions about the people who speak these languages.

Lexicography and Linguistic Creativity*

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It could be argued that lexicography has little business with linguistic creativ- ...... The forms in which traditional proverbs are found can also vary greatly: many ... BoE has examples of the proverb every cloud has a silver lining but many more ...

Seymour Sarason Remembered: "Plus ça change…", "Psychology Misdirected", and "Community Psychology and the Anarchist Insight".

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Trickett, Edison J

2015-12-01

The intellectual legacy of Seymour Sarason continues to serve as a critical resource for the field of community psychology. The present paper draws on one of Sarason's favorite aphorisms and two of his seminal writings to suggest the relevance of ideas articulated 35-40 years ago for the current time. Each in their own way highlights the importance of unearthing and interrogating core assumptions underlying our research and our efforts to make a positive difference. The aphorism reminds us that the rhetoric of change is far easier to articulate than to enact and all too often ignores or disguises issues of power among actors. The "misdirection" of Psychology reflected his assertion that the asocial, acultural, and ahistorical nature of American Psychology reflected American culture more generally and ill prepared it to understand and engage in social change, particularly with respect to educational reform. The "anarchist insight" articulated his belief in interrogating the implications of the increasingly interdependent relationship of science and the state for the autonomy of scientists and scientific inquiry. The evidence-based practice movement is offered as an example of the current day relevance of the aphorism and core insights of these two papers. The paper concludes with a plea to rekindle the discussion and continued examination of Sarason's paradigmatic insights for the intellectual and social development of the field.

Kenntnis und Gebrauch von Sprichwörtern bei zwei Gruppen österreichischer Jugendlicher

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Lipavic-Oštir, Alja

2013-01-01

Full Text Available The paper presents the results and findings of the study on the levels of knowledge and use of proverbs among students from two secondary education institutions in Austria (a comprehensive school in a small town in Styria and a general upper secondary school in Vienna based on a relevant survey. The students taking part in the study very surveyed on their knowledge of various proverbs (the proverb database in the questionnaire included 76 entries and on the meaning of the respective proverbs. Furthermore, the students were encouraged to estimate the frequency of their use of proverbs in speaking and writing. The results show that the "rural environment" factor is not statistically significant with reference to proverb preservation (both as part of the passive as well as the active vocabulary. The male and female students enrolled in the comprehensive school from a small town in Styria know less proverbs compared to their peers, enrolled in the general upper secondary school in Vienna included in the study. What is more, the students enrolled in the comprehensive school from a small town in Styria also know the meaning and use proverbs in speaking and/or writing less frequently than their peers from the general upper secondary school in Vienna included in the study. Rather than the aspect of "rural environment", the results hint at the aspect of "type of school" to be the determining factor (comprehensive school vs. general upper secondary school. Further analyses, including additional test subjects, would provide more insight on whether the relations between proverbs and the linguistic as well as intellectual education are prominent to such an extent that a distinct degree of reception and production of proverbs could be linked to a particular type of school. The study also features an analysis of the difference between the students with reference to gender (male vs. female, with the results showing a relatively consistent distribution.

Tahsin Ömer’in “Darb-I Mesellerimiz Hakkında Tahlili Tedkikat” Adlı Atasözleri Seçkisi A Selection of Proverbs from Tahsin Ömer’s “Darb-ı Mesellerimiz Hakkında Tahlili Tedkikat”

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Abdulmuttalip İPEK

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Proverbs and idioms include very different matters ranging from the life styles of the societies they belong to to their frames of mind, from standards of judgements to moral insights due to the fact that they are based on lasting observations, experiences and lives of those societies. As a result, they are stereotyped words which are on the position of the soul of all the culture and value world of the nation they belong to. Proverbs, which make a short-cut and efficient expression possible, also reflect the philosophy of a nation. From this point of view, the realization and preservation of these verbal entities are of vital importance. From the time of Diwanu Lugat et-Turk, the oldest known dictionary of Turkish language, to our day, important dictionaries have been authored to preserve and record these verbal entities. Each of these dictionaries are very important resources as regards with Turkish language and culture. This manuscript will mention about an anthology of proverbs. According to the searches and surveys the anthology has been mentioned only in a few articles until today. The booklet “Darb-ı Mesellerimiz Hakkında Tahlili Tedkikat” was written by Tahsin Ömer and was printed in Evkaf Printing House in Şehzadebaşı, İstanbul between 1337 and 1340. The printed copy of the booklet in the library of the University of Toronto with the recording number of PN 6505 T8 035, is translated into Modern Turkish from Ottoman Turkish with an additional short review. As the result of a revisal of about 5000 proverbs used in our country, nearly 200 proverbs were sorted out according to their meanings and Tahsin Ömer says in the two and a half pages of foreword that this 16 pages booklet was written to make people learn and draw some lessons. The most exciting parts of this booklet are that the writer examines the proverbs in moral aspects and presents a sorting method. Another important part is the presented analytical assasments in the

Francis Bacon and the Technology of Style.

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Baker, Christopher

1983-01-01

Examines Francis Bacon's intentionally devised style for scientific writings and the theoretical basis of that style. Discusses his emphasis on a truly objective point of view, and his use of aphorisms to adapt to his audience. (HTH)

What is the value of official statistics and how do we communicate that value?

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Tudorel ANDREI

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Einstein’s aphorism mentioned above wasn’t meant to colour the text, but we particularly believe it corresponds, in a way, to the topic we plan to introduce during the seminar. Consequently, paraphrasing it, the aphorism suggests a derived one which could read: “Not any statistics is official statistics and not any official statement that contains a numerical expression is statistics”. As to the above statements, the following question normally arises: “if not any statistics is official statistics, than what does official statistics mean and where does this brand, that represents a special value of statistics, come from?” On the other hand, if not any official statement, that contains a numerical expression on a certain economic or social phenomenon, is statistics, then what kind of meaning does it have?

Reconsidering the Freedom Charter, the black theology of liberation and the African proverb about the locust’s head in the context of poverty in South Africa

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Ndikho Mtshiselwa

2016-07-01

Full Text Available While South Africa attained liberation from the apartheid rule in 1994, the legacy of colonialism and apartheid – in the form of poverty and economic inequality – continues to haunt black South Africans. The aim of this article is to make a case for the equitable sharing of South Africa’s mineral wealth amongst all its citizens with the view to alleviate poverty. Firstly, this article provides a reflection on the Freedom Charter and suggests that the values of the Charter, for instance, the sharing of resources and wealth, are relevant in South Africa today. Secondly, it is argued in the present article that the preferential option for the poor which is upheld in the black theology of liberation is equally relevant in post-apartheid South Africa where many black South Africans remain poor. Thirdly, this article argues that the African proverb, Bana ba motho ba ngwathelana hlogo ya tšie [The siblings share the head of a locust], also echoes the idea of equitable sharing of resources with a view to alleviate poverty. Lastly, the author submits that the idea of equitable sharing of resources and wealth that is echoed in the Freedom Charter, the black theology of liberation and the African wise saying support the equitable redistribution of the mineral wealth to the benefit of all South Africans.

The Role of Working Memory and Divided Attention in Metaphor Interpretation

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Iskandar, Sam; Baird, Anne D.

2014-01-01

Although several types of figurative language exist, neuropsychological tests of non-literal language have focused on proverbs. Metaphors in the form X is (a) Y (e.g., "The body's immunological response is a battle against disease.") place a lower demand on language skills and are more easily manipulated for novelty than proverbs.…

Ethnolinguistic Study of Local Wisdom in Ex-Residency of Surakarta

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Wakit Abdullah

2017-02-01

Full Text Available This study discusses “the local wisdom summarized in the proverbs of the Javanese community in Ex-residency of Surakarta”. The purposes of this study are to describe (1 the background of the local wisdom as summarize in the proverbs of the Javanese community in Ex-residency of Surakarta, (2 to elaborate further reasons and specific times the people in Ex-residency of Surakarta employ the Javanese proverbs that summarize the local wisdom, and (3 explain the cultural meanings resided in the Javanese proverbs. This study employed ethnographic methods framed by the ethnolinguistic study to find the cultural meanings. Data and the data sources are categorized into primary and secondary data; the data collection method is done through the observation-participation and in-depth interview techniques; data analysis employed the ethnoscience model which underwent 12-phases of advanced research stages (of taxonomic, componential and domain analyses to find the cultural themes; validity of the data is attested with the triangulation techniques (the triangulation of data, methods, researcher, and theory. The results encompassed (1 background of the local wisdom summarized in the Javanese proverbs  expressed by the Javanese community in Ex-residency of Surakarta influenced by the cultural factors, the Javanese language, aesthetical, ethical, social, economical, political, and geographical factors; (2 the community in Ex-Surakarta expressed the Javanese proverb that summarizes local wisdom, the demands of fidelity to the culture is inevitable, media that facilitates the growth of the Javanese language, aesthetical and ethical motivations, social conditions, economical motivation, political media which show the geographical background; and (3 the cultural meaning of the Javanese proverbs which summarize the local wisdom of the community in Ex-residency of Surakarta, all of which are to show the courtesy, avoid direct confrontation, the proverbs also

Isolated, relative aproverbia without focal lesion.

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Brown, Cora; Smith-Benjamin, Sarah; Patira, Riddhi; Altschuler, Eric L

2016-06-01

We have seen a patient with a profound, isolated, and quite selective deficit in proverb interpretation-aproverbia. The patient presented to us after an anoxic brain injury with aproverbia. Interestingly, the aproverbia appeared to be premorbid to the presenting event. Furthermore, the patient had no brain lesion that has been associated or even proposed as a cause of deficit in proverb or metaphor interpretation. The patient did have acute bilateral hippocampi lesions and associated severe anterograde amnesia, but he retained good retrograde memory with which he is able to give good, logical but concrete explanations for proverbs. This case highlights the need, importance, and interest in further neuropsychologic, imaging and functional studies of proverb and interpretation in patients and normal subjects populations.

Processing fluency and impressions of joy and pride

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Kravchenko Yu.E.

2017-12-01

Full Text Available The mere exposure effect consists in the increasing of affective preference (sympathy/ liking for a previously encountered stimulus. Many researches connect it with processing fluency and effort savings (hedonic marking hypothesis [17]. The present study investigates, whether processing fluency connects with other positive emotions. We supposed higher processing fluency correlates with grater intensity of pride and joy. In 1 Experiment participants (n = 98 recognize 10 well-known proverbs in guessing game. Then they marked proverbs about that they would brag to their friends and ranked all proverbs from the most to the lest pleasant. In 2 Experiment 4 groups each of that concluded 24 different complicated joy statements were pairwise compared. Participants (n = 55 chosen most funny and marked unfunny statements. Results shows most sympathy is connect with higher processing fluency, but pride and joy appear more often in connection with more complicated stimuli required lower processing fluency.

Les proverbes dans “El ingenioso hidalgo” don Quijote de La Mancha : des stéréotypes linguistiques et culturels révélateurs de la complexité du message cervantin

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Sonia Fournet-Perot

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Le « langage stéréotypique » représente généralement l’ensemble des structures de la langue mettant en avant le savoir partagé et la connaissance du monde d’une société linguistique. Or, les proverbes ont de tous temps constitué la sagesse des nations ou sagesse populaire. La matière proverbiale représente donc, pour reprendre les mots de Henri Meschonnic, « une tentative empirique de mettre le monde en ordre ». Nous rejoignons ici la fonction fondamentale du stéréotype grâce à laquelle chaque individu a la possibilité de régler ses actions. Notre objectif est de tenter de démontrer que les proverbes, en tant que stéréotypes – à la fois linguistiques et culturels –, ne sont pas de simples ornements mais ont pour fonction de servir, en discours, la stratégie énonciative de l’œuvre littéraire au sein de laquelle ils sont incorporés. Nous avons choisi comme terrain d’analyse le Don Quijote de la Mancha de Miguel de Cervantès.El “lenguaje estereotípico” suele representar el conjunto de las estructuras de la lengua que ponen de realce el saber compartido y el conocimiento del mundo de una sociedad linguística. Ahora bien, los refranes siempre constituyeron la sabiduría de las naciones o sabiduría popular. Dichos enunciados representan, pues, según Henri Meschonnic, “une tentative empirique de mettre le monde en ordre”. Coincidimos en este punto con la función básica del estereotipo mediante la cual cada individuo puede ajustar sus acciones. Nuestra meta es intentar demostrar que los refranes, como esteretipos – linguísticos y culturales a la vez –, no son meros adornos sino que tienen como función servir, en discurso, la estrategia enunciativa de la obra literaria a la cual se incorporan. Hemos elegido como corpus el Don Quijote de la Mancha de Miguel de Cervantes.

Amsal al-Qur’an: Sebuah Kajian Dalam Psikologi Pendidikan Islam

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Fitriah M. Suud

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Al-Qur’an memiliki cabang ilmu yang beraneka ragam di dalamnya, salah satunya adalah amsal al-Qur’an, ilmu ini memuat perumpamaan-perumpamaan tentang berbagai hal yang sarat dengan makna dan hikmah yang besar. Amsal al-Qur’an merupakan penyampaian gagasan-gagasan dengan bahasa yang padat dan  indah, menghadirkan sesuatu yang abstrak seolah-olah dapat diindrakan oleh manusia, yang sulit difahami dan dibayangkan menjadi hal yang mudah dicerna dan menjadi kongkrit. Hal ini kemudian menjadi pelajaran besar bagi orang yang mau mengkajinya. Para pendidik di kalangan Islam bisa menjadikan amsal al-Qur’an sebagai contoh yang sangat berharga dalam dunia pendidikan baik dari segi tujuan, materi, metode maupun media yang digunakan. Secara garis besar, amtsal al-Qur’an terbagi menjadi tiga, yaitu amsal Musharrah, amsal Kaminah, dan amsal Mursalah. Dalam perkembangan ilmu tafsir, amsal memberikan kontribusi yang cukup besar terhadap perkembangan berfikir umat Islam dalam mendalami dan memahami Al Qur’an. Ayat - ayat Al-Qur’an yang mengandung amsal, mengandung manfaat dalam pendidikan dan juga kejiwaan. Selain itu amsal al-Qur-an juga tidak sepi dari nilai-nilai psikologi baik psikologi umum maupun psikologi pendidikan Islam. Makalah ini akan menyampaikan amsal al-Qur’an dalam kaitannya dengan psikologi dan nilai-nilai pendidikan yang terkandung di dalamnya. Kata Kunci : Amsal  al-Qur’an, Psikologi, Pendidikan.  Al-Quran has many diverse branches of science within, one of them is the proverb of al-Quran. This science contains parables a lot of things that are fully loaded with meaning and great wisdom. The proverbs of the Qur'an are the transmissions of ideas in a dense and beautiful language, presenting something abstract as if it could be induced by human beings, the difficult to understand and to imagine easily becomes digested and concrete. This case then becomes a big lesson for people who want to study it. Educators in Islamic

Validity and reliability of the screening test for Alzheimer's disease with proverbs (STADP for the elderly Validade e confiabilidade do teste de rastreio de Doença de Alzheimer com provérbios (TRDAP para idosos

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Mauricéa Tabosa Ferreira Santos

2009-09-01

Full Text Available The prevalence Alzheimer's disease with age compromises memory, language, executive functions, constructive praxis and abstraction, requiring early evaluation with standardized tests. OBJECTIVE: To validate the Screening Test for Alzheimer's Disease with Proverbs (STADP, elaborated using pieces from the proverb memory game. METHOD: The test contains three stages (A: short-term memory, B: executive functions and language and C: episodic memory. The sample consisted of 91 elderly individuals with minimum age of 60 years and one year of schooling, CDR of one or zero, cared for at specialized services of UFPE, HGA and private institutions. Sociodemographic data, habits and health perception were assessed. Among the tests used were MMSE (convergent validity and GDS (discriminating. RESULTS: A good correlation with standardized test was found, acceptable internal consistency (0.71, cutoff point for schooling of 6.49 (low (80% and 77.8% and 8.66 (high (84.6% and 86.1%; Kappa coefficient of 1 (p=0.000 inter-rater consistency. CONCLUSION: STADP is a valid test for screening Alzheimer's disease.A prevalência da doença de Alzheimer com o envelhecimento, que compromete memória, linguagem, funções executivas, praxia construtiva e abstração, necessita avaliação precoce com testes padronizados. OBJETIVO: Validação do Teste de Rastreio de Doença de Alzheimer com Provérbios (TRDAP, elaborado com pedras do jogo de memória de provérbios. MÉTODO: O teste contém três etapas (A: memória curto-prazo, B: funções executivas e linguagem e C: memória episódica. A amostra tinha 91 idosos com mínimos de 60 anos e de um ano de escolaridade, CDR (um ou zero, de serviços especializados da UFPE, HGA e particular. Avaliaram-se dados sociodemográficos, hábitos e percepção de saúde. Dentre os testes utilizados - MEEM (validade convergente, EDG (discriminante. RESULTADOS: Apontaram para boa correlação com testes padronizados, consistência interna

Paremiología y refranes de la Casa de Caritat de Barcelona, desde el punto de vista de la Pragmática

OpenAIRE

Laborda Gil, Xavier

2004-01-01

This paper gathers a collection of proverbs set as an ornamental motif at the old “Casa de Cartitat” (the Charity House, in Barcelona) and analyzes its contents from a pragmatic point of view. The house was one of the main charitable city organization in the 19th century. The collection consists of nineteen proverbs, written in Catalan and set by means of glazed tiles on the walls of the women's courtyard of the Charity House. To set an example, one of this proverbs says: “Sempre ...

Locuciones, dichos y refranes sobre el lenguaje: unidades fraseológicas fijas e interacción verbal Idioms, sayings and proverbs on language: determined phrasal units and verbal interaction

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FRANCISCO ZULUAGA GÓMEZ

2005-06-01

Full Text Available Las locuciones y refranes sobre el lenguaje se pueden considerar como fórmulas metalingüísticas en lenguaje corriente (fomelcos que para el hablante funcionan como instrucciones pragmáticas de la lengua. Según la función específica que desempeñan en la práctica discursiva y en la interacción, se pueden clasificar en tres categorías: descriptivas, instructivas y regulativas. Para ilustrar este planteamiento, se analizarán algunas muestras siguiendo un modelo de entrada lexical en el que se explica la estructura semántica y la función pragmática de las expresiones. Se concluye que las fomelcos son un registro del conocimiento que tiene el hablante de la racionalidad que rige las relaciones de uso del lenguaje.Idioms and proverbs on language can be considered as metalinguistical formulas in current language (‘fomelcos’ which are used by the speaker in the function of pragmatic instructions of the language. Depending on their specific function they act out in discourse and interaction, they may be classified in three categories: descriptive, instructive and regulatory. To give support to this statement, some specimens are analyzed applying a lexical entry model in which the semantic structure and the pragmatic function of the expressions are explained. The author concludes that the ‘fomelcos’ are a register of the knowledge the speaker has on the rationality which rules the speech correlations.

Nonliteral language in Alzheimer dementia: a review.

Science.gov (United States)

Rapp, Alexander M; Wild, Barbara

2011-03-01

The use of nonliteral language in clinical assessment, especially testing the patients' ability to interpret proverbs, has a long tradition in psychiatry. However, its diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in dementias is not yet clear. The aim of this review article is to examine the current evidence on nonliteral/figurative language (proverb, metaphor, metonymy, idiom, irony, sarcasm) comprehension in Alzheimer's disease and related disorders. A comprehensive literature search identified 25 studies (16 proverb, 3 metaphor, 0 metonymy, 5 idiom, 3 sarcasm) on nonliteral language comprehension in dementia. Studies predominantly indicate a deficit. Most studies investigated Alzheimer's dementia. Applied correctly, nonliteral language is a worthwhile diagnostic tool to evaluate language and abstract thinking in dementias. During assessment, familiarity testing (e.g., by asking "are you familiar with the proverb XY") is obligatory. Still, future research is needed in several areas: evidence on decline of nonliteral language over the course of the illness is limited. So far, almost no studies delineated proverb comprehension in high risk populations such as patients with mild cognitive impairment. Currently, there is a lack of studies addressing performance in direct comparison to relevant differential diagnosis like older-age depression, delirium, brain lesion, or other psychiatric conditions.

Managing business model innovation risks - lessons for theory and practice

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Taran, Yariv; Chester Goduscheit, René; Boer, Harry

2015-01-01

approach, arguing from a “no risk no reward” aphorism, a sloppy implementation approach towards business model innovation may result in catastrophic, sometimes even fatal, consequences to a firm’s core business. Based on four unsuccessful business model innovation experiences, which took place in three...

NILAI SOSIAL BUDAYA JEPANG DALAM PERIBAHASA JEPANG YANG MENGGUNAKAN KONSEP BINATANG

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Sriwahyu Istana Trahutami

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Proverbs conveying animal concepts can be found in almost languages. They are used to express indirectly the spesker’s meaning. The data of the research are taken from Japanese Proverb Dictionary. This study used referential and inferential methods.The methods were used to determine life values in Japanese society or Japanese culture. This analysis reveals that in Japanese proverbs the animal like dog, cat, frog, snake, raccoon, tanuki, fish etc is often mapped on to human beings to expressing human relationship and to show characteristic of the Japanese people and culture.

Remerciements

OpenAIRE

2015-01-01

« Comment serait-elle bénie, la nation où contre le fort il n’y aurait pas justice pour le faible? »Hadith (Dits du Prophète) « Juste aujourd’hui et injuste demain, ce n’est pas là une bonne manière de gouverner. »Proverbe akan « La justice ne peut pas attendre, le droit ne peut pas plier. »Proverbe malgache « Sache que le droit d’autrui est une braise; si tu t’en saisis, il te brûle la main. »Proverbe zerma-songhaï « Nit moodi garab u nit » (« L’homme est le remède pour l’homme »).Proverbe o...

