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Sample records for angustifolia como material

  1. Estudio exploratorio de los laminados de bambú Guadua angustifolia como material estructural

    OpenAIRE

    López,Luis Felipe; Correal,Juan Francisco

    2009-01-01

    Este artículo presenta los resultados de un estudio experimental, desarrollado en la Universidad de los Andes en Bogotá D.C., Colombia, acerca del potencial de los laminados de guadua (Guadua angustifolia Kunt) como material estructural. La influencia de la dirección de las fibras y de la ubicación de las láminas de guadua en las propiedades mecánicas es discutida en detalle. Los esfuerzos de diseño a compresión, tracción, corte y flexión de los laminados de guadua son comparados con los resp...

  2. Characterization of an Antimicrobial Extract from Elaeagnus angustifolia

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    Mohammad Hossein Dehghan

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available Background: According to ethnobotanical data, Elaeagnus angustifolia fruit has wound healing activity, anti-inflammatory effect and antifebrile prosperities. Objectives: This study was performed as to the best of our knowledge; there has been no scientific report on the characterization of antimicrobial effect of E. angustifolia extract. Materials and Methods: An aqueous extract of Elaeagnus angustifolia was prepared and antimicrobial activity tests were performed on various target cultures. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC of the extract was done using the broth dilution technique. To characterize the extract, shelf life, thermal and pH stability, effects of detergents such as Tween 80, Tween 20, Triton X100, toluene and enzymes on the antimicrobial activity of Elaeagnus angustifolia extract, were examined. Results: The MIC values ranged from 7.5 to 0.1 mg/mL, showing maximum activity (1.62 mg/mL against E. coli. Similarly, the MBC of the extract against E. coli was 1.62 mg/mL. Antimicrobial activity of the extract was relatively stable when kept in the refrigerator for 60 days. The antimicrobial activity of Elaeagnus angustifolia extract was absolutely stable at temperatures up to 700° C. After exposure of the Elaeagnus angustifolia extract to different pH solutions in the range of 4-10, almost 100% residual activity was found against E. coli at pH 4, 5, 6, and 7. Treatment of the extract with detergents, lipase and lysozyme eliminated its antimicrobial activity. Conclusions: Our study gives an indication of the presence of promising antimicrobial compounds and provides basic information about the nature of the Elaeagnus angustifolia extract. Future studies should elucidate the components responsible for antimicrobial activity of these extracts against target cultures.

  3. Biological activities of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil

    OpenAIRE

    Bílková, Zuzana

    2013-01-01

    Zuzana Bílková, Biological activities of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil, Thesis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, thesis author: PharmDr. Jan Martin, PhD., Hradec Králové, 2013, 72 pages. The thesis called "Biological activities of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil" is interested in biological activities of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil, specifically antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxicity, nematicidal and repellency activit...

  4. Micropropagation of Guadua angustifolia Kunth (Poaceae) using a ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    The micropropagation of Guadua angustifolia Kunth, commonly known as giant bamboo, using semisolid culture medium, is reported to have low multiplication rates. This study evaluated the multiplication index of G. angustifolia in a temporary immersion system (RITA®), comparing results with those obtained using a ...

  5. guadua Angustifolia Kunth

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    JAIRO ALEXANDER OSORIO S.

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available La carga a compresión evaluada al límite de proporcionalidad en elementos cortos de Guadua angustifolia kunth fue relacionada con algunos parámetros físicos tales como el diámetro externo e interno, espesor de la pared, densidad aparente, número de entrenudos y contenido de humedad. Los elementos de Guadua fueron sometidos a compresión según las normas ISO-TC 165 dadas por el INBAR (1999. Los resultados estadísticos mostraron que para predecir el comportamiento de la carga en el límite de proporcionalidad de elementos cortos de Guadua, los parámetros de mayor incidencia son el diámetro externo (De y el espesor total de la pared (e, para los cuales se obtuvo una correlación con un nivel de confianza del 95%. Un valor de 27,15 MPa con un coeficiente de variación del 16% fue encontrado para el esfuerzo a compresión evaluado al límite de proporcionalidad. Además se estableció un modelo aproximado para la densidad aparente de la Guadua según el contenido de humedad.

  6. Potencial dos biflavonóides de Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Kuntze como antioxidantes e fotoprotetores

    OpenAIRE

    Lydia Fumiko Yamaguchi

    2004-01-01

    A Araucaria angustifolia é uma conífera endêmica das regiões sul e sudeste do Brasil sendo considerada uma espécie em extinção devido ao extenso extrativismo madeireiro. Atualmente, existem inúmeros projetos visando o reflorestamento e o uso sustentável deste pinheiro. Em vista destes pontos, o estudo das propriedades dos componentes das folhas com o intuito da utilização destes com fins comerciais tornou-se de extrema importância. As suas folhas foram submetidas à extração com solventes e fo...

  7. Uso del bambú como material de construcción en estructuras no convencionales en la ciudad de Huancayo

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    Vladimir Montoya Torres

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo logrado ha sido la experimentación del uso del bambú como material de construcción en estructuras que generen espacios no convencionales. Esta investigación fue de nivel descriptivo, diseño transversal; se aplicaron mediciones de porcentaje de humedad en el bambú con el propósito de medir su resistencia en climas de aire seco. Se escogió la ciudad de Chanchamayo como fuente de materia prima, y para el proceso constructivo se eligió la ciudad de Huancayo, ambas provincias del departamento de Junín. Como resultados de este trabajo, se ha seleccionado material para la construcción, luego se procedió a seccionar las muestras que presentaban un 80 % de humedad en sus fibras, al finalizar el proceso constructivo evidenciaba que la humedad bajó a un 60 %; luego se construyó una estructura sencilla usando herramientas manuales para ensamblar un paraboloide hiperbólico utilizando la especie de bambú (Guadua angustifolia Kunth. Entre las conclusiones a las cuales se arribó, podemos mencionar que, se logró construir una propuesta geométrica no convencional de manera sencilla y rápida, proponiendo así una estructura no convencional; se desarrolló un rápido ensamble, y su edificación fue favorable al momento de construir; el material sufrió una pérdida de humedad provocada por el clima seco de la ciudad de Huancayo, situación que generó fisuras en las superficies del bambú utilizado, esto demuestra que el material es vulnerable a cambios de espacio geográfico y clima.

  8. Seed germination of Phillyrea angustifolia L., a species of difficult propagation

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mira, Sara; Arnal, Alberto; Pérez-García, Félix

    2017-11-01

    Aim of study: The purpose was to determine the type of dormancy and the optimal germination conditions of Phillyrea angustifolia (Oleaceae) seeds. Area of study: Germination requirements of P. angustifolia seeds collected from wild plants growing in the province of Ávila (Central Spain) were studied. Materials and methods: Seed water uptake was measured. Seeds with and without an endocarp were germinated at different temperatures, and several treatments were tested. Main results: The lignified endocarp interferes mechanically with the emergence of the radicle, and the treatments that achieved the highest germination percentages were the total removal of the endocarp with pliers (84%) or the immersion in liquid nitrogen for 1 min (97%). Scarification with concentrated sulphuric acid did not significantly increase germination compared to the control seeds, and treatments with dry heat or wet heat were detrimental to seed germination. The optimum temperature for germination was 15 ºC. A pre-sowing treatment of soaking in distilled water for 24 h slightly increased germination speed. Neither cold stratification at 5 ºC nor soaking in a gibberellic acid solution improved seed germination. Research highlights: Phillyrea angustifolia seeds have physiological dormancy – that is, the embryo does not have enough growth potential to overcome the mechanical restriction of the lignified endocarp. The seeds do not exhibit physical dormancy, given their water-permeable lignified endocarp. Our results suggest that the optimum germination protocol for P. angustifolia would be the total removal of the endocarp or immersion in liquid nitrogen for 1 min, followed by immersion in distilled water for 24 h and then seed incubation at 15 ºC in light or darkness.

  9. [Histo-anatomical researches of two subspecies of Lavandula angustifolia Mill].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Robu, Silvia; Galeş, Ramona; Toma, C; Stănescu, Ursula

    2011-01-01

    The structure of the inflorescences of two subspecies of Lavandula angustifolia sL. angustifolia ssp. angustifolia and. L. angustifolia ssp. pyrenaica (D.C.) Guineaţ was studied to determine the range of variation in certain histo-anatomical characters. The flower and leaf structure has been analysed on cross and superficial section using the usual techniques and methods applied in plant histo-anatomical research. In cross-section, inflorescence axis has a squared-shape contour, with four proeminent ribs. On the epiderme of inflorescence axis there are present stomata, trichoms and secretory hairs. The trichoms are pluricelullar and T-branched. The secretory hairs have a short pedicel and a uni-or bicellular head. The study revealed that there are only quantitative differences, referring to the degree of sclerification and lignification of mechanical elements and the size of the vascular bundles.

  10. Antioxidant and Antigenotoxic Activities of the Brazilian Pine Araucaria angustifolia (Bert. O. Kuntze

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    Márcia O. Souza

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Polyphenols are natural products with recognized potential in drug discovery and development. We aimed to evaluate the polyphenolic profile of Araucaria angustifolia bracts, and their ability to scavenge reactive species. The antioxidant and antigenotoxic effects of A. angustifolia polyphenols in MRC5 human lung fibroblast cells were also explored. The total polyphenol extract of A. angustifolia was determined by the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent and the chemical composition was confirmed by HPLC. Reactive oxygen species’ scavenging ability was investigated by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH method and superoxide dismutase- and catalase-like activities. The protective effect of the extract in MRC5 cells was carried out by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method and the determination of oxidative lipids, protein, and DNA (alkaline and enzymatic comet assay damage. Total phenolic content of the A. angustifolia extract was 1586 ± 14.53 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g of bracts. Catechin, epicatechin, quercetin, and apigenin were the major polyphenols. The extract was able to scavenge DPPH radicals and exhibited potent superoxide dismutase and catalase-like activities. Moreover, A. angustifolia extract significantly protected MRC5 cells against H2O2-induced mortality and oxidative damage to lipids, proteins, and DNA. Therefore, A. angustifolia has potential as a source of bioactive chemical compounds.

  11. Lavandula angustifolia Miller: English lavender.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Denner, Sallie Stoltz

    2009-01-01

    Folk and traditional therapeutic use of the essential oil of English lavender for pain, infection, relaxation, and sedation dates back centuries. Current research focusing on the inherent synergism of Lavandula angustifolia Miller demonstrates great potential for future applications. Today's investigations may provide the key to eradicating degenerative inflammatory disease, infectious disease, and carcinogenesis.

  12. [Chemical constituents of Swertia angustifolia].

    Science.gov (United States)

    He, Kang; Cao, Tuan-wu; Wang, Hong-ling; Geng, Chang-an; Zhang, Xue-mei; Chen, Ji-jun

    2015-09-01

    This present work is to study the chemical constituents of Swertia angustifolia. The whole plants of air-dried Swertia angustifolia was extracted with 90% EtOH. The water extract was suspended in H2O and extracted with petroleum ether, EtOAc and nBuOH, successively. The compounds were isolated and purified by column chromatography from the EtOAc fraction, and identified based on spectral analyses (MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR). Fourteen compounds were isolated and characterized as 1, 8-dihydroxy-3, 7-dimethoxyxanthone (1), 1, 8-dihydroxy-3, 5, 7-trimethoxyxanthone (2), 7-hydroxy-3, 8-dimethoxyxanthone-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), 8-0-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-6) -β-D-glucopyranosyl] -1, 7-dihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone (4), (+) -syringaresinol (5), ferulic acid (6), trans-coniferyl aldehyde (7), sinapaldehyde (8), trans-coniferyl alcohol (9), 3, 4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (10), 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (11), isophthalic acid (12), 2-furoic acid (13), and 2-methyl-4(3H)-quinazolinone(14). Compounds 2-14 were obtained from this plant for the first time.

  13. Intra-specific genetic relationship analyses of Elaeagnus angustifolia based on RP-HPLC biochemical markers

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    2006-01-01

    Elaeagnus angustifolia Linn. has various ecological, medicinal and economical uses. An approach was established using RP-HPLC (reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography) to classify and analyse the intra-specific genetic relationships of seventeen populations of E. angustifolia, collected from the Xinjiang areas of China. Chromatograms of alcohol-soluble proteins produced by seventeen populations ofE. angustifolia, were compared. Each chromatogram of alcohol-soluble proteins came from a single seed of one wild plant only. The results showed that when using a Waters Delta Pak. C18, 5 μm particle size reversed phase column (150 mm×3.9 mm), a linear gradient of 25%~60% solvent B with flow rate of 1 ml/min and run time of 67 min, the chromatography yielded optimum separation ofE. angustifolia alcohol-soluble proteins. Representative peaks in each population were chosen according to peak area and occurrence in every seed. The converted data on the elution peaks of each population were different and could be used to represent those populations. GSC (genetic similarity coefficients) of 41% to 62% showed a medium degree of genetic diversity among the populations in these eco-areas. Cluster analysis showed that the seventeen populations ofE. angustifolia could be divided into six clusters at the GSC=0.535 level and indicated the general and unique biochemical markers of these clusters. We suggest that E. angustifolia distribution in these eco-areas could be classified into six variable species. RP-HPLC was shown to be a rapid, repeatable and reliable method for E. angustifolia classification and identification and for analysis of genetic diversity.

  14. The In Vitro Antimicrobial Effects of Lavandula angustifolia Essential Oil in Combination with Conventional Antimicrobial Agents

    Science.gov (United States)

    de Rapper, Stephanie; Viljoen, Alvaro

    2016-01-01

    The paper focuses on the in vitro antimicrobial activity of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. (lavender) essential oil in combination with four commercial antimicrobial agents. Stock solutions of chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, nystatin, and fusidic acid were tested in combination with L. angustifolia essential oil. The antimicrobial activities of the combinations were investigated against the Gram-positive bacterial strain Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) and Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27858) and Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) was selected to represent the yeasts. The antimicrobial effect was performed using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) microdilution assay. Isobolograms were constructed for varying ratios. The most prominent interaction was noted when L. angustifolia essential oil was combined with chloramphenicol and tested against the pathogen P. aeruginosa (ΣFIC of 0.29). Lavendula angustifolia essential oil was shown in most cases to interact synergistically with conventional antimicrobials when combined in ratios where higher volumes of L. angustifolia essential oil were incorporated into the combination. PMID:27891157

  15. The In Vitro Antimicrobial Effects of Lavandula angustifolia Essential Oil in Combination with Conventional Antimicrobial Agents

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    Stephanie de Rapper

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available The paper focuses on the in vitro antimicrobial activity of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. (lavender essential oil in combination with four commercial antimicrobial agents. Stock solutions of chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, nystatin, and fusidic acid were tested in combination with L. angustifolia essential oil. The antimicrobial activities of the combinations were investigated against the Gram-positive bacterial strain Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538 and Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27858 and Candida albicans (ATCC 10231 was selected to represent the yeasts. The antimicrobial effect was performed using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC microdilution assay. Isobolograms were constructed for varying ratios. The most prominent interaction was noted when L. angustifolia essential oil was combined with chloramphenicol and tested against the pathogen P. aeruginosa (ΣFIC of 0.29. Lavendula angustifolia essential oil was shown in most cases to interact synergistically with conventional antimicrobials when combined in ratios where higher volumes of L. angustifolia essential oil were incorporated into the combination.

  16. Seed crop size variation in the dominant South American conifer Araucaria angustifolia

    Science.gov (United States)

    Souza, Alexandre F.; Uarte de Matos, Daniele; Forgiarini, Cristiane; Martinez, Jaime

    2010-01-01

    Temporal variation in seed crop size of the long-lived pioneer conifer Araucaria angustifolia was studied in subtropical South America. We evaluated the expectations that: 1) A. angustifolia presents highly variable seed production (mast seeding behavior); 2) A. angustifolia has endogenous cycles of reproduction of two or three years; 3) There is a tendency for a high seed production year to be followed by an unusually low production year; 4) populations show synchrony in seed production at a geographical scale; 5) seed crop size is influenced by distinct climatic factors occurring during "key" reproductive stages and 6) as an expression of plant productivity, seed crop size should depend on integrated resource availability during the reproductive cycle. We obtained data from two distinct sources: 1) seed harvesting records from a private forest (14 years), and 2) commercial data from 22 municipalities in the Rio Grande do Sul State. Expectations 1, 2, 3 and 5 were not met, while expectations 4 and 6 were supported by the data. A. angustifolia showed environmentally triggered, continuous, moderately fluctuating, and regionally synchronous reproduction. Seed set seems to track variations in resource abundance as well as respond continuously to improved opportunities for successful regeneration.

  17. Antioxidant activity of alstonia Angustifolia ethanolic leaf extract

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rahim, Nurhidayah Ab; Zakaria, Noorzafiza; Dzulkarnain, Syarifah Masyitah Habib; Azahar, Nazar Mohd Zabadi Mohd; Abdulla, Mahmood Ameen

    2017-10-01

    In current study, the ability of the ethanolic extract of Alstonia angustifolia in scavenging free radicals was assessed by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) radical scavenging assay. The results suggested that the ethanolic extract of A. angustifolia leaves has a notable antioxidant activity. In FRAP assay, it showed that the extract have higher total antioxidant activity with FRAP value is 1868.33 µM/g Fe (ii) dry mass ± 0.15 than the control, quercetin with FRAP value is 1336.9 µM/g Fe (II) dry mass ± 0.12 and ascorbic acid with FRAP value is 1720 µM/g Fe (II) dry mass ± 0.02. For DPPH assay, the IC50 value of the extract is 384.77 while the IC50 value of standards of ascorbic acid and quercetin are 18.07 µg/ml and 39.60 µg/ml, respectively. For H2O2 scavenging assay, the IC50 value for the extract was discovered to be 186.77 µg/ml compared to standard ascorbic acid 466.56 µg/ml. Thus, the study suggests that A. angustifolia ethanolic leaf extract has a good origin of natural antioxidants and might be beneficial in impeding the oxidative stress progression thus averting diseases that related to free radicals.

  18. Microenxertia e sua caracterização morfológica em Araucaria angustifolia Micrografting morphological characterization in Araucaria angustifolia

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    Justina Inês Anselmini

    2008-08-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a melhor técnica para microenxertia em Araucaria angustifolia. Para isto, foram realizadas auto-enxertias em plantas germinadas in vitro, com 2, 6 e 12 meses de idade. Foram testados dois locais de enxertia no porta-enxerto: caule e hipocótilo, e dois tipos de enxertia: garfagem de topo com e sem fenda. A maior porcentagem de microenxertos com fenda aberta ocorreu nas microenxertias realizadas no hipocótilo. As maiores porcentagens de microenxertos sobreviventes foram obtidas nas microenxertias realizadas no caule, e o tipo de enxertia mais eficiente foi a garfagem de topo sem fenda. A presença de calo aparente foi resultado da interação dos três fatores testados, com maior presença de calo nas enxertias realizadas no hipocótilo. O crescimento dos microenxertos indicou o restabelecimento das conexões vasculares. O maior crescimento dos microenxertos foi obtido nas enxertias realizadas no caule em porta-enxertos de 6 meses com a garfagem de topo. As metodologias testadas permitem concluir que o processo de microenxertia em Araucaria angustifolia é eficiente e factível, podendo ser utilizado para a produção de mudas microenxertadas.The objeticve of this research was to determine a more efficient way of micrografting in vitro Araucaria angustifolia plants. Autografting was performed onto 2, 6- and 12- month- old in vitro germinated plants. Two different graft types (saddle with or without slit were perfomed on two different plant parts (stem or hypocotyl. Higher percentage of open slit micrografts was observed when micrografting was performed onto hypocotyls. Higher percentage of surviving micrografts was obtained when micrografting was perfomed on stem; the saddle without slit technique was the most efficient. Callus formation resulted from the combination of the three tested factors. However, more visible calluses were present in micrograftings perfomed on hypocotyls. Growth of the

  19. Inferring population trends of Araucaria angustifolia (Araucariaceae ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Matrix population models may generate important information to prevent undesirable outcomes for endangered species. This is the case for Araucaria angustifolia, a Critically Endangered conifer, with little knowledge regarding its life history and trends in development over time. This study sought to investigate life-history ...

  20. Identification of the temperature- induced larvicidal efficacy of Agave angustifolia against Aedes, Culex and Anopheles larvae

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    Mithilesh eKajla

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Synthetic insecticides are generally employed to control the mosquito population. However, their injudicious over usage and non-biodegradability are associated with many adverse effects on the environment and mosquitoes. The application of environment-friendly mosquitocidals might be an alternate to overcome these issues. In this study, we found that organic or aqueous extracts of Agave angustifolia leaves exhibited a strong larvicidal activity (LD50 28.27 µg/ml against Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles stephensi larvae within a short exposure of 12h. The larvicidal activity of Agave angustifolia is inherited and independent of the plants vegetative growth. Interestingly, the plant larvicidal activity was observed exclusively during the summer season (April-August, when outside temperature is between 30oC to 50oC and it was significantly reduced during winter season (December-February, when the outside temperature falls to ~4oC or lower. Thus, we hypothesized that the larvicidal components of Agave angustifolia might be induced by the manipulation of environmental temperature and should be resistant to the hot conditions. We found that the larvicidal activity of Agave angustifolia was induced when plants were maintained at 37oC in a semi-natural environment against the controls that were growing outside in cold weather. Pre-incubation of Agave angustifolia extract at 100oC for 1h killed 60% larvae in 12h, which gradually increased to 100% mortality after 24h. In addition, the dry powder formulation of Agave angustifolia, also displayed a strong larvicidal activity after a long shelf life. Together, these findings revealed that Agave angustifolia is an excellent source of temperature induced bioactive metabolites that may assist the preparedness for vector control programs competently.

  1. Steroidal saponins from fresh stems of Dracaena angustifolia

    Science.gov (United States)

    Six new steroidal saponins (1-6), angudracanosides A-F, were isolated from fresh stems of Dracaena angustifolia, together with eight known compounds. The structures of compounds 1-6 were determined by detailed spectroscopic analyses and chemical methods. Antifungal testing of all compounds showed th...

  2. Growth of Araucaria angustifolia in the Embrapa/Epagri forest reserve, Caçador, SC, Brazil Crescimento de Araucaria angustifolia na Reserva Florestal Embrapa/ Epagri, Caçador, SC

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    Patricia Póvoa de Mattos

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available Araucaria Forest is one of most threatened phyto-physiognomies in the Atlantic Forest domain,
    presenting great ecological-economical importance. Nevertheless, there are still lacks of knowledge concerning growth and dynamic of important species, as Araucaria angustifolia. The objective of this work was to recover  the past growth of Araucaria angustifolia, native from Caçador, SC, Brazil, by measuring growth rings and to estimate the average periodic diametric increment. The growth rings were counted and measured, using a stereoscope microscope, in increment cores of 0.5 cm collected from 32 adult trees. The measurements were done with LINTAB measuring table, with 0.01 mm of precision. The samples sizes were irregular, varying from 4.2 to 20.2 cm long. The trees presented average diameter breast height (DBH of 76.3 cm, varying from 10.7 to 141.3 cm. The periodic diameter increment from the last 10 years was 0.4 cm, varying from 0.11 to 1.15 cm. It was observed differences among trees, but there was a tendency of reduction of growth rhythm in larger trees, being more
    evident in trees with more than 110 cm of DBH.A Floresta Ombrófila Mista (FOM é uma das fitofisionomias mais ameaçadas da área de domínio da
    Mata Atlântica, apresentando grande importância ecológico-econômica. Apesar disso, ainda existem lacunas de conhecimento sobre a produtividade primária, o crescimento e a dinâmica de espécies importantes, como a Araucaria angustifolia. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo estudar o crescimento anual de Araucaria angustifolia, nativa do Município de Caçador, SC, pela medição dos anéis de crescimento. A contagem e medição dos anéis de crescimento foram feitas com o auxílio de um microscópio estereoscópico, em baguetas de 0,5 cm de diâmetro, coletadas de 32 árvores adultas. As medições foram feitas com o medidor de anéis de crescimento LINTAB, com precisão de 0,01 mm. O comprimento das amostras

  3. Occurrence of diazotrophic bacteria in Araucaria angustifolia Ocorrência de bactérias diazotróficas em Araucaria angustifolia

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    Rafaela de Fátima Neroni

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available Araucaria angustifolia is an environmentally threatened tree and the whole biota of the Araucaria Forest should be investigated with the aim of its preservation. Diazotrophic bacteria are extremely important for the maintenance of ecosystems, but they have never been studied in Araucaria Forests. In this study, diazotrophic bacteria were isolated from Araucaria roots and soil, when grown in semi-specific, semi-solid media. The diazotrophic character of some recovered isolates could be confirmed using the acetylene reduction assay. According to their 16S rRNA sequences, most of these isolates belong to the genus Burkholderia.Araucaria angustifolia é uma espécie arbórea ameaçada de extinção e toda a comunidade viva das Florestas de Araucária deve ser estudada com a finalidade de sua preservação. Bactérias diazotróficas apresentam grande importância para a manutenção de ecossistemas, mas sua ocorrência nunca foi pesquisada em araucária. Neste estudo foi demonstrada a associação de bactérias fixadoras de nitrogênio com A. angustifolia. Amostras de solo e raízes de araucária apresentaram a ocorrência de bactérias diazotróficas, quando inoculadas em meios semi-sólidos semi-específícos. O caráter diazotrófico de alguns isolados recuperados foi confirmado através da análise de redução do acetileno. De acordo com a análise das seqüências do 16S rRNA, estes isolados são na sua maioria pertencentes ao gênero Burkholderia.

  4. Micropropagation of Guadua angustifolia Kunth (Poaceae) using a ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Universidad del Quindio

    2016-07-13

    Jul 13, 2016 ... develop an application for RITA® for use in the commercial production of G. angustifolia. Key words: Giant .... Data were analyzed using a random block design with 20 replicates ..... Gray D (eds) Plant Tissue Culture Concepts and Laboratory ... A (eds) Current Issues in Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology,.

  5. Ultraestructura del bambú Guadua angustifolia var. bicolor (Poaceae: Bambusoideae, presente en Costa Rica

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    Mayra Montiel

    2006-06-01

    Full Text Available Se estudió la ultraestructura anatómica de la lámina y la vaina de la hoja, así como de la bráctea del culmo, de Guadua angustifolia var. bicolor, por medio del microscopio electrónico de barrido. Se encontraron similitudes con otras guaduas: estomas de alto domo, células largas con paredes sinuosas y células de sílice. Son propios de la var. bicolor el patrón estomático en la zona abaxial de la hoja cerca de la vaina, con la presencia de gran cantidad de tricomas ganchudos y sin papilas; las brácteas de color café dorado que cubren los culmos y tienen tricomas papilares que cubren el haz; y el abundante número de tricomas auriculares, en grupos de 12.The anatomy of several parts of Guadua angustifolia var. bicolor was analyzed and characterized under a scanning electron icroscope. any similarities ere observed with other Guadua species, particularly the presence of high dome stomata, of large cells with sinuous walls and of silica cells. Specific bicolor characteristics include (1 a different stomatal pattern in the adaxial zone of the leaf base (close to the sheath; (2 the abundance of hook-sshaped trichomes without papilla; (3 the distinctive golden brown color of the bract that covers the culm (caused by papillar trichomes that cover the adaxial sheath; and (4 the size of the groups of auricular trichomes (formed by 12 trichomes. Rev. Biol. Trop. 54(Suppl. 2: 13-19. Epub 2006 Dec. 01.

  6. Lavandula angustifolia and Lavandula latifolia Essential Oils from Spain: Aromatic Profile and Bioactivities.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Carrasco, Alejandro; Martinez-Gutierrez, Ramiro; Tomas, Virginia; Tudela, Jose

    2016-01-01

    Compositions of true lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) and spike lavender (Lavandula latifolia) essential oils, cultivated and extracted in the Southeast of Spain, were determined by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry detection, obtaining both relative (peak area) and absolute (using standard curves) concentrations. Linalool (37-54 %), linalyl acetate (21-36 %) and (E)-β-caryophyllene (1-3 %) were the most abundant components for L. angustifolia. Linalool (35-51 %), eucalyptol (26-32 %), camphor (10-18 %), α-pinene (1-2 %), α-terpineol (1-2 %) and α-bisabolene (1-2 %) were the most abundant components for L. latifolia. The characterization was completed with enantioselective gas chromatography, in which the determined main molecules were (-)-linalool, (-)-linalyl acetate and (+)-camphor. (S)-(-)-camphene, (R)-(+)-limonene, (1R, 9S)-(-)-(E)-β-caryophyllene and (1R, 4R, 6R, 10S)-(-)-caryophyllene oxide were found in this study as the predominant enantiomers in Spanish L. angustifolia. The characterised essential oils were tested for their antioxidant activity against free radicals ABTS, DPPH, ORAC, chelating, and reducing power. Inhibitory activity on lipoxygenase was observed indicating a possible anti-inflammatory activity, mainly due to linalool, camphor, p-cymene and limonene. These results can be the starting point for a future study of the potential use of L. angustifolia and L. latifolia essential oils as natural cosmetic and natural pharmaceutical ingredients for several skin diseases. Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

  7. Rooting induction of different Lavandula angustifolia accessions by auxin applicationIndução de enraizamento em diferentes acessos de Lavandula angustifolia por meio de aplicação de auxina

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    Claudine Maria de Bona

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available Lavandula angustifolia Miller (lavender, considered a hard to root species, is comprised of many varieties and horticultural forms, and genotypes from different provenances may present variance in rooting capacity. The objective of this experiment was to test different concentrations of indol-3-butyric acid (IBA on rooting of eight (G1 to G8 L. angustifolia genotypes from different provenances. Cuttings were treated with different doses (0 to 2000 mg L-1 of IBA. Rooting percentage (RP, root number (RN, and length of the longest root (RL were evaluated. The different accessions presented very diverse response to IBA application. IBA did not exert influence on rooting of G1, G2, and G7; was benefic to G3 until 700 mg L-1; was benefic to G4 and G6; and was prejudicial to G5 and G8; the same IBA dose which promoted better rooting on G3 (700 mg L-1 was toxic to G5; 1500 mg L-1 of IBA promoted better rooting, greater root number and length on G6 but was completely and significantly detrimental to G8. G1 and G3 presented high rooting percentages, in spite of L. angustifolia being considered a hard to root species. G4, G5 and G6, however, presented very poor rooting, compared to the other genotypes. Necessity of auxin application and adequate dose may not be generalized to L. angustifolia different accessions. Its use should be incentivized when the genotype is recalcitrant to root and auxin concentration should be adjusted to it.A Lavandula angustifolia Miller (alfazema, considerada de difícil enraizamento, apresenta muitas variedades e formas horticulturais, e genótipos de diferentes procedências podem apresentar variação na sua capacidade de enraizamento. O objetivo deste experimento foi testar diferentes concentrações de ácido indol butírico (AIB no enraizamento de oito genótipos (G1 a G8 de L. angustifolia de diferentes procedências. Estacas foram tratadas com diferentes doses (0 a 2000 mg L-1 de AIB. Porcentagem de enraizamento (RN, n

  8. The identity of zostera marina var. angustifolia Hornemann (Potamogetonaceae)

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Hartog, den C.

    1972-01-01

    Since Hornemann (Fl. Dan. 9, 1816, p. 3, pl. 1501) published the name Zostera marina var. angustifolia together with a very poor drawing and the extremely short diagnosis ‘foliis subenerviis’ several interpretations of the identity of this taxon have been given. Some authors regarded it as a

  9. Lavandula angustifolia essential oil as a novel and promising natural candidate for tick (Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus) control.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pirali-Kheirabadi, Khodadad; Teixeira da Silva, Jaime A

    2010-10-01

    Lavandula angustifolia is a well known herbal medicine with a variety of useful properties, including its acaricidal effect. This experiment was carried out to study the bioacaricidal activity of L. angustifolia essential oil (EO) against engorged Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus (Acari; Ixodidae) females. For this purpose six serial concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0% w/v) of L. angustifolia EO were used. There was considerable mortality in concentrations more than 4.0% although there were no differences between 6.0 and 8.0% in all measured criteria. The mortality rate 24 h after inoculation was 73.26 and 100% in groups treated with 4.0 and 8.0% EO, respectively. Lavender EO also reduced tick egg weight in a concentration-dependent manner. The amount of eggs produced varied from 0.12 g (at 0.5% EO) to 0.00 g (at 8.0% EO) but did not differ statistically from the control. L. angustifolia EO caused 100% failure in egg laying at 6.0 and 8.0% whereas this value in the control group was zero. A positive correlation between L. angustifolia EO concentration and tick control, assessed by relative mortality rate and egg-laying weight, was observed by the EO LC/EC(50), which, when calculated using the Probit test, was 2.76-fold higher than the control. Lavender is a promising acaricidal against R. (B.) annulatus in vitro. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  10. Occurrence of diazotrophic bacteria in Araucaria angustifolia

    OpenAIRE

    Neroni,Rafaela de Fátima; Cardoso,Elke Jurandy Bran Nogueira

    2007-01-01

    Araucaria angustifolia is an environmentally threatened tree and the whole biota of the Araucaria Forest should be investigated with the aim of its preservation. Diazotrophic bacteria are extremely important for the maintenance of ecosystems, but they have never been studied in Araucaria Forests. In this study, diazotrophic bacteria were isolated from Araucaria roots and soil, when grown in semi-specific, semi-solid media. The diazotrophic character of some recovered isolates could be confirm...

  11. Hypnotic effect of Coriandrum sativum, Ziziphus jujuba, Lavandula angustifolia and Melissa officinalis extracts in mice

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hajhashemi, Valiollah; Safaei, Azadeh

    2015-01-01

    The aim of the present study was to evaluate hypnotic effect of Coriandrum sativum, Ziziphus jujuba, Lavandula angustifolia and Melissa officinalis hydroalcoholic extracts in mice to select the most effective ones for a combination formula. Three doses of the extracts (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg of C. sativum and Z. jujuba and 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg of L. angustifolia and M. officinalis) were orally administered to male Swiss mice (20-25 g) and one hour later pentobarbital (50 mg/kg, i.p.) was injected to induce sleep. Onset of sleep and its duration were measured and compared. Control animals and reference group received vehicle (10 ml/kg, p.o.) and diazepam (3 mg/kg, i.p.), respectively. C. sativum and Z. jujuba failed to change sleep parameters. L. angustifolia at doses of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg shortened sleep onset by 7.6%, 50% and 51.5% and prolonged sleep duration by 9.9%, 43.1% and 80.2%, respectively. Compared with control group the same doses of M. officinalis also decreased sleep onset by 24.7%, 27.5% and 51.2% and prolonged sleep duration by 37.9%, 68.7% and 131.7% respectively. Combinations of L. angustifolia and M. officinalis extracts showed additive effect and it is suggested that a preparation containing both extracts may be useful for insomnia. PMID:26779267

  12. Antioxidant capacity of Typha angustifolia extracts and two active flavonoids.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Peidong; Cao, Yudan; Bao, Beihua; Zhang, Li; Ding, Anwei

    2017-12-01

    The pollen of Typha angustifolia L. (Typhaceae) has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for improving the microcirculation and promoting wound healing. Flavonoids are the main constituent in the plant, but little is known about the antioxidant activity of the principal constituent of the pollen in detail. To assess the antioxidant activities of ethanol and water extracts and two constituents of the pollen. Plant material (1 g) was extracted by 95% ethanol and water (10 mL × 2, 1 h each), respectively. The extracted activities (0.8-2.6 mg/mL) were measured by DPPH and the reducing activity of ferric chloride (1.7-2.6 mg/mL). Typhaneoside and isorhamnetin-3-O-neohesperidoside (I3ON) (2.8-70 μmol/L) were investigated on the relationship between NO, MDA and SOD in HUVECs treated with 100 μg/mL of LPS for 24 h. Nine compounds were identified by UPLC-MS. Ethanol extract showed IC 50 values in DPPH (39.51 ± 0.72) and Fe 3+ reducing activity (82.76 ± 13.38), higher than the water extract (50.85 ± 0.74) and (106.33 ± 6.35), respectively. Typhaneoside and I3ON promoted cell proliferation at the respective concentration range of 2.8 to 70 μmol/L (p concentration of 70 μmol/L compared with LPS group. The constituents from Typha angustifolia could be a novel therapeutic strategy for LPS-induced inflammation.

  13. Therapeutic Effects of Cassia angustifolia in a Cadmium Induced Hepatotoxicity Assay Conducted in Male Albino Rats

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    Muhammad Tahir Haidry

    2016-04-01

    Full Text Available The present study aims to investigate the therapeutic effects of Senna plant (Cassia angustifolia L. in a cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity assay by evaluating the activity of alanine transaminase (ALT, aspartate transaminase (AST, alkaline phosphatase (ALP and total protein (TP in the albino rats’ serum. A total of 30 white albino rats were taken and divided into three groups; each group comprising ten rats. The group A was taken as a control group; group B was given cadmium chloride concentration of 5 mg/kg (body weight for 42 days; and group C was given cadmium chloride 5 mg/kg body weight for first 21 days and then extract of C. angustifolia 100 mg/kg (body weight was given for remaining 21 days. The analysis were performed twice i.e., on 21stst day and 42nd day. Results illustrated that the concentration of cadmium was significantly elevated (P<0.05 at the levels of serum biochemical markers namely ALT, AST, ALP which lowered the protein levels in albino rats. Moreover, treatment with the standard extracts of C. angustifolia observed to reverse the effects of the cadmium significantly (P<0.05. It is concluded that the C. angustifolia had hepatoprotective effects and therapeutic potential against the cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats.

  14. Monoicy in A. angustifolia (Bert.) O. Kuntze (Araucariaceae): I. Morphological aspects of the reproductive structures.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Stefenon, Valdir M; Caprestano, Clarissa A

    2009-12-01

    Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Kuntze is a dioecious conifer species native of Brazil. The rare occurrence of monoiceous specimens have been attributed to pathogenic infections or other injuries in adult trees. Here, the morphological characteristics of male and female cones and pollen grains of a monoiceous A. angustifolia are described. Male and female cones and pollen grains presented normal morphology, lacking any sort of injuries or infection and suggesting the existence of further grounds for the occurrence of monoicy in this conifer species.

  15. Phytodesalinization potential of Typha angustifolia, Juncus maritimus, and Eleocharis palustris for removal of de-icing salts from runoff water.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Guesdon, Gaëlle; de Santiago-Martín, Ana; Galvez-Cloutier, Rosa

    2016-10-01

    Typha angustifolia, Juncus maritimus, and Eleocharis palustris were evaluated for de-icing salt removal from runoff water. Plants were exposed to a range of de-icing salt levels (0.2, 0.7, 4, 8, and 13 dS m(-1)) in laboratory-scale subsurface constructed wetlands (CWs) for 2 months under greenhouse conditions. Effluent characteristics, plant height, biomass, and Cl and Na removal rates and uptake were monitored. More water volume was retained in CWs of T. angustifolia (∼60 %) than of J. maritimus and E. palustris (∼37.5 %), which accounted for the electrical conductivity increase in effluents (1.3-1.9-fold). Based on the NaCl removal rate, T. angustifolia showed the greatest phytodesalinization ability (31-60 %) with the highest removal at the lowest salt levels (0.2-0.7 dS m(-1)), followed by J. maritimus (22-36 %) without differences in removal among levels, and E. palustris (3-26 %) presenting a removal rate highly decreased with increasing salt levels. Plant height and biomass were stimulated at low de-icing salt levels, but, at higher levels, T. angustifolia and E. palustris growth was inhibited (tolerance index ∼67 and 10 %, respectively, in the worst cases). Salt amounts in aboveground biomass in g m(-2) differed among levels and ranged as follows: 13.6-29.1 (Cl), 4.2-9.3 (Na; T. angustifolia); 7.0-12.0 (Cl), 2.7-6.4 (Na; J. maritimus); and 0.9-7.6 (Cl), 0.3-1.6 (Na; E. palustris). Chloride and Na translocation decreased with de-icing salt increase in T. angustifolia, while no significant differences were found in J. maritimus, which is interesting for harvesting purposes.

  16. Muscarinic receptors, nitric oxide formation and cyclooxygenase pathway involved in tracheal smooth muscle relaxant effect of hydro-ethanolic extract of Lavandula angustifolia flowers.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Naghdi, Farzaneh; Gholamnezhad, Zahra; Boskabady, Mohammad Hossein; Bakhshesh, Morteza

    2018-06-01

    Lavandula angustifolia (L. angustifolia) Mill. (Common name Lavender) is used in traditional and folk medicines for the treatment of various diseases including respiratory disorders worldwide. The relaxant effect of the plant on the smooth muscle of some tissues was shown previously. The present study has investigated the role of different receptors and pathways in the relaxant effect of L. angustifolia on tracheal smooth muscle. Cumulative concentrations of the hydro-ethanolic extract of L. angustifolia flowers (0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mg/ml) were added on pre-contracted tracheal smooth muscle by methacholine (10 μM) or KCl (60 mM) on non-preincubated or preincubated tissues with atropine, chlorpheniramine, propranolol, diltiazem, glibenclamide, indomethacin, ω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and papaverine. The results compared with of theophylline (0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 mM) as positive control and saline (1 ml) as negative control. The extract showed concentration-dependent relaxant effects in non-preincubated tracheal smooth muscle contracted by KCl and methacholine (p effect ofL. angustifolia was not significantly different between non-preincubated and preincubated tissues with chlorpheniramine, propranolol, diltiazem, glibenclamide, and papaverine. However, two higher concentrations of L. angustifolia in preincubated tissues with L-NAME (p effects than non-preincubated tissues. The EC 50 values of L. angustifolia in tissues preincubated with indomethacin was significantly higher than non-preincubated trachea (p effects of three first concentrations of the extract on KCl and methacholine-induced muscle contraction were significantly lower than those of theophylline (p effect ofL. angustifolia that was lower than the effect of theophylline. The possible mechanisms of relaxant effect of this plant on tracheal smooth muscle are muscarinic receptors blockade, inhibition of cyclooxygenase pathways and/or involvement of nitric oxide production

  17. Fatores ecológicos determinantes na ocorrência de Araucaria angustifolia e Podocarpus lambertii, na Floresta Ombrófila Mista da FLONA de São Francisco de Paula, RS, Brasil Ecological factors that determine the occurrence of Araucaria angustifolia and Podocarpus lambertii in Mixed Ombrophylous Forest at São Francisco de Paula's FLONA, RS, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Solon Jonas Longhi

    2010-02-01

    Full Text Available O presente trabalho foi realizado na Floresta Nacional (FLONA de São Francisco de Paula, no Rio Grande do Sul. Teve como objetivo determinar, via análise de regressão logística, os fatores ambientais que influenciam a ocorrência das espécies Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol. Kuntze e Podocarpus lambertii Klotzsch ex Endl. em uma área de Floresta Ombrófila Mista na FLONA de São Francisco de Paula. Para o estudo, foram avaliados os indivíduos com cap=30cm, em 1.000 subunidades amostrais de 10 x 10m, demarcadas em 10 conglomerados permanentes de 1ha (100 x 100m previamente instalados na floresta. Em cada subunidade amostral, foram avaliados os fatores passíveis de influenciar a ocorrência das espécies, como os fatores relativos ao habitat: físicos do solo (profundidade, presença de afloramentos rochosos e umidade, exposição à luz e inclinação do terreno; e os fatores relativos à concorrência: área basal, densidade do sub-bosque e frequência de indivíduos. Pelos resultados obtidos, foi possível concluir que a Araucaria angustifolia ocorre em locais com solos profundos, expostos para o norte e com baixa frequência de indivíduos. Por outro lado, Podocarpus lambertii prefere locais não pedregosos, pouco inclinados, com exposição sul, relativamente úmidos, com alta frequência de indivíduos e alta densidade do sub-bosque.The present research was accomplished at São Francisco de Paula's National Forest (FLONA, in Rio Grande do Sul. The objective was to determine, through logistics regression analysis, the environmental and competition factors that could influence on the occurrence of Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol. Kuntze and Podocarpus lambertii former Klotzsch Endl. species in Mixed ombrophylous forest. For the study, the individuals with cap=30cm had been evaluated, in 1000 samples of 10 x 10m, demarcated in ten permanent conglomerate of 1ha (100 x 100m previously installed in the forest. In each sample the factors that

  18. Bloque de tierra comprimida como material constructivo

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    Óscar Javier Gutiérrez Junco

    2011-07-01

    Full Text Available La construcción con tierra es poco usada en la actualidad debido a la falta de difusión e investigación, y a que es relacionada con la pobreza; por ende, se desaprovechan muchas de sus ventajas, como la abundancia demateria prima, la localización, la disponibilidad, el reciclaje, la producción sin consumo de energía (calorífica, el bajo costo y la resistencia –con un adecuado estudio del material tierra, de la estructuración y del suelo de fundación–; otras de sus ventajas son el aislamiento térmico y acústico. Con el paso del tiempo se han mejorado las técnicas constructivas con tierra, realizando estabilizaciones e implementando el uso de maquinaria y herramienta mecánica para elaborar bloques de tierra comprimida, y así facilitar el trabajo y obtener mayor rendimiento. Este artículo presenta la tierra como material constructivo, las técnicas o sistemas constructivos, los bloques de tierra comprimida (BTC y algunos ensayos realizados a estos bloques.

  19. Flash-flood impacts cause changes in wood anatomy of Alnus glutinosa, Fraxinus angustifolia and Quercus pyrenaica.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ballesteros, J A; Stoffel, M; Bollschweiler, M; Bodoque, J M; Díez-Herrero, A

    2010-06-01

    Flash floods may influence the development of trees growing on channel bars and floodplains. In this study, we analyze and quantify anatomical reactions to wounding in diffuse-porous (Alnus glutinosa L.) and ring-porous (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl. and Quercus pyrenaica Willd.) trees in a Mediterranean environment. A total of 54 cross-sections and wedges were collected from trees that had been injured by past flash floods. From each of the samples, micro-sections were prepared at a tangential distance of 1.5 cm from the injury to determine wounding-related changes in radial width, tangential width and lumen of earlywood vessels, and fibers and parenchyma cells (FPC). In diffuse-porous A. glutinosa, the lumen area of vessels shows a significant (non-parametric test, P-value <0.05) decrease by almost 39% after wounding. For ring-porous F. angustifolia and Q. pyrenaica, significant decreases in vessel lumen area are observed as well by 59 and 42%, respectively. Radial width of vessels was generally more sensitive to the decrease than tangential width, but statistically significant values were only observed in F. angustifolia. Changes in the dimensions of earlywood FPC largely differed between species. While in ring-porous F. angustifolia and Q. pyrenaica the lumen of FPC dropped by 22 and 34% after wounding, we observed an increase in FPC lumen area in diffuse-porous A. glutinosa of approximately 35%. Our data clearly show that A. glutinosa represents a valuable species for flash-flood research in vulnerable Mediterranean environments. For this species, it will be possible in the future to gather information on past flash floods with non-destructive sampling based on increment cores. In ring-porous F. angustifolia and Q. pyrenaica, flash floods leave less drastic, yet still recognizable, signatures of flash-flood activity through significant changes in vessel lumen area. In contrast, the use of changes in FPC dimensions appears less feasible for the determination of

  20. DETERMINACIÓN DE LA RELACIÓN DE POISSON DE LA Guadua angustifolia Kunth A PARTIR DE PROCESAMIENTOS DE imágenes Y SU RELACIÓN CON LA ESTRUCTURA INTERNA DETERMINATION OF POISSON´S RATIO OF THE Guadua angustifolia Kunth USING IMAGE PROCESSING AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH THE MICROSTRUCTURE

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    Jairo Alexander Osorio Saraz

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available En esta investigación se propuso determinar los valores de la relación de Poisson para la Guadua angustifolia Kunth, en la cepa y la basa del culmo, además de analizar la incidencia que ejerce la estructura interna en dicha propiedad. Los resultados indicaron que la relación de Poisson depende significativamente de la estructura del material variando entre 0,22 y 0,35 haciéndolo un producto biológico altamente heterogéneo y anisotrópico. Además, los análisis de estructura interna de tejido conductivo, parénquima y tejidos de fibras, indicaron que estos componentes varían a través de la sección transversal del culmo de la guadua.The technique of image processing was applied to determine the values of the Poisson's ratio for the Guadua angustifolia Kunth, in the “cepa” and the “basa” of the element, besides to analyze the incidence of its internal structure in this property. The results indicated that the Poisson's ratio depends upon the material structure reaching values between 0,22 and 0,35 making of this biological product a material highly heterogeneous and anisotropic. In addition the microstructure analysis of conductive tissue, parenchyma and fibers, indicated that these components vary through the cross-sectional section of the guadua element.

  1. Establishment of post-harvest early-developmental categories for viability maintenance of Araucaria angustifolia seeds

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    Cristhyane Garcia Araldi

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available Araucaria angustifolia seeds are recalcitrant, and their metabolism remains high during storage. This research aimed to describe the initiation of germination in A. angustifolia seeds during storage in order to standardize the assessment of physiological quality and to promote seed conservation. Seeds were collected from two populations and stored for 270 days in the natural laboratory environment and cold chamber. Seeds were classified according to four early developmental stages: I - mature seeds; II - seeds with elongation along the embryonic axis; III - beginning of root protrusion; IV - advanced germination stage, with seedling shoots. After categorization, physical and physiological quality was assessed. In freshly collected seeds, only category I was observed. At 270 days, approximately 40% of seeds were in category III in laboratory conditions, while the maintenance in a cold chamber delayed germinative metabolism. Viability tests showed that seeds in categories III and IV were more susceptible to damage caused by storage. In conclusion, the percentage of viable A. angustifolia seeds depends on the development stage after collection. Seeds that have reached early developmental category III should be prioritized for propagation, while those remaining in categories I and II should be longer stored with periodic assessment for reduction in physiological quality.

  2. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Modulates Antioxidant Response and Ion Distribution in Salt-Stressed Elaeagnus angustifolia Seedlings.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chang, Wei; Sui, Xin; Fan, Xiao-Xu; Jia, Ting-Ting; Song, Fu-Qiang

    2018-01-01

    Elaeagnus angustifolia L. is a drought-resistant species. Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis is considered to be a bio-ameliorator of saline soils that can improve salinity tolerance in plants. The present study investigated the effects of inoculation with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis on the biomass, antioxidant enzyme activities, and root, stem, and leaf ion accumulation of E. angustifolia seedlings grown during salt stress conditions. Salt-stressed mycorrhizal seedlings produced greater root, stem, and leaf biomass than the uninoculated stressed seedlings. In addition, the seedlings colonized by R. irregularis showed notably higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in the leaves of the mycorrhizal seedlings in response to salinity compared to those of the non-mycorrhizal seedlings. Mycorrhizal seedlings not only significantly increased their ability to acquire K + , Ca 2+ , and Mg 2+ , but also maintained higher K + :Na + ratios in the leaves and lower Ca 2+ :Mg 2+ ratios than non-mycorrhizal seedlings during salt stress. These results suggest that the salt tolerance of E. angustifolia seedlings could be enhanced by R. irregularis. The arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis could be a promising method to restore and utilize salt-alkaline land in northern China.

  3. Microsatellite Markers for Russian Olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia; Elaeagnaceae

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    John F. Gaskin

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available Premise of the study: Microsatellite markers were developed for the plant species Elaeagnus angustifolia to assist in future investigations of genetic variability in its native and invasive ranges and the precise origins of the United States/Canada invasion. Methods and Results: Eleven polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed. The number of alleles observed for each locus ranged from three to 11. Conclusions: These microsatellites have sufficient potential variability to define population structure and origins of the Russian olive invasion.

  4. The effect of aqueous Elaeagnus angustifolia extract on acute non-inflammatory diarrhea in 1-5 year old children

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    Khoshdel Abofazl

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Introduction: Acute diarrhea is one of the most important causes of global childhood mortality and morbidity. The most common complication of acute diarrhea is dehydration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of aqueous Elaeagnus angustifolia extract in controlling non-inflammatory diarrhea in a hospital setting. Methods: In this case–controlled randomized double blind clinical trial 80 children in age range of 1-5 years were admitted in pediatric ward with diagnosis of non-inflammatory diarrhea. The patients were randomly divided into two equal groups of 40 cases. The subject in the first group received aqueous Elaeagnus angustifolia extract, 1.2 ml/Kg single dose for 4 days duration and the second group (control group 1.2 cm/Kg distilled water single dose for 4 days duration. Data analysis were performed by Chi-square and t-tests, using SPSS software. Results: The groups were similar regarding gender, mean age, and frequency, and consistency of defecation (p> 0.05. Although the children seemed better in regard to frequency and consistency of defecation, however the results showed that aqueous extract of Elaeagnus angustifolia was not significantly effective in the treatment of non-inflammatory diarrhea. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that the use of aqueous extract of Elaeagnus angustifolia was not effective in the treatment of non-inflammatory diarrhea in children.

  5. Evaluation on bioactivities of total flavonoids from Lavandula angustifolia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhao, Jun; Xu, Fang; Huang, Hua; Ji, Tengfei; Li, Chenyang; Tan, Wei; Chen, Yan; Ma, Long

    2015-07-01

    Lavandula angustifolia was used to treat flus and fevers, joint swelling and pain in Uighur medicine. This study aimed to investigate antioxidant, antit anti-inflammatory and antalgic noids content (530.1mg/g rutin/g dry extract) with stronger DPPH scavenging abilities and reduciactivities of total flavonoids from Lavandula angustifolia (LTF). Results indicated that LTF possesses the highest total flavong power. Some flavonoids separated from LTF, and their DPPH scavenging abilities as follows: rosmarinic acid (2, near to Vit C) >luteolin (3) >apigenin (4) >luteolin 7-O-β-D-glucoside (5) >apigenin 7-O-β-D-glucoside (6) >luteolin 7-O-β-D-glucuronide (7). LTF significantly decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) level in D-galactose induced aging model compared to the control group (P<0.05), as well as significantly increased plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities (P<0.05). Moreover, 17.4, 34.8 and 69.6 mg/kg doses of LTF were exhibited significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities in a dose dependent manner (P<0.05). Cytotoxicity of LTF on Bel-7402 and Hela cell lines were showed by MTT assay also. These results verified traditional usage of this plant and suggested also that LTF is worth developing and studying further.

  6. Tratamento de sementes de Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol. Kuntze com substâncias potencialmente repelentes à fauna consumidora.

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    Guilherme O. S. Ferraz de Arruda

    2010-08-01

    Full Text Available A semente de Araucaria angustifolia, o pinhão, é comumente utilizada como alimento e propágulo para regeneração da espécie. A intensa predação das sementes pela fauna silvestre, que ocorre em áreas recém-plantadas por semeadura direta e em viveiros florestais, é um dos fatores adversos e desestimulantes à propagação da espécie. Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar possíveis efeitos fitotóxicos de algumas substâncias naturais e sintéticas potencialmente repelentes à fauna silvestre, em sementes de Araucaria angustifolia "in vitro". O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Fitopatologia e Fisiologia Vegetal do CAV / UDESC, no período de junho a dezembro de 2004. As sementes, após preparadas e tratadas com substâncias de origem vegetal e sintéticas, foram semeadas em bandejas plásticas com substrato constituído por vermiculita e colocadas em câmara de crescimento com temperatura, umidade relativa do ar, umidade do substrato e períodos de luz controlados. Foi adotado o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, contendo 15 tratamentos, com 4 repetições de 10 pinhões. As substâncias testadas, isoladas ou em misturas, foram: extratos alcoólicos de fruto de pimenta vermelha, raiz de salsa tempero e, da parte aérea de losna, óleo essencial de eucalipto, óleo de linhaça, óleo de mamona, breu, oxicloreto de cobre, sulfato de cobre, enxofre e tinta látex PVA. Emissão de raiz, emissão da parte aérea, comprimento da raiz principal e da parte aérea foram avaliados 76 dias após a semeadura. As análises possibilitaram concluir que não houve efeitos fitotóxicos das substâncias testadas "in vitro" sobre as variáveis analisadas e que tais substâncias podem ser utilizadas nos experimentos de campo para testes de repelência aos animais consumidores de pinhões.

  7. Morphological variability of Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl in the north-western Balkans

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    Kristjan Jarni

    2011-08-01

    Full Text Available Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl is a species native in the north-western Balkans, where it has a divided range. Most of its range is located in flood-prone riparian sites in the Pannonian plain but the species is also found on humid sites along some rivers in the Submediterranean region. We analysed morphologic variation within and between five populations (14 trees/population located in the Subpannonian and Submediterranean region of Slovenia. Thirty two characters were assessed on ca. 80 leaves from each tree which were divided depending on exposure to sunlight (sun and shade leaves, and 8 traits on each fruit (ca. 50 fruits/tree. A hierarchically designed experiment using analysis of variance confirmed the significant contribution of all the analysed hierarchical levels of variation to the total variation. The results show that the differences between the trees in a single population are the greatest factor of variability of leaves, followed by differences between populations and differences which are the result of variation in exposure to sunlight. Leaves in shade positions are typically larger than those in sunny positions, and they have broader and shorter-pointed leaflets; in this feature they are very similar to the leaves of F. excelsior. Stepwise discriminant analysis showed that the traits which refer to the leaflet number and length are the best differentiating traits between individual populations. The Submediterranean population Dragonja stands out with the smallest leaves and the population Lijak from the same region is the most similar to Dragonja for most morphological traits. In general, phenotypic differences between the Subpannonian and the Submediterranean populations of F. angustifolia are minor and indistinct. Based on the differences ascertained by the study, we can only confirm the presence of F. angustifolia subsp. oxycarpa (Bieb. ex Willd. Franco et Rocha Alfonso in this part of its natural range.

  8. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Modulates Antioxidant Response and Ion Distribution in Salt-Stressed Elaeagnus angustifolia Seedlings

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    Wei Chang

    2018-04-01

    Full Text Available Elaeagnus angustifolia L. is a drought-resistant species. Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis is considered to be a bio-ameliorator of saline soils that can improve salinity tolerance in plants. The present study investigated the effects of inoculation with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis on the biomass, antioxidant enzyme activities, and root, stem, and leaf ion accumulation of E. angustifolia seedlings grown during salt stress conditions. Salt-stressed mycorrhizal seedlings produced greater root, stem, and leaf biomass than the uninoculated stressed seedlings. In addition, the seedlings colonized by R. irregularis showed notably higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD, catalase (CAT, and ascorbate peroxidase (APX in the leaves of the mycorrhizal seedlings in response to salinity compared to those of the non-mycorrhizal seedlings. Mycorrhizal seedlings not only significantly increased their ability to acquire K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+, but also maintained higher K+:Na+ ratios in the leaves and lower Ca2+:Mg2+ ratios than non-mycorrhizal seedlings during salt stress. These results suggest that the salt tolerance of E. angustifolia seedlings could be enhanced by R. irregularis. The arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis could be a promising method to restore and utilize salt-alkaline land in northern China.

  9. Coriandrum sativum and Lavandula angustifolia Essential Oils: Chemical Composition and Activity on Central Nervous System.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Caputo, Lucia; Souza, Lucéia Fátima; Alloisio, Susanna; Cornara, Laura; De Feo, Vincenzo

    2016-11-30

    The aims of this study are to determine the chemical composition of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. and Coriandrum sativum L. essential oils, to evaluate their cytotoxic effects in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, to investigate whether an alteration of adenylate cyclase 1 (ADCY1) and of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) expression can take part in the molecular mechanisms of the essential oils, and to study their possible neuronal electrophysiological effects. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation, and studied by GC and GC-MS. In the oils from L. angustifolia and C. sativum , linalool was the main component (33.1% and 67.8%, respectively). SH-SY5Y cells were incubated with different concentrations of essential oils and of linalool. Cell viability and effects on ADCY1 and ERK expression were analyzed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide MTT and Western blotting, respectively. Variation in cellular electrophysiology was studied in primary cultures of rat cortical neurons with a multi-electrode array (MEA)-based approach. The essential oils and linalool revealed different cytotoxic activities. Linalool inhibited ADCY1 and ERK expression. Neuronal networks subjected to L. angustifolia and C. sativum essential oils showed a concentration-dependent inhibition of spontaneous electrical activity.

  10. Immunoanalysis of dehydrins in Araucaria angustifolia embryos.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Farias-Soares, Francine Lunardi; Burrieza, Hernán Pablo; Steiner, Neusa; Maldonado, Sara; Guerra, Miguel Pedro

    2013-08-01

    The aim of this study was to describe the dehydrin content of mature Araucaria angustifolia embryos, a species of endangered and economically important conifers, native to southern Brazil, northeastern Argentina, and eastern Paraguay. The A. angustifolia seeds have been categorized as recalcitrant. Dehydrins were studied by western blot analysis and in situ immunolocalization microscopy using antibodies raised against the K segment, a highly conserved lysine-rich 15-amino acid sequence extensively used to recognize proteins immunologically related to the dehydrin family. Western blot analysis of the heat-stable protein fraction, as estimated by 15 % SDS-PAGE, revealed three main bands of approximately 20-, 26-, and 29-kDa; when 17.5 % SDS-PAGE was used, each band resolved into two other bands. Two thermosensitive dehydrin bands of around 16 and 35 kDa were common to the axis and cotyledons, and another thermosensitive band, with molecular mass of approximately 10 kDa, was present in the cotyledons only. Following alkaline phosphatase (AP) treatment, a gel mobility shift was detected for each one of the four main bands that can be due to phosphorylation. Dehydrins were detected in all axis and cotyledon tissues using in situ immunolocalization microscopy. At the subcellular level, dehydrins were immunolocalized in the nuclei, protein bodies, and microbodies. In the nucleus, dehydrins were found to be associated with chromatin. We concluded that the gel mobility shift for the four main bands (probably due to phosphorylation), the presence of thermosensitive bands, and the specific localizations in nuclei and protein bodies provide key starting points to understand the function of dehydrins in the embryo cells of this species.

  11. Anatomical traits related to stress in high density populations of Typha angustifolia L. (Typhaceae

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    F. F. Corrêa

    Full Text Available Abstract Some macrophytes species show a high growth potential, colonizing large areas on aquatic environments. Cattail (Typha angustifolia L. uncontrolled growth causes several problems to human activities and local biodiversity, but this also may lead to competition and further problems for this species itself. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate anatomical modifications on T. angustifolia plants from different population densities, once it can help to understand its biology. Roots and leaves were collected from natural populations growing under high and low densities. These plant materials were fixed and submitted to usual plant microtechnique procedures. Slides were observed and photographed under light microscopy and images were analyzed in the UTHSCSA-Imagetool software. The experimental design was completely randomized with two treatments and ten replicates, data were submitted to one-way ANOVA and Scott-Knott test at p<0.05. Leaves from low density populations showed higher stomatal density and index. These modifications on stomatal characteristics were more evident on the leaf abaxial surface. Plants from low density populations showed thicker mesophyll and higher proportion of aerenchymal area. Roots from low density populations showed a higher proportion of the vascular cylinder. Whereas, plants from higher density populations showed greater thickness of the endodermis, exodermis, phloem and root cortex. Higher density populations showed a higher proportion of aerenchymal gaps in the root cortex. Therefore, cattail plants from populations growing under high density population show anatomical traits typical of plants under stress, which promotes the development of less functional anatomical modifications to aquatic environments.

  12. Early harvest increases post-harvest physiological quality of Araucaria angustifolia (Araucariaceae) seeds.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shibata, Marília; Medeiros Coelho, Cileide Maria

    2016-06-01

    Araucaria angustifolia is a conifer native to Brazil and is an endangered species. Since this species seeds have a short period of viability, its vulnerability is higher. Thus the aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological quality of A. angustifolia seeds during the development and post-storage periods. For this, cones of A. angustifolia were collected from a natural population in Curitibanos, Santa Catarina, Brazil, in March, April, May and June 2012. The collected seeds were classified into developmental stages of cotyledonary, I, II and III according to the month of collection; a total of 10 cones were collected for each stage. Seeds were stored in a refrigerator for 60 and 120 days, and were submitted to a chamber germination test (25 °C-photoperiod 12 h). Additionally, seeds were tested for moisture content (105 °C for 24 hours), tetrazolium (0.1 % for 1 hour) and vigor (electric conductivity [75 mL distilled water at 25 °C], germination speed index, and shoot and root length). Our results showed that during seed development, moisture content decreased from the cotyledonary stage (66.54 %) to stage III (49.69 %), and vigor increased in the last stage. During storage, moisture content at cotyledonary stage and stage I was stable. On the other hand, stored seeds exhibited a decrease in moisture content after 120 days at stages II and III. Physiological quality at the cotyledonary stage resulted in an increased germination rate of 86 % and 93 % after 60 and 120 days of storage, respectively; unlike stages II and III exhibited a decrease in seed viability and vigor after storage. Electrical conductivity was higher for fresh seeds at the cotyledonary stage, than for those stored for 60 and 120 days. However, in other stages, released leachate content after 120 days of storage, increased with the advance of the collection period. Germination speed index and shoot and root lengths after storage were highest for seeds at the cotyledonary stage and stage I

  13. Liquid chromatographic determination of sennosides in Cassia angustifolia leaves.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Srivastava, Alpuna; Pandey, Richa; Verma, Ram K; Gupta, Madan M

    2006-01-01

    A simple liquid chromatographic method was developed for the determination of sennosides B and A in leaves of Cassia angustifolia. These compounds were extracted from leaves with a mixture of methanol-water (70 + 30, v/v) after defatting with hexane. Analyte separation and quantitation were achieved by gradient reversed-phase liquid chromatography and UV absorbance at 270 nm using a photodiode array detector. The method involves the use of an RP-18 Lichrocart reversed-phase column (5 microm, 125 x 4.0 mm id) and a binary gradient mobile-phase profile. The various other aspects of analysis, namely, peak purity, similarity, recovery, repeatability, and robustness, were validated. Average recoveries of 98.5 and 98.6%, with a coefficient of variation of 0.8 and 0.3%, were obtained by spiking sample solution with 3 different concentration solutions of standards (60, 100, and 200 microg/mL). Detection limits were 10 microg/mL for sennoside B and 35 microg/mL for sennoside A, present in the sample solution. The quantitation limits were 28 and 100 microg/mL. The analytical method was applied to a large number of senna leaf samples. The new method provides a reliable tool for rapid screening of C. angustifolia samples in large numbers, which is needed in breeding/genetic engineering and genetic mapping experiments.

  14. Typha angustifolia L. X T. latifolia L. (T.) (glauca Godr.) in Nederland

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Ooststroom, van S.J.; Reichgelt, Th.J.

    1962-01-01

    Typha x glauca Godr., the hybrid of T. angustifolia L. and T. latifolia L. was found in the Netherlands for the first time in 1847 and again in 1946, as appears from the collections in the Rijksherbarium, Leiden. Fig. 1 shows the differences found in the female flowers, the pollen, and the

  15. CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF Lavandula angustifolia Mill. WHICH IS A PHYTOCOSMETIC SPECIES AND INVESTIGATION OF ITS ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECT IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS

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    Aslıhan Cesur Turgut

    2016-11-01

    Full Text Available Lavander (Lavandula sp. is a precious essential oil plant from the Lamiaceae family. There are 39 lavender species (Lavandula sp. most of which have Mediterranean origin and among them three have high commercial value. While the essential oil quality of the lavender species (British lavender is high the lavandin species (hybrid lavender have high essential oil yield [2, 52]. In this study, the content of the extracts obtained from Lavandula angustifolia, which were grown in Burdur Örtülü locality, was determined via HPLC and GC analysis and the anti-microbial effect of the essential oil L. angustifolia was investigated. The study was made with the dried flowers of L. angustifolia. Some of the dried flowers were extracted and the essential oil was distilled from the remaining part. Various phenolic compounds in the extract were quantitatively determined by HPLC. Quantitatively cafeic, rosemeric and the 4-hydroxybenzoic acids were the most abundant phenolic acids in the content in decreasing order. In the GC analysis 31 different compounds were determined: Linalool and Linalil Acetate having the highest concentration. Anti-microbial effect was determined against the most frequently encountered microorganisms in the cosmetics: Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus brasiliensis. According to the results it is concluded that the essential oil, L. angustifolia, can be used either directly or incorporated into the cosmetics without the necessity for any other extra preservative against the said microrganisms. According to the literature these microorganisms, which are frequently found in creams, cause various diseases. It was observed that the essential oil L. Angustifolia could completely remove the contamination caused by the said micro-organisms as of the 14. day.

  16. Assessment of the neuroprotective effects of Lavandula angustifolia extract on the contusive model of spinal cord injury in Wistar rats

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    Gholamreza eKaka

    2016-02-01

    Full Text Available IntroductionSpinal cord injury (SCI involves a primary trauma and secondary cellular processes that can lead to severe damage to the nervous system, resulting in long-term spinal deficits. At the cellular level, SCI causes astrogliosis, of which glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP is a major index. ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of Lavandula angustifolia (Lav on the repair of spinal cord injuries in Wistar rats.Materials and MethodsForty-five female rats were randomly divided into six groups of seven rats each: the intact, sham, control (SCI, Lav 100, Lav 200, and Lav 400 groups. Every week after SCI onset, all animals were evaluated for behavior outcomes by the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB score. H&E staining was performed to examine the lesions post-injury. GFAP expression was assessed for astrogliosis. Somatosensory evoked potential (SEP testing was performed to detect the recovery of neural conduction.Results BBB scores were significantly increased and delayed responses on sensory tests were significantly decreased in the Lav 200 and Lav 400 groups compared to the control group. The greatest decrease of GFAP was evident in the Lav 200 and Lav 400 groups. EMG results showed significant improvement in the hindlimbs in the Lav 200 and Lav 400 groups compared to the control group. Cavity areas significantly decreased and the number of ventral motor neurons significantly increased in the Lav 200 and Lav 400 groups.ConclusionLav at doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg can promote structural and functional recovery after SCI. The neuroprotective effects of L. angustifolia can lead to improvement in the contusive model of spinal cord injury in Wistar rats.Keywords Spinal cord injury (SCI; Lavandula angustifolia; neuroprotection; Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB; glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP; somatosensory evoked potential (SEP

  17. Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles by leaf extract of Cassia angustifolia

    Science.gov (United States)

    Amaladhas, T. Peter; Sivagami, S.; Akkini Devi, T.; Ananthi, N.; Priya Velammal, S.

    2012-12-01

    In this study Cassia angustifolia (senna) is used for the environmentally friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Stable silver nanoparticles having symmetric surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band centred at 420 nm were obtained within 10 min at room temperature by treating aqueous solutions of silver nitrate with C. angustifolia leaf extract. The water soluble components from the leaves, probably the sennosides, served as both reducing and capping agents in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Vis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic techniques and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The nanoparticles were poly-dispersed, spherical in shape with particle size in the range 9-31 nm, the average size was found to be 21.6 nm at pH 11. The zeta potential was -36.4 mV and the particles were stable for 6 months. The crystalline phase of the nanoparticles was confirmed from the selected area diffraction pattern (SAED). The rate of formation and size of silver nanoparticles were pH dependent. Functional groups responsible for capping of silver nanoparticles were identified from the FTIR spectrum. The synthesized silver nanoparticles exhibited good antibacterial potential against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

  18. Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles by leaf extract of Cassia angustifolia

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Peter Amaladhas, T; Akkini Devi, T; Ananthi, N; Priya Velammal, S; Sivagami, S

    2012-01-01

    In this study Cassia angustifolia (senna) is used for the environmentally friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Stable silver nanoparticles having symmetric surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band centred at 420 nm were obtained within 10 min at room temperature by treating aqueous solutions of silver nitrate with C. angustifolia leaf extract. The water soluble components from the leaves, probably the sennosides, served as both reducing and capping agents in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were characterized using UV–Vis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic techniques and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The nanoparticles were poly-dispersed, spherical in shape with particle size in the range 9–31 nm, the average size was found to be 21.6 nm at pH 11. The zeta potential was –36.4 mV and the particles were stable for 6 months. The crystalline phase of the nanoparticles was confirmed from the selected area diffraction pattern (SAED). The rate of formation and size of silver nanoparticles were pH dependent. Functional groups responsible for capping of silver nanoparticles were identified from the FTIR spectrum. The synthesized silver nanoparticles exhibited good antibacterial potential against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. (paper)

  19. Estimation of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia frost resistance

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    Р. І. Кременчук

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available Purpose. To study effects of low temperatures on Lavandula angustifolia plants and their response depending on their age and variety as well as identify critical temperature values for such structure elements of plants as bark, cambium, wood, pith. Methods. Field investigation, spectrometric analysis, statistical evaluation. Results. Topicality of investigation of Lavandula angustifolia to be grown in the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine was highlighted. Low temperature effects on structural elements of shoots for 8 varieties of domestic and foreign selection were analyzed. One-year shoots have suffered the most from low temperatures – 4.5 points on a six-point scale, two- and three-year shoots were damaged in a lesser degree – from 0.8 to 2 points. Plants of ‘Feuervogel’ and ‘Maestro’ varieties with total damage coefficient of 11.3% and 10.6% accordingly were the most resistant to low temperatures. These varieties can be recommended to producers for further introduction to the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine. Conclusions. Tissues of a lavender one-year shoot were most damaged by low temperatures regardless of a variety, but this organ is ephemeral and can be removed without causing damage to a plant. Two- and three-year shoots, which provide plant recovery, were significantly less damaged. None of the plants from 8 studied lavender varieties was lost under the influence of low temperatures, though some of them were damaged significantly. Such varieties as ‘Feuervogel’, ‘König Humbert’, ‘Veseli notky’ (pith damage is on the level of 1–2 points, ‘Maestro’ (0.8–2.5 points were the most resistant to low temperature exposure which allows to conclude about successful lavender cultivation under conditions of the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine.

