Success and anomy of the corporal

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Larisa Viktorovna Efimova

2015-11-01

Full Text Available The success and its anomichny manifestation in modern society becomes object of research of article. The success represents material prosperity and high position of the person in society, but ways of its achievement connected with knowledge, professionalism, working capacity, ability to make decisions and creativity are held back, negatively affecting interpretative practicians of a phenomenon mass consciousness. In the most Russian society the anomichnost of a state in which the dialectic interrelation of its social and individual modes is highlighted is found today. The anomy acts as an indicator of a mismatch of the purposes and standards of life, causing violations traditional, standard правовового, axiological. And individual acts as the most indicative illustration of an anomichnost of the social corporal as a component of modern success. The corporality is located in a discourse sexual today that involves artificial transformations of a body and as a result brings to a body/corporality razjyatiya from the owner. The success anomichnost situation by means of corporal transformations demands revival reflexive, traditional, moral and legal, restrictions manipulative the practician of mass media.

'Dreams don't come true in Eritrea': anomie and family disintegration due to the structural militarisation of society

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Hirt, Nicole; Mohammad, Abdulkader Saleh

2013-01-01

This article analyses contemporary Eritrea's acute crisis within the framework of the theory of anomie. It is based on the hypothesis that militarisation, forced labour, mass exodus and family disintegration can be interpreted as the consequences of two incompatible norm and value systems: the collectivist, nationalistic and militaristic worldview of the former liberation front and ruling party People's Front for Democracy and Justice (PFDJ), and the traditional cultural system of Eritrea's s...

“Dreams Don’t Come True in Eritrea”: Anomie and Family Disintegration due to the Structural Militarization of Society

OpenAIRE

Nicole Hirt

2010-01-01

This article analyzes contemporary Eritrea's acute crisis within the framework of the theory of anomie. It is based on the hypothesis that militarization, forced labor, mass exodus, and family disintegration can be interpreted as the consequences of two incompatible norm and value systems: the collectivist, nationalistic, and militaristic worldview of the former liberation front and ruling party People's Front for Democracy and Justice (PFDJ), and the traditional cultural system of Eritrea's ...

Is the Market Eroding Moral Norms? A Micro-analytical Validation of Some Ideas of Anomie Theory

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Eckhard Burkatzki

2008-11-01

Full Text Available Anomie theorists have been reporting the suppression of shared welfare orientations by the overwhelming dominance of economic values within capitalist societies since before the outset of neoliberalism debate. Obligations concerning common welfare are more and more often subordinated to the overarching aim of realizing economic success goals. This should be especially valid with for social life in contemporary market societies. This empirical investigation examines the extent to which market imperatives and values of the societal community are anchored within the normative orientations of market actors. Special attention is paid to whether the shape of these normative orientations varies with respect to the degree of market inclusion. Empirical analyses, based on the data of a standardized written survey within the German working population carried out in 2002, show that different types of normative orientation can be distinguished among market actors. These types are quite similar to the well-known types of anomic adaptation developed by Robert K. Merton in “Social Structure and Anomie” and are externally valid with respect to the prediction of different forms of economic crime. Further analyses show that the type of normative orientation actors adopt within everyday life depends on the dregree of market inclusion. Confirming anomie theory, it is shown that the individual willingness to subordinate matters of common welfare to the aim of economic success—radical market activism—gets stronger the more actors are included in the market sphere. Finally, the relevance of reported findings for the explanation of violent behavior, especially with view to varieties of corporate violence, is discussed.

Advancing institutional anomie theory: a microlevel examination connecting culture, institutions, and deviance.

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Muftić, Lisa R

2006-12-01

Institutional anomie theory (IAT) contends that crime can be explained by an examination of American society, particularly the exaggerated emphasis on economic success inherent in American culture, which has created a "cheating orientation" that permeates structural institutions, including academia. Consistent with its macrosocial perspective, previous tests of IAT have examined IAT variables at the structural level only. The current study tests the robustness of IAT by operationalizing IAT variables at the individual level and looking at a minor form of deviance, student cheating. The author also examines the role statistical modeling has in testing the theory at the microlevel. Undergraduates, 122 American born and 48 international, were surveyed about their cheating behaviors and adherence to economic goal orientations. Results related to the hypothesis that American students, relative to foreign-born students, will have an increased adherence to economic goal orientations that increase cheating behaviors are presented, as are suggestions for future studies.

Under the Background of “Internet +” the Social Anomie and Governance Plan in Chinese Modernization Process

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Jiang Yundong

2017-01-01

Full Text Available During the reform and opening up in China, which appeared political anomie, values astray inevitably, and so on. To achieve the current benign social governance, the rule of law need to improve the Chinese characteristics of the socialist system, to promote the growth of the rule of law; which is need to improve socialism with Chinese characteristics system of moral standards to guide members of the community to actively Pursuits socialist core values; innovation and social governance mechanism, vigorously develop modern new social organizations; and which is need to explore the implementation of “Internet + supervision” mode, the innovation market regulatory approach, innovation in public service delivery.

THE «COLOR REVOLUTIONS» IN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIO-CULTURAL ANOMIE: SYMPTOMS OF DEVIATIONS IN THE SOCIALIZATION OF THE MODERN CITIZEN

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Stepan Gennadevich Chukhin

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Purpose: the article analyzes the nature, characteristics and causes of socio-cultural anomie. We study the symptoms of deviations in the socialization of the modern citizen.Methodology: prediction.Results: the article analyzes the role of destructive social movements that use the techno-logy of «color revolutions» for the devaluation of civic traditions in modern citizen socialization.Practical implications: materials article may be of interest to researchers of the theory of civic education.

PERCEPCIONES DE BIENESTAR SOCIAL, ANOMIA, INTERÉS E IMPOTENCIA POLÍTICA EN RELACIÓN CON LAS ACTITUDES HACIA LA DEMOCRACIA/ PERCEPTIONS OF SOCIAL WELL-BEING, ANOMIE, POLITICAL INTEREST AND POWERLESSNESS IN RELATION WITH ATTITUDES TOWARDS DEMOCRACY

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Yunuen Ochoa Madrigal***

2011-04-01

Full Text Available RESUMENEste estudio empírico de corte transversal pone a prueba el supuesto de que las percepciones de bienestar social,anomia, interés político e impotencia política condicionan las actitudes hacia la democracia. Se tomó el modelo de cincodimensiones de Keyes (1998 para medir el bienestar social y se midió el constructo anomia desde la perspectiva psicosocialde Srole (1956. La muestra conformada por 568 sujetos mayores de edad de diferentes estados de México contestó unabatería que contenía cuatro cuestionarios: La Escala de Actitudes hacia la Democracia de Morales, Las Escalas de BienestarSocial de Keyes, La Escala de Anomia de Srole, La adaptación al español de la Escala de Impotencia Política y un ítem devalor único sobre Interés por la Política tomado de la Encuesta Social Europea 2006. Las correlaciones de bienestar social einterés por la política son positivas para la aceptación de la democracia. Los resultados muestran que a mayor percepciónde anomia e impotencia política mayor rechazo de la democracia.ABSTRACTThis empirical and transversal paper tests the hypothesis that perceived social well-being, anomie, political interest, andpolitical powerlessness condition attitudes towards democracy. We adopted the Keyes' five-dimension model to measuresocial well-being and the Srole's (1956 psychosocial perspective for anomie. A sample of 568 legally adult subjects ofdifferent states of Mexico filled out a battery containing four questionnaires: Morales' Attitudes Towards Democracy Scale,Keyes' Social Well-being Scales, Srole Anomie Scale, an adaptation into Spanish language of The Powerlessness Scale, andone item of unique value for Political Interest taken from the 2006 European Social Survey. Correlations between social wellbeing,political interest and acceptance of democracy were positives. Results show that higher perception of anomie andpolitical powerlessness indicates more rejection of democracy.

UNDERSTANDING THE DEVALUATION OF VULNERABLE GROUPS: A NOVEL APPLICATION OF INSTITUTIONAL ANOMIE THEORY

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Groß, Eva M.; Zick, Andreas; Messner, Steven F.

2015-01-01

Prejudices legitimize the discrimination against groups by declaring them to be of unequal, especially of less, worth. This legitimizing power is highly relevant in social conflicts of modern societies that are governed by market-oriented value systems. However, prejudice research has yet to be linked to sociological discourses on the marketization of society. We argue that Institutional Anomie Theory (IAT), a theory originally developed to explain crime rates, offers a fruitful macro-sociological framework for a better understanding of micro-social prejudices that emerge along with processes of marketization. Extending IAT to explain prejudices in a German study based on survey data offers a first attempt to underpin our theoretical hypotheses with empirical data. Although the results need to be interpreted with due caution, they suggest that the extended IAT model can be usefully applied to explain how a marketized mentality is related to different forms of institutional integration, and how it is conducive to specific prejudices that emerge in market-dominated societies against purported economically burdening social groups. PMID:26004470

Understanding the devaluation of vulnerable groups: A novel application of Institutional Anomie Theory.

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Hövermann, Andreas; Groß, Eva M; Zick, Andreas; Messner, Steven F

2015-07-01

Prejudices legitimize the discrimination against groups by declaring them to be of unequal, especially of less, worth. This legitimizing power is highly relevant in social conflicts of modern societies that are governed by market-oriented value systems. However, prejudice research has yet to be linked to sociological discourses on the marketization of society. We argue that Institutional Anomie Theory (IAT), a theory originally developed to explain crime rates, offers a fruitful macro-sociological framework for a better understanding of micro-social prejudices that emerge along with processes of marketization. Extending IAT to explain prejudices in a German study based on survey data offers a first attempt to underpin our theoretical hypotheses with empirical data. Although the results need to be interpreted with due caution, they suggest that the extended IAT model can be usefully applied to explain how a marketized mentality is related to different forms of institutional integration, and how it is conducive to specific prejudices that emerge in market-dominated societies against purported economically burdening social groups. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Social Structural Effects on the Level and Development of the Individual Experience of Anomie in the German Population

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Eldad Davidov

2008-11-01

Full Text Available Can one observe an increasing level of individual lack of orientation because of rapid social change in modern societies? This question is examined using data from a representative longitudinal survey in Germany conducted in 2002–04. The study examines the role of education, age, sex, region (east/west, and political orientation for the explanation of anomia (micro level and its development. First we present the different sources of anomie in modern societies, based on the theoretical foundations of Durkheim and Merton, and introduce the different definitions of anomia, including our own cognitive version. Then we deduce several hypotheses from the theory, which we test by means of longitudinal data for the period 2002–04 in Germany using the latent growth curve model as our statistical method. The empirical findings show that all the sociodemographic variables, including political orientation, are strong predictors of the initial level of anomia. Regarding the development of anomia (macro level over time (2002–04, only the region (west has a significant impact. In particular, the results of a multi-group analysis show that people from West-Germany with a right-wing political orientation become more anomic over this period. The article concludes with some theoretical implications.

„Die kriminelle Frau“ – ein „Anwendungsfall“ für die Anomietheorie? “The Criminal Woman”—A “Practice Case” for the Anomy Theory

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Gabriele Schmölzer

2008-07-01

Full Text Available Die von der Verfasserin vorgenommene Bearbeitung der Anomietheorie des Soziologen Robert K. Merton zielt darauf ab, „relevante Unterschiede zwischen Frauen und Männern zu finden, die den unterschiedlichen Anteil der Geschlechter bei der registrierten Kriminalität erklären können“ (S. 223. Dies gelingt insofern, als sie strukturelle Variablen herausarbeiten kann, die per se die Wahrscheinlichkeit von strafbarem Verhalten erhöhen. Das Geschlecht spielt dabei (nur insofern eine Rolle, als der Frauenanteil in der besonders kriminalitätsgefährdeten Personengruppe geringer ist.This treatment of sociologist Robert K. Merton’s anomy theory intends to “find relevant differences between women and men that could explain the uneven proportion of the sexes in registered criminal offenses” (p. 223. This succeeds insofar as the author is able to determine structural variables that could raise the possibility of criminal activity. Gender plays (only a role inasmuch as the proportion of women is lower in those groups of people that are particularly at risk of engaging in criminal activity.

Informal institutions and radical ideologies under institutional transformation

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Irina Starodubrovskaya

2015-06-01

Full Text Available This article questions one of the central postulates of institutional economic theory, i.e., that of the sustainability and purely evolutionary changes of informal institutions. To study the phenomenon of the destruction of informal institutions and its consequences, we use the tools of sociological theory, which acknowledge that a period of intensive urbanization is characterized by anomie, i.e., a lack of norms, in which traditional institutions are destroyed, while new urban institutions have not yet taken shape. We reviewed the possible reactions of communities and individuals to the conditions of anomie, including the compensatory mechanisms of ideologies. In the case of the Dagestan Republic, we show how the proliferation of fundamentalist Islamic ideology is associated with the state of anomie and the consequences to which it could lead from an institutional point of view. The analysis of the situation in Dagestan is based on long-term field research conducted in the region.

Ethos without nomos: the Russian–Georgian War and the post-Soviet state of exception

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Sergei Prozorov

2010-11-01

Full Text Available This paper addresses the 2008 Russian–Georgian conflict in the context of the post-Soviet spatial order, approached in terms of Carl Schmitt's theory of nomos and Giorgio Agamben's theory of the state of exception. The ‘five-day war’ was the first instance of the violation by Russia of the integrity of the post-Soviet spatial order established in the Belovezha treaties of December 1991. While from the beginning of the postcommunist period Russia functioned as the restraining force in the post-Soviet realm, the 2008 war has made further recourse to this function impossible, plunging the post-Soviet space into the condition of anomie, or the state of exception. This paper interprets this disruptive policy in the post-Soviet space as the continuation of the domestic political process of the ‘management of anomie,’ which has characterized the entire postcommunist period. In the conclusion, we address the implications of the transformation of the international order into the ethos of anomie for rethinking the ethical dimension of global politics.

Prospective effect of community distress and subcultural orientation on mortality following life-threatening diseases in later life.

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Wen, Ming; Christakis, Nicholas A

2006-07-01

We conducted a prospective and contextual study to examine the effects of community social-economic-physical distress and subcultural orientation on mortality following onset of 13 life-threatening diseases in later life. We also examined the inter-relationship between the effects of community social, economic and physical distress (i.e. poverty, physical disorder and low collective efficacy) and subcultural orientation (i.e. anomie and tolerance of risk behaviour) on the survival chances of seriously ill older patients. Three data sources were combined to construct the working sample: 1990 Census data, the 1994-95 PHDCN-CS, and the COSI data. Fifty-one ZIP code areas in Chicago and 12,672 elderly patients were studied. Community distress (HR = 1.04; 95% CI = (1.01, 1.07)) and anomie (HR = 1.26; 95% CI = (1.02, 1.54)) are found to be significantly and positively associated with a higher hazard of death. Moreover, community anomie contributes to the effect of community distress on post-hospitalisation mortality. The social, economic, physical and cultural environment in which people live appears to exert a significant impact on whether older people facing life-threatening illness live or die.

Anomia y Alienación en Estudiantes Secundarios de Santiago de Chile: Resultados Iniciales de un Estudio Comparativo 1989-2007 Anomie and Alienation in High School Students in Santiago of Chile: Initial Results of a Comparative Research Study 1989-2007

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Roberto Aceituno

2009-11-01

Full Text Available Se presentan los avances de un estudio sobre percepción de integración social y normativa en estudiantes de cuarto año de educación media de Santiago (N = 343. Se analizan los resultados de un cuestionario sobre anomia y alienación psicosocial, validado en un estudio análogo realizado en 1989. La replicación en 2007 contribuye a la caracterización de la experiencia de integración social y normativa en los jóvenes de hoy, así como al análisis de sus transformaciones casi 20 años después. Los resultados muestran que no existe una clara diferencia en los niveles de anomia y alienación, respecto a los de 1989.In a sample of Chilean students in their last year of high school (N = 343 anomie and psychosocial alienation were measured with a questionnaire validated in an analogous study done in 1989. This study compared the results of 1989 with those of 2007. This comparison contributes to the psychosocial characterization of social and normative integration experiences of Chilean youth today, and to the analysis of their transformations approximately 20 years later. The results show that there is not a clear difference in the social and normative integration levels in the studied youth, with respect to those of 1989.