From Frozen Ties to Strategic Engagement: U.S.-Iranian Relationship in 2030

Science.gov (United States)

2015-05-01

proverb .1 NEW ADMINISTRATIONS AND THE POTENTIAL FOR CHANGE When Barack Obama assumed the U.S. presidency in 2009, he emphasized engagement with...Tactics without strategy is the noise before defeat. Chinese proverb (apocryphally attributed to Sun Tzu).1 STEERING RELATIONSHIPS WITH KEY

Saving the “Undoomed Man” In Beowulf (572b-573

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Anderson Salena Sampson

2015-01-01

Full Text Available The maxim Wyrd oft nereð // unfӕgne eorl, / þonne his ellen deah “Fate often spares an undoomed man when his courage avails” (Beowulf 572b-573 has been likened to “Fortune favors the brave,” with little attention to the word unfӕgne, which is often translated “undoomed”. This comparison between proverbs emphasizes personal agency and suggests a contrast between the proverb in 572b-573 and the maxim Gӕð a wyrd swa hio scel “Goes always fate as it must” (Beowulf 455b, which depicts an inexorable wyrd. This paper presents the history of this view and argues that linguistic analysis and further attention to Germanic cognates of (unfӕge reveal a proverb that harmonizes with 455b. (Unfӕge and its cognates have meanings related to being brave or cowardly, blessed or accursed, and doomed or undoomed. A similar Old Norse proverb also speaks to the significance of the status of unfӕge men. Furthermore, the prenominal position of unfӕgne is argued to represent a characterizing property of the man. The word unfӕgne is essential to the meaning of this proverb as it indicates not the simple absence of being doomed but the presence of a more complex quality. This interpretive point is significant in that it provides more information about the portrayal of wyrd in Beowulf by clarifying a well-known proverb in the text; it also has implications for future translations of these verses.

"We Share the Same Biology..." Cultivating Cross-Cultural Empathy and Global Ethics through Multilingualism

Science.gov (United States)

Rolbin, Cyrus; Chiesa, Bruno Della

2010-01-01

The "language-culture tesseract" hypothesized in the September 2010 issue of "Mind, Brain, and Education" suggests successive links between non-native language (NNL) acquisition, the development of cross-cultural empathy, and prosocial global ethics. Invoking Goethe's (1833/1999) aphorism, "those who do not know other languages know nothing of…

Probabilistic Design

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Burcharth, H. F.; Sørensen, John Dalsgaard; Voortman, Hessel

In this report is described the failure modes in the computational reliability program implemented at Aalborg University within PROVERBS.......In this report is described the failure modes in the computational reliability program implemented at Aalborg University within PROVERBS....

Is our language sexist or not ? An a pproach of the issue from Latin American popular sayings

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Carmen Rosa Pacheco Carpio

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Popular proverbs are an expression of ancestor‟s wisdom emerging from daily life. Under the vision of the didactics they empower different attitudes, values and behaviors settled in the consciousness and social representation of the “ideal being”. Together with it, an important number of Latino American proverbs that transmit stereotypes associated with the traditional role of the gender expressing a discriminatory vision against women appeared in the daily language. The objective of this article is to analyze and systematize the proverbs used in Latino America which express a sexist vision against women.

'Dancer in the Dark?'

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Høgenhaven, Jesper

2014-01-01

Two famous Old Testament texts – Proverbs 8 and Job 28 - contain descriptions of wisdom as a pre-existent being with a special relationship to God before the world was created. However, these texts present pre-existent wisdom in two very different contexts and perspectives: In Proverbs 8...

THINKING IN PAREMIOLOGY

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Letitia DURNEA

2017-12-01

Full Text Available The present article has the purpose of highlighting possible interrelationships between proverbs and thinking, both connected through education. Thinking, a complex mental process, is materialized in various forms, being influenced by the individual’s personalities, trends and personal interests. For this reason, we consider that proverbs, reaching so extensive areas, can satisfy different tastes, sometimes even contradictory. It seeks to highlight the form in which thinking can be contrived, guided and even provoked by proverbs - short, popular phrases with fixed forms that convey the millennial wisdom of our ancestors. Assigning multiple roles, the paremiology conceals thinking with the help of educators through education.

Provérbios e Antiprovérbios: O Uso Como Recurso Didático Para O Ensino De Língua E Literatura

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Caroline Oliveira Pil dos Santos

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Proverbs are sayings, ideologies and beliefs derived from the popular wisdom and express, through a short sentence, a thought and arguments, which can be cultural, moral, social and religious, which wisely appropriate the function of teaching, advise and communicate. The anti proverbs are recreations of original sayings with change of direction. This research aims at investigating and reflecting on the possibilities of bringing these micro texts born in popular oral culture to the written culture context of children and adolescents, using proverbs and anti proverbs as a teaching resource for language teaching and literature. This research wants to emphasize the richness of folk wisdom and reflect on the many possibilities of their use in interpretation and text production activities. This paper is justified by the importance that have the language studies and literature in the school context and the first part will look at the terminology relating to these short texts, its origin, transmission and importance within popular culture and the processes employed in the creation of anti proverbs. The second step will be detailed aspects of the use of these micro texts in language and literature classes. The theoretical framework includes authors who address the matter in its multiple dimensions and projects related to language studies and literature and among them we cite Xatara & Succi (2008, PCN (1997, Donato (1994 and Sant'Anna (1988.

Application of Saying, Synonyms, Antonyms, and Indonesian Dictionary Using Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0

OpenAIRE

Agus Budi Setyawan; Yudi Irawan Chandra, SKom, MMSI

2005-01-01

This writing describes the application of the proverb, synonym, antonym, and dictionaries Indonesian. Basically, this application to find out about the meaning of the proverb, synonym, antonym and meaning of the word in Indonesian. For that the author wanted to show them in computerized form using Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0. by presenting it in the form of computerized data that the authors hope that we get a more accurate or the possibility of error becomes smaller. Also expected this appli...

Trust and Social Intelligence

OpenAIRE

Yamagishi , Toshio

2011-01-01

Part 1: Extended Abstracts for Keynote Speakers; International audience; One of the strongest expression of generalized distrust – i.e., distrust of human nature in general – can be found in a Japanese proverb, “Its best to regard everyone as a thief” (hito wo mitara dorobo to omoe). An expression of the other extreme, generalized trust, can also be found in another Japanese proverb, “you will never meet a devil as you walk through the social world” (wataru seken ni oni ha nai). I asked about...

Binomial probability distribution model-based protein identification algorithm for tandem mass spectrometry utilizing peak intensity information.

Science.gov (United States)

Xiao, Chuan-Le; Chen, Xiao-Zhou; Du, Yang-Li; Sun, Xuesong; Zhang, Gong; He, Qing-Yu

2013-01-04

Mass spectrometry has become one of the most important technologies in proteomic analysis. Tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is a major tool for the analysis of peptide mixtures from protein samples. The key step of MS data processing is the identification of peptides from experimental spectra by searching public sequence databases. Although a number of algorithms to identify peptides from MS/MS data have been already proposed, e.g. Sequest, OMSSA, X!Tandem, Mascot, etc., they are mainly based on statistical models considering only peak-matches between experimental and theoretical spectra, but not peak intensity information. Moreover, different algorithms gave different results from the same MS data, implying their probable incompleteness and questionable reproducibility. We developed a novel peptide identification algorithm, ProVerB, based on a binomial probability distribution model of protein tandem mass spectrometry combined with a new scoring function, making full use of peak intensity information and, thus, enhancing the ability of identification. Compared with Mascot, Sequest, and SQID, ProVerB identified significantly more peptides from LC-MS/MS data sets than the current algorithms at 1% False Discovery Rate (FDR) and provided more confident peptide identifications. ProVerB is also compatible with various platforms and experimental data sets, showing its robustness and versatility. The open-source program ProVerB is available at http://bioinformatics.jnu.edu.cn/software/proverb/ .

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African Journals Online (AJOL)

aphorism as it applies at the University of Zimbabwe, Perspectives on Student Affairs in South. Africa is a ... Benchmarks and outcomes of educational .... certainly be felt as it makes its way into libraries and offices of student affairs practitioners.

The Historical Development of the Written Discourses on Ubuntu

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Gade, Christian B.N.

2011-01-01

the period from 1993 to 1995 that the Nguni proverb ‘umuntu ngumuntu ngabantu’ (often translated as ‘a person is a person through other persons’) was used for the first time to describe what ubuntu is. Most authors today refer to the proverb when describing ubuntu, irrespective of whether they consider...

ASPEK-ASPEK LINGUISTIK DALAM PROVERBA BAHASA INGGRIS

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Iqbal Nurul Azhar

2016-10-01

Full Text Available This qualitative research is an attempt to explain the structural, lexical, and semantic aspects of English proverbs by using grounded theory approach. The design of this research is embedded single case study which employs Spradley’s qualitative data analysis techniques. This study used non-participant observation method which involved scanning reading and taking-note techniques. The data were then categorized into taxonomies by using distributional and identity method. The result of the research shows that: (1 the structures of English proverbs are varied in forms, from the simple to complex, (2 the inter-constituent relations are not rigid, (3 some unique lexical formulas construct the proverbial structures, and (4 lexicons that construct English proverbs have their own semantic distinctive functions

On Doing Mathematics: Why We Should Not Encourage "Feeling," "Believing," or "Interpreting" Mathematics

Science.gov (United States)

McLoughlin, M. Padraig M. M.

2012-01-01

P. R. Halmos recalled a conversation with R. L. Moore where Moore quoted a Chinese proverb. That proverb provides a summation of the justification of the methods employed in teaching students to do mathematics with a modified Moore method (MMM). It states, "I see, I forget; I hear, I remember; I do, I understand." In this paper we build…

Toward a dynamic system architecture for enhanced security

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

De Spain, Mark J. [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

2009-03-01

The basis of this work is a paraphrase of a well-known aphorism regarding system models that is extended to the object being modeled, begging your indulgence: “Essentially, all systems are broken, but some do useful work.” (Box, 1987).

[Structural correlation of schizophrenic thought and language disorders with delusional perception and variations of intentionality].

Science.gov (United States)

Holm-Hadulla, R

1988-01-01

This study originated from a phenomenological and speech-act theoretical concept of schizophrenic concretism. An experimental study was performed showing a highly significant lack in the schizophrenic patients' ability to use metaphors correctly. Basing on the interpretation of proverbs, the hypothesis is rejected that false interpretations of schizophrenic patients are due to intermingling of personal conflicts. On the other hand, it could be shown that concretistic interpretations of proverbs represent an avoidance of conflicts. The concepts of "substitution" and "transfer" enabled us to measure pathological concreteness and "deconflictualisation". The differentiation between schizophrenic and nonpsychotic patients was found to be highly significant. In a complementary study it could be shown that the chronic schizophrenics' disability to transfer images of proverbs to an interpersonally relevant context does not differ significantly from that of patients with their first schizophrenic episode. Discussing our empirical findings, we try to show that the concretistic reduction of thought and speech is also a paradigma of delusion. The "incorrigibility" of schizophrenic delusion was seen to be based on reification of verbal signs and metaphors. After trying to show a connection between the concretistic "Lebensform" (Wittgenstein) and the disordered intentionality of schizophrenic patients, pointers towards psychotherapeutic implications are given.

South African Female Presidential Leadership and the inevitability of a donga as final destination? Reading the Deuteronomistic Athaliah the bosadi way

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V. Ndikhokele N. Mtshiselwa

2016-07-01

Full Text Available In the 104 years of the existence of the African National Congress, many a black person in Sout Africa has been exclusively led by men. Also, 24 years into a democracy, patriarchy continues to raise its ugly head in our parliament, among other institutions. Disturbingly, against the call for a female presidential leadership Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, the National Union of Mineworkers, together with the ANC leadership in the Gauteng province, are lobbying for a male presidential candidate namely, Cyril Ramaphosa. In order to engage the issue of patriarchy in the South African politics, the Sepedi/Northern Sotho proverb tsa etwa ke ye tshadi pele, di wela ka leope [once they are led by a female one, that is, a cow, they will fall into a donga] will be employed as a hermeneutical tool to re-read the Deuteronomistic Athaliah the bosadi way. the interest of the preceding way lies at seeking justice for the transformation of many an African women's life in present day South Africa. Inthe end, this article will investigate whether the tenor of the Northern Sotho/Sepedi proverb that once they (cattle [read: South Africans] are led by a female one, they are sure to fall into a donga.Intradisciplinary and interdisciplinary implications: Drawing from the insight in the fields of the Old Testament, gender and social sciences studies as well as Indigenous Knowledge Systems (with particular focus on an African proverb, this article addresses the topic of the South African Female Presidential Leadership and the Deuteronomistic Athaliah the bosadi way.Keywords: Deuteronomistic Athaliah; Patriarchy; Woman president; South Africa; Sepedi proverb; bosadi

Finding the Right Indigenous Leader and Force for Counterinsurgency Operations

Science.gov (United States)

2011-12-01

Shooting at the Moon: The Story of Americas Clandestine War in Laos (South Royalton: Steerforth Press, 1996). 53Defense, Army Special Operations...warfare can only be accomplished with the support of the indigenous population. One of Mao Tse -tung’s most famous aphorisms is that “the people are...Sept 2011 93 Mao Tse -Tung, Aspects of China’s Anti-Japanese Struggle (Bombay: Open library, 1948), 48. 52 partnership between the FMF and LIF does

Do scientific advancements lean on the shoulders of giants? A bibliometric investigation of the Ortega hypothesis

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bornmann, L.; de Moya Anegón, F.; Leydesdorff, L.

2010-01-01

Background In contrast to Newton's well-known aphorism that he had been able "to see further only by standing on the shoulders of giants," one attributes to the Spanish philosopher Ortega y Gasset the hypothesis saying that top-level research cannot be successful without a mass of medium researchers

How the Elderly Can Use Scientific Knowledge to Solve Problems While Designing Toys: A Retrospective Analysis of the Design of a Working UFO

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Mei-Yung; Hong, Jon-Chao; Hwang, Ming-Yueh; Wong, Wan-Tzu

2013-01-01

The venerable aphorism "an old dog cannot learn new tricks" implies that the elderly rarely learn anything new--in particular, scientific knowledge. On the basis of "learning by doing," the present study emphasized knowledge application (KA) as elderly subjects collaborated on the design of a toy flying saucer (UFO). Three…

The use of culturally themed HIV messages and their implications for ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

activation of positive Batswana culture to modify harmful norms, values and social practices, drawing upon those cultural aspects .... language communication to present learning contexts ... (Setswana proverbs and English text messages).An.

Cosmic Pessimism

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Eugene Thacker

2012-08-01

Full Text Available The author of After Life (University of Chicago Press presents a series of aphorisms exploring pessimism's motility and its sessility. "A long, low funereal sigh" opens the reader onto an abrupt anatomical study of pessimism, its moral and metaphysical considerations and music. Songs of spite, of futility, of sleep, of doom and further mournful voices resound.

Schrijven na Auschwitz, na apartheid, na de digital turn | T'Sjoen ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

In this paper I discuss the concept of “engaged poetry” and the position of poetry with a so-called ethic dimension in the digital era. Taking the famous aphorism by Theodor W. Adorno as a starting point—“Nach Auschwitz ein Gedicht zu schreiben, ist barbarisch” (“After Auschwitz writing poetry is barbaric”)—and the two ...

Erste Annäherung einer Hermeneutik des משׁﬥ in alttestamentlichen Schriften mit Überlegungen zur Rezeption dieses Begriffes in den neutestamentlichen Evangelien

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Brix, Katrine

2009-01-01

respectively. Etymologically משל I has several meanings: "proverb", "byword", "reproach" and "parable". Despite these different meanings coherence can still be found within the hermeneutical setting of the word, where it seems to signify either a positive or negative relationship between Yahweh and Israel....... In the negative sense of the word it appears as "proverb", "byword" or "reproach" indicating a broken relationship between Yahweh and Israel caused by disobedience to the Word of the Covenant. In the positive sense of the word it indicates a manifest and unique relationship between Yahweh and the one speaking...

The text-critical and exegetical value of the Dead Sea Scrolls

African Journals Online (AJOL)

2016-07-29

Jul 29, 2016 ... books Proverbs and Job are taken as examples. Finally, highly ... On the contrary, 1QIsab consistently uses defective forms. This phenomenon is .... This argument is primarily based upon a translation technical assumption.

Evaluating the Impact of Collectivism and Individualism on Argumentative Writing by Chinese and North American College Students.

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Wu, Su-Yueh; Rubin, Donald L.

2000-01-01

Analyzes writing features conceptually linked to collectivist or individualist orientations among students from Taiwan and the United States. Notes that theses features were indirectness, personal disclosure, use of proverbs and other canonical expressions, collective self, and assertiveness. Makes comparisons across languages and nationalities…

PROVERBIALITÉ ET TRADUCTION: LA DICHOTOMIE FORME-SENS / PROVERBIALIDADE E TRADUÇÃO: A DICOTOMIA FORMA-SENTIDO

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Christine Michaux

2018-02-01

Full Text Available RESUMÉ Dans cet article, nous proposons une analyse du proverbe en tant qu’énoncé formellement fixe, et sémantiquement dépendant du texte dans lequel il est cité. Ces reflexiones sont issues de notre pratique de la traduction des proverbes. RESUMO Este artigo se propõe a analisar o provérbio como um enunciado formalmente fixo, mas semanticamente dependente do texto em que estiver inserido, evidências que se originaram de reflexões no exercício da tradução proverbial.

At the interface of syntax and prosody: Differentiating left dislocated ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Kate H

Biblia Hebraica use the Leningrad Codex as their base text, specifically the ... for three poetic books, namely Psalms, Job and Proverbs (Yeivin 1980: 157-158). ... liturgy (the Haggadah); it is also reflected in the translation of the Latin Vulgate.

Etymological Aspects of Idiomatic and Proverbial Expressions in the Lexicographic Development of Sesotho sa Leboa ? A Semantic Analysis*

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V.M. Mojela

2011-10-01

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Abstract: Idiomatic and proverbial expressions are important components of the oral traditionof Sesotho sa Leboa, and therefore a knowledge of the literal meaning of words as they appear indictionaries without inclusion of their figurative meaning seems to be a shortcoming. An idiom or aproverb possesses one basic meaning, i.e. the meaning to which the idiom or proverb is basicallymeant to refer, but each idiom or proverb is made up of several lexical items. Each of these lexicalitems has its own meaning, which usually differs from the figurative sense of the idiom or proverb.Even though the meaning of the words in an idiomatic or proverbial expression seems to differfrom the sense of the idiom or proverb, there is to a certain extent a relationship. It is this relationshipwhich lexicographers can assist to explain in their definitions in order to clarify both the literaland the figurative meanings of words in Sesotho sa Leboa.This article aims to stress the importance of having specialized dictionaries which will giveusers detailed etymological explanations of the meaning of idiomatic and proverbial expressions asused in Sesotho sa Leboa. The etymological analysis of the meaning of these lexical items (idiomsand proverbs will provide a better understanding of these expressions and enrich dictionarieswith detailed definitions. This will create a better understanding of the relationship between theliteral meanings of the expressions and their real (i.e. figurative meanings.

Keywords: DIACHRONIC ANALYSIS, ETYMOLOGY, FIGURATIVE EXPRESSION, IDIOM,LEMMATIZATION, LEXICOLOGY, METAPHOR, METAPHORIC EXPRESSION, PROVERB,SYNCHRONIC ANALYSIS, TERMINOGRAPHY.

Opsomming: Etimologiese aspekte van idiomatiese en spreekwoordelikeuitdrukkings in die leksikografiese ontwikkeling van Sesotho sa Leboa — 'nsemantiese ontleding. Idiomatiese en spreekwoordelike uitdrukkings is belangrike komponentevan die mondelinge tradisie van Sesotho sa Leboa en

Teacher Use of Primary and Secondary Philosophical Thought to Motivate and Enlighten Peers and Students.

Science.gov (United States)

Lynn, Karen

This document is a collection of quotations that have been used by the instructor to motivate audiences and stimulate discussion. It is suggested that classroom teachers might find these quotations useful. The quotations are organized into the following categories: Africa, Apache, Arabian proverb, Bible, China, economics, history, political…

Ambiguity effects of rhyme and meter.

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Wallot, Sebastian; Menninghaus, Winfried

2018-04-23

Previous research has shown that rhyme and meter-although enhancing prosodic processing ease and memorability-also tend to make semantic processing more demanding. Using a set of rhymed and metered proverbs, as well as nonrhymed and nonmetered versions of these proverbs, the present study reveals this hitherto unspecified difficulty of comprehension to be specifically driven by perceived ambiguity. Roman Jakobson was the 1st to propose this hypothesis, in 1960. He suggested that "ambiguity is an intrinsic, inalienable feature" of "parallelistic" diction of which the combination of rhyme and meter is a pronounced example. Our results show that ambiguity indeed explains a substantial portion of the rhyme- and meter-driven difficulty of comprehension. Longer word-reading times differentially reflected ratings for ambiguity and comprehension difficulty. However, the ambiguity effect is not "inalienable." Rather, many rhymed and metered sentences turned out to be low in ambiguity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).

Art as tragic overcoming. An approach to the philosophical problem of the origin of the tragic choir. Commentary on the paragraphs 7 and 8 of The birth of tragedy

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Oscar Quejido Alonso

2014-07-01

Full Text Available From Nietzsche's statement that "the tragedy born of the tragic chorus, and was originally chorus and nothing but chorus" (GT, 7, we will try to show how, since the first Nietzschean conception of tragedy, this fundamental element of his thought can be characterized, beyond next differences, as an ever transient overcoming of nihilism. Thus, by analyzing the aphorisms 7 and 8 of The Birth of Tragedy, we will show how these elements appear through Nietzsche's interpretation of the tragic chorus

Kırım-Tatar Atasözlerinin Sentaksı Üzerine Bir Araştırma A Syntactic Study On The Crimean Tatar Proverbs

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Mevlüt GÜLTEKİN

2013-07-01

Full Text Available Crimean Tatar Turks live today mainly in Crimea, Uzbekistan, Rumania and Turkey. Crimean Tatar belongs to the northwestern (Kipchak group of Turkic languages. Crimean Tatar has become a written language in the 19th century and standardized in 1920’s. Inthis article, we explored 168 Crimean Tatar proverbs selected fromKırım-Tatar Atasözleri regarding their sentence structure. The proverbsstudied have been classified according to their sentence structure: I.simple, II. complex: 1. coordinated, 2. conditional, 3. proverbspresenting complex sentence structures with a direct quote, 4. proverbspresenting a subordinated sentence structure having infinitive verbforms such as infinitives, participials or gerundial forms, and III.proverbs having a mixed sentence structure. Simple sentences (1-23have been classified according to their predicate as verbal sentencesand nominal sentences etc. Compound sentences (24-61 have beendivided in a. compound sentences without any conjunctions, b.compound sentences introduced by coordinating conjunctions.Conditional clauses (62-83 have been examined according to theirfunctions as adverbials, object, subject, concessive clauses etc. Directquotes (84-96 embedded in main sentences have been studiedregarding their functions in the main clause. We studied subordinatedclauses built by infinitive verb forms such as infinitives, participials orgerundials (97-150 and tried to determine their functions in the mainsentences they take part in. Mixed sentences (151-168 are investigatedat the last part of this study. Kırım-Tatar Türklerinin çoğu, bugün Ukrayna’ya bağlı Kırım ile Özbekistan, Türkiye ve Romanya’da yaşamaktadır. Türk dilinin Kuzeybatı (Kıpçak grubuna giren Kırım-Tatar Türkçesi, 19. yüzyılda edebî dil olmuş ve 1920’lerde ise standartlaşmıştır. Kırım-Tatar atasözlerinin cümle bilgisi yönünden incelendiği bu çalışmada Kırım-Tatar Atasözleri adlı eserden seçilen 168

The Effect of "Here and Now" Learning on Student Engagement and Academic Achievement

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Northey, Gavin; Govind, Rahul; Bucic, Tania; Chylinski, Mathew; Dolan, Rebecca; van Esch, Patrick

2018-01-01

Commitment, persistence and effort have long been considered critical components for an individual's academic success. Yet, according to the old proverb, two heads are better than one and collaborative learning may yield greater benefits than what might be achieved by an individual. Because of this, collaborative learning has been labelled a…

A Means Towards Understanding: Reconnaissance and the Practice of Operational Art

Science.gov (United States)

2011-12-01

old proverb describes the intuitive idea that gaining information about an enemy is advantageous. While often unreliable and transient, information...cross-Channel invasion plans.113 Operation Roundup, the 1943 plan for the Continental invasion, envisioned an attack on a broad front from Le Harve

Strengths and weaStrengths and Weaknesses of Ola Rotim's ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Besides using the play to address Nigeria's numerous problems at independence, Rotimi also brings in a lot of changes in the original Greek play. He dispenses with the chorus, in their place; he relies on the narrator and chiefs of Kutuje. He replaces Greek chants with African songs; he employs proverbs, riddles and other ...