  20. Induction of quadrangular shapes to stems of Guadua angustifolia Kunth for the business development in the rural communities of Ecuadorian Amazon

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    Karina Carrera-Sánchez

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available Local development at indigenous communities from Ecuadorian Amazonía, may develop their potentialities and improve families’ incomes. In sector San José, cantón Mera, province Pastaza (Ecuador, the induction of square shape in G. angustifolia stems was studied using an adjustable metallic mold during three time intervals (15, 30 and 45 days. Square shape in stems of G. angustifolia was observed once metallic mold was used in shoots proliferation stage with 50 cm of height. It was obtained a 60.93 % of perimeter of stem with plane surface and six induced nodes. Metallic molds affected in approximately 55% the elongation of induced nodes, limiting stems normal length. By means of the induction of square shape in stems of G. angustifolia, members from farmer’s communities may develop agricultural production and commercialization to generate micro-enterprising and improve their life quality

  1. Enraizamento de microestacas de Lavandula angustifolia Rooting of Lavandula angustifolia microcuttings

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    Marília Pereira Machado

    2011-05-01

    Full Text Available A eliminação da etapa de enraizamento in vitro na micropropagação de plantas é desejável do ponto de vista econômico, além de proporcionar a melhoria na qualidade do sistema radicial formado. Dois experimentos foram realizados com os objetivos de avaliar diferentes concentrações (0; 2,5; 5,0 e 10mM de ácido indolbutírico (AIB no enraizamento ex vitro de lavanda (L. angustifolia, cv. 'Provence Blue' e avaliar a capacidade de enraizamento ex vitro das cultivares 'Vera', 'Provence Blue', 'English' e 'Elegance Ice'. Após 30 dias, foi avaliado o número de microestacas enraizadas, comprimento das raízes principais, porcentagem de enraizamento e porcentagem de sobrevivência. A concentração de 5,0mM de AIB foi mais efetiva para o comprimento de raízes e porcentagem de enraizamento das microestacas de lavanda cv. 'Provence Blue', apesar de reduzir o número de raízes formadas. Entre as cultivares estudadas, a porcentagem de sobrevivência das plantas variou de 82% a 100%. As cultivares apresentaram diferenças no enraizamento ex vitro das microestacas, sendo as maiores médias de porcentagem de enraizamento registradas na 'Provence Blue' e 'Elegance Ice'. Conclui-se que a microestaquia pode ser uma técnica eficiente para a propagação de lavanda, pelo tratamento das microestacas com 5,0mM de AIB, por proporcionar alta porcentagem de enraizamento e sobrevivência das plantas.Two experiments were carried out aiming to evaluate the ex vitro rooting of L. angustifolia cv. 'Provence Blue' treated with different concentrations (0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10mM of indolebutyric acid (IBA with talc as a vehicle to evaluated the ex vitro rooting of 'Vera', 'Provence Blue', 'English' and 'Elegance Ice' lavender cultivars. The experiments were carried out in a greenhouse using three concentrations of AIB plus control. After the 30th day, it was evaluated: surviving microcuttings percentage, percentage of rooted microcuttings, roots number, roots length

  2. Cloning and functional characterization of three terpene synthases from lavender (Lavandula angustifolia).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Landmann, Christian; Fink, Barbara; Festner, Maria; Dregus, Márta; Engel, Karl-Heinz; Schwab, Wilfried

    2007-09-15

    The essential oil of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) is mainly composed of mono- and sesquiterpenes. Using a homology-based PCR strategy, two monoterpene synthases (LaLIMS and LaLINS) and one sesquiterpene synthase (LaBERS) were cloned from lavender leaves and flowers. LaLIMS catalyzed the formation of (R)-(+)-limonene, terpinolene, (1R,5S)-(+)-camphene, (1R,5R)-(+)-alpha-pinene, beta-myrcene and traces of alpha-phellandrene. The proportions of these products changed significantly when Mn(2+) was supplied as the cofactor instead of Mg(2+). The second enzyme LaLINS produced exclusively (R)-(-)-linalool, the main component of lavender essential oil. LaBERS transformed farnesyl diphosphate and represents the first reported trans-alpha-bergamotene synthase. It accepted geranyl diphosphate with higher affinity than farnesyl diphosphate and also produced monoterpenes, albeit at low rates. LaBERS is probably derived from a parental monoterpene synthase by the loss of the plastidial signal peptide and by broadening its substrate acceptance spectrum. The identification and description of the first terpene synthases from L. angustifolia forms the basis for the biotechnological modification of essential oil composition in lavender.

  3. Phytoremediation potential of Cd and Zn by wetland plants, Colocasia esculenta L. Schott., Cyperus malaccensis Lam. and Typha angustifolia L. grown in hydroponics.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chayapan, P; Kruatrachue, M; Meetam, M; Pokethitiyook, P

    2015-09-01

    Cadmium and zinc phytoremediation potential of wetland plants, Colocasia esculenta, Cyperus malaccensis, and Typha angustifolia, was investigated. Plants were grown for 15 days in nutrient solutions containing various concentrations of Cd (0, 5, 10, 20, 50 mg l(-1)) and Zn (0, 10, 20, 50, 100 mg l(-1)). T angustifolia was tolerant to both metals as indicated by high RGR when grown in 50 mg I(-1) Cd and 100 mg I(-1) Zn solutions. All these plants accumulated more metals in their underground parts and > 100 mg kg(-1) in their aboveground with TF values 10,000 mg kg(-1) in its aboveground parts with TF > 1. T angustifolia exhibited highest biomass production and highest Cd and Zn uptake, confirming that this plant is a suitable candidate for treating of Cd contaminated soil/sediments.

  4. Mitochondria and redox homoeostasis as chemotherapeutic targets of Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Kuntze in human larynx HEp-2 cancer cells.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Branco, Cátia dos Santos; de Lima, Émilin Dreher; Rodrigues, Tiago Selau; Scheffel, Thamiris Becker; Scola, Gustavo; Laurino, Claudia Cilene Fernandes Correia; Moura, Sidnei; Salvador, Mirian

    2015-04-25

    Natural products are among one of the most promising fields in finding new molecular targets in cancer therapy. Laryngeal carcinoma is one of the most common cancers affecting the head and neck regions, and is associated with high morbidity rate if left untreated. The aim of this study was to examine the antiproliferative effect of Araucaria angustifolia on laryngeal carcinoma HEp-2 cells. The results showed that A. angustifolia extract (AAE) induced a significant cytotoxicity in HEp-2 cells compared to the non-tumor human epithelial (HEK-293) cells, indicating a selective activity of AAE for the cancer cells. A. angustifolia extract was able to increase oxidative damage to lipids and proteins, and the production of nitric oxide, along with the depletion of enzymatic antioxidant defenses (superoxide dismutase and catalase) in the tumor cell line. Moreover, AAE was able to induce DNA damage, nuclear fragmentation and chromatin condensation. A significant increase in the Apoptosis Inducing Factor (AIF), Bax, poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and caspase-3 cleavage expression were also found. These effects could be related to the ability of AAE to increase the production of reactive oxygen species through inhibition of the mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I activity and ATP production by the tumor cells. The phytochemical analysis of A. angustifolia, performed using High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS) in MS and MS/MS mode, showed the presence of dodecanoic and hexadecanoic acids, and phenolic compounds, which may be associated with the chemotherapeutic effect observed in this study. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

  5. Soil fertility affects elemental distribution in needles of the conifer Araucaria angustifolia: A microanalytical study

    Science.gov (United States)

    Araucaria angustifolia is a conifer species found in South American subtropical forests that comprises less than 3% of the native vegetation. Thus, little is known concerning the accumulation of nutritional elements in its needles. In this study, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energ...

  6. HEIGHT GROWTH OF Araucaria angustifolia (Bert. O. Ktze. ON THREE NATURAL SITES, AT REGION OF CANELA - RS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luciano Weber Scheeren

    2009-09-01

    Full Text Available This work has had as its principal objectives the study of dominant height growth considering its age in three natural sites, and the determination of natural sites classification efficacy for the Araucaria angustifolia (Bert. O. Ktze. in a planting stand in Canela, RS. For height and age data adjustment, determined through stem analysis, it was used the RICHARDS (1959 non-linear mathematics model, with two and three coefficients, resulting the three coefficient model as the most efficient to data adjustment of twelve dominant tree sampled on three natural sites in study. Seven groups of dominant trees with different trends growth were obtained, indicating that the natural sites classification did not detect with accuracy the effects of environmental  variables on height growth of Araucaria angustifolia.

  7. Effect of Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) Essential Oil on Acute Inflammatory Response

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cardia, Gabriel Fernando Esteves; Cavalcante, Heitor Augusto Otaviano; Cassarotti, Larissa Laila; Salvadego, Valter Eduardo Cocco; Spironello, Ricardo Alexandre; Bersani-Amado, Ciomar Aparecida

    2018-01-01

    Lavandula angustifolia is a plant of Lamiaceae family, with many therapeutic properties and biological activities, such as anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. essential oil (LEO) on acute inflammatory response. LEO was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) methods and showed predominance of 1,8-cineole (39.83%), borneol (22.63%), and camphor (22.12%). LEO at concentrations of 0.5, 1, 3, and 10 μg/ml did not present in vitro cytotoxicity. Additionally, LEO did not stimulate the leukocyte chemotaxis in vitro. The LEO topical application at concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/ear reduced edema formation, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and nitric oxide (NO) production in croton oil-induced ear edema model. In carrageenan-induced paw edema model, LEO treatment at doses of 75, 100, and 250 mg/kg reduced edema formation, MPO activity, and NO production. In dextran-induced paw edema model, LEO at doses of 75 and 100 mg/kg reduced paw edema and MPO activity. In conclusion, LEO presented anti-inflammatory activity, and the mechanism proposed of LEO seems to be, at least in part, involving the participation of prostanoids, NO, proinflammatory cytokines, and histamine. PMID:29743918

  8. Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.: From a variety of traditional medicinal applications to its novel roles as active antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic and analgesic agent

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rafie Hamidpour

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Elaeagnus angustifolia L., which is commonly known as oleaster or Russian olive, is a deciduous plant from Elaeagnacea family. This plant can tolerate and survive a wide variety of environmental conditions. Different parts of E. angustifolia plant, especially the fruits and flowers, have been used traditionally in treating a variety of common illnesses such as nausea, cough, asthma, fever, jaundice, and diarrhea. The use of fruit powder and extract of E. angustifolia L. have shown to be effective in alleviating pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and also in reducing the healing time of wounds in injured person. In addition, some recent reports have indicated the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer and some other properties of oleaster plant. The other important property of this plant would be its role in bio-monitoring the environment for some toxic elements and also its action as a bio-fertilizer agent in distressed lands. It seems that with more advanced studies on E. angustifolia L. and its bioactive components, this plant might be potentially effective and can be used as a natural alternative resource in pharmaceutical industries for treating chronic and serious problems, Fig. 1.

  9. PHYSIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol. Kuntze SEEDS SUBMITTED TO DIFFERENT STORAGE CONDITIONS AND ESCARIFICATION

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    Álvaro Valente Caçola

    2010-08-01

    Full Text Available The seeds of Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol. Kuntze are recalcitrants and, therefore, they lose rapidly the viability after the harvest, limiting their use for nursery production of seedlings. This work was carried out to investigate the effects of cold storage duration, conservation method, and escarification on germination and vigour of seeds of Araucaria angustifolia. The seeds were cold stored (0-1oC/90-95% RH for 0, 60, 120, and 180 days, under normal air condictions (NA, modified atmosphere (MA, and controlled atmosphere (CA storage. For each cold storage duration, after removal from cold storage, the seeds were submitted or not to scarification (by cutting a small portion of the apical seed tegument, avoiding the damage of the endosperm, letting the germinate in a chamber with controlled environment, in plastic trays filled with vermiculite, for 60 days. The experiment followed the completely randomized factorial design (4x3x2, with four cold storage durations (0, 60, 120, and 180 days, three storage methods (NA, MA, and CA, with or without escarification, and four replicates. There was a good preservation of physiological quality for seeds submitted to different conservation methods in cold storage along the 180-day period. However, there was a faster germination and initial growth of seedlings for seeds left in cold storage for 60 days than in seeds assessed at harvest or left in cold storage for 120-180 days. The NA storage of seeds in perfurated plastic bags was as efficient as MA and CA storage to preserve seeds quality. Seeds scarification increased vigor and promoted seedlings initial growth of Araucaria angustifolia after being removed from cold storage.

  10. Thermal and magnetic behavior of Angustifolia Kunth bamboo fibers covered with Fe3O4 particles

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Calvo, S.; Arias, N.P.; Giraldo, O.; Rosales-Rivera, A.; Moscoso, O.

    2012-01-01

    Several Angustifolia Kunth bamboo fibers, which have been previously treated with an alkaline solution, were coated with magnetite particles. The coating of the fibers was achieved by an in-situ co-precipitation method with Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ in NaOH or NH 4 OH. The fibers were evaluated by chemical analysis using atomic absorption (A.A.) technique, structural characterization by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal stability with thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) in nitrogen at temperature range between 23 °C and 800 °C and magnetic behavior using vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) applying a magnetic field between -27 KOe and 27 KOe at room temperature. We found that the thermal stability and magnetization depend of the synthesis method used to cover the Angustifolia Kunth bamboo fibers. In addition, an improved magnetic response was observed when NaOH solution is used to generate the magnetite coating on the fiber surface.

  11. Lavandula angustifolia Mill. Essential Oil Exerts Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Effect in Macrophage Mediated Immune Response to Staphylococcus aureus.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Giovannini, D; Gismondi, A; Basso, A; Canuti, L; Braglia, R; Canini, A; Mariani, F; Cappelli, G

    2016-01-01

    Different studies described the antibacterial properties of Lavandula angustifolia (Mill.) essential oil and its anti-inflammatory effects. Besides, no data exist on its ability to activate human macrophages during the innate response against Staphylococcus aureus. The discovery of promising regulators of macrophage-mediated inflammatory response, without side effects, could be useful for the prevention of, or as therapeutic remedy for, various inflammation-mediated diseases. This study investigated, by transcriptional analysis, how a L. angustifolia essential oil treatment influences the macrophage response to Staphylococcus aureus infection. The results showed that the treatment increases the phagocytic rate and stimulates the containment of intracellular bacterial replication by macrophages. Our data showed that this stimulation is coupled with expression of genes involved in reactive oxygen species production (i.e., CYBB and NCF4). Moreover, the essential oil treatment balanced the inflammatory signaling induced by S. aureus by repressing the principal pro-inflammatory cytokines and their receptors and inducing the heme oxygenase-1 gene transcription. These data showed that the L. angustifolia essential oil can stimulate the human innate macrophage response to a bacterium which is responsible for one of the most important nosocomial infection and might suggest the potential development of this plant extract as an anti-inflammatory and immune regulatory coadjutant drug.

  12. Obtención de una placa fotosensible como material de registro holográfico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    García, C.

    2000-08-01

    Full Text Available In this article was showed the procedure of obtaining and depositing of photosensitive dry films uses as holographic recording materials. We compare the thickness and the uniformity of plates obtained with two different depositing method, with a manual depositor and an automatic depositor. The influence of the thickness on the behaviour of the material as holographic recording material has been studied.

    En este artículo se presenta, en primer lugar, el procedimiento de obtención y depositado de películas fotosensibles secas utilizadas como material de registro holográfico, comparando el espesor y uniformidad de las placas obtenidas con dos métodos de depositado distinto, con un depositador manual y con un depositador automático. En segundo lugar se analiza la influencia del espesor en el comportamiento del material como material de registro holográfico.

  13. Composition of the essential oils of Kaempferia rotunda L. and Kaempferia angustifolia Roscoe rhizomes from Indonesia

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Woerdenbag, HJ; Windono, T; Bos, R; Riswan, S; Quax, WJ

    2004-01-01

    The volatile constituents of rhizomes (main rhizome, lateral parts) of two medicinally used Indonesian plants of the family Zingiberaceae, Kaempferia rotunda L. and K. angustifolia Roscoe, were investigated by GC and GC-MS (EI) analysis. A total of 75 compounds were identified. The most abundant

  14. Lavandula angustifolia Extract Improves the Result of Human Umbilical Mesenchymal Wharton's Jelly Stem Cell Transplantation after Contusive Spinal Cord Injury in Wistar Rats

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yaghoobi, Kayvan; Kaka, Gholamreza; Mansouri, Korosh; Davoodi, Shaghayegh; Sadraie, Seyed Homayoon; Hosseini, Seyed Ruhollah

    2016-01-01

    Introduction. The primary trauma of spinal cord injury (SCI) results in severe damage to nervous functions. At the cellular level, SCI causes astrogliosis. Human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells (HUMSCs), isolated from Wharton's jelly of the umbilical cord, can be easily obtained. Previously, we showed that the neuroprotective effects of Lavandula angustifolia can lead to improvement in a contusive SCI model in rats. Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of L. angustifolia (Lav) on HUMSC transplantation after acute SCI. Materials and Methods. Sixty adult female rats were randomly divided into eight groups. Every week after SCI onset, all animals were evaluated for behavior outcomes. H&E staining was performed to examine the lesions after injury. GFAP expression was assessed for astrogliosis. Somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) testing was performed to detect the recovery of neural conduction. Results. Behavioral tests showed that the HUMSC group improved in comparison with the SCI group, but HUMSC + Lav 400 was very effective, resulting in a significant increase in locomotion activity. Sensory tests and histomorphological and immunohistochemistry analyses verified the potentiation effects of Lav extract on HUMSC treatment. Conclusion. Transplantation of HUMSCs is beneficial for SCI in rats, and Lav extract can potentiate the functional and cellular recovery with HUMSC treatment in rats after SCI. PMID:27057171

  15. Utilization of Lavandula angustifolia Miller extracts as naturalrepellents, pharmaceutical and industrial auxiliaries

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    AYOE YUSUFOGLU

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available Essential oils, absolutes and concretes were prepared from the flowers and leaves of the plant Lavandula angustifolia Miller cultivated in the Bosphorus region of Istanbul, Turkey. The difference in the chemical composition of the mentioned extracts was investigated and compared by using a combination of capillary GC-MS with the aim of offering them as repellent, pharmaceutical and industrial auxiliaries. The IR-spectra, the yields and the physico-chemical data of the extracts were also analysed.

  16. ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SOLUBLE POLYSACCHARIDES FROM CALAMAGROSTIS ANGUSTIFOLIA KOM

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    Xue-Fei Cao

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available Sequential treatments of dewaxed Calamagrostis angustifolia Kom with water (60 ºC and 90 ºC, 70% ethanol, and 70% ethanol containing 0.2%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 4.0%, and 8.0% NaOH at a solid to liquid ratio of 1:25 (g/mL at 80 ºC for 3 h yielded 36.2% soluble polysaccharides of the dry dewaxed material. The eight polysaccharide fractions obtained were comparatively studied by sugar analysis, GPC, FT-IR, 1H and 13C-NMR, and 2D-NMR (HSQC spectroscopy. The results showed that the water-soluble polysaccharides might contain noticeable amounts of β-D-glucan, as well as some pectic substances and galactoarabinoxylan. 70% ethanol-soluble polysaccharide was mainly arabinogalactan. The five alkali-soluble hemicelluloses were mainly galactoarabinoxylans. The Ara/Xyl and Ara/Gal values of H5-H8 fractions decreased with the increment of NaOH concentration from 1.0% to 8.0%. Meanwhile, the molecular weights had a declining trend from ~60,000 to ~40,000 g/mol. The smaller sized and more branched polysaccharides tended to be extracted in the early stages under milder conditions, and the larger molecular sized and more linear hemicelluloses tended to be isolated under more highly alkaline conditions.

  17. Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of essential oil from leaves and rhizomes of Curcuma angustifolia Roxb.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jena, Sudipta; Ray, Asit; Banerjee, Anwesha; Sahoo, Ambika; Nasim, Noohi; Sahoo, Suprava; Kar, Basudeba; Patnaik, Jeetendranath; Panda, Pratap Chandra; Nayak, Sanghamitra

    2017-09-01

    The essential oil extracted from rhizome and leaf of Curcuma angustifolia Roxb. (Zingiberaceae) was characterised by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 32 and 35 identified constituents, comprising 92.6% and 92% of total leaf and rhizome oil, respectively. Curzerenone (33.2%), 14-hydroxy-δ-cadinene (18.6%) and γ-eudesmol acetate (7.3%) were the main components in leaf oil. In rhizome oil, curzerenone (72.6%), camphor (3.3%) and germacrone (3.3%) were found to be the major constituents. Antioxidant capacities of oil were assessed by various methods, 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2, 2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and reducing power ability (RPA). Based on the results, the leaf oil showed more antioxidant potential as compared to rhizome oil and reference standards (ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)). Thus, the leaf essential oil of C. angustifolia can be used as an alternative source of natural antioxidant.

  18. Axial variation of basic density of Araucaria angustifolia wood in different diameter classes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rômulo Trevisan

    Full Text Available ABSTRACT: The study of the wood characteristics is of fundamental importance for the correct use of this raw material and, among its properties, the basic density is a major, being reference in the quality of this material. This study aimed to evaluate the axial variation of basic density of the wood of Araucaria angustifolia (Bertoloni O. Kuntze in different diameter classes. For this, three trees were selected in six diameter classes, called class 1 (20-30cm, class 2 (30.1-40cm, class 3 (40.1-50cm, class 4 (50.1-60cm, class 5 (60.1-70cm and class 6 (70.1-80cm. From each individual sampled was withdrawn a disc at 0.1m (base, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the height of the first live branch and in the diameter at 1.30m from the ground (DBH, which were used for determining basic density. The weighted average basic density was equal to 0.422g cm-3 and, regardless of the diameter class analyzed, this property decreased in the axial direction. Diameter induced variation of basic density, but has not been verified a positive or negative systematic tendency in relation to the sampled interval.

  19. MANEJO DO CRESCIMENTO DIAMÉTRICO DE Araucaria angustifolia (Bert. O. Ktze. BASEADO NA ÁRVORE INDIVIDUAL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leif Nutto

    2001-04-01

    Full Text Available Neste trabalho, foi analisado o potencial do crescimento diamétrico de Araucaria angustifolia (Bert. O. Ktze. em diferentes sítios, com o objetivo de obter informações para o manejo dessa espécie em florestas heterogêneas inequiâneas, visando à produção de madeira de alta qualidade em árvores pré-selecionadas. O material usado constitui-se de 400 árvores de florestas nativas e plantios, crescendo sob condições e tratamentos variáveis nos estados de Santa Catarina, Paraná e Rio Grande do Sul. O método usado para investigar a relação entre a largura da copa e o dap foi baseado na projeção horizontal da copa da árvore individual. Usando 16 amostras de 25 árvores, foram estudados vários estágios de desenvolvimento. Para cada amostra, foi feito um mapa de distribuição das árvores e das projeções das copas para avaliar o efeito da competição. O estudo mostra que existe uma estreita relação entre a largura da copa e o dap, que pode ser usada para o desenvolvimento de novas ferramentas de decisão aplicáveis em árvores individuais para o manejo de araucária em florestas heterogêneas inequiâneas ou para a produção de madeira de alta qualidade com árvores pré-selecionadas. Também, mostrou-se uma estreita correlação entre o crescimento de diâmetro e a qualidade do sítio, pois a expansão máxima da copa depende da qualidade deste, indicando que ele deve ser considerado como fator limitante para o manejo do crescimento.

  20. Cardioprotective Effects of Essential Oil of Lavandula angustifolia on Isoproterenol-induced Acute Myocardial Infarction in Rat

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ziaee, Mojtaba; Khorrami, Arash; Ebrahimi, Maryam; Nourafcan, Hassan; Amiraslanzadeh, Masoumeh; Rameshrad, Maryam; Garjani, Mehraveh; Garjani, Alireza

    2015-01-01

    Myocardial infarction (MI) is a common presentation of the ischemic heart disease. Lavandula angustifolia is an herbaceous plant with antioxidative effects. This study was designed to investigate the cardioprotective effects of lavandula angustifolia essential oil against isoproterenol-induced MI in rats. The dried sample was subjected to hydrodistillation by using a Clevenger and the oils were dried over anhydrous Na2SO4. Male Wistar rats were assigned to 6 groups of control, sham, isoproterenol and treatment with 5, 10, 20 mg/Kg of the essential oil. MI was induced by subcutaneous injection of Isoproterenol (100 mg/Kg) for 3 consecutive days at an interval of 24 h. The essential oil was given intraperitoneally every 24 h started at MI induction. Following anesthesia, hemodynamic parameters were measured. After sacrificing the animals, the hearts were removed to measure the heart to body weight ratio and histopathological examination. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in heart tissues for evaluating the activity of neutrophils and lipid peroxidation, respectively. The essential oil amended ECG pattern by suppressing ST-segment elevation and increasing R-amplitude. 10 mg/Kg of the essential oil significantly decreased heart to body weight ratio (P<0.001) and the elevation of MDA and MPO in myocardium, it also increased dp/dtmax from 2793 ± 210 to 4488 ± 253 mmHg/sec (P<0.001), and 20 mg/Kg of it significantly lowered LVEDP from 14 ± 3.43 to 4.3 ± 0.83 mmHg (P<0.001).The results demonstrated that L. angustifolia protects myocardium against isoproterenol-induced MI that it could be related to its antioxidant properties. PMID:25561934

  1. Ladrillo ecológico como material sostenible para la construcción

    OpenAIRE

    Cabo Laguna, María

    2011-01-01

    Se propone la realización de un nuevo material constructivo, denominado Ecoladrillo, inspirado en el tradicional adobe y que sustituya al ladrillo convencional cocido. Para ello se emplea un suelo marginal no empleado hasta el momento para la fabricación de ladrillos. Como aditivos comerciales se emplean el cemento para la realización de las combinaciones de referencia y, la menos usual pero igual de eficiente cal hidráulica. Como aditivo resistente se utilizan las cenizas de cáscaras de arro...

  2. PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol. WOOD FOR THREE STRATUM PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rafael Beltrame

    2010-11-01

    Full Text Available The study of physical and mechanical properties of wood is essential for industrial use both in construction and the manufacture of furniture. Thus, the study aimed to determine the physical and mechanical properties of the Araucaria angustifolia wood in terms of three strata phytosociological. For this, 15 trees were felled, five belonging to the upper stratum, the middle stratum five and five for the lower strata. The trees were deployed for the preparation of specimens used for mechanical testing. In the mechanical characterization of the species assays were performed for impact resistance, static bending, compression axial and perpendicular to the fibers. As for the characterization of physical properties, determined the apparent specific gravity at 12% relative humidity for each extract. The results did not show significant differences in the tests of impact resistance and static bending to the strata phytosociological. As for the apparent specific gravity, compression axial and perpendicular there was a change in the values of propertiesbetween the strata phytosociological, is generally butter in the middle and upper strata. Therefore the physical and mechanical properties tend to present higher values these two strata. The data analysis allowed of Araucaria angustifolia wood has moderate mechanical strength when compared with other species studies.

  3. Russian Olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia Removal in the Western United States: Multi-Site Findings and Considerations for Future Research

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Margaret Gaddis

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available Elaeagnus angustifolia (Russian olive is an introduced tree that has become one of the dominant species in many watersheds in the American West. Although it is a target of restoration efforts, very little is known about vegetation response after removal of this exotic species. To address this gap we surveyed 25 sites in Colorado, Wyoming, and Montana where E. angustifolia was removed. We collected information regarding plant cover and richness, climate, soil characteristics, management history, and geography. We analyzed these data using regression tree modeling. Our results indicate that moisture and temperature are key environmental factors relating to restoration success as measured by abundance of native cover; lower temperatures and greater availability of water were generally associated with more native cover. These results have important implications for selection of restoration sites, and for understanding the consequences of removing this species.

  4. Análisis cuantitativos de los principales constituyentes químicos de raíces de Echinacea purpurea y E. Angustifolia producidas en Costa Rica1

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jorge Loaiza

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available Se cuantificó los fenilpropanoides libres: ácido clorogénico y ácido cichórico, glicosídicos (equinacósido; así como las alcamidas presentes en extractos de raíces de las plantas medicinales Echinacea purpurea y E. angustifolia, producidas en 3 localidades de Costa Rica: Los Santos a 1650 msnm, Santa Bárbara de Heredia a 1250 msnm y Ojo de Agua a 850 msnm. Conforme disminuyó la altitud de las zonas de siembra, también disminuyó la concentración de los metabolitos analizados. La concentración de los fenilpropanoides y del equinacósido (sintetizado exclusivamente por E. angustifolia producidos en Costa Rica, fue 100 y 34% mayor, respectivamente, que la concentración reportada para una muestra control proveniente de EE.UU. Las alcamidas se produjeron en un rango de 0,89-2,31% comparado con 0,004-0,36% reportado en EE.UU. En Costa Rica la presencia de alcamidas fue similar para las 3 zonas en estudio. Sin embargo, 2 de ellas presentaron un grado de isomerismo diferente al reportado en muestras de EE.UU. Estos resultados indican que en condiciones tropicales, no solo se puede producir Echinacea en un menor tiempo, sino también que las cantidades de metabolitos secundarios son mayores a las producidas por la planta en sus áreas de origen. La presencia de compuestos con diferente grado de isomerismo podría presentar nuevas alternativas de uso de esos metabolitos.

  5. Three new benzolactones from Lavandula angustifolia and their bioactivities.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shi, Jian-Lian; Tang, Shi-Yun; Liu, Chun-Bo; Ye, Ling; Yang, Pei-Song; Zhang, Feng-Mei; He, Pei; Liu, Zhi-Hua; Miao, Ming-Ming; Guo, Ya-Dong; Shen, Qin-Peng

    2017-08-01

    Three new benzolactones (1-3), together with four known ones (4-7), were isolated from the whole herb of Lavandula angustifolia. Their structures were established on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis (1D- and 2D-NMR, HRESIMS, UV, and IR) and comparison with data reported in the literature. New compounds were evaluated for their anti-tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) activities and cytotoxic activities. The results revealed that compounds 1-3 showed obvious anti-TMV activities with inhibition rates of 26.9, 30.2, and 28.4%, which were at the same grade as positive control. Compounds 1-3 also showed weak inhibitory activities against some tested human tumor cell lines with IC 50 values in the range of 32.1-7.6 μM.

  6. Impact of the invasive species Elaeagnus Angustifolia L. on vegetation in Pontic desert steppe zone (Southern Ukraine)

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Sudnik-Wojcikowska, B.; Moysiyenko, I.; Slim, P.A.; Moraczewski, I.R.

    2009-01-01

    The Irano-Turanian species – Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) – is one of most commonly planted tree in the shelterbelts in southern Ukraine. The consequences of introduction of the species from windbreaks, into areas of different land use in west and central Pontic desert steppe zone are

  7. La semilla de Campsiandra angustifolia (Fabaceae:Caesalpiniodeaecomo un reflejo de las presiones selectivas sobre su dispersión y establecimiento

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alejandro G Farji-Brener

    2005-06-01

    Full Text Available Evaluamos indirectamente las presiones selectivas sobre la dispersión y el establecimiento en Campsiandra angustifolia, un árbol de la Amazonía Peruana dispersado por agua, analizando variaciones de la relación entre el volumen ocupado por las estructuras de dispersión y de establecimiento en sus semillas. Medimos un total de 535 semillas de 13 árboles ubicados en tres hábitats diferentes, las cuales presentaron una gran variación en su volumen total. Independientemente del tamaño de la semilla y de la ubicación del árbol de origen, la relación entre el volumen asignado a estructuras de establecimiento y a estructuras de dispersión fue relativamente constante (~1 y presentó una distribución normal con baja asimetría, indicando selección estabilizante. Este resultado sugiere que los procesos de dispersión y establecimiento poseen una importancia relativa similar para C.angustifolia en los hábitats estudiados. En especies con semillas empaquetadas, el volumen relativo ocupado por estructuras relacionadas con la dispersión o el establecimiento podría ser una medida más adecuada de la solución de compromiso entre estos dos procesos que la variación del tamaño de la semillaThe seeds of Campsiandra angustifolia (Fabaceae:Caesalpiniodeae as a reflex of selective pressures on dispersal and establishment. We indirectly evaluated the selective pressures on dispersal and establishment of Campsiandra angustifolia, a common water-dispersed tree from the Peruvian Amazon, analyzing the variation in the relationship between the volume occupied by dispersal and establishment structures in a total of 535 seeds from 13 trees located at three different habitats. The seeds differed one order of magnitude in their total volume. However, independently of their size and the location of the maternal tree, the relationship between the volume occupied by dispersal and establishment structures was relatively constant (~1 and showed a normal

  8. Comparative proteomic analysis of Typha angustifolia leaf under chromium, cadmium and lead stress

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bah, Alieu Mohamed; Sun Hongyan; Chen Fei; Zhou Jing; Dai Huaxin; Zhang Guoping [Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Huajiachi Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029 (China); Wu Feibo, E-mail: wufeibo@zju.edu.cn [Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Huajiachi Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029 (China)

    2010-12-15

    The present study investigated Typha angustifolia leaf proteome in response to Cr, Cd and Pb stress. T. angustifolia of 90 (D90) and 130 d (D130) old plants were subjected to 1 mM Cr, Cd and Pb and samples were collected 30 d after treatment. 2-DE coupled with MS (mass spectrometry) was used to analyze and identify Cr, Cd and Pb-responsive proteins. More than 1600 protein spots were reproducibly detected on each gel, wherein 44, 46, 66 and 33, 26, 62 spots in D90 and D130 samples were differentially expressed by Cr, Cd, Pb over the control, respectively. Of these differentially expressed proteins, 3, 1, 8 overlapped in D90 and D130; while 5, 8, 5 with regulation factors above 3 in one of D90 or D130 samples. Total of 22 and 4 up- and down-regulated proteins were identified using MS and data bank analysis. Cr-induced expression of ATP synthase, RuBisCO small subunit and coproporphyrinogen III oxidase; Cd-induced RuBisCO large subunit; Pb up-regulated carbohydrate metabolic pathway enzymes of fructokinase, and improved RuBisCO activase and large subunit, Mg-protoporphyrin IX chelatase. Contrarily, elF4F was inhibited by Cr/Pb, chloroplast FtsZ-like protein and GF14omega impeded by Cd and Pb, respectively.

  9. Comparative proteomic analysis of Typha angustifolia leaf under chromium, cadmium and lead stress

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bah, Alieu Mohamed; Sun Hongyan; Chen Fei; Zhou Jing; Dai Huaxin; Zhang Guoping; Wu Feibo

    2010-01-01

    The present study investigated Typha angustifolia leaf proteome in response to Cr, Cd and Pb stress. T. angustifolia of 90 (D90) and 130 d (D130) old plants were subjected to 1 mM Cr, Cd and Pb and samples were collected 30 d after treatment. 2-DE coupled with MS (mass spectrometry) was used to analyze and identify Cr, Cd and Pb-responsive proteins. More than 1600 protein spots were reproducibly detected on each gel, wherein 44, 46, 66 and 33, 26, 62 spots in D90 and D130 samples were differentially expressed by Cr, Cd, Pb over the control, respectively. Of these differentially expressed proteins, 3, 1, 8 overlapped in D90 and D130; while 5, 8, 5 with regulation factors above 3 in one of D90 or D130 samples. Total of 22 and 4 up- and down-regulated proteins were identified using MS and data bank analysis. Cr-induced expression of ATP synthase, RuBisCO small subunit and coproporphyrinogen III oxidase; Cd-induced RuBisCO large subunit; Pb up-regulated carbohydrate metabolic pathway enzymes of fructokinase, and improved RuBisCO activase and large subunit, Mg-protoporphyrin IX chelatase. Contrarily, elF4F was inhibited by Cr/Pb, chloroplast FtsZ-like protein and GF14omega impeded by Cd and Pb, respectively.

  10. Antioxidant capacity and total phenolic contents of oregano (Origanum vulgare), lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) and lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) from Romania.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Spiridon, Iuliana; Colceru, Svetlana; Anghel, Narcis; Teaca, Carmen Alice; Bodirlau, Ruxanda; Armatu, Alice

    2011-10-01

    The study reported here presents a comparative screening of three medicinal plants including oregano (Origanum vulgare L.), lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) and lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) having the same geographical origin, the Southeast region of Romania, and growing in the same natural conditions. The contents of total phenolics and total flavonoids for the extracts of these were determined. Furthermore, the total antioxidant capacity was also evaluated. It was found that Origanum vulgare and Melissa officinalis extracts present the most effective antioxidant capacity in scavenging DPPH radicals, while Lavandula angustifolia is less active. High performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis was used to identify the components of extracts. Major phenolic acids identified in the analysed species were ferulic, rosmarinic, p-coumaric and caffeic, while predominant flavonoids were quercetin, apigenin kaempherol, which were present as glucosides.

  11. Functional Characterisation of Anticancer Activity in the Aqueous Extract of Helicteres angustifolia L. Roots.

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    Kejuan Li

    Full Text Available Helicteres angustifolia L. is a shrub that forms a common ingredient of several cancer treatment recipes in traditional medicine system both in China and Laos. In order to investigate molecular mechanisms of its anticancer activity, we prepared aqueous extract of Helicteres angustifolia L. Roots (AQHAR and performed several in vitro assays using human normal fibroblasts (TIG-3 and osteosarcoma (U2OS. We found that AQHAR caused growth arrest/apoptosis of U2OS cells in a dose-dependent manner. It showed no cytotoxicity to TIG-3 cells at doses up to 50 μg/ml. Biochemical, imaging and cell cycle analyses revealed that it induces ROS signaling and DNA damage response selectively in cancer cells. The latter showed upregulation of p53, p21 and downregulation of Cyclin B1 and phospho-Rb. Furthermore, AQHAR-induced apoptosis was mediated by increase in pro-apoptotic proteins including cleaved PARP, caspases and Bax. Anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 showed decrease in AQHAR-treated U2OS cells. In vivo xenograft tumor assays in nude mice revealed dose-dependent suppression of tumor growth and lung metastasis with no toxicity to the animals suggesting that AQHAR could be a potent and safe natural drug for cancer treatment.

  12. Comparative studies of cytotoxic and apoptotic properties of different extracts and the essential oil of Lavandula angustifolia on malignant and normal cells.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tayarani-Najaran, Zahra; Amiri, Atefeh; Karimi, Gholamreza; Emami, Seyed Ahmad; Asili, Javad; Mousavi, Seyed Hadi

    2014-01-01

    Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) is a bush-like shrub from Lamiaceae. The herb has been used in alternative medicine for several centuries. In this study, the cytotoxicity and the mechanisms of cell death induced by 3 different extracts of aerial parts and the essential oil of L. angustifolia were compared in normal and cancerous human cells. Malignant (HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines) and nonmalignant (human fibroblasts) cells were incubated with different concentrations of the plant extracts. Cell viability was quantified by MTS assay. Apoptotic cells were determined using propidium iodide staining of DNA fragmentation by flow cytometry (sub-G1 peak). The molecules as apoptotic signal translation, including Bax and cleaved PARP, were identified by Western blot. Ethanol and n-hexane extracts and essential oil exhibited significant cytotoxicity to malignant cells but marginal cytotoxicity to human fibroblasts in vitro and induced a sub-G1 peak in flow cytometry histogram of treated cells compared to the control. Western blot analysis demonstrated that EtOH and n-hexane extracts upregulated Bax expression, also it induced cleavage of PARP in HeLa cells compared to the control. In conclusion, L. angustifolia has cytotoxic and apoptotic effects in HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines, and apoptosis is proposed as the possible mechanism of action.

  13. Thermal and magnetic behavior of Angustifolia Kunth bamboo fibers covered with Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} particles

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Calvo, S. [Laboratorio de Magnetismo y Materiales Avanzados, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Manizales, Manizales (Colombia); Arias, N.P. [Laboratorio de Materiales Nanoestructurados y Funcionales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Manizales, Manizales (Colombia); Departamento de Ingenieria Electrica, Electronica y Computacion, Facultad de Ingenieria y Arquitectura, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Manizales, Manizales (Colombia); Giraldo, O., E-mail: ohggiraldo@hotmail.com [Laboratorio de Materiales Nanoestructurados y Funcionales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Manizales, Manizales (Colombia); Rosales-Rivera, A.; Moscoso, O. [Laboratorio de Magnetismo y Materiales Avanzados, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Manizales, Manizales (Colombia)

    2012-08-15

    Several Angustifolia Kunth bamboo fibers, which have been previously treated with an alkaline solution, were coated with magnetite particles. The coating of the fibers was achieved by an in-situ co-precipitation method with Fe{sup 2+} and Fe{sup 3+}in NaOH or NH{sub 4}OH. The fibers were evaluated by chemical analysis using atomic absorption (A.A.) technique, structural characterization by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal stability with thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) in nitrogen at temperature range between 23 Degree-Sign C and 800 Degree-Sign C and magnetic behavior using vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) applying a magnetic field between -27 KOe and 27 KOe at room temperature. We found that the thermal stability and magnetization depend of the synthesis method used to cover the Angustifolia Kunth bamboo fibers. In addition, an improved magnetic response was observed when NaOH solution is used to generate the magnetite coating on the fiber surface.

  14. El videojuego como material educativo: La Odisea

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    Belén Mainer Blanco

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available La investigación se basa en la función educativa que pueden cumplir los videojuegos, un campo que consideramos inexplorado por tres motivos principalmente: su reciente incorporación, su impopularidad educativa (el rechazo el videojuego como herramienta de aprendizaje y considerado, por el contrario, como una distracción, y la incompleta incorporación de las nuevas tecnologías de información y comunicación (TIC en el ámbito familiar y educativo. En una segunda parte, se ha realizado una aplicación práctica tomando como referencia la gran obra universal “La Odisea”, cuya intención es mostrar la utilidad del videojuego como complemento educativo.

  15. Lavandula angustifolia Extract Improves the Result of Human Umbilical Mesenchymal Wharton’s Jelly Stem Cell Transplantation after Contusive Spinal Cord Injury in Wistar Rats

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    Kayvan Yaghoobi

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Introduction. The primary trauma of spinal cord injury (SCI results in severe damage to nervous functions. At the cellular level, SCI causes astrogliosis. Human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells (HUMSCs, isolated from Wharton’s jelly of the umbilical cord, can be easily obtained. Previously, we showed that the neuroprotective effects of Lavandula angustifolia can lead to improvement in a contusive SCI model in rats. Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of L. angustifolia (Lav on HUMSC transplantation after acute SCI. Materials and Methods. Sixty adult female rats were randomly divided into eight groups. Every week after SCI onset, all animals were evaluated for behavior outcomes. H&E staining was performed to examine the lesions after injury. GFAP expression was assessed for astrogliosis. Somatosensory evoked potential (SEP testing was performed to detect the recovery of neural conduction. Results. Behavioral tests showed that the HUMSC group improved in comparison with the SCI group, but HUMSC + Lav 400 was very effective, resulting in a significant increase in locomotion activity. Sensory tests and histomorphological and immunohistochemistry analyses verified the potentiation effects of Lav extract on HUMSC treatment. Conclusion. Transplantation of HUMSCs is beneficial for SCI in rats, and Lav extract can potentiate the functional and cellular recovery with HUMSC treatment in rats after SCI.

  16. Evaluation of antioxidant potential of Lavandula x intermedia Emeric ex Loisel. 'Budrovka': a comparative study with L. angustifolia Mill.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Blazeković, Biljana; Vladimir-Knezević, Sanda; Brantner, Adelheid; Stefan, Maja Bival

    2010-08-30

    A Croatian indigenous cultivar of lavandin, Lavandula x intermedia 'Budrovka' (Lamiaceae) was studied for the phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, procyanidins and total tannins, as well as total polyphenols content, in the flower, inflorescence stalk and leaf ethanolic extracts. Antioxidant potentials on these plant part extracts were assessed by the DPPH free radical scavenging activity, iron chelating activity, reducing power, lipid peroxidation inhibition properties and total antioxidant capacity assays. All results were compared with those of Lavandula angustifolia, the only member of the Lavandula genus officially used in modern phytotherapy. Based on the results of our parallel study, we may suggest that Lavandula x intermedia 'Budrovka' is as potent an antioxidant as Lavandula angustifolia and the antioxidant activity of the Lavandula extracts is mainly due to the presence of rosmarinic acid. A good correlation was found between the polyphenol contents and antioxidant activities of the extracts.

  17. Evaluation of Antioxidant Potential of Lavandula x intermedia Emeric ex Loisel. 'Budrovka': A Comparative Study with L. angustifolia Mill.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maja Bival Štefan

    2010-08-01

    Full Text Available A Croatian indigenous cultivar of lavandin, Lavandula x intermedia 'Budrovka' (Lamiaceae was studied for the phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, procyanidins and total tannins, as well as total polyphenols content, in the flower, inflorescence stalk and leaf ethanolic extracts. Antioxidant potentials on these plant part extracts were assessed by the DPPH free radical scavenging activity, iron chelating activity, reducing power, lipid peroxidation inhibition properties and total antioxidant capacity assays. All results were compared with those of Lavandula angustifolia, the only member of the Lavandula genus officially used in modern phytotherapy. Based on the results of our parallel study, we may suggest that Lavandula x intermedia 'Budrovka' is as potent an antioxidant as Lavandula angustifolia and the antioxidant activity of the Lavandula extracts is mainly due to the presence of rosmarinic acid. A good correlation was found between the polyphenol contents and antioxidant activities of the extracts

  18. Assessment of the Neuroprotective Effects of Lavandula angustifolia Extract on the Contusive Model of Spinal Cord Injury in Wistar Rats

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kaka, Gholamreza; Yaghoobi, Kayvan; Davoodi, Shaghayegh; Hosseini, Seyed R.; Sadraie, Seyed H.; Mansouri, Korosh

    2016-01-01

    Introduction: Spinal cord injury (SCI) involves a primary trauma and secondary cellular processes that can lead to severe damage to the nervous system, resulting in long-term spinal deficits. At the cellular level, SCI causes astrogliosis, of which glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is a major index. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of Lavandula angustifolia (Lav) on the repair of spinal cord injuries in Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Forty-five female rats were randomly divided into six groups of seven rats each: the intact, sham, control (SCI), Lav 100, Lav 200, and Lav 400 groups. Every week after SCI onset, all animals were evaluated for behavior outcomes by the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) score. H&E staining was performed to examine the lesions post-injury. GFAP expression was assessed for astrogliosis. Somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) testing was performed to detect the recovery of neural conduction. Results: BBB scores were significantly increased and delayed responses on sensory tests were significantly decreased in the Lav 200 and Lav 400 groups compared to the control group. The greatest decrease of GFAP was evident in the Lav 200 and Lav 400 groups. EMG results showed significant improvement in the hindlimbs in the Lav 200 and Lav 400 groups compared to the control group. Cavity areas significantly decreased and the number of ventral motor neurons significantly increased in the Lav 200 and Lav 400 groups. Conclusion: Lav at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg can promote structural and functional recovery after SCI. The neuroprotective effects of L. angustifolia can lead to improvement in the contusive model of SCI in Wistar rats. PMID:26903793

  19. The Capability of Equisetum ramosissium and Typha angustifolia as Phytoremediation Agents to Reduce Nitrate-Phosphate Pollutants and Prevent Microcystis Blooming in Fresh Water Ecosystem

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    Viky Vidayanti

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this study is to find out the kind of hydromacrophyte composition having the highest capability to reduce nitrate-phosphate pollutant and Microcystis growth in phytoremediation media using Equisetum ramosissium, Typha angustifolia and the combination of both. Microcystis were obtained from Sutami reservoir, then being inoculated in a media grown by hydromacrophytes (E. ramosissium, T. angustifolia and both of the hydromacrophytes in the batch culture system. The number of Microcystis was counted every day within fifteen days. Abiotic factors were observe, including the concentration of nitrate using brucine-colorimetry method and orthophosphate (dissolved phosphate using stannous chloride-colorimetry method on day 0, 6th, 12th and 15th. The growth rate of Microcystis carrying capacity and orthophosphate-nitrate levels among treatments were analysed by ANOVA test. The results showed that E. ramosissium and T. angustifolia in mono and polyculture techniques had similar potentiality to reduce the nitrate and ortophosphate. The concentrations of nitrate and orthophosphate decreased over 70 % in the 6th day after incubation. All of the treatments were able to reduce the carrying capacity of Microcystis up to 46 % , but the growth rates were similar in all media, that is, around 97-170 cells/L/day.

  20. El mezcal en Sonora, México, más que una bebida espirituosa. Etnobotánica de Agave angustifolia Haw

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    Noemí Bañuelos Flores

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available ¿Cómo sería la vida de los sonorenses sin el mezcal? La interrogante guía el propósito general del trabajo, orientado a identificar la importancia que tradicionalmente ha revestido el Agave angustifolia en la vida cotidiana de los sonorenses. En su mayor parte, los estudios existentes en Sonora en torno a esta especie se enfocan, básicamente, en su uso para la elaboración industrial del licor, popularmente conocido como bacanora. La investigación pretende contribuir, en alguna medida, al mayor conocimiento del valor biológico y cultural de la planta. Con ese objetivo se recurre a la etnobotánica para obtener una mirada más completa de las formas en las que los hombres y mujeres se han relacionado con el agave. La región de estudio comprende dos zonas mezcaleras: la sierra orien-te, donde la mayor parte de la población es mestiza, y la zona sur, donde los grupos indígenas Mayo y Guarijío cohabitan con mestizos. Se realizaron entrevistas a profundidad a diversos pobladores, así como a investigadores y otros estudiosos de la planta. Se consultaron las fuentes históricas disponibles. Los resultados muestran la existencia de diferencias regionales en los usos del agave y técnicas de preparación, determinadas por un número de factores estrechamente vinculados con el grupo étnico de los pobladores y su historia.

  1. Rhizobia and other legume nodule bacteria richness in brazilian Araucaria angustifolia forest Riqueza de rizóbios e de outras bactérias de nódulos de leguminosas em floresta de Araucaria angustifolia

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    Daniel Renato Lammel

    2007-08-01

    Full Text Available The Araucaria Forest is a sub-type of the Atlantic Forest, dominated by Araucaria angustifolia, which is considered an endangered species. The understory has a high diversity of plant species, including several legumes. Many leguminous plants nodulate with rhizobia and fix atmospheric nitrogen, contributing to forest sustainability. This work aimed at bacteria isolation and phenotypic characterization from the root nodules of legumes occurring in Araucaria Forests, at Campos do Jordão State Park, Brazil. Nodule bacteria were isolated in YMA growth media and the obtained colonies were classified according to their growth characteristics (growth rate, color, extra cellular polysaccharide production and pH change of the medium. Data were analyzed by cluster and principal components analysis (PCA. From a total of eleven collected legume species, nine presented nodules, and this is the first report on nodulation of five of these legume species. Two hundred and twelve bacterial strains were isolated from the nodules, whose nodule shapes varied widely and there was a great phenotypic richness among isolates. This richness was found among legume species, individuals of the same species, different nodule shapes and even among isolates of the same nodule. These isolates could be classified into several groups, two up to six according to each legume, most of them different from the used growth standards Rhizobium tropici, Bradyrhizobium elkanii and Burkholderia sp. There is some evidence that these distinct groups may be related to the presence of Burkholderia spp. in the nodules of these legumes.A Floresta de Araucária é um sub-tipo da Mata Atlântica, cujo dossel é dominado por Araucaria angustifolia, uma espécie ameaçada de extinção. O sub-bosque dessa floresta tem alta diversidade, incluindo muitas espécies de leguminosas. Estas plantas podem formar nódulos e fixar nitrogênio atmosférico, contribuindo para a sustentabilidade da floresta

  2. Identification and elimination of bacterial contamination during in vitro propagation of Guadua angustifolia Kunth.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nadha, Harleen Kaur; Salwan, Richa; Kasana, Ramesh Chand; Anand, Manju; Sood, Anil

    2012-04-01

    Guadua angustifolia Kunth is a very important bamboo species with significant utility in pharmaceutical, paper, charcoal, and construction industries. Microbial contamination is a major problem encountered during establishment of in vitro cultures of Guadua. This study has been designed to analyze the identity of contaminating bacteria and to develop the strategy to eliminate them during micropropagation of Guadua. We isolated and consequently analyzed partial sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene to identify two contaminating bacteria as (1) Pantoea agglomerans and (2) Pantoea ananatis. In addition, we also- performed antibiotic sensitivity testing on these bacterial isolates. We identified kanamycin and streptomycin sulfate as potentially useful antibiotics in eliminating the contaminating bacteria. We grew shoots on multiplication medium containing BAP (2 mg/l) and adenine sulfate (10 mg/l) supplemented with kanamycin (10 μg/ml) for 10 days and transferred them to fresh medium without antibiotics and found that bacterial growth was inhibited. Moreover, we observed intensive formation of high-quality shoots. Streptomycin sulfate also inhibited bacterial growth but at higher concentration. We also demonstrated that shoots grown in streptomycin sulfate tended to be shorter and had yellow leaves. Thus, we have developed a novel strategy to identify and inhibit intriguing microbial contaminations of (1) Pantoea agglomerans and (2) Pantoea ananatis during establishment of in vitro cultures of Guadua. This would improve in vitro establishment of an important bamboo, Guadua angustifolia Kunth for large scale propagation.

  3. Isolation, selection and characterization of root-associated growth promoting bacteria in Brazil Pine (Araucaria angustifolia).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ribeiro, Carlos Marcelo; Cardoso, Elke Jurandy Bran Nogueira

    2012-01-20

    Araucaria angustifolia, a unique species of this genus that occurs naturally in Brazil, has a high socio-economic and environmental value and is critically endangered of extinction, since it has been submitted to intense predatory exploitation during the last century. Root-associated bacteria from A. angustifolia were isolated, selected and characterized for their biotechnological potential of growth promotion and biocontrol of plant pathogenic fungi. Ninety-seven strains were isolated and subjected to chemical tests. All isolates presented at least one positive feature, characterizing them as potential PGPR. Eighteen isolates produced indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 27 were able to solubilize inorganic phosphate, 21 isolates were presumable diazotrophs, with pellicle formation in nitrogen-free culture medium, 83 were phosphatases producers, 37 were positive for siderophores and 45 endospore-forming isolates were antagonistic to Fusarium oxysporum, a pathogen of conifers. We also observed the presence of bacterial strains with multiple beneficial mechanisms of action. Analyzing the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) and partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene of these isolates, it was possible to characterize the most effective isolates as belonging to Bacillaceae (9 isolates), Enterobacteriaceae (11) and Pseudomonadaceae (1). As far as we know, this is the first study to include the species Ewingella americana as a PGPR. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

  4. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of 3-O-[(6'-O-Palmitoyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl Sitosterol] from Agave angustifolia on Ear Edema in Mice

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    Elizabeth Hernández-Valle

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available In Mexico Agave angustifolia has traditionally been used to treat inflammation. The aim of this study was to measure the anti-inflammatory effect of the extract of A. angustifolia, the isolation and identification of active compounds. From the acetone extract two active fractions were obtained, (AsF13 and AaF16. For the characterization of pharmacological activity, the acute inflammatory model of mouse ear edema induced with TPA was used. The tissue exposed to TPA and treatments were subjected to two analysis, cytokine quantification (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α and histopathological evaluation. The active fraction (AaF16 consisted principally of 3-O-[(6'-O-palmitoyl-β-D-glucopyranpsyl] sitosterol. In AaF13 fraction was identified β-sitosteryl glucoside (2 and stigmasterol (3. The three treatments tested showed a concentration-dependent anti-inflammatory effect (AaAc Emax = 33.10%, EC50 = 0.126 mg/ear; AaF13 Emax = 54.22%, EC50 = 0.0524 mg/ear; AaF16 Emax = 61.01%, EC50 = 0.050 mg/ear. The application of TPA caused a significant increase on level of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα compared with basal condition, which was countered by any of the experimental treatments. Moreover, the experimental treatments induced a significant increase in the levels of IL-4 and IL-10, compared to the level observed when stimulated with TPA. Therefore, the anti-inflammatory effect of Agave angustifolia, is associated with the presence of 3-O-[(6'-O-palmitoyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl] sitosterol.

  5. Formation and distribution of sennosides in cassia angustifolia, as determined by a sensitive and specific radioimmunnoassay

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Atzorn, R.; Weiler, E.W.; Zenk, M.H.

    1981-01-01

    A radioimmunoassay for the quantitation of nanogram-amounts of sennoside B and related compounds in plant extracts is described. The assay makes use of (/sup 3/H)-8-glucosidorheinanthrone of high specific activity (5.2 Ci/mmol) whose synthesis is reported here. From this material, (/sup 3/H)-sennoside A and (/sup 3/H)-sennoside B have also been synthesized. The assay is applied to the analysis of sennoside formation and distribution in Cassia angustifolia VAHL. High levels of sennosides in dried leaves and fruits have been observed whereas the seed alone, as well as stems and roots, contain very little sennoside. In flowers, as much as 4-5% of the dry weight consists of sennoside B and other immunoreactive constituents. Sennosides have been found in cotyledons of three day old seedlings in concentrations comparable to that of the mature leaf. Upon dehydration, leaf levels of sennoside B rise steadily, this rise being inversely correlated with the water loss. The absolute levels of sennoside B formed this way are the same as compared to rapid drying at 60/sup 0/C.

  6. Formation and distribution of sennosides in cassia angustifolia, as determined by a sensitive and specific radioimmunnoassay

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Atzorn, R.; Weiler, E.W.; Zenk, M.H.

    1981-01-01

    A radioimmunoassay for the quantitation of nanogram-amounts of sennoside B and related compounds in plant extracts is described. The assay makes use of [ 3 H]-8-glucosidorheinanthrone of high specific activity (5.2 Ci/mmol) whose synthesis is reported here. From this material, [ 3 H]-sennoside A and [ 3 H]-sennoside B have also been synthesized. The assay is applied to the analysis of sennoside formation and distribution in Cassia angustifolia VAHL. High levels of sennosides in dried leaves and fruits have been observed whereas the seed alone, as well as stems and roots, contain very little sennoside. In flowers, as much as 4-5% of the dry weight consists of sennoside B and other immunoreactive constituents. Sennosides have been found in cotyledons of three day old seedlings in concentrations comparable to that of the mature leaf. Upon dehydration, leaf levels of sennoside B rise steadily, this rise being inversely correlated with the water loss. The absolute levels of sennoside B formed this way are the same as compared to rapid drying at 60 0 C. (orig.)

  7. Comparison of EDTA- and citric acid-enhanced phytoextraction of heavy metals in artificially metal contaminated soil by Typha angustifolia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Muhammad, Dawood; Chen, Fei; Zhao, Jing; Zhang, Guoping; Wu, Feibo

    2009-08-01

    A pot experiment was conducted to study the performance of EDTA and citric acid (CA) addition in improving phytoextraction of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Cr from artificially contaminated soil by T. angustifolia. T. angustifolia showed the remarkable resistance to heavy metal toxicity with no visual toxic symptom including chlorosis and necrosis when exposed to metal stress. EDTA-addition significantly reduced plant height and biomass, compared with the control, and stunted plant growth, while 2.5 and 5 mM CA addition induced significant increases in root dry weight. EDTA, and 5 and 10 mM CA significantly increased shoot Cd, Pb, and Cr concentrations compared with the control, with EDTA being more effective. At final harvest, the highest shoot Cd, Cr, and Pb concentrations were recorded in the treatment of 5 mM EDTA addition, while maximal root Pb concentration was found at the 2.5 mM CA treatment. However, shoot Cd accumulation in the 10 mM CA treatment was 36.9% higher than that in 2.5 mM EDTA, and similar with that in 10 mM EDTA. Shoot Pb accumulation was lower in 10 mM CA than that in EDTA treatments. Further, root Cd, Cu, and Pb accumulation of CA treatments and shoot Cr accumulation in 5 or 10 mM CA treatments were markedly higher than that of control and EDTA treatments. The results also showed that EDTA dramatically increased the dissolution of Cu, Cr, Pb, and Cd in soil, while CA addition had less effect on water-soluble Cu, Cr, and Cd, and no effect on Pb levels. It is suggested that CA can be a good chelator candidate for T. angustifolia used for environmentally safe phytoextraction of Cd and Cr in soils.

  8. Evaluation of Anti-Oxidant Activity of Lavandula angustifolia using DPPH Method

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    Masoud Soheili

    2017-03-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background: Stress oxidative factors are known to causes diseases resulting from metabolic disorders. Therefore, preventing, or at least decreasing the amount of these factors may have a positive impact on prevention or improvement of the metabolic problems. Recently, the herbal medicines are more considered due to more effectiveness. We designed the present study to evaluate anti-oxidant effect of aqueous extract of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia. Materials and Methods: For extract preparation, the dry aerial part of lavender mixed with boiling water for 4 hours and then the container was filtered and condensed in a bain marie. Finally, the extract was powdered by freeze dryer. The anti-oxidant activities of the herbal medicine samples in 5, 10, 20 and 40 ppm concentrations were determined via DPPH method. This method is based on free radical scavenging of 2, 2- dipheny L-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH reflected in the color and absorbance changes in spectrophotometery method in 520 nm. Finally the IC50 was calculated and compared with that of for vitamin C as a standard. Results: All doses of the aqueous extract of the lavender showed dose- dependent potent anti-oxidant activity, So that, their differences were significant compared to control sample. The IC50 of the herbal medicine was 24.66 ppm that was less than the vitamin C of 2.3 ppm. Conclusion: As a potent anti-oxidant, the lavender aqueous extract can be effective in treatment of metabolic diseases.

  9. Dinâmica da Araucaria angustifolia (Bert. O. Ktze. e Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. em duas florestas de araucária no estado do Paraná, Brasil / Dynamic of Araucaria angustifolia (Bert. Ktze. e Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. in two araucária forest located in the state of Paraná, Brazil

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    Geise de Góes Canalez

    2006-04-01

    Full Text Available Neste trabalho, estudaram-se o crescimento volumétrico, a mortalidade e o recrutamento das espécies Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. e Araucaria angustifolia (Bert. O. Ktze em duas florestas de araucária localizadas no Estado do Paraná, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados em 4 parcelas permanentes, no município de São João do Triunfo e 8 nos municípios de General Carneiro e Coronel Domingos Soares, medidas a partir de 1998, todas com 1,00 hectare cada, exceto uma com 0,5 hectare em São João do Triunfo. As espécies foram analisadas por meio de indicadores estruturais e dinâmicos: IVI, abundância, área basal, volume, distribuição diamétrica, distribuição espacial, recrutamento, mortalidade e incrementos. Os resultados demonstraram que em sete anos de dinâmica estrutural a espécie Araucaria angustifolia (Bert. O. Ktze, teve decréscimo acentuado na sua posição de importância na comunidade já a espécie Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil., de maneira geral, manteve seu IVI nas comunidades. Observou-se na comunidade de São João do Triunfo, a espécie Araucaria angustifolia (Bert. O. Ktze, passa por una diminuição de densidade, porque a mortalidade está sendo maior que o recrutamento, entretanto na área de General Carneiro o quadro é inverso, está ocorrendo um aumento na densidade total para a espécie. Já para a Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil., a densidade tem aumentado gradativamente. Assim, evidenciou-se que as duas florestas, com relação às duas espécies analisadas, apresentaram comportamentos diferentes em termos de recrutamento, mortalidade e crescimento volumétrico e a provável causa para isso tenha sido a diferença no histórico de exploração no passado, bem como outros fatores relacionados ao sítio. A área de General Carneiro e Coronel Domingos Soares apresentou maior crescimento para estas duas espécies que a área de São João do Triunfo, com valor incremento volumétrico periódico anual (IPA vol médio de 2

  10. The In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Lavandula angustifolia Essential Oil in Combination with Other Aroma-Therapeutic Oils

    Science.gov (United States)

    de Rapper, Stephanie; Kamatou, Guy; Viljoen, Alvaro

    2013-01-01

    The antimicrobial activity of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil was assessed in combination with 45 other oils to establish possible interactive properties. The composition of the selected essential oils was confirmed using GC-MS with a flame ionization detector. The microdilution minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay was undertaken, whereby the fractional inhibitory concentration (ΣFIC) was calculated for the oil combinations. When lavender oil was assayed in 1 : 1 ratios with other oils, synergistic (26.7%), additive (48.9%), non-interactive (23.7%), and antagonistic (0.7%) interactions were observed. When investigating different ratios of the two oils in combination, the most favourable interactions were when L. angustifolia was combined with Cinnamomum zeylanicum or with Citrus sinensis, against C. albicans and S. aureus, respectively. In 1 : 1 ratios, 75.6% of the essential oils investigated showed either synergistic or additive results, lending in vitro credibility to the use of essential oil blends in aroma-therapeutic practices. Within the field of aromatherapy, essential oils are commonly employed in mixtures for the treatment of infectious diseases; however, very little evidence exists to support the use in combination. This study lends some credence to the concomitant use of essential oils blended with lavender. PMID:23737850

  11. The In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Lavandula angustifolia Essential Oil in Combination with Other Aroma-Therapeutic Oils

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    Stephanie de Rapper

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available The antimicrobial activity of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil was assessed in combination with 45 other oils to establish possible interactive properties. The composition of the selected essential oils was confirmed using GC-MS with a flame ionization detector. The microdilution minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC assay was undertaken, whereby the fractional inhibitory concentration (ΣFIC was calculated for the oil combinations. When lavender oil was assayed in 1 : 1 ratios with other oils, synergistic (26.7%, additive (48.9%, non-interactive (23.7%, and antagonistic (0.7% interactions were observed. When investigating different ratios of the two oils in combination, the most favourable interactions were when L. angustifolia was combined with Cinnamomum zeylanicum or with Citrus sinensis, against C. albicans and S. aureus, respectively. In 1 : 1 ratios, 75.6% of the essential oils investigated showed either synergistic or additive results, lending in vitro credibility to the use of essential oil blends in aroma-therapeutic practices. Within the field of aromatherapy, essential oils are commonly employed in mixtures for the treatment of infectious diseases; however, very little evidence exists to support the use in combination. This study lends some credence to the concomitant use of essential oils blended with lavender.

  12. The role of gene flow in shaping genetic structures of the subtropical conifer species Araucaria angustifolia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Stefenon, V M; Gailing, O; Finkeldey, R

    2008-05-01

    The morphological features of pollen and seed of Araucaria angustifolia have led to the proposal of limited gene dispersal for this species. We used nuclear microsatellite and AFLP markers to assess patterns of genetic variation in six natural populations at the intra- and inter-population level, and related our findings to gene dispersal in this species. Estimates of both fine-scale spatial genetic structure (SGS) and migration rate suggest relatively short-distance gene dispersal. However, gene dispersal differed among populations, and effects of more efficient dispersal within population were observed in at least one stand. In addition, even though some seed dispersal may be aggregated in this principally barochorous species, reasonable secondary seed dispersal, presumably facilitated by animals, and overlap of seed shadows within populations is suggested. Overall, no correlation was observed between levels of SGS and inbreeding, density or age structure, except that a higher level of SGS was revealed for the population with a higher number of juvenile individuals. A low estimate for the number of migrants per generation between two neighbouring populations implies limited gene flow. We expect that stepping-stone pollen flow may have contributed to low genetic differentiation among populations observed in a previous survey. Thus, strategies for maintenance of gene flow among remnant populations should be considered in order to avoid degrading effects of population fragmentation on the evolution of A. angustifolia.

  13. Anti-adipogenic effects of extracts of Ficus deltoidea var. deltoidea and var. angustifolia on 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Woon, Shiau Mei; Seng, Yew Wei; Ling, Anna Pick Kiong; Chye, Soi Moi; Koh, Rhun Yian

    2014-03-01

    This study examined the anti-adipogenic effects of extracts of Ficus deltoidea var. deltoidia and var. angustifolia, a natural slimming aid, on 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Methanol and water extracts of leaves of the F. deltoidea varieties were analyzed to determine their total flavonoid content (TFC) and total phenolic content (TPC), respectively. The study was initiated by determining the maximum non-toxic dose (MNTD) of the methanol and water extracts for 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Possible anti-adipogenic effects were then examined by treating 2-d post confluent 3T3-L1 preadipocytes with either methanol extract or water extract at MNTD and half MNTD (½MNTD), after which the preadipocytces were induced to form mature adipocytes. Visualisation and quantification of lipid content in mature adipocytes were carried out through oil red O staining and measurement of optical density (OD) at 520 nm, respectively. The TFCs of the methanol extracts were 1.36 and 1.97 g quercetin equivalents (QE)/100 g dry weight (DW), while the TPCs of the water extracts were 5.61 and 2.73 g gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g DW for var. deltoidea and var. angustilofia, respectively. The MNTDs determined for methanol and water extracts were (300.0 ± 28.3) and (225.0 ± 21.2) µg/ml, respectively, for var. deltoidea, while much lower MNTDs [(60.0 ± 2.0) µg/ml for methanol extracts and (8.0 ± 1.0) µg/ml for water extracts] were recorded for var. angustifolia. Studies revealed that the methanol extracts of both varieties and the water extracts of var. angustifolia at either MNTD or ½MNTD significantly inhibited the maturation of preadipocytes. The inhibition of the formation of mature adipocytes indicated that leaf extracts of F. deltoidea could have potential anti-obesity effects.

  14. Effect of gamma radiations, ethyl methane sulfonate and sodium azide on the sennoside content in Cassia angustifolia

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Khalatkar, A.S.; Bhargava, Y.R.

    1987-01-01

    Cassia angustifolia commonly known as Tinnevelly Senna is an excellent source of sennosides. The leaflets of this plant constitute the principal raw material. To investigate the effect(s) of mutagenic treatments on phytochemical characteristics, the sand treated dry seeds of Senna were treated with different doses of gamma radiations, ethyl methane sulfonate and sodium azide for 18 hours duration at 24 ± 2°C. The treated population in M1 generation exhibited different degree of stimulation in growth. Other parameters were also affected by all the three mutagenic treatments. Seeds collected from M1 generation were sown and M2 plant progenies were raised. Morphological mutations with desirable characters were further investigated. Biochemical estimation of sennoside from the leaflets in vegetative and blooming phases was carried out. Of the three mutagens, 0.006% sodium azide yielded maximum sennoside in the vegetative phase; while, in the blooming phase, it was highest with 20 kR of gamma radiations. Seeds of these plant types hold promise for enhancing the sennoside yields per gram of tissue

  15. Análisis de los ácidos kaurénicos presentes en Espeletiopsis angustifolia Cuatrec. de los Andes venezolanos

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    Juan Carmona

    2010-05-01

    Full Text Available Analysis of kaurenic acids present in Espeletiopsis angustifolia Cuatrec. from the Venezuelan Andes. Leaves of Espeletiopsis angustifolia were collected at paramo of San José de Acequias (Mérida State at 2870 m.a.s.l. The dried leaves were minced and extracted with hexane-diethyl ether (3:1. This extract was shaken with 0.5 N NaOH to separate the acid fraction which was purified by flash chromatography. An aliquote of it was methylated with diazomethane and analyzed by GC-MS which permitted to identify ent-kaurenic acid (18.6%, ent-15α-O-isovaleroxy-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (16.2%, ent-15α-hidroxy-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (grandiflorolic acid, 9.2%, ent-kauranic acid (4.9%, ent-kaur-9(11,16-diene-19-oic acid (grandiflorenic acid, 4.5% and ent-15α-O-acetoxy-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (3.4%. The neutral fraction yielded ent-kaur-16-en-19-ol (kaurenol, 32.7% and several long-chain wax n-alkanes with predominance of odd carbon number alkanes: heptacosane (38.3%, nonacosane (21.0% and entriacontane (4.6%

  16. Meiotic restitution mechanisms involved in the formation of 2n pollen in Agave tequilana Weber and Agave angustifolia Haw.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gómez-Rodríguez, Víctor Manuel; Rodríguez-Garay, Benjamín; Barba-Gonzalez, Rodrigo

    2012-01-01

    A cytological analysis of the microsporogenesis was carried out in the Agave tequilana and A. angustifolia species. Several abnormalities such as chromosomal bridges, lagging chromosomes, micronuclei, monads, dyads and triads were found. The morphological analysis of the pollen, together with the above-mentioned 2n microspores, allowed us to confirm the presence of 2n pollen as well as its frequency. In both A. tequilana and A. angustifolia two different mechanisms were observed: the first mechanism, a failure in the cytokinesis in meiosis II caused the formation of dyads with two 2n cells and triads containing two n cells and one 2n cell; the second mechanism, involves an abnormal spindle, which caused the formation of triads with two n cells and one 2n cell. Likewise, the presence of monads was detected in both species, these, might be caused by a failure of the cytokinesis in both meiotic divisions. This is the first report about the presence of a Second Division Restitution mechanism (SDR) which causes the formation of 2n pollen in the genus Agave. The genetic implications of the presence of 2n pollen in the genus Agave are discussed.

  17. Post-planting treatments and shading effects in a Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl. silvopastoral system

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    Giorgos Klossas

    2013-05-01

    Full Text Available Silvopastoral systems present difficulties in their management dueto their complexity. When trees are planted into grasslands, they need protection from livestock to prevent damage from trampling or browsing, especially during early years of establishment. One of the common post-planting protective treatments is the protection of individual trees with shelters. Trees also need protection from competition from herbaceous vegetation. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effects of using different types of tree shelters and of controlling competing herbaceous vegetation on the growth of planted young trees and, to assess the effects of heavy shadingon the herbage production and composition. The study was conducted in a Fraxinus angustifolia silvopastoral system of a 2 x 2.5 m spacing plantation in northern Greece. The effects of solid-walled (tubex and handmade by greenhouse nylon and wire mesh tree shelters as well as of herbicide application and mechanical removal of the competing herbaceous vegetation on tree height, height increment and the crown surface area of the trees were tested. The effects of artificial shading (80% on the production of the natural herbaceous vegetation were also investigated. All measurements were recorded three years after plantation. The use of solid wall tubex shelters resultedin higher tree height and higher crown surface area in comparison tothe other tested shelters. The solid wall Nylon shelters were more beneficial to the above growth parameters than the wire mesh ones. Both vegetation control treatments proved beneficial to all the growth parameters of Fraxinus angustifolia. The artificially applied heavy shading reduced herbage production by 54% compared to the control. The results indicated that post planting treatments in the Mediterranean droughty conditions are essential for the success of this tree species establishment. Furthermore, the later thinning of the dense spacing is important to maintain

  18. Post-planting treatments and shading effects in a Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl. silvopastoral system

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    Giorgos Klossas

    2013-07-01

    Full Text Available Silvopastoral systems present difficulties in their management due to their complexity. When trees are planted into grasslands, they need protection from livestock to prevent damage from trampling or browsing, especially during early years of establishment. One of the common post-planting protective treatments is the protection of individual trees with shelters. Trees also need protection from competition from herbaceous vegetation. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effects of using different types of tree shelters and of controlling competing herbaceous vegetation on the growth of planted young trees and, to assess the effects of heavy shading on the herbage production and composition. The study was conducted in a Fraxinus angustifolia silvopastoral system of a 2 x 2.5 m spacing plantation in northern Greece. The effects of solid-walled (tubex and handmade by greenhouse nylon and wire mesh tree shelters as well as of herbicide application and mechanical removal of the competing herbaceous vegetation on tree height, height increment and the crown surface area of the trees were tested. The effects of artificial shading (80% on the production of the natural herbaceous vegetation were also investigated. All measurements were recorded three years after plantation. The use of solid wall tubex shelters resulted in higher tree height and higher crown surface area in comparison to the other tested shelters. The solid wall Nylon shelters were more beneficial to the above growth parameters than the wire mesh ones. Both vegetation control treatments proved beneficial to all the growth parameters of Fraxinus angustifolia. The artificially applied heavy shading reduced herbage production by 54% compared to the control. The results indicated that post planting treatments in the Mediterranean droughty conditions are essential for the success of this tree species establishment. Furthermore, the later thinning of the dense spacing is important to

  19. Three new phenylpropanoids from Lavandula angustifolia and their bioactivities.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tang, Shiyun; Shi, Jianlian; Liu, Chunbo; Jiang, Rui; Zhao, Wei; Liu, Xin; Xiang, Nengjun; Chen, Yongkuan; Shen, Qinpeng; Miao, Mingming; Liu, Zhihua; Yang, Guangyu

    2017-06-01

    Three new phenylpropanoids, 3-(3,4-dimethoxy-5-methylphenyl)-3-oxopropyl acetate (1), 3-hydroxy-1-(3,4-dimethoxy-5-methylphenyl)propan-1-one (2), and 3-hydroxy-1-(4-methylbenzo[d][1,3]dioxol-6-yl) propan-1-one (3), together with three known phenylpropanoids (4-6) were isolated from the whole plant of Lavandula angustifolia. Their structures were determined by means of HRESIMS and extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic studies. Compounds 1-6 were tested for their anti-tobacoo mosaic virus (TMV) activities and cytotoxicity activities. The results revealed that compounds 1-3 showed high anti-TMV activity with inhibition rate of 35.2, 38.4 and 33.9%. These rates are higher than that of positive control. The other compounds also showed potential anti-TMV activities with inhibition rates in the range of 26.8-28.9%, respectively. Compounds 1-6 also showed weak inhibitory activities against some tested human tumour cell lines with IC50 values in the range of 3.8-8.8 μM.