The Best Way to Rob a Bank

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Aleksandar Marsavelski

2018-03-01

Full Text Available Cohen and Machalek’s (1988 evolutionary ecological theory of crime explains why obscure forms of predation can be the most lucrative. Sutherland explained that it is better to rob a bank at the point of a pen than of a gun. The US Savings and Loans scandal of the 1980s suggested ‘the best way to rob a bank is to own one’. Lure constituted by the anomie of warfare and transition to capitalism in former Yugoslavia revealed that the best way to rob a bank is to control the regulatory system: that is, to control a central bank. This makes possible theft of all the people’s money in a society. The criminological imagination must attune to anomie created by capitalism, and to the evolutionary ecology of lure.

Contemplated Suicide Among Voluntary and Involuntary Retirees

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Peretti, Peter O.; Wilson, Cedric

1978-01-01

This study explored anomic and egoistic dimensions of contemplated suicide among voluntary and involuntary retired males. Results indicated a direct relationship between anomie and egoism on the one hand, and contemplation of suicide on the other. (Author)

SELF SYSTEMS, ANOMIE AND SELF ESTEEM,

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The perceived social self and the ratings of the Dymond Scale were used as measures of selfesteem. As hypothesized, on both measures of self - esteem System...3, 4 and 2. Thus persons functioning in terms of the more abstract level of System 4 were higher in self - esteem than were Ss of the other systems...addition to showing that self - esteem does not depend on internalization of or adherence to dominant social norms, these results were interpreted as

Paranormal Beliefs and Their Implications in University Students from Finland and the United States.

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Tobacyk, Jerome J.; Pirttila-Backman, Anna-Maija

1992-01-01

Compares 117 Finnish and 351 southern U.S. college students for the following: (1) paranormal beliefs; (2) personality adjustment constructs (anomie, death concerns, alienation, and death threat); and (3) relationships between the beliefs and constructs. The secularization process, further advanced in Finland than the United States, moderates…

Os níveis de desenvolvimento socioeconômico da população da Amazônia brasileira: 1970 e 1980 Levels of socioeconomic development in the Brazilian Amazon: 1970 and 1980

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Archibald O. Haller

2000-09-01

Full Text Available O artigo discute uma tipologia das áreas de fronteira na Amazônia brasileira e a relevância do conceito de fronteira para o estudo da emergência de anomia social nessas áreas. Propõe correlação positiva entre mudança social acelerada e fatos sociais anômicos, diluição de famílias, criminalidade, violência etc. Apresenta escores dos níveis de desenvolvimento socioeconômico per capita (DSE/kmu das populações de todos os municípios da Amazônia Legal para 1970 e 1980, e conclui que os escores de 327 dos 329 municípios estudados cresceram, o que indica a melhora das condições de vida da população regional, contradizendo a hipótese, comum na literatura, de disrupção social na Amazônia brasileira. Assim, a anomia deve ser esperada com a mudança acelerada. Fatos anômicos não desmentem as melhoras socioeconômicas.The text presents a typology of the different frontier areas within the Brazilian Amazon today and discusses the relevance of the concept of frontier in studying the emergence of social anomie in those areas. It suggests there is a positive correlation between the processes of accelerated social change characteristic of such areas and signs of social anomie, such as the loosening of family and personal ties, increased crime and violence, deterioration of the public order, etc. Per capita levels of socioeconomic development (DSE/kmu were measured among people residing in all municipalities within the administrative region known as Amazônia Legal, for 1970 and 1980. Growth in the scores of 327 of the 329 municipalities under study indicates a strong trend towards improvement of living conditions for the region’s residents. This contradicts the hypothesis found in most of the analytical literature, which contends that the Brazilian Amazon has been stage to social disruption or stagnation. The text argues that anomie is to be expected in situations of accelerated social change, where people, values, and identities

Between Bethan and Me: A Dialogue on the Uncertain Promise of Education, Precarious Employment and What It Means to Be Productive

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Low, Remy Yi Siang

2014-01-01

The experience of precarious employment is growing across the occupational spectrum and some scholars have predicted that there will be a corresponding rise in anger, anomie, anxiety and alienation amongst those affected. Exploring more intimately how precarity might be differently experienced and confronted, this paper bases itself on a dialogue…

The Effect of Communicative Impediments on Interpersonal Attachment and Deviance

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Richardson, Nick J.; Barnum, Christopher C.

2010-01-01

This article introduces a theory describing the relationship between factors that increase social isolation and deviance. The theory is examined in the context of virtual visitation. We integrate social exchange, anomie, and strain theories to argue that as communication is impeded between two actors, the less satisfied either will be with the…

644-IJBCS-Article-Dr Thiery B C Alavo

African Journals Online (AJOL)

DR GATSING

Ce criquet était abondant dans le champ et se nourrit des feuilles de H. suaveolens. Les jeunes plants étaient complètement détruits par ce ravageur qui consomme entièrement toutes les premières feuilles et le bourgeon terminal. Anomis (Cosmophila) flava (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Les chenilles de cette espèce se.

NOTAS SOBRE TUTAMEIA­

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Danielle Corpas

2012-07-01

Full Text Available In Tutameia, watchwords of modernizing order and sociability shaped by the Brazilian proslavery past are overlapped. This article focuses on narratives from Guimarães Rosa´s last book, in which we find clear relationships between, on one hand, anomy and patriarchal customs, and on the other, resources, mentality and aesthetics apparently confronted with these customs.

Motherhood and the "Madness of Hunger": "...Want Almal Vra vir My vir 'n Stukkie Brood" ("...Because Everyone Asks Me for a Little Piece of Bread").

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Kruger, Lou-Marié; Lourens, Marleen

2016-03-01

It is widely assumed that the social and economic conditions of poverty can be linked to common mental disorders in low-, middle- and high-income countries. Despite the considerable increase in quantitative studies investigating the link between poverty and mental health, the nature of the connection between poverty and emotional well-being/distress is still not fully comprehended. In this qualitative study, exploring how one group of Coloured South African women, diagnosed with depression and residing in a semi-rural low-income South African community, subjectively understand and experience their emotional distress, data was collected by means of in-depth semi-structured interviews and social constructionist grounded theory was used to analyse the data. We will attempt to show (1) that the depressed women in this group of respondents frequently refer to the emotional distress caused by hungry children and (2) that the emotional distress described by the respondents included emotions typically associated with depression (such as sadness, hopelessness and guilt), but also included emotions not necessarily associated with depression (such as anxiety, anger and anomie). In our attempt to understand (both psychologically and politically) the complex emotional response of mothers to their children's hunger, we argue that powerful gender and neo-liberal discourses within which mothers are interpellated to care for children, and more specifically, to make sure that children are not hungry, mean that the mothers of hungry children felt that they were not fulfilling their responsibilities and thus felt guilty and ashamed. This shame seemed, in turn, to lead to anger and/or anomie, informing acting out behaviours ranging from verbal and physical aggression to passive withdrawal. A vicious cycle of hunger, sadness and anxiety, shame, anger and anomie, aggression and withdrawal, negative judgement, and more shame, are thus maintained. As such, the unbearable rebukes of hungry

The Logic of Action and Regulation Measures of City urban Management Behavior Anomie---Based on the Perspective of Street Level Bureaucrats%城管行为失范的行动逻辑及其规制对策--基于街头官僚视角

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

刘邦凡; 詹国辉

2013-01-01

The city urban and law enforcement personnel are the city governance in the process of implementation, but also with the public most closely related to the grass-roots civil servants. The city urban and law enforcement personnel belong to the category of "street level bureaucrats". The process of law enforcement exists the phenomenon of behavior failure, such as the lack of law enforcement program execution, administrative enforcement mode selection, and transition of the abuse of the administrative discretion ect.. Behavior anomie include individual egoism, limited and scarce resources, policy rules of non rational dependence, object of law enforcement of non voluntary ect. We should take ethical and moral education, reshaping the law enforcement process, legal supervision to constraint enforcement personnel behavior.%城管执法人员既是城市治理过程中公共政策的执行者，也是与社会公众关系最为密切的基层公务人员。城管执法人员属于“街头官僚”范畴。其执法过程存在行为失效现象，如执法程序的缺位执行、行政执法方式的选择不当、行政自由裁量权的过渡滥用等。行为失范的原因主要包括个体利己性、有限而又稀缺的政策资源、规则的非理性依赖、执法对象的非自愿性等。应采取伦理和道德教育、重塑执法流程、法律监督等来约束执法人员的行为。

Psychology of Terrorism

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2007-12-14

and logistic support. 160. Kfir, N. (2002). Understanding suicidal terror through humanistic and existential psychology. C. E. Stout (Ed), The...anomie or for an existential vacuum, which may drive other individuals to drifting or to entering the drug culture. - To understand the differences...any group of prisoners is by definition ‘survivalist’, yet that of the Red Brigades has evolved through three phases ‘social’, ‘ existential ’ and

Are Competitive Materialism and Female Employment Related to International Homicide Rate?

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Chon, Don Soo

2017-04-01

The institutional anomie theory is a proposal that states competitive materialism, an intense cultural pressure for economic success at any costs, and increased female employment may be related to a high homicide rate. The current work tested this proposition by utilizing homicide data collected from 45 developed and developing countries. Regression results did not support the proposition. Competitive materialism and female employment were not significantly related to the cross-national variation of homicide rates.

Identidad mexicana e interés político: Predictores de bienestar social y anomia Identidad mexicana e interés político: Predictores de bienestar social y anomia

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Claudia Yañez Velasco

2012-02-01

Full Text Available This paper tests the hypothesis that perceived differences in Mexican identity and political interest condition social well-being and the perception of anomie. The three dimensions of Tajfel’s social identity theory was adopted to measure Mexican identity, as well as the five dimensions of Keyes’s model for social well-being. A sample of 211 subjects of voting age from the State of Colima, Mexico, filled out a battery of three questionnaires and sociodemographic data. Results show that individuals with a high level of Mexican identity and political interest perceive high levels of social well-being and low level of anomie compared with those who scored low. Correlations were positive for social well-being and negative for anomie, with respect to identity and political interest. The factor of identity affirmation and identification predicted better social integration and actualization, components of social well-being.  Este estudio pone a prueba el supuesto de que las diferencias percibidas en la identidad mexicana y en el interés en la política condicionan la percepción del bienestar social y de la anomia social. Se adoptó la teoría de la identidad social de Tajfel de tres dimensiones para medir la identidad mexicana y el modelo de cinco dimensiones de Keyes para el bienestar social. Una muestra de 211 participantes en edad de votar del estado de Colima, México, contestó una batería de tres cuestionarios y datos sociodemográficos. Los resultados muestran que los individuos con un alto nivel de identidad mexicana y de interés por la política, comparados con los que tienen bajo nivel, perciben mayores niveles de bienestar social y menor nivel de anomia. Las correlaciones de la identidad y el interés por la política fueron positivas para el bienestar social y negativas para la anomia, respectivamente. El factor afirmación e identificación con la identidad predijo mejor la integración y actualización social, componentes del

The specificity of female deviance in Tsaritsyn the end of XIX - beginning of XX centuries

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E. V. Avstrijskov

2015-01-01

Full Text Available In this work there were analyzed the nature and specifics of female deviance in Tsaritsyn at the end of XIX - beginning of XX centuries, and also there was described the main socio-economic factors contributing to the development of anomie in this historical period in the society. There was investigated the motivational complex, structure and form of the women’s deviant behavior, and there were presented trends of the development of female deviance.

Sociology of Drug Consumption

OpenAIRE

2004-01-01

In this article which is a review of sociological ideas and studies of drug abusers in social situation, drug addiction steps (particularly alcohol, heroin and cocaine consumption) are revised and some explanations are made. Also, the role of some sociological ideas in drug addiction is considered in which Anomie Theory reads: "because of such duality, the individuals who are not satisfied with their role are in hurt." According to this theory, drug users choose seclusion and neglecting usual...

Developing Charisma: Nkrumag as a "CARGO" Benefactor in Ghana

OpenAIRE

IIJIMA, Michio

1998-01-01

Some scholars view that Kwame Nkrumah's strength in the general elections of the 1950's simply resulted from the CPP's promise of economic benefits. But Nkrumah's appeal and influence might be more understood in his charisma akin to that of the prophets of the African Independent Churches. Nkrumah frequently used Chiristian symbolism, and prophet-like authority, to offer psychological 'healing' and economic security in a situation of social anomie of rapid transition. Nkrumah can be compared ...

An agent-based Model of Energy Autonomy in Germany

OpenAIRE

Huijie, Li; Pfenning, Uwe

2014-01-01

Ein kurzer sozio-techischer Einblick in dasw Verständnis und die damit verbundenen Risiken von Energie-Autonomie. Auf lokaler Ebene mündet das Bestreben nach Autonomie in einer systemischen Anomie, auf regionaler Ebene finden sich Synergieeffekte, auf nationaler Ebene sind Energiekooperationen sinnvoll und effektiv. Die Risiken liegen in einer Schaffung von Überkapazitäten und erhöhten Kosten. Die Chancen liegen in Kooperation und Synergien für ein funktionierendes, sicheres EE-EVS.

Populism and Neopopulism in Latin America: Clientelism, Trade Union Organisation and Electoral Support in Mexico and Argentina in the ‘90s

OpenAIRE

Veronica Ronchi

2007-01-01

The state of anomie that has characterised and still characterises most Latin American countries, resulting from the fragmentation of the social fabric, has encouraged the rise of successful personalist leaderships in the ‘90s. This paper aims at investigating how neopopulism developed in Latin America, considering as main actors the two Presidents who have best embodied this ideal: Carlos Salinas de Gortari, (Mexico 1988-1994) and Carlos Menem (Argentina 1989-1999). Neopopulism is based on a...

Social psychological origins of conspiracy theories: The case of the Jewish conspiracy theory in Malaysia

OpenAIRE

Viren eSwami; Viren eSwami

2012-01-01

Two studies examined correlates of belief in a Jewish conspiracy theory among Malays in Malaysia, a culture in which state-directed conspiracism as a means of dealing with perceived external and internal threats is widespread. In Study 1, 368 participants from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, completed a novel measure of belief in a Jewish conspiracy theory, along with measures of general conspiracist ideation and anomie. Initial analysis showed that the novel scale factorially reduced to a single dim...

Social Psychological Origins of Conspiracy Theories: The Case of the Jewish Conspiracy Theory in Malaysia

OpenAIRE

Swami, Viren

2012-01-01

Two studies examined correlates of belief in a Jewish conspiracy theory among Malays in Malaysia, a culture in which state-directed conspiracism as a means of dealing with perceived external and internal threats is widespread. In Study 1, 368 participants from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, completed a novel measure of belief in a Jewish conspiracy theory, along with measures of general conspiracist ideation, and anomie. Initial analysis showed that the novel scale factorially reduced to a single di...

Consuming Anomie: Children and Global Commercial Culture. Research Note

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Langer, Beryl

2005-01-01

This article locates George Herbert Meads account of self-formation in the context of global consumer capitalism, in which the "generalized other" is constructed as a desiring consumer. It argues for a sociology of consumer childhood that, via Mead, takes children's agency as a given and explores the implications of their interaction with the…

Community Structural Instability, Anomie, Imitation and Adolescent Suicidal Behavior

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Thorlindsson, Thorolfur; Bernburg, Jon Gunnar

2009-01-01

The current study examines the contextual effects of community structural characteristics, as well as the mediating role of key social mechanisms, on youth suicidal behavior in Iceland. We argue that the contextual influence of community structural instability on youth suicidal behavior should be mediated by weak attachment to social norms and…

Solution of Media Risk and Social Responsibility Governance of Social Media

OpenAIRE

Zhang Yuan; Li Ming-De; Zhang Hong-Bang

2017-01-01

The rapid development of media technology makes the modern society become a “social media” or even “over social media”, the rise of social media makes it beyond the tool attribute, and become an important force in the reconstruction of contemporary society, the risk of concomitant. The anomie and breach of Social media regularly staged, weakened its positive social function, forcing us to think about the social responsibility of social media,which are reflections on the lack of responsibility...