Isaiah 1:2−3, ethics and wisdom. Isaiah 1:2–3 and the Song of Moses

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Test

2011-06-07

Jun 7, 2011 ... The legal collections in the Torah form one of the pillars of a study of the ethics of the HB ... in the book of Proverbs 10–29, derives its ethical rules and regulations ..... 84−97, Harvard University Press, Cambridge. Otto, E., 2006 ...

Euripides's Helena and Pentateuch traditions: The Septuagint from ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

2015-06-17

Jun 17, 2015 ... Ancient Greek Tragedies were received by the LXX translators, but of how Old Testament ..... The Hebrew text, however, uses different vocabulary ..... Job 36:28; 37:18–21; Psalms 35(36):6; 76(77):18; 88(89):7; Proverbs 8:28;.

General And Specific Features In Realizing An Essay In English Language – A Case Study Of Essay On Economic Themes

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Daliana Ecaterina TASCOVICI

2016-04-01

Full Text Available The present paper wants to be a systematic and not only a theoretical approach on essays. This type of writing knows several points of view connecting its form, content, specific features and types, rules to be observed in its writing, structures or styles. As we know, it implies freedom of composition, originality, associations of surprising images and propensity for aphorism. We try to frame all its specifications within the economic essay, as economics is a field of exact utterance, where the speaker cannot play with the words and their meaning.

International Journal of Arts and Humanities(IJAH) Bahir Dar- Ethiopia

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Nneka Umera-Okeke

Africa is made up of different and sometimes conflicting countries, regions, tribes and languages although certain traits within Africa are homogenous. Given the multi-ethnic and linguistic structure of Africa, it is impossible in a paper of this nature to examine and exhaust African philosophy ..... Zulu proverbs. Johannesburg: ...

A ORIGINAL OTTOMAN PROVERB SAMPLE MEÂLÎ’S PROVERB’S KASIDEORİJİNAL BİR DURÛB-I EMSÂL-İ OSMÂNÎ ÖRNEĞİ MEÂLÎ’NİN ATASÖZLERİ KASİDESİ

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Metin HAKVERDİOĞLU

2009-08-01

Full Text Available Turkish Literature has made advice culture very important in essays and poems. One of the products is also Durub-ı Emsâl-i Osmânî (Ottoman’s Proverbs. The kaside of a poet; named Meâlî whose name isn’t mentiened in the sources is an interestry example for these literary products. This poem is a different kaside from the point of view of forming an example for young educaters. This poem takes place in Fâiz Efendi and Şâkir Bey meganere which we shorten it as FŞM, and it first meets the literature scholar. It is the first time it has met teh literative world. Türk Edebiyatı nasihat kültürünü nesirde ve nazımda ön plana çıkarmıştır. Bu mahsullerin biri de Durûb-ı Emsâl-i Osmânîyelerdir. Kaynaklarda adı geçmeyen Mealî adlı şâirin kasidesi, bu edebî verimlerin ilginç bir örneğidir ve genç eğitimcilere için örnek teşkil etmesi bakımından farklı bir kasidedir. Bu manzume, FŞM şeklinde kısalttığımız Fâiz Efendi ve Şâkir Bey Mecmuasında yer almakta ve edebiyat âlimi ile ilk kez tanışmaktadır.

The Laughter of Fools: The Relevance of Wisdom in Today’s World

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Katharine Dell

2016-08-01

Full Text Available This paper explores different facets of the character type of the fool in the book of Proverbs and looks at his primary characteristics in the context of some of the main themes of Proverbs. Particular concerns are with the difficulties of parenting a fool and the idea of life as a path full of choices, with problems with communication and with other characteristics of the fool such as not listening to others, a tendency to hasty anger, wiliness and getting into unsuitable social situations. This paper puts this discussion in the context of the wider wisdom quest and its theological themes. It ends with images of the fool from Ecclesiastes and some insights for modern application.

Freeing Speech: Proverbial Wisdom and Faith Formation as Liberation

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Willhauck, Susan

2013-01-01

It is crucial to recover the practice of seeking and refining ways to speak of faith. Certain sayings, idioms, maxims, and proverbs constituting wisdom from various cultures help shape a faith that is liberative, particularly evident in undervalued and dominated cultures. This article examines proverbial wisdom and the patois of the street to…

Etymological aspects of idiomatic and proverbial expressions in the ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Idiomatic and proverbial expressions are important components of the oral tradition of Sesotho sa Leboa, and therefore a knowledge of the literal meaning of words as they appear in dictionaries without inclusion of their figurative meaning seems to be a shortcoming. An idiom or a proverb possesses one basic meaning, i.e. ...

Journal of Religion and Human Relations - Vol 8, No 2 (2016)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

On the role of Igbo proverbs in conflict resolution and reconciliation · EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT · DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT. Martha Chidimma Egenti, Adaobi Ngozi Okoye, 55-68. The impact of philosophy in the interpretation of African values with particular reference to Igbo ...

Cross -Currents and Transmigration of Motifs of Yoruba Art | Kalilu ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The Yoruba of South-western Nigeria are endowed with a deeply cultural and religious environment. The people.s culture and worldview are expressed through legends, folklore, time tested proverbs , wise sayings and a keen observation of their environment This is expressed in their various art forms, and no art work is ...

Language and Theme Symbiosis: A Stylistic Analysis of use of ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

... parallelism, balanced construction, figures of speech, idioms, and proverbs to reinforce the themes. The enormous use of titles and aliases and the undue emphasis on their use before people's name not only speak volumes about vainglory but also give the work a touch of humour. The language is etched with meticulous ...

Educational Policy Borrowing in China: Looking West or Looking East? Routledge Research in International and Comparative Education

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Tan, Charlene

2016-01-01

For over a decade, Mainland China has been embarking on an ambitious nation-wide education reform ("New Curriculum Reform") for its basic education. The reform reflects China's propensity to borrow selected educational policies from elsewhere, particularly North America and Europe. Chinese scholars have used a local proverb "the…

EMSĀL Ü NESĀYİH-İ TÜRKÌ VE SÖZ VARLIĞI ÜZERİNE THE EMSĀL Ü NESĀYİH-İ TÜRKÌ AND ITS VOCABULARY

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Talip DOĞAN

2013-09-01

Full Text Available The proverbs that connected to lots of fields such as history,folklore, sociology, psychology, philosophy and morality are veryimportant language characteristics in terms of expression beauty,eloquence and conceptual richness. The proverbs which usually consistof one sentence with a brief language have the power of expressing thewide range of meanings. When said in the right time, these sayings give power to the thought and we can see that they are made use of the music of language. All kinds of events about the life with every aspects and colorfulness are present in proverbs, the products of oral literature. So we can see the religious, moral, understanding, common values, mental state, imagination and intelligence glitters of Turkish nation. Also it is seen that sayings in the proverbs have become stereotyped with the blend of national language and thought in the process of history.Emåāl ü Neṣāyiḥ-i Türkì was written by Mìrzā ‘Elineḳì Merāġì in Meraga city of Iran Azerbaijan in 1910. In the Emåāl ü Neṣāyiḥ-i Türkì, there are proverbs ordered according to letters lined up of Arab Alphabet. In this manuscript it is important that the proverbs were written by saving the dialect characteristics.In this study, vocabulary of proverbs in the Emåāl ü Neṣāyiḥ-i Türkì have been examined. Thus, some words in the work have been compared with historical and modern Turkish dialects. Tarih, folklor, sosyoloji, psikoloji, felsefe, ahlak gibi birçok alanıilgilendiren atasözleri; deyiş güzelliği, anlatım gücü ve kavram zenginliğibakımından çok önemli dil unsularındandır. Kısa ve özlü bir dil ilegenellikle tek cümleden oluşan atasözleri, çok geniş manaları ifade etmekudretine sahiptir. Yerinde söylendiği zaman düşünceye kuvvet katanbu sözlerde, dilin bütün inceliklerinden ve musikisinden istifade edildiğigörülür. Sözlü edebiyat ürünlerinin başında gelen atasözlerinde hayatadair

The Development of Stereotype-Free Teaching Materials for the K-12 Levels. A Selected and Annotated List of Bibliographies on Latin American Studies for Teachers K-12.

Science.gov (United States)

Woods, Richard D.

This document contains suggestions and materials for developing stereotype-free teaching materials. The paper is divided into five parts: (1) introduction, (2) bibliographies, (3) proverbs, (4) Spanish names, and (5) Spanish loan words. The introduction outlines 17 suggestions for developing units on cultural enrichment. Multiple resources for…

On the efficient determination of most near neighbors horseshoes, hand grenades, web search and other situations when close is close enough

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Manasse, Mark S

2012-01-01

The time-worn aphorism ""close only counts in horseshoes and hand-grenades"" is clearly inadequate. Close also counts in golf, shuffleboard, archery, darts, curling, and other games of accuracy in which hitting the precise center of the target isn't to be expected every time, or in which we can expect to be driven from the target by skilled opponents. This lecture is not devoted to sports discussions, but to efficient algorithms for determining pairs of closely related web pages -- and a few other situations in which we have found that inexact matching is good enough; where proximity suffices.

Teaching Sentential Intonation through Proverbs

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Yurtbasi, Metin

2012-01-01

Suprasegmental elements such as "stress," "pitch," "juncture" and "linkers" are language universals that are uttered naturally in the mother tongue without prior training but need to be learned systematically in the target language. Among other techniques of "sentential pronunciation teaching" to…

Goals of Education in Asian and American Cultures. Reflective Essay #2

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Cummings, Alexandra

2008-01-01

Traditional Chinese proverbs such as: "The sea of learning knows no bounds; only through diligence may its shore be reached" and "If you don't succeed, try again." (p. 296) illustrate that educational success in the Asian culture is viewed as the result of a single notion--"hard work". This paper will examine how this…

When We like What We Know--A Parametric fMRI Analysis of Beauty and Familiarity

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Bohrn, Isabel C.; Altmann, Ulrike; Lubrich, Oliver; Menninghaus, Winfried; Jacobs, Arthur M.

2013-01-01

This paper presents a neuroscientific study of aesthetic judgments on written texts. In an fMRI experiment participants read a number of proverbs without explicitly evaluating them. In a post-scan rating they rated each item for familiarity and beauty. These individual ratings were correlated with the functional data to investigate the neural…

Useful known and unknown views of the father of modern medicine, Hippocrates and his teacher Democritus.

Science.gov (United States)

Grammaticos, Philip C; Diamantis, Aristidis

2008-01-01

Hippocrates is considered to be the father of modern medicine because in his books, which are more than 70. He described in a scientific manner, many diseases and their treatment after detailed observation. He lived about 2400 years ago. He was born in the island of Kos and died at the outskirts of Larissa at the age of 104. Hippocrates taught and wrote under the shade of a big plane tree, its descendant now is believed to be 500 years old, the oldest tree in Europe--platanus orientalis Hippocraticus--with a diameter of 15 meters. Hippocrates saved Athens from a plague epidemic and for that was highly honored by the Athenians. He considered Democritus--the father of the atomic theory--to be his teacher and after visiting him as a physician to look after his health, he accepted no money for this visit. Some of his important aphorisms were: "As to diseases, make a habit of two things -to help or at least to do no harm". Also: "Those by nature over weight, die earlier than the slim.", also, "In the wounds there are miasmata causing disease if entered the body". He used as a pain relief, the abstract from a tree containing what he called "salycasia", like aspirin. He described for the first time epilepsy not as a sacred disease, as was considered at those times, but as a hereditary disease of the brain and added: "Do not cut the temporal place, because spasms shall occur on the opposite area". According to Hippocrates, people on those times had either one or two meals (lunch and dinner). He also suggested: "...little exercise...and walk...do not eat to saturation". Also he declared: "Physician must convert or insert wisdom to medicine and medicine to wisdom". If all scientists followed this aphorism we would have more happiness on earth.

Excitability of the motor system: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study on singing and speaking.

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Royal, Isabelle; Lidji, Pascale; Théoret, Hugo; Russo, Frank A; Peretz, Isabelle

2015-08-01

The perception of movements is associated with increased activity in the human motor cortex, which in turn may underlie our ability to understand actions, as it may be implicated in the recognition, understanding and imitation of actions. Here, we investigated the involvement and lateralization of the primary motor cortex (M1) in the perception of singing and speech. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was applied independently for both hemispheres over the mouth representation of the motor cortex in healthy participants while they watched 4-s audiovisual excerpts of singers producing a 2-note ascending interval (singing condition) or 4-s audiovisual excerpts of a person explaining a proverb (speech condition). Subjects were instructed to determine whether a sung interval/written proverb, matched a written interval/proverb. During both tasks, motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded from the contralateral mouth muscle (orbicularis oris) of the stimulated motor cortex compared to a control task. Moreover, to investigate the time course of motor activation, TMS pulses were randomly delivered at 7 different time points (ranging from 500 to 3500 ms after stimulus onset). Results show that stimulation of the right hemisphere had a similar effect on the MEPs for both the singing and speech perception tasks, whereas stimulation of the left hemisphere significantly differed in the speech perception task compared to the singing perception task. Furthermore, analysis of the MEPs in the singing task revealed that they decreased for small musical intervals, but increased for large musical intervals, regardless of which hemisphere was stimulated. Overall, these results suggest a dissociation between the lateralization of M1 activity for speech perception and for singing perception, and that in the latter case its activity can be modulated by musical parameters such as the size of a musical interval. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Differences between Visual Style and Verbal Style Learners in Learning English

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Chen, Chiu-Jung

2014-01-01

English proverb is an interested part when learner applied it in real life situation. The participants of this study were chosen from a big university in the middle area of Taiwan. The researchers selected some learners from Department of Foreign Language (DFL) and Department of Non-Foreign Language (DNFL). 40 students were from DFL, and 40…

The Trans-Alaska-pipeline and the insufficient heat insulation of US-buildings. Die Trans-Alaska-Pipeline und der mangelnde Waermeschutz US-amerikanischer Wohnungsbauten

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dialer, C. (Univ. of California at Berkeley, Dept. of Civil Engineering, CA (United States))

1992-09-01

It is almost a proverb that the amount of energy that diffuses through America's windows and walls every year is equivalent to all the oil that flows through the Alaska pipeline. Using an example and some simplified approaches, this statement is verified and discussed in more details. (orig.)

Archeology in Medicine: Digging up into the tophi of Popes, Dukes and Kings

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G. Ceccarelli

2011-09-01

Full Text Available According to an Anglo-Saxon pun, “gout is the king of diseases and the disease of Kings”. In fact, it is well-known that in past times a quantity of famous persons, including Kings and Popes, were affected with this rheumatic disorder. In this paper biographical anecdotes on several Popes (Pius III, Julius II, Julius III, Clement VIII, Innocent XI, Clement XII and Pius VIII, King George IV and Queen Anne of England, as well as on some members of the Lorraine lineage, all suffering from gout, are sketched out. These historical data are briefly discussed in relation to the celebrated Hippocrates’s aphorisms on gout.

Trafficking In Women And Children In Yorubaland: A Pre And Post ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

To them, there is a proverb that says that ati kekere laa ti pe kan iroko, to ba dagba tan apa ko nii kaa mo (children are better caught young, or else it would be difficult to mould them when they grow up). This informs the training of children at tender age in the business of trading and engagement in other forms of work.

Emsâl ü Nesâyih-i Türkî ve Dil Özellikleri Üzerine The Emsâl ü Nesâyih-i Türkî and Its Language Properties

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Talip DOĞAN

2013-09-01

Full Text Available The proverbs that reflect the characters of nations, their manner and mentality against life are connected to lots of fields such as language, literature, history, folklore, sociology, psychology and philosophy. Also these sayings are very important language characteristics in terms of strong expression and conceptual richness.When said in the right time, these sayings give power to the thoughtand we can see that they are made use of all the opportunity oflanguage. The proverbs which are one of the products of oral culturesetting have the power of expressing every kind of events about life withevery aspect and colorfulness. So we can see the religious, moral,understanding, common values, mental state, imagination andintelligence glitters of Turkish nation. Turkish proverbs show thecharacter of Turk beyond the differences like geography and dialect andalso they have the characteristics of a historical document. Proverb inTurkish language was called as the words like sav, mesel anddarbımesel. Today, Azerbaijan Turks use the terms like atalar sözü, atababa sözleri, emsâl, emsâl-i Türkân instead of proverb.Emåāl ü Neṣāyiḥ-i Türkì was written by Mìrzā ‘Elineḳì Merāġì inMeraga city of Iran Azerbaijan in the early years of 20th century. Thehandwritten literal work has Talîk-Divanî font style. Emåāl ü Neṣāyiḥ-iTürkì is thirty three pages and includes proverbs. Proverbs were savedaccording to letters lined up of Arab Alphabet and their dialectcharacteristics were saved.In this study, spelling, voice and form properties of proverbs inThe Emåāl ü Neṣāyiḥ-i Türkì have been examined. In addition to this,language properties have been compared with historical dialects anddialects of Oguz group. Milletlerin karakterlerini, hayat karşısındaki tutum ve zihniyetlerini yansıtan atasözleri; dil, edebiyat, tarih, folklor, sosyoloji, psikoloji, felsefe gibi çeşitli alanlarla yakından ilgilidir. Bu sözler ayr

From Shakespeare to Star Trek and beyond: a Medline search for literary and other allusions in biomedical titles.

Science.gov (United States)

Goodman, Neville W

2005-12-24

To document biomedical paper titles containing literary and other allusions. Retrospective survey. Medline (1951 to mid-2005) through Dialog Datastar. Allusions to Shakespeare, Hans Christian Andersen, proverbs, the Bible, Lewis Carroll, and movie titles, corrected and scaled for five year periods 1950-4 to 2000-4. More than 1400 Shakespearean allusions exist, a third of them to "What's in a name" and another third to Hamlet-mostly to "To be or not to be." The trend of increasing use of allusive titles, identified from Shakespeare and Andersen, is paralleled by allusions to Carroll and proverbs; the trend of biblical allusions is also upward but is more erratic. Trends for newer allusions are also upwards, including the previously surveyed "paradigm shift." Allusive titles are likely to be to editorial or comment rather than to original research. The similar trends are presumably a mark of a particular learnt author behaviour. Newer allusions may be becoming more popular than older ones. Allusive titles can be unhelpful to reviewers and researchers, and many are now clichés. Whether they attract readers or citations is unknown, but better ways of gaining attention exist.

Life in the Village: Teacher Community and Autonomy in an Early Childhood Education Center

Science.gov (United States)

Blank, Jolyn

2009-01-01

This article presents findings from a qualitative case study of a public early childhood education center whose motto, the familiar African proverb "It takes a village to raise a child," reflects the emphasis given to teacher community in the official school discourse. The meanings teachers gave to professional community were investigated.…

AFRREV LALIGENS

African Journals Online (AJOL)

User

That creativity is evident through the numerous ways in which proverbs are used .... American statesman, painter, scientist and writer, Benjamin Franklin (1706-. 1790) ... country fold can the remarkable wealth of English proverbial lore still be.

Transforming Energy Systems and Indian Initiatives in Intelligent Grid

Science.gov (United States)

Razdan, Anil

2014-07-01

Ancient words of wisdom have remarkable clarity, brevity, universality and timelessness in their applicability. They cut across civilizations, systems, and situations, almost effortlessly. The positive take is that mistakes can be committed, but can be rectified. What may be appropriate in one situation, has to change in another context. Two proverbs from diverse civilizations are very relevant in the current context...

ISLAM IN THE NON-MUSLIM AREAS OF NORTHERN NIGERIA, c

African Journals Online (AJOL)

QUADRI Y A

consciousness within every human being and it is this element of divine consciousness which ... work toward the proper functioning of the body as a whole. 2 ... interactions including trade and commerce, pithy sayings, proverbs, religious and.

Browse Title Index

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Items 1 - 50 of 164 ... Vol 4, No 1 (2013), Context of Usage and Aesthetics of Selected Proverbs from ... in Africa, Correlation of Relationship between Course of Study and Academic ... DIFFUSING MOBILE PHONES FOR HEALTH INFORMATION ...