  20. Phytoextraction, phytotransformation and rhizodegradation of ibuprofen associated with Typha angustifolia in a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Yifei; Zhang, Jiefeng; Zhu, Guibing; Liu, Yu; Wu, Bing; Ng, Wun Jern; Appan, Adhityan; Tan, Soon Keat

    2016-10-01

    Widespread occurrence of trace pharmaceutical residues in aquatic environments is of great concerns due to the potential chronic toxicity of certain pharmaceuticals including ibuprofen on aquatic organisms even at environmental levels. In this study, the phytoextraction, phytotransformation and rhizodegradation of ibuprofen associated with Typha angustifolia were investigated in a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland system. The experimental wetland system consisted of a planted bed with Typha angustifolia and an unplanted bed (control) to treat ibuprofen-loaded wastewater (∼107.2 μg L(-1)). Over a period of 342 days, ibuprofen was accumulated in leaf sheath and lamina tissues at a mean concentration of 160.7 ng g(-1), indicating the occurrence of the phytoextraction of ibuprofen. Root-uptake ibuprofen was partially transformed to ibuprofen carboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy ibuprofen and 1-hydroxy ibuprofen which were found to be 1374.9, 235.6 and 301.5 ng g(-1) in the sheath, respectively, while they were 1051.1, 693.6 and 178.7 ng g(-1) in the lamina. The findings from pyrosequencing analysis of the rhizosphere bacteria suggest that the Dechloromonas sp., the Clostridium sp. (e.g. Clostridium saccharobutylicum), the order Sphingobacteriales, and the Cytophaga sp. in the order Cytophagales were most probably responsible for the rhizodegradation of ibuprofen. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  1. Somatic Embryogenesis in Parana Pine (Araucaria angustifolia (Bert. O. Kuntze

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    Santos André Luis Wendt dos

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available Embryogenic cultures of Araucaria angustifolia were induced from dominant and non-dominant zygotic embryos excised from immature seeds proceeding from three different genotypes and five harvest dates. Zygotic embryos were inoculated in inductive culture medium LP and BM supplemented with or without plant growth regulators 2,4-D (5 µM, BA (2 µM and Kin (2 µM. The genotype of the mother tree and the developmental explant stage affected the induction frequency. In the maintenance phase, embryogenic cultures were maintained at continuous repetitive cell cycles every 20 days in semi-solid or liquid medium. In the maturation phase the culture medium was supplemented with different types and levels of growth regulators, osmotic agents, carbohydrates and derived. Embryogenic cultures inoculated in culture medium supplemented with PEG 3350 (6 and 9%, maltose (6 and 9%, plus BA and Kin (1 µM each resulted in the progression of somatic embryos to globular and torpedo developmental stages.

  2. Essential oil composition of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. cultivated in the mid hills of Uttarakhand, India

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    RAM S. VERMA

    2010-03-01

    Full Text Available The essential oil content in the inflorescence of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill. cultivated in the mid hills of Uttarakhand was found to be 2.8 % based on the fresh weight. The oil was analysed by capillary GC and GC–MS. Thirty seven constituents, representing 97.81 % of the oil were identified. The major components of the oil were linalyl acetate (47.56 %, linalool (28.06 %, lavandulyl acetate (4.34 % and α-terpineol (3.75 %. The quality of lavender oil produced in India was found to be comparable to that produced in Hungary, France, China, Bulgaria, Russia and the USA.

  3. Lavandula angustifolia extract improves deteriorated synaptic plasticity in an animal model of Alzheimer’s disease

    Science.gov (United States)

    Soheili, Masoud; Tavirani, Mostafa Rezaei; Salami, Mahmoud

    2015-01-01

    Objective(s): Neurodegenerative Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with profound deficits in synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity. Long-term potentiation (LTP), an experimental form of synaptic plasticity, is intensively examined in hippocampus. In this study we evaluated the effect of aqueous extract of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) on induction of LTP in the CA1 area of hippocampus. In response to stimulation of the Schaffer collaterals the baseline or tetanized field extracellular postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) were recorded in the CA1 area. Materials and Methods: The electrophysiological recordings were carried out in four groups of rats; two control groups including the vehicle (CON) and lavender (CE) treated rats and two Alzheimeric groups including the vehicle (ALZ) and lavender (AE) treated animals. Results: The extract inefficiently affected the baseline responses in the four testing groups. While the fEPSPs displayed a considerable LTP in the CON animals, no potentiation was evident in the tetanized responses in the ALZ rats. The herbal medicine effectively restored LTP in the AE group and further potentiated fEPSPs in the CE group. Conclusion: The positive effect of the lavender extract on the plasticity of synaptic transmission supports its previously reported behavioral effects on improvement of impaired spatial memory in the Alzheimeric animals. PMID:26949505

  4. Lavandula angustifolia extract improves deteriorated synaptic plasticity in an animal model of Alzheimer’s disease

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    Masoud Soheili

    2015-11-01

    Full Text Available Objective(s:Neurodegenerative Alzheimer’s disease (AD is associated with profound deficits in synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity. Long-term potentiation (LTP, an experimental form of synaptic plasticity, is intensively examined in hippocampus. In this study we evaluated the effect of aqueous extract of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia on induction of LTP in the CA1 area of hippocampus. In response to stimulation of the Schaffer collaterals the baseline or tetanized field extracellular postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs were recorded in the CA1 area. Materials and Methods: The electrophysiological recordings were carried out in four groups of rats; two control groups including the vehicle (CON and lavender (CE treated rats and two Alzheimeric groups including the vehicle (ALZ and lavender (AE treated animals. Results: The extract inefficiently affected the baseline responses in the four testing groups. While the fEPSPs displayed a considerable LTP in the CON animals, no potentiation was evident in the tetanized responses in the ALZ rats. The herbal medicine effectively restored LTP in the AE group and further potentiated fEPSPs in the CE group. Conclusion:The positive effect of the lavender extract on the plasticity of synaptic transmission supports its previously reported behavioral effects on improvement of impaired spatial memory in the Alzheimeric animals.

  5. Contact dermatitis as an adverse reaction to some topically used European herbal medicinal products - part 2: Echinacea purpurea-Lavandula angustifolia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gangemi, Sebastiano; Minciullo, Paola L; Miroddi, Marco; Chinou, Ioanna; Calapai, Gioacchino; Schmidt, Richard J

    2015-04-01

    This review focuses on contact dermatitis as an adverse effect of a selection of topically used herbal medicinal products for which the European Medicines Agency has completed an evaluation up to the end of November 2013 and for which a Community herbal monograph has been produced. Part 2: Echinacea purpurea Moench-Lavandula angustifolia Mill. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  6. A New Abietene Diterpene and Other Constituents from Kaempferia angustifolia Rosc.

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    Abdul Manaf Ali

    2011-04-01

    Full Text Available A new abietene diterpene, kaempfolienol (5S,6S,7S,9S,10S,11R,13S-abiet-8(14-enepenta-6,7,9,11,13-ol, 1, was isolated from a rhizome extract of Kaempferia angustifolia Rosc. along with the known compounds crotepoxide, boesenboxide, zeylenol, 2′-hydroxy-4,4′,6′-trimethoxychalcone, (24S-24-methyl-5α-lanosta-9(11,25-dien-3β-ol, β-sitosterol and β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside. The structures of all compounds were elucidated on the basis of mass spectroscopic and NMR data. Zeylenol (2, the major constituent of the plant, was derivatized into diacetate, triacetate and epoxide derivatives through standard organic reactions. The cytotoxic activity of compounds 1, 2 and the zeylenol derivatives was evaluated against the HL-60, MCF-7, HT-29 and HeLa cell lines.

  7. Efeito de variáveis climáticas no crescimento mensal de Pinus taeda e Araucaria angustifolia em fase juvenil

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    Sebastião do Amaral Machado

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi construir curvas de produção e de incremento corrente mensal (ICM, e analisar o efeito de variáveis climáticas no crescimento mensal em diâmetro e altura de Pinus taeda L. e Araucaria angustifolia (Bert. O. Kuntze, no período de três anos, em fase juvenil. Para tanto, foram selecionadas 30 árvores de cada espécie, sendo, mensalmente, entre junho de 2006 e julho de 2009, medidas as variáveis diâmetro e altura. As variáveis climáticas são provenientes de duas estações meteorológicas do SIMEPAR, próximas aos plantios monitorados. Para a análise do crescimento, foram desenvolvidas curvas de incremento e produção mensais, bem como análise da matriz de correlação dos dados e regressão pelo processo stepwise. Na análise do crescimento, observaram-se maiores ICMs entre outubro e fevereiro. As matrizes de correlação indicaram forte relação do ICM com temperatura, pressão atmosférica e fotoperíodo. Os modelos ajustados por stepwise, incluindo variáveis climáticas, apresentaram boas estatísticas de ajuste.

  8. Optimization of the bamboo guadua angustifolia kunth in the elaboration of glued laminated elements for constructive use

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Díaz, G A; Cruz, R A; Chávez, A M

    2013-01-01

    Bamboo is considered one of the best timber resources in the world because for its mechanical properties and high sustainability; this research aims to improve the mechanical properties of the laminated glued bamboo Guadua Angustifolia Kunth (GAK) for use as structural elements, starting from de very manufacture process; this is important because it is possible to observe variations in the flexural strength and the elastic modulus in GAK samples taken from different heights and thickness of the culm. In order to analyze the influence of these final mechanical properties variations in the laminated, the height of the culm where samples are extracted (cepa, basa and sobrebasa) it is taken as a variable from where different types of laminated were manufactured, seeking to make optimal the configuration based in the transversal section area and the material strength. Three assemblies were designed varying the overlap of the adhesion lines and it concluded that the highest strength average values were obtained in the laminated composites manufactured with samples taken from the bottom of the culm (basa), which is possible because in these elements there are less adhesion lines than the other ones (middle, top and mixed) or the better matching of themselves

  9. Redox imbalance mediates entomotoxic effects of the conifer Araucaria angustifolia in Anticarsia gemmatalis velvetbean caterpillar

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cátia dos Santos Branco

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available The velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis is one of the most important pests of soybean crops in tropical America. By feeding on leaves, significant defoliation occurs resulting in reduced photosynthetic capacity required for plants’ maintenance and growth, which subsequently can lead to crop losses and reduced agricultural productivity. Many studies have sought to look for compounds that have insecticidal effects. One class of compounds is phenolics, which are produced by plants and have been found to influence the behavior and development of defoliators, representing an important alternative approach to many synthetic insecticides. Particularly, Araucaria angustifolia is a plant rich in polyphenols, which are compounds able to alter cellular dynamics through modulating redox status. In this study, A. angustifolia extract (AAE was added to the artificial diet of A. gemmatalis. The results demonstrated that AAE was able to reduce larval viability by inducing morphological changes and a delay in the insect’s development. In addition, AAE was found to induce oxidative damage to lipids and proteins, as well as increased nitric oxide levels in A. gemmatalis larvae. AAE treatments also decreased the antioxidant defense systems, leading to a redox imbalance. The reduction in viability in A. gemmatalis was positively correlated with oxidative markers, suggesting that redox imbalance can lead to larvae’s death. These results suggest that AAE possess insecticidal potential through the mechanisms of action of altering cellular redox state. Though further studies are required to confirm this, our study nevertheless contributes to a better understanding of AAE’s mechanisms of action as potential biopesticides in pest management, opening new perspectives on the development of compounds with insecticidal action.

  10. Bornyl-diphosphate synthase from Lavandula angustifolia: A major monoterpene synthase involved in essential oil quality.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Despinasse, Yolande; Fiorucci, Sébastien; Antonczak, Serge; Moja, Sandrine; Bony, Aurélie; Nicolè, Florence; Baudino, Sylvie; Magnard, Jean-Louis; Jullien, Frédéric

    2017-05-01

    Lavender essential oils (EOs) of higher quality are produced by a few Lavandula angustifolia cultivars and mainly used in the perfume industry. Undesirable compounds such as camphor and borneol are also synthesized by lavender leading to a depreciated EO. Here, we report the cloning of bornyl diphosphate synthase of lavender (LaBPPS), an enzyme that catalyzes the production of bornyl diphosphate (BPP) and then by-products such as borneol or camphor, from an EST library. Compared to the BPPS of Salvia officinalis, the functional characterization of LaBPPS showed several differences in amino acid sequence, and the distribution of catalyzed products. Molecular modeling of the enzyme's active site suggests that the carbocation intermediates are more stable in LaBPPS than in SoBPPS leading probably to a lower efficiency of LaBPPS to convert GPP into BPP. Quantitative RT-PCR performed from leaves and flowers at different development stages of L. angustifolia samples show a clear correlation between transcript level of LaBPPS and accumulation of borneol/camphor, suggesting that LaBPPS is mainly responsible of in vivo biosynthesis of borneol/camphor in fine lavender. A phylogenetic analysis of terpene synthases (TPS) pointed out the basal position of LaBPPS in the TPSb clade, suggesting that LaBPPS could be an ancestor of others lavender TPSb. Finally, borneol could be one of the first monoterpenes to be synthesized in the Lavandula subgenus. Knowledge gained from these experiments will facilitate future studies to improve the lavender oils through metabolic engineering or plant breeding. Accession numbers: LaBPPS: KM015221. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

  11. Hydrolates from lavender (Lavandula angustifolia)--their chemical composition as well as aromatic, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Prusinowska, Renata; Śmigielski, Krzysztof; Stobiecka, Agnieszka; Kunicka-Styczyńska, Alina

    2016-01-01

    It was shown that the method for obtaining hydrolates from lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) influences the content of active compounds and the aromatic, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the hydrolates. The content of volatile organic compounds ranged from 9.12 to 97.23 mg/100 mL of hydrolate. Lavender hydrolate variants showed low antimicrobial activity (from 0% to 0.05%). The radical scavenging activity of DPPH was from 3.6 ± 0.5% to 3.8 ± 0.6% and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC(FL)) results were from 0 to 266 μM Trolox equivalent, depending on the hydrolate variant.

  12. Quantitative analyses of the main chemical constituents in the roots of Echinacea purpurea and E. angustifolia produced in Costa Rica

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Loaiza, Jorge; Valverde, Roberto; Rodriguez, Gerardo; Molina, Jorge

    2004-01-01

    Free phenylpropanoids (chlorogenic and cichoric acids), and glycosidic (echinecoside), as well as the alkamides, present in root extracts of the medicinal plants Echinacea purpurea and E. angustifolia produced in 3 different locations of Costa Rica (Los Santos at 1650 masl, Santa Barbara de Heredia at 1250 masl and Ojo de Agua at 850 masl) were quantified. Results showed a decrease on secondary metabolites associated to an altitude reduction of the growing zone. Concentration of free phenylpropanoids and the echinecoside (synthesized exclusively for E. angustifolia) produced in Costa Rica was 100 and 34% higher than the concentration reported for a standard sample from U.S.A. Alkamides concentration ranged from 0.89-2.31%, as compared to 0.004-0.36% reported from U.S.A. The alkamides produced in Costa Rica were similar in the 3 growing zones. In addition, 2 of them showed different isomerism than the ones reported in samples from U.S.A. These results indicate that in tropical conditions not only is it possible to produce Echinacea, but also that the amount of metabolites is higher than those produced in the Echinacea's origin areas. The presence of compounds with different isomerism could provide an alternative use for those metabolites. (author) [es

  13. Co-processed extracts of Cassia angustifolia Vahl, Fabaceae, and Maytenus ilicifolia (Schrad. Planch., Celastraceae, for production of high load tablets

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    Verônica M. L. Alves

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of a co-processing technique for improving the manufacturing properties of Maytenus ilicifolia (Schrad. Planch., Celastraceae, and Cassia angustifolia Vahl, Fabaceae, extracts in order to obtain tablets containing a high dose of such extracts. An experimental mixture design was used to optimise the formulation composition. Flowability parameters, such as compressibility index, time flow and angle of repose, were determined. Additional important industrial parameters, such as granulometry, bulk density and moisture stability, were also studied. The results demonstrated that co-processing technique was able to improve the flowability of vegetal extracts, making these materials suitable for a direct compression process. The contour plots revealed that formulations with a higher amount of lactose produced the best flow results as well as a larger particle size and a greater bulk density. Tablets from co-processed extracts containing lactose as majority diluent showed appropriate physical-chemical characteristics and presented a more stable moisture sorption behaviour compared to commercial gelatine capsules.

  14. LAVENDER (LAVANDULA ANGUSTIFOLIA) AROMATHERAPY AS AN ALTERNATIVE TREATMENT IN REDUCING PAIN IN PRIMIPAROUS MOTHERS IN THE ACTIVE FIRST STAGE OF LABOR

    OpenAIRE

    Hilda Yani Karo Karo; Noor Pramono; Sri Wahyuni; Imam Djamaluddin Mashoedi; Leny Latifah

    2017-01-01

    Background: Labor and childbirth is an extremely painful process. Aromatherapy is considered as one of the nonpharmacological methods to reduce labor pain. Objective: To determine the effect of Lavender (Lavandula Angustifolia) aromatherapy on the level of pain in primipara in the first stage of labor. Methods: A quasy-experimental research with pretest and posttest design with control group conducted between October until November 2016. Forthy respondents selected using consecutive sa...

  15. Lab-scale co-firing of virgin and torrefied bamboo species Guadua angustifolia Kunth as a fuel substitute in coal fired power plants

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fryda, Lydia; Daza, Claudia; Pels, Jan; Janssen, Arno; Zwart, Robin

    2014-01-01

    Bamboo is a potential sustainable biomass source for renewable heat and power production as it presents common fuel characteristics with other biomass feedstocks regarding heating value and chemical composition. This paper presents an evaluation of the combustion behaviour of the bamboo species Guadua angustifolia Kunth, virgin as well as torrefied, in blends with coal or pure, comparing with other biomass feedstocks such as wood and herbaceous biomass. The bamboo pre-treatment and the combustion experiments were carried out at dedicated installations at ECN, including a laboratory scale batch torrefaction reactor and a combustion simulation test facility. The results on combustion and co-firing reveal that in terms of fouling, the untreated bamboo shows behaviour closer to herbaceous biomass rather than to wood, with specific fouling factors of wood, bamboo and herbaceous biomass of 0.91·10 −3 , 2.9·10 −3 , 3.1·10 −3  K·m 2 ·W −1 ·g −1 respectively. Dry torrefaction improves its physical properties by increasing the density and grindability without improving significantly its fouling behaviour while the fouling behaviour of wet torrefied bamboo is similar to woody biomass; the specific fouling factors of dry torrefied and wet torrefied bamboo are 2.4·10 −3 and 0.89·10 −3  K·m 2 ·W −1 ·g −1 respectively. The fouling behaviour of biomass and coal blends lies between the fuels of the blend. Alternative bamboo species were evaluated using the alkali index A i based on their fuel composition. It appears that the fouling behaviour of alternative species is better than for G. angustifolia, therefore these should be further analysed. - Highlights: • Bamboo species Guadua angustifolia is a promising feedstock for power generation. • Dry and wet torrefaction of selected samples were carried out at ECN. • Virgin (untreated) and pretreated samples were fired pure or in coal blends. • Pretreated bamboo is suitable for large scale power

  16. LA CTE "OTTO PARELLADA" (TALLAPIEDRA COMO BASE MATERIAL DE ESTUDIO

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    Alberto E Calvo González

    2011-03-01

    Full Text Available Se presenta el análisis de las posibilidades que tiene la CTE" Otto Parellada" como elemento fundamental en la formación de ingenieros electricistas, así como para otras especialidades.Se expone el modo en que actualmente se le aprovecha para la carrera de Ingeniería Eléctrica en ladisciplina de Centrales Termoeléctricas, así como para la carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica en la asignatura homónimadel 1er. año. Se exponen otras posibilidades de la planta que podrían ser explotadas aún por otras carreras comoArquitectura, al tener características que la avalan como Patrimonio Industrial.  In this paper is presented the analysis of the possibilities like fundamental element that Otto Parellada SteamPower Plant has for the electrical, as well as other specialties engineers' syllabus. The way that at present time isused for the electrical engineers education, in the thermal engineering subjects is exposed, as well as for themechanical engineering in the 1st year. Other possibilities of the plant that could still be exploited by otherscareers like architecture, due to the characteristic that endorse it as Industrial Patrimony are also exposed.

  17. Physiological differences and changes in global DNA methylation levels in Agave angustifolia Haw. albino variant somaclones during the micropropagation process.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Duarte-Aké, Fátima; Castillo-Castro, Eduardo; Pool, Felipe Barredo; Espadas, Francisco; Santamaría, Jorge M; Robert, Manuel L; De-la-Peña, Clelia

    2016-12-01

    Global DNA methylation changes caused by in vitro conditions are associated with the subculturing and phenotypic variation in Agave angustifolia Haw. While the relationship between the development of albinism and in vitro culture is well documented, the role of epigenetic processes in this development leaves some important questions unanswered. During the micropropagation of Agave angustifolia Haw., we found three different phenotypes, green (G), variegated (V) and albino (A). To understand the physiological and epigenetic differences among the somaclones, we analyzed several morphophysiological parameters and changes in the DNA methylation patterns in the three phenotypes during their in vitro development. We found that under in vitro conditions, the V plantlets maintained their CAM photosynthetic capacity, while the A variant showed no pigments and lost its CAM photosynthetic ability. Epigenetic analysis revealed that global DNA methylation increased in the G phenotype during the first two subcultures. However, after that time, DNA methylation levels declined. This hypomethylation correlated with the appearance of V shoots in the G plantlets. A similar correlation occurred in the V phenotype, where an increase of 2 % in the global DNA methylation levels was correlated with the generation of A shoots in the V plantlets. This suggests that an "epigenetic stress memory" during in vitro conditions causes a chromatin shift that favors the generation of variegated and albino shoots.

  18. ADECUACIÓN DEL LENGUAJE EN EL MATERIAL DIDÁCTICO ESCRITO: EL PROCESO DE PRODUCCIÓN COMO PROCESO PEDAGÓGICO (ADAPTATION OF LANGUAGE IN WRITTEN TEACHING MATERIALS: PRODUCTION PROCESS AS EDUCATIONAL PROCESS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gómez Figueroa Patricia

    2011-08-01

    Full Text Available Resumen:El presente ensayo surge como respuesta a una serie de reflexiones sobre el quehacer de los editores académicos que laboran en el programa de Producción de Material Didáctico Escrito (Promade de la Dirección de Producción de Materiales de Didácticos de la Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED. Se pretende un acercamiento al material escrito a través del lenguaje y los diferentes elementos que confluyen en su producción, como la situación comunicativa y la mediación pedagógica. Finalmente, se concluye con una serie de recomendaciones acerca de la relevancia de la adecuación del lenguaje como parte del proceso pedagógico en la producción del material didáctico.Abstract: This essay reflects on the work of the production editor of the program “Producción de Materiales Didácticos (Promade de la Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED”. We present, therefore, some aspects related to the production area: written materials, mainly printed and main elements, like style, that come together in its development; and other like the communicative situation and pedagogical mediation. We conclude with a series of recommendations about the relevance of an adequate language an style as part of the educational process in the production of materials.

  19. Efecto nodriza intra-específico de Kageneckia angustifolia D. Don (Rosaceae sobre la germinación de semillas y sobrevivencia de plántulas en el bosque esclerófilo montano de Chile central Intra-specific nurse effect of Kageneckia angustifolia D. Don (Rosaceae and its effect on seed germination and seedling survival in the montane sclerophyllous forest of central Chile

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    ALEJANDRO PEÑALOZA

    2001-09-01

    Full Text Available El bosque esclerófilo montano de Chile central (32-33° S, 1.500-2.100 m de altitud está dominado por poblaciones de Kageneckia angustifolia (Rosaceae, especie semidecidua de verano que forma un dosel muy abierto. Esto sugiere que, a diferencia de lo que ocurre en el matorral esclerófilo de menor altitud donde el cerrado dosel de árboles y arbustos generan condiciones microclimáticas diferentes a los espacios abiertos, en el bosque montano no existiría una marcada diferencia microclimática entre bajo el dosel y los espacios abiertos. Por otro lado, en el bosque montano, las precipitaciones ocurren principalmente en forma de nieve, la que se acumula preferentemente en los espacios entre los árboles, pudiendo facilitar el reclutamiento de nuevos individuos en este microhábitat, fenómeno que se conoce como efecto nodriza. Se estudió el probable efecto nodriza a nivel intra-específico de K. angustifolia comparando el microclima de los ambientes bajo dosel y los espacios abiertos, y el efecto de la acumulación de nieve en la germinación de semillas y sobrevivencia de plántulas de en un bosque esclerófilo montano ubicado en el Santuario de la Naturaleza Yerba Loca, 50 km al este de Santiago (33° S, 1.600 m de altitud. De acuerdo a las variables microclimáticas estudiadas (PAR, humedad del aire y suelo, y temperatura del aire y suelo, en el bosque montano no existen diferencias microclimáticas entre los espacios abiertos y bajo el dosel. Sólo la acumulación de nieve fue significativamente mayor en los espacios abiertos. La germinación fue menor y más tardía en los espacios abiertos, lo que estaría relacionado con la mayor acumulación de nieve. Las plántulas originadas más tempranamente tienen más tiempo para desarrollarse y pasar en forma exitosa la sequía estival en comparación con las plántulas que emergen más tardíamente. Esto explicaría la menor sobrevivencia de las plántulas en los espacios abiertosThe montane

  20. Inhaled Lavandula angustifolia essential oil inhibits consolidation of contextual- but not tone-fear conditioning in rats.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Coelho, Laura Segismundo; Correa-Netto, Nelson Francisco; Masukawa, Marcia Yuriko; Lima, Ariadiny Caetano; Maluf, Samia; Linardi, Alessandra; Santos-Junior, Jair Guilherme

    2018-04-06

    Although the current treatment for anxiety is effective, it promotes a number of adverse reactions and medical interactions. Inhaled essential oils have a prominent action on the central nervous system, with minimal systemic effects, primarily because of reduced systemic bioavailability. The effects of drugs on the consolidation of fear conditioning reflects its clinical efficacy in preventing a vicious cycle of anticipatory anxiety leading to fearful cognition and anxiety symptoms. In this study, we investigated the effects of inhaled Lavandula angustifolia essential oil on the consolidation of aversive memories and its influence on c-Fos expression. Adult male Wistar rats were subjected to a fear conditioning protocol. Immediately after the training session, the rats were exposed to vaporized water or essential oil (1%, 2.5% and 5% solutions) for 4h. The next day, the rats underwent contextual- or tone-fear tests and 90min after the test they were euthanized and their brains processed for c-Fos immunohistochemistry. In the contextual-fear test, essential oil at 2.5% and 5% (but not 1%) reduced the freezing response and its respective c-Fos expression in the ventral hippocampus and amygdala. In the tone-fear test, essential oil did not reduce the freezing response during tone presentation. However, rats that inhaled essential oil at 2.5% and 5% (but not 1%) showed decreased freezing in the three minutes after tone presentation, as well as reduced c-Fos expression in the prefrontal cortex and amygdala. These results show that the inhalation of L. angustifolia essential oil inhibited the consolidation of contextual- but not tone-fear conditioning and had an anxiolytic effect in a conditioned animal model of anxiety. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  1. An improved method for the analysis of sennosides in Cassia angustifolia by high-performance liquid chromatography.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bala, S; Uniyal, G C; Dubey, T; Singh, S P

    2001-01-01

    A reversed-phase column liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of sennosides A and B present in leaf and pod extracts of Cassia angustifolia has been developed using a Symmetry C18 column and a linear binary gradient profile. The method can be utilised for the quantitative determination of other sennosides as a baseline resolution for most of the constituents was achieved. The method is economical in terms of the time taken and the amount of solvent used (25 mL) for each analysis. The validity of the method with respect to analysis was confirmed by comparing the UV spectra of each peak with those of reference compounds using a photodiode array detector.

  2. Uso del bambú como material de construcción en estructuras no convencionales en la ciudad de Huancayo

    OpenAIRE

    Vladimir Montoya Torres

    2015-01-01

    El objetivo logrado ha sido la experimentación del uso del bambú como material de construcción en estructuras que generen espacios no convencionales. Esta investigación fue de nivel descriptivo, diseño transversal; se aplicaron mediciones de porcentaje de humedad en el bambú con el propósito de medir su resistencia en climas de aire seco. Se escogió la ciudad de Chanchamayo como fuente de materia prima, y para el proceso constructivo se eligió la ciudad de Huancayo, ambas provincias del depar...

  3. La piedra como material de construcción: durabilidad, deterioro y conservación

    OpenAIRE

    Esbert, Rosa M.ª; Montoto, Modesto; Ordaz, Jorge

    1991-01-01

    Se compendian los distintos aspectos relacionados con el deterioro y la conservación de la piedra utilizada como material de edificación. Se revisan las características petrográficas y propiedades físicas que controlan la durabilidad de los materiales pétreos, resaltando la importancia de los espacios vacíos y de aquellas propiedades más directamente relacionadas con la captación y transferencia de humedad por el interior de la piedra. En cuanto a los procesos de deterioro se destaca ...

  4. Efficacy of Elaeagnus angustifolia Topical Gel in the Treatment of Symptomatic Oral Lichen Planus

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    Jamileh Beigom Taheri

    2010-03-01

    Full Text Available Background and aims. The purpose of this study was to determine efficacy of 19% Elaeagnus angustifolia (EA topical gel in the treatment of symptomatic oral lichen planus. Materials and methods. Patients with symptomatic oral lichen planus referring to the Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences were asked to participate in the study. Twenty-eight patients who were histopathologically diagnosed with lichen planus were divided into two groups (15 in the case and 13 in the control groups. The subjects were randomly assigned to either topical gel of EA or placebo in a double-blind manner. They were then instructed to apply the medication on dried lesions three times daily. Pain and size of the lesions were evaluated after 2 weeks. Data were analyzed by SPSS 12.0 software, using t-test, paired t-test, Fisher’s exact test and chi-square test. Results. Twenty-eight patients (m/f: 7/21 with symptomatic oral lichen planus participated in the study. Fifteen patients (m/f: 4/11 received E A gel and 13 patients (m/f: 3/10 received placebo. There was a 75% decrease in pain (33.3% in the case and 7.7% in the control groups, and a decrease of 50% in size (33.3% in the case group and 75% only in 7.6% of the case group. Conclusion. The results suggest that 19% EA gel is efficient in the treatment of symptomatic oral lichen planus, with antiinflammatory and analgesic effects, as well.

  5. EVALUACIÓN DE LAS PROPIEDADES MECÁNICAS DE LA ESTRUCTURA INTERNA DE LA GUADUA CON UN MODELO MATEMATICO

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    JAIRO ALEXANDER OSORIO SARAZ

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Se caracterizo la estructura interna del Bambú-Guadua angustifolia kunth (GAK, en su zona media, encontrando la composición interna de este material compuesto, como son el porcentaje de la matriz (parénquima y de fibras (células de fibras y tejido conductivo. Se determinó las propiedades mecánicas como la resistencia a tensión y a flexión en sentido tangencial, y la Relación de Poisson del material y la resistencia de la fibra. Se valido un modelo matemático para materiales compuestos propuesto por Chandrupatla & Belegundu (1999, y se encontraron algunas ecuaciones que permiten predecir la resistencia del material en función de la resistencia de la fibra, y también para realizar modelos computacionales útiles para la industria de laminados de pisos en Bambuguadua. Los resultados experimentales no difirieron significativamente de los resultados obtenidos con los modelos matemáticos.

  6. Micropropagation and validation of genetic and biochemical fidelity amongst regenerants of Cassia angustifolia Vahl employing RAPD marker and HPLC.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chetri, Siva K; Sardar, Pratima Rani; Agrawal, Veena

    2014-10-01

    In vitro protocol has been established for clonal propagation of Cassia angustifolia Vahl which is an important source of anticancerous bioactive compounds, sennoside A and B. Nodal explants excised from field raised elite plant (showing optimum level of sennoside A and B) of C. angustifolia when reared on Murashige and Skoog's medium augmented with different cytokinins, viz. N(6)-benzyladenine (BA), N(6)-(2-isopentenyl) adenine (2iP) and 6-furfuryl aminopurine (Kn) differentiated multiple shoots in their axils. Of the three cytokinins, BA at 5 μM proved optimum for differentiating multiple shoots in 95 % cultures with an average of 9.14 shoots per explant within 8 weeks of culture. Nearly, 95 % of the excised in vitro shoots rooted on half strength MS medium supplemented with 10 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The phenotypically similar micropropagated plants were evaluated for their genetic fidelity employing random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Eleven individuals, randomly chosen amongst a population of 120 regenerants were compared with the donor plant. A total of 36 scorable bands, ranging in size from 100 to 1,000 bp were generated amongst them by the RAPD primers. All banding profiles from micropropagated plants were monomorphic and similar to those of mother plant proving their true to the type nature. Besides, high performance liquid chromatography evaluation of the sennoside A and B content amongst leaves of the mature regenerants and the elite mother plant too revealed consistency in their content.

  7. The antimicrobial activity of lavender essential oil (Lavandula angustifolia) and its influence on the production performance of broiler chickens.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Adaszyńska-Skwirzyńska, M; Szczerbińska, D

    2018-04-14

    The aim of the study was the evaluation of the antimicrobial activity (in vitro) of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) essential oil (LEO) and the effect of its addition to the drinking water of broiler chickens on their production performance. Antimicrobial activity was determined by establishing the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using a series of microdilutions. Bird experiments were carried out on a commercial farm on 300 Ross 308 broilers. One-day-old chicks were randomly assigned to three experimental groups of 100 individuals (five replications of 20 individuals each). In the control group, chickens received drinking water without added essential oil throughout the rearing period. In the LEO 0.2 and LEO 0.4 groups, from 1 to 42 days of bird life, the LEO 0.2 group had 0.2 ml/L of essential lavender oil added to the drinking water, while LEO 0.4 had 0.4 ml/L added. The results of the experiment showed the antimicrobial activity of LEO and its positive effect on the production results of broiler chickens. Application of higher concentration of essential oil (0.4 ml/L) significantly affected production results (BW, FCR, WCR-p  .05). In vitro studies indicate a significant effect of LEO on the inhibition of microbial growth. These results encourage further studies on a larger scale that will confirm antimicrobial efficiency and define the mechanisms of action of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil and its individual components. © 2018 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

  8. Seasonal variations in the composition of the essential oils of Lavandula angustifolia (Lamiacae).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lakusić, Branislava; Lakusić, Dmitar; Ristić, Mihailo; Marcetić, Mirjana; Slavkovska, Violeta

    2014-06-01

    Seasonal variations in the composition of the essential oils obtained from the same individual (of the same genotype) of Lavandula angustifolia cultivated in Belgrade were determined by GC and GC/MS. The main constituents were 1,8-cineole (7.1-48.4%), linalool (0.1-38.7%), bomeol (10.9-27.7%), beta-phellandrene (0.5-21.2%) and camphor (1.5-15.8%). Cluster analysis showed that the 21 samples collected each month during the vegetation cycle were separable into three main clades with different compositions of essential oils. In the shoots with flowers, inflorescences and fruits of clade I, linalool is dominant, in the young leaves before flowering and old leaves of clade II, 1,8-cineole is dominant. In the young and incompletely developed leaves of clade III, beta-phellandrene is dominant. The composition of the essential oils of lavender depended on the plant part and the stage of development.

  9. Substrate promiscuity of a rosmarinic acid synthase from lavender (Lavandula angustifolia L.).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Landmann, Christian; Hücherig, Stefanie; Fink, Barbara; Hoffmann, Thomas; Dittlein, Daniela; Coiner, Heather A; Schwab, Wilfried

    2011-08-01

    One of the most common types of modification of secondary metabolites is the acylation of oxygen- and nitrogen-containing substrates to produce esters and amides, respectively. Among the known acyltransferases, the members of the plant BAHD family are capable of acylating a wide variety of substrates. Two full-length acyltransferase cDNAs (LaAT1 and 2) were isolated from lavender flowers (Lavandula angustifolia L.) by reverse transcriptase-PCR using degenerate primers based on BAHD sequences. Recombinant LaAT1 exhibited a broad substrate tolerance accepting (hydroxy)cinnamoyl-CoAs as acyl donors and not only tyramine, tryptamine, phenylethylamine and anthranilic acid but also shikimic acid and 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid as acceptors. Thus, LaLT1 forms esters and amides like its phylogenetic neighbors. In planta LaAT1 might be involved in the biosynthesis of rosmarinic acid, the ester of caffeic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid, a major constituent of lavender flowers. LaAT2 is one of three members of clade VI with unknown function.

  10. Material reciclado como elemento constructivo de una vivienda económica sustentable en la ciudad de Hco-2014

    OpenAIRE

    Sánchez Murrugarra, Ricardo

    2015-01-01

    Este proyecto de tesis consiste en el estudio del material reciclado como elemento constructivo de vivienda económica sustentable. Estos materiales después de su uso son desechado y aunque se le de algún tratamiento son desechos altamente contaminantes por su lenta degradación. Por este motivo damos la importancia de dar un uso adecuado de los materiales reciclados es un buen comienzo. Al igual que todo material reciclado empleado en la construcción, éstos se convertirá en un elemento impo...

  11. Radiosensitivity of three species of ground orchids (Spathoglottis plicata, S. kimballiana var. angustifolia and S. tomentosa) to acute gamma radiation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gonzales, Marcial Alvaran

    2007-04-01

    A radiosensitivity study coupled with tissue culture technique was conducted as preliminary to mutation breeding of the three species of ground orchids (Spathoglottis plicata, S. kimballiana var. angustifolia, and S. tomentosa). It aimed to compare the effects of varying dose levels of gamma radiation applied to the germinated embryos (protocorms) of the three species. Also it sought to determine the lethal dose of gamma radiation on the three species and to determine their optimum dose or the dose level that will lead to production of more mutants. The protocorms of the three species were irradiated at 10 Gy, 20 Gy, 30 Gy, 40 Gy, and 50 Gy dose levels of gamma radiation. Results of the study showed that as the dose level administered increases, percent mortality of seedlings also increases. Further, seedling height, number of roots and root length decreases. However, there was an increase in number of leaves at certain dose levels due to the emergence of furcations, but further increase in the dose levels of radiation decreases the number of leaves.Furthermore, some qualitative characters such as albinism, pigmentation, forked leaves, furcations, and multiple branching came out as responses to gamma radiation. It further shows that the three species have varied radiosensitivity as affected by their individual phenotype. It was found that S. kimballiana var. angustifolia was the least radiosensitive among the species, and could have a great potential for a wide array of genetic variations due to the observed emergence of more morphological mutations that came out as effect of gamma radiation. (Author)

  12. Radiosensitivity of three species of ground orchids (Spathoglottis plicata, S. kimballiana var. angustifolia and S. tomentosa) to acute gamma radiation

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gonzales, Marcial Alvaran

    2007-04-15

    A radiosensitivity study coupled with tissue culture technique was conducted as preliminary to mutation breeding of the three species of ground orchids (Spathoglottis plicata, S. kimballiana var. angustifolia, and S. tomentosa). It aimed to compare the effects of varying dose levels of gamma radiation applied to the germinated embryos (protocorms) of the three species. Also it sought to determine the lethal dose of gamma radiation on the three species and to determine their optimum dose or the dose level that will lead to production of more mutants. The protocorms of the three species were irradiated at 10 Gy, 20 Gy, 30 Gy, 40 Gy, and 50 Gy dose levels of gamma radiation. Results of the study showed that as the dose level administered increases, percent mortality of seedlings also increases. Further, seedling height, number of roots and root length decreases. However, there was an increase in number of leaves at certain dose levels due to the emergence of furcations, but further increase in the dose levels of radiation decreases the number of leaves.Furthermore, some qualitative characters such as albinism, pigmentation, forked leaves, furcations, and multiple branching came out as responses to gamma radiation. It further shows that the three species have varied radiosensitivity as affected by their individual phenotype. It was found that S. kimballiana var. angustifolia was the least radiosensitive among the species, and could have a great potential for a wide array of genetic variations due to the observed emergence of more morphological mutations that came out as effect of gamma radiation. (Author)

  13. La pintura como material de ingeniería civil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ortega, Juan J.

    1965-06-01

    Full Text Available This article gives a detailed description of the properties to be satisfied by organic paints, their specific uses, and the means of estimating in advance the behaviour of these materials in two important branches of civil engineering, namely, in a the protection of iron and steel surfaces against corrosion (owing to the very great economic importance of corrosion in industrial plants and b the surface finishing of structures that are to be kept in the open air (this refers to paints to be applied to woodwork and to metal surfaces.En este artículo se hace una descripción detallada de las características que deben reunir los recubrimientos orgánicos, las funciones específicas que se les asignan y el modo de predecir el comportamiento de los que se empleen en dos grandes aspectos de la Ingeniería Civil, como son: a La protección de las superficies de hierro y acero contra la corrosión, dado el extraordinario interés técnico y económico de la corrosión de los hierros industriales. b El acabado de estructuras que hayan de permanecer a la intemperie (pinturas para aplicación sobre madera y de acabado de superficies metálicas.

  14. Biology and life table of Dirphia araucariae (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae: A herbivore of potentially high impact on Araucaria angustifolia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mauricio M. Zenker

    2013-04-01

    Full Text Available The life-history and biology of Dirphia araucariae Jones, 1908, including its life fertility table, are here described. Moths were reared in the laboratory under controlled conditions on their host plant, Araucaria angustifolia (Bertoloni O. Kuntze - Araucariaceae. We describe several life-history traits of the species, namely: developmental period, survival rate, growth rate, fertility, fecundity, sex ratio, cephalic capsule width, and pupal weight. Mean duration of life stages were: egg = 26.78 days; larva = 61.78 days; prepupa = 6.85 days; pupa = 62.46 days; adult = 8.37 days. We found statistically significant differences between sexes for adult, larval and pupal stage duration; larval stage was longer in females while pupal stage was longer in males. The survival rate of each life stage was: egg = 96.18%; larva = 95.38%; prepupa = 83.87%; pupa = 100%. The larvae developed through six instars and the mean growth rate was 1.418. The width of male and female cephalic capsules were different in last three instars, even though the total mean width between sexes was not different. Pupal mean weight ranged from 2.40 g to 4.79 g, with females being heavier than males. Fertility ranged from 66.78% to 100%, and the total fecundity was 358.45 eggs/female, including both laid eggs and eggs held in the abdomen. The sex ratio was 0.50 ± 0.05. The estimated biotic potential was 48731.08 specimens/female/year. We found the following values for the fertility life table: (Ro = 117.21 females; (T = 162.75 days; (r m = 0.21; (l = 1.23. Considering the biological parameters evaluated in this study, we conclude that D. araucariae is not able to cause primary damage in A. angustifolia forests, although further studies are needed to understand the reasons for occasional population outbreaks.

  15. MODELLING THE POTENTIAL DISTRIBUTION OF TREE SPECIES ON A NATIONAL SCALE IN COLOMBIA: APPLICATION TO PALICOUREA ANGUSTIFOLIA KUNTH AND PALICOUREA GUIANENSIS AUBL.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Armenteras Dolors

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available The results in this study illustrate the methods of using the existing species' presentrecords and environmental data to produce a niche-based model based on Mahalanobis distances, and also to predict the distribution of a number of tree species in order to apply it on a national scale to a tropical country such as Colombia. The technique applied is based on the Mahalanobis distance, a generalised squared distance statistic. We used environmental data integrated into a GIS, and a georeferenced collection of localities of Palicourea angustifolia and Palicourea guianensis to produce and test the predictive models. We used record data for Warszewiczia coccinea to validate the model. The two Palicourea species show largely complementary potential ranges. P. angustifolia shows a clear Andean distribution with a presence in lower and upper mountain areas but not in the highlands or in the inter-Andean valleys. P. guianensis was predicted throughout most of the lowland areas of Colombia including lowland Amazonian forests, and most of the tropical savannas of Orinoquia. The model predicted an overlapping distribution of the two species of 93.9 km2. The Mahalanobian approach contributes to the development of biogeographically oriented modelling that makes the best use of the available data in data-scarce regions (such as most of the tropics. The technique provides key information about the environmental niche of the species being modelled, and allows comparisons between the species. The prediction achieved for the two species was considered satisfactory.

  16. Phytochemicals from Kaempferia angustifolia Rosc. and Their Cytotoxic and Antimicrobial Activities

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sook Wah Tang

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Phytochemical investigation on rhizomes of Kaempferia angustifolia has afforded a new abietene diterpene, kaempfolienol (1 along with crotepoxide (2, boesenboxide (3, 2′-hydroxy-4,4′,6′-trimethoxychalcone (4, zeylenol (5, 6-methylzeylenol (6, (24S-24-methyl-5α-lanosta-9(11, 25-dien-3β-ol (7, sucrose, β-sitosterol, and its glycoside (8. The structures of the compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods (IR, MS, and NMR. Isolation of 6-methylzeylenol (6, (24S-24-methyl-5α-lanosta-9(11, 25-dien-3β-ol (7, and β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8 from this plant species has never been reported previously. The spectroscopic data of (7 is firstly described in this paper. Cytotoxic screening indicated that most of the pure compounds tested showed significant activity with (4 showing the most potent activity against HL-60 (human promyelocytic leukemia and MCF-7 (human breast cancer cell lines. However, all extracts and most of the pure compounds tested were found to be inactive against HT-29 (human colon cancer and HeLa (human cervical cancer cell lines. Similarly, none of the extracts or compounds showed activity in the antimicrobial testing.

  17. Conservação pós-colheita de pinhões [sementes de Araucaria angustifolia (Bertoloni Otto Kuntze] armazenados em diferentes temperaturas Postharvest preservation of 'pinhões' [seeds of Araucaria angustifolia (Bertoloni Otto Kuntze] stored at different temperatures

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cassandro Vidal Talamini do Amarante

    2007-04-01

    Full Text Available O pinhão (semente de Araucaria angustifolia representa importante fonte de renda aos produtores rurais e uma opção a mais de alimento característico a ser oferecido aos turistas e à população em geral na região Sul do Brasil. A temperatura e a umidade de armazenamento são os principais determinantes da preservação pós-colheita de pinhões. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar os efeitos da temperatura de armazenamento nas taxas respiratórias e de evolução de etileno, bem como na perda de massa fresca e na germinação pós-colheita de pinhões destinados para consumo alimentar humano. Seguiu-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com seis temperaturas de armazenamento (2, 10, 20, 30, 40 e 50°C e quatro repetições, cada repetição correspondendo a amostras contendo cerca de 300g de pinhões. Pinhões armazenados nas diferentes temperaturas não apresentaram produção de etileno (em níveis detectáveis através de cromatografia gasosa, com sensibilidade de 1ppm. A taxa respiratória aumentou substancialmente com o aumento na temperatura, com um Q10 @ 2,5 na faixa de temperatura de 2 a 37,1°C. Houve redução substancial da respiração com o aumento na temperatura de 37,1 para 50°C. A maior germinação dos pinhões foi verificada na temperatura de 20°C (~55% dos pinhões germinados aos 26 dias de armazenamento, reduzindo em temperaturas menores (~1% e 21% de germinação nas temperaturas de 2 e 10°C, respectivamente ou maiores (9% e The seeds ('pinhões' of Brazilian pine (Araucaria angustifolia represent an important sorce of income to the rural comunities and also an additional food product to be offered to the tourists and population in Southern Brazil. Temperature and humidity in the storage environment are the mais factors affecting 'pinhões' postharvest preservation. This work was carried out to evaluate the effects of storage temperature on postharvest respiration and ethylene production, as well as on

  18. DIOECY EFFECT ON GROWTH OF PLANTED Araucaria angustifolia Bert. O. Kuntze TREES

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    Afonso Figueiredo Filho

    2015-09-01

    Full Text Available The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of dioecy on the growth in diameter at breast height (DBH, individual basal area, total height and individual volume of planted Araucaria angustifolia trees. The data came from 60 trees (30 male trees and 30 female trees sampled from a 30-year-old plantation in Paraná State. Complete stem analysis was used to recover historical tree growth. The Chapman-Richards model was fitted in order to represent the growth and yield of the dendrometric variables for female and male Araucaria trees. Weighted non-linear least squared method was used in the fitting process and the inverse variance was used as weight to solve the problem of heteroscedasticity. The test to verify the equality of parameters and the identity of non-linear regression models proposed by Regazzi (2003 was used to test the influence of dioecy on growth. Dioecy significantly influenced the growth of Araucaria, and female trees have higher growth in diameter, individual basal area and individual volume, while male trees showed better height development. The asymptotic coefficient of the Chapman-Richards model showed that male trees have a higher asymptotic height than female trees.

  19. Antileishmanial Activity of Lavandula angustifolia and Rosmarinus Officinalis Essential Oils and Nano-emulsions on Leishmania major (MRHO/IR/75/ER

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Azar SHOKRI

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available AbstractBackground: The aim of present study was to evaluate antileishmanial effects of Lavandula angustifolia (L. angustifolia and Rosmarinus officinalis (R. officinalis medicinal plants essential oils and nano-emulsions on Leishmania major (L. major. Methods: The present study was performed in Leishmaniasis Reference Lab at Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Iran during 2016-2017. The IC50 values were calculated in both the promastigote and amastigote stages in J774 macrophage in comparison with meglumine antimoniate (MA as positive control. In addition, cytotoxicity effects of essential oils and nano-emulsions prepared from both plants against macrophages were evaluated.Results: Both essential oil and nano-emulsion of Lavander and Rosemary showed anti-leishmania activity on promastigote with IC50=0.11 μl/mL, IC50=0.26 μl/mL, and IC50=0.08 μl/mL respectively. Moreover, during amastigote assay, Lavander and Rosemary essential oils and nano-emulsion were effective at least in concentration of 0.12 μl/mL and 0.06 µl/mL (P=0.0001 respectively, on mean infected macrophages (MIR and amastigotes in macrophages (P=0.0001. Additionally, cytotoxicity assay against macrophage revealed no toxicity on the host cells at IC50 concentrations.Conclusion: The nano-emulsions of both plants were more effective than essential oil in both MIR and amastigote. However, in comparison with MA, the Lavander essential oil is more effective in reducing MIR. Rosemary nano-emulsion reduced MIR significantly more than MA in concentration of 0.25 μl/mL (P<0.001. Further investigations are recommended to evaluate the effect of these medicinal plants in murine models.

  20. El Derecho como argumentación

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Atienza, Manuel

    1999-11-01

    Full Text Available Not available

    Frente a las concepciones del Derecho como norma, como hecho o como valor (que caracterizan, respectivamente, al norrnativismo, al realismo jurídico y al iusnaturalismo, se propone aquí un cuarto enfoque que consiste en ver el Derecho como argumentación (y que cohra especial relevancia en las sociedades democráticas. Sin embargo, no hay una única forma de entender la argumentación jurídica. Aunque conectadas entre sí, en el trabajo se distinguen tres concepciones: la formal, la material y la pragmática o dialéctica; muchas cuestiones que se plantean en el ámbito de la teoría de la argumentación jurídica pueden resolverse -o aclararse- teniendo en cuenta esa triple perspectiva.

  1. Hydrophobic modification of cellulose isolated from Agave angustifolia fibre by graft copolymerisation using methyl methacrylate.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rosli, Noor Afizah; Ahmad, Ishak; Abdullah, Ibrahim; Anuar, Farah Hannan; Mohamed, Faizal

    2015-07-10

    Graft copolymerisation of methyl methacrylate (MMA) onto Agave angustifolia was conducted with ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) as the redox initiator. The maximum grafting efficiency was observed at CAN and MMA concentrations of 0.91 × 10(-3) and 5.63 × 10(-2)M, respectively, at 45°C for 3h reaction time. Four characteristic peaks at 2995, 1738, 1440, and 845 cm(-1), attributed to PMMA, were found in the IR spectrum of grafted cellulose. The crystallinity index dropped from 0.74 to 0.46, while the thermal stability improved upon grafting. The water contact angle increased with grafting yield, indicating increased hydrophobicity of cellulose. SEM images showed the grafted cellulose to be enlarged and rougher. The changes in the physical nature of PMMA-grafted cellulose can be attributed to the PMMA grafting in the amorphous regions of cellulose, causing it to expand at the expense of the crystalline component. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  2. Cultivation of Agaricus blazei ss. Heinemann using different soils as source of casing materials Cultivo de Agaricus blazei ss. Heinemann usando diferentes solos como fonte de material para a camada de cobertura

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Félix Gonçalves de Siqueira

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available Commercial productivity of the Agaricus blazei mushroom is closely related to both the quality of the compost and the choice of soil to be used as a casing material. This study aims to evaluate Agaricus blazei's productivity using two compost formulations and three soils. The two compost formulations were (i crushed sugarcane bagasse (Saccharum officinarum (L. and Coastcross hay (Cynidon dactylon (L. Pers., and (ii crushed sugarcane bagasse (Saccharum officinarum (L. and corn husk (Zea mays L.; they were amended with wheat bran, lime, gypsum, superphosphate and urea. The casing materials were extracted from three soils classed as Rhodic Hapludox, Xanthic Hapludox, and Humic Haplaquox. The Rhodic Hapludox soil material was mixed with fragments of Eucalyptus charcoal in the proportion of 4:1. The compost was prepared during six weeks and thereafter heat treated during 48 h at the end of the composting period. The sugarcane bagasse:coast-hay compost was superior to the sugarcane bagasse: corn husk compost. The Rhodic Hapludox plus charcoal casing material showed to be a better casing material than either the Xanthic Hapludox and Humic Haplaquox soil materials. The choice of the soils where the casing material is taken is an important factor to the success of the Agaricus blazei mushroom cultivation.A produtividade do cogumelo Agaricus blazei depende da qualidade do composto e da terra de cobertura. Avaliou-se a produtividade deste cogumelo utilizando-se duas formulações de composto e materiais retirados de três tipos de solo usados como camada de cobertura. As duas formulações de composto consistiram em (i bagaço de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum officinarum (L. e capim Coastcross (Cynidon dactylon (L. Pers., e (ii bagaço de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum officinarum (L. e palha de milho (Zea mays L.. As duas formulações foram suplementadas com farelo de trigo, calcário, gesso, superfosfato simples e uréia. Como camadas de cobertura foram

  3. Lead pollution due to exhaust gases. [Celtis occidentalis; fraxinus angustifolia; aesculus hippocastanum; hedera helix

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Klinscek, P

    1976-01-01

    An investigation was carried out to establish the changes in the lead content of trees and shrubs on the Margaret island in Budapest as a response to the reduction in motor-vehicle traffic introduced in 1974. Compared to samples of the control area (Vacratot) the Margaret island samples were found to have a considerable higher lead content. As a consequence of the traffic modifying measure a 30% decrease in the lead content of the samples was verified. The lead pollution did not involve changes in the chlorophyll content of samples. Accumulation of lead pollution is a specific feature. Lead pollution is accumulated to a great extent (multiple of other plants) by the pilose-leaved CELTIS occidentalis, the pinnate-leaved FRAXINUS angustifolia, ssp. pannonica and the undulate-leaved AESCULUS hippocastanum as well as from among the evergreen by the stellate-hair HEDERA helix. The green belt bordering the roads by its active lead cumulation plays an important role in lessening the plumb pollution of areas more distant from the road. 14 references 3 tables.

  4. Linking Bacterial Endophytic Communities to Essential Oils: Clues from Lavandula angustifolia Mill

    Science.gov (United States)

    Emiliani, Giovanni; Maida, Isabel; Perrin, Elena; Chiellini, Carolina; Fondi, Marco; Gallo, Eugenia; Gori, Luigi; Maggini, Valentina; Vannacci, Alfredo; Biffi, Sauro; Firenzuoli, Fabio; Fani, Renato

    2014-01-01

    Endophytic bacteria play a crucial role in plant life and are also drawing much attention for their capacity to produce bioactive compounds of relevant biotechnological interest. Here we present the characterisation of the cultivable endophytic bacteria of Lavandula angustifolia Mill.—a species used since antiquity for its therapeutic properties—since the production of bioactive metabolites from medical plants may reside also in the activity of bacterial endophytes through their direct production, PGPR activity on host, and/or elicitation of plant metabolism. Lavender tissues are inhabited by a tissue specific endophytic community dominated by Proteobacteria, highlighting also their difference from the rhizosphere environment where Actinobacteria and Firmicutes are also found. Leaves' endophytic community resulted as the most diverse from the other ecological niches. Overall, the findings reported here suggest: (i) the existence of different entry points for the endophytic community, (ii) its differentiation on the basis of the ecological niche variability, and (iii) a two-step colonization process for roots endophytes. Lastly, many isolates showed a strong inhibition potential against human pathogens and the molecular characterization demonstrated also the presence of not previously described isolates that may constitute a reservoir of bioactive compounds relevant in the field of pathogen control, phytoremediation, and human health. PMID:24971151

  5. Formulaciones de cemento de fosfato con subproductos de magnesio y su aplicación como material reparador

    OpenAIRE

    Porta Díaz, Ana

    2011-01-01

    Los cementos de fosfato, también conocidos como CBPC (Chemically Bonded Phosphate Ceramic), se obtienen a partir de una reacción ácido-base en medio acuoso, entre un óxido metálico y un fosfato ácido. Esta reacción es muy rápida y exotérmica, lo que permite obtener un material que endurece rápidamente, expande ligeramente y que además adquiere muy buenas propiedades mecánicas iniciales. Por estas propiedades, entre otras, resultan muy atractivos para ser empleados en diversas a...

  6. Diversity and structure of landraces of Agave grown for spirits under traditional agriculture: A comparison with wild populations of A. angustifolia (Agavaceae) and commercial plantations of A. tequilana.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vargas-Ponce, Ofelia; Zizumbo-Villarreal, Daniel; Martínez-Castillo, Jaime; Coello-Coello, Julián; Colunga-Garcíamarín, Patricia

    2009-02-01

    Traditional farming communities frequently maintain high levels of agrobiodiversity, so understanding their agricultural practices is a priority for biodiversity conservation. The cultural origin of agave spirits (mezcals) from west-central Mexico is in the southern part of the state of Jalisco where traditional farmers cultivate more than 20 landraces of Agave angustifolia Haw. in agroecosystems that include in situ management of wild populations. These systems, rooted in a 9000-year-old tradition of using agaves as food in Mesoamerica, are endangered by the expansion of commercial monoculture plantations of the blue agave variety (A. tequilana Weber var. Azul), the only agave certified for sale as tequila, the best-known mezcal. Using intersimple sequence repeats and Bayesian estimators of diversity and structure, we found that A. angustifolia traditional landraces had a genetic diversity (H(BT) = 0.442) similar to its wild populations (H(BT) = 0.428) and a higher genetic structure ((B) = 0.405; (B) =0. 212). In contrast, the genetic diversity in the blue agave commercial system (H(B) = 0.118) was 73% lower. Changes to agave spirits certification laws to allow the conservation of current genetic, ecological and cultural diversity can play a key role in the preservation of the traditional agroecosystems.

  7. Percepções dos moradores acerca de Typha angustifolia subsp. Domingensis (Pers. Rohrb. (Typhaceae Juss. em áreas alagadiças de Picos-PI, Nordeste do Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Stefany Beyby Soares dos Santos

    2017-03-01

    Full Text Available As macrófitas são vegetais de grande importância ambiental, pois estabelecerem a ligação entre o sistema aquático e o ambiente terrestre e estão envolvidas na produção de matéria orgânica e ciclagem de nutrientes. A Typha angustifolia subsp. domingensis(Pers. Rohrb é uma espécie pertencente à família Typhaceae e bastante distribuída no município de Picos-PI, portanto, objetivou-se com este trabalho, averiguar o conhecimento da população local acerca da macrófita supracitada, em áreas alagadiças. Assim, por meio de entrevistas, mesmo que sua distribuição seja elevada no local, foi percebido que a população desconhece a referida espécie e carece de conhecimentos referentes à atuação ecológica da planta em questão, bem como dos prováveis usos domésticos para o vegetal. Além disto, foi denunciado pelos entrevistados que a região sofre com o descompromisso da população, de modo que os próprios moradores lançam quantidades elevadas de resíduos, principalmente os materiais sólidos na área da lagoa.Palavras-chave: conhecimento local, educação ambiental, macrófita.

  8. Carbon-14 activity of fallout in Araucaria angustifolia annual growth rings, from Arapoti, Parana State, Brazil

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lisi, Claudio Sergio; Pessenda, Luiz Carlos Ruiz; Tomazello Filho, Mario

    2000-01-01

    During the period of nuclear tests between 1950 and 1960, an input of artificial 14 C (fallout effect) occurred in the natural reservoirs. 14 C determinations in the Northern Hemisphere showed values of Δ 14 C up to 960 in the year of 1964. To determine the fallout 14 C activity in Brazil, wood samples from Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Kuntze, Araucariaceae, were collected in Arapoti-PR (24 deg 11 S , 49 deg 58 O ). The annual tree rings were selected by dendrochronology. The cellulose was extracted and its 14 C activity determined by liquid scintillation method. The results showed a significant increase of the Δ 14 C up to 590 in 1965, about 60% higher than the natural activity, gradually decreasing after the end of nuclear tests. These results were correlated with those obtained in the Northen Hemisphere and will be used in the studies of CO 2 mechanisms distribuition to the atmosphere and other natural reservoirs. (author)

  9. Effective population size estimation in seed orchards: A case study of Pinus nigra ARNOLD and Fraxinus excelsior L./ F. angustifolia VAHL.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Machanská Eva

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Effective population size as a parameter closely correlating with the genetic and genotypic diversity of the seed orchard output is an important indicator of seed orchard functioning. It is determined by the variation of male and female gametic contributions of parental genotypes (including those outside the seed orchard, influenced by the variation in male and female gamete production, reproductive phenology, pollen dispersal within seed orchard and other factors. We assessed male and female fecundity, as well as temporal course of male and female flowering in two seed orchards of Pinus nigra ARNOLD and Fraxinus excelsior L./F. angustifolia VAHL. in Slovakia. In both cases, male and female gametic contributions of plus-tree clones were modeled on the basis of fecundity and flowering phenology, and were used to calculate status number as an estimator of effective population size. In the seed orchard of Pinus nigra, marker-aided verification of clonal fidelity revealed unexpectedly high proportion of misplaced ramets (29.9% and alien genotypes (44.4%. Monitoring of reproductive processes in 2002 and 2003 showed high variation in both male and female fecundity, and pollen shedding preceding female receptivity in Pinus nigra. All these factors contributed to a very low relative status effective number, representing 8.6% to 38.6% of the population census (depending from the management option in relation to misplaced and alien genotypes. In the mixed seed orchard of Fraxinus excelsior and F. angustifolia, the proportion of misplaced and alien genotypes was much lower (22.4% and 12.3%, respectively. However, a high fecundity variation and protogyny resulted in a low relative status number (18.8% to 29.5% of the census number of clones also in this seed orchard. Practical implications of these findings are shortly discussed and practical management options are proposed.

  10. Chemical characterization of essential oils from Drimys angustifolia miers (Winteraceae) and antibacterial activity of their major compounds

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Santos, Thalita G.; Dognini, Jocinei; Begnini, Ieda M.; Rebelo, Ricardo A., E-mail: ricardorebelo@furb.br [Universidade Regional de Blumenau (FURB), SC (Brazil). Dept. de Quimica; Verdi, Marcio [Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS (Brazil). Dept. de Botanica; Gasper, Andre L. de [Universidade Regional de Blumenau (FURB), SC (Brazil). Dept. de Ciencias Naturais; Dalmarco, Eduardo M. [Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis, SC (Brazil). Dept. de Analises Clinicas

    2013-01-15

    Essential oils have been extensively studied in recent years as a natural source of new antimicrobial agents. In this work, essential oils of leaf and branch from Drimys angustifolia growing in Southern Brazil were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatographies with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and with mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Drimenol and bicyclogermacrene were isolated by column chromatography from branch and leaf essential oils, respectively. Oils, isolated compounds and combinations of them were assayed against Gram-(+) and Gram-(-) bacteria. The oils showed to be more active against Bacillus cereus, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 125 and 250 {mu}g mL{sup -1} for branch and leaf oils, respectively, strongly inhibiting bacterial growth. Bicyclogermacrene was more active then drimenol, providing a MIC value of 167 {mu}g mL-1 against B. cereus. Synergism was not observed in any of the combinations tested. (author)

  11. Chemical characterization of essential oils from Drimys angustifolia miers (Winteraceae) and antibacterial activity of their major compounds

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Santos, Thalita G.; Dognini, Jocinei; Begnini, Ieda M.; Rebelo, Ricardo A.; Verdi, Marcio; Gasper, Andre L. de; Dalmarco, Eduardo M.

    2013-01-01

    Essential oils have been extensively studied in recent years as a natural source of new antimicrobial agents. In this work, essential oils of leaf and branch from Drimys angustifolia growing in Southern Brazil were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatographies with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and with mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Drimenol and bicyclogermacrene were isolated by column chromatography from branch and leaf essential oils, respectively. Oils, isolated compounds and combinations of them were assayed against Gram-(+) and Gram-(–) bacteria. The oils showed to be more active against Bacillus cereus, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 125 and 250 μg mL -1 for branch and leaf oils, respectively, strongly inhibiting bacterial growth. Bicyclogermacrene was more active then drimenol, providing a MIC value of 167 μg mL-1 against B. cereus. Synergism was not observed in any of the combinations tested. (author)

  12. „IN VITRO” EFFECT OF SOME INDUSTRIAL BY-PRODUCTS ON LAVANDULA ANGUSTIFOLIA MILL. EXPLANT GROWTH

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Corneliu Tanase

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available After many studies, it was observed that lavender has many therapeutic effects, such as sedation, activities spasmolytic, antiviral, antibacterial. Thus, given the importance of lavender in different areas of human life, in the present study, we studied the influence of natural products bioregulatoars separated from industrial by-products on some lavender stems explants. These explants were inoculated in vitro on MS nutrient media. In these culture media were added polyphenolic extracts obtained from spruce bark and hemp shives, and evaluated their influence on lavender stems explants. The results obtained were compared with those obtained for the control variant, where MS culture medium was used as standard. It was found that the addition of aqueous extract from spruce bark of concentration of 130 mg GAE / L, in the growth of explants of Lavandula angustifolia Mill, an increase in the elongation of the main stem, number of leaves formed, the amount of photoassimilating pigments synthesized and causes the phenomenon of shoots formation. At a higher concentration of the extract (26 mgGAE/100g values are lower.

  13. FABRICAÇÃO DE CHAPAS DE PARTÍCULAS AGLOMERADAS USANDO GESSO COMO MATERIAL CIMENTANTE

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    Clovis Roberto Haselein

    2002-04-01

    Full Text Available Neste trabalho, foram confeccionadas chapas aglomeradas, utilizando gesso como material cimentante e papel reciclável dissociado (jornal e offset e partículas de madeira de pinus como reforços. Em todos os tratamentos, a razão madeira (ou fibras para gesso foi mantida em 0,25 (base seca e duas dosagens de água (w foram empregadas: 0,4 e 0,8, correspondendo à razão água:gesso. As chapas foram prensadas a frio em prensa de laboratório, em um processo similar à produção de chapas aglomeradas convencionais. Após condicionadas em câmara climatizada, as chapas foram testadas em flexão estática, dureza, arrancamento de parafusos, absorção d’água e inchamento em espessura. Em geral, a adição de fibras causou melhoria nas propriedades das chapas. Diferenças estatísticas significativas em relação à testemunha (gesso puro foram encontradas para resistência à flexão estática (MOR, dureza e arrancamento de parafusos em relação a alguns dos tratamentos estudados. Já a inclusão de fibras de papel reciclável, com w = 0,4, não apresentou diferenças significativas em relação à testemunha para absorção d’água e inchamento em espessura. Os melhores resultados foram encontrados com papel jornal, com um coeficiente w = 0,4.

  14. In Vitro and In Vivo Efficacy Studies of Lavender angustifolia Essential Oil and Its Active Constituents on the Proliferation of Human Prostate Cancer

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhao, Yunqi; Chen, Ran; Wang, Yun; Qing, Chen; Wang, Wei; Yang, Yixin

    2016-01-01

    Lavandula angustifolia is the most widely cultivated Lavandula species. The extraction of its flower and leaves has been used as herbal medicine. In this study, the in vitro antitumor activities were tested on human prostate cancer PC-3 and DU145 cell lines. Flow cytometry technology was applied to study apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest. The PC-3 cell line was used to establish subcutaneous xenograft tumors in nude mice. Paraffin sections from xenograft tumor specimens were used in the TUNEL (terminal deocynucleotide transferase dUTP nick end labeling) assay and an immunohistochemistry assay to detect cell proliferation markers Ki67 and PCNA. Lavender essential oil, linalool, and linalyl acetate showed stronger inhibitory effect on PC-3 cells than on DU145 cells. The apoptotic cell populations observed in PC-3 cells treated with lavender essential oil, linalool, and linalyl acetate were 74.76%, 67.11%, and 56.14%, respectively. The PC-3 cells were mainly arrested in the G2/M phase. In the xenograft model with PC-3 cell transplantation, essential oil and linalool significantly suppressed tumor growth. The immunosignals of Ki67 and PCNA in the essential oil, linalool, and linalyl acetate treatment groups were significantly lower than that of the control group in xenograft tumor sections. The TUNEL assay indicated that each of the 3 phytochemicals significantly induced apoptosis compared to the control group. This study provides novel insight and evidence on the antiproliferative effect of L angustifolia essential oil and its major constituents on human prostate cancer. The antitumor effect was associated with cell proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction in xenograft tumors. PMID:27151584

  15. Targeted and Untargeted Metabolomics to Explore the Bioavailability of the Secoiridoids from a Seed/Fruit Extract (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl in Human Healthy Volunteers: A Preliminary Study

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rocío García-Villalba

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available The bark, seeds, fruits and leaves of the genus Fraxinus (Oleaceae which contain a wide range of phytochemicals, mostly secoiridoid glucosides, have been widely used in folk medicine against a number of ailments, yet little is known about the metabolism and uptake of the major Fraxinus components. The aim of this work was to advance in the knowledge on the bioavailability of the secoiridoids present in a Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl seed/fruit extract using both targeted and untargeted metabolomic analyses. Plasma and urine samples from nine healthy volunteers were taken at specific time intervals following the intake of the extract and analyzed by UPLC-ESI-QTOF. Predicted metabolites such as tyrosol and ligstroside-aglycone glucuronides and sulfates were detected at low intensity. These compounds reached peak plasma levels 2 h after the intake and exhibited high variability among the participants. The ligstroside-aglycone conjugates may be considered as potential biomarkers of the Fraxinus secoiridoids intake. Using the untargeted approach we additionally detected phenolic conjugates identified as ferulic acid and caffeic acid sulfates, as well as hydroxybenzyl and hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde sulfate derivatives which support further metabolism of the secoiridoids by phase I and (or microbial enzymes. Overall, the results of this study suggest low uptake of intact secoiridoids from a Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl extract in healthy human volunteers and metabolic conversion by esterases, glycosidases, and phase II sulfo- and glucuronosyl transferases to form smaller conjugated derivatives.

  16. Behavior of the hypsometric relationship of Araucaria angustifolia in the forest copse of the faculty of forest – Federal University of Paraná, Brazil Comportamento da relação hipsométrica de Araucaria angustifolia no capão da Engenharia Florestal da UFPR

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sebastião do Amaral Machado

    2010-03-01

    Full Text Available The objective of this research was to test and select mathematics models for estimating total heigh (ht and bole high (hb, as a function of DBH, as well as, to establish the dendrometric relationship  between ht/hb. The data came from measurements of diameters (DBH, total height and bole height of all Araucaria angustifolia trees from an Ombrophylous Mix Forest fragment of 15,24 ha situated in the Botanical Garden Campus of the UFPR, Curitiba-PR, Brazil. Thirteen  models were tested, including arithmetic, logarithmic and nonlinear  models, such as Chapman-Richards and Mitschertich or monomolecular adapted; the nonlinear models were fitted by the Levenberg-Marquart algorithm. The statistic criteria for selecting the best models were the graphic analysis of residuals, Standard error of estimate in percentage (Syx% and adjusted determination coefficient (R2 aj. The R2 aj were very low for all fitted models, characterizing an advanced and asymptotic stage of the species under study. The best equation for estimating ht was that one proposed by Stoffels & Van Soest, and for hf the Curtis equation in its logarithmic form, chosen due to its statistics values and easy utilization. The adjusted linear equation to estimate total height as a function of bole height presented R2 aj = 0.88 and Syx% = 5 %, characterizing a strong relationship between these two variables.Esta pesquisa teve como objetivos testar e selecionar os melhores modelos matemáticos para estimar
    a altura total (ht e a altura de fuste (hf, em função do diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP, bem como estabelecer a
    relação dendrométrica entre ht/hf. Os dados provieram da medição de diâmetros, altura total e altura de fuste de
    todas as araucárias existentes no fragmento de Floresta Ombrófila Mista, de 15,2 hectares, situado no Campus
    Jardim Botânico da Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR, Curitiba, PR. Foram testados 13 modelos, incluindo
    modelos aritm

  17. Carbon-14 activity of fallout in Araucaria angustifolia annual growth rings, from Arapoti, Parana State, Brazil; Atividade de {sup 14} C do 'fallout' em aneis anuais de crescimento de Araucaria angustifolia, de Arapoti - PR

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lisi, Claudio Sergio; Pessenda, Luiz Carlos Ruiz [Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura (CENA), Piracicaba, SP (Brazil). Lab. de 14 C; Tomazello Filho, Mario [Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Piracicaba, SP (Brazil). Dept. de Ciencias Florestais. Lab. de Dendrocronologia

    2000-07-01

    During the period of nuclear tests between 1950 and 1960, an input of artificial {sup 14} C (fallout effect) occurred in the natural reservoirs. {sup 14} C determinations in the Northern Hemisphere showed values of {delta}{sup 14} C up to 960 in the year of 1964. To determine the fallout {sup 14} C activity in Brazil, wood samples from Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Kuntze, Araucariaceae, were collected in Arapoti-PR (24 deg 11{sup S}, 49 deg 58{sup O}). The annual tree rings were selected by dendrochronology. The cellulose was extracted and its {sup 14} C activity determined by liquid scintillation method. The results showed a significant increase of the {delta} {sup 14} C up to 590 in 1965, about 60% higher than the natural activity, gradually decreasing after the end of nuclear tests. These results were correlated with those obtained in the Northen Hemisphere and will be used in the studies of CO{sub 2} mechanisms distribuition to the atmosphere and other natural reservoirs. (author)

  18. UTILIZAÇÃO DA BUCHA VEGETAL DE CURCUBITÁCEA COMO MATERIAL SUPORTE EM REATOR ANAERÓBIO DE LEITO FIXO / USE OF CUCURBITACEOUS BUSH AS SUPPORT MATERIAL IN ANAEROBIC FIXED BED REACTOR

    OpenAIRE

    T. B. Magassy; J. V. C. Fagundes; A. S. Araújo; A. P. de Oliveira Netto

    2017-01-01

    Este projeto avaliou o desempenho de um sistema para tratamento de esgoto sanitário operando de modo contínuo e sem recirculação da fase líquida. O trabalho se diferencia por utilizar a bucha vegetal de curcubitácea como material suporte do reator, pouco estudada para essa finalidade de tratamento biológico de efluentes. Esse material se caracteriza por ser leve, barato e facilmente encontrado na região do alto sertão alagoano, além de ser integralmente natural e com características favorávei...