The effects of social solidarity on moral emotions and morality

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I. A. ATUDOREI

2017-12-01

Full Text Available This paper analyses the impact of social solidarity on moral emotions such as embarrassment, shame and guilt at a social level. The effect of moral emotions on individual morality is presented. The paper emphasizes the fact that solidarity, which is generally perceived as having positive effects, may also produce social anomie. This situation is reached by a silent agreement concerning intellectual fraud which goes unpunished at a social level and can, thus, lead to deviant behaviour being considered tolerable as a result of rational reasoning which could shake social structure.

The Best Way to Rob a Bank

OpenAIRE

Aleksandar Marsavelski; John Braithwaite

2018-01-01

Cohen and Machalek’s (1988) evolutionary ecological theory of crime explains why obscure forms of predation can be the most lucrative. Sutherland explained that it is better to rob a bank at the point of a pen than of a gun. The US Savings and Loans scandal of the 1980s suggested ‘the best way to rob a bank is to own one’. Lure constituted by the anomie of warfare and transition to capitalism in former Yugoslavia revealed that the best way to rob a bank is to control the regulatory system: th...

relevance of anomie theory on french revolution and its implication ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

DGS-FUTO

2018-06-01

Jun 1, 2018 ... regulation in the society, especially in periods of social change, ... existing documents such as: newspapers, textbooks, government publications, internet ... of adapting to their previously held norms or belief systems with that of the modern ..... Curbing youth restiveness in Nigeria: The role of information and.

The War Refugees in Europe and the Feature of "Other" Carl Schmitt

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Bruno Smolarek Dias

2016-11-01

Full Text Available The article is subject to analyze the characteristic of "Other" as created by Carl Schmitt in the scenario of war refugees in European countries. The initial hypothesis is that the presence of a population marked by representative differences promotes the collision between freedoms as seen during the “collective rape" in Cologne - Germany. The theme is justified because it affects millions of people worldwide. The method used is the deductive and the work is divided into three parts dealing with the figure of the "other”, representativeness and Criminology of Anomie, presenting a research in development with partial results.

Teori Komunikasi dalam Perspektif Mazhab Frankfurt

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Surahman Surahman

2005-06-01

Full Text Available Frankfurt School of Thought, which rooted in Marxism and Critical paradigm, provided many ways to interpret the meaning of communication. This school of thought is primarily based on the main tenets of Critical Theory, i.e. totality, consciousness, anomie, and critic. Some questions arise concerning the ontology, epistemology, and axiology dimensions of Frankfurt School of Thought. Ontology discussion concerning the nature of communication involved an intensive outlook of Giddens’s Structuration Theory. Epistemology involved a discussion with Gramscian concepts of hegemony. Meanwhile, the problem of axiology is best addressed in Habermas fashion of agent-structur-dialectics.

Anomia Perception, Trust and Well Being: a view from the Social Psychology

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Marcela Muratori

2013-06-01

Full Text Available An empirical research was carried out with the aim of exploring in levels of anomy, social well-being and institutional trust and their relationship. Is a descriptive correlation study with a non experimental design based on a convenience sample composed by 585 participants (34.7% males and 65.3% females, age: M = 28.50; SD = 11.02 from Buenos Aires and other Argentinian cities. Results show a general positive perception of social well being -with a lack in others confidence-, low levels of institutional trust and high punctuations inanomic frustration. Convergent validity was corroborated and group differences showed up.

Solution of Media Risk and Social Responsibility Governance of Social Media

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Zhang Yuan

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The rapid development of media technology makes the modern society become a “social media” or even “over social media”, the rise of social media makes it beyond the tool attribute, and become an important force in the reconstruction of contemporary society, the risk of concomitant. The anomie and breach of Social media regularly staged, weakened its positive social function, forcing us to think about the social responsibility of social media,which are reflections on the lack of responsibility, but also positive response of resolving the media risk and ask for moral strength.

Selfish cells in altruistic cell society - a theoretical oncology.

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Chigira, M

1993-09-01

In multicellular organisms, internal evolution of individual cells is strictly forbidden and 'evolutional' DNA replication should be performed only by the sexual reproduction system. Wholistic negative control system called 'homeostasis' serves all service to germ line cells. All somatic cells are altruistic to the germ line cells. However, in malignant tumors, it seems that individual cells replicate and behave 'selfishly' and evolve against the internal microenvironment. Tumor cells only express the occult selfishness which is programmed in normal cells a priori. This phenomenon is based on the failure of identical DNA replication, and results in 'autonomy' and 'anomie' of cellular society as shown in tumor cells. Genetic programs of normal cells connote this cellular autonomy and anomie introduced by the deletion of regulators on structure genes. It is rather paradoxical that the somatic cells get their freedom from wholistic negative regulation programmed internally. However, this is not a true paradox, since multicellular organisms have clearly been evolved from 'monads' in which cells proliferate without wholistic regulation. Somatic cells revolt against germ cell DNA, called 'selfish replicator' by Dawkins. It is an inevitable destiny that the 'selfishness' coded in genome should be revenged by itself. Selfish replicator in germ cell line should be revolted by its selfishness in the expansion of somatic cells, since they have an orthogenesis to get more selfishness in order to increase their genome. Tumor heterogeneity and progression can be fully explained by this self-contradictory process which produces heterogeneous gene copies different from the original clone in the tumor, although 'selfish' gene replication is the final target of being. Furthermore, we have to discard the concept of clonality of tumor cells since genetic instability is a fundamental feature of tumors. Finally, tumor cells and proto-oncogenes can be considered as the ultimate parasite

El Behemoth colombiano: teoría del Estado, violencia y paz

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Jorge Andrés Hernández

2012-04-01

Full Text Available The building of the modern state in Europe was part of an historic process that reacted to the violence of the Wars of Religion (16th to 17th centuries and established the bases of peace and order for modern life in the West. This article reviews the theoretical bases of the theory of the state in terms of a Hobbesian dualism, symbolized by the figures of Leviathan (peace, order and Behemoth (violence, anomie, in order to examine the historic failure in Colombia to construct a modern state. In effect, Colombia has been unable to construct an impersonal entity capable of subduing its multiple armed competitors and creating the conditions for peace and order.

Sport, and use of anabolic androgenic steroids among Icelandic high school students: a critical test of three perspectives.

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Thorlindsson, Thorolfur; Halldorsson, Vidar

2010-12-20

This study investigates the use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) among a national representative sample of high school students in Iceland. We test several hypotheses drawn from three perspectives. The first perspective focuses on the use of AAS as an individual phenomenon motivated by the desire to succeed in sport. The second perspective views the use of AAS as shaped by norms and values embedded in social relationships of formally organized sport. The third perspective suggests that factors outside sport, which have been shown to correlate with the use of other substances, predict the use of AAS. We use logistic regression and predicted probabilities to analyze data from a national representative survey of 11,031 Icelandic high school students. Our results indicated that the use of AAS is not significantly related to participation in formally organized sports. However, it positively relates to fitness and physical training in informal contexts. We found a relatively strong relationship between the use of AAS and the use of illicit substances and a moderate relationship between AAS use and alcohol and tobacco consumption. We also found a significant negative relationship between AAS use and school integration and school achievement, and a significant positive relationship between AAS use and school anomie. The relation between AAS use and family-related variables was weaker. Finally, we found that the relationship between sport participation, physical exercise, and AAS use varies across levels of anomie and integration. Our findings suggest that the use of AAS and especially illegal substances should be considered more as a social and a health problem rather than a sport specific issue. We found that high school students participating in fitness and informal training outside of formally organized sport clubs are the main risk group and should be the target of prevention efforts. However, this should not be done at the expense of general risk factors that

What Explains Criminal Violence in Mexico City? A Test of Two Theories of Crime

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Carlos Vilalta

2016-02-01

Full Text Available There are competing theories of what drives crime in cities and neighbourhoods. Two widely cited theoretical approaches focused on social disorganization and institutional anomie propose different explanations for the causes and dynamics of criminality. Yet these theories are seldom empirically tested, much less acknowledged, outside of North America and Western Europe. This article considers their applicability in Mexico’s capital, a sprawling metropolis of more than 20 million people. The authors administer spatial and general statistical tests to explain the geographical patterns of crime rates across multiple forms of criminality. The assessment demonstrates that both theories accurately predict the spatial distribution of crime. The article concludes with a host of policy conclusions, emphasizing social crime prevention over more traditional law and order measures. and consolidating families, parents and childcare.

Siðfræði og fagmennska í heimi fáránleikans: Um siðrof og útlaga í kvikmynd Sams Peckinpahs The Wild Bunch

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Þórólfur Þórlíndsson

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Sam Peckinpah’s movie The Wild Bunch is a multilevel drama about an aging group of outlaws, trying to exist in a rapidly changing world. This paper analysis the movie from different sociological perspectives on three levels. First, it is argued that the movie provides an interesting example and an elaboration of Durkheim’s macrolevel theory of anomie. Second, at the micro level the movie describes the face to face interaction between gangmembers in terms of a symbolic interactionism in the tradition of Mead and Goffman. Third, at the individual level the gangmembers behave in many ways as existential heroes. These different levels of social science analysis come together to form a single coherent story line in Peckinpah’s complex portrayal of the Wild Bunch.

When West Meets East: Generalizing Theory and Expanding the Conceptual Toolkit of Criminology.

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Messner, Steven F

2015-06-01

This paper considers the ways in which established criminological theories born and nurtured in the West might need to be transformed to be applicable to the context of East Asian societies. The analyses focus on two theoretical perspectives-Situational Action Theory and Institutional Anomie Theory-that are located at opposite ends of the continuum with respect to levels of analysis. I argue that the accumulated evidence from cross-cultural psychology and criminological research in East Asian societies raises serious questions about the feasibility of simply transporting these perspectives from the West to the East. Instead, my analyses suggest that the formulation of theoretical explanations of crime that are truly universal will require criminologists to create and incorporate new concepts that are more faithful to the social realities of non-Western societies, societies such as those in East Asia and Asia more generally.

Malcolm X: Rasismus, islám, politika a násilí

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Karel Černý

2016-06-01

Full Text Available The paper discusses ever changing life, attitudes, rhetorics and identities of one of the most influential and controversial Afro-American leaders of the second half of the 20th century, Malxolm X. It claims that the most important, however not single, determinant of his life experience had been American racism, namely segregation in the South and especially discrimination in the North. The paper than focuses on changing adaptation strategies toward the racism, especially in terms of attitudes toward religion, politics and violence. It uses R. K. Merton theory of adaptation (anomie to contrast the various life stages of Malcolm X that are characteristic with radical discontinuities and as such create very flexible, however dramatic, life course of Malcolm X that is in this respect significantly different from the other Afro-American leaders of the 20th century.

THIRD PARTY SANCTIONS IN GAMES WITH COMMUNICATION

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Obłój Jan

2017-06-01

Full Text Available This paper discusses the relation between communication and preservation of social norms guarded by third-party sanctions. In 2001 Jonathan Bendor and Piotr Swistak derived deductively the existence of such norms from a simple boundedly rational choice model. Their analysis was based on a perfect public information case. We take into account communication and analyse at the micro level the process of production and interpretation of information on which decisions are based. We show that when information is fully private and we allow for communication a state of anomie can result. If some social control mechanisms are available, social stability can be maintained. The less efficient the social control mechanisms however, the more restrictive rules will be needed to sustain the social norms. Furthermore not all cognitive strategies for interpreting received messages are equally effective. Strategies based on reputation are better than strategies based on profit analysis.

ANOMIA, ANORMALITÀ E PATOLOGIA: ALCUNE NOTE SULLA RELAZIONE TRA FILOSOFIA, SCIENZE UMANE E PSICHIATRIA

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Salottolo, Delio

2015-12-01

Full Text Available In this paper we intend to analyse the relationship between philosophy, psychiatry and, in wider terms, among human sciences. The key issue is here identified as the mechanism that produces the relationship between physiology (normality and pathology in medical and the human sciences. The path that we will follow is divided into three stages: first, we will analyse the confusion between fact and value (i.e.; between the quantitative and qualitative dimension in the human phenomenon; second, we will approach the connection between the birth of the human sciences and the emergence of the device normal/pathological (Comte and the principle Broussais; Durkheim and the notion of anomie in relation to the division of labour and suicide; finally, we will touch upon the ultimate question about psychiatry: is it a science of “man” (Binswanger or a knowledge/power based device that determines the structure of modernity (Foucault?

Main features of narrow sociological theories explaining mental disorders

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Opalić Petar

2006-01-01

Full Text Available In the introduction, the author states that sociological theories explaining mental disorders in the narrow sense have originated as an opposition to medical, i.e. biological model of interpreting mental disorders. With regard to this, the following sociological theories explaining mental disorders are presented in more detail: theory of anomie by Durkheim and Merton (with Merton’s typology of deviant behavior, social roles theory by Parsons, labeling theory by Scheff and other authors, theoretical career model of the mentally ill, the concept of psychic disorder of etnomethodology and finally, the anti-psychiatric interpretation of mental disorders. It is concluded that, although historically older, sociological theories of the onset of mental disorders are filling the epistemological void that occurred in understanding the role of society on the whole and a series of social factors particularly on the different aspects of understanding mental disorders.

Teoría moral y anomia

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Riba, Jordi

2008-12-01

Full Text Available From the distinction between the concept of anomie of Durkheim and Guyau, is exposed as Guyau taking that concept describes the need of the moral theory to take a turn in his conception. For Guyau the moral stops configured as a universal law, to become an individualistic conception of morality. For Guyau the process is not only inevitable, also it is desirable.

A partir de la distinción entre la concepción de anomia de Durkheim y Guyau, en este texto se expone como Guyau tomando dicho concepto describe la necesidad que tiene la teoría moral de dar un giro en su concepción. Para Guyau la moral deja de configurarse como ley universal, para convertirse en una concepción individualista de la moral. Para Guyau el proceso no solo es inevitable sino deseable.

A science confidence gap: Education, trust in scientific methods, and trust in scientific institutions in the United States, 2014.

Science.gov (United States)

Achterberg, Peter; de Koster, Willem; van der Waal, Jeroen

2017-08-01

Following up on suggestions that attitudes toward science are multi-dimensional, we analyze nationally representative survey data collected in the United States in 2014 ( N = 2006), and demonstrate the existence of a science confidence gap: some people place great trust in scientific methods and principles, but simultaneously distrust scientific institutions. This science confidence gap is strongly associated with level of education: it is larger among the less educated than among the more educated. We investigate explanations for these educational differences. Whereas hypotheses deduced from reflexive-modernization theory do not pass the test, those derived from theorizing on the role of anomie are corroborated. The less educated are more anomic (they have more modernity-induced cultural discontents), which not only underlies their distrust in scientific institutions, but also fuels their trust in scientific methods and principles. This explains why this science confidence gap is most pronounced among the less educated.

Penangulangan Pelanggaran Hukum yang Dilakukan Geng Motor oleh Kepolisian di Wilayah Bandung

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Nandang Sambas

2011-12-01

Full Text Available At first, motorbike gang was considered as hobbyist-based-community created to express solidarity and creativity among its members. Recent growing number of violence cases  involving motorbike gang members in West Java, especially in Bandung, has posed us with enough evidences to cathegorize their activity as law violation acts which threatening public safety. From social crime perspective, any law violations were considered as delinquency acts. Considering that majority of gang members are teenagers, or children/underage, significant factor to be attended seriously is family as the first source of norms and socialization.Weakness ties among members of family, anomie, and mass media strong influence are threatening young members of family in this situation.   A collaboration between police institution and family and other social group representative such as religious leaders on every aspect was the key to overcome the problem of motorbike rascals.