SIT for codling moth eradication in British Columbia, Canada

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bloem, Kenneth A.; Bloem, Stephanie

2000-01-01

The codling moth (CM), Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is considered the key pest of apples and pears in the fruit growing regions of south central British Columbia. This region includes about 18,000 acres of commercial production, as well as several urban centres with abundant backyard fruit trees and ornamental crab apples. Now, after 30 years of research and planning, an eradication programme using the sterile insect technique (SIT) has been implemented against CM. This article reviews the progress that the programme has made and how well reality has met expectations in key areas. Proverbs (1982) and Proverbs et al. (1982) reviewed the techniques for mass rearing, sterilising and releasing CM, DeBiasio (1988) developed the initial implementation plan and Dyck et al. (1993) reviewed the history and development of the programme up to 1992 when it became operational

Musical Expertise Increases Top–Down Modulation Over Hippocampal Activation during Familiarity Decisions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pierre Gagnepain

2017-09-01

Full Text Available The hippocampus has classically been associated with episodic memory, but is sometimes also recruited during semantic memory tasks, especially for the skilled exploration of familiar information. Cognitive control mechanisms guiding semantic memory search may benefit from the set of cognitive processes at stake during musical training. Here, we examined using functional magnetic resonance imaging, whether musical expertise would promote the top–down control of the left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG over the generation of hippocampally based goal-directed thoughts mediating the familiarity judgment of proverbs and musical items. Analyses of behavioral data confirmed that musical experts more efficiently access familiar melodies than non-musicians although such increased ability did not transfer to verbal semantic memory. At the brain level, musical expertise specifically enhanced the recruitment of the hippocampus during semantic access to melodies, but not proverbs. Additionally, hippocampal activation contributed to speed of access to familiar melodies, but only in musicians. Critically, causal modeling of neural dynamics between LIFG and the hippocampus further showed that top–down excitatory regulation over the hippocampus during familiarity decision specifically increases with musical expertise – an effect that generalized across melodies and proverbs. At the local level, our data show that musical expertise modulates the online recruitment of hippocampal response to serve semantic memory retrieval of familiar melodies. The reconfiguration of memory network dynamics following musical training could constitute a promising framework to understand its ability to preserve brain functions.

Symanzik–Becchi–Rouet–Stora lessons on renormalizable models with broken symmetry: The case of Lorentz violation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Del Cima, Oswaldo M.; Franco, Daniel H.T.; Piguet, Olivier, E-mail: opiguet@pq.cnpq.br

2016-11-15

In this paper, we revisit the issue intensively studied in recent years on the generation of terms by radiative corrections in models with broken Lorentz symmetry. The algebraic perturbative method of handling the problem of renormalization of the theories with Lorentz symmetry breaking, is used. We hope to make clear the Symanzik's aphorism: “Whether you like it or not, you have to include in the lagrangian all counter terms consistent with locality and power-counting, unless otherwise constrained by Ward identities.”{sup 1}.

Una cançó de refrany i cobles glossadores del segle XVI basada en la frase "Mal aja qui en dones fia"

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Josep Romeu i Figueras

2015-11-01

Full Text Available In this paper the author studies the origin, spread and connotations of a misogyny proverb picked up from a xvi century refrain that circulated in Valencia and Catalonia as a symbiosis of popular tradition and Renaissance flavour.

The equine practitioner-farrier relationship: building a partnership.

Science.gov (United States)

Moyer, William; O'Grady, Stephen E; Werner, Harry W

2012-04-01

The importance of hoof care in maintaining the health and soundness of a horse cannot be overstated. The aphorism, “No foot, no horse” still holds true. For equine ambulatory practitioners, the time devoted to a thorough understanding of the equine digit and it’s care is well worth the investment. The effort devoted to developing good relationships with individuals who will likely be responsible for implementing the changes suggested as a result of that understanding will be rewarded many times over in the course of the equine ambulatory practitioner’s career.

"Language Is the Skin of My Thought": Integrating Wikipedia and AI to Support a Guillotine Player

Science.gov (United States)

Lops, Pasquale; Basile, Pierpaolo; de Gemmis, Marco; Semeraro, Giovanni

This paper describes OTTHO (On the Tip of my THOught), a system designed for solving a language game, called Guillotine, which demands knowledge covering a broad range of topics, such as movies, politics, literature, history, proverbs, and popular culture. The rule of the game is simple: the player observes five words, generally unrelated to each other, and in one minute she has to provide a sixth word, semantically connected to the others. The system exploits several knowledge sources, such as a dictionary, a set of proverbs, and Wikipedia to realize a knowledge infusion process. The paper describes the process of modeling these sources and the reasoning mechanism to find the solution of the game. The main motivation for designing an artificial player for Guillotine is the challenge of providing the machine with the cultural and linguistic background knowledge which makes it similar to a human being, with the ability of interpreting natural language documents and reasoning on their content. Experiments carried out showed promising results. Our feeling is that the presented approach has a great potential for other more practical applications besides solving a language game.

POMEGRANATE IN WRITTEN AND SPOKEN LITERATURE / AZERBAYCAN SÖZLÜ VE YAZILI EDEBIYATINDA NAR

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Dr. Mehmet İSMAİL

2008-10-01

Full Text Available According to the scientists punica’s native land isAzerbaijan. This fruit grows up in many countries allover the world and there are lots of kinds of it inAzerbaijan. This is a survey of pomegranate as it featuresin the folklore (tale, legend, myth, proverb, riddle, curse,praise, expression, folk song of Azerbaijan. And alsosome examples of folk-literature is added in which punicaexists.

Like an eagle carries its young

African Journals Online (AJOL)

2016-07-15

Jul 15, 2016 ... shielded him and cared for him; he guarded him as the apple of ..... The Prenfice Hall Encyclopedia of World proverbs, Prentice Hall, Inc, ... Pinney, R., 1964, The animals in the Bible: The idenfity and natural history of all the.

[Role of context recall in destination memory decline in normal aging].

Science.gov (United States)

El Haj, Mohamad; Allain, Philippe

2014-12-01

Until recently, little was known about destination memory, or memory for the destination of outputted information. In the present work, this memory was evaluated in 32 older adults and 36 younger adults, who had to associate proverbs to pictures of famous people and decide, on a subsequent recognition task, whether they had previously told that proverb to that face or not. When deciding about the destination, participants had to provide contextual judgment, that is, whether each picture had been previously exposed in color or in black and white. Participants also performed a neuropsychological battery tapping episodic memory and executive functions. Findings showed poor destination recall in older participants. Destination recall in older adults was reliably predicted by with their context recall. Destination memory seems to be particularly affected by aging, a deterioration that can be related to deficits in processing contextual features during encoding.

Download this PDF file

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Ezenwafor

their feeling of deficient in the ability of achieving self-worth. Whittaker and Msiska aptly ... activities of the Igbo, particularly, as they affect women. Through proverbs the ..... here is the punishment for the men; when a man sees a woman whom ...

AWKA JOURNAL 2012 PRINT

African Journals Online (AJOL)

IKENNA

The Oxford English .... the national treasury for their medical treatment abroad. .... The book of Proverbs 22:6 states, “teach your children to choose the right .... established by God to bring many benefits to human societies, the government of.

Some Ondo Philosophical Proverbs for Practical

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Nekky Umera

Here we shall define philosophy in general terms and ..... he is so worried, he replies that the oil they are pouring is going into the eye of a sick ... buttresses his concern: 'When the eye is in trouble, the nose too is in trouble'. The problem of the ...

The art and science of prognostication in early university medicine.

Science.gov (United States)

Demaitre, Luke

2003-01-01

Prognosis occupied a more prominent place in the medieval curriculum than it does at the modern university. Scholastic discussions were rooted in the Hippocratic Aphorisms and shaped by Galen's treatises On Crisis and On Critical Days. Medical prediction, as an art dependent on personal skills such as memory and conjecture, was taught with the aid of the liberal arts of rhetoric and logic. Scientific predictability was sought in branches of mathematics, moving from periodicity and numerology to astronomy. The search for certitude contributed to the cultivation of astrology; even at its peak, however, astrological medicine did not dominate the teaching on prognostication. The ultimate concern, which awaits further discussion, was not even with forecasting as such, but with the physician and, indeed, the patient.

JPC 1 Kwarteng

African Journals Online (AJOL)

user

material, the article examines the history of the elephant in Ghana, highlighting the various .... authority over her hinterland was undermined by the British invasion of Kumasi. 28 ... This is illustrated by Akan proverbs such as. 'ɔsono akyiri nni ...

Stereotype Directionality and Attractiveness Stereotyping: Is Beauty Good or is Ugly Bad?

Science.gov (United States)

Griffin, Angela M.; Langlois, Judith H.

2005-01-01

Dion, Berscheid, and Walster (1972), in their seminal article, labeled the attribution of positive characteristics to attractive people the “beauty-is-good” stereotype. The stereotyping literature since then provides extensive evidence for the differential judgment and treatment of attractive versus unattractive people, but does not indicate whether it is an advantage to be attractive or a disadvantage to be unattractive. Two studies investigated the direction of attractiveness stereotyping by comparing judgments of positive and negative attributes for medium vs. low and medium vs. high attractive faces. Taken together, results for adults (Experiment 1) and children (Experiment 2) suggest that most often, unattractiveness is a disadvantage, consistent with negativity bias (e.g., Rozin & Royzman, 2001) but contrary to the “beauty-is-good” aphorism. PMID:17016544

Sol T. Plaatje's paremiological quest: A common humanity in cultural ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Deep pride in his Setswana identity seems to have propelled a need to highlight the ethnographic bonds Northern and Southern nations share. For Plaatje, seeing overlaps and equivalences in the proverbs of European and the Batswana peoples, firstly validates orality as the bedrock of modern literary expression.

In support of female leadership in the church: Grappling with the perspective of Setswana men � Shepherding as solution offered

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Gopolang H. Sekano

2012-02-01

Full Text Available This article addresses the overwhelmingly negative experience and feeling of some men who serve under female leaders in the church. They claim to feel degraded and traumatised by the experience of being led by women. They also claim that their patriarchal culture and religion is defied by such actions and laws of equality that encourage female leadership. They substantiate their views by quoting 1 Corinthians 14:34−35 and 1 Timothy 2:12−14 in addition to a Setswana proverb, �Tsa etelelwa pele ke e namagadi di wela ka lengope� [those who are led by a female leader fall into dongas]. In the light of this situation an intensive study regarding the need for an egalitarian concept and constructive interpretation of Bible passages, Setswana proverbs and idioms regarding the inevitability of female leadership is paramount to people who have an androcentric concept of religion and culture.

Ola Rotimi, Hopes Of The Living Dead A Drama Of Struggle Ibadan ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

characteristic features: the concern with leadership, the delight in proverbs and bold effects of language, ... enlightened and selfless leader: perceptive, alert, resourceful, incorruptible, determined, aware that the ability ... himself: you volunteer your person, I insist on your soul, till the production is over'. Clearly he demands ...

Postnatal infant crying and maternal tiredness : examining their evolution and interaction in the first 12 weeks postpartum

OpenAIRE

Kurth, Elisabeth

2010-01-01

A new mother lazing in childbed is a blessing for her family” is an old Swiss proverb. Maternal rest and recuperation after birth was a common concern in the past and was frequently supported by the extended family. However, mothers today barely enjoy restful days after birth; instead they enter directly into the challenge of combining baby- and selfcare. They often struggle to soothe a crying baby, while coping with their own exhaustion, which can adversely affect family healt...

CONCEPTE ŞI INTERPRETĂRI PRIVIND IZVOARELE ŞI ÎNCEPUTURILE GÂNDIRII FILOSOFICE ROMÂNEŞTI

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Dumitru CĂLDARE

2015-12-01

Full Text Available În articol sunt examinate unele concepte şi interpretări în ceea ce priveşte sursele şi începuturile reale ale gândirii filosofice româneşti: particularităţile ideologiei filosofice româneşti, unele aspecte ale gândirii filosofice „daco-getice”, elemente de mentalitate mitologică, idei filosofice în gândirea populară (noţiuni de folclor, etnografie, etno-psihologie, legende, proverbe, cultura tradiţională, în general. THE CONCEPTS AND INTERPRETATIONS ON THE SOURCES AND ORIGINS OF THE ROMANIAN PHYLOSOPHICAL THINKINGIn the article there are examined some concepts and interpretations concerning the sources and the real beginnings of the Romanian philosophical thinking: the peculiarities of the Romanian philosophical ideology, some aspects of the “daco-getian” philosophical thinking, elements of mythological mentality, philosophic ideas in popular thinking (notions from folklore, ethnography, ethno-psychology, legends, proverbs, traditional culture in general.

Destination memory in traumatic brain injuries.

Science.gov (United States)

Wili Wilu, Amina; Coello, Yann; El Haj, Mohamad

2018-06-01

Destination memory, which is socially driven, refers to the ability to remember to whom one has sent information. Our study investigated destination memory in patients with traumatic brain injuries (TBIs). Patients and control participants were invited to tell proverbs (e.g., "the pen is mightier than the sword") to pictures of celebrities (e.g., Barack Obama). Then they were asked to indicate to which celebrity they had previously told the proverbs. Besides the assessment of destination memory, participants performed a binding task in which they were required to associate letters with their corresponding location. Analysis demonstrated less destination memory and binding in patients with TBIs than in controls. In both populations, significant correlations were observed between destination memory and performances on the binding task. These findings demonstrate difficulty in the ability to attribute information to its appropriate destination in TBI patients, perhaps owing to difficulties in binding separate information together to form a coherent representation of an event in memory.

JRHR Vol 8 No 1

African Journals Online (AJOL)

USER

full of wisdom, it portrays the thought and belief system of the Igbo especially their mode of life, ... English equivalent “There is no smoke without fire”. In line with ... ya”, A child that is tired of work, proofs tough in fighting. Some Igbo proverbs ...

‘I am like a green olive tree’: The Wisdom context of Psalm 52

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Philippus J. Botha

2013-07-01

Full Text Available The article revisits the thesis of Walter Beyerlin from 1980 that Psalm 52 is a paraenetic- didactic Wisdom poem from the late Persian period. Beyerlin reached his conclusion from a comparison of Psalm 52 with post-exilic Wisdom psalms such as Psalms 37, 49, and 73. The direct literary influence that Psalm 52 received from the book of Proverbs and the motifs it shares with Jeremiah 9 are investigated here, since the author contends that the Wisdom influence on the Psalm was even greater than Beyerlin had envisaged. The article comes to the conclusion that the author(s of the Psalm attempted to compose a psalm by establishing a network of allusions to a corpus of authoritative texts, inter alia, the Wisdom psalms. The end product is a brilliant composition which interprets the teaching of Proverbs for the needs of a group of Jewish believers who probably lived at the end of the Persian period.

‘I am like a green olive tree’: The Wisdom context of Psalm 52

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Philippus J. Botha

2013-01-01

Full Text Available The article revisits the thesis of Walter Beyerlin from 1980 that Psalm 52 is a paraenetic- didactic Wisdom poem from the late Persian period. Beyerlin reached his conclusion from a comparison of Psalm 52 with post-exilic Wisdom psalms such as Psalms 37, 49, and 73. The direct literary influence that Psalm 52 received from the book of Proverbs and the motifs it shares with Jeremiah 9 are investigated here, since the author contends that the Wisdom influence on the Psalm was even greater than Beyerlin had envisaged. The article comes to the conclusion that the author(s of the Psalm attempted to compose a psalm by establishing a network of allusions to a corpus of authoritative texts, inter alia, the Wisdom psalms. The end product is a brilliant composition which interprets the teaching of Proverbs for the needs of a group of Jewish believers who probably lived at the end of the Persian period.

Destination memory in schizophrenia: "Did I told Elvis Presley about the thief?"

Science.gov (United States)

El Haj, Mohamad; Altman, Rosalie; Bortolon, Catherine; Capdevielle, Delphine; Raffard, Stéphane

2017-02-01

Destination memory refers to the ability to remember to whom a piece of information was previously transmitted. Our paper assessed this ability in schizophrenia. Twenty-five patients with schizophrenia and 25 control participants told proverbs (e.g., "send a thief to catch a thief") to pictures of celebrities (e.g., Elvis Presley). Afterward, participants had to indicate to which celebrity they had previously said the proverbs. Participants also completed a binding task in which they were required to associate letters with their corresponding context (i.e., location). Analysis revealed worse destination memory and binding in patients with schizophrenia than in controls. In both populations, destination memory was significantly correlated with performances on the binding task. Our findings suggest difficulty in the ability to attribute information to its appropriate destination in schizophrenia. This difficulty may be related to compromise in binding separate cues together to form a coherent representation of an event in memory. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Speaking of Satan in Zambia : The persuasiveness of contemporary narratives about Satanism

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Kamps, J.

2018-01-01

According to an old English proverb, ‘Speak of the devil, and he appears.’ In contemporary Zambia, many people are speaking about Satan and Satanists. Satanism refers in Zambia to a supposed organization, headed by Satan, dedicated to bring evil and harm, especially to Christians. Ex-Satanists claim

Cyclic Triaxial Tests on Eastern Scheldt Sand with Three Different Densities

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jakobsen, Kim Parsberg

This report contains the results of numerous cyclic triaxial tests performed within the framework of the project "Probabilistic Design Tools for Vertical Breakwaters (PROVERBS), MAST III". The performed tests constitute a part of an established data base to be used to estimate the undrained cyclic...

Die vrou wysheid, God, en ekobillikheid: Liggaamsideologie in ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

... within a God construct could contribute to a value system that incorporates compassion, interrelatedness and mutual care. In Proverbs 8:1–9:18, however, the woman Wisdom does not represent an ecofriendly construct, but simply enhances and supports the patriarchal, masculine values incorporated in the God Yahweh.

Why team reflexivity works

NARCIS (Netherlands)

M.C. Schippers (Michaéla)

2012-01-01

textabstractAssessing a situation before acting may seem like common sense. After all, many languages have an equivalent of the English proverb: ‘look before you leap’. However, people rarely apply this in their daily working lives; we seldom make time to stop and reflect on our processes, and

A 532 nm Chaotic Fiber Laser Transmitter for Underwater Lidar

Science.gov (United States)

2013-04-23

guidance the people fall, But in abundance of counselors there is victory.” — Proverbs 11:14 My first and most important thanks go to Jesus, for his...Vincent Jezequel, Frederic Audo, Fabrice Pellen, and Bernard Le Jeune. Experimentally based simulations on modulated lidar for shallow underwater target

Gender-marked age stereotypes in english proverbs and sayings

OpenAIRE

Галапчук-Тарнавська, Олена Михайлівна; Halapchuk-Tarnavska, Olena M.

2014-01-01

Gender stereotypes are characteristic features of male/female gender group behavior that are expected by a society.Gender stereotypes in the Ukrainian language are viewed as ethnic stereotypes and perform the function of accumulating and systemizing the social, cultural and historical experiences of the Ukrainian people.Gender-marked age stereotypes are widely accepted believes held about certain age that are perceived as being appropriate for women and men.Family roles are also subject to ch...

Yaşar Şâdi Efendi’nin “Hutût-ı Meşâhir” İsimli Hatıra Defteri ve Muhtevası

OpenAIRE

BERK, Süleyman

2015-01-01

The periodicals of “Hutût-ı Meşâhir” can be considered as a type of journal. (Hutût-i meşâhir: The writings of celebrities) Many different people may be offered to write on these journals with their handwriting and they are expected to express themselves via anything like poems, aphorism or any other artistic skills spontaneously. The most comprehensive journal among the reprints of “Hutût-ı Meşâhir” that are discovered up to now, is the one that belongs to Yaşar Sadi. In the period coveri...

Event-governed and verbally-governed behavior

OpenAIRE

Vargas, Ernest A.

1988-01-01

A number of statements prescribe behavior: apothegms, maxims, proverbs, instructions, and so on. These differing guides to conduct present varieties of the dictionary definition of “rules.” The term “rules” thus defines a category of language usage. Such a term, and its derivative, “rule-governed,” does not address a controlling relation in the analysis of verbal behavior. The prevailing confounding of a category of language with a category of verbal behavior appears related to a lack of unde...

Grammaire le nouvel entraînez-vous avec 450 nouveaux exercices : niveau débutant

CERN Document Server

Sirejols, Evelyne

1996-01-01

Des activités d'apprentissage et de réemploi pour s'exercer, tester ses connaissances et ainsi progresser en français. • Chaque point de grammaire est introduit par un proverbe ou une citation. • Chaque exercice est accompagné d'un exemple.

Grammaire le nouvel entraînez-vous avec 450 nouveaux exercices : niveau intermédiaire

CERN Document Server

Sirejols, Evelyne

1996-01-01

Des activités d'apprentissage et de réemploi pour s'exercer, tester ses connaissances et ainsi progresser en français. • Chaque point de grammaire est introduit par un proverbe ou une citation. • Chaque exercice est accompagné d'un exemple.

Stylistic Devices in Ben Okri's The Famished Road | Ikechi ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

This paper discusses stylistic devices in Ben Okri's The Famished Road. In the presentation of his story, the novelist makes use of literary devices which enrich readers' understanding and enjoyment of his subject matter. Satire, register, cliché, pidgin and proverbs are some of the devices. Others include: figurative language ...

Figures of Association and Sound in some Nigerian Proverbs ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Nekky Umera

commending or reproving the person or thing to which it is applied, and often containing some ... association or the comparison of two things. 2. Figures of ..... to absorb the club while the peacemaker says he is as hard (difficult) as a piece of ...

Słownictwo kulinarne w chorwackich przysłowiach, porzekadłach, frazeologizmach, przyśpiewkach, formach żargonalnych i ludowych

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adrianna Słabińska

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Culinary lexis in Croatian proverbs, sayings, idioms, songs, and jargon and dialectal forms Dishes and food products – the way they are made, their complexity, taste and appearance – are all part of culture and tradition that are created by people feasting at the table. While discussing various everyday issues, they also talk about food – they praise it, complain about it and criticize it. Eating meals with friends and family both in everyday situations and on special occasions creates a special mood. It creates an occasion for confessions, advice, jokes, memories and reflections about life. Various sayings and proverbs, which enrich the culture of a given country or region are brought to life on these occasions. Croatia is not an exception in this regard. Many proverbs and sayings connected with local culinary traditions exist in Croatian. Some of them are known widely throughout the country, others only in certain territories. Numerous proverbs are known throughout Croatia, albeit with a slightly changed imagery. The proverbs presented in my article are found in a dictionary by Josip Kekez, a renowned Croatian paremiologist. It is worth noting that they comprise selected material, which does not cover information present in internet dictionaries. Further in the paper I describe regional proverbs and songs, which are an important element presenting the diversity of Croatian dialects. Each Croatian phrase is accompanied by my Polish translation, which clarifies its meaning. Additionally, I quote other language variants like jargonisms and foreign lexis in culinary vocabulary with a view to present the extraordinary abundance and diversity of Croatian culinary lexis.   Słownictwo kulinarne w chorwackich przysłowiach, porzekadłach, frazeologizmach, przyśpiewkach, formach żargonalnych i ludowych Potrawy i artykuły spożywcze, sposób ich sporządzania, złożoność, smak i wygląd są częścią kultury i tradycji, którą tworz

The significance of Basotho philosophy of development as ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

This article examines Basotho indigenous knowledge systems particularly in the way that they are embedded in proverbs, as containing a philosophy of their development. It seeks to analyse the pre-colonial Basotho's perspective with regard to the question of development as expressed in their arts and beliefs. There has ...