  19. Biodiversity and distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Araucaria angustifolia forest Biodiversidade e distribuição de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares em floresta de Araucaria angustifolia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Milene Moreira

    2007-08-01

    Full Text Available Araucaria angustifolia (Bert. O. Ktze. is an endangered Brazilian coniferous tree that has been almost exterminated in the native areas because of uncontrolled wood exploitation. This tree has been shown to be highly dependent on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF and, therefore, AMF may be essential for forest sustainability and biological diversity. Root colonization, density and diversity of AMF spores were assessed in two Araucaria forest stands at the State Park of Alto Ribeira (PETAR, at two sampling dates: May and October. A comparison was made between a mature native stand composed of Araucaria trees mixed into a variety of tropical trees and shrubs, without any sign of anthropogenic interference (FN and an Araucaria stand planted in 1987 (R, which has been used as a pasture. Assessments included percent root colonization, AMF spore numbers and species richness, Simpson's dominance index (Is, and Shannon's diversity index (H. Mycorrhizal root colonization did not differ between ecosystems in May. In October, however, the native stand (FN presented a higher colonization than the planted forest (R, and the root colonization was more intense than in May. When considering both sampling periods and forests, 27 species of AM fungi, with higher numbers of spores in FN than in R were found. Canonical discriminant analysis (CDA indicated Shannon's diversity index as the ecological attribute that contributed the most to distinguish between forest ecosystems, with higher value of H in FN in relation to R. CDA showed to be a useful tool for the study of ecological attributes.O pinheiro brasileiro, Araucaria angustifolia (Bert. O. Ktze é uma espécie arbórea ameaçada de extinção, quase exterminada pela exploração descontrolada de madeira. Essa espécie demonstra alta dependência de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA, de grande importância para a estabilidade do ecossistema e manutenção da biodiversidade. Avaliou-se a coloniza

  20. Prebiotic Potential of Agave angustifolia Haw Fructans with Different Degrees of Polymerization

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    José Rodolfo Velázquez-Martínez

    2014-08-01

    Full Text Available Inulin-type fructans are the most studied prebiotic compounds because of their broad range of health benefits. In particular, plants of the Agave genus are rich in fructans. Agave-derived fructans have a branched structure with both β-(2→1 and β-(2→6 linked fructosyl chains attached to the sucrose start unit with a degree of polymerization (DP of up to 80 fructose units. The objective of this work was to assess the prebiotic potential of three Agave angustifolia Haw fructan fractions (AFF with different degrees of polymerization. The three fructan fractions were extracted from the agave stem by lixiviation and then purified by ultrafiltration and ion exchange chromatography: AFF1, AFF2 and AFF3 with high (3–60 fructose units, medium (2–40 and low (2–22 DP, respectively. The fructan profile was determined with high-performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD, which confirmed a branched fructan structure. Structural elucidation was performed by Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy. The AFF spectrum shows characteristic fructan bands. The prebiotic effect of these fractions was assessed in vitro through fermentation by Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus strains. Four growth patterns were observed. Some bacteria did not grow with any of the AFF, while other strains grew with only AFF3. Some bacteria grew according to the molecular weight of the AFF and some grew indistinctly with the three fructan fractions.

  1. Técnicas de utilização de dicionário como material didático na aula de LE para fins específicos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Camila Höfling

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo apresenta uma metodologia de trabalho relacionado ao uso do dicionário como material didático na aula de língua estrangeira com fins específicos, em atividades como desenvolvimento de vocabulário, gramática, pronúncia, uso de língua, cultura, leitura e interpretação de texto. Com certas técnicas, os professores podem aproveitar esse material em suas aulas e orientar seus alunos sobre qual dicionário adquirir e como empregá-lo de maneira eficiente. Oferecemos algumas sugestões de atividades para serem realizadas com o dicionário, seja em aulas para alunos particulares ou em cursos profissionalizantes em áreas específicas.This paper presents a methodology related to the use of dictionary as a pedagogic resource in the foreign language for specific purposes class, in activities developing vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation, language use, culture, and reading comprehension. By using some techniques, teachers can benefit from this resource in class and instruct their students about how to choose and use a dictionary properly. We offer some suggestions of activities to be performed both in private classes (one-to-one and with groups of professionals with specific purposes.

  2. La naturaleza como contraseña del comportamiento moral en Lucrecio

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    Ramón Román Alcalá

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Voy a intentar probar que en Lucrecio la naturaleza actúa como elemento clave para todo su sistema. Con una lógica coherente el poeta demuestra que la naturaleza como principio de realidad está sustentando, primero la creación del cosmos como principio material, segundo, el desarrollo de la raza humana, como principio antropológico y, por último, la acción y la conducta humana como principio moral. La naturaleza es, así, una marca para la comprensión del cosmos, una clave para el conocimiento de la humanidad y una contraseña que activa el comportamiento moral.

  3. Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Lavandula angustifolia to Salinity Under Mineral Foliar Application

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chrysargyris, Antonios; Michailidi, Evgenia; Tzortzakis, Nikos

    2018-01-01

    Saline water has been proposed as a solution to partially cover plant water demands due to scarcity of irrigation water in hot arid areas. Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) plants were grown hydroponically under salinity (0–25–50–100 mM NaCl). The overcome of salinity stress was examined by K, Zn, and Si foliar application for the plant physiological and biochemical characteristics. The present study indicated that high (100 mM NaCl) salinity decreased plant growth, content of phenolics and antioxidant status and essential oil (EO) yield, while low-moderate salinity levels maintained the volatile oil profile in lavender. The integrated foliar application of K and Zn lighten the presumable detrimental effects of salinity in terms of fresh biomass, antioxidant capacity, and EO yield. Moderate salinity stress along with balanced concentration of K though foliar application changed the primary metabolites pathways in favor of major volatile oil constituents biosynthesis and therefore lavender plant has the potential for cultivation under prevalent semi-saline conditions. Zn and Si application, had lesser effects on the content of EO constituents, even though altered salinity induced changings. Our results have demonstrated that lavender growth/development and EO production may be affected by saline levels, whereas mechanisms for alteration of induced stress are of great significance considering the importance of the oil composition, as well. PMID:29731759

  4. Lavandula angustifolia extract improves deteriorated synaptic plasticity in an animal model of Alzheimer's disease.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Soheili, Masoud; Tavirani, Mostafa Rezaei; Salami, Mahmoud

    2015-11-01

    Neurodegenerative Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with profound deficits in synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity. Long-term potentiation (LTP), an experimental form of synaptic plasticity, is intensively examined in hippocampus. In this study we evaluated the effect of aqueous extract of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) on induction of LTP in the CA1 area of hippocampus. In response to stimulation of the Schaffer collaterals the baseline or tetanized field extracellular postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) were recorded in the CA1 area. The electrophysiological recordings were carried out in four groups of rats; two control groups including the vehicle (CON) and lavender (CE) treated rats and two Alzheimeric groups including the vehicle (ALZ) and lavender (AE) treated animals. The extract inefficiently affected the baseline responses in the four testing groups. While the fEPSPs displayed a considerable LTP in the CON animals, no potentiation was evident in the tetanized responses in the ALZ rats. The herbal medicine effectively restored LTP in the AE group and further potentiated fEPSPs in the CE group. The positive effect of the lavender extract on the plasticity of synaptic transmission supports its previously reported behavioral effects on improvement of impaired spatial memory in the Alzheimeric animals.

  5. Impact of gamma radiations on phytochemistry of senna, Cassia angustifolia Vahl

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Arora, Sunita; Vyas, Monika

    2012-01-01

    Cassia angustifolia (senna) is native to India, and is cultivated mainly in India and Pakistan. The parts of this plant used medicinally are the leaves Senna is also known by the names Alexandrian Senna and and the pods. The leaves have a purging quality, but afterwards may have a binding effect. Both the leaves and pods are used in many over-the-counter pharmaceutical laxative preparations. People in northern Africa and southwestern Asia have used Senna as a natural laxative for centuries. Senna is a powerful cathartic used primarily in the treatment of constipation, working through a stimulation of intestinal peristalsis. The primary chemical Constituents of Senna include anthraquinone glycosides (sennosides, aloe-emodin, rhein), beta-sitosterol, flavones, tartaric acid, mucin, essential oil, mucilage, tannin and resin. The sennosides are irritating to the large intestine lining, causing peristaltic action and bowel evacuation. Senna is often combined with aromatic, carminative herbs such as cardamom, ginger root, peppermint and fennel to increase its palatability. Other historical applications of this herb have included support for inflammatory skin conditions, hypertension and weight control. Although the biological effects of large doses of ionizing radiation are predominantly harmful, low-to-intermediate doses have been observed to enhance growth and survival, augment the immune response, and increase resistance to the mutagenic and clastogenic effects of further irradiation in plants, bacteria, insects, and mammals. The existence of these stimulatory, or adaptive responses implies that the dose-response relationships for genetic and carcinogenic effects of radiation may be similarly biphasic or hermetic in nature. The leaflets of this plant constitute the principal raw material, is an excellent source of sennosides. To investigate the effect of mutagenic treatments on phytochemical characteristics, the dry seeds of senna were treated with different doses of

  6. Fabrication and Characterization of Sansevieria trifasciata, Pandanus amaryllifolius and Cassia angustifolia as Photosensitizer for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cari; Supriyanto, Agus; Fadli, Ulfa Mahfudli; Prasada, Ashari Bayu

    2016-01-01

    Dye sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) is one of the electric cells photochemical consisting of photoelectrode, dye, counter electrode, and electrolyte. The aims of the research to determine of the optical and electrical characteristic of the extract Sansevieria trifasciata, Pandanus amaryllifolius, and Cassia angustifolia. The study is also aimed to determine the effect of natural dyes extract to increase the efficiency of solar cells based DSSC. Sandwich structures formed in the sample consisted of working electrode pair Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) and the counter electrode platinum (Pt). Dye extraction process is performed by stirring for 1 hour and then allowed to stand for 24 hours. Absorbance test is measure by using UV-Vis spectrophotometer Lambda 25, conductivity test by using a two-point probes Elkahfi 100, and characterization of current and voltage (I-V) by using a Keithley 2602A. The results showed that the greatest efficiency of 0.160% at Dye Pandanus amaryllifolius. (paper)

  7. Fabrication and Characterization of Sansevieria trifasciata, Pandanus amaryllifolius and Cassia angustifolia as Photosensitizer for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cari; Supriyanto, Agus; Mahfudli Fadli, Ulfa; Bayu Prasada, Ashari

    2016-04-01

    Dye sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) is one of the electric cells photochemical consisting of photoelectrode, dye, counter electrode, and electrolyte. The aims of the research to determine of the optical and electrical characteristic of the extract Sansevieria trifasciata, Pandanus amaryllifolius, and Cassia angustifolia. The study is also aimed to determine the effect of natural dyes extract to increase the efficiency of solar cells based DSSC. Sandwich structures formed in the sample consisted of working electrode pair Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and the counter electrode platinum (Pt). Dye extraction process is performed by stirring for 1 hour and then allowed to stand for 24 hours. Absorbance test is measure by using UV-Vis spectrophotometer Lambda 25, conductivity test by using a two-point probes Elkahfi 100, and characterization of current and voltage (I-V) by using a Keithley 2602A. The results showed that the greatest efficiency of 0.160% at Dye Pandanus amaryllifolius.

  8. Summary of some studies on Kalmia angustifolia L.: A problem species in newfoundland forestry. Information report No. N-X-296

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Titus, B D; Sidhu, S S; Mallik, A U

    1996-12-31

    The shrub known as sheep laurel or lambkill (Kalmia angustifolia L.) is commonly found as an understory component of black spruce forests, and can proliferate rapidly after stand disturbances. Subsequent regeneration and growth of spruce on Kalmia-dominated sites is often poor, and a greater understanding of the ecology of Kalmia and its interactions with black spruce is required for the management of such sites. This report reviews a series of field, greenhouse, and laboratory studies on the biology of Kalmia. It describes the phytological associations of the shrub in Newfoundland, its method of reproduction and propagation, seed germination requirements, soil requirements for adequate regeneration, and histology. Study results reported include the factors inhibiting black spruce growth by Kalmia and the response of Kalmia to control treatments. The report concludes with silvicultural recommendations to address the Kalmia problem.

  9. Cloning and functional characterization of β-phellandrene synthase from Lavandula angustifolia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Demissie, Zerihun A; Sarker, Lukman S; Mahmoud, Soheil S

    2011-04-01

    En route to building genomics resources for Lavandula, we have obtained over 14,000 ESTs for leaves and flowers of L. angustifolia, a major essential oil crop, and identified a number of previously uncharacterized terpene synthase (TPS) genes. Here we report the cloning, expression in E. coli, and functional characterization of β-phellandrene synthase, LaβPHLS. The ORF--excluding the transit peptide--for this gene encoded a 62.3 kDa protein that contained all conserved motifs present in plant TPSs. Expression in bacteria resulted in the production of a soluble protein that was purified by Ni-NTA agarose affinity chromatography. While the recombinant LaβPHLS did not utilize FPP as a substrate, it converted GPP (the preferred substrate) and NPP into β-phellandrene as the major product, with K (m) and k (cat) of 6.55 μM and 1.75 × 10(-2) s(-1), respectively, for GPP. The LaβPHLS transcripts were highly abundant in young leaves where β-phellandrene is produced, but were barely detectable in flowers and older leaves, where β-phellandrene is not synthesized in significant quantities. This data indicate that β-phellandrene biosynthesis is transcriptionally and developmentally regulated. We also cloned and expressed in E. coli a second TPS-like protein, LaTPS-I, that lacks an internal stretch of 73 amino acids, including the signature DDxxD divalent metal binding motif, compared to other plant TPSs. The recombinant LaTPS-I did not produce detectable products in vitro when assayed with GPP, NPP or FPP as substrates. The lack of activity is most likely due to the absence of catalytically important amino acid residues within the missing region.

  10. Effect of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) and melissa (Melissa Officinalis) waste on quality and shelf life of bread.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vasileva, Ivelina; Denkova, Rositsa; Chochkov, Rosen; Teneva, Desislava; Denkova, Zapryana; Dessev, Tzvetelin; Denev, Petko; Slavov, Anton

    2018-07-01

    The effect of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) and melissa (Melissa Officinalis) waste on preparation, characteristics and shelf life of bread was investigated. It was found that lavender and melissa waste, generated yearly in large amounts, were rich on polyphenols (especially rosmarinic acid) and aroma compounds, and exhibited high antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. The bread with 2.5% lavender waste was characterized with the highest loaf volume and loaf specific volume. The total dietary fiber increased three times and the polyphenols and flavonoids increased more than four times for breads with added 5% lavender and melissa waste, compared to control sample. The breads with 2.5% and 5% added lavender waste had increased shelf life (up to 96 h) compared to control, and no fungal or bacterial spoilage was observed during storage at 22 °C, 30 °C and 37 °C for four days. The sensory evaluation demonstrated that the consumers preferred mainly bread with 2.5% lavender waste. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  11. Effects of low doses of gamma irradiation on pine nuts (Araucaria angustifolia)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Modolo, Debora M.; Silva, Lucia A.C.S.; Arthur, Valter, E-mail: dmmodolo@cena.usp.br, E-mail: lcasilva@cena.usp.br, E-mail: arthur@cena.usp.br [Laboratorio de Radiobiologia e Ambiente, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura (CENA/USP), Piracicaba, SP (Brazil); Harder, Marcia N.C.; Arthur, Paula B.; Arthur, Valter [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

    2011-07-01

    The Araucaria angustifolia, is known as the Pinheiro-do-Parana, Brazilian pine, Pine, Pine Tree Monkey, emerges as the main representative of the Rain Forest, also known as Araucaria Forest, part of the Atlantic Forest biome (Decree Law 750/1993). A major problem in implementing this plan is to stand the loss of germination of seeds. The storage conditions of the seeds of species, some time have been the subject of studies by various researchers. Several studies have shown that ionizing radiation can increase the germination rate, to break dormancy and plant production, thus appearing as an alternative method to increase the production of economically important crops. Despite the Hormesis Theory have been confirmed in experiments and observations made over the years, relatively few researchers who are dedicated to the study of this phenomenon. Due to losses of germination of pine nut, the aim of this work was to study the effect of low doses of gamma radiation on pine nut. The seeds were bought locally in the city of Piracicaba and irradiated with 0 (control), 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 10, 12, 5, 15.0 and 17.5 Gy. Subsequently the seeds were planted in a plastic cup containing vermiculite as substrate. Evaluations of the germinated seeds number and measure the size of the plants every 10 days. The results indicated that the dose of 0.25 Gy there was a greater number of plants germinated and irradiation stimulated the growth of these plants. Already a lethal dose of the seeds was 15 Gy. (author)

  12. Effects of low doses of gamma irradiation on pine nuts (Araucaria angustifolia)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Modolo, Debora M.; Silva, Lucia A.C.S.; Arthur, Valter; Harder, Marcia N.C.; Arthur, Paula B.; Arthur, Valter

    2011-01-01

    The Araucaria angustifolia, is known as the Pinheiro-do-Parana, Brazilian pine, Pine, Pine Tree Monkey, emerges as the main representative of the Rain Forest, also known as Araucaria Forest, part of the Atlantic Forest biome (Decree Law 750/1993). A major problem in implementing this plan is to stand the loss of germination of seeds. The storage conditions of the seeds of species, some time have been the subject of studies by various researchers. Several studies have shown that ionizing radiation can increase the germination rate, to break dormancy and plant production, thus appearing as an alternative method to increase the production of economically important crops. Despite the Hormesis Theory have been confirmed in experiments and observations made over the years, relatively few researchers who are dedicated to the study of this phenomenon. Due to losses of germination of pine nut, the aim of this work was to study the effect of low doses of gamma radiation on pine nut. The seeds were bought locally in the city of Piracicaba and irradiated with 0 (control), 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 10, 12, 5, 15.0 and 17.5 Gy. Subsequently the seeds were planted in a plastic cup containing vermiculite as substrate. Evaluations of the germinated seeds number and measure the size of the plants every 10 days. The results indicated that the dose of 0.25 Gy there was a greater number of plants germinated and irradiation stimulated the growth of these plants. Already a lethal dose of the seeds was 15 Gy. (author)

  13. Isolation of dihydroflavonol 4-reductase cDNA clones from Angelonia x angustifolia and heterologous expression as GST fusion protein in Escherichia coli.

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    Christian Gosch

    Full Text Available Blue Angelonia × angustifolia flowers can show spontaneous mutations resulting in white/blue and white flower colourations. In such a white line, a loss of dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR activity was observed whereas chalcone synthase and flavanone 3-hydroxylase activity remained unchanged. Thus, cloning and characterization of a DFR of Angelonia flowers was carried out for the first time. Two full length DFR cDNA clones, Ang.DFR1 and Ang.DFR2, were obtained from a diploid chimeral white/blue Angelonia × angustifolia which demonstrated a 99% identity in their translated amino acid sequence. In comparison to Ang.DFR2, Ang.DFR1 was shown to contain an extra proline in a proline-rich region at the N-terminus along with two exchanges at the amino acids 12 and 26 in the translated amino acid sequence. The recombinant Ang.DFR2 obtained by heterologous expression in yeast was functionally active catalyzing the NADPH dependent reduction of dihydroquercetin (DHQ and dihydromyricetin (DHM to leucocyanidin and leucomyricetin, respectively. Dihydrokaempferol (DHK in contrast was not accepted as a substrate despite the presence of asparagine in a position assumed to determine DHK acceptance. We show that substrate acceptance testing of DFRs provides biased results for DHM conversion if products are extracted with ethyl acetate. Recombinant Ang.DFR1 was inactive and functional activity could only be restored via exchanges of the amino acids in position 12 and 26 as well as the deletion of the extra proline. E. coli transformation of the pGEX-6P-1 vector harbouring the Ang.DFR2 and heterologous expression in E. coli resulted in functionally active enzymes before and after GST tag removal. Both the GST fusion protein and purified DFR minus the GST tag could be stored at -80°C for several months without loss of enzyme activity and demonstrated identical substrate specificity as the recombinant enzyme obtained from heterologous expression in yeast.

  14. Influence of calcium content of tissue on hyperhydricity and shoot-tip necrosis of in vitro regenerated shoots of Lavandula angustifolia Mill.

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    Marília Pereira Machado

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available In the present study, the effects of two CaCl2.2H2O levels (440 and 1320 mg L-1 and two subcultures were evaluated on in vitro shoots of Lavandula angustifolia cv. Provence Blue. Ca2+ content of the apical, middle and basal portion of shoots was determined. Increasing CaCl2.2H2O level in the culture medium increased tissue Ca2+ content and decreased hyperhydricity. Shoot-tip necrosis also decreased with 1320 mg L-1 CaCl2.2H2O, but it did not occur in the second subculture. The middle and basal portion had higher Ca2+ content than apical portion. In non-hyperhydric tissues, there were smaller and more juxtaposed cells. Scanning electron microscopy of the leaves demonstrated that trichomes from in vitro leaf surface occurred in smaller quantities.

  15. Dynamic of biochemical soil properties in rainfed agave angustifolia haw. fields in semiard zone

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cruz, A. B.; Cervantes, T. L.; Pacheco, R. P.; Martinez, M. D. L. R.; Perez, A. B.

    2015-01-01

    This study determined (a) the activity of the selected enzymes of C (invertase and cellulase), N (urease), P (acid phosphatase, AcP and alkaline phosphatase, AlkP) cycling, as well as soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) in the rhizosphere of Agave angustifolia Haw. (maguey espadin) cultivated in valley, hill and mountain soils in Tlacolula, Oaxaca (Mexico), and (b) changes in selected biochemical soil properties associated with seasonality and plant age. Three maguey espadin plantations with two replicates per topography were selected. Rhizosphere soil sampling was carried out for one year. AcP and urease activities were highest in mountain sites. AlkP and cellulase activities were highest in hill and mountain sites. Invertase activity and SMBC were not different among sites. Phosphatase activity showed no temporal changes. Cellulase and invertase activities were highest in December; maximum urease activity was in October and February. SMBC was highest in August. AcP activity was highest in 0-2 years old plants. AlkP activity and SMBC were highest in 2.1-4 years old plants. Urease, cellulase and invertase activity was not affected by plant age. Significant effects for the site*seasonality*plant age interaction suggest that biochemical soil properties were influenced by site. Mountain soils displayed the highest enzyme activity, which can accelerate soil organic matter turnover and contribute to the longterm sustainability of maguey espadin cropping under rainfed conditions. (author)

  16. Exploring Pharmacological Mechanisms of Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Essential Oil on Central Nervous System Targets

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    Víctor López

    2017-05-01

    Full Text Available Lavender essential oil is traditionally used and approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA as herbal medicine to relieve stress and anxiety. Some animal and clinical studies reveal positive results in models of anxiety and depression although very little research has been done on molecular mechanisms. Our work consisted of evaluating the effects of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia essential oil on central nervous system well-established targets, such as MAO-A, SERT, GABAAand NMDA receptors as well as in vitro models of neurotoxicity. The results showed that lavender essential oil and its main components exert affinity for the glutamate NMDA-receptor in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 0.04 μl/mL for lavender oil. In addition, lavender and linalool were also able to bind the serotonin transporter (SERT whereas they did not show affinity for GABAA-benzodiazepine receptor. In three different models of neurotoxicity, lavender did not enhance the neurotoxic insult and improved viability of SH-SY5Y cells treated with hydrogen peroxide. According to our data, the anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects attributed to lavender may be due to an antagonism on the NMDA-receptor and inhibition of SERT. This study suggests that lavender essential oil may exert pharmacological properties via modulating the NMDA receptor, the SERT as well as neurotoxicity induced by hydrogen peroxide.

  17. Exploring Pharmacological Mechanisms of Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) Essential Oil on Central Nervous System Targets

    Science.gov (United States)

    López, Víctor; Nielsen, Birgitte; Solas, Maite; Ramírez, Maria J.; Jäger, Anna K.

    2017-01-01

    Lavender essential oil is traditionally used and approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) as herbal medicine to relieve stress and anxiety. Some animal and clinical studies reveal positive results in models of anxiety and depression although very little research has been done on molecular mechanisms. Our work consisted of evaluating the effects of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) essential oil on central nervous system well-established targets, such as MAO-A, SERT, GABAAand NMDA receptors as well as in vitro models of neurotoxicity. The results showed that lavender essential oil and its main components exert affinity for the glutamate NMDA-receptor in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 0.04 μl/mL for lavender oil. In addition, lavender and linalool were also able to bind the serotonin transporter (SERT) whereas they did not show affinity for GABAA-benzodiazepine receptor. In three different models of neurotoxicity, lavender did not enhance the neurotoxic insult and improved viability of SH-SY5Y cells treated with hydrogen peroxide. According to our data, the anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects attributed to lavender may be due to an antagonism on the NMDA-receptor and inhibition of SERT. This study suggests that lavender essential oil may exert pharmacological properties via modulating the NMDA receptor, the SERT as well as neurotoxicity induced by hydrogen peroxide. PMID:28579958

  18. Effect of phosphate solubilizing bacteria on the growth of Agave angustifolia Haw (Maguey Espadin)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cruz, A.B.; Gutierrez, G.M.

    2015-01-01

    Experiments were conducted to evaluate the potential effects of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) on the growth of maguey espadin (Agave angustifolia Haw.). A total of nine strains of PSB, previously isolated in the maguey rhizosphere and identified as PSBVa, PSBVb, PSBVf, PSBHa, PSBHc, PSBHd, PSBMg, PSBMh and PSBMi were tested on maguey plants grown in phosphorus-deficient sterilized and unsterilized soils of three sites where maguey is grown (valley, hill and mountain) under greenhouse conditions. Aerial dry weight and the total weight of maguey plants inoculated with PSBMh in unsterile mountain soil increased by 12.14% and 10.99% respectively, compared with the uninoculated control. Total root dry weight increased by 17.85% with PSBMh in sterile mountain soils and by 11.64% with PSBMg in unsterile mountain soils, with respect to the uninoculated sterile and unsterile control respectively. Plant stem diameter increased by 13.61% with PSBVb in unsterile valley soil, compared to the uninoculated control. Root length was 56.84% higher with PSBMi in unsterile mountain soils than the uninoculated control. Plant leaf number increased by 35% with PSBHd in unsterile hill soil, with respect to the uninoculated control. In all treatments, the available phosphorus at harvest was higher than pre-planting levels. This study suggests that isolated PSBMh, PSBMg and PSBMi are the most efficient biofertilizers for maguey espadin cultivation. (author)

  19. La guadua: fundamentos para el diseño de estructuras agropecuarias

    OpenAIRE

    Osorio Saraz, Jairo Alexander; González Castrillón, Eugenia; Cortés Marín, Elkin Alonso

    2010-01-01

    Resumen: la guadua (Guadua angustifolia Kunth), el bambú de América, ha influenciado el desarrollo de la cultura colombiana, principalmente en la Región Andina y de manera particular en el Eje cafetero, a través de su aprovechamiento en todo tipo de usos tales como vivienda, muebles, instrumentos musicales, conducción de agua, puentes, jaulas, y, en fin, en un sinnúmero de utensilios y espacios tan amplios como la necesidad y la imaginación lo han permitido. En los últimos años, la guadua ha ...

  20. Estudio del uso del lodo residual de la empresa Extralum S. A. como material alternativo en la fabricación de cementos especiales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maricruz Vargas Camareno

    2006-05-01

    Full Text Available La empresa Extralum S. A. es una industria dedicada a la manufactura de aluminio crudo, anodizado y laqueado para uso arquitectónico. En su proceso de tratamiento de aguas residuales, genera alrededor de 90 toneladas al mes de un sólido blanco, el cual ya ha sido caracterizado, y se encontró que es rico en óxidos de aluminio hidratados; en la actualidad este material es desechado en rellenos sanitarios. Considerando que el cemento es un producto con demanda creciente, que para su producción requiere altos consumos de energía, cualquier avance que se realice para disminuir el consumo energético,tiene importantes beneficios económicos y ambientales. Dentro de las soluciones posibles, se encuentra la utilización de materiales alternativos que pueden ser utilizados como materias primas o materiales cementosos de reemplazo parcial o total del cemento Pórtland. Las pruebas realizadas a las diferentes mezclas demuestran que el lodo incorporado al cemento como relleno, modifica sus características iniciales, acelerando los tiempos de fragua, aumentando la porosidad del material, condición que afectó, negativamente, la resistencia del cemento, pero aumentó su capacidad aislante.

  1. Chemical composition, antischistosomal and cytotoxic effects of the essential oil of Lavandula angustifolia grown in Southeastern Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    André L.L. Mantovani

    Full Text Available This paper reports on the chemical composition, the in vitroantischistosomal effects, and the cytotoxicity of the essential oil from the leaves of Lavandula angustifolia Mill., Lamiaceae, grown in the Southeastern Brazil. Borneol (22.4%, epi-α-muurolol (13.4%, α-bisabolol (13.1%, precocene I (13.0%, and eucalyptol (7.9% were the major essential oil constituents. Incubation with essential oil at 200 μg/ml killed all the adult S. mansoni worms after 24 h (LC50117.7 and 103.9 μg/ml at 24 and 120 h of incubation, respectively. At a concentration of 50 μg/ ml, the essential oil significantly decreased the motor activity and reduced the percentage of egg development after 120 h. In addition, the essential oil separated all the coupled S. mansoni worm pairs into individual male and female at 25 and 50 μg/ml within 120 and 24 h, respectively. This oil was cytotoxic to GM07492-A cells at only concentrations higher than 200 µg/ml (IC50243.7 µg/ml. These data indicate that LA-EO exhibits moderate in vitro activity against adult S. mansoniand exerts remarkable effects on eggs development.

  2. El bambú como elemento estructural: la especie Guadua Amplexifolia

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    María Teresa Sánchez Medrano

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available El uso de cualquier material como elemento estructural exige fundamentalmente del conocimiento de sus propiedades físico-mecánicas, con el objeto de conocer y aprovechar al máximo estas propiedades y/o descartarlo si no es considerado conveniente. Este trabajo presenta los resultados obtenidos del estudio del comportamiento físico-mecánico del bambú de la especie Guadua amplexifolia que crece endémicamente al norte del estado de Veracruz, México. Se utilizaron 100 culmos con longitud promedio de 5.5 m., respetándose los métodos de corte y sazonado tradicionales. Este estudio se apoyó en metodologías empleadas por las fuentes consultadas y en las propuestas de Normas de la Red Internacional del Bambú y del Ratán, tanto para propiedades físicas como mecánicas tales como pruebas a la compresión, tensión, y cortante paralelo a la fibra y flexión. Como baremo se tomaron los resultados obtenidos para la misma especie que crece en Monte Blanco, Veracruz, del estudio de (Ordoñez, 1999. Se obtuvieron valores promedio de los Esfuerzos últimos de falla para Compresión, Cortante y Tensión paralela a la fibra así como para Flexión perpendicular a la fibra. Se comparó con el baremo y los registros obtenidos resultaron similares, observándose una muy pequeña variación en los resultados posiblemente a consecuencia de la anisotropía del material, ubicación geográfica y edad de los culmos. Para la prueba de Compresión paralela a la fibra, se presentaron fallas por cortante longitudinal, esto debido a la constitución de las fibras del material, tensión diagonal y en un muy bajo porcentaje se presentó aplastamiento en las caras y paredes de la probeta. Para la prueba de Cortante, se presentaron fallas por cortante longitudinal, claramente visibles debido a la constitución de las fibras del material con un desplazamiento considerable de las paredes de la probeta y en un porcentaje menor se presentó falla por cortante diagonal

  3. ANGUSTIFOLIA, a Plant Homolog of CtBP/BARS Localizes to Stress Granules and Regulates Their Formation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hemal Bhasin

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available The ANGUSTIFOLIA (AN gene in Arabidopsis is important for a plethora of morphological phenotypes. Recently, AN was also reported to be involved in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. It encodes a homolog of the animal C-terminal binding proteins (CtBPs. In contrast to animal CtBPs, AN does not appear to function as a transcriptional co-repressor and instead functions outside nucleus where it might be involved in Golgi-associated membrane trafficking. In this study, we report a novel and unexplored role of AN as a component of stress granules (SGs. Interaction studies identified several RNA binding proteins that are associated with AN. AN co-localizes with several messenger ribonucleoprotein granule markers to SGs in a stress dependent manner. an mutants exhibit an altered SG formation. We provide evidence that the NAD(H binding domain of AN is relevant in this context as proteins carrying mutations in this domain localize to a much higher degree to SGs and strongly reduce AN dimerization and its interaction with one interactor but not the others. Finally, we show that AN is a negative regulator of salt and osmotic stress responses in Arabidopsis suggesting a functional relevance in SGs.

  4. El CO2 como disolvente y como reactivo

    OpenAIRE

    La Franca Pitarresi, Vincenzo Rosario

    2016-01-01

    Existen numerosas ventajas asociada con el uso de CO2 , tanto como disolvente que como reactivo, y todas se pueden resumir en cuatro categorías generales: beneficios ambiental, beneficios de salud y seguridad, beneficios en el procedimiento y beneficios químicos. Los procesos que implican el CO2 como disolvente no aumentaría las emisiones de CO2, más bien proporcionaría una oportunidad para el reciclaje de CO2 residual. Además, los esfuerzos para secuestrar el CO2 producido de los gases de co...

  5. El material didáctico expuesto en clase como instrumento de Educación para la Paz

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Martha Esthela Gómez Collado

    2014-05-01

    Full Text Available La educación tradicional utiliza con mayor frecuencia en el aula de clases el pizarrón y la exposición oral, pero en la época actual caracterizada por grandes avances tecnológicos, los profesores recurrimos a materiales didácticos que sirven de apoyo a la docencia. Por ello, consideramos importante conocer a través de una encuesta la percepción de los estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales de la UAEMéx. la utilidad y pertinencia de estos materiales empleados para exposiciones en clase; a fin de determinar cuáles son los que contribuyen al cumplimiento de los objetivos planeados y favorecen el aprendizaje de los estudiantes, tales como: power point, prezi, flash, fotografías digitales, Podcast, programas de radio y televisión, grabaciones, canciones, videos, documentales, películas, reportajes, blogs, redes sociales, páginas web, ejercicios en línea. Los resultados y conclusiones más importantes fueron identificar las opciones con mayor aceptación y reproducción en el salón de clase, para así diseñarlos o modificarlos a efecto de mejorar la transmisión del conocimiento y con ello elevar la calidad educativa. Además, los profesores utilizamos mucho el power point en las exposiciones y es fundamental el diálogo entre profesores y alumnos para crear mejor material didáctico como instrumento de educación para la paz.

  6. Next Generation Sequencing and Transcriptome Analysis Predicts Biosynthetic Pathway of Sennosides from Senna (Cassia angustifolia Vahl., a Non-Model Plant with Potent Laxative Properties.

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    Nagaraja Reddy Rama Reddy

    Full Text Available Senna (Cassia angustifolia Vahl. is a world's natural laxative medicinal plant. Laxative properties are due to sennosides (anthraquinone glycosides natural products. However, little genetic information is available for this species, especially concerning the biosynthetic pathways of sennosides. We present here the transcriptome sequencing of young and mature leaf tissue of Cassia angustifolia using Illumina MiSeq platform that resulted in a total of 6.34 Gb of raw nucleotide sequence. The sequence assembly resulted in 42230 and 37174 transcripts with an average length of 1119 bp and 1467 bp for young and mature leaf, respectively. The transcripts were annotated using NCBI BLAST with 'green plant database (txid 33090', Swiss Prot, Kyoto Encylcopedia of Genes & Genomes (KEGG, Cluster of Orthologous Gene (COG and Gene Ontology (GO. Out of the total transcripts, 40138 (95.0% and 36349 (97.7% from young and mature leaf, respectively, were annotated by BLASTX against green plant database of NCBI. We used InterProscan to see protein similarity at domain level, a total of 34031 (young leaf and 32077 (mature leaf transcripts were annotated against the Pfam domains. All transcripts from young and mature leaf were assigned to 191 KEGG pathways. There were 166 and 159 CDS, respectively, from young and mature leaf involved in metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides. Many CDS encoding enzymes leading to biosynthesis of sennosides were identified. A total of 10,763 CDS differentially expressing in both young and mature leaf libraries of which 2,343 (21.7% CDS were up-regulated in young compared to mature leaf. Several differentially expressed genes found functionally associated with sennoside biosynthesis. CDS encoding for many CYPs and TF families were identified having probable roles in metabolism of primary as well as secondary metabolites. We developed SSR markers for molecular breeding of senna. We have identified a set of putative genes involved in

  7. Next Generation Sequencing and Transcriptome Analysis Predicts Biosynthetic Pathway of Sennosides from Senna (Cassia angustifolia Vahl.), a Non-Model Plant with Potent Laxative Properties.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rama Reddy, Nagaraja Reddy; Mehta, Rucha Harishbhai; Soni, Palak Harendrabhai; Makasana, Jayanti; Gajbhiye, Narendra Athamaram; Ponnuchamy, Manivel; Kumar, Jitendra

    2015-01-01

    Senna (Cassia angustifolia Vahl.) is a world's natural laxative medicinal plant. Laxative properties are due to sennosides (anthraquinone glycosides) natural products. However, little genetic information is available for this species, especially concerning the biosynthetic pathways of sennosides. We present here the transcriptome sequencing of young and mature leaf tissue of Cassia angustifolia using Illumina MiSeq platform that resulted in a total of 6.34 Gb of raw nucleotide sequence. The sequence assembly resulted in 42230 and 37174 transcripts with an average length of 1119 bp and 1467 bp for young and mature leaf, respectively. The transcripts were annotated using NCBI BLAST with 'green plant database (txid 33090)', Swiss Prot, Kyoto Encylcopedia of Genes & Genomes (KEGG), Cluster of Orthologous Gene (COG) and Gene Ontology (GO). Out of the total transcripts, 40138 (95.0%) and 36349 (97.7%) from young and mature leaf, respectively, were annotated by BLASTX against green plant database of NCBI. We used InterProscan to see protein similarity at domain level, a total of 34031 (young leaf) and 32077 (mature leaf) transcripts were annotated against the Pfam domains. All transcripts from young and mature leaf were assigned to 191 KEGG pathways. There were 166 and 159 CDS, respectively, from young and mature leaf involved in metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides. Many CDS encoding enzymes leading to biosynthesis of sennosides were identified. A total of 10,763 CDS differentially expressing in both young and mature leaf libraries of which 2,343 (21.7%) CDS were up-regulated in young compared to mature leaf. Several differentially expressed genes found functionally associated with sennoside biosynthesis. CDS encoding for many CYPs and TF families were identified having probable roles in metabolism of primary as well as secondary metabolites. We developed SSR markers for molecular breeding of senna. We have identified a set of putative genes involved in various

  8. Carolee Schneemann. El cine como autobiografía, la artista como actriz, el cuerpo como pincel

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Barbaño González-Moreno

    2017-10-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo analiza la relación de cine y mujer a partir de la obra fílmica de Carolee Schneemann, principalmente de su obra autobiográfica Fuses (1964-1966. Desde ella, se plantea el papel de la artista como productora, directora y protagonista principal de todas sus obras. Reflexionamos así sobre el rol del creador-director como actor que derivaría en la consecución de una obra cinematográfica de tintes necesariamente autobiográficos. Asumiendo la visión vanguardista del cine como diario personal/Entendido el cine como diario personal, Schneemann va a explorar en su obra diferentes aspectos de la identidad y la sexualidad de la mujer en un cine artístico, alternativo y de tendencia política feminista. Entendido/Asumido su cine como elemento plástico, la artista explorará de forma paralela la experimentación matérica y física a través de los cuerpos filmados así como de la propia materialidad de la película, excluyendo toda posibilidad narrativa, dramática e ilusoria de proyección del espectador en el espacio cinematográfico y el espacio privado del creador.

  9. Mineralização do nitrogênio incorporado como material vegetal em três solos da Amazônia Central

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    S.S. Alfaia

    1997-09-01

    Full Text Available A mineralização do N proveniente do resíduo de feijão-caupi marcado com 15N foi estudada em condições de laboratório de setembro a dezembro de 1992. O material vegetal foi incorporado em amostras dos três principais solos da Amazônia Central: dois de terra firme, classificados como latossolo amarelo e podzólico vermelho-amarelo, e um de várzea, classificado como glei pouco húmico (GP. As variações nos teores e na forma de N mineral provenientes do resíduo de caupi foram relacionadas com as características químicas dos solos estudados. No latossolo e no podzólico, a incorporação do resíduo de caupi aumentou significativamente a mineralização do N, sendo a forma amoniacal predominante, enquanto, no GP, a forma nítrica preponderou. Nos solos de terra firme, a incorporação do resíduo de caupi aumentou a mineralização do N orgânico do solo, indicando a ocorrência do efeito "priming". Após 60 dias de incubação, cerca de 30 (podzólico a 40% (latossolo do N proveniente do caupi foi mineralizado nos solos de terra firme, enquanto no de várzea somente 18% foi mineralizado nesse período. Tais resultados mostram o potencial que essa leguminosa apresenta como fornecedora de N para as plantas nos solos de terra firme da Amazônia Central.

  10. Spatially Different Tissue-Scale Diffusivity Shapes ANGUSTIFOLIA3 Gradient in Growing Leaves.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kawade, Kensuke; Tanimoto, Hirokazu; Horiguchi, Gorou; Tsukaya, Hirokazu

    2017-09-05

    The spatial gradient of signaling molecules is pivotal for establishing developmental patterns of multicellular organisms. It has long been proposed that these gradients could arise from the pure diffusion process of signaling molecules between cells, but whether this simplest mechanism establishes the formation of the tissue-scale gradient remains unclear. Plasmodesmata are unique channel structures in plants that connect neighboring cells for molecular transport. In this study, we measured cellular- and tissue-scale kinetics of molecular transport through plasmodesmata in Arabidopsis thaliana developing leaf primordia by fluorescence recovery assays. These trans-scale measurements revealed biophysical properties of diffusive molecular transport through plasmodesmata and revealed that the tissue-scale diffusivity, but not the cellular-scale diffusivity, is spatially different along the leaf proximal-to-distal axis. We found that the gradient in cell size along the developmental axis underlies this spatially different tissue-scale diffusivity. We then asked how this diffusion-based framework functions in establishing a signaling gradient of endogenous molecules. ANGUSTIFOLIA3 (AN3) is a transcriptional co-activator, and as we have shown here, it forms a long-range signaling gradient along the leaf proximal-to-distal axis to determine a cell-proliferation domain. By genetically engineering AN3 mobility, we assessed each contribution of cell-to-cell movement and tissue growth to the distribution of the AN3 gradient. We constructed a diffusion-based theoretical model using these quantitative data to analyze the AN3 gradient formation and demonstrated that it could be achieved solely by the diffusive molecular transport in a growing tissue. Our results indicate that the spatially different tissue-scale diffusivity is a core mechanism for AN3 gradient formation. This provides evidence that the pure diffusion process establishes the formation of the long-range signaling

  11. Obtención de fibras policristalinas de b-Ca3(PO42 para su empleo como material de relleno en procesos de reparación ósea

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Guitián-Rivera, F.

    2007-04-01

    Full Text Available b-TCP is a calcium phosphate ceramic widely employed by orthopaedic restorative surgery as a filler material in bone healing processes, due to its great osteoconductive capacity and great resorption rates. This material is available in several forms such as powders, dense and porous blocks, etc, depending on the pathology and the osseous defect to be treated. As an alternative to the b-TCP forms already available in the market, this work describes how to produce polycrystalline fibres by extruding plastic mixtures prepared with b-TCP powders, methyl cellulose (MC and water. The rheology of the mixtures was studied versus time and frequency. The obtained fibres have different sizes and characteristics upon to the composition and rheology of the mixtures. The obtained diameters are between 150 μm and 350 μm. Finally, it has been prepared biphasic composites b-TCP/Hidroxylapatite (HA with controlled microstructure, by employing the obtained fibres.El b-Ca3(PO42 (b-TCP es un fosfato cálcico ampliamente empleado como material de relleno por la cirugía ortopédico restauradora en procesos de curación ósea, debido a su capacidad osteoconductora y alta tasa de biorreabsorción. Se emplea con distintas formas, tales como granulados, piezas compactas, piezas porosas, etc, dependiendo de la patología y el tipo de defecto óseo a tratar. Como alternativa a las formas ya existentes en el mercado, en el presente trabajo se obtuvieron fibras policristalinas de b-TCP por extrusión de masas plásticas preparadas a partir de polvo de b-TCP y metilcelulosa (MC en agua. Se estudió la reología de las pastas y su comportamiento frente al esfuerzo y a la temperatura. Las fibras presentan distintos grosores, y características, que se obtienen variando el diámetro de las boquillas, la composición y la reología de las pastas. Los diámetros obtenidos van desde 350 μm a 150 μm. Finalmente se obtuvieron composites bifásicos b-TCP-Hidroxiapatito con

  12. Empleo de residuos industriales siderúrgicos como materiales aglomerantes en construcción

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mymrin, V. A.

    1998-05-01

    Full Text Available Several ferrous and non ferrous metallurgical wastes, slags, powdered wastes, alcaline liquors, etc., can be used as binding materials to produce new building materials. These materials can be used in place of concretes made of cement, crushed stones, sand and gravel mixtures in several applications, road, industrial and airport foundations, etc. They are leaching resistant, so heavy metals do not migrate to the environment. These new materials, with a new structure, are obtained by mixing in right proportion of two or three industrial wastes or with mixtures of two of them and natural soils without any addition of traditional binders like cement and without heating. The main advantages are the solution of the problem of disposal of industrial wastes and the lower cost of the new materials, 5 to 6 times cheaper than traditional. Several examples of roads existing in Russia, even in Siberia and other northern regions, demonstrate the benefit of this process because after 20 years they still offer a good performance.

    Como materiales aglomerantes, se pueden utilizar diferentes tipos de residuos, tales como escorias, residuos sólidos y líquidos alcalinos procedentes de la industria siderúrgica, así como otras escorias procedentes de los sectores no férreos. Su empleo como nuevos materiales, tales como hormigones pobres, destinados a aplicaciones tales como bases de carreteras, aeropuertos, suelos industriales y presas en sustitución de piedra triturada, arena y grava. Todos estos residuos industriales, perjudiciales para el medio ambiente desde el punto de vista ecológico, se pueden transformar en nuevos materiales estables en los que no ocurre la lixiviación de los materiales pesados que contienen. Los nuevos materiales resultan de la combinación, con la dosificación adecuada, de dos o tres de los residuos industriales mencionados o de la mezcla de algunos con suelos naturales. En la producción de estos nuevos materiales que

  13. Trap and soil monolith sampled edaphic spiders (arachnida: araneae in Araucaria angustifolia forest Aranhas (arachnida: araneae edáficas amostradas por armadilhas e monólitos de solo em florestas com Araucaria angustifolia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dilmar Baretta

    2007-08-01

    Full Text Available Forests with Araucaria angustifolia (Bert. O. Kuntze trees are endangered in Brazil, and information on the diversity of soil spider families associated to these environments is practically inexistent. The present study was set up to evaluate the abundance and diversity of soil spider families in natural and reforested Araucaria forests, impacted or not by fire, and to identify the most efficient method to collect these organisms. The study was conducted in four areas: native forest with predominance of Araucaria (NF; Araucaria reforestation (R; Araucaria reforestation submitted to an accidental fire (RF; and native grass pasture with native Araucaria and submitted to an intense accidental fire (NPF. Considering both sampling methods (Monolith and Pitfall traps, 20 spider families were identified. The pitfall trap method was more effective as it captured 19 out of the 20 recorded families, while the Monolith method extracted only ten spider families. Spider family abundance and Shannon's diversity index (H were affected by the employed collection method; the values for these attributes were always higher for the NF and lower for the NPF. Correspondence analysis (CA showed a spatial separation among spider familiy assemblages from the different studied areas. It is suggested that changes in the abundance of soil spider families in Araucaria forests are mainly caused by recurrent human intervention over the last few years.As florestas com Araucaria angustifolia (Bert. O. Kuntze estão ameaçadas de extinção no Brasil, e são praticamente inexistentes as informações sobre a diversidade de famílias de aranhas de solo associadas nestes ambientes. O estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar, em florestas com araucária naturais e reflorestadas, impactadas ou não pela queima acidental, a abundância e diversidade de famílias de aranhas, além de identificar o método mais eficiente para coletar estes organismos. O estudo foi conduzido em quatro

  14. Biochemical composition and antioxidant properties of Lavandula angustifolia Miller essential oil are shielded by propolis against UV radiations.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gismondi, Angelo; Angelo, Gismondi; Canuti, Lorena; Lorena, Canuti; Grispo, Marta; Marta, Grispo; Canini, Antonella; Antonella, Canini

    2014-01-01

    UV radiations are principal causes of skin cancer and aging. Suntan creams were developed to protect epidermis and derma layers against photodegradation and photooxidation. The addition of antioxidant plant extracts (i.e. essential oil) to sunscreens is habitually performed, to increase their UV protective effects and to contrast pro-radical and cytotoxic compounds present in these solutions. According to these observations, in the present work, the alteration of chemical composition and bioactive properties of Lavandula angustifolia Miller essential oil, exposed to UV light, was investigated. UV induced a significant deterioration of lavender oil biochemical profile. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of this solution, in in vitro tests and directly on B16-F10 melanoma cells, greatly decreased after UV treatment. Our results also showed that essential oil was shielded from UV stress by propolis addition. Even after UV treatment, bee glue highly protected lavender oil secondary metabolites from degradation and also preserved their antiradical properties, both in in vitro antioxidant assays and in cell oxidative damage evaluations. This research proposed propolis as highly efficient UV protective and antiradical additive for sunscreens, cosmetics and alimentary or pharmaceutical products containing plant extracts. © 2013 The American Society of Photobiology.

  15. Comparison of phenolic acids and flavonoids contents in various cultivars and parts of common lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) derived from Poland.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Adaszyńska-Skwirzyńska, M; Dzięcioł, M

    2017-11-01

    The aim of study was to compare the content of phenolic acids and flavonoids in two cultivars of Lavandula angustifolia: 'Blue River' and 'Ellagance Purple', including flowers and leafy stalks. Total phenolics and total flavonoids contents were determined by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The contents of total phenolics in leafy stalks (3.71-4.06 mg g -1 d.m.) were higher than in flowers (1.13-1.14 mg g -1 d.m.). Similarly, higher total contents of flavonoids were determined in leafy stalks (3.41-3.51 mg g -1 d.m.), as compared with flowers (0.86-0.91 mg g -1 d.m.). Phenolic acids and flavonoids were identified and quantified using HPLC and UPLC methods. Three phenolic acids were determined: rosmarinic, ferulic and caffeic acid. Lavender extracts contained also flavonoids from group of apigenin, luteolin and quercetin. Higher amounts of luteolin diglucuronide and luteolin glucuronide were found in leafy stalks in comparison to flowers. Obtained results indicate that leafy stalks of lavender can be also valuable source of antioxidant compounds.

  16. Phytochemical Screening and Biological Activity of Mentha × piperita L. and Lavandula angustifolia Mill. Extracts

    Science.gov (United States)

    Alexa, Ersilia; Radulov, Isidora; Obistioiu, Diana; Sumalan, Renata Maria; Morar, Adriana

    2018-01-01

    The present study aimed to investigate the phytochemical composition of Mentha × piperita L. (MP) and Lavandula angustifolia Mill. (LA) extracts in terms of hydroxycinnamic acid (HCAs) content, in particular, caffeic (CA), p-cumaric (CU), ferulic (FE), and rosmarinic (RS) acids using LC-MS. Also, the in vitro antimicrobial effect against Staphylococcus aureus and the antiproliferative activity against two cancerous cell lines (A375 and MDA-MB-231) using the MTT assay were tested. The extracts were prepared using aromatic water which resulted from the extraction of oils from plants as extraction medium, with/without acid. The results showed that RS and FE represent the majority of HCAs compounds; the highest content of FE is found in LA (7.47 mg·g–1d.m.), and the maximum content of RS in MP (6.36 mg·g–1d.m.). Regarding the antimicrobial effect against Staphylococcus aureus, the two extracts showed a simulative role on the growth rate of Staphyloccocus aureus, but a slightly inhibitory effect (69.12%) can be attributed to the acidic environment. In terms of biological activity against MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cell line, and A375 human melanoma cell line, at the highest employed concentration, 150 μg·mL–1, the tested extracts present a weak antiproliferative effect. PMID:29552454

  17. ANGUSTIFOLIA mediates one of the multiple SCRAMBLED signaling pathways regulating cell growth pattern in Arabidopsis thaliana.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kwak, Su-Hwan; Song, Sang-Kee; Lee, Myeong Min; Schiefelbein, John

    2015-09-25

    In Arabidopsis thaliana, an atypical leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase, SCRAMBLED (SCM), is required for multiple developmental processes including root epidermal cell fate determination, silique dehiscence, inflorescence growth, ovule morphogenesis, and tissue morphology. Previous work suggested that SCM regulates these multiple pathways using distinct mechanisms via interactions with specific downstream factors. ANGUSTIFOLIA (AN) is known to regulate cell and tissue morphogenesis by influencing cortical microtubule arrangement, and recently, the AN protein was reported to interact with the SCM protein. Therefore, we examined whether AN might be responsible for mediating some of the SCM-dependent phenotypes. We discovered that both scm and an mutant lines cause an abnormal spiral or twisting growth of roots, but only the scm mutant affected root epidermal patterning. The siliques of the an and scm mutants also exhibited spiral growth, as previously reported, but only the scm mutant altered silique dehiscence. Interestingly, we discovered that the spiral growth of roots and siliques of the scm mutant is rescued by a truncated SCM protein that lacks its kinase domain, and that a juxtamembrane domain of SCM was sufficient for AN binding in the yeast two-hybrid analysis. These results suggest that the AN protein is one of the critical downstream factors of SCM pathways specifically responsible for mediating its effects on cell/tissue morphogenesis through cortical microtubule arrangement. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  18. Phytochemical Screening and Biological Activity of Mentha × piperita L. and Lavandula angustifolia Mill. Extracts

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ersilia Alexa

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available The present study aimed to investigate the phytochemical composition of Mentha × piperita L. (MP and Lavandula angustifolia Mill. (LA extracts in terms of hydroxycinnamic acid (HCAs content, in particular, caffeic (CA, p-cumaric (CU, ferulic (FE, and rosmarinic (RS acids using LC-MS. Also, the in vitro antimicrobial effect against Staphylococcus aureus and the antiproliferative activity against two cancerous cell lines (A375 and MDA-MB-231 using the MTT assay were tested. The extracts were prepared using aromatic water which resulted from the extraction of oils from plants as extraction medium, with/without acid. The results showed that RS and FE represent the majority of HCAs compounds; the highest content of FE is found in LA (7.47 mg·g–1d.m., and the maximum content of RS in MP (6.36 mg·g–1d.m.. Regarding the antimicrobial effect against Staphylococcus aureus, the two extracts showed a simulative role on the growth rate of Staphyloccocus aureus, but a slightly inhibitory effect (69.12% can be attributed to the acidic environment. In terms of biological activity against MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cell line, and A375 human melanoma cell line, at the highest employed concentration, 150 μg·mL–1, the tested extracts present a weak antiproliferative effect.

  19. Environmental heterogeneity explains the genetic structure of Continental and Mediterranean populations of Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.

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    Martina Temunović

    Full Text Available Tree species with wide distributions often exhibit different levels of genetic structuring correlated to their environment. However, understanding how environmental heterogeneity influences genetic variation is difficult because the effects of gene flow, drift and selection are confounded. We investigated the genetic variation and its ecological correlates in a wind-pollinated Mediterranean tree species, Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl, within a recognised glacial refugium in Croatia. We sampled 11 populations from environmentally divergent habitats within the Continental and Mediterranean biogeographical regions. We combined genetic data analyses based on nuclear microsatellite loci, multivariate statistics on environmental data and ecological niche modelling (ENM. We identified a geographic structure with a high genetic diversity and low differentiation in the Continental region, which contrasted with the significantly lower genetic diversity and higher population divergence in the Mediterranean region. The positive and significant correlation between environmental and genetic distances after controlling for geographic distance suggests an important influence of ecological divergence of the sites in shaping genetic variation. The ENM provided support for niche differentiation between the populations from the Continental and Mediterranean regions, suggesting that contemporary populations may represent two divergent ecotypes. Ecotype differentiation was also supported by multivariate environmental and genetic distance analyses. Our results suggest that despite extensive gene flow in continental areas, long-term stability of heterogeneous environments have likely promoted genetic divergence of ashes in this region and can explain the present-day genetic variation patterns of these ancient populations.

  20. El pixoy como material de conservación de pintura mural y relieves policromos en el área maya The Pixoy Gum as a Conservation Material for Mural Painting and Color Stucco Reliefs in Mayan Area

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ma. Cristina Ruiz Martín

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Ante la problemática que se ha enfrentado en sitios arqueológicos del área maya en la conservación de pintura mural y relieves en estuco policromos que se preservan in situ, se ha buscado en nuevos materiales contrarrestar efectos de deterioro que pueden generar la pérdida de estos bienes. Dentro de los productos utilizados están los extractos vegetales, empleados principalmente como aditivos a morteros de cal y en el caso de Ek'Balam, como consolidante de capas de color. Se ha desarrollado una investigación para evaluar uno de estos materiales, el pixoy (Guazuma ulmifolia, y determinar su efectividad en la conservación arqueológica.Because of the conservation problems of the mural paintings and color stucco reliefs from the archaeological sites of the Mayan area which are preserved in situ, the investigation of new materials that resist deterioration effects have been a very important goal for restorers. One of these products are the vegetables extracts, used like additives for the lime, and in the case of Ek'Balam as fixatives of pictorial layer. This investigation has been developed to evaluate one of these materials, pixoy gum (Guazuma ulmifolia, and to determine its effectiveness in the archaeological conservation.

  1. A genomics resource for investigating regulation of essential oil production in Lavandula angustifolia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lane, Alexander; Boecklemann, Astrid; Woronuk, Grant N; Sarker, Lukman; Mahmoud, Soheil S

    2010-03-01

    We are developing Lavandula angustifolia (lavender) as a model system for investigating molecular regulation of essential oil (a mixture of mono- and sesquiterpenes) production in plants. As an initial step toward building the necessary 'genomics toolbox' for this species, we constructed two cDNA libraries from lavender leaves and flowers, and obtained sequence information for 14,213 high-quality expressed sequence tags (ESTs). Based on homology to sequences present in GenBank, our EST collection contains orthologs for genes involved in the 1-deoxy-D: -xylulose-5-phosphate (DXP) and the mevalonic acid (MVA) pathways of terpenoid biosynthesis, and for known terpene synthases and prenyl transferases. To gain insight into the regulation of terpene metabolism in lavender flowers, we evaluated the transcriptional activity of the genes encoding for 1-deoxy-D: -xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS) and HMG-CoA reductase (HMGR), which represent regulatory steps of the DXP and MVA pathways, respectively, in glandular trichomes (oil glands) by real-time PCR. While HMGR transcripts were barely detectable, DXS was heavily expressed in this tissue, indicating that essential oil constituents are predominantly produced through the DXP pathway in lavender glandular trichomes. As anticipated, the linalool synthase (LinS)-the gene responsible for the production of linalool, a major constituent of lavender essential oil-was also strongly expressed in glands. Surprisingly, the most abundant transcript in floral glandular trichomes corresponded to a sesquiterpene synthase (cadinene synthase, CadS), although sesquiterpenes are minor constituents of lavender essential oils. This result, coupled to the weak activity of the MVA pathway (the main route for sesquiterpene production) in trichomes, indicates that precursor supply may represent a bottleneck in the biosynthesis of sesquiterpenes in lavender flowers.

  2. LAVENDER (LAVANDULA ANGUSTIFOLIA AROMATHERAPY AS AN ALTERNATIVE TREATMENT IN REDUCING PAIN IN PRIMIPAROUS MOTHERS IN THE ACTIVE FIRST STAGE OF LABOR

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hilda Yani Karo Karo

    2017-08-01

    Full Text Available Background: Labor and childbirth is an extremely painful process. Aromatherapy is considered as one of the nonpharmacological methods to reduce labor pain. Objective: To determine the effect of Lavender (Lavandula Angustifolia aromatherapy on the level of pain in primipara in the first stage of labor. Methods: A quasy-experimental research with pretest and posttest design with control group conducted between October until November 2016. Forthy respondents selected using consecutive sampling, which 20 assigned in each group. a Numerical Rating Scale (NRS pain scale was used. Paired and independent t-test were used for data analyses. Results: The results showed that the p-value of labor pain after intervention was 0.000 (<0.05, which indicated that there was statistically mean difference of labor pain between intervention (6.10 and control group (4.05 in primipara in the first active stage of labor. Conclusion: The women in the lavender aromatherapy group reported lower intensity of labor pain. The intervention study could be practiced in the community health centers for pregnant women in order for them to apply this healing method.

  3. Introducir la fracción en el ámbito escolar a través de un material manipulativo como es el Lego

    OpenAIRE

    Sánchez Díaz, Michael

    2017-01-01

    Treball Final de Grau en Mestre o Mestra d'Educació Primària. Codi: MP1040. Curs acadèmic: 2016/2017 Con este trabajo de investigación se quiere proponer una nueva metodología a la hora de enseñar las fracciones en la asignatura de matemáticas en el aula de primaria. El principal objetivo a seguir es que, a través de un material manipulativo como es el lego, los niños sean capaces de aprender las nociones básicas sobre las fracciones haciendo y no escuchando. Para ello, se ha ido recogiend...

  4. Protein Drug Targets of Lavandula angustifolia on treatment of Rat Alzheimer's Disease

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zali, Hakimeh; Zamanian-Azodi, Mona; Rezaei Tavirani, Mostafa; Akbar-zadeh Baghban, Alireza

    2015-01-01

    Different treatment strategies of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are being studied for treating or slowing the progression of AD. Many pharmaceutically important regulation systems operate through proteins as drug targets. Here, we investigate the drug target proteins in beta-amyloid (Aβ) injected rat hippocampus treated with Lavandula angustifolia (LA) by proteomics techniques. The reported study showed that lavender extract (LE) improves the spatial performance in AD animal model by diminishing Aβ production in histopathology of hippocampus, so in this study neuroprotective proteins expressed in Aβ injected rats treated with LE were scrutinized. Rats were divided into three groups including normal, Aβ injected, and Aβ injected that was treated with LE. Protein expression profiles of hippocampus tissue were determined by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) method and dysregulated proteins such as Snca, NF-L, Hspa5, Prdx2, Apoa1, and Atp5a1were identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF. KEGG pathway and gene ontology (GO) categories were used by searching DAVID Bioinformatics Resources. All detected protein spots were used to determine predictedinteractions with other proteins in STRING online database. Different isoforms of important protein, Snca that exhibited neuroprotective effects by anti-apoptotic properties were expressed. NF-L involved in the maintenance of neuronal caliber. Hspa5 likewise Prdx2 displays as anti-apoptotic protein that Prdx2 also involved in the neurotrophic effects. Apoa1 has anti-inflammatory activity and Atp5a1, produces ATP from ADP. To sum up, these proteins as potential drug targets were expressed in hippocampus in response to effective components in LA may have therapeutic properties for the treatment of AD and other neurodegenerative diseases. PMID:25561935

  5. Characterization of structure and development of models to quantify wood potential of an unmanaged Araucaria angustifolia stand

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rafaella De Angeli Curto

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available The objective of this study was to characterize of an unmanaged stand of Araucaria angustifolia and to development of models to quantify the wood potential, aiming to support the development of forest management plans in stands with similar conditions. The work was developed into a stand established in 1946, in National Forest of Açungui, in Campo Largo County, Paraná State, Brazil. There was only one thinning in the stand, between 1970 and 1980. From the frequency of individuals in each diametric class, it was observed the condition of stagnation and competition with cohort in the beginning of class distribution. With the application of the probability density function of Weibull-3P, Trorey model, and the 5th polynomial by diameter class, it was possible to confirm the stock estimative of timber volume of the stand. This analysis indicated that the stand presents average annual wood production smaller than the species potential. So it is recommended the thinning to promote growth of remnant trees. With the probability density function of Weibull-3p, that was selected, it is possible to project the diametric distribution of the stand, when analyzed complementarily with growth diameter information, if the stand remains unmanaged. Certainly, the optimum potential of timber production could have been manifested if the stand were managed during the cycle planed.

  6. Los programas educativos como material didáctico y el aprendizaje significativo en las áreas de comunicación y matemática con niños de 5 años en la Institución Educativa Inicial "San Felipe de las Casas" 593 - Surco

    OpenAIRE

    Flores Aroni, María Ysabel

    2015-01-01

    La presente tesis denominada: Los Programas Educativos como material didáctico y el Aprendizaje Significativo en las áreas de Comunicación y Matemática, con niños de 5 años en la Institución Educativa Inicial “San Felipe de las Casas” 593 – Surco, tiene como propósito examinar y evaluar el uso de los programas educativos como material didáctico, llamados también software educativos, para elevar el aprendizaje significativo de los niños. En el trabajo de investigación se planteó la siguiente h...

  7. The use of a volcanic material as filler in self-compacting concrete production for lower strength applications; Uso de un material volcánico como filler en la producción de hormigones autocompactantes de baja resistencia.

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Burgos, D.; Guzmán, A.; Hossain, K.M.A.; Delvasto, S.

    2017-07-01

    This study evaluates the use of large amounts of fine powders (fillers) derived from a Colombian volcanic material into the production of self-compacting concrete (SCC) for lower strength applications. The effects on SCC properties were studied with the incorporation of up to 50% of volcanic material of Tolima (MVT) as a partial substitute of the total weight of Portland cement. The workability was determined through slump flow, V-funnel, and L-box test. The compressive strength results were analyzed statistically by MINITAB. These demonstrated that 30% (by total weight of cementitious material) was the maximum allowable percentage of MVT to be used in the production of SCCs. Based on this, mechanical and permeability properties of SCC MVT 30% were evaluated at 28, 90 y 360 curing days. SCC MVT 30% exhibited compressive strength of 21 and 27 MPa after 28 and 360 days of curing, respectively. [Spanish] Este trabajo presenta los resultados de utilización de cantidades elevadas de material volcánico colombiano como filler en la producción de hormigón autocompactante (CAC) de baja resistencia. Se estudió el efecto sobre las propiedades de los CACs de la incorporación del material volcánico del Tolima (MVT) hasta en 50% como remplazo parcial del peso total del cementante. La trabajabilidad fue determinada por medio del flujo de asentamiento, embudo V y Caja L. El análisis de resistencia a la compresión por medio de MINITAB demostró que el máximo porcentaje de incorporación de MVT en los CACs es del 30% respecto al peso total de cementante. Con base en esta optimización se evaluaron sus propiedades mecánicas y de permeabilidad a 28, 90 y 360 días de curado. Los resultados demostraron que este CAC MVT 30% presentó resistencias a compresión de 21 y 27 MPa después de 28 y 360 días de curado, respectivamente.

  8. Radiosensitivity of three species of ground orchids (Spathoglottis plicata, S. kimballiana var. angustifolia and S. tomentosa) to acute gamma radiation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gonzales, M.A.; Tapic, R.T.; Aurigue, F.B.

    2008-01-01

    A radiosensitivity study coupled with tissue culture technique was conducted as preliminary to mutation breeding of the three species of ground orchids (Spathoglottis plicata, S.kimballiana var. angustifolia, and S.tomentosa). It aimed to compare the effect of dose levels of gamma radiation applied to the germinated embryos (protocorms) of the three species. Also, it sought to determine the lethal dose and optimum dose of gamma radiation on the three species. The protocorms of the three species were irradiated at 10 Gy, 20 Gy, 30 Gy, 40 Gy, and 50 Gy dose level of gamma radiation. The three species have varied radiosensitivity as affected by their individual phenotype. Results showed that as the dose level and ministered increases, percent mortality of seedlings also increases whereas, the seedlings height, number of roots and root length decreased. However, there was an increase in the number of leaves at 10 and 20 Gy dose levels due to the emergence of furcations, but further increase in the dose levels of radiation decreased the number of leaves. Furthermore, some qualitative characters such as albinism, pigmentation, forked leaves, furcations, and multiple branching came out as responses to gamma irradiation

  9. Observaciones cariológicas en Vicia amphicarpa sensu lato

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tardío Pato, F. Javier

    1998-12-01

    Full Text Available Cytological studies were carried out on twenty four amphicarpic wild populations of Vicia sativa group from different sites (19 from Spain, 4 from Syria and 1 from Turkey. Morphologically, 19 accessions can be attributed to taxon Dorthes and 5 to V. angustifolia subsp. pseudoangustifolia (Rouy Tardío, comb. nov. In our studies, these two taxa show different chromosome numbers, V. amphicarpa Dorthes, has 14 chromosomes, while V. angustifolia subsp. pseudoangustifolia has only 12. Furthermore, the form of the chromosomes in the karyotypes of both taxa is quite different. The chromosome number and the morphology of the karyotype found in the first taxon agree with most of previous reports on V. amphicarpa, with a very characteristic short metacentric and six acrocentric chromosomes, one of them satellited. However, the second taxon has a very different karyotype with three large chromosomes, one of them submetacentric and another satellited, plus another three chromosomes which are significantly smaller. Therefore, we can conclude that within the genus Vicia, at least two amphicarpic taxa exist, clearly differentiated, both in morphological and karyotypical characteristics.Se estudian cariológicamente 24 poblaciones anficárpicas silvestres pertenecientes al grupo Vicia sativa, de distinta procedencia (19 españolas, cuatro de Siria y una de Turquía. Se encuentran diferencias en los números cromosomáticos y en los cariótipos. Diecinueve poblaciones presentan 14 cromosomas y cariotipo como el observado por otros autores, constituido por un pequeño cromosoma metacéntrico y seis acrocéntricos, uno de ellos con satélite. Éstas corresponden a V. amphicarpa Dorthes. Las otras cinco, con 2n = 12 y cariotipo con tres cromosomas grandes, uno de ellos submetacéntrico, otro con satélite, y otros tres mucho más pequeños, corresponden a V. angustifolia subsp. pseudoangustifolia (Rouy Tardío. Esta anterior se propone como combinación nueva. Por

  10. Mídia, Identidade Cultural Nordestina: festa junina como expressão

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    Valdir Jose Morigi

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available Trata-se de um estudo sobre o evento turístico o Maior São João do Mundo, realizado em Campina Grande, na Paraíba. Tomou-se como material de análise as diferentes narrativas sobre a festa junina (organizadores, barraqueiros, participantes, mídia, entre outros. A partir delas procurou-se mostrar quais os elementos que compõem o imaginário da festa e como são realizadas as mediações e as construções da teia significativa que enreda o discurso sobre a identidade regional e a cultura nordestina. A festa de São João é fruto do hibridismo cultural. Nas diferentes narrativas, a festa junina aparece como a síntese das mediações dos sentidos, expressando a identidade cultural nordestina.

  11. Desarrollo de hormigones con aglomerante cal-puzolana fina como material cementicio suplementario Development of concrete mixtures with fine lime-pozzolan binder as supplementary cementitious material

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    Juan José Dopico

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available La alta resistencia y durabilidad alcanzada en los hormigones de alta y ultra alta resistencia está asociada a la obtención de una matriz muy densa, definida a partir del uso de altos volúmenes de adiciones minerales muy finas, tales como las cenizas volantes, microsílice, metacaolín y polvos finos de cuarzo. El trabajo muestra un estudio sobre el uso del aglomerante cal- puzolana (ACP de alta finura, como adición mineral activa en el hormigón. Las partículas muy finas de la cal, de tamaños entre las 0.1-lOum pueden llenar los vacíos entre los granos de cemento, mientras las partículas más grandes de la puzolana, entre 10-100 [jm, pueden llenar los vacíos entre los granos más finos del agregado, resultando en una matriz más densa. La adición de hidróxido de calcio (HC durante el mezclado del hormigón, también incrementa la concentración de iones Ca+2 y OH", lo cual resulta en una mejor y mas rápida hidratación del Cemento Portland Ordinario (CPO y de la reacción puzolánica. El uso de la ACP como adición mineral activa en hormigones de alta resistencia (HAR, podría contribuir a disminuir los costos del producto sin afectar su resistencia mecánica y durabilidad usando menos cemento, con lo cual se estaría mejorando el perfil ecológico de este material. Resultados iniciales son mostrados en este trabajo, requiriéndose de ensayos adicionales para establecer los beneficios del uso de la ACP en los HAR. Un ejemplo de aplicación de este trabajo en hormigones son también presentados.The very high concrete strength and durability achieved in high and ultra-high-performance concrete is associated with a very dense matrix, accomplished through the use of high volumes of very fine mineral additions, such as fly ash, silica-fume, metakaolin and ground quartz sand. The paper reports on a study where a finely ground lime-pozzolan binder (LPB is used as active mineral addition in concrete. The very fine lime particles, having

  12. Piezocomposites metal-cerámica como elementos activos en acelerómetros

    OpenAIRE

    Ochoa, Pilar; Villegas, Marina; Pons Rovira, José Luis; Fernández Lozano, José Francisco; Bengochea, M. A.

    2002-01-01

    [ES] Los materiales cerámicos piezoeléctricos presentan un número importante y en continuo aumento de aplicaciones. Entre éstas su utilización como elementos activos en el diseño de acelerómetros posibilita el control de vibraciones en la industria del transporte, aerospacial, robótica e ingeniería civil entre otras. Entre los múltiples diseños como material compuesto destaca, gracias a sus elevados coeficientes de carga efectivos, el denominado tipo címbalo. En este trabajo se compr...