A Durkheimian analysis of youth suicide: Canada, 1971 and 1981.

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Trovato, F

1992-01-01

Durkheim hypothesized that suicide varies inversely with the extent of social integration in family, religious, political, and economic life. In this study I examine the relationship between three of these sources of social integration on young Canadians' (aged 15-29) suicide rate for 1971 and 1981: family integration (as measured by divorce), religious integration (as measured by the percent of the population reporting no religious affiliation), and economic anomie (unemployment). The findings of this research provide confirmation for the hypothesis that religious detachment among the young is associated with increased proneness to commit suicide. The effect of family dissolution was positive and significant for both young men and women in 1981 but not in 1971, giving partial confirmation for the family integration explanation of suicide. These results pertaining to unemployment are not consistent with the American-based literature that calls for a significant and positive impact on the odds of self-destruction.

The moral regulation of the workplace: presenteeism and public health.

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Dew, Kevin; Taupo, Trina

2009-11-01

This paper draws on Durkheimian concepts of moral forces, particularly anomie and fatalism, and the forced division of labour, to argue that the current institutional arrangements to protect and compensate workers in hazardous workplaces are insufficient. This argument is illustrated with interview data from workers at a meatworks in New Zealand which examined workers' responses to illness and injury in the workplace. It is suggested that an imbalance in moral forces leads to pathological outcomes for workers - seen in presenteeism - the phenomenon of staying at work when injured or ill - and workplace injustice. There are state institutions such as worker compensation schemes and occupational safely and health regulations, and other intermediary groups such as unions, that can act as a buffer against anomic and fatalistic forces in the workplace, but at present these countervailing regulatory and advocacy forces are not sufficiently protective of vulnerable workers. Public health advocacy and research could fill the current void.

Ukraine: On the border between old and new in uncertain times

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Brienna Perelli-Harris

2008-07-01

Full Text Available This chapter provides an overview of the demographic situation in Ukraine, including explanations for the decline to very low fertility and changes in family policy. Drawing on official statistics, survey data, and focus group interviews, the analysis shows that the country's decline to lowest-low fertility is primarily due to the postponement of or the reduction in second births, as opposed to the postponement of first births. The chapter includes a discussion on the link between low fertility and changing marriage patterns, contraceptive prevalence, and abortion. The author then reviews the evidence for the leading explanations of fertility decline in Ukraine, including economic uncertainty, social anomie, the Second Demographic Transition, and unequal gender relations. In addition, the author proposes unexplored factors that may lead to fertility limitation, such as the increasing difficulty of combining work and childrearing, insufficient housing, changes in intergenerational support, and the deterioration of health lifestyles and marital relations.

La política del fuego: El desplazamiento contemporáneo del paradigma geopolítico

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Marder, Michael

2013-12-01

Full Text Available This paper theoretizes the transition from a global regime of geopolitics (that is to say, the politics of the earth to a pyropolitical regime, or the politics of fire. Based in the political philosophy of Carl Schmitt, the thesis is that the certainty, stability, and order rooted in the earth are now being displaced by the anomie of fire, as the symbol and the concrete sphere of the political today.Este artículo teoriza la transición del régimen global geopolítico (es decir, la política de la tierra a régimen piropolítico, o la política del fuego. En base a filosofía política de Carl Schmitt, la tesis es que la certidumbre, estabilidad y orden arraigados en la tierra están desplazados por la anomia del fuego, como un símbolo y dominio concreto de lo político hoy.

Anatomy of Corruption in the Nigerian Public Sector

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Ogbewere Bankole Ijewereme

2015-05-01

Full Text Available Corruption is a clog in the wheel of progress in Nigeria and has incessantly frustrated the realization of noble national goals, despite the enormous natural and human resources in Nigeria. The article reviews the concept of corruption in line with its forms and effects on the Nigerian State, as well as corruption in public service from Prime Minister Tafawa Balewa’s era to President Goodluck Jonathan’s administration. The article examines the idealistic, resource curse, two public, low risk–high benefit and anomie theories, and consequently adopts resource curse, low risk–high benefit theories to explain causes of corruption in Nigeria. Also, some personal observations and data from Transparency International are utilized to explain corrupt practices in Nigeria. The article concludes that there is corruption in the Nigerian Public Sector because of societal pressure, tribalism, nepotism, low risk–high benefits of involving in corruption among others. The article recommends some measures to combat corruption in Nigeria.

Youth and Academic and Educational Alienation

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Mohammad Saeed Zokaei

2012-12-01

Full Text Available The empirical studies undertaken on academic culture in Iran suggest an inefficient academic acculturation and students alienation from the structure and process of a desired academic culture. A sense of powerlessness, normlessness, anomie, social isolation and in general strangement from the self, educational processes, unverrsity camp, academic staff members and also from other students is increasingly growing in the minds and feelings of a considerable number of higher education students in humanities and social sciences. Drawing on a mixed methodology, the following paper aims to reconstruct the phenomenology of academic and educational alienation based on students personal lived experience and narrativity. Apart from accounting for internal and external social factors affecting this experience, we have proposed a typology of the types of alienation experienced by different groups of students and the strategies they have adopted to counter it. Results suggest that alienation is directly affected by culture politics and involves different social, psychological, and economic consequences in their lives.

Democratization and Political Change as Threats to Collective Sentiments: Testing Durkheim in Russia.

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Pridemore, William Alex; Kim, Sang-Weon

2006-05-01

Durkheim argued that acute political crises result in increased homicide rates because they pose a threat to sentiments about the collective. Though crucial to Durkheim's work on homicide, this idea remains untested. The authors took advantage of the natural experiment of the collapse of the Soviet Union to examine this hypothesis. Using data from Russian regions (N = 78) and controlling for measures of anomie and other covariates, the authors estimated the association between political change and change in homicide rates between 1991 and 2000. Results indicated that regions exhibiting less support for the Communist Party in 2000 (and thus greater change in political ideals because the Party had previously exercised complete control) were regions with greater increases in homicide rates. Thus, while democratization may be a positive development relative to the Communist juggernaut of the past, it appears that the swift political change in Russia is partially responsible for the higher rates of violence there following the collapse of the Soviet Union.

A lei e a anomia nas torcidas organizadas de futebol

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Henrique Figueiredo Carneiro

2008-01-01

Full Text Available This article shows, from an analysis based on the psychoanalytic metapsychology, a reflection upon the law and the state of anomie that has characterized the relationships in the organized rooters when these turn the public space for leisure activities into a field of social tension. It is understood that the movement of the fan clubs represents the character in this social scenario which is guided by relationships that arise from the transgression of the rules and the disbelief in the constituted power. In this context, the rooters¿ acts can be considered as anomic and at the same time they can be an indicator of a desire of totalitarianism that the subject has. The finding of violent acts and the frailty of social ties indicates the homogenization of the singularities. The result is the denial of the otherness, the emptying of the subjective representations and the inconsistency of the representatives of the law nowadays.

Lepidopterans and their parasitoids on okra plants in Riberão Preto (SP, Brazil Lepidópteros e seus parasitoides em cultura de quiabo em Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil

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Rogéria Inês Rosa Lara

2012-04-01

Full Text Available The aim of this study was to identify the defoliating lepidopterans and their parasitoids occurring on okra plants in the district of Riberão Preto city (SP. Brazil. Caterpillars were collected by hand from an experimental field of okra, in March and April, 2009. They were placed individually on Petri dishes lined with wet filter paper, containing shredded okra leaves, and kept in a climactic chamber (25±1°C, 12:12h light/dark photoperiod, RH 70±10% until the emergence of lepidopterans and/or parasitoids. In all, 63 lepidopterans were obtained: three species of Noctuidae, Anomis flava (Fabricius, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith and Pseudoplusia includens (Walker; one of Pieridae, Ascia monuste orseis (Godart, and an unidentified species of Tortricidae. One unidentified tachinid fly (Diptera and the Hymenoptera parasitoids Copidosoma floridanum (Ashmead (Encyrtidae and Euplectrus sp. (Eulophidae emerged from A. flava, while C. floridanum and an unidentified tachinid, from P. includens. This is the first report of an association between the herbivores S. frugiperda, P. includens and A. monuste orceis, the parasitoids C. floridanum and Euplectrus sp. on okra plants.Este estudo objetivou identificar lepidópteros desfolhadores e seus parasitoides em cultura de quiabo em Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil. As lagartas foram coletadas através de catação manual entre março e abril de 2009, individualizadas em placas de Petri forradas com papel filtro umedecido contendo pedaços de folhas de quiabo e mantidas sob condições controladas (25±1°C, 12 horas de fotofase, 70±10% de UR até a obtenção dos adultos de lepidópteros e/ou de seus parasitoides. Foram obtidos 63 adultos de lepidópteros: três espécies de Noctuidae, Anomis flava (Fabricius, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith, Pseudoplusia includens (Walker, uma de Pieridae, Ascia monuste orseis (Godart e uma de Tortricidae não identificada. Uma espécie não identificada de taquinídeo (Diptera e os

Mord, Selbstmord und Anomie : ein neuer Ansatz zur Operationalisierung und empirischen Anwendung des Anomiekonstruktes von Emile Durkheim

OpenAIRE

Mehlkop, Guido; Graeff, Peter

2006-01-01

Die Studie stützt sich auf Durkheims Anomietheorie, in der Mord- und Selbstmordraten als soziale Phänomene begriffen werden, die wiederum nur mit anderen sozialen Tatsachen zu erklären sind. Unter dieser soziologischen Perspektive interessiert also nicht das letztliche Motiv des Selbstmörders bzw. Mörders, sondern der Einfluss gesellschaftlicher Verhältnisse. Im Fokus dieser Analyse stehen variierende Mord- und Selbstmordraten zwischen Gesellschaften und über die Zeit hinweg. Verzichtet wird ...

Sociology of Drug Consumption

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

2004-02-01

Full Text Available In this article which is a review of sociological ideas and studies of drug abusers in social situation, drug addiction steps (particularly alcohol, heroin and cocaine consumption are revised and some explanations are made. Also, the role of some sociological ideas in drug addiction is considered in which Anomie Theory reads: "because of such duality, the individuals who are not satisfied with their role are in hurt." According to this theory, drug users choose seclusion and neglecting usual social aims as well as competitive situations. Association of Differentiation Theory claims that drug use behavior is a learned behavior and the first learning occurs in a friendly small group (i.e. youngsters. Social Control theory believes that one can predict normal and abnormal behaviors through the rate of individuals' social commitments. Internal and external controls also determine commitment rate. Micro-cultural theory considers drug use as a compatibility with abnormal micro-culture rules. Symbolic Mutual Action Believes that the etiquettes which society attribute to individuals/behaviors determine their acquired social reactions rather than any inherited acquisition.

The Theory of Social Control and the Social Psychology of Dissatisfaction: Inhibition, regression and isolation in a cultural context

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Orsolya Selymes, PhD Candidate

2011-06-01

Full Text Available The Theory of Social Control (TSC is grounded in satisfaction and happiness research. The study investigated the reasons behind relatively low levels of civil and personal satisfaction, subjective social well-being and experienced happiness in the post-communist Hungarian social context. The basic social process uncovered in the research is self-situating, which involves a continuous assessment of social control, which occurs on three psychological dimensions: activity, fairness and connectedness, operated via social flow. The culturally salient outcome of self-situating in Hungary is self-victimizing, meaning a subjective loss of control on all three dimensions. Some of the most important emotional-motivational consequences of self-victimizing are inhibition, regression and isolation, which contribute to various socio-cultural phenomenon such as distrust, bystander strategies, pessimism or anomie across a number of social situations. Based on the emerging theory, the concept of subjective social control is introduced and an expanded three-dimensional model of civil satisfaction, comfort and contribution, along with psychological and cultural implications, are discussed.Key words: social control, self-situating, self-victimizing, activity, fairness, connectedness, inhibition, fury, isolation

Feijão com arroz e arroz com feijão: o Brasil no prato dos brasileiros

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Lívia Barbosa

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Este artigo tem como objetivo oferecer um panorama dos hábitos alimentares brasileiros no universo doméstico a partir do ponto de vista da população. Ele encontra-se baseado em uma pesquisa empírica, que utilizou métodos qualitativos e quantitativos, a partir de uma amostra domiciliar probabilística. Os resultados apresentados aqui se concentram no sistema de refeições e são discutidos à luz de algumas das teses sobre as tendências da alimentação contemporânea. Entre estas se destacam a da individualização das refeições, a da gastro-anomia e da homogeneização do gosto alimentar.The objective of this article is to offer an overall view of eating habits in Brazilian homes from the point of view of the population. Empirical research made use of qualitative and quantitative methods based on a probabilistic home sample. The results presented here concentrate on the system of meals and are discussed in the light of various theses concerning the trends of contemporary alimentation. These trends include individualized meals, gastro-anomie and homogenized taste.

A Possible Answer of the European Union to Hybrid Threats

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Cîrdei Ionuţ Alin

2017-12-01

Full Text Available The international security environment is marked by a certain state of anomy, which in reality does not conceal a state of chaos, but an attempt to restore and redesign spheres of influence, creating a new world order involving both state actors: the US, Russia, China India, supra-states actors: EU, NATO, etc or non-state actors. The European Union is confronted with a series of internal and external challenges that affect the state of security. Challenges are very diverse, difficult to anticipate and counteract, and can be attributed, on the one hand, to the cyclical evolution of society and, on the other hand, to intentional interventions using unconventional methods and means of hybrid type, which are aimed at destabilizing one of the most powerful supra-state structures, enjoying significant economic and political strength, which has a large population and can influence the evolution of events globally. Lately, EU countries have begun to tackle the most diverse issues, such as migration, terrorist threat, radicalization of a part of the population, supporting direct or indirect jihadist organizations, organizing attacks within the union, developing nationalism, separatism, ethnic or religious intolerance, etc.

From Council Housing to Social Housing. The successes and misfortunes of Social Housing policies in Italy

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Ferdinando Terranova

2011-04-01

Full Text Available The issues dealt with are three: the need for medium – and large – scale territorial planning; the quality of housing; the solutions to guarantee secure flows of financing to launch programmes of public residential housing (ERP. A premise of any ERP programme is the planning and construction of a fast rail network to guarantee mass mobility. Once this premise has been satisfied, it is possible to identify agricultural areas to be expropriated for ERP interventions. This programme is characterised by operating above the municipal level, and it requires a structure that has the administrative powers of an agency. As regards the quality of housing, the following equation has to be dispensed with: public residential housing = ugly building characterised by alienation and anomy. Planners from this century have been called on to rise the challenge. To be certain of obtaining finance for ERP programmes, the old road of contributions at source from workers should be pursued as well as the establishment of a single fund that gathers together all the financing foreseen by laws made over the years and not spent, set aside for ERP.

Poisoned social climate, collective responsibility, and the abuse at Abu Ghraib--Or, the establishment of "rule that is lack of rule".

Science.gov (United States)

Mestrovic, Stjepan G; Romero, Rachel

2012-01-01

The authors draw upon the experiences of one of the co-authors as an expert witness in sociology for mitigation at three of the courts-martial pertaining to the abuse at Abu Ghraib that were held at Ft. Hood, Texas in the year 2005 (for Javal Davis, Sabrina Harman, and Lynndie England). In addition, this paper is based upon the thousands of pages of affidavits, testimony, and U.S. Government reports concerning Abu Ghraib. These internal government reports, as well as the Levin-McCain report, point to collective responsibility and the responsibility of individuals high in the chain of command for establishing unlawful techniques. We review the shortcomings of a purely psychological approach for understanding the abuse, and turn to Durkheim's original understanding of anomie as a state of social derangement or rule by lack of rule to introduce the ideas of the social origins of and social responsibility for the abuse. We conclude with sociological suggestions for reforming some of the legal, medical, psychiatric, and other professional complicity in the abuse at Abu Ghraib. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

'Legalized' forms of corruption in Serbia: Anomical state of social entropy

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Zindović Ilija B.