Literatura Oral Hispanica (Hispanic Oral Literature).

Science.gov (United States)

McAlpine, Dave

As part of a class in Hispanic Oral Literature, students collected pieces of folklore from various Hispanic residents in the region known as "Siouxland" in Iowa. Consisting of some of the folklore recorded from the residents, this paper includes 18 "cuentos y leyendas" (tales and legends), 48 "refranes" (proverbs), 17…

ETHNOPEDAGOGICAL VALUE OF THE COMICAL OF THE MORDOVIAN PEOPLE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anastasiya A. Osmushina

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Introduction: the article explores the folklore’s educational potential and the comical of the Mordovian people in the context of reflection of socio-philosophical categories in it. It also reveals the basis and content of the comical and specifics of the laughing matter for Moksha and Erzya people and their effect on the formation of personality. This kind of research is noval and paper has an interdisciplina ry character. Materials and Methods: the analysed materials included Mordovian myths, aphorisms, proverbs, sayings, fairytales, and ritual songs. We used quantitative-qualitative analysis, generalisations and s ynthesis. Results: a detailed comparison of Moksha and Erzya folklore revealed a significant degree of similarities. Both sub-ethnic groups share the same comical view of social vices (injustice, drunkenness, gambling, etc. and individual vices (the manifestation of a lack of vital energy and information: laziness, slovenliness, poverty, and other forms of the wrong use of vital energy: hypocrisy, lying, stupidity, cursing, etc.. In terms of differences, Moksha people are more inclined to support common effectiveness and common justice whereas Erzya people are inclined to maintain individual justice and individual effectiveness. Consequently, the education of Moksha and Erzya in general is similar. The upbringing is directed to creating a model of behaviour that reflects sufficient and excessive vital energy, justice, hard work, tidiness, common sense, and cunning. Ridiculing of the vices, however, is sanctioned. We brought to light the object of the Moksha comical (insufficient vital energy, deviation from justice and genuineness and its subject (deviation from human destiny, from natural creativity. We found that the tropes contain an illocutionary power. The perlocutionary effect is disapproval of the vices and admiration of the virtues which form the desiderative norms – the norms reaching the aim of education and upbringing

the conservation of nature: more than just human survival to the zulu ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

beautifully formulated by their ancestors through their profound observation and experience of natural resources. I have listed here some of these proverbs with their meanings. • ugwayi nehlaba = They are great friends. (Lit. it is tobacco and the aloe}. Said because snuff is rede of ground tobacco leaves and cold ash of dry.

Browse Title Index

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Items 101 - 106 of 106 ... Vol 23 (2012), Vowel raising in Akan reduplication, Abstract PDF. K Adomako. Vol 23 (2012), War and Absurdity: Reading the Manifestations of Trauma in Uwem Akpan's “Luxurious Hearses”, Abstract PDF. HO Okolocha. Vol 23 (2012), Yorùbá Proverbs and Musicality, Abstract PDF. MO Olatunji.

When Lions Write History: Black History Textbooks, African-American Educators, & the Alternative Black Curriculum in Social Studies Education, 1890-1940

Science.gov (United States)

King, LaGarrett J.

2014-01-01

The African proverb, "Until the lions have their historians, tales of the hunt shall always glorify the hunter," is used to metaphorically describe how dominant groups inscribe power through historical narrative. In this article the author discusses how African-American educators between the years of 1890-1940 conceptualized citizenship…

Breaking the rules to rise to power: How norm violators gain power in the eyes of others

NARCIS (Netherlands)

van Kleef, G.A.; Homan, A.C.; Finkenauer, C.; Gündemir, S.; Stamkou, E.

2011-01-01

Powerful people often act at will, even if the resulting behavior is inappropriate-hence the famous proverb "power corrupts." Here, we introduce the reverse phenomenon-violating norms signals power. Violating a norm implies that one has the power to act according to one's own volition in spite of

Breaking the rules to rise to power: how norm violators gain power in the eyes of others

NARCIS (Netherlands)

van Kleef, G.A.; Homan, A.C.; Finkenauer, C.; Gündemir, S.; Stamkou, E.

2011-01-01

Powerful people often act at will, even if the resulting behavior is inappropriate—hence the famous proverb "power corrupts." Here, we introduce the reverse phenomenon—violating norms signals power. Violating a norm implies that one has the power to act according to one’s own volition in spite of

On the different meanings of the term law (zakon in Saint Sabba's Life of Saint Simon

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Šarkić Srđan N.

2015-01-01

Full Text Available In mediaeval Serbian law the central legal term zakon (law indicated a generally obligatory rule (regula iuris which was usually not a result of the activity of a monarch as ultimate holder of state power. Even where a law was made by state authority such a legal rule had primarily the appearence of a customary legal provision, regulating the conditions within one particular manor (vlastelinstvo rather than within the whole national territory. Otherwise such laws prescibed the legal position of different categories of inhabitants and identified particular rules of status. Sometimes a law would be introduced to regulate one paricular problem. The concept of law in this period also includes a legal rule derived from custom or from a private contract. Each of these uses can be illustrated from many hundreds of cases from several sources. The use of the term zakon (law was present in the literary sources as well, such is The Life of Saint Simon (biography of Stefan Nemanja, founder of Serbian mediaeval dynasty Nemanjić, written by his youngest son Rastko, bether known under his monastic name Sabba (Sava. In Sabba's hagiography of his father we found the term zakon six times. Discribing the State Council (Državni sabor that had to decide who will be Nemanja's successor on the throne, Sabba writes that his father pronounced, among other, the following words: 'My sons, do not forget the orthodox law that I established.' The term orthodox law means here orthodox faith, that was established in Serbia after persecutions of Bogomilian heresy. For the second time, term zakon was used in the meaning of monarch's order. Nemanja says to his sons not to forget his laws. Further, giving the instructions to his sons, Nemanja use the citation from the Bible (The Book of Proverbs or Proverbs of Solomon 3, 1-18, where the term zakon corresponds to the latin ius, not lex. Hereinafter the word zakon means Torah or Pentateuch, the first five books of Bible (citation

Legon Journal of the Humanities - Vol 23 (2012)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Yorùbá Proverbs and Musicality · EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT. MO Olatunji, 125-140. The Concept of African Pianism · EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT · DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT. E Boamah, 141-154 ...

Traditsioonilise kujundkõne nüüdisaegsest uurimisest / Anneli Baran

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Baran, Anneli, 1970-

2015-01-01

Tutvustus: Phraseologie und Parömiologie (sari ilmub aastast 1999; http://www.phraseologie.net ) ; Claudia Aurich. Proverb Structure in the History of English: Stability and Change. Schneider Verlag Hohengehren, 2012 ; Urška Valenčič Arh. "Ein Prinz auf der Erbse". Phraseologie und Übersetzung. Schneider Verlag GmbH, 2014

Take action: influence diversity.

Science.gov (United States)

Gomez, Norma J

2013-01-01

Increased diversity brings strength to nursing and ANNA. Being a more diverse association will require all of us working together. There is an old proverb that says: "one hand cannot cover the sky; it takes many hands." ANNA needs every one of its members to be a part of the diversity initiative.

Yoruba proverbs and the anti-corruption crusade in Nigeria ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Corruption is entrenched in the public space in Nigeria. Various attempts by policymakers to stamp out this social cankerworm seem not to be yielding positive results, as more incidences of corruption continue to ravage the polity. This paper therefore contributes to the campaign for anti-corruption in Nigeria by drawing on ...

Yoruba proverbs and the anti-corruption crusade in Nigeria

African Journals Online (AJOL)

ADEMILOKUN

that the appointees grossly abused their offices by involving themselves in all manner of corrupt practices. ..... This explains why Yoruba people train their children right from infancy to show contentment by initially ... have neglected this reality.

"Kia whakatomuri te haere whakamua": "I Walk Backwards into the Future with My Eyes Fixed on My Past"

Science.gov (United States)

Rameka, Lesley

2016-01-01

This "whakatauki" or "proverb" speaks to Maori perspectives of time, where the past, the present and the future are viewed as intertwined, and life as a continuous cosmic process. Within this continuous cosmic movement, time has no restrictions--it is both past and present. The past is central to and shapes both present and…

Metaphor-related figurative language comprehension in clinical populations: a critical review

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Maity Siqueira

2016-12-01

Full Text Available This paper aims to critically review current studies with respect to definitions,methods, and results on the comprehension of metaphor, metonymy,idioms, and proverbs under the following clinical conditions: aphasia,Alzheimer’s disease, autism, brain injuries, specific language impairment,and Williams Syndrome. A comprehensive search of experimentalpsycholinguistic research was conducted using EBSCOhost, PsychInfo,PUBMED, and Web of Science databases. Thirty-eight studies met thereview inclusion criteria. Results point to deficits in figurative languagecomprehension in all conditions considered, lack of clear definitions ofthe phenomena investigated, and varied methods throughout the sample.Patients’ difficulties are attributed to multiple factors, such as a lack ofTheory of Mind, executive dysfunctions, and poor semantic knowledge.The study of nonliteral aspects of language comprehension in clinicalpopulations reveals a range of disparate impairments. There was no specificfeature about metaphor-related phenomena identified that could, on its own,account for the difficulty some populations have to understand figurativelanguage. Rather, metaphor-related language comprehension difficultiesare often part of pragmatic, linguistic, and/or cognitive impairments.Keywords: Figurative language. Metaphor. Metonymy. Proverb. Clinicalpopulations

Nuevos textos sapienciales griegos en obras árabe-castellanas

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Francisco R. Adrados

1999-12-01

Full Text Available A substantial part of Wisdom Literature texts translated to Castilian by the order of King Alfonso X come from Greek originals: that is certified by the Arab translators of Libro de los Buenos Proverbios (Hunayn and Poridat de Poridades (ibn Batrik; and two other books, Bocados de Oro and Historia de la donzella Teodor, show the same characteristics. This paper is a first attempt to reconstruct, as fully as possible, the Greek models, as well as to trace their evolution from the 4th century B.C. to the 7th/8th A.D., when the books came to Arabs, directly or through Syriac translations. –– Despite some Arab touch, these works are essentially the Greek texts of the Roman Imperial period, slightly modified by the Byzantine who added religious and palatine allusions, as well as Christian proverbs. Contents and form are coincident with the antique Wisdom Literature as far as we can know it, specially from the Lifes followed by collections of proverbs, and from the literature about Alexander the Great and Aristotle.

There Is No Business Model for Open Educational Resources: A Business Model Approach

Science.gov (United States)

de Langen, Frank

2011-01-01

The economic proverb "There is no such thing such as a free lunch" applies also to open educational resources (OER). In recent years, several authors have used revenue models and business models to analyse the different sources of possible funding for OER. In this article the business models of Osterwalder and Chesbrough are combined…

Put Power into Your Presentations: Using Presentation Software Effectively

Science.gov (United States)

Safransky, Robert J.; Burmeister, Marsha L.

2009-01-01

Microsoft PowerPoint, Apple Keynote, and OpenOffice Impress are relatively common tools in the classroom and in the boardroom these days. What makes presentation software so popular? As the Chinese proverb declares, a picture is worth a thousand words. People like visual presentations. Presentation software can make even a dull subject come to…

The Agility Advantage: A Survival Guide for Complex Enterprises and Endeavors

Science.gov (United States)

2011-09-01

some which involve more investment than others. Indeed some changes that can make us more agile involve litt le or no cost. Readers Chapter 1 9...decisions can be made correctly and in a timely manner with litt le diffi culty or eff ort. We, as individuals and as organizations, have learned...tainty is merited. 8. While it is diffi cult to discover the origin of this proverb , two 18th century examples include in Italien Il meglio è l’inimico

The case of proverbs in Northern Sotho

African Journals Online (AJOL)

user

ferences in collocational preference of several words in a single diagram. ..... but the strongest collocation is made with fake (8 vs. 5 and 4). Another ... picture, it is possible to remove the collocations with lower collocation scores, as in Fig. 3.

Theological imagination as hermeneutical device: Exploring the hermeneutical contribution of an imaginal engagement with the text

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Anneke Viljoen

2016-07-01

Full Text Available In the past, biblical scholarship has neglected the hermeneutical contribution that an imaginal engagement with the text may make. The author’s aim in this article was to develop theological imagination as a hermeneutical device. This was done by briefly considering the concurrence in the hermeneutic contributions of three interpreters of biblical texts, with specific regard to their understanding of biblical imagination. These were Walter Brueggemann, Paul Ricoeur and Ignatius of Loyola. Their hermeneutical contributions concur in their understanding of a biblically informed imagination, and it is specifically this aspect of the concurrence of their thought that was explored. An illustration from Proverbs 14:27, which draws on the metaphor and biblical motif of the fountain or source of life, was put forward to demonstrate how the concurrence in the contributions of these biblical interpreters may influence an imaginal engagement with the text. Keywords: Old Testament; Proverbs; Hermeneutics; The fear of the Lord/Yahweh;  Walter Brueggemann; Paul Ricoeur;  Ignatius of Loyola; Imaginal engagement

“Forget to Whom You Have Told This Proverb”: Directed Forgetting of Destination Memory in Alzheimer's Disease

Science.gov (United States)

El Haj, Mohamad; Gandolphe, Marie-Charlotte; Allain, Philippe; Fasotti, Luciano; Antoine, Pascal

2015-01-01

Destination memory is the ability to remember the receiver of transmitted information. By means of a destination memory directed forgetting task, we investigated whether participants with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) were able to suppress irrelevant information in destination memory. Twenty-six AD participants and 30 healthy elderly subjects were asked to tell 10 different proverbs to 10 different celebrities (List 1). Afterwards, half of the participants were instructed to forget the destinations (i.e., the celebrities) whereas the other half were asked to keep them in mind. After telling 10 other proverbs to 10 other celebrities (List 2), participants were asked to read numbers aloud. Subsequently, all the participants were asked to remember the destinations of List 1 and List 2, regardless of the forget or remember instructions. The results show similar destination memory in AD participants who were asked to forget the destinations of List 1 and those who were asked to retain them. These findings are attributed to inhibitory deficits, by which AD participants have difficulties to suppress irrelevant information in destination memory. PMID:25918456

The Eye of the Earth: Niyi Osundare as a Poet of Nature | Doki ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

It can be said with considerable justification that Niyi Osundare is one of the most fecund poets writing in Africa today. A Nigerian of Yoruba extraction, his poetry is richly coloured by common expressions of traditional life (like proverbs and songs) which reflects the world view of his people. Besides, his poetry is accessible ...

Anthropocentric or Ecocentric Environmentalism? Views of University Students

Science.gov (United States)

Alagoz, Bulent; Akman, Ozkan

2016-01-01

An Indian proverb says that "the man's heart toughen as he drifts apart from nature." Living in harmony with nature is only possible by abandoning of mankind from its idea of dominance on nature. Deep ecology refuses the superiority of human against nature with a radical attitude within ecological philosophy, and it wants the individuals…

Theories of the classical and behaviour school for menagement as a base for extension of the menagement thought

OpenAIRE

Nikoloski, Krume; Miceski, Trajko

2016-01-01

The proverb that is well known is that there is nothing more practical than good theories. Theories are sets of instructions that give a sense of a phenomenon or key actors, so they connect the phenomena’s as a whole, identify and explain the relationship between agents, explain what happens when the agents are in mutual interaction, and through reflection of key relationships they can enable prediction of the future behavior and better control over the phenomenon. For these...

“Better To Die Than...”. Аbout Paradoxes of Preference in Paremiological Pictures of the World

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Елена Владимировна Ничипорчик

2015-01-01

Full Text Available The author of the article raises the problem of the search for proof of the existence of unity in the value consciousness of the representatives of different ethnoses. Proverbs, the particular features of which are to reflect the value positions of their producers and to be a distinctive instrument in forming the value consciousness of members of society, can act as factual basis for solving the problem. The analysis of proverbs in different languages with the notion of the inverted preference reveals the identity of producers’ valuable positions of the given proverbial expressions. This identity is established on the basis of coincidence of the categories acting as provokants of inverted preference as well as on the ground of concurrence of axiological meaningfulness of these categories in the proverbial spaces and “zones” of the conflicts of evaluative meanings. The conflict of assessment connected with comprehension of one or another category being observed in each of the proverbial funds is defined as the sign of invariant essence of values.

Los animales y el cuerpo en el refranero: un análisis semántico

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María del Refugio Pérez Paredes

2013-07-01

Full Text Available ResumenEste trabajo muestra un análisis de las paremias en español conformadas por sustantivos anatómicos y faunísticos cuya interpretación es metafórica. La propuesta consiste en explicar el sentido de estas expresiones a partir de los marcos semánticos de los sustantivos de ambos dominios, ya que, aunque se ha señalado que este tipo de construcciones no son susceptibles de un análisis componencial, consideramos que, recurriendo a la semántica de marcos, es posible encontrar su motivación semántica. AbstractThis work presents an analysis of some proverbs in Spanish that are built upon anatomic and faunistic nouns, and that have a metaphoric interpretation. The approach consists in explaining these expressions’ meanings using noun semantic frames in both domains. Although there has been pointed out that these constructions can’t be analyzed componentially, we consider that using frame semantics it is possible to find their semantic motivation.Key words: proverb – metaphor – anatomic domain – faunistic domain

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African Journals Online (AJOL)

ETIWISTIC

2013-05-06

May 6, 2013 ... have shown that works of many late 20th century Nigerian artists are still eclectic ... A wise and intelligent Yoruba man is advised in proverbs and not in ... The most significant historical study on the Yoruba is the detailed and .... Pottery, a basic utilitarian need and a female art tradition among the Yoruba.

The Frenkel Kontorova Model

Science.gov (United States)

Floría, L. M.; Baesens, C.; Gómez-Gardeñes, J.

In the preface to his monograph on the structure of Evolutionary Theory [1], the late professor Stephen Jay Gould attributes to the philosopher Immanuel Kant the following aphorism in Science Philosophy: "Percepts without concepts are blind; concepts without percepts are empty". Using with a bit of freedom these Kantian terms, one would say that a scientific model is a framework (or network) of interrelated concepts and percepts where experts build up scientific consistent explanations of a given set of observations. Good models are those which are both, conceptually simple and universal in their perceptions. Let us illustrate with examples the meaning of this statement.

Information Operations in Pursuit of Terrorists

Science.gov (United States)

2007-09-01

affairs in secrecy.” It was said in the proverbs, "The hearts of freemen are the tombs of secrets" and "Moslems’ secrecy is faithfulness, and talking...and prepare for new attacks.299 In May 2007, Al Qaeda named an Egyptian , Mustafa Ahmed Muhammad Uthman Abu al-Yazid, as the group’s leader for

The Study of Africa: A challenge for the African Renaissance | Koka ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

It is said, according to the Afrikan Proverb: “Until the Lions have their own historians tales of hunting will always glorify the hunter.” That is, not until Afrika can have its own scholars to present her case in world forums it will always suffer from mis-interpretations, misrepresentations and mis-presentations of her views and ...

Mol v drahém rouše. Sbírka přísloví Jakuba Srnovce z Varvažova a její latinské prameny

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Vaculínová, Marta

2017-01-01

Roč. 62, č. 1/2 (2017), s. 19-25 ISSN 2570-6861 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GA16-09064S Institutional support: RVO:67985955 Keywords : Jakub Srnec of Varvažov * proverbs * Adagia * commonplace books * Neo-Latin literature Subject RIV: AJ - Letters, Mass-media, Audiovision OBOR OECD: Specific literatures

Les langues à la cour de Danemark à la Renaissance et l’italianisme à l’époque de Christian IV (1577-1648)

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Toftgaard, Anders

2016-01-01

manuscrits, manuscrits qui se trouvent maintenant aux États-Unis, à Newberry Library et à Columbia University Libraries. Mais la Bibliothèque Royale du Danemark possède plusieurs manuscrits et livres ayant appartenu à Giacomo Castelvetro, dont un manuscrit récemment découvert avec une collection de proverbes...

Holisme en totaliteit | Venter | HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

As a contribution to the debate on postmodernism and holism, the viewpoint of J C Smuts is firstly summarised in this paper. Next, this summary is used to define on a comparative basis the viewpoint on totality found in the didactic poems of Proverbs 1-9. In conclusion an intertextual reading programme is proposed which ...

Historical texts from the Swahili coast (part 2)

OpenAIRE

Nurse, Derek

2012-01-01

Historical texts from the Swahili coast (Swahili-English): Upper Pokomo Elwana, Mwiini Bajuni Pate Amu, She la Matondoni, Mwani Asili ya Mphokomu Fumo Liongo A story. Proverbs and riddles Mashairi Saidi Haji talking about poetry. Kiteko, a story Verse by MA Abdulkadir, Women`s political songs. An old woman reminisces, Mbaraka Msuri, a hadithi. Ngano A story.

UNSUR-UNSUR BUDAYA DALAM AMTSÂL ’ARABIYYAH (PERIBAHASA ARAB

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Siti Mahwiyah

2014-12-01

Full Text Available This article analyze the cultural values in proverb of Arabic (amtsal. The analysis of Amtsal are from the history of ancient Arabian. The results shows that Amtsal reflect cultural values such as; culture, life style, mindset, geography position, and economic activity of ancient Arabian. DOI: 10.15408/a.v1i2.1142

Lifting as You Climb

Science.gov (United States)

Sullivan, Debra R.

2009-01-01

This article addresses leadership themes and answers leadership questions presented to "Exchange" by the Panel members who attended the "Exchange" Panel of 300 Reception in Dallas, Texas, last November. There is an old proverb that encourages people to lift as they climb: "While you climb a mountain, you must not forget others along the way." With…

Nurturing Ethical Values in the 21st Century Adolescent

Science.gov (United States)

Kuttner, Joanne Fitzmaurice

2009-01-01

There is a wise proverb that insists it takes a whole village to raise a child to adulthood. In light of the expanding convolution of contemporary values, it is especially important to attentively nurture the inherent desire in each developing human person to seek good and avoid evil, especially during the critical years of adolescent formation.…

Interplay of Cognitive Efficiency, Cognitive Ability and Motivation

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Bruna Piks

2014-10-01

Full Text Available The current body of research often focuses on the problem of cognitive decline through ageing. People adapt to these changes of cognitive resources by using brain reserve. An overview of results of different studies on how cognitive abilities of older adults decline highlights high variability of conclusions and sometimes contradiction but it has been shown older adults can be as good as or even better than younger participants in specific domains. Among others, personal meaningfulness of a situation and closeness to the researcher can be strong factors when assessing cognitive abilities and the aim of this paper was to research how these effect cognitive efficiency. In the pilot study we eliminated the factor of laboratory setting and checked how cognitive efficiency and abilities change in relation to motivation. Forty-eight participants, divided into two age groups, were asked to pass a proverb interpretation test. The results showed that participant’s subjective view on the researcher, perceived closeness, correlated with the adequacy in proverb interpretation. Both groups scored higher on adequacy of interpretation when they perceived to be close to the researcher. The younger adults outperformed the older but those in the older adults’ group, who felt to be close to the researcher scored as well as younger adults who didn’t perceived to be close to the researcher. This motivational reserve might play a role in assessing cognitive abilities and pathologies that affect the outcome of neuropsychological tests.