  13. TUBERCULOSIS COMO ENFERMEDAD OCUPACIONAL

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mendoza-Ticona, Alberto

    2014-01-01

    Existe evidencia suficiente para declarar a la tuberculosis como enfermedad ocupacional en diversos profesionales especialmente entre los trabajadores de salud. En el Perú están normados y reglamentados los derechos laborales inherentes a la tuberculosis como enfermedad ocupacional, como la cobertura por discapacidad temporal o permanente. Sin embargo, estos derechos aún no han sido suficientemente socializados. En este trabajo se presenta información sobre el riesgo de adquirir tuberculosis en el lugar de trabajo, se revisan las evidencias para declarar a la tuberculosis como enfermedad ocupacional en trabajadores de salud y se presenta la legislación peruana vigente al respecto. PMID:22858771

  14. Chemical and biochemical properties of Araucaria angustifolia (Bert. Ktze. forest soils in the state of São Paulo

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    Fernanda de Carvalho

    2012-08-01

    Full Text Available Araucaria angustifolia, commonly named Araucaria, is a Brazilian native species that is intensively exploited due to its timber quality. Therefore, Araucaria is on the list of species threatened by extinction. Despite the importance of soil for forest production, little is known about the soil properties of the highly fragmented Araucaria forests. This study was designed to investigate the use of chemical and biological properties as indicators of conservation and anthropogenic disturbance of Araucaria forests in different sampling periods. The research was carried out in two State parks of São Paulo: Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto do Ribeira and Parque Estadual de Campos de Jordão. The biochemical properties carbon and nitrogen in microbial biomass (MB-C and MB-N, basal respiration (BR, the metabolic quotient (qCO2 and the following enzyme activities: β-glucosidase, urease, and fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis (FDA were evaluated. The sampling period (dry or rainy season influenced the results of mainly MB-C, MB-N, BR, and qCO2. The chemical and biochemical properties, except K content, were sensitive indicators of differences in the conservation and anthropogenic disturbance stages of Araucaria forests. Although these forests differ in biochemical and chemical properties, they are efficient in energy use and conservation, which is shown by their low qCO2, suggesting an advanced stage of succession.

  15. Compósito de colágeno com silicato e hidroxiapatita como material para endodontia: preparação e caracterização = Collagen composite with silicate and hydroxyapatite as endodontic material: preparation and characterization

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    E'Gues, Miguel Antônio Menezes

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Este trabalho teve por objetivo preparar e caracterizar um novo compósito de colágeno com silicato e hidroxiapatita que possa vir a ser utilizado como material endodôntico em capeamento pulpar direto e em pulpotomia. Metodologia: Os materiais utilizados como matéria-prima foram colágeno do tipo I na forma aniônica, silicato (cimento Portland Branco e hidroxiapatita sintetizada. Estes materiais foram misturados em proporções variadas de modo a obter um material compósito na forma de pasta. Os materiais obtidos foram caracterizados por técnicas de calorimetria exploratória diferencial, termogravimetria, microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV, espectrometria de dispersão de energia de Raios-X e espectroscopia na região do infravermelho. Resultados: A presença de colágeno no compósito foi demonstrada por transições térmicas típicas daquelas encontradas para o colágeno do tipo I (~48ºC, independentemente da proporção utilizada, e também por imagens de MEV, onde as fibras colagênicas também puderam ser observadas interligando as partículas de silicato. A composição química de todos compósitos de colágeno foi praticamente idêntica à do silicato utilizado. Conclusão: Os resultados mostraram que a estrutura da matriz de colágeno nos compósitos testados não foi alterada. Esta é uma característica importante para a utilização em endodontia do material compósito proposto, objetivando uma reparação tecidual de forma "mais natural"

  16. Reaproveitamento da areia de fundição como material de base e sub-base de pavimentos flexíveis

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    Luis Miguel Gutiérrez Klinsky

    2010-04-01

    Full Text Available O principal resíduo das indústrias de fundição é a areia de fundição de descarte que, no ano 2007, no Brasil, ultrapassou os três milhões de toneladas. Com o objetivo de preservar os recursos naturais e diminuir a degradação do meio ambiente, procuram-se alternativas para reutilizar a areia de fundição em grandes quantidades e a utilização na construção de rodovias fornece oportunidades. Assim, este trabalho avaliou a possibilidade de reutilizar a areia de fundição, misturada a solos argilosos, como material de base e subbase para rodovias de baixo volume de tráfego e vias urbanas para a região de Sertãozinho/SP, que é geradora de resíduo de areia de fundição, mas carece de jazidas de solos arenosos para a construção de rodovias. No estudo foi empregada a técnica de estabilização granulométrica para obter misturas solo-areia em diferentes proporções, nas quais foram realizados ensaios de classificação, propriedades mecânicas e ambientais. Os resultados dos ensaios mostraram que solos argilosos com 60% de areia de fundição adicionada poderiam ser utilizados como material de sub-base e base para pavimentos de tráfego leve, com baixo risco de poluir o meio ambiente.

    Abstract: The main residue of the foundry industries is the foundry sand that in 2007, in Brazil, exceeded three millions tons. The modern world searches the preservation of the natural resources and the reduction of the environment degeneration. Aiming at these objectives, new alternatives are researched to reuse the foundry sand in large amounts and the pavement construction provides opportunities. This paper evaluated the reuse of the foundry sand in pavement sub-bases and bases, through its incorporation to clay soils from Sertaozinho/SP. This region has a high production of foundry metals and residues, and does not have natural sandy soils deposits for pavement construction. This study used the mechanic

  17. Ecosystem Services and Potential Utilization of of Urban Typha angustifolia Wetlands of across Metropolitan Bangkok, Thailand

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sritrairat, S.

    2014-12-01

    Over half the world's 7.2 billion population are living in urban habitats. While these cities only occupy 2% of the world's surface, the ecological footprint by these cities combined is far greater than that of the other 98% of the world. Bangkok, Thailand has experienced this rapid urbanization that has resulted in various environmental problems, including pollution, land subsidence, and flooding. Major flooding in 2011 has raised awareness about the importance of restoring ecosystem services in urban space to cope up with the forecasted extreme climatic conditions. Finding localized flooding, carbon and pollution mitigation methods will be important to cities. Upland reforestration has been proposed as a way to decrease these anthropogenic and climate change impacts. However, there is also a large area of wetlands in Bangkok with possibly high ecosystem services that have not been quantified. This study measure above ground and below ground carbon accumulation in wide-spread Typha angustifolia wetlands as an untapped source of ecosystem services that are worth projected. These wetlands are typically viewed as wasteland and are not being protected. We examined carbon and heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cu) pools in 7 wetlands across Bangkok with various environmental settings--from industrialized zone, to residential area, farms, and protected urban green space. The results indicate recent peat accumulation layer by these wetlands at high rate. Heavy concentration are found near contaminant source such as industries and farms. Combined with their ability to buffer storms and being habitats for wildlife, these wetlands have important values in increasing ecosystem services in urban space and should be considered for protection.

  18. Ensino e aprendizagem como unidade dialética na atividade pedagógica

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    Maria Eliza Mattosinho Bernardes

    Full Text Available Considerar a atividade pedagógica como unidade dialética requer que sejam investigadas as condições e circunstâncias que tornam possível tal objetivação e as especificidades da mesma a partir do materialismo histórico dialético, da psicologia histórico-cultural e da teoria da atividade. Concebe-se que a correspondência entre motivos/necessidades, objetivos, ações e operações nas atividades principais dos estudantes e dos educadores cria situações favoráveis para que ocorra a aprendizagem consciente. Tal fato é dependente da consciência da função ontológica do educador e do estudante como sujeitos ativos no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Considera-se ser possível conceber a unidade dialética desde que a mesma represente uma das condições para a superação das características do sistema educacional vigente, por caracterizar-se a atividade material do homem como a que transforma o mundo material e social em mundo humano.

  19. Analysis of the relationship between Chalcone Isomerase gene expression level and rutin production in Ficus deltoidea var. deltoidea and F. deltoidea var. angustifolia

    Science.gov (United States)

    Najid, Najihah Mohd; Zain, Che Radziah Che Mohd; Zainal, Zamri

    2016-11-01

    Ficus deltoidea (moraceae) is a herbal plant with medicinal values. Previous studies reported that the F. deltoidea contains a high level of bioactive compounds such as flavonoids. A cDNA encodes for chalcone isomerase was identified from F. deltoidea, designated as FdCHI, which involved in the isomerization of naringenin chalcone to naringenin. Naringenin is a key branch point for the synthesis of rutin, which is believed involved in defense mechanism in the plant. Therefore, we hypothesized that there might be a direct relationship between FdCHI expression level and rutin production in leaves of F. deltoidea var. deltoidea (FDD) and F. deltoidea var. angustifolia (FDA). Our result showed that expression level of FdCHI in leaves FDD was greater than FDA. Analysis of High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) revealed that rutin was only detected in FDA leaves. Based on the results between FdCHI expression and rutin production, this study concluded that there is no relationship between FdCHI expression and rutin production in leaves of FDA and FDD.

  20. Heidegger E A Técnica Moderna Como Perigo E Como Salvação

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    Robson Costa Cordeiro

    2014-04-01

    Full Text Available O mundo contemporâneo é marcado por uma compreensão de técnica que se ergue como tal a partir de um sentido próprio e autônomo. Este sentido pode ser caracterizado como um logos que se constitui a partir de sua própria natureza e se manifesta como tecnologia no decorrer da história. Compreender esse sentido e assumi-lo como condição de nossa existência no mundo é comprender a técnica como nossa herança e nosso envio. Nesse sentido, compreender a essência da técnica é fundamental para o mundo contemporâneo, assumindo que, nesse processo, consiste o perigo e a salvação da espécie.

  1. Uso de osteocoral como material de implante en bolsas infraóseas de dientes Monorradiculares

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    . Yamilé Hernández Alemán,

    1999-12-01

    Full Text Available Se evaluó la eficacia del osteocoral como material de implante en el tratamiento de bolsas infraóseas de dientes monorradiculares. Se realizaron 18 injertos en 17 dientes con defectos angulares, en 6 pacientes de ambos sexos; 9 implantes correspondieron al grupo control con hidroxiapatita y 9 al grupo de estudio que fue implantado con osteocoral. Se realizó preparación inicial que incluyó: remoción de cálculos y pulido de las superficies dentarias, educación y motivación sobre el tratamiento recibido, corrección del cepillado igual o mayor al 80 % en la remoción de placa dentobacteriana. Se realizó el implante mediante operación a colgajo, con sutura y colocación de apósito periodontal. Se realizaron radiografías de control a los 14 días, a los 3 y 6 meses. Se controló sistemáticamente la higiene bucal. A los 6 meses se registraron nuevamente los indicadores clínicos. El análisis final de los resultados mostró una disminución estadísticamente significativa en el índice gingival, profundidad de la bolsa al sondeo y movilidad dentaria para ambos materiales implantológicos. No se reportaron grandes diferencias entre éstos para este tamaño de muestra, no hubo reacciones adversas y se logró la permanencia del implante de osteocoral, por lo que se consideró efectivo el tratamiento.Effectivenes of osteocoral as implant material was assessed to treat infraosseous pockets of multirooted teeth. 18 grafts were inserted in 17 teeth with angular defects in 6 patients of both sexes; 9 implants corresponded to control group (hydroxiapatite and 9 corresponded to study group (osteocoral. Initial preparation included: removal of calculus and polishing of dental surface, education and motivation about treatment applied, correction of tooth-brushing equal or greater 80 % in removal of dentobacterial plaque. Implant was inserted by flap surgery using suture and placement of periodontal dresssing. Control X-rays were made within 14 days

  2. Influence of Extrusion Cooking on In Vitro Digestibility, Physical and Sensory Properties of Brazilian Pine Seeds Flour (Araucaria Angustifolia).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Boff Zortéa-Guidolin, Manoela Estefânea; Piler de Carvalho, Carlos Wanderlei; Bueno de Godoy, Rossana Catie; Mottin Demiate, Ivo; Paula Scheer, Agnes

    2017-04-01

    Brazilian pine seeds (pinhão) are gluten-free products derived from Araucaria angustifolia. The commercialization of these seeds is essentially associated with a low level of industrialization. In this context, extrusion cooking is a potential alternative for preparing extrudates of pinhão as a food product, which can be easily digested and is ready for human consumption. Brazilian pine seeds flour was processed in a single-screw extruder following a central composite rotatable design. Three factors (independent parameters) were considered: moisture content (14 to 22 g/100 g), screw speed (100 to 250 rpm), and temperature in the 3rd heating zone (120 to 200 °C). The structural characteristics, in vitro digestibility and sensory acceptance were also evaluated. The resistant starch contents is almost reduced to zero after extrusion cooking while the slowly digestible starch content is increased. An increase in moisture positively affected the hardness and the luminosity (L * ), although it negatively affected the volumetric expansion index, crispness, and color parameters (a * , b * , and ΔE). The experimental conditions of this study allowed the production of expanded extrudates from Brazilian pine seeds with good expansion, texture properties, and acceptance qualities. Thus, extrusion cooking was found to be a potential method for the industrialization of Brazilian pine seeds as a food product. © 2017 Institute of Food Technologists®.

  3. Characterization of material composite marble-polyester

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    Corpas, F. A.

    2002-12-01

    Full Text Available In this work we characterize a new material composite, formed with a polyester and crushed white marble mixture. The final purpose is double: to obtain a material for applications sufficiently competitive after an economic viability study, increasing the yield of the main commodity, using waste marble and improving the jobs in the quarries area. From the results obtained, we deduce then that this material could be used to inside and outside adornment.

    En este trabajo, caracterizamos un nuevo material compuesto, formado con una mezcla de poliéster y de mármol blanco triturado. El propósito final es doble: por un lado obtener un material para aplicaciones lo suficientemente competitivas como para que se pueda iniciar un estudio económico de viabilidad, aumentando el rendimiento de la materia prima y mejorando las salidas laborales de las comarcas extractoras. Para la caracterización del material se ha determinado el porcentaje adecuado de poliéster. Así como las propiedades mecánicas (flexión, compresión y dureza, químicas, fatiga térmica y su influencia a la exposición solar In order to characterized of material, we have determined the suitable porcentage of polyester Also we have carried out a study of the mechanical (stretching, resistance to traction, hardeness and thermal fatigue chemicals properties and solar radiation influence. De los resultados obtenidos, este material podría ser utilizado para ornamentación tanto de interior como de exterior.

  4. Potencialidades de um caulim calcinado como material de substituição parcial do cimento portland em argamassas Potentialities of a calcined kaolin as material of partial replacement of portland cement in mortars

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marilia P. de Oliveira

    2006-06-01

    Full Text Available A utilização de argilas calcinadas na forma de metacaulinita, como material pozolânico para argamassas e concretos, tem recebido atenção considerável nos últimos anos. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o desempenho mecânico de argamassas, nas quais foi utilizado um caulim calcinado proveniente do Estado da Paraíba, como material de substituição parcial do cimento Portland. Utilizaram-se duas finuras do caulim: passando nas peneiras ABNT 200 (0,074 mm e 325 (0,044 mm e calcinados nas temperaturas de 700, 800 e 900 ºC pelo tempo de 2 h. As amostras foram caracterizadas através de análise química, análise térmica diferencial, difração de raios-X e área específica. Obteve-se o índice de atividade pozolânica com a cal e o cimento Portland. O percentual de substituição adotado foi de 0, 10, 20, 30 e 40%. A relação aglomerante: areia foi de 1:1,5 e a relação água/aglomerante fixada igual 0,4. O efeito da substituição parcial do cimento na argamassa foi avaliado através da resistência à compressão simples, nas idades de 7, 28 e 90 dias. As argamassas estudadas apresentaram resistência superior em relação à da referência, até o nível de 30% de substituição.The use of burnt clays, in the metakaolin form, as pozzolanic material for mortars and concretes has received a remarkable attention in the last years. This paper aimed to evaluate the mechanical property of mortars, in which a calcined kaolin originating from the State of Paraiba, was used as partial cement replacement material. Two finess of the kaolin were used: ABNT 200 (0.074 mm and 325 (0.044 mm and burnt at temperatures of 700, 800 and 900 ºC for a period of 2 h. Both materials were characterized by chemical analysis, differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, specific area tests. The pozolanic activity index was obtanied using lime and cement Portland. The amounts of replacement were 10, 20, 30 and 40%, besides the reference mortar. The binder

  5. Nuevas miradas de la igualdad en la jurisprudencia de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos: la igualdad como redistribución y como reconocimiento

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Clérico, Laura

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available El trabajo propone el diseño de un tipo de análisis de la igualdad superador de las insuficiencias de las tradicionales fórmulas formal y material como principio no discriminatorio. Para ello se aborda el concepto de la igualdad como no dominación y se lo integra con el enfoque de la teoría de Nancy Fraser sobre redistribución y reconocimiento. Luego se da cuenta de este tipo de examen aplicado a la re-interpretación de los nuevos casos paradigmáticos sometidos a la Corte IDH que versan sobre las problemáticas de los pueblos originarios vinculadas a las condiciones de existencia digna de las comunidades, sus derechos a la propiedad colectiva y participación política en una democracia representativa.

  6. Evaluación de un filtro biológico como unidad de post-tratamiento de aguas residuales utilizando conchas marinas como material de soporte

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andres Galindo

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available En esta investigación se evaluó la eficiencia de un filtro biológico (FB a escala piloto, utilizando conchas marinas como material de soporte (MS para el post-tratamiento de aguas residuales municipales (ARM que provenían de un tratamiento previo anaerobio-aerobio. El FB se evaluó con diferentes cargas orgánicas, siendo los tiempos de retención hidráulicos (TRH estudiados: 12,85; 10,71; 8,57 y 6,43h. Los parámetros monitoreados fueron: pH, alcalinidad carbónica y total, temperatura, demanda química de oxígeno (DQO, demanda bioquímica de oxígeno (DBO, ácidos grasos volátiles (AGV, nitrógeno total Kjeldahl (NTK, fósforo total, sólidos suspendidos totales (SST, volátiles (SSV y fijos (SSF. Las mejores eficiencias de remoción de materia orgánica se obtuvieron a TRH de 10,71h, registrando remociones de DQOT, DQOS y DBO5,20 en el orden de 51,5; 48,6 y 39,2%. Sin embargo, la mejor eficiencia en la remoción de sólidos suspendidos se observó en el TRH de 6,43h (SST, 29%, SSV, 23,8% y SSF, 50%. A pesar de recibir tratamiento previo, el número de coliformes totales y fecales afluentes al FB fueron altos, presentando órdenes hasta de 107NMP/100ml, la mayores eficiencias en la remoción de Coliformes totales y fecales fueron de 97,24 y 94,63%, respectivamente, registradas en el TRH de 12,85h. Se evidencia que las conchas marinas (Arca zebra son MS sostenibles y con ellas se logran reducciones satisfactorias de materia orgánica en el tratamiento de ARM.

  7. Effect of reclaimed water effluent on bacterial community structure in the Typha angustifolia L. rhizosphere soil of urbanized riverside wetland, China.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Huang, Xingru; Xiong, Wei; Liu, Wei; Guo, Xiaoyu

    2017-05-01

    In order to evaluate the impact of reclaimed water on the ecology of bacterial communities in the Typha angustifolia L. rhizosphere soil, bacterial community structure was investigated using a combination of terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and 16S rRNA gene clone library. The results revealed significant spatial variation of bacterial communities along the river from upstream and downstream. For example, a higher relative abundance of γ-Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Chloroflexi and a lower proportion of β-Proteobacteria and ε-Proteobacteria was detected at the downstream site compared to the upstream site. Additionally, with an increase of the reclaimed water interference intensity, the rhizosphere bacterial community showed a decrease in taxon richness, evenness and diversity. The relative abundance of bacteria closely related to the resistant of heavy-metal was markedly increased, while the bacteria related for carbon/nitrogen/phosphorus/sulfur cycling wasn't strikingly changed. Besides that, the pathogenic bacteria markedly increased in the downstream rhizosphere soil since reclaimed water supplement, while the possible plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria obviously reduced in the downstream sediment. Together these data suggest cause and effect between reclaimed water input into the wetland, shift in bacterial communities through habitat change, and alteration of capacity for biogeochemical cycling of contaminants. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier B.V.

  8. Chemical composition of essential oils of Drimys angustifolia Miers and Drimys brasiliensis Miers and their repellency to drywood termite Cryptotermes brevis (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Madson Ralide Fonseca Gomes

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available The essential oils extracted from leaves of the Southern Brazilian native species Drimys angustifolia Miers (DA and Drimys brasiliensis Miers (DB by Clevenger distillation were analyzed by gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry (GC/MS. The oils of DA and DB consisted predominantly of monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids. The largest components of DA oil were bicyclogermacrene (19.6%, sabinene (9.7% and myrcene (5.2%, while DB oil was characterized by cyclocolorenone (18.2%, followed by terpinen-4- ol (8.7% and alpha-gurjunene (6.9%. Laboratory tests were carried out to determine the repellency of the essential oils to the drywood termite Cryptotermes brevis (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae. It was observed that the oil showed repellency at the concentrations 25, 12.5, and 6.25 μg/mL. The oils of both species exhibited a negative repellency index, which represents repellent activity, except for DA oil at the highest concentration, which was attractive. Five deaths (11% of the termite sample were observed at 25 μg/mL DA, in the fourhour repellency test, while four deaths occurred at 12.5 μg/mL (approximately 9%. The essential oil of DB did not cause any termite deaths.

  9. Kocuria palustris sp. nov. and Kocuria rhizophila sp. nov., isolated from the rhizoplane of the narrow-leaved cattail (Typha angustifolia).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kovács, G; Burghardt, J; Pradella, S; Schumann, P; Stackebrandt, E; Màrialigeti, K

    1999-01-01

    Two Gram-positive, aerobic spherical actinobacteria were isolated from the rhizoplane of narrow-leaved cattail (Typha angustifolia) collected from a floating mat in the Soroksár tributary of the Danube river, Hungary. Sequence comparisons of the 16S rDNA indicated these isolates to be phylogenetic neighbours of members of the genus Kocuria, family Micrococcaceae, in which they represent two novel lineages. The phylogenetic distinctness of the two organisms TA68T and TAGA27T was supported by DNA-DNA similarity values of less than 55% between each other and with the type strains of Kocuria rosea, Kocuria kristinae and Kocuria varians. Chemotaxonomic properties supported the placement of the two isolates in the genus Kocuria. The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan is lysine, the interpeptide bridge is composed of three alanine residues. Predominant menaquinone was MK-7(H2). The fatty acid pattern represents the straight-chain saturated iso-anteiso type. Main fatty acid was anteiso-C15:0. The phospholipids are diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and an unknown component. The DNA base composition of strains TA68T and TAGA27T is 69.4 and 69.6 mol% G+C, respectively. Genotypic, morphological and physiological characteristics are used to describe two new species of Kocuria, for which we propose the names Kocuria palustris, type strain DSM 11925T and Kocuria rhizophila, type strain DSM 11926T.

  10. Surface science models of CoMoS hydrodesulfurisation catalysts

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    De Jong, A.M.; De Beer, V.H.J.; Van Veen, J.A.R.; Niemantsverdriet, J.W. [Schuit Institute of Catalysis, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven (Netherlands)

    1997-07-01

    Characterization of supported catalysts with surface spectroscopic techniques is often limited due to restraints imposed by the support material. The use of flat conducting substrates as a model support offers a way to apply these techniques to their full potential. Such surface science models of silica and alumina supported CoMoS catalysts have been made by impregnating thin SiO{sub 2} and Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} films with a solution of nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) complexes of cobalt and molybdenum. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) spectra indicate that the order in which cobalt and molybdenum transfer to the sulfided state is reversed with respect to oxidic Co and Mo systems prepared by conventional methods, implying that NTA complexation retards the sulfidation of cobalt to temperatures where MoS{sub 2} is already formed. Catalytic tests show that the CoMoS model catalysts exhibit activities for thiophene desulfurisation and product distributions similar to those of their high surface area counterparts. 25 refs.

  11. A condicionalidade como zona conceitual

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Taísa Peres de OLIVEIRA

    Full Text Available RESUMO Neste trabalho avaliam-se diferentes padrões de construções condicionais no português a partir dos parâmetros de condicionalidade. O objetivo principal é mostrar como a categoria está internamente organizada não apenas em termos de um núcleo prototípico, mas mostrando como os exemplares mais periféricos se relacionam a ele. As bases teóricas deste trabalho assentam-se sobre concepções funcional-cognitivistas, nos termos de Bybee (2010 e Dancygier (1998, especialmente considerando a relativa instabilidade da gramática e a fluidez da categoria. As reflexões principais apontam a condicionalidade como uma categoria bastante complexa que serve de/como abrigo de múltiplas construções.

  12. Tubo de PVC liso com diferentes envoltórios como material alternativo na drenagem subterrânea Smooth PVC tube with different envelopes as an alternative material in the subsurface drainage

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Florício P. de Almeida

    2003-04-01

    Full Text Available Em regiões áridas e semi-áridas irrigadas a drenagem é, freqüentemente, necessária para prevenir o encharcamento do solo e o controle da salinidade. Um dos principais obstáculos na instalação de um sistema de drenagem subterrânea é o alto custo do investimento inicial. Assim, alguma contribuição que reduza o custo da instalação dos drenos e também do material usado, é altamente vantajosa. Diante disso, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar, em condições de laboratório, o desempenho hidráulico do sistema drenante constituído pelo tubo de PVC liso, próprio para esgoto doméstico, de 50,0 mm de diâmetro nominal e área aberta de 23,0 cm² m-1, e por três tipos de envoltório. O desempenho do tubo drenante de PVC liso demonstrou que esse material é tecnicamente viável para drenagem agrícola, principalmente com o uso de brita como envoltório.In irrigated arid and semi-arid regions the drainage is, frequently, necessary to prevent the waterlogging of the soil and to control the salinity. One of the main obstacles in the installation of a subsurface drainage system is the high cost of the initial investment. Thus, some contribution that reduces the cost of the installation of the drains and also of the material used is highly advantageous. The objective of this research was to evaluate, under laboratory conditions, the hydraulic performance of the drainage system constituted by smooth PVC tube used for sewer with 50.0 mm of nominal diameter and open area of 23.0 cm² m-1 and different types of envelopes, as an alternative material for subsurface drainage. The performance of the smooth PVC tube demonstrated that this material is technically viable for agricultural drainage principally when used with single stones as envelope.

  13. Análise florística e estrutura fitossociológica de um fragmento de Floresta Ombrófila Mista no município de Sertão - RSFloristic analysis and phytosociological structure of a Mixed Ombrophylous Forest

    OpenAIRE

    Piroli, Edson Luis; Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho - UNESP; Nascimento, André Rosalvo Terra; Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - UFU

    2009-01-01

    Neste trabalho foram estudadas a composição florística e estrutura fitossociológica de um fragmento de Floresta Ombrófila Mista no município de Sertão, RS, com área aproximada de 700 ha. A análise estrutural destaca Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze, como espécie dominante, principalmente na periferia do fragmento apresentando um número relativamente menor de indivíduos no interior da floresta. Abstract This paper appraises the study of the floristic composition and phytosociological st...

  14. El trabajo de campo como proceso. La "etnografía colaborativa" como perspectiva analítica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leticia Katzer

    2011-10-01

    Full Text Available El presente artículo contiene una serie de reflexiones elaboradas al poner en diálogo experiencias de campo en el marco de investigaciones individuales; una, con indígenas adscriptos como Huarpes, en el noreste de la provincia de Mendoza; la otra, con indígenas adscriptos como Qom. Éstas reflexiones intentan contribuir a desnaturalizar y visibilizar la complejidad de los contextos de interacción, considerando que abarcan distintas dimensiones y aspectos —tales como posición de los interlocutores en la estructura social, expectativas individuales, experiencias y relaciones previas de los sujetos, y recursos materiales y simbólicos en intermediación—, enfatizando así el carácter situacional y dinámico de esas relaciones de interlocución.A la luz de los actuales debates de la crítica cultural y en un intento por contribuir a los estudios de la Etnografía Colaborativa, el objetivo de este artículo es exponer y describir comparativamente lo que entendemos como performances de campo, situando como objeto de análisis la experiencia etnográfica en sí misma. Entendiendo el trabajo etnográfico como proceso y texto, identificamos tres grandes nudos críticos, reunidos en tres escenas etnográficas, que analizamos como una red multisituada de mediaciones e interrelaciones.

  15. O cuidar da pessoa em fim de vida como experiência formadora El cuidado de una persona durante el fin de vida como experiencia formativa Care of a dying person as a development experience

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cidália Frias

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo exige uma reflexão sobre a aprendizagem do cuidar na morte, centrada na pessoa do enfermeiro. A metodologia que orientou o estudo foi de caráter qualitativo e utilizamos a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Mobiliza como material empírico, o conteúdo de oito entrevistas efetuadas a enfermeiros que exercem sua atividade profissional nos Serviços de Hospitalização, com pessoas em fim de vida. As linhas orientadoras são: compreender como a história de vida do enfermeiro influencia o processo de cuidar do moribundo; compreender como os enfermeiros vivenciam o processo de morrer e como o cuidado da pessoa em fim de vida revela a essência do próprio momento de cuidar. Os temas encontrados foram: a vida por um fo; uma vida que caminha ao seu final; a vida e a morte se uniram e a aprendizagem do cuidado da pessoa em fim de vida. Os enfermeiros consideraram que a pessoa em fim de vida é um ser em relação e que o contexto influencia a forma como estão com ela. Perspectiva de uma formação que privilegia novas formas de estar com a pessoa em fim de sua existência.Este artículo exige una reflexión sobre el aprendizaje del cuidado de personas moribundas, centrada en la persona del enfermero. La metodología que orientó el estudio fue de carácter cualitativo y se utilizó la técnica de análisis de contenido. El trabajo utiliza como material empírico, el contenido de ocho entrevistas efectuadas a enfermeros que ejercen su actividad profesional en los servicios de hospitalización, con personas en fin de vida. Las líneas orientadoras son: comprender como la historia de la vida del enfermero influye en el proceso de cuidado de personas moribundas; comprender como los enfermeros viven el proceso de la muerte y como el cuidado de personas en fin de vida revela la esencia del propio momento de cuidado. Los temas encontrados fueron: la vida en un hilo; una vida que camina hacia el fin; la vida y la muerte se unieron y el

  16. El dinero como acto de habla y como conjunto de funciones de status: aportaciones a una ontología del dinero

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Joan González Guardiola

    2012-03-01

    Full Text Available En su polémica obra de 1995, The construction of social reality, John Searle presentaba una “nueva ontología de la realidad social” que, a menudo, utilizaba el dinero como ejemplo de sus análisis constitutivos. Uno de los aspectos que alguna crítica losó ca desarrolló con más intensidad respecto a las tesis de Searle en aquel libro era la posibilidad (que Searle negaba de que existieran objetos sociales independientes de base material (free – standing Y terms. Después de diversos artículos polémicos al respecto, Searle presentó, en el año 2010, una revisión y reexposición de sus concepciones al respecto (Making the social world, en la cual creía poder superar los elementos críticos de su anterior exposición (principalmente vinculados a algunos malentendidos respecto al alcance de la fórmula constitutiva “X cuenta como Y en C” postulando el principio según el cual “todos los hechos institucionales, y por consiguiente todas las funciones de status, son creadas por actos de habla del tipo de las “declaraciones””. El ob- jetivo del presente artículo consiste en mostrar que la reexposición de la teoría de Searle no permite llevar a cabo ningún avance en el terreno de la ontología del dinero siempre que no se modi que sustancialmente su concepción sobre la génesis del dinero, que hace surgir el dinero como objeto social a partir de la función de medio de cambio. Sin una revisión profunda del “relato genético” sobre el dinero que Searle mantenía en 1995 (muy próximo a lo que se puede considerar “análisis ortodoxo” en teoría monetaria, la nueva presentación del dinero como acto de habla aparece llena de tensiones entre el nivel constitutivo y el nivel genético, de manera que las potencialidades de una teoría del dinero como acto de habla se desvanecen.

  17. Avaliação de materiais alternativos em substituição à maravalha como cama de aviário Alternative material to replace wood shavings as broiler litter

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Valdir Silveira de Avila

    2008-02-01

    Full Text Available Com o objetivo de testar materiais alternativos para cama de aviário na criação de frangos de corte, foram alojados seis lotes consecutivos, cada um contendo 5.600 aves, apenas fêmeas, distribuídas em 35 boxes. Os tratamentos consistiram de sete tipos de material para cama (maravalha; casca de arroz; sabugo de milho triturado; capim-cameron picado; palhada de soja picada; resto da cultura do milho picado; e serragem, cada um com cinco repetições. Avaliaram-se nas aves o peso corporal médio e o consumo médio de ração e, nas camas, os teores de N, Ca, P e pH. Observaram-se ainda a presença de salmonela, a contagem de oocistos de eimeria na cama e o escore de lesões no intestino das aves ao abate. A utilização dos materiais alternativos avaliados como cama de aviário, por seis lotes consecutivos, como alternativas à maravalha não prejudicou o desempenho de frangos de corte. Esses materiais, após o descarte, por apresentarem valor em minerais superior ao da maravalha, podem ser utilizados na adubação de culturas.Aiming to evaluate alternative materials to be used as broiler litter reutilization, six consecutive lots of 5,600 female broilers were allocated to 35 pens. The treatments consisted of seven types of litter materials: wood shavings, rice husk, ground corncob, chopped camerongrass, chopped soybean straw, chopped corn stalk and sawdust, each one with five replications. In the birds, it was evaluated the average body weight, feed consumption and in the litter, it was evaluated the contents of N, Ca, P and pH. The presence of salmoella, the eimeria oocists counting in the litter, and the gut birds lesions score at slaughter were also observed. The use of alternative materials evaluated as litter, per six concecutive lots, as a alternative for wood shavings did no prejudice the performance of broilers. These materials, by presenting mineral values higher than wood shavings, after discarding, could be used as culture

  18. Punção aspirativa por agulha fina como método de coleta de material para a histopatologia no osteossarcoma canino

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luciele V. Teixeira

    2010-02-01

    Full Text Available Para a obtenção do diagnóstico definitivo do osteossarcoma realizam-se exames citopatológico e histopatológico. O material para exame citopatológico é coletado através de punção aspirativa por agulha fina (PAAF, já para a realização do exame histopatológico é necessário uma amostra de tamanho maior, geralmente conseguida através de biópsia incisional. Este trabalho tem como objetivo desenvolver uma técnica de coleta de material em cães com suspeita de osteossarcoma através de PAAF para a realização de exame histopatológico. Foram coletadas duas amostras de 12 cães suspeitos de osteossarcoma por PAAF. O material obtido pela primeira coleta foi utilizado para confirmar o diagnóstico através do exame citopatológico, enquanto que o material oriundo da segunda coleta foi fixado em formol a 10% para a análise histopatológica. Quatro das 12 amostras (33,3% avaliadas histopatologicamente pela metodologia proposta obtiveram também o diagnóstico de osteossarcoma. Esses resultados apontam para uma possível adequação da técnica de coleta de material por PAAF para exame histopatológico.Cytopathologic and histopathologic tests are important to obtain a definitive diagnosis of osteosarcoma. The sample for cytopathological exam is collected through fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNA. On the other hand, histopathological exams need a larger sample that is usually obtained by incisional biopsy. The objective of this article is to develop a FNA technique to biopsy and evaluate histopatologically samples of dogs with suspected osteosarcoma. Two FNS samples were collected from 12 such dogs. Samples obtained in the first procedure were examined cytologically. The material sampled at the second biopsy was fixed in 10% formalin and submitted to histopathological analysis. Four out of the 12 samples (33.3% examined by the herein proposed method were diagnosed as osteosarcoma. These results indicate a possible adaptation of FNA for

  19. Numerator: un material manipulativo en el aula

    OpenAIRE

    Barreto, Juan Pedro; Herrera, Manuel

    2009-01-01

    El Numerator es un material manipulativo que se utiliza en la clase de Matemática como apoyo para el profesorado a la hora de que los alumnos desarrollen su capacidad de abstracción y razonamiento, partiendo de la manipulación y realidad concreta de éste, tanto en la enseñanza de la numeración, como en la referida al bloque de operaciones en esta área. Este artículo recoge la experiencia desarrollada con este material en dos grupos del Segundo Ciclo de Primaria, en las que el alumnado ha sido...

  20. Oxidative dehydrogenation of propane with cobalt, tungsten and molybdenum based materials

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maurin Salamanca-Guzmán

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available La deshidrogenación oxidativa de propano es una alternativa interesante para la obtención de olefinas. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados obtenidos en la deshidrogenación oxidativa de propano utilizando dos materiales a partir de cobalto, tungsteno y molibdeno. Los materiales fueron caracterizados utilizando Difracción de Rayos X (XRD, espectroscopia infrarroja con transformada de Fourier (FTIR, análisis termogravimétrico (TGA y análisis térmico diferencial (DTA. El material CoMo φ y al ser calcinado a 623 K se transforma en la fase β -CoMoO4 (CoMo φ y623, la misma fase es obtenida cuando el material se calcina a 873 K (CoMo φ y873. CoMo φ y623 muestra un buen desempeño en la deshidrogenación oxidativa de propano, se obtuvo un rendimiento a propeno de 3,4% a una temperatura de 623 K y una velocidad espacial de 100 mL g-1 min-1. El material CoWs φ y fue calcinado a 673 K, obteniéndose una fase wolframita de baja cristalinidad. Este material presenta una alta selectividad a propeno y un bajo rendimiento. CoMo φ y873 presenta una buena actividad y selectividad, comparable con otros materiales reportados en la literatura, y su potencial como catalizador en la deshidrogenación oxidativa de propano se hace más evidente con la prueba que muestra ser estable durante 24 h de operación continua a 773 K.

  1. Hoy como ayer

    OpenAIRE

    Rodríguez M.

    2010-01-01

    Leyendo el artículo titulado “Los medicamentos baratos” de la revista La Farmacia Española, publicada en Madrid el jueves 21 de diciembre de 1893, uno se pregunta cómo puede ser que se reconozca la situación como si fuera de ahora mismo, cómo puede ser que estemos igual que hace más de cien años. Entonces eran los descuentos que se empezaban a extender en las farmacias, francesas sobre todo, y que amenazaban el prestigio profesional de todo el colectivo. Con frases como éstas se define la sit...

  2. Structure of mixed ombrophyllous forests with Araucaria angustifolia (Araucariaceae) under external stress in Southern Brazil.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vibrans, Alexander C; Sevegnani, Lúcia; Uhlmann, Alexandre; Schorn, Lauri A; Sobral, Marcos G; de Gasper, André L; Lingner, Débora V; Brogni, Eduardo; Klemz, Guilherme; Godoy, Marcela B; Verdi, Marcio

    2011-09-01

    This study is part of the Floristic and Forest Inventory of Santa Catarina, conceived to evaluate forest resources, species composition and structure of forest remnants, providing information to update forest conservation and land use policy in Southern Brazilian State of Santa Catarina (95 000 km2). In accordance to the Brazilian National Forest Inventory (IFN-BR), the inventory applies systematic sampling, with 440 clusters containing four crosswise 1 000m2 plots (20 x 50m) each, located on a 10 x 10km grid overlaid to land use map based on classification of SPOT-4 images from 2005. Within the sample units, all woody individuals of the main stratum (DBH > or = 10cm) are measured and collected (fertile and sterile), if not undoubtedly identified in field. Regeneration stratum (height > 1.50m; DBH Floristic sampling includes collection of all fertile trees, shrubs and herbs within the sample unit and in its surroundings. This study performs analysis based on 92 clusters measured in 2008 within an area of 32320km2 of mixed ombrophyllous forests with Araucaria angustifolia located at the state's high plateau (500m to 1 560m above sea level at 26 degrees 00'-28 degrees 30' S and 49 degrees 13'-51 degrees 23' W). Mean density (DBH > or = 10cm) is 578 individuals/ha (ranging from 85/ha to 1 310/ha), mean species richness in measured remnants is 35 (8 to 62), Shannon and Wiener diversity index (H') varies between 1.05 and 3.48. Despite high total species diversity (364 Magnoliophyta, five Coniferophyta and one tree fern) and relatively high mean basal area (25.75m2/ha, varying from 3.87 to 68.85m2/ha), the overwhelming majority of forest fragments are considered highly impacted and impoverished, mostly by logging, burning and extensive cattle farming, turning necessary more efficient protection measures. Basal area was considered an appropriate indicator for stand quality and conservation status.

  3. Saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) and Russian Olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) in the Western United States-A Report on the State of the Science

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shafroth, Patrick

    2010-01-01

    The Salt Cedar and Russian Olive Control Demonstration Act of 2006 (Public Law 109-320) directs the Department of the Interior to submit a report to Congress that includes an assessment of several issues surrounding these two nonnative trees, now dominant components of the vegetation along many rivers in the Western United States. This report was published in 2010 as a U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report (available online at http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5247). The report was produced through a collaborative effort led by the Bureau of Reclamation and U.S. Geological Survey, with critical contributions from the U.S. Department of Agriculture and from university researchers. The document synthesizes the state of the science and key research needs on the following topics related to management of saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) and Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) in the Western United States: their distribution and abundance (extent); the potential for water savings associated with controlling these species; considerations related to wildlife use of saltcedar and Russian olive habitat and restored habitats; methods of control and removal; possible utilization of dead biomass following control and removal; and approaches and challenges associated with site revegetation or restoration. A concluding chapter discusses possible long-term management strategies, potentially useful field-demonstration projects, and a planning process for on-the-ground projects involving removal of saltcedar and Russian olive.

  4. Daimien Hirst : el artista como preparador

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nike Verena Fakiner

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available El cuerpo más allá de su razón biológica, es un espacio de proyección donde se escenifican las normas y los valores socioculturales y científicos. La ciencia médica constituye un régimen escópico, en cuyo marco se construye un imaginario acerca del cuerpo, que modela y normaliza la percepción que el sujeto moderno establece con él. Hirst trabaja desde el cuerpo muerto, como medio y material de trabajo, para cuestionar el posicionamiento del cuerpo en el discurso de la medicina. Para ello se sirve de imágenes corporales situadas en la frontera entre Medicina y Arte.The body, beyond its biological meaning, is a space of projection of cultural and scientific norms and values. The medicine constitutes a scopic regime, where an imaginary of body is built up which normalizes its perception by the modern subject. Hirst works with the dead body as medium and material of work, in order to question body` s position in medicine discourse. Therefore, he works with body images placed on the border line between Medicine and Art.

  5. La familia Euphorbiaceae como fuente de aceites vegetales para la industria tecnoquímica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Correal Castellanos, E.

    1992-02-01

    Full Text Available The family Euphorbiaceae includes a huge number of species some of which provide important raw materials such as rubber, cassava, waxes and oils. In this study, the general botanical and chemical characteristics of this family are described firstly together with the chemical composition of their seed oils and a comparison with those of other families. Secondly, other chemical constituents of economic interest are reviewed and compared with the species already used for food, industry and medicine purposes. A further revision is included on some of its genus with potential interest and on current industrial oil crops such as Ridnus, Euphorbia, Aleurites, Sapium, Jatropha, etc. Finally, from an economic point of view, future prospects of some of these oils as raw materials for the chemical industry are given.La familia Euphorbiaceae contiene gran número de especies de las que se pueden obtener productos de interés económico como el caucho, la tapioca, ceras y aceites. En este trabajo se estudian en primer lugar las características botánicas y químicas de la familia y las peculiaridades de los aceites de sus semillas y se comparan con los de otras familias. En segundo lugar, se revisan otros compuestos químicos así como especies de interés económico utilizadas en alimentación, medicina o industria, incluyendo géneros con potencial interés y los actuales cultivos oleaginosos industriales como Ridnus, Euphorbia, Aleurites, Sapium, Jatropha, etc. Finalmente, desde un punto de vista de mercado, se apuntan las perspectivas de estos aceites como materias primas para la industria química.

  6. Uso del material informático como herramienta didáctica para el aprendizaje de las Matemáticas

    OpenAIRE

    Casas Lázaro, Sandra

    2014-01-01

    Este trabajo trata sobre el aprendizaje de las matemáticas en Educación Infantil a través de las TIC, tomándolas como una herramienta didáctica más dentro del aula. En dicho trabajo se plantea una Propuesta Didáctica en la cual se compara el aprendizaje de las matemáticas con y sin el uso de las Nuevas Tecnologías, con el fin de observar la capacidad de los niños y niñas por aprender matemáticas tanto de una forma como de otra. Pretendemos, así mismo, conseguir mayor motivación al mismo tiemp...

  7. Differential accumulation of volatile terpene and terpene synthase mRNAs during lavender (Lavandula angustifolia and L. x intermedia) inflorescence development.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Guitton, Yann; Nicolè, Florence; Moja, Sandrine; Valot, Nadine; Legrand, Sylvain; Jullien, Frédéric; Legendre, Laurent

    2010-02-01

    Despite the commercial importance of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. and L. x intermedia Emeric ex Loisel floral essential oils (EOs), no information is currently available on potential changes in individual volatile organic compound (VOC) content during inflorescence development. Calyces were found to be the main sites of VOC accumulation. The 20 most abundant VOCs could be separated into three sub-groups according to their patterns of change in concentration The three groups of VOCs sequentially dominated the global scent bouquet of inflorescences, the transition between the first and second groups occurring around the opening of the first flower of the inflorescence and the one between the second and third groups at the start of seed set. Changes in calyx VOC accumulation were linked to the developmental stage of individual flowers. Leaves accumulated a smaller number of VOCs which were a subset of those seen in preflowering inflorescences. Their nature and content remained constant during the growing season. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction assessments of the expression of two terpene synthase (TPS) genes, LaLIMS and LaLINS, revealed similar trends between their patterns of expression and those of their VOC products. Molecular and chemical analyses suggest that changes in TPS expression occur during lavender inflorescence development and lead to changes in EO composition. Both molecular data and terpene analysis support the findings that changes in biosynthesis of terpene occurred during inflorescence development.

  8. Derechos e integración: el acomodo razonable como instrumento para la igualdad material

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lola Borges Blázquez

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available RESUMEN El interés de este texto radica en explorar el nacimiento, la evolución y las características de un concepto que se desprende directamente del principio de igualdad y de no discriminación. De este modo, los jueces en un sistema de common law, y sin base legal explícita, han creado un mecanismo reparador de las lesiones a derechos fundamentales provocadas por un tratamiento homogéneo de las diferencias individuales. Es así como el acomodo razonable se convierte en garantía última del principio de igualdad. De origen estadounidense, ha sido la jurisprudencia canadiense la que ha contribuido principalmente al desarrollo de esta figura, de modo que una cultura de acomodos está ya plenamente arraigada en la sociedad canadiense, y funciona tanto a nivel institucional como a nivel privado. ABSTRACT The interest of this paper lies in exploring the birth, evolution and characteristics of a concept directly derived from the principle of equality and non-discrimination. That is how judges, in a common law system and without an explicit legal basis, have created a mechanism to restore fundamental rights damages caused by an homogeneous treatment of individual differences. Therefore, reasonable accommodation becomes the last guarantee of the principle of equality. Despite being originally American, Canadian jurisprudence has contributed the most to the development of this legal instrument. Therefore an accommodation culture is deeply rooted in Canadian society, and it works both in the institutional and in the private sphere. 

  9. Derechos e integración: el acomodo razonable como instrumento para la igualdad material

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lola Borges Blázquez

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available RESUMEN El interés de este texto radica en explorar el nacimiento, la evolución y las características de un concepto que se desprende directamente del principio de igualdad y de no discriminación. De este modo, los jueces en un sistema de common law, y sin base legal explícita, han creado un mecanismo reparador de las lesiones a derechos fundamentales provocadas por un tratamiento homogéneo de las diferencias individuales. Es así como el acomodo razonable se convierte en garantía última del principio de igualdad. De origen estadounidense, ha sido la jurisprudencia canadiense la que ha contribuido principalmente al desarrollo de esta figura, de modo que una cultura de acomodos está ya plenamente arraigada en la sociedad canadiense, y funciona tanto a nivel institucional como a nivel privado.   ABSTRACT The interest of this paper lies in exploring the birth, evolution and characteristics of a concept directly derived from the principle of equality and non-discrimination. That is how judges, in a common law system and without an explicit legal basis, have created a mechanism to restore fundamental rights damages caused by an homogeneous treatment of individual differences. Therefore, reasonable accommodation becomes the last guarantee of the principle of equality. Despite being originally American, Canadian jurisprudence has contributed the most to the development of this legal instrument. Therefore an accommodation culture is deeply rooted in Canadian society, and it works both in the institutional and in the private sphere.

  10. Tolerance induction to stress caused by lavender (Lavandula angustifolia extracts in the microalga Dunaliella salina through metabolic modifications and β-carotene production

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    Sahar Mazang-Ghasemi

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available The inhibitory or stimulatory effect of one plant on other plant species through the released chemical compounds into the environment, known as allelochemicals, is called allelopathy. In the present study, effect of aqueous extracts of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia leaves on growth pattern and ability of β-carotene production in unicellular green alga, Dunaliella salina was investigated. Based on these results, phenolics content and antioxidant capacity of the extracts was relatively low. Treated cultures with extract concentrations of 1, 2, 3 and 4 % showed that the process of cell division was ceased because of extracts phytotoxicity. However, the chlorophyll and β-carotene concentration pronouncedly increased in phytotoxin-treated cells, so that the highest of these values were detected in 3 % extracts-exposed cells. Percentage change of all three fresh weight, total sugar and protein between 0 and 48 h of phytotoxins treatment was significantly increased concurrently with increasing dose of extracts. These results suggest that D. salina tolerate allelochemicals-induced stress by metabolic modifications. Therefore, phytotoxins-tolerance mechanisms in D. salina are associated with physiological and metabolic adjustments by allocating the carbon flux to the synthesis of the sugars, chlorophyll and β-carotene, which induce phytotoxins stress tolerance in this alga.

  11. Aqueous extract of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) improves the spatial performance of a rat model of Alzheimer's disease.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kashani, Masoud Soheili; Tavirani, Mostafa Rezaei; Talaei, Sayyed Alireza; Salami, Mahmoud

    2011-04-01

    Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most important neurodegenerative disorders. It is characterized by dementia including deficits in learning and memory. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of aqueous extract of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) on spatial performance of AD rats. Male Wistar rats were first divided into control and AD groups. Rat model of AD was established by intracerebroventricular injection of 10 μg Aβ1-42 20 d prior to administration of the lavender extract. Rats in both groups were then introduced to 2 stages of task learning (with an interval of 20 d) in Morris water maze, each followed by one probe test. After the first stage of spatial learning, control and AD animals received different doses (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) of the lavender extract. In the first stage of experiment, the latency to locate the hidden platform in AD group was significantly higher than that in control group. However, in the second stage of experiment, control and AD rats that received distilled water (vehicle) showed similar performance, indicating that the maze navigation itself could improve the spatial learning of AD animals. Besides, in the second stage of experiment, control and AD rats that received lavender extract administration at different doses (50, 100, and 200 mg/ kg) spent less time locating the platform (except for the AD rats with 50 mg/kg extract treatment), as compared with their counterparts with vehicle treatment, respectively. In addition, lavender extract significantly improved the performance of control and AD rats in the probe test, only at the dose of 200 mg/kg, as compared with their counterparts with vehicle treatment. The lavender extract can effectively reverse spatial learning deficits in AD rats.

  12. EL USO DE Moringa oleifera COMO MATERIAL NATURAL PARA EL TRATAMIENTO DEL AGUA POTABLE EN PAÍSES EN VÍA DE DESARROLLO

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    Pablo Paredes Ramos

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available En los países en vías de desarrollo como el Ecuador, los productos químicos para potabilizar el agua del río suelen ser importados, lo que implica un gran desembolso de divisas. Para tratar de mejorar la situación antes descrita, se han efectuado investigaciones en búsqueda de alternativas para el tratamiento de aguas para consumo humano, se orientan hacia el uso de elementos naturales. Uno de estos elementos es la Moringa oleífera se la conoce también como el árbol milagroso, ya que todos sus componentes dan diferentes tipos de utilidad. Tanto la semilla como el extracto contienen una proteína natural catiónica que absorbida por los gránulos de la arena del medio filtrante, hace que se active la cama de arena mejorando las remociones de turbiedad y los coliformes fecales, y que puede ser aplicable a las comunidades rurales de países subdesarrollados como el Ecuador.

  13. Climate, streamflow, and legacy effects on growth of riparian Populus angustifolia in the arid San Luis Valley, Colorado

    Science.gov (United States)

    Andersen, Douglas

    2016-01-01

    Knowledge of the factors affecting the vigor of desert riparian trees is important for their conservation and management. I used multiple regression to assess effects of streamflow and climate (12–14 years of data) or climate alone (up to 60 years of data) on radial growth of clonal narrowleaf cottonwood (Populus angustifolia), a foundation species in the arid, Closed Basin portion of the San Luis Valley, Colorado. I collected increment cores from trees (14–90 cm DBH) at four sites along each of Sand and Deadman creeks (total N = 85), including both perennial and ephemeral reaches. Analyses on trees conditions was common. Models for trees farther from the channel or over a deep water table explained 23–71% of SGI variability, and 4 of 5 contained a streamflow variable. Analyses using solely climate variables over longer time periods explained 17–85% of SGI variability, and 10 of 12 included a variable indexing summer precipitation. Three large, abrupt shifts in recent decades from wet to dry conditions (indexed by a seasonal Palmer Drought Severity Index) coincided with dramatically reduced radial growth. Each shift was presumably associated with branch dieback that produced a legacy effect apparent in many SGI series: uncharacteristically low SGI in the year following the shift. My results suggest trees in locations distant from the active channel rely on the regional shallow unconfined aquifer, summer rainfall, or both to meet water demands. The landscape-level differences in the water supplies sustaining these trees imply variable effects from shifts in winter-versus monsoon-related precipitation, and from climate change versus streamflow or groundwater management.

  14. Caracterização dendrométrica de Dicksonia sellowiana Hook. em povoamento de Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol. Kuntze

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    Daniela Biondi

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available Due to its history of exploitation and intensive use in landscaping, the Dicksonia sellowiana Hook. (Dicksoniaceae is currently one of the Brazilian flora endangered species. The Paraná State laws prohibit its extraction; however, there is no research to support future management plans. This work characterized the natural occurrence of D. Sellowiana in an Araucaria angustifolia stand in the municipality of Rio Negro, Paraná State, using dendrometric variables after silvicultural intervention (clipping. D. sellowiana individuals (714 taller than the commercial height of 0.50 m were randomly sampled and assigned to the following treatments: plots with unclipped plants (T0, plots with plants clipped in the measurement (T1, and plots with plants clipped two years before in the measurement (T2. The variables analyzed were: density of the individuals/ha and plots, total and commercial caudex height (m, crown height (m, base diameter, crown (cm and frond (m, diameters, individual and total commercial volume. It was found significant difference between T1 and T2 for total height; between T2 and T0 and between T2 of T1 for crown and from diameters, individual commercial volume; between T0 and T1 and between TO and T2 for total commercial volume. The variables that characterized better the silvicultural interventions were the density of individuals and the total height. The occurred interventions revealed its importance for the management of the D. sellowiana because it favors the regeneration of the young plants for the conservation of the species, and benefits the development of the adult plants for its commercial exploitation.

  15. Evaluación del osteocoral como material de implante en bolsas infraóseas de dientes multirradiculares

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    Tania Sotomayor Marín

    1999-12-01

    Full Text Available Se evalúa la eficacia del osteocoral como material de implante en el tratamiento de bolsas infraóseas en dientes multirradiculares. Se analizaron 14 pacientes que se dividieron en 2 grupos: el primero incluyó a 6 pacientes con un total de 12 defectos, los cuales se evaluaron hasta los 6 meses. El segundo, con 8 pacientes y 16 defectos, que se reevaluaron a los 12 y 24 meses. En los 2 grupos se incluyeron pacientes de ambos sexos, que fueron implantados con osteocoral (grupo estudio y con hidroxiapatita (grupo control. Se realizó reparación inicial que incluyó remoción de cálculo y pulido de la superficie dentaria, educación y motivación y evaluación del cepillado, que debía mostrar valores iguales o mayores del 80 % en la remoción de placa dentobacteriana. Posteriormente se realizó el implante mediante operación a colgajo. Se realizaron radiografías de control a los 14 días, 6 meses (para el primer grupo y 12 y 24 meses (para el segundo grupo. Se controló sistemáticamente la higiene bucal en ambos grupos. Se controlaron nuevamente los indicadores clínicos a los 6 meses para el primer grupo, y a los 12 y 24 meses para el segundo. Se observó una disminución estadísticamente significativa en el índice gingival, profundidad de la bolsa y movilidad dentaria para ambos materiales implantológicos, sin que se reportaran grandes diferencias entre éstos. Radiográficamente se observó la presencia de relleno en el defecto original, y no hubo reacciones locales adversas, por lo que se consideró efectivo el tratamiento.Effectiveness of osteocoral was assessed as material for implants at infraosseous pockets of multirooted teeth. 14 analised patients were divided into 2 groups: first, included 6 cases and 16 defects, which were evaluated ultil 6 months. Second, included 8 cases and 16 defects, evaluated at 12 and 24 months. In both groups, males and women, were included underwent to implants with osteocoral (study group and

  16. Bacanora and Sotol: So Far, So Close

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    Alfonso A. Gardea

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available El propósito de este trabajo es familiarizar al lector con algunos aspectos relacionados, no sólo con dos bebidas alcohólicas de profundo arraigo en la cultura rural del México norteño, sino también con Agave angustifolia, conocido en Sonora como “agave (o mezcal bacanora”; y un grupo de especies del género Dasylirion, conocido en México como “sotoles”, y “desert spoon” o ¨cuchara del desierto¨ en los Estados Unidos de América. Ambas comparten múltiples características morfológicas, fisiológicas y ecológicas que les permiten vivir en ambientes áridos. De igual forma, también intenta señalar aspectos únicos de las dos denominaciones de origen que protegen la elaboración de esas bebidas y que han surgido en los albores de este siglo, así como a las normas que rigen su elaboración.

  17. Las leyendas regionales como intangibles territoriales

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    Eloy Martos Núñez

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available El artículo examina el concepto de leyenda como intangible territorial en diversas escalas, desde la local a la regional o nacional, y su relación con la construcción de mitos étnicos y la emergencia de tradiciones translocales. Para ello, se revisan la metodología de los estudios corográficos y las nociones de ecotipo y de paisaje cultural, así como la etnografía de los territorios simbólicos a la luz de conceptos como el clásico «témenos» y modernos como el «mytho-moteur» (Abadal, 1958. Se aplican estudios de casos que evidencian cómo es el Imaginario, en interacción con factores geohistóricos del lugar, el que a menudo acota y perimetrea un territorio a través de cauces como la fabulación legendaria y los ritos paralitúgicos, como procesiones o peregrinaciones. La conclusión es que las leyendas y los arquetipos de origen étnico y genealógico reescriben tradiciones que crean identidades y se pueden proyectar en ámbitos diferentes de la vida política o recreativa, con perfiles igualmente diferentes.

  18. Avaliação do uso das geotecnologias como recurso didático nas aulas de geografia

    OpenAIRE

    Nosoline, Inês Mário

    2011-01-01

    O presente trabalho objetivou explorar e mensurar a eficácia do uso de novas tecnologias, inclusive das geotecnologias, como recurso auxiliar nas aulas de geografia para o ensino fundamental. Para atingir os objetivos propostos, foi desenvolvida e avaliada uma metodologia de ensino para fornecer aos educadores uma forma de acesso a mapas digitais que poderão ser utilizados pelos alunos, e também contribuir para aulas mais dinâmicas a partir do uso de material mais atualizado, como imagens de ...

  19. Os Fundamentos da Caracterização do Direito ao Bom Ambiente do Trabalho como Direito Fundamental

    OpenAIRE

    Pes, João Hélio Ferreira

    2016-01-01

    Este trabalho objetiva verificar quais são os fundamentos da caracterização do direito ao bom ambiente do trabalho como direito fundamental. Inicialmente, conceitua o direito ao bom ambiente do trabalho. Logo a seguir, menciona a diferenciação entre fundamentalidade formal e fundamentalidade material do direito ao bom ambiente do trabalho à luz da teoria pós positivista. Por fim, apresenta alguns fundamentos substanciais da caracterização do direito ao bom ambiente do trabalho como direito fu...

  20. Toxicity of Lavandula angustifolia oil constituents and spray formulations to insecticide-susceptible and pyrethroid-resistant Plutella xylostella and its endoparasitoid Cotesia glomerata.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yi, Chang Geun; Hieu, Tran Trung; Lee, Si Hyeock; Choi, Byeoung-Ryeol; Kwon, Min; Ahn, Young-Joon

    2016-06-01

    Plutella xylostella is one of the most serious insect pests of cruciferous crops. This study was conducted to determine the toxicity of 21 constituents from Lavandula angustifolia essential oil (LA-EO) and another 16 previously known LA-EO constituents and the toxicity of six experimental spray formulations containing the oil (1-6 g L(-1) sprays) to susceptible KS-PX and pyrethroid-resistant JJ-PX P. xylostella larvae, as well as to its endoparasitoid Cotesia glomerata adults. Linalool and linalool oxide (LC50 = 0.016 mg cm(-3) ) were the most toxic fumigant compounds and were 10.7-fold less toxic than dichlorvos to KS-PX larvae. Either residual or fumigant toxicity of these compounds was almost identical against larvae from either of the two strains. Against C. glomerata, dichlorvos (LC50 = 7 × 10(-6)  mg cm(-3) ) was the most toxic insecticide. LA-EO was ∼1430 times less toxic than dichlorvos. The oil applied as 6 g L(-1) spray and emamectin benzoate 21.5 g L(-1) emulsifiable concentrate provided 100% mortality against larvae from either of the two strains. Reasonable P. xylostella control in greenhouses can be achieved by a spray formulation containing the 6 g L(-1) oil as potential contact-action fumigant. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.

  1. La razonabilidad como virtud

    OpenAIRE

    Muñoz Oliveira, Luis Humberto

    2008-01-01

    Consultable des del TDX Títol obtingut de la portada digitalitzada Esta tesis doctoral explora la idea de que la razonabilidad es una virtud fundamental para que las sociedades plurales puedan convertirse en, o mantenerse como, un sistema de cooperación donde la justicia sea posible. La hipótesis central es que la razonabilidad como virtud es una manera de ser tolerante de forma solidaria, es entender al conciudadano, escucharlo, saber que juntos acordaron las reglas de cooperación y ac...

  2. Potential electrode materials for symmetrical Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ruiz Morales, J. C.

    2008-08-01

    Full Text Available Chromites, titanates and Pt-YSZ-CeO2 cermets have been investigated as potential electrode materials for an alternative concept of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC, the symmetrical SOFCs (SFC. In this configuration, the same electrode material is used simultaneously as anode and cathode. Interconnector materials, such as chromites, could be considered as potential SFC electrodes, at least under pure hydrogen-fed at relatively high temperatures, as they do not exhibit significant catalytic activity towards hydrocarbon oxidation. This may be overcome by partially substituting Cr in the perovskite B-sites by other transition metal cations such as Mn. La0.75Sr0.25Cr0.5Mn0.5O3-δ (LSCM is a good candidate for such SFCs, rendering fuel cell performances in excess of 500 and 300mW/cm2 using pure H2 and CH4 as fuel, at 950 oC. Similarly, typical n-type electronic conductors traditionally regarded as anode materials, such as strontium titanates, may also operate under oxidising conditions as cathodes by substituting some Ti content for Fe to introduce p-type conductivity. Preliminary electrochemical experiments on La4Sr8Ti12-xFexO38-δ-based SFCs show that they perform reasonably well under humidified H2, at high temperatures. A third group of materials is the support material of any typical cermet anode, i.e. YSZ, CeO2 plus a current collector. It has been found that this combination could be optimised to operate as SFC electrodes, rendering performances of 400mW/cm2 under humidified pure H2 at 950oC.

    Cromitas, titanatos y cermets de Pt-YSZ-CeO2 han sido investigados como potenciales materiales de electrodo para un concepto alternativo de Pilas de Combustible de Óxidos Sólidos (SOFC, las pilas SOFC simétricas (SFC. En

  3. Josep Beuys : el arte como creencia y como salvación

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    María López Ruido

    1995-01-01

    Full Text Available Joseph Beuys, nacido en Cléveris (Renania del Norte-Westfalia en 1921 y faliecido en Dusseldorf en 1986, posee una obra madura casi desde un primer momento. Superficialmente podríamos verla como el canto a sí mismo de un gran narcisista, donde sus experiencias y su persona son los grandes protagonistas. En una lectura más profunda, estos hechos personales no son más que el medio para ir más allá del yo y dar lugar a una creación plástica de trascendencia social. Tras la 2- Guerra Mundial, en la que lucha como piloto de la Luftwaffe, estudia en la Academia de Bellas Artes de Dusseldorf. Será a partir de los años 60 cuando encontremos al auténtico Beuys, escultor objetual e instalador, el creador de la plástica social, y desde sus contactos con Fluxus en 1962, el Beuys accionista. En los 70, se nos presenta el artista más claramente politizado. La educación, la incidencia social del arte, el arte como «tercera vía o vía alternativa» entre socialismo y capitalismo, la ecología serán sus materiales de trabajo.

  4. La universidad como organización

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    Luis Aurelio Ordoñez Burbano

    2001-07-01

    Full Text Available El presente artículo versa sobre la unviersidad como organización y tiene como objetivo hacer una reflexión sobre la misión de la universidad colombiana en el marco de diversos entornos. Como punto de partida, se propone una precisión sobre la misión de la universidad moderna y la investigación, a diferencia de la universidad colonial y decimonónica limitada a la divulgación de conocimientos preexistentes.

  5. Present trophic conditions of the Como and Lecco basins of lake Como; Attuali condizioni trofiche dei bacini di Como e Lecco del Lario

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mosello, R.; Brizzio, M.C. [Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Verbania (Italy). Ist. Italiano di Idrobiologia; Garibaldi, L. [Milan Univ. La Bicocca, Milan (Italy). Dipt. di Scienze dell' Ambiente; Buzzi, P. [Azienda Sanitaria Locale, Lecco (Italy). Unita' Operativa Fisica e Tutela Ambiente; Colzani, L.; Pizzotti, E. [Azienda Sanitaria Locale, Como (Italy). Unita' Operativa Chimica; Mocellin, D. [Azienda Sanitaria Locale, Sondrio (Italy). Unita' Operativa Chimica

    1999-12-01

    Monthly measurements of temperature, water chemistry and phytoplankton performed from september 1997 to August 1998 in lake basins close the towns of Como and Lecco (Italy) are presented and discussed. Chemical variables show a high trophic level in both stations, more pronounced in the Como station due to unfavourable hydrological conditions and to urban and industrial sources of pollution, which show the predominance of Oscillatoria rubescens. [Italian] Il presente lavoro riporta i risultati di un'indagine condotta con campionamenti mensili dal settembre 1997 all'agosto 1998 nei bacini di Como e Lecco. Le variabili chimiche analizzate evidenziano, per entrambe le stazioni considerate, un elevato livello di trofia piu' pronunciato nella stazione di Come a causa di sfavorevoli condizioni idrologiche e per la presenza di sorgenti di inquinamento urbano e industriale, confermato dalla predominanza di Oscillatoria rubescens.

  6. Lavandula angustifolia Mill. Oil and Its Active Constituent Linalyl Acetate Alleviate Pain and Urinary Residual Sense after Colorectal Cancer Surgery: A Randomised Controlled Trial

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    So Hyun Yu

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Pain and urinary symptoms following colorectal cancer (CRC surgery are frequent and carry a poor recovery. This study tested the effects of inhalation of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. (lavender oil or linalyl acetate on pain relief and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS following the removal of indwelling urinary catheters from patients after CRC surgery. This randomised control study recruited 66 subjects with indwelling urinary catheters after undergoing CRC surgery who later underwent catheter removal. Patients inhaled 1% lavender, 1% linalyl acetate, or vehicle (control group for 20 minutes. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP, heart rate, LUTS, and visual analog scales of pain magnitude and quality of life (QoL regarding urinary symptoms were measured before and after inhalation. Systolic BP, diastolic BP, heart rate, LUTS, and QoL satisfaction with urinary symptoms were similar in the three groups. Significant differences in pain magnitude and urinary residual sense of indwelling catheters were observed among the three groups, with inhalation of linalyl acetate being significantly more effective than inhalation of lavender or vehicle. Inhalation of linalyl acetate is an effective nursing intervention to relieve pain and urinary residual sense of indwelling urinary catheters following their removal from patients who underwent CRC surgery.

  7. Lavandula angustifolia Mill. Oil and Its Active Constituent Linalyl Acetate Alleviate Pain and Urinary Residual Sense after Colorectal Cancer Surgery: A Randomised Controlled Trial

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yu, So Hyun

    2017-01-01

    Pain and urinary symptoms following colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery are frequent and carry a poor recovery. This study tested the effects of inhalation of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. (lavender) oil or linalyl acetate on pain relief and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) following the removal of indwelling urinary catheters from patients after CRC surgery. This randomised control study recruited 66 subjects with indwelling urinary catheters after undergoing CRC surgery who later underwent catheter removal. Patients inhaled 1% lavender, 1% linalyl acetate, or vehicle (control group) for 20 minutes. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), heart rate, LUTS, and visual analog scales of pain magnitude and quality of life (QoL) regarding urinary symptoms were measured before and after inhalation. Systolic BP, diastolic BP, heart rate, LUTS, and QoL satisfaction with urinary symptoms were similar in the three groups. Significant differences in pain magnitude and urinary residual sense of indwelling catheters were observed among the three groups, with inhalation of linalyl acetate being significantly more effective than inhalation of lavender or vehicle. Inhalation of linalyl acetate is an effective nursing intervention to relieve pain and urinary residual sense of indwelling urinary catheters following their removal from patients who underwent CRC surgery. PMID:28154606

  8. Utilización de Residuos industriales como opacificantes en pastas de gres porcelánico

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    Rivera, P.

    2010-10-01

    Full Text Available The present research was conducted to assess the feasibility of using two kinds of industrial wastes as opacifiers in porcelain tile bodies, as well as to define what pre-treatment would be required to prepare the wastes for such use. The characteristics of the wastes were analysed, first, to determine their chemical and mineralogical composition, as well as their behaviour when subjected to heat, in order to identify any undesirable substances and to establish suitable conditions for removing these with simple methods. This allowed suitable materials to be obtained for use in porcelain tile compositions. The effects were then studied of the incorporation of these pre-treated waste materials on porcelain tile characteristics. The results obtained indicate that the two waste materials used in this research have a significant opacifying capability, which makes them of great interest as possible raw materials for products that are not required to have maximum whiteness values. The only drawback detected in one of these wastes was that the porcelain tile composition needed to be slightly adjusted in order to ensure that its behaviour during firing did not change.

    La investigación se ha realizado con el objetivo de evaluar la viabilidad de utilizar dos residuos industriales como opacificantes para pastas de gres porcelánico, así como definir los tratamientos previos que serían necesarios para efectuar dicha incorporación. Inicialmente se han caracterizado los residuos, determinando la composición química y mineralógica, así como el comportamiento térmico, con el objeto de identificar las sustancias indeseables y establecer las condiciones adecuadas para eliminarlas mediante tratamientos simples. De este modo fue posible obtener materiales aptos para su incorporación a las composiciones de gres porcelánico. Posteriormente se han estudiado los efectos de la incorporación de los residuos tratados sobre las características del gres

  9. La sabidur?a como competencia gerencial

    OpenAIRE

    Pinzon-Barrios, Ana-Maria; Cort?s Zapata, Gabriela

    2012-01-01

    Aunque el concepto de sabidur?a ha sido ampliamente estudiado por expertos de ?reas como la filosof?a, la religi?n y la psicolog?a, a?n enfrenta limitaciones en cuanto a su definici?n y evaluaci?n. Por esto, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo, formular una definici?n del concepto de sabidur?a que permita realizar una propuesta de evaluaci?n del concepto como competencia en los gerentes. Para esto, se realiz? un an?lisis documental de tipo cualitativo. De esta manera, se analizaron divers...

  10. Revaluación de Philodendron hederaceum Schott (1829 como transferencia de Arum hederaceum Jacq

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dugand Armando

    1945-12-01

    Full Text Available La combinación Philodendron hederaceum: Schott, publicada en 1829 fide Endlicher y Schlechtendal 1831, se considera aquí como transferencia implícita pero válida de Arum hederaceum Jacq. (1760-1763. Los conceptos citados por algunos autores como "Arum hederaceum L." y "Arum hederaceum Willd." representan el mismo Arum hederaceum de Jacquin. "Ph. hederaceum Kunth 1841", excluyendo la referencia a "Martinica", también es el mismo Arum hetieraceum. Jacq. En cuanto a Ph. Jacquinii Schott 1856 es nombre superfluo y sinónimo de Philodendron hederaceum (Jacq, Schott, nombre este que se adopta aquí para la planta típica de Cartagena. EI nombre "Philodendron hederaceum Schott" de 1856, basado en una planta de la Martinica, representa un concepto distinto al de 1829 del mismo autor y por lo tanto se trata aquí como homónimo posterior ilegitimo.   Varios autores han considerado al Arum hetieraceum. Jacq. como especie dudosa, referible al Philodendron Hoftmannii Schott (1858 de Costa Rica. Por falta de material apropiado de aquel país no se puede resolver la cuestión por ahora. Ejemplares topotípicos, recientemente obtenidos no lejos de Cartagena, localidad clásica de Arum hederaceum. Jacq., han servido para esta revaluación.

  11. Aprendizagem como/na prática

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jean Lave

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available ResumoEste artigo considera como o estudo da cultura e da aprendizagem pode ser de particular relevância para o campo da antropologia sociocultural em geral. O termo mais importante na expressão “cultura & aprendizagem” talvez seja o logograma “&” – ou seja, coloca-se a questão sobre o que conecta cultura e aprendizagem, perguntando-se como esses termos estão relacionados. Como devemos compreender cultura e aprendizagem como instâncias produtoras delas próprias, e uma da outra, na prática? Recalibrando em termos relacionais, podemos dizer que não é possível abordar a “aprendizagem” ou “cultura e aprendizagem” sem o seu emaranhamento na vida político-econômica, nas lutas e disputas históricas, em suas coerências e incoerências, e na produção relacional e histórica da vida cotidiana. Através das lentes da teoria da prática social, os estudos etnográficos sobre aprendizagem na prática oferecem diferentes entendimentos sobre como certa vida e certas disputas e incoerências são produzidas.

  12. El mini computador de papy como instrumento de enseñanza de las operaciones básicas para alumnos con limitación visual

    OpenAIRE

    Rubiano, Diana; Zolaque, Francy; Mantilla, David; Rodríguez, Andrés

    2013-01-01

    La formación en la LEBEM se preocupa por suplir las necesidades de enseñanza-aprendizaje de los estudiantes, brindando espacios de formación que permiten conocer situaciones que un maestro enfrenta en su labor, como la enseñanza a estudiantes con limitación visual. Es así, como surge la propuesta de implementar un material didáctico útil y beneficioso, que permita desarrollar la actividad matemática; un material didáctico adaptado que acompañado del valor pedagógico del juego, facilita captar...