2012-01-01

Full Text Available The subject of this research will be phenomena of 'legalized' form of corruption. The name we gave to all those forms of social behavior that anomical escape incrimination, are not defined precisely by laws, a cause of increasing social anomie, and ultimately lead to destruction, entropy and disintegration of society. The study will include a spatial framework of the Republic of Serbia, during the time interval since 2000. onwards, with a look in the 90's of the last century, and follows a period of transition from socialism, and post-socialism, to this wild and unrestrained form of capitalism. Methods that are used in the study were: a sociological method (observation, comparative method, Legal (dogmatic-normative, method of the target interpretation and the logical method of generalization and concretization. The study aims to highlight the manifestations of corruption that have for various reasons are not criminalized, and thus indicate the harmfulness social-anomical conditions that are directly related to the entropy of society in which we live. After that follows the proposal of measures to remove these harmful emergent phenomena in the border area of sociology and law.

Information warfare technologies in political discourse

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Karpova Anna Yu.

2016-01-01

Full Text Available We attempt to examine the technology of «information warfare» in this paper. The dominant theme of the paper is that the outcome of the information warfare is important not only for the future of a state itself but for the future of the world balance of forces. The main task of geopolitical actors in information warfare is to introduce ideas corresponding to their interests into mass consciousness. All participants of political conflicts have common features in technologies of Information warfare. The information anomie is the indicator of the great geopolitical actors’ personified interests on the stage of «information warfare» - the process resulted in destroying the communicative line: report-information understanding and disrupting the social order in society. In this paper authors describe the following Information Warfare technologies: "Political volcano" technology; "SPIN" technology; "Widening media resource" technology; "specific gravity" technology; "Cold War 2.0" technology and Information cleaningup technology. It is assumed that in the future there will be new instructions on applying technologies of information warfare. To impart perspective to the paper we consider examples, opinions and trends.

Halbwachs and Durkheim: a test of two theories of suicide.

Science.gov (United States)

Travis, R

1990-06-01

The social integration hypothesis forms the basis of this study. It was first asserted by Durkheim in late nineteenth-century France and many of his assumptions are based on a social disorganizational model. This model tended to equate social change with the breakdown of social control and many of Durkheim's notions about anomie are derived from this view of industrial society. Halbwachs, on the other hand, proposed a social psychological theory of suicide. His model specifies more clearly the conditions under which lack of social integration may induce suicide. This study shows that among a population in transition, the Alaska Natives, the suicide rate was explained by the Halbwachsian model at least as well as the Durkheimian one and sometimes better. The Durkheimian model is shown to reflect a Cartesian dualism, which accounts only for that which is observable, thus making for biased studies of suicide. Moreover, psychopathological research confirms the Halbwachsian model. These findings restore the social isolation theory, once long neglected, to its rightful place among theories of suicide and opens up an important field for researchers seeking to understand high rates of suicide.

Anomie and Isolation: The Wind-up Bird Chronicle, Ghost in the Shell, Serial Experiments Lain, and Japanese Consensus Society

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Elmo Gonzaga

2002-06-01

Full Text Available The essay explores how the societal effects of Japan’s economic recession during the 1990s are reflected in several cultural texts from that period: Haruki Murakami’s novel The Wind-up Bird Chronicle, the animé film Ghost in the Shell and the animé series Serial Experiments Lain.Faced with sudden job uncertainty due to the recession, Japanese individuals accustomed to the ideology of progress of a society that values uniformity and conformity have fallen into listlessness and withdrawal. Accordingly, the protagonists of these texts all experience a crisis of embodied subjectivity, or shutaisei that is tied to a loss of community and history.They work to reconstitute their shutaisei by first uncovering their personal and collective history in the form of a coherent awareness of their past. Transcending their isolation, they likewise strive to develop bonds with others through reciprocal communication.Particularly because these texts are characterized by elements of the fantastic and narratives of metamorphosis, they can also be seen as allegories of subversion against Japanese consensus society and its ideology of progress.

Principles of Sociology in Systems Engineering

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Watson, Michael D.; Andrews, James G.; Larsen, Jordan A.

2017-01-01

Systems engineering involves both the integration of the system and the integration of the disciplines which develop and operate the system. Integrating the disciplines is a sociological effort to bring together different groups, often with different terminology, to achieve a common goal, the system. The focus for the systems engineer is information flow through the organization, between the disciplines, to ensure the system is developed and operated with all relevant information informing system decisions. Robert K. Merton studied the sociological principles of the sciences and the sociological principles he developed apply to systems engineering. Concepts such as specification of ignorance, common terminology, opportunity structures, role-sets, and the reclama (reconsideration) process are all important sociological approaches that should be employed by the systems engineer. In bringing the disciplines together, the systems engineer must also be wary of social ambivalence, social anomie, social dysfunction, insider-outsider behavior, unintended consequences, and the self-fulfilling prophecy. These sociological principles provide the systems engineer with key approaches to manage the information flow through the organization as the disciplines are integrated and share their information. This also helps identify key sociological barriers to information flow through the organization. This paper will discuss this theoretical basis for the application of sociological principles to systems engineering.

A rhetoric of retribution and redemption: Burke's terms for order in the drama of child sexual abuse.

Science.gov (United States)

Schultz, Pamela D

2011-01-01

Law consists of a series of stories, narratives that embody the values and integrity of a culture. We define crimes, and label the individuals who commit them, along a continuum that moves from the merely unacceptable to the monstrous. One of the most heinous crimes in American society is considered to be child sexual abuse. The sexual abuser of children is firmly established in the public imagination as a modern-day bogeyman, and approaches to prevention and punishment reflect this artificially accelerated panic. Although public policies and correctional measures ostensibly are geared at preventing the crime, they reflect a fundamental misunderstanding as to the motivation of many offenders and the way in which child sexual abuse is perceived as a source of social anomie. This paper uses Kenneth Burke's interpretative framework to examine the social and legal perceptions and treatment of child sexual abusers. First discussed are Burke's conceptions of identity and orientation, which form the basis of human motivation and thus can illuminate the source of offenders' impulses. Next, Burke's "terms for order" are used to show the ways in which the dominant hierarchy compels us to scapegoat and sacrifice in the quest for social redemption. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Risk perception of the Belgian population. Results of the public opinion survey in 2009

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Perko, T.; Turcanu, C.; Schroeder, J.; Carle, B.

2010-02-15

The SCK-CEN 2009 risk perception barometer is based on over 1000 Computer Assisted Personal Interviews, taken from persons selected to be representative for the Belgian 18+ population, and all realized in the period July and August 2009. An additional sample , N = 100 is taken from the for the population living in the communities of Lambusart and Wanfercee-Baulet in the municipality of Fleurus. Besides the classical background variables used to obtain the quota for representatively (age, language, habitat, gender and social class), we also included a series of questions assessing the communication and sociological context. The main topics in the survey were I) risk perception and confidence in authorities; II) Attitude towards science and technology and attitudes toward nuclear energy; III) stake holders engagement; IV)acceptance of legal norms for food products; v) media use; vi) evaluation of nuclear actors; VII) psychometric risk characteristics; VII) safety behaviour and anomy; ix) knowledge about nuclear domain; x) risk communication; xi) consumer's attitude towards food with radioactive contamination. Some of the questions asked in 2009 are similar to those enquired in the SCK barometer of 2006 and 2002, in order to study the time evolution of the risk perception associated with various issues.

K. Schmitt’s Theory of Partisan: Socio - Political Eventuality of Partisan

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Mihail Petrovich Ostromenskij

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Eventual socio-political conditions of the appearance of a partisan are considered. It is shown that the appearance of the partisan becomes possible when the socio-political uncertainty in the state and social anomie in society caused serious set into question the legitimacy of the sovereign. In such circumstances, falling value of public institutions, the rule of law and the rules of the routine, but the role of the individual and adopt independent decisions, in each case, increases. And increasing the area of independent ad hoc decisions. Such conditions arise in the occupied territory, especially in a situation of the continuing war. Besides, here indigenous people without taking any illegal actions, from the point of view of both clashing sovereigns, it is struck in the rights. All this makes a real opportunity to show the political subjectivity of the citizen, even with low social status. The behavior of the occupied population can follow three models: expectations of the solution of the conflict between sovereigns and the subsequent acceptance of its results as due - absolute majority population, the active help to the occupying sovereign for the purpose of the statement new political - the collaborator, active opposition of the occupying authority for the purpose of return former political - the partisan.

Risk perception of the Belgian population. Results of the public opinion survey in 2009

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Perko, T.; Turcanu, C.; Schroeder, J.; Carle, B.

2010-01-01

The SCK-CEN 2009 risk perception barometer is based on over 1000 Computer Assisted Personal Interviews, taken from persons selected to be representative for the Belgian 18+ population, and all realized in the period July and August 2009. An additional sample , N = 100 is taken from the for the population living in the communities of Lambusart and Wanfercee-Baulet in the municipality of Fleurus. Besides the classical background variables used to obtain the quota for representatively (age, language, habitat, gender and social class), we also included a series of questions assessing the communication and sociological context. The main topics in the survey were I) risk perception and confidence in authorities; II) Attitude towards science and technology and attitudes toward nuclear energy; III) stake holders engagement; IV)acceptance of legal norms for food products; v) media use; vi) evaluation of nuclear actors; VII) psychometric risk characteristics; VII) safety behaviour and anomy; ix) knowledge about nuclear domain; x) risk communication; xi) consumer's attitude towards food with radioactive contamination. Some of the questions asked in 2009 are similar to those enquired in the SCK barometer of 2006 and 2002, in order to study the time evolution of the risk perception associated with various issues.

Theorizing School Bullying: Insights from Japan

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Shoko Yoneyama

2015-08-01

Full Text Available This paper identifies a lacuna in the existing paradigms of bullying: a gap caused by the frame of reference being largely limited to the highly industrialized societies of the 'west': Europe, North America and Oceania. The paper attempts to address this gap by presenting research developed in Japan. In Japan, sociological discourse on school bullying, i.e. the analysis of institutional factors relevant to understanding bullying was established relatively early, as was the epistemology now referred to as the second paradigm of bullying. The paper attempts to integrate the research strengths of Japan with this new trend in bullying research, with the view of incorporating 'non-western' research traditions into mainstream discourse on bullying. It introduces a typology of school bullying: Types I and II, and discusses 1 hierarchical relationships in schools, focusing on corporal punishment and teacher-student bullying, and 2 group dynamics surrounding bullying. The paper illustrates how bullying among students is entwined with various aspects of schools as social institutions. It argues that school bullying may represent a state of anomie in both formal and informal power structures in schools, which have become dysfunctional communities unable to deal with bullying, while at the same time it can be students' way of compensating their sense of alienation and disconnectedness from school.

Contact: Releasing the news

Science.gov (United States)

Pinotti, Roberto

The problem of mass behavior after man's future contacts with other intelligences in the universe is not only a challenge for social scientists and political leaders all over the world, but also a cultural time bomb as well. In fact, since the impact of CETI (Contact with Extraterrestrial Intelligence) on human civilization, with its different cultures, might cause a serious socio-anthropological shock, a common and predetermined worldwide strategy is necessary in releasing the news after the contact, in order to keep possible manifestations of fear, panic and hysteria under control. An analysis of past studies in this field and of parallel historical situations as analogs suggests a definite "authority crisis" in the public as a direct consequence of an unexpected release of the news, involving a devastating "chain reaction" process (from both the psychological and sociological viewpoints) of anomie and maybe the collapse of today's society. The only way to prevent all this is to prepare the world's public opinion concerning contact before releasing the news, and to develop a long-term strategy through the combined efforts of scientists, political leaders, intelligence agencies and the mass media, in order to create the cultural conditions in which a confrontation with ETI won't affect mankind in a traumatic way. Definite roles and tasks in this multi-level model are suggested.

FROM JUSTUM BELLUM TO GENERAL MOBILIZATION

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Wojciech Buchner

2008-01-01

Full Text Available As we know, contemporary mass democracy imposes political correctness standards. The issue of war belongs to such problems. Within the framework of democratic correctness, this common phenomenon in history cannot be discussed as an unavoidable question for any society. Nevertheless, war constitutes a constant element of universal history, therefore the promotion of evidently pacifist attitudes further leads to weakening the spirit of bravery and justifiable defence and – consequently – to a moralist interpretation of war as evil in itself. Such an attitude envolves refutation of classical doctrine of formal (or just war and moves it into the abyss of anomy and wildness. To sum up, contemporary pacifist education leads to acceptance of the opinion that war exists beyond of civilisation and therefore no restriction can be imposed thereon. In this perspective, the classic enemy (hostis is not a formal enemy anymore but manifests itself morally as the essence of eviland aesthetically repulsive, i.e. as en enemy of entire mankind – the one that should be annihilated. In other words, there imerges a shy tendency to blur the difference between the enemy and the criminal. Contemporary understanding of war deprives honours and rightsto which the formal enemy is entitled and which resulted from the former doctrine of just war. The present paper id devoted to the criticism of such tendencies.

Social pathologies, false developments and the heteronomy of the social: Social theory and the negative side of recognition

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Souza Luiz Gustavo da Cunha de

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The aim of this paper is to explore a tension between two concepts designed to expose social discomforts in Axel Honneth’s mature work, namely social pathologies and anomie. Particular emphasis will be given to how they contribute or obstruct Honneth’s apprehension of social tensions. In the first session of this exposition I will show that Honneth’s interpretation of social pathologies is based on a conception of society as an organic whole (I. While this interpretation represents a slight change regarding Honneth’s understanding of social pathologies in Das Recht der Freiheit, it does not change the fact that in his work subsequent to that book the concept of false developments has not been properly theorized. Accordingly, social discomforts related to deviations from expected patterns of a normative reconstruction remain largely ignored. This calls for a perspective more fully able to grasp the heteronomy of social life (II. As a result, in Honneth’s mature work there seems to be a tension between the aims of a normative reconstruction and those of social critique, mainly due to an inability of the author to combine both elements of his social theory. In its final section (III, the paper will address that tension in order to critically contribute to Honneth’s attempt to link normative reconstruction, social analysis and criticism.

The Athletic Body.

Science.gov (United States)

Edgar, Andrew

2016-09-10

This paper seeks to explore the attraction and the beauty of the contemporary athletic body. It will be suggested that a body shaped through muscular bulk and definition has come to be seen as aesthetically normative. This body differs from the body of athletes from the early and mid-twentieth century. It will be argued that the contemporary body is not merely the result of advances in sports science, but rather that it is expressive of certain meanings and values. The visual similarity of the contemporary athletic body and that of the comic book superhero suggests that both bodies carry a similar potential for narrative story-telling, and that their attraction is bound up with this narrative potential. The superhero and athlete live meaningful lives, pursuing clear and morally unambiguous goals. The aesthetic attraction of the body lies in its capacity to facilitate the articulation of a story of a meaningful life, and to do so in the face of the growing anomie and thus meaninglessness of life as experienced in contemporary society. Athleticism offers an illusion of meaning, serving to reproduce dominant justificatory narratives and social stereotypes. Yet, as an illusion of meaning, it may be challenged and negotiated, not least with respect to its bias towards a certain form of the male body. The female athletic body disrupts the illusion, opening up new existential possibilities, new ways of living and being, and thus new, and potentially disruptive, narratives.

Social psychological origins of conspiracy theories: the case of the jewish conspiracy theory in malaysia.