Lifelong learning arrangements in chinese organizations in the context of an emerging knowedge economy

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Dilin Meiyi, Yao

2008-01-01

There is a proverb in China: huo dao lao, xue dao lao, which means keep on learning as long as you live. Though this is an ancient thought for Lifelong Learning, the meaning of the current research in Lifelong Learning is still up to date. Kessels (2001) stated that our society is gradually moving

Assumptions, Trust, and Names in Computer Security Protocols

Science.gov (United States)

2011-06-01

teach him; He who K and ¬KK: he is asleep — wake him; He who K and KK: he is wise — follow him. Paraphrased Arabian proverb . xi THIS PAGE...model properties of non-agent objects (e.g., message- queues): we therefore include an environment e (along with its set Le of possible local states...i.e., N) to the set of all possible global states (i.e., Le × La1 × · · · × Lan) and thus is one possible history for the system. We identify our

Making technology familiar: orthodox Jews and infertility support, advice, and inspiration.

Science.gov (United States)

Kahn, Susan Martha

2006-12-01

This paper examines how orthodox Jews use traditional strategies and new media simultaneously to cope with infertility in the age of new reproductive technologies. Not only have they used the Internet to establish support, information, and educational networks, but also they have created frameworks for unique professional collaborations among rabbis, doctors, and clinic personnel in order to ensure that their fertility treatments are conducted with strict attention to Jewish legal concerns, particularly with regard to incest, adultery, and traditional practices regarding bodily emissions. Throughout these processes, they have innovated a hybrid language for describing and explaining infertility treatments that blends Hebrew prayers, Yiddish aphorisms, English slang, Gematria (numerology), and biomedical terminology. By using idiomatic language and folk practice, orthodox Jews construct a unique terrain that shapes and makes familiar their experience and understanding of fertility treatment. Biomedicine in this context is understood as a set of tools and strategies that can be readily appropriated and harnessed to a particular set of individual and collective goals.

The Ethnosemantics and Proverbs of ohia, ''poverty'' in Akan1 ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

It means susceptibility to violence, and it often implies living on marginal or fragile environments ... injustice, blatant ruthless and violent exploitation. Based on these ..... relate specifically to poverty, poor persons, money, and the power of money. The expressions are ...... The uses and utility of ideology. A commentary.

Soviet Muslim Emigres in the Republic of Turkey

Science.gov (United States)

1992-05-01

traditional cuisine , proverbs and dances, great national heroes (abreks, Sheik Shamil and Imam Mansur etc) necrologies, poetry, short stories and...sv ye Cin Arasinda tTurkistan, Between Russia and Chinal Istanbul: Otaj Yayinevi, -1975. 437 pp. Treats Russian and Chinese intervention in Turkistan...Yeni Kitap, Basunevi (undated). 72 pp. Recollections of Hap* Perpi Ozgen. Chronicles his struggles against Russian and Chinese imperialism (author

"It Doesn't Seem like Work, It Seems like Good Fun": Perceptions of Primary Students on the Use of Handheld Game Consoles in Mathematics Classes

Science.gov (United States)

O'Rourke, John; Main, Susan; Ellis, Michelle

2013-01-01

A Chinese proverb suggests "Tell me and I'll forget; show me and I may remember; involve me and I'll understand." How to involve or engage today's learner is at the forefront of much educational research and was the impetus for the study reported herein. This study explored the perceptions of Year 4/5 students from nine separate schools…

Scripted Reading Programs: Fishing for Success

Science.gov (United States)

Duncan-Owens, Deborah

2009-01-01

"Give a man a fish and he will eat for a day. Teach a man to fish and he will eat for the rest of his life." This popular Chinese proverb is an apt metaphor for the dilemma faced by principals and curriculum coordinators when deciding whether to purchase a scripted commercial reading program. Although a scripted reading program may solve…

Early Birds in Korea: Exporting Defense AT and L Has Far Reaching Impact

Science.gov (United States)

2015-11-01

51 Defense AT&L: November–December 2015 Early Birds in Korea ”Exporting” Defense AT&L Has Far-Reaching Impact DT Tripp n Hwa Yu Tripp is...Defense Acquisition Program Administration. “The early bird catches the worm.” Who doesn’t know this proverb? A study club in the Republic of Korea (ROK...name originated from that tenet as the “Early Birds Study”—or the EBS, for short. This year, the EBS will celebrate the 10th anniversary of its

Sharing best practice in stoma care nursing.

Science.gov (United States)

Willams, Julia

A problem shared is a problem halved; a very poignant proverb that forms the essence of this year's World Council of Enterostomal Therapists (WCET) UK conference in Coventry. Sharing experiences from practice is invalid if clinical practice is to grow and develop. It raises awareness, offering the opportunity to question and review practice. Sharing practice offers opportunities to enquiring minds.

Unique Migraine Subtypes, Rare Headache Disorders, and Other Disturbances.

Science.gov (United States)

Goadsby, Peter J

2015-08-01

The medical aphorism that common things happen commonly makes unique (and less common) migraine subtypes especially appropriate to review for the general neurologist. This article also identifies some rare headache disorders and other disturbances, and offers strategies to manage them. This article discusses migraine with brainstem aura, which is troublesome clinically and has had a change in terminology in the International Classification of Headache Disorders, Third Edition, beta version (ICHD-3 beta), and hemiplegic migraine, which is also troublesome in practice. The rare headache disorder hypnic headache and the exploding head syndrome are also discussed. When hypnic headache is recognized, it is eminently treatable, while exploding head syndrome is a benign condition with no reported consequences. Unique migraine subtypes, rare headache disorders, and other disturbances present to neurologists. When recognized, they can often be managed very well, which offers significant benefits to patients and practice satisfaction to neurologists.

discourse of knowledge versus discourse of self-legitimation

African Journals Online (AJOL)

DR. KAMALU

2016-06-02

Jun 2, 2016 ... The phrase “Popular literature” is certainly a difficult term to grapple with in terms of .... In I0 Things Every Woman Must Do to Keep .... The only thing that is consistent about the publisher is its location which is .... African Proverbs under the subhead “categories included” we have “COMMON SENSE, HARD.

Sources of sibling similarity : Status attainment in the Netherlands during modernization

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Knigge, A.

2015-01-01

An old Dutch proverb says, “If you’re born a nickel, you’ll never become a dime,” meaning it is difficult to escape the social class into which you are born. The fact that siblings often attain a similar occupational status shows that there is at least some truth in this. A classic sociological

World And Woe: A Sociological Reading Of Proverbs As An ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Man, who inhabits the world of the living, has put in place various measures to guarantee a rewarding, stable, virile and blissful existence even as he interacts with the other elements that characterize his being. In spite of the conscious, concerted efforts man makes, unfolding realities portend, often times, various levels of ...

Próba kognitywnego ujęcia mądrości (na materiale przysłów polskich i litewskich

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Monika Bogdzevič

2015-06-01

Full Text Available The concept of wisdom in Polish and Lithuanian paremiology In this paper, an attempt has been made to present the semantic and axiological substance of wisdom hidden in the consciousnesses of two different, namely Polish and Lithuanian, linguistic-cultural communities. The analysis belongs to a branch of linguistics, interpreting language in terms of concepts, viewing it as a source of knowledge about people themselves, different communities, their mentality, ways of perception and interpretations of the way the world is. As a model to present the most thorough understanding of wisdom, the method of cognitive definition proposed by Jerzy Bartmiński is applied. Linguistic-cultural images of wise [person], understood as the concretizations of wisdom have to reveal him/her in opposition to stupid. The cognitive picture of wise is for the most part based on the analysis of features of character and appearance, portrayed behavior, interpersonal relations and the way others have as a perception of wise. Many cognitive parameters of wisdom are revealed while exploring the interactions between people and that of nature (plants, animals which surrounds them and investigating deeper interpersonal relations with other people. The material for research was taken from Polish and Lithuanian proverbs. The latter occur as a result of world perception, everyday life observation, confrontations with its phenomenon. The proverbs are taken from compendiums of Polish and Lithuanian proverbs: Nowa księga przysłów i wyrażeń przysłowiowych (The New Book of Proverbs and Proverbial Phrases by Julian Krzyżanowski and Lietuvių patarlės (Lithuanian Proverbs, Patarlių paralelės (Parallels of Proverbs by Kazys Grigas. Given as cognitive definitions the cultural visions of wise, despite all the emphasized differences, enable us to perceive many evaluations of wise similar or even common to Polish and Lithuanian cultures.   Próba kognitywnego ujęcia m

Il metodo della fisica e le problematiche della biologia

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Tripodi, G

2007-07-01

Full Text Available Following the ancient Hermetic aphorism solve et coagula, we investigate the nature of the interface between physics and biology by moving up and down the different temporal and spatial scales which enter the description of natural phenomena. Various indications seem to support both the existence of such an interface and the possibility of finding methods, languages, and targets shared by such two disciplines. However, this possibility becomes remote if one moves further and further from the microscopic level of atoms and molecules (and, correspondingly, of molecular biology. We conclude that the biologically founded epistemology proposed by Maturana and Varela as well as cultural anthropology and sociology cannot yet be treated with the methodology of physics.

Arte y religión en Schopenhauer: de la necesidad metafísica a la justificación estética de la existencia

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Encarnación Ruiz Callejón

2013-05-01

Full Text Available The thesis that I develop in this paper is that there is a way of affirmation of the existence and the world in Schopenhauer, assuming no foundation, an aesthetic justification of existence or a way of life either as a tragic pessimism or pessimism of strength. This is an additional path to his basic position stated in The World as Will and Representation and is clearly in Parerga and Paralipomena, especially in «On Religion» and in «Aphorisms on the wisdom of life». To develop that thesis, I analyze the concept of «need for metaphysics» and its relationship to art and to the author’s project of philosophy.

Conservation education in Madagascar: three case studies in the biologically diverse island-continent.

Science.gov (United States)

Dolins, Francine L; Jolly, Alison; Rasamimanana, Hantanirina; Ratsimbazafy, Jonah; Feistner, Anna T C; Ravoavy, Florent

2010-05-01

Few Malagasy children and adults are aware of the rare and unique fauna and flora indigenous to their island-continent, including flagship lemur species. Even the Malagasy ancestral proverbs never mentioned lemurs, but these same proverbs talked about the now extinct hippopotamus. Madagascar's geography, history, and economic constraints contribute to severe biodiversity loss. Deforestation on Madagascar is reported to be over 100,000 ha/year, with only 10-15% of the island retaining natural forest [Green & Sussman, 1990]. Educating children, teacher-training, and community projects about environmental and conservation efforts to protect the remaining natural habitats of endangered lemur species provide a basis for long-term changes in attitudes and practices. Case studies of three conservation education projects located in different geographical regions of Madagascar, Centre ValBio, Madagacar Wildlife Conservation Alaotra Comic Book Project, and The Ako Book Project, are presented together with their ongoing stages of development, assessment, and outcomes. We argue that while nongovernmental organizational efforts are and will be very important, the Ministry of Education urgently needs to incorporate biodiversity education in the curriculum at all levels, from primary school to university. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Le lion, l’étoile y l’hélice: estudio descriptivo de la metáfora en textos técnicos franceses del ámbito de la automoción y de su traducción al español

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Isabel Jiménez Gutiérrez

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Technical texts are usually character- ized by the use of terminology, and they are said to be clear, concise, precise and objec- tive. It is terminology which is normally considered one of the most important diffi- culties to understand specialized concepts because they are expressed by means of this terminology. Nevertheless, there are other linguistic and cognitive elements which are frequently used to express specialized con- cepts, for instance, metaphors. In this paper we aim to analyze the use of cognitive met- aphors in a corpus of French semi- specialized technical texts and to consider whether the use of these metaphors could be a problem should these metaphors have to be translated into Spanish.

Animals′ Role in Proper Behaviour: Cheŵa Women′s Instructions in South-Central Africa

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Leslie F Zubieta

2016-01-01

Full Text Available The most common role of animals in the Cheŵa culture of south-central Africa is twofold: they are regarded as an important source of food, and they also provide raw materials for the creation of traditional medicines. Animals, however, also have a nuanced symbolic role that impacts the way people behave with each other by embodying cultural protocols of proper — and not so proper — behaviour. They appear repeatedly in storytelling and proverbs to reference qualities that people need to avoid or pursue and learn from the moral of the story in which animals interplay with each other, just as humans do. For example, someone who wants to prevent the consequences of greed is often advised to heed hyena stories and proverbs. My contribution elaborates on Brian Morris's instrumental work in south-central Africa, which has permitted us to elucidate the symbolism of certain animals and the perception of landscape for Indigenous populations in this region. I discuss some of the ways in which animals have been employed to teach and learn proper behaviour in a particular sacred ceremony of the Cheŵa people which takes place in celebration of womanhood: Chinamwali.

Peak Electric Load Relief in Northern Manhattan

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Hildegaard D. Link

2014-08-01

Full Text Available The aphorism “Think globally, act locally,” attributed to René Dubos, reflects the vision that the solution to global environmental problems must begin with efforts within our communities. PlaNYC 2030, the New York City sustainability plan, is the starting point for this study. Results include (a a case study based on the City College of New York (CCNY energy audit, in which we model the impacts of green roofs on campus energy demand and (b a case study of energy use at the neighborhood scale. We find that reducing the urban heat island effect can reduce building cooling requirements, peak electricity loads stress on the local electricity grid and improve urban livability.

Contribution of Visualized Phrases on Word Using Skill

Science.gov (United States)

Batur, Zekerya

2013-01-01

In this study it was researched whether visualized proverbs, idioms and epigrams have effect of primary school 3rd, 5th and 7th grade students' speaking skills. The study was executed in spring semester of the academic year of 2010-2011, with 30 students studying at primary school in 3rd, 5th and 7th grade. The students who participated in the…

Undoing Quantitative Easing: Janet Yellen's Tiger Ride

Science.gov (United States)

Niederjohn, M. Scott; Schug, Mark C.; Wood, William C.

2014-01-01

"One who rides a tiger is afraid to dismount," says a colorful proverb from an earlier time. This may be an apt saying for the situation facing the new head of the Federal Reserve, Janet L. Yellen, who takes over at a time when successive rounds of Fed policy have taken the central bank into uncharted territory. By historical standards,…

A PRAGMA-STYLO-SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF PROVERBS 26 ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

levels of linguistic, situational, psychological, sociological and cosmological ... The Bible, because of its spiritual, moral and socio-cultural relevance, ...... of Consumer Advertisement" unpublished Ph.D. Thesis. Indiana University, Bloomington.

[Cancer and Malnutrition].

Science.gov (United States)

Tsuzuki, Norimasa; Higashiguchi, Takashi; Ito, Akihiro; Ohara, Hiroshi; Futamura, Akihiko

2015-07-01

A Japanese proverb says that a balanced diet leads to a healthy body. However, the relation between healthy life and nutrition has not been established precisely and quantitatively. Cancer cachexia, which is malnutrition in cancer patients, has been studied extensively. Appropriate nutrition support can prevent the progression of malnutrition in cancer patients and advance the tolerance for anticancer therapy. In refractory cachexia (terminally cancer patients), we will judge the necessity of reduction of nutrition support, what it is called "gear-change", because the support is burden for the body. It is important to restrict the quantity of nutrition and to give medical treatment to retain bodily function in these patients.

a study of parallel proverbs in akan (twi)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

conceptual/semantic similarity in terms of core meaning with regard to behavior towards palm-wine ..... populations and the evolution of human mitochondrial DNA.” Science 253 ..... NEG-REL-have sleep 2SG-NEG-know bedbugs wake. 3SG.

The text-critical and exegetical value of the Dead Sea Scrolls

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Johann Cook

2016-07-01

Full Text Available This article will analyse a number of Dead Sea manuscripts and/or fragments in order to determine their linguistic and exegetical value. The article will, firstly, address textual material that is largely in agreement with the Massoretic Text – 1QIsaa is a case in point. Secondly, fragmentsthat are seemingly less relevant will be discussed. The less helpful fragments from the Biblical books Proverbs and Job are taken as examples. Finally, highly significant textual differences, such as a fragment from Genesis 1 and one from the complicated books of Jeremiah, will be evaluated.

Die vrou Wysheid, God, en ekobillikheid: Liggaamsideologie in Spreuke 8:1–9:18

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Philip P. Venter

2009-11-01

This article examines the ideology of the body, specifically in terms of the gender of Wisdom and God, from an ecojustice perspective. Femininity within a God construct could contribute to a value system that incorporates compassion, interrelatedness and mutual care. In Proverbs 8:1–9:18, however, the woman Wisdom does not represent an ecofriendly construct, but simply enhances and supports the patriarchal, masculine values incorporated in the God Yahweh.

Time for nuclear to hold its nerve at this pivotal time for the industry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shepherd, John

2017-01-01

Recent weeks have been tough for the world's nuclear energy industry. The nuclear industry has seen setbacks before. And it is the nature of this inter-connected global industry to find itself in the international media spotlight when ''bad news'' strikes. The task for the industry now is to pick itself up and face the economic challenges head-on. As one English proverb notes, ''fortune favours the brave''.

Lingvocognitive features of adjectives through the prism of the paremiological picture of the world

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И О Натхо

2008-12-01

Full Text Available The article deals with the attempt to outline the contours of the paremiological linguistic picture of the world revealing some characteristic LSG of adjectives in it by the example of proverbs and sayings of the English language on the basis of the general review of the traditional linguistics positions and from the point of view of the cognitive approach to the linguistic picture of the world.

Ukrainian culture: individualism or collectivism?

OpenAIRE

Borysenko, Leonid; Borysenko, Leonid

2017-01-01

This short review deals with the problem of individualistic/collectivistic orientation in the Ukrainian population. It is thought that individualism is a striking feature of the Ukrainian national character. This was repeatedly stressed by some distinguished Ukrainian thinkers. Many interesting examples of individualistic behavior can also be found in Ukrainian proverbs and sayings. At the same time, some authors argued for deep collectivistic roots of the Ukrainian culture. Researches that h...

A theology of the Greek version of Proverbs

African Journals Online (AJOL)

2015-07-17

Jul 17, 2015 ... unit is unique in that its translation technique can be defined as extremely free in some instances ... translator is interpreting his parent text. .... Hebrew lexeme has the connotation of 'shrewdness' as part ... acquire skill.].

The Case of NTC's Dictionary of Proverbs and Clichés

African Journals Online (AJOL)

What makes the groups or units of fixed expressions distinct from one .... as to cut off your nose to spite your face and to throw the baby out with the bathwater would be .... meanings. Procedure ...... The biggest frog/toad in the pud- dle (p. 194).

More on the Greek fable and its origins

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Francisco Rodríguez Adrados

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Some years have passed since the publication of Adrados’ book History of the Graeco-Latin Fable, it is convenient to add some novelties. First of all, a mention must be added to books by Jedrkiewicz, van Dijk and also by Adrados. Then, a reference is needed also to Sumerian, Acadian and Egyptian fables which have left some motives in the greek Fable. In particular, are important some myths related to the creation of men and animals: their original nature must be preserved, if not bad consequences originate. That is the old wisdom of proverbs and fables, nature does nor change. Some omnipresent examples are presented.

Destination memory in social interaction: better memory for older than for younger destinations in normal aging?

Science.gov (United States)

El Haj, Mohamad; Raffard, Stéphane; Fasotti, Luciano; Allain, Philippe

2018-05-01

Destination memory, a memory component allowing the attribution of information to its appropriate receiver (e.g., to whom did I lend my pen?), is compromised in normal aging. The present paper investigated whether older adults might show better memory for older destinations than for younger destinations. This hypothesis is based on empirical research showing better memory for older faces than for younger faces in older adults. Forty-one older adults and 44 younger adults were asked to tell proverbs to older and younger destinations (i.e., coloured faces). On a later recognition test, participants had to decide whether they had previously told some proverb to an older/younger destination or not. Prior to this task, participants reported their frequency of contact with other-age groups. The results showed lower destination memory in older adults than in younger adults. Interestingly, older adults displayed better memory for older than for younger destinations. The opposite pattern was seen in younger adults. The low memory for younger destinations, as observed in older adults, was significantly correlated with limited exposure to younger individuals. These findings suggest that for older adults, the social experience can play a crucial role in the destination memory, at least as far as exposure to other-age groups is concerned.

One Valley at a Time

Science.gov (United States)

2006-08-01

reveal a strong set of traditions that are meant to maintain and repair relationships between families, tribes , and clans through extension of...JSOU Report 06-6 The Pashtun are not at peace unless they are at war. — Pashtun proverb Pashtuns, as a tribe , have been a dominant force in this region... Zulu time), the CEB worked through a monthly process that determined enemy vulnerabilities, developed targets, presented targets for decision, and

Command in Air War: Centralized vs. Decentralized Control of Combat Airpower

Science.gov (United States)

2005-05-19

Satan � that its enemies claimed. Groups like Ansar Al-Islam incorporated the pictures into their recruiting literature, and Abu Musab Zarqawi�s...November 2002, 304, available to download at http://www.dodccrp.org/publications/ pdf /Smith_EBO.PDF. - 59 - external power sources for the next...Proverbs 16:9, New American Standard Bible Air Force aircraft were not involved in the battle in Mogadishu, Somalia on October 3, 1993� Army helicopters

Command in Air War. Centralized Versus Decentralized Control of Combat Airpower

Science.gov (United States)

2007-06-01

fears that Americans were the “Great Satan ” that its enemies claimed. Groups such as Ansar al-Islam incorporated these pictures into their recruit- ing...his steps. —Proverbs 16:9 —New American Standard Bible Air Force aircraft were not involved in the battle in Mogadishu, Somalia...Command and Control Research Pro- gram, Nov. 2002. http://www.dodccrp.org/publications/ pdf / Smith_EBO.PDF. Snook, Scott A. Friendly Fire: The Accidental

A Good Name and Great Riches: Rebranding Solid State Physics for the National Laboratories

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Martin, Joseph

2012-03-01

In 1943 Oliver Buckley, lamenting the inadequacy of term ``physics'' to evoke what physicists did, quoted the proverb, ``A good name is rather to be chosen than great riches.'' Some forty years later, solid state physicists confronted similar discontent with their name, precipitating the rise of the appellation ``condensed matter physics.'' Ostensibly a rebranding of a well-established field, the change signaled deeper conceptual and institutional realignment. Whereas ``solid state'' emerged in the 1940s in the service of institutional aims, ``condensed matter'' more accurately captured a distinct set of theoretical and experimental approaches. Reimagining the field around core conceptual approaches set condensed matter apart from the inchoate field of materials science, which subsumed a growing proportion of solid state funding and personnel through the 1980s. Federally funded research installations were the source of ``great riches'' for scientific research. The DOE National Laboratory System and the DARPA network of Interdisciplinary Laboratories, given their responsiveness to shifts in national funding priorities, provide a sensitive historical instrument through which to trace the transition from solid state to condensed matter. The reorganization of solid state in response to the evolution of national priorities and funding practices precipitated a sharpening of the field's intellectual mission. At the same time, it reflected the difficulties solid state faced articulating its intellectual--as opposed to technological--merit. The proverb continues, `` and loving favor rather than silver and gold.'' The adoption of a name that emphasized intellectual cohesion and associated social esteem exposed the growing tension between technology-oriented national funding goals for materials research and condensed matter physics' ascendant intellectual identity.