  13. Piezocomposites metal-cerámica como elementos activos en acelerómetros

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    Ochoa, P.

    2002-02-01

    Full Text Available Piezoelectric ceramic materials have an important number of applications that is continuing increasing. One of these applications is as driving element in the design of an accelerometer. They may be used in monitoring vibration for the automobile and aeroespacial industries and robotic or civil engineering. The cymbal transducer is a good candidate for accelerometer applications due to its high effective piezoelectric charge coefficients. In this work it is shown that changes in the geometry and size of the caps improve the performance of the sensor. The sensitivity of the cymbal accelerometer increases with decreasing cap size. The mechanical vibration response of the cymbal is studied and different properties, like resonant frequency, electromechanical coupling coefficient, and fastest response time are compared.

    Los materiales cerámicos piezoeléctricos presentan un número importante y en continuo aumento de aplicaciones. Entre éstas su utilización como elementos activos en el diseño de acelerómetros posibilita el control de vibraciones en la industria del transporte, aerospacial, robótica e ingeniería civil entre otras. Entre los múltiples diseños como material compuesto destaca, gracias a sus elevados coeficientes de carga efectivos, el denominado tipo címbalo. En este trabajo se comprueba que modificando la geometría y el tamaño de las cápsulas se optimiza el comportamiento del sensor. Concretamente una disminución en el tamaño de las cápsulas se traduce en un aumento de la sensibilidad del acelerómetro. También se muestran los espectros de impedancia y se comparan distintas propiedades como son la frecuencia de resonancia, coeficiente de acoplo electromecánico y tiempo mínimo de respuesta.

  14. Cartilagem esternal do frango como modelo experimental para o treinamento da rinoplastia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Caio Augusto Perete

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available Introdução: O estudo da rinoplastia representa grande dificuldade para a formação do cirurgião plástico, devido à complexidade técnica encontrada associada ao reduzido campo operatório. Alguns modelos experimentais, como o nariz do coelho, ovelha, cartilagem esternal do frango e também modelos tridimensionais do nariz humano já foram descritos. O objetivo do presente trabalho é relatar a experiência do serviço de cirurgia plástica na utilização da cartilagem esternal do frango como modelo experimental para o treinamento da rinoplastia. Método: Foi realizada documentação da utilização da cartilagem esternal do frango para o treinamento de técnicas empregadas na rinoplastia. Um peito de frango sem a pele foi preparado a partir da fervura em água por 20 minutos, com a finalidade de facilitar a separação do componente osteocartilaginoso necessário ao treinamento, sem comprometer a cartilagem. Resultados: A partir do material obtido, foi possível realizar a dissecção e manipulação estrutural da cartilagem. A facilidade em manipular as estruturas permitiu a confecção dos principais enxertos utilizados, como a simulação da retirada de enxerto de cartilagem septal, spreader graft, strut graft, enxerto de alar e enxerto de Sheen. Conclusões: O emprego da cartilagem esternal do frango para o treinamento da rinoplastia é de grande utilidade, visto que a habilidade técnica para a confecção de enxertos cartilaginosos exige experiência clínica e demorada curva de aprendizado. Este modelo oferece tecidos muito semelhantes ao material humano e pode ser obtido com facilidade e baixo custo.

  15. Como reescribir funciones aleatorias multivariadas como univariadas para hacer cokrigeage. La teoría

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    Adrian Martínez-Vargas

    2010-03-01

    Full Text Available En el año 2005 Martínez-Vargas formuló un sistema de cokrigeage puro heterotópico para estimar una función aleatoria regionalizada (RF Z*(x definida como la combinación lineal de n RF's univariadas Zi(x, cuyos coeficientes 1i(x son indicatrices de un set disyuntivo de categorías i. Aparentemente este modelo se contradice pues asume que las covarianzas cruzadas existen en un mismo punto, a pesar de su carácter puramente heterotópico. Para evadir dicha contradicción se redefinió el set de RF Zi(x como una única RF Z(x,i, siendo los puntos (x,i y (x,j no coincidentes si i y j no son iguales. La heterotopía fue simplemente considerada como una omisión de la RF Z(x,. en los datos y en los puntos a estimar, no impuesta por el modelo; entonces el resultado es simplemente un caso particular del cokrigeage clásico. Con esta notación se reescribió el sistema de cokrigeage clásico como el sistema de krigeage de la RF univariada Z(x,i, asumiendo que esta posee un drift definido como m(x,i,j, donde los miembros fl(x,i,j de m(x,i,j pueden ser linealmente dependientes o independientes. Bajo esta notación el sistema de krigeage se reduce a un sistema univariado, la existencia de más de una variable o la presencia de heterotropía no impone la necesidad de manipulaciones extras para definir el sistema de ecuaciones de krigeage, incrementándose la eficiencia computacional.

  16. A rota como memória

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    Patrick Fraysse

    Full Text Available No contexto de estudo do patrimônio por um ponto de vista comunicacional, este artigo permitiu-nos visualisar um objeto de comunicação por excelência « a estrada » como portador de informação a decifrar e a interpretar um documento, mas também como um repositário da memória coletiva, quer dizer um monumento. Paralelamente, a patrimonialização dos monumentos, dos conjuntos arquiteturais e sobretudo dos itinerários que os religam, dito de outra maneira, da estrada, assim como a sua documentarização (relatos de viagens, guias, bancos de dados participam de uma nova institucionalização da memória integrante também das estradas míticas como o caminho de São Tiago na França ou a famosa estrada 66 nos Estados-Unidos.

  17. Lanthanum chromite materials as potential symmetrical electrodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ruiz-Morales, J. C.

    2007-08-01

    Full Text Available A commonly used interconnector material has been tested as electrode for a new concept of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, where the same material could be used, simultaneously, as interconnector, anode and cathode. We have found that a typical substituted chromite, such as La0.7Ca0.3CrO3-δ (LCC can be considered a good candidate for such configuration, due to its high electronic conductivity in both reducing and oxidising conditions, and moderate catalytic properties for oxygen reduction and hydrogen oxidation. The symmetrical design renders performances of 100 mWcm-2 at 950ºC, using O2 and H2 as oxidant and fuel respectively. Performances exceeding 300 mWcm-2 can be predicted for a 100μm-thick YSZ electrolyte.

    Un material comúnmente utilizado como interconector ha sido probado como electrodo para un nuevo concepto de Pila de Combustible de Óxidos Sólido, en el cual el mismo material se utiliza, simultáneamente, como interconector, ánodo y cátodo. Hemos encontrado que una cromita típica como La0.7Ca0.3CrO3-δ (LCC puede ser considerada una buena candidata para dicha configuración, debido a sus altas conductividades eléctricas tanto en condiciones reductoras como oxidantes y una aceptable actividad catalítica para la reducción del oxígeno y la oxidación del hidrógeno. El diseño simétrico permite obtener rendimientos del orden de 100mWcm-2 a 950ºC, utilizando O2 e H2 como oxidante y combustible, respectivamente. Rendimientos que superan los 300mWcm-2 pueden predecirse para pilas con electrolitos de YSZ de 100 μm de grosor.

  18. Características generales, propiedades, yacimientos y aplicaciones de pirofilita. II. Yacimientos, aplicaciones y utilización como materia prima cerámica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sánchez Soto, P. J.

    1998-10-01

    Full Text Available In this work, the main world deposits of pyrophyllite are indicated according to the literature, showing the available production data. It is emphasized the research focusing on mining and characterization of raw materials containing pyrophyllite, which shows a marked applied interest. It is described and reviewed the most relevant applications of pyrophyllite and pyrophyllite raw materials, in especial refractories and ceramics, fillers, building materials, catalysts and as a high-pressure medium for synthesis of materials. Finally, it is also described and reviewed its use as raw material for the preparation of advanced materials, such as sialon, emphasizing the possibilities of application of pyrophyllite raw materials in our country as a result of distinct investigations of relevant interest performed by several Research Institutes and University Departments. It is deduced that pyrophyllite and pyrophyllite raw materials are increasing in relative importance in many applied fields, as compared with other layer silicates, such as talc and kaolinite.

    En este trabajo se indican los principales yacimientos mundiales de pirofilita según la bibliografía, los datos de producción disponibles, además de revisar las investigaciones más destacadas sobre prospección y caracterización de materias primas que contienen pirofilita y que presentan un marcado interés aplicado. Se realiza una amplia revisión de las principales aplicaciones a las que se destinan dichas materias primas, en especial para la preparación de materiales cerámicos y refractarios, su uso como carga, en la construcción, obtención de catalizadores y síntesis de materiales a alta presión debido a sus propiedades. Por último, se describen y revisan sus aplicaciones en la preparación de nuevos materiales y materiales avanzados, como son los sialones, destacando su potencial de utilización en nuestro país como resultado de diversas investigaciones de inter

  19. Obtención de una placa fotosensible como material de registro holográfico

    OpenAIRE

    García, C.; Pascual, I.; Fimia, A.

    2000-01-01

    In this article was showed the procedure of obtaining and depositing of photosensitive dry films uses as holographic recording materials. We compare the thickness and the uniformity of plates obtained with two different depositing method, with a manual depositor and an automatic depositor. The influence of the thickness on the behaviour of the material as holographic recording material has been studied.

    En este artículo se presenta, en primer lugar, el procedimiento de obte...

  20. Hoy como ayer

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rodríguez M.

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available Leyendo el artículo titulado “Los medicamentos baratos” de la revista La Farmacia Española, publicada en Madrid el jueves 21 de diciembre de 1893, uno se pregunta cómo puede ser que se reconozca la situación como si fuera de ahora mismo, cómo puede ser que estemos igual que hace más de cien años. Entonces eran los descuentos que se empezaban a extender en las farmacias, francesas sobre todo, y que amenazaban el prestigio profesional de todo el colectivo. Con frases como éstas se define la situación que se presentaba en aquel momento: “…el desprestigio de que vaya por unos cuantos desnaturalizándose el ejercicio de la farmacia en tal forma que se convierta en un comercio impuro y de la peor estofa; pero conviene mucho combatir con mano firme la tendencia a la baratería, tanto más cuanto que no puede dudarse que significa un rebajamiento a todas luces nocivo y que supone una desorganización que nos llevaría en breve a la más completa ruina, y lo que creo aún más grave, a la desmoralización y el desorden, que no se compadecen en modo alguno con lo que en realidad es hoy y ha sido siempre el ejercicio de una profesión genuinamente científica como lo es la de la farmacia”. La propuesta que se hacía para controlar la situación era “la limitación de farmacias, con vigilancia estrecha del Estado y tarifa uniforme oficial”, así como “hace falta mucha inteligencia y mucha unión, hace falta que nadie permanezca indiferente, que todos y cada uno pongan de su parte lo que puedan”. Nuestra profesión mezcla una doble vertiente sanitaria y comercial que no siempre es fácil mantener equilibrada y, por lo que se ve, esto ha ocurrido así desde siempre. El problema que existe hoy en día es la mercantilización de la farmacia, un desplazamiento de establecimiento sanitario hacia una simple empresa.

  1. Supercritical CO2 Extraction of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. Flowers: Optimisation of Oxygenated Monoterpenes, Coumarin and Herniarin Content.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jerković, Igor; Molnar, Maja; Vidović, Senka; Vladić, Jelena; Jokić, Stela

    2017-11-01

    Lavandula angustifolia is good source of oxygenated monoterpenes containing coumarins as well, which are all soluble in supercritical CO 2 (SC-CO 2 ). The study objective is to investigate SC-CO 2 extraction parameters on: the total yield; GC-MS profile of the extracts; relative content of oxygenated monoterpenes; the amount of coumarin and herniarin; and to determine optimal SC-CO 2 extraction conditions by response surface methodology (RSM). SC-CO 2 extraction was performed under different pressure, temperature and CO 2 flow rate determined by Box-Behnken design (BBD). The sample mass and the extraction time were kept constant. The chemical profiles and relative content of oxygenated monoterpenes (as coumarin equivalents, CE) were determined by GC-MS. Coumarin and herniarin concentrations were dosed by HPLC. SC-CO 2 extracts contained linalool (57.4-217.9 mg CE/100 g), camphor (10.6-154.4 mg CE/100 g), borneol (6.2-99.9 mg CE/100 g), 1,8-cineole (5.0-70.4 mg CE/100 g), linalyl acetate (86.1-267.9 mg CE/100 g), coumarin (0.95-18.16 mg/100 g), and herniarin (0.95-13.63 mg/100 g). The interaction between the pressure and CO 2 flow rate as well as between the temperature and CO 2 flow rate showed statistically significant influence on the extraction yield. Applying BBD, the optimum extraction conditions for higher monoterpenes and lower coumarin content were at 10 MPa, 41°C and CO 2 flow rate 2.3 kg/h, and at 30 MPa, 50°C and CO 2 flow rate 3 kg/h for higher monoterpenes and coumarin content. SC-CO 2 extraction is a viable technique for obtaining lavender extracts with desirable flavour components. The second-order model based on BBD predicts the results for SC-CO 2 extraction quite satisfactorily. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  2. Arcabouço biorreabsorvível como substituto dérmico.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lenon Cardoso

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available Introdução: O uso de polímeros biorreabsorvíveis é uma realidade nos procedimentos médicos. Eles representam uma alternativa viável para casos em que a regeneração tecidual é comprometida, pois são biocompatíveis. Desta forma, podem ser utilizados sob a forma de membranas para sustentar e guiar o crescimento celular, através do processo de reparação tecidual. Objetivo: Avaliação da eficiência de uma membrana biorreabsorvível porosa de PL-co- DLA-co-TMC como substituto dérmico associada ao enxerto cutâneo parcial em ratos Wistar. Metodologia: Criou-se um defeito de 1,5x1,5 cm no dorso de 40 animais, divididos em grupo controle, cujo defeito foi preenchido com enxerto de pele parcial, e em grupo tratado, nos quais foi implantada a membrana associada relação ao controle, e presença de anexos cutâneos, sugerindo que houve integração parcial do enxerto promovendo melhor aspecto cicatricial. O enxerto de pele ao enxerto. Os animais foram sacrificados 7 e 60 dias após o procedimento para análise macroscópica e microscópica. Resultados: O polímero se mostrou biocompatível, permitindo melhor regeneração da derme e menor contração desta estrutura, como ocorre em uma cicatrização por segunda intenção. O grupo tratado apresentou derme mais espessa e mais ampla em atuou como um curativo biológico protegendo a ferida. Conclusão: O material se mostrou apto a atuar como substituto dérmico. Novos estudos devem ser conduzidos para aprimoramento da metodologia do procedimento cirúrgico.

  3. ANALISIS PRELIMINARES DE UN FELDESPATO PARA SU CERTIFICACIÓN COMO MATERIAL DE REFERENCIA

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    Lizeth Mendoza Sánchez

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo se presentan los análisis cualitativos y semi-cuantitativos aplicados a un feldespato candidato a MRC (material certificado de referencia para la industria del vidrio. Los elementos que se encontraron por medio de FRX (espectrometría de fluorescencia de rayos X en el feldespato son Mg, Na, Fe, K, Ti, Zr, Al y Si. El análisis cualitativo por medio de difracción de rayos X demostró que el 81.6% del material analizado correspondía a un feldespato compuesto por sodio y potasio principalmente. Los análisis de homogeneidad física y química mostraron que el material era homogéneo con un tamaño de partícula no mayor a 63 μm y que todos los elementos de interés son homogéneos en muestras de 4 g.

  4. Obesidad pregestacional como factor de riesgo asociado a preeclampsia

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    Zoila Moreno

    2003-06-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Evaluar la obesidad como factor de riesgo de preeclampsia. Diseño: Estudio caso control realizado en el Hospital Dos de Mayo, Lima, Perú. Material y Métodos: Después de excluir 35 pacientes, se comparó 107 mujeres preeclámpticas con 107 gestantes normotensas, pareadas para edad gestacional (±1 semana. Se correlacionó peso pregestacional con la presencia de preeclampsia usando chi-cuadrado; se empleó t de student para comparar promedios y se controló variables confusoras usando la regresión logística. Resultados: La preeclampsia estuvo asociada con una edad de 35 años o más (OR 3,0; IC 95% 1,2 a 7,9, historia de preeclampsia en el embarazo previo (OR 5,4; IC 95% 1,6 a 17,9 y obesidad (OR 6,5; 6,2 a 2,8, considerada como el tercil más alto de los parámetros índice de masa corporal (IMC, pliegue tricipital y circunferencia braquial media en el grupo control. Existió significativa tendencia linear de riesgo de preeclampsia con estos parámetros (p< 0,001. Conclusiones: Las mujeres obesas deben ser cuidadosamente controladas, para reducir la incidencia de preeclampsia y sus complicaciones.

  5. High-energy asymmetric supercapacitors based on free-standing hierarchical Co-Mo-S nanosheets with enhanced cycling stability.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Balamurugan, Jayaraman; Li, Chao; Peera, Shaik Gouse; Kim, Nam Hoon; Lee, Joong Hee

    2017-09-21

    Layered transition metal sulfides (TMS) are emerging as advanced materials for energy storage and conversion applications. In this work, we report a facile and cost-effective anion exchange technique to fabricate a layered, multifaceted, free standing, ultra-thin ternary cobalt molybdenum sulfide nanosheet (Co-Mo-S NS) architecture grown on a 3D porous Ni foam substrate. The unique Co-Mo layered double hydroxides are first synthesized as precursors and consequently transformed into ultra-thin Co-Mo-S NS. When employed as an electrode for supercapacitors, the Co-Mo-S NS delivered an ultra-high specific capacitance of 2343 F g -1 at a current density of 1 mA cm -2 with tremendous rate capability and extraordinary cycling performance (96.6% capacitance retention after 20 000 cycles). Furthermore, assembled Co-Mo-S/nitrogen doped graphene nanosheets (NGNS) in an asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) device delivered an excellent energy density of 89.6 Wh kg -1 , an amazing power density of 20.07 kW kg -1 , and superior cycling performance (86.8% capacitance retention after 50 000 cycles). Such exceptional electrochemical performance of Co-Mo-S NS is ascribed to the good electrical contact with the 3D Ni foam, ultra-high contact area with the electrolyte, and enhanced architectural softening during the charging/discharging process. It is expected that the fabricated, unique, ultra-thin Co-Mo-S NS have great potential for future energy storage devices.

  6. Contabilidade gerencial como apoio ao "just in time"

    OpenAIRE

    Costa, Sérgio De Carvalho

    2010-01-01

    Descreve as técnicas da filosofia "Just in Time" e apresenta as modificações necessárias aos Sistemas Gerencias para que se tornem coerentes com a filosofia JIT, bem como meçam adequadamente a melhoria contínua da Empresa. Critica tanto o Custeio' Direto como o Custeio por Absorção, apresentando como alternativa o Custeio "ABC". Mostra como o JIT facilita o Custeio dos Produtos e destaca os aspectos estratégicos da Avaliação de Desempenho. Finalmente discorre sobre um estudo de...

  7. El Derecho Agrario como derecho para la paz

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ricardo Zeledón Zeledón

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Contenido: El Derecho agrario surgido de la paz y para la consolidación de la paz, como fuente e instrumento para su cumplimiento. La visión de Carrozza como conjunto de reglas destinadas al fin de la paz, y la equidad. Explicación de un Derecho agrario vinculado a la paz por su origen en los Derechos Humanos Económicos y Sociales. Evolución del Derecho Agrario en los Derechos Humanos de la tercera generación (principalmente ambiente, desarrollo y paz, en las nuevas dimensiones del Derecho agrario del futuro. Derecho agrario como derecho para la paz y el respeto de los derechos humanos. Desarrollo sostenible y agricultura del futuro. La nueva orientación de los institutos del derecho agrario como instrumentos de paz, dirigidos a cumplir los fines de la justicia social, el desarrollo económico y el equilibrio ambiental. Desarrollo como respuesta a los problemas del ambiente, alimentario, de la pobreza, indígena y de la mujer rural. El rol de la justicia agraria y ambiental como derecho para la paz. El derecho agrario, disciplina forjada en una concepción iushumanista, acorde con los derechos humanos y la paz. El derecho agrario como derecho para la paz.

  8. Los ritmos como terapia para la impulsividad

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    Mónica Triviño

    2012-10-01

    Full Text Available Investigaciones recientes muestran que el uso de patrones rítmicos facilita la respuesta óptima en el tiempo, por lo que el entrenamiento mediante ritmos podría proponerse como terapia novedosa ante problemas como la impulsividad. Esto podría beneficiar a pacientes con daño prefrontal o personas con trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH, que suelen mostrar conductas impulsivas, así como dificultad para estimar el paso del tiempo.

  9. DISEÑO ESTADÍSTICO PARA LA REMOCIÓN DE ROJO BÁSICO 46 UTILIZANDO TIERRA FULLER REGENERADA COMO MATERIAL ALTERNATIVO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Benjamín Zuluaga Díaz

    Full Text Available Diferentes materiales no convencionales han sido evaluados en los últimos años como adsorbentes para el tratamiento de efluentes coloreados provenientes de la industria textil. La tierra fuller (TF compuesta por distintos minerales, ha presentado una alta capacidad para la remoción de diferentes colorantes catiónicos, no obstante el rojo básico 46 (RB46, ampliamente utilizando en los procesos de tinción no ha sido estudiado sobre este material. En esta investigación se evalúan las mejores condiciones para alcanzar la mayor remoción del RB46 sobre TF mediante un diseño estadístico de experimentos bajo sistema discontinuo. Las variables analizadas fueron dosis de adsorbente, concentración de colorante y tiempo de contacto. La concentración final del colorante se cuantificó por espectrofotometría UV-Vis. Un diseño factorial 2³ y su posterior optimización a través de un diseño de superficie de respuesta central compuesta permitió alcanzar una remoción máxima del 99,07 % a una concentración de 35,0 mgL-1, una dosificación de 1,1 gL-1 y un tiempo de contacto de 8 h con un coeficiente de correlación ajustado del 96,79 %.

  10. Post-remediation use of macrophytes as composting materials for sustainable management of a sanitary landfill.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Song, Uhram

    2017-04-03

    To increase the remediation ability and life expectancy of a leachate channel in a sanitary landfill, the plants used for remediation were composted as a post-remediation management technique. Phragmites australis or Typha angustifolia used for phytoremediation in a landfill leachate channel was harvested and used as a co-composting material with sewage sludge. The macrophyte compost was applied to the slope of a landfill on which plants were introduced for revegetation and to plants grown in pots to test for acute effects of the compost. The compost of the macrophytes successfully increased soil moisture and nutrient contents both on the landfill slope and in the soil of the pot experiment. Additionally, the rates of photosynthesis and the nutrient contents increased for plants grown in macrophyte compost. Thus, the revegetation or restoration management of the landfill would improve with the macrophyte compost used as a soil conditioner. The harvest of the macrophytes has the additional benefit of improving the remediation function of the leachate channel. Therefore, to sustainably manage both the leachate channel and the landfill, the composting of post-remediation macrophytes is an environmentally friendly and economically affordable method.

  11. LOS ACTORES DEL ESCENARIO PEDAGÓGICO COMO COMPONENTE DEL MODELO PEDAGÓGICO PARA INDISCIPLINAR EL DERECHO COMO CIENCIA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jorge Eduardo Vásquez Santamaría

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Resultado del escenario pedagógico como plataforma inicial problematizadora a partir de la cual se identifican y describen fundamentos orientadores tradicionales y no tradicionales que permitan reevaluar el Derecho para acreditarlo como ciencia social, se exponen los resultados obtenidos en el trabajo de campo adelantado con abogados docentes y estudiantes de Derecho como sus actores pedagógicos, quienes representan los elementos “Quién” y “A quién” del modelo pedagógico, en este caso primordialmente tradicionalista, imperante en los currículos de los programas de Derecho deColombia.

  12. LA CUESTIÓN AGRARIA COMO ENFOQUE Y COMO PROBLEMA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Salgado

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available Este ensayo trata de llamar la atención sobre los problemas del agro hoy, colocando especial énfasis en la disrupción entre las razones tecnológicas -que se asumen como ideológicas-, económicas y políticas que han inspirado el desarrollo del agro, o mejor, sobre las cuales se han basado las políticas de crecimiento agropecuario.

  13. ESTUDO DA GERMINAÇÃO DE SEMENTES DE LAVANDA (Lavandula angustifolia Miller

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    E.M. AOYAMA

    1996-05-01

    Full Text Available Com o objetivo de estudar os efeitos do ácido giberélico, do efeito luz/escuro e do pré-resfriamento sobre a germinação de sementes de lavanda (Lavandula angustifolia Miller, empregou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições de 30 sementes cada, e os seguintes tratamentos: testemunha; GA3 100 ppm; GA3 200 ppm; escuro; GA3 100 e 200 ppm + 48 h de pré-resfriamento e GA3 100 e 200 ppm + 7 dias de pré-resfriamento. As sementes de lavanda foram pré-embebidas por 18 horas nas soluções de GA3 e em água destilada e depois colocadas em gerbox, com papel de filtro umedecido com água destilada. Nos tratamentos com pré-resfriamento as sementes foram mantidas em câmara fria por 48 horas e 7 dias à temperatura de 5° C; posteriormente, foram transferidas para o germinador, sob luz branca contínua à temperatura constante de 25°C. A contagem das sementes foi realizada de 2 em 2 dias até completar 30 dias de teste. Para a avaliação dos efeitos dos tratamentos sobre a germinação das sementes foram realizadas as seguintes observações: a porcentagem de sementes germinadas e b tempo médio de germinação (expresso em dias. A partir dos resultados obtidos pode-se verificar que os tratamentos com GA3, em conjunto ou não com pré-resfriamento, aumentaram significativamente a porcentagem de germinação, além de acelerar tal processo.To study the effects of gibbellic acid, of the light/darkness and of pre-freezing on the germination of lavender seeds, a randomized experiment was used, with five replications of 30 seeds, with the following treatments: control, GA3 100 ppm, GA3 200 ppm, darkness, GA3 100 and 200 ppm + 48 h pre-freezing and GA3 100 and 200 ppm + 7 days of pre-freezing. The lavender seeds were pre-soaked during 18 hours in GA3 and destilated water solutions, and thereafter placed in gerbox, using moistened filter paper. In the pre-freezing treatments the seeds were kept in a refrigerator for

  14. Dureza Brinell y parámetros termofísicos de la Guadua angustifólia - Kunth

    OpenAIRE

    Gordillo-Delgado,F.; Cortés-Hernández,D. M.; Mejía-Morales,C.; Bedoya-Pérez,A.F.; Ariza-Calderón,H.

    2012-01-01

    La Guadua angustifolia-Kunth es un recurso forestal que debido a sus características físicas y mecánicas ha sido utilizado principalmente en la construcción de viviendas, en la fabricación de laminados y de artículos decorativos. Además es una planta que desempeña un importante papel como protectora de cuencas hidrográficas, en la captura de CO2 y en la conservación de suelos. La caracterización térmica y mecánica de este tipo de materiales de origen biológico es de mucha importancia ya que p...

  15. Invivo Antimalarial Activity of Dodonaea Angustifolia Seed Extracts ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Tadesse

    powdered plant material was weighed by sensitive balance and soaked separately with distilled water and ... positive control) with six mice per group for each extract. ..... haematocrit was parasite-induced fall down to 43–44%, which occurred ...

  16. La realidad como materia novelable: Alejo Carpentier

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Raquel Arias Careaga

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available Desde que en 1897 Benito Pérez Galdós defendiera como materia prima legítima de la literatura «la vida misma, de donde el artista saca las ficciones que nos instruyen y embelesan» (Pérez Galdós, 1990: 159, el realismo como instrumento de indagación y análisis de la sociedad no ha dejado de crecer y expandirse. Realismo crítico, como este de Galdós, que implica una ampliación del concepto chato de «realidad», incluyendo en ella «recuerdos, sueños, imaginación, locura, símbolos» para contribuir a la formación de un «realismo total» (Rodríguez Puértolas, 2000, II: 93, al que se une también la asimilación de enseñanzas esenciales como la que representa la narrativa de Cervantes: La novelística de Galdós hunde sus raíces en el mejor Cervantes, como puede verse en su peculiar sentido del humor y de la ironía, en la concepción perspectivista de la realidad y en tantas otras cosas, algunas de ellas en verdad fundamentales. Así el concepto de la Naturaleza y sus relaciones dialécticas con el ser humano; así el Amor como elemento vital y animador del orden cósmico, muy alejado del idealismo vulgar romántico (Ibid., 93.

  17. La Soberanía Alimentaria como enfoque crítico y orientación alternativa del sistema agroalimentario global

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Diego Domínguez

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available En el contexto, de la intensificación de procesos de concentración de la tierra y apropiación privada de los recursos natura- les, así como del control de los sistemas agroalimentarios por parte de empresas transnacionales, el activismo campesino en la escala global ha lanzado en 1996 una consigna llamada “soberanía alimentaria”. La soberanía alimentaria –en tanto derecho– ha sido presentada como horizonte a ser alcanzado, pero a la vez designa un conjunto de experiencias ya en marcha en los dis- tintos países. En este artículo de reflexión (tipo II presentamos un análisis de esta plataforma política, tomando los principales documentos emitidos en sus congresos internacionales por la alianza internacional de organizaciones que la esgrimen, y los acontecimientos históricos que hacen a la trayectoria de la consigna. A partir de ello desplegamos un conjunto de interpreta- ciones acerca de la capacidad explicativa y la consistencia disruptiva que subyacen a la apuesta por la soberanía alimentaria. La soberanía alimentaria pretende operar tanto como enfoque analítico de la “cuestión agraria”, así como alternativa frente al despliegue de la agricultura capitalista como base material del paradigma civilizatorio industrial. Abstract In the context of the intensification of processes of concentration of land and private appropriation of natural resources and control of agro-alimentary systems by transnational companies, the peasant activism on a global scale in 1996 launched a slogan calling “food sovereignty”. Food sovereignty-as has been presented as right-horizon to be reached, but also designates a set of experiences already in place in different countries. This article reflection (type II present an analysis of the political platform, taking the main documents issued by the international congresses alliance of organizations that wield. From this we deploy a set of interpretations about the

  18. ANALISIS PRELIMINARES DE UN FELDESPATO PARA SU CERTIFICACIÓN COMO MATERIAL DE REFERENCIA

    OpenAIRE

    Lizeth Mendoza Sánchez; Edith Zapata Campos; Florianne Castillo Borja

    2010-01-01

    En este trabajo se presentan los análisis cualitativos y semi-cuantitativos aplicados a un feldespato candidato a MRC (material certificado de referencia) para la industria del vidrio. Los elementos que se encontraron por medio de FRX (espectrometría de fluorescencia de rayos X) en el feldespato son Mg, Na, Fe, K, Ti, Zr, Al y Si. El análisis cualitativo por medio de difracción de rayos X demostró que el 81.6% del material analizado correspondía a un feldespato compuesto por sodio y potasio p...

  19. El humanismo como paradigma de la enfermería como ciencia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Núñez Gómez Nicolás Arturo

    1999-12-01

    Full Text Available

    Humanism's philosophical conception is presented to development a paradigm of nursing science. The nursing from creation has been guided toward professional practice and category; of Care has been fundamental contribution. In this article our intends is to grow some fine general of reflection so that nurses contribute to development of a science called nursing and whose accent is man in their multiple dimensions.

    A partir del humanismo como concepción filosófica se presenta una propuesta para crear un paradigma de la enfermería como ciencia. Desde su creación, la enfermería se ha orientado hacia su práctica profesional y la categoría de cuidado ha sido su aporte fundamental. Este artículo se propone crear unas líneas generales de reflexión, para que las enfermeras aporten al desarrollo de una ciencia llamada enfermería y cuyo acento es el hombre en sus múltiples dimensiones.

  20. Randomized controlled trial for Salvia sclarea or Lavandula angustifolia: differential effects on blood pressure in female patients with urinary incontinence undergoing urodynamic examination.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Seol, Geun Hee; Lee, Yun Hee; Kang, Purum; You, Ji Hye; Park, Mira; Min, Sun Seek

    2013-07-01

    The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of inhalation of Salvia sclarea (clary sage; clary) or Lavandula angustifolia (lavender) essential oil vapors on autonomic nervous system activity in female patients with urinary incontinence undergoing urodynamic assessment. STUDY DESIGN, LOCATION, AND SUBJECTS: This study was a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial carried out in 34 female patients with urinary incontinence. The subjects were randomized to inhale lavender, clary, or almond (control) oil at concentrations of 5% (vol/vol) each. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, respiratory rate, and salivary cortisol were measured before and after inhalation of these odors for 60 minutes. The clary oil group experienced a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure compared with the control (p=0.048) and lavender oil (p=0.026) groups, a significant decrease in diastolic blood pressure compared with the lavender oil group (p=0.034) and a significant decrease in respiratory rate compared with the control group (p<0.001). In contrast, the lavender oil group tended to increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared with the control group. Compared with the control group, inhalation of lavender oil (p=0.045) and clary oil (p<0.001) resulted in statistically significant reductions in respiratory rate. These results suggest that lavender oil inhalation may be inappropriate in lowering stress during urodynamic examinations, despite its antistress effects, while clary oil inhalation may be useful in inducing relaxation in female urinary incontinence patients undergoing urodynamic assessments.

  1. Montagem e Imagem como Paradigma

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cesar Huapaya

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available O pensar como montagem e imagem tornou-se um método revelador nos processos de estudos práticos e teóricos do artista e dos pesquisadores nos séculos XX e XXI. Este artigo procura articular três formas de pensar por montagem: nas obras de Bertolt Brecht, Sergei Eisenstein e Georges DidiHuberman. O filósofo e historiador da arte Georges Didi-Huberman reinaugura o debate e o exercício de pensar a antropologia da imagem e a montagem como metalinguagem e forma de conhecimento.

  2. Mapa conceitual: seu potencial como instrumento avaliativo Conceptual map: its potential as an assessment instrument

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nadia Aparecida de Souza

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Os instrumentos avaliativos são numerosos; dentre eles, o mapa conceitual é uma das alternativas. Entretanto, cumpre questionar: quais as vantagens e as limitações do mapa conceitual como instrumento avaliativo? Assim, o presente trabalho objetivou delinear e analisar as vantagens e as limitações inerentes ao uso do mapa conceitual como instrumento avaliativo. A pesquisa privilegiou a abordagem qualitativa, na forma do estudo de caso. Desenvolvido durante o primeiro semestre de 2006 com 32 alunas do 3º ano de um curso de Pedagogia de uma universidade pública paranaense, o estudo utilizou questionário, entrevista e observação para a coleta de dados. A análise de conteúdo clássica facultou determinar as aprendizagens decorrentes da vivência, bem como a incidência de diferentes aspectos enunciados como facilitadores ou limitadores na utilização do mapa conceitual como instrumento avaliativo. Estes foram analisados não como antagônicos, mas como facetas de um mesmo fenômeno e, por isso, complementares e interdependentes.There is a great variety of instruments to assess learning. Conceptual maps are questioned in this text, as one of these possibilities. The objectives of this study are to identify and analyze the advantages and limitations inherent to the use of conceptual maps as assessment instruments. In the study, especially the qualitative approach is used in a case study. It was carried out during the first semester of 2006, involving 32 3rd-year students of a pedagogy course at a public university in the state of Paraná. The research was based on a questionnaire, an interview and observation for data collection. The analysis of the material allowed us to determine the actual learning emerging from the experience, as well as the incidence of different aspects which might have facilitated or hindered the use of conceptual maps as assessment instruments. These aspects were analyzed, not as opposites, but as complementary

  3. La biblioteca como editora de contenidos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alonso-Arévalo, Julio

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available Una de las características más innovadoras de la biblioteca del siglo 21 tiene que ver con la toma de una postura activa frente a la gestión y generación de contenidos. Con la llegada de la Web 2.0 las bibliotecas no sólo siguen salvaguardando y difundiendo información como han venido realizando a lo largo de su historia, también cada vez con más frecuencia crean nueva información con el objetivo de prestar los mejores servicios a sus ciudadanos, a través de recursos y servicios tales como la elaboración guías de investigación, boletines de alerta y novedades, recursos web, información a través de sus blogs, y como administradores de contenidos a través de repositorios y revistas de acceso abierto. Un paso más allá en esta dinámica tienen que ver con la biblioteca como editora y distribuidora de libros, especialmente en el ámbito local, siendo la impulsora, formadora, dinamizador y difusoras de las obras de los autores de su comunidad.

  4. Quando um primitivo é como um orbe? Quando um primitivo é como um orbe?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J. Hillis Miller

    2008-04-01

    Full Text Available Minhas estratégias de analise textual se tornarão mais ou menos evidentes na leitura que se segue. Sua proveniência deveriam tornar-se & cia. 0 ensaio foi inicialmente pensado come parte do livro The Linguistic Moment (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985. Aqui, como no livro, minha preocupação maior e com aqueles momentos em poemas em que a poesia como meio de comunicação constitui problema. Interessa-me particularmente a forma pela qual as fronteiras entre a linguagem conceitual e a figurative se tornam pouco visiveis no poema "A Primitive like an Orb", da última fase da poesia de Wallace Stevens.

  5. O fórum via Internet como fonte histórica: uma análise do fórum "Índio Pataxó"

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Flávia Millena Biroli

    2001-02-01

    Full Text Available

    Este trabalho visa discutir, a partir da relação entre o falado e o escrito, algumas possibilidades de tratamento dos dados lingüísticos do gênero "fórum". O método a ser utilizado parte da relação falado/escrito nesse gênero textual na Internet e busca situar os dados desse material como fonte para o historiador. A discussão se situa, portanto, no limite entre uma perspectiva que entenderia o texto como informação sobre um fato, buscando nele "o fato" como dado; e uma outra que o entenderia como um acontecimento histórico, buscando nele sua própria historicidade. Essa discussão faz eco com regiões de limites metodologicamente correspondentes no campo da Lingüística e da Sociologia, a saber: na Lingüística, o limite entre uma visão que toma os dados como propriamente lingüísticos e uma outra que os toma como fatos discursivos; e, na Sociologia, o limite entre uma visão que toma o texto como reflexo de uma estrutura social e uma outra visão que toma o texto como prática social.

  6. Female parthenogenetic apomixis and androsporogenetic parthenogenesis in embryonal cells of Araucaria angustifolia: interpolation of progenesis and asexual heterospory in an artificial sporangium.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Durzan, Don J

    2012-09-01

    Cell fate, development timing and occurrence of reproductive versus apomictic development in gymnosperms are shown to be influenced by culture conditions in vitro. In this study, female parthenogenetic apomixis (fPA), androsporogenetic parthenogenesis (mAP) and progenesis were demonstrated using embryonal initials of Araucaria angustifolia in scaled-up cell suspensions passing through a single-cell bottleneck in darkness and in an artificial sporangium (AS). Expression was based on defined nutrition, hormones and feedforward-adaptive feedback process controls at 23-25 °C and in darkness. In fPA, the nucleus of an embryonal initial undergoes endomitosis and amitosis, forming a diploid egg-equivalent and an apoptotic ventral canal nucleus in a transdifferentiated archegonial tube. Discharge of egg-equivalent cells as parthenospores and their dispersal into the aqueous culture medium were followed by free-nuclear conifer-type proembryogenesis. This replaced the plesiomorphic and central features of proembryogenesis in Araucariaceae. Protoplasmic fusions of embryonal initials were used to reconstruct heterokaryotic expressions of fPA in multiwell plates. In mAP, restitutional meiosis (automixis) was responsible for androsporogenesis and the discharge of monads, dyads, tetrads and polyads. In a display of progenesis, reproductive development was brought to an earlier ontogenetic stage and expressed by embryonal initials. Colchicine increased polyploidy, but androspore formation became aberrant and fragmented. Aberrant automixis led to the formation of chromosomal bouquets, which contributed to genomic silencing in embryonal initials, cytomixis and the formation of pycnotic micronucleated cells. Dispersal of female and male parthenospores displayed heteromorphic asexual heterospory in an aqueous environment.

  7. Estudio de materiales grafíticos comunes como aceleradores de evaporación de agua bajo irradiación luminosa.

    OpenAIRE

    Christoph, Rainer; Hernández, Ángel; Muñoz, Romeo; Ventura, Stanley

    2016-01-01

    Recientemente se ha descubierto que la tasa de evaporación de agua puede aumentar considerablemente, hasta por un factor de 3, utilizando un material de alto espectro de absorción de la luz visible como el grafeno. En el laboratorio de Nanotecnología de la Universidad Francisco Gavidia de El Salvador se han realizado pruebas con diferentes tipos de grafito disponibles localmente para determinar cuál de ellos es el más eficiente para la evaporación del agua. Este estudio tiene como objetivo ut...

  8. La transparencia como objetivo del desarrollo sostenible

    OpenAIRE

    Juan José Gilli

    2017-01-01

    El presente trabajo tiene por propósito precisar el significado de la transparencia en la gestión pública como una exigencia de carácter ético relacionada con la información que los agentes deben dar en el ámbito sus funciones, reconociendo al ciudadano como el dueño de la información que producen y guardan. La transparencia tiene un especial valor como herramienta para combatir la corrupción y, de esa forma, contribuir a la meta de lograr instituciones inclusivas y efectivas para el desarrol...

  9. LA EXPERIMENTACIÓN SONORA COMO ELEMENTO EDUCATIVO. UNA PROPUESTA PARA EL FOMENTO DE LA LECTURA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alberto González Pérez

    2014-04-01

    Full Text Available El siguiente escrito pretende ser un primer acercamiento a la relación que puede tener el sonido y el fomento de la lectura. Mucho se ha escrito sobre el tema del fomento a la lectura, de los hábitos lectores y qué textos son considerados materiales de lectura. Sin embargo, el fracaso de diversos proyectos se debe a una concepción errónea y limitado que tenemos del término lectura, ya que comúnmente encerramos esa expresión a una interacción con los libros de texto, todo lo que no entra en ese estándar no es considerado comomaterial para leer”. De ahí que un primer paso sea ampliar la noción de lectura para incorporar otros elementos. Es así como nace la inquietud por pensar el sonido como un elemento que tiene la potencialidad de ampliar nuestra visión de la lectura.PALABRAS CLAVE: fomento de la lectura; experimentación sonora; elemento educativoTHE SOUND EXPERIMENTATION AS EDUCATIONAL ELEMENT. A PROPOSAL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE READING ABSTRACTThe following one written it seeks to be a first approach to the relationship that can have the sound and the development of the reading. A lot it has been written on the topic from the development to the reading, of the habits readers and what texts reading materials are considered. However, the failure of diverse projects is due since commonly to an erroneous and limited conception that we have of the term reading, we contain that expression to an interaction with the text books, all that doesn't enter in that standard is not considered as "material to read". With the result that a first step is to enlarge the reading notion to incorporate other elements. It is as well as the restlessness is born to think the sound like an element that has the potentiality of enlarging our vision of the reading.KEYWORDS: foment of the reading; sound experimentation; educational element

  10. A montagem cinematográfica como ato criativo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Dora Genis Mourão

    2006-06-01

    Full Text Available O foco deste trabalho é refletir sobre a montagem cinematográfica como ato criativo, não a montagem pensada como simples agenciadora de planos, mas como criadora de sentidos. É na maneira como o cinema articula e aproxima as imagens e os sons que verificamos sua transformação em discurso. Criam-se novos sentidos, uma nova lógica onde os significados não são transparentes, nascida da associação de fragmentos. Justapõem-se duas realidades: a da vida propriamente dita e a do filme, a do discurso e, ainda dentro do filme, a justaposição de planos determinando novas leituras das Imagens. Partindo dos princípios da teoria da montagem cinematográfica de S. M. Eisenstein, faremos um rápido panorama de como o cinema, no decorrer de sua história, foi influenciado pelos conceitos desenvolvidos em sua teoria.

  11. Otimização do processo de nitrificação com o uso de conchas de ostras como material suporte em reatores aeróbios com biomassa fixa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Elisa Magri

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available A preservação dos mananciais de água traz como ponto de atuação primordial o tratamento dos esgotos sanitários a nível terciário. A partir daí destaca-se a necessidade de otimizar os sistemas de remoção de nutrientes, buscando-se processos mais estáveis, economicamente viáveis e ambientalmente sustentáveis. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar conchas de ostras como material de preenchimento em um biofiltro aerado submerso, assumindo-se a hipótese de que as mesmas podem interagir com a fase líquida do reator, fornecendo alcalinidade necessária à estabilidade do processo de nitrificação autotrófica. Uma série de condições operacionais foi avaliada visando à nitrificação; portanto, foi possível concluir que, no biofiltro aerado submerso com conchas de ostras, podem ser aplicadas taxas hidráulicas >5,2 m³.m-2.d-1 e tempo de detenção hidráulico <7,5 horas, desde que a relação carbono: nitrogênio seja mantida abaixo de quatro. As conchas de ostras mantiveram o sistema tamponado (pH=7,5±0,3, mesmo com uma intensa atividade nitrificante no reator (100%.

  12. Construcción rural como representación. Infraestructura agrícola menor en el valle central de Chile

    OpenAIRE

    Juan Paulo Alarcón

    2017-01-01

    Los gallineros, secadores de maíz, bodegas, caballerizas, etc. del valle central de Chile son construcciones menores que funcionan como infraestructuras que complementan la producción agrícola básica y de pequeña escala que allí se desarrolla con lo cual su resolución, que roza lo arcaico, está desprovista de un germen disciplinar. Estas construcciones, si bien pueden ser la culminación material de una idea, más bien se plantean como la representación en sí misma de un proyecto, en un es...

  13. UTILIZAÇÃO DA BUCHA VEGETAL DE CURCUBITÁCEA COMO MATERIAL SUPORTE EM REATOR ANAERÓBIO DE LEITO FIXO / USE OF CUCURBITACEOUS BUSH AS SUPPORT MATERIAL IN ANAEROBIC FIXED BED REACTOR

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    T. B. Magassy

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available Este projeto avaliou o desempenho de um sistema para tratamento de esgoto sanitário operando de modo contínuo e sem recirculação da fase líquida. O trabalho se diferencia por utilizar a bucha vegetal de curcubitácea como material suporte do reator, pouco estudada para essa finalidade de tratamento biológico de efluentes. Esse material se caracteriza por ser leve, barato e facilmente encontrado na região do alto sertão alagoano, além de ser integralmente natural e com características favoráveis à imobilização de biomassa. A bucha curcubitácea vem se mostrando bastante eficiente para o tratamento de efluentes líquidos, relacionando os conceitos de sustentabilidade e eficiência. Foi utilizado um reator anaeróbio, em escala de bancada, de leito fixo e fluxo contínuo de escoamento ascendente. O desempenho do sistema foi avaliado em três diferentes tempos de detenção hidráulica (TDH, 8, 6 e 4 horas. Os valores efluentes médios para nitrogênio amoniacal foram de 22,71 mg N/L; 27,97 mg N/L; e 32,40 mg N/L para tempos de detenção hidráulica (TDH, 8, 6 e 4 horas, respectivamente. Em termos de remoção de matéria orgânica representada pela DQO, o reator apresentou eficiência média de 73,0%, 59,7% e 64,0% para cada tempo estudado. Nesta pesquisa, foi desenvolvido um sistema de tratamento de esgoto sanitário estável, confiável e eficiente, em escala de bancada (experimental, baseado nos princípios do tratamento de efluentes por via biológica.

  14. Tuberculosis como enfermedad ocupacional Tuberculosis as occupational disease

    OpenAIRE

    Alberto Mendoza-Ticona

    2012-01-01

    Existe evidencia suficiente para declarar a la tuberculosis como enfermedad ocupacional en diversos profesionales especialmente entre los trabajadores de salud. En el Perú están normados y reglamentados los derechos laborales inherentes a la tuberculosis como enfermedad ocupacional, como la cobertura por discapacidad temporal o permanente. Sin embargo, estos derechos aún no han sido suficientemente socializados. En este trabajo se presenta información sobre el riesgo de adquirir tuberculosis ...

  15. A Imagem como Ruína

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Míriam Volpe

    2001-12-01

    Full Text Available O dialogismo ente o filme Citizen Kane, de Orson Welles, e o poema “Kubla Khan”, de S.T. Coleridgé, é analisado, sendo evidenciados não só o tema em comum – o mito do Paraíso perdido – como também a similariedade na organização do disurso na justaposição das images, como fragmentos da memória a serem preservados.

  16. Identification of Aroma Compounds of Lamiaceae Species in Turkey Using the Purge and Trap Technique

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ahmet Salih Sonmezdag

    2017-02-01

    Full Text Available The present research was planned to characterize the aroma composition of important members of the Lamiaceae family such as Salvia officinalis, Lavandula angustifolia and Mentha asiatica. Aroma components of the S. officinalis, L. angustifolia and M. asiatica were extracted with the purge and trap technique with dichloromethane and analyzed with the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS technique. A total of 23, 33 and 33 aroma compounds were detected in Salvia officinalis, Lavandula angustifolia and Mentha asiatica, respectively including, acids, alcohols, aldehydes, esters, hydrocarbons and terpenes. Terpene compounds were both qualitatively and quantitatively the major chemical group among the identified aroma compounds, followed by esters. The main terpene compounds were 1,8-cineole, sabinene and linalool in Salvia officinalis, Lavandula angustifolia and Mentha asiatica, respectively. Among esters, linalyl acetate was the only and most important ester compound which was detected in all samples.

  17. Identification of Aroma Compounds of Lamiaceae Species in Turkey Using the Purge and Trap Technique

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sonmezdag, Ahmet Salih; Kelebek, Hasim; Selli, Serkan

    2017-01-01

    The present research was planned to characterize the aroma composition of important members of the Lamiaceae family such as Salvia officinalis, Lavandula angustifolia and Mentha asiatica. Aroma components of the S. officinalis, L. angustifolia and M. asiatica were extracted with the purge and trap technique with dichloromethane and analyzed with the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) technique. A total of 23, 33 and 33 aroma compounds were detected in Salvia officinalis, Lavandula angustifolia and Mentha asiatica, respectively including, acids, alcohols, aldehydes, esters, hydrocarbons and terpenes. Terpene compounds were both qualitatively and quantitatively the major chemical group among the identified aroma compounds, followed by esters. The main terpene compounds were 1,8-cineole, sabinene and linalool in Salvia officinalis, Lavandula angustifolia and Mentha asiatica, respectively. Among esters, linalyl acetate was the only and most important ester compound which was detected in all samples. PMID:28231089

  18. El Derecho como práctica y como discurso. La perspectiva de la persona como garantía de objetividad y razonabilidad en la interpretación

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    PILAR ZAMBRANO

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available El trabajo se propone ofrecer una comprensión tanto de los orígenes como de los límites de la problematicidad de la interpretación jurídica -en particular, aunque no de modo único, de la interpretación constitucional-, focalizada en la estructura intencional del Derecho como discurso escrito y como práctica social. En cuanto discurso, el Derecho se concibe como un conjunto de "actos del habla"; en tanto práctica social, la comprensibilidad del Derecho se vincula a los fines o a las intenciones que se proponen sus participantes y que lo distinguen de otras prácticas sociales. Se concluye desde esta doble perspectiva que, lejos de ser un método entre otros, la interpretación teleológica es la estructura formal indisponible de toda interpretación jurídica. Sobre esta base se intenta mostrar que, aunque la proyección teleológica del Derecho opere como causal de la problematicidad de la interpretación jurídica, al mismo tiempo se constituye en el límite o marco para la dimensión creativa de la interpretación. A partir de aquí se defiende la tesis de que la problematicidad de la interpretación jurídica no es sinónimo de arbitrariedad en el Derecho constitucionalizado, al menos si se asumen dos postulados. Primero, que la abstracción del lenguaje jurídico es indeterminación, pero no vaguedad. Segundo, que los fines últimos del Derecho se ligan a una concepción de persona objetiva -metafísica, no política-.

  19. LAS CIUDADES COMO TERRITORIO DE LA EDUCACIÓN INTEGRAL

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    Maria Silvia Serra

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available RESUMEN: Habitar las ciudades es un proceso en el que se encuentran anudadas cuestiones materiales y simbólicas. Este lazo debe ser atendido y puesto en valor en términos históricos y culturales ya que forma parte de nuestro aprendizaje como sujetos urbanos. En este sentido, tal como afirma Andreas Huyssen (2002: 191 "...la ciudad funciona como un tipo de prisma" que permite "enfocar" una multiplicidad de temáticas que no están solo ligadas al urbanismo o a la arquitectura, sino también a experiencias culturales y construcciones simbólicas que articulan el hecho concreto de vivir en las ciudades. Es así que, siguiendo a este autor, podemos afirmar que la ciudad es un texto que puede ser leído como un verdadero espacio de signos. Una casa, un barrio, un edificio, los espacios públicos, las calles y veredas, los monumentos son reservorios de un tiempo y una memoria que requieren de una multiplicidad de lecturas para transformarse en escenarios de aprendizajes integradores. Cuestionar a la ciudad como territorio de la educación integral así como reconocer las cuestiones centrales que se ponen a prueba cuando esto se postula como una política pública son los objetivos principales del presente artículo, para lo cual proponemos un recorrido a partir de considerar conceptos nodales como los de educación integral y pedagogía urbana.

  20. Estudio de la aplicación del árido reciclado mixto en hormigón poroso y como relleno de zanjas en la ciudad de Barcelona

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Etxeberria, M.

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available This study details two pilot tests carried out within the city of Barcelona, concerning the reuse of CDW in innovative initiatives. The first case study deals with the use of mixed recycled aggregate (MRA in the production of a pervious concrete to be employed as a draining base for paving. Once the pervious concrete had been characterized within the laboratory, a pilot test was carried out and the concrete’s properties of density, compressive strength, permeability and leached components were determined by test specimens. Permeability was also tested on-site. The second case study deals with an analysis of the debris material obtained from trenches in order to determine its suitability as recycled material for trenches backfilling. The material was validated in accordance to PG3 requirements of modified proctor, CBR, liquid limit, plastic limit and plasticity index. In accordance with the obtained results, the MRA were validated for defined case studies.En este artículo se presentan dos pruebas piloto llevadas a cabo como iniciativas innovadoras en la reutilización de RCD en la ciudad de Barcelona. Por un lado se estudió el uso de árido reciclado mixto (ARM en la fabricación de hormigón poroso como base de una pavimentación drenante. Una vez caracterizado el hormigón a nivel de laboratorio, se llevó a cabo la prueba piloto. A nivel probeta se determinó la densidad, resistencia a compresión y la permeabilidad asi como los componentes lixiviados. La permeabilidad también se determinó in situ. Por otro lado, el material de escombro de zanjas se analizó para utilizarlo como material reciclado de relleno de zanjas. El material fue validado de acuerdo a los ensayos del PG3 de Proctor Modificado, CBR, Límite líquido, límite plástico e índice de plasticidad. De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos, los ARM fueron validados para los casos de estudio llevados a cabo.

  1. La sangre como espectáculo.

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    Rubén Darío Buitrón

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available El autor asevera que cuando la información es concebida y tratada como una mercancía y no como un bien social, la avidez por el lucro la degenera en productos abyectos donde la sangre es espectáculo que sirve para exacerbar el morbo social, incrementar las ventas y los ingresos publicitarios. Señala que lamentablemente en el Ecuador este tipo de periodismo es una plaga muy bien vendida.

  2. Los sistemas intertextuales transmedia como estrategia pedagógica: De The Walking Dead® a La Odisea

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Diego Montoya Bermúdez

    2015-10-01

    Full Text Available El presente artículo asume el estudio del fenómeno transmedia como un conjunto de relaciones intertextuales que involucra no sólo condiciones narrativas, sino también antropológicas, con dos objetivos: primero, el de estructurar un sistema intertextual que sirva de herramienta para el análisis de productos transmedia propios de la industria cultural; y segundo, el de generar claves posibles de ser usadas como estrategia pedagógica en el aula de clases para motivar la lectura y escritura en conjunto con otros sistemas simbólicos. Así, el artículo introduce al lector en el fenómeno de la transmedialidad, el cual es posteriormente revisado a partir de las propuestas de Henry Jenkins y Marsha Kinder que nos sirven como material para la elaboración de un Sistema Intertextual Transmedial, el cual se aplica como metodología para el análisis de un caso de la industria del entretenimiento, The Walking Dead®. A partir de lo anterior y a manera de resultados, el texto identifica claves propias de este tipo de sistemas transmediales, las cuales son aplicadas como estrategias pedagógicas para la enseñanza en los niveles de educación básica secundaria y media en los colegios, como se evidenciará en el estudio a La Odisea. Finalmente, a modo de conclusión expone la importancia de explorar las posibilidades que ofrece el estudio y la reflexión transmedial en ámbitos que trasciendan el mundo del entretenimiento.

  3. Viability of utilization of waste materials from ceramic products in precast concretes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sánchez de Rojas, M. I.

    2001-12-01

    Full Text Available The recycled and re-valuation process of waste materials involves studies lead to a deep acknowledges of them, finding applications for their intended use. The waste materials from ceramic products can be recycled into the construction sector, as arid or pozzolanic materials. The current work deals with the incorporation of ceramic materials in these two different ways, checking the behaviour of the elaborated mortar by mean of laboratory tests. Also, tests are developed in factory, using these as components for precast concrete tiles.

    Todo proceso de reciclado y revalorización de residuos implica estudios encaminados a un conocimiento profundo de los mismos, de forma que se busquen aplicaciones concretas de uso. Los materiales de desecho procedentes de productos cerámicos pueden ser reciclados dentro del sector de la construcción, ya sea como áridos o como materiales puzolánicos. El presente trabajo aborda la incorporación de materiales cerámicos desde estas dos vertientes, comprobando, en cada caso, el comportamiento de los morteros elaborados mediante ensayos de laboratorio. También se llevan a cabo pruebas en fábrica, siendo utilizados como componentes en prefabricados de hormigón.

  4. O livro didático como mercadoria The textbook as commodity

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kazumi Munakata

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available Para Marx, a mercadoria é a principal categoria para o entendimento do capitalismo. Mediadora das relações sociais, ela é, antes, uma coisa que serve para realizar as necessidades do ser humano. Num regime baseado na troca, o valor de uso da mercadoria, que se refere à sua utilidade para satisfazer essas necessidades, aparece também como suporte material do valor de troca, pelo qual as mercadorias são trocadas no mercado. Com o livro didático não é diferente. Como valor de uso, satisfaz as necessidades de certa expectativa dita educacional, mas, para realizar a satisfação dessas necessidades, subordina-se ao valor de troca e às suas determinações. O presente artigo busca traçar historicamente essa duplicidade do livro didático, com ênfase na sua configuração no Brasil.For Marx, commodity is the main category for understanding capitalism. Mediator of social relations, it is rather a thing that serves to satisfy some human needs. In a system based on the exchange, the use-value of the commodity, which refers to its usefulness to satisfy those needs, also appears as a material support for the exchange value whereby commodities are exchanged in the market. The textbook is not different. As use-value, it satisfies the needs of some educational expectations, but in order to meet those needs it is subordinated to the exchange-value and its determinations. This article examines historically the twofold character of the textbook, with emphasis on its configuration in Brazil.

  5. Compost de ave de corral como componente de sustratos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lorena Alejandra Barbaro¹

    2011-07-01

    Full Text Available El sustrato para cultivo es un material que colocado en un contenedor permite el anclaje del sistema radicular, proporcionando agua y nutrientes. Entre los materiales empleados para formular sustratos se encuentran los compost. Entre ellos el compost de cama de ave de corral (CAC, elaborado en base al estiércol de aves mezclado con los materiales que forman su lecho. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar dos compost de CAC como componente de sustrato, mediante el desarrollo de plantas de Coral (Salvia splendens. Uno de los compost contenía cama de stud (CAC+S durante su compostaje. Se formularon sustratos con diferentes proporciones de compost de CAC, compost de corteza de pino y pinocha, luego fueron analizados física y químicamente. A las plantas cultivadas en cada sustrato se midió la longitud y el diámetro del tallo, peso fresco y seco de la parte aérea y radicular. La densidad, porosidad y capacidad de retención de agua de todos los sustratos fueron aceptables. El pH de ambos compost de CAC fue mayor a 6,3, y los valores de las mezclas se encontraron dentro del rango aceptable. Todos los sustratos superaron 1 dS m-1 (1+5 v/v, principalmente los formulados con compost de CAC+S, cuyo material puro contenía altos niveles salinos. Al disminuir el porcentaje de CAC en las mezclas, diminuyó la concentración de cada nutriente. Las plantas cultivadas en el sustrato comercial y en las mezclas con 20% de CAC fueron las que lograron los mayores pesos aéreos y radiculares, diámetro y longitud del tallo. Por lo tanto, el compost de ave de corral podría ser una alternativa viable como componente de sustrato si se lo utiliza hasta un 20%.

  6. LOS DERECHOS FUNDAMENTALES COMO NORMAS JURÍDICAS MATERIALES EN LA TEORÍA DE ROBERT ALEXY

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    María Dolores Pérez Jaraba

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available RESUMEN. La teoría de los derechos fundamentales de Robert Alexy se fundamenta en un concepto material de norma jurídica que es de carácter doble. Por un lado, se define por los rasgos propios de los principios, en consonancia con la idea de argumentación correcta. Pero, por otro lado, sigue teniendo peso la validez jurídica de las normas que contienen derechos fundamentales, consideradas como reglas constitucionales. Tal y como se argumenta en el trabajo, esta ambigüedad de la teoría de la norma de Alexy permite distintos acercamientos, positivistas y no positivistas, que es signo de su riqueza teórica. ABSTRACT. The theory of the civil rights of Robert Alexy is based on a material concept of rule of law. It is two-fold. On the one hand, is defined by the traits of the principles, consistent with the idea of ??correct argument. But on the other hand, weight is still the legal validity of the rules contained civil rights, constitutional rules considered. As argued in the work, this ambiguity of the norm theory allows for different approaches Alexy, positivist and positivist, which is a sign of its theoretical richness

  7. La fatiga como estado motivacional subjetivo

    OpenAIRE

    D. Cárdenas; J. Conde-González; J.C. Perales

    2017-01-01

    Actualmente no existe consenso sobre los factores que determinan la aparición de la fatiga. Hay factores que se derivan exclusivamente del esfuerzo físico, otros que dependen del esfuerzo mental que este lleva aparejado, y otros de los resultados de la tarea que se está realizando. Como consecuencia, se han desarrollado diferentes modelos explicativos que pretenden aunar las diferentes razones de su aparición. No obstante, la tendencia actual es entender la fatiga como un estado motivacion...

  8. Utilización de compost agotado de champiñón como capa de coberturas en nuevos ciclos de producción.

    OpenAIRE

    PARDO-GIMÉNEZ, A.; ZIED, D. C.; PARDO-GONZÁLEZ, J. E.

    2011-01-01

    El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el comportamiento agronómico de seis mezclas de cobertura, elaboradas a partir de sustrato postcultivo del champiñón Agaricus bisporus, en nuevos ciclos de cultivo. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron la viabilidad de la reintroducción del sustrato en nuevos ciclos de cultivo, ya sea como material de base único, si se somete a un proceso de lavado para eliminar sales solubles, o bien mezclado con otros materiales de baja conductividad, como es el caso de...

  9. RuPd, RuCo, PdCo and RuPdCo materials as candidates for cathode catalyzers in PEM fuel cells; Materiales RuPd, RuCo, PdCo y RuPdCo como candidatos a catalizadores catodicos en celdas de combustible tipo PEM

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Leyva Noyola, Fatima; Solorza Feria, Omar [Centro de Investigacion y Estudios Superiores del IPN, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico)]. E-mail: fleyva@cinvestav.mx

    2009-09-15

    This work reports on the catalytic activity of RuPd, RuCo, PdCo and RuPdCo material for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). These materials were synthesized using chemical reduction with NaBH{sub 4} as a reducing agent in THF, in ambient temperature and pressure conditions. The evaluation of the catalytic activity was done using cyclic voltamperometry (CV) and rotary disc electrode (RDE) in H{sub 2}SO{sub 4} 0.5 M. The kinetic results showed that the electrochemical reaction involves 4 electrons and the transfer of the first electron is the determinant stage. The values of {alpha}, i0 and the Tafel slope were very similar for the four materials studied, around 0.4, 5x10{sup -6} mA cm{sup -2} and 60 mV dec-1, respectively. Although these values are less than those reported for nanostructured platinum, they are better than those reported for other materials such as pure Pd, which enables them to be considered as cathode catalysts for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. [Spanish] En este trabajo se reporta la actividad catalitica de los materiales RuPd, RuCo, PdCo y RuPdCo para la reaccion de reduccion de oxigeno (RRO). Estos materiales fueron sintetizados por el metodo de reduccion quimica, usando NaBH{sub 4} como agente reductor en THF, en condiciones de temperatura y presion ambiental. La evaluacion de la actividad catalitica fue realizada usando Voltamperometria Ciclica (VC) y Electrodo Disco Rotatorio (EDR) en H{sub 2}SO{sub 4} 0.5 M. Los resultados cineticos mostraron que la reaccion electroquimica procede por la via de 4 electrones y la etapa determinante es la transferencia del primer electron. Los valores de {alpha}, i0 y pendiente de Tafel fueron muy similares para los 4 materiales estudiados, siendo estos de alrededor de 0.4, 5x10{sup -6} mA cm{sup -2} y 60 mV dec{sup -1}, respectivamente. Sin embargo, aun cuando estos valores son menores que los reportados para platino nanoestructurado, son mejores que los reportados para otros materiales como el Pd puro

  10. Alianças Estratégicas e Redes Associativas como Fonte de Vantagem Competitiva no Varejo de Material de ConstruçãoStrategic Alliances and Associativism Networks as a Source of Competitiveness Advantage in the Retailers Market of ConstructionAlianzas Estratégicas y Redes Asociativas como Fuente de Ventajas Competitiva en la Venta al por Menor de Material de Construcción

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    PACANHAN, Mário Ney

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available RESUMOA análise dos processos organizacionais encaminham para a necessidade de posicionamento estratégico e a busca constante de vantagens competitivas. Uma das formas que encontraram ressonância no mercado como modelo de gestão que permite diferenciação e cooperação ao mesmo tempo é a de alianças estratégicas e entre as suas aplicações, as redes associativistas, usadas principalmente por pequenas organizações. Este artigo aborda os conceitos dessas modalidades, suas vantagens e desvantagens e apresenta o seu uso no varejo, especificamente na rede composta de pequenos varejistas na área de material de construção formada inicialmente na cidade de Maringá no Paraná e que de dez expandiu-se para outras cidades e estados, congregando atualmente 181 associados. O estudo desse caso permite verificar como o processo de formulação e reformulação organizacional se instala e que pontos positivos e negativos ocorrem nesse processo interno e nas relações de competição e competência com o mercado que dele advém.ABSTRACTThe analysis of organizational processes leads to the need of strategic positioning and constant search for competitive advantage. The main topic of this paper is strategic alliances. Many academics have suggested that this concept may provide both differentiation and cooperation, especially for small companies. The present paper examines the truth of this claim, especially in the case of associative networks. The experience of 181 small retailers in the construction supply business provides the data to broach the concepts of the strategic alliance model, and to analyses its advantages and disadvantages. The study allows us to look deeper into the process of organizational formation and reformation and into the positive and negative aspects which occur in this intern process and in the competition and competence relations with the market.RESUMENEl análisis de los procesos organizacionales conduce a la necesidad

  11. La reforma agraria como factor del desarrollo regional

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Ambrósio Ferreira Neto

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo debate la reforma agraria brasilera como instrumento de desarrollo regional, discutiendo la política actual de asentamientos rurales y su importancia en los procesos de interacción con las dinámicas locales y regionales, investigando las transformaciones que esos proyectos pueden provocar en los municipios donde están inmersos. El trabajo toma como punto central de discusión los argumentos de Polanyi sobre los factores de producción, tierra, capital y trabajo, y de Amartya Sen sobre libertad como factor de desarrollo. La discusión emprendida defiende la reforma agraria como forma de conceder oportunidades y una condición de agentes a sus beneficiarios. Argumentamos que el acceso a la tierra, y a los medios de producción, garantiza al trabajador el control sobre su fuerza de trabajo.

  12. La proyección como proceso y como mecanismo

    OpenAIRE

    Brusset, Bernard

    2001-01-01

    La proyección es a la vez un mecanismo elemental testimonio de la fragilidad de la organización defensiva y un proceso cuyo rol es fundamental en el funcionamiento psíquico. En este doble aspecto, la proyección guarda especificidades diferentes en la neurosis y en la psicosis al punto que se las deba considerar como fundamentalmente diferentes? O bien las diferencias de contexto, del nivel del funcionamiento psíquico, de lugar, de función pueden explicar las diferencias clínicas justificando ...

  13. Spectroscopic study; Estudio espectroscopico del PAA con iones de Eu{sup 3+} como material luminescente

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Flores, M.; Rodriguez, R. [Departamento de Fisica, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico D.F. (Mexico); Arroyo, R. [Departamento de Quimica, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, A.P. 55-534, 09340 Mexico D.F. (Mexico)

    1999-07-01

    This work is focused about the spectroscopic properties of a polymer material which consists of Polyacrylic acid (Paa) doped at different concentrations of Europium ions (Eu{sup 3+}). They show that to stay chemically joined with the polymer by a study of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) of {sup 1} H, {sup 13} C and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (Ft-IR) they present changes in the intensity of signals, just as too when this material is irradiated at {lambda} = 394 nm. In according with the results obtained experimentally in this type of materials it can say that is possible to unify chemically the polymer with this type of cations, as well as, varying the concentration of them, since that these are distributed homogeneously inside the matrix maintaining its optical properties. These materials can be obtained more quickly and easy in solid or liquid phase and they have the best conditions for to make a quantitative analysis. (Author)

  14. Quitina y carboximetilquitosana como agentes desintegrantes

    OpenAIRE

    Sol A Fernández Monagas; María D Rodríguez Albadalejo; Ofelia Bilbao Revoredo; Olga M Nieto Acosta

    1998-01-01

    Se realizó un estudio comparativo de la quitina y la carboximetilquitosana como agentes desintegrantes, y se evaluó la influencia ejercida por el método empleado en la elaboración de las tabletas sobre la actividad desintegrante de ambos polímeros. La quitina presentó buenas características como agente desintegrante independientemente del método utilizado en la elaboración de las tabletas, mientras que la actividad desintegrante de la carboximetilquitosana fue afectada por el proceso de granu...

  15. Dibujo infantil como medio de diagnostico

    OpenAIRE

    González Hernando, Elisa

    2015-01-01

    Con este documento se pretende demostrar la importancia que tiene el dibujo infantil en el correcto desarrollo integral de las personas. Se estudia la importancia del dibujo y su valor a la hora de utilizarlo como método de diagnóstico ante determinados aspectos que pueden determinar la vida de una persona. En definitiva lo que se desarrolla en este trabajo de Fin de Grado es el papel que juega el dibujo como herramienta para el seguimiento del desarrollo de los individuos centrándonos ...

  16. Filosofia da ciência como ferramenta microeconômica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fabio Barbieri

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available A teoria neoclássica pressupõe conhecimento perfeito. A crítica hayekiana a essa teoria, por sua vez, afirma que esse conhecimento é resultado do processo competitivo e, portanto, não pode ser considerado como dado. O “Problema de Hayek” investiga sob que condições o conhecimento do agente se aproxima dos reais fundamentos de uma economia. A fim de solucionar o “Problema de Hayek”, o nosso artigo utiliza algumas idéias da literatura de metodologia da Ciência, conhecida como teoria do “crescimento do conhecimento” (Popper, Kuhn, Lakatos e outros. Essas idéias são utilizadas para se compreender como evolui o conhecimento dos agentes econômicos, em especial o dos empresários. Estes são vistos como ativos formuladores de teorias empresariais conjecturais criticadas no processo competitivo, não como agentes passivos que maximizam funções já conhecidas da teoria convencional. Utiliza-se a Filosofia da Ciência não para analisar metodologicamente a microeconomia, mas, sim, como ferramenta analítica pertencente à própria teoria econômica.

  17. Composite reforzado con fibras, utilización como retención en ortodoncia.

    OpenAIRE

    Ornia González, Ana María

    2015-01-01

    Los resultados del tratamiento ortodóncico son potencialmente inestables, por lo que es necesaria una retención permanente o semi-permanente post-tratamiento. Las actuales estrategias de retención incluyen retención removible y fija. Al precisar la primera de la cooperación del paciente, los retenedores fijos son, por norma, los elegidos. Los alambres trenzados de acero están ampliamente aceptados como el material de primera elección para este tipo de retención. Han demostrado tasas de éxito ...

  18. Effects of animal's rumen juice on seed germination of Vicia ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    To help understand the effects of grazing on seed germination characteristics of Vicia angustifolia L., we conducted a laboratory germination experiment of V. angustifolia L., which is a main companion species of Leguminosae family in alpine grassland of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, using Yak and Tibetan sheep rumen ...

  19. Pharmacological profile of essential oils derived from Lavandula angustifolia and Melissa officinalis with anti-agitation properties: focus on ligand-gated channels.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Huang, Liping; Abuhamdah, Sawsan; Howes, Melanie-Jayne R; Dixon, Christine L; Elliot, Mark S J; Ballard, Clive; Holmes, Clive; Burns, Alistair; Perry, Elaine K; Francis, Paul T; Lees, George; Chazot, Paul L

    2008-11-01

    Both Melissa officinalis (Mo) and Lavandula angustifolia (La) essential oils have putative anti-agitation properties in humans, indicating common components with a depressant action in the central nervous system. A dual radioligand binding and electrophysiological study, focusing on a range of ligand-gated ion channels, was performed with a chemically validated essential oil derived from La, which has shown clinical benefit in treating agitation. La inhibited [35S] TBPS binding to the rat forebrain gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)(A) receptor channel (apparent IC50 = 0.040 +/- 0.001 mg mL(-1)), but had no effect on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) or nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. A 50:50 mixture of Mo and La essential oils inhibited [3H] flunitrazepam binding, whereas the individual oils had no significant effect. Electrophysiological analyses with rat cortical primary cultures demonstrated that La reversibly inhibited GABA-induced currents in a concentration-dependent manner (0.01-1 mg mL(-1)), whereas no inhibition of NMDA- or AMPA-induced currents was noted. La elicited a significant dose-dependent reduction in both inhibitory and excitatory transmission, with a net depressant effect on neurotransmission (in contrast to the classic GABA(A) antagonist picrotoxin which evoked profound epileptiform burst firing in these cells). These properties are similar to those recently reported for Mo. The anti-agitation effects in patients and the depressant effects of La we report in neural membranes in-vitro are unlikely to reflect a sedative interaction with any of the ionotropic receptors examined here. These data suggest that components common to the two oils are worthy of focus to identify the actives underlying the neuronal depressant and anti-agitation activities reported.