Science.gov (United States)

Swami, Viren

2012-01-01

Two studies examined correlates of belief in a Jewish conspiracy theory among Malays in Malaysia, a culture in which state-directed conspiracism as a means of dealing with perceived external and internal threats is widespread. In Study 1, 368 participants from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, completed a novel measure of belief in a Jewish conspiracy theory, along with measures of general conspiracist ideation, and anomie. Initial analysis showed that the novel scale factorially reduced to a single dimension. Further analysis showed that belief in the Jewish conspiracy theory was only significantly associated with general conspiracist ideation, but the strength of the association was weak. In Study 2, 314 participants completed the measure of belief in the Jewish conspiracy theory, along with measures of general conspiracist ideation, and ideological attitudes. Results showed that belief in the Jewish conspiracy theory was associated with anti-Israeli attitudes, modern racism directed at the Chinese, right-wing authoritarianism, and social dominance orientation. General conspiracist ideation did not emerge as a significant predictor once other variables had been accounted for. These results suggest that there may be specific cultural and social psychological forces that drive belief in the Jewish conspiracy theory within the Malaysian context. Specifically, belief in the Jewish conspiracy theory among Malaysian Malays appears to serve ideological needs and as a mask for anti-Chinese sentiment, which may in turn reaffirm their perceived ability to shape socio-political processes.

The Age Peculiarities of 10 to 12 Year-Old School-children

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B. B. Badmayeva

2015-02-01

Full Text Available The paper considers the problem of children’s development transformation from the standpoints of different authors. The changes in the age borders and childhood structure along with their causes are demonstrated. The childhood crisis is described, its place in the child’s development process identified. The author emphasizes the visible discord between the worlds of adults and children: being less involved in upbringing process nowadays, adults appear to be less exact in their attitude to children; their demands lack clearness and specificity. Both teachers and adults demonstrate helplessness and aloofness, which reflects in children’s consciousness and their attitude to adults, and results in the lost sense of responsibility, infantilism, egoism and moral emptiness of growing generation. The author carried out the comparative analysis of age peculiarities of middle class schoolchildren from comprehensive school. Three development stages were singled out for 10 to 12 year-olds: local caprices, rights understanding, and affirmative functional stage. The personality formation trends concerning the modern day school children are outlined, the external and internal factors determining this formation enumerated. The following influencing phenomena are mentioned, in particular: the essential socio-economic changes, fast spreading of mass-media and computer technologies, low level of parental motivation, replacement of the value-normative system (social anomie etc. The necessity of creating socio-pedagogic conditions relating to the age peculiarities of modern school children is substantiated. 

The Age Peculiarities of 10 to 12 Year-Old School-children

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B. B. Badmayeva

2012-01-01

Full Text Available The paper considers the problem of children’s development transformation from the standpoints of different authors. The changes in the age borders and childhood structure along with their causes are demonstrated. The childhood crisis is described, its place in the child’s development process identified. The author emphasizes the visible discord between the worlds of adults and children: being less involved in upbringing process nowadays, adults appear to be less exact in their attitude to children; their demands lack clearness and specificity. Both teachers and adults demonstrate helplessness and aloofness, which reflects in children’s consciousness and their attitude to adults, and results in the lost sense of responsibility, infantilism, egoism and moral emptiness of growing generation. The author carried out the comparative analysis of age peculiarities of middle class schoolchildren from comprehensive school. Three development stages were singled out for 10 to 12 year-olds: local caprices, rights understanding, and affirmative functional stage. The personality formation trends concerning the modern day school children are outlined, the external and internal factors determining this formation enumerated. The following influencing phenomena are mentioned, in particular: the essential socio-economic changes, fast spreading of mass-media and computer technologies, low level of parental motivation, replacement of the value-normative system (social anomie etc. The necessity of creating socio-pedagogic conditions relating to the age peculiarities of modern school children is substantiated. 

Hyubris as a factor of individual criminal

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V. V. Surkov

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Criminal personality for thousands of years is the object of philosophical research. For philosophical anthropology, in particular, it is important to understand which components of human nature can be regarded as criminal. The term “hubris” that appears in ancient Greek culture, today received its second wind. It is widely used (especially in the West to refer to the human outlook, which provokes too arrogant, defiant behavior, which is a public danger. The term “hubris” is often used in criticism of certain politicians. However, we propose to expand the scope of its application also in other spheres of public life. Іn the history of criminology there are many examples of people with hubris, especially among dangerous criminals. Therefore hubris can be considered as criminogenic factor that requires research and limitations of the society. In another case, there is a situation, by analogy with the term “intoxication of power”, can be called “intoxication of impunity”. This thesis is confirmed by authoritative theories developed in criminology, sociology, psychology too. It is also consistent with some modern philosophical views on the nature of the criminal personality. Analysis of factors that stimulate the emergence and growth of hubris, suggest that most are present in a mass society. It generates anomie (loss of values that щаеут manifests as hubris that can act as criminogenic factor. Therefore, hubris reducing requires changes in the organization of social life.

Social Psychological Origins of Conspiracy Theories: The Case of the Jewish Conspiracy Theory in Malaysia

Science.gov (United States)

Swami, Viren

2012-01-01

Two studies examined correlates of belief in a Jewish conspiracy theory among Malays in Malaysia, a culture in which state-directed conspiracism as a means of dealing with perceived external and internal threats is widespread. In Study 1, 368 participants from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, completed a novel measure of belief in a Jewish conspiracy theory, along with measures of general conspiracist ideation, and anomie. Initial analysis showed that the novel scale factorially reduced to a single dimension. Further analysis showed that belief in the Jewish conspiracy theory was only significantly associated with general conspiracist ideation, but the strength of the association was weak. In Study 2, 314 participants completed the measure of belief in the Jewish conspiracy theory, along with measures of general conspiracist ideation, and ideological attitudes. Results showed that belief in the Jewish conspiracy theory was associated with anti-Israeli attitudes, modern racism directed at the Chinese, right-wing authoritarianism, and social dominance orientation. General conspiracist ideation did not emerge as a significant predictor once other variables had been accounted for. These results suggest that there may be specific cultural and social psychological forces that drive belief in the Jewish conspiracy theory within the Malaysian context. Specifically, belief in the Jewish conspiracy theory among Malaysian Malays appears to serve ideological needs and as a mask for anti-Chinese sentiment, which may in turn reaffirm their perceived ability to shape socio-political processes. PMID:22888323

O campo de detecção de normas e desvios

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Antônio Carlos Luz Costa

2008-10-01

Full Text Available A partir de uma alternativa de desenvolvimento para a teoria da anomia de Robert K. Merton, uma hipótese sobre a dinâmica do contexto social em que surgem comportamentos desviantes a normas é elaborada. Com base em conceitos de Merton, Simmel, Bourdieu e os semióticos, analisa-se: a posição do indivíduo (classificado ou não de desviante em uma estrutura que privilegia determinados sujeitos; e b como se dá esse privilégio. A hipótese de trabalho: do quanto mais capitais (econômico, social e cultural o indivíduo dispuser, menores serão suas chances de ter uma ação detectadaem um campo de detecção de normas e desvios. From an alternative development of Robert K. Merton’s anomie theory, the article Detection fi eld of social norms and social deviance discusses the dynamicssocial contexts in which behaviors deviate from social norms. From Merton, Simmel, Bourdieu and the semiotics, the article focuses on (a the position of the individual (classifi ed or not as deviant in a structure that privileges certain individuals and (b how this privilege happens. The hypothesis: the more are the capitals (economic, social, cultural someone shows, the less are the chances of having the action detected as deviant in a field of detection of norms and deviance.

Social psychological origins of conspiracy theories: The case of the Jewish conspiracy theory in Malaysia

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Viren eSwami

2012-08-01

Full Text Available Two studies examined correlates of belief in a Jewish conspiracy theory among Malays in Malaysia, a culture in which state-directed conspiracism as a means of dealing with perceived external and internal threats is widespread. In Study 1, 368 participants from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, completed a novel measure of belief in a Jewish conspiracy theory, along with measures of general conspiracist ideation and anomie. Initial analysis showed that the novel scale factorially reduced to a single dimension. Further analysis showed that belief in the Jewish conspiracy theory was only significantly associated with general conspiracist ideation, but the strength of the association was weak. In Study 2, 314 participants completed the measure of belief in the Jewish conspiracy theory, along with measures of general conspiracist ideation and ideological attitudes. Results showed that belief in the Jewish conspiracy theory was associated with anti-Israeli attitudes, modern racism directed at Chinese, right-wing authoritarianism, and social dominance orientation. General conspiracist ideation did not emerge as a significant predictor once other variables had been accounted for. These results suggest that there may be specific cultural and social psychological forces that drive belief in the Jewish conspiracy theory within the Malaysian context. Specifically, belief in the Jewish conspiracy theory among Malaysian Malays appears to serve ideological needs and as a mask for anti-Chinese sentiment, which may in turn reaffirm their perceived ability to shape socio-political processes.

A concepção durkheimiana de regulação moral da economia

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José Benevides Queiroz

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Para Durkheim, como a moral torna possível a vida social, é inverossímil pensar qualquer aspecto da sociedade que dela prescinda. A partir de tal referencial, mesmo nunca tendo tido o fenômeno econômico como objeto central de suas investigações, o sociólogo desenvolve reflexões sobre os economistas e, principalmente, sobre a vida econômica de fi ns do século XIX e início do século XX. Nosso trabalho sistematiza o pensamento econômico de Durkheim e discute alcances e limites de sua proposta para superar o estado de anomia em que a economia se encontrava. Como mostraremos, ele defendia a necessidade de submeter a economia a uma regulação moral. For Durkheim, as morals make social life possible, it is implausible to consider any aspect of society that dispenses of morality. Based on that reference, TheDurkenheimian Concept of Moral Regulation of the Economy demonstrates that, even without ever having discussed economics as the central theme ofhis investigations, the sociologist actually develops thoughts about economists and, especially, about the economic life of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.Our work systematises Durkheim’s economic thought and discusses the scope and limits of his proposal to overcome the state of anomie in which the economyfound itself. As we show, he defends the need to subject the economy to moral regulation.

Practical Application of Sociology in Systems Engineering

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Watson, Michael D.; Andrews, James G.; Eckley, Jeri Cassel; Culver, Michael L.

2017-01-01

Systems engineering involves both the integration of the system and the integration of the disciplines which develop and operate the system. Integrating the disciplines is a sociological effort to bring together different groups, who often have different terminology, to achieve a common goal, the system. The focus for the systems engineer is information flow through the organization, between the disciplines, to ensure the system is developed and operated will all relevant information informing system decisions. The practical application of the sociology in systems engineering brings in various organizational development concepts including the principles of planned renegotiation and the application of principles to address information barriers created by organizational culture. Concepts such as specification of ignorance, consistent terminology, opportunity structures, role-sets, and the reclama (reconsideration) process are all important sociological approaches that help address the organizational social structure (culture). In bringing the disciplines together, the systems engineer must also be wary of social ambivalence, social anomie, social dysfunction, and insider-outsider behavior. Unintended consequences can result when these social issues are present. These issues can occur when localized subcultures shift from the overarching organizational culture, or when the organizational culture prevents achievement of system goals. These sociological principles provide the systems engineer with key approaches to manage the information flow through the organization as the disciplines are integrated and share their information and provides key sociological barriers to information flow through the organization. This paper will discuss the practical application of sociological principles to systems engineering.

[Does work have a meaning? Basis for a positive work culture].

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Sapelli, G

2010-01-01

From the anthropological point of view work is the expression and fulfilment of the absolute spirit in the finite sense and is, by its essence, cooperation. This obliges us to reverse the question: "does work have a meaning?", to: "does work have a meaning for workers? Does it allow self-fulfilment?" Work has a meaning if the worker's psychophysical integrity is safeguarded, if by working the individual achieves self-fulfilment as a person, if it has a sense of community. Man as an "actor" achieves self-fulfilment through technical and professional competence, thereby overcoming organizational and social conflicts. Today reducing human and social relations to an economic transaction will lead to the destruction of the meaning of life and work. The study of suicide cases in France Telecom shows that a human being inserted in the working environment wants most of all to obtain recognition. He or she will accept praise or even punishment if this is done with transparency, because the person will acknowledge in such decisions a recognition of his/herself. Many enterprises and consequently many personnel managers do not, in their essence, perceive of any meaning of work, but consider only the instrumental element. The workforce cannot be considered as a commodity, work is embodied in human beings. So either people aim at self-fulfilment or fall into anomie and depression, even to the point of the destructive impulse of elimination. The re-humanization of work and the treatment of enterprises (which are "ill" because they no longer possess any meaning of work) is the challenge that awaits us.

Eastern European Transformation and Youth Attitudes toward Violence

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Berit Haußmann

2011-12-01

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Anomic Crime in Post-Welfarist Societies: Cult of the Individual, Integration Patterns and Delinquency

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Sabine Frerichs

2008-11-01

Full Text Available Post-Fordist economies come along with post-welfarist societies marked by intensified cultural individualism and increased structural inequalities. These conditions are commonly held to be conducive to relative deprivation and, thereby, anomic crime. At the same time, post-welfarist societies develop a new “balance of power” between institutions providing for welfare regulation, such as the family, the state and the (labour market—and also the penal system. These institutions are generally expected to improve social integration, ensure conformity and thus reduce anomic crime. Combining both perspectives, we analyse the effects of moral individualism, social inequality, and different integration strategies on crime rates in contemporary societies through the lenses of anomie theory. To test our hypotheses, we draw on time-series cross-section data compiled from different data sources (OECD, UN, WHO, WDI for twenty developed countries in the period 1970–2004, and run multiple regressions that control for country-specific effects. Although we find some evidence that the mismatch between cultural ideal (individual inclusion and structural reality (stratified exclusion increases the anomic pressure, whereas conservative (family-based, social-democratic (state-based and liberal (market-based integration strategies to a certain extent prove effective in controlling the incidence of crime, the results are not very robust. Moreover, reservations have to be made regarding the effects of “market” income inequality as well as familialist, unionist and liberalist employment policies that are shown to have reversed effects in our sample: the former reducing, the latter occasionally increasing anomic crime.

Religious Racism. Islamophobia and Antisemitism in Italian Society

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Alfredo Alietti

2013-11-01

Full Text Available Racism and racial prejudice, considered a relic of obsolete and outdated social systems, is emerging in the depths of ultra-modern Western societies with different characteristics from the past but with a surprising and worrying virulence. These waves of prejudice and racism testify to the many fears that fill the horizons of advanced societies, undermining not only their internal reliability, but also just their democratic settings. This paper presents a critical review of Islamophobia as a racial prejudice, showing that two main definitions are at work: Islamophobia as xeno-racism or linked to the so-called clash of civilizations. Then, it presents the outcomes coming from a Computer Assisted Telephone Interview (CATI survey led among a representative sample of the Italian population (n = 1,523 on Antisemitic and Islamophobic attitudes. The cogency and structure of anti-Muslim public discourse and connected mass attitudes, revealed by our investigation, confirm the emergency of these two relevant dimensions of Islamophobia, which claim for a more accurate definition of Islamophobia. Moreover, the distribution of anti-Semitic and Islamophobic attitudes illustrate an interesting overlapping of Islamophobia and Antisemitism which claims that racism is multi-targeted and that there is not so much options between Antisemitism and Islamophobia. Finally, we use three main variables—anomie, ethnocentrism, and authoritarianism—as predictors of Islamophobia and Antisemitism. We tested the strength of these three predictors with the aid of path technique based on multiple regression analysis, which helps to determine the direct and indirect impacts of certain independent variables on dependent variables in a hypothetical causal system.

Corruption, regionalization and local governance

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Vuković Slobodan V.