Cheater's Guide to Speaking English Like a Native

CERN Document Server

De Mente, Boye

2007-01-01

Native English-speakers use a large number of proverbs and colloquial expressions in their daily conversations. These common sayings, which evolved over the centuries, are like "codes" that reveal the cultural values and attitudes of the speakers. To fully understand and communicate in English, it's necessary to be familiar with these expressions and know how and when to use them. The Cheater's Guide to Speaking English like a Native is a shortcut to achieving that goal.

The role of graphic design in marketing communications

OpenAIRE

Praznik, Daša

2014-01-01

Well designed visual image is the first step of advertising that has an impact on our business partners and consumers. According to Slovenian proverb that "clothes make the man" we could say the same for graphic design and marketing. Well executed graphic design and visual communications enable the communication of our product with a customer. This could be also a communication with artistic approach and a special connection. In order to obtain good results, advertisers use techniques to get...

Il De uno alla luce dell’Exemplum tractatus de iustitia universali, sive de fontibus iuris di Francis Bacon

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Romana Bassi

2016-11-01

Full Text Available [Reading “De uno” in light of Francis Bacon’s “Exemplum tractatus de iustitia universali, sive de fontibus iuris”]. Although Vico was admittedly disappointed by Bacon’s Exemplum tractatus, a parallel reading of this text and De uno can provide insights as to how Vico ended up having to confront a series of issues: how does the universal law project itself into history? Where does the law stem from? Is there a link between law, occasion, and utility? What are the sources and the scope of authority? How does violence affect the law? What role for religion and piety? How to devise a philology for the laws and ancient fables? Bacon’s scattered aphorisms offer glimpses into problems which find a solution in the all-encompassing order of De uno.

What an Indian Proverb Can Teach Us About Communication

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Cancer Research in the Media: International Workshop for Scientific Journalism (CRiM), held last month in India - a partnership of the NCI Office of Communications and Public Liaison (OCPL) and NCI Center for Global Health (CGH).

Time for nuclear to hold its nerve at this pivotal time for the industry

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shepherd, John [nuclear 24, Redditch (United Kingdom)

2017-05-15

Recent weeks have been tough for the world's nuclear energy industry. The nuclear industry has seen setbacks before. And it is the nature of this inter-connected global industry to find itself in the international media spotlight when ''bad news'' strikes. The task for the industry now is to pick itself up and face the economic challenges head-on. As one English proverb notes, ''fortune favours the brave''.

The use of indigenous techniques of communication for language learning: The case of Cameroon

OpenAIRE

Ebong, Balbina

2004-01-01

This study aimed at determining whether the use of indigenous techniques of communication can have a positive impact on the motivation of the learner of English as a foreign language in Cameroon. By indigenous techniques of communication we mean techniques like role-play, songs, the telling of folktales, riddles and proverbs. This work is intended as a contribution to the search for improvement of student motivation and enthusiasm, whereby they can be more responsive as they participate spont...

The Role of Communication in the French Judicial System

OpenAIRE

Emmanuel Jeuland; Anastasia Sotiropoulou

2012-01-01

Communication has recently acquired a central role in the French judicial system. Being an integral part of the management of courts, it is crucial in building the image of justice, as it can affect procedural principles, in particular, the principles of impartiality and of reasonable time. A good image of justice promotes the appearance of efficiency and impartiality. Justice has not only to be fair, but also to be seen as such, according to the well-known proverb.

"They're gonna explain to us what makes a cube a cube?" Geometrical properties as contingent achievement of sequentially ordered child-centered mathematics lessons

Science.gov (United States)

Roth, Wolff-Michael; Gardener, Rod

2012-09-01

In mathematics education, there is a continuing debate about the nature of mathematics, which some claim to be an objective science, whereas others note its socially and individually constructed nature. From a strict cultural-historical perspective, the objective and subjective sides of mathematics are but manifestations of a higher-order phenomenon that may be summarized by the aphorism that mind is in society to the extent that society is in the mind. In this study, we show, drawing on exemplifying materials from a second-grade unit on three-dimensional geometry, how mathematics manifests itself both as objective science all the while being subjectively produced. A particular three-turn interactional sequence comes to play a central role. We conclude by re-assigning a positive role to a much-maligned sequentially ordered conversational routine.

Une nouvelle démarche communautaire pour faire face aux ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

15 déc. 2010 ... Une image vaut mille mots. Le proverbe n'est hélas que trop vrai en temps de guerre. Les images d'enfants blessés par des mines, de maisons criblées de balles et de fosses communes sont frappantes et bouleversantes. Pourtant, elles lèvent à peine le voile sur la réalité de ceux et celles dont le quotidien ...

Comprehension of metaphors in patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders.

Science.gov (United States)

Mossaheb, Nilufar; Aschauer, Harald N; Stoettner, Susanne; Schmoeger, Michaela; Pils, Nicole; Raab, Monika; Willinger, Ulrike

2014-05-01

Metaphors, mainly proverbs and idiomatic expressions of ordinary life are commonly used as a model for concretism. Previous studies have shown impaired metaphor comprehension in patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders compared to either psychiatric or non-psychiatric control subject. The aim of this study was to detect possible quantitative differences in figurative processing between patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders and healthy controls. In order to analyse possible dissociations of different aspects of figurative speech, a range of metaphor tasks was used to distinguish between recognition of familiar metaphors, paraphrasing the meaning of the latter and generating novel metaphors: we used a standard proverb test for conventional metaphors consisting of a multiple-choice and a paraphrasing task, and the Metaphoric Triads Test for the assessment of novel metaphors. We included 40 patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders and 43 healthy control subjects. Our results showed that patients had impaired figurative speech processing regarding novel and conventional metaphors. Associations with cognitive functions were detected. Performance on the paraphrasing task was associated with the severity of negative symptoms. We conclude that patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders do exhibit impairments in the recognition and paraphrasing of conventional and the generation of novel metaphors and that some cognitive domains as well the extent of negative symptoms might be associated with these deficits. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Palm fruit in traditional African food culture.

Science.gov (United States)

Atinmo, Tola; Bakre, Aishat Taiwo

2003-01-01

The centre of origin of the oil palm is the tropical rain forest region of West Africa. It is considered to be the 200-300 kilometre wide coastal belt between Liberia and Mayumbe. The oil palm tree has remained the 'tree of life' of Yoruba land as well as of other parts of southern West Africa to which it is indigenous. The Yoruba are adept at spinning philosophical and poetical proverbs around such ordinary things as hills, rivers, birds, animals and domestic tools. Hundreds of the traditional proverbs are still with us, and through them one can see the picture of the environment that contributed to the moulding of the thoughts of the people. Yoruba riddles or puzzles were also couched in terms of the environment and the solutions to them were also environmental items. They have a popular saying: A je eran je eran a kan egungun, a je egungun je egungun a tun kan eran: 'A piece of meat has an outer layer of flesh, an intermediate layer of bone and an inner layer of flesh'. What is it? A palm fruit: it has an outer edible layer, the mesocarp; then a layer of shell, inedible, and the kernel inside, edible. The solution to this puzzle summarises the botanical and cultural characteristics of the palm fruit.

The Challenges of Translating Idioms from Arabic into English A Closer look at Al Imam AL Mahdi University – Sudan

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Amin Ali Al Mubarak

2017-01-01

Full Text Available This particular study explores and identifies the obstacles faced in the process of translating idioms from the Arabic  into the English. In fact, one of the most challenging issues in the field of translation is the process of translating idioms from the source language into the target language with maximum success in conveying similar connotation, conceptualization, as well as shades of meaning. Therefore, in meeting the objectives outlined in this study, a purposive sample that consisted of forty students pursuing B.A. in English at the Arts College of Al Imam AL Mahdi – Sudan had been selected. Other than that, the researcher employed the descriptive approach in the study to identify and to list down the problems faced by students in applying certain strategies to translate idioms from Arabic into English. As such, a translation test was carried out as an instrument for data collection. The test was comprised of twelve Arabic proverbs based on Speake (2008 classification of Proverbs, i.e. everyday experience, traditional wisdom, and folklore, to name a few. As a result, the outcomes of the study revealed several issues that must be ironed out in order to translate idiomatic expressions appropriately and accurately. Some significant factors that had been included are cultural aspects, sociolinguistic elements, linguistic and stylistic considerations and some particular meta-lingual factors.

Palimpsestes verbo-culturels comme outils d’acculturation

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Elena Sandakova

2018-05-01

Full Text Available This article invites to reconsider the cultural values –in case of natives, and to adapt to a foreign culture -in case of learners. In this respect, we look into verbocultural palimpsests, appreciated and examined by Robert Galisson within his lexiculture. The present corpus -collected within common settings of Russian, French and Spanish languages is only a simple nod to the exploration of the cultural words. It refers to titles of books, TV programmes, sites, advertising slogans, headlines, songs, and also includes verbal operations, forms of communication, proverbs, idioms and sayings. L’article invite à revisiter les valeurs culturelles, dans le cas des natifs, et à s’adapter à une culture étrangère, dans le cas des apprenants. Dans ce but, nous nous penchons sur les palimpsestes verbo-culturels, très chers à Robert Galisson et travaillés au sein de la lexiculture. Le corpus, recueilli dans les cadres courants russe, français et espagnol, n’est qu’un simple clin d’œil à l’exploration des mots culturels. Il fait référence à des titres de livres, de programmes télévisés, de sites, de slogans, de chansons, aussi bien qu’il comprend des opérations verbales, des formules de communication, des proverbes et des idiomes.

Hippocrates' complaint and the scientific ethos in early modern England.

Science.gov (United States)

Yeo, Richard

2018-04-01

Among the elements of the modern scientific ethos, as identified by R.K. Merton and others, is the commitment of individual effort to a long-term inquiry that may not bring substantial results in a lifetime. The challenge this presents was encapsulated in the aphorism of the ancient Greek physician, Hippocrates of Kos: vita brevis, ars longa (life is short, art is long). This article explores how this complaint was answered in the early modern period by Francis Bacon's call for the inauguration of the sciences over several generations, thereby imagining a succession of lives added together over time. However, Bacon also explored another response to Hippocrates: the devotion of a 'whole life', whether brief or long, to science. The endorsement of long-term inquiry in combination with intensive lifetime involvement was embraced by some leading Fellows of the Royal Society, such as Robert Boyle and Robert Hooke. The problem for individuals, however, was to find satisfaction in science despite concerns, in some fields, that current observations and experiments would not yield material able to be extended by future investigations.

Minuteman III Cost Per Alert Hour Analysis

Science.gov (United States)

2012-03-22

Proverbs 16:3 I am eternally grateful for such a lovely wife and vibrant children; without your patience and support, I would...section. 12 Table 1: Alternative CPFH Factors H ild eb ra nt (1 99 0) W al la ce (2 00 0) Ki le y (2 00 1) Py le s (2 00 3) La ub ac he r (2 00 4...Installation Law Enforcement ( LE ) Operations. Installation LE Operations includes enforcing federal, state and military law, enforcing installation

The Role of Communication in the French Judicial System

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Emmanuel Jeuland

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Communication has recently acquired a central role in the French judicial system. Being an integral part of the management of courts, it is crucial in building the image of justice, as it can affect procedural principles, in particular, the principles of impartiality and of reasonable time. A good image of justice promotes the appearance of efficiency and impartiality. Justice has not only to be fair, but also to be seen as such, according to the well-known proverb.

SA’s healthcare estate: a lean, green machine?

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

De Jager, Peta

2015-10-01

Full Text Available stream_source_info De Jager_2015.pdf.txt stream_content_type text/plain stream_size 3685 Content-Encoding UTF-8 stream_name De Jager_2015.pdf.txt Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 SA’s healthcare estate: a lean..., green machine? Peta de Jager The best time to plant a tree is twenty years ago, the second best time is now. - African Proverb Service delivery is profoundly affected by the built infrastructure provided to support...

Yorùbá Proverbs and Musicality Michael Olutayo Olatunji1 Abstract ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

performing arts, express a relationship between the musical instrument combination ... conceived without dancing nor African rhythm without drumming, nor the forms ..... the Almighty God, the creator of the universe, to save and deliver the just.

Lemmatisation of fixed expressions: The case of proverbs in ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

user

ing for foreign language learners to select the correct sense for a given context ..... dictionary does not only need to pay attention to the lexical items with refer- .... trees or being made as Christmas decorations by clicking the link to pictures.

Lope de Vega, in the short story crossroad: maxims and aphorisms in Novelas a Marcia Leonarda (1621 y 1624

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Emilio Blanco

2016-06-01

Full Text Available This article tries to explain the different political conception that emerges from the paratexts that precede the Novels to Marcia Leonarda. The references to “scientific men” and “aphorisms” in 1621 means that Lope first decided to follow tacitist ideas as a personal strategy to grow in the Court of the new King. The only mention of “maxims” in 1624, as well as in other preliminary Lope’s texts, indicates that he soon rejected the political and tacitist authors in order to return to traditional political theory.

Freeing Vuyazi: Orality and Women’s Subjectivity in Paulina Chiziane’s Fiction

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Meyre Ivone Santana da Silva

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Oral stories often maintain societal structures through the teaching of cultural norms. By bringing oral stories into her written text, Chiziane positions the elders as the resources of the village, the pillars, and the center of a fragmented world where things have started to change. As sites of memory, elder women establish a balance when the community needs to face modernity. However, as Chiziane deconstructs oral tales, she also subverts the colonial language. Here, I examine how the author utilizes a feminist and Africanist aesthetics, through oral tales, myths and proverbs often told by elder women, to reinvent the Portuguese language and literature while subverting myths and legends which reinforce gender hierarchies.

Los Refranes o Proverbios en Romance (1555, de Hernán Núñez, Pinciano

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Madroñal, Abraham

2002-06-01

Full Text Available The work tries to consider «Refranes o proverbios en romance» by Hernán Núñez, the Greek Commander, a peculiar work that appears in an important moment of the Spanish history and literature. It is also remarkable for being a posthumuous work because his author did not want to publish it in life or to leave it unknown. The study focus on the peculiarities of all type, from the purely linguistic ones to those which have to do with the literature, without forgetting the circunstances of the author and the relationships that this collection of proverbs has with other previous and later ones (Valles, Mal Lara, Correas, Spanish and foreigners. The work genesis, its originalilty and repercussion..., and the editions from the first to the last one (2001 are also studied. Hernán Núñez, Professor at Salamanca University, prestigious philologist at his time, publisher and translator of classical editions, decides to make a collection of proverbs at the end of his life, the most plentiful ever known. So that he does not mind using any procedure to get the proverbs: from buying them to his students to going to other compilations, hand-written or in progress. His relationship with the Erasmism and humanists of the age are shown in these pages which include clearly irreverent, anticlerical and scatological proverbs that shocked later writers.El trabajo pretende considerar la obra Refranes o proverbios en romance (1555 de Hernán Núñez, Comendador Griego, una obra curiosa que aparece en un momento crucial de la historia y de la literatura españolas. Se da la particularidad además de que es obra póstuma porque su autor no quiso que se publicara en vida, pero tampoco que quedara inédita. El estudio se centra en las peculiaridades de todo tipo, desde las puramente lingüísticas a las que tienen que ver con lo literario, sin dejar de considerar las circunstancias personales del autor y las relaciones que este refranero tiene con otros anteriores y

Nietzsche como destino da filosofia e da humanidade? interpretação contextual do § 1 do capítulo "por que sou um destino", de ecce homo

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Werner Stegmaier

2010-01-01

Full Text Available The following translation is a reduced and revised version of the paper Schicksal Nietzsche? Zu Nietzsches Selbsteinschätzung als Schicksal der Philosophie und der Menschheit (Ecce Homo, Warum ich ein Schicksal bin §1" - originally published in Nietzsche-Studien 37 (2008 - which was specially prepared to be presented in lecture organized by the Grupo de Pesquisa Spinoza & Nietzsche (Spinoza & Nietzsche research group - SpiN, in the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro's Federal University, on September 14, 2009. In the text, the autor employs his own philological-hermeneutical methodology, which is called contextual interpretation, in the purpose to clarify the concepts of the first aphorism from "Why I am a destiny", from Ecce Homo, in its own context, in the context of Ecce Homo and in the context of the entire work from Nietzsche.

Structural and aesthetic analysis of Nafast-ol-Masdoor

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Fereshteh Mahjoub

2016-12-01

The other conclusion is that the book is more the arena of the struggle of the editor and protagonist of this historical and social story. The struggles of the story are more physical ones; however, in most of the cases mental-physical struggles are seen simultaneously. Nafasat-Ol-Masdoor is worth thinking in two traditional (such as music and modern aesthetics (such as using Persian and Arabic proverbs, words dance, goodness of the beginning, twist, and developing vocabulary and describing which itself includes situation description, characters, accidents and events description and has many instances and the author’s insistence regarding being synthetic and stilted work, has itself caused creation of music types in his book and made his work rhythmic and full of melodious and exhilarating beauties.

“EM MESES DE INVERNEIRA, HISTÓRIAS À LAREIRA”: Provérbios e dizeres enquanto transmissores de valores culturais e de identidade

OpenAIRE

Sol, Hermínia

2010-01-01

Oral tradition is still looked down upon by academia as it is not yet considered fit to be either object or subject of scientific scrutiny. In an attempt to change this state of affairs, this article aims to reflect upon the role of proverbs and sayings as keepers of cultural and national values. As such, it will look into the didactic nature of these two communicational phenomena as a commitment to the cultures that have produced them. Borrowing from Durkheim and Vasina, it will explore the ...

Policy Pathways: Q and A Fact Sheet

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2010-07-01

There are two main messages for this series. First, with respect to energy efficiency, countries know what to do, but not necessarily how to do it. These Pathways try to fill this 'know-how' gap. Second, the IEA acknowledges that simply making recommendations to countries is not enough. We have made 25 energy efficiency policy recommendations, but we know that countries need assistance with how to implement them. We can reinterpret the proverb about teaching a man to fish. ''Give a country an energy efficiency recommendation, and you hold their attention for a day. Help a country to implement the recommendation, and you are more likely to launch energy savings that last for years.''

The Gull Sees Farthest Who Flies Highest

Science.gov (United States)

Pirri, Anthony N.

2005-04-01

The proverb from Richard Bach's book Jonathan Livingston Seagull expresses the theme that he in life who thinks and acts ahead of the flock lives live to the fullest and enjoys the freedom that is the very nature of being. This keynote address will give examples of three noted professionals who were not content to make small improvements in technology but strove to make giant leaps. Their work became the driving force for those of us who became their followers in seeking fulfillment from our professional lives.

A Study of Formulaic Language in Traditional Greek Tales and Its Cultural Implications in Language Teaching

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Smaragda PAPADOPOULOU

2016-01-01

Full Text Available In our study we examine teaching mother tongue through faire and folk tales from the perspectives of recognizing clichés in fairy tales and myths, idiomatic phrases which work as morals, proverbs and very specific phrases of traditional tales’. We suggest that formulaic language can be involved in children’s language games at school and become a methodological tool for innovative approaches in Language and Teaching especially at the primary education. We search the sources from Greek traditional tales that could serve as teaching material for this option of teaching formulaic language in mother tongue. Cultural and geographical implications of the examples applied are noted as a suggestion for further discussion.

The secret of the care of the patient is in knowing and applying the evidence about effective clinical communication.

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Frankel, R M; Sherman, H B

2015-11-01

American physicians and dentists conduct approximately 140 000-160 000 patient interviews in a practice lifetime, making the interview the most frequently performed medical procedure. Over the past 75 years, a steadily growing stream of scientific research has confirmed the fact that patient-clinician communication affects the course, direction, and both biomedical and functional outcomes of care. The field of clinical communication research has matured from anecdotes and aphorisms about 'bedside manner' to sophisticated randomized control trials and evidence-based outcomes that have been translated into reliable practice guidelines. Several key skills or habits of practice have been identified and studied in terms of their efficacy and effectiveness. These include the importance of agenda-setting, eliciting patients' perspectives about the nature of their ailments, communicating caring and concern, and testing for patient comprehension and agreement with proposed treatments. In addition to being effective, interpersonal communication can be deeply satisfying as well as offering a lower probability of law suits in the event of an adverse outcome. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

On Both Sides of the Portal: Gender Attitudes to the Conscription during Socialism

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I. Valev

2015-09-01

Full Text Available One widespread proverb in Bulgaria, knowing some different versions, says that: A man, who cannot passed conscription is not a man, A boy, who failed to enter military service is second-hand man, A man, who has not walked a soldier knows nothing. What exactly is conscription according to public understanding of the Bulgarians? What attitudes have the society to compulsory conscription? Frontier of what is the portal on the military unit? These and other questions related to conscription during socialism will be explored.