  20. STUDY OF MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF TEXTILE REINFORCED COMPOSITE MATERIALS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    CARLOS ROLANDO RIOS-SOBERANIS

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available La relación entre la geometría del entramado de las fibras y los mecanismos de fractura bajo cargas de tensión ha sido evaluada para materiales compuestos reforzados con textiles de diferente arquitectura tales como colchoneta (fibras al azar y petatillo (biaxial. Estos materiales están manufacturados empleando como matriz polimérica resina epóxica curada a altas temperaturas. El sistema elegido para este trabajo consiste en resina epóxica bifuncional diglicidil éter de bisfenol A (DGEBA curada con una amina tetrafuncional diaminodifenil sulfona (DDS. Este sistema asegura la obtención de un material rígido transparente con excelentes propiedades mecánicas que permite observar, analizar e identificar el proceso y el progreso del daño generado así como los mecanismos de fractura que conllevan a la ruptura del material. Los resultados demostraron que la arquitectura/geometría de los textiles de refuerzo influye en la generación de sitios de concentración de esfuerzos donde se incrementa la posibilidad de iniciación de fallas y la propagación de grietas.

  1. Aprendiendo de la informalidad. Participación comunitaria y enfoque situado como marco para la reconstrucción

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mónica Aubán Borrell

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available Partiendo de dos características propias de los modelos informales: el enfoque situado y la participación comunitaria, esta investigación plantea una reflexión teórica en torno a la definición de estrategias de diseño urbano en contextos de catástrofes naturales. La aproximación propuesta, entiende la reconstrucción como un proceso socioespacial, que no solo debe preocuparse de la rehabilitación material, sino que además, debe promover una vinculación e identificación permanente entre la comunidad y el lugar que habita. Esta lectura se apoya en una conceptualización del ejercicio de diseño como posibilitador de la apertura de un campo afectivo. Bajo estos parámetros, actuar en la emergencia implica ampliar los procedimientos tradicionales del proyecto, siendo este entendido como un sistema relacional, articulado según las necesidades detectadas en terreno. La realidad dual emergencia-oportunidad, que puede ser asociada tanto a los escenarios de catástrofe como a lo informal, habilita el campo de ensayo para esta aproximación conceptual a un diseño urbano fuertemente arraigado en las demandas sociales.

  2. Pharmakobotanische Untersuchungen von Lavendelsorten auf dem Plattensee- Plateau

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tóth, Frida

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available Auf dem Hof Dörgicsei Levendula Major GmbH wurden 9 Lavendelsorten (6 Sorten von Lavandula angustifolia und 3 Sorten von Lavandula x intermedia untersucht. Neben den morphologischen und Wachstumseigenschaften wurden auch Frisch- und Trockengewichte bewertet. Quantitative und qualitative Untersuchungen von den Blüten- und Ätherischöldrogen wurden auch durchgeführt. Die statistische Analyse zeigte signifikant höhere Erträge bei den Sorten L. angustifolia ’Essence Purple’ und L. x intermedia ’Edelweiss’. Gehalt und Zusammensetzung von ätherischem Öl war eindeutig bei der Sorte L. angustifolia ’Ellagance Purple’ am günstigsten.

  3. El anisakis y sus enfermedades como enfermedad profesional

    OpenAIRE

    Vicente Pardo, José Manuel

    2016-01-01

    El anisakis es un parásito complejo de los animales marinos. El hombre no es el hospedador adecuado, ya que en él la larva L3 no puede completar su ciclo vital, siendo por tanto un hospedador accidental u ocasional, que se interpone en el ciclo vital del nemátodo, y al que el anisakis le puede causar tanto la parasitación como la alergia, cuando ingiere pescado o cefalópodos crudos o poco cocinados: tales como sushi, sashimi, ceviche gravlax noruego, lomi-lomi hawaiano, así como pescados en e...

  4. Uma proposta de utilização de material manipulativo no aprendizado da função exponencial.

    OpenAIRE

    Ricardo Antonio Faustino da Silva Braz

    2006-01-01

    Neste trabalho temos como objetivo geral investigar o uso de material manipulativo no aprendizado da função exponencial, como proposta. Como orientação teórica, temos as pesquisas da professora Josinalva Estacio Menezes, os trabalhos do professor John Andrew Fossa e ainda as contribuições dos trabalhos de Brousseau e Lima, que serviram como apoio ao indicarem suas propostas metodológicas para possíveis superações de uso do referido recurso na sala de aula, como também apontaram literaturas...

  5. EL APRENDIZAJE ORGANIZACIONAL COMO FACILITADOR DE RELACIONES SOCIALES RESPONSABLES

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eliecer Mayorca Capataz

    2014-08-01

    Full Text Available La importancia que tienen las relaciones sociales y el aprendizaje en la vida del ser humano: ser social, ser de relaciones, un ser abierto que se define por las relaciones con los demás, se considera imprescindible, abordar el tema para favorecer el desarrollo integral de la personas. Ello supone que, la vida para su permanente desarrollo implica en la persona, articular un entramado de relaciones, mediante la experiencia de aprendizaje y el reconocimiento de los valores fundamentales como el respeto por la humanidad, en un todo interrelacionado, en el que, de alguna forma, remite el actuar de las personas, a su racionalidad, a su espontaneidad, a la forma como se comunica y trabaja con los otros, a la manera constante de aprender, de buscar la calidad de vida, de amar su oficio como forma de influencia positiva, y establecer relaciones socialmente responsables. Para ello, se estableció como objetivo: realizar un análisis conceptual del aprendizaje organizacional como facilitador de las relaciones sociales responsables en la organización. Metodológicamente, el trabajo es de carácter documental y bibliográfico, soportadas en investigaciones previas; y como reflexión se estableció que el centro para aprender y relacionarse es el hombre.

  6. Chalepin: A Compound from Ruta angustifolia L. Pers Exhibits Cell Cycle Arrest at S phase, Suppresses Nuclear Factor-Kappa B (NF-κB) Pathway, Signal Transducer and Activation of Transcription 3 (STAT3) Phosphorylation and Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Carcinoma (A549).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Richardson, Jaime Stella Moses; Aminudin, Norhaniza; Abd Malek, Sri Nurestri

    2017-10-01

    Plants have been a major source of inspiration in developing novel drug compounds in the treatment of various diseases that afflict human beings worldwide. Ruta angustifolia L. Pers known locally as Garuda has been conventionally used for various medicinal purposes such as in the treatment of cancer. A dihydrofuranocoumarin named chalepin, which was isolated from the chloroform extract of the plant, was tested on its ability to inhibit molecular pathways of human lung carcinoma (A549) cells. Cell cycle analysis and caspase 8 activation were conducted using a flow cytometer, and protein expressions in molecular pathways were determined using Western blot technique. Cell cycle analysis showed that cell cycle was arrested at the S phase. Further studies using Western blotting technique showed that cell cycle-related proteins such as cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), and inhibitors of CDKs correspond to a cell cycle arrest at the S phase. Chalepin also showed inhibition in the expression of inhibitors of apoptosis proteins. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway, signal transducer and activation of transcription 3 (STAT-3), cyclooxygenase-2, and c-myc were also downregulated upon treatment with chalepin. Chalepin was found to induce extrinsic apoptotic pathway. Death receptors 4 and 5 showed a dramatic upregulation at 24 h. Analysis of activation of caspase 8 with the flow cytometer showed an increase in activity in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Activation of caspase 8 induced cleavage of BH3-interacting domain death agonist, which initiated a mitochondrial-dependent or -independent apoptosis. Chalepin causes S phase cell cycle arrest, NF-κB pathway inhibition, and STAT-3 inhibition, induces extrinsic apoptotic pathway, and could be an excellent chemotherapeutic agent. This study reports the capacity of an isolated bioactive compound known as chalepin to suppress the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells pathway, signal

  7. La competencia intercultural y el aprendizaje del castellano como segunda lengua

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sánchez Trujillo, María de los Ángeles

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available En el presente artículo de investigación, se brindan los resultados de un trabajo de investigación descriptivo realizado con diecisiete escolares extranjeros no hispanohablantes que residen en Lima por un tiempo mayor o equivalente a un año. El objetivo fue identificar sus habilidades interculturales y relacionarlas con su competencia comunicativa en la expresión y comprensión de enunciados en castellano. Además, se buscó identificar si tales destrezas eran trabajadas en la escuela, específicamente, en su curso de Español. A partir de los resultados, se evidenció la poca o nula importancia que se le concede a la competencia intercultural como parte integral de las clases de Español como segunda lengua, lo que se pudo constatar no solo en el desarrollo de las sesiones, sino en el material de clase utilizado. Tal situación provocó la poca disposición de los alumnos a aprender el idioma fuera del entorno escolar. Por tanto, se evidenció la asociación existente entre el desarrollo de habilidades interculturales, y el éxito o fracaso del aprendizaje de una segunda lengua.

  8. EL CONFLICTO COMO CONSTRUCTOR DE CIUDAD

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Twiggy Ortegón

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available El planteamiento central de este articulo, es el de sugerir una análisis en torno a algunas de las condiciones o mecanismo necesarios para que el conflicto opere como un potenciador de la diferencia y creador de alternativas para la convivencia Se realiza una distinción del concepto, un análisis de contenidos interaccionales en dinámicas de conflicto y su relación con el contexto urbano de Bogotá, enfocándose en ámbitos escolares. En ciudades como Bogotá, las discusiones y acciones que diferentes estamentos han emprendido frente a la manera de concebir y gestionar el conflicto, desembocan en la creación de diferentes organismos como los centros de conciliación, la aplicación de fórmulas y técnicas para la solución de conflictos, el desarrollo de propuestas desde entes administrativos a nivel distrital y las nuevas disposiciones que plantea la Ley 115 sobre Gobierno Escolar y manuales de convivencia.

  9. The Virtue of Knowing-How = A virtude do saber-como

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Santos, Felipe Rocha Lima

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Intelectualistas sobre o conhecimento-como afirmam que o conhecimento-como é um tipo de conhecimento proposicional. Antiintelectualistas procuram demonstrar que existem casos em que o agente possui conhecimento-como, mas não possuem conhecimento proposicional. Este artigo se concentra nos recentes argumentos antiintelectualistas propostos por Carter e Pritchard. Procuro mostrar que os argumentos de Carter e Pritchard não são bem sucedidos e que, aplicando a epistemologia das virtudes ao debate, pode-se concluir que o conhecimento-como compartilha as mesmas propriedades epistêmicas que o conhecimento proposicional. Se isso é o caso, então é possível afirmar que o conhecimento-como é um tipo de conhecimento proposicional, deixando a salvo novamente o intelectualismo

  10. Robots como ferramenta pedagógica nos primeiros anos a aprendizagem como participação

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    SÓNIA MATILDE PINTO CORREIA MARTINS

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available El presente artículo describe y analiza un proyecto realizado con dos grados del 1er ciclo de enseñanza básica en Portugal (2doy 3er grado que trabajaron en conjunto con robots, tomando el aprendizaje como un fenómeno intrín-secamente relacionado a la participación en comunidades de práctica (Lave, 1996; Lave; Wenger, 1991. Se pretende caracterizar a los participantes, a la metodología de trabajo implementada, describirlos artefactos utilizados (robots y escritura de una historia y analizar la relación de los participantes con los robots, así como los patrones de participación que se relevaron con este tipo de trabajo. Se busca enfatizar e las contribuciones derivadas de la participación en ambientes sociales digitales para el aprendizaje de los alumnos, como la participación y la negociación conjunta de significados, la importancia de que los robots y la historia hayan sido “construidos” por los alumnos y la existencia de un repertorio compartido y un emprendi-miento conjunto.

  11. Tragédias nas escolas americanas: como entendê-las? Como impedir que voltem a acontecer?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eva Paulino Bueno

    2011-05-01

    Full Text Available

    Este artigo dá uma visão histórica do direito de portar armas nos Estados Unidos, e como a existência e facilidade de obtenção de armas têm causado inúmeras tragédias em escolas. Fala também das diferentes maneiras que as pessoas reagem às tragédias e como impedir que ocorram.

  12. La Realidad Aumentada como complemento motivacional

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gazcón, Nicolás Fernando

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available El acelerado avance de la tecnología permite que las tecnologías emergentes sean accesibles por todos los usuarios. Ejemplos de estas tecnologías son la Realidad Aumentada y la Reconstrucción 3D, que gracias a dispositivos como tabletas o teléfonos inteligentes, pueden utilizarse de manera ubicua. Éstas tienen un enorme potencial en el campo de la educación, ya sea como recurso para entender conceptos complejos, como para motivar el aprendizaje de nuevos contenidos. El desafío de estas tecnologías es integrarlas para que sean accesibles y fáciles de utilizar por los docentes y los alumnos. En este trabajo presentamos una metodología para motivar el aprendizaje tanto en tareas de campo, mediante el uso de la Reconstrucción 3D, como en el ámbito escolar mediante libros aumentados. Por medio de un caso de estudio introducimos la Reconstrucción 3D de elementos fósiles de un sitio paleontológico bonaerense, para luego incorporar estos contenidos generados en un libro aumentado. A partir de la digitalización de huellas y fósiles de sitios paleontológicos, se obtuvieron modelos 3D que se integraron en un ambiente de aprendizaje inmersivo en el aula mediante los libros aumentados. Presentamos las opiniones de docentes de distintas disciplinas, que resaltan las posibilidades de esta metodología para su inclusión en el ámbito educacional regional.

  13. Los ancianos como actores sociales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mª PIA ARENYS

    1996-01-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo se recogen las discusiones de grupo que se realizaron durante cuatro meses en Barcelona como preparación del "II congreso de la gent gran" (II congreso de ancianos de esta ciudad, en noviembre de 1993. las discusiones se llevaron a cabo en las sedes de cada distrito, previa presentación de la ponencia por parte de un técnico. los componentes de los grupos son personas mayores sensibilizadas y comprometidas que forman parte del consejo de bienestar social del ayuntamiento de Barcelona. la metodología utilizada es cualitativa para el análisis del discurso, que se ha estructurado en los siguientes puntos: bajo el epígrafe "los ancianos como ciudadanos de derechos y obligaciones" se recogen los temas de valoración de la vejez, la familia, la jubilación, las implicaciones de los ancianos como ciudadanos de derechos y deberes y las funciones sociales de los ancianos.-- sobre estos temas, los mayores expresaron sus opiniones, que se vertieron, resumidamente, en la redacción final de la ponencia. aquí se recogen y se han analizado los materiales que ofrecen una versión de primera mano sobre lo que opinan los ancianos respecto al tema de "la valoración de la vejez".

  14. Quests em World Of Warcraft como estrutura narrativa seriada

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jônatas Kerr de Oliveira

    2010-10-01

    Full Text Available Assumindo que as quests em World of Warcraft funcionam como uma estrutura narrativa dentro do jogo, busca-se verificar se esta estrutura apresenta características que possam caracterizá-la como uma narrativa seriada. Para tal, é feita uma análise das principais características da narrativa seriada televisiva, assim como da estrutura de quests, para verificar a viabilidade de tal aproximação. Sendo a estrutura narrativa de quests em MMORPGs uma estrutura narrativa seriada, abre-se um grande leque de possibilidades, tanto para as análises teóricas dos videogames, utilizando o ferramental adaptado, como para os game designers utilizarem este referencial para acrescer detalhes aos mundos ficcionais criados.

  15. Establishment of the callus and cell suspension culture of ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    The objective of this work was the optimization of the conditions of callus and cell suspension culture of Elaeagnus angustifolia for the production of condensed tannins. The effects of different conditions on the callus growth and the production of condensed tannins were researched. The leaf tissue part of E. angustifolia was ...

  16. Prefabricados de micro-hormigón y su empleo como ligante hidráulico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gastón Barrios, L.

    1984-06-01

    destinada, en su primera parte, a la aplicación de micro-hormigones, compuestos de desechos industriales o minerales químicamente reactivables, cemento y agua, para obtener pavimentos y ladrillos. Posteriormente se iniciaron ensayos para emplearlo como ligante hidráulico de partículas orgánicas. El conglomerar con resinas partículas orgánicas, provenientes de la agricultura y la agro-industria, ha dado como resultado la obtención de placas de resistencias mecánicas bajo las exigencias estructurales de la edificación, comúnmente permeables y propagadoras del fuego, siendo sólo aceptables como materiales de terminación interior. En la búsqueda de mejorar resistencias y bajar costos, se ha ensayado ocupar pastas o morteros hidráulicos para reemplazar estas resinas, no llegando al objetivo por el bajo porcentaje de partículas que estos aceptan. Observando las cualidades físicas de los micro-hormigones, se intentó ensayarlo como ligante hidráulico y obtener prefabricados para viviendas. Los pavimentos monolíticos y ladrillos, en cuanto a resistencia y costo, no presentaron ventajas sobre los tradicionales. Se podría justificar su aplicación sólo por mejor aspecto de textura y colorido. Las baldosas en módulos de 20 x 20 cm, a 30 X 30 cm a iguales resistencias, resultante un costo 51 % menor a las tradicionales y los ladrillos para muros resultaron de condiciones similares a los mecanizados actuales. Los paneles obtenidos usando el micro-hormigón como ligante de aserrín de madera, de 230 x 50 x 6 cm, dieron como resultado elementos modulares estructurales, de fácil montaje y cualidades térmicas, acústicas e hidrófugas de acuerdo a las normas y a menor costo que sus similares más usados en la construcción, constituyendo así un material nuevo que, continuando en su ensayo para otros prefabricados, puede mejorar las características de los ya conocidos especialmente en viviendas económicas.

  17. O SERTÃO COMO FORMA DE PENSAMENTO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Willi Bolle

    1998-10-01

    Full Text Available Focalizando um micromodelo do sertão, o "Liso do Sussuarão", este ensaio es tuda a construção da paisagem em Grande sertão: veredas como componente de um retrato do Brasil. Partindo do confronto entregeografia inventada e geografia rea l, examina-se a tese rosiana do sertãocomo um "pensamento" que "se forma mais forte do que o poder do lugar", comparando essa tese com o paradigma dos viajantes naturalistas, o determinismo positivista de Euclides da Cunha e a nova historiografia. Como traço estilístico dominante é detectado um modo de escreverque S€ pode chamar de "poética da dissolução", pela qual o romance de Rosa se configura como um poderoso dissolvente de outros tipos de discursos sobre o Brasil.

  18. La subjetividad como superación del reproductivismo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gabriela Yamila Gómez

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available El artículo tiene como objetivo recuperar la esfera de lo subjetivo como eje de la teoría y de la investigación social. Se proponen dos argumentos principales: a el abordaje de la subjetividad no equivale a subjetivismo; y b tampoco equivale a una mirada microsociológica que no dé cuenta de los procesos sociales generales. Partiendo de estas dos premisas, el estudio del mundo de la vida experimentado y realizado por los sujetos permitirá superar el reproductivismo, comprendiendo la relación entre las condiciones objetivas y subjetivas, así como la posibilidad y existencia del cambio social.

  19. Pesquisa como instrumento da prática

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maura Maria Guimarães de Almeida

    1995-06-01

    Full Text Available O trabalho aborda a utilização da pesquisa como instrumento da prática profissional da enfermaria na área de assistência, administração e ensino. Situa a ciência como processo. Ressalta a responsabilidade da enfermeira na produção da conhecimento científico. Destaca os fatores que dificultam e facilitam a pesquisa, além dos aspectos éticos envolvidos.

  20. Ensayos argumentativos en inglés como lengua extranjera y su escritura como una práctica social situada: revisión de conceptos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pedro Antonio Chala

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo presenta una discusión sobre las tendencias teóricas que ven la escritura de ensayos argumentativos en inglés lengua extranjera como práctica social situada. Los conceptos que se exploran en este documento constituyen la base de una propuesta de investigación que aborda la escritura argumentativa desde una perspectiva innovadora, social, situada, y basada en la enseñanza de géneros que se puede ver como una alternativa para fomentar la escritura de ensayos en inglés lengua extranjera como una práctica social situada que trascienda los límites del salón de clase. La discusión de los conceptos se visualiza primero desde la teoría de aprendizaje de una segunda lengua y los dominios de la lingüística aplicada que fundamentan la propuesta. Luego se presentan, se exploran y se explican los conceptos centrales; éstos incluyen, primero, la escritura como práctica social situada, segundo, la escritura de ensayos argumentativos como un proceso dinámico de creación, y tercero, el género como acción social situada. Finalmente, el artículo presenta una reflexión sobre cómo estos conceptos se pueden entender e interrelacionar para que la escritura de ensayos argumentativos sea abordada como una práctica de alfabetización que contribuya a la formación de estudiantes de inglés lengua extranjera como escritores reflexivos, críticos y sociales.

  1. Conocimiento histórico de la estomatología pinareña: necesidad de un material docente como complemento bibliográfico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hilda Paula Sosa Hernández

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: la Educación Superior Cubana centra su atención en formar profesionales capaces de orientar su actuación en la profesión con iniciativa, flexibilidad y autonomía, partir de la integración de conocimientos, habilidades, motivos y valores que se expresan en su desempeño. La limitante del diseño curricular de la asignatura Historia de la Estomatología y del libro de texto, que no incluye los elementos del contexto universitario local motivó la investigación que trazó como Objetivo: determinarlas limitantes existentes de los materiales de ense ñanza empleados en el proceso de aprendizaje de la asignatura Historia de la Estomatología del Plan D. Material y método: investigación pedagógica con enfoque dialéctico materialista que empleo diversos métodos, materialista-dialéctico, análisis histórico-lógico y empírico. Se revisaron documentos, se realizaron encuestas, y valoraciones de expertos. Los resultados fueron analizados mediante estadística descriptiva. Resultados: los estudiantes de 2do. y 4to. año de la Carrera de Estomatología evidenciaron desconocimiento en mas del 80% de los encuestados sobre la Historia de la formación de recursos humanos en Estomatología en la Provincia de Pinar del Río, el 100% creyó importante conocer el desarrollo de dicha formación y coincidieron en la necesidad de literatura docente para adquirir estos conocimientos. Conclusiones: es insuficiente la literatura existente para el estudio de los referentes locales en la formación de recursos humanos en Estomatología y se propone elaborar un material docente para la asignatura Historia de la Estomatología, que describa La Historia de la formación de recursos Humanos en Pinar del Río desde 1959 hasta 2013.

  2. La Seguridad ciudadana como función del Estado

    OpenAIRE

    Ridaura Martínez, María Josefa

    2014-01-01

    Este trabajo se centra en uno de los temas medulares de la organización del Estado como es la garantía de la seguridad, y tiene como objeto reivindicar, al calor la reciente sacudida legislativa en materia, la función de la Seguridad ciudadana como una función pública a desarrollar por las Fuerzas y Cuerpos de Seguridad; en tanto que exigencia constitucional, presupuesto de la salvaguarda de los derechos fundamentales y de las libertades públicas.

  3. Silexan, an essential oil from flowers of Lavandula angustifolia, is not recognized as benzodiazepine-like in rats trained to discriminate a diazepam cue.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Silenieks, Leo B; Koch, Egon; Higgins, Guy A

    2013-01-15

    Recently, an essential oil of selected quality produced from the flowering tops of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. by steam distillation (Silexan) has been approved in Germany for the treatment of restlessness in case of anxious mood. Based on the observed clinical effects, it has been speculated that lavender oil may exert benzodiazepine-like action including the known dependence and abuse potential of this class of drugs. Although no evidence for such an activity was generated during the long-standing medicinal use of lavender oil, further preclinical investigations were now conducted to evaluate this potential side effect in more detail. Twelve adult, male, Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to discriminate the benzodiazepine drug diazepam (2 mg/kg i.p.) from saline using a two-lever operant procedure. After approximately 40 training sessions the majority of rats learned the discrimination and pre-treatment with ascending doses of diazepam (0.3-2 mg/kg i.p.) produced a dose related generalization to the diazepam cue. In these same animals Silexan was administered to see if animals recognized the drug as "diazepam-like" i.e. generalized to diazepam or "saline-like". Silexan tested at doses 3-30 mg/kg i.p. produced almost exclusively (>90%) saline-like responding. Also there was no effect of Silexan on response rate, i.e. rate of lever pressing, at any dose suggesting that the test article is well tolerated and does not exert a sedating effect. In sum, Silexan has no diazepam-like interoceptive property in adult, male rats. This suggests that Silexan does not share the potential of benzodiazepines to induce the development of tolerance, dependence and addiction. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

  4. Construcción rural como representación. Infraestructura agrícola menor en el valle central de Chile

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Paulo Alarcón

    2017-11-01

    Full Text Available Los gallineros, secadores de maíz, bodegas, caballerizas, etc. del valle central de Chile son construcciones menores que funcionan como infraestructuras que complementan la producción agrícola básica y de pequeña escala que allí se desarrolla con lo cual su resolución, que roza lo arcaico, está desprovista de un germen disciplinar. Estas construcciones, si bien pueden ser la culminación material de una idea, más bien se plantean como la representación en sí misma de un proyecto, en un estado pendiente de resolución, que se ha ido forjando generación tras generación. Esparcidas en el territorio, representan tanto el carácter agrícola de la zona, como la inteligencia desplegada a lo largo del tiempo, determinada por las condiciones geográficas, culturales y sociales, en un contexto de escasez. Si bien tiene antecedentes en las edificaciones residenciales primitivas, se origina como tipo en la reforma agraria, cuando se reparten las tierras en superficies pequeñas que promueven el desarrollo de la agricultura menor. Las construcciones rurales en el valle central de Chile son en sí mismo la representación de su proyecto y, como manifestaciones, representan una actividad comunal, un territorio, un paisaje, un modelo económico, un ideal político.

  5. Juventude como problema de políticas públicas Youth as a problem of government policies

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcia Frezza

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available Tendo como foco discutir concepções de juventudes que se expressam em políticas públicas para jovens no Brasil, concentramos nossa pesquisa no Consórcio Social da Juventude. A partir da perspectiva da Psicologia Social, usamos como estratégia metodológica a problematização e como ferramenta teórica conceitos de Michel Foucault. Buscamos compreender como as práticas discursivas instituídas em políticas públicas definem e denominam parcelas da juventude. Ao problematizarmos as tensões elencadas do material analisado, discutimos quatro concepções de juventude: voluntária, digitalizada, trabalhadora e vulnerabilizada. Estas se constituíram em profícuos indicadores de análise para a problematização dos enunciados dos documentos e entrevistas. A análise sinalizou o quanto as políticas públicas de juventude estão inseridas em uma rede discursiva que desenha, forma e institui modos de viver de jovens - de baixa renda - na contemporaneidade. Observamos que, de forma generalizada, discursos de educação, cidadania, inclusão, entre outros, operam, principalmente, para legitimar programas de políticas públicas.Focusing on concepts of youth expressed in government policies for young people in Brazil, we concentrated our research in the Consórcio Social da Juventude - a national project developed by the Brazilian Government. From the Social Psychology perspective, we used the problematization as a methodological strategy and concepts of Michel Foucault as theoretical tools. We sought to comprehend how the discoursive practices installed in government policies define and establish portions of young people. Problematizing the tensions verified in the material analysed, we discussed four concepts of young people: volunteer, digitalized, worker and vulnerabilized. They turned into proficuous indicators of analysis for the proposed problematization. The analysis suggests how government policies are inserted in a discoursive net that

  6. LA UTOPÍA FEMINISTA COMO TRANSGRESIÓN

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    Maria Luisa Femenias

    2013-04-01

    Full Text Available Resumen Tal como sucede –según lo enunció Kate Millet hace más de cincuenta años- respecto de las vanguardias literarias de comienzos del siglo XX, las estudiosas actuales de la literatura utópica reconocen que el esquema tradicional seguido por los escritores varones es “utópico” en todos sus aspectos, menos en la deconstrucción de los roles de sexo-género. Sobre este marco general, revisaré la noción de “utopía feminista” como transgresión al modelo canónico y, a su vez, desafío al orden social considerado “natural”. Para ello, examinaré algunos problemas vinculados a la caracterización de la literatura utópica como tal, y el frecuente abandono de sus fundamentos filosóficos.

  7. Ouabaina como Hormona

    OpenAIRE

    J. Hernando Ordoñez

    1996-01-01

    Comentario sobre su origen endógeno y sus aplicaciones terapéuticas

    Pocas drogas han sido más estudiadas que el grupo de los digitálicos, estrofantinas y ouabaina, cuyo estudio es objeto del presente trabajo.

    La ouabaina empezó a ser estudiada desde el siglo pasado. La primera referencia conocida corresponde a Pelikan, 1865 (1), como veneno que empleaban para las flechas en Gabón (Africa). (.)

  8. Los patrones de asentamiento como recurso patrimonial

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    Antonio Lista Martín

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available Los patrones de asentamiento son las pautas con las que distribuyen los diferentes elementos construidos, como casas, caminos, campos, espacios públicos o fábricas, y son una expresión cultural de la sociedad que los construye. Tanto el tipo de elementos, su número como su distribución, dependen del nivel tecnológico, de la estructura social y de su bagaje cultural. Se puede decir, por tanto, que en los patrones estaría reflejado el conocimiento que la sociedad tenia del medio, así como sus anhelos, prioridades e, incluso, sus malas prácticas. La presente comunicación propone que estos patrones puedan servir de base para el planeamiento territorial actual, no sólo preservando aquello que realmente tenga valor, sino incluso recreándolos o reproduciéndolos a otras escalas siempre que puedan aportar un valor añadido al territorio. El escrito plantea una pregunta: ¿Qué se debe mantener de los patrones tradicionales y qué se puede, o incluso se debe, cambiar?, y para responderla en la primera parte se analizan someramente algunos asentamientos-tipo y en la segunda se indican pautas de actuación que han aparecido como propuestas en planes de ordenación territorial en los últimos años.

  9. Danzas como tradición y como disputa: la ilusión comunitaria china en el Soconusco chiapaneco

    OpenAIRE

    Lisbona Guillén, Miguel

    2015-01-01

    Referir la impronta dejada por los inmigrantes chinos que llegaron a Chiapas a finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX parece algo manido para quien conoce el estado y, muy especialmente, su región costera: el Soconusco. Sin embargo, lo obvio, por perceptible, como puede ser la existencia de una tradición gastronómica conocida como comida china, y convertida en marca de identidad en la región, no significa que la construcción de "lo chino" o de una "comunidad china" por parte de los hijos o...

  10. La cubierta ecológica como material de construcción

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Neila, Javier

    2000-06-01

    ; 4 abierta durante el día y cerrada en la noche. La herramienta utilizada para el estudio fue el Cálculo de Evolución de Temperaturas Interiores, desarrollada por Javier Neila. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la cubierta ecológica disminuye la transferencia de calor en épocas calurosas, ya que actúa como aislamiento exterior.

  11. Modelización de materiales piezoeléctricos como generadores de energía

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    Vázquez Rodríguez, M.

    2012-02-01

    Full Text Available This paper presents the method to determine electrical equivalent models of piezoelectric materials used as electric power generating elements. The models developed from the experimental results have been used to obtain the type, amount and optimal topological structure of semiconductor elements needed in the input stage of the power generation system, and its behaviour under variable power supply demand.

    En este trabajo se presenta el estudio realizado para determinar los modelos eléctricos equivalentes de materiales de tipo piezoeléctrico, para evaluar su capacidad como elementos generadores de energía eléctrica. Los diferentes modelos desarrollados a partir de los resultados experimentales registrados, se han utilizado para obtener la estructura óptima de elementos semiconductores a utilizar en la etapa de entrada del sistema de generación y acumulación de energía eléctrica, teniendo en cuenta su morfología, tipo de semiconductor a utilizar y número necesario, así como su comportamiento ante una demanda variable de potencia a suministrar

  12. The effect and safety of highly standardized Ginger (Zingiber officinale) and Echinacea (Echinacea angustifolia) extract supplementation on inflammation and chronic pain in NSAIDs poor responders. A pilot study in subjects with knee arthrosis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rondanelli, Mariangela; Riva, Antonella; Morazzoni, Paolo; Allegrini, Pietro; Faliva, Milena Anna; Naso, Maurizio; Miccono, Alessandra; Peroni, Gabriella; Degli Agosti, Irene; Perna, Simone

    2017-06-01

    The study aimed to evaluate the effect of Zingiber officinale and Echinacea angustifolia extract supplementation (25 mg of ginger and 5 mg of Echinacea) for 30 days on inflammation and chronic pain in knee osteoarthritis (OA). Consecutive nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory-drugs (NSAIDs) poor responders with chronic inflammation and pain due to knee arthrosis were assessed (15 subjects, age: 67.2 ± 7.9, body mass index: 30.6 ± 7.1, men/women:2/13). The primary endpoint was to determine pain improvement from baseline to Day 30 by Tegner Lysholm Knee Scoring. The secondary endpoints were the assessment of Visual Analog Scale for Pain, health-related quality of life, by the ShortForm36 (SF-36), anthropometric parameters, hydration. After supplementation, a significant improvement of 12.27 points was observed for Lysholm scale score (p < 0.05), SF-36 (p < 0.05), and a decrease in -0.52 cm in knee circumference (left) (p < 0.01). This pilot study provides feasibility and safety data for the use of highly standardised ginger and Echinacea extract supplementation in people with knee OA.

  13. Los rincones como contextos significativos de aprendizaje

    OpenAIRE

    Sánchez Molero, María Luisa

    2016-01-01

    En el presente trabajo se pretende hacer un estudio sobre los rincones de trabajo en el aula de Educación Infantil, describiéndolos como modelo de organización del espacio y como estrategia metodológica que aboga por un aprendizaje socioconstructivista. El estudio se completa con la descripción y el análisis de los rincones de un aula específica de un centro escolar, incorporando diversas propuestas de mejora fundamentadas en el previo estudio teórico

  14. Inglês como língua franca: desenvolvimentos recentes

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    Telma Gimenez

    Full Text Available Em face da atual posição do inglês como uma língua franca global, este artigo tem como principal objetivo discutir os desenvolvimentos recentes dessa área, tomando como base os trabalhos apresentados durante a 7th International Conference on English as a Lingua Franca, realizada em Atenas, Grécia, em setembro de 2014. As reflexões, aprofundadas nos tópicos i Teorizações sobre ILF; ii ILF e formação de professores; iii Desenvolvimentos futuros, trazem um olhar analítico sobre os temas discutidos no evento. Espera-se que as informações e reflexões aqui contempladas possam contribuir para o desenvolvimento de uma "curiosidade acadêmica" a respeito do paradigma ILF (inglês como língua franca e para o engajamento com suas questões e implicações.

  15. Tuberculosis como enfermedad ocupacional Tuberculosis as occupational disease

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alberto Mendoza-Ticona

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available Existe evidencia suficiente para declarar a la tuberculosis como enfermedad ocupacional en diversos profesionales especialmente entre los trabajadores de salud. En el Perú están normados y reglamentados los derechos laborales inherentes a la tuberculosis como enfermedad ocupacional, como la cobertura por discapacidad temporal o permanente. Sin embargo, estos derechos aún no han sido suficientemente socializados. En este trabajo se presenta información sobre el riesgo de adquirir tuberculosis en el lugar de trabajo, se revisan las evidencias para declarar a la tuberculosis como enfermedad ocupacional en trabajadores de salud y se presenta la legislación peruana vigente al respecto.There is enough evidence to declare tuberculosis as an occupational disease among healthcare workers. In Peru, there are regulations granting employment rights regarding tuberculosis as an occupational disease, such as healthcare coverage for temporary or permanent disability. However, these rights have not been sufficiently socialized. This study presents information on the risk of acquiring tuberculosis in the workplace, and a review of the evidence to declare tuberculosis as an occupational disease among health care workers, presenting the current Peruvian law related.

  16. Derivados de pirazol bivalentes como inhibidores de ingesta

    OpenAIRE

    Rodríguez de Fonseca, Fernando; Jagerovic, Nadine; Fernández Fernández, Cristina; Bermúdez-Silva, Francisco Javier; Goya, Pilar

    2011-01-01

    Derivados de pirazol bivalentes como inhibidores de ingesta. Nuevos derivados alquílicos y cicloalquílicos disustituidos por pirazol-3-carboxamidas, así como su procedimiento de obtención. Estos compuestos presentan propiedades, entre otras, para la inducción de saciedad y control de la ingesta, modulación de la grasa corporal y regulación del metabolismo lipídico.

  17. Lo material depende de lo ambiental = Materiality depends on environment

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Javier Maroto Ramos

    2013-10-01

    Full Text Available ResumenEl artículo profundiza en una serie de aspectos que influyen en la construcción del espacio arquitectónico contemporáneo, desde la sostenibilidad, el uso de la energía verde y las fuentes renovables, hasta el concepto de equilibrio y el balance entre el orden y el desorden asociados con las leyes de la termodinámica y la analogía con la simetría y la asimetría en la naturaleza. La energía y sus flujos podrían determinar diversas formas arquitectónicas. Podría ser interpretada como lugar, contexto o paisaje, también como programa, estructura y material. Su estudio y asociación con el espacio arquitectónico, como se propone en este escrito, permite un mayor entendimiento de los aspectos inmateriales e intangibles que aún permaneciendo ocultos son esenciales en cualquier proceso de diseño.Nociones vinculadas a la teoría de la evolución como es la adaptación al medio pueden abrir un debate sobre la modificación del medio y la fijación de los nuevos límites entre el territorio y la ciudad. Este concepto puede ser también útil para proponer nuevas formas de desarrollo urbano y paisaje.La sostenibilidad se puede asociar con el equilibrio, el balance, y la adaptación al medio y la ecología con el uso de tecnologías de bajo consumo de energía, -Low-Tech-, y el reciclaje, de manera que se pueda fijar de una manera mas eficaz el ciclo de vida de los materiales y los sistemas que aseguren además la flexibilidad en el uso futuro del espacio.Palabras clavearquitectura, energía, reciclaje, entorno, ecologíaAbstractThe article explores a number of aspects of sustainability that influence the construction of contemporary architectural space, the use of green energy and renewable sources, even the concept of equilibrium and balance between order and disorder associated with thermodynamic laws and the analogy with the symmetry and asymmetry in nature. The energy and its flows could determine different architectural forms. It

  18. La prosodia como identificador biométrico

    OpenAIRE

    Farrús i Cabeceran, Mireia

    2011-01-01

    La biometría tiene como objetivo el reconocimiento de personas mediante uno o más identificadores biométricos como la voz, la cara o las huellas dactilares, entre otros. Gracias a la buena aceptación social y el poco intrusismo en los individuos, la voz ha sido, tradicionalmente, uno de los identificadores más utilizados en los sistemas biométricos. Estos sistemas de reconocimiento basados en la voz utilizan, habitualmente, características relacionadas con el espectro de la voz. No obstante, ...

  19. La ciudad como ecosistema urbano

    OpenAIRE

    Higueras García, Esther

    2013-01-01

    LA CIUDAD COMO ECOSISTEMA URBANO .- La ecología y los ecosistemas .- El ecosistema urbano, definición, alcance y oportunidad .- El metabolismo urbano .- Los síntomas de la patología urbana .- Los objetivos del nuevo ecosistema urbano .- Las aportaciones de los ecobarrios

  20. Los portales educativos como fuente de recursos materiales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Felipe Gértrudix Barrio

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available Los portales educativos por sus características como “distribuidores” de información y “almacenes” de recursos, constituyen para la escuela actual un soporte ideal y eficiente de información relacionado con el mundo educativo. Por otro lado, los portales temáticos educativos, como referente específico de una materia, suponen la plataforma ideal en el que los miembros de un colectivo (profesores, maestros, educadores y familias puedan establecer un punto de encuentro para participar, reflexionar, así como cooperar en la actividad docente incentivando nuevas formas de trabajo en el aula. En este sentido presentamos un ejemplo de portal temático educativo dedicado a la educación musical: MOS.

  1. Cartilha sobre auto–exame ocular para portadores do HIV/AIDS como tecnologia emancipatória: relato de experiência

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Joselany Áfio Caetano

    2006-08-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho descreve a experiência da construção de uma cartilha do auto-exame ocular para portadores do HIV/AIDS e teve como objetivo desenvolver e avaliar as ações do referido auto-exame por intermédio da cartilha “Auto-exame ocular”. A testagem da cartilha foi feita por meio de grupos educativos e consulta de enfermagem, bimestralmente, seguida do exame oftalmológico. Ao nos apoiarmos nas idéias de NIETSCHE (2000, rotulamos esse material como uma tecnologia emancipatória pelo fato de trazer, a essa população, a oportunidade de se libertar de um estado de sujeição. Os resultados comprovam que os portadores de HIV/AIDS se sentem motivados a investigar problemas oculares, mas ainda falta incorporar, na vida cotidiana, o hábito de utilizar a cartilha. Mais do que oferecer passos seqüenciais para realizar a técnica do auto-exame ocular, apresentamos referenciais que auxiliam o desenvolvimento das potencialidades dos portadores do HIV/AIDS com vistas a trabalhar o autocuidado com o olho de forma dinâmica e com um aliado, o material educativo.

  2. AcEST: DK949288 [AcEST

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available e dehydrogenase (Fragment) OS=Arab... 50 7e-05 tr|Q84JM5|Q84JM5_IPONI Angustifolia OS=Ipomoea nil GN=IAN PE=... 0.015 tr|B6U1W6|B6U1W6_MAIZE Angustifolia OS=Zea mays PE=2 SV=1 42 0.015 tr|A3C6

  3. Transcription co-activator Arabidopsis ANGUSTIFOLIA3 (AN3) regulates water-use efficiency and drought tolerance by modulating stomatal density and improving root architecture by the transrepression of YODA (YDA).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Meng, Lai-Sheng; Yao, Shun-Qiao

    2015-09-01

    One goal of modern agriculture is the improvement of plant drought tolerance and water-use efficiency (WUE). Although stomatal density has been linked to WUE, the causal molecular mechanisms and engineered alternations of this relationship are not yet fully understood. Moreover, YODA (YDA), which is a MAPKK kinase gene, negatively regulates stomatal development. BR-INSENSITIVE 2 interacts with phosphorylates and inhibits YDA. However, whether YDA is modulated in the transcriptional level is still unclear. Plants lacking ANGUSTIFOLIA3 (AN3) activity have high drought stress tolerance because of low stomatal densities and improved root architecture. Such plants also exhibit enhanced WUE through declining transpiration without a demonstrable reduction in biomass accumulation. AN3 negatively regulated YDA expression at the transcriptional level by target-gene analysis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis indicated that AN3 was associated with a region of the YDA promoter in vivo. YDA mutation significantly decreased the stomatal density and root length of an3 mutant, thus proving the participation of YDA in an3 drought tolerance and WUE enhancement. These components form an AN3-YDA complex, which allows the integration of water deficit stress signalling into the production or spacing of stomata and cell proliferation, thus leading to drought tolerance and enhanced WUE. © 2015 Society for Experimental Biology, Association of Applied Biologists and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  4. La mundialización del Darwinismo como proceso y como texto

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    Olga Matilde Restrepo Forero

    2009-10-01

    Full Text Available El fenómeno de la difusión del Darwinismo ha sido ampliamente estudiado. No solo existe una “Industria de Darwin” que se ha ocupado de investigar cómo se produjo la obra de Darwin, sino que también existe una “Industria de la Difusión del Darwinismo”, que investiga los procesos de recepción del Darwinismo en diversas partes del mundo. En el artículo se cuestiona la separación entre los estudios que examinan la producción del Origen de las especies y los que estudian su posterior difusión, considerados como procesos completamente independientes. Con base en unos pocos ejemplos, se muestra cómo Darwin fue produciendo y modificando su obra a partir de las contribuciones que fue recogiendo en diferentes partes del mundo y a partir de las respuestas que fue recibiendo a medida que su obra era comentada y discutida. Fianlmente se examina cómo al estudiar la mundialización del darwinismo surge el problema de cómo definir el fenómeno bajo estudio, si con una perspectiva normativa, que imponga un orden en la proliferación de sentidos que surge como consecuencia de la expansión, o con una perspectiva no-esencialista que más bien sitúe al darwinismo en relación con sus diferentes usos y apropiaciones locales.

  5. Uso de Trilhas como Estratégia de Geoconservação

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    Thaís de Oliveira Guimarães

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available A geoconservação tem como objetivo conservar as áreas de relevante interesse geológico, sendo dotada de ferramentas direcionadas tais como, a conservação e divulgação dos elementos naturais abióticos. O geoturismo emerge neste contexto, como atividade de lazer alicerçada nos princípios da geodiversidade. Trata-se de um segmento do turismo com ênfase nos monumentos geológicos. Com base nesses aspectos e tendo em vista sua relevância para a história evolutiva do planeta, verifica-se a necessidade e importância de realizar estudos que descrevam, analisem e ponham em prática possíveis medidas de conservação e manejo de áreas com potencial geoturístico, levando em consideração suas fragilidades e especificidades. O presente trabalho visa incentivar a divulgação, valorização e conservação do patrimônio natural abiótico através do mapeamento, descrição e classificação de trilhas. São apresentadas propostas que visam conservação das feições geológicas, provenientes da geodinâmica terrestre, da melhoria da infraestrutura para percursos pedestres, e elaboração de material de divulgação e informação. Dessa forma, pretende-se, construir um sentimento de respeito para com os monumentos naturais não renováveis do planeta, apresentando sugestões que contribuem para a minimização dos impactos negativos e de riscos geológicos que possam surgir em decorrência das atividades turísticas.

  6. APROVECHAMIENTO DE RESIDUOS AGROINDUSTRIALES COMO BIOCOMBUSTIBLE Y BIOREFINERÍA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    DEYANIRA MUÑOZ-MUÑOZ

    Full Text Available El aprovechamiento de residuos generados en procesos agroindustriales, es de interés en el ámbito mundial. En la actualidad se investiga en biomasa lignocelulósica para obtener energía, combustibles, biomateriales y productos químicos, mediante tecnologías limpias y sistemas cerrados que permitan conservar el medio ambiente. En esta investigación, a partir de características de residuos agroindustriales típicos del Departamento del Cauca, bagacillo de caña, polvillo de fique, afrecho de yuca y sus mezclas, se evalúo el aprovechamiento como biorefinería. Se determinaron las propiedades térmicas, físicas químicas y morfológicas en siete muestras de residuos, se realizaron ensayos exploratorios de pre-tratamientos y posibles usos. Se concluye que la muestra M6 con el 9,93% de humedad, 4,12% de ceniza, 43,97% de carbono, 5,86% de hidrogeno, 0,43% nitrógeno, poder calorífico inferior de 15MJ/kg y con 22,25% de celulosa, 9,30% de hemicelulosa y 4,56% de lignina, presenta características apropiadas para ser utilizada en hornos y calderas de menor potencia para el sector rural por la cantidad de ceniza, la cual mantiene estable el poder calorífico inferior y reduce la emisión de material particulado. Por las características térmicas, físicas, químicas y morfológicas, todas las muestras de M1 a M7, pueden ser hidrolizadas, densificadas y aprovechadas como biocombustible y/o biorefinería.

  7. Los paradigmas de redacción normativa como medio para alcanzar la seguridad: ¿una apuesta segura?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernando Centenera Sánchez-Seco

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available En diferentes referencias que se ocupan de la redacción de normas, se considera que éstas deben tener un lenguaje sencillo, claro y preciso, para así poder ofrecer seguridad. Una primera aproximación a esta afirmación, partiendo de diferentes dimensiones de la seguridad, ofrece numerosos argumentos para corroborarla. Así acontece si analizamos la seguridad como cualidad del derecho (en lo que respecta a la certeza de orientación, la firmeza del derecho o su eficacia, como justicia formal (con las implicaciones que ello conlleva en los ámbitos de la libertad y la igualdad y como justicia material (en lo que respecta a la protección de los derechos fundamentales, por ejemplo. Sin embargo, un examen más detenido demuestra que también existen razones para pensar que los paradigmas de redacción señalados no siempre aportan seguridad, y que en determinadas circunstancias el lenguaje complejo, vago o impreciso puede resultar conveniente. Si esto es así, parece que convendría reformular la directriz señalada al comienzo. Para llevar a cabo esta labor, la teoría de la legislación ofrece numerosas herramientas sugerentes, que pueden dar cabida a las circunstancias señaladas. En este estudio se propone la puesta en práctica de un sistema de racionalidad capaz de dar cobertura a las circunstancias diagnosticadas, estructurado en diferentes niveles de racionalidad, donde tienen cabida tanto los aspectos lingüísticos, como aquellos relacionados con la seguridad. 

  8. A verdade como um problema epistemológico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Geilson Fernandes de Oliveira

    2016-07-01

    Full Text Available O presente ensaio é fruto das discussões realizadas durante a disciplina de mestrado Epistemologia das Ciências Sociais e Humanas. Aqui, objetivamos discutir sobre a verdade como um problema epistemológico. Assim, a partir do conceitual teórico utilizado durante a disciplina, entre os quais destacamos Michel Foucault, Norbert Elias, Friedrich Nietzsche e Pierre Bourdieu, tecemos considerações sobre as concepções de verdade no pensamento social contemporâneo, bem como no que diz respeito as rupturas que favoreceram a emergência de seu estado corrente – concepção da verdade como produção social e histórica. Consonante a esta discussão, realizamos ainda uma breve discussão sobre as relações de poder e saber que favorecem a constituição da verdade.

  9. La competencia digital en docentes de preparatoria como medio para la innovación educativa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Haydeé Genoveva Bustos López

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available En este estudio se identifican las dimensiones de la competencia digital que docentes de una preparatoria en el Estado de México durante el segundo semestre de 2015 deben fortalece; se aplicó una metodología cuantitativa con un diseño no experimental ex post facto, con encuestas a 12 docentes y entrevistas con cuatro docentes. Los datos se analizaron conforme a tres categorías: competencias digitales, uso de la tecnología educativa y desarrollo social y profesional, divididos en dimensiones con indicadores de las competencias a desarrollar. Los resultados mostraron como áreas de oportunidad para los docentes el uso de recursos multimedia multilingües; el diseño de recursos con tecnología avanzada para crear, publicar y compartir material en espacios virtuales de aprendizaje; utilizar las redes sociales para compartir conocimiento con colegas y crecer profesionalmente; las TIC como medio de especialización y desarrollo profesional para acceder a fuentes que mejoren la práctica diaria, y herramientas de comunicación vía Internet.

  10. Metaversos y educación: Second Life como plataforma educativa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Israel V. Márquez

    2011-05-01

    Full Text Available Presentamos en este artículo algunas de las particularidades de los metaversos como nuevos espacios formativos. Tomando como ejemplo el caso de Second Life y a partir de la propia experiencia del autor en este metaverso, se exploran las posibilidades formativas de estas nuevas plataformas audiovisuales 3D así como algunas de sus ventajas y desventajas como plataforma educativa. El estudio de las dinámicas complejas entre avatares y entre el usuario y el propio metaverso nos abren nuevas vías de investigación para el estudio de la educación en el siglo XXI que deben ser exploradas y examinadas por la comunidad educativa y académica por su importancia actual y sus posibles alternativas futuras.   

  11. Literatura de cordel como meio de promoção para o aleitamento materno Literatura de cordel como medio de promoción a la lactancia materna String literature as a mean to promote breastfeeding

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paula Marciana Pinheiro Oliveira

    2008-06-01

    Full Text Available A poesia popular impressa, também denominada literatura de cordel, é considerada pelo povo nordestino importante expressão cultural. Folhetos sobre a amamentação são pertinentes na medida em que podem contribuir para a educação da população sobre este assunto. Objetivou-se: analisar mensagens transmitidas e linguagem adotada nos folhetos que abordem o tema da amamentação. Estudo documental, descritivo, exploratório, de caráter analítico, realizado mediante a busca sistemática de folhetos de cordel disponíveis em praças públicas de Fortaleza-CE. Foram coletados 34 folhetos. Destes, 20 abordaram temas de saúde e um retratou a amamentação. A análise deste cordel revelou que a amamentação é necessária tanto à mãe como ao bebê, trazendo benefícios mútuos. Portanto, este recurso impresso deve ser visto como significativo material de educação em saúde que o profissional pode utilizar com nutrizes.La poesía popular impresa, también denominada literatura de cordel, es considerada por el pueblo del Nordeste de Brasil como importante expresión cultural. Cuadernillos sobre la lactancia son pertinentes en la medida en que pueden contribuir a la educación de la población sobre esta cuestión. La finalidad fue: analizar mensajes transmitidas y lenguaje adoptada en los cuadernillos que tratan del tema de la lactancia. Estudio documental, descriptivo, exploratorio, de carácter analítico, realizado mediante la búsqueda sistemática de cuadernillos de cordel disponibles en plazas públicas de Fortaleza CE. Fueron recolectados 34 cuadernillos. De estos, veinte tratáron de temas de salud y uno mostró la lactancia. El análisis de este cordel reveló que la lactancia es necesaria tanto a la madre cuanto al bebé, trayendo beneficios mutuos. Por lo tanto, este recurso impreso debe ser visto como significativo material de educación en salud que el profesional puede utilizar con nutrices.Printed popular poetry, also called

  12. Como pieza de un rompecabezas: la construcción del paisaje como objeto jurídico

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    Norma Elizabeth Levrand

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available La regulación jurídica del paisaje es relativamente nueva. Concebido a partir de la interrelación entre el hombre y la naturaleza, el derecho lo ha asimilado, en ciertos momentos, a un objeto estático, esencialmente natural. En otro periodo ha aprehendido su dinámica, regulándolo como un objeto híbrido. El paisaje está constituido por un conjunto de bienes y valores que trascienden lo puramente cultural o natural, y se conjugan en la confluencia de ambos elementos. Esta hibridez conlleva dificultades tanto en el punto previo a su regulación, es decir, en la concepción jurídica del paisaje, como al momento de su gobernanza. En este trabajo pretendemos desentrañar la construcción del paisaje como un particular objeto de regulación dentro del campo legal argentino. Para ello, realizaremos una sucinta historiografía de la regulación del paisaje para profundizar en las dos normas de mayor relevancia a nivel internacional (la Convención para la Protección del Patrimonio Mundial, Cultural y Natural de Unesco y el Convenio Europeo del Paisaje aprobado por el Consejo de Europa, a fin de analizar la construcción de este particular objeto y los dispositivos jurídicos para su Gobierno. Culminaremos con una reflexión acerca del proceso de construcción de esta pieza del rompecabezas legal.

  13. Manejo clínico de la resorción dental interna utilizando agregad o trióxido mineral como material de obturación intracanal

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    Alvaro Francisco Negrete Barbosa

    2013-10-01

    Full Text Available ResumenLa resorción dental interna es una patología poco común, asintomática, que por lo general es detectada accidentalmente en una radiografía de rutina; su etiología es desconocida pero se cree que puede ser producida por trauma, persistencia de una pulpitis crónica, aparatología ortodóntica, entre otras causas. Aunque esta patología es poco frecuente, el endodoncista no puede pasar por alto el conocimiento de esta y mucho menos su tratamiento, ya que de este, depende que la patología se detenga o siga avanzando, debido a que la acción resortiva está ligada a cierto grado de vitalidad pulpar; después de la eliminación del tejido pulpar en órganos dentarios con este tipo de patología, se debe pensar que material es el ideal para poder obturar la cavidad de forma elíptica o redondeada que origina este tipo de resorción. Desde la salida del MTA (agregado trióxido mineral ya hace tiempo, este asume múltiples usos en la práctica endodontica, debido a sus grandes ventajas y propiedades en comparación con otros materiales presentes en el mercado, es por esto que se convierte en un material de elección para la obturaciónde estas cavidades de tipo resortivo, junto con una copiosa irrigación con hipoclorito de sodio y la conformación biomecánica de los conductos. En el siguiente artículo mostraremos el manejo clínico de un premolar superior con dos conductos subobturados y una resorción dental interna, en el cual se utiliza agregado trióxido mineral como material obturador intracanal. (DUAZARY 2010, 239 - 246Palabras clave: Diente premolar; endodoncia; resorción dentaria; obturación del conducto radicular; MTA.AbstractThe internal dental resorption is a rare disease, asymptomatic, which is usually detected accidentally on a radiograph routine; its etiology is unknown but is believed to be produced trauma, persistent chronic pulpits, orthodontic, among other causes. Although this condition is rare, the endodontist

  14. MEMORIA VISUAL COMO PARTE DEL PROCESO LECTOR

    OpenAIRE

    Gamero-Muñiz, Antonia

    2013-01-01

    Este trabajo tiene como objetivo indagar la relación entre los movimientos sacádicos, velocidad y comprensión lectora y la memoria visual en alumnos de 2ºESO, con el propósito de contribuir a la labor docente en los apoyos del aprendizaje de una correcta lectura y tomando como fundamentación teórica la importancia de la memoria visual en el proceso lector. Se ha seleccionado una muestra de 24 niños y 21 niñas con edades comprendidas entre 13 y 15 años. Se evaluaron los movimientos sacádico...

  15. PARP-1 como regulador del ciclo celular

    OpenAIRE

    Iglesias Vázquez, Pablo

    2015-01-01

    En el presente estudio hemos querido investigar las implicaciones biológicas de la interacción PARP-1/E2F-1 en escenarios en los que el factor de transcripción E2F-1 resulta de gran importancia como son el desarrollo embrionario y la oncogénesis. En este respecto, hemos demostrado que tanto PJ34, inhibidor de la actividad enzimática de PARP, como gosipol, inhibidor de las interacciones proteína-proteína, son capaces de reducir la actividad transcripcional de E2F-1 y la proli...

  16. Historia como interrupción del tiempo

    OpenAIRE

    Aguilera Pedrosa, Antonio

    2006-01-01

    Frente a un concepto de presente como transición y a otro como repetición, Benjamín elabora uno donde el tiempo se detiene, clave para entender su concepto de historia. La interpretación habitual que separa tiempo histórico de tiempo físico quiere facilitar la comprensión de Benjamin, pero al precio de olvidar ciertas paradojas: la misma detención, la reversibilidad del tiempo, la redención del pasado entero, la invocación de la teología, la posibilidad de un cambio respecto al tiempo natural...

  17. Dialéctica material Donald Judd y Philip Johnson

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    María Teresa Muñoz

    2016-05-01

    Full Text Available Resumen El objetivo de este escrito es examinar cómo se plantea una cierta dialéctica material en el conjunto llamado la Mansana de Chinati, construido por el escultor Donald Judd en la ciudad de Marfa, Texas, a partir del año 1974, comparándolo con las dos viviendas que realiza el arquitecto Philip Johnson en su propiedad de New Canaan, Connecticut, en torno al año 1950. Tanto en New Canaan como en la Mansana de Chinati existe una  oposición, una dialéctica, entre una arquitectura industrial y otra artesana, tanto Philip Johnson como Donald Judd consideran que existe una arquitectura principal, la realizada con materiales y técnicas industriales, y otra subalterna o de servicio, la construida con piezas de arcilla y técnicas artesanales. Esta segunda arquitectura encarnará las cualidades asociadas con la pobreza, la abundancia material y la clausura espacial. Sin  embargo, esta exhibición de pobreza no tiene como fin los propios edificios domésticos construidos artesanalmente, ya sea con adobe o con ladrillo, sino que estará al servicio de esa otra arquitectura, construida con técnicas industriales, a la que se exige renunciar a la comodidad y el confort o cuando menos ocultarlos bajo la forma de una radical austeridad.

  18. Identification, validation and cross-species transferability of novel Lavandula EST-SSRs.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Adal, Ayelign M; Demissie, Zerihun A; Mahmoud, Soheil S

    2015-04-01

    We identified and characterized EST-SSRs with strong discrimination power against Lavandula angustifolia and Lavandula x intermedia . The markers also showed considerable cross-species transferability rate into six related Lavandula species. Lavenders (Lavandula) are important economical crops grown around the globe for essential oil production. In an attempt to develop genetic markers for these plants, we analyzed over 13,000 unigenes developed from L. angustifolia and L. x intermedia EST databases, and identified 3,459 simple sequence repeats (SSR), which were dominated by trinucleotides (41.2 %) and dinucleotides (31.45 %). Approximately, 19 % of the unigenes contained at least one SSR marker, over 60 % of which were localized in the UTRs. Only 252 EST-SSRs were 18 bp or longer from which 31 loci were validated, and 24 amplified discrete fragments with 85 % polymorphism in L. x intermedia and L. angustifolia. The average number of alleles in L. x intermedia and L. angustifolia were 3.42 and 3.71 per marker with average PIC values of 0.47 and 0.52, respectively. These values suggest a moderate to strong level of informativeness for the markers, with some loci producing unique fingerprints. The cross-species transferability rate of the markers ranges 50-100 % across eight species. The utility of these markers was assessed in eight Lavandula species and 15 L. angustifolia and L. x intermedia cultivars, and the dendrogram deduced from their similarity indexes successfully delineated the species into their respective sections and the cultivars into their respective species. These markers have potential for application in fingerprinting, diversity studies and marker-assisted breeding of Lavandula.

  19. Como aquí, allá; como nosotros, ellos: la internacionalización de la precariedad en el ejercicio ciudadano

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    Patricia Zamudio Grave

    2007-05-01

    Full Text Available La universalidad de los derechos humanos ha sido proclamada y reiterada por la comunidad de naciones, desde mediados del siglo veinte. Al mismo tiempo, procesos globalizadores parecen contradecir el derecho de todos los seres humanos a gozar de una vida digna, en todos los aspectos que ésta engloba, tanto en países desarrollados, como en aquéllos en proceso de desarrollo. Este trabajo reflexiona sobre la forma como la migración internacional conecta experiencias de precariedad en el ejercicio de derechos y sus consecuencias para la vida cotidiana de los migrantes.

  20. STORYTELLING AS A COMMUNICATIVE ACT / LA NARRACIÓN ORAL COMO ACTO DE COMUNICACIÓN

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    María Nela Barba Téllez

    2013-04-01

    Full Text Available The material presented discloses a topic of great value and current importance in the context of Pedagogy and Educative Psychology: the storytelling for children. It is intended for those teachers, who before the imminence and fast pace of daily life, are aware of the value of the communication, participation and conversation as resources that enhance the imagination. The purpose of this material is to stimulate the reflection and creativity of teachers to enable the development of storytelling skill in groups of boys and girls, based on the communicative approach, through which is acknowledged that in the storytelling, as a communicative act, the communicative elements that are involved in communication are present. They are essentially a code, a message, a channel, a transmitter, a receiver and the communicative situation. RESUMEN: El material que se presenta se adentra en un tema de gran valor y actualidad en el contexto actual de la Pedagogía y la Psicología Educativa: la narración (oral para/con niñas y niños. Va dirigido a aquellos maestros que ante la inmediatez y el ritmo acelerado de la vida cotidiana, toman conciencia del valor de la comunicación, la participación y el diálogo, como recursos que potencian la dinámica de la narración oral. La intención es despertar la reflexividad y la creatividad de los maestros para favorecer el desarrollo de la narración en grupos de niñas y niños, desde la óptica del enfoque comunicativo, donde se reconoce que en la narración oral como acto de comunicación están presentes los elementos que intervienen en el acto comunicativo. Estos son esencialmente un código, un mensaje, un canal; un emisor, un interlocutor y la situación comunicativa.

  1. O neoliberalismo como um dos fundamentos da educação domiciliar

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    Romualdo Luiz Portela de Oliveira

    Full Text Available Resumo Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o neoliberalismo como um dos fundamentos da educação domiciliar, fenômeno de interesse crescente no Brasil, dada a tentativa de regulamentá-lo no país. Para tanto, foram tomados como referência três autorizados representantes do neoliberalismo: Friedrich Hayek; Milton Friedman e Ludwig von Mises e a reiterada preocupação destes com as liberdades, sobretudo as individuais. O artigo argumenta que o neoliberalismo se apresenta como uma das correntes teóricas que também dá suporte ao homeschooling, tendo como ponto crucial de sua fundamentação a rejeição da compulsoriedade da educação escolar, o que gera fortes implicações para o debate educacional, principalmente como desafios à escola pública compulsória.

  2. NARRATIVAS TRANSMIDIÁTICAS COMO ESTRATÉGIAS PUBLICITÁRIAS

    OpenAIRE

    Costa, Marcela

    2013-01-01

    Resumo: O trabalho reflete sobre as narrativas transmidiáticas como estratégiaspublicitárias. Para tal, realizamos um levantamento bibliográfico visandoentender que é uma narrativa, sua estrutura e definir o que são as narrativas transmidáticas. Por fim, analisamos a campanha The Happiness Factory paracompreender se, de fato, as narrativas transmidiáticas têm sido empregadaspela publicidade e como isso ocorre.Palavras-chave: publicidade; narrativa; narrativa transmidiática.Narrativas transmed...

  3. La fenomenología como atavismo

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    Galán, Iván

    2009-04-01

    Full Text Available This paper deals with phenomenology as a result of phenomenological freedom in its possibility of understanding a phenomenon as wild phenomenon. From this perspective, we are enabled to transcend established symbolic systems and to pose the question on the existence of a sense which is immature, not-saturated and imperfect without exception.El artículo pretende mostrar la vigencia de la fenomenología como expresión de la libertad fenomenológica, como posibilidad siempre abierta de acceder al fenómeno en cuanto fenómeno puro, registro arquitectónico en el que, saltando por sobre los sistemas simbólicos instituidos, nos es permitido plantear en toda su radicalidad la pregunta por la existencia de un sentido siempre prematuro, no saturado y jamás clausurable.

  4. Comportamiento [del] tanque de material compuesto ante cargas dinámicas

    OpenAIRE

    Artero Guerrero, José Alfonso

    2010-01-01

    Este proyecto fin de carrera analiza los impactos de fragmento a alta velocidad sobre estructuras de material compuesto que contienen líquidos. En este proyecto se estudia la vulnerabilidad de la estructura cuando está fabricada en material compuesto. Las excelentes propiedades que tienen los plásticos reforzados de fibras de carbono en cuanto a baja densidad y alta resistencia mecánica los sitúan en una situación clave para desarrollarse como material estructural en fabricación de aviones. E...

  5. COMPOSTAGEM DE ALGUNS RESÍDUOS ORGÂNICOS, UTILIZANDO-SE ÁGUAS RESIDUÁRIAS DA SUINOCULTURA COMO FONTE DE NITROGÊNIO

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    Antonio T. de Matos

    1998-08-01

    Full Text Available RESUMO O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a variação do carbono, do nitrogênio, da relação C/N e da temperatura das medas na compostagem do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar (com adição ou não de gesso ou de superfosfato triplo, do capim napier picado e da palha de café, quando se utilizaram águas residuárias da suinocultura como fonte de nitrogênio. Curvas exponenciais, obtidas por análise de regressão, foram ajustadas aos dados de concentração de carbono e nitrogênio, relação C/N e temperatura, de forma a se obter as constantes de decomposição do material orgânico e de acúmulo de nitrogênio nas medas. A constante média de decomposição do material orgânico foi de 0,003673 d-1 e a taxa média de acúmulo de nitrogênio foi de 0,006014 d-1 e o período de processamento compreendido entre 90 e 133 dias.

  6. Comportamiento de paneles de bambú guadua laminado ante cargas paralelas al plano

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    Juan Jacobo Pinilla Rodríguez

    2012-05-01

    Full Text Available Como un primer paso en el estudio del comportamiento ante cargas sísmicas de pórticos de bambú guadua laminados con paneles del mismo material, el Grupo de Investigación “Análisis, Diseño y Materiales, GIES”, de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, ensayó dos tipos de paneles elaborados con bambú Guadua angustifolia Kunth y poli (vinil acetato, PVA: los paneles tipo 1 de sección transversal maciza y los paneles tipo 2 de sección transversal tipo sándwich.Se consideraron tres alturas para cada tipo de panel y se ensayaron diez réplicas por altura y por tipo, para un total de sesenta ensayos.Para cada uno de los paneles ensayados se realizó una curva carga-desplazamiento. Los paneles tipo 1, con altura de 0,34 m y 0,63 m, mostraron un comportamiento elástico inicial seguido de un comportamiento inelástico, mientras que los paneles tipo 1 y 2 de 0,98 m de altura revelaron un comportamiento casi totalmente elástico hasta la falla. Todos los paneles sufrieron aplastamiento en la base; sin embargo, el principal mecanismo de falla fue el alabeo.

  7. El Sistema Penal como Instrumento de Control Social: El Papel del Encarcelamiento

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    Kelly Ribeiro Felix de Souza

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el sistema penal con el fin de encontrar elementos capaces de entenderlo como una técnica de control social de los considerados indeseables para la vida en sociedad. Adoptando como marco teórico la criminología crítica, más especificamente las contribuciones de autores como Massimo Pavarini y Michel Foucault, así como el método de investigación dialéctico, se busca, desde un enfoque jurídico y sociológico, indicar las transformaciones del poder disciplinario hasta su diseño actual, así como demostrar sus relaciones con uno de los principales instrumentos del poder punitivo hoy en día - la privación de libertad. En este sentido, parece que la selectividad del ejercicio del poder punitivo se muestra como un importante instrumento de control social de los excluidos.

  8. Potencial da cinza do bagaço da cana-de-açúcar como material de substituição parcial de cimento Portland Potential of sugarcane bagasse ash as a partial replacement material for Portland cement

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcos O. de Paula

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho, voltado para a avaliação do potencial da cinza do bagaço da cana-de-açúcar (CBC como material de substituição parcial do cimento Portland em argamassa, objetivou apresentar opção viável para a destinação deste resíduo, cuja quantidade gerada aumentará significativamente nos próximos anos, em decorrência da ampliação do setor de produção de álcool combustível; além disso, o emprego da CBC como adição mineral, substituindo parte do cimento em argamassas e concretos, contribui para a redução do impacto ambiental desses materiais, em boa parte decorrente da produção do cimento. O procedimento experimental abordou não só caracterização da CBC mas também a avaliação, através de ensaios físicos e mecânicos, em que os resultados mostraram que o bagaço apresenta rendimento de CBC de 10%, com a cinza sendo composta de 84% de SiO2 e 5% de Carbono. A sílica na CBC apresenta-se na fase amorfa e nas fases cristalinas de cristobalita e quartzo. Os índices de atividade pozolânica comprovam a reatividade da CBC. Do ponto de vista da resistência à compressão, argamassas com teores de CBC entre 0 e 30% indicaram a possibilidade de substituição de até 20% do cimento pela CBC.This study is focused on the evaluation of the effects of the partial replacement of Portland cement by sugarcane bagasse ash (CBC in mortars. The main objective was to find a suitable destination for an agricultural residue generated in an increasing amount in Brazil, as a result of the boom of the use of ethanol as an alternative fuel to gasoline. Also, the use of CBC as a mineral admixture in mortars and concretes contributes to a decrease in the environmental impact of these materials related to cement production. Experimental techniques were applied both for the CBC characterization and for the evaluation of its use as a mineral admixture in mortars, based on mechanical and physical tests. The yield of CBC from sugarcane

  9. Valorisation of phosphogypsum as building material: Radiological aspects

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tayibi, H.

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Nowadays, alternative uses of phosphogypsum (PG in the building industry are being considered in several countries; however, the natural radioactivity level in the PG could be a restriction for those uses. United States Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA classified PG as Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (TENORM. This drawback could be avoided controlling its percentage in the cement preparation and the radionuclides content in the other raw materials used in its production, and calculating the activity concentration index (I in the final by-products. The valorization of PG as a building material has been studied, from a radiological point of view, by developing a new stabilisation/solidification process. PG is incorporated within a polymeric sulphur matrix, obtaining a concrete-like material, which presents lower natural radioactive content than the initial PG. The 226Ra content of this material ranged between 26-27 Bq·kg-1 and it is quite similar to that of common Spanish building materials.

    Actualmente, en muchos países se está contemplando el uso alternativo del fosfoyeso (PG en la industria de la construcción, aunque su contenido en radionucleidos naturales puede presentar ciertas restricciones para dicha aplicación (material clasificado por la US-EPA como TENORM: “Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Materials. No obstante, estos inconvenientes podrían paliarse controlando el porcentaje del PG y los niveles de radioactividad en las materias primas a incorporar al cemento y calculando el índice de concentración de actividad (I en los productos finales. La valorización del PG como material de construcción se ha estudiado en este trabajo desde el punto de vista radiológico, desarrollando un nuevo proceso de estabilización/solidificación, obteniéndose un material de características similares al cemento y que presenta menor contenido de radionucleidos naturales que el

  10. La docencia como práctica profesional

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Martínez de Acosta Carmen H.

    1993-12-01

    Full Text Available

    No es fácil determinar si la actividad docente corresponde o no a una modalidad de práctica, rol, área de desempeño o ejercicio profesional como indiscriminadamente se denomina a las diferentes formas del quehacer de enfermería. Uno de los conceptos básicos de sociología es el de rol. El rol consiste en las conductas cumplidas o conductas percibidas como aceptables, referidas a una situación dada. La identificación de un rol se alcanza por medio de un proceso mutuo de validación y socialización profesional.

  11. El dictado como tarea comunicativa

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    Daniel Cassany

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available El artículo explora las utilidades didácticas del dictado (la práctica comunicativa de oralizar o leer en voz alta un escrito para el aprendizaje funcional de una lengua materna o extranjera, en los diversos niveles de enseñanza. Después de criticar el uso tradicional de este ejercicio lingüístico, presentamos once formas diferentes de desarrollar un dictado en clase, con sus particulares contenidos, objetivos y metodologías. También analizamos con detalle la técnica más tradicional del dictado magistral, en la que el docente dicta palabra por palabra un texto al alumnado, poniendo énfasis en la ortografía; ofrecemos algunas orientaciones para incrementar el componente comunicativo de esta propuesta. Las conclusiones finales proponen entender esta técnica como un recurso metodológico variado, rico y sugerente, adaptado a cada situación de aprendizaje —y no como una práctica obligatoria y fosilizada.

  12. Estudio térmico e infrarrojo de cinco tipos de madera comercializadas en norte de santander, para su posible uso como fuente de energía

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yessika Contreras-Valero

    2017-07-01

    Full Text Available Background: Wood is one of the most exploited natural resources by man; however, its use leads to the production of considerable amounts of waste, which pollute due to its decomposition. For this reason, several investigations have search different possible uses for this wastes, among which is, its use as a source of energy; however, waste contains different types of wood so, its potential is unknown. Objective: In this work, we determined the thermal properties, infrared analysis and combustion heat of five types of wood fresh and dry, marketed in Norte de Santander: cedar (Cedrela montana, pine (Cupressus lusitánica mil, eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulos labill, guadua (Guadua angustifolia and pardillo (Cordia gerascanthus. Methods: Thermal behavior was determined using an equipment SDT-Q600 de T.A. Instruments with simultaneous thermogravimetric analysis (TGA / differential scanning calorimetry (DSC. The energetic content was studied using a Phillipson modified combustion bomb, and infrared analysis using an infrared spectrophotometer FT-IR-ATR, SHIMADZU Prestige-21. Results: Thermal analysis showed the presence two weight losses and three thermal events (2 endothermic and 1 exothermic, these events are due to the moisture and the degradation of the chemical components. Each wood has different combustion heat. Infrared analysis allowed corroborating the presence of cellulose, lignin, hemicellulose and other organic compounds. Conclusion: The analysis carried out on the wood samples allowed to establish their differences and similarities that can be used to choose each as a source of energy or as a construction material.