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Corruption is old almost as human societies and it was developed simultaneously with enlargement of social and political power, bureaucracy and involvement of the state into market transactions. Specific conditions that are characteristic of Serbian society and that have favorably influenced the growth of corruption are: dissolution/break up of Yugoslavia war in surroundings, economic sanctions and NATO bombing. Besides these basic causes of corruption in Serbia are state control over the economy, lack of the rule of law, and breakdown of social values, that is, anomy and poverty. The lack of the rule of law and the state control of economy, which often occur together, are older conditions, while distorted social values, that is, moral crisis and poverty are newer. Subordination of judicial system to the executive authorities enabled different sorts of bribe and corruption to be tolerated. Therefore, the corruption has spread and became contemporary method of conducting business and almost a common thing, regardless of the party composition of the authorities. This thesis is confirmed by the empirical data: 17.9% of citizens claim that all local officials and corrupted and 48.4% claim that majority of them are. On the other side, only 27.5% of citizens claim that local party officials (all of them or majority accept bribe, and 31.1% claim that only some do. Therefore, we are faced with higher interest in political engagement, because it is becoming a highly profitable occupation and posts in local government are highly appreciated because corruption profit is calculated in advance.

Les masques de la masculinité dans le recours à la chirurgie esthétique

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Michael Atkinson

2009-10-01

Full Text Available Depuis la fin des années 1990, un nombre croissant de Canadiens ont recours à la chirurgie esthétique comme véritable projet corporel. Un problème sociologique central émerge de ce recours massif. Pourquoi une pratique traditionnellement féminine devient-elle une pratique hautement signifiante pour ces Canadiens? La chirurgie plastique comme pratique culturelle équivaut à une mesure physique de l’évolution des pouvoirs entre les genres dans des pays comme le Canada. En outre, elle sert d’indicateur corporel de la manière dont les hommes vivent la crise actuelle de la masculinité. A la suite de Douglas (1970 ou Sontag (1991, le bouleversement normatif des corps, leurs modifications et leurs représentations publiques sont, en effet, des mesures corporelles des changements des relations de pouvoir entre hommes et femmes. Ces évolutions au Canada déstabilisent réellement les modèles de masculinité hégémonique, et sont directement observables à travers les modifications à même la peau de ces hommes. Ces recours chirurgicaux permettent de révéler les doutes, l’anxiété et l’anomie qui parsèment les cultures contemporaines. Ils redéfinissent les formes de ce travail corporel traditionnellement féminin. Il s’agit donc d’analyser comment les corps masculins modifiés par la chirurgie constituent une mesure aiguë du genre et un révélateur d’identités dans les sociétés comme le Canada.

NIDA-Drug Addiction Treatment Outcome Study (DATOS) Relapse as a Function of Spirituality/Religiosity.

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Schoenthaler, Stephen J; Blum, Kenneth; Braverman, Eric R; Giordano, John; Thompson, Ben; Oscar-Berman, Marlene; Badgaiyan, Rajendra D; Madigan, Margaret A; Dushaj, Kristina; Li, Mona; Demotrovics, Zsolt; Waite, Roger L; Gold, Mark S

The connection between religion/spirituality and deviance, like substance abuse, was first made by Durkheim who defined socially expected behaviors as norms. He explained that deviance is due in large part to their absence (called anomie), and concluded that spirituality lowers deviance by preserving norms and social bonds. Impairments in brain reward circuitry, as observed in Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS), may also result in deviance and as such we wondered if stronger belief in spirituality practice and religious belief could lower relapse from drugs of abuse. The NIDA Drug Addiction Treatment Outcome Study data set was used to examine post hoc relapse rates among 2,947 clients who were interviewed at 12 months after intake broken down by five spirituality measures. Our main findings strongly indicate, that those with low spirituality have higher relapse rates and those with high spirituality have higher remission rates with crack use being the sole exception. We found significant differences in terms of cocaine, heroin, alcohol, and marijuana relapse as a function of strength of religious beliefs (x 2 = 15.18, p = 0.028; logistic regression = 10.65, p = 0.006); frequency of attending religious services (x 2 = 40.78, p Durkheim's social bond theory. Stronger spiritual/religious beliefs and practices are directly associated with remission from abused drugs except crack. Much like the value of having a sponsor, for clients who abuse drugs, regular spiritual practice, particularly weekly attendance at the religious services of their choice is associated with significantly higher remission. These results demonstrate the clinically significant role of spirituality and the social bonds it creates in drug treatment programs.

„Die kriminelle Frau“ – ein „Anwendungsfall“ für die Anomietheorie? “The Criminal Woman”—A “Practice Case” for the Anomy Theory

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Gabriele Schmölzer

2008-01-01

Die von der Verfasserin vorgenommene Bearbeitung der Anomietheorie des Soziologen Robert K. Merton zielt darauf ab, „relevante Unterschiede zwischen Frauen und Männern zu finden, die den unterschiedlichen Anteil der Geschlechter bei der registrierten Kriminalität erklären können“ (S. 223). Dies gelingt insofern, als sie strukturelle Variablen herausarbeiten kann, die per se die Wahrscheinlichkeit von strafbarem Verhalten erhöhen. Das Geschlecht spielt dabei (nur) insofern eine Rolle, als der ...

Sociologia do desvio e interacionismo Sociology of deviance and interactionism

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Rita de Cássia Pereira Lima

2001-05-01

Full Text Available Este artigo é essencialmente teórico e tem como objetivo apresentar uma análise histórica não exaustiva da sociologia do desvio, privilegiando as teorias interacionistas. Inicialmente, após um breve relato sobre a aparição da sociologia do desvio em Chicago, serão comentadas três tendências que buscam analisar as causas do desvio: o funcionalismo, a anomia e o culturalismo. Em seguida, o interacionismo surge como uma proposta de rompimento com o enfoque causal. A especificidade da teoria interacionista, particularmente a "Labelling Theory" de H. Becker, encontra-se na ação coletiva e na ênfase no processo social através do qual um indivíduo ou grupo é considerado desviante pelos demais. Para finalizar, serão mencionadas algumas tendências mais recentes, por exemplo, a fenomenologia e a etnometodologia, acrescidas de algumas críticas dirigidas ao conjunto dessas teorias, especialmente por Pierre Bourdieu.This is essentially a theoretical article and it aims to present a non-exhaustive analysis of the sociology of deviance, emphasizing interactionist theories. A brief account of the emergence of the sociology of deviance in Chicago is followed by a discussion on three tendencies that are involved in analyzing the causes of deviance: functionalism, anomie and culturalism. Next, interactionism arises as a means to break up with the causal approach. The specificity of the interactionist theory, especially H. Becker's Labelling Theory, can be seen in collective action and in the emphasis on the social process through which an individual or a group is considered deviant by the others. Finally, a few of the more recent tendencies are mentioned, such as phenomenology and ethnomethodology, and the criticism directed at these theories, mainly by Pierre Bourdieu, are discussed.

Bt Jute Expressing Fused δ-Endotoxin Cry1Ab/Ac for Resistance to Lepidopteran Pests

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Shuvobrata Majumder

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Jute (Corchorus sp. is naturally occurring, biodegradable, lignocellulosic-long, silky, golden shiny fiber producing plant that has great demands globally. Paper and textile industries are interested in jute because of the easy availability, non-toxicity and high yield of cellulosic biomass produced per acre in cultivation. Jute is the major and most industrially used bast fiber-producing crop in the world and it needs protection from insect pest infestation that decreases its yield and quality. Single locus integration of the synthetically fused cry1Ab/Ac gene of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt in Corchorus capsularis (JRC 321 by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated shoot tip transformation provided 5 potent Bt jute lines BT1, BT2, BT4, BT7 and BT8. These lines consistently expressed the Cry1Ab/Ac endotoxin ranging from 0.16 to 0.35 ng/mg of leaf, in the following generations (analyzed upto T4. The effect of Cry1Ab/Ac endotoxin was studied against 3 major Lepidopteran pests of jute- semilooper (Anomis sabulifera Guenee, hairy caterpillar (Spilarctia obliqua Walker and indigo caterpillar (Spodoptera exigua Hubner by detached leaf and whole plant insect bioassay on greenhouse-grown transgenic plants. Results confirm that larvae feeding on transgenic plants had lower food consumption, body size, body weight and dry weight of excreta compared to non-transgenic controls. Insect mortality range among transgenic feeders was 66–100% for semilooper and hairy caterpillar and 87.50% for indigo caterpillar. Apart from insect resistance, the transgenic plants were at par with control plants in terms of agronomic parameters and fiber quality. Hence, these Bt jutes in the field would survive Lepidopteran pest infestation, minimize harmful pesticide usage and yield good quality fiber.

Suicide and the Great Recession of 2007-2009: the role of economic factors in the 50 U.S. states.

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Phillips, Julie A; Nugent, Colleen N

2014-09-01

After several decades of decline, U.S. suicide rates have risen since 2005, a trend driven largely by increases among those aged 45-64 that began in 1999. A prominent explanation for this pattern relates to deteriorating economic conditions, especially the sharp rise in unemployment associated with the Great Recession of 2007-2009. We pool data from 1997 to 2010 on the 50 U.S. states to examine the role of economic factors in producing the recent rise in suicide rates. Unlike prior studies, we examine trends in the total suicide rate and in the rate disaggregated by sex, age group and time period and include a number of important confounding factors in a multivariate analysis. We find a strong positive association between unemployment rates and total suicide rates over time within states. The association appears stronger in states that had higher female labor force participation rates over the period, suggesting that the Great Recession may generate greater levels of anomie in this context. Once we consider contextual factors such as female labor force participation, we find that rising unemployment had a similar adverse effect on male and female suicide rates. A positive effect of unemployment on temporal variation in middle-aged suicide exists but not for other age groups. Other economic characteristics, such as percent of manufacturing jobs and per capita income, are not associated with temporal variation in suicide rates within states but are associated with variation between states in suicide rates. The findings suggest that the following may be important components of effective prevention strategies: 1) specifically targeting employers and workplaces as important stakeholders in the prevention of suicide, 2) disseminating information about health risks tied to un/employment, and 3) linking the unemployed to mental health resources. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Alchohol Consumption Practices in the Koryak Community

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Lyudmila N. Khakhovskaya

2016-12-01

Full Text Available The article is dedicated to the analysis of alcohol consumption practices within the Koryak ethno-cultural community. The aim of the article is to understand how the reasons for alcohol consumption are explained within the framework of the community. The analysis is based on the ideas of Durkheim’s social theory. The author of the article claims that the practice of consuming alcohol is essentially connected with the more archaic practice of mushroom consumption since both have a grounding in the Koryak perception of the world. The analysed models of behaviour stem from appropriate Koryak epistemology and ontology, which themselves are based on the notion of the ‘other world’ and communication with supernatural entities (spirits. The isomorphism of consuming alcohol and amanita intoxication reflects the inner core of this connection: the Koryak believe that an entity enters the human body and controls their actions. The transition from one type of intoxication to another is accompanied by drastic transformation of the materiality of the consumed product, which, in turn, leads towards social transformations. Such social changes are qualified as anomie by the author of the article. The visual materiality of the amanita mushroom dictated its symbolic anthropomorphism and creation of special rules for the treatment (amanita codex. The physical amorphousness of vodka does not imply the same intellectual work. The author claims that this factor was one of the reasons why the Koryak do not have social regulations about vodka consumption – which leads to mass alcoholism. It is possible that indigenous communities have difficulties in working out the required social regulations because of the complexities surrounding the non-utilitarian treatment of the unusual materiality of vodka.

El conflicto interno colombiano. Identidad, solidaridad y conflicto social

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Parales, Carlos J.

2004-08-01

Full Text Available The article draws links between the concepts of identity, solidarity and social conflict. It argues that, since feelings of identification favor social cohesion, when the construction of national identity does not achieve positive expression it fails to produce solidarity. In Colombia the ambivalent and forced character of the Independence movement resulted, among other things, in an imperfect construction of national identity and led to turbulent history of violence and segregation. The consequence has been difficult social bonds, hostile forms of social contact, and the development of what has been described as one of the most impressive contemporary examples of anomie. Based on Durkheim's sociology, the article suggests that the conflict in Colombia is basically a moral problem and must be treated as such, as this is the only way to see in this conflict an opportunity for social change.

Este artículo esboza posibles relaciones entre los conceptos de identidad nacional, solidaridad y conflicto social, apoyándose en la sociología de Durkheim. Se argumenta que, dado que la identificación favorece la cohesión social, cuando la conformación de identidad nacional no logra expresiones constructivas no consigue producir solidaridad. En Colombia el carácter forzado y ambivalente del movimiento independentista resultó, entre otras consecuencias, en una construcción problemática de la identidad nacional y ha provocado una historia turbulenta de violencia y segregación. Las consecuencias se manifiestan en la alteración de los vínculos sociales y el desarrollo de lo que se ha calificado como uno de los ejemplos contemporáneos más dramáticos de anomia. El artículo sugiere que el conflicto colombiano es básicamente un problema moral.

The thoughts of reconstructing the current difficulty of the contemporary Chinese ethics

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青岛大学马克思主义学院，山东青岛266003

2016-01-01

With the deepening of the reform and opening up and socialist market economy and development of China’s traditional ethics appeared between theory and reality, in addition to official corruption, all kinds of unfair distribution and the impact of the virtual network, facing national ethics identity crisis in contemporary China, all sorts of ethical problems, moral anomie and spirit flaw phenomenon is serious. Therefore, must be based on national conditions, dialectical treatment of traditional ethics and foreign ethics culture, correctly handle the relationship between efficiency and fairness, to strengthen the power restriction and supervision system, improve the modern market new order and new network moral order, promote the construction of a new moral ethics to satisfy the needs of The Times.%随着改革开放和社会主义市场经济的深入和发展，我国传统的伦理理论与现实出现了脱节，加之官员腐败、各种分配不公以及虚拟网络的冲击等原因，当代中国面临着国家伦理认同危机，各种伦理问题突出，道德失范和精神缺失现象严重。因此，必须立足国情，辩证的对待传统伦理及外来伦理文化，正确处理效率与公平的关系，强化权力运行制约和监督体系，完善建立现代市场新秩序和网络道德新秩序，推动适应时代需要的伦理新道德的构建。

Mobile communication and new sense of places: a critique of spatialization in cyberculture Mobile communication and new sense of places: a critique of spatialization in cyberculture

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André Lemos

2009-06-01

Full Text Available The underlying idea of this paper can be expressed as follows: informational mobile technologies have enabled new means of communication and sociability based on what I call "informational territories". What is at stake here is to question some visions about the relationship between informational technologies and place, territory, community and mobility. I will argue that, under the label of "locative media", new mobile technologies are creating new forms of territorialization (control, surveillance, tracking and new meanings of space, place, and territory, contradicting the theory of "non-place" or "no sense of place". Moreover, this impels us to argue the ideas of anomie and isolation with the emergence of new forms of sociability and community created by location-based services. Comunicação móvel e o novo sentido dos lugares: crítica da espacialização na cibercultura — A ideia básica deste artigo pode ser colocada da seguinte forma: tecnologias informacionais móveis têm permitindo novas formas de comunicação e sociabilidade com base naquilo que chamo de "territórios informacionais". O que está em jogo aqui é uma nova relação entre as tecnologias informacionais e as dimensões do local, do território, da comunidade e da mobilidade. Vamos mostrar como as novas tecnologias móveis, sob o rótulo de "mídias locativas", criam novas formas de territorialização (controle, vigilância, monitoramento e, contra as tese de "não-lugar" ou de um "não sentido dos lugares", o que estamos vendo são novas significações no espaço público urbano. Além disso, discutiremos as ideias de anomia e de isolamento com o surgimento de formas de sociabilidade e de vínculo comunitário criadas pelos serviços baseados em localização (LBS.