"As mulheres voam com seus maridos": a experiência da diáspora palestina e as relações de gênero

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Denise Fagundes Jardim

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Neste artigo, proponho uma reflexão sobre as relações de gênero e as formas de organização da experiência imigratória contemporânea no bojo da experiência diaspórica dos palestinos. Segundo um provérbio árabe, coletado em trabalho de campo, "as mulheres voam com seus maridos". A explicação se refere a um funcionamento peculiar da vida da família árabe que recebe as noras na unidade doméstica do marido, e, por conseguinte, essa unidade é também a do pai do marido. Foi através desse provérbio que tive acesso a um comentário nativo sobre o "ir e vir" de esposas da Palestina ou de outras cidades para residir na cidade do Chuí (RS e de lá para outras localidades. No mundo pós-colonial, as mulheres se converteram em potentes símbolos de identidade de sociedades e nações. As mulheres islâmicas e, em especial, as palestinas se encontram dentro desse debate ideológico sobre a integridade e autenticidade cultural. Essa fala proverbial nos dá acesso a diferentes pontos de vista sobre os dispositivos culturais que presidem esses fluxos e nos exige uma reflexão sobre as relações de gênero e o modo como analisamos o protagonismo das mulheres muçulmanas.This article proposes a reflection about gender relations and the forms of organization of contemporary Palestinian immigrants' experience. According to an Arabian proverb, collected during fieldwork, "the women fly with their husbands". The explanation refers to a kinship structure through which daughters-in-law come to live in the husband's father's domestic unit. This proverb reveals some aspects about the "coming and going" of Palestinian wives who reside or come from other localities to settle in Chui city. In the post-colonial era, women were converted in powerful identity symbols. Islamic women, specially Palestinians women, are part of a ideological debate about cultural integrity and authenticity. That proverb gives us access to different viewpoints on the cultural

BENTUK FUNGSI, DAN MAKNA KIAS DALAM JUDUL BERITA MAJALAH GATRA DAN PEMANFAATANNYA PADA PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA DI PGMI STAIN PONOROGO

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Yuentie Sova Puspidalia

2016-04-01

  Based on the research result, it revealed figurative language in the news titles ofGatra magazine in 2013 to 2015. The figurative language used was (1 a simile used as many as 5 times, (2 metaphor 23 times, (3 metonymy 25 times, (4 anthropomorphisms 25 times, (5 Symbolic 17 times, (6 hyperbole 21 times, (7 allegory 92 times, (8 periphrasis 25 times, (9 personification 22 times, (10 Innuendo, (11 sarcasm first time, (12 synecdoche 16 times, (13 synesthesia 9 times, and (14 proverb 2 times. Thus, the total of figurative words used in the headlines inGatra magazineon 2013 to 2015 are as many as 267 times consisting of 14 types of figurative language form. If it was ranged, the use of figurative language wasdominated with the allegory type that was 86 times. Next, it is followed with metaphor and metonymy, which appeared 23 times of use respectively. The third rank was the use ofperiphrasis that was about 22 times, personification 20 times, followedwith the forth rank that was synecdoche as many as 15 times. Then, the sequential low uses of figurative language were Innuendo and sarcasm only once, proverb 4 times, simile 5 times, and synesthesia 8 times. Meanwhile, the function varied from one type of figurative language to others. The use of figurative language was revealed to function variously, i.e.,to awaken, shorten, beautify, explain, illustrate, visualize,enliven and stressed.

In Search of Cultural Universals: Translation Universals. Case Studies

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Gabriela DIMA

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Knowledge of the world is disclosed under various shapes, among which language is the best representative. Specific to humans, it renders feelings and thoughts concerning different communication contexts where words become dynamic primitives endowed with meanings, which recreate themes and reconfigure space and time as universal coordinates. The main objective of the paper is to provide a tentative analysis of the way in which translation universals are manifest in translating proverbs and sayings in the short novels Popa Tanda (Pope Tanda and Moara cu Noroc (The Lucky Mill by Ioan Slavici.

Folk knowledge of invertebrates in Central Europe - folk taxonomy, nomenclature, medicinal and other uses, folklore, and nature conservation.

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Ulicsni, Viktor; Svanberg, Ingvar; Molnár, Zsolt

2016-10-11

There is scarce information about European folk knowledge of wild invertebrate fauna. We have documented such folk knowledge in three regions, in Romania, Slovakia and Croatia. We provide a list of folk taxa, and discuss folk biological classification and nomenclature, salient features, uses, related proverbs and sayings, and conservation. We collected data among Hungarian-speaking people practising small-scale, traditional agriculture. We studied "all" invertebrate species (species groups) potentially occurring in the vicinity of the settlements. We used photos, held semi-structured interviews, and conducted picture sorting. We documented 208 invertebrate folk taxa. Many species were known which have, to our knowledge, no economic significance. 36 % of the species were known to at least half of the informants. Knowledge reliability was high, although informants were sometimes prone to exaggeration. 93 % of folk taxa had their own individual names, and 90 % of the taxa were embedded in the folk taxonomy. Twenty four species were of direct use to humans (4 medicinal, 5 consumed, 11 as bait, 2 as playthings). Completely new was the discovery that the honey stomachs of black-coloured carpenter bees (Xylocopa violacea, X. valga) were consumed. 30 taxa were associated with a proverb or used for weather forecasting, or predicting harvests. Conscious ideas about conserving invertebrates only occurred with a few taxa, but informants would generally refrain from harming firebugs (Pyrrhocoris apterus), field crickets (Gryllus campestris) and most butterflies. We did not find any mythical creatures among invertebrate folk taxa. Almost every invertebrate species was regarded as basically harmful. Where possible, they were destroyed or at least regarded as worth eradicating. However, we could find no evidence to suggest any invertebrate species had suffered population loss as a result of conscious destruction. Sometimes knowledge pertaining to the taxa could have more

The Wall On Gladstone Avenue

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Pina MARCHESE

2012-12-01

Full Text Available "Since the house is on fire, Let us warm ourselves..." (Calabrian Proverb It all began in the village. We would wake up with the sun, we would rest our laboured bodies underneath the moon. Gli vecchi (old folks often told us: "In the end, all that will remain is our story. Nothing else really matters." This article "The Wall On Gladstone Avenue" will take you into a life of duality and how immigrants "press-on" to acquire knowledge and manifest meaning in a new land Canada.

A Quantitative Model for Assessing Visual Simulation Software Architecture

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2011-09-01

meets the definition of ‘commercial computer software”’ and provides six le - gal references. Because contractors are generally required to prefer...innovative ideas are shared. In this way innovation mirrors money in an old proverb that might be updated to read, “Innovation is like manure. Unless...NeedHeaders1 = 1 ; NeedHeaders2 = 1 ; F2KeysCount = 0 ; whi le ( ( g e t l i n e < F i l e 2 ) > 0 ) { # Reads each row o f t h e second f i l e i f

Optimal Collision Avoidance Trajectories for Unmanned/Remotely Piloted Aircraft

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2014-12-26

collocation method to solve this problem and then analyzes these results for di↵erent collision avoidance scenarios. iv To my beautiful “ Proverbs 31” wife... le ( d e g ) Optimal Control JOCA Baseline 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 N z Control time (sec) N z Optimal Control JOCA Baseline (b...Optimal Control JOCA Baseline (a) Trajectory Deviation 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 −20 −10 0 10 20 µ Control time (sec) a n g le ( d e g

A linguistic analysis of sexist statements by Janusz Korwin-Mikke

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Kamila Kuros

2011-06-01

Full Text Available In the following paper the author has performed a linguistic analysis of several chosen sexist remarks by Janusz Korwin-Mikke in order to prove how stereotypically women are regarded by the famous politician. This conservative man treats stereotypes as a proof of good order and fights to prevent women from trying to change what for thousands of years has given the general order and happiness for male sex and, in his opinion, for female sex. Significant for the author’s paper has been the importance of antifeminist’s texts within pragmatic and semantic aspect. The paper has concentrated on solely the linguistic aspect - in detail there have been discussed among other things: aphorisms and neologisms which are used by the controversial politician. In the paper the author has tried to prove that J. Korwin- Mikke’s language provokes and insults the opposite sex.

Vioxx redux - or how I learned to worry about industry-sponsored clinical trials.

Science.gov (United States)

Brophy, James M

2016-01-01

I read with interest Mark Wilson's recent article, "The New England Journal of Medicine: commercial conflict of interest and revisiting the Vioxx scandal". I believe this is an important contribution that underlines the aphorism "Those who don't know history are doomed to repeat it." As Vioxx is a seminal example, it is important to place it in its proper context, examining if this malfeasance extends beyond the VIGOR study. While the epicentre of this conflict of interest surely begins with the sponsor, I believe the following essay demonstrates that this wave of egregiously unethical behaviour can exist and be propagated only with the complicity of academic investigators, medical journals, a flawed peer-review system and an uncritical medical readership. Perhaps the most troubling is that the factors that coalesced into the Vioxx scandal are, if anything, more ubiquitous today, mandating increased vigilance to decrease the probability of "getting fooled" again.

Honesty and genuine happiness : Or why soft healers make stinking wounds (Dutch proverb)

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Torka, Nicole

2018-01-01

Genuine happiness is impossible without authentic concern for and corresponding behaviour towards the well-being of others. Such an incorporation of others into the self refers to a “democratic self” and the related regard for the common good. The author argues that the honesty of professionals who

Определение паремии (лингвистический аспект дефиниции)

OpenAIRE

Кацюба, Лариса

2013-01-01

Представлен анализ современных отечественных и зарубежных лексикографических источников, содержащих дефиниции понятий паремия и proverb. В результате сопоставления семантического наполнения терминов паремия и proverb уточнено определение паремии в общелингвистическом смысле....

CULTURAL ASPECTS IN TRANSLATION (A MULTICULTURAL PERSPECTIVE BASED ON ENGLISH, INDONESIAN, AND LOCAL LANGUAGES CONTEXTS

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Rudi Hartono

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Translation is an activity of transferring information from one language into another. In transferring the message, a translator not only renders a language form but also replaces a cultural content. Practically it is because translation itself an activity that involves at least two languages and two cultures (Toury in James: 2000. Translating the text that contains a cultural content and message is more difficult than translating an ordinary text that only has literal meanings. Cultural aspects that include in stereotypes, speech levels, pronouns, idioms, even in proverbs are things that can lead difficulties for translators to translate. He or she sometimes should look for the closest meaning in order the translation products can be accepted in the target language culture.

Skin pathology and medical prognosis in medieval Europe: the secrets of Hippocrates.

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Ackerman Smoller, L

2000-12-01

This article analyzes a medieval text known as The Secrets of Hippocrates. Neither secret (because of its wide circulation in manuscript and print) nor by Hippocrates, the work offered readers a means of offering a prognosis of impending death based on observable signs on the skin. Although the aphorisms that make up the text make little sense in a modern medical understanding, the Secrets of Hippocrates fits well within three medieval traditions: the tradition of secrets literature, the medieval medical tradition, and the tradition of medieval Christian views about the body. First, like other books of secrets, a genre to whose conventions the text closely adheres, the Secrets of Hippocrates offered a shortcut to socially useful knowledge: the ability to offer an accurate medical prognosis. Second, the treatise corresponded to the medieval physician's concern for the so-called nonnaturals, such as diet and exercise. Third, it fit with a medieval Christian notion that sickness and sin were related, as were sin and ugliness. Just as a leper's deformities were a window to his sinful soul, so skin pathologies could clue a medieval physician to the lethal disease hidden inside the body.

"The Path is Open": The Herskovitz Legacy. In African Narrative Analysis And Beyond.

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Joseph Yaï Olabiyi Babalola

2011-08-01

Full Text Available An unresolved tragedy is inherent in the task of translation. The translator knows that translation is at once impossible and necessary. That tragedy attains heroic proportions with anthropologists insofar as they are translators of entire cultures. Thus, anthropologists, at least the most honest and perceptive among them, are tragic heroes. This proposition became crystallized in my mind as an aphorism as I read the last sentence of Melville and Frances Herskovits's lengthy and challenging introduction to their Dahomean Narrative: “As spoken forms, the stories should preferably be read aloud.” It is not by chance that this sentence concludes 122 pages of substantial analytical discourse in cultural anthropology. I see it as an impassioned call upon readers to displace themselves, as an invitation to leave their own world and inhabit the Fon cultural world. We are invited to read aloud, in English, Fon texts of various genres that were supposed to have been performed orally, then translated into French by Dahomean interpreters, and finally translated into English by the anthropologist authors. Only a hero indeed could cross so many borders.

THE ROLE OF HOLIDAY IN CHILDREN EDUCATION / ÇOCUK EĞĐTĐMĐNDE BAYRAMLARIN ROLÜ

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Eldeniz ABBASLI

2008-05-01

Full Text Available This article is based on the celebration of the national holidays inAzerbaycan. One of these holidays is "Nevruz". Generally "Nevruz" is thesymbol of coming Spring not only in Azerbaycan but most of the countries of theworld. But in Azerbaycan, people celebratethis holiday traditionally. Here the children, students as well as the little childrenprepare for this celebration with great pleasure. They learn more proverbs,riddles, stories, dances, songs in order to take an active part in the celebration of"Nevruz". Such preparatiopns improve the knowledge of the children.

Esperanto Phraseology

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Sabine Fiedler

2015-04-01

Full Text Available The contribution deals with the phrasicon of Esperanto, i.e. the inventory of idioms, phrases, proverbs, catchphrases and other items of pre-fabricated speech that are stored in speakers' mental lexicon. On the basis of origins, Esperanto phraseology can be classified into three groups: First, many phraseological units have entered the language through various other languages. This group includes classical loan translations especially from the Bible as well as ad-hoc loans introduced by speakers from their mother tongues more or less spontaneously. Secondly, there is a group of planned, i.e. consciously created, phraseological units. They mainly go back to Zamenhof, the initiator of the language, who published an Esperanto Proverb Collection (Proverbaro Esperanta in 1910. Thirdly, there are phraseological units which have their origin in the language and the cultural life of the speech community. The paper will show that the planned language Esperanto, with its agglutinative character, free word order and flexible word formation, possesses the prerequisites for creating stylistically appealing and catchy phraseological units. An analysis of literary and journalistic texts as well as oral communication in Esperanto reveals that its phraseology is widely used and that authors like to modify phrases and idioms according to the textual situation. The use of phraseological units proves that Esperanto is a living language. Phraseology can be considered a criterion for assessing the successful development of the planned language system from a project to a full-fledged language. It demonstrates the complexity of Esperanto culture.

African Indigenous Proverbs and the Question of Youth Violence: Making the Case for the Use of the Teachings of Igbo of Nigeria and Kiembu of Kenya Proverbs for Youth Character and Moral Education

Science.gov (United States)

Dei, George Sefa

2013-01-01

The historic and contemporary global concern over youth violence and indiscipline/subordination in schools has educators, school administrators and policy makers working hard to ensure that schools are welcoming and safe spaces for learners. Social harmony can only be achieved by understanding and addressing the causes of youth violence and…

Planning for giving

Science.gov (United States)

Whitten, Charles A.

This ancient Chinese proverb stresses the importance of the role of AGU in the field of continuing education. When the Committee on Financial Resources made the recommendation that the Union should be on a firmer basis and the Council approved the 5-year fund drive, the vision was toward the future—decades at least—and far beyond ‘rice’ and ‘trees.’A large percentage of AGU members contribute regularly and liberally to their alma maters. This financial support to universities and colleges is essential. The donors are well rewarded with the knowledge that their gifts are to be used for education.

Using English and French Proverbs as Comparative Pairs to Teach the Terminal Junctures

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Yurtbasi, Metin

2013-01-01

Junctures are pauses used in speech separating thought-groups from one another in order to give the listener time to digest the utterance to signal the end. Where junctures are present, hearers find it easier to understand what is said as they are able to discern the individual words between such verbal breaks. Junctures being universal…

Telltale signs of patient-centered diagnosis.

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Millenson, Michael L

2014-01-01

A best-selling book from the mid-1980s was entitled, All I Really Need to Know I Learned in Kindergarten. Some doctors may similarly feel that well-worn epigrams from Hippocrates, Osler and others have told them all they really need to know about patient-centered care. The problem is that aphorisms and action are not one and the same. The workup for patient-centered diagnosis takes work, and there are telltale signs along the way. Effective patient engagement requires training and practice. It means incorporating patient-generated data into the diagnostic process. And it means being sensitive to new economic constraints on patients. Ensuring that diagnostic processes and decisions meet the test of patient-centeredness poses a challenge. The new criteria do not replace the professional obligation of beneficence; rather they add an additional obligation of power sharing. While that is neither simple nor easy, it promises better care for patients, a more satisfying clinical encounter and a better health care system for all.

Determining Snow Depth Using Airborne Multi-Pass Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar

Science.gov (United States)

2013-09-01

Snow Water Equivalent xxiii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS An intelligent heart acquires knowledge, and the ear of the wise seeks knowledge. ( Proverbs 18:15...the phase and elevation. y = 2.3575x + 4.8809 R² = 0.9386 0 2 4 6 8 10 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 E le va tio n D ev ia tio n (m et er s) Phase...5 6 7 8 9 10 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 E le va tio n D ev ia tio n (m et er s) Phase Deviation (radians) Phase to Elevation Linear Regression

Principles of physics from quantum field theory to classical mechanics

CERN Document Server

Jun, Ni

2014-01-01

This book starts from a set of common basic principles to establish the formalisms in all areas of fundamental physics, including quantum field theory, quantum mechanics, statistical mechanics, thermodynamics, general relativity, electromagnetic field, and classical mechanics. Instead of the traditional pedagogic way, the author arranges the subjects and formalisms in a logical-sequential way, i.e. all the formulas are derived from the formulas before them. The formalisms are also kept self-contained. Most of the required mathematical tools are also given in the appendices. Although this book covers all the disciplines of fundamental physics, the book is concise and can be treated as an integrated entity. This is consistent with the aphorism that simplicity is beauty, unification is beauty, and thus physics is beauty. The book may be used as an advanced textbook by graduate students. It is also suitable for physicists who wish to have an overview of fundamental physics. Readership: This is an advanced gradua...

Environmental Governance as a Model of Environmental Management

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Budi Kristianto

2016-02-01

Full Text Available The concept of environmental governance does not promise practical solutions and provides short guidance in solving intertwined environmental problems in Indonesia. But at least environmental concept is useful when we try to realize environmental management in Indonesia currently. The worst is that the mistake has become routine manifesting in pragmatism in environmental management. Before it all too late, it is better that we keep in mind a German proverb in the beginning of this writing, which more or less, means “ we do not know what the future brings, but we know that we should act.”

Buru Babi: Politik Identitas Laki-laki Minangkabau

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Zainal Arifin

2012-08-01

Full Text Available Minangkabau is widely known for its matrilineal system. One of the matrilineal values is the man (sumando that positioned as marginal. Sumando is a stranger in his wife's family, as shown in the traditional proverb saying like ashes on the stump (seperti abu di atas tunggul. This position is not profitable, so they have to negotiate with the woman as a "ruler" to strengthen their "masculine identity". This article argues that pig hunting is a media of the identity politics of Minangkabau’s men in establishing and strengthening their identity in the domination matriarchal of the Minangkabau.

The teacher-disciple tradition and secret teaching in Chinese medicine.

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Solos, Ioannis; Liang, Yuan; Yue, Guang-xin

2014-01-01

The ancient teacher-disciple tradition is regarded as one of the most celebrated practices within the Chinese medicine world. Such traditions of secrecy, private wisdom and honor are deeply rooted in the theories of Confucianism. This paper only explores the surface of this ancient culture, by investigating relevant popular ancient texts and common Chinese proverbs, as well as utilizing personal experiences, in order to reflect on how the ancient Chinese perceived such practices within their own society and how secret teaching was passed on from teacher to student, including the revelation of secret formulas and their importance and how that tradition differs from our modern-day perspectives. Various rare manuscripts from the author's personal library are employed in order to provide relative examples of the importance of secret knowledge, and how these secrets applied in the traditional healing.

Climate Change: Past, Present, and Future

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Chapman, David S.; Davis, Michael G.

2010-09-01

Questions about global warming concern climate scientists and the general public alike. Specifically, what are the reliable surface temperature reconstructions over the past few centuries? And what are the best predictions of global temperature change the Earth might expect for the next century? Recent publications [National Research Council (NRC), 2006; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2007] permit these questions to be answered in a single informative illustration by assembling temperature reconstructions of the past thousand years with predictions for the next century. The result, shown in Figure 1, illustrates present and future warming in the context of natural variations in the past [see also Oldfield and Alverson, 2003]. To quote a Chinese proverb, “A picture's meaning can express ten thousand words.” Because it succinctly captures past inferences and future projections of climate, the illustration should be of interest to scientists, educators, policy makers, and the public.

Linguoculturological Analysis of Woman's Image in the Proverbs and Sayings of the Dagestan Languages

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Gasanova, Marina; Magomedova, Patimat; Gasanova, Salminat

2016-01-01

The article is devoted to linguoculturological description of woman's image in the proverbial worldview of the Dagestan languages. The analysis of proverbial expressions revealed androcentric bias of the Dagestan paroemiological worldview where woman, as a rule, appears for an object: mainly for mother, daughter, bride, and wife/mistress. The…

In a manner of speaking phrases, expressions, and proverbs and how we use and misuse them

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McNairn, Colin

2015-01-01

What do “the whole kit and caboodle," “the whole shebang," “the whole megillah," “the whole enchilada," “the whole nine yards," “the whole box and dice," and “the full Monty" have in common? They're all expressions that mean “the entire quantity," and they're all examples of the breadth and depth of the English-speaking world's vocabulary. From the multitude of words and phrases in daily use, the author of this delightful exploration into what we say and why we say it zeroes in on those expressions and sayings and their variations that are funny, quirky, just plain folksy, or playfully dressed up in rhyme or alliteration. Some may have become clichés that, as it's said with “tongue in cheek," should be “avoided like the plague." Others have been distorted, deemed politically incorrect, or shrouded in mystery and must bear some explanation. Among the topics the author delves into are expressions that shouldn't be taken literally (“dressed to kill" and “kick the bucket"), foreign expressions that c...

Team networking in palliative care

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Odette Spruyt

2011-01-01

Full Text Available "If you want to travel quickly, go alone. But if you want to travel far, you must go together". African proverb. The delivery of palliative care is often complex and always involves a group of people, the team, gathered around the patient and those who are close to them. Effective communication and functional responsive systems of care are essential if palliative care is to be delivered in a timely and competent way. Creating and fostering an effective team is one of the greatest challenges for providers of palliative care. Teams are organic and can be life giving or life sapping for their members.

Team Networking in Palliative Care

Science.gov (United States)

Spruyt, Odette

2011-01-01

“If you want to travel quickly, go alone. But if you want to travel far, you must go together”. African proverb. The delivery of palliative care is often complex and always involves a group of people, the team, gathered around the patient and those who are close to them. Effective communication and functional responsive systems of care are essential if palliative care is to be delivered in a timely and competent way. Creating and fostering an effective team is one of the greatest challenges for providers of palliative care. Teams are organic and can be life giving or life sapping for their members. PMID:21811361