  13. El tiempo del Aion: Una lectura de Manfredo Tafuri como rizotopía de la historia

    OpenAIRE

    León-Casero, J. (Jorge); Chocarro-Bujanda, C. (Carlos)

    2012-01-01

    El interés primordial de esta tesis es el estudio de cómo la temporalidad aiónica investigada por Tafuri (y también Cacciari) afecta tanto a la historia material-arquitectónica por él realizada, como a sus reducidos textos sobre historiografía, el principal problema con el cuál nos encontramos es que dicha influencia de la predominancia de Aion sobre Cronos en los intereses temporales de Tafuri no es la única. Es decir, que, en otras palabras, es indispensable situar correctamente este ámbito...

  14. Characterization and transformation of an industrial by-product (coated paper sludge into a pozzolanic material

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    San José, J. T.

    2007-03-01

    Full Text Available The effective re-use of industrial by-products calls for an understanding of their chemical, mineralogical and physical characteristics. The by-product used in this study was coated paper industry sludge from a plant whose sole prime material is recycled paper. Due to its high organic and calcium carbonate content and the presence of several clayey materials such as talc and kaolinite, incineration conditions had a significant effect on the mineralogy of such sludge. The present study examined the impact of such conditions on the pozzolanic properties of coated paper sludge. Several temperature intervals ranging from 600 to 750 ºC were studied to determine the conditions yielding the most promising pozzolanic properties.La necesidad de dar un correcto uso a los subproductos industriales requiere del conocimiento de sus características, tanto desde un punto de vista químico como mineralógico y físico. El subproducto utilizado para esta investigación es un lodo de papel estucado procedente de la industria papelera, la cual usa como materias primas un 100% de material reciclado. Debido al alto contenido de materia orgánica y carbonato cálcico y a la presencia de diferentes materiales arcillosos, como el talco y la caolinita, las condiciones de calcinación presentan un papel principal en la mineralogía de este lodo. En el actual trabajo se considera el papel que juegan estas condiciones, tiempo y permanencia en horno, en las propiedades puzolánicas del lodo de papel estucado como material cementante. Por esta razón, se estudiaron diferentes intervalos de temperatura, entre 600 y 750 ºC y 2 horas de permanencia en horno con el objetivo de obtener las mejores propiedades puzolánicas.

  15. Síntesis de óxido de grafeno como plataforma nanoscópica para materiales funcionales.

    OpenAIRE

    GUERRERO CONTRERAS, JESÚS

    2015-01-01

    En esta Tesis Doctoral se estudió la síntesis y modificación química del óxido de grafeno para usarse como plataforma para materiales funcionales. Se sintetizaron polvos de óxido de grafeno con diferente grado de oxidación a través de variaciones del método de Hummers para conocer la influencia de estas modificaciones sobre la estructura molecular, el grado de exfoliación y el contenido de oxígeno del material y éstas se relacionaron con el tamaño de dominio cristalino, la abso...

  16. Pegada Hídrica como Indicador de Sustentabilidade Ambiental1

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    Kettrin Farias Bem Maracajá

    2012-08-01

    Full Text Available O conceito de pegada hídrica tem sido recentemente introduzido como um importante indicador do consumo de água humano, na tentativa de minimizar os impactos ambientais. Esse trabalho aborda o conceito da pegada hídrica como um indicador de sustentabilidade, com vistas o uso racional dos recursos hídricos. Nos últimos anos, a escassez de alguns recursos naturais vem sendo bastante discutido em todo o mundo e quanto à água a preocupação é ainda maior em face do uso desordenado na irrigação, bem como pela poluição da água potável através da indústria e agricultura. Partindo dessa análise, a pegada hídrica surge como um indicador de sustentabilidade da água doce em seus diferentes tipos de consumo para que seja utilizada de forma consciente. Com base na revisão da literatura sobre o tema abordado, conclui-se que para a redução da pegada hídrica se deve tomar medidas de controle do uso direto e indireto da água doce principalmente na agricultura irrigada.

  17. Avaliação da Polpa de Citros Peletizada como Material para Cama de Frangos de Corte Evaluation of Citrus Pulp Pellet as a Broiler Litter

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    JOB Sorbara

    2000-09-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a utilização da polpa de citros peletizada (PCP como cama de frango, bem como analisar a composição bromatológica desse material. O experimento foi constituído de 1.792 pintos de um dia-machos e dividido em duas fases: 1 a 21 e 35 a 49 dias. Foi utilizado o delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, em esquema fatorial 2x2x2, sendo os fatores tipo de cama: PCP e maravalha x altura de cama: 7 e 10 cm x densidade: 10 e 14aves/m². Foram avaliados os parâmetros: gsnho de peso(GP, consumo de ração (CR, conversão alimentar (CA,viabilidade (V, incidência de lesões no coxim plantar e de calo de peito, matéria seca (MS e pH da cama aos 21 e 49 dias. Para verificar as possíveis alterações bromatológicas na cama foram feitas análises de Weende e Van Soest, bem como de energia bruta. Independentemente da altura da cama, as aves criadas em PCP numa densidade de 14 aves/m² apresentaram piores resultados de GP e CR no período de 35 a 49 dias. Em geral, os resultados de GP e CR foram mais influenciados pelas densidades do que pelos materiais utilizados. Não houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos para ambas as lesões. De uma maneira geral, a MS da cama de PCP foi maior enquanto o pH foi menor quando comparados com a maravalha. Nas análises bromatológicas, observou-se um efeito significativo dos tratamentos para todas as variáveis, com exceção da MM, a qual não apresentou diferença entre as médias (p>0,05. Melhores valores de PB, FDN e FDA foram obtidos com a cama de PCP.The object of this experiment was to evaluate the citrus pulp-pelleted (CPP as a broiler litter and their chemical composition. The experiment used 1792 one day-old males, and it was divided into two phases: 1 to 21 and 35 to 49 days of age. The experimental design was a factorial 2x2x2 with four replicates. The factors were: type of broiler litter (CPP and wood shaving, broiler litter depth (7 and 10

  18. AcEST: BP915041 [AcEST

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available . 172 1e-41 tr|B6U1W6|B6U1W6_MAIZE Angustifolia OS=Zea mays PE=2 SV=1 170 6e-41 tr|Q948X7|Q948X7_ARATH C-ter...YQ6_ARATH Putative uncharacterized protein (Putativ... 166 1e-39 tr|Q84JM5|Q84JM5_IPONI Angustifolia OS=Ipom

  19. La legionelosis como enfermedad profesional: metodología de valoración

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marta Dorronsoro Dorronsoro

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available La Legionella es una enfermedad bacteriana producida por la Legionella Pneumofila, patógeno oportunista que para causar una enfermedad debe estar presente en el lugar (reservorio, debe alcanzar un número suficiente para causar la infección (amplificación y debe pasar al ambiente en estado infectivo (diseminación los focos de contaminación que con mayor frecuencia han sido relacionados con los brotes epidémicos son instalaciones de suministro de agua y de acondicionamiento del aire de los edificios como: circuitos de distribución de agua caliente sanitaria, sistemas de climatización, aguas termales de centros de rehabilitación y recreo, equipos de aerosolterapia. El desarrollo de la enfermedad depende de la exposición al microorganismo patógeno, de la virulencia y de la inmunidad del huésped. La enfermedad puede ser asumida como enfermedad profesional cuando su aparición va ligada a la exposición al agente patógeno, demostrada su presencia en el medio de trabajo y realizando tareas en las que es posible su infección. En este artículo a propósito de un caso se establecen los pasos para la determinación de la contingencia profesional de una enfermedad causada por exposición a agentes biológicos Material y método: Se han revisado hasta mayo de 2013 las siguientes bases de datos bibliográficas: SciELO, y PUBMED. Así como la Bibliografía y documentos de consulta citados en la misma Conclusiones: la neumonía por legionella puede contraerse tanto con carácter ocupacional ligado al trabajo como ambiental. Como toda enfermedad profesional, la diferencia no está en los signos o síntomas de la enfermedad, que no difieren en la neumonía por legionella ni en la clínica ni en la analítica, ni en las pruebas de imagen en cuanto al origen causal, sea este ambiental o de ocio o en la práctica laboral, sino que su adscripción diferencial causal ligada al trabajo viene definida por cumplir con los requisitos legales que dotan a

  20. El anisakis y sus enfermedades como enfermedad profesional

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    José Manuel Vicente Pardo

    Full Text Available El anisakis es un parásito complejo de los animales marinos. El hombre no es el hospedador adecuado, ya que en él la larva L3 no puede completar su ciclo vital, siendo por tanto un hospedador accidental u ocasional, que se interpone en el ciclo vital del nemátodo, y al que el anisakis le puede causar tanto la parasitación como la alergia, cuando ingiere pescado o cefalópodos crudos o poco cocinados: tales como sushi, sashimi, ceviche gravlax noruego, lomi-lomi hawaiano, así como pescados en escabeche, vinagre, desecado, ahumados, semiconservas, o en salazón que contengan este parásito en su forma de larva en estadio tres L3. Las enfermedades por anisakis constituyen un problema de salud pública, generalizado y que ha aumentado su incidencia en los últimos años. En 2012, se notificaron 20.000 casos de anisakiasis en todo el mundo. España es el segundo país con mayor número de intoxicaciones por Anisakis después de Japón. Diversos estudios en España sobre la prevalencia de la sensibilización reflejan una elevada prevalencia entre pacientes que han sufrido episodios de reacciones alérgicas. El 50 por ciento de quienes manipulan directamente el pescado presentan sensibilidad a anisakis. Siendo por tanto cada vez más común la afectación por y en el desarrollo del trabajo, constituyendo entonces procesos considerados como enfermedad profesional cuando se dan las circunstancias determinantes causales de trabajo, riesgo y exposición que para ello deben concurrir. La afección puede presentarse tanto por contacto laboral como por contacto en el consumo ordinario de pescado infestado, lo que hará difícil el estimar como causa exclusiva o consecuente la aparición de la enfermedad a consecuencia del desempeño del trabajo. Los sectores laborales de riesgo por enfermedades por anisakis, son los pescadores, pescaderos ("pescateros" y cocineros. En general todos aquellos que trabajan tanto en la captura, limpieza, manipulación, venta

  1. Cultura e natureza: a viagem e o turismo como necessidades humanas

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    Silvio Lima Figueiredo

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available O artigo analisa os conceitos e práticas da viagem e do turismo baseado nas discussões sobre as características do fenômeno e de sua gênese. A viagem é então entendida a partir dos estudos da natureza e da cultura e como essas duas categorias se relacionam entre si, de acordo com os estudos antropológicos de Malinowski, Claude Levi-Strauss e Clifford Geertz. É evidenciada a interpretação da viagem como universal cultural, no entanto, nao se pode entendê-la como um aspecto da “natureza humana”. O turismo é entendido como um tipo de viagem cuja origem e características surgiram no mundo moderno.

  2. LA PARTICIPACION EN LA SOCIEDAD COMO BASE DEL DESARROLLO

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    María Cecilia Múnera López

    2012-11-01

    Full Text Available A explicação dela participação na sociedade como a base para o desenvolvimento é o resultado dum processo longo de pesquisa, que no âmbito da teoria fundamentada, tem chegado a aspetos essenciais de ordem conceitual e metodológica, que sustentam o desenvolvimento e a participação. Assim, este artigo apresenta o desenvolvimento desde uma perspectiva resignificada, entendida como uma construção sociocultural múltipla, histórica e territorialmente determinada. De acordo com tal renovação teórica, se apresenta uma forma tipológica de participação, chamada "participação sinérgica", como uma opção plausível para impactar positivamente o desenvolvimento.

  3. El Leasing como herramienta de financiación

    OpenAIRE

    Chorén, María Cecilia

    2015-01-01

    El siguiente trabajo de investigación es planteado para ser utilizado por las Pymes para evaluar la oportunidad de aplicar el Leasing frente a una posibilidad de inversión en activos fijos; ya que hoy en día es tenido en cuenta en los países desarrollados como la herramienta de financiamiento más conveniente y perfecto que existe debido a sus amplios beneficios. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo primordial establecer las ventajas impositivas, jurídicas, financieras y operativas para que las...

  4. La entrevista como encuentro de subjetividades

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    Emma Ruiz Martín del Campo

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available Se parte de la comprensión de la subjetividad como la expresión preñada de cultura de cada ser humano que se gesta en las relaciones interpersonales, primero entre el infante y las personas que le prodigan los cuidados tempranos, y después en la adolescencia y la edad adulta, con cada vez más representantes de la cultura de la socialización. En dicha interacción, la persona aprende a convivir con otros y a modelar sus impulsos, lo que le permite encontrar las formas más satisfactorias posibles de experimentarse a sí misma y tomar parte en las actividades de su entorno social. El equilibrio entre el individuo que busca satisfacer sus impulsos y necesidades y la cultura a la que pertenece es dinámico, por lo que la subjetividad se transforma a lo largo de toda la vida. Tras abundar sobre la subjetividad, se describen dos formas de orientar la entrevista a profundidad: la psicoanalítica y la etnopsicoanalítica. La entrevista psicoanalítica explora la subjetividad como tal y en ella el entrevistador actúa como un acompañante del sujeto en la progresiva comprensión de sí mismo y de su historia individual, desentrañando significados del comportamiento hasta entonces inconscientes para sí mismo, que se clarifican en la interacción. La entrevista etnopiscoanalítica busca explorar la experiencia cultural de las personas. Expertos en ciencias sociales entrenados a la vez en el descubrimiento del inconsciente se involucran en un medio cultural nuevo para ellos y a través de entrevistas y conversaciones con los integrantes de la comunidad que visitan van descubriendo formas de participación de estos en los espacios de vida social, así como las maneras que dan cuenta de símbolos y modos de reacción propios de su cultura. Cada una de estas dos formas de entrevista es ilustrada con un ejemplo que da muestra plásticamente del encuentro de las subjetividades

  5. Qualitative analysis by X ray fluorescence of impurities in materials used as air filters; Analisis cualitativo por fluorescencia de rayos X de impurezas en materiales utilizados como filtros de aire

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lartigue G, J; Munoz M, G; Navarrete T, M [Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico)

    1995-06-01

    A qualitative analysis of impurities in 5 materials commonly used as air filters was performed with 2 aims: to compare them, in regard to their impurities and to set a methodology to identify spectroscopically, in a short time (1000 seconds), those impurities in order to subtract the blanks signal from that one generated by the collected sample. Some papers on air filters impurities (cellulose, polycarbonate and glass fiber) were found in literature. In one case, the analysis was performed by energy-dispersive X ray fluorescence, tube generated method. In this work it was employed the same method but a radioisotope (Cd-109) was used as primary source. This was applied to 2 of the above mentioned materials as well as to nylon, teflon and quartz. The glass fiber filter had the highest impurity level: Ca, Ba, Pb, Zn, Sr, Rb, and Fe (0.5 {mu}gFe/cm{sup 2}, measured by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy). The teflon filter had the lowest impurity level. The developed procedure is fast, precise and reproducible and it may be applied also to wastewaters filters. [Spanish] Se realizo el analisis cualitativo de impurezas en cinco materiales comunmente utilizados como filtros de aire, con dos propositos: compararlos en base a sus impurezas y establecer una metodologia que permitiera, en muy corto tiempo (1000 segundos), identificar espectroscopicamente las impurezas a fin de restar la senal del blanco de aquella que genera eventualmente la muestra. En la bibliografia se encontraron algunas publicaciones acerca de impurezas en filtros de aire (celulosa, pollicarbonato y fibra de vidrio), determinadas principalmente por Absorcion Atomica. En un caso, tal determinacion se realizo por Fluorescencia de Rayos X generados en tubo de descargas y detectados por dispersion de energia. En este trabajo se empleo el mismo metodo de Fluorescencia de Rayos X detectados por dispersion de energia pero generados por un radioisotopo (Cd-109) y se aplico a dos de los tres materiales antes

  6. Las fortalezas en personas mayores como factor que aumenta el bienestar

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Encarnación Ramírez-Fernández

    2015-08-01

    Full Text Available En las últimas décadas se ha incrementado el estudio de las fortalezas psicológicas como factor que afecta al bienestar. Éstas pueden ser consideradas como un subconjunto de rasgos de personalidad a los que se otorga un valor moral, definiéndose como cualidades naturales que las personas están intrínsecamente motivada a utilizar porque aumentan la calidad de vida. Las investigaciones demuestran que actúan como factores de protección y prevención de la psicopatología y de los problemas de conducta en las diferentes etapas evolutivas. Hay fortalezas que son más relevantes en personas mayores y su entrenamiento estaría dirigido a influir sobre el comportamiento y el funcionamiento emocional con el objetivo de aumentar la satisfacción con la vida. En el presente trabajo se analizan las fortalezas que predominan en adultos mayores y se propone un programa de intervención para potenciarlas con la finalidad de mejorar su salud y calidad de vida. Se trata de una propuesta novedosa ya que, hasta el momento, las intervenciones en este ámbito han ido encaminadas a paliar diferentes problemas tanto de manera aislada como complemento de terapias de tipo más tradicional pero no como prevención de la aparición de trastornos habituales en edades avanzadas.

  7. AFINAL, COMO SE FORMAM AS ESTRATÉGIAS?

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    Maurício Fernandes Pereira

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available Tem havido recentemente um grande interesse por parte dos autores em entender como se desenvolve a prática da estratégia organizacional. Partindo desta tendência, o presente trabalho descreve como ocorre o processo de formação estratégica em uma organização pertencente ao terceiro setor – o SESC/SC (Serviço Social do Comércio em Santa Catarina. A criação da estratégia na organização em estudo é analisada tomando-se como base os referenciais propostos por Whittington (2002, analisando duas dimensões principais: os resultados pretendidos com as estratégias e os processos pelos quais ela acontece. Com base nos dados coletados observou-se que, na prática da organização pesquisada, as razões que levam ao estabelecimento da estratégia não estão unicamente voltadas aos aspectos econômicos. Quanto à formação das estratégias, no caso estudado, predominou a formação da estratégia da visão clássica de Whittington (2002, por meio da utilização do planejamento estratégico.

  8. Caracterización del material compuesto mármol-poliéster

    OpenAIRE

    Corpas Iglesias, F. A.; Iglesias Godino, F. J.; Codina Sánchez, S.; Ruiz Román, J. M.; Ruiz Prieto, J. M.; Alonso Santos, C.

    2002-01-01

    En este trabajo, caracterizamos un nuevo material compuesto, formado con una mezcla de poliéster y de mármol blanco triturado. El propósito final es doble: por un lado obtener un material para aplicaciones lo suficientemente competitivas como para que se pueda iniciar un estudio económico de viabilidad, aumentando el rendimiento de la materia prima y mejorando las salidas laborales de las comarcas extractoras. Para la caracterización del material se ha determinado el porcentaje adecuado de...

  9. Toxicidade de compostos sintéticos e naturais sobre Tetranychus urticae e o predador Phytoseiulus macropilis

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    Bruce Veronez

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a toxicidade de compostos sintéticos e naturais sobre Tetranychus urticae e o predador Phytoseiulus macropilis. A mortalidade e a taxa de crescimento de T. urticae e seu predador foram avaliadas após a aplicação de: abamectina, clofentezina, fenpropatrina, fenpiroximato, propargito, enxofre e espiromesifeno, nas concentrações recomendadas; óleos de nim (Natuneem e Sempre Verde Killer Neem a 1%; e extratos aquosos a 10% de Dieffenbachia brasiliensis, Annona squamosa, Ruta graveolens, Agave angustifolia, Melia azedarach, Sonchus oleraceus, Mentha spicata x M. suaveolens, Allium cepa, Laurus nobilis e Eucalyptus saligna. A toxicidade aguda e a influência dos compostos sobre a taxa de crescimento instantâneo dos ácaros foram avaliadas em laboratório. Extratos de A. cepa, A. angustifolia, produtos à base de óleo de nim, espiromesifeno, propargito, fenpiroximato, abamectina e fenpropatrina causaram mortalidade superior a 83% em T. urticae. Extrato de A. angustifolia, Natuneem e clofentezina não causaram mortalidade significativa em P. macropilis. Agave angustifolia e Natuneem não afetaram significativamente a taxa de crescimento deste predador. Propargito, fenpiroximato, abamectina, fenpropatrina, espiromesifeno e extrato de L. nobilis afetaram severamente a população de P. macropilis.

  10. El silencio como estrategia en la obra de Juan Rulfo

    OpenAIRE

    Gómez López-Quiñones, Loreto

    2013-01-01

    Juan Rulfo utiliza el silencio como un espacio para oír y decir mejor en el contexto del México postrevolucionario. Inspirándonos en la terminología de Spivak, pretendemos mostrar el silencio de Rulfo como una estrategia de resistencia ante la representación occidental del Otro.

  11. Antioxidant attributes of four lamiaceae essential oils

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hussain, A.I.; Anwar, A.; Iqbal, T.; Bhatti, I.A.

    2011-01-01

    The present study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant and radical scavenging activities of essential oils of four Lamiaceae plants i.e. Pogostemon cablin, Lavandula angustifolia, Melissa officinalis, and Salvia officinalis native to Pakistan. The essential oil contents from the aerial parts of P. cablin, L. angustifolia, M. officinalis and S. officinalis were found to be 1.98, 0.58, 0.25 and 0.46%, respectively. The principal chemical constituent established in P. cablin L. angustifolia, M. officinalis, and S. officinalis essential oils, were patchouli alcohol, linalool, citronellal, and 1,8-cineol, respectively. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH), percent inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation and bleaching beta-carotene in linoleic acid system. The essential oils possessed appreciable antioxidant and radical scavenging activities revealing potential for therapeutic applications. (author)

  12. OPTIMIZACIÓN DEL AISLAMIENTO TÉRMICO DE UNA CUBIERTA TRANSPARENTE DE UN SECADOR HÍBRIDO DE Guadua angustifolia OTIMIZAÇÃO DE ISOLAMENTO TÉRMICO DE UMA TAMPA TRANSPARENTE DE SECADOR HÍBRIDO DE Guadua angustifolia THERMAL INSULATION OPTIMIZATION OF A TRANSPARENT COVER FROM HYBRID DRYER OF Guadua angustifolia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Alberto Orozco

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available El principal problema que tiene un secador solar híbrido (solar asistido con gas o electricidad son sus costos de operación por consumo de energía. Para ello se determinó el espesor óptimo de aire confinado en la cubierta plástica el cual actúa como aislamiento térmico, se calculó el coeficiente global de transferencia de calor 'U', se estimó la potencia de la fuente externa la cual fue de 1,8 kW y se encontró que el consumo de energía es aproximadamente 5,35 veces menos que la potencia del secador híbrido con cubierta sencilla. El concepto es aplicable a cualquier tipo de secador solar, solar-asistido o cualquier invernadero para el sector agroindustrial.0 principal problema con um secador solar híbrido (solar-gás assistido ou com electricidade são os custos operacionais para o consumo de energia. Para este fim a pesquisa determinou a espessura ideal de ar confinado na tampa de plástico (duas carnadas que atua como isolamento térmico, foi calculada a taxa global de transferencia de calor 'U' e estimada pela alimentação externa de 1,8 kW e descobriu que o consumo de energía é de cerca de 5,35 vezes menor do que a potência do secador revestido híbrido simples. 0 conceito é aplicável a qualquer tipo de secador solar, solar assistida ou qualquer tampa plástica no seitor agrícola.In a solar hybrid dryer (solar assisted gas or electricity its main problem is to minimize its operational costs due to energy consumption. For this, was determined the optimum thickness of air confined in the plastic cover as thermal isolation, was calculated overall coefficient of heat transfer 'U', and was estimated the power of the external source which was of 1,8 kW and found that energy consumption is approximately 5,35 times less than the power of the hybrid dryer with single plastic deck. The concept is applicable to any type of solar dryer, solar-assisted or any greenhouse in agroindustrial area.

  13. Hábitos alimentarios, actividad física y binomio ansiedad/depresión como factores de riesgo asociados con el desarrollo de obesidad en población militar

    OpenAIRE

    M.A. Vazquez Guzman

    2014-01-01

    Antecedentes y objetivos: El sobrepeso y la obesidad son reconocidos como uno de los retos de salud pública del mundo. El objetivo fue determinar si los hábitos alimentarios, actividad física, y ansiedad y depresión, son factores de riesgo asociados con el desarrollo de obesidad en población militar mexicana. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico, tipo casos y controles, en el que se determinó la prevalencia de sobrepeso-obesidad, definida como sujetos con un IMC>...

  14. A crítica como réplica bakhtiniana: Edward W. Said como crítico musical

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Linda Hutcheon

    2015-11-01

    Full Text Available O artigo propõe uma leitura do trabalho do teórico pós-colonial Edward Said por meio de um olhar bakhtiniano. Ainda que Said e Bakhtin tenham se engajado de forma diferente na política de suas respectivas épocas e que tivessem ideias distintas sobre a relação entre ética e política, seus escritos abrangentes têm sido adaptados e suas ideias apropriadas por estudiosos em diferentes áreas - com frequência, as mesmas. Eles compartilharam a paixão pelo diálogo, explorando a alteridade e a exotopia, e acreditando na responsa-habilidade. O que o romance era para Bakhtin, o pianismo era para Said, como crítico musical. Said nunca desempenhou o papel de guia do consumidor ou de guardião. Era antes o par crítico ou o professor que atribui menções. A variedade de possíveis respostas do público sempre condicionou as suas. Em toda sua vida musical Said pensou como Bakhtin, talvez sem saber disso. As críticas musicais de Said eram, por definição, respostas ou réplicas. Eram híbridas, narrações e transmissões bivocais, mas também apropriações, como eram os romances aos olhos de Bakhtin. Os escritos de Said sobre música foram analisados à luz de vários conceitos-chaves de Bakhtin: dialogismo, endereçamento, responsa-habilidade e o papel do contexto.

  15. Characterization of five typical agave plants used to produce mezcal through their simple lipid composition analysis by gas chromatography.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Martínez-Aguilar, Juan Fco; Peña-Alvarez, Araceli

    2009-03-11

    Five agave plants typically used in Mexico for making mezcal in places included in the Denomination of Origin (Mexican federal law that establishes the territory within which mezcal can be produced) of this spirit were analyzed: Agave salmiana ssp. crassispina, A. salmiana var. salmiana, Agave angustifolia, Agave cupreata, and Agave karwinskii. Fatty acid and total simple lipid profiles of the mature heads of each plant were determined by means of a modified Bligh-Dyer extraction and gas chromatography. Sixteen fatty acids were identified, from capric to lignoceric, ranging from 0.40 to 459 microg/g of agave. Identified lipids include free fatty acids, beta-sitosterol, and groups of mono-, di-, and triacylglycerols, their total concentration ranging from 459 to 992 microg/g of agave. Multivariate analyses performed on the fatty acid profiles showed a close similarity between A. cupreata and A. angustifolia. This fact can be ascribed to the taxa themselves or differences in growing conditions, an issue that is still to be explored. These results help to characterize the agaves chemically and can serve to relate the composition of mezcals from various states of Mexico with the corresponding raw material.

  16. O contratualismo como método: política, direito e neocontratualismo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J. R. N. Chiappin

    2010-02-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar o contratualismo como método e como o resultado de uma sistematização de outros métodos de construção do conhecimento. Enquanto o contratualismo clássico tem como paradigmas os modelos, geométrico e mecânico, da Física de Galileu e de Descartes - em particular, o modelo de escolha racional com Descartes -, o contratualismo rawlsiano tem como paradigma alguns modelos da microeconomia - em particular, o modelo de equilíbrio geral. O método contratualista tem como projeto a transformação, no século XVII, da política e do Direito em uma disciplina científica, assumindo que, no século XVII: (i o modelo do conhecimento é o modelo geométrico e o conhecimento é conhecimento certo; (ii o modelo de indivíduo admite-o como racional e auto-interessado; (iii há uma teoria racional da ação e decisão humana. Portanto, para viabilizar o projeto de transformar a política e o Direito em ciência, o contratualismo é aqui interpretado não substantivamente, mas instrumentalmente, como método para acessar os fundamentos do mundo político. O método contratualista persegue uma combinação do modelo científico do conhecimento das causas eficientes e de suas relações aos efeitos, com o modelo de conhecimento das causas finais como estudo dos fins ou das características funcionais das coisas. Para interpretarmos o contratualismo como método, admitimos o novo modelo da relação entre conhecimento e tecnologia elaborado pela ciência moderna, que sustenta que o conhecimento da natureza é um conhecimento de conquista e domínio capaz de produzir mecanismos tecnológicos de intervenção na natureza com o objetivo de, conhecendo e manipulando as causas, obter os efeitos desejados.

  17. Inovação curricular nos cursos de graduação em medicina: o ensino da bioética como uma possibilidade

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rildo Pereira da Silva

    Full Text Available O estudo tem por objetivos sistematizar o estado da arte do ensino da bioética na graduação médica brasileira, com base nos trabalhos publicados nos anais dos congressos da Sociedade Brasileira de Bioética, da Associação Brasileira de Educação Médica e da Rede Unida, e nas revistas Bioética, Brasileira de Bioética, Brasileira de Educação Médica e Olho Mágico dos anos 2000 até 2005, e identificar concepções, conceitos, métodos e pressupostos bioéticos adotados no material pesquisado. Situa-se entre os campos da educação e do trabalho médicos, aqui entendidos como duas práticas sociais que devem dialogar permanentemente, razão pela qual a Pedagogia das Competências e as noções de competência e autonomia, como fundamentação e categorias teóricas, respectivamente, nele se inserem como aportes para compreender o processo de inclusão do ensino de bioética nos cursos de graduação médica, como uma possibilidade de inovação curricular.

  18. El lenguaje como exilio y como morada en las relaciones de alteridad: un acercamiento desde dos obras literarias de J.M Coetzee

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Diela Bibiana Betancur Valencia

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Dentro de la narrativa contemporánea, la obra del sudafricano John Maxwell Coetzee se traduce en un universo ficcional de vital impor - tancia para comprender el fenómeno del colonialismo, así como las guerras y los exilios asociados a él. En esta propuesta, nos interesa problematizar y comprender el lugar que ocupa el lenguaje en las re- laciones de alteridad que se tejen en medio del conflicto, la opresión y el aislamiento, en las obras Foe (1986 y La edad de hierro (1990. A través de los personajes de estas novelas, nos adentraremos en las posibilidades o imposibilidades del lenguaje en tanto configuración cultural determinada por circunstancias sociohistóricas. Finalmente, la mirada del rostro del otro, el lenguaje como morada o como gra- mática de lo inhumano, serán algunas metáforas que participarán en la configuración de sentido alrededor de los temas enunciados.

  19. Sucata como elemento de comunicação na enfermagem "Desperdicios" como elemento de comunicación en la enfermería "Scrap" as an element of communication in nursing

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elizabeth Esperidião

    1996-04-01

    Full Text Available À partir do entendimento de que alunos e profissionais de Enfermagem demonstram dificuldades em se posicionarem como “pessoas” na profissão, realizamos um estudo descritivo exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa. Oferecemos na II Jornada Goiana de Enfermagem uma oficina de trabalho intitulada “Conhecendo o SER Enfermeiro”. Dentre as várias técnicas de grupo, a sucata como elemento de comunicação foi um recurso utilizado em determinada dinâmica, sendo o objeto deste estudo que se propôs: identificar como é a representação do auto-retrato do SER Enfermeiro, verificar qual é o processo de interação indivíduo-sucata, durante a realização do trabalho e averiguar se o objeto de escolha assume uma representação diferente do que ele é. Encontramos que existem especificidades na representação de cada auto-retrato do SER Enfermeiro. Quanto à interação indivíduo-sucata houve uma certa seqüência obedecida: estranheza com o material e/ou trabalho proposto, manipulação e identificação dos objetos, seleção de sucatas e concretização da tarefa realizada. Em relação aos objetos escolhidos percebemos nítida preferência aos correlacionados com a profissão, embora outros também o foram. Finalizando, sugerimos que outros estudos sejam realizados, utilizando sucata enquanto elemento de comunicação.A partir del entendimiento que los alumnos y profesionales de enfermería demuestran dificultades en posicionarse como personas en la profesión, realizamos un estudio descriptivo exploratorio, con abordaje cualitativa, ofreciendo en la II Jornada de Enfermería en Goiania un taller de trabajo titulado "Conociendo el SER Enfermero". Entre varias técnicas de grupo, el "desperdicio" como elemento de comunicación fue un recurso utilizado en determinada dinámica, siendo el objeto de este estudio que se propuso: identificar cómo es la representación del auto retrato del SER Enfermero, verificar cual es el proceso de

  20. Quitina y carboximetilquitosana como agentes desintegrantes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sol A Fernández Monagas

    1998-08-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio comparativo de la quitina y la carboximetilquitosana como agentes desintegrantes, y se evaluó la influencia ejercida por el método empleado en la elaboración de las tabletas sobre la actividad desintegrante de ambos polímeros. La quitina presentó buenas características como agente desintegrante independientemente del método utilizado en la elaboración de las tabletas, mientras que la actividad desintegrante de la carboximetilquitosana fue afectada por el proceso de granulación.A comparative study of chitin and carboxymethylchitosan as disintegrating agents was wade made. The influence exerted bu tje method used in the preparation of the tablets on the disintegrating activity of both polymers was evaluated. Chitin proved to have good characteristics as a disintegrating agent independently of the method used to make tablets. The disintegrating activity of carboxymethylchitosan was affected by the granulation process.

  1. Turismo musical y patrimonio cultural como recursos educativos

    OpenAIRE

    Ramos Ahijado, Sonsoles; Botella Nicolás, Ana María

    2017-01-01

    La música es el más singular tipo de patrimonio cultural, que motiva desplazamientos turísticos, ya que para muchos viajeros cumple un rol importante en sus itinerarios. El turismo y el consumo cultural adquieren de este modo una gran relevancia, como fuente de riqueza y seña de identidad de la sociedad. En este artículo forma parte de una investigación de mayores dimensiones sobre la música como recurso para la promoción turística. Así, teniendo presente las nuevas tendencias del interés tur...

  2. La comunicación, como herramienta de productividad

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lic. Johnny Vargas D.

    1998-01-01

    Full Text Available En el ámbito corporativo o empresarial está cobrando auge la comunicación y ya se concibe al gerente moderno como "el gran comunicador", dejando a sus asesores inmediatos la realización de tareas más especializadas. En las empresas contemporáneas, el personal requiere tener información oficializada que le permite comprender su diario quehacer y le oriente productiva y personalmente. Un sistema de comunicación integral en el ámbito empresarial es otro componente de la producción, tan importante como la materia prima o los recursos financieros.

  3. La religión como asignatura no confesional

    OpenAIRE

    Rodríguez Acevedo, Cruz Javier

    2016-01-01

    Las Constituciones de los estados de la Organización de Seguridad y Cooperación Europea (OSCE) establecen como derecho fundamental la educación de sus ciudadanos o nacionales. En el contexto del correlativo deber estatal de facilitar una enseñanza integral, se discute si el estado se debe de ocupar de la enseñanza de la religión como asignatura. A este propósito en els eno de la OSCE se elaboró un documento, "Los principios orientadores de Toledo sobre la enseñanza acerca de las religiones y ...

  4. Compostagem de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar triturado utilizado como material filtrante de águas residuárias da suinocultura Composting of sugarcane trash used as filtering material for swine wastewater

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcos A. de Magalhães

    2006-06-01

    Full Text Available A suinocultura moderna, de produção animal confinada, em virtude de ser concentradora de dejetos em pequenas áreas, gera vultosos volumes de águas residuárias de grande potencial poluidor para o solo, o ar e a água, já que se trata de efluente rico em sólidos em suspensão e, dissolvidos, matéria orgânica, nutrientes (nitrogênio e fósforo, dentre outros, agentes patogênicos, metais pesados e sais diversos. No presente trabalho avaliou-se o processo de compostagem de resíduo orgânico (bagaço de cana-de-açúcar triturado, utilizado como material filtrante para águas residuárias de suinocultura, imediatamente após este material perder a capacidade filtrante e ter sido descartado da coluna filtrante. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir-se que o composto de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar corresponde ao fertilizante obtido por processo bioquímico, natural e controlado com mistura de resíduos de origem vegetal ou animal, contendo um ou mais nutrientes de plantas. Na avaliação da composição química do composto maturado, as pilhas de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar mais dejeto de suínos apresentaram concentração total de metais pesados que pode ser considerada segura, sob o ponto de vista de uso na adubação de culturas agrícolas, desde que obedecidos os critérios de taxa máxima de aplicação acumulativa.The modern swine production under confined conditions due to accumulation of dejects in small areas, generates large volumes of wastewater of high potential pollutant for the soil, the air and the water, since it is rich effluent in solids in suspension and dissolved organic nutritients (nitrogen and phosphorus, among others, pathogenic agents, heavy metals and several salts. In the present work the composting of organic residue (sugarcane trash used as filtering material for swine wastewater was evaluated immediately after the material lost its filtering capacity and was discarded from the column. The results led to the

  5. Tela, piel, color: retratando los mercados de las Antillas como un inventario de la diversidad humana

    OpenAIRE

    Anne Lafont

    2016-01-01

    La confrontación de las poblaciones heterogéneas y de razas mixtas en las Indias Occidentales con el material pictórico (lienzo y pigmentos) y los sistemas de clasificación humana propios de la era de las ilustraciones de la Enciclopedia, demuestra ser un campo de investigación notablemente interesante en términos de raza y el proceso de racialización,. Sin embargo, hasta hoy, la idea de pintura caribeña de la modernidad temprana no se ha presentado como tal, y esto es precisamente lo que pro...

  6. La sociedad civil como base de la educación y la educación como base de la sociedad civil

    OpenAIRE

    Alvira, Rafael

    2013-01-01

    La tesis fundamental del trabajo está expresada en el título: la sociedad civil es condición indispensable para que se pueda realizar una tarea educativa de altura y, a su vez, sin una educación bien hecha la sociedad civil sería imposible. Como sucede siempre, se puede comenzar por intentar mejorar las estructuras de la sociedad civil, o por potenciar la educación, pero en realidad la clave ahora está en cambiar la concepción tanto de la sociedad civil como de la educación. Para ello, result...

  7. Pensamiento único y contabilidad: la posibilidad de la contabilidad como disciplina moral

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mauricio Gómez Villegas

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available Los caminos para consolidar a la contabilidad como disciplina son diversos. La mirada convencional, que busca constituirla en una disciplina científica económica y positivista, está basada en presupuestos que deben juzgarse con rigor argumental, suficiencia histórica e imaginación crítica. La posibilidad de construir a la contabilidad como una disciplina moral, se muestra como una necesidad ante las evidencias de su aporte en la expansión del “pensamiento único”. Este documento muestra las relaciones de la contabilidad por partida doble con el pensamiento único y discute algunos elementos para generar un debate entorno a la posibilidad de la contabilidad como una disciplina moral.

  8. Mejora de la eficiencia energética de la producción de ladrillos de cerámica roja a partir del empleo como biocombustible de material lignocelulósico densificado lmproving energy efficiency on production of clay ceramic bricks using lignocellulosic-densified-material based biofuel

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Iván Machado L

    2011-08-01

    Full Text Available En el presente trabajo se exponen algunas experiencias en el propósito de obtener materiales de construcción como los ladrillos rojos cocidos a partir de una fuente energética alternativa proveniente de sustituir la madera o leña por residuos de material lignocelulósico sometidos al proceso de densificación con baja presión. El proceso de densificación con baja presión implica el empleo de algún tipo de aglomerante para lo cual en este trabajo se propone el uso del material arcilloso. Sobre esta base el objetivo principal de este estudio es evaluar el efecto que se produce en el consumo específico del biocombustible durante la fabricación artesanal de ladrillos al sustituir parcialmente la leña por la biomasa densificada. Se expone la relación entre algunas propiedades del biocombustible que permiten aumentar la relación ladrillos / kilogramo de combustible desde 1.1 a 1.4 lo que mejora la eficiencia del proceso de fabricación de ladrillos disminuyendo el consumo especifico con respecto al uso del combustible tradicional con la consiguiente mejora ambiental del proceso.This work presents some experiences in producing building materials, such as clay bricks, from an alternative energy source that replaces wood or firewood by waste lignocellulosic material submited to the process of densification under low pressure. The densification process at low pressure involves the use of a binder; this paper proposes the use of clay material as binder. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect in the consumption of biofuel during the production of handmade bricks, partially replacing wood by densified biomass. Some properties of the biofuel are identified to increase the bricks-to-fuel consumption ratio from 1.1 to 1.4. This improves the efficiency of the production process, reduces specific consumption regarding the use of traditional fuels with its consequent environmental improvement of the process.

  9. UTILIZAÇÃO DA MULTIMÍDIA NO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL COMO INSTRUMENTO DE ENSINO DE TEMAS EM CLIMATOLOGIA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ercilia Torres Steinke

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available O ensino de temas em Climatologia, na escola, necessita de mais estudos para proporcionar resultados que auxiliem os professores a transformar as complexas questões do clima e do tempo em aulas mais interessantes, isto é, que despertem a curiosidade dos alunos e que demonstre o significado para suas vidas. Para isso, os recursos materiais são ferramentas fundamentais. Esse texto tem como objetivo apresentar os primeiros produtos do projeto “Climatologia Fácil” e demonstrar a aplicabilidade de alguns deles como material didático para contribuir com o processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Três passos foram fundamentais: a planejamento inicial, b desenvolvimento do conteúdo e c aplicação em sala de aula. Os resultados mostraram que, com a adequada mediação do professor, a multimídia interativa pode ser um instrumento didático e pedagógico que estimula a dinamização nas aulas e motiva os alunos em favor do processo da efetiva aprendizagem.

  10. Tecidos moles (não resistentes: como se fossilizam?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Silvia Regina Gobbo

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available A preservação de tecidos moles (não resistentes desperta atenção pela qualidade dos fósseis preservados, e pela raridade. Este trabalho faz ampla revisão do assunto, desfaz alguns dos mitos correntes sobre fossilização destes materiais, como anaerobiose e soterramento rápido, bem como assinala a relevância do papel da replicagem de estruturas morfológicas por colônias microbianas. No âmbito dos fatores que influenciam a preservação de tecidos não resistentes estão pH, processos de decomposição, soterramento rápido e mineralização rápida por meio de carbonatos ou fosfatos. É possível citar exemplos de fácies sedimentares nas quais há preservação de tecidos não resistentes, como os folhelhos pirobetuminosos, calcários litográficos, folhelhos e diatomitos. Destaca-se o papel das colônias microbianas, tanto na forma de microesferas, como aquelas não-esferulíticas. Os três mitos principais que se procurou desfazer no artigo são: (1 a presença de oxigênio; (2 o soterramento rápido e (3 as colônias microbianas.

  11. CONTROL DE CALIDAD DE HERRAMIENTAS DE CORTE CON REMOCIÓN MÍNIMA DE MATERIAL QUALITY CONTROL OF CUTTING TOOLS WITH MINIMUM MATERIAL REMOVAL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jandrey Maldaner

    2007-04-01

    Full Text Available Debido a la mejora de las tecnologías de mecanizado, es necesario que las herramientas satisfagan las demandas requeridas. Una condición especial, para poder describir con seguridad el corte con remoción mínima de material, es el conocimiento de los valores característicos de la superficie y de la geometría. Las herramientas poseen una influencia substancial en la calidad de las piezas producidas, así como en la estabilidad y en la seguridad del proceso de mecanizado. Aunque hay una gran cantidad de herramientas para el corte con remoción mínima de material, se presenta como ejemplo la investigación con medición óptica y la obtención de los valores característicos para dientes de sierras de cinta.Due to improved machine cutting technologies it is necessary that tools fulfil the required performance. A special condition, for minimal machine cutting removal, is the knowledge of surface and geometry characteristic values. These tools represent both a substantial influence on the quality of the manufactured pieces and on stability and working safety of the cutting process. Since there is a large number of tools for minimal removal of material, examples of optical measurement and examination of characteristic values by the belt saw teeth are presented.

  12. O historiador como intelectual mediador da cultura

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alex Fernandes Borges

    2017-07-01

    Full Text Available O presente artigo visa analisar teoricamente a possibilidade de se qualificar o historiador, tomando por base uma tipologia ideal extraída da teoria da história de Jörn Rüsen, como um intelectual mediador, notadamente com base no conceito proposto a partir dos estudos de mediação cultural desenvolvido por Jesús Martín-Barbero e recentemente sistematizado no país por Ângela de Castro Gomes e Patrícia Hansen. Diante disso, articulou-se as hipóteses em três eixos: caracterização do intelectual mediador da cultura como uma categoria de análise compreensiva; instituição de um tipo ideal de historiador nos moldes weberianos e; a subsunção deste àquela.

  13. Formação de preços como processo complexo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eleutério F. S. Prado

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available O artigo parte da dificuldade do economista "moderno" em compreender o modo como Marx e os economistas clássicos pensavam a formação de preços. Com base na distinção entre microeconomia reducionista e microeconomia sistêmica, compara esse modo com aquele da teoria neoclássica. Para tanto, examina em seqüência três tipos de representações da formação de preços: o mercado como coerência, o mercado como equilibrismo e o mercado como processo. Mostra que o modo "antigo" de pensar o funcionamento do mercado pode ser reconstruído com base na teoria econômica computável. O mercado, enquanto mera aparência do modo de produção capitalista, é então teoricamente representado como algoritmo, ou seja, como mercatômato.The paper arise from the troubles of "moderns" economists for understanding how Marx and the classical economists thought about the formation of prices. On the base of the distinction between reductionist microeconomics and systemic microeconomics, it compares that mode with the mode of thinking of neoclassical theory. For that, investigate three types of prices formation representations: the market as coherence, the market as equilibrium and the market as process. It shows that the "old" mode of thinking the working of the market can be reconstructed on the base of computable economics. Then the market - while appearance of capitalist mode of production - is theoretically described as an algorithm, that is, as markomata.

  14. La medicina tradicional como medicina ecocultural

    OpenAIRE

    Aparicio Mena, Alfonso Julio

    2005-01-01

    Los sistemas terap??uticos tradicionales responden a las culturas de los pueblos en los que surgen. En ellos, se concibe la naturaleza ??ntimamente ligada a la tradici??n. Salud es, para los miembros de las culturas tradicionales, bienestar como equilibrio entre el ser humano, la naturaleza, las creencias y la sociedad.

  15. Analysis of the sensitivity of the impact resonance frequency test as a tool to determine the elastic properties of bituminous materials; Análisis de la sensibilidad del ensayo de resonancia por impacto como herramienta para determinar las propiedades elásticas de materiales bituminosos.

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Tauste, R.; Moreno-Navarro, F.; Gallego, R.; Rubio-Gámez, M.C.

    2017-07-01

    The modulus value of bituminous materials is a key factor in the design of road pavements and the estimation of their life service. This parameter can be measured in laboratory but, unfortunately, this requires the deterioration of the pavement so as the consumption of time and resources. Therefore, this study analyses the feasibility of using impact resonance frequency tests as an alternative to traditional methods for determining the dynamic modulus of bituminous mixtures. The sensitivity of this technique has been studied by analyzing its repeatability and reproducibility, studying the variations in the values measured by modifying the dimensions of the specimens, test temperatures and types of mixture tested. In addition, this non-destructive technique has been compared with other traditional tests used to determine the elastic properties of bituminous materials. The results show that this test could be an interesting tool to characterize the properties and damage state of asphalt layers. [Spanish] El valor de módulo de los materiales bituminosos es un factor clave en el diseño de pavimentos y la estimación de su vida de servicio. Este parámetro puede ser medido en laboratorio pero, desafortunadamente, esto requiere deteriorar el pavimento así como el consumo de tiempo y recursos. Por ello, este estudio analiza la viabilidad de usar el ensayo de frecuencia de resonancia mediante impacto como alternativa a los métodos tradicionales para determinar el módulo dinámico de mezclas bituminosas. La sensibilidad de esta técnica se ha estudiado analizando su repetibilidad y reproducibilidad, estudiando variaciones en los valores medidos al modificar dimensiones de probetas, temperaturas y tipos de mezcla ensayados. Además, esta técnica no destructiva se ha comparado con otros ensayos tradicionales empleados para determinar propiedades elásticas de materiales bituminosos. Los resultados muestran este ensayo como una herramienta interesante para caracterizar

  16. El antropomorfismo como generador de amor a la marca

    OpenAIRE

    Peláez Muñoz, Jenny

    2017-01-01

    Tradicionalmente el concepto de amor se ha considerado como un sentimiento que pertenece exclusivamente al ámbito de los seres humanos y que no puede ser aplicado a cosas ordinarias como un producto o una marca. Sin embargo, esta idea ha sido cuestionada por la literatura de marketing dado que diferentes estudios reconocen que los individuos pueden sentir amor hacia ideas, actividades, aficiones, animales y objetos (ver Fournier, 1998; Ahuvia et al., 2009). Los estudios académicos sobre marca...

  17. La virtualización como necesidad de cambio

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eleonora Parra de Párraga

    2002-09-01

    Full Text Available La idea básica en este artículo es efectuar un análisis sobre la realidad que viven muchas empresas, las cuales tienen un enfrentamiento temeroso y cauteloso con los cambios, aún cuando sean vistos como una necesidad de supervivencia en el mercado. La aparición de la figura del teletrabajo, la oficina virtual, el uso de las tecnologías de la información son aspectos a tratarse, además de estudiar brevemente los marcadores de productividad, y la pérdida de control que las empresas virtuales pueden acarrear a futuro. Por ello, la mayoría de estos conglomerados, ha visto como una solución a sus problemas de aceptación y permanencia en el mundo comercial la utilización de esta forma de acercamiento con el público usuario o consumidor de sus servicios o productos. Lo vital, es presentarle otras alternativas, tan atractivas entre ellas como para elegir la más conveniente, según las necesidades del momento, del propio individuo y de su entorno.

  18. Diplopia como primeiro sintoma de esclerose múltipla

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Auxiliadora Monteiro Frazão

    2015-04-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Determinar a frequência e as características clínicas das alterações da motilidade ocular extrínseca em indivíduos portadores de esclerose múltipla, residentes no estado de São Paulo, em série de casos consecutivos de 1996 a 2011. Métodos: Foram selecionados oitenta e três indivíduos com esclerose múltipla, com idade entre 17 e 59 anos. Todos foram submetidos à anamnese e exame ocular completo. Resultados: Alterações da motilidade ocular extrínseca foram encontradas em 17 ( 20,48% dos 83 indivíduos. A diplopia ocorreu como primeiro sintoma da doença em 11 (13,25% indivíduos. Conclusão: A frequência de diplopia como primeiro sintoma de esclerose múltipla é relevante. Por esse fato, é fundamental ressaltar a importância da difusão do conhecimento desse achado para a realização de diagnóstico precoce de esclerose múltipla, tanto para o oftalmologista geral, como para o médico generalista, melhorando assim o prognóstico dos pacientes que dela padecem.

  19. Videojuegos como herramienta educativa en la escuela: concienciando sobre el ciberbullying

    OpenAIRE

    Clavo Morata, Antonio

    2017-01-01

    Históricamente el acoso se ha visto como una experiencia normal y aceptada parte del periodo de vida de los niños y adolescentes, experiencia con la que tenían que lidiar ellos mismos. No ha sido hasta hace dos décadas cuando se ha empezado a ver como un riesgo para la salud mental y física de estos. Se han documentado problemas asociados a la atención, el comportamiento y a la regulación emocional, así como importantes trastornos psicológicos e incluso suicidios en casos extremos. El acoso e...

  20. Arquitectura universitária : o campus como elemento arquitectónico

    OpenAIRE

    Martins, Luis Miguel Madruga, 1984-

    2017-01-01

    Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Arquitectura, Universidade Lusíada de Lisboa, 2017. Exame público realizado em 13 de Outubro de 2017. A presente investigação tem como objectivo estudar o campus universitário como elemento arquitectónico e urbanístico de modo a compreender, tanto a sua relevância histórica e social como o seu papel urbano dentro da cidade. Nesse sentido é essencial estudar o contexto histórico e social da origem da universidade e os modelos arquitectónicos que surgi...

  1. Overview of recent work on self-healing in cementitious materials

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lv, Z.

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available Cracks, especially microcracks, in concrete are of paramount importance to the durability and the service life of cementitious composite. However, the self-healing technology, including autogenous healing and autonomous healing, is expected to be one of effective tools to overcome this boring problem. In this paper, we focus on the autogenous healing of concrete material and a few of recent works of autonomous healing are also mentioned. The durability and the mechanical properties improved by the self-healing phenomenon are reviewed from experimental investigation and practical experience. Several aspects of researches, such as autogenous healing capability of an innovative concrete incorporated geo-materials, self-healing of engineered cementitious composite and fire-damaged concrete, effect of mineral and admixtures on mechanism and efficiency of self-healing concrete are summarized to evaluate the presented progresses in the past several years and to outline the perspective for the further developments. Moreover, a special emphasis is given on the analytical models and computer simulation method of the researches of self-healing in cementitious materials.Las fisuras, y sobre todo las microfisuras, tienen una gran repercusión en la durabilidad y en la vida útil de los materiales cementantes. Ante este problema, la tecnología de la autorreparación, tanto autógena como autónoma, se presenta como una solución eficaz. El artículo se centra en la reparación autógena del hormigón, así como en algunos trabajos recientes sobre la reparación autónoma. Se describen las mejoras de las propiedades de durabilidad y de resistencia que proporciona la técnica del hormigón autorreparable, tanto desde el punto de vista de la investigación experimental como del de la experiencia práctica. A fin de evaluar los avances logrados en los últimos años y de trazar las grandes líneas de desarrollo futuro, se resumen varios de los aspectos

  2. Morbidade na criança e lesões irreversíveis ocasionadas por material de limpeza Children morbidity and irreversible injury caused by cleaning material

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sarah Anna Macieira

    2001-06-01

    Full Text Available O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar um estudo de caso desenvolvido com uma criança desnutrida, de 6 anos, do sexo feminino, com estenose de esôfago. Como estratégia metodológica realizamos a coleta de dados através de estudo em prontuário médico e visita domiciliar. Observamos a falta de percepção da família sobre os riscos dos produtos de limpeza ao alcance da criança; a necessidade de acompanhamento da equipe de saúde (enfermeiro, psicólogo, médico, assistente social e nutricionista, cobrando da mãe cuidados específicos de nutrição, cuidados com a gastrostomia, medicação, prevenção de acidentes domésticos, e orientando-a como guardar material de limpeza.The purpose of the present work is to report a case study on a malnourished 6 year old suffering from esophagus stenosis. As a methodological strategy data collection was performed through studies of medical charts and house visits. It was observed a lack of perception by the family regarding the dangers of having cleaning products within the reach of the child. The necessity of attendance of the health team (nurse, psychologist, doctor, social worker and nutritionist, guiding the mother with respect to special care with nutrition, care with the gastrotomy, medication, and domestic accident prevention, with advice on how to keep cleaning material.

  3. EL PERIODISMO CIVICO COMO COMUNICACION POLITICA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana María Miralles C.

    1998-01-01

    Full Text Available La autora retoma el ejercicio del periodismo cívico como el espacio en el cual la formación de la opinión pública adquiere características de un proyecto político dinámico en el que el ciudadano es el ente fundamental.

  4. Phosphated minerals to be used as radioactive reference materials; Minerais fosfatados para serem utilizados como materiais de referencia radioativos

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Braganca, M.J.C.S.; Tauhata, L. [Instituto de Radioprotecao e Dosimetria (IRD/CNEN-RJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil). Lab. Nacional de Metrologia das Radiacoes Ionizantes (LNMRI); Clain, A.F. [Universidade Severino Sombra, Vassouras, RJ (Brazil); Moreira, I. [Pontificia Univ. Catolica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC/Rio), RJ (Brazil). Dept. de Quimica

    2003-07-01

    The production and the supplying of certified reference materials, or deliberated contaminated materials containing natural radionuclides for laboratories which analyses environmental samples are fundamentals for the correct measurements of their radioactive levels. This analysis quality represents a important step for the safeguards of the population health, and quality control of the imported and exported products, such as minerals, agricultural and raw materials. The phosphate rocks, containing significant concentrations of thorium, and used as raw material and fertilizers justified a study for better characterization and distinction to be used cas certified reference radioactive materials. Therefore, samples from the two carboanalytical-alkaline chimneys (Araxa and Catalao), and one from metasedimentar origin (Patos de Minas), distant 100 km from each other, were collected and chemical and cholecystographic characterized by optical emission, X-ray diffraction and fluorescence. The element concentrations were determined by neutron activation analysis, ICP-MS and ICP-AES. The results, after multivariate statistical analysis and study of correlations among elements, have shown geochemical similarities of the phosphates from Araxa and Catalao, and differences from Patos de Minas, despite of the geographic proximity. The concentration of thorium between 200 and 500 (mg/g) allows to use such minerals as reference materials.

  5. Evaluation of Torrefied Bamboo for Sustainable Bioenergy Production

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Daza Montano, C.; Pels, J.; Fryda, L.; Zwart, R. [ECN Biomass and Energy Efficiency, Petten (Netherlands)

    2012-04-15

    Bamboo is a potential sustainable biomass source for renewable heat and power production. Bamboo presents common fuel characteristics with other biomass feedstocks regarding heating value and chemical composition. Up to date, there are no studies on fuel properties of the bamboo specie Guadua angustifolia. Bamboo is a difficult fuel and most thermal conversion processes have stringent fuel specifications, which are challenging to fulfil with biomass streams. Bamboo is tenacious and fibrous which makes it difficult and expensive to grind. Furthermore, the characteristics with regard to handling, storage and degradability are not favourable for biomass in general. The thermal pre-treatment torrefaction is a promising upgrading technology that can enhance the fuel quality by addressing these issues. During torrefaction, biomass is heated to 250-320C in the absence of oxygen. At the end of the process the material is milled and compressed into pellets. In this way, the biomass becomes easy to grind, more hydrophobic and has a high energy density. Alternatively, wet torrefaction (Torwash) allows for combined torrefaction and washing of the feedstock. Wet torrefaction, a form of hydro-thermal treatment, in addition to dry torrefaction removes salts and minerals from biomass, improving even more the quality of the product. This is in particular interesting for feedstock containing significant amounts of undesirable alkali components for combustion or gasification, as is the case of bamboo. This paper presents an evaluation of the use of Guadua angustifolia as a fuel for heat and power applications. The results of biomass fuel properties and characteristics and quality improvement via dry and wet torrefaction are assessed. Torrefaction clearly shows the improvement of fuel properties and grindability of biomass. Wet-torrefied Guadua angustifolia is chemically an attractive fuel, with favourable fuel properties, e.g. the results showed a 98% of alkali removal, and the

  6. La agrobiodiversidad como elemento de la seguridad alimentaria y ambiental

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    De la Rosa Fernández, Lucía

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available In this article, the importance and situation of the conservation of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture is reviewed, taking into consideration not only the aspects specifically related to the conservation activity but also their role as components of biodiversity and providers of ecosystem services. Special attention is drawn to ex situ collections as providers of germplasm for direct use and for plant breeding, two elements that make an essential contribution to a greater resilience of agriculture to environmental changes. In particular, the state of conservation at national and global levels of genetic resources of Fabaceae species cultivated for human food and animal feed, is examined.En el artículo se revisa la importancia y la situación de la conservación de recursos fitogenéticos para la alimentación y la agricultura, tanto en los aspectos asociados específicamente a esta actividad como en aquellos otros derivados de su faceta como componente de la biodiversidad y proveedor de servicios ecosistémicos. Se incide en la función de las colecciones ex situ como fuente de materiales tanto para su utilización directa como en programas de mejora genética, ambos elementos imprescindibles para una agricultura resiliente frente al cambio ambiental. De forma específica, se describe el estado de la conservación de germoplasma de las especies de la familia de Fabaceae tanto para utilización en alimentación humana como en alimentación animal, en el ámbito nacional e internacional.

  7. El buen entrenador como experto adaptativo que lidera al grupo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sergio Jim\\u00E9nez S\\u00E1iz

    2010-01-01

    expertos en baloncesto, siguiendo los criterios de la literatura específica. Los resultados reflejan que los entrenadores destacan la capacidad de adaptación al contexto que les rodea, como algo prioritario para alcanzar el éxito como entrenadores. Los entrevistados subrayan que no abandonan su modelo de entrenamiento cuando cambian de contexto, sino que lo adaptan a una situación distinta.

  8. Glass-ceramics as building materials

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rincón, J. María

    1996-06-01

    Full Text Available Glass-ceramics are materials composed as any ceramic material by several crystalline phases embedded in an amorphous or vitreous matrix, but their manufacture process implies the controlled devitrification or nucleation and growth of phases from an original glass. The original shape of the original glass molded by conventional methods is carried out by using pressing and sintering followed by crystallization steps. By both processing routes are obtained transparent and/or opaque materials, with or without colours, which after adequate control and design of composition and microstructure have numerous domestic and architectonic applications. They can be used as pavements or wall coatings and in various decorative elements. In fact, their use is very extensive in east-European, American and Asian (Japan countries in constructions for covering large surfaces. The greater advantage of the glass-ceramic process is that due to the own process of vitrification allows the incorporation in their structure of a wide range of compositions from mining and industrial residues, such as red muds, ashes, fangos, scraps... which they can in this way not only be inertizated, but furthermore it be converted without risk for the environment into products useful in construction applications, offering to the architect and to the decorator a new range of "eco-materials" with multiple complementary possibilities of the already existing architectural materials in the market.

    Los productos o materiales vitrocerámicos se componen, como cualquier material de tipo cerámico, de una o varias fases cristalinas embebidas en una matriz amorfa o vítrea, pero cuyo proceso de fabricación implica la desvitrificación o nucleación y cristalización controlada de un vidrio original o de partida. En el proceso de obtención de estos materiales se puede conservar la forma original conferida al vidrio de partida por los métodos convencionales de moldeado de vidrios

  9. AFINAL, COMO SE FORMAM AS ESTRATÃGIAS?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maurício Fernandes Pereira

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available Tem havido recentemente um grande interesse por parte dos autores em entender como se desenvolve a prática da estratégia organizacional. Partindo desta tendência, o presente trabalho descreve como ocorre o processo de formação estratégica em uma organização pertencente ao terceiro setor â o SESC/SC (Serviço Social do Comércio em Santa Catarina. A criação da estratégia na organização em estudo é analisada tomando-se como base os referenciais propostos por Whittington (2002, analisando duas dimensões principais: os resultados pretendidos com as estratégias e os processos pelos quais ela acontece. Com base nos dados coletados observou-se que, na prática da organização pesquisada, as razões que levam ao estabelecimento da estratégia não estão unicamente voltadas aos aspectos econômicos. Quanto à formação das estratégias, no caso estudado, predominou a formação da estratégia da visão clássica de Whittington (2002, por meio da utilização do planejamento estratégico.

  10. Fibra da casca do coco verde como substrato agrícola

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carrijo Osmar Alves

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available A produção comercial de mudas e o cultivo sem solo de hortaliças estão se tornando práticas comuns entre os olericultores. Vários materiais orgânicos como as turfas, resíduos de madeira, casca de pinus e de arroz parcialmente carbonizada ou não, ou materiais inorgânicos como areia, rochas vulcânicas, perlita, lã de rocha e a espuma fenólica já são utilizados como substratos, isoladamente ou em composição. A casca de coco verde que em muitas regiões causa transtorno ao serviço de limpeza pública pelo volume e pela dificuldade de decomposição produz uma fibra que pode ser utilizada como substrato. Para a produção da fibra, a casca de coco verde é picada, desfibrada, triturada, lavada e secada. Para o uso como substrato na produção de mudas, a fibra deve passar por um processo de compostagem. Este processo não é necessário para o uso como substrato em cultivo sem solo, mas no entanto, o substrato necessitará ser enriquecido com nutrientes em pré-plantio ou em fertirrigação. O uso do substrato da fibra de coco verde na produção de tomate em casa de vegetação, alcançou, em termos absolutos, 13,2 kg m-2 de frutos comerciais (média de 3 anos cerca de 7,3% mais que o segundo melhor substrato, o pó de serra com 12,3 kg m-2.

  11. Objetos de memória como referência da diversidade cultural

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rita de Castro Engler

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available Os objetos, de um modo geral, são capazes de despertar lembranças e aguçar a memória. São importantes elementos de estudo para a identificação de laços culturais entre diferentes povos e culturas. Os objetos são carregados de simbolismos culturais, atravessam fronteiras e moldam-se aos costumes, materiais e modos de viver de um povo. Atravessam também o tempo, submetidos a constantes ressignificações passando do artesanal às incorporações do mundo tecnológico, industrial. Novas maneiras de brincar. Neste trabalho os brinquedos que atravessam fronteiras e se fazem presentes em diferentes culturas serão tomados como objeto de estudo.  A narrativa procurou tratar o brinquedo como objetos de memória e fonte de estudos, na medida em que refletem aspectos socioculturais e econômicos. A pesquisa bibliográfica, de caráter exploratório, buscou um aprofundamento no tema e aprimoramento de ideias a respeito da potencialidade lúdica e educativa do brinquedo.  Como resultado, buscou-se consolidar conhecimentos acerca do brinquedo, como objeto de memória, como subsídio para propostas educacionais no estudo da diversidade cultural da América Latina. Os dados registrados podem contribuir com novos métodos educacionais, em formação de redes que fortaleçam o conhecimento de origens e uso dos objetos de memória como recurso didático e de qualidade de vida. Palavras-chave: Brinquedos infantis; diversidade cultural; objetos de memória; povos nativos; educação.

  12. Fístula traqueoesofágica como complicação tardia de traqueostomia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    COELHO MARLOS DE SOUZA

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available A fístula traqueoesofágica como complicação tardia de traqueostomia é uma ocorrência rara, com incidência menor do que 1%, mas que deve ser conhecida, diagnosticada e tratada rapidamente, para que se evite evolução desfavorável. Relata-se o caso de uma mulher de 41 anos que permaneceu com traqueostomia prolongada, devido a acidente vascular cerebral. Após a alta hospitalar, apresentou insuficiência respiratória aguda e observou-se a saída de material da sonda nasogástrica traqueostomia. O diagnóstico de fístula traqueoesofágica foi feito por exame endoscópico e a paciente foi submetida a uma traqueoplastia, com boa evolução.

  13. LA BIOÉTICA COMO QUEHACER FILOSÓFICO

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ferrer, Jorge José

    2009-01-01

    El artículo examina el estatuto epistemológico de la bioética como disciplina académica. El autor sostiene que el estatuto epistemológico de un discurso lo determina la pregunta fundamental que se plantea y la respuesta que se busca, focos integradores del discurso. En el caso de la bioética, la pregunta fundamental es de índole moral. La bioética es pues una disciplina ética que tiene su hogar epistemológico en la filosofía. El autor también defiende el concepto de “éticas aplicadas”. Sugiere finalmente que el método de la bioética, sobre todo la que se hace desde nuestras latitudes, debería adoptar el círculo hermenéutico como metodología para su filosofar. PMID:20463860

  14. El investigador como educador musical y como divulgador

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    Suárez-Pajares, Javier

    2000-05-01

    Full Text Available La presente ponencia trataba de plantear en la Mesa redonda "Investigación aplicada a la educación musical" una serie de problemas que surgen no tanto a quienes se dedican profesionalmente a la educación musical, sino a quienes, dedicados a la investigación y al estudio de temas relacionados con la historia de la música desde perspectivas diversas, tienen finalmente que transmitirlos a una audiencia determinada, ya sea otros colegas, alumnos de universidad, u otros públicos en los que se centra el concepto "divulgación" aludido en el título.Se incide particularmente en los problemas de la educación musical universitaria para no especialistas y en la divulgación científica aplicada a la música, un campo casi yermo sobre el que hay mucho que reflexionar: desde las nuevas posibilidades para la explicación de la música que ofrecen soportes nuevos como el CD-Rom, hasta las tradicionales formas de relación con un público melómano a través de notas a programas y críticas de conciertos.

  15. Las comunidades locales como estructuras meso.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ferrand, Alexis

    2002-09-01

    Full Text Available Entre el nivel micro y el nivel macro: meso. Si el nivel macro está definido por la regulación nacional, estatal o del mercado y el nivel micro por la regulación interpersonal, una agencia de regulación intermediaria de mayor importancia ha sido definida como “comunidad local” (Wellman, Fischer. Aparte de las dimensiones organizacionales (organizaciones locales, clubes, tiendas... e institucionales (poder local, partidos... locales, es posible definir algunas propiedades estructurales pertinentes de los sistemas de relaciones interpersonales privadas: uno es el grado de “cerrado” (closure local (Barnes: redes locales vs. transversales, o la “dualidad” de estos sistemas. Apoyándose en la idea de que la eficiencia de los “puentes” reside en el tipo de cliques que conectan (Lin, es posible definir tipos variados de micro-estructuras, cuyas distribuciones en diferentes localidades son indicadores sucedáneos o aproximaciones de las diferentes meso estructuras de sistemas relacionales como combinaciones de redes “locales” y “no locales”.

  16. JOGOS PAISAGÍSTICOS: MAPAS E ATLAS COMO CONCEITOS OPERATIVOS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Frederico Canuto

    2014-04-01

    Full Text Available O presente artigo coloca em discussão a produção de paisagens como prática que pode envolver diferentes agentes e percepções, não sendo estreitamente vinculado a um único olhar dito objetivo. A partir de tal discussão, mapas e atlas, instrumentos cartográficos por demais usuais, são aqui transformados em conceitos para se pensar a paisagem e sua produção na contemporaneidade levando em conta diferentes recortes epistemológicos, pontos de vista, agentes e sujeitos. Usando o conceito de espasmos advindo da critica do filósofo francês Gilles Deleuze a respeito das pinturas Francis Bacon, tais operadores serão discutidos como espaços autônomos de produção de paisagens a despeito de qualquer imagem exterior existente a priori. Serão usadas duas obras que, por sua vez, apontarão para a definição destes mesmos operadores: o trabalho artístico participativo Alter Bahnhof Vídeo Walk dos artistas Janet Cardiff e George Miller apresentado na DOCUMENTA XIII de Kassel em 2012 e o site interativo We feel Fine. An Exploration of Human Emotion, in Six Movements feito pelos designers Jonathan Harris e Sep Kamvar. E na conclusão, pretende-se discutir o mapa e atlas não como instrumentos de leitura de um real, mas eles mesmos como um real narrativo.

  17. Limitaciones del IMC como indicador exclusivo de estado nutricional

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Moreno Romero, Susana

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo determinar el potencial diagnóstico y las limitaciones del uso del Índice de Masa Corporal como único indicador del estado nutricional. Para ello se analizó una muestra constituida por 2155 sujetos de ambos sexos, con edades comprendidas entre los 6 y 18 años y pertenecientes a tres poblaciones jujeñas que difieren en ubicación altitudinal y nivel socieconómico (NSE: 1. Susques, localidad rural situada a 3675 m.s.n.m; 2. Alto Comedero, barrio periférico de San Salvador de Jujuy (1250 m.s.n.m. de NSE bajo; y 3. José Hernández, muestra representativa del estrato SE elevado de la misma capital. Se tomaron las medidas directas de talla, peso, perímetro braquial y pliegues de grasa subcutánea tricipital y subescapular, entre otras. A partir de éstas, se calculó el IMC y las áreas tisulares del brazo. Se establecieron las categorías nutricionales en función de los percentilos establecidos por el NHANES I y II para la talla, IMC, área magra y grasa del brazo y pliegues tricipital y subescapular. Al comparar los resultados obtenidos para cada variable se comprueba como el uso exclusivo del IMC enmascara importantes patologías nutricionales, tanto por defecto como por exceso.

  18. O "hum" venoso como causa de zumbido pulsátil de origem vascular

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dib Gabriel Cesar

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available Zumbido é uma das queixas otológicas mais comuns com que o otorrinolaringologista se depara. O "hum" venoso é descrito como uma causa pouco comum de zumbido vascular, pouco lembrado ou reconhecido como entidade clínica. OBJETIVO: O objetivo do estudo é identificar os casos de "hum" venoso dentre os pacientes com zumbido pulsátil atendidos no Ambulatório de Zumbido da Disciplina de Otorrinolaringologia da UNIFESP-EPM e compará-los com a literatura. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Estudo retrospectivo dos pacientes com "hum" venoso realizado na UNIFESP-EPM de abril de 1997 a abril de 2003, analisando-se os parâmetros: idade de aparecimento, freqüência, lado acometido, presença de perda auditiva e tontura associadas, fatores de piora e melhora, resultados de audiometria, exame vestibular e tomografia computadorizada de ossos temporais, evolução e tratamento realizados. Foi utilizado um protocolo de exames e tratamento e os resultados foram comparados com os da literatura. RESULTADOS: O zumbido pulsátil ocorreu em 7,5% e o "hum" venoso em 3% do total de pacientes com zumbido, todos no sexo feminino, sem prevalência por época de aparecimento, acometendo mais a orelha esquerda. Em todos os pacientes houve melhora com tratamento clínico, não sendo necessária intervenção cirúrgica em nenhum caso. CONCLUSÃO: O "hum" venoso não é uma causa incomum de zumbido (39% dos zumbidos pulsáteis como citado na literatura. O tratamento deve ser realizado atuando-se sobre os fatores responsáveis pelo zumbido e decorrentes do mesmo. Em grande número de casos o mesmo desaparece espontaneamente, não necessitando de tratamento. O tratamento cirúrgico raramente é necessário, devendo ser reservado apenas aos casos em que não haja melhora com o tratamento clínico.

  19. Octadecanoides como reguladores de la defensa de las plantas

    OpenAIRE

    G. Camarena Gutiérrez

    2002-01-01

    En años recientes muchas moléculas lipoides muy potentes han sido identificadas, comprenden compuestos lipofílicos no derivados de lípidos como los brasinoesteroides triterpenoides, otros que parcialmente son de origen lipídico como los lipo-oligosacáridos, factores de nodulación de especies de Rhizobium que pueden tener parientes endógenos en las plantas, y un tercer grupo, los octadecanoides, cuyas estructuras son derivadas de ácidos grasos vegetales. Las señales mediadas por lípid...

  20. Pegada Hídrica como Indicador de Sustentabilidade Ambiental1

    OpenAIRE

    Kettrin Farias Bem Maracajá; Vicente de Paulo Rodrigues da Silva; José Dantas Neto; niversidade Federal de Campina Grande

    2012-01-01

    O conceito de pegada hídrica tem sido recentemente introduzido como um importante indicador do consumo de água humano, na tentativa de minimizar os impactos ambientais. Esse trabalho aborda o conceito da pegada hídrica como um indicador de sustentabilidade, com vistas o uso racional dos recursos hídricos. Nos últimos anos, a escassez de alguns recursos naturais vem sendo bastante discutido em todo o mundo e quanto à água a preocupação é ainda maior em face do uso desordenado na irrig...