Algunas puntualizaciones psicoanalíticas sobre Durkheim Some psychoanalytical views about Durkheim

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Osvaldo Umérez

2005-12-01

Full Text Available Es el objetivo del siguiente trabajo realizar una lectura psicoanalítica de los aportes de Emile Durkheim al entendimiento de la crisis de los lazos sociales producto de la "sociedad industrial", centrándonos en las nociones de "anomia" y "mal de lo infinito"que dicho autor utilizara para dar cuenta del descontento del hombre en la sociedad de tales características. Sostenemos la vigencia de su pensamiento en el acercamiento a lo actual y realizamos un retorno a dicho autor mediante conceptualizaciones freudianas y lacanianas. Desde Freud, se aborda la perspectiva propuesta en relación al malestar en la cultura y la imposibilidad del hombre para llevar a cabo el programa del principio del placer. Desde Lacan, se trabaja la noción de Superyó en tanto imperativo de goce , la resignificación del concepto de castración y la cuestión de la femeneidad. Esta última trabajada por los tres autores mencionados como excepción a la ley universal.The aim of the following paper is to make a psychoanalytical approach to the contributions of Emile Durkheim to the understanding of the social relationship crisis produced by the "industrial society", highlighting the notions of "anomy" and "infinite evil" which that author used to show the discontent of the man in a society with those characteristics. His standing thought is supported as a way of approaching the present time and a return to the ideas of the author is made through concepts from Freud and Lacan. From Freud, the perspective proposed in connection to the cultural malaise is studied as well as the impossibility of the man to carry out the pleasure principle programme. From Lacan, the notion of the Superego as an imperative of enjoyment, the reappraisal of the concept of castration and the femineity matter are considered. This last issue has been elaborated by the three authors mentioned as an exception to the universal law.

[Forensic importance of homicide].

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Novaković, Milan

2009-01-01

This study encompassed the total number of homicides in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) in the period from 1st January 1997 to 31st December 2006 and then analysed homicidal behaviour. The aim is to assess the differences between the people who committed violent and those who committed accidental homicide in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In a multicentric, retrospective study of comparing the groups with equal number of respondents we analysed the individuals who had committed violent (n=135) and accidental homicides (n=135). The homicides were tested by using sociodemographic and psychosocial items. Measurement instruments were: General data list, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Emotions Profile Index (EPI). The descriptive and multivariable logistic analysis was done statistically. In the descriptive analysis the socio-demographically violent murderers were: male gender (chi 2=3.340, P=0.009), more workers than officials (chi 2=7.340, P=0.011), fathers were more often workers/farmers (chi 2=1.430, P=0.046), gambling (chi 2=13.100, P=0.001) and possible recidivism (chi 2=6.770, a P=0.001). The accidental murderers were family people (chi 2=4.100, P=0.041), with more frequent drug abuse (chi 2=3.190, P=0.012) and they would not repeat the delict. In the multivariate analysis the violent murderers were highly discriminated (P=0.001) from accidental ones by: war involvement r=0.1148, OR=2.971 (95%), CI=1.040-7.890; age, father's education, psychoticism (EPQ) r =-0.1085, OR=0.291 (95%), CI=0.110-0870, HDRS-total r=-0.1797, OR=0.830 (95%), CI=0.710-0.930, destructiveness r=0.1270, OR=1.560 (95%), (CI=1.197-2.032, and deprivation in the P. I. E. tests. By the violence of their acts murderers confirm micro-social model of transferring the violence, and transition and heredity confirm the ecological-developmental trans-generation model of violence. Accidental murderers commit homicide in anomy, with intoxications and prolonged

Do schools differ in suicide risk? the influence of school and neighbourhood on attempted suicide, suicidal ideation and self-harm among secondary school pupils

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Young Robert

2011-11-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Rates of suicide and poor mental health are high in environments (neighbourhoods and institutions where individuals have only weak social ties, feel socially disconnected and experience anomie - a mismatch between individual and community norms and values. Young people spend much of their time within the school environment, but the influence of school context (school connectedness, ethos and contextual factors such as school size or denomination on suicide-risk is understudied. Our aim is to explore if school context is associated with rates of attempted suicide and suicide-risk at age 15 and self-harm at age 19, adjusting for confounders. Methods A longitudinal school-based survey of 1698 young people surveyed when aged 11, (primary school, 15 (secondary school and in early adulthood (age 19. Participants provided data about attempted suicide and suicide-risk at age 15 and deliberate self-harm at 19. In addition, data were collected about mental health at age 11, social background (gender, religion, etc., and at age 15, perception of local area (e.g. neighbourhood cohesion, safety/civility and facilities, school connectedness (school engagement, involvement, etc. and school context (size, denomination, etc.. A dummy variable was created indicating a religious 'mismatch', where pupils held a different faith from their school denomination. Data were analysed using multilevel logistic regression. Results After adjustment for confounders, pupils attempted suicide, suicide-risk and self-harm were all more likely among pupils with low school engagement (15-18% increase in odds for each SD change in engagement. While holding Catholic religious beliefs was protective, attending a Catholic school was a risk factor for suicidal behaviours. This pattern was explained by religious 'mismatch': pupils of a different religion from their school were approximately 2-4 times more likely to attempt suicide, be a suicide-risk or self

Political myths and totalitarianism: an anthropological analysis of their causal interrelationship.

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Svilicić, Niksa; Maldini, Pero

2014-06-01

This paper discusses the key political, anthropological and socio-cultural functions of political myths in the appearance and functioning of totalitarian regimes. A special emphasis is put on structural elements of the myth (mythemes) and the mythic content (narratives) in the processes of artificial construction of a new society (community) based on the myth-inspired ideological postulates. The paper argues that the establishment of totalitarianism marked a certain anthropological devolution. This devolution, in turn, proceeds through the deconstruction of civil society as an organic social sphere and the artificial construction of a new political community based on ideological postulates and political myths. In support of this assertion, it is first shown how the mythical narratives--transformed into political concepts and programs--were the basis of (re)interpretation of the world, society and individual, and essentially determined the nature and functioning of the totalitarian regimes. Then, the specific political myths are analyzed and compared, as well as their content and origin, and particularly their dual function. It in turn is analyzed in the framework of the classical society-community dichotomy, where the (civil) society is founded socio-politically on the social contract, and the (political) community socio-anthropologically on political myth. In a situation of identity and legitimacy crisis, anomie and the weakening of social cohesion--the characteristic conditions of the great economic and political crisis of the early twentieth century that enabled the emergence of totalitarianism--society as a contracting community does not work. A strong need for meaning (at the individual and societal level) affects the citizens' susceptibility to (political) concepts of (re)constitution of (political) community with which they can identify. Right there, totalitarian movements use the cohesive power of the political myth that replaces the rationally based

Public health and peace.

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Laaser, Ulrich; Donev, Donco; Bjegović, Vesna; Sarolli, Ylli

2002-04-01

The modern concept of public health, the New Public Health, carries a great potential for healthy and therefore less aggressive societies. Its core disciplines are health promotion, environmental health, and health care management based on advanced epidemiological methodologies. The main principles of living together in healthy societies can be summarized as four ethical concepts of the New Public Health essential to violence reduction equity, participation, subsidiarity, and sustainability. The following issues are discussed as violence determinants: the process of urbanization; type of neighborhood and accommodation, and consequent stigmatization; level of education; employment status; socialization of the family; women's status; alcohol and drug consumption; availability of the firearms; religious, ethnic, and racial prejudices; and poverty. Development of the health systems has to contribute to peace, since aggression, violence, and warfare are among the greatest risks for health and the economic welfare. This contribution can be described as follows: 1) full and indiscriminate access to all necessary services, 2) monitoring of their quality, 3) providing special support to vulnerable groups, and 4) constant scientific and public accountability of the evaluation of the epidemiological outcome. Violence can also destroy solidarity and social cohesion of groups, such as family, team, neighborhood, or any other social organization. Durkheim coined the term anomie for a state in which social disruption of the community results in health risks for individuals. Health professionals can make a threefold contribution to peace by 1) analyzing the causal interrelationships of violence phenomena, 2) curbing the determinants of violence according to the professional standards, and 3) training professionals for this increasingly important task. Because tolerance is an essential part of an amended definition of health, monitoring of the early signs of public intolerance is

Aslı Erdoğan'ın Anlatılarında Ontolojik Sorunlar Ontological Problems in Aslı Erdoğan's Narratives

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Mehmet ÖZGER

2012-12-01

Full Text Available The issue of existence in Aslı Erdoğan's narratives will be examined in this article. Aslı Erdoğan is one of the leading female autor in the last term Turkish Literature. Having written sort stories, novelsand essays the autor became famous with her artistic creativity. It canbe talked about two interwoven adventures in Aslı Erdoğan’s Works.The adventures in the outside world are accompanied by the heroes’adventures of an inner worlds. Heroes appear to be almost all alone, nothold, competing with backgrounds and themselves, living in a constantfeeling of emptiness and nothingness, who are looking to a meaningtoward lack and devastation in their lives. In this context, it seems thatexistential concepts and trajectory are in the forefront rather than plotin which speeches and interviews gained density. The circumstancesand details which shape human existence and attitude toward life areemphasized. The main problem of the narrative heroes is the alienationand the other existential problems that we see in narrative areconditions that become visible with other existential alienationproblems. It is seen that heroes are alienated particularly againstthemselves, environment and society. In this respect in the alienation ofnarrative, as a type of alienation themes like individual anomie andaccordingly, solitude, nothingness / space, escape / exile, death andsuicide and so on stand out. This narrative themes are important inrevealing the psychological world of the heroes as well as to reveal thepsychology of the author. Bu yazıda Aslı Erdoğan’ın anlatılarında varoluş sorunsalı incelenecektir. Aslı Erdoğan son dönem Türk edebiyatının önemli kadın yazarlarından biridir. Öykü, roman, deneme türlerinde eserler kaleme alan sanatçı, sanatsal yaratıcılık yeteneğiyle adından söz ettirmeyi başarmıştır. Aslı Erdoğan’ın eserlerinde iç içe geçmiş iki serüvenden bahsedilebilir. Kahramanların dış dünyadaki ser

Self Presentation, Performance Anomie and Media Landscape%自我呈现、表演失范与媒介景观——表演学视域下的足球文化探析

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梁林

2012-01-01

从词源上看，表演本身是一个中性行为，不仅存在于戏剧舞台和电影电视场域．而且是人类日常生活中的普适性行为。从这个意义上说．足球文化是一种表演文化．足球运动是绿茵场上的自我呈现。作为一项具有竞争性的群体游戏，社会规范是足球表演的基石和灵魂。然而．现代足球的规范本性在眼花缭乱的利益纷争中渐渐迷失。足球运动作为一种大众表演，乃是大众传媒与足球文化合谋的产物．这种共谋直接催生了现代社会的媒介景观。随着传媒消费主义的盛行，媒介景观过分渲染了足球作为游戏表演的娱乐性而忽视了其社会表演的规范性．导致了足球文化的自我迷失和价值迷乱。%Performance is a neutral behavior which happens not only on the theatre stage and in the cinema but also in the daily life. The football culture is a performance culture and a self presentation in the court. As a competitive group sport, the social regulation is the basis and soul of the football performance. However, the nature of the modem football regulation gradually disappeared. As a public performance, football is the combination product of public press and football culture, which produces the media landscape of modem society. The media landscape contributes to the entertainment na- ture of football and the disappearance of its regulation, which leads to the self loss and value loss of the football culture.

Dificultades de integración social en personas depresivas con pensamientos de suicidio Social integration difficulties in depressive people with suicidal thoughts

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Pilar Montesó-Curtó

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Justificación: el suicidio es un tema de reflexión para las ciencias médicas pero también para las ciencias sociales. Durkheim analiza el suicidio y describe el estado de anomia -sin normas-, en el cual la ciudadanía, como resultado de un cambio rápido, pierde su conexión con la sociedad y su fe en las reglas sociales y en las instituciones, llevando al individuo a la desesperación y al suicidio. Objetivo: identificar las dificultades de integración social en personas depresivas con pensamientos de suicidio. Metodología: se realiza un estudio cualitativo que forma parte de una investigación más amplia sobre depresión. Antes de realizar la entrevista administramos un cuestionario con datos sociodemográficos, datos sobre depresión y causas identificadas, así como también el test de ansiedad-depresión de Goldberg. Posteriormente se realiza una entrevista en profundidad que la hemos denominado historia de vida. Se realizan entrevistas a 66 personas diagnosticadas de depresión, 52 mujeres y 14 hombres previo consentimiento. De éstas se analizan las que han tenido ideas o intentos de suicidio. Resultados: en muchos de los entrevistados que han pensado o han intentado el suicidio lo que les ha impedido hacerlo es la familia y los hijos. Conclusión: el apoyo social es identificado como el principal factor que ha impedido el suicidio.Rationale: suicide is a subject of investigation for the medical sciences but also social sciences. Durkheim examines suicide and describes the state of anomie, without rules, in which citizenship as a result of rapid change, loses its connection with society and his belief in social rules and institutions, leading to individual despair and suicide. Objective: identify the social integration difficulties in depressive people with suicidal thoughts. Methodology: we performed a qualitative study is part of a broader research on depression. Before the interview administered a questionnaire with demographic

Cultura de la ilegalidad en Medellín y su asociación con diversas formas de violencia/ Culture of illegality in Medellin and its association with various forms of violence

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Luis Fernando Duque

2013-05-01

iniquity perception. After living in a violent neighborhood, anomie is the principal risk factor to most of violence studied forms. Having a vigilant mother is a negatively associated factor to most of studied violent aggressive forms (associated to 80-90% armed assaults and 50% to unarmed robberies. Conclusion: There is a very high illegality culture in Medellin and metropolitan area, which seems to be product of iniquity perception, and appears to be associated to most of aggressions studied, and is lower only to association with living in a violent neighborhood

Técnicas extractivas y preparativas en Paleontología: Aspectos ambientales y de seguridad laboral

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Daniel L. Melendi

2009-06-01

y daño que afectan la salud así como de factores de riesgo y de probables conductas disfuncionales que los propician. Este trabajo, además de un breve análisis de los aspectos técnicos del trabajo paleontológico, presenta información de contexto, introduce en la problemática de los riesgos, expone los marcos normativos y desarrolla una interpretación de las posibles causas que explicarían el incumplimiento de lo establecido en materia de seguridad laboral. Propone también posibles estrategias destinadas a mitigar, corregir y revertir este problema.Extractive and preparation techniques in Paleontology. Environmental aspects and labor safety. The objective of this paper is to analyze the working conditions in which the paleontologic work is developed, especially in Paleopalynology and Paleovertebrat ology. This analysis is also valid for other academic and scientific activities. During fieldwork and in the paleontologic research a wide range of processes are applied, which proceed from the fields of physics and chemistry. They are characterized by different degrees of complexity and present different types of risks for the people who apply them, for other people, for physical objects and for the environment. For the applications of all these technical activities, some aspects must be taken into account that are not perceived as scientific matter and consequently do not receive attention: the safety of working conditions. This situation determines a state of precarious conditions of the labor environment and certain degree of stress, which potentiates the generation of accidents and damages and is hurting the legislation and the codes of professional ethics. The violation and absence of application of these rules are occurring frequently. The origin of this behavior may be due to the lack of knowledge and interest, and a certain degree of collective anomie that characterizes our society. In our labor environment -even without existing statistics- the cases

Diseases of poverty and lifestyle, well-being and human development.

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Singh, Ajai R; Singh, Shakuntala A

2008-01-01

on a robust mix of the temporal and the spiritual, with vibrant indigenous biomedical and related disciplines, for example, Ayurveda, Yoga, etc. It also has a burgeoning corpus of modern biomedical knowledge in active conversation with the rest of the world. It should be especially careful that, while it does not negate the fruits of economic development and scientific/biomedical advance that seem to beckon it in this century, it does not also forget the values that have added meaning and purpose to life; values that the ancients bequeathed it, drawn from their experiential knowledge down the centuries.The means that the developed have could combine with the recipes to make them meaningful that the developing have. That is the challenge ahead for mankind as it gropes its way out of poverty, disease, despair, alienation, anomie, and the ubiquitous all-devouring lifestyle stresses, and takes halting steps towards well-being and the glory of human